hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ampleforth
Ampleforth is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 20 miles (32 km) north of York. The village is situated on the edge of the North York Moors National Park. The parish has a population of 883 according to the 2001 census, increasing to 1,345 at the 2011 Census, and includes Ampleforth College. The name Ampleforth means "the ford where the sorrel grows".

North York Moors
The North York Moors is an upland area and national park in North Yorkshire, England. It contains one of the largest expanses of heather moorland in the United Kingdom.

The area was designated a national park in 1952, through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The park covers an area of 554 sq mi (1,430 km2), and had a population of 22,935 at the 2021 census. It is administered by the North York Moors National Park Authority, which is based in Helmsley.
To Sail, to Sail
To Sail, to Sail is a studio album of acoustic guitar solos by English guitarist, composer and improvisor Fred Frith. It is Frith's first album of acoustic guitar solos and crosses musical borders with 16 tracks of classical, blues, folk and free improvisation. Frith dedicates each track to some of the important figures in his musical life, including Champion Jack Dupree, John Cage, Terry Riley, Daevid Allen, Barre Phillips and Davey Graham. The album was released on Tzadik Records' Key Series in 2008.

Daevid Allen
Christopher David "Daevid" Allen (13 January 1938 – 13 March 2015) was an Australian musician. He was co-founder of the Canterbury scene groups Soft Machine (in the UK, 1966) and Gong (in France, 1967).
Iznoskovsky District
Iznoskovsky District (Russian: Износковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,333.8 square kilometers (515.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Iznoski.  Population: 6,422 (2021 Census);7,011 (2010 Census); 7,868 (2002 Census); 8,502 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Iznoski accounts for 26.8% of the district's population.

Kaluga Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: Калу́жская о́бласть, romanized: Kaluzhskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904.
Karan Kaul
Karan Kaul (born 24 April 1990) is a Kenyan international cricketer who made his debut for the Kenya national team in 2011. He is a right-handed middle-order batsman.

Kaul was born in the Indian city of Dehradun, at the time of his birth located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, but now in Uttarakhand. He is of Kashmiri Pandit ancestry. A former Kenyan under-19s player, he made his senior debut for Kenya in July 2011, in a WCL Championship match against the United Arab Emirates. After his debut, Kaul did not return to the national team for over four years. He represented Kenya in a single match at the 2015 Africa T20 Cup, against South African provincial team South Western Districts, and made 18 runs from sixth in the batting order. He had earlier been named in Kenya's squad for the 2015 World Twenty20 Qualifier, but did not play a match.

In January 2018, he was named in Kenya's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament.

Kenya national cricket team
The Kenya men's national cricket team represents the Republic of Kenya in international cricket. Kenya is an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) which has Twenty20 International (T20I) status after the ICC granted T20I status to all its members.

They have been an associate member of the ICC since 1981. Since then they have played in five Cricket World Cups from 1996 to 2011 with their best result being a bronze medal finish as the semi-final appearance at the 2003 Cricket World Cup in Southern Africa. They have only qualified for one ICC World Twenty20 tournament, in 2007. The Kenyan national team is governed by Cricket Kenya.

Kenya gained One Day International (ODI) status in 1996 in preparation for the 1996 Cricket World Cup and would have it for eighteen years before losing it at the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier where they finished in the fifth place. Kenya is set to play the qualifiers round for the upcoming 2026 T20 World Cup.
Danish Defence Agreement 2018–2023
Danish Defence Agreement 2018–2023 (Danish: Forsvarsforlig 2018–2023) is the white paper for the military of Denmark in the period of 2018 to 2023. The agreement was signed 28 January 2018 by the government and Social Democrats, Dansk Folkeparti, and Social Liberal Party. It replaced the 2013–2017 Defence Agreement.

Karup
Karup is a town, with a population of 2,176 (1 January 2025), in Viborg Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located 24 km northeast of Herning, 34 km south of Skive and 23 southwest of Viborg.

Karup was the municipal seat of the former Karup Municipality until 1. January 2007.

Karup Church, a late Gothic longhouse in monk bricks to which was added a porch to the south in 1940, is located in the town.

Both the civilian airport Midtjyllands Airport and the military Air Base Karup are situated 3 km southwest of the town sharing the same runways.
Mandagucha
Mandagucha is a village located in Siran Valley, Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The village is on the route to one of the highest hilltops of the Himalaya series in Pakistan, Musa ka Musalla (13,500 feet above sea level), and has a cool climate. Mandaguchha is the last station that is reachable by car or public  transport. Mandagucha is a tribal community of agriculturalists.

