hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ingeborg Markgraf-Dannenberg
Ingeborg Markgraf-Dannenberg (18 March 1911 – 22 March 1996) was a Swiss naturalist, botanist, taxonomist, and teacher noted for her work at the Institute for Systematic Botany at the University of Zurich, in particular her work classifying the genus Festuca.  She described over 120 species, and the grass Festuca markgrafiae was named in her honor. The standard author abbreviation Markgr.-Dann.  is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

She was born in Berlin, and was married to the botanist Friedrich Markgraf. She died in Zürich, aged 85.

Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy—the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living organisms.

Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two. In practice, "plant systematics" involves relationships between plants and their evolution, especially at the higher levels, whereas "plant taxonomy" deals with the actual handling of plant specimens. The precise relationship between taxonomy and systematics, however, has changed along with the goals and methods employed.

Plant taxonomy is well known for being turbulent, and traditionally not having any close agreement on circumscription and placement of taxa. See the list of systems of plant taxonomy.
Ernst Ahl
Christoph Gustav Ernst Ahl (1 September 1898 – 14 February 1945) was a German zoologist, born in Berlin.

He was the director of the department of ichthyology and herpetology in the Museum für Naturkunde.

He was also the editor in chief of the review Das Aquarium from 1927 to 1934.

During World War II, Ahl fought in the ranks of the Wehrmacht – in Poland, North Africa, and later, Yugoslavia. He was executed while in refuge in Yugoslavia, after the partisans found out he was a German.

He performed one of the first studies on bearded dragons determining what genus they belong to.

Ahl is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of lizard: Anolis ahli and Emoia ahli. The latter is a synonym of Emoia battersbyi.

Pogona
Pogona is a genus of reptiles containing eight lizard species, which are often known by the common name bearded dragons or informally (especially in Australia) beardies. The name "bearded dragon" refers to the underside of the throat (or "beard") of the lizard, which can turn black and become inflated for a number of reasons, most often as a result of stress, if they feel threatened, or are trying to entice a mate. They are a semiarboreal species, spending significant amounts of time on branches, in bushes, and near human habitation. Pogona species bask on rocks and exposed branches in the mornings and afternoons and sleep at night, making them a diurnal species. Their diet consists primarily of vegetation and some insects. They are found throughout much of Australia and inhabit environments such as deserts and shrublands.
Poke (surname)
Poke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Poke (1906–1989), Australian politician

Greville Poke (1912–2000), British arts administrator

James Poke (born 1963), English musician

Michael Poke (born 1985), English footballer

Robert Poke (born 1987), English rugby player

Bob Poke
Albert George "Bob" Poke (16 February 1906 – 4 January 1989) was an Australian politician. Born in Somerset, Tasmania, he was educated at state schools before becoming an engine driver and timber worker. He was also Secretary of the Timberworkers' Union. In 1955, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Labor Senator for Tasmania. He held the seat until his retirement in 1974.

Poke died in 1989, aged 82.
Messier 77
Messier 77 (M77), also known as NGC 1068 or the Squid Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is about 47 million light-years (14 Mpc) away from Earth, and was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1780, who originally described it as a nebula.  Méchain then communicated his discovery to Charles Messier, who subsequently listed the object in his catalog. Both Messier and William Herschel described this galaxy as a star cluster. Today, however, the object is known to be a galaxy. It is one of the brightest Seyfert galaxies visible from Earth and has a D25 isophotal diameter of about 27.70 kiloparsecs (90,000 light-years).

Pierre Méchain
Pierre François André Méchain (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ fʁɑ̃swa ɑ̃dʁe meʃɛ̃]; 16 August 1744 – 20 September 1804) was a French astronomer and surveyor who, with Charles Messier, was a major contributor to the early study of deep-sky objects and comets.
Drosera peruensis
Drosera peruensis is a carnivorous plant of the genus Drosera, commonly known as the  Peruvian sundew. This Drosera species was first identified in Peru in 2002 by Tânia Regina dos Santos Silva and Mireya D. Correa following work to update the genus Drosera for the reference text, Flora Neotropica. (Drosera species generally can be found in most continents, but the vast majority grow in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Southwestern Australia, Africa, and South America).

