hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clandestine church
A clandestine church (Dutch: schuilkerk), defined by historian Benjamin J. Kaplan as a "semi-clandestine church", is a house of worship used by religious minorities whose communal worship is tolerated by those of the majority faith on condition that it is discreet and not conducted in public spaces. Schuilkerken are commonly built inside houses or other buildings, and do not show a public façade to the street.  They were an important advance in religious tolerance in the wake of the Reformation, an era when worship services conducted by minority faiths were often banned and sometimes penalized by exile or execution.

Religious tolerance
Religious tolerance or religious toleration may signify "no more than forbearance and the permission given by the adherents of a dominant religion for other religions to exist, even though the latter are looked on with disapproval as inferior, mistaken, or harmful". Historically, most incidents and writings pertaining to toleration involve the status of minority and dissenting viewpoints in relation to a dominant state religion.  However, religion is also sociological, and the practice of toleration has always had a political aspect as well.: xiii

An overview of the history of toleration and different cultures in which toleration has been practiced, and the ways in which such a paradoxical concept has developed into a guiding one, illuminates its contemporary use as political, social, religious, and ethnic, applying to LGBT individuals and other minorities, and other connected concepts such as human rights.
Hanshinkan Modernism
Hanshinkan Modernism (阪神間モダニズム) identifies the modernist arts, culture, and lifestyle that developed from the region of Japan centered primarily on the Hanshinkan conurbation between Osaka and Kobe, the ideally terrained area between the Rokkō Range and the sea (Kobe's Nada and Higashi Nada wards, Ashiya, Takarazuka, Nishinomiya, Itami, Amagasaki, Sanda, and Kawanishi) from the 1900s through the 1930s, or the circumstances of that period.

Accompanying the suburbanization of the Osaka Bay area, which continued to grow after 1923 in contrast to the Tokyo Bay area where the spread of urbanization was temporarily suspended due to the Great Kantō earthquake, the Hanshinkan Modernism cultural sphere spread to Ikeda, Minoh, and Toyonaka in Osaka Prefecture, and to Kobe's Suma and Tarumi wards.

Nada-ku, Kobe
Nada (灘区, Nada-ku; Japanese: [nadakɯ]) is one of nine wards of Kobe, Japan. It has an area of 31.4 km², and a population of 129,095 (2008). 
A leading national university, Kobe University, is located in this ward, as is the city's Oji Zoo.

The Tadao Ando-designed Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art is a short walk south of the Nada JR station.
Rokko High School is in Nada-ku.
Fuscopannaria obtegens
Fuscopannaria obtegens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Found in China, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected from Nyingchi-Dongjuk (southeastern Tibet) at an elevation of 4,430 m (14,530 ft); there, on a south-facing slope, it was found growing on the stems of Juniper. It is only known to occur in the type locality. The widely spread thallus of the lichen is made of dichotomously branched, brown squamules up to 2 mm (0.08 in) in diameter. The squamules are imbricating, meaning they overlap each other; according to the author, they give the impression of a tiled roof reminiscent of stave churches in Norway.

Squamulose lichen
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do.
 Squamulose lichens are composed of flattish units that are usually tightly clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose and foliose lichens.

Examples of squamulose lichens include Vahliella leucophaea, Cladonia subcervicornis and Lichenomphalia hudsoniana.
Hoogovens Wijk aan Zee Chess Tournament 1998
The Hoogovens Wijk aan Zee Steel Chess Tournament 1998 was the 60th edition of the Hoogovens Wijk aan Zee Chess Tournament. It was held in Wijk aan Zee in January 1998 and was won jointly won by Vladimir Kramnik and Viswanathan Anand.

Wijk aan Zee
Wijk aan Zee (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɛik aːn ˈzeː]; lit. 'Neighborhood at Sea') is a village on the coast of the North Sea in the municipality of Beverwijk, the province of North Holland of the Netherlands. The prestigious Tata Steel Chess Tournament (formerly called the Corus chess tournament or the Hoogovens tournament) takes place there every year.

