hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grass (surname)
Grass is an English surname. A possible origin is being an anglicized surname of Scottish origin derived from the occupation of shoemaker (Scottish Gaelic word greusaich or griasaich).

Alex Grass (1927–2009), American businessman and lawyer

Arthur Grass (1897–1994), English-born Brazilian cricketer

Frank J. Grass (born 1951), American general

Günter Grass (1927–2015), German author and playwright

John Grass (1837–1918), Native American Lakota leader

Philippe Grass (1801–1876), French sculptor

Vincent Grass (born 1949), Belgian actor

John Grass
John Grass, Matȟó Watȟákpe or Charging Bear (c. 1836–May 10, 1918) was a chief of the Sihasapa (Blackfeet) band of Lakota people during the 1870s through 1890s. He fought at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana. In the summer of 1873, he led his men of the Sihasapa and Oglala/Brule against the Pawnee in Nebraska near the Republican River, killing between 75 and 100 Pawnee men with mostly women and children, although the estimates of dead ranged at 156. The incident was named The Battle of Massacre Canyon.
Pseudochapsa aptrootiana
Pseudochapsa aptrootiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres, Thamires Almeida Pereira, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from Mata do Cipó (Capela e Siriri, Sergipe) at an elevation of 80–100 m (260–330 ft); here, in an Atlantic Rainforest remnant, it was found in the forest understory. It has a light grey thallus lacking a prothallus and a cortex. Its ascospores, which number eight per ascus, are oblong to spindle-shaped (fusiform) with between 11 and 15 septa and measure 30–35 by 7–8 μm. Lichen products that occur in Pseudochapsa aptrootiana include stictic and constictic acid as major or submajor metabolites, and minor to trace amounts of cryptostictic, hypostictic, and acetylhypoconstictic acids. The species epithet honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his invaluable contributions to tropical lichenology".

Stictic acid
Stictic acid is an aromatic organic compound, a product of secondary metabolism in some species of lichens.

Stictic acid is the subject of preliminary biomedical research. Stictic acid has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in vitro. Computational studies suggest stictic acid may also stimulate p53 reactivation.
Stefano Pecci
Stefano Pecci (born 10 May 1979) is an Italian modern pentathlete. He represented Italy at the 2000 Summer Olympics held in Sydney, Australia in the men's modern pentathlon and he finished in 13th place.

In 2004, at the 2004 World Modern Pentathlon Championships held in Moscow, Russia, he won the bronze medal in the men's team event, alongside Andrea Valentini and Enrico dell'Amore.

In 2016, he was a candidate for the board of the European Confederation of Modern Pentathlon (ECMP) but he did not receive enough votes to be elected.

Modern pentathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's
The men's modern pentathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney was held on 30 September. Three venues were used: The Dome and Exhibition Complex (fencing and shooting), Sydney International Aquatic Centre (swimming) and Sydney Baseball Stadium (horse-riding and cross-country running). Dmitry Svatkovsky from Russia won the gold medal with a score of 5,376 points.
Royal Wessex Regiment
The Royal Wessex Regiment was the name suggested for a regiment proposed by the initial discussions into the Future Army Structure brought up as part of Delivering Security in a Changing World. It was planned to be formed by the amalgamation of the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment and Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment.

Delivering Security in a Changing World
The 2003 Defence White Paper, titled Delivering Security in a Changing World, set out the future structure of the British military, and was preceded by the 1998 Strategic Defence Review (SDR) and the 2002 SDR New Chapter, which responded to the immediate challenges to security in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in 2001. Published under the then Secretary of State for Defence, Geoff Hoon, the report effectively introduced a series of cutbacks to core equipment and manpower and the scaling back of a series of future capital procurement projects. This was justified due to the implementation of a policy termed Network Enabled Capability. The review also outlined a major restructuring and consolidation of British Army Infantry regiments.
Richard Duffield
Richard Duffield (fl. 1413–1435), of Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Great Grimsby in
May 1413, November 1414, 1420, December 1421, 1422, 1423, 1425, 1426, 1431, 1432, 1433 and 1435.

