hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philodendron stenolobum
Philodendron stenolobum is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. It is native to Espírito Santo, Brazil. A epiphytic subshrub, it is typically found in the wet tropical biome, but along with other members of its subgenus Meconostigma it is believed to have originated in the Cerrado.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Phosphoadenylylsulfatase
In enzymology, a phosphoadenylylsulfatase (EC 3.6.2.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + H2O  adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and H2O, whereas its two products are adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and sulfate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in sulfonyl-containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate sulfohydrolase. Other names in common use include 3-phosphoadenylyl sulfatase, 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate sulfatase, PAPS sulfatase, and 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate sulfohydrolase. This enzyme participates in sulfur metabolism. It employs one cofactor, manganese.

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
High Raise (Langdale)
High Raise is a fell in the Central Fells of the English Lake District, not to be confused with another High Raise situated in the Far Eastern Fells. High Raise is one of the least spectacular mountains in the district; but with a height of 762 metres (2,500 ft) it is the highest point in the central fells of Lakeland.

High Raise is in fact commonly regarded as the most central mountain in the district and this position gives a fine viewpoint to admire the surrounding mountains and beyond. All of England's 3,000-foot (910-metre) mountains (Skiddaw, Helvellyn and the Scafells) can be well seen from the summit while the more distant views include the Three Peaks in the Yorkshire Dales at 37 miles (60 km) and Morecambe Bay at 25 miles (40 km).

Yorkshire Three Peaks
The mountains of Whernside (736 m or 2,415 ft), Ingleborough (723 m or 2,372 ft) and Pen-y-ghent (694 m or 2,277 ft) are collectively known as the
Three Peaks. The peaks, which form part of the
Pennine range, encircle the head of the valley of the River Ribble in the Yorkshire Dales National Park in the North of England.
National Cable & Telecommunications Ass'n v. Brand X Internet Services
National Cable & Telecommunications Association v. Brand X Internet Services, 545 U.S. 967 (2005), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that decisions by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on how to regulate Internet service providers are eligible for Chevron deference, in which the judiciary defers to an administrative agency's expertise under its governing statutes. The case concerned routine regulatory processes at the FCC and applied to interpretations of the Communications Act of 1934 and Telecommunications Act of 1996, but the ruling also served as an important but indirect precedent on the matter of regulating network neutrality in the United States, While the precedent still holds for general FCC policy processes, it has become less influential for network neutrality due to subsequent changes in the judiciary's attitudes toward deferring to the agency's expertise.

Judicial deference
Judicial deference is the condition of a court yielding or submitting its judgment to that of another legitimate party, such as the executive branch in the case of national defense. It is most commonly found in countries, such as the United Kingdom, which lack an entrenched constitution, as the essential purpose of such documents is to limit the power of the legislature.
Isaac Coffin
Major-General Sir Isaac Campbell Coffin KCSI (bap. 24 August 1801 – 1 October 1872) was an officer of the East India Company's military service who served during the company's rule in India, the First Anglo-Burmese War and the Indian Mutiny. He rose to the rank of major-general after a long career in India.

Company rule in India
Company rule in India (sometimes also Company Raj, from Hindi rāj, lit. 'rule') was the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated and replaced with Mir Jafar, who had the support of the East India Company; or in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company abolished local rule (Nizamat) in Bengal and established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General of Fort William, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.

The Company's rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Government of India Act 1858, the India Office of the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj.
Victoria Cross and George Cross Association
The Victoria Cross and George Cross Association is made up of holders of the Victoria Cross (VC), Britain's highest military award for bravery in the presence of the enemy, and the George Cross (GC), the equivalent award for civilians and also for those military personnel who have displayed conspicuous bravery not in the presence of the enemy.

Holders of these awards receive an annuity and attend reunions which receive coverage in the national press. Membership is dwindling for various reasons including the fact that there has not been a "total war" for many years.
Canon William Lummis was the chaplain to the Association.

The Victoria Cross and George Cross Association is Headquartered in London at Horse Guards, Whitehall SW1A 2AX, United Kingdom.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
Ilanskaya railway station
The Ilanskaya railway station is an important station on the Trans Siberian Railway that serves the town Ilansky, Ilansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.

The station was opened in 1894 about 5 kilometres from Ilansky, but a separate settlement developed around the station.

During the 1905 Revolution, railway workers based at Ilanskaya railway station played a major role in challenging the tsarist regime. General Alexander Meller-Zakomelsky described it as a "nest of revolutionaries". On 12 January 1906, a detachment of troops he sent to suppress a demonstration at the station killed 17 people, with a further 22 injured and 73 participants of the gathering were arrested. In 1908 Vladimir Vilensky-Sibiryakov was arrested  for distributing revolutionary literature to railway workers at the station.

