hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fedor Linde
Fedor Fedorovich Linde (Russian: Фёдор Линде; German: Friedrich Linde; 9 February 1881 – 21 August 1917) was a Russian revolutionary and political commissar. He played an "unsung but crucial role" in turning the tide of the February Revolution, in the words of historian Orlando Figes.

He was a sergeant in the Finland Regiment. For his role in leading a demonstration against Pavel Milyukov to demand his resignation, he was sent as a commissar to the Russian Army on the front by the Soviet. Here he became well known for convincing revolutionary units to continue fighting.

Linde was killed trying to convince a group of soldiers to return to combat near Lutsk in 1917, and was hailed as a "fallen fighter of the people's cause", receiving a hero's funeral.

Orlando Figes
Orlando Guy Figes (/ɔːrˈlændoʊ ɡaɪ ˈfaɪdʒiːz/ or-LAN-doh GHYE FYE-jeez; born 20 November 1959) is a British and German historian and writer. He was a professor of history at Birkbeck College, University of London, where he was made Emeritus Professor on his retirement in 2022.

Figes is known for his works on Russian history, such as A People's Tragedy (1996), Natasha's Dance (2002), The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia (2007), Crimea (2010) and Just Send Me Word (2012).   A People's Tragedy is a study of the Russian Revolution, and combines social and political history with biographical details in a historical narrative. Figes has also contributed on European history more broadly with his book The Europeans (2019).
Afonya
Afonya (Russian: Афоня) is a Soviet romantic comedy-drama film produced by Mosfilm and first released in 1975. The film became the Soviet box office leader of 1975 with a total of 62.2 million ticket sales. The film was shot on location in Yaroslavl.

Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl (/ˌjærəˈslævəl/; Russian: Ярославль, IPA: [jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl rivers. It is part of the Golden Ring, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. The population of the city at the 2021 census was 577,279.
Government Polytechnic College Anantnag
Government Polytechnic College Larkipora Anantnag is a college located in Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, and affiliated with the Jammu and Kashmir Department of Technical Education.

The college was established in 2012 under the centrally sponsored scheme “Setting up new Polytechnics” by the Ministry of Human Resources Development within the government of India. It has a campus of around 9.5 acres at Larkipora and is an AICTE-approved college for polytechnic and government institution. The J&K State Board of Technical Education is situated at Larkipora, Dooru, Anantnag, Jammu And Kashmir. This college offers polytechnic diploma courses in India, offering ITI courses for technical education. Eligibility for admission may depend on state entrance exams.

Centrally Sponsored Scheme
Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) are schemes that are implemented by state governments of India but are largely funded by the central government with a defined state government share. Examples of such schemes include the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.
Percé station
The Percé station is a closed Via Rail station in Percé, Quebec, Canada. It served the Montreal-Gaspé train until service east of Matapédia station was suspended in 2013. It is located on rue L'Anse à Beaufils 11 km (6.8 mi) southwest of the village, and was staffed with wheelchair-accessibility.

Via Rail
Via Rail Canada Inc. (reporting mark VIA) (/ˈviːə/), operating as Via Rail or Via (stylized as VIA Rail), is a Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail service in Canada.

As of December 2023, Via Rail operates 406 trains per week  across eight Canadian provinces and 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) of track, 97 percent of which is owned and maintained by other railway companies, mostly by Canadian National Railway (CN). Via Rail carried approximately 4.1 million passengers in 2023, 96 percent of which were along the Corridor routes connecting the major cities of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, and had an on-time performance of 85.4 per cent. Attracting international tourism forms an important part of Via Rail's long distance trans-continental services.
1667 in England
Events from the year 1667 in England. Dates are given in Old Style. As of the start of this year, the Gregorian calendar in use by the Dutch Republic and elsewhere on the continent is 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar in use in England.

Surinam (Dutch colony)
Surinam (Dutch: Suriname), also unofficially known as Dutch Guiana, was a Dutch plantation colony in the Guianas and the predecessor polity of the modern country of Suriname. It  was bordered by the fellow Dutch colony of Berbice to the west, and the French colony of Cayenne to the east. It later bordered British Guiana (modern-day Guyana) from 1831 to 1966.
Bakis
Bakis (also Bacis; Ancient Greek: Βάκις) is a general name for the inspired prophets and dispensers of oracles who flourished in Greece from the 8th to the 6th century B.C. Philetas of Ephesus, Aelian and John Tzetzes distinguish between three: a Boeotian, an Arcadian and an Athenian.

