hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Let's Encrypt
Let's Encrypt is a non-profit certificate authority run by Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) that provides X.509 certificates for Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption without charging fees. It is the world's largest certificate authority, used by more than 700 million websites, with the goal of creating a more secure and privacy-respecting web through the widespread adoption of HTTPS. The Internet Security Research Group (ISRG), the provider of the service, is a public benefit organization. Major sponsors include the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the Mozilla Foundation, OVHcloud, Cisco Systems, Facebook, Google Chrome, the Internet Society, AWS, Nginx, and the Gates Foundation. Other partners include the certificate authority IdenTrust, the University of Michigan, and the Linux Foundation.

Internet Society
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American non-profit advocacy organization whose purpose is to promote an open and safe internet. Founded in 1992, it has offices in Reston, Virginia, United States, and Geneva, Switzerland, with local chapters around the world.
Tongtian Rock
The Tongtian Rock (Chinese: 通天岩), or Tongtian Cliff, is a danxia landform scenic spot, located in Shuixi Town, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China. It is said that "in the north of China, there is Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, in the south of China, there is Ganzhou Tongtian Rock".

The grottoes of Tongtian Rock were excavated in the Tang dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song dynasty. There are still 359 stone niche statues from the Tang dynasty to the Song dynasty and 128 stone carvings from the Song dynasty to the Republic of China, making it the largest Buddhist cave temple in the Jiangnan area and therefore known as the "First Grotto in the South of China".

Tongtian Rock is the southernmost grotto geographically located in Mainland China. Wang Yangming and other famous poets and literary men once carved inscriptions here.

Wang Yangming
Wang Shouren (Chinese: 王守仁, 26 October 1472 – 9 January 1529), courtesy name Bo'an (Chinese: 伯安), art name Yangmingzi (traditional Chinese: 陽明子; simplified Chinese: 阳明子), usually referred to as Wang Yangming (traditional Chinese: 王陽明; simplified Chinese: 王阳明), was a Chinese statesman, general, and Neo-Confucian philosopher during the Ming dynasty. After Zhu Xi, he is commonly regarded as the most important Neo-Confucian thinker, for his interpretations of Confucianism that denied the rationalist dualism of the orthodox philosophy of Zhu Xi. Wang and Lu Xiangshan are regarded as the founders as the Lu–Wang school, or the School of the Mind.

In China, Japan, and Western countries, he is known by his honorific name rather than his private name.
Christopher M. Murray
Christopher M. Murray is a judge of the 1st District, Michigan Court of Appeals, and the former chief judge of the Michigan Court of Claims. In 1985 he earned an undergraduate degree from Hillsdale College and a JD from the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law in 1990. He previously was a judge on the Wayne Circuit Court, a deputy legal counsel to Governor John M. Engler, an attorney with Keller, Thoma, P.C. in Detroit, chair of the State Board of Ethics, a member on the Board of Law Examiners, served as a member of the Local Government Claims Review Board and the Committee on Model Civil Jury Instructions, and was on the board of directors for the Detroit Metropolitan Bar Association. He is a member of the Board of Advisors for the Michigan Lawyers Division of the Federalist Society.

Hillsdale College
Hillsdale College is a private, conservative, Christian liberal arts college in Hillsdale, Michigan, United States. It was founded in 1844 by members of the Free Will Baptists. Women were admitted to the college from its foundation, making the college the second-oldest coeducational institution in the United States, after Oberlin College (1837). Hillsdale's required core curriculum includes courses on the Great Books, the U.S. Constitution, theology, biology, chemistry, and physics. The college's mission statement identifies it as a "nonsectarian Christian institution".

Since the late 20th century, in order to opt out of government mandates tied to funding, Hillsdale has declined both state and federal financial support. Instead, Hillsdale depends entirely on private donations to supplement students' tuition.
Patrick Botterman
Patrick Botterman (1964-2008) was an elected Harper College trustee and Wheeling Township Committeeman of the Cook County Democratic Party. He also managed campaigns for Democratic candidates. He lived in Arlington Heights.

Wheeling Township, Illinois
Wheeling Township is one of 29 townships in Cook County, Illinois, USA.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 157,487. It is the northeasternmost and most populated of the six northwest Cook County townships that form the panhandle.
Prince of Darkness (Satan)
The Prince of Darkness is a term used in John Milton's poem Paradise Lost referring to Satan as the embodiment of evil. It is an English translation of the Latin phrase princeps tenebrarum, which occurs in the Acts of Pilate, written in the 4th century, in the Historia Francorum by Gregory of Tours (6th century), in the 11th-century hymn Rhythmus de die mortis by Pietro Damiani, and in a sermon by Bernard of Clairvaux from the 12th century.

