hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Lindsay (priest)
Thomas Enraght Lindsay (8 November 1863 – 7 September 1947) was an English churchman, Archdeacon of Cleveland from 1907 until 1938.

The son of the Rev. Thomas Lindsay, rector of Castle Ellis, co. Wexford, he was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1886 and became Chaplain of Epsom College. He then served a curacy in Doncaster. He held incumbencies at Loversal (1891–1892); Middlesbrough (1893–1905); Scarborough (1905–1913); Saltburn-by-the-Sea (1913–1925); and Stokesley (1925–1936).

Lindsay died on 7 September 1947. He had married in 1894 Maria Isabel (Minnie) Massy-Dawson, daughter of the late George Staunton King Massy-Dawson, of the 14th Light Dragoons and Ballynacourte, son of James Hewitt Massy Dawson MP, and his wife Grace Leeson.

Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
Sidney Sussex College (historically known as "Sussex College" and today referred to informally as "Sidney") is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. The College was founded in 1596 under the terms of the will of Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex (1531–1589), wife of Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, and named after its foundress. In her will, Lady Sidney left the sum of £5,000 together with some plate to found a new College at Cambridge University "to be called the Lady Frances Sidney Sussex College". Her executors Sir John Harington and Henry Grey, 6th Earl of Kent, supervised by Archbishop John Whitgift, founded the Protestant College seven years after her death.

Sidney Sussex is one of the smaller colleges at Cambridge, with its sister college being St John's College, Oxford. The student body comprises approximately 355 undergraduates, 275 postgraduates, and around 80 fellows.
Weldon W. Edwards
Weldon W. Edwards was an alderman, deputy sheriff, and  state legislator in Mississippi. He represented Warren County, Mississippi in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1874 to 1877 and in 1882 and 1883.

Described as a quadroon in a contemporary newspaper report, he was educated by missionaries.

He testified about attacks on African American Republicans in Vicksburg, Mississippi during the 1875 election.

Quadroon
In the colonial societies of the Americas and Australia, a quadroon (/kwɑːˈdruːn/ kwah-DROON) or quarteron (quarter-caste in the United Kingdom and Australia) was a person with one-quarter African or Aboriginal ancestry, and three-quarters European ancestry. Similar classifications were octoroon for one-eighth black and quintroon for one-sixteenth black.

Governments of the time sometimes incorporated the terms in law, defining rights and restrictions. The use of such terminology is a characteristic of hypodescent, which is the practice within a society of assigning children of mixed unions to the ethnic group which the dominant group perceives as being subordinate. The racial designations refer specifically to the number of full-blooded African ancestors or equivalent, emphasizing the quantitative least, with quadroon signifying that a person has one-quarter black ancestry.
Re Polemis & Furness, Withy & Co Ltd
Re Polemis & Furness, Withy & Co Ltd [1921] 3 KB 560 is an English tort case on causation and remoteness in the law of negligence.

The Court of Appeal held that a defendant can be deemed liable for all consequences flowing from his negligent conduct regardless of how unforeseeable such consequences are. The case is an example of strict liability, a concept which has generally fallen out of favour with the common law courts. The case was superseded by The Wagon Mound (No 1), which set a remoteness test based on reasonable foreseeability of harm.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Sam Holland (sculptor)
Samantha "Sam" Holland is a British sculptor.

Holland studied Fine Art Sculpture at the City & Guilds of London Art School gaining a first class degree. In 2001 she became a member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors.

Her commissions include statues of the founder of The Football League, William McGregor at Villa Park, Birmingham Dick Evans at Moelfre, Anglesey, the RNLI memorial sculpture outside the RNLI Headquarters in Poole, Dorset and a statue of politician Barbara Castle in Jubilee Square, Blackburn.

