hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kurvelesh (region)
Kurvelesh is a region in southern Albania, within the Southern Mountain Range. In the region, which is divided into the communes of Brataj, Horë-Vranisht, Kurvelesh and Picar, fifteen villages are located. It is considered to be the heart of the larger Labëria region. The Kurvelesh region is inhabited by Lab Albanians. Traditionally neighbourhoods of local villages in the region had houses built as fortresses lacking windows on the ground floor while the blood feud used to be a common feature of the area. The people of Kurvelesh practised endogamy by intermarrying within the villages of the region.

Endogamy
Endogamy is the cultural practice of only marrying within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting any from outside of the group or belief structure as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Its opposite, exogamy, describes the social norm of marriage outside of the group.

Endogamy is common in many cultures and ethnic groups. Several religious and ethnic religious groups are traditionally more endogamous, although sometimes mating outside of the group occurs with the added dimension of requiring marital religious conversion. This permits an exogamous marriage, as the convert, by accepting the partner's religion, becomes accepted within the endogamous group. Endogamy may result in a higher rate of recessive gene–linked genetic disorders.
2004–05 Turkish Basketball League
The 2004–05 Turkish Basketball League was the 39th season of the top-tier professional basketball league in Turkey. The season started on October 22, 2004. Efes Pilsen won their twelfth national championship this season.

Ülker G.S.K.
Ülker Gençlik ve Spor Kulübü, commonly known as Ülker or Ülkerspor, was a Turkish professional basketball club that was based in Istanbul, Turkey. The club competed in the Turkish Basketball League. They played their home games at the Abdi İpekçi Arena.
Dane Bird-Smith
Dane Alex Bird-Smith (born 15 July 1992) is an Australian racewalking athlete. He competes in the 20 kilometres race walk, and has a best of 1:19:28 hours for the distance, set in 2017. He competed at the 2016 Rio Olympics, where he was the bronze medallist. Bird-Smith represented Australia at the World Championships in Athletics three times (2013, 2015, and 2017), and has appeared four times at the IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships/Cup.

He was the gold medallist at the Commonwealth Games in 2018, the Summer Universiade in 2015 and the Oceania Race Walking Championships in 2018 and 2014. He is the son of former Australian Olympic walker David Smith.

He holds the Oceanian continental records for the 3000 metres walk and 5000 metres walk. He is now playing AFL for the Wynnum Vikings.

FISU World University Games
The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.

The most recent summer event was the 2025 Summer World University Games held in Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany held from 16-27 July 2025, while the most recent winter event was the 2025 Winter World University Games held in Turin, Italy from 13 to 23 January 2025.
Warren Wisneski
Warren Anthony Wisneski (born 19 February 1969) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played three One Day Internationals in 2000.

An uncompromising "into the wind" opening or first-change bowler, and useful lower-order batsman, Wisneski played first-class cricket for Central Districts from 1992 to 1996, and for Canterbury from 1996 to 2004. His best first-class bowling figures were 7 for 151 for Canterbury against Auckland in 2000–01. In the Shell Trophy final in 1997–98, he scored 89 not out, setting a new record for a number 11 batsman in New Zealand first-class cricket; he and Lee Germon added 160 for the tenth wicket in 143 minutes.

He also played for Taranaki in the Hawke Cup. He retired from all cricket in 2004.

He was an important member of the relief teams in Christchurch immediately after the 2010 and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes.

Taranaki cricket team
The Taranaki cricket team represents the Taranaki Region of New Zealand. It is one of the 21 teams from around New Zealand that compete in the Hawke Cup.

Taranaki as a representative team played as early as 1877. The Taranaki Cricket Association was formed in Hāwera in March 1894, and its first annual meeting was held in Hāwera in September 1894. The clubs in the association at the time were Hawera, Hawera Star, New Plymouth, Clifton, Stratford, Unity and Opunake.
Gaius Julius Severus
Gaius Julius Severus was a Roman senator and aristocrat of the second century. He was suffect consul around the year 138.

Severus was a member of the ancient aristocracy of Asia Minor that persisted into Roman times. He claimed to have descended from Celtic and Macedonian Greek royalty, especially Attalus II, ruler of Galatia. More certainly, he was the son of Gaius Julius Quadratus. He is known to have a brother, Julius Amyntianus, and he is attested to have married Claudia Aquilla.

