hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Guenther House
The Richard Guenther House in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States, is a large, fine Queen Anne house designed by Waters and built by Jacob Rheiner in 1888 for Richard W. Guenther. Guenther was a Prussian immigrant who owned a drug store in Oshkosh, became Wisconsin state treasurer, U.S. representative, and consul to Mexico City, Frankfurt, and Cape Town.  From 1906 to 1913 the large house hosted Dr. M. E. Corbett's new Lakeside Sanitorium and Training School for Nurses, the first hospital in Oshkosh, which later evolved into Mercy Medical Center.

Largely unaltered, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its architectural significance, for its association with Guenther, and for its service as Oshkosh's first hospital.

Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Oshkosh (/ˈɒʃkɒʃ/ ⓘ) is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located on the western shore of Lake Winnebago, adjacent to the much less populous Town of Oshkosh in the north. The population was 66,816 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Oshkosh metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Winnebago County, had 171,730 residents. Oshkosh is included in the greater Fox Cities region of Wisconsin.
Abuja Connection
Abuja Connection is a 2003 Nollywood action film thriller directed by Michael Ezeanyaeche and starring Clarion Chukwura-Abiola. There were two other parts, Abuja Connection 2 and Abuja Connection 3, both directed by Adim Williams.

Nollywood
Nollywood, a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood, is a sobriquet that originally referred to the Nigerian film industry. The origin of the term goes back to the early 2000s, traced to an article in The New York Times. Due to the history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition for the term, which has made it a subject of several controversies.
Iwasawa theory
In number theory, Iwasawa theory is the study of objects of arithmetic interest over infinite towers of number fields. It began as a Galois module theory of ideal class groups, initiated by Kenkichi Iwasawa (1959) (岩澤 健吉), as part of the theory of cyclotomic fields. In the early 1970s, Barry Mazur considered generalizations of Iwasawa theory to abelian varieties. More recently (early 1990s), Ralph Greenberg has proposed an Iwasawa theory for motives.

Ideal class group
In mathematics, the ideal class group (or class group) of an  algebraic number field  is the quotient group  where  is the group of fractional ideals of the ring of integers of , and  is its subgroup of principal ideals. The class group is a measure of the extent to which unique factorization fails in the ring of integers of . The order of the group, which is finite, is called the class number of .

The theory extends to Dedekind domains and their fields of fractions, for which the multiplicative properties are intimately tied to the structure of the class group. For example, the class group of a Dedekind domain is trivial if and only if the ring is a unique factorization domain.
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a neuropeptide that when infused into the mesodiencephalic ventricle of recipient rabbits induces spindle and delta EEG activity and reduced motor activities.

Its amino acid sequence is Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (WAGGDASGE). The gene has yet to be found in rabbits, along with any receptors or precursor peptides. However, searches through BLAST have found that it aligns with a hypothetical Amycolatopsis coloradensis protein. This could indicate that DSIP has a bacterial origin.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
James L. English
James Lawrence English (June 5, 1813 – May 29, 1889) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician.

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, English lived in Pettis County, Missouri, prior to moving to Sacramento, California, in 1853. Shortly after his arrival, he became associated with Philip Leget Edwards in the Sacramento law firm of Edwards and English.

English was Mayor of Sacramento in 1855. From 1857 to 1858, he was California State Treasurer. He also served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876.

James L. English died at age 76 in Sacramento. He is interred in the Sacramento Historic City Cemetery.

Philip Leget Edwards
Philip Leget Edwards (July 14, 1812 – May 1, 1869) was an American educator from the state of Kentucky and first teacher in what became the state of Oregon. After teaching in Missouri, he traveled to the Oregon Country with Jason Lee and helped establish the Methodist Mission. He was also involved with the Willamette Cattle Company before returning to Missouri where he became a lawyer and was on officer in the militia fighting against the Mormons. After moving to California, he served in the state assembly.
Carlo Aquino
Carlo Jose Liwanag Aquino (born September 3, 1985) is a Filipino actor and musician known for being the lead singer of the band Kollide and formerly of JCS with John Prats and Stefano Mori. Aquino achieved critical recognition for his performance in the 1998 film Bata, Bata... Pa'no Ka Ginawa? with veteran actress Vilma Santos based on the award-winning novel by Lualhati Bautista.

