hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stalin and His Hangmen
Stalin and His Hangmen: An Authoritative Portrait of a Tyrant and Those Who Served Him by Donald Rayfield, and the imprinted with another subtitle: Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him, is a 2004 political biography by Donald Rayfield, of Joseph Stalin and his subordinates who ran the Soviet secret police: Felix Dzerzhinsky, Vyacheslav Menzhinsky, Genrikh Yagoda, Nikolai Yezhov and Lavrentiy Beria.

The books are based on recent publication by Russian authors of material from Soviet archives that started to open after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and from some private holdings, including the Nestor Lakoba archive (acquired by the Hoover Institute). It demonstrates how Cheka and its successors were indispensable in Stalin's consolidation and maintenance of power.

Nikolai Yezhov
Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov (Russian: Николай Иванович Ежов, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ (j)ɪˈʐof]; 1 May 1895 – 4 February 1940), also spelt Ezhov, was a Soviet secret police official under Joseph Stalin who was head of the NKVD from 1936 to 1938, at the height of the Great Purge. Yezhov organized mass arrests, torture, and executions during the Great Purge, but he fell out of favour with Stalin and was arrested, subsequently admitting in a confession to a range of anti-Soviet activity including "unfounded arrests" during the Purge. He was executed in 1940 along with others who were blamed for the Purge.
1991–92 Honduran Segunda División
The 1991–92 Honduran Segunda División was the 25th season of the Honduran Segunda División.  Under the management of Jorge Rivera, Real Maya won the tournament after finishing first in the final round (or Hexagonal) and obtained promotion to the 1992–93 Honduran Liga Nacional.

1992–93 Honduran Liga Nacional
The 1992–93 Honduran Liga Nacional season was the 27th edition of the Honduran Liga Nacional.  The format of the tournament remained the same as the previous season.  Club Deportivo Olimpia won the title after winning the regular season and the final round and qualified to the 1994 CONCACAF Champions' Cup along with runners-up C.D. Petrotela.
Leave the World Behind (soundtrack)
Leave the World Behind (Soundtrack from the Netflix Film) is the soundtrack to the 2023 Netflix film Leave the World Behind, directed by Sam Esmail based on the 2020 novel of the same name by Rumaan Alam. The film's score is composed by Mac Quayle and released through Netflix Music on December 8, 2023, in conjunction with the film's Netflix release.

Mac Quayle
Frederick MacDonald "Mac" Quayle, Jr. is an American composer for film, television, and video games. He has worked as the score composer for several TV series, including American Horror Story, Mr. Robot, Scream Queens, American Crime Story, Feud, Pose, 9-1-1 and its spinoff 9-1-1: Lone Star, The Politician, and The Beauty. Quayle has also scored additional music for films and video games, and has mixed and produced scores led by other composers.

Quayle began his career in the late 1980s, working with producer Hex Hector as HQ2 and briefly performing in hip-hop band Rise Robots Rise. He worked with Cliff Martinez as an additional composer for several films, including Drive, Contagion (both 2011), and Spring Breakers (2013). He won the Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for Mr. Robot, and has also been nominated for three other Creative Arts Emmy Awards.
Victoria J. Fraser
Victoria J. Fraser is an American physician.

Fraser graduated from William Woods College before earning a medical degree from the University of Missouri School of Medicine. After completing her residency at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, she joined the Washington University School of Medicine faculty in 1991. Fraser was subsequently named J. William Campbell Professor of Medicine, serving until her appointment as Adolphus Busch Professor of Medicine and department chair in 2012.