Attalus II Philadelphus
Attalus II Philadelphus (Greek: Ἄτταλος ὁ Φιλάδελφος, Attalos II Philadelphos, which means "Attalus the brother-loving"; 220–138 BC) was a ruler of the Attalid kingdom of Pergamon and the founder of the city of Attalia.
Matthew Reid (politician)
Matthew Reid (30 September 1856 – 28 August 1947) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.

Born in Ayrshire, he worked in London as a carpenter before migrating to Australia in 1887. He was active in the Carpenters' Union and was an organiser of the Australian Labour Federation from 1890. In 1893, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as the Labor member for Toowong. Defeated in 1896, he was elected as the member for Enoggera in 1899, serving until 1902. He served as President of the Queensland Labor Party in 1905, but left the party in 1909 to join the new Liberal Party.

In 1917, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Nationalist Senator for Queensland. He remained a Senator until his retirement in 1934, by which time he was a member of the United Australia Party, successor to the Nationalist Party.

Reid died in 1947, aged 90.

Nationalist Party (Australia)
The Nationalist Party, also known as the National Party, was an Australian political party. It was formed in February 1917 from a merger between the Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the latter formed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes and his supporters after the 1916 Labor Party split over World War I conscription. The Nationalist Party was established as a 'united' non-Labor opposition that had remained a political trend once the Labor party established itself in federal politics. The party  was in government (from 1923 in coalition with the Country Party) until electoral defeat in 1929. From that time it was the main opposition to the Labor Party until it merged with pro-Joseph Lyons Labor defectors to form the United Australia Party (UAP) in 1931. The party is a direct ancestor of the Liberal Party of Australia, the main centre-right party in Australia.
Claudia Parsons
Claudia Sydney Maia Parsons (15 August 1900 – 5 June 1998) was a British engineer, writer and traveller. One of the first three women to graduate as engineers in England, she also wrote several books and was the first woman to circumnavigate the world by car.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Nikolayevka, Blagoveshchensky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Nikolayevka (Russian: Николаевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 668 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Blagoveshchensky District, Bashkortostan
Blagoveshchensky District (Russian: Благове́щенский райо́н; Bashkir: Благовещен районы, romanized: Blagoveşçen rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northern central part of the republic and borders with Karaidelsky District in the north, Nurimanovsky District in the east, Ufimsky District in the south, Kushnarenkovsky District in the southwest, Birsky District in the west, and with Mishkinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,250 square kilometers (870 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Blagoveshchensk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 15,497.
Echo answer
In linguistics, an echo answer or echo response is a way of answering a polar question without using words for yes and no.  The verb used in the question is simply echoed in the answer, negated if the answer has a negative truth-value.  For example:

"Did you go to the cinema?" (or "Didn't you go to the cinema?")

"I did not." or "I didn't go."

Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). Truth values are used in computing as well as various types of logic.
St Mary Magdalene's Church, Stapleford
St Mary Magdalene's Church is a redundant Anglican church near the village of Stapleford, Leicestershire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  It is situated in the grounds of Stapleford Park.

Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust is a registered charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk in England. The charity cares for over 350 churches of architectural, cultural and historic significance, which have been transferred into its care by the Church of England.

The Trust works to prevent any deterioration in the condition of the buildings in its care, and to ensure they are in use as community assets. Local communities are encouraged to use them for activities and events, and the buildings provide an educational resource, allowing children and young people to study history, architecture and other subjects.

Most of the churches saved from closure are Grade I or Grade II* listed. Many are open to visitors as heritage sites, and nearly 2 million people visit the Trust's churches each year. The majority of the churches remain consecrated, though they are not used for regular worship.
Ninety Nine (restaurant chain)
The Ninety Nine Restaurant & Pub, also known as The Nines, is a chain of casual dining restaurants in the Northeastern United States. It is headquartered in Woburn, Massachusetts, with 97 locations (as of May 2023) in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
Oman–Somalia relations
Oman–Somalia relations refer to foreign relations between Oman and Somalia. Both nations are Arab League & Organisation of Islamic Cooperation members and maintain relations. The two nations enjoy a large degree of cultural similarities and share maritime borders in the Arabian Sea.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Jack Manson
John Manson (born March 17, 1926) is a Canadian former ice hockey player with the Edmonton Mercurys. As a member of the Mercurys, he won the gold medal at the 1950 World Ice Hockey Championships in London, England. The 1950 Edmonton Mercurys was inducted to the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame in 2011. Manson also played with the Lethbridge Maple Leafs and Edmonton Flyers.

