hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canton of Norrent-Fontes
The Canton of Norrent-Fontes was one of the 14 cantons of the arrondissement of Béthune, in the Pas-de-Calais department, in northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its chief town was Norrent-Fontes. It had 19,753 inhabitants in 2012. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.

The canton comprised 18 communes:

Arrondissement of Béthune
The arrondissement of Béthune is an arrondissement of France in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 104 communes. Its population is 292,114 (2021), and its area is 707.4 km2 (273.1 sq mi).
Amadeo Carrizo
Amadeo Raúl Carrizo Larretape (12 June 1926 – 20 March 2020), popularly known by his first name "Amadeo", was an Argentine football goalkeeper and manager. Carrizo is considered a pioneer of the position, helping to innovate techniques and strategies for goalkeepers. The IFFHS ranked Carrizo as the best South American keeper of the 20th century in 1999.

He was the first goalkeeper in Argentina to wear gloves, following an example by Italy's Giovanni Viola. He was also the first one to regularly leave the penalty area to defend his goal and the first one to use goal kicks as a strategy to start counterattacks. His way of playing has inspired many famous South American keepers, most notably Hugo Orlando Gatti, René Higuita, and José Luis Chilavert. Germany's Manuel Neuer is a more recent exponent of this style.

South American Championship of Champions
The South American Championship of Champions (Spanish: Campeonato Sudamericano de Campeones, Portuguese: Campeonato Sul-Americano de Campeões) was a football competition played in Santiago, Chile in 1948 and the first continental-wide clubs football tournament in South America. Hosted and organized by Chilean club Colo Colo with the aid of then president of CONMEBOL Luis Valenzuela, it was played between February 11 and March 17. Brazil's Vasco da Gama won the competition after earning the most points in the round-robin tournament.

The tournament was the first tournament ever played to determine the South American club champion, and thus is seen as the precursor to the Copa Libertadores and is considered, along with the Copa Aldao (also named "Copa Río de La Plata"), as an important stepping stone towards its creation.
Subdoluseps frontoparietalis
Subdoluseps frontoparietalis, also known commonly as the pygmy supple skink and Taylor's writhing skink, is a species of lizard in the subfamily Lygosominae of the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Thailand.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Sındıran, Şenkaya
Sındıran is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şenkaya, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 96 (2022).

The historical name of Sındıran is Agaraki. Agaraki (აგარაკი), a Georgian place name, means field, village in Old Georgian. This place name entered in Turkish language as Egerek. Indeed, it appears as Egerek (اكرك) in the 1595 Ottoman land-survey register (mufassal defter) and in the 1928 Ottoman village list. Under the influence of Armenian, the name of the village was also written as "Akriyak".

Erzurum Province
Erzurum Province (Turkish: Erzurum ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Its area is 25,006 km2, and its population is 749,754 (2022). The capital of the province is the city of Erzurum. It is the fourth largest province in all of Turkey. It is bordered by the provinces of Kars and Ağrı to the east, Muş and Bingöl to the south, Erzincan and Bayburt to the west, Rize and Artvin to the north and Ardahan to the northeast. The governor of the province is Mustafa Çiftçi, appointed in August 2023. The province has a Turkish majority.
Jaak Allik
Jaak Allik (born 6 October 1946) is an Estonian theatre critic, theatre director and politician. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, and was previously the Estonian Minister of Culture 1995–1999 (Estonian: Eesti kultuuriminister). He was member of the VII, VIII and X Riigikogu.

Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (Estonian: [ˈriːkiˈkoku], from Estonian riigi-, "of the state", and kogu, "assembly") is the unicameral parliament of Estonia. In addition to approving legislation, the Parliament appoints high officials, including the prime minister and chief justice of the Supreme Court, and elects (either alone or, if necessary, together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college) the president. Among its other tasks, the Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations and bring about changes in law, as well as approves the budget presented by the government as law, and monitors the executive power.
Tarbuck's Luck
Tarbuck's Luck is a British television variety show which aired on BBC 1. It appeared for one-off episode in 1970, then returned as a full six-part series in 1972. Hosted by Jimmy Tarbuck, who had been signed up by the BBC following his success on ITV's Sunday Night at the London Palladium, it combined a mixture of stand-up comedy, sketches and musical performances.