Great Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)
Great Grimsby was a constituency in North East Lincolnshire represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since December 2019 by Lia Nici of the Conservative Party. Between 1918 and 1983 it was known simply as Grimsby; following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was subject to boundary changes, incorporating the neighbouring town of Cleethorpes. As a consequence, it was renamed Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes, first contested at the 2024 general election.
1953 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1953 Cork Junior Football Championship was the 55th staging of the Cork Junior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1895.

The final was played on 15 November 1953 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Bandon and Glanworth, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Bandon won the match by 1–04 to 1–02 to claim their third championship title overall and a third championship title in 24 years.

Cork Athletic Grounds
The Cork Athletic Grounds was a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) stadium where major hurling and football matches were played. Situated in the Ballintemple area of Cork in Ireland, it was the home of Cork GAA between 1904 and 1974. The stadium was demolished in 1974 and replaced by Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
Fersit
Fersit  (Scottish Gaelic: Fearsaid Mhòr) is a hamlet  close to Tulloch railway station in Lochaber, Scottish Highlands and is in the Highland council area.

The River Treig, the outlet of Loch Treig, runs past Fersit.

Fersit had a small station on the West Highland Line, known as Fersit Halt. This was a temporary structure, used during the construction of the Lochaber hydro-electric scheme, and closed in 1935. The Lochaber Narrow Gauge Railway, a railway line built for the construction of the hydro scheme, also passed by Fersit.

West Highland Line
The West Highland Line (Scottish Gaelic: Rathad Iarainn nan Eilean – "Iron Road to the Isles") is a railway line linking the ports of Mallaig and Oban in the Scottish Highlands to Glasgow in Central Scotland. The line was voted the top rail journey in the world by readers of independent travel magazine Wanderlust in 2009, ahead of the notable Trans-Siberian line in Russia and the Cuzco to Machu Picchu line in Peru. The ScotRail website has since reported that the line has been voted the most scenic railway line in the world for the second year running.

The West Highland Line is one of two railway lines that access the remote and mountainous west coast of Scotland, the other being the Kyle of Lochalsh Line which connects Inverness with Kyle of Lochalsh. The line is the westernmost railway line in Great Britain.

At least in part, the West Highland Line is the same railway line as that referred to as the West Highland Railway.
Hoosier Crossroads Conference
The Hoosier Crossroads Conference is a member conference of the Indiana High School Athletic Association. Teams first competed in the conference in the 2000–2001 school year. The HCC contains eight high schools in the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area. There are two schools in Hendricks County, one in Boone County, four in Hamilton County, and one in Marion County.

Indiana High School Athletic Association
The Indiana High School Athletic Association (IHSAA) is the arbiter of interscholastic competition among public and private high schools in the U.S. state of Indiana.

Member schools are classified into four classes based on enrollment, ranging from the smallest, 1A, to the largest, 4A. Some sports provide specific classifications, such as football (six classes) and soccer (three).

The IHSAA's boys and girls basketball tournaments, sometimes dubbed Hoosier Hysteria, are some of the oldest and best-attended state basketball tournaments in the United States.
7J
7J or 7-J can refer to:

7J, code for Lake Oswego School District

7J, IATA code for Tajik Air

MD 7J, see Maryland Route 7

7J, code for No. 7 (Belgian AF) Squadron RAF, see List of RAF Squadron Codes

7J, the production code for the 1988–89 Doctor Who serial The Greatest Show in the Galaxy

Lake Oswego School District
The Lake Oswego School District (7J) is a public school district serving Lake Oswego, Oregon, United States, a suburb about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland. The district comprises 10 primary and secondary schools with a total enrollment of 6,854 during the 2022-23 school year.
Forbidden City Concert Hall
Forbidden City Concert Hall (Chinese: 中山公园音乐堂; lit. 'Zhongshan Park Music Hall') is a 1,419-seat multi-purpose venue in Beijing. The name of the venue came from the fact that it is located within the grounds of the Beijing Zhongshan Park, a vast former imperial altar Shejitan and now a public park located to the southwest of the Forbidden City and in the Imperial City.

