hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Discovering History in China
Discovering History in China: American Historical Writing on the Recent Chinese Past is a book by Paul A. Cohen introducing the ideas behind American histories of China since 1840. It was published by Columbia University Press in 1984 and reprinted with a new preface in 2010.

Cohen presents a sympathetic critique of the dominant paradigms associated with John K. Fairbank and the historians he trained which shaped the field of Area Studies after World War II: "China's response to the West" (or "impact-response") and "Tradition and Modernity," which were popular in the 1950s, and Imperialism, which became fashionable in the 1960s in response to American involvement in Vietnam. Cohen, himself trained by Fairbank, sees these paradigms as placing China in a passive role and not being capable of change without a Western impact.

John King Fairbank
John King Fairbank (May 24, 1907 – September 14, 1991) was an American historian of China and United States–China relations. He taught at Harvard University from 1936 until his retirement in 1977. He is credited with building the field of China studies in the United States after World War II with his organizational ability, his mentorship of students, support of fellow scholars, and formulation of basic concepts to be tested.

The Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard is named after him. Among his most widely read books are The United States and China, first published in 1948 and revised editions in 1958, 1979, and 1983; East Asia: The Great Tradition (1960) and East Asia The Great Transformation (1965), co-authored with Edwin O. Reischauer; and his co-edited series, The Cambridge History of China.
Crazy Mama
Crazy Mama is a 1975 American action comedy film, directed by Jonathan Demme, produced by Julie Corman and starring Cloris Leachman. It marked the film debuts of Bill Paxton and Dennis Quaid.

The film focuses on a beauty parlor owner and her family, who lose their belongings to repossession. The trio of women soon start a crime spree. Their confrontation with law enforcement officers ends in a shootout.

Shootout
A shootout, also called a firefight, gunfight, or gun battle, is a confrontation in which parties armed with firearms exchange gunfire. The term can be used to describe any such fight, though it is typically used in a non-military context or to describe combat situations primarily using firearms (generally excluding crew-served weapons, combat vehicles, armed aircraft, or explosives).

Shootouts often pit law enforcement against criminals, though they can also involve parties outside of law enforcement, such as rival gangs, militias, or individuals. Military combat situations are rarely titled "shootouts", and are almost always considered battles, engagements, skirmishes, exchanges, or firefights.

Shootouts are often depicted in action films, Westerns, and video games.
Ceriana ornata
Ceriana ornata  is an Australian species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae. Resembling a wasp, this hoverfly preys on other insects including Australian native bees and the planthopper. 
Bottom image shown is a Potter wasp, Ancistrocerus Kereri (Dalla Torre 1904) and resembles Ceriana Ornata. C. Ornata can be identified by its distinct Y-shaped antenna, large compound eyes and only has two wings.

Siphanta acuta
Siphanta acuta is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae; this species is native to Australia, but is now found in various other parts of the world. About 10 mm long, they resemble small leaves and are generally found in trees. Its common names are the green planthopper or leaf bug (in Australia and New Zealand), and the torpedo bug (in Hawaii).
Airistagiz
Airistagiz (lit. 'earliest lizard') is an extinct genus of early lepidosauromorph (lizard-line reptile) known from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian age) Erfurt Formation of Germany. The genus contains a single species, Airistagiz seegisi, known from two partial skulls, one of which is associated with a fragmentary postcranial skeleton including a forelimb, partial pelvis, and vertebrae. It is one of many Triassic stem group-lepidosaurs known from the Vellberg region, in addition to Hohlachia and Klainjosaura (named in the same publication as Airistagiz) and the earlier-described Wirtembergia, Fraxinisaura, Vellbergia, and possibly the enigmatic Stauromatodon.

Ladinian
The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between 241.464 Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic).

The Ladinian is coeval with the Falangian regional stage used in China.
Monomoiria
The Monomoiria are the 360 individual degrees of the sky in Hellenistic astrology.  They were each associated with particular planets, especially in traditions that influenced and were influenced by Paulus Alexandrinus's Eisagogika and Vettius Valens's Anthology.

