hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Molnar (geophysicist)
Peter Molnar (August 25, 1943 – June 23, 2022) was a professor in Geological Sciences at the University of Colorado. His research focused on aspects of how mountain ranges form and continental lithosphere deforms.

Molnar was born August 25, 1943, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics from Oberlin College in 1965 and his Ph.D. in seismology from Columbia University in 1970.

He was a winner of the Crafoord Prize and a fellow of the American Geophysical Union. He won the Crafoord Prize in 2014 for discovering "the driving forces behind plate motions and the place of continents in the plate tectonic model of Earth's evolution. Innovatively combining geological and geophysical methods of inquiry with satellite measurements and modelling, the Laureate has also paved the way to a new understanding of the formation of mountain ranges and their role in global tectonics."

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Te Huirangi Waikerepuru
Huirangi Eruera Waikerepuru CNZM (1 April 1929 – 8 April 2020) was a New Zealand Māori language activist and trade unionist of Taranaki and Ngāpuhi descent. He was active in the foundation and governance of Māori language radio and television.

Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (also known as Ngāpuhi-Nui-Tonu or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 184,470. This compares to 125,601 in 2001, 102,981 in 2006, 122,214  in 2013. and 165,201 in 2018. It is formed from 150 hapū or subtribes, with 55 marae.

Despite such diversity, the people of Ngāpuhi maintain their shared history and self-identity. Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, based in Kaikohe, administers the iwi. The Rūnanga acts on behalf of the iwi in consultations with the New Zealand government. It also ensures the equitable distribution of benefits from the 1992 fisheries settlement with the government, and undertakes resource management and education initiatives.
Bezverkhovo
Bezverkhovo (Russian: Безверхово) is the name of three rural localities in Russia:

Bezverkhovo, Moscow Oblast, a hamlet in Solnechnogorsky District of Moscow Oblast

Bezverkhovo, Primorsky Krai, a village in Khasansky District of Primorsky Krai

Bezverkhovo, Yaroslavl Oblast, a hamlet in Pervomaysky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by the Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda oblasts.

This geographic location gives the oblast the advantages of proximity to Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Additionally, the city of Yaroslavl, the administrative center of the oblast, is served by major highways, railroads, and waterways. The population of the oblast was 1,272,468 as of the 2010 Census.
Kazuoki Kodama
Kazuoki Kodama (児玉 和興, Kodama Kazauoki)(born June 8, 1965) is a Japanese nordic combined skier who competed from 1989 to 1991. He won a bronze medal in the 3 x 10 km team event at the 1991 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme. He also competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Fiemme Valley
Fiemme Valley (Italian: Val di Fiemme, German: Fleimstal) is a valley in the Trentino province, i.e. the southern half of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, in northern Italy, located in the Dolomites mountain region.
Languages of Egypt
Egyptians speak a continuum of dialects. The predominant dialect in Egypt is Egyptian Colloquial Arabic or Masri/Masry (مصرى Egyptian), which is the vernacular language. Literary Arabic is the official language and the most widely written. The Coptic language is used liturgically by Copts as it is the liturgical language of Coptic Christianity.

Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige than standard language, which is more codified, institutionally promoted, literary, or formal. More narrowly, any particular variety of a natural language that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc.
NorthSouth Productions
NorthSouth Productions LLC is a television production company in the United States that was founded by Charlie DeBevoise and Mark Hickman in 2000. NorthSouth creates and produces original programming for a variety of broadcast and cable networks including Peacock, HGTV, Discovery, TLC, History, A&E, MTV, VH1, SyFy, OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, TruTV, WE tv, Discovery Health, Food Network, Lifetime, and the Sundance Channel. Their production credits include documentaries, reality television, travel series, and sports entertainment. The company has offices in New York City and Knoxville, Tennessee.

On December 6, 2012, it was announced that Hearst Corporation would take a 50% stake in NorthSouth. In 2016, Charlie DeBevoise bought out Mark Hickman of his stake in the company. DeBevoise now owns 50% of the company. In 2019, he formed NoSo Films to develop, produce, and finance long form documentaries.

Digital Graffiti is NorthSouth's full-service post-production facility.

Sundance TV
Sundance TV (formerly known as Sundance Channel) is an American pay television channel owned by AMC Networks that launched on February 1, 1996. The channel is named after Robert Redford's character in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and, while it is an extension of Redford's non-profit Sundance Institute, the channel operates independently of both the Institute and the Sundance Film Festival.