Aside from its acoustics, the Concert Hall is well known for the romantic setting of its environment, as it is situated inside one of Beijing's most beautiful parks and is surrounded by historic gardens and landmarks.

Beijing Shejitan
The Beijing Shejitan (simplified Chinese: 北京社稷坛; traditional Chinese: 北京社稷壇), also known as the Altar of Earth and Harvests or the Altar of Land and Grain, is a Confucian altar located in the Zhongshan Park in Beijing, China. Built in 1421 by the Ming dynasty, it was where national soil and grain ceremonies were conducted during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Shejitan is also located in the opposite geometric location to the Imperial Ancestral Temple.  Along with the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the Temple of Agriculture, and the Temple of Heaven, it is one of Beijing's main imperial temples.
Syed Aqil Shah
Syed Aqil Shah (born 13 February 1950), is a Pakistani politician, president of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Olympic Association, and the former president of Pakistan Wrestling Federation, provincial minister for sports, tourism and culture who represented Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from PK-4 (Swat-III) constituency. Aqil served twice as state minister after contesting assembly elections of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2008 and later the 2013 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election. Aqil has served twice as a member of Peshawar Cantonment, the senate, and provincial secretary for information.

He also served as president of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) Olympic Association, and later he was appointed as vice-president of the National Olympic Committee of Pakistan. As a president of Pakistan Wrestling Federation (PWF), he represented the country at multi-sport events held at domestic and international level, including the Seoul Olympics.

Pakistan Wrestling Federation
The Pakistan Wrestling Federation (PWF) is the national governing body of wrestling in Pakistan. It is responsible for overseeing the freestyle, Greco-Roman, pankration, beach, and belt styles of wrestling. Women's wrestling is also overseen by the PWF.

The PWF was formed in Lahore in 1953. Muhammad Abdul Mobeen is the current president of the federation.
Bad as I Wanna B
Bad as I Wanna B is the fifth album released by American rapper MC Lyte. It was released on August 27, 1996, for EastWest Records and was produced by Jermaine Dupri, Rashad Smith, Carl-So-Lowe, R. Kelly, Goldenboy (K-Cut), MC Lyte and Nat Robinson.

Bad as I Wanna B peaked at No. 59 on the Billboard 200, the MC Lyte's highest position on this chart, and No. 11 on the Top R&B Albums chart. In Germany, the album reached No. 95 on the Offizielle Top 100, becoming MC Lyte's first studio album to chart outside of the United States.

The album featured two charting singles, "Keep On, Keepin' On," which reached No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 27 on the UK Singles Chart, and "Cold Rock a Party," which reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 15 on the UK Singles Chart. Both singles were certified Gold by the RIAA.

Rashad Smith (producer)
Rashad Smith is an American hip hop and R&B record producer.

At the age of 19, he provided beats to Main Source, Eric B. & Rakim and A Tribe Called Quest. He proceeded further into the music business by working directly with Andre Harrell at the newly minted Uptown Records.

He is the cousin of producer and Main Source member K-Cut.
Smerinthus tokyonis
Smerinthus tokyonis, the Japanese eyed hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Shōnen Matsumura in 1921. It is known from Honshu and Shikoku in Japan.

Adults have been recorded in June.

Shōnen Matsumura
Shōnen Matsumura (松村 松年, Matsumura Shōnen; 5 March  1872 – 7 November 1960) was a Japanese entomologist.

Born in Akashi, Hyōgo, Dr. Shōnen Matsumura established Japan's first course on entomology at Hokkaido University. The courses were both applied (on insects of importance in forestry and agriculture) and theoretical. He named over 1,200 species of Japanese insects and in 1926 he founded the entomological journal Insecta Matsumurana.  Matsumura wrote many scientific papers and books including 6,000 illustrated Insects of Japan-Empire (1931).  He died in Tokyo.