Guests who appeared on the show included Anita Harris, Lionel Blair, Carolyn Seymour, The Bee Gees, Cilla Black, Carol Raye, Joan Benham, Julia Breck, April Walker, June Whitfield, Yootha Joyce, Miriam Karlin, Patricia Hayes, Lulu, Margaret Nolan, Clodagh Rodgers, Joan Sims, Harry Secombe, Josephine Tewson and Sheila Steafel.

Joan Benham
Joan Benham (17 May 1918 – 13 June 1981) was an English actress best known for her portrayal of Lady Prudence Fairfax in the ITV period drama series Upstairs, Downstairs. She was born in London and was the first cousin of Hollywood actress Olive Sturgess.
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. It covers ultrasound technology in clinical diagnostic, interventional and therapeutic applications, including the physics, engineering, and technology of ultrasound in medicine and biology. It was established in 1973. The editor-in-chief is  Paul S. Sidhu (King's College Hospital) since 2021. The founding editor was Denis N. White, who served from 1973 to 1992 and was succeeded by Peter N. T. Wells.

King's College Hospital
King's College Hospital is a major teaching hospital and major trauma centre in Denmark Hill, Camberwell in the London Borough of Lambeth, referred to locally and by staff simply as "King's" or abbreviated internally to "KCH". It is managed by King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. It serves a local population of 700,000 in the London boroughs of Southwark and Lambeth, but also serves as a tertiary referral centre in certain specialties to millions of people in southern England.  It is a large teaching hospital and is, with Guy's Hospital and St. Thomas' Hospital, the location of King's College London School of Medicine and one of the institutions that comprise the King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre. The chief executive is Dr Clive Kay. It is also the birthplace of Queen Camilla.
2010 United States foreclosure crisis
The 2010 United States foreclosure crisis, sometimes referred to as Foreclosure-gate or Foreclosuregate, refers to a widespread epidemic of improper foreclosures initiated by large banks and other lenders.  The foreclosure crisis was extensively covered by news outlets beginning in October 2010, and several large banks—including Bank of America, JP Morgan, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup—responded by halting their foreclosure proceedings temporarily in some or all states.  The foreclosure crisis caused significant investor fear in the U.S. A 2014 study published in the American Journal of Public Health linked the foreclosure crisis to an increase in suicide rates.

One out of every 248 households in the United States received a foreclosure notice in September 2012, according to RealtyTrac.

RealtyTrac
RealtyTrac is a real estate information company and an online marketplace for foreclosed and defaulted properties in the United States. It was founded in 1993 and is based in Santa Barbara, California. It publishes a monthly U.S. Foreclosure Market Report.

In November 2011 Renovo Capital LLC, a private equity firm, bought a majority stake in the company and formed a new company, Renwood RealtyTrac LLC. James Saccacio was replaced as CEO by Brandon Moore, previously a senior executive at One Technologies, with Saccacio staying as a spokesman and board member.

In August 2012, CEO Brandon Moore was replaced by acting President and COO James Moyle, who joined RealtyTrac during the acquisition of Homefacts in April 2012, where he was CEO.

In 2022, RealtyTrac was acquired by Nations Info Corp. Following the acquisition, David Teng, who had joined Nations Info Corp as President in 2020, was appointed CEO of RealtyTrac.
Buttle (surname)
Buttle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cecil Buttle (1906–1988), English cricketer

Frank Buttle (1878–1953), English social worker

Greg Buttle (born 1954), retired American football linebacker

Jeffrey Buttle (born 1982), Canadian figure skater

Keith Buttle (1900–1973), New Zealand businessman and politician

Robert D. Buttle (died 1901), the sole Brooklyn survivor of the Marine battalion which took part in the Mexican–American War