Due to its seaside location, Wijk aan Zee has become a popular destination among tourists. This is reflected in the village economy, which consists of many bars and hotels.
Weisfeld
Weisfeld is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerald Weisfeld (1940–2020), British businessman, founder of What Every Woman Wants

Horatio Weisfeld, American writer, magazine editor, and publisher

Irwin Weisfeld (1932–1968), American writer and bookseller

Irwin Weisfeld
Irwin Weisfeld (1932–1968) was an American writer and bookseller who was jailed in 1963 under obscenity laws for selling the 18th century erotic novel Fanny Hill.  The case attracted national media attention and was one of the last in a series of  First Amendment battles which made an impact throughout American culture.: 2

Weisfeld went on to create a popular line of irreverent pin-on humor-buttons that became an infatuation with college students and an enduring emblem of 1960s American pop-culture.
2010 Nord LB Open – Doubles
Johan Brunström and Jean-Julien Rojer were the defending champions, but Rojer chose not to compete this year.Brunstrom partnered up with Mischa Zverev, but they lost in the first round against Pablo Santos and Ivan Sergeyev. Leonardo Tavares and Simone Vagnozzi won the final against Igor Kunitsyn and Yuri Schukin 7–5, 7–6(4).

Igor Kunitsyn
Igor Konstantinovich Kunitsyn (Russian: И́горь Константи́нович Куни́цын, IPA: [ˈiɡərʲ kʊˈnʲitsɨn]; born September 30, 1981) is a Russian former professional tennis player. He made it into the top 100 for the first time in 2006, and reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 35 in July 2009.
Alfredo Martinez (art patron)
Alfredo Martinez (born 1948) is a Cuban-American art collector, fine art photographer, curator, dealer, promoter, author, and former gallerist. He became a prominent figure in the Latin American fine art market internationally and particularly in South Florida after he began organizing art exhibitions in the mid-1980s. Martinez's professional and philanthropic art events and patronage activities were distinctive for referencing contemporary social issues, such as AIDS and underrepresented cultures in the arts. Martinez owned and operated two major art galleries and other art-related businesses based in Coral Gables, Florida. He has organized art exhibitions, lectures, and auctions throughout the United States and Latin America, including South Florida, New Hampshire, Argentina, Panama, and Costa Rica.

Servando Cabrera Moreno
Servando Cabrera Moreno (1923–1981) was a Cuban painter.  A supporter of the Cuban Revolution, he created many paintings that depict the Cuban peasantry. Stylistically, his paintings are rooted in the tradition of vanguardia, and are especially indebted to the work of Carlos Enríquez Gómez.

Servando Cabrera Moreno was born in Havana on May 28, 1923. He graduated from the San Alejandro Academy after completing studies at the Art Student's League in NY and La Grande Chaumière in Paris. His first individual exhibition took place at the Lyceum, Havana in 1943. He has also participated in many biennials in Venice, Mexico City and São Paulo as well as other collective exhibitions. Cabrera Moreno has received a number of prizes at Cuban salons: a gold medal at the Panamerican Tampa Exhibition and silver medal at the International Joan Miró Drawing Contest in Barcelona. His work can be found throughout the world in museums, galleries and private collections.
Andrée Lescot
Andrée Lescot was a singer, showgirl, soprano and daughter of Haitian president Élie Lescot. Lescot was educated in Canada, where she studied for eight years at the École de musique Vincent-d'Indy. She was featured on local radio before moving to Paris where she attended the Versailles conservatory. Afterwards she landed a role in a musical by Albert Willemetz. She published several records of Haitian and Louisiana folk songs, accompanied by French music professor Roger Bourdin and his orchestra. Depicted in a costume holding bow and arrow, she received attention in the African-American press in 1954 for starring in a revue in Lausanne, Switzerland.  In 1952, she appeared on a Canadian TV program entitled "Chansons Créoles avec Andrée Lescot" where she sang three Haitian folkloric songs. In 1955 the album Chansons Créoles Chansons Folkloriques D'Haïti was released on the London International label. In the same year she married French actor Roger Murciano.