John Tzetzes
John Tzetzes (Greek: Ἰωάννης Τζέτζης, romanized: Iōánnēs Tzétzēs; c. 1110, Constantinople – 1180, Constantinople) was a Byzantine poet and grammarian who lived at Constantinople in the 12th century. He is known for making significant contributions in preserving much valuable information from ancient Greek literature and scholarship. Of his numerous works, the most important one is the Book of Histories, also known as Chiliades ('Thousands'). The work is a long poem containing knowledge that is unavailable elsewhere and serves as commentary on Tzetzes's own letters. Two of his other important works are the Allegoriai on the Iliad and the Odyssey, which are long didactic poems containing interpretations of Homeric theology.
Philip, Duke of Nemours
Philip of Savoy, Duke of Nemours (1490 – 25 November 1533) was a French nobleman.  He was a son of Philip II, Duke of Savoy, and his second wife Claudine de Brosse. He was a half-brother of Louise of Savoy, the mother of Francis I of France. He was the founder of the Nemours branch of the house of Savoy which eventually settled in France.

Originally destined for the priesthood, he was given the bishopric of Geneva at the age of five, but resigned it in 1510, when he was made count of Genevois. He served under Louis XII of France, with whom he was present at the battle of Agnadello (1509), under the emperor Charles V in 1520, and finally under his nephew, Francis I.

In 1528 Francis gave him the duchy of Nemours and married him to Charlotte of Orleans, a daughter of  Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville. They had:

Joanna (1532–1568), who married Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur

Jacques, Duke of Nemours

Battle of Agnadello
The Battle of Agnadello, also known as Vailà, was fought on 14 May 1509 between the army of King Louis XII of France and the Venetian rear-guard elements commanded by Bartolomeo d'Alviano. After a three hour struggle, and after Bartolomeo found himself abandoned by a part of his army, the Venetians were defeated with losses in excess of 4,000 men. Louis then occupied the rest of Lombardy.

It was one of the most significant engagements of the War of the League of Cambrai and a pivotal episode in the broader context of the Italian Wars, with Machiavelli describing it as Venice losing in a single day the territorial gains of eight centuries.
Smithophis bicolor
The brown trapezoid snake (Smithophis bicolor) is a species of snake found in India (Assam, Meghalaya; Arunachal Pradesh (Deban, Namdapha - Changlang district)), North Myanmar (Burma), and China (West Yunnan). While formerly classified under the genus Rhabdops, a study published in 2019 found it to belong to the new genus Smithophis.

Changlang district
Changlang district (Pron:/tʃæŋˈlæŋ/) is a subdivision of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, located south of Lohit district and north of Tirap district. Naga people reside here. As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Arunachal Pradesh (out of 16) after Papum Pare. It has become one of the major districts in the area owing to the presence of crude oil, coal and mineral resources in addition to tourism and hydropower.
SNADS
SNADS or Systems Network Architecture Distribution Services is an "asynchronous
distribution service that can store data for delayed delivery."

SNADS uses SNA data links to allow messages and objects to be sent from system to system using the APPC protocol. It is a very robust service: once an object has been accepted by SNADS it will get to its destination. If the communication link is unavailable (down), the transmission will be held on the sending system until the link is available, at which time it is sent. If the transmission is interrupted, it will be resumed or re-sent once the communication problem is resolved.

SNADS is available on several IBM platforms, including IBM i, the AS/400 or System/38.  Microsoft  Exchange Server 5.5 Enterprise Edition includes a gateway called SNA Distribution Services (SNADS) Connector for communication with SNADS networks.

IBM i
IBM i, the i standing for integrated, is an operating system developed by IBM for IBM Power Systems. It was originally released in 1988 as OS/400, as the sole operating system of the IBM AS/400 line of systems. It was renamed to i5/OS in 2004, before being renamed a second time to IBM i in 2008. It is an evolution of the System/38 CPF operating system, with compatibility layers for System/36 SSP and AIX applications. It inherits a number of distinctive features from the System/38 platform, including the Machine Interface which provides hardware independence, the implementation of object-based addressing on top of a single-level store, and the tight integration of a relational database into the operating system.
Downtown Disney
Downtown Disney (officially the Downtown Disney District) is a lifestyle center located at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, United States. It opened on January 12, 2001; a component of the Disneyland Resort expansion project alongside the Disney California Adventure theme park and Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa.

