hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antani Ivanov
Antani Ivanov (Bulgarian: Антъни Иванов, born 17 July 1999) is a Bulgarian swimmer. He competed in the men's 50 metre butterfly, men's 100 metre butterfly and men's 200 metre butterfly events at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. He finished 38th in the 50 metre butterfly, 41st in the 100 metre butterfly and 8th in the 200 metre butterfly, setting a national record of 1:55.55 in the heats. His final in the 200 metre was the first for a Bulgarian swimmer since Mihail Alexandrov's 6th place at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships men's 100 metre breaststroke.

He has qualified to represent Bulgaria at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's 200 metre butterfly event.

Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 25 March (heats and semifinals) and on the evening of 26 March (final)  at Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. 123 swimmers were entered in the event, of which 117 swam.

Existing records at the start of the event were:

World record (WR): 59.13, Brendan Hansen (USA), 1 August 2006 in Irvine, USA.

Championship record (CR): 59.37, Brendan Hansen (USA), Montreal 2005 (25 July 2005)
1751 Concepción earthquake
The 1751 Concepción earthquake was one of the strongest and most destructive recorded quakes in Chilean history. It struck the Central Valley of the country, destroying the cities of Concepción, Chillán, Cauquenes, Curicó and Talca, probably on May 24, 1751, although there is currently a debate among scholars as to the exact date of the earthquake (see also "Other dates").

Curicó
Curicó (Spanish pronunciation: [kuri'ko]) is a city located in Chile's central valley and serves as the capital of the Curicó Province, which is part of the Maule Region. Positioned between the provinces of Colchagua and Talca, the region stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the border with Argentina.

The city is known for its distinctive products such as cakes, fruits, cement, sugar, tomato sauce, and high-quality export wines. It serves as a major service hub in the central region and is considered Chile's agro-industrial capital due to its consistent economic growth.
St Matthew's Church, Preston
St Matthew's Church, is in New Hall Lane, Preston, Lancashire, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Preston, the archdeaconry of Lancaster, and the diocese of Blackburn.  The church was built in 1881–83 to a design by James Hibbert.  In 1932–33 Henry Paley of the Lancaster practice of Austin and Paley added a chapel and vestries and completed the chancel at a cost of £2,637 (equivalent to £240,000 in 2023).  The plan of the church consists of a nave, north and south aisles, a chancel with a canted apse, and a porch treated as a transept.  Hartwell and Pevsner in the Buildings of England series comment that it is "an interesting building by the architect of the Harris Museum.

Cant (architecture)
A cant in architecture is an angled (oblique-angled) line or surface that cuts off a corner.
Something with a cant is canted.

Canted façades are a typical of, but not exclusive to, Baroque architecture. The angle breaking the façade is less than a right angle, thus enabling a canted façade to be viewed as, and remain, one composition. Bay windows frequently have canted sides.

A cant is sometimes synonymous with chamfer and bevel.
Rancho Valle de Pamo
Rancho Valle de Pamo (also called Rancho Santa María) was a 17,709-acre (71.67 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Diego County, California, given in 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to José Joaquín Ortega and Edward Stokes.  The grant occupied Santa Maria Valley and was centered on present-day Ramona.

Manuel Micheltorena
Joseph Manuel María Joaquin Micheltorena y Llano (8 June 1804 – 7 September 1853) was a brigadier general and adjutant-general of the Mexican Army, governor of California, commandant-general and inspector of the department of Las Californias, then within Mexico. Micheltorena was the last non-Californian born Mexican governor, preceding the San Gabriel–born Pío Pico, the last provincial governor.
Amsterdam Avenue (Mexico City)
Avenida Ámsterdam (Amsterdam Avenue) is located in Colonia Hipódromo (Racetrack Colony) in the area known as "la Condesa" (the countess) in Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City. The avenue is elliptical and edges Parque Mexico, including a central pedestrian area and roundabouts named for the main peaks of Mexico: Popocatepetl, Iztaccihuatl and Citlaltépetl.