Élie Lescot
Antoine Louis Léocardie Élie Lescot (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan lwi leɔkaʁdi eli lɛsko]; December 9, 1883 – October 20, 1974) was the President of Haiti from May 15, 1941 to January 11, 1946. He was a member of the country's mixed-race elite. He used the political climate of World War II to sustain his power and ties to the United States of America, Haiti's powerful northern neighbor. His administration presided over a period of economic downturn and harsh political repression of dissidents. He was the last Haitian head of state to have been born in the 19th century.
Crummey Nunatak
Crummey Nunatak (76°48′S 143°36′W﻿ / ﻿76.800°S 143.600°W﻿ / -76.800; -143.600) is a linear rock nunatak, 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) long, at the northeast end of the Gutenko Nunataks in the Ford Ranges of Marie Byrd Land. It was first mapped by the United States Antarctic Service, 1939–41, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Glen T. Crummey, U.S. Navy, a Construction Electrician at Byrd Station, 1967.

Byrd Station
The Byrd Station is a former research station established by the United States during the International Geophysical Year (1957) by U.S. Navy Seabees during Operation Deep Freeze II in West Antarctica. It was a year-round base until 1972, and then seasonal up to 2005. The station is located on the West Antarctic ice cap. It was accessible by overland ice traverse or by ski-equipped C-130 aircraft.
Hutsuls
The Hutsuls (Hutsul/Ukrainian: гуцули, romanized: hutsuly; Polish: Huculi, Hucułowie; Romanian: huțuli) are an East Slavic ethnic group spanning parts of western Ukraine and northern Romania (i.e. parts of Bukovina and Maramureș).

In Ukraine, they have often been officially and administratively designated a subgroup of Ukrainians, and, among Ukrainian scholars, are largely regarded as constituting part of the broader Ukrainian ethnicity. However, in the eyes of some scholars and of some Hutsuls, they are either their own nation, or a part of the Rusyn nation, alongside the closely related ethnic groups of Boykos and Lemkos.

Lukian Kobylytsia
Lukian Kobylytsia (also Lucian Kobylicza; Ukrainian: Лук'ян Кобилиця; Romanian: Luchian Cobiliță) (1812 – 1851) was a Ukrainian activist, political leader and farmer from Bukovina. He was the leader of the popular uprisings in Bukovina from 1843 to 1844 and from 1848 to 1849, and a member of the Austrian Reichstag.
Haven season 2
The second season of the American television series Haven premiered on July 15, 2011, on Syfy. The season consisted of 13 episodes including a Christmas episode. The show stars Emily Rose, Lucas Bryant and Eric Balfour.

Haven (TV series)
Haven is a  supernatural drama television series developed by Jim Dunn and Sam Ernst, loosely based on the Stephen King novel The Colorado Kid (2005). The series, which deals with strange events in a fictional town in Maine named Haven, was filmed on the South Shore of Nova Scotia, and is an American-Canadian co-production. It stars Emily Rose, Lucas Bryant, Nicholas Campbell and Eric Balfour, whose characters struggle to help townspeople with supernatural afflictions and protect the town from the effects of those afflictions.

The series premiered on July 9, 2010, on Syfy, and concluded on December 17, 2015. In August 2015, Syfy canceled the series after five seasons.
Leon (given name)
Leon (Ancient Greek: λέων, romanized: léon; leōn) is a first name of Greek origin, meaning "lion". It gave rise to similar names in other languages, including the Latin Leo, French Lyon or Léon, Irish Leon, Spanish León, Armenian Levon / Լևոն or Georgian Levan / ლევან.

In Greek mythology, Leon was a giant killed by Heracles. One of the oldest attested historical figures to bear this name was Leon of Sparta, a 6th-century BCE king of Sparta. During the Christian era, the name Leon was merged with the Latin cognate Leo, with the result that the two forms are used interchangeably.

A similar Greek name, Leonidas, means "son of a lion". Leonidas I, king of Sparta, was a famous bearer of that name.