Lifestyle center
A lifestyle center (American English), or lifestyle centre (Commonwealth English), is an open-air shopping center which aims to create a "pedestrian-friendly, town-like atmosphere with sidewalks, landscaping, ambient lighting, and park benches. Memphis developers Poag and McEwen are generally credited with developing the concept in the late 1980s. Lifestyle centers emerged as a major retailing trend in the late 1990s. Sometimes labeled boutique malls or ersatz downtown, they are often located in affluent suburban areas.
Old Butt Knob
Old Butt Knob is a summit in Haywood County, North Carolina, in the United States. It is located within Pisgah National Forest. With an elevation of 5,522 feet (1,683 m), Old Butt Knob is the 114th highest mountain in North Carolina.

A hiking trail leads to Old Butt Knob's peak.

Pisgah National Forest
Pisgah National Forest is a National Forest in the Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina. It is administered by the United States Forest Service, part of the United States Department of Agriculture. The Pisgah National Forest is completely contained within the state of North Carolina. The forest is managed together with the other three North Carolina National Forests (Croatan, Nantahala, and Uwharrie) from common headquarters in Asheville, North Carolina. There are local ranger district offices located in Pisgah Forest, Mars Hill, and Nebo.
John F. Mugisha
John F. Mugisha (born 1 March 1970) is a Ugandan scholar, researcher, health scientist, and academic administrator. He is the fourth and current Vice-Chancellor of Bishop Stuart University, a private Chartered Higher Education Institution accredited by the Uganda National Council for Higher Education, since July 2024. Before joining Bishop Stuart University, Mugisha was, until June 2024, the Vice-Chancellor of Cavendish University Uganda, which he joined in 2016 from Uganda Martyrs University, where he had served as Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences for six years.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Mario Osbén
Mario Ignacio Osbén Méndez (14 July 1950 – 7 February 2021) was a Chilean footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Nicknamed "El Gato" ("The Cat"), he played for Ñublense, Club de Deportes Concepción, Unión Española, Colo Colo and Cobreloa during his professional career. He played for the Chile national team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, playing all three matches. In total he played 36 matches for his national team between 1979 and 1988, making his debut on 11 July 1979 in a friendly against Uruguay.

Deportes Concepción (Chile)
Deportes Concepción is a Chilean football club based in the city of Concepción, Biobio Region. As of 2025, they play at the second tier of the Chilean League system, the Primera B de Chile.

The club was founded in 1966, by the organizations of several amateur clubs such as Galvarino, Liverpool, Juvenil Unido, Santa Fe and Club Lord Cochrane. The club is one of the most popular in the VIII region of Chile. Their main rivals are Fernández Vial, with whom they play the "clásico penquista" and Huachipato. The club played their home games at Estadio Ester Roa in Concepción, Chile, which seats 30,448 people.
Jim Roskind
Jim Roskind is an American software engineer best known for designing the QUIC protocol in 2012 while an employee at Google. Roskind co-founded Infoseek in 1994 with 7 other people, including Steve Kirsch. Later that year, Roskind wrote the Python profiler which is part of the standard library. From 1995 to 2003 he was chief architect at Netscape during which time he developed Netscape's Java security module.

Steve Kirsch
Steven Todd Kirsch (born 1956 in Los Angeles) is an American entrepreneur. He has started several companies and was one of two independent inventors of the optical mouse. Kirsch has been both a philanthropic supporter of medical research, and a promoter of misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines.
Öösh Formation
The Öösh Formation, also known as the Tevsh Formation is a geological formation of Lower Cretaceous strata in Övörkhangai Province, Mongolia. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It overlies folded and metamorphosed basement strata of the Gobi region, and is capped by basalt. The succession is around 600 metres thick and consists of red claystones and sandstones, along with black thinly laminated shales. The claystones and sandstones were deposited as part of an alluvial fan system, while the shales were deposited in lakes present in the foot of the fan. Many of the fossils come from the "Cannonball beds", which comprise the lowest 60 metres of the unit and consist of green siltstone.

Lamination (geology)
In geology, lamination (from Latin  lāmina 'thin layer') is a small-scale sequence of fine layers (pl.: laminae; sg.: lamina) that occurs in sedimentary rocks. Laminae are normally smaller and less pronounced than bedding. Lamination is often regarded as planar structures one centimetre or less in thickness, whereas bedding layers are greater than one centimetre. However, structures from several millimetres to many centimetres have been described as laminae. A single sedimentary rock can have both laminae and beds.
Lucas Sithole
Lucas Sithole OIS (1931-1994) was a South African sculptor best known for his work in mainly indigenous woods, as well as for his sculptures in bronze, stone and other media.