The avenue features Art Deco buildings and modest homes. The name is from a horse track that belonged to the Countess of Miravalle and it roughly resembles the track's shape. The street is adorned with Art Deco benches and several notable buildings including by architect Francisco J. Serrano (285 Amsterdam) and residents such as:

Pascual Ortiz Rubio, former president of Mexico

Paulina Lavista, photographer

Salvador Elizondo, writer

Parque México
The Parque México (English: lit. "Mexico Park"), officially Parque San Martín, is a large urban park located in Colonia Hipódromo in the Condesa area of Mexico City. It is recognized by its Art Deco architecture and decor as well as being one of the larger green areas in the city. In 1927, when the surrounding neighborhood of Colonia Hipódromo was being built, the park was developed on the former site of the horse race track of the Jockey Club de México. Today, Parque México is not only the center of Colonia Hipódromo, it is also the cultural center of the entire La Condesa section of the city.
Belford Regis
Belford Regis is an 1835 novel by the British writer Mary Russell Mitford, published in three volumes. 
Mitford, known for her portrayals of country life in the Our Village works, switched her focus from a village to a more substantial town. She based it on Reading in Berkshire close to the village of Three Mile Cross where she lived with her father.

Three Mile Cross
Three Mile Cross is a village in the Borough of Wokingham, Berkshire, England, around 3 miles (4.8 km) to the south of Reading town centre. Along with the adjoining village of Spencers Wood to the south, it forms a part of the civil parish of Shinfield. The Village also is home to the Mereoak Park & Ride & Mereoak Park.

In the 1960s, the M4 Motorway was built and became an artificial barrier between the village and Reading.  In the 1980s, the A33 Swallowfield Bypass severed roads to the Estate of Mereoak park lying in the Reading direction.
Rupna Chakma
Rupna Chakma (Chakma: 𑄢𑄪𑄛𑄴𑄚 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦; Bengali: রুপনা চাকমা) is a Bangladeshi professional football player who plays for the Bangladesh women's national football team and Rajshahi Stars.

She was part of the Bangladesh team that won the 2022 and 2024 SAFF Women's Championship and was named "The best goalkeeper" in both of those tournaments.

She has also played for the Bangladesh women's national futsal team.

Bangladesh women's national football team
The Bangladesh women's national football team is the women's national association football team of Bangladesh controlled by the Bangladesh Football Federation under the supervision of the women's football committee. It is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and has yet to qualify for the World Cup.

Bangladesh are the defending champion at the SAFF Women's Championship, after clinching their maiden title in 2022. They also went on to win the championship again in 2024 after defeating Nepal in the finals. They also secured a bronze medal in the South Asian Federation Games 2010 and a silver medal at the SAFF Women's Championship 2016.
Artem Lysohor
Artem Volodymyrovych Lysohor (Ukrainian: Артем Володимирович Лисогор; born on 26 April 1983), is a Ukrainian public and political activist. He worked as an investigator of the District Department of the Dnipropetrovsk City Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; an inspector of the Professional Training Department of the Personnel Support Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; a senior inspector in the public order protection unit of the Main Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and led the department for arranging mass events of the same unit.  Since 2015, he has been a deputy company commander in the Dnipro-1 Regiment and served as the deputy head of the National Police Department in the Zhytomyr Oblast.  On 12 April 2023, according to the Decree of the President of Ukraine, Lysohor was appointed the head of the Luhansk Regional State Administration. He was dismissed on 15 April 2025.

Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast (Ukrainian: Житомирська область, romanized: Zhytomyrska oblast), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (Ukrainian: Житомирщина), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 1,179,032 (2022 estimate).
Abram Grossman
Abram Solomonovych Grossman (1879–1908) was a Ukrainian Jewish anarchist revolutionary. Initially a social democrat, he went into exile for his political activities and became radicalised towards revolutionary socialism. After a short stint in the SR Combat Organization, he was imprisoned and again fled into exile, where he moved towards anarchist communism. In the pages of Burevestnik, he took a fiercely critical line against syndicalism and rationalism, instead advocating terrorism and empiricism respectively. Following the Russian Revolution of 1905, he returned to Ukraine a final time in order to establish an anarchist communist "battle detachment", but he was shot by police before he could carry out his plans.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Nikolay Nenovsky
Nikolay Nenovsky  (born 26 July 1963) is a Bulgarian economist, working in the fields of monetary theory and policy, monetary history and history of economic thought. He is Professor of economics at the University of Picardie Jules Verne, LEFMI, Amiens, France from 2012. Nikolay Nenovsky is currently associate researcher at  SU HSE, department of theoretical economics and also associate professor at RUDN University. Since June 2020 he is a Member of the Governing Council of the Bulgarian Central Bank.

History of economic thought
The history of economic thought is the study of the philosophies of the different thinkers and theories in the subjects that later became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day.

This field encompasses many disparate schools of economic thought. Ancient Greek writers such as the philosopher Aristotle examined ideas about the art of wealth acquisition, and questioned whether property is best left in private or public hands. In the Middle Ages, Thomas Aquinas argued that it was a moral obligation of businesses to sell goods at a just price.

In the Western world, economics was not a separate discipline, but part of philosophy until the 18th–19th century Industrial Revolution and the 19th century Great Divergence, which accelerated economic growth.
We Are Here to Make Some Noise
"We Are Here to Make Some Noise" is an instrumental single by Dutch DJ and record producer Armin van Buuren. The track was released in the Netherlands by Armada Music as a digital download on 9 May 2012.

The Scumfrog
The Scumfrog (Jesse Houk) (born October 3, 1971) is a Dutch-American DJ/remixer/producer/artist, mostly known for his underground flavored remixes of artists like Kylie Minogue, Missy Elliott, New Order, and Annie Lennox and his collaborations writing and producing techno-oriented works with David Bowie, Cyndi Lauper, and Sting. He released four albums as a solo artist (Extended Engagement 2003, Simmer 2004, A Place Where We Belong 2011 and In Case We're All Still Here 2013). As a DJ, he has toured the world many times over, between 2008 and 2014 he hosted and produced the weekly radio show/podcast Glam Scum International, and in 2015 he launched a new series of club nights named M.B.T.S.(Most Below The Surface).
Nashaq
Nashaq (Minaean: 𐩬𐩦𐩤 romanized: Nšq; modern day Kharbat Al-Bayda', Arabic: خربة البيضاء) is the name of an ancient South Arabian city in the northern al-Jawf region of present-day Yemen, in the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Ma'in.

Ma'in
Ma'in (Minaean: 𐩣𐩲𐩬; Arabic: معين, romanized: Maʿīn) was an ancient South Arabian kingdom in modern-day Yemen. It was located along the strip of desert called Ṣayhad by medieval Arab geographers, which is now known as Ramlat al-Sab'atayn. Wadd was the national god of Ma'in. The spoken language was Minaic. The kingdom appears in the historical record in the 8th century BCE, and transition from a city-state to kingdom in the last quarter of the 7th century BCE. The date of the end of Ma'in is heavily disputed, but the most popular hypothesis places its demise in the 1st century CE.

The Minaean people were one of four ancient Yemeni groups mentioned by Eratosthenes. The others were the Sabaeans, Ḥaḍramites and Qatabānians. Each of these had regional kingdoms in ancient Yemen, with the Minaeans in the north-west (in Wādī al-Jawf), the Sabaeans to the south-east of them, the Qatabānians to the south-east of the Sabaeans, and the Ḥaḑramites further east still.
Set-theoretic definition of natural numbers
In set theory, several ways have been proposed to construct the natural numbers. These include the representation via von Neumann ordinals, commonly employed in axiomatic set theory, and a system based on equinumerosity that was proposed by Gottlob Frege and by Bertrand Russell.