Ilansky (town)
Ilansky (Russian: Ила́нский) is a town and the administrative center of Ilansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Ilanka River 279 kilometers (173 mi) east of Krasnoyarsk. Population:  16,111 (2010 census); 17,073 (2002 census); 18,409 (1989 Soviet census).
Niedermann
Niederman or Niedermann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Derrick Niederman, American author, mathematician, and game designer

James Corson Niederman (1924–2024), American epidemiologist

J. C. U. Niedermann (1810–?), American politician

Marie Niedermann (1880–1967), Danish film actress

Paul Niedermann (1927–2018), German-Jewish journalist

James Corson Niederman
James Corson Niederman (November 27, 1924 – March 2, 2024) was an American epidemiologist whose research identified the Epstein–Barr virus as the cause of infectious mononucleosis in a study published in 1968.
CP-93129
CP-93129 is a drug which acts as a potent and selective serotonin 5-HT1B receptor agonist, with approximately 150-fold and 200-fold selectivity over the closely related serotonin 5-HT1D and 5-HT1A receptors. It is used in the study of 5-HT1B receptors in the brain, particularly their role in modulating the release of other neurotransmitters. It produces antiaggressive effects in rodents.

5-HT1A receptor
The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter. 5-HT1A is expressed in the brain, spleen, and neonatal kidney. It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), coupled to the Gi protein, and its activation in the brain mediates hyperpolarization and reduction of firing rate of the postsynaptic neuron. In humans, the serotonin 1A receptor is encoded by the HTR1A gene.
Lake Tambukan
Tambukan Lake (Russian: Тамбукан) is a lake with bitter-salt water on Northern Caucasus in Stavropol Krai (about 33% surface) and the Kabardino-Balkar Republic (about 66% surface) of Russia, located eight kilometers from Pyatigorsk.  The lake's surface area is 1.87 square kilometers, and its depth ranges between 1.5 and 3.1 meters.

The lake bed is a thick layer of silt, which has been used since 1886 in institutions for mud cures in Yessentuki and other therapeutic mud baths in the region of Caucasian Mineral Waters.  These mud baths have been used by famous individuals such as Feodor Chaliapin, Anton Chekhov, and Leo Tolstoy.

Feodor Chaliapin
Feodor Ivanovich Chaliapin (Russian: Фёдор Ива́нович Шаля́пин, romanized: Fyodor Ivanovich Shalyapin, IPA: [ˈfʲɵdər ɨˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ʂɐˈlʲapʲɪn]; 13 February [O.S. 1 February] 1873 – 12 April 1938) was a Russian opera singer. Possessing a deep and expressive bass voice, he enjoyed an important international career at major opera houses and is often credited with establishing the tradition of naturalistic acting in his chosen art form.
Soda gun
A soda gun or bar gun is a device used by bars to serve various types of carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. A soda gun has the ability to serve any beverage that is some combination of syrup, water and carbon dioxide. This includes soft drinks, iced tea, carbonated water, and plain water. When served from a soda gun, these are often known as fountain drinks.

Bar (establishment)
A bar, also known as a saloon, a tavern or tippling house, or sometimes as a pub or club, is a retail business that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks. Bars often also sell snack foods, such as chips (crisps) or peanuts, for consumption on their premises. Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu. The term "bar" refers both to the countertop where drinks are prepared and served and also by extension to the entirety of the establishment in which the bar is located.

The term derives from the metal or wooden bar (barrier) that is often located along the length of the "bar". Over many years, heights of bars were lowered, and high stools added, and the brass bar remains today.
Ytterbium(III) iodate
Ytterbium(III) iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Yb(IO3)3. Its dihydrate can be prepared by reacting ytterbium sulfate and iodic acid in water at 200 °C. It crystallizes in the P21/c space group, with unit cell parameters a=8.685, b=6.066, c=16.687 Å, β=115.01°.

Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.

In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the International Tables for Crystallography Hahn (2002).
Atropos
Atropos (/ˈætrəpɒs, -pəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἄτροπος "without turn"), in Greek mythology, was the third of the Three Fates or Moirai, goddesses of fate and destiny. Her Roman equivalent was Morta.

Atropos was one of the Three Fates and was known as "the Inflexible One." It was Atropos who chose the manner of death and ended the life of mortals by cutting their threads. She worked along with her two sisters, Clotho, who spun the thread, and Lachesis, who measured the length. Atropos has been featured in several stories, such as those of Atalanta  and Achilles.