William Woods University
William Woods University is a private university in Fulton, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1870, the university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Expanding its mission to address the need for graduate and adult-oriented programs, the institution became known as William Woods University in 1993. It began offering graduate degrees and admitting men as well as women into all of its programs. It enrolled 1,681 students in 2021.
Edward Shils
Edward Albert Shils (1 July 1910 – 23 January 1995) was a Distinguished Service Professor in the Committee on Social Thought and in Sociology at the University of Chicago and an influential sociologist. He was known for his research on the role of intellectuals and their relations to power and public policy. His work was honored in 1983 when he was awarded the Balzan Prize. In 1979, he was selected by the National Council on the Humanities to give the Jefferson Lecture, the highest award given by the U.S. federal government for distinguished intellectual achievement in the humanities.

Jefferson Lecture
The Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities is an honorary lecture series established in 1972 by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH).  According to the NEH, the Lecture is "the highest honor the federal government confers for distinguished intellectual achievement in the humanities."
2017–18 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 2017–18 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 48th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The competition began on 8 October 2017 and ended on 24 March 2018.

The defending champion was Cuala of Dublin. Liam Mellows of Galway and Dicksboro of Kilkenny returned to the championship after long absences.

Cuala defeated Na Piarsaigh by 2–17 to 1–17 in the final replay on 24 March 2018 to win the competition. This was the club's second successive title.

Cuala's David Treacy was the competition's top scorer, finishing with 0–44.

Na Piarsaigh GAA (Limerick)
Na Piarsaigh (Irish pronunciation: [n̪ˠə ˈpʲiəɾˠsˠiː], na PEER-see) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club situated on the north side of Limerick City, Ireland. It was founded in 1968.  Following their 2-8 to 2-6 victory in the 2022 Limerick Intermediate Football Championship over Dromcollogher Broadford, Na Piarsaigh are one of four dual senior clubs in hurling and Gaelic football in Limerick. As of 2024, the club fields five adult teams three in hurling (senior, Intermediate & Junior) and two in football (Senior & Junior), the most of any club in Limerick.
Sewa Padakkama
The Sewa Padakkama (Sinhala: සේවා පදක්කම; Service Medal) is a service medal awarded to servicepersons of the Military of Sri Lanka, for services to the nation and its development following the conclusion of the Sri Lankan Civil War in May 2009.

Service medal
A service medal is an award to individuals who participated in designated wars, campaigns, or expeditions, or who have fulfilled specific service requirements in a creditable manner. Service medals are sometimes also campaign medals.
Babi dynasty
The Babi dynasty was a Pashtun dynasty that formed the ruling royal houses of various kingdoms and later princely states.  The Babi, also known as Babai, were originally of Afghan descent and largely resided in India as well as some parts of Pakistan. The community traces its royal origins to the dynasty founded by Sher Khanji Babi in 1654, who was himself a ruler from the dynasty's founding until 1690. The last Nawab of the British Indian princely state of Junagadh, Muhammad Mahabat Khan III, signed an Instrument of Accession and acceded his princely state of Junagadh, as well as its vassal state of Sardargadh, Bantva Manavadar, to the Dominion of Pakistan after the Partition of British India in 1947. However, the accession and annexation was not recognized by the Dominion of India.

Vassal state
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe. Vassal states were common among the empires of the Near East, dating back to the era of the Egyptian, Ottoman, Hittite, and Mitanni conflict, as well as in ancient China.

The relationships between vassal rulers and empires were dependent upon the policies and agreements of each empire. While the payment of tribute and military service was common amongst vassal states, the degree of independence and benefits given to vassal states varied. Today, more common terms are puppet state, protectorate, client state, associated state, or satellite state.
Antigua and Barbuda–Venezuela relations
In June 2009 Antigua and Barbuda became a formal member of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) international cooperation organization and the Caribbean oil alliance Petrocaribe. In 2009 Antigua and Barbuda received US$50 million from Venezuela. After American billionaire Allen Stanford's banks failed, Chávez sent financial assistance to Antigua and Barbuda, which was dependent on Stanford's investment when his business empire collapsed.