Edward N. Zalta
Edward Nouri Zalta (/ˈzɔːltə/; born March 16, 1952) is an American philosopher who is a senior research scholar at the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford University. He received his BA from Rice University in 1975 and his PhD from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1981, both in philosophy. Zalta has taught courses at Stanford University, Rice University, the University of Salzburg, and the University of Auckland. Zalta is also the Principal Editor of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Integrally closed
In mathematics, more specifically in abstract algebra, the concept of integrally closed has three meanings:

A commutative ring  contained in a commutative ring  is said to be integrally closed in  if  is equal to the integral closure of  in .

An integral domain  is said to be integrally closed if it is equal to its integral closure in its field of fractions.

An ordered group G is called integrally closed if for all elements a and b of G, if an ≤ b for all natural numbers n then a ≤ 1.

Integrally closed domain
In commutative algebra, an integrally closed domain A is an integral domain whose integral closure in its field of fractions is A itself. Spelled out, this means that if x is an element of the field of fractions of A that is a root of a monic polynomial with coefficients in A, then x is itself an element of A. Many well-studied domains are integrally closed, as shown by the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields

An explicit example is the ring of integers Z, a Euclidean domain. All regular local rings are integrally closed as well.

A ring whose localizations at all prime ideals are integrally closed domains is a normal ring.
J/FPS-5
The J/FPS-5, or also known as the Gamera Radar, is an airspace warning and control radar device operated by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It is a large fixed 3D radar for radar sites, and is a phased array radar that uses an active phased array antenna (AESA) and is also capable of detecting and tracking ballistic missiles. It was made by Mitsubishi Electric.

Bistatic radar
Bistatic radar is a radar system comprising a transmitter and receiver that are separated by a distance comparable to the expected target distance.  Conversely, a conventional radar in which the transmitter and receiver are co-located is called a monostatic radar. 
A system containing multiple spatially diverse monostatic or bistatic radar components with a shared area of coverage is called multistatic radar. 
Many long-range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile systems use semi-active radar homing, which is a form of bistatic radar.
Cricket Paint
Cricket Paint was a second generation 1-bit (black and white) painting software program for the Apple Macintosh by Cricket Software. It followed MacPaint and was a competitor to Silicon Beach Software's SuperPaint. Like SuperPaint it was an early attempt to combine the separate graphic methods of bitmap and  vector graphics.
Cricket Software already had a vector-only package called CricketDraw.
The way it achieved this dualism was with a feature called WetPaint. This allowed the user to draw vector graphics and modify them in an object-oriented way like in Apple's MacDraw, for example, changing the size, stroke and fill. When satisfied, the user could click outside the object and Cricket Paint would convert the vector graphic into a bitmap and place it on the canvas, in a destructive edit.
This package had some extra tools not found in MacPaint or MacDraw, such as the Spiral and Starburst, which drew radial lines.

It was also released for Microsoft Windows.

Silicon Beach Software
Silicon Beach Software, Inc. was an early American developer of software products for the Macintosh personal computer. It was founded in San Diego, California, in 1984 by Charlie Jackson and his wife Hallie. Jackson later co-founded FutureWave Software with Jonathan Gay. FutureWave produced the first version of what is now Adobe Flash. Although Silicon Beach Software began as a publisher of game software, it also published what was called "productivity software" at the time.
Rod Filbrandt
Rod Filbrandt is a Vancouver-based cartoonist, illustrator, and writer. He was one of the writers of the animated television series The Brothers Grunt.

He produced a comic strip called "Dry Shave" that was published weekly in Vancouver's The Georgia Straight and in Toronto's Eye Weekly. He is the creator of two other strips, "Wombat" and "Tar Paper Town".

He has also produced illustrations that have appeared in such magazines as Vancouver Magazine, Entertainment Weekly, the Village Voice, and Men's Health.

As a production designer he has worked on such animated series as "Ed, Edd n Eddy," "The Mr. Hell Show," "Total Drama Action", and "Littlest Pet Shop."

Filbrandt has two books published by Anvil Press, "Dry Shave" and "Wombat."

Men's Health
Men's Health (MH), published by Hearst, is the world's largest men's magazine brand, with 35 editions in 59 countries; it is the bestselling men's magazine on American newsstands.