Atalanta
Atalanta (/ˌætəˈlæntə/; Ancient Greek: Ἀταλάντη, romanized: Atalántē, lit. 'equal in weight') is a heroine in Greek mythology.

There are two versions of the huntress Atalanta: one from Arcadia, whose parents were Iasus and Clymene and who is primarily known from the tales of the Calydonian boar hunt and the Argonauts; and the other from Boeotia, who is the daughter of King Schoeneus and is primarily noted for her skill in the footrace. In both versions, Atalanta was a local figure allied to the goddess Artemis; in such oral traditions, minor characters were often assigned different names, resulting in minor regional variations.
Raf kinase inhibitor protein
The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a kinase inhibitor protein, that regulates many signaling pathways within the cell. RKIP is a member of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family and has displayed disruptive regulation on the Raf-1-MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB signalling pathways, by interaction with the Raf-1 kinase.

RKIP has also been shown to inhibit G protein coupled receptor kinases (GRK) when phosphorylated by protein kinase C. Via this mechanism it has been shown to exert beneficial effects on cardiac structure and function.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (also known as MAP2K, MEK, MAPKK) is a dual-specificity kinase enzyme which phosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).

MAP2K is classified as EC 2.7.12.2.

There are seven genes:

MAP2K1 (a.k.a. MEK1)

MAP2K2 (a.k.a. MEK2)

MAP2K3 (a.k.a. MKK3)

MAP2K4 (a.k.a. MKK4)

MAP2K5 (a.k.a. MKK5)

MAP2K6 (a.k.a. MKK6)

MAP2K7 (a.k.a. MKK7)

The activators of p38 (MKK3 and MKK6), JNK (MKK4 and MKK7), and ERK (MEK1 and MEK2) define independent MAP kinase signal transduction pathways. The acronym MEK derives from MAPK/ERK Kinase.
Kavunji
Kavunji (Mannavanur Panchayat) is a Panchayat village of terrace farmers at the far western end of the Western Ghats in Kodaikanal block of Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu state, South India, Pincode 624103. It is 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Kodaikanal at: 10°12′26″N 77°20′25″E﻿ / ﻿10.20722°N 77.34028°E﻿ / 10.20722; 77.34028. Elevation is 1,920 metres (6,300 ft). Kavunji is notable as a vegetable farming area.

Dindigul district
Dindigul district is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. Dindigul District is the largest district in Tamil Nadu by area. The district was carved out of Madurai District in 1985. It has an area of 6266.64 km2 and comprises 3 revenue divisions, 10 taluks, and 14 panchayat unions. The district is  located in Southwest of Tamil Nadu. The district is bound by Madurai district in the south,Tiruppur district in the northwest, Karur district in the north, Tiruchirappalli district in the northeast,  Theni district in the Southwest and Idukki district of Kerala to the west. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,159,775 with a sex-ratio of 998 females for every 1,000 males.
2018 Sikkim Premier Division League
The 2018 Sikkim Premier Division League was the seventh season of the Sikkim Premier Division League, the top division football league in the Indian state of Sikkim. The league kicked off from 21 July with eight teams competing.

Sikkim Football League
The Sikkim Football League is a group of state-level football leagues in the Indian state of Sikkim, organised by the Sikkim Football Association. It was founded in 2012 as the Sikkim Premier Division League. The SFA "A" Division S-League is the premier state-level football league in Sikkim. United Sikkim is the most successful team with three league titles.
Keerthilatha Abeywickrama
Keerthilatha Premawathie Abeywickrama was a Sri Lankan politician and a Member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
Abeywickrama was the daughter of Padikara Muhandiram Don Pedris Francis Abeywickrama and Catharina Liyanage from Morawaka, Sri Lanka. She joined the United National Party and was appointed as a Member of Parliament for the Deniyaya Electoral District on 11 September 1987 after her brother Keerthisena was killed in the 1987 grenade attack in the Sri Lankan Parliament. She was the cousin of Sumanadasa Abeywickrama, a former Deputy Minister of Agriculture Development & Research and Member of Parliament for Akmeemana.

Akmeemana Electoral District
Akmeemana electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Akmeemana in Galle District, Southern Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Akmeemana electoral district was replaced by the Galle multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.
Kampong Penabai
Kampong Penabai (Malay: Kampung Penabai) is a coastal village located in the Tutong District of Brunei, within the mukim of Pekan Tutong. The village's postcode is TA3541. Located approximately 4–5 kilometres (2.5–3.1 mi) from the district town of Tutong, the village had a population of 749 in 2021. It originated in the early 20th century as a Brunei Malay settlement, previously known as Kampong Kuala Tutong, which spanned from Seri Kenangan Beach to the mouth of the Tutong River. Kampong Penabai covers 1.5 square kilometres (0.58 sq mi) from Seri Kenangan Beach to Kampong Penabai Mosque.

