hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 Cuban constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Cuba on 24 February 2019. Voters were asked whether they approved of a new constitution passed by the National Assembly of People's Power in July 2018. The reforms were approved, with 91% of valid votes cast in favour. The new constitution came into force on 10 April 2019 after it was proclaimed in the Cuban National Assembly and published in the Official Gazette of the Republic.

Presumption of innocence
The presumption of innocence is a legal principle that every person accused of any crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. Under the presumption of innocence, the legal burden of proof is thus on the prosecution, which must present compelling evidence to the trier of fact (a judge or a jury).  If the prosecution does not prove the charges true, then the person is acquitted of the charges. The prosecution must in most cases prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If reasonable doubt remains, the accused must be acquitted.  The opposite system is a presumption of guilt.

In many countries and under many legal systems, including common law and civil law systems (not to be confused with the other kind of civil law, which deals with non-criminal legal issues), the presumption of innocence is a legal right of the accused in a criminal trial.  It is also an international human right under the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 11.
2019 Australian Open – Mixed doubles
Barbora Krejčíková and Rajeev Ram defeated Astra Sharma and John-Patrick Smith in the final, 7–6(7–3), 6–1 to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 2019 Australian Open.

Gabriela Dabrowski and Mate Pavić were the defending champions, but were defeated in the quarterfinals by María José Martínez Sánchez and Neal Skupski.

Gabriela Dabrowski
Gabriela "Gaby" Dabrowski (/dəˈbraʊski/; Polish: Dąbrowska, pronounced [dɔmˈbrɔfska]; born April 1, 1992) is a Canadian professional tennis player. She reached her career-high doubles ranking of world No. 2 on 23 February 2026. A four-time Grand Slam champion, she has won two US Open doubles titles, in 2023 and 2025, partnering Erin Routliffe. She also won the 2017 French Open mixed-doubles title, with Rohan Bopanna, becoming the first Canadian woman to win a senior major title, and the 2018 Australian Open with Mate Pavić. Her highest singles ranking of world No. 164 was achieved in November 2014.
Double Concerto (Rorem)
The Double Concerto is a composition for violin, cello, and orchestra by the American composer Ned Rorem.  The work was commissioned by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra and composed between July 27, 1997, and April 1998.  It was composed for the violinist Jaime Laredo and the cellist Sharon Robinson, who first performed the piece with the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra conducted by Raymond Leppard in Indianapolis on October 15, 1998.

Raymond Leppard
Raymond John Leppard CBE (11 August 1927 – 22 October 2019) was a British-American conductor, harpsichordist, composer and editor. In the 1960s, he played a prime role in the rebirth of interest in Baroque music; in particular, he was one of the first major conductors to perform Baroque opera, reviving works by Claudio Monteverdi and Francesco Cavalli. He conducted operas at major international opera houses and festivals, including the Glyndebourne Festival where he led the world premiere of Nicholas Maw's The Rising of the Moon, the Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House. He composed film scores such as Lord of the Flies and Alfred the Great.
Siti Nordiana
Siti Nordiana Alias (born 22 November 1984) is a Malaysian singer, actress, songwriter and businesswoman. She started her music career at age of 15 and has released six studio albums to date. Her name rose again after joining the second season of Gegar Vaganza, winning the competition in 2015.

Women in business
The phrase women in business refers to female businesspeople who hold positions, particularly leadership in the fields of commerce, business, and entrepreneurship. It advocates for their increased participation in business.

Increased participation of women in business can be important for variation in business development, ideas, and business products. Participation also encourages the development of social networks and supports that have positive repercussions for women and for their social environment.

The status of women in business varies significantly around the world. Sometimes a lack of adequate business capital, female education, and training programs in the use of technology  can mean women are more constrained by their social and political environment than men.
Welling-Everly Horse Barn
The Welling-Everly Horse Barn is a historic horse barn located west of U.S. Route 136 and northwest of Adair in rural McDonough County, Illinois. The barn was built in 1882 for Dave Welling, a wealthy livestock farmer. The Stick style barn was noted for its "artistic beauty" in Macomb's daily newspaper; its architecture is typical of the era's focus on building exquisite buildings in rural settings. While the barn was originally paired with an Eastlake style farmhouse, the house burned down in the 1890s and was replaced by a Queen Anne house that has since lost its architectural integrity. Welling sold his farm to Wm. H. Smith in 1892; in 1901, it was purchased by Jonas Everly, who began farming grain on the property.

The barn was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 9, 1985.

Macomb, Illinois
Macomb (/məˈkoʊm/) is a city in and the county seat of McDonough County, Illinois, United States.  It is situated in western Illinois, about 75 miles (121 km) southwest of Peoria.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 15,051. Macomb is the home of Western Illinois University.
2003 Tour de Langkawi
The 2003 Tour de Langkawi was the 8th edition of the Tour de Langkawi, a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia. It began on 31 January in Langkawi and ended on 9 February in Kuala Lumpur. In fact, this race was rated by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) as a 2.2 category race.