Flora Neotropica
Flora Neotropica is a series of monographs published by the New York Botanical Garden Press, and is the official publication of the Organization for Flora Neotropica. It covers the taxonomic treatment of American plants and plant families in the region of the Tropic of Cancer to the Tropic of Capricorn. The journal is edited by Thomas A. Zanoni (New York Botanical Garden). The journal was established in 1967 and is published on an irregular basis.
Louis Strydom
Louis Isias Strydom (born 21 October 1980) is a South African rugby union player, currently playing with the Griffons.

He was born in Welkom and started playing for the local Griffons team. His career saw him play for several different unions, representing the Blue Bulls, Falcons, Golden Lions, Free State Cheetahs and Eastern Province Kings.  He also played some Super Rugby for the Lions and Cheetahs franchises.

He rejoined the Griffons in 2013. He was a key member of their 2014 Currie Cup First Division-winning side. He played in the final, kicking ten points to help the Griffons win the match 23–21 to win their first trophy for six years.

Valke (rugby union)
The Valke, sometimes known known as the Falconscode: eng promoted to code: en , are a South African rugby union team in Gauteng province that participates in the annual Currie Cup tournament.

Their home ground is Barnard Stadium in Kempton Park, to which they have returned in 2009.  The Falcons have operated from Bosman Stadium in Brakpan and Pam Brink Stadium in Springs.  They occasionally still host matches at Bosman Stadium.  The Falcons draw players from Ekurhuleni and other municipalities to the east and south of Johannesburg.
Lagman (surname)
Lagman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edcel Lagman (1942–2025), Filipino human rights lawyer and politician

Edcel Greco Lagman (born 1972), Filipino lawyer and politician, son of Edcel Sr.

Fabian Lagman (born 1962), Argentine footballer

Filemon Lagman (1953–2001), Filipino communist and trade unionist

Michael Odylon Lagman Romero (born 1972), Filipino businessman, politician, philanthropist, military reservist, and sportsman

Mikee Romero
Michael Odylon "Mikee" Lagman Romero (Tagalog: [ˈmaɪki roˈmɛɾo]; born March 21, 1973) is a Filipino businessman, politician, philanthropist, military reservist, and sportsman. He served as the Party-list Congressman for 1-Pacman from 2016 to 2025 holding roles as Senior Deputy Speaker.

As a businessman, Romero is currently the chairman and president of Globalport 900 and owns the NorthPort Batang Pier basketball team in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). As of December 2018, his declared net worth is ₱7.858 billion. He was the Philippines' richest Congressman and one of the country's 50 richest individuals.

Romero is also a world-ranked polo player, and a Southeast Asian Games medalist.
Nanocarrier
A nanocarrier is nanomaterial being used as a transport module for another substance, such as a drug. Commonly used nanocarriers include micelles, polymers, carbon-based materials, liposomes and other substances. Nanocarriers are currently being studied for their use in drug delivery and their unique characteristics demonstrate potential use in chemotherapy. This class of materials was first reported by a team of researchers of University of Évora, Alentejo in early 1960's, and grew exponentially in relevance since then.

Alentejo
Alentejo (/ˌælənˈteɪʒoʊ/ AL-ən-TAY-zhoh, UK also /-ʒuː/ -⁠zhoo, Portuguese: [ɐlẽˈtɛʒu] ⓘ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond the Tagus" (além do Tejo).

Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alentejo. It corresponds to the districts of Beja, Évora, Portalegre, and Alentejo Litoral. Its main cities are Évora, Beja, Sines, Serpa, Estremoz, Elvas, and Portalegre.

It has borders with Beira Baixa in the north, with Spain (Andalucia and Extremadura) in the east, Algarve in the south, and the Atlantic Ocean, Ribatejo, and Estremadura in the west.