Vettius Valens
Vettius Valens (February 8, 120 – c. 175) was a 2nd-century Hellenistic astrologer, a somewhat younger contemporary of Claudius Ptolemy.

Valens' major work is the Anthology (Latin: Anthologia), ten volumes in Greek written roughly within the period 150 to 175. The Anthology is the longest and most detailed treatise on astrology which has survived from that period.  A working professional astrologer, Valens includes over a hundred sample charts from his case files in the Anthology.
Saved by the Pony Express
Saved by the Pony Express is a 1911 American short silent Western film produced by the Selig Polyscope Company and starring Tom Mix. Also known as Pony Express Rider, it is preserved at the Library of Congress.

Selig Polyscope Company
The Selig Polyscope Company was an American motion picture company that was founded in 1896 by William Selig in Chicago, Illinois. The company produced hundreds of early, widely distributed commercial moving pictures, including the first films starring Tom Mix, Harold Lloyd, Colleen Moore, and Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle. Selig Polyscope also established Southern California's first permanent movie studio, in the historic Edendale district of Los Angeles.

Ending film production in 1918, the business, which had become known for its film production animals, became an animal and prop supplier to other studios and a zoo and amusement park attraction in East Los Angeles (Lincoln Heights).  The amusement park and zoo went into decline during the Great Depression in the 1930s.

In 1947, William Selig and several other early movie producers and directors shared a special Academy Honorary Award to acknowledge their role in building the film industry.
La nouvelle manga
Nouvelle Manga (French: La nouvelle manga, pronounced [la nuvɛl mɑ̃ɡa]) is an artistic movement which gathers French and Japanese comic creators together. The expression was first used by Kiyoshi Kusumi, editor of the Japanese manga magazine Comickers, in referring to the work of French expatriate Frédéric Boilet, who lived in Japan for much of his career but has since returned to France in December 2008. Boilet adopted the term for himself and encouraged other artists to participate.

Jiro Taniguchi
Jiro Taniguchi (谷口 ジロー, Taniguchi Jirō; 14 August 1947 – 11 February 2017) was a Japanese manga writer/artist. His works belong to the gekiga, or "dramatic pictures", genre of manga. In France he was knighted a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011.
WGFT (song)
"WGFT" (an acronym for "We Gettin' Fucked Tonight") is a song by American rapper Gunna featuring Nigerian singer Burna Boy. It was sent to US rhythmic radio as the third and final single from Gunna's sixth studio album, The Last Wun, on August 7, 2025. The two artists wrote the song with producers Turbo and Shootie. An official remix featuring American singer Chris Brown was released on January 16, 2026.

Turbo (music producer)
Chandler A. Great (born August 9, 1994), known professionally as Turbo, is an American record producer. He is best known for his production work for hip-hop artists including Gunna, Nav, Lil Durk, Travis Scott, Drake, Young Thug, and Lil Baby, among others. His producer tag, "Run that back, Turbo", can be heard in many of his productions. He produced Lil Baby and Gunna's 2019 single "Drip Too Hard", which received diamond certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Vandans railway station
Vandans railway station (German: Bahnhof Vandans) is a railway station serving Vandans in the Bludenz district of the Austrian federal state of Vorarlberg. Located on the Bludenz–Schruns railway, the station is owned and operated by the Montafonerbahn (MBS).

The railway station is located about 1.2 km (0.75 mi) away from the valley station of the Golmerbahn to Mattschwiz and Golmer Joch.

States of Austria
Austria is a federal republic consisting of nine states. The European Commission calls them provinces. Austrian states can pass laws that stay within the limits of the constitution, and each state has representatives in the Austrian federal parliament.
Cinithian
Cinithians were an ancient Berber tribe of Roman North Africa, who occupied the area of modern Algeria.

Several inscriptions bear testimony of their presence. Near the Roman town of Githis, in southern Tunisia, there is a second-century dedication to The Empire and Memmius Pacatus, who 'stood out among his people'. Here he is called a 'Cinithius'. He was believed to be a leader of the tribe and his family went on to achieve senatorial rank.