He was born on 15 November 1931, in Springs, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa; he died on 8 May 1994, in Pongola Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. Born of a Zulu father and a Swazi mother; he was married, had seven children. He lived in Kwa-Thema, Springs, Transvaal, until 1981, thereafter near Pongola on the Swaziland/Mozambique border. He never travelled beyond the South African borders, except to Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Irish republican legitimism
Irish republican legitimism denies the legitimacy of the political entities of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland and posits that the pre-partition Irish Republic continues to exist. It is a more extreme form of Irish republicanism, which denotes rejection of  all British rule in Ireland. The concept shapes aspects of, but is not synonymous with, abstentionism.

British rule in Ireland
British rule in Ireland was built upon the 12th-century Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland on behalf of Kingdom of England, where parts of Ireland fell under English control. The full conquest of the island was completed in the 17th century after the Tudor conquest of Ireland. Most of Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom following the Anglo-Irish War in the early 20th century. Initially formed as a Dominion called the Irish Free State in 1922, the Republic of Ireland became a fully independent nation state following the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931. It effectively became a republic with the passage of a new constitution in 1937, and formally became a republic with the passage of the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949. Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom as a constituent country.
143 Sahara Street
143 Sahara Street (original title: 143 rue du désert) is a 2019 Algerian-French documentary film directed by Hassen Ferhani. It tells the story of a woman named Malika, who runs a small roadside restaurant in the Algerian Sahara Desert.

The film received critical acclaim upon its release, with many praising Ferhani's intimate and observational approach to storytelling. It premiered at the Locarno Film Festival and was selected to screen at several other international film festivals, including the Toronto International Film Festival.

Locarno Film Festival
The Locarno International Film Festival is a major international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland. Founded in 1946, the festival screens films in various competitive and non-competitive sections, including feature-length narrative, documentary, short, avant-garde, and retrospective programs. The Piazza Grande section is held in an open-air venue that seats 8,000 spectators.

The top prize of the festival is the Golden Leopard, awarded to the best film in the International Competition. Other awards include the Leopard of Honour for career achievement, and the Prix du Public, the public choice award.
Legislative districts of Maguindanao del Norte
The legislative district of Maguindanao del Norte were the representations of the province of Maguindanao del Norte and the independent component city of Cotabato in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province and the city were represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through their lone congressional district.

Maguindanao
Maguindanao (locally [maˈɡindɐnaʊ, -ginˈdanaʊ]; Maguindanaon: Dairat nu Magindanaw; Iranun: Perobinsia a Magindanao; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Maguindanao) was a province of the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). From 2014 to 2023, its provincial capital was Buluan, but the legislative branch of government, the Maguindanao Provincial Board, convened at the old provincial capitol in Sultan Kudarat. It bordered Lanao del Sur to the north, Cotabato to the east, Sultan Kudarat to the south, and Illana Bay to the west.

It is now used collectively to refer to the provinces of Maguindanao del Sur and Maguindanao del Norte, with which it was replaced with since January 9, 2023 after a division of the province was approved in a plebiscite on September 18, 2022 .
1974 Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament
The 1974 Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, from April 25 through 28. NC State won the tournament and earned the Atlantic Coast Conference's automatic bid to the 1974 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

1974 NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The 1974 NCAA Division I baseball tournament was played at the end of the 1974 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball.  The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its twenty-eighth year.  Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative.  These events would later become known as regionals.  Each district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 28 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament.  The twenty-eighth tournament's champion was Southern California, coached by Rod Dedeaux.  The Most Outstanding Player was George Milke of Southern California.
2004 Quebec provincial by-elections
The Quebec by-elections of September 20, 2004 were held in the Quebec provincial electoral districts of Gouin, Laurier-Dorion, Nelligan and Vanier in Canada. They resulted in the election of two PQ, one Liberal and one ADQ Member to the National Assembly of Quebec.

Liberal Yolande James won an easy victory on the Montreal-based Nelligan district, while PQ candidate Nicolas Girard handily succeeded Andre Boisclair in Gouin.

Elsie Lefebvre of the Parti Québécois won a narrow victory in Laurier-Dorion, a traditionally Liberal district.

Benefiting from anger over the CRTC's decision to revoke CHOI-FM's broadcasting license, Sylvain Légaré was elected in Vanier, under the ADQ label.

Yolande James
Yolande James (born November 21, 1977, in Montreal, Quebec) is a former Quebec provincial politician. She was the first black female MNA, the youngest, and the first black cabinet minister in Quebec history. A member of the Quebec Liberal Party, she represented the multicultural riding of Nelligan in the Island of Montreal from 2004 to 2014.