Tom Danielson of USA won the race, followed by Hernán Darío Muñoz of Colombia second and Fredy González of Colombia third. Graeme Brown of Australia won the points classification category and Roland Green of South Africa won the mountains classification category. Colombia–Selle Italia won the team classification category.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Peter and the Shadow Thieves
Peter and the Shadow Thieves is a children's novel that was published by Hyperion Books, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, in 2006.  Written by humorist Dave Barry and novelist Ridley Pearson, the book is a sequel to their book Peter and the Starcatchers, continuing the story of the orphan Peter and his latest adventures with the Starcatchers. The "Starcatchers" series is an epic story of a battle between good and evil, incorporating a reimagined version of characters and situations from J. M. Barrie's classic novel Peter and Wendy. It was illustrated by artist Greg Call.

The series continues in Peter and the Secret of Rundoon, Peter and the Sword of Mercy, and The Bridge to Never Land. Hyperion also released a series of short short chapter books by the same authors, detailing daily misadventures of the Lost Boys.

Hachette Books
Hachette Books, formerly Hyperion Books, is a general-interest book imprint of the Perseus Books Group, which is a division of Hachette Book Group and ultimately a part of Lagardère Group. Established in 1990, Hachette publishes general-interest fiction and non-fiction books for adults. A former subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, it was originally named after Hyperion Avenue, the location of Walt Disney Studios prior to 1939. Hachette took over a 1,000 book backlist when Hyperion was purchased from Disney in 2013 with 250 bestselling novels, including Mitch Albom's The Five People You Meet in Heaven.
Karl Joseph von Simbschen
Karl Joseph von Simbschen (fl. 1746–d. 1763) or Josef Carl was an Austrian military commander that reached the rank of feldmarschall-leutnant. He commanded Military Frontier battalions in the areas of present-day Serbia and Croatia.

Banat of Temeswar
The Banat of Temeswar or Banat of Temes was a Habsburg province that existed between 1718 and 1778. It was located in the present day region of Banat, which was named after this province. The province was abolished in 1778 and the following year it was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.
Trio for Strings
Trio for Strings is a 1958 composition for violin, viola, and cello by American composer La Monte Young. It consists almost entirely of sustained tones and rests, and represents Young's first full embrace of "static" composition. It has been described as a central work of musical minimalism.

Jung Hee Choi
Jung Hee Choi is a South Korean-born artist and musician, based in New York City, working in video, performance, sound and multi-media installation. Since 1999, Choi has been a disciple of La Monte Young and Marian Zazeela in the study of music and art. Choi, with Young and Zazeela, is a founding member of The Just Alap Raga Ensemble, and has performed as vocalist with the ensemble since 2002. 
Choi's work has been presented in the U.S., Europe and Asia, including FRAC Franche-Comté, France; Berliner Festspiele, Germany; Dia Art Foundation, Guggenheim Museum and MELA Foundation Dream Houses, NYC; FRESH Festival, Bangkok; and the Korea Experimental Arts Festival, Korea. The New York Times listed Choi's Tonecycle for Blues performed by her Sundara All Star Band as one of The Best Classical Music Performances of 2017.
Äggakaka
Äggakaka (English: egg cake) is a traditional Scanian dish that is similar to kolbullar or oven pancake (ugnspankaka), that is served with fried slices of pork belly and lingon berries. It used to be made for farmworkers as it was easy to wrap up and eat out on the fields.

Pork belly
Pork belly or belly pork is a boneless, fatty cut of pork from the belly of a pig. Pork belly is particularly popular in cuisines including American, British, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Ukrainian, Polish, Hispanic, Filipino, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Thai.
Hercules stream
The Hercules stream is a large moving group of stars that are trailing behind the local rate of galactic rotation and are heading further out in the disk relative to the galactic core. Members of this stream may sometimes be referred to as Hercules stars. This stream was first hypothesized to be the remnants of a cluster of
stars that has evaporated over time, becoming gravitationally unbound. Alternatively, the Hercules stream may have been created as a resonant effect of the galactic bar at the center of the Milky Way. This stream
of stars has a space velocity component V equal to about −40 km/s.