Peter Damian
Peter Damian OSB (Latin: Petrus Damianus; Italian: Pietro or Pier Damiani; c. 1007 – 21 or 22 February 1072 or 1073) was an Italian reforming Benedictine monk and cardinal in the circle of Pope Leo IX. Dante placed him in one of the highest circles of Paradiso as a great predecessor of Francis of Assisi and he was declared a Doctor of the Church on 27 September 1828. His feast day is 21 February.
Francesco Pagano
Francesco Pagano, (fl. 1471–1506) was an Italian painter working primarily in Spain. His date of birth is not known.

Pagano was active in Valencia, and primarily painted religious-themed works for local churches. He is credited with helping import the Italian Renaissance style to Spain. In 1472 he was commissioned in conjunction with Paolo da San Leocadio by the papal envoy Rodrigo Borja, a Spaniard who became Pope Alexander VI, to paint the ceiling of the Valencia Cathedral. A false ceiling had hidden the fresco for more than 330 years, until an investigation into some pigeons led to the discovery. He also painted, in 1506, again in conjunction with Paolo da San Leocadio, the doors of the high altar of the cathedral, with subjects from the Life of the Virgin.

Life of the Virgin
The Life of the Virgin, showing narrative scenes from the life of Mary, the mother of Jesus, is a common subject for pictorial cycles in Christian art, often complementing, or forming part of, a cycle on the Life of Christ. In both cases the number of scenes shown varies greatly with the space available. Works may be in any medium: frescoed church walls and series of old master prints have many of the fullest cycles, but panel painting, stained glass, illuminated manuscripts, tapestries, stone sculptures and ivory carvings have many examples.
Kipahigan Lake
Kipahigan Lake is a lake in Northern Manitoba and Northern Saskatchewan, Canada, approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Flin Flon. The lake is in the Canadian Shield region of Canada. In Saskatchewan, the Kipahigan Sakahikan 222 Indian reserve is on the northern shores of Kipahigan Lake.

Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield (French: Bouclier canadien [buklje kanadjɛ̃]), also called the Laurentian Shield or the  Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. As a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, the shield stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada and most of Greenland; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the continental United States.
Brumoides suturalis
Brumoides suturalis, the three-striped lady-beetle, is a species of ladybird described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1789. It is found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea.

Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in the "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification.
Aligireddy Praveen Reddy
Aligireddy Praveen Reddy (born 28 June 1958) is an Indian politician from Telangana. Born and raised in Mulkanoor, Karimnagar district, Telangana, to A.K. Vishwanatha Reddy and Vinodha. He is married to Rajyalakshmi, and they have two children, Vinesh Reddy and Powlomi Reddy.

He pursued a Bachelor of Agricultural Science at Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, Maharashtra, and later pursued a PGDM to advance his knowledge in public administration and cooperative management. Inspired by his father, Late Shri. A. K. Vishwanatha Reddy, who established and grew the Mulkanoor Cooperative Rural Credit and Marketing Society Ltd, he has been serving as the President of the Mulkanoor Cooperative Rural Credit and Marketing Society Ltd. since 1989.

Karimnagar district
Karimnagar district, also known as Elagandula district, is one of the 33 districts of the Indian state of Telangana. Karimnagar city is its administrative headquarters. The district shares boundaries with Peddapalli, Jagityal, Sircilla, Siddipet, Jangaon, Hanamkonda district and Jayashankar Bhupalapally districts.
Philippine flying lemur
The Philippine flying lemur or Philippine colugo (Cynocephalus volans), known locally as kagwang, is one of two species of colugo or "flying lemurs". It is monotypic of its genus. Although it is called "flying lemur", the Philippine flying lemur is neither a lemur nor does it fly. Instead, it glides as it leaps among trees.

The kagwang belongs to the order Dermoptera that contains only two species, one of which is found in the Philippines, while the other, the Sunda flying lemur, is found in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore. Recent research from genetic analysis suggests two other species, the Bornean flying lemur and the Javan flying lemur, may exist, as well, but they have yet to be officially classified.

Both species of Dermoptera are classified under the grandorder Euarchonta, which includes treeshrews and primates, as well as an extinct order of mammals, the Plesiadapiformes.