Alentejo is a region known for its traditional polyphonic singing groups, similar to those found in Tuscany, Corsica, and elsewhere.
Gridcosm
Gridcosm is a collaborative art project of the online art collective SITO, in which artists from around the world contribute images to a compounding series of graphical squares. Each level of Gridcosm is made up of nine square images arranged into a 3-by-3 grid. The middle image is a one-third size version of the previous level. Artists add images around that center image until a new 3-by-3 grid is completed, then that level itself shrinks and becomes the "seed" for the next level. This process creates an ever-expanding tunnel of images, the newest level a direct result of the previous level which is a result of the previous level and so on.

As of March 2018, 365 artists have contributed more than 4,260 levels (over 34,081 individual images) to the project.

Artist collective
An artist collective or art group or artist group is an initiative that is the result of a group of artists working together, usually under their own management, towards shared aims. The aims of an artist collective can include almost anything that is relevant to the needs of the artist; this can range from purchasing bulk materials, sharing equipment, space or materials, to following shared ideologies, aesthetic and political views or even living and working together as an extended family. Sharing of ownership, risk, benefits, and status is implied, as opposed to other, more common business structures with an explicit hierarchy of ownership such as an association or a company.

Many artist collectives had and still have a major and significant influence on the various epochs of art history. In a broader sense, literary groups and group formations of musicians can also be referred to as artist collectives or groups.
Don Logan
Don Logan (born 1944) is an American media executive from Hartselle, Alabama who lives in Birmingham. A retired Time Warner media chairman, Logan owned the Birmingham Barons minor-league baseball team until 2023. In May 2011, he was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame.

In 2010, he led an ownership group to purchase the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society from ESPN. In late 2011, they relocated B.A.S.S. headquarters from Celebration, Florida, to Birmingham.

Alabama Sports Hall of Fame
The Alabama Sports Hall of Fame (ASHOF) is a state museum located in Birmingham, Alabama, dedicated to communicating the state’s athletic history. The museum displays over 5,000 objects related to athletes who were born in Alabama or earned fame through athletics that reflects positively upon the state, usually through excellence at an educational institution or sporting event in Alabama. The ASHOF was established by state legislative act on August 14, 1967.
Sachsenpfennig
The Sachsenpfennig ("Saxon pfennig"), sometimes called the Wendenpfennig or the Hochrandpfennig ("high rim pfennig"), was a well-known coin of the pfennig type minted in the eastern part of the Stem Duchy of Saxony during the 10th and 11th centuries. It had an upturned perimeter and, next to the Otto Adelheid Pfennig was the most common pfennig type of its time. Sachsenpfennigs are the oldest coins minted in Saxony. Its different names represent a lack of clarity within mediaeval numismatics about the coin.

Unit of account
In economics, unit of account is one of the functions of money. A unit of account is a standard numerical monetary unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions. Also known as a "measure" or "standard" of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a necessary prerequisite for the formulation of commercial agreements that involve debt.

Money acts as a standard measure and a common denomination of trade. It is thus a basis for quoting and bargaining of prices. It is necessary for developing accounting systems.
Convento de la Magdalena
Convento de la Magdalena was a convent, now a hotel, situated to the southwest of the town of Antequera, Province of Málaga, Spain. Its history was known through the translation of an 18th-century monk's manuscript. In 2009 it was converted into a luxury hotel, known as the Hotel Convento La Magdalena, with 21 rooms. Olive groves and mills in the vicinity reflect the occupation of people in the area.  A stream, Arroyo de la Magdalena, flows nearby.

Province of Málaga
The Province of Málaga (Spanish: Provincia de Málaga [ˈmalaɣa]) is located in Andalusia, Spain. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and by the provinces of Cádiz to the west, Seville to the northwest, Córdoba to the north, and Granada to the east.

