hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dius Fidius
In ancient Roman religion, Dius Fidius (less often as Dius Fidus) was a god of oaths associated with Jupiter. His name was thought to be related to Fides.

Fidius may be an earlier form for filius, "son", with the name Dius Fidius originally referring to Hercules as a son of Jupiter. According to some writers, the phrase medius fidius was equivalent to mehercule "My Hercules!", a common interjection.

Fides (deity)
In ancient Roman religion, Fides (Latin: Fidēs) was the goddess and embodiment of trust, faithfulness, and good faith (Bona Fides). Fides was one of the original Roman virtues to be cultivated as a divinity with ceremonies and temples.
Shadrin
Shadrin (masculine, Russian: Шадрин) or Shadrina (feminine, Russian: Шадрина) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Shadrin (1988–2014), Uzbekistani soccer player

Andrei Shadrin, Cossack leader in 16th century

Elena Shadrina (born 1982), Russian weightlifter

Nicholas Shadrin (1922–1975), Soviet naval officer and defector

Pavel Shadrin (born 1993), Russian soccer player

Tatiana Shadrina (born 1974), Russian chess player

Vladimir Shadrin (1948–2021), Soviet ice hockey player

Aleksandr Shadrin
Aleksandr Shadrin (Russian: Александр Шадрин; 4 September 1988 – 21 June 2014) was an Uzbekistani professional footballer who played as a striker for Lokomotiv Tashkent and the Uzbekistan national team.
Chiffon pie
A chiffon pie is a type of pie that consists of a special type of airy filling in a crust.  The filling is typically produced by folding meringue into a mixture resembling fruit curd (most commonly lemon) that has been thickened with unflavored gelatin to provide a light, airy texture; it is thus distinguished from a cream pie or mousse pie, which achieve lightness by folding in whipped cream rather than meringue.  This filling is then put into a pre-baked pie shell of variable composition and chilled.  This same technique can also be used with canned pumpkin to produce pumpkin chiffon pie.

The preparation of a mock chiffon pie can be simplified by using flavored gelatin mix and artificial whipped cream substitute.

Meringue
Meringue (/məˈræŋ/ mə-RANG, French: [məʁɛ̃ɡ] ⓘ) is a type of dessert or candy, of French origin, traditionally made from whipped eggwhites and sugar, and occasionally an acidic ingredient such as lemon, vinegar, or cream of tartar. A binding agent such as salt, flour, or gelatin may also be added to the eggs. The key to the formation of a good meringue is the formation of stiff peaks by denaturing the protein ovalbumin (a protein in the egg whites) via mechanical shear.

They are light, airy, and sweet confections. Homemade meringues are often chewy and soft with a crisp exterior, while many commercial meringues are crisp throughout. A uniform crisp texture may be achieved at home by baking at a low temperature (80–90 °C or 176–194 °F) for an extended period of up to two hours.
Asurena
Asurena  is a village development committee in Rupandehi District in Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,947 people living in 718 individual households.

Rupandehi District
Rupandehi District (Nepali: रुपन्देही जिल्ला; pronounced [ɾu.pʌn.de.i; -e.ɦi] ⓘ), a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal and covers an area of 1,360 km2 (530 sq mi). The district headquarter is Bhairahawa. As per the national census 2021, the population of Rupandehi was 1,118,975.
Alberto Toscano
Alberto Toscano (born 1 January 1977) is an Italian cultural critic, social theorist, philosopher, and translator. He has translated the work of Alain Badiou, including Badiou's The Century and Logics of Worlds. He served as both editor and translator of Badiou's Theoretical Writings and On Beckett.

Cultural critic
A cultural critic is a critic of a given culture, usually as a whole. Cultural criticism has significant overlap with social and cultural theory. While such criticism is simply part of the self-consciousness of the culture, the social positions of the critics and the medium they use vary widely. The conceptual and political grounding of criticism also changes over time.
Montebello tenuis
Montebello is a monotypic genus of Australian ground spiders containing the single species, Montebello tenuis. It was first described by Henry Roughton Hogg in 1914, who separated the single species from the Liocranidae. It has only been found in Australia.

Liocranidae
Liocranidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1897. They are one of several groups called "sac spiders".

The holarctic genus Agroeca is the best-known, but it also includes various genera of more obscure spiders that still lack a diagnosis.

