hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chengyang, Guangxi
Chengyang (程阳) is an area consisting of eight villages in the Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County of Guangxi province of China, located 4–5 hours from Guilin city.

It is known for its "Folk Custom Centre" and the Chengyang Bridge, a covered bridge known locally as a "wind and rain bridge" due to the protection it offers from the weather.

The bridge is protected as a valued cultural relic of the Dong people, and was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on February 12, 1996, in the Cultural category.

Chengyang has been widely studied due to its sustainable irrigation techniques that use its natural topography and local materials (like bamboo) to irrigate rice fields with river water.

Guilin
Guilin (Standard Zhuang: Gveilinz), formerly romanized as Kweilin, is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the north. Its name means "forest of sweet osmanthus", owing to the large number of fragrant sweet osmanthus trees located in the region. The city has long been renowned for its scenery of karst topography.

Guilin is one of China's most popular tourist destinations, and the epithet "By water, by mountains, most lovely, Guilin" (山水甲天下) is often associated with the city. The State Council of China has designated Guilin a National Famous Historical and Cultural City, doing so in the first edition of the list.
1998 Kremlin Cup – Women's singles
Mary Pierce defeated Monica Seles in the final, 7–6(7–2), 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1998 Kremlin Cup.

Jana Novotná was the reigning champion, but chose not to compete that year.

Mary Pierce
Mary Caroline Pierce (born 15 January 1975) is a French former professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 3 in singles and in doubles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Pierce won 18 singles titles on the WTA Tour, including two majors at the 1995 Australian Open and the 2000 French Open, and five Tier I singles events. Pierce was a finalist at a further four singles majors, and twice at the Tour Finals.

In doubles, Pierce won 10 doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including two major titles at the 2000 French Open in women's doubles partnering Martina Hingis, and at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships in mixed doubles partnering Mahesh Bhupathi. She was also a runner-up in women's doubles at the 2000 Australian Open, partnering Hingis.

Pierce was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2019. She is the most recent Frenchwoman to win the French Open singles title.
Panoche Pass
Panoche Pass is a mountain pass within the Diablo Range in San Benito County, California connecting the southern extremity of the Santa Clara Valley in the west to the Panoche Valley and San Joaquin Valley in the east.  The name Panoche Pass is used for the United States Geological Survey quadrangle map for the local area. County Route J1, also known as the Panoche Road, traverses the pass.

The elevation of 2,250 feet (690 m) posted on the official highway sign is at least 130 feet (40 m) higher than that indicated on the official USGS topographic map of the area.

San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ⓘ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin and Kings counties, most of Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties, and parts of Madera and Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has four densely populated urban centers:  Stockton/Modesto, Fresno, Porterville/Visalia, and Bakersfield.
Ledumahadi
Ledumahadi (meaning "giant thunderclap" in Sesotho language) is a genus of lessemsaurid sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Elliot Formation in Free State Province, South Africa. The type and only species is L. mafube, known from a singular incomplete postcranial specimen. A quadruped, it was one of the first giant sauropodomorphs, reaching a weight of around 12 tonnes (13 short tons), despite not having evolved columnar limbs like its later huge relatives.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Gladys Miall-Smith
Gladys Miall-Smith (1888 – 3 January 1991) was a British medical doctor, and a notable campaigner in the fight to remove the marriage bar for women. During WW1, she was a doctor for the French Red Cross, and worked in the Scottish Women's Hospital at Royaumont 1918–19. She was the first doctor in Welwyn Garden City.

French Red Cross
The French Red Cross (French: Croix-Rouge française), or the CRF, is the national Red Cross Society in France founded in 1864 and originally known as the Société française de secours aux blessés militaires (SSBM). Recognized as a public utility since 1945, the French Red Cross is one of the 191 national societies of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It has more than 62,000 volunteers and 17,000 employees. Its network consists of 1,062 local offices, 108 departmental and territorial delegations and 634 social, medico-social and health establishments throughout France, including the overseas departments and territories.
Marlim
Marlim is a giant Brazilian oil field located in the north-eastern part of the Campos Basin, about 110 km offshore Rio de Janeiro, in water depths ranging from 650 to 1,050 m. Marlim means marlin, in Portuguese.