The province is subject to extreme water stress in the wake of the proliferation of avocado plantations in the Axarquía region, with the arid local climate being unsuitable to the plant's large water demands.
Liushuquan
Liushuquan (simplified Chinese: 柳树𨟠镇; traditional Chinese: 柳樹𨟠鎮; pinyin: Liǔshùquān(quàn) Zhèn) is a town in Fengnan County, Tangshan, Hebei near the coast of the Bo Sea to the immediate northeast of the Port of Tianjin and the immediate northwest of the Port of Tangshan Caofeidian (曹妃甸港). Liushuquan Town is named after a village (which is now divided into three villages) founded in the northern part of the town in 1662. Liushuquan has a reputation as a "land of fish and rice where you can easily find a Holocentridae fish or a Tianjin Purple Crab".

Port of Tangshan
The Port of Tangshan (唐山港) is an artificial deep-water international seaport on the coast of Tangshan Municipality, Hebei, in Northern China. It is the 9th largest port in China and is composed of three separate port areas: Jingtang, Caofeidian and Fengnan (丰南), administered separately but considered to be the same port for statistical purposes. The Port of Tangshan is one of the fastest-growing ports in the world and is counted among the ten largest ports of China.
George Ștefănescu
George Ștefănescu-Râmnic (20 April 1914 – 29 October 2007) was a contemporary Romanian-German painter.

Radu Carneci wrote of him in 1984:

George Ștefănescu is a great colorist who dares bring together intense colours, as though recalling the fauvistes' age. He does it with a secret harmony descended from both the knowledge of the graphics' progress and from the inheritance creatively used, of painting on glass and other folk Romanian arts.

Thus, the painter has reached a synthesis of the artistic work, with the colour, though important as it is, left in the second plane, meant to support and illustrate the idea.

In this case, the colour plays the same part as with flowers – luring us so that we may better feel their essences, their fragrance.

Covasna
Covasna (Romanian pronunciation: [koˈvasna] ⓘ, Hungarian: Kovászna, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkovaːsnɒ] ⓘ, German: Kowasna) is a town in Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania, at an altitude of 550–600 m (1,800–1,970 ft). It is known for its natural mineral waters and mofettas.

The town administers one village, Chiuruș (Hungarian: Csomakőrös). The village has a population of 451 and has an absolute Székely Hungarian majority.

Before Orbaiszék merged with Sepsiszék and Kézdiszék to create Háromszék County, in 1876, Covasna was the capital village of Orbaiszék.
Robert Darling (cricketer)
Robert Stormonth Darling (6 June 1880 – 20 May 1956) was a Scottish first-class cricketer.

The son of Patrick Stormonth Darling, he was born at Kelso in June 1880. He was educated at Winchester College, before going up to Oriel College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against H. D. G. Leveson-Gower XI at Oxford in 1902. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1903, making ten appearances. In these ten matches, Darling scored 188 runs at an average of 11.75 and a high score of 54. With the ball, he took 3 wickets.

Darling served in the First World War with the Lothians and Border Horse, holding the temporary rank major in August 1916. He was later employed as the joint manager of the Kelso branch of the Bank of Scotland. He died suddenly at Kelso in May 1956. His son-in-law, Derrick Bailey, also played first-class cricket.

Kelso, Scottish Borders
Kelso (Scottish Gaelic: Cealsaidh) is a market town in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Roxburghshire, it lies where the rivers Tweed and Teviot have their confluence. The town has a population of 5,639 according to the 2011 census and based on the 2010 definition of the locality.

Kelso's main tourist attractions are the ruined Kelso Abbey and Floors Castle. The latter is a house designed by William Adam, which was completed in 1726. The Kelso Bridge was designed by John Rennie, who later built the Waterloo Bridge in London.

Kelso held the UK record for the lowest January temperature at −26.7 °C (−16.1 °F), from 1881 until 1982.
Hiroshima Detention House
Hiroshima Detention House (広島拘置所, Hiroshima Kōchisho) is a correctional facility in Naka-ku, Hiroshima. A part of the penal system of Japan, it is operated by the Ministry of Justice.

One of Japan's seven execution chambers is in this facility.