Two species in the North American genus Neoanagraphis are found in the extremely dry conditions in the Mojave, Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts.

Females live in animal burrows while males wander and are the ones most often caught in pitfall traps.
Roesler House
Roesler House, in Austin County, Texas about 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Nelsonville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

It is a board-and-batten farmhouse built in 1892.  It has also been known as the Old Roesler Place.

It is a one-and-a-half-story building which is a "good example of a late nineteenth century vernacular German farmhouse in the area."

It was a home of Frederick August Roesler.  As The Old Roesler Place, it is a Recorded Texas Historical Landmark.

Austin County, Texas
Austin County is a rural, agricultural dominated county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 30,167. Its seat is Bellville. The county and region were settled primarily by German immigrants in the 1800s.

Austin County is included in the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. Austin County and the state capital Austin were both named after Stephen F. Austin; the city Austin is in Travis County, about 110 miles to the northwest.
Njabulo Ndebele
Njabulo Simakahle Ndebele (born 4 July 1948) is a South African academic and writer of fiction who is the former vice-chancellor and principal of the University of Cape Town (UCT). On 16 November 2012, he was inaugurated as the chancellor of the University of Johannesburg.

He served on the board of the Nelson Mandela Foundation from its establishment in 2003, and as its chairperson for more than a decade, until his retirement, handing over the position in 2024 to Naledi Pandor.

University of Johannesburg
The University of Johannesburg, colloquially known as UJ, is a public university located in Johannesburg, South Africa. The University of Johannesburg was established on 1 January 2005 as the result of a merger between the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), the Technikon Witwatersrand (TWR) and the Soweto and East Rand campuses of Vista University. Prior to the merger, the Daveyton and Soweto campuses of former Vista University had been incorporated into RAU. As a result of the merger of Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), it is common for alumni to refer to the university as RAU.

The institution is one of the largest comprehensive contact universities in South Africa from the 26 public universities that make up the higher education system. UJ has a student population of more than 50,000, of whom more than 3,000 are international students from 80 countries.
Len Williams (Canadian football)
Len Williams (born October 29, 1971) is a former Canadian Football League quarterback.

After playing his college football at Northwestern University, Williams played 17 games with the Las Vegas Posse in 1994, completing 80 of 138 passes for 1222 yards, 10 touchdowns and 8 interceptions. He also rushed for 86 yards and one touchdown. He played one season for the Calgary Stampeders.

Las Vegas Posse
The Las Vegas Posse were a Canadian Football League (CFL) team, that played at the Sam Boyd Silver Bowl in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, in the league's 1994 season as part of the CFL's failed American expansion. Lasting only one season, the Posse were one of the least successful teams in CFL history, both on the field and off.
Henry Boldero
Henry Kearney Boldero (31 March 1831 – 18 February 1900) was an English cleric and cricketer.

He was the second son of Henry George Boldero, and was educated at Harrow School. He matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1850, graduating B.A. in 1854. He was ordained deacon in 1855, and priest in 1856. He became rector of Yatton Keynell in 1856, and of Grittleton in 1864, presented by Sir John Neeld, 1st Baronet; Neeld was the brother of Henry George Boldero's second wife Mary Elizabeth Neeld.

Boldero played thirteen first-class matches for Cambridge University Cricket Club between 1851 and 1853.

Grittleton
Grittleton is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England,  6 miles (10 km) northwest of Chippenham.  The parish includes the hamlets of Foscote, Leigh Delamere, Littleton Drew and Sevington, and part of the hamlet of The Gibb.

The Gauze Brook, a small tributary of the Avon, rises near Littleton Drew and flows east across the parish. The M4 motorway was opened in 1971 across the south of the parish, passing close to The Gibb, Foscote, Sevington and Leigh Delamere.
Virginia Torczon
Virginia Joanne Torczon is an American applied mathematician and computer scientist known for her research on nonlinear optimization methods including pattern search. She is dean of graduate studies and research, and chancellor professor of computer science, at the College of William & Mary.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
James Aguayo-Martel
James Benjamin Aguayo-Martel is an American physician, surgeon and scientist. He is former chair of surgery, Mercy San Juan Medical Center, former chief of ophthalmology, otolaryngology (ENT), and plastic surgery, Sutter Roseville Medical Center.  He is the former director of ophthalmology, Sutter General and Memorial Hospitals and assistant professor of ophthalmology and radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical School and Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute. He is currently clinical professor of ophthalmology and associate dean of graduate medical education in California Northstate University College of Medicine.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Kyle Roche
Kyle Roche (born October 30, 1987) is an American attorney and real estate developer from Amherst, New York. He co-owns the real estate development company Roche Development, which handles properties within the Allentown Historic District of Buffalo, New York.