Steve Buttle (1953–2012), English footballer and manager

Fictional characters:

Buttle family, characters from the 1985 film Brazil

Jeffrey Buttle
Jeffrey Buttle (born September 1, 1982) is a Canadian figure skater and choreographer. He is the 2006 Winter Olympics bronze medalist, the 2008 World champion, the 2002 and 2004 Four Continents champion and the 2005–2007 Canadian champion. On March 22, 2008, Buttle became the first Canadian man since Elvis Stojko in 1997 to win the World Title. He announced his retirement from competitive skating on September 10, 2008.
Bhadra River
The Bhadra is a river in Karnataka state in southern India.

It originates in Gangamoola near Kudremukha, Western Ghats (Sahyadri) range, and flows east across the southern part of Deccan Plateau, joined by its tributaries the Somavahini near Hebbe, Thadabehalla, and Odirayanahalla. It flows through the towns of Kudremukh, Kalasa, Horanadu, Haluvalli, Balehonnur, Balehole and Narasimharajapura. The Bhadra Dam is built across the river at BRP -Bhadravathi, Karnataka, which forms the Bhadra reservoir (186 ft). From here the river continues its journey through the city of Bhadravathi, Karnataka. The Bhadra meets the Tunga River at Koodli, a small town near Shivamogga. The combined river continues east as the Tungabhadra, a major tributary of the Krishna, which empties into the Bay of Bengal.

Hornadu
Horanadu, also known as Sri Kshetra Horanadu, is a Panchayat village in Kalasa taluk of Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka, India. It is the site of the Annapoorneshwari Temple. Horanadu has an elevation of 831 m (2,726 ft).
Beatbullyz
Beatbullyz was a musical group from the Swindon area of England. The group was influenced by hip hop, ska, funk, soul, and big beat. The band was fronted by Daniel Dubose (Bozo) and Andrew Bullimore (Bully), both of whom created the music. The group was on the roster of Big Weekend Records, Bullimore's record label. The Beatbullyz street team was known as "The Minotaurs".

A review in the British newspaper, The Guardian, stated that the group held the potential to be "the UK answer to Black Eyed Peas." Endorsements for the Beatbullyz were also given by BBC Radio 1 DJs Scott Mills, Fearne Cotton, Huw Stephens and Greg James.

Greg James
Gregory James Alan Milward (born 17 December 1985) is an English radio DJ, television presenter and author. He has been a presenter on BBC Radio 1 since 2007, and has hosted the station's flagship breakfast show since 2018. Before then, he presented its drive-time show.

Since 2017, James has co-hosted the BBC's cricket podcast Tailenders alongside the England cricketer James Anderson and guitarist for the Maccabees, Felix White. He is also a children's author, most notable for the Kid Normal book series with Chris Smith.
Jump (Flo Rida song)
"Jump" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida, released by Atlantic Records and Poe Boy Entertainment on July 17, 2009 as the fourth single from his second album, R.O.O.T.S. (2009). It features a guest appearance from Canadian singer Nelly Furtado, who provides the song's hook. Production was handled by Blink 182 drummer Travis Barker, record executive Mike Caren, and Oliver "Oligee" Goldstein from the musical duo Oliver. Flo Rida, Furtado, Barker, Goldstein, and American singer Ester Dean each co-wrote the track.

"Jump" became Flo Rida's eighth consecutive Billboard Hot 100 entry — peaking at number 54. The song was used to promote the Disney film G-Force, and an edited version was added to Radio Disney's playlist. Flo-Rida said: "I used a whole different delivery on this one. We're talking about different situations to get people hype in the club. 'Jump!' Whether you're an athlete running in the stadium or you're in the club. Get hype!"

Ester Dean
Esther Renay Dean, known professionally as Ester Dean, is an American singer-songwriter and record producer. She rose to prominence as a pop songwriter in the late 2000s and wrote numerous hit songs for singers including Rihanna, Katy Perry, Britney Spears, Nicki Minaj, and Beyoncé through the 2010s. She has acted in numerous films, including the 2012 musical comedy Pitch Perfect and its sequels.
Ali Squalli Houssaini
Ali Squalli Houssaini (1932 in Fez – November 5, 2018) was the author of the lyrics of the national anthem of Morocco, "Cherifian Anthem", which he wrote in 1970.  He was also the author of numerous books.