Mansehra District
Mansehra District (Urdu, Hindko: ضلع مانسہرہ) is a district in the Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern Pakistan. The city of Mansehra serves as the headquarters of the district.

Mansehra was established as an independent district in 1976. It was previously a tehsil within the broader Hazara District. In 1993, a former subdivision of Mansehra, Battagram, was separated as an independent district. Similarly, in 2011, another subdivision of Mansehra, Kala Dhaka, was separated which is now known as Torghar District.

The area comprising present-day Mansehra District historically consisted of two regions: Pakhal, known as the country of the Swati tribe, and Tanawal, the territory of the Tanoli tribe. According to revenue records, historical accounts, and British gazetteers, following the conquest of Pakhal from the Turks in 1703, Swati clans settled across the region, establishing ownership of nearly all villages in the district.
Tylkowo
Tylkowo [tɨlˈkɔvɔ] (German: Scheufelsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pasym, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) west of Pasym, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Szczytno, and 23 km (14 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village has a population of 560.

Szczytno
Szczytno [ˈʂt͡ʂɨtnɔ] (German: Ortelsburg) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,013 inhabitants (2007). It is the seat of Szczytno County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship, within the ethnocultural region of Masuria.

Olsztyn-Mazury Regional Airport, located nearby, is the most important airport of the Masurian region. Szczytno is located on the Olsztyn – Ełk railway line and Szczytno – Ostrołęka line. Szczytno also had minor rail connections towards Czerwonka; however, these were later closed by Polish Railways.

Two lakes, Domowe Małe and Długie (also known as Domowe Duże), are located within the town limits.

Szczytno is a member of Cittaslow.
George McGee
George McGee (born October 7, 1935) is an American former professional football player who was a tackle with the Boston Patriots of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Southern Jaguars.

Southern Jaguars football
The Southern Jaguars are the college football team representing Southern University. The Jaguars play in NCAA Division I Football Championship as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The Jaguars started collegiate football in 1916, and played in the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference before joining the SWAC in 1934.

Every late November they play their last regular season game against in-state rival Grambling in the Bayou Classic in New Orleans, Louisiana. Another notable football rivalry, dubbed the "BoomBox Classic", is played against Jackson State yearly.
Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.

Haskerland
Haskerland (West Frisian: Haskerlân) is a former municipality in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands. The name was originally West Frisian, a compound of haske ('a type of grass') and lân ('land').

The municipality was dissolved on 1 January 1984 into Skarsterlân. In 2014, the municipality of Skarsterlân merged into De Fryske Marren.
Mostafa Madbouly
Mostafa Kamal Madbouly (born 28 April 1966) is an Egyptian politician who has served as the 54th prime minister of Egypt since 2018. He was appointed by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to succeed Sherif Ismail following his government's resignation in the wake of el-Sisi's re-election. Madbouly also served in Sherif Ismail's cabinet as minister of housing, and had also briefly served as acting prime minister.

Prime Minister of Egypt
The prime minister of Egypt (Arabic: رئيس مجلس الوزراء, romanized: raʾīs majlis al-wuzarāʾ), sometimes referred to as "President of the Government" and Minister-President of Egypt, is the head of the Egyptian government. A direct translation of the Egyptian Arabic-language title is "President of the Council of Ministers".

The prime minister is the holder of the second-highest office in Egypt, after the president of Egypt. The president appoints the prime minister but cannot dismiss them, only request their resignation. The Government of Egypt, including the prime minister, can be dismissed by the House of Representatives. Upon appointment, the prime minister proposes a list of ministers to the president. Decrees and decisions signed by the prime minister, like almost all executive decisions, are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system. Ministers defend the programmes of their ministries to the prime minister, who makes budgetary choices.
Nord-1
Nord-1 was Norsk Data's first minicomputer and the first commercially available computer made in Norway.

It was a 16-bit system, developed in 1967 from the Simulation for Automatic Machinery. The first Nord-1 (serial number 2) installed was at the heart of a complete ship system aboard a Japanese-built cargo liner, the Taimyr. The system included bridge control, power management, load condition monitoring, and the first ever computer-controlled, radar-sensed anti-collision system (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid). Taimyr's Nord-1 turned out reliable for the time, with more than a year between failures.