At the veteran colony of Sitifis there is another  inscription that mentions the tribe of the Cinithians.

They are also cited by Cornelius Tacitus as "...a nation by no means contemptible".

Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Tacitus's two major historical works, Annals (Latin: Annales) and the Histories (Latin: Historiae), originally formed a continuous narrative of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus (14 AD) to the end of Domitian's reign (96 AD). The surviving portions of the Annals focus on the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD).

Tacitus's other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola (the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain), mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
Heavy Anti-Aircraft Gun Station 385
Heavy Anti-Aircraft Gun Station 385 is a heritage-listed former anti-aircraft defence and gun emplacement at 50 Pritchard Street, Lytton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1943 by the Allied Works Council. It is also known as Lytton Heavy Anti-Aircraft battery emplacement and Gun Station 385. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 June 2019.

Brisbane City Council
Brisbane City Council (BCC, also known as Council) is the local government of the City of Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. The largest local government in Australia by population, BCC's jurisdiction includes 26 wards and 27 elected councillors covering 1,338 km2 (517 mi2). Brisbane City Council consists of the 26 councillors (elected or appointed to represent wards) and the Lord Mayor of Brisbane (currently Adrian Schrinner) (elected by the city as a whole). By resolution, the council may make local laws (previously known as ordinances). The Lord Mayor is responsible for the key executive functions, such as implementing policies, preparing the budget and directing senior employees. They are supported by the Civic Council (formally the Establishment and Coordination (E&C) Committee), whose members are drawn from the council and each chair one of the standing committees. The council's current CEO is Colin Jensen, supported by EO Ainsley Gold.
Stepney (surname)
Stepney is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alban Stepney (died 1611), English politician

Alex Stepney (born 1942), English footballer

Arthur Cowell-Stepney (1834–1909), British landowner and politician

Catherine Stepney (1778–1845), English novelist

Charles Stepney (1931–1976), American record producer and musician

George Stepney (1663–1707), English poet and diplomat

John Stepney (disambiguation), multiple people

Michael Stepney (born 1980), Scottish bowler

Nigel Stepney (1958–2014), British Formula One mechanic

Susan Stepney (born 1958), British computer scientist

Stepney family, landowners in Wales from the 16th to 19th centuries

Arthur Cowell-Stepney
Sir Emile Algernon Arthur Keppel Cowell-Stepney, 2nd Baronet (26 December 1834 – 2 July 1909) was a British landowner and Liberal politician. He was the youngest son of Sir John Stepney Cowell-Stepney (1791–1877).
Don Toth
Donald James Toth (born May 31, 1948) is a Canadian retired provincial politician. He was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan during the first term of the Saskatchewan Party government of Premier Brad Wall, from 2007 to 2011. He represented the constituency of Moosomin in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1986 to 2016. While he was originally elected as a member of the Progressive Conservatives, he and some other Tories and Liberals co-founded the Saskatchewan Party in 1997. On December 10, 2007, he was elected Speaker by acclamation. Dan D'Autremont defeated him in the speakership election in the second term of the Wall government (2011–2016).

He was educated at the University of Saskatchewan and the Full Gospel Bible Institution in Eston (now Eston College).

Toth did not run for reelection in 2016. He was the last sitting legislator who had served during the Grant Devine government of the 1980s.

Eston, Saskatchewan
Eston is a town in the Rural Municipality of Snipe Lake No. 259, Saskatchewan, Canada. The population was 1,061 at the 2016 Census. The town is located at the junction of Highway 30 and Highway 44, approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) south-east of Kindersley. Eston Riverside Regional Park is 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of town on the north bank of the South Saskatchewan River.
Suwa Yorimitsu
Suwa Yorimitsu (諏訪 頼満) (1480–1540) was a warlord of the Shinano Province. The region that was controlled by Yorimitsu was Lake Suwa. During the year of 1485, Yorimitsu's father was killed by his own retainers for unknown reasons. But Yorimitsu in the end was a very capable leader, greatly strengthening the domain of Suwa.