His collection is in Hokkaido University in Sapporo.
James McCrae (politician)
James Collus McCrae (born September 19, 1948) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1986 to 1999, in the Progressive Conservative Party caucus. From 1988 to 1999, McCrae was a cabinet minister in the government of Premier Gary Filmon.

Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba (PC; French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is currently the opposition party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, following a defeat in the 2023 provincial election.
Bharat Shah (Kenyan cricketer)
Bharat Shah (October 14, 1945 – January 18, 2016) is a Kenyan former first-class cricketer.

Shah made one appearance in first-class cricket for Kenya against the touring Pakistan Starlets at Nairobi in 1986. Opening the batting twice in the match alongside Daniel Macdonald, he was dismissed for 6 runs in the Kenyan first innings by Mohsin Kamal, while in their second innings he narrowly missed out on a century, making 97 runs before being dismissed by Nadeem Ghauri. He also represented Kenya in the 1990 ICC Trophy in the Netherlands, making five appearances in the tournament.

Mohsin Kamal
Mohsin Kamal (born 16 June 1963) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in nine Test matches and 19 One Day Internationals from 1984 to 1994.

Kamal was appointed coach of the Bangladesh national cricket team in 2002. He was sacked in March 2003 shortly before the end of his one-year contract, following the team's poor performance at the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa.
Starnberg – Landsberg am Lech
Starnberg – Landsberg am Lech (English: Starnberg – Landsberg at the Lech) is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 223. It is located in southwestern Bavaria, comprising the districts of Landsberg and Starnberg.

Starnberg – Landsberg am Lech was created for the 1980 federal election. Since 2017, it has been represented by Michael Kießling of the Christian Social Union (CSU).

1980 West German federal election
A federal election was held in West Germany on 5 October 1980 to elect the members of the 9th Bundestag. Although the CDU/CSU remained the largest faction in parliament, Helmut Schmidt of the Social Democratic Party remained Chancellor.
Semioptila ansorgei
Semioptila ansorgei is a moth in the Himantopteridae family. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1907. It is endemic to Angola. It is named for William John Ansorge, the collector of the holotype.

The body, the basal area of the forewing, a spot at the apex of the cell of both wings and the basal third of the hindwing are yellow. The rest of the wings are brownish black and transparent. The hindwings are of nearly even width from the base to the apex, the abdominal margin being very slightly dilated beyond the middle in most specimens, and the tip of the tail feebly widened.

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), was a British banker, politician, zoologist, and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.
Yuri Yakovlev (military officer)
Yuri Vladimirovich Yakovlev (Russian: Юрий Владимирович Яковлев; born April 29, 1952) is a Russian intelligence officer, head of the Economic Security Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (2008–2016), deputy general director of the Rosatom State Corporation (since October 10, 2016), and holds the rank of General of the Army.

Army general (Russia)
Army general (Russian: Генера́л а́рмии, romanized: Generál ármii) is the second highest military rank in Russia, subordinate only to a marshal and superior to a colonel general. It is a direct counterpart of the Soviet Army General rank.

At present it is also the highest rank in the air force, artillery, aerospace defense forces, armored troops, engineer troops and signal troops, unlike the Soviet Union where similarly ranked officers were called marshals and chief marshals of a branch. The corresponding naval rank is admiral of the fleet.

On appointment as Defence Minister on 7 May 1992, Pavel Grachev was the first officer to be promoted to this rank. Vladimir Yakovlev was promoted to this grade while serving as commander of the Strategic Missile Forces (1997–2001).
Dermophis costaricense
Dermophis costaricense is a species of caecilian in the family Dermophiidae. It is endemic to Costa Rica and is found on the Atlantic versant of Cordillera de Tilarán, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera de Talamanca. Its taxonomic status is in need of a review.

Cordillera de Talamanca
The Cordillera de Talamanca is a mountain range that lies in the southeast half of Costa Rica and the far west of Panama. Much of the range and the area around it is included in La Amistad International Park, which also is shared between the two countries.