Galactic disc
A galactic disc (or galactic disk) is a component of disc galaxies, such as spiral galaxies like the Milky Way and lenticular galaxies. Galactic discs consist of a stellar component (composed of most of the galaxy's stars) and a gaseous component (mostly composed of cool gas and dust). The stellar population of galactic discs tend to exhibit very little random motion with most of its stars undergoing nearly circular orbits about the galactic center. Discs can be fairly thin because the disc material's motion lies predominantly on the plane of the disc (very little vertical motion). The Milky Way's disc, for example, is approximately 1 kilolight-year thick, but thickness can vary for discs in other galaxies.
Level-set method
The Level-set method (LSM) is a conceptual framework for using level sets as a tool for numerical analysis of surfaces and shapes. LSM can perform numerical computations involving curves and surfaces on a fixed Cartesian grid without having to parameterize these objects. LSM makes it easier to perform computations on shapes with sharp corners and shapes that change topology (such as by splitting in two or developing holes). These characteristics make LSM effective for modeling objects that vary in time, such as an airbag inflating or a drop of oil floating in water.

Model
A model is an informative representation of an object, person, or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin modulus, 'a measure'.

Models can be divided into physical models (e.g. a ship model) and abstract models (e.g. a set of mathematical equations describing the workings of the atmosphere for the purpose of weather forecasting). Abstract or conceptual models are central to philosophy of science.

In scholarly research and applied science, a model should not be confused with a theory: while a model seeks only to represent reality with the purpose of better understanding or predicting the world, a theory is more ambitious in that it claims to be an explanation of reality.
Sirdavidia
Sirdavidia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants from the family Annonaceae described February 4, 2015, by Thomas L.P. Couvreur  of France's Institute of Research for Development, Raoul Niangadouma of the Herbier National du Gabon, Bonaventure Sonké of the University of Yaoundé, and Hervé Sauquet of Université Paris-Sud. The genus was named in honor of Sir David Attenborough. The type species Sirdavidia solannona was discovered and collected in Gabon in Crystal Mountains National Park on November 15, 2013, at elevations of 300–600 meters. The species name refers to the resemblance of the flowers to those of Solanum species.

Research Institute for Development
The French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, or Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), is a French science and technology establishment under the joint supervision of the French Ministries of Higher Education and Research and Foreign Affairs. It operates internationally from its headquarters in Marseille, and two metropolitan centres of Montpellier and Bondy.
It was  created as the Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer or ORSTOM (Overseas Scientific and Technical Research Office) in 1943.
Rejuva
Rejuva is a gene therapy which is under development for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. It is an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy which involves an engineered variant of human insulin promotor and which aims to permanently increase nutrient-responsive secretion glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by pancreatic β-cells. The therapy is administered via a 25-gauge needle delivery system guided by endoscopic ultrasound in a one-time outpatient treatment. It is intended as a permanent alternative to GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide. Rejuva is under development by Fractyl Health and is in the preclinical research stage of development.

Beta cell
Beta cells (β-cells) are specialized endocrine cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans responsible for the production and release of insulin and amylin. Constituting ~50–70% of cells in human islets, beta cells play a vital role in maintaining blood glucose levels. Problems with beta cells can lead to disorders such as diabetes.
NBCC
NBCC may stand for:

National Black Catholic Congress

National Board for Certified Counselors

National Building Code of Canada

New Brunswick Community College

National Black Chamber of Commerce

National Book Critics Circle

National Breast Cancer Coalition

NBCC (India) Limited (National Buildings Construction Corporation),  Govt. of India

Nagaland Baptist Church Council

Nutty Blocc Compton Crips

National Board for Certified Counselors
The National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates (NBCC) is an international certifying organization for professional counselors in the United States. It is an independent, not-for-profit credentialing organization based in Greensboro, North Carolina. The purpose of the organization is to establish and monitor a national certification system for professional counselors, to identify certified counselors, and to maintain a register of them. NBCC also certifies Coaches through its affiliate Center for Credentialing and Education. Individuals may earn the Board Certified Coach credential through third party programs, including online programs in Life Coaching and Psychosynthesis Coaching.

NBCC has more than 66,000 certified counselors across the U.S. and in more than 40 countries. Its examinations for professional counselors are used by all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico to license counselors.
2000 Pepsi Southern 500
The 2000 Pepsi Southern 500 presented by Kmart, the 51st running of the event, was the 24th race of the 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. It was held at Darlington Raceway on September 3, 2000. The race was scheduled for 367 laps but was shortened to 328 laps due to rain. Bobby Labonte of Joe Gibbs Racing won the race.

Darrell Waltrip would lead his final Cup Series lap in his career on lap 48. Rick Mast would also lead a lap for the final time in his career on lap 304. The Mayfield-Marcis tango didn't bring out a caution. Mayfield thought he was clear out of 2, then got hooked in the wall by Marcis. Mayfield slid down the track, sparks flying, right-front tore up, but the green flag remained active.

Rick Mast
Richard Kenneth Mast (born March 4, 1957) is an American former NASCAR driver. He competed in both the Winston Cup and Busch Series, retiring in 2002. He holds a business administration degree from Blue Ridge Community College.
The Fantastic Swordsmen
The Fantastic Swordsmen is a 1967 anthology of fantasy short stories in the sword and sorcery subgenre, edited by American writer L. Sprague de Camp. It was first published in paperback by Pyramid Books. It was the third such anthology assembled by de Camp, following his earlier Swords and Sorcery (1963) and The Spell of Seven (1965). It has also been translated into German.