Manson later worked as a bricklayer and as a sales manager for a paper products company. In 2003, he was residing near Pigeon Lake, Alberta and was writing a book on the history of the area.

Bricklayer
A bricklayer, which is related to but different from a mason, is a craftsperson and tradesperson who lays bricks to construct brickwork. The terms also refer to personnel who use blocks to construct blockwork walls and other forms of masonry. In British and Australian English, a bricklayer is colloquially known as a "brickie". A stone mason is one who lays any combination of stones, cinder blocks, and bricks in construction of building walls and other works. Bricklaying is a part of masonry.

Bricklaying may also be enjoyed as a hobby. For example, the former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill did bricklaying as a hobby.

Bricklayers occasionally enter competitions where both speed and accuracy are judged. The largest is the "Spec-Mix Bricklayer 500" held annually in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
USS Selfridge
USS Selfridge is the name of two ships in the United States Navy.

USS Selfridge (DD-320), a Clemson-class destroyer which served after World War I until 1930.

USS Selfridge (DD-357), a Porter-class destroyer which served in World War II and was involved in the Attack on Pearl Harbor.

USS Selfridge (DD-357)
USS Selfridge (DD-357) was a Porter-class destroyer in the United States Navy. She was named for Rear Admiral Thomas O. Selfridge (1804–1902) and his son, Thomas O. Selfridge Jr. (1836–1924). She was the second ship named Selfridge, the first being a Clemson-class destroyer that served in World War I.

Selfridge was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation at Camden in New Jersey on 18 December 1933, launched on 18 April 1936 and commissioned at Philadelphia on 25 November 1936.
Federico Paris
Federico Paris (born 9 November 1969) is an Italian former professional track cyclist. He won the tandem at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships three times; in 1990 and 1992 with Gianluca Capitano, and in 1993 with Roberto Chiappa. He also won bronze medals in the event in 1989 and 1994, in addition to bronze medals in the keirin in 1994 and 1995.

His daughter Laura competes in rhythmic gymnastics.

He now works as a cycling official and for several years was the technical director of the Italian national sprint team.

UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's tandem
The UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's tandem is the defunct world championship tandem event that was held annually at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships between 1966 and 1994. Czechoslovakia won with 9 titles the most times.

At the 1900 championships a tandem event was organized. This race has never been officially recognized. The Dutch duo Harrie Meyers-Fernando Tomaselli won ahead of the French duo Edmond Jacquelin-Lucien Louvet and the French-American duo Charles Vanoni-Robert Protin. Because the race was not official the medalists are not listed here.
Mycolactone
Mycolactone is a polyketide-derived macrolide produced and secreted by a group of very closely related pathogenic mycobacteria species including M. ulcerans, M. liflandii (an unofficial designation), M. pseudoshottsii, and some strains of M. marinum. These mycobacteria are collectively referred to as mycolactone-producing mycobacteria or MPM.

In humans, mycolactone is the toxin responsible for Buruli ulcers, doing so by damaging tissues and inhibiting the immune response.

Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium marinum is a slow growing fresh and saltwater mycobacterium (SGM) belonging to the genus Mycobacterium and the phylum Actinobacteria. It was formerly known as Mycobacterium balnei. The strain marinum was first identified by Joseph D. Aronson in 1926 and it is observed as a pathogenic mycobacterium causing tuberculosis-like infections in fish (mycobacteriosis) and skin lesions in humans. The bacteria grows optimally at a temperature around 30 °C.
The Frank Sinatra Timex Show: An Afternoon With Frank Sinatra
The Frank Sinatra Timex Show: An Afternoon With Frank Sinatra is a 1959 television special starring Sinatra and special guest Ella Fitzgerald, which aired December 13 on ABC. It was the second in a series of four hour-long, Timex-sponsored specials Sinatra would host for the network that season, airing at roughly two-month intervals. Other guests featured in this installment were vibraphonist Red Norvo and his combo, dancer Juliet Prowse, actress Hermione Gingold, and actor/fellow Rat Packer Peter Lawford.

