hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constâncio Vaz Guimarães
Constâncio Vaz Guimarães (c. 1886 – c. 1968) was a Brazilian lawyer, tax attorney, athlete, and sports administrator. He is recognized for his contributions to the development of athletics and sports infrastructure in São Paulo, as well as his involvement in sports programs in Brazil. Vaz Guimarães was also a decathlete and represented the Club Athletico Paulistano in São Paulo.

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
Isinglass (horse)
Isinglass (1890–1911) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career which lasted from 1892 until 1895 he ran twelve times and won eleven races. He was the best British two-year-old of 1892 and went on to become sixth winner of the English Triple Crown by winning the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket, The Derby and the St. Leger Stakes at Doncaster in the following year. He was undefeated in his last two seasons, setting a world record for prize money and gaining recognition from contemporary experts as one of the best horses seen in England up to that time.

Ascot Gold Cup
51°24′43.8″N 0°40′45.3″W﻿ / ﻿51.412167°N 0.679250°W﻿ / 51.412167; -0.679250

The Gold Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 2 miles 3 furlongs and 210 yards (4,014 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

It is Britain's most prestigious event for "stayers" – horses which specialise in racing over long distances. It is traditionally held on the third day of the Royal Ascot meeting, which is known colloquially (but not officially) as Ladies' Day. Contrary to popular belief, the actual title of the race does not include the word "Ascot".
AIR Awards of 2022
The 2022 AIR Awards is the sixteenth annual Australian Independent Record Labels Association Music Awards ceremony (generally known as the AIR Awards). It took place on 4 August 2022 in Adelaide.

The nominations were revealed on 18 May 2022 with all material being released in 2021.

Owusu won three awards from three nominations. In a video acceptance speech after winning Independent Album of the Year, Owusu said, "I poured everything that I had into the making of this album, simply for my own sanity and mental well-being, so the fact that it's being recognised by so many young people globally and industry-wise is insane to me. And I'm humble and grateful for it."

The late Warren Costello was honoured with the 2022 Outstanding Achievement Award, being recognised for his more than 30 years spent supporting independent artists and labels, including time spent as the managing director for Liberation Music.

Liberation Music
Liberation Records, formerly Liberation Music, was an Australian record company and label, started in 1999 by Michael Gudinski and Warren Costello, based in Melbourne. Its stated business aim is to "find, nurture and then to develop new talent for a world market while remaining independent in the process".

Liberation has a sub-label called Liberator Music, which is a distributor for foreign artists and labels such as Childish Gambino, Glassnote Records, BMG Rights Management, and Ipecac Recordings.

Liberation Records was merged into Mushroom Music in 2024.
Forsinard Flows National Nature Reserve
Forsinard Flows is a national nature reserve (NNR) covering much of the area surrounding Forsinard in the Highland council area of Scotland. It lies at the heart of the Flow Country, a large, rolling expanse of peatland and wetland area of Caithness and Sutherland that makes up almost 5% of the world's blanket bog. The reserve is managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), and is designated a Category II protected area by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Much of the NNR overlaps with the designated area of the Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands Special Protection Area and Special Area of Conservation.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Sphenophorus venatus
Sphenophorus venatus, the hunting billbug, is a species of beetle in the family Dryophthoridae. It is found in Central America and North America, while it has been spread in the Balkans and Eastern Mediterranean.

Dryophthorinae
Dryophthorinae is a weevil subfamily within the family Curculionidae. While it is not universally accepted as distinct from other curculionid subfamilies, at least one major recent revision elevated it to family rank, as Dryophthoridae
Halzoun
Halzoun (Arabic:حلزون) is the local name of a buccopharyngeal infection occurring in Lebanon, probably caused by Linguatula serrata, a member of  pentastomida larvae. The parasite wanders into the throat of the human host after ingestion of infected raw liver or lymph nodes from sheep or goats. The word Halzoun means "Snail" in Arabic.

Halzoun is considered to be a form of infection with Fasciola, whereby ingestion of infected raw sheep and goat livers may result in the attachment of adult living worms by their suckers to the pharyngeal mucosa causing edema of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx. This edema is accompanied by dyspnea (shortness of breath) and occasionally asphyxia.
Other attributions include Dicrocoelium dendriticum or Fasciola hepatica.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
Burgaw station
Burgaw Depot is a historic train station located at Burgaw, Pender County, North Carolina. It was built about 1850 by the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, with a later 1898 T-shaped addition of passenger waiting rooms and offices and a 1916-1917 addition of freight and warehouse space.  It is a long one-story rectangular frame building sheathed in a combination of lap and board and batten siding, and resting on cement, brick and wooden foundations.  It is one of only two known surviving antebellum depots in North Carolina; the other is located at Selma, North Carolina.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.  It is located in the Burgaw Historic District.