Jove Books
Jove Books, formerly known as Pyramid Books, is an American  paperback and eBook publishing imprint, founded as an independent paperback house in 1949 by Almat Magazine Publishers (also known as Almat Publishing Corporation) (Alfred R. Plaine and Matthew Huttner).  The company was sold to the Walter Reade Organization in the late 1960s.  It was acquired in 1974 by Harcourt Brace (which became Harcourt Brace Jovanovich) which renamed it to Jove in 1977 and continued the line as an imprint.  In 1979, they sold it to The Putnam Berkley Group, which is now part of the Penguin Group.
Gerry Chanda
Gerry Chanda (28 April 1946 – 11 July 2021) was a Zambian military pilot and politician. He served as Member of the National Assembly for Kanyama from 2008 until 2016 and held several ministerial positions.

National Assembly of Zambia
The National Assembly is Zambia's unicameral legislative body. Between 1972 and 1990, Zambia was a one-party state with the United National Independence Party (UNIP) as the sole legal party.

The current National Assembly, formed following elections held in 2021, has a total of 166 members. 156 members are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple plurality (or first-past-the-post) system. Eight additional seats are filled through presidential appointment. The Speaker, first deputy speaker and the Vice President are also granted a seat in the assembly.
2025 Aquatics GB Swimming Championships
The 2025 Aquatics GB Swimming Championships (sponsored by Speedo) were held at the London Aquatics Centre in London, from 15 April to 22 April 2025. They were organised by Aquatics GB, formerly British Swimming and was the second time the event had been held under the new name.

They also doubled as the trials for the 2025 World Aquatics Championships in Singapore. Swimmers who won their event beneath the Aquatics GB consideration time automatically booked their ticket to Singapore. In addition, aggregated times of the top four swimmers in a relay event could qualify a swimmer via a relay slot. All Olympic medallists also had automatic qualification in their event; in individual events this meant Ben Proud, Matt Richards and Duncan Scott, while the number also included James Guy and Tom Dean in relay events. Adam Peaty was likewise automatically qualified for the 100 metre breaststroke event as an Olympic medalist, but had previously announced his intention not to race in 2025.

Speedo
Speedo International Limited is an Australian-British distributor of swimwear and swim-related accessories based in Nottingham, England.

Founded in Sydney, Australia in 1914 by Alexander MacRae, a Scottish emigrant, the company is now a subsidiary of the British Pentland Group. Today, the Speedo brand can be found on products ranging from swimsuits and goggles to wristwatches. The Speedo brand was previously manufactured for and marketed in North America as Speedo USA by PVH, under an exclusive perpetual licence, which had acquired prior licensee Warnaco Group in 2013. In January 2020, the Pentland Group purchased back the rights from PVH for $170 million in cash, subject to regulatory approval.

In accordance with its Australian roots, Speedo uses a boomerang as its symbol. Due to its success in the swimwear industry, the word Speedo has become a very well-known trademark brand for racing bathing suits.
Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen
Parama: A Journey with Aparna Sen is a 2024 Indian documentary film directed by Suman Ghosh. It chronicles the career and life of filmmaker, actor, and cultural figure Aparna Sen, known for her contributions to Indian parallel cinema through films like 36 Chowringhee Lane (1981) and Parama (1985). The documentary premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam on 27 January 2024, in the Cinema Regained strand. It was released theatrically in India on 3 January 2025.

International Film Festival Rotterdam
International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) is an annual film festival held at the end of January in various locations in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, focused on independent and experimental films. The inaugural festival took place in June 1972, led by founder Huub Bals. IFFR also hosts CineMart and BoostNL for film producers to seek funding.
The Rockford Files season 2
The second season of The Rockford Files originally aired Fridays at 9:00-10:00 pm on NBC from September 12, 1975 to March 19, 1976.

The Mike Post and Pete Carpenter theme "The Rockford Files" won a Grammy for Best Instrumental Arrangement in 1975 and spent 4 months on the Billboard charts, peaking at #10.

Issac Hayes makes his first appearance as Jim Rockford's former cellmate, Grady, in season 2's episode "The Hammer of C Block."Other guest stars in season 2 included Linda Evans and Stefanie Powers.

Pete Carpenter
Clarence Edward "Pete" Carpenter (April 1, 1914 – October 18, 1987) was an American jazz trombonist, arranger, and veteran of television theme music sheet music. After a long career playing the trombone in bands and as a studio musician, Carpenter started working with composer Earle Hagen and writing music for television on shows like Bewitched (1964), Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. (1964), and The Andy Griffith Show (1966–1967).