A member of the Union of Moroccan Writers since 1967, Squalli received the Morocco Grand Prize in 1982 and the international prize of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia in children's literature in 1992.

National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT
The Central South African Railways Rack 4-6-4RT of 1905 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal Colony.

In 1905, the Central South African Railways placed two four-cylinder rack tank locomotives with a 4-6-4 Baltic type wheel arrangement in service on the section between Waterval Onder and Waterval Boven. The locomotives were underpowered and proved to be failures in rack service, with the result that their rack mechanisms were removed in 1906 to convert them to ordinary two-cylinder tank locomotives.

Transvaal Colony
25°S 30°E﻿ / ﻿25°S 30°E﻿ / -25; 30

The Transvaal Colony (Afrikaans pronunciation: [transˈfɑːl]) was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the Second Boer War in 1902, when the South African Republic was dissolved, and the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The borders of the Transvaal Colony were larger than the defeated South African Republic (which had existed from 1856 to 1902). In 1910 the entire territory became the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.
John J. O'Brien (commissioner)
John J. O'Brien is a former commissioner of the Massachusetts Probation Service. He was convicted of four counts of mail fraud, and one count of racketeering, and one count of conspiracy. The verdict was pronounced on July 24, 2014, by a 12-member federal jury of the U.S. District Court in Boston, Massachusetts. US District Court Judge William G. Young was the presiding judge. The jury deliberated for seven days and the case lasted two months.

The case centered on patronage hiring at the Massachusetts Probation Department during Mr. O'Brien's tenure as commissioner.

On December 19, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit reversed the conviction of O'Brien and ordered acquittals on all counts due to insufficiency of evidence. The Court of Appeals also admonished the lower court for the allowance of a high number of juror questions at trial.

Mail and wire fraud
Mail fraud and wire fraud are terms used in the United States to describe the use of a physical (e.g., the U.S. Postal Service) or electronic (e.g., a phone, a telegram, a fax, or the Internet) mail system to defraud another, and are U.S. federal crimes. Jurisdiction is claimed by the federal government if the illegal activity crosses interstate or international borders.
Leucetta villosa
Leucetta villosa is a species of calcareous sponge in the family Leucettidae, and was first described in 1999 by Gert Wörheide and John Hooper. The species epithet, villosa, comes from the Latin, villosus ("hairy"), and was given because of the "hair-like extensions on the sponge surface".

It is found in Queensland coastal waters, where occurs in waters with surface temperatures of 20 to 25 °C.

John Hooper (marine biologist)
John N.A. Hooper is an Australian marine biologist and writer on science. He is the current Head of Biodiversity & Geosciences Programs at the Queensland Museum. His research has included studying the possible medical benefits of marine sponges, including beta blockers for heart disease, and for compounds to combat illnesses like gastro-intestinal disease and cancer. In 2007 he was a member of the Discussion Panel On Marine Genetic Resources for the eighth annual United Nations Informal Consultative Process for Oceans and the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS).
Kahramanmaraş Castle
Kahramanmaraş Castle is a castle in Turkey. Kahramanmaraş (popularly Maraş) is an old city.

The castle is in the urban fabric of Kahramanmaraş city. It is at 37°35′11″N 36°55′33″E﻿ / ﻿37.58639°N 36.92583°E﻿ / 37.58639; 36.92583. It is on a tumulus so it isn't particularly high with respect to surrounding.

The exact construction date of the castle is not known. It was built between the 1st century B.C. and the 2nd century A.D. Its plan is  rectangular. Its outer dimensions are 150 metres (490 ft) north to south and 75 metres (246 ft) east to west. Three of its square plan bastions have been restored by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The outer walls of the bastions are of asthar stone and the inner walls are of rubble stone. The main gate of the castle is on the south wall. The arrow slits are on the eastern wall.

Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkish: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for culture and tourism affairs in Turkey. Revolving fund management of the ministry is carried by DÖSİMM. On July 9, 2018, the newly elected President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced his cabinet of the new Turkish political system. Mehmet Nuri Ersoy was appointed Minister of Culture and Tourism.
Mitchell Fowles
Mitchell Graham Fowles (born 18 December 1970) is a former English cricketer.  Fowles was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Worcester, Worcestershire

Fowles made his debut for Herefordshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Wales Minor Counties.  From 1992 to 1997, he represented the county in 30 Championship matches, the last of which came against Wiltshire. His MCCA Knockout Trophy debut for the county came against Staffordshire in 1992.  From 1992 to 1997, he represented the county in 12 Trophy matches, the last of which came against Shropshire.

He also represented Herefordshire in 2 List A matches against Durham in the 1995 NatWest Trophy and Somerset in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. In his 2 matches, he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 48.66, with best figures of 2/73.

Herefordshire County Cricket Club
Herefordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Herefordshire. The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Herefordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1995 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Nyêmo Chekar monastery
Nyêmo Chekar monastery (Standard Tibetan: snye mo bye dkar) ཉེ་མོ་ཆེ་དཀར་དགོན། is a small Buddhist monastery of the Bodongpa tradition in Nyêmo County, Lhasa, Tibet.
It is known for its mural paintings of reincarnations of the Samding Dorje Phagmo.

Samding Dorje Phagmo
The Samding Dorje Phagmo (Tibetan: བསམ་སྡིང་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕག་མོ, Wylie: bsam sding rdo rje phag mo) is the highest female incarnation in Tibet and the third highest-ranking person in the hierarchy after the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama. She was listed among the highest-ranking reincarnations at the time of the 5th Dalai Lama, recognized by the Tibetan government and acknowledged by the emperors of Qing China. In her first incarnation, as Chökyi Drönma (1422–1455 CE), she was the student and consort of the famous polymath Thang Tong Gyalpo, who first identified her as an emanation of Vajravārāhī, and the consort of Bodong Panchen. The seat of the Samding Dorje Phagmo is at Samding Monastery, in Tibet.
Dowlais (High Street) railway station
Dowlais High Street railway station was a station that served the village of Dowlais, Merthyr Tydfil, Wales on the Merthyr, Tredegar and Abergavenny Railway. The station closed in 1958 The site is now occupied by Station Terrace with only the steps visible.

Dowlais
Dowlais (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdɔu̯lai̯s]) is a village and community of the county borough of Merthyr Tydfil, in South Wales. The name is derived from the Welsh du meaning 'black' and glais meaning 'stream'. Dowlais is notable within Wales and Britain for its historic association with ironworking; once employing, through the Dowlais Iron Company, over 7,000 people, the works being at one stage the largest in the world.
Polygon covering
In geometry, a covering of a polygon is a set of primitive units (e.g. squares) whose union equals the polygon. A polygon covering problem is a problem of finding a covering with a smallest number of units for a given polygon. This is an important class of problems in computational geometry.

There are many different polygon covering problems, depending on the type of polygon being covered. An example polygon covering problem is: given a rectilinear polygon, find a smallest set of squares whose union equals the polygon.

In some scenarios, it is not required to cover the entire polygon but only its edges (this is called polygon edge covering) or its vertices (this is called polygon vertex covering).

A minimal covering is a covering that does not contain any other covering (i.e. it is a local minimum).
A minimum covering is a covering with a smallest number of units (i.e. a global minimum). Every minimum covering is minimal, but not vice versa.

Union (set theory)
In set theory, the union (denoted by ∪) of a collection of sets is the set of all elements in the collection. It is one of the fundamental operations through which sets can be combined and related to each other. 
A nullary union refers to a union of zero (⁠⁠) sets and it is by definition equal to the empty set.

For explanation of the symbols used in this article, refer to the table of mathematical symbols.