ALBA
ALBA or ALBA–TCP, formally the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (Spanish: Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América) or the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty (Spanish: Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América – Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos), is an intergovernmental organization based on the idea of political and economic integration of Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Founded initially by Cuba and Venezuela in 2004, it is associated with socialist and social democratic governments wishing to consolidate regional economic integration based on a vision of social welfare, bartering and mutual economic aid. The ten member countries are Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Nicaragua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Venezuela. Suriname was admitted to ALBA as a guest country at a February 2012 summit.
Premio Fernanda Pivano
The Fernanda Pivano Award for American Literature is an Italian literary award for American authors. It is named in honor of Fernanda Pivano.

The Fernanda Pivano Award represents the work of spreading American literature that Pivano undertook in Italy. The beginning of her literary journey dates back to 1943, with the publication of the first translation of the Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters.

Since 2009, the Award took over the specific objective of promoting the works of American writers in Italy.

Spoon River Anthology
Spoon River Anthology is a 1915 collection of short free verse poems by Edgar Lee Masters. The poems collectively narrate the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the Spoon River, which ran near Masters's home town of Lewistown, Illinois. The aim of the poems is to demystify rural and small town American life. The collection includes 212 separate characters, in all providing 244 accounts of their lives, losses, and manners of death. Many of the poems contain cross-references that create a candid tapestry of the community. The poems originally were published in 1914 in the St. Louis, Missouri, literary journal Reedy's Mirror, under the pseudonym Webster Ford.
Boji Chokorsa
Boji Chokorsa is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. It is part of the West Welega Zone and part of former Boji woreda. It is bounded by Nejo in the north, Boji Dirmaji in the northeast, Lalo Asabi in the southeast and Guliso in the south. Muklemi is the administrative center.

West Welega Zone
West Wollega Zone (Oromo: Wallagga Lixaa) is a zone in the western part of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. This zone is named after the former province of Wollega, whose western part lay in the area West Wollega now occupies.

West Wellega is bordered on the west by Kelam Welega Zone, on the north by the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, on the east for a short space by East Wollega, and on the southeast by Ilu  Aba Bor. Its highest point is Mount Welel. Towns and cities in West Wollega include Dambidolo, Gimbi, Mendi, and Nejo.

The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) reported that 40,606 tons of coffee were produced in West and East Wollega combined in the year ending in 2005, based on inspection records from the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea authority. This represents 35.3% of the Region's output and 17.9% of Ethiopia's total output.
Rubem Biáfora
Rubem Biáfora (born 19
June 1922 in São Paulo, Brazil; died 14 January 1996 in São Paulo) was a Brazilian film director, screenwriter and producer. He also worked as a film critic for O Estado de S. Paulo.

He wrote and directed Ravina (1958), a Brazilian adaptation of Wuthering Heights, starring Eliane Lage and Mário Sérgio.

His short film Mário Gruber won a first prize.

O Estado de S. Paulo
O Estado de S. Paulo (Portuguese pronunciation: [u isˈtadu dʒi sɐ̃w ˈpawlu]; lit. 'The State of São Paulo'), also known as Estadão (Portuguese: [istaˈdɐ̃w]; lit. 'Big State'), is a daily newspaper published in São Paulo, Brazil. It is the third largest newspaper in Brazil, and its format changed from broadsheet to Berliner on October 17, 2021.

It has the second-largest circulation in the city of São Paulo, behind only Folha de S. Paulo. The journal was founded on 4 January 1875, and was first called A Província de São Paulo (lit. 'The Province of São Paulo'). O Estado de S. Paulo is described by observers as having a right-wing, conservative editorial stance. It is considered a newspaper of record for Brazil.
Disk operating system
A disk operating system (DOS) is a computer operating system that requires a disk or other direct-access storage device as secondary storage. A DOS provides a file system and a means for loading and running programs stored on the disk.

The term is now historical, as most if not all operating systems for general-purpose computers now require direct-access storage devices as secondary storage.