Moelfre, Anglesey
Moelfre ([ˈmɔɨ̯lvrɛ] ⓘ) is a village, a community and, until 2012, an electoral ward on the north-east coast of the Isle of Anglesey in Wales. The community area covers the village and harbour, and several smaller, dispersed settlements. It includes six scheduled Iron Age hut groups and many other sites of archaeological interest. The harbour was formerly a local fishing port; a lifeboat station has been based here since 1854. Among many shipwrecks off the coast was that of the Royal Charter in 1859. Near the modernised lifeboat station is the RNLI Seawatch Centre. The coastline includes a rocky headland north of the village and a large sandy beach at Lligwy Bay, both traversed by the Anglesey Coastal Path. The 2011 census measured the village population as 710. It was estimated at 614 in 2019.
Osdorp Posse
The Osdorp Posse, founded in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in 1989, was the first group to make rap music in Dutch. All four members are related to each other. Influenced by gangsta rap, they made a name for themselves by combining the music of hardcore hip hop with Dutch lyrics featuring literal translations of American slang. Initially appreciated only in the Dutch underground scene, they achieved commercial success and exerted great influence on the Dutch hip hop scene. The band is additionally notable for their satirical, socially conscious lyrics.

Hardcore hip-hop
Hardcore hip-hop (also known as hardcore rap) is a subgenre of hip-hop that developed through the East Coast hip-hop scene in the 1980s. Pioneered by such artists as Run-DMC, Schoolly D, Boogie Down Productions and Public Enemy, it is generally characterized by anger, aggression and confrontation.
Aral barbel
The Aral barbel (Luciobarbus brachycephalus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Luciobarbus. It is found in the Aral basin, Chu drainage and southern and western Caspian Sea. For spawning, it migrates up to larger tributaries of the western and southern coasts.
It was formerly found in the Volga River system in South European Russia, but this population was extirpated during the mid-20th century.

It reaches a maximum length of 90 cm (35 in), with an average of 62 cm (24 in)–64 cm (25 in). It is popular as an aquarium fish, especially the albino variety, which is often kept as a tank mate with the Asian arowana. In the aquarium trade, it is marketed as the "Lucky Dragon" to align with the belief that the Asian arowana, or "dragon fish," brings good fortune and prosperity to its owner.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.
LaVern Baker Sings Bessie Smith
LaVern Baker Sings Bessie Smith is the third studio album from American rhythm and blues singer LaVern Baker, released by Atlantic Records in 1958 and featuring cover versions of Bessie Smith songs. After her sophomore release LaVern Baker collected mostly previously released singles, this album included only new tracks. The album was initially released in monaural sound and sold well enough that Atlantic re-released it in stereo sound in November for the holiday season.

Stereophonic sound
Stereophonic sound, commonly shortened to stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that recreates a multi-directional, 3-dimensional audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two independent audio channels through a configuration of two loudspeakers (or stereo headphones) in such a way as to create the impression of sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing.

Because the multi-dimensional perspective is the crucial aspect, the term stereophonic also applies to systems with more than two channels or speakers, such as quadraphonic and surround sound. Binaural sound systems are also stereophonic.

Stereo sound has been in common use since the 1970s in entertainment media such as broadcast radio, recorded music, television, video cameras, cinema, computer audio, and the Internet.
Halki Theological School Gardens
The Halki Theological School Gardens are located in the top of the Hill of Hope in Heybeliada (Halki island) in Turkey. Halki seminary, also known as Halki theological school, was built in 1844 as the lighthouse of Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Due to its closure in 1971, it the Byzantine Church of Holy Trinity is open to the public.

The site retained no significant gardens after 1971. Reconstruction began in 2013 based on research of Landscape Architecture Laboratory of Neapolis University Paphos under the supervision of Professor Nerantzia Tzortzi after the invitation of the Abbot of Monastery of Holy Trinity and Bishop of Bursa, Elpidophoros.