Selma, North Carolina
Selma is a town in Johnston County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Selma had a population of 6,317. Selma is part of the Raleigh-Durham-Cary combined statistical area. The area has a population over 1.7 million residents, though the town of Selma is able to maintain its rural character. The Everitt P. Stevens House, located in Selma, was the site of the last Grand Review of the Confederate Army held on April 6, 1865, after its defeat at the Battle of Bentonville.
Ekarma
Ekarma (Russian: Экарма; Japanese 越渇磨島; Ekaruma-tō) is an uninhabited volcanic island near the center of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean,  separated from Shiashkotan Island by the Ekarma Strait. Its name is derived from the Ainu language, from “safe anchorage”.

Volcanic island
Geologically, a volcanic island is an island of volcanic origin. The term high island can be used to distinguish such islands from low islands, which are formed from sedimentation or the uplifting of coral reefs (which have often formed on sunken volcanoes).
Silkin
Silkin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Silkin (1923–1987), British politician

Jon Silkin (1930–1997), British poet

Lewis Silkin, 1st Baron Silkin (1889–1972), British politician

Samuel Silkin, Baron Silkin of Dulwich (1918–1988), British politician

Sergei Silkin (born 1961), Russian football player and coach

Samuel Silkin
Samuel Charles Silkin, Baron Silkin of Dulwich (6 March 1918 – 17 August 1988) was a British Labour Party politician and cricketer. He was the MP for Dulwich from 1964 to 1983, and served as Attorney General for England and Wales from 1974 to 1979.
John Burton Cleland
Sir John Burton Cleland CBE (22 June 1878 – 11 August 1971) was a renowned Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist. He was Professor of Pathology at the University of Adelaide and was consulted on high-level police inquiries, such as the famous Taman Shud Case in 1948 and later. He also studied the transmission of dengue virus by the mosquito Stegomyia fasciata (Aedes aegypti).

Aedes aegypti
Aedes aegypti (/ˈiːdiːz eɪˈdʒɪpti/; US: /eɪdz -, ˈeɪdiːz -/; from Ancient Greek  αηδής (aēdḗs) 'unpleasant' and Latin  aegyptī 'Egyptian') – sometimes called the Egyptian mosquito, dengue mosquito, or yellow fever mosquito – is a mosquito that spreads diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, and chikungunya. The mosquito can be recognized by black and white markings on its legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax. The mosquito is native to north Africa, but is now a common invasive species that has spread to tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions throughout the world.
The Hits: Reloaded
The Hits: Reloaded is a studio album by the band Kool & the Gang issued in 2004 by Edel Records. It contains re-recorded versions of their songs in collaboration with other artists. The LP reached No. 19 on the Swiss albums chart, No. 21 on the UK R&B Albums Chart, No. 26 on both the Italian and German album charts and No. 30 on the French albums chart.

Three singles were released to promote the album. "Ladies' Night" featuring Atomic Kitten, "Fresh" featuring Liberty X and "Get Down on It" featuring Blue and Lil' Kim.

Edel SE & Co. KGaA
Edel SE & Co. KGaA is a German independent media company based in Hamburg. As a label and publishing group, it also operates marketing and sales for artists and smaller music labels. The repertoire of the Edel labels includes dance, rock and pop music to classical music and a children's catalogue. In addition to the development and marketing of music, the group also deals with the production, logistics and distribution of CDs, DVDs, vinyl records, and books at the production site of the subsidiary optimal media GmbH in Röbel/Müritz as well as with services in the online and book business.
Felbecke
Felbecke is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the district Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The locality Felbecke has 150 inhabitants and lies in the west of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 391 m. The river Werde flows through the village. In the village centre the Landesstraße 737 meets the Kreisstraße 31. Felbecke borders on the villages of Selkentrop, Oberberndorf, Werpe, Werntrop and Wormbach.

The village used to belong to the municipality of Wormbach in Amt Schmallenberg until the end of 1974.