The Ancient Greek word λέων ultimately comes from Proto-Semitic *labiʾ-, which is not Indo-European.

Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Semitic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Semitic languages. There is no consensus regarding the location of the linguistic homeland for Proto-Semitic: scholars hypothesize that it may have originated in the Levant, the Sahara, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, or northern Africa.

The Semitic language family is considered part of the broader macro-family of Afroasiatic languages.
Demographic threat
The concept of demographic threat (or demographic bomb) is a term used in political conversation or demography to refer to population increases from within a minority ethnic or religious group in a given country that is perceived as threatening to the ethnic, racial or religious majority, stability of the country or to the identity of said countries in which it is present. The term is often used by the far-right as a racial dogwhistle.

Dog whistle (politics)
In politics, a dog whistle is the use of coded or suggestive language in political messaging to garner support from a particular group without provoking opposition. The concept is named after ultrasonic dog whistles, which are audible to dogs but not humans. Dog whistles use language that appears normal to the majority but communicates specific things to intended audiences. They are generally used to convey messages on issues likely to provoke controversy without attracting negative attention.
Sarai Khola
Sarai Khola is an archaeological site located near Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan where the Indus Valley Civilization remains have been found. 
Sarai Khola in the Taxila valley excavated by F. A. Khan and M. A. Halim during 1968–1971.

F. A. Khan
Fazal Ahmad Khan (1 October 1910 – 2009) was a renowned Pakistani archaeologist who served as a Director General of the Department of Archaeology & Museums (DOAM) from 1958 to 1970. He was a student of esteemed archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler.
8'-apo-beta-carotenoid 14',13'-cleaving dioxygenase
8'-apo-beta-carotenoid 14',13'-cleaving dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.67) is an enzyme with systematic name 8'-apo-beta-carotenol:O2 oxidoreductase (14',13'-cleaving). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O2  14'-apo-beta-carotenal + an uncharacterized product

8'-apo-beta-carotenoid 14',13'-cleaving dioxygenase is a thiol-dependent enzyme isolated from rat and rabbit.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
Turbary
Turbary is the ancient right to cut turf, or peat, for fuel on a particular area of bog. The word may also be used to describe the associated piece of bog or peatland and, by extension, the material extracted from the turbary.  Turbary rights, which are more fully expressed legally as common of turbary, are often associated with commonage, or, in some cases, rights over another person's land.

Turbary was not always an unpaid right (easement), but, at least in Ireland, regulations governed the price that could be charged.

Turf was widely used as fuel for cooking and domestic heating but also for commercial purposes such as evaporating brine to produce salt. The right to take peat was particularly important in areas where firewood was scarce. The right to collect firewood was protected by estovers.

In the New Forest of southern England, a particular right of turbary belongs not to an individual person, dwelling or plot of land, but to a particular hearth and chimney.

Easement
An easement is a nonpossessory right to use or enter onto the real property of another without possessing it. It is "best typified in the right of way which one landowner, A, may enjoy over the land of another, B". An easement is a property right and type of incorporeal property in itself at common law in most jurisdictions.

An easement is similar to real covenants and equitable servitudes. In the United States, the Restatement (Third) of Property takes steps to merge these concepts as servitudes.

Easements are helpful for providing a 'limited right to use another person's land for a stated purpose. For example, an easement may allow someone to use a road on their neighbor’s land to get to their own.'  Another example is someone's right to fish in a privately owned pond, or to have access to a public beach.

The rights of an easement holder vary substantially among jurisdictions.
The Irregulars
The Irregulars is a British mystery adventure crime drama television series created by Tom Bidwell for Netflix. Loosely based on the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, it features the Baker Street Irregulars working for Dr. Watson saving London from supernatural elements.

Developed by Drama Republic, the eight-episode series premiered on 26 March 2021. In May 2021, the programme was canceled after one series.

Canon of Sherlock Holmes
Traditionally, the canon of Sherlock Holmes consists of the 56 short stories and four novels written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In this context, the term "canon" is an attempt to distinguish between Doyle's original works and subsequent works by other authors using the same characters.

