hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Black Oath
The Black Oath was a 1639 oath that Scots in Ulster who were over the age of 16 were required to take under penalty of a fine or imprisonment.

The oath was aimed at stopping Covenanters: it required rejecting the National Covenant, an agreement signed by many people of Scotland during 1638, which opposed the proposed Laudian reforms of the Church of Scotland by King Charles I; and loyalty or obedience to the king.

The oath was reportedly framed by Hugh Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery and James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye and recommended by Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, the Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1632 to 1640, who urged its enforcement throughout the country starting on 21 May 1639.

The imposition of the Black Oath was related to the larger context of religious and political matters leading up to and including the Bishops' Wars of 1639 and 1640 in Scotland and northern England and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1653) overall.

Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (13 April 1593 (N.S.) – 12 May 1641), was an English statesman and a major figure in the period leading up to the English Civil War. He served in Parliament and was a supporter of King Charles I. From 1632 to 1640 he was Lord Deputy of Ireland, where he established a strong authoritarian rule. Recalled to England, he became a leading advisor to the King, attempting to strengthen the royal position against Parliament. When Parliament condemned Lord Strafford to death, Charles reluctantly signed the death warrant and Strafford was executed. He had been advanced several times in the Peerage of England during his career, being created 1st Baron Wentworth in 1628, 1st Viscount Wentworth in late 1628 or early 1629, and, finally, 1st Earl of Strafford in January 1640. He was known as Sir Thomas Wentworth, 2nd Baronet, between 1614 and 1628.
Gibran Khalil Gibran Garden
The Gibran Khalil Gibran Garden (Arabic: حديقة جبران خليل جبران) is a 6,000-square-meter public garden in the Centre Ville area of Beirut, Lebanon, facing the UN House, the headquarters of ESCWA, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia.

The garden, which is named in honor of the Lebanese–American writer, poet and visual artist Kahlil Gibran, features two circular lawns, a fountain, and modern sculpture, including a bust of Gibran. The garden is often used as a venue for peaceful and democratic demonstrations and sit-ins.

Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. The protestors gather conspicuously in a space or building, refusing to move unless their demands are met. The often clearly visible demonstrations are intended to spread awareness among the public, or disrupt the goings-on of the protested organization. Lunch counter sit-ins were a nonviolent form of protest used to oppose segregation during the 1954–1968 civil rights movement in the United States, and often provoked heckling and violence from those opposed to their message.
Chen Gang (actor)
Chen Gang (Chinese: 陈刚) is a Chinese actor. He is most noted for his lead performance in the 2016 film Old Stone, for which he garnered a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actor at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards.

5th Canadian Screen Awards
The 5th annual Canadian Screen Awards were held on March 12, 2017, to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2016. Nominations were announced on January 17, 2017.

Awards in many of the technical categories were presented in a series of galas, collectively called Canadian Screen Week, in the days leading up to the main ceremony. At the main ceremony, the film It's Only the End of the World and the television series Orphan Black won the most awards in film and television categories, with six and nine awards, respectively.
Beatrice Bodart-Bailey
Beatrice Bodart-Bailey (born 1942) is an Australian academic, writer, and Japanologist. She was named professor of economics at Kobe University, becoming "the first female and first non-Japanese person actually appointed by the Ministry of Education".

Japanese studies
Japanese studies or Japan studies (Japanese: 日本学, Hepburn: Nihongaku), sometimes known as Japanology in Europe, is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science.

The historical roots of Western Japanese studies may be traced back to the Dutch traders based at Dejima, Nagasaki during the Edo period (1603–1867). The foundation of the Asiatic Society of Japan at Yokohama in 1872 by Western scholars such as Ernest Satow and Frederick Victor Dickins was an important event in the development of Japanese studies as an academic discipline.
Kaname Tajima
Kaname Tajima (田嶋 要, Tajima Kaname; born 1961) is a Japanese politician serving in the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) as a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan. A native of Nagoya, Aichi he attended the University of Tokyo and also earned MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He was elected for the first time in 2003 after working at NTT for 20 years.

Tajima is part of the CDP's shadow cabinet 'Next Cabinet' as the shadow Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.

Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (経済産業大臣, Keizai-Sangyou Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The minister is also a statutory member of the National Security Council, and is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

The current minister is Ryosei Akazawa, who took office on 21 October 2025.
Marie-Joseph Leko
Marie-Joseph Leko was a politician from Congo-Brazzaville.

He was born in Renéville on July 14, 1925. He worked as an education supervisor in Pangala. Leko was elected to the Legislative Assembly (which later became the National Assembly of the Republic of the Congo) in the 1959 election, standing as a candidate of the Democratic Union for the Defense of African Interests (UDDIA) in the Fourth Constituency (Brazzaville).