This range in the south of Costa Rica stretches from southwest of San José to beyond the border with Panama and contains the highest peaks of both Costa Rica and Panama, among them Cerro Chirripó at 3,820 metres (12,530 ft), and the more accessible high peak of Cerro de la Muerte. Much of the Caribbean areas of the range are still unexplored.
Ölöng-Bulak
Ölöng-Bulak (Kyrgyz: Өлөң-Булак) is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Aksy District. The village was established 
in the area of Kashka-Suu rural settlement (ayyl ökmötü) and was officially assigned to ayyl (village) category in July 2019. Its population was 1,241 in 2021.

Jalal-Abad Region
Jalal-Abad (/dʒəˈlɑːl əˈbɑːd/; Kyrgyz: [dʒɑˌɫɑɫɑˈbɑt]) is a region (oblus) of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Manas. It is surrounded by (clockwise from the north) Talas Region, Chüy Region, Naryn Region, Osh Region, and Uzbekistan. Jalal-Abad Region was established on 21 November 1939. On 27 January 1959 it became a part of Osh Region, but regained its old status as a region on 14 December 1990. Its total area is 32,418 km2 (12,517 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 1,260,617 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Uzbek (24.8% in 2009) minority.
Terrorism in Russia
Terrorism in Russia has a long history starting from the time of the Russian Empire. Terrorism, in the modern sense, means violence against civilians to achieve political or ideological objectives by creating extreme fear.

Terrorism was an important tool used by revolutionaries in the early 20th century to disrupt the social, political, and economic system and enable rebels to bring down the Tsarist government of the Russian Empire.

Starting from the end of the 20th century, significant terrorist activity has taken place in Russia, most notably the Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis, the 1999 apartment bombings, the Moscow theater hostage crisis, the Beslan school siege, and most recently the Crocus City Hall attack and the 2024 Dagestan attacks. Many more acts of terrorism have been committed in major Russian cities, as well as the regions of Chechnya and Dagestan.

Sergei Yushenkov
Sergei Nikolayevich Yushenkov (Russian: Серге́й Никола́евич Юшенко́в; 27 June 1950 – 17 April 2003) was a Russian politician. He was assassinated on 17 April 2003, just hours after registering his political party to participate in the December 2003 parliamentary elections.
Jacob Forney Jr. House
Jacob Forney Jr. House is a historic home located near Morganton, Burke County, North Carolina, United States.  It was built in 1825–1826, and is a two-story, four-bay, Federal-style brick house. Its brickwork is laid in Flemish bond. It sits on a stone foundation.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Morganton, North Carolina
Morganton is a city in and the county seat of Burke County, North Carolina, United States. It is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the Catawba River.

The population was 17,474 at the 2020 census. Morganton is approximately 75 miles (121 km) northwest of Charlotte and 57 miles (92 km) east of Asheville. It is one of the principal cities in the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Barnabas Kinyor
Barnabas Agui Kinyor (born 3 August 1961 in Nandi Hills) is a retired Kenyan athlete who specialized in the 400 metres hurdles.

He finished seventh at the 1990 Commonwealth Games, eighth at the 1993 World Championships and won the bronze medal at the 1994 Commonwealth Games. He also competed at the 1992 and 1996 Olympic Games as well as the 1995 World Championships without reaching the final.

His personal best time was 48.90 seconds, achieved in the heats of the 1992 Olympics.

Nandi Hills, Kenya
Nandi Hills is a town and also an electoral constituency in  Kenya's Nandi County. The name refers to the general area of Nandi County, where the urban settlement is located.  Its current Member of Parliament is Hon. Bernard Kibor Kitur of  United Democratic Alliance (UDA) party.
Desvres
Desvres (French pronunciation: [dɛvʁ]; Picard: Dèfes; West Flemish: Deveren) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. It is a market town, known for its pottery. In 2018 its population was 4,930 inhabitants. It is the seat of the canton of Desvres.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.