UNIVAC 1100/2200 series
The UNIVAC 1100/2200 series is a series of compatible 36-bit computer systems, beginning with the UNIVAC 1107 in 1962, initially made by Sperry Rand. The series continues to be supported today by Unisys Corporation as the ClearPath Dorado Series. The solid-state 1107 model number was in the same sequence as the earlier vacuum-tube computers, but the early computers were not compatible with their solid-state successors.
History of nihilism
The history of nihilism encompasses the development of a variety of views that deny certain aspects of existence. It is primarily associated with modernity and encompasses views that reject the meaning of life, the existence of moral phenomena, the possibility of objective knowledge, and established political and social structures.

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (/dʒəˈkoʊbi/; German: [jaˈkoːbi]; 25 January 1743 – 10 March 1819) was a German philosopher, writer and socialite. He is best known for popularizing the concept of nihilism. He promoted the idea that it is the necessary result of Enlightenment thought and the philosophical systems of Baruch Spinoza, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling.

Jacobi advocated Glaube (variously translated as faith or "belief") and Offenbarung (revelation) instead of speculative reason. According to one view, Jacobi can be seen to have anticipated present-day writers who criticize secular philosophy as relativistic and dangerous for religious faith. His aloofness from the Sturm and Drang movement was the basis of a brief friendship with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

He was the younger brother of poet Johann Georg Jacobi and the father of the great psychiatrist Maximilian Jacobi.
Verbandsliga Sachsen-Anhalt
The Verbandsliga Sachsen-Anhalt is the sixth tier of the German football league system and the highest league in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt (German: Sachsen-Anhalt). Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fifth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the fourth tier.

1. FC Magdeburg
1. FC Magdeburg is a German association football club based in Magdeburg. The club was founded in 1965 from the football department of the sports club SC Magdeburg and has been one of the top teams in the East German Oberliga, winning three championships and seven cup titles. By winning the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1974, the club became the only East German club to win a European trophy and also achieved the greatest success in its history. After German reunification, the club fell on hard times but returned to professional football in 2015 with the promotion to the 3. Liga. Afterwards the team managed in 2018 to climb up to the second division, in which the team plays today.
HMS Trepassey (1789)
HMS Trepassey (or Trepassy) was the  second vessel of her two vessel class, with both vessels being launched in 1789. John Henslow designed the small sloops for coastal patrol duties off Newfoundland, "to protect the fisheries and inquiring into abuses." In 1793, after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars, she accepted the surrender of Miquelon. This appears to have been the highpoint of her career. She disappears from the records in 1807.

Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland was an English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland.
Harden Furniture
Harden Furniture (officially Harden Furniture, Inc.) was a privately owned furniture manufacturer based in McConnellsville in Oneida County, New York. It has been the oldest furniture manufacturer in the United States.

In 2019, Big Shoulders Capital acquired the company in a foreclosure sale, and after several attempts to restart manufacturing sold its machinery and equipment in October of same year. Former owner, Gregory Harden, who still owns the real estate planned to continue operations under a new company name. As of 2020, the real estate has also been sold to B&B company of Jamesville, New York.

McConnellsville, New York
McConnellsville is a hamlet in Oneida County, New York, United States. The community is located along New York State Route 13, 5.1 miles (8.2 km) southeast of Camden. McConnellsville had a post office from August 2, 1824, until February 26, 1994; it still has its own ZIP code, 13401.
Perfect Hair Forever
Perfect Hair Forever is an American adult animated television series created by Mike Lazzo, Matt Harrigan, and Matt Maiellaro for Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim. The series revolves around a young boy named Gerald Bald Z and his quest to find perfect hair, parodying story conventions of shōnen anime.

Perfect Hair Forever premiered on November 7, 2004, and ended on April 1, 2007, with a total of 7 episodes. Two additional episodes premiered unannounced on April 1, 2014, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' Day stunt. The series is a spin-off of Space Ghost Coast to Coast.