National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)
The National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of the Republic of the Congo. It has 151 members, elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies.
Platanthera flava
Platanthera flava, the southern rein orchid or palegreen orchid, is a species of pale-flowered orchid. It is native to eastern North America, from Texas east to Florida, north to Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia.

Platanthera flava  has from 10 to 40 flowers in an inflorescence. In the north of its range, in Canada, this species is particularly associated with shorelines of lakes and rivers, in the seasonally flooded zone. In Nova Scotia, it occurs in wet meadows on seasonally flooded shorelines with rare shoreline species such as Plymouth Gentian. In the south, such as in Texas, it is found in wet savannas and flatwoods. The shoreline habitats of the north are maintained by ice scour, while in the south, the flatwoods are maintained by recurring fire. Hence, it appears that this species depends upon recurring natural disturbance to maintain open sunny conditions.

Wet meadow
A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated for part or all of the growing season which prevents the growth of trees and brush. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar.
Chen Jing (volleyball)
Chen Jing (Chinese: 陈静; pinyin: Chén Jìng; born 3 September 1975) is a Chinese volleyball player who played for the China women's national volleyball team.

She competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics, and the 2004 FIVB World Grand Prix.

2004 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The FIVB World Grand Prix 2004 was the twelfth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, which is the female equivalent of the Men's Volleyball World League. The 2004 edition was played by twelve countries from July 9 to August 1, 2004, with the final round held in Reggio Calabria, Italy. Hosts Italy and the top five ranked teams after the preliminary rounds qualified for the last round.
Baldwin de Boulers
Baldwin de Boulers came to England in 1105 when he was granted the Lordship of Montgomery, Powys in marriage with Sybil de Falaise. Sybil was referred to as the niece of Henry I of England but is commonly believed, probably incorrectly, to be one of his illegitimate children.

Baldwin was of a Flemish family from Boelare and his father was Stephen, Baron de Boelare. Boelare is now known as NederBoelare and is part of the town of Geraardsbergen, East Flanders, Belgium.

The de Boulers were based at Hen Domen, the original site for Montgomery Castle and it is from Baldwin that Montgomery gets its Welsh name, Trefaldwyn "The Town of Baldwin".

The de Boulers continued as a prominent Shropshire family, becoming the Bowdlers.

Geraardsbergen
Geraardsbergen (Dutch: [ˈɣeːraːrtsˌbɛrɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Grammont [ɡʁamɔ̃]) is a city and municipality located in the Denderstreek and in the Flemish Ardennes, the hilly southern part of the Belgian province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Geraardsbergen proper and the following towns:

Goeferdinge, Grimminge, Idegem, Moerbeke, Nederboelare, Nieuwenhove, Onkerzele, Ophasselt, Overboelare, Schendelbeke, Smeerebbe-Vloerzegem, Viane, Waarbeke, Zandbergen and Zarlardinge.

In 2021, Geraardsbergen had a total population of 33,970. The total area is 79.71 km2.

The current mayor of Geraardsbergen is Ann Panis, from the (liberal) party Open VLD.
Trackboyz
The Trackboyz are an American hip hop production team consisting of Mark "Tarboy" Williams, Joe "Capo" Kent, DJ D-Rocc, Jermaine White, Travis "Tizzle" Miller,  Marlon "Tracmajor" Byrd and Rodrick "PubG" Finch from St. Louis, Missouri. The hits that they have engineered include Nelly's "Air Force Ones" (number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100), D12's 40 Oz., Nappy Roots "Po' Folks" (number 21) and J-Kwon's "Tipsy" (number 2). The Trackboyz signed with Def Jam Records. They recently worked on the song "Hips" by Adina Howard, a track from her album Private Show.

Adina Howard
Adina Marie Howard (born November 14, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter. She rose to fame during the mid-1990s with her debut album, Do You Wanna Ride? and her debut single, "Freak like Me". Some of her other minor hits include "What's Love Got to Do with It?" (with Warren G), "(Freak) And U Know It", "Nasty Grind", "Freaks" (with Play-N-Skillz and Krayzie Bone) and "T-Shirt & Panties" (with Jamie Foxx).
Sankou, Liuyang
Sankou Town (simplified Chinese: 三口镇; traditional Chinese: 三口鎮; pinyin: Sankou Zhen) is an urban town in Liuyang City, Changsha City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 20,990 and an area of 55.5 square kilometers. Sankou merged to Gugang town on November 18, 2015