In October 2022, Roche resigned from the Roche Freedman law firm, which he originally co-founded, following targeted lawsuits that garnered controversial reception. The firm was later rebranded to Freedman Normand Friedland, and Roche rejoined the firm in July 2024.

Williamsville, New York
Williamsville is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 5,423 at the 2020 census. The village is named after Jonas Williams, an early settler. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.

Williamsville is located mostly within the town of Amherst, but Creek Road and Creek Heights in the south part of the village (near the Wehrle Drive underpass of the New York State Thruway) are in the town of Cheektowaga. The village is in the northeastern quadrant of Erie County.

The Williamsville Central School District is a school system covering Williamsville, most of the eastern part of Amherst, and a small portion of the western end of Clarence.
Jack Newkirk
John Van Kuren "Scarsdale Jack" Newkirk (15 October 1913 – 24 March 1942) was a United States naval aviator and squadron leader with the 1st American Volunteer Group (AVG), also known as the Flying Tigers, who may have led the first American offensive mission of World War II. Most of his combat experience was during the defense of Rangoon, Burma, from Japanese air attacks. After the fall of Rangoon, his unit was operating from within China when he set off on his final mission, as part of an attack on Japanese airfields in Thailand.

Naval aviator (United States)
A naval aviator is a commissioned officer or warrant officer qualified as a crewed aircraft pilot in the United States Navy or United States Marine Corps. United States Coast Guard crewed aircraft pilots are officially designated as "Coast Guard aviators", although they complete the same undergraduate flight training as Navy and Marine Corps crewed aircraft pilots, and are awarded the same aviation breast insignia.
Arija
Arija is a small town and municipality in the province of Burgos, located to the north of the provincial capital Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain. The town's history dates back more than thousand years. Is divided into 'neighborhood above' and 'neighborhood below' or 'Vilga'. It consisted of the Santa Gadea de Alfoz.

The recent history of Arija is linked to the factory of Cristalería Española S.A., that in 1906 settled in the lands of Arija. A French company of the Saint-Gobain Emporium, founded in 1665 by royal privilege of Luis XIV, was specialized in the manufacture of flat glass. This town is now situated on de artificial lake of "Embalso del Ebro" when the Ebro river was dammed.

Ebro
The Ebro (Spanish and Basque [ˈeβɾo] ⓘ; Catalan: Ebre, Western: [ˈeβɾe], Eastern: [ˈeβɾə]) is a river of the north and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain. It rises in Cantabria and flows 930 kilometres (580 mi), almost entirely in an east-southeast direction. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea, forming a delta in the Terres de l'Ebre region, in southern Catalonia. In the Iberian peninsula, it ranks second in length after the Tagus and second in discharge volume, and drainage basin, after the Douro. It is the longest river entirely within Spain; the other two mentioned flow into Portugal.

The Ebro flows through many cities (Spanish: ciudades): Reinosa in Cantabria; Frías and Miranda de Ebro in Castile and León; Haro, Logroño, Calahorra, and Alfaro in La Rioja; Tudela in Navarre; Alagón, Utebo, and Zaragoza in Aragon; and Flix, Móra d'Ebre, Benifallet, Tivenys, Xerta, Aldover, Tortosa, and Amposta in the province of Tarragona (Catalonia).
Clearfield, Pennsylvania
Clearfield is a borough and the county seat of Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 5,962 people, making it the second most populous community in Clearfield County, behind DuBois. The borough is part of the DuBois, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the larger State College-DuBois, PA Combined Statistical Area. The settled area surrounding the borough consists of the nearby census-designated places of Hyde and Plymptonville, which combined with Clearfield have a population of approximately 8,237 people.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
United Learning
United Learning is a group of state-funded schools and fee-paying private schools operating in England. United Learning is the trading name for United Church Schools Trust (UCST) and United Learning Trust (ULT). It is one of the largest 10 charities with the most employees in the UK, with central offices in Peterborough, London and Salford. It is governed by a board of trustees and run by an executive team. In 2012, ULT and UCST rebranded to operate under one name, United Learning. They legally remain as two separate charities.