Kreisstraße
A Kreisstraße (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁaɪsˌʃtʁaːsə], lit. 'district road' or 'county road') is a class of road in Germany. It carries traffic between the towns and villages within a Kreis or district or between two neighbouring districts. In importance, the Kreisstraße ranks below a Landesstraße (or, in Bavaria and Saxony, a Staatstraße, i.e. a state road), but above a Gemeindestraße or "local road". Kreisstraßen are usually the responsibility of the respective rural district (Landkreis) or urban district (Kreisfreie Stadt), with the exception of high streets through larger towns and villages. Kreisstraßen are usually dual-lane roads but, in a few cases, can be built as limited-access dual carriageways in densely populated areas.
Nika Osipova
Nika Kirillovna Osipova (Russian: Ника Кирилловна Осипова; born 2 February 2001) is a Russian-born pair skater. Competing for the Netherlands with Dmitry Epstein, she is a two time Dutch national champion (2021, 2023). They made their competitive debut in February 2021.

Osipova formerly represented Russia with Aleksandr Galliamov as a junior during the 2016–2017 skating season. Together, they won the Volvo Open Cup in November 2016.

Volvo Open Cup
The Volvo Open Cup is an annual international figure skating competition held in Riga, Latvia. In some years, the event is part of the ISU Challenger Series. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Ernesto Prinoth
Ernesto Prinoth (15 April 1923 – 26 November 1981) was a racing driver from Italy, and founder of Prinoth AG, manufacturer of snow grooming vehicles and equipment.

Prinoth started in Formula One in 1961 with his Lotus 18, racing in various non-Championship events, securing podium finishes in two relatively minor races. He entered the 1962 Italian Grand Prix with backing from Scuderia Jolly Club but failed to qualify, and this was his only attempt at a World Championship Formula One event. He returned in 1963 for two more Formula One races, all his appearances being at the wheel of the same car.

Prinoth's son Erich was also a racing driver, and competed in the Ferrari Challenge.

1962 Italian Grand Prix
The 1962 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 16 September 1962. It was race 7 of 9 in both the 1962 World Championship of Drivers and the 1962 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 86-lap race was won by BRM driver Graham Hill after he started from second position. His teammate Richie Ginther finished second and Cooper driver Bruce McLaren came in third.
Richard J. Samuels
Richard J. Samuels (born November 2, 1951) is an American academic, political scientist, author, Japanologist, Ford International Professor of Political Science the former Director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Japanese studies
Japanese studies or Japan studies (Japanese: 日本学, Hepburn: Nihongaku), sometimes known as Japanology in Europe, is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science.

The historical roots of Western Japanese studies may be traced back to the Dutch traders based at Dejima, Nagasaki during the Edo period (1603–1867). The foundation of the Asiatic Society of Japan at Yokohama in 1872 by Western scholars such as Ernest Satow and Frederick Victor Dickins was an important event in the development of Japanese studies as an academic discipline.
Sandra Nikčević
Sandra Nikčević (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Сандра Никчевић, born 16 November 1984) is a Montenegrin former handballer, who played for the Montenegrin national team.

She was part of the Montenegrin team that won their first ever international title at the 2012 European Women's Handball Championship.

She was in Croatia with RK Podravka Vegeta (2010–11), in Hungary with Alcoa FKC (2011–12) and Ipress Center-Vác (2013–14), in Russia with HC Astrakhanochka (2012–13) before she moved to Turkey to play in the 2011–12 season of the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for the Rize-based Ardeşen GSK. In August 2015, she transferred to Osmangazi Belediyespor in Bursa.

Rize
Rize (Turkish pronunciation: [ɾi'ze]; Greek: Ριζούντα, romanized: Rizoúnta; Laz: რიზინი, romanized: Rizini; Georgian: რიზე) is a coastal city in the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Rize Province and Rize District. Its population is 119,828 (2021). Rize is a typical Turkish provincial capital with little in the way of nightlife or entertainment. Since the border with Georgia was opened in the early 1990s, the Black Sea coast road has been widened and the town is much wealthier than it used to be. Current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's family has its roots in Rize and the local university is named after him. The city is linked by road with Trabzon (41 miles [66 km] west), Hopa (55 miles [88 km] east on the Georgian border, and Erzurum (south). The Rize–Artvin Airport started operating in 2022.
GSIF
GSIF is a proprietary protocol and API between the TASCAM GigaStudio software (a virtual audio sampling device) and the soundcard connected to the computer. It is not known exactly what the initials stand for; it most likely means GigaSampler InterFace. GigaStudio having an important user base, it is supported by many soundcards manufacturer, although it is hardly as popular as the de facto standard, Steinberg's ASIO. It is recommended to install GSIF drivers only if the computer software actually requires GSIF software.

The focus in GSIF is to lower the latency in audio transactions whereas GSIF2 additionally provides audio routing capabilities between software and soundcard.

Since GigaStudio is (currently) a Windows-only software, GSIF is a Windows-only protocol.