Shinano Province
Shinano Province (信濃国, Shinano no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.na.no (no kɯ.ɲi), ɕi.na.noꜜ-]) or Shinshū (信州, [ɕiꜜɰ̃.ɕɯː]) is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture.

Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.

The World War II-era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.
Epadunk
Epadunk, (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈêːpaˌdɵŋk]) or raggardunk, is a genre of music, often electronic, that has been associated with EPA tractors and A-tractors in Sweden since the early 2020s.

The lyrics often focus on themes like alcohol, sex and driving A-tractors (a car modified to have a low maximum speed that can be driven from 15 years of age and which is often associated with rural Sweden). The genre achieved significant commercial success in Sweden in 2022, with several songs among the most streamed on streaming services. The musical style can be viewed as part of a wider lifestyle and culture where young people driving EPA-tractors or A-tractors want to show off their vehicles with accompanying sound systems. In addition to electronic party music (including 1990s Eurodance), songs by artists such as Eddie Meduza and Lasse Stefanz have also been heard blaring from these vehicles.

Bolaget, Rasmus Gozzi, Fröken Snusk and Hooja are some of the names associated with the genre.

Eddie Meduza
Errol Leonard Norstedt (17 June 1948 – 17 January 2002), better known by his stage name Eddie Meduza, previously known as E. Hitler, was a Swedish composer and musician working mainly in the rockabilly genre.
Civic District
The Civic District is a district located near the Singapore River in the Central Area of Singapore.

It contains historical buildings and museums such as The Arts House (the former Parliament House), National Gallery Singapore (consisting of the Former Supreme Court Building and Former City Hall), National Museum of Singapore (the former Raffles Library and Museum), and Asian Civilisations Museum (the former Empress Place Building). It also includes the memorial such as the Civilian War Memorial, Lim Bo Seng Memorial and The Cenotaph. Other institutions within the district includes Parliament House, Esplanade, Fort Canning, Supreme Court Building, Raffles City, and the City Hall MRT station.

Former Supreme Court, Singapore
The Former Supreme Court building (Malay: Bangunan Mahkamah Agung Lama, Chinese: 最高法院大厦) is the former courthouse of the Supreme Court of Singapore. Opened in 1939, the building was the last structure built in the style of classical architecture in the former British colony. On 20 June 2005, the Supreme Court moved to its current premises at 1 Supreme Court Lane, located behind the Former Supreme Court.

Since 24 November 2015, the Former Supreme Court, combined with the Former City Hall, serves as the location of the National Gallery Singapore.
Fukami
Fukami is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Makoto Fukami (深見真, born 1977), Japanese writer

Rika Fukami (深見 梨加, born 1963), Japanese voice actress

Sueharu Fukami (深見陶治, born 1947), Japanese sculptor

Tadashi Fukami, Japanese professor

Makoto Fukami
Makoto Fukami (Japanese: 深見真, Hepburn: Fukami Makoto, born August 5, 1977) is a Japanese manga artist, novelist, and screenwriter. He started writing manga in 1999 and since has had multiple of his series adapted into other media. In addition to manga, he also did screenwriting for Psycho-Pass and its first film Psycho-Pass: The Movie in 2012 and 2015 respectively, both of which have been well received.
Wrestling Dontaku
Wrestling Dontaku (レスリングどんたく, Resuringu Dontaku) is an annual professional wrestling event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). It takes place at the end of Japan's Golden Week, in the city of Fukuoka alongside the Hakata Dontaku festival in early May.

Hakata Dontaku
The Hakata Dontaku (博多どんたく) is a traditional festival held annually in Fukuoka, Japan, with more than 840 years of history. It has become an important part of the lives of Fukuoka's citizens and is one of the three major festivals in Fukuoka. Following the opening night event of 2 May, a 1.2 km stretch of Meiji-dori, one of Fukuoka's busiest thoroughfares, is closed to vehicles and transformed into "Dontaku Street".
2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards
The 2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards held on Saturday, 14 May 2022 at Eko Hotel and Suites in Lagos. It was set an 8-day event which started on Saturday, 7 May 2022, unlike previous 1 day events.