Treeshrew
The treeshrews (also called tree shrews or banxrings) are small mammals native to the tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia. They make up the entire order Scandentia (from Latin scandere 'to climb'), which split into two families: the Tupaiidae (19 species, "ordinary" treeshrews), and the Ptilocercidae (one species, the pen-tailed treeshrew).

Though called 'treeshrews', and despite having previously been classified in Insectivora, they are not true shrews, and not all species live in trees. They are omnivores; among other things, treeshrews eat fruit. As fellow members of Euarchonta, treeshrews are closely related to primates, and have been used as an alternative to primates in experimental studies of myopia, psychosocial stress, and hepatitis.
Newark Collegiate Academy
Newark Collegiate Academy (NCA) is a four-year charter public high school located in Newark in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the TEAM Academy Charter School network of charter schools in Newark run by the Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP) which serves students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. NCA opened in August 2007 with plans to ultimately serve over 570 students, mostly matriculating from TEAM's middle schools, Rise and TEAM Academies.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 6,096 students and 270.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 22.6:1. There were 4,596 students (75.4% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 805 (13.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
William Harris (cricketer, born 1864)
William Harris (17 June 1864 – 18 June 1949) was an English cricketer.  Harris was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born in Kimberley, Nottinghamshire.

Harris played a single first-class match for Nottinghamshire against Sussex in 1886 at the County Ground, Hove. In his only first-class match he scored 2 runs in his only innings, leaving him with a batting average of 2.00.

He died at Crofton Park, London on 18 June 1949.

Crofton Park
Crofton Park is a predominantly residential suburb in the London Borough of Lewisham.

It is the original site of the former agricultural hamlet of Brockley. It is located 5.3 miles (8.5 km) south east of Charing Cross, and is south of Brockley and north of Honor Oak. Major points of interest include the Rivoli Ballroom, the Brockley Jack Theatre and the Arts and Crafts Gothic church of St Hilda.

Crofton Park Ward is bordered by Brockley and Ladywell Cemeteries to the north, and Garthorne Road Nature Reserve in the west with the London to Brighton railway running along the western boundary of the ward and a section of Ladywell Fields to the south east. The area also offers easy access to South East London Green Chain of walks. Nearby, between Honor Oak and Catford, is Blythe Hill Fields, one of a number of hills in south east London and which provide good views of Canary Wharf and the City of London.
Vertical Roll
Vertical Roll is a 1972 video art piece by American video and performance artist Joan Jonas. It is a sequel to Jonas' first video work Organic Honey's Visual Telepathy. Jonas' interfacing with the material grammar of video was significant to the late 1960s and early 1970s experimentation with new video technology. Among others, Steina and Woody Vasulka, Nam June Paik and Peter Campus also contributed to the emergent material discourse of video art.

Nam June Paik
Nam June Paik (Korean: 백남준; pronunciation (Korean name order)ⓘ; July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a South Korean artist. He worked with a variety of media and is considered to be the founder of video art. He is credited with the first use (1974) of the term "electronic super highway" to describe the future of telecommunications.

Born in Seoul to a wealthy business family, Paik trained as a classical musician, spending time in Japan and West Germany, where he joined the Fluxus collective and developed a friendship with experimental composer John Cage. He moved to New York City in 1964 and began working with cellist Charlotte Moorman to create performance art. Soon after, he began to incorporate televisions and video tape recorders into his work, acquiring growing fame. A stroke in 1996 left him partially paralyzed for the last decade of his life.
Begin Again (Kloq album)
Begin Again is the second album by British electronic rock band KLOQ, released 8 October 2013. The album was released via Metropolis Records.

The album reached No. 1 in its 13th week in the European Alternative Charts and also reached No. 1 on the Rockadia new release chart in its first week.

Metropolis Records
Metropolis Records is a record label that was founded in Philadelphia in 1993, by Dave Heckman. The label's all-electronic format closely tracked with European contemporaries including Off Beat, and since 1995 has been instrumental in promoting and distributing underground electronic music in the U.S.

On June 9, 1999, Metropolis bought the American industrial label, Pendragon Records. It assumed distribution responsibilities for Pendragon's back catalog, as well as that of 21st Circuitry, another industrial label which had gone out of business.
Ras Ngomeni
Ras Ngomeni is a cape on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. A Swahili settlement lay just to its south between the 5th and 13th centuries. It continued as a harbour into the 16th century.