Neapolis University Paphos
The Neapolis University Pafos (NUP) is a private university in Paphos, Cyprus, that offers graduate and undergraduate degrees in Economic and Business Studies, Law, Health Sciences, Architecture & Land and Environmental Sciences, Theology and Greek Civilisation.
Balmforth
Balmforth is a surname of English origin, being a variant of the surname Bamford. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Balmforth (1926–2009), British archdeacon

Darren Balmforth (born 1972), Australian former lightweight rower

Denive Balmforth (born 2003), English professional rugby league footballer

Anthony Balmforth
Anthony James Balmforth (3 September 1926 – 20 February 2009) was Archdeacon of Bristol from 1979 until 1990.

Balmforth educated at Sebright School and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was ordained Deacon in  1952 and Priest in 1953. After a curacy in Mansfield he held incumbencies in Skegby, Kidderminster and Kings Norton until his Archdeacon’s appointment.
Susan McLain
Susan McLain is an American politician. A Democrat, she currently serves as a member of the Oregon House of Representatives from District 29, representing Cornelius, Forest Grove, and parts of Hillsboro. She served as a councilor for Metro, the regional government covering the urban portions of Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington counties, for 16 years, first winning election in 1990. She was an unsuccessful candidate for Washington County commissioner in 2006. She was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 2014, defeating Republican Mark Richman.

Metro (Oregon regional government)
Metro is the regional government for the Oregon portion of the Portland metropolitan area, covering portions of Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington counties.  It is the only directly elected regional government and metropolitan planning organization in the United States. Metro is responsible for overseeing the Portland region's solid waste system, general planning of land use and transportation, maintaining certain regional parks and natural areas, and operating the Oregon Zoo, Oregon Convention Center, Portland's Centers for the Arts, and the Portland Expo Center.  It also distributes money from two voter-approved tax measures: one for homeless services and one for affordable housing.
Velveting
Velveting is a technique in Chinese cuisine for preserving the moisture of meat while cooking. Additionally, it provides a soft or "velvety" texture to the meat of any entrée.

Raw meat is coated in corn starch (and often egg white) and then par-cooked by briefly frying or blanching to set the coating. Shaoxing wine and soy sauce are often added for flavor. The meat can then be sautéed, stir-fried, deep-fried, simmered, or boiled. During cooking, the velveting mixture insulates the meat fibres from heat, preventing them from seizing, resulting in more tender meat. The starch also absorbs any moisture expelled from the cooking meat.

Velveting is often preceded by or combined with a tenderizing step using baking soda or papain.

Sautéing
Sautéing or sauteing (UK: /ˈsoʊteɪ.ɪŋ/, US: /soʊˈteɪ.ɪŋ, sɔː-/; from French  sauté [sote] 'jumped, bounced', in reference to tossing while cooking) is a method of cooking that uses a relatively small amount of oil or fat in a shallow pan over relatively high heat. Various sauté methods exist.
Pavlovsky District, Krasnodar Krai
Pavlovsky District (Russian: Па́вловский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Pavlovsky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the krai. The area of the district is 1,788.8 square kilometers (690.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Pavlovskaya. Population:  67,521 (2010 Census); 68,470 (2002 Census); 63,949 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pavlovskaya accounts for 46.4% of the district's total population.

Krai
A krai or kray is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.

Etymologically, the word is related to the verb кроить (kroítǐ [krɐˈitʲ]), meaning 'to cut'. Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word krai also means 'border' or 'edge', i.e., 'a place of the cut-off'. In English the term is often translated as 'territory'. As of 2015, the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts.
Family Tree (Darryl Worley song)
"Family Tree" is a song recorded by American country music artist Darryl Worley.  It was released in October 2002 as the second single from the album I Miss My Friend.  The song reached #26 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.  The song was written by Darrell Scott.

I Miss My Friend
I Miss My Friend is the second studio album by American  country music singer Darryl Worley released on July 16, 2002. The album produced Worley's first number one single on the Hot Country Songs charts in its title track; "Family Tree" was also a Top 30 hit for him on the same chart.  "Tennessee River Run" was later reprised on Worley's first compilation album Have You Forgotten?, from which it was released as that album's second single.