Originally, Sundance was dedicated largely to airing documentaries, independent feature films, short films, world cinema, and coverage on the latest developments from each year's Sundance Film Festival. The channel has since incorporated both original and acquired programming and became fully ad-supported in 2013, with programming being edited for content soon thereafter.

As of November 2023, Sundance is available to approximately 54,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2017 peak of 71,000,000 households.
Eckhart (TV series)
Eckhart is an animated television series based on David Weale's children's book of the same name. The series was co-produced by Cellar Door Productions, Catalyst Entertainment and Animation Services Hong Kong Limited for Teletoon, and aired between 2000-2002. It was created and based on a children's book by David Weale. Approximately, 39 episodes of the program were produced. The pilot ("The True Meaning of Crumbfest") was also a Christmas special on Teletoon in 1998.

CCI Entertainment
CCI Entertainment Ltd. (Cambium Catalyst International) is a Canadian television production company that focuses on the production of television shows and feature-length films. The company was formed in February 2002 as a merger between Cambium Entertainment and Catalyst Entertainment.
Żarnowica Mała
Żarnowica Mała [ʐarnɔˈvit͡sa ˈmawa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolbórz, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south of Wolbórz, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 43 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Drive Away/Shiawase no Jōken
"Drive Away/Shiawase no Jōken" is the second single by the band Girl Next Door and it was released on October 8, 2008. "Drive away" was used as the commercial song for Toyota Technical Development Corp. while "Shiawase no Jōken" was used as the ending theme for Osama no Branch.

Girl Next Door (band)
Girl Next Door was a Japanese pop musical trio that debuted in 2008 on the Avex Trax label. The band consists of vocalist Chisa, guitarist Yuji Inoue and Daisuke Suzuki on keyboard. On September 3, 2013, the group's fifth anniversary, the band formally announced plans to dissolve Girl Next Door within the year. Their final performance as a group was held at SHIBUYA-AX on December 8, 2013.
Hermadionella
Hermadionella is a genus of marine polychaete worms belonging to the family Polynoidae, the scaleworms. Hermadionella contains 3 species which are known from the north-west Pacific and Arctic Oceans from the intertidal to depths of about 200 m.

Chaeta
A chaeta or cheta (from Ancient Greek  χαίτη (khaítē) 'crest, mane, flowing hair'; pl. chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found on annelid worms, although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such as arthropods. Polychaete annelids (polychaeta literally meaning "many bristles") are named for their chaetae. In Polychaeta, chaetae are found as bundles on the parapodia, paired appendages on the side of the body. The chaetae are epidermal, extracellular structures, and clearly visible in most polychaetes. They are probably the best-studied structures in these animals. Segments bearing chaetae are called chaetigers.
Woodlands Checkpoint
The Woodlands Checkpoint is one of Singapore's two land border checkpoints, connecting ground traffic with Malaysia. It services the vehicular traffic (cars, buses, lorries, motorcycles) along with pedestrians that goes through the Johor–Singapore Causeway. The only other Singapore land border checkpoint (Tuas Checkpoint) services the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link.

Singapore dollar
The Singapore dollar (sign: S$; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. It is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen, Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn, Tamil: காசு, romanized: kācu). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.

As of 2024, the Singapore dollar is the 13th most traded currency in the world. Apart from its use in Singapore, the Singapore dollar is also accepted as customary tender in Brunei according to the Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam). Likewise, the Brunei dollar is also customarily accepted in Singapore.
St. Regis, Montana
St. Regis or Saint Regis is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, Montana. The population was 313 at the time of the 2020 census.

Pierre-Jean De Smet travelled extensively in this area of Montana. He named the river, after which the town takes its name, after a fellow Jesuit priest. The post office opened in 1896.

The Northern Pacific Railway built a railroad through the town in the early 1900's, boosting the economy.

Pierre-Jean De Smet
Pierre-Jean De Smet, SJ (Dutch and French IPA: [də smɛt]; 30 January 1801 – 23 May 1873), also known as Pieter-Jan De Smet, was a Flemish Catholic priest and member of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). He is known primarily for his widespread missionary work in the mid-19th century among the Native American peoples, in the midwestern and northwestern United States and western Canada.