It was probably the first minicomputer to feature floating-point arithmetic equipment as standard, and had an unusually rich complement of hardware registers for its time. It also featured relative addressing, and a fully automatic context switched interrupt system. It was also the first minicomputer to offer virtual memory, offered as an option by 1969. It was succeeded by the Nord-10.

Automatic radar plotting aid
A marine radar with automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA) capability can create tracks using radar contacts. The system can calculate the tracked object's course, speed and closest point of approach (CPA), thereby knowing if there is a danger of collision with the other ship or landmass.

Development of ARPA started after 1956, when the Italian liner SS Andrea Doria collided with the MS Stockholm in dense fog and sank off the east coast of the United States.  ARPA radars started to emerge in the 1960s, with the development of microelectronics.  The first commercially available ARPA was delivered to the cargo liner MV Taimyr in 1969 and was manufactured by Norcontrol, now a part of Kongsberg Gruppen. ARPA-enabled radars are now available even for small yachts.
Owuo
Owuo is the abosom of Death in the Asante and Akan mythology of West Ghana and the Ewe, specifically the Krachi tribe of East Ghana and Togo. He is represented with the Adinkra symbol of a ladder. It is said that he was created by Odomankoma (could also be spelt Odomankama) just so he could kill humans (although, specifically for the Asante and Akan retelling, this attribute comes later during an altercation with Ta Kora, hinting that he might've been created before humans) and possibly other deities, such as Odomankoma himself. He signifies the termination of the creative process in the world, a reference to him killing Odomankoma, the Great Creator.

Cutlass
A cutlass is a short, broad sabre or slashing sword with a straight or slightly curved blade sharpened on the cutting edge and a hilt often featuring a solid cupped or basket-shaped guard. It was a former common naval weapon during the Age of Sail.
Clay County, Alabama
Clay County is a county in the east central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 14,236. Its county seat is Ashland. Its name is in honor of Henry Clay, famous American statesman, member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State in the 19th century. It was the last dry county in Alabama with no wet cities within its boundaries, until a vote on March 1, 2016, approved the sale of alcohol in Lineville and Ashland.

Dry county
In the United States, a dry county is a county whose local government forbids the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some prohibit off-premises sale, some prohibit on-premises sale, and some prohibit both. The vast majority of counties now permit the sale of alcohol in at least some circumstances, but some dry counties remain, mostly in the Southern United States; the largest number are in Arkansas, where 30 counties are dry.

A number of smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages and are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (in which alcohol sales are allowed and regulated) and "moist" (in which some sales of alcohol are permitted, or a dry county containing wet cities).
Henry Lapp
Henry L. Lapp (August 18, 1862 in Leacock, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania – July 5, 1904 in Gordonville) was one of the best known carpenters-cabinetmakers of nineteenth century America. The third of seven children, Lapp was born deaf, and it is believed that from an early age he painted pictures in order to communicate because he could not speak plainly. "His art became his speech," according to Merle Good, a collector quoted by The New York Times in 1980. Lapp's designs and colorful drawings have been saved for posterity in his "handbook",  which he must have carried with him to show samples of his cabinets to prospective clients. Experts point to Lapp's designs as the closest representation of what it is regarded as 19th-century Amish furniture style.

Since 1958, after receiving a gift from Titus Geesey, much of the work of Henry Lapp is being collected by the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Leacock Township, Pennsylvania
Leacock Township is an American township that is located in east central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population of the township was 5,652, an increase over the figure of 5,220 tabulated in 2010.
The Source (online service)
The Source (Source Telecomputing Corporation) was an early online service, one of the first such services to be oriented toward and available to the general public.

The Source was in operation from 1978 to 1989, when it was purchased by rival CompuServe and discontinued sometime thereafter. The Source's headquarters were located at 1616 Anderson Road, McLean, Virginia, 22102.

McLean, Virginia
McLean (/məˈkleɪn/ mə-KLAYN) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The community's population was 50,773 at the 2020 census. It is located between the Potomac River and Vienna within the Washington metropolitan area.

McLean is home to many wealthy residents, such as diplomats, military, members of Congress, and high-ranking government officials, partially due to its proximity to Washington, D.C., the Pentagon, and the Central Intelligence Agency. It is the location of Hickory Hill, the former home of Ethel Kennedy, the widow of Robert F. Kennedy. It is also the location of Salona, the former home of Light-Horse Harry Lee, the Revolutionary War hero.
Someone Else's Trouble Now
"Someone Else's Trouble Now" is a song written by Pam Tillis and Gary Nicholson, and recorded by American country music band Highway 101.  It was released in September 1990 as the only single from their Greatest Hits compilation album.  The song reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in December 1990.