"POW 369" was also recorded by Doug Stone on his 2002 album The Long Way, from which it was released as a single.
Ruhollah Hazratpour
Ruhollah Hazratpour (Persian: ‌‌روح‌الله حضرت‌پور; born 1984) is an Iranian politician. He was born in Urmia, West Azerbaijan province. He was a member of the 10th and 11th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Urmia, He and Hadi Bahadori were qualified in the second round. in the past Bahadori was member of fourth Urmia city council. Mohammad Hazratpour mayor of Urmia is his uncle and father-in-law.

2020 Iranian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Iran on 21 February 2020, four years after the previous legislative election in 2016. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, the second round, to elect eleven seats, was postponed until 11 September 2020.

Candidates had to be approved by the Guardian Council, and of the 14,000 applying to run for the Islamic Consultative Assembly legislature, 6,850 were rejected, including 90 current members of the Assembly (who were approved to run in the last election). "Moderates and conservatives" were mostly rejected by the Council and "hardliners" approved (according to Parisa Hefzi); while another observer believed some of the rejected were corrupt and others lacking sufficient loyalty to the regime.
HMS Helverson
HMS Helverson was formerly Hilversum of the Admiralty of Amsterdam. She was built around 1655 as a third rate frigate.

Hilversum was attacked in the Battle of Lowestoft by the fireship HMS Bramble, under Captain Napthali Ball. Hilversum was captured by other British ships as the crew of the Hilversum fought the fire.

Renamed HMS Helverson, the ship was sunk to block the River Medway from the invading Dutch fleet on 12 June 1667. The Dutch fleet was attempting to raid the docks at Chatham Dockyard. John Evelyn drew a sketch 'A scheme of the 12th of June 1667' depicting the position of HMS Helverson.  She has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to be called HMS Helverson.

Battle of Lowestoft
The Battle of Lowestoft took place on 13 June [O.S. 3 June] 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. A fleet of more than a hundred ships of the United Provinces commanded by Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer, Lord Obdam, attacked an English fleet of equal size commanded by James, Duke of York, forty miles east of the port of Lowestoft in Suffolk.

Although it was a substantial English victory, the escape of the bulk of the Dutch fleet deprived England of the chance of ending the war quickly with a single decisive victory. As a result, the Dutch were able to make good their losses by building new and better-armed ships and improving their organisation and discipline. Their Dutch fleets would not be so badly organised or ill-disciplined in the remaining battles of this war and, in Obdam's replacement, Michiel de Ruyter, the Dutch had gained a superb tactician and leader for the remainder of the war.
Beats of the Antonov
Beats of the Antonov is a documentary film released in 2014. It is a Sudanese-South African coproduction, directed by Sudanese filmmaker Hajooj Kuka and produced by Hajooj Kuka and Steven Markovitz. The film documents the Sudan–SRF conflict in the Blue Nile and Nuba Mountains regions, focusing in particular on the role of music in helping the affected communities to sustain themselves culturally and spiritually in the face of the ongoing conflict.

This documentary, that "put Sudan's name on the screen of world cinema", was made over a period of two years, with film director Hajooj Kuka residing among the people of the Nuba Mountains in Southern Sudan.

Nuba Mountains
The Nuba Mountains (Arabic: جبال النوبة), also referred to as the Nuba Hills, are an area located in South Kordofan, Sudan. The area is home to a group of indigenous ethnic groups known collectively as the Nuba peoples. They are not the same as the Nubians who are indigenous to north Sudan. Rather their name is derived from the name of the mountains, “Nuba”. In Antiquity, the area was a part of the Kingdom of Kush. In the Middle Ages, the Nuba mountains had been part of the Nubian kingdom of Alodia. In the 18th century, they became home to the kingdom of Taqali that controlled the hills of the mountains until their defeat by Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad. After the British defeated the Mahdi army, Taqali was restored as a client state. Infiltration of the Messiria tribe and Muraheleen of Baggara Arabs has been influential in modern conflicts. Up to 1.5 million people live in the mountains, mostly ethnic Nuba, with a small minority of Baggara.
Nyidaw Temple
Nyi Taw Temple is a temple in Mrauk U, Myanmar. It was built by Min Khayi, the second king of Mrauk-U Kingdom in AD 1433. It is situated next to Le-myet-hna Temple which was built by his brother Min Saw Mon, the founder of Mrauk-U Kingdom.