His extensive travels as a missionary were said to total 180,000 miles (290,000 km). He was affectionately known as "Friend of Sitting Bull", as he persuaded the Sioux war chief to participate in negotiations with the American government for the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie. The Native Americans gave him the affectionate nickname De Grote Zwartrok ("The Great Black Skirt").
Home Detention Curfew
Home Detention Curfew (HDC) is a detention scheme in the United Kingdom whereby fixed-term offenders serving between three months and four years in prison may be released between 15 days and 180 days (depending on sentence length) earlier than their 'normal' release date at the half-way point of the sentence to allow them to integrate back into society. HDC is not available  to those serving sentences for particular offences such as serious sex offences or violent crime, or to those 'liable to removal' from the UK. Prisoners are assessed for risk prior to being released under this scheme. Typically prisoners under HDC are required to remain in their designated home between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m., and fitted with an electronic monitoring tag to verify that they do not violate the terms of this curfew.

Sex and the law
Sex and the law deals with the regulation by law of human sexual activity. Sex laws vary from one place or jurisdiction to another, and have varied over time. Unlawful sexual acts are called sex crimes.

Some laws regarding sexual activity are intended to protect one or all participants, while others are intended to proscribe behavior that has been defined as a crime. For example, a law may proscribe unprotected sex if one person knows that they have a sexually transmitted infection or to protect a minor; or it may proscribe non-consensual sex. In general, laws may proscribe acts which are considered either sexual abuse or behavior that societies consider to be inappropriate and against the social norms. Sexual abuse is unwanted sexual contact between two or more adults or two or more minors, and, depending on laws with regard to age of consent, sexual contact between an adult and a minor.
Eight Thousand Li of Cloud and Moon (TV series)
Eight Thousand Li of Cloud and Moon is a Taiwanese television series based on the life of Yue Fei, a Song dynasty general widely regarded as a patriot and national hero in Chinese culture for his role in the Jurchen campaigns against the Song dynasty. The Chinese title of the series comes from a line in Man Jiang Hong, a patriotic poem commonly attributed to Yue Fei. The series was first aired on CTS in Taiwan from 21 November 1988 to 13 January 1989.

Chinese Television System
The Chinese Television System Inc. (Chinese: 中華電視公司; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Diànshì Gōngsī; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-hôa-tiān-sī-kong-si; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄕˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ) is a terrestrial television station in Taiwan and was founded in 1971. Recent milestones of the network are in sports events, including having the distinction to offer exclusive coverage of the 2017 Universiade, which was held in Taipei. This included airing the opening and closing ceremonies, plus major games, and it enabled its YouTube channel with several options to watch the rest of the games. Due to recent interest in soccer in Taiwan triggered by the success of its national team, it also bought the rights to broadcast on its free-to-air waves the 2018 FIFA World Cup for all matches from the round of 16 to the end of the tournament, thereby becoming the only channel which offered an event often reserved to cable TV channels.
Laurier (federal electoral district)
Laurier, a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1988.

It was set up in 1933 from parts of Laurier—Outremont and Saint-Denis ridings. It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Laurier—Sainte-Marie, Outremont, Rosemont and Saint-Henri—Westmount ridings.

The riding was re-created in 2003, and renamed Laurier—Sainte-Marie in 2004.

Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie (federal electoral district)
Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie (French pronunciation: [ʁozmɔ̃ la pətit patʁi]; formerly known as Rosemont and Rosemont—Petite-Patrie) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1979.
Heiner Schuhmann
Heiner Schuhmann (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪnɐ ˈʃuːman]; born 4 November 1948) is a retired German football player and coach best known for his time at FC Augsburg. He served the club as a player and coach in the first team on five occasions but had his greatest success as a youth coordinator with the club. In the later position he also worked at Bayern Munich.

Regionalliga Süd (1963–1974)
The Regionalliga Süd was the second-highest level of the German football league system.  It existed in the south of West Germany from 1963 until the formation of the 2. Bundesliga in 1974. It covered the three states of Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and Hesse.
William Hamilton Merritt
William Hamilton Merritt (July 3, 1793 – July 5, 1862) was a businessman and politician in the Niagara Peninsula of Upper Canada in the early 19th century.  Although he was born in the United States, his family was Loyalist and eventually settled in Upper Canada.  Merritt fought in the War of 1812, was captured by the invading American forces, and held as a prisoner of war.  After the war, he returned to the Niagara region and began a career in business.  He was one of the founders of the Welland Canal. He was a supporter of the Abolitionist cause to end slavery in the U.S., and of the settlement of escaped slaves in St. Catharines.