Gary Nicholson (singer)
Gary Nicholson (born November 7, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer, known mainly for his work in country music and blues. He is a two-time Grammy winning producer and was inducted into the Texas Heritage Songwriter's Association Hall of Fame. Nicholson has more than 600 recordings and is best known for his work with Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Garth Brooks, George Strait, Ringo Starr, B. B. King, Fleetwood Mac and Billy Joe Shaver.
Hudson River (Georgia)
The Hudson River is a 49.5-mile-long (79.7 km) tributary of the Broad River in the U.S. state of Georgia. Via the Broad River, it is part of the Savannah River watershed.

The headwaters are in Banks County near the city of Homer. The Grove River feeds into the Hudson near the Franklin County line. The river then constitutes most of the southern border of Franklin County, separating it from Madison County. Nails Creek feeds into the river along this border, just before the Hudson itself feeds into the Broad River, south of the city of Franklin Springs.

Madison County, Georgia
Madison County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,120. The county seat is Danielsville. The county was created on December 5, 1811. The county's largest city is Comer with a population of 1,200. Madison County was included in the Athens–Clarke County metropolitan area, which is included in the Atlanta–Athens–Clarke County–Sandy Springs CSA.
Stein's example
In decision theory and estimation theory, Stein's example (also known as Stein's phenomenon or Stein's paradox) is the observation that when three or more parameters are estimated simultaneously, there exist combined estimators more accurate on average (that is, having lower expected mean squared error) than any method that handles the parameters separately. It is named after Charles Stein of Stanford University, who discovered the phenomenon in 1955.

An intuitive explanation is that optimizing for the mean-squared error of a combined estimator is not the same as optimizing for the errors of separate estimators of the individual parameters. In practical terms, if the combined error is in fact of interest, then a combined estimator should be used, even if the underlying parameters are independent. If one is instead interested in estimating an individual parameter, then using a combined estimator does not help and is in fact worse.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
23S rRNA (adenosine1067-2'-O)-methyltransferase
23S rRNA (adenosine1067-2'-O)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.230, 23S rRNA A1067 2'-methyltransferase, thiostrepton-resistance methylase, nosiheptide-resistance methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:23S rRNA (adenosine1067-2'-O)-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenosine1067 in 23S rRNA  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methyladenosine1067 in 23S rRNA

The methylase that is responsible for autoimmunity in the thiostrepton producer Streptomyces azureus.

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is the biosynthetic precursor to homocysteine.  SAH is formed by the demethylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Adenosylhomocysteinase converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine.
Pozzitive Television
Pozzitive Television is a production company formed by producers Geoff Posner and David Tyler in 1992. Pozzitive have won awards including six BAFTAs, two Golden Roses at Montreux, multiple British Comedy & RTS awards, seven Sony Awards and two International Emmys.

Radio Academy Awards
The Radio Academy Awards, started in 1983, were the most prestigious awards in the British radio industry. For most of their existence, they were run by ZAFER Associates, but in latter years were brought under the control of The Radio Academy.

The awards were generally referred to by the name of their first sponsor, Sony, as the Sony Awards, the Sony Radio Awards or other variations. In August 2013, Sony announced the end of its sponsorship agreement with the Radio Academy after 32 years. Consequently, the awards were simply named the Radio Academy Awards. In November 2014, it was announced that The Radio Academy would not be holding the awards in 2015, and would be looking for other ways to recognise achievement in the future.

The awards were relaunched in 2016 as the Audio & Radio Industry Awards (ARIAS).
Eumetcast
EUMETCast is a method of disseminating various (mainly satellite based) meteorological data operated by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The main purpose is the dissemination of EUMETSAT's own data, but various data from other providers are broadcast as well.
EUMETCast is a contribution to GEONETCast and IGDDS (WMO's Integrated Global Data Dissemination Service) and provides data for GEOSS and GMES.

Global Earth Observation System of Systems
The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) was built by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) on the basis of a 10-Year Implementation Plan running from 2005 to 2015. GEOSS seeks to connect the producers of environmental data and decision-support tools with the end users of these products, with the aim of enhancing the relevance of Earth observations to global issues. GEOSS aims to produce a global public infrastructure that generates comprehensive, near-real-time environmental data, information and analyses for a wide range of users. The Secretariat Director of Geoss is Barbara Ryan.