Gugang, Liuyang
Gugang (simplified Chinese: 古港镇; traditional Chinese: 古港鎮; pinyin: Gǔgǎng Zhèn) is a rural town in Liuyang City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 62,700 and an area of 210 square kilometres (81 sq mi).  The town is bordered to the north by Fushoushan Town of Pingjiang County, to the east by Yanxi Town, to the southeast by Yonghe Town, to the west by Chunkou Town and Guankou subdistrict, to the south by Gaoping Town, and to the northwest by Shegang Town.
Blacksail snake mackerel
The blacksail snake mackerel (Thyrsitoides marleyi), known also as the black snoek, is a species of snake mackerel found in the Indo-Pacific from shallow water to a depth of at least 400 m (1,300 ft) where they appear to prefer slopes on seamounts and ridges. They are known for making diel vertical migrations to near-surface waters at night, feeding on fish, squid and crustaceans. This species reaches a total length of 2 m (6.6 ft) though most are around 1 m (3.3 ft). This species is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries.

It is at the only member of the genus Thyrsitoides, making the genus monotypic. However, a second extinct species, T. zarahoustrae Arambourg, 1967, is known from the Late Eocene-aged Pabdeh Formation of Iran and potentially the Early Oligocene of Romania.

Pabdeh Formation
The Pabdeh Formation is a Late Eocene to Early Oligocene-aged geological formation in Iran. It outcrops along the Zagros Mountains. It was deposited in a deepwater environment in the upper bathyal zone of the Paratethys Sea, with these abyssal sediments being lifted high above sea level from the uplift of the Zagros fold and thrust belt as part of the Alpide orogeny.

A high number of fossil fishes are known from this formation, the majority of which appear to have pelagic and deepwater affinities. These are mostly known from two localities near Elam and Istehbanat. The age of these localities have been disputed, and have previously been considered to be Early Oligocene, but are now generally thought to be middle to late Eocene in age, most likely Priabonian. Some fossils of migratory insects (a locust and ant alates), as well as fish and birds, are also known from presumed early Oligocene-aged strata near Babaheidar.
Kaechon Line
The Kaech'ŏn Line is an electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the Korean State Railway running from Sinanju on the P'yŏngŭi Line to Kaech'ŏn on the Manp'o Line.

The ruling grade on the line is 14‰, the minimum curve radius is 300 m (980 ft); there are 14 bridges with a total length of 619 m (2,031 ft), and there are four tunnels with a total length of 928 m (3,045 ft).

Korean State Railway
The Korean State Railway is the operating arm of the Ministry of Railways of North Korea (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 철도성; MR: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk Ch'ŏltosŏng), commonly called the State Rail (Korean: 국철; MR: Kukch'ŏl). Its headquarters are in P'yŏngyang. The current Minister of Railways is Chang Jun-song.
Leona Pettas
Leona Pettas (Japanese: レオナ・ペタス, Leona Pettas; born April 29, 1992) is a Japanese kickboxer, currently competing in the super featherweight division of K-1, where he is the former Super Featherweight champion. He took the family name of his first trainer Karateka Nicholas Pettas. Pettas is the 2022 K-1 Super Featherweight World Grand Prix winner, the former Krush Super Featherweight champion and a one-time K-1 super featherweight title challenger.

He was ranked as a top ten bantamweight by Combat Press between September 2020 and July 2022, peaking at #2. Combat Press ranked him the #4 Flyweight in May and June 2019, and #3 Flyweight between July 2019 and August 2020.

Krush (kickboxing)
Krush is a martial arts entertainment planning and promotional brand established in 2008. Currently based in Japan, it is the sister brand of K-1. Krush promotes kickboxing events across ten male and three female weight classes. It is considered to be the second tier of K-1, and has produced numerous K-1 competitors; such as Takeru Segawa, Tatsuya Tsubakihara and Yuki Egawa.
AMI-télé
AMI-télé is a Canadian French language digital cable specialty channel owned by the non-profit organization Accessible Media Inc. (AMI). AMI-télé is a French version of AMI's English-language service AMI-tv, and broadcasts a selection of general entertainment programming with accommodations for those who are visually or hearing impaired, consisting of described video on the primary audio track and closed captioning available across all of its programming. The channel also broadcasts series on accessibility- and disability-related topics.

AMI-télé is licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) as a Category A "must-carry" service; it must be carried on the lowest level of service by all licensed digital cable, satellite television, and IPTV providers in Canada.

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Emily Wang
Emily Ai-hua Wang is an American physician who is a professor of medicine at the Yale School of Medicine. She is Director of the Yale SEICHE Center for Health and Justice. She was appointed a MacArthur Fellow in 2022.