Started as a men's health magazine by Rodale, Inc. in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, the magazine currently covers various men's lifestyle topics such as fitness, nutrition, fashion and sexuality. The magazine's website, MensHealth.com, averages over 118 million page views a month.
Agassiz Recreational Trail
Agassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile (85 km), multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, United States, between the towns of Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the natural-surface trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The trail should not be confused with the Agassiz Interpretive Trail in Manitoba, Canada.

Polk County, Minnesota
Polk County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 31,192 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 30,413 in 2024. The county seat is Crookston and the largest city is East Grand Forks.

Polk County is part of the Grand Forks, ND-MN metropolitan statistical area.
No. 49 Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear and Explosive Wing
No. 49 Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear and Explosive Wing (Sinhala: රසායනික ජීව විකිරණ හා න්‍යෂ්ටික පුපුරණ ද්‍රව්‍ය පක්‍ෂාංගය, romanized: rasāyanika jīva vikiraṇa hā nyaṣṭika pupuraṇa dravya pakṣāṁgaya) was established in 2016 at the SLAF Bandaranayake. The unit's first Commanding Officer was Squadron Leader (now Wing Commander) Nilendra Perera, who continues to hold this office. The wing is equipped with modern equipment required to counter chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high yield explosive threats.

Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs), a term that contrasts with conventional weapons.

The use of chemical weapons in international armed conflicts is prohibited under international humanitarian law by the 1925 Geneva Protocol and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits signatories from acquiring, stockpiling, developing, and using chemical weapons in all circumstances except for very limited purposes (research, medical, pharmaceutical or protective).
Gelonus (bug)
Gelonus is a genus of leaf-footed bugs (Coreidae) in Tasmania, one of the few Coreidae that feeds on eucalypts. It is a member of the tribe Amorbini, but has only a single species, Gelonus tasmanicus (Le Guillou, 1841).

Although this Tasmanian leaf-footed bug was first described in 1841 by Élie Jean François Le Guillou as Syromastes tasmanicus, it wasn't until 1873 that Carl Stål placed it in his newly formed genus Gelonus, as Gelonus tasmanicus.  Stål created the genus  Gelonus in 1865 in volume two of his three volume Hemiptera Africana.  The following year he categorized the type species of the genus as Gelonus discolor, the bug described by William Dallas in 1852 as Amorbus discolor.  In 1873, Stål established the synonymity of the two species, with Gelonus discolor being the junior synonym, and le Guillon's Gelonus tasmanicus the senior.

William Dallas
William Sweetland Dallas FLS  (1824–1890) was a British zoologist who studied the insect collections at the British Museum, and served as an assistant secretary of the Geological Society of London and a Keeper of the museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, apart from being an editor of the Popular Science Review as well as the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. He translated several biology books from German into English.
Hans Simonsson
Hans Simonsson (born 1 May 1962) is a retired professional tennis player from Sweden. Primarily a doubles specialist, he won 11 ATP Tour titles in his career. He won the French Open doubles title in 1983 with his countryman Anders Järryd. He also played in the 1983 Davis Cup final for Sweden. He reached his career high doubles ranking of No. 10 in the world on 2 January 1984. Simonsson again reached the French Open doubles final in 1985, but he and Schlomo Glickstein were defeated by Mark Edmondson and Kim Warwick. The Swede finished his career prematurely at the age of 25.

He is a brother of fellow tennis player Stefan Simonsson.

Sweden Davis Cup team
The Sweden Davis Cup team represents Sweden in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Swedish Tennis Association, known in Swedish as Svenska Tennisförbundet .

Sweden is the fifth most successful nation in Davis Cup history, having won the title 7 times, including 6 titles since the creation of the World Group in 1981. Since the abolition of the Challenge Round, Sweden holds the record for most consecutive years in the final  with seven years from 1983 to 1989 and have defended the title on two occasions in 1984–85 and 1997–98, a feat only also accomplished by the United States Davis Cup team.