TASCAM
TASCAM is the professional audio division of TEAC Corporation, headquartered in Tokyo Japan. TASCAM established the Home Recording phenomenon by creating the "Project Studio" and is credited as the inventor of the Portastudio, the first cassette-based multi-track home studio recorders.  TASCAM also introduced the  first low-cost mass-produced multitrack recorders with Simul-Sync designed for recording musicians, and manufactured reel-to-reel tape machines and audio mixers for home recordists from the early 1970s through the mid-1990s. Since the early 00's, TASCAM has been an early innovator in the field-recording and audio accompaniment to video with their DR-series recording platforms. TASCAM celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2021.

TASCAM tape Portastudios were cited by Reverb.com as one of the top used gear pieces to increase in value in 2020, with original units jumping 30-65% over their price two years prior.
Masala (2013 film)
Masala is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film written and directed by K. Vijaya Bhaskar. It is produced by D. Suresh Babu and Sravanthi Ravi Kishore on Suresh Productions and Sri Sravanthi Movies. The film stars Venkatesh, Ram Pothineni, Anjali and Shazahn Padamsee with music composed by S. Thaman. It is a remake of the 2012 Hindi film Bol Bachchan  The film released worldwide on 14 November 2013.  Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics with appreciation to the cast performances.

D. Suresh Babu
Daggubati Suresh Babu (born 24 December 1958) is an Indian film producer, studio owner and  film distributor who serves as the managing director of Suresh Productions. He is the elder brother of popular telugu actor Venkatesh and father of another popular actor Rana Daggubati. In 2012, he received the Andhra Pradesh state Nagireddy–Chakrapani National Award for his contribution to popular cinema.

He has produced several Telugu-language films under Suresh Productions banner including Bobbili Raja, Coolie No.1, Preminchukundam Raa, Ganesh, Kalisundam Raa, Jayam Manade Raa, Nuvvu leka nenu lenu, Malliswari, Tulasi, Drushyam and Gopala Gopala.
Eldon Davis
Eldon Carlyle Davis (February 2, 1917 – April 22, 2011) was an American architect, considered largely responsible for the creation of Googie architecture, a form of modern architecture originating in Southern California. Googie architecture is largely influenced by Southern California's car culture and the Space Age of the mid-20th century. Davis was a founding partner of the Armet & Davis architectural firm which championed Googie architecture, including the original Norms Restaurant, a Googie coffee shop designed by Davis. For his work, the Los Angeles Times called Davis, "the father of the California coffee shop."

Architectural firm
In the United States, an architectural firm or architecture firm is a business that employs one or more licensed architects and practices the profession of architecture; while in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and other countries, an architectural firm is a company or partnership that offers architectural services.
Konzerthaus Berlin
The Konzerthaus Berlin is a concert hall in Berlin, the home of the Konzerthausorchester Berlin. Situated on the Gendarmenmarkt square in the central Mitte district of the city, it was originally built as a theater. It initially operated from 1818 to 1821 under the name of the Schauspielhaus Berlin, then as the Theater am Gendarmenmarkt and Komödie. It became a concert hall after the Second World War, and its name changed to its present one in 1994.

The Konzerthausorchester Berlin is the resident orchestra of the Konzerthaus Berlin. The concert hall also hosts Young Euro Classic every summer, an international festival of youth orchestras.

Gerhart Hauptmann
Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (German: [ˈɡeːɐ̯haʁt ˈhaʊptman] ⓘ; 15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into his work as well. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1912.
Fathimath Ibrahim Didi
Princess Fathimath Ibrahim Didi (Dhivehi: ފާޠިމަތު އިބްރާހީމް ދީދީ; 1918 – 5 February 2008) was a member of the royal family of Maldives. She served as the Speaker of the Senate of the Maldives, During the presidency of President Amin Didi, Goma was the first female minister of the Maldives.

Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI
Sultan Haji Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI Iskandar was the sultan of the Maldives from 1893 to 1902. Sultan Imaaduddeen was born on 25 October 1868 to Prince Hassan Izzuddeen and Maandhoogey Dhon Didi. He was the younger half brother of Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen II [Kuda Bandaarain] and the grandson of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddeen IV of the Maldive islands. Despite being the eldest son of the latter, his father Prince Hassan Izzuddeen was removed from the line of succession on account of his blindness.

Sultan Imaaduddeen VI ascended the throne on 20 July 1893. After his Hajj pilgrimage he became famous with the name as Haji Imaadudeen. He spoke fluent Urdu and Arabic. Sultan Imaaduddeen VI went to Egypt to marry his fiancé Sharifaa Hanim, and while he was there he was deposed from the throne.

He died on 30 September 1932 and was buried in Cairo, the capital of Egypt.