Christopher Wildeman
Christopher James Wildeman (born October 26, 1979) is an American sociologist and Professor of Sociology at Duke University. Wildeman is known for researching the effects of incarceration on children's health, homelessness, and racial inequality.
John D. Stiles
John Dodson Stiles (January 15, 1822 – October 29, 1896) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

John D. Stiles was born in Town Hill, Pennsylvania.  He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1844 and practiced in Allentown, Pennsylvania.  He was elected district attorney of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, in 1853 and served three years.  He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1856, 1864, and 1868.  He was also a delegate to the Union National Convention at Philadelphia in 1866.

Stiles was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas B. Cooper.  He was reelected to the Thirty-eighth Congress.  He was again elected to the Forty-first Congress.  He was not a candidate for renomination in 1870.  He resumed the practice of law and died in Allentown in 1896.  Interment in Fairview Cemetery.

1864 Democratic National Convention
The 1864 Democratic National Convention was held at The Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

The Convention nominated Major General George B. McClellan from New Jersey for president, and Representative George H. Pendleton of Ohio for vice president. McClellan, age 37 at the time of the convention, and Pendleton, age 39, are the youngest major party presidential ticket ever nominated in the United States.
2014–15 Copa del Rey
The 2014–15 Copa del Rey was the 113th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The winners assure a place for the group stage of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League.

Real Madrid were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Atlético Madrid 2–4 on aggregate in the round of 16.

Barcelona won the tournament by defeating Athletic Bilbao in the final, 3–1, thus achieving their record-extending 27th title.

La Ciudad del Fútbol
La Ciudad del Fútbol de la Real Federación Española de Fútbol (English: The Football City of the Royal Spanish Football Federation) is a football training facility opened in 2003, serving as the headquarters of the Royal Spanish Football Federation as well as the official training centre of the Spanish football team. It is located in the municipality of Las Rozas de Madrid around 20 km northwest of the capital Madrid, within the Community of Madrid.
Expatriate (band)
Expatriate is an Australian indie rock band from Sydney, Australia, formed in 2005. The band comprises vocalist Ben King, drummer Cristo, keyboardist Damian Press and bassist David Molland.

Expatriate has released two studio albums and two EPs to date, with the first album charting at No. 38 in the ARIA charts. The name is derived from what the band describe as "common themes running through each member's life".

Bassist
A bassist (also known as a bass player or bass guitarist) is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar (electric bass, acoustic bass), keyboard bass (synth bass) or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or trombone. Many musical genres tend to be associated with at least one or more of these instruments.
Bas van der Vlies
Bastiaan Johannis "Bas" van der Vlies (29 June 1942 – 7 November 2021) was a Dutch politician of the Reformed Political Party (SGP) and teacher.

He was an MP from 10 June 1981 to 17 June 2010. He was also both Parliamentary leader and Leader of the Reformed Political Party from 22 May 1986 to 10 May 2010. Van der Vlies obtained a hydraulic engineering degree from the Delft University of Technology. He worked as a maths teacher before becoming a politician.

Parliamentary leader
A parliamentary leader is a political title or a descriptive term used in various countries to designate the person leading a parliamentary group or caucus in a legislative body, whether it be a national or sub-national legislature. They are their party's most senior member of parliament (MP) in most parliamentary democracies.

A party leader may be the same person as the parliamentary leader, or the roles may be separated.
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association
The Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association (DFWFCA) is an organization of over 20 print, radio/TV and internet journalists from Dallas–Fort Worth-based publications. In December of each year, the DFWFCA meets to vote on their Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards for films released in the same calendar year.

In December 2006, the Miami Herald described the association as "one of the most reliable bellwethers of the Academy Award for Best Picture."

2014 in film
The following is an overview of the events of 2014 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, and a list of films released and notable deaths. DreamWorks Pictures and DreamWorks Animation celebrate their 20th anniversary in 2014.
Order-5 cubic honeycomb
In hyperbolic geometry, the order-5 cubic honeycomb is one of four compact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs) in hyperbolic 3-space. With Schläfli symbol {4,3,5}, it has five cubes {4,3}  around each edge, and 20 cubes around each vertex. It is dual with the order-4 dodecahedral honeycomb.

A geometric honeycomb is a space-filling of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space, like the convex uniform honeycombs. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic uniform honeycombs.  Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.

Convex uniform honeycomb
In geometry, a convex uniform honeycomb is a uniform tessellation which fills three-dimensional Euclidean space with non-overlapping convex uniform polyhedral cells.

Twenty-eight such honeycombs are known:

the familiar cubic honeycomb and 7 truncations thereof;

the alternated cubic honeycomb and 4 truncations thereof;

10 prismatic forms based on the uniform plane tilings (11 if including the cubic honeycomb);

5 modifications of some of the above by elongation and/or gyration.

They can be considered the three-dimensional analogue to the uniform tilings of the plane.

The Voronoi diagram of any lattice forms a convex uniform honeycomb in which the cells are zonohedra.