Timex Group
Timex Group B.V., or Timex Group, is an American–Dutch holding company headquartered in Hoofddorp, the Netherlands and Middlebury, Connecticut. It is the corporate parent of several global watchmaking companies including Timex Group USA, Inc., TMX Philippines, Inc., and Timex Group India Ltd. In 2020, the Boston-based investment firm Baupost Group took ownership of Timex Group.
Eric James Denton
Sir Eric James Denton CBE FRS (30 September 1923 – 2 January 2007) was a British marine biologist who won the Royal Society's Royal Medal in 1987.

Denton was born in Bentley, South Yorkshire. He was educated at Doncaster Grammar School and St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with an Ordinary degree in Physics, before pursuing biophysics research at University College London. He was subsequently a lecturer in Physiology at the University of Aberdeen, and then a physiologist at the Marine Biological Association Laboratory in Plymouth. From 1974 to 1987 he was the Director of the Marine Biological Association Laboratory.

Denton died in St Just, Cornwall on 2 January 2007.

Royal Medal
The Royal Medal, also known as The Queen's Medal and The King's Medal (depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award), is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the British Royal Society. Two are given for "the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge," and one for "distinguished contributions in the applied sciences", all of which are done within the Commonwealth of Nations.
Namsangol Hanok Village
Namsangol Hanok Village (Korean: 남산골한옥마을) is a recreated village of historical Korean buildings in Pil-dong, Jung District, Seoul, South Korea. The village contains several Korean traditional houses called hanok.

The Namsangol Hanok Village offers one the opportunity to experience a wide cross-section of Joseon-era citizenry and activities, from royalty to commoners. A great effort has been made to accurately furnish each dwelling with appropriate era and social status appointments.

Admission is free, although it is closed on Tuesdays. It is close to Chungmuro Station at the intersection of Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 3 and Line 4.

Chungmuro station
Chungmuro Station is a station on Line 3 and Line 4 of the Seoul Subway system. Platforms for both Line 3 and Line 4 are located in Chungmuro-4-ga, Jung District, Seoul.

This station is named after the road under which it passes, in honor of the Chosun general Yi Sunsin, who was also known by the title of Chungmugong.
Wolak
Wolak is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ewa Wolak (born 1960), Polish politician

Marsha Wolak (born 1958), American poker player and tennis player

Paweł Wolak (born 1981), Polish boxer

Robert Wolak (born 1955), Polish mathematician

Marsha Wolak
Marsha Bladel Wolak (born September 6, 1958) is an American professional poker player and a former international tennis player.

A native of Rock Island, Illinois, Wolak competed on the tennis tour in the 1980s. She beat Sherry Acker to make the second round of the 1982 U.S. Clay Court Championships and in 1983 featured in the qualifying draws for the French Open and Wimbledon.

Wolak was the World Series of Poker ladies champion in 2011, earning $192,344.
Charles Toppin (Worcestershire cricketer)
Charles Graham "Tim" Toppin (17 April 1906 – 20 May 1972) was an English first-class cricketer who played in four matches for Worcestershire in the late 1920s.

Toppin was educated at Malvern College in Worcestershire. He was blinded in one eye by a blow from a cricket ball when he was 14.

A hard-hitting batsman, Toppin scored only 17 runs in his four games for Worcestershire, but had a long and successful club cricket career for Blackheath, The Arabs, Old Malvernians and other clubs. He appeared in a single-innings 12-a-side match for Blackheath against the touring Indians in 1932.

A number of his relatives played first-class cricket. His father, also Charles, played for Cambridge University in the 1880s; three uncles (Arthur Day, Sam Day and Sydney Day) played for Kent; his brother John Toppin appeared once for Worcestershire; and his brother-in-law Basil Brooke had two games for the Royal Navy.

Royal Navy Cricket Club
The Royal Navy Cricket Club is a cricket team representing the British Royal Navy and based at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, Hampshire. The club was formed in 1863, although cricket is recorded as having been played by seamen since at least the 17th century.

Between 1912 and 1929 some of the Navy's matches had first-class status, particularly those against other branches of the services, although they also played Cambridge University, MCC, and - in 1927 - the touring New Zealanders. Additionally, in both 1910 and 1911 a combined Army and Navy side played a first-class fixture against a combined Oxford and Cambridge side.

The inter-services competition against the Army and RAF still continues, although it no longer has first-class status. Another competition, the Navy Cup, is competed for within the Navy itself. In the 21st century, the Navy has also set up a women's cricket team.