Min Saw Mon
Naramate-hla Min Saw Mon, (Arakanese:နရမိတ်လှ မင်းစောမွန်, Burmese pronunciation: [nəɹa̰ meiʔl̥a̰ mɪ́ɰ̃ sɔ́ mʊ̀ɰ̃], Arakanese transliteration: Mong Saw Mwan, or Mawn Saw Mwen, Arakanese pronunciation: [mɔ́ɰ̃ sɔ́ mʊ̀aɰ̃]; 1380–1433) was the last king of the Launggyet Dynasty and the founder of the Mrauk-U Dynasty of Arakan, a former state in Myanmar (Burma).

He became king in 1404 but was driven out of Launggyet in 1406 by Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa of Ava. He sought refuge in the Bengal Sultanate, and later entered the military service of Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah. In 1429, he reclaimed the Arakanese throne with the help of the sultan, and ruled the kingdom. He founded a new capital, Mrauk-U, in 1430 at a more strategic location. The king died in 1433, and was succeeded by his younger brother Khayi.
FINEX (steelmaking process)
FINEX is the name for an iron making technology developed by former Siemens VAI (now Primetals Technologies) and POSCO. Molten iron is produced directly using iron ore fines and non-coking coal rather than traditional blast furnace methods through sintering and reduction with coke. Elimination of preliminary processing is claimed to make the plant for FINEX less expensive to build than a blast furnace facility of the same scale, additionally a 10-15% reduction in production costs is expected/claimed through cheaper raw materials, reduction of facility cost, pollutant exhaustion, maintenance staff and production time. The process is claimed to produce less pollutants such as SOx, NOx, and carbon dioxide than traditional methods.

This process is essentially a combination of FINMET's Fluidized Bed and COREX's Melter Gasifier, hence its name "FINEX".

POSCO
POSCO (formerly Pohang Iron and Steel Company) is a South Korean steel manufacturer headquartered in Pohang, South Korea. It had an output of 42,000,000 metric tons (41,000,000 long tons; 46,000,000 short tons) of crude steel in 2015, making it the world's Seventh-largest steelmaker by this measure. In 2010, it was the world's largest steel manufacturing company by market value. Also, in 2024, it was named as the world's 233rd-largest corporation by the Fortune Global 500.

POSCO currently operates two integrated steel mills in South Korea, in Pohang and Gwangyang. POSCO previously operated a joint venture with U.S. Steel, USS-POSCO Industries, in Pittsburg, California, United States, but U.S. Steel acquired full ownership of the facility in February 2020.
RK 71
The RK 71 (Finnish: Rynnäkkökivääri 71, lit. 'Assault rifle 71'), commercially M71, is a Finnish assault rifle designed and manufactured by Valmet. It is based on the RK 62, which in turn is based on the Soviet AK-47. Finnish Defence Forces tested the 7.62 RK 71 between 1971 and 1973 as a possible replacement of the RK 62, but logistics issues prevented its larger adoption by FDF. The rifle was also exported to Qatar.

Assault rifle
An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate-rifle cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first put into mass production and accepted into widespread service during World War II. The first assault rifle to see major usage was the German StG 44, a development of the earlier Mkb 42. While immediately after World War II, NATO countries were equipped with battle rifles, the development of the M16 rifle during the Vietnam War prompted the adoption of assault rifles by the rest of NATO. By the end of the 20th century, assault rifles had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing full-powered rifles and submachine guns in most roles. The two most successful modern assault rifles are the AK-47 and the M16 designs and their derivatives.