Lualhati Bautista
Lualhati Torres Bautista (December 2, 1945 – February 12, 2023) was a Filipina writer, liberal activist, and political critic. Her most popular novels are Dekada '70 (1983), Bata, Bata... Pa'no Ka Ginawa?, and 'GAPÔ (both 1988).
Buddha Jumps Over the Wall
Buddha Jumps Over the Wall, also known as Buddha's Temptation or fotiaoqiang (Chinese: 佛跳牆; pinyin: fótiàoqiáng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu̍t-thiàu-chhiûⁿ), is a variety of shark fin soup in Fujian cuisine. This dish is known in Chinese cuisine for its rich taste and special manner of cooking. The dish's name is an allusion to the dish's ability to entice the vegetarian Buddhist monks from their temples to partake in the meat-based dish, and implies that even the strictly vegetarian Gautama Buddha would try to jump over a wall to sample it. It is high in protein and calcium. It is one of China's state banquet dishes.

Concerns over the sustainability and welfare of sharks limited its consumption and led to various modified versions without the usage of shark fin as ingredient.

Buddhist vegetarianism
Buddhist vegetarianism is the practice of vegetarianism by significant portions of Mahayana Buddhist monastics and laypersons as well as some Buddhists of other sects. In Buddhism, the views on vegetarianism vary between different schools of thought. The Mahayana schools generally recommend a vegetarian diet, claiming that Gautama Buddha set forth in some of the sutras that his followers must not eat the flesh of any sentient being.
Jon Hume
Jon Cobbe Hume (born Jonathan Daniel Cobbe) is an Australian-born New Zealand musician, songwriter and producer based between Los Angeles and Nashville. He has written and produced songs for JP Cooper, Galantis, Bebe Rexha, Guy Sebastian, Sofi Tukker, Dean Lewis, Icona Pop, Elle King, Joshua Bassett, Wilder Woods and Zhu. He is also known as the eldest of three brothers (with Peter and Dann Hume) who made up the New Zealand band Evermore (1999–2014), of which he was the lead singer.

In 2019 Hume and Lewis were acknowledged by APRA AMCOS for co-writing "Be Alright" when it was added to their billion streams list. At the APRA Music Awards of 2023, Hume won Most Performed Alternative Work for co-writing "Hurtless" with Lewis; it was also nominated for Most Performed Australian Work. Hume's song "Don't Forget" featured as the theme song for the second, third and fourth seasons of Welcome to Wrexham.

Welcome to Wrexham
Welcome to Wrexham is an American sports documentary television series that premiered on August 24, 2022, on FX. The series documents the events of Welsh association football club Wrexham A.F.C. after its purchase by new owners, Ryan Reynolds and Rob McElhenney. The series received critical acclaim, winning eight Primetime Emmy Awards and two Critics' Choice Television Awards. Its fourth season premiered on May 15, 2025, and a fifth season was announced days later.
Žeimena
The Žeimena River is a river in Aukštaitija, eastern Lithuania, and right tributary of Neris River. Žeimena begins in Labanoras Forest and at Lake Žeimenys. Žeimena flows to the south passing Kaltanėnai town, Švenčionėliai city, and Pabradė city. Its confluence with Neris is located near the border of Švenčionys and Vilnius districts. The main tributaries of Žeimena are Lakaja, Saria, Mera, Kiauna, Luknelė and Jusinė.

Žeimena is one of the cleanest rivers in Lithuania. Also, it is one of the main places of salmon's spawning. The length of Žeimena is an object of discussion because it originates in a large lakeland of Aukštaitija National Park. The lakeland has many lakes that are interconnected by various rivers and streams, so it is difficult to say which lake is the source of which river. Traditionally, Lake Žeimenys is considered to be the source of Žeimena.

Kaltanėnai
Kaltanėnai (Polish: Kołtyniany) is a town in Švenčionys district municipality, Vilnius County, east Lithuania. According to the Lithuanian census of 2021, the town has a population of 190 people. The town has a Catholic church.
Felix Faust
Felix Faust is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in Justice League of America #10 (1962), created by Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky. He is depicted as a mystic sorcerer,  obsessed with restoring himself to his former might after being robbed of much of his power during a battle with Doctor Mist. While typically empowered by the demonic powers of a trio of brothers known as the "Demons Three", to whom he sold his soul in a faustian deal, the character also frequently targets other magical entities and objects to strengthen his power, putting him frequently at odds with numerous superhero teams.