April Fools' Day
April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day (rarely called All Fools' Day) is an annual custom on the 1st of April consisting of practical jokes, hoaxes, and pranks. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting "April Fool[s]!" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved with these pranks, which may be revealed as such the following day. The custom of setting aside a day for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbor has been relatively common in the world historically.
James Rosier
James Rosier (1573–1609) was an English explorer, notable for his account of a 1605 expedition to America, in which he describes native peoples and fauna of northern New England. He describes a journey along a "great river", but the identity of the river is not known for certain.

Penobscot River
The Penobscot River (Abenaki: Pαnawάhpskewtəkʷ) is a 109-mile-long (175 km) river in the U.S. state of Maine.  Including the river's West Branch and South Branch increases the Penobscot's length to 264 miles (425 km), making it the second-longest river system in Maine and the longest entirely in the state.  Its drainage basin contains 8,610 square miles (22,300 km2).

It arises from four branches in several lakes in north-central Maine, which flow generally east. After the uniting of the West Branch with the East Branch at Medway (45°36′14″N 68°31′52″W﻿ / ﻿45.604°N 68.531°W﻿ / 45.604; -68.531﻿ (Penobscot River source)), the Penobscot flows 109 miles (175 km) south, past the city of Bangor, where it becomes navigable. Also at Bangor is the tributary Kenduskeag Stream. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean in Penobscot Bay. It is home to the Penobscot people that live on Indian Island, and considered to be The People's lifeblood.
Migration Period art
Migration Period art denotes the artwork of the Germanic peoples during the Migration period (c. 300 – 800). It includes the Migration art of the Germanic tribes on the continent, as well the start of the Insular art or Hiberno-Saxon art of the Anglo-Saxon and Celtic fusion in Britain and Ireland. It covers many different styles of art including the polychrome style and the animal style. After Christianization, Migration Period art developed into various schools of Early Medieval art in Western Europe which are normally classified by region, such as Anglo-Saxon art and Carolingian art, before the continent-wide styles of Romanesque art and finally Gothic art developed.

Jutes
The Jutes (/dʒuːts/ JOOTS) were one of the Germanic tribes who settled in Great Britain after the departure of the Romans. According to Bede, they were one of the three most powerful Germanic nations, along with the Angles and the Saxons:

Those who came over were of the three most powerful nations of Germany—Saxons, Angles, and Jutes. From the Jutes are descended the people of Kent, and of the Isle of Wight, and those also in the province of the West Saxons who are to this day called Jutes, seated opposite to the Isle of Wight.

There is no consensus amongst historians on the origins of the Jutes. One hypothesis is that they originated from the Jutland Peninsula  but after a Danish invasion of that area, migrated to the Frisian coast. From the Frisian coast they went on to settle southern Britain in the later fifth century during the Migration Period, as part of a larger wave of Germanic migration into Britain.
They were possibly or probably related to the North Germanic tribe Geats.
Potarophytum
Potarophytum is a group of plants in the family Rapateaceae described as a genus in 1939.

The only known species is Potarophytum riparium, endemic to the Kaieteur National Park in the Potaro-Siparuni region of Guyana.

Potaro-Siparuni
Potaro-Siparuni (Region 8) is a region of Guyana. It borders the region of Cuyuni-Mazaruni to the north, the regions of Upper Demerara-Berbice and East Berbice-Corentyne to the east, the region of Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo to the south and Brazil to the west.

The main villages in the region are Campbelltown, Orinduik, Mahdia, Paramakatoi and Tumatumari.
Shiv Nadar University
Shiv Nadar University (Institute of Eminence) is a private university located near Greater Noida, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was founded in 2011 by Shiv Nadar, the founder and chairman of HCL.

HCLTech
HCL Technologies Limited (d/b/a HCLTech) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) consulting company headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. Founded by Shiv Nadar, it was spun out in 1991 when HCL entered into the software services business. The company has offices in 60 countries and over 220,000 employees. It is the third-largest India-headquartered IT services company by revenue and market capitalization as of 2024.