Niagara Peninsula
The Niagara Peninsula is an isthmus lying between the southwestern shore of Lake Ontario and the northeastern shore of Lake Erie, in Ontario, Canada. Technically an isthmus rather than a peninsula, it stretches from the Niagara River in the east to Hamilton, Ontario, in the west. The peninsula is located in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, and has a population of roughly 500 000  residents. The region directly across the Niagara River and Lake Erie in New York State is known as the Niagara Frontier.
Richard Wogan
Richard Wogan (died after 1453) was an Irish judge and cleric who held the office of Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and also served as a soldier.

He was born in County Kildare, a member of the Wogan family of Rathcoffey Castle, which produced several distinguished Irish officials. They were originally a Pembrokeshire family. John Wogan, Justiciar of Ireland, died in 1321, having been granted Rathcoffey,  Clane and other lands in Kildare in 1317. His descendants built Rathcoffey Castle. The precise relationship between John and Richard is unclear.

Richard was a clergyman, but never held high office in the Church: he was described in the Council minutes as "chaplain". He was first mentioned as a Crown official in Ireland in 1441, and held the office of Lord Chancellor, probably between the years 1442 and 1449 (although as usual in this period the exact dates are disputed).

Chief governor of Ireland
The chief governor was the senior official in the Dublin Castle administration, which maintained English and British rule in Ireland from the 1170s to 1922. The chief governor was the viceroy of the English monarch (and later the British monarch) and presided over the Privy Council of Ireland. In some periods he was in effective charge of the administration, subject only to the monarch; in others he was a figurehead and power was wielded by others.
Radhika Nair (researcher)
Radhika Nair  is an Indian cancer biology researcher. She currently serves as the Ramanujan Faculty Fellow at the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, in Trivandrum, India, and senior research officer at Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. She specializes in understanding the cell intrinsic mechanisms that allow tumor cells to survive, go dormant and then thrive, specifically in breast cancer.

Garvan Institute of Medical Research
The Garvan Institute of Medical Research is an Australian biomedical research institute located in Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales. Founded in 1963 by the Sisters of Charity as a research department of St Vincent's Hospital, it is now one of Australia's largest medical research institutions, with approximately 750 scientists, students and support staff.
Lindale Mall
Lindale Mall is an enclosed regional shopping mall on the northeast side of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States.

Lindale is anchored by Von Maur. Outparcel properties include a free-standing Jo-Ann (occupying a former movie theater), a jewelry store as well as several restaurants.

There is also a Planet Fitness at the left of the main entrance

JoAnn Fabrics
Jo-Ann Stores, LLC, (stylized JOANN) was an American specialty retail chain that specialized in fabrics and arts and crafts supplies. The chain was based in Hudson, Ohio, and had operated over 800 stores across 49 U.S. states until the beginning of 2025. By the end of February 2025, the company began the process of liquidating all of its stores after failing to obtain a buyer. 255 stores were shuttered by the end of April while the remaining 535 locations permanently closed by May 30, 2025, a day ahead of the planned closing schedule.

It was revealed on June 5 that arts and crafts retailer Michaels had acquired Joann’s intellectual property and private labels, but none of its physical stores. Michaels itself has plans to expand its selection of products by introducing Joann's private labels to physical stores and online within the coming months. An increase in fabric searches on Michaels's website prompted the company to move forward with this decision.
2019 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B
The 2019 FIBA U20 European Championship Division B was the 15th edition of the Division B of the FIBA U20 European Championship, the second-tier level of the European Under-20 basketball championship. The tournament was played in Matosinhos, Portugal, from 12 to 21 July 2019.

2018 FIBA U20 European Championship
The 2018 FIBA U20 European Championship was the 21st edition of the FIBA U20 European Championship. The competition took place in Chemnitz, Germany from 14 to 22 July 2018. Israel U20 became the European champions for the first time.
Buckland, New Zealand
Buckland is a small town in the Franklin ward of Auckland Regional Council, on the south-east side of Pukekohe, between Pukekohe and Tuakau, and on the northern boundary of Waikato District. It is part of the Pukekohe urban area.

Auckland Regional Council
The Auckland Regional Council (ARC) was the regional council (one of the former local government authorities) of the Auckland Region. Its predecessor the Auckland Regional Authority (ARA) was formed in 1963 and became the ARC in 1989. The ARC was subsumed into the Auckland Council on 1 November 2010.