Faust has been adapted into numerous media outside comics, including television series and video games. Robert Englund, Dee Bradley Baker, and Jon Cryer, among others, have voiced the character in animation. Faust appeared in live-action in the 2014 television series Constantine, portrayed by Mark Margolis.

Magician (fantasy)
A magician, also known as an archmage, mage, magus, magic-user, spellcaster, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer/sorceress, warlock, witch, or wizard, is someone who uses or practices magic derived from supernatural, occult, or arcane sources.: 54  Magicians enjoy a rich history in mythology, legends, fiction, and folklore, and are common figures in works of fantasy, such as fantasy literature and role-playing games.
Libpng
libpng is the official Portable Network Graphics (PNG) reference library (originally called pnglib). It is a platform-independent library that contains C functions for handling PNG images. It supports almost all of PNG's features, is extensible, and has been widely used and tested for over 28 years. libpng is dependent on zlib for data compression and decompression routines.

libpng is released under the libpng license, a permissive free software licence, and is free software. It is frequently used in both free and proprietary software, either directly or through the use of a higher level image library.

As of 2017 the latest versions in the 1.6.x and 1.5.x branches were considered as release versions, while 1.4.x, 1.2.x, and 1.0.x were considered as legacy versions getting only security fixes. All vulnerability warnings and crash bugs are published on the main page.

Reference implementation
In the software development process, a reference implementation (or, less frequently, sample implementation or model implementation) is a program that implements all requirements from a corresponding specification. The reference implementation often accompanies a technical standard, and demonstrates what should be considered the "correct" or what must^  the behavior of any other implementation of it.
Echo School (Echo, Utah)
The Echo School, located at 3441 S. Echo Rd., in Echo, Utah is a historic two-room schoolhouse that was built in 1914 and used as a school into the 1940s.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

It's a one-story building with a hipped roof in a rural setting.  The building was moved to make way for a highway developed in 1955;  it was then placed on a concrete foundation and otherwise improved.  It was then used for community functions and as a Veterans of Foreign Wars meeting hall.  It was used less in those ways from about 1970 on.

It was deemed significant in 1997 as Echo's only surviving purpose-built school.

Echo, Utah
Echo is a census-designated place located in northwestern Summit County, Utah, United States. The population was 60 at the 2020 census.

Echo was founded in 1854. The community took its name from nearby Echo Canyon.
Audio typist
An audio typist is someone who specialises in typing text from a vocal source which they listen to.  The original voice document is usually recorded onto microcassettes by someone dictating into a Dictaphone.  The audio typist will have learnt to touch type at a high speed which means they can look at the monitor or keep an eye on a waiting area as they are typing because they do not need to look at the keyboard. A specialist player called a micro cassette transcriber (below) is used for playback of the cassettes to maximise the typing speed.

An audio typist or a secretary with this skill will quote their speed in words per minute (abbreviated to wpm) on their CV and may be asked to demonstrate their speed and accuracy of this skill as part of the interview or application process.

Dictaphone
Dictaphone was an American company founded by Alexander Graham Bell that produced dictation machines. It is now a division of Nuance Communications, based in Burlington, Massachusetts.

Although the name "Dictaphone" is a trademark, it has become genericized as a means to refer to any dictation machine.
Aram Asatryan
Aram Hapeti Asatryan (Armenian: Արամ Հապետի Ասատրյան; 3 March 1953 – 7 November 2006) was an Armenian singer and songwriter of Armenian pop and rabiz music, known for his energetic concerts. He is widely regarded as the pioneer of the "rabiz" music genre and to this day remains the most popular rabiz singer of all time.

Music of Armenia
The music of Armenia (Armenian: հայկական երաժշտություն haykakan yerazhshtut’yun) has its origins in the Armenian highlands, dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE, and is a long-standing musical tradition that encompasses diverse secular and religious, or sacred, music (such as the sharakan Armenian chant and taghs, along with the indigenous khaz musical notation). Folk music was notably collected and transcribed by Komitas Vardapet, a prominent composer and musicologist, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who is also considered the founder of the modern Armenian national school of music. Armenian music has been presented internationally by numerous artists, such as composers Aram Khachaturian, Alexander Arutiunian, Arno Babajanian, Haig Gudenian, and Karen Kavaleryan as well as by traditional performers such as duduk player Djivan Gasparyan.
Tasiast Gold Mine
The Tasiast gold mine is a gold deposit located in central western Mauritania, near the coast. The operating licence was granted to Tasiast Mauritanie Limited S.A. (TMLSA), a subsidiary of the Canadian group Kinross Gold Corporation. Mining activities began in 2007.