Naka-ku, Hiroshima
Naka-ku (中区, lit. "middle district") is the heart of Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.  Naka-ku is home to Hiroshima's central business district and Peace Memorial Park. Major attractions include the Hondori shopping arcade, a covered mall-like street of shops extending east from the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park to Hatchobori. Also in Naka-ku is Okonomi-mura - a building housing a number of restaurants that serve Hiroshima's famous food, okonomiyaki.
Lowinsky
Lowinsky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christophe Lowinsky (born 1992), Martiniquais footballer

Edward Lowinsky (1908–1985), American musicologist

Ruth Lowinsky (1893–1958), English society hostess and food writer

Thomas Esmond Lowinsky (1892–1947), English painter

Edward Lowinsky
Edward Elias Lowinsky (January 12, 1908 – October 11, 1985) was an American musicologist. Lowinsky was one of the most prominent and influential musicologists in post-World War II America. His 1946 work on the "secret chromatic art" of Renaissance motets was hotly debated in its time, spurring considerable research into the issues of musica ficta and performance practice of early music.
Henry Worrall (minister)
Henry Worrall (26 February 1862 – 26 May 1940) was an Australian Methodist minister, Orangeman and temperance advocate. Worrall was born in Hartshead, Lancashire, England and died in Canterbury, Melbourne, Victoria.

Canterbury, Victoria
Canterbury is an eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Melbourne Central Business District, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Canterbury recorded a population of 7,800 at the 2021 census.

Known for its leafy green boulevards and historic residences, Canterbury is one of Melbourne's most expensive and exclusive suburbs.
La Chiripada Winery
La Chiripada Winery is an American winery in Dixon, New Mexico, founded in 1981 by Michael and Patrick Johnson. It has regularly won awards for its wines at the Southwest Wine Competition and the New Mexico State Fair Wine Competition. It is the highest commercial winery in the United States, at an elevation of 6,100 feet (1,900 m). La Chiripada is a feature of the annual Dixon Studio Tour, which is held in late fall and is the oldest continuously running annual studio tour in Northern New Mexico.

La Chiripada has a tasting room in the Taos Downtown Historic District on Bent Street, the La Chiripada Wine Shop.

Northern New Mexico
Northern New Mexico in cultural terms usually refers to the area of heavy-Spanish settlement in the north-central part of New Mexico. However, New Mexico state government also uses the term to mean the northwest and north central, but to exclude both the northeastern high plains counties and Sandoval County. The five largest cities in northern New Mexico are: Santa Fe, Las Vegas, Española, Los Alamos, and Taos.
Swimming at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke
The men's 50 metre backstroke event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as part of the swimming programme took place on 26 and 27 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

The medals were presented by Antonio Gopal, President of the Seychelles Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association and the quaichs were presented by Mike Summers, Chairman of the Falkland Islands Overseas Games Association.

Quaich
A quaich /ˈkweɪx/, archaically quaigh or quoich,  is a special kind of shallow two-handled   drinking cup or bowl of a type traditional in Scotland. It derives from the Scottish Gaelic cuach (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [kʰuəx]), meaning a cup.
El Salvador Caucus
The Congressional El Salvador Caucus is a bi-partisan congressional caucus of the United States Congress that supports strengthening relations with the country of El Salvador. The caucus was founded by former Republican representative Matt Gaetz in July 2024 and is co-chaired by Republican congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna and Democratic congressman Vicente Gonzalez.

María Elvira Salazar
María Elvira Salazar (born November 1, 1961) is an American journalist, author, and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Florida's 27th congressional district since 2021. She is a Republican assistant whip. Before entering politics, Salazar worked for the Spanish-language network Telemundo for three decades after serving as a news anchor for Miami-based WSBS TV. 
She has also worked for CNN Español and Univision.

Salazar was the Republican nominee for Florida's 27th congressional district in 2018, losing to Donna Shalala. In 2020, she defeated Shalala in a rematch. Salazar was re-elected in 2022 and 2024.