According to the Book of the Zanj, Ngomeni was founded by the king of Himyar, Abu Karib, who reigned in AD 390–420. It was built on the north side of Sheshale Point and the Sabaki river in an area of saltwater lagoons. Its major product was mangroves. It was overtaken by the sea in the 13th century. As of 1961, only a house remained of the original town. It is sometimes called Old Ngomeni to distinguish it from modern Ngomeni in the interior. In 2007, a Portuguese shipwreck was discovered off Ngomeni. It dates to 1500–1550, making it the oldest shipwreck yet found in sub-Saharan Africa.

Today, the name Ngomeni refers to a fishing village about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Malindi. It is the site of the Broglio Space Center, which belongs to Italy.

Eastern Province (Kenya)
The Eastern Province (Swahili: Mashariki) of Kenya was one of 8 Provinces of Kenya. Its northern boundary ran along with that of Ethiopia; the North Eastern Province and Coast Province lay to the east and south; and the remainder of Kenya's provinces, including Central Province, ran along its western border. The provincial capital was Embu.
MV Norris Castle (1942)
MV Norris Castle was built, in 1942, by Alexander Finlay & Co in Glasgow. She was originally constructed as a tank landing craft, LCT 828, for the Normandy landings. She was 180 ft (55 m) long and had a capacity of 473 gross tons. Acquired in 1947 by Red Funnel, she made her first service voyage on 23 July 1948 and operated as a car ferry until sold in 1962. As she could load from both the front and side, she was used on the Southampton to East Cowes service. Norris Castle made her last sailing for Red Funnel on 16 March 1962.

After withdrawal from service in 1962, she was sold to Compania Maritima Santa Kynaki SA for further service in the Greek Islands. The same year ownership was passed to D Filipopulous and she was renamed Aghios Dionisios. In 2000, she was renamed Galina S by her new owners, the National Shipping Company, and registered in Honduras. She still appeared on Lloyds Register in 2008–09, though with no details of ownership or registration.

Gross tonnage
Gross tonnage (GT, G.T. or gt) is a nonlinear measure of a ship's overall internal volume.  Gross tonnage is different from gross register tonnage.  Neither gross tonnage nor gross register tonnage should be confused with measures of mass or weight such as deadweight tonnage or displacement.

Gross tonnage, along with net tonnage, was defined by the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1969, and came into force on 18 July 1982.  These two measurements replaced gross register tonnage (GRT) and net register tonnage (NRT).  Gross tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port dues, whereas the older gross register tonnage is a measure of the volume of only certain enclosed spaces.
1987 Rugby World Cup final
The 1987 Rugby World Cup final was the final match of the 1987 Rugby World Cup, the first Rugby World Cup played.

It was played at Eden Park in Auckland, New Zealand, on 20 June 1987 between the hosts New Zealand and France. The referee of the match was the Australian Kerry Fitzgerald and the touch judges were Jim Fleming and Brian Anderson, both from Scotland.

New Zealand won the match 29–9 with three tries, one conversion, four penalties and a drop goal, becoming the first winners of the Rugby World Cup.

This same matchup would be contested again at the 2011 final, with New Zealand again becoming the world champions.

Jim Fleming (rugby union, born 1951)
James Mathieson Fleming MBE (born July 1951) is a retired Scottish Rugby Union Referee who refereed 42 major international matches and was a touch judge in a further 75. He also refereed 7 women's internationals including the 1994 World Cup Final. The international matches that he controlled were between 1985 and 2001 and included matches in four Rugby World Cups. He is Scotland’s most capped referee and was an International referee for 18 years.
Biddle Air National Guard Base
Biddle Air National Guard Base (formerly Horsham Air Guard Station, 2011–2021) is owned by the Pennsylvania Air National Guard and located in Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The Air National Guard plays host to many different Army National Guard Units as well as other government agencies. The site was formerly the Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove. It was renamed in honor of Charles Biddle, the founder of the Pennsylvania Air National Guard's 103rd Observation Squadron (now, the 103rd Attack Squadron).

103rd Attack Squadron
The 103rd Attack Squadron (103 ATKS) is an active unit of the Pennsylvania Air National Guard previously known as the 103rd Fighter Squadron (103 FS).  It is assigned to the 111th Attack Wing, stationed at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.  The squadron was inactivated on 31 March 2011 and later reactivated as the 103rd Attack Squadron at the new Horsham Air Guard Station, on the grounds of the former Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove.  Along with these name changes came a change of mission. The 103rd Attack Squadron now flies the MQ-9 Reaper Remotely Piloted Aircraft.

The squadron was a descendant organization of the Pennsylvania National Guard 103rd Observation Squadron, formed on 27 June 1924.  It was one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.