The mine is located in the Inchiri and Dakhlet Nouadhibou regions, 250 kilometres (160 mi) south-west of Nouadhibou and 300 kilometres (190 mi) north of Nouakchott. In 2022, the mine produced 538,591 ounces of gold (15.2 tonnes). Tasiast is an open-pit mine. Gold is extracted using conventional methods, and processed by crushing, grinding and leaching with cyanide.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Glinnik, Gmina Głowno
Glinnik [ˈɡlinnik] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głowno, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately five kilometres (3.1 mi) north-west of Głowno, 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and 27 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
Simon Gempeler
Simon Gempeler (born 9 May 1986) is a Swiss curler. He was born in Frutigen. He won gold medal with the Swiss team at the 2013 European Curling Championships in Stavanger. He competed at the 2013 World Curling Championships, and at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

2013 European Curling Championships
The 2013 European Curling Championships were held from November 22 to 30 at the Sørmarka Arena in Stavanger, Norway. Norway last hosted the European Curling Championships in 1990. The Group C competitions were held in October at the Tårnby Curling Club in Tårnby, Denmark.

At the conclusion of the championships, the top eight women's teams advanced to the 2014 Ford World Women's Curling Championship, and the top eight men's teams advanced to the 2014 World Men's Curling Championship.
Walter Steinbauer
Walter Steinbauer (20 January 1945 in Dissen am Teutoburger Wald – 28 May 1991) was a West German bobsledder who competed from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo.

Steinbauer also won four medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with one gold (1969), one silver (1970, and two bronzes (1971, 1973).

1972 Winter Olympics
The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the XI Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Sapporo 1972, were a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe and North America.
I'm Back U Know
I'm Back U Know is the first of 3 mixtapes by Tinchy Stryder, It was released on 2 March 2006 on the label Boy Better Know. The mixtape sees Stryder rapping with big-name rappers  such as Wiley, Kano and Flow Dan from the grime collective Roll Deep. Featuring 17 original productions with Stryder on the mic from start to finish with tracks including big grime hits such as "I'm Pro", "96 Bars" and "1 of them Days".

Boy Better Know
Boy Better Know, often abbreviated as BBK, is a British grime collective and record label. The collective was founded in North London in 2005 as an independent record label by brothers Jamie and Joseph Adenuga, better known as Jme and Skepta, respectively. The former also serves as a sole owner and director of an associated company, Boy Better Know Limited, incorporated in 2008. All members of the collective use the record label as a means to publish their music, and is digitally distributed by The Orchard, a subsidiary of Sony Music.
Lothar von Kübel
Lothar Kübel or (from 1870) von Kübel (22 April 1823 in Sinzheim – 3 August 1881 in Sankt Peter, Baden-Württemberg) was a German Roman Catholic clergyman, who acted as auxiliary bishop and Apostolic Administrator in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg. A street in his birthplace as well as the town's Realschule and Hauptschule are all named after him.

Archdiocese of Freiburg
The Archdiocese of Freiburg im Breisgau (Latin Archidioecesis Friburgensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Baden-Württemberg comprising the former states of Baden and Hohenzollern. The Archdiocese of Freiburg is led by an archbishop, who also serves as the metropolitan bishop of the Upper-Rhine ecclesiastical province for the suffragan dioceses of Mainz and Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Its seat is Freiburg Minster in Freiburg im Breisgau.

The 14th Archbishop of Freiburg, Robert Zollitsch, followed his predecessor Oskar Saier, who served from 1978 to 2002. On May 30, 2014 Stephan Burger was elected by the Chapter as the new Archbishop of Freiburg. He was ordained as bishop on June 29, 2014.
Vítor Gaspar
Vítor Louçã Rabaça Gaspar (born 9 November 1960), GCIH is a Portuguese economist and former politician, who served as Minister of Finance and Minister of State in the XIX Constitutional Government of Portugal from 21 June 2011 until his resignation on 2 July 2013.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".