Marlim was originally discovered by well in February 1985. The 75 m column was predominantly unconsolidated sandstone, with a permeability as high as two darcies. The discovery also showed high-gravity oil (17-21 degree API). At the time of discovery, the Marlim reservoir had an oil-in-place volume of about 9 billion barrels and an expectated 1.7 billion barrels of oil in total reserves.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Ludwik Krasiński
Ludwik Krasiński of Ślepowron (1609 in Ciechanów, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – 1644) was a Polish royal courtier, the castellan of Ciechanów and, in 1637, the starosta of Płock.

Ludwik was the son of Stanisław Krasiński and brother of Gabriel Krasiński and Jan Kazimierz Krasiński.

He was the elector of Władysław IV of Płock Voivodeship in 1632. Ludwik was a member of parliament of Płock Voivodeship from its coronation in 1633 to 1637.

Ślepowron coat of arms
Ślepowron is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. From the fifteenth century, the descendants of the Ślepowron family began to use names taken from their lands. This led to many different surnames being created within one family, symbolically united under the Korwin (raven) coat of arms, which is thus unique in Polish heraldry. Wawrzęta Korwin de Ślepowron is the oldest known ancestor of the family, although their oral traditions claim descent from Marcus Valerius Corvus, a Roman general.
Chloroacetamide
Chloroacetamide (2-chloroacetamide) is a chlorinated organic compound with the molecular formula ClCH2CONH2. It is a colorless solid although older samples appear yellow. It has a characteristic odor and is readily soluble in water. It has the structure Cl−CH2−C(=O)−NH2.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
Pairis Abbey
Pairis Abbey is a former Cistercian monastery in Orbey in Haut-Rhin, Alsace, northeastern France. The surviving building serves today as a nursing home.

The abbey was founded in 1138 by the Count of Eguisheim as a daughter house of Lucelle Abbey.

In the 13th century, abbot Martin of Pairis preached the Fourth Crusade and then participated in the misfire of it. After taking active part in the sacking of Constantinople, Martin brought several looted relics from there to Pairis, increasing the status of the monastery considerably. The monk Gunther of Pairis wrote an account of the crusade.

The abbey was joined to the Abbey of Maulbronn in 1452, confirmed by the Cistercian general chapter in 1453 and Pope Pius II in 1461. In 1648, Maulbronn was turned over to the Protestant Duchy of Württemberg by the Peace of Westphalia. The Cistercians were forced to leave and they re-established the abbey of Pairis.

The abbey was suppressed during the French Revolution.

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Parc Bit
The Parc Bit is a science and technology park located in the outskirts of the city of Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Many innovation research centres of enterprises related with tourism are placed here, such as Trivago or Microsoft.

It was opened in 2002 and currently around 2,500 employees work there. It is located near the University of the Balearic Islands.

Parc Bit metro station of Palma Metro, which is located in the park and derives the name from it, was opened on 2 July 2025 as a one-station extension from UIB. It serves as the northern terminus of the line.

UIB metro station
UIB is a station on the Palma Metro. It is situated on the south side of the main campus of University of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Universitat de les Illes Balears, UIB), which is located in northern part of Palma on the island of Majorca, Spain.

The station, which was opened 25 April 2007 by Catalina Cirer, mayor of Palma de Mallorca, was the northerly terminus of the line until 2 July 2025. On that day, a one-station extension to Parc Bit, the new northern terminus of the line, was opened.
Aleksander Gabelic
Aleksander Gabelic (born 17 September 1965) is a Swedish politician and former member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he represented Östergötland County between October 2006 and October 2010. He was a member of the European Parliament between April 2018 and July 2019. He was a member of the municipal council in Linköping Municipality and chairman of the Swedish UN Federation (Svenska FN-förbundet).

Linköping Municipality
Linköping Municipality (Swedish: Linköpings kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County in southern Sweden. With more than 165,000 inhabitants, it is the fifth largest municipality in Sweden.

The municipality is bordered in the west by Motala, and thence clockwise by Finspång, Norrköping, Söderköping, Åtvidaberg, Kinda, Boxholm and Mjölby municipalities.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 by the amalgamation of the City of Linköping with five surrounding rural municipalities. The number of original local government entities (as of 1863) making up Linköping Municipality is 32.

Linköping is one of the few municipalities in Sweden to style the speaker of the assembly as mayor.

Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plan to become a carbon neutral community by 2025.
Fansler
Fansler is a German-language habitational surname for someone from Vanselow, a place in Siedenbrünzow, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Notable people with the surname include:

Dean Fansler (1885–19??), American academic

Michael Fansler (1883–1963), American jurist from Indiana

Priscilla Hiss (née Fansler, 1903–1984), American teacher

Stan Fansler (born 1965), American baseball player

Zach Fansler, American politician

Michael Fansler
Michael Louis Fansler (July 4, 1883 – July 26, 1963) was an American lawyer, football player, politician, and judge who served as a justice of the Indiana Supreme Court from January 4, 1933, to January 1, 1945.
Love Radio
Love Radio is a broadcast FM radio network in the Philippines owned by MBC Media Group. Its headquarters are located at Cultural Center of the Philippine Complex, Pasay, Manila. The network's original format is easy-listening from 1975 until 2000 when Love Radio shifted to Contemporary MOR or more popularly known as the masa format.

Its flagship station is DZMB in Metro Manila (licensed to Cebu Broadcasting Company), which has been rated as #1 in the FM radio ratings for 16 years (from 2002 to 2017), according to the KBP's Radio Research Council Surveys and AC Nielsen Car Survey.

Middle of the road (music)
Middle of the road (also known by its acronym MOR) is a commercial radio format. Music associated with this term is strongly melodic and uses techniques of vocal harmony and light orchestral arrangements. The format was similar to soft adult contemporary. In the mid-late 2000s the term "middle of the road" became used by journalists as a way to describe musicians and bands such as Train and Westlife who calibrated their musical appeal to commercial, popular music taste and avoided more innovative material.
All My Trials
"All My Trials" is a folk song which became popular during the social protest movements of the late 1950s and 1960s. Alternative titles it has been recorded under include "Bahamian Lullaby" and "All My Sorrows." The origins of the song are unclear, as it appears to not have been documented in any musicological or historical records (such as the Roud Folk Song Index, Archive of American Folk Song, or an ethnomusicologist's field recordings or notes) until after the first commercial recording was released (as "Bahamian Lullaby") on Bob Gibson's 1956 debut album Offbeat Folksongs.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Agios Serafeim
Agios Serafeim (Greek: Άγιος Σεραφείμ meaning Saint Seraphim) is a village in the municipality of Kamena Vourla in Phthiotis, Greece. It is situated near the Malian Gulf coast.  Agios Serafeim is 5 km east of Molos, 8 km northwest of the town Kamena Vourla and 14 km northwest of Agios Konstantinos. The A1 motorway (Athens - Thessaloniki) passes south of the village. The area is known for its olive production.

Malian Gulf
The Malian or Maliac Gulf (Greek: Μαλιακός Κόλπος, romanized: Maliakós Kólpos) is a gulf in the western Aegean Sea. It forms part of the coastline of Greece's region of Phthiotis. The gulf stretches east to west to a distance of 15 to 22 kilometers (9.3 to 13.7 mi), depending on the definition, and is very shallow, with a maximum depth of 27 meters (89 ft). The only harbour is that of Stylida, which serves the city of Lamia. To its east is Cape Lichada, the northwesternmost point of the island of Euboea.
Muntaner (surname)
Muntaner is a Catalan surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antoni Roig Muntaner (1931–2019), Spanish politician

David Muntaner (born 1983), Spanish track cyclist

Ramon Muntaner (1265–1336), Catalan mercenary and writer

Carles Muntaner (born 1957), Catalan public health researcher

David Muntaner
David Muntaner Juaneda (born 12 July 1983) is a Spanish track cyclist. At the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's team pursuit for the national team.

Muntaner turned professional for the 2014 road season with the ActiveJet team.
Skam NL
Skam NL (also known as Skam Dutch or Skam Netherlands; often stylized in all caps) is a Dutch teen drama television series based on the Norwegian television series Skam. It was broadcast by NPO 3 from 16 September 2018 to 4 June 2019.

Omroep NTR
NTR (stylised onscreen as ntr:) is a Dutch public-service broadcaster, supplying television and radio programming of an informational, educational, and cultural nature to the national public broadcasting system, Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO). NTR was created in 2010, following the merger of the Nederlandse Programma Stichting (NPS) and two educational broadcasters, Televisie Academie (Teleac) and the Radio Volksuniversiteit (RVU). For details of these predecessor organizations, see further below.