Villages of Brunei
A village (Malay: kampung or kampong) is the third and lowest administrative division of Brunei. It is headed by a village head (ketua kampung). Several villages are grouped together to form a mukim. A village is generally the traditional rural settlement, in particular in the sense of a kampong or Malay traditional village, but it may also be an urbanised settlement within or near the capital city or a town, or part of the public housing estates. The population varies from hundreds to a few thousands.
St Paul Island
Saint Paul Island can refer to:

Île Saint-Paul, a small island in the French Southern Territories

Saint Paul Island (Alaska), United States

St. Paul Island (Nova Scotia), Canada

Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Brazil

St Paul's Island, Malta

Nuns' Island, originally Île Saint-Paul, part of Montreal city, Canada

St. Paul, Alaska
St. Paul (Aleut: Tanax̂ Amix̂ or Sanpuulax̂, Russian: Сент-Пол, romanized: Sent-Pol) is a city in the Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is the main settlement of Saint Paul Island in the Pribilofs, a small island group in the Bering Sea. The population was 413 at the 2020 census, down from 479 in 2010. Saint Paul Island is  known as a birdwatching haven.

The three closest islands to Saint Paul Island are Otter Island to the southwest, Saint George slightly to the south, and Walrus Island to the east.

St. Paul Island's land area is 43 sq mi (110 km2). St. Paul Island in 2008 had one school (K-12, 76 students), one post office, one bar, one small store, and one church (the Russian Orthodox Sts. Peter and Paul Church), which is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The island was one of the last places where woolly mammoths survived, until around 5,600 years ago.
Gwangnyeong Muk clan
Gwangnyeong Muk clan (Korean: 광녕 묵씨; Hanja: 廣寧 墨氏) was one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan was in Guangning County, China. According to the research in 2000, the number of Gwangnyeong Muk clan was 133. Muk clan was born in Liang County (Hanja: 梁郡), China. Gwangnyeong Muk clan’s founder was Muk Sa. He was a descendant of Mozi who was from Yang Province in China, and was a thinker from Lu in China’s Spring and Autumn period. He was naturalized in Joseon when he was a minister of defense (Hanja: 兵部尚書, Bingbu Shangshu) in Ming dynasty.

Guangning County
Guangning County, alternately romanized as Kwongning County, is a county in western Guangdong, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhaoqing. Guangning County has an area of 2,380 square kilometers (920 sq mi), with a population of 408,112 (2020 census).
Melanio Ulama
Timuay Melanio Umbit Ulama is a Filipino politician, ancestral leader, and peace advocate who serves as the Indigenous Peoples' Affairs Minister of Bangsamoro and a member of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority Parliament.

Teduray people
The Teduray are an indigenous peoples in Mindanao, Philippines. They speak the Teduray language. Their name may have come from words tew, meaning 'people', and duray, referring to a 'small bamboo hook' and a 'line used for fishing'. They live among the larger Maguindanaons and have quite an influence on them, in the highlands between the borders of Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur they inhabit.

The Teduray culture was studied at length in the 1960s by anthropologist Stuart A. Schlegel. Schlegel spent two years as a participant/observer among a group who lived in and was sustained by the rainforest. He was profoundly moved by the egalitarian society he witnessed, and went on to write several books and papers on the subject, including Wisdom of the Rainforest: The Spiritual Journey of an Anthropologist. Despite being referred to as "Tiruray" in out-of-date reference books, the Teduray people do not refer to themselves as such and consider the word "Tiruray" a pejorative.
Hite-Finney House
Hite-Finney House was a historic building at 183 North Jefferson Street in Martinsville, Indiana. It was built in 1855, and was a two-story, transitional Greek Revival / Italianate style brick I-house.: 2–3  The building partially collapsed in 2003.  It was destroyed by fire in August 2006, and was fully demolished in October 2009.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1996. It was removed in 2012 after its destruction.

I-house
The I-house is a vernacular house type, popular in the United States from the colonial period onward. The I-house was so named in the 1930s by Fred Kniffen, a cultural geographer at Louisiana State University who was a specialist in folk architecture. He identified and analyzed the type in his 1936 study of Louisiana house types.

He chose the name "I-house" because the style was commonly built in the rural farm areas of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, all states beginning with the letter "I". But he was not implying that this house type originated in, or was restricted to, those three states. It is also referred to as Plantation Plain style.