The nominees were revealed by actors Adesua Etomi-Wellington and Daniel Etim Effiong on Saturday 19 March 2022 in a ceremony. A total of 33 categories were announced, 12 of which are open to public voting. Best Online Social Content Creator was introduced as a new category.

The winner in the Best Soundtrack category won a ₦1 million prize.

Stan Nze and Osas Ighodaro won the award in the Best Actor and Best Actress in a drama respectively for their roles in Rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story. Ramsey Nouah won the Best Director award for the same film. Other award winners include Funke Akindele and Broda Shaggi in the Best Actor and Best Actress in a comedy categories. Amina by Izu Ojukwu & Okey Ogunjiofor win the award for the best overall film.

Stan Nze
Stanley Ebuka Nzediegwu (born May 15,1989 and known professionally as Stan Nze) is a Nigerian actor known for his role in the 2020 remake of Rattlesnake. Stan won the 2022 AMVCA Award under the 'Best Actor in Drama' category for his role played in Rattlesnake.
Vlado Perkovic
Vlado Perkovic is an Australian renal physician and researcher who is the Provost at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, having previously been Dean of Medicine & Health at that University between 2019 and 2023.

He is also an Honorary Fellow at the George Institute for Global Health Australia, and a kidney disease researcher leading a number of international clinical trials.

George Institute for Global Health
The George Institute for Global Health, is an independent medical research institute headquartered in Australia with offices in China, India and the United Kingdom. The George Institute conducts research on non-communicable disease, including heart and kidney disease, stroke, diabetes, and injury. The institute is known for conducting large-scale clinical studies. Between 1999 and 2017, the George has consumed over A$750 million in research grant and fundraising.
GuaraníSat-1
GuaraníSat-1 was the first Paraguayan satellite. The nanosatellite's development was part of a collaboration between the Paraguayan Space Agency and the fourth Joint Global Multination Birds Satellite (Birds-4) multi-national project initiated by the Kyushu Institute of Technology of Japan.

Kyushu Institute of Technology
The Kyushu Institute of Technology (九州工業大学, Kyūshū Kōgyō Daigaku) is one of the 87 national universities in Japan. Located in Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, it is dedicated to education and research in the fields of science and technology. It is earlier abbreviated to KIT and is now officially abbreviated to Kyutech.

The founder was Matsumoto Kenjiro, second son of Yasukawa Keiichiro, and the links with the Yaskawa Electric Corporation (founded in 1915) remain strong to this day. The centenary of the opening of the Tobata campus is being celebrated in 2009, with Founder's Day on May 28, 2009.

One of its famous alumnus is "Mr. Tornado", the severe storms researcher Tetsuya "Ted" Fujita. He graduated in 1943 and was an associate professor until 1953 when he was invited to the University of Chicago.
2005 Big 12 Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2005 Big 12 Conference women's basketball tournament, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2005 Phillips 66 Big 12 Women's Basketball Championship, was the 2005 edition of the Big 12 Conference's championship tournament.  The tournament was held at the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City from 8 March until 12 March 2005.  The Quarterfinals, Semifinals, and Finals were televised on the ESPN family of networks. The championship game, held on March 12, 2005, featured the number 1 seeded Baylor Lady Bears, and the number 3 seeded Kansas State Wildcats. Baylor won the contest by a 68-55 margin.

Kansas State Wildcats
The Kansas State Wildcats (variously "Kansas State", "K-State", or "KSU") are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Kansas State University. The official color of the teams is Royal Purple; white and silver are generally used as complementary colors.

Kansas State participates in the NCAA Division I FBS (Football Bowl Subdivision) and is a member of the Big 12 Conference since 1996. Previously, Kansas State competed in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference until 1912; the Big Eight Conference from 1913 to 1928; and the Big Eight Conference from 1928 to 1996 (known as the Big Six from 1928 to 1947 and the Big Seven from 1947 to 1957).