Usually capitalised by fans of the Sherlockian game as "the Canon", the description of these 60 adventures as the Sherlock Holmes canon and the game of applying the methods of "Higher Criticism" to it was started by Ronald Knox as a playful use of the traditional definition of "canon" as an authoritative list of books accepted as holy scripture.
Rokeby School
Rokeby School is an 11–16 secondary school for boys located in Canning Town, Greater London, England.

In 2010 the school relocated to new building on the Barking Road. Facilities at the school include technology and ICT rooms, a six court indoor sports hall, outdoor cricket/badminton area, creative arts areas, a performance theatre, an all-weather multi-use games pitch and a fitness trail.

Previously a foundation school administered by Newham London Borough Council, in December 2021 Rokeby School converted to academy status. It is now sponsored by the Newham Community Schools Trust.

Rokeby School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

Newham London Borough Council
Newham London Borough Council /ˈnjuːəm/ ⓘ also known as Newham Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Newham in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It has been led by a directly elected mayor since 2002. The council meets at both Newham Town Hall in East Ham and at the Old Town Hall, Stratford, and has its main offices at 1000 Dockside Road, overlooking the Royal Albert Dock.
Hob Holes
54°31′41″N 0°44′32″W﻿ / ﻿54.52801°N 0.7421°W﻿ / 54.52801; -0.7421
The Hob Holes are caves in the cliffs of Runswick Bay, Scarborough, England which resulted from mining for jet – fossilised wood which is valuable as a gemstone.

A hobgoblin, a bogle, or a hob was rumored to live there. Local mothers would visit the site with their children during low tide, seeking a remedy for whooping cough by calling on the spirit with the words:

Hob Hole hob, my child has the kin cough,

Take it off, Take it off!

One account mentions that, apart from aiding with childhood illnesses, the hob would roam the moors behind the bay with a lantern, luring travelers into the rocky pits. On stormy nights, he would offer shelter in his hole, only to abandon them to the rising tide.

Hob (folklore)
A hob is a type of small mythological household spirit found in the English Midlands, Northern England, and on the Anglo-Scottish border, according to traditional folklore of those regions. They could live inside the house or outdoors. They are said to work in farmyards and thus could be helpful; however if offended they could become nuisances. The usual way to dispose of hobs was to give them a set of new clothing, the receiving of which would make the creatures leave forever. It could, however, be impossible to get rid of the worst hobs.
Tuggeranong Vikings
The Tuggeranong Vikings are a rugby union club based in Tuggeranong, Australian Capital Territory. It is supported by 4 licensed clubs based in Wanniassa, Greenway, Conder, Chisholm. The club has been successful in local and national competitions.

The Tuggeranong Vikings were the premiers of the ACTRU Premier Division competition in the 2009 season, defeating the Queanbeyan Whites.

Tuggeranong
Tuggeranong (/ˈtʌɡərənɒŋ/) is a district in the Australian Capital Territory in Australia. The district is subdivided into divisions (suburbs), sections and blocks and is the southernmost  district of the Australian Capital Territory. The district comprises nineteen suburbs and occupies 117 square kilometres (45 sq mi) to the east of the Murrumbidgee River.

The name Tuggeranong is derived from a Ngunnawal expression meaning "cold place". From the earliest colonial times, the plain extending south into the centre of the present-day territory was referred to as Tuggeranong.

At the 2021 census, the population of the district was 89,461.
Simple triage and rapid treatment
Simple triage and rapid treatment (START) is a triage method used by first responders to quickly classify victims during a mass casualty incident (MCI) based on the severity of their injury. The method was developed in 1983 by the staff members of Hoag Hospital and Newport Beach Fire Department located in California, and is currently widely used in the United States.

Newport Beach, California
Newport Beach is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, Newport Beach had a population of 85,239. Located about 40 miles (64 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles, Newport Beach is known for its sandy beaches. The city's harbor once supported maritime industries; today, it is used mostly for recreation. Balboa Island draws visitors with a waterfront path and easy access from the ferry to the shops and restaurants.