Chingford
Chingford is a suburban town in east London, England, within the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The centre of Chingford is 9.2 miles (14.8 km) north-east of Charing Cross. Chingford is bounded by the River Lea to the west, Epping Forest to the north and east, and Walthamstow to the south. It had a population of 70,583 at the 2021 census.

The name Chingford was first recorded in 913AD, with the ancient parish of Chingford being a largely rural farming community until urbanisation began in the late 19th century and became particularly pronounced in the interwar period.

The parish of Chingford was part of the Waltham hundred of Essex. The parish was granted urban district status in 1894, and municipal borough status in 1938. Its administrative headquarters were at Chingford Town Hall until 1965 when the Municipal Borough of Chingford merged with the municipal boroughs of Walthamstow and Leyton to form a new borough, Waltham Forest, within the new Greater London.
Upper Paradise
Upper Paradise is a historic building located west of Bellevue, Iowa, United States.  It is one of over 217 limestone structures in Jackson County from the mid-19th century, of which 101 are houses.  It is one of 12 houses with a hip roof, and it is one of two that are capped with a belvedere.  It was built in 1849 into the side of a hill, so the south elevation has three floors and the north elevation has two.  It features limestone sills and lintels.  Another unusual feature of this house is that it was covered in a thick layer of stucco.  The other stone houses in the county that were stuccoed were only given a thin layer.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Lintel
A lintel  or lintol is a type of beam (a horizontal structural element) that spans openings such as  portals, doors, windows and fireplaces. It can be a decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented/structural item. In the case of windows, the bottom span is referred to as a sill, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a load to ensure the integrity of the wall.
Modern-day lintels may be made using prestressed concrete and are also referred to as beams in beam-and-block slabs or as ribs in rib-and-block slabs. These prestressed concrete lintels and blocks can serve as components that are packed together and propped to form a suspended-floor concrete slab.

An arch functions as a curved lintel.
Hylodes meridionalis
Hylodes meridionalis, also known as the Rio Grande tree toad, is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae.
It is endemic to Brazil, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss stemming from deforestation, pine and banana plantations, and water pollution, as well as infection from the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

Environmental issues in Brazil
Environmental issues in Brazil include deforestation, illegal wildlife trade, illegal poaching, air, land degradation, and water pollution caused by mining activities, wetland degradation, pesticide use and severe oil spills, among others. As the home to approximately 13% of all known species, Brazil has one of the most diverse collections of flora and fauna on the planet. Impacts from agriculture and industrialization in the country threaten this biodiversity.
Sapucaí-Mirim
Sapucaí-Mirim is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.

The municipality contains part of the 180,373 hectares (445,710 acres) Fernão Dias Environmental Protection Area, created in 1997.

Southeast Region, Brazil
The Southeast Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Sudeste do Brasil, pronounced [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w suˈdɛstʃi du bɾaˈziw]) is composed of the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. It is the richest region of the country, responsible for approximately 53% of the Brazilian GDP (2022), as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais are the three richest states of Brazil, the top three Brazilian states in terms of GDP. The Southeast of Brazil also has the highest GDP per capita among all Brazilian regions.

The Southeast region accounts for about 44% of Brazil's total population, leading the country in population, urban population, population density, vehicles, industries, universities, airports, ports, highways, hospitals, schools, houses and many other areas.
The Last Stand at Isandlwana
The Last Stand at Isandlwana (originally titled The Last Stand at Isandhula) is an oil painting by Charles Edwin Fripp. It depicts the last stand of the British army at the battle of Isandlwana, and is considered one of the most notable portrayings of the Anglo-Zulu war. It is currently exhibited at the National Army Museum in London.

Cetshwayo
Cetshwayo kaMpande (/kɛtʃˈwaɪ.oʊ/; Zulu pronunciation: [ᵏǀétʃwajo kámpande]; c. 1826 – 8 February 1884) was the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1884 and its Commander in Chief during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. His name has been rendered as Cetywayo or Cetshwayo. Cetshwayo consistently opposed the war and sought fruitlessly to make peace with the British and was defeated and exiled following the Zulu defeat in the war. He was later allowed to return to Zululand, where he died in 1884.