Public broadcasting organizations in the Netherlands (that is to say, in the Dutch context, listener and viewer associations) do not have their own stations but are allotted airtime on the three public television and eight public radio networks broadly in relation to the size of their respective memberships. NTR, however, as an independently established statutory body, is not a membership-based organization.
Wales national badminton team
The Wales national badminton team (Welsh: Tîm badminton cenedlaethol Cymru) represents Wales in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by Badminton Wales, the national organization for badminton in the country. Wales have never participated in the Thomas Cup and the Uber Cup. The team's last appearance in the international stage was at the 2007 Sudirman Cup.

The Welsh team had participated in the 2020 European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships but were defeated in the group stage.

2007 Sudirman Cup
The 2007 Sudirman Cup is the 10th tournament of the World Mixed Team Badminton Championships of Sudirman Cup. It was held from 11 to 17 June 2007 in Glasgow, Scotland.

China won for the sixth time and second in a row after beating Indonesia 3–0 in the final.
Đông Hải district
Đông Hải was a rural district (huyện) of Bạc Liêu province (Now Cà Mau province) in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 130,557. The district covered an area of 550 km2. The district capital lies at Gành Hào.

Bạc Liêu province
Bạc Liêu was a former province of Vietnam. It is a coastal province, and is situated in the Mekong Delta region of the southern part of the country.

On June 12, 2025, Bạc Liêu was incorporated into Cà Mau province.
Fur-bearing trout
The fur-bearing trout (or furry trout) is a legendary creature found in American folklore and Icelandic folklore.  According to folklore, the trout has created a thick coat of fur to maintain its body heat. Tales of furry fish date to the 17th century. The earliest known American publication dates from a 1929 Montana Wildlife magazine article by J.H. Hicken. A taxidermy furry trout produced by Ross C. Jobe is a specimen at the Royal Museum of Scotland; it is a trout with white rabbit fur "ingeniously" attached.

There are no known examples of any fur-bearing trout species, but two examples of hair-like growths on fish are known. The "cotton mold", Saprolegnia, can infect fish, which can result in the appearance of fish covered in white "fur". Another fish, Mirapinna esau, has hairlike outgrowth and sports wing-like pectoral fins.

Folklore of the United States
Folklore of the United States encompasses the myths, legends, tall tales, oral traditions, music, customs, and cultural expressions that have developed within the United States over centuries. It reflects the diverse origins of the nation’s people, drawing from Native American traditions, European settler narratives, African American storytelling, and the folklore of immigrant communities from Asia, Latin America, and elsewhere.

American folklore includes iconic figures such as Paul Bunyan and Johnny Appleseed, regional creatures like Bigfoot and the Jersey Devil; and urban legends that persist into the digital age. It also incorporates folk music, superstitions, ghost stories, and festival traditions that vary across regions and populations.

As a dynamic and evolving body of cultural expression, U.S. folklore continues to adapt to new technologies, social changes, and hybrid identities, remaining a vital lens through which Americans interpret their shared—and contested—histories.
2022 WTA Lyon Open – Doubles
Laura Siegemund and Vera Zvonareva defeated Alicia Barnett and Olivia Nicholls in the final, 7–5, 6–1 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 WTA Lyon Open.

Viktória Kužmová and Arantxa Rus were the reigning champions, but Kužmová did not participate. Rus partnered Greet Minnen, but withdrew from the tournament before their first-round match.

Greet Minnen
Greet Minnen (born 14 August 1997) is a Belgian tennis player.
Minnen has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 59 in singles and No. 45 in doubles, achieved on 16 October 2023 and on 8 January 2024, respectively.
Kagiso Malinga
Kagiso Joseph Malinga (born 21 January 1995) is a South African soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Golden Arrows in the Premier Soccer League.

Malinga was called up for South Africa for the 2021 COSAFA Cup, playing 6 games in the tournament and scoring against Botswana. South Africa won the cup.

Playing several seasons for the Moroka Swallows, he was reportedly followed by South African top team Orlando Pirates for an extended period of time.

Botswana national football team
The Botswana national football team (Tswana: Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana) represents Botswana in men's international association football. It is governed by the Botswana Football Association (BFA) which was founded in 1970.

As of December 2025, the team has qualified for two editions of Africa Cup of Nations, in 2012 and 2025, and it has not managed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup. The team also participates in the regional COSAFA Cup which is open to Southern African national teams and takes place annually; Botswana's best result in the cup to date is finishing runners-up in the 2016 and 2019 editions.