hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elyès Jouini
Elyès Jouini (born in Tunis on January 5, 1965) is a French Tunisian economist and Distinguished Professor of Economics at the University of Paris Dauphine. His research is mainly in the area of financial economics, in particular transaction costs, heterogeneous beliefs, aggregation, long-term risk and the maturity structure of interest rates. After early research on general equilibrium theory, he got interested in modeling financial markets by including both economic and financial dimensions as well as dimensions pertaining to psychology or sociology. His research has been acknowledged by the Best Young French Economist Award in 2005 (together with Esther Duflo, 2008's Best Paper Award in Finance by Europlace Institute of Finance, and the 2009 Finance and Sustainability European Research Award, and was named Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 2010.

Transaction cost
In economics, a transaction cost is a cost incurred when making an economic trade when participating in a market.

The idea that transactions form the basis of economic thinking was introduced by the institutional economist John R. Commons in 1931. Oliver E. Williamson's Transaction Cost Economics article, published in 2008, popularized the concept of transaction costs. Douglass C. North argues that institutions, understood as the set of rules in a society, are key in the determination of transaction costs. In this sense, institutions that facilitate low transaction costs can boost economic growth.

Alongside production costs, transaction costs are one of the most significant factors in business operation and management.
USS Adelaide
USS Adelaide was a steamer chartered by the Union Navy during the beginning of the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a transport in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Guomao Building
The Guomao Building (Chinese: 国贸大厦, otherwise known as International Foreign Trade Centre) is an office tower and one of the earliest skyscrapers in Shenzhen, China. Its fast construction process was termed the "Shenzhen speed".

Located at the junction of Jiabin Road and Renmin South Road, Luohu District, the building stands 160 metres tall and consists of 50 floors. Construction started on 1 November 1982 and was completed 37 months later on December 29, 1985. This earned the city's rapid development the nickname "Shenzhen Speed". It was the tallest building in China upon completion.

The building stands on a slot of 20,000 square metres and a built-up floor area of 100,000 square metres. It consists mainly of office space (floors 5-43, except 24) but features a revolving restaurant at the 48th and 49th floor and a helipad atop the building. The first five floors are retail spaces.

Helipad
A helipad is the landing area of a heliport, in use by helicopters, powered lift, and vertical lift aircraft to land on surface.

While helicopters and powered lift aircraft are able to operate on a variety of relatively flat surfaces, a fabricated helipad provides a clearly marked hard surface away from obstacles where such aircraft can land safely.

Larger helipads, intended for use by helicopters and other vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, may be called vertiports. An example is Vertiport Chicago, which opened in 2015.
Kirsten Beyer
Kirsten Beyer is an American science fiction writer, known for her novels based on the Star Trek: Voyager television series. She was a staff writer for Star Trek: Discovery, and co-creator and executive producer of Star Trek: Picard.

She has also written for the Buffyverse.

Buffyverse
The Buffyverse or Slayerverse is a media franchise centered on the supernatural drama television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel, created by Joss Whedon. The term also refers to the shared fictional universe in which the TV series are set. Originally coined by fans of the series, it has since been used in the titles of published works, and adopted by Whedon.

The Buffyverse is a setting in which supernatural phenomena exist, and supernatural evil can be challenged by people willing to fight against such forces. The franchise includes novels, comics, video games, and other media. Much of the licensed Buffyverse merchandise and media, while released officially, is not considered to be canon within the universe.
Barrier skink
The Barrier skink (Oligosoma judgei) is a species of medium-sized skink, a lizard in the subfamily Eugongylinae of the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to New Zealand, where it lives in the alpine habitat of the Darran and Takitimu Mountains of Fiordland. It is one of only two species of New Zealand skinks that live exclusively in the alpine zone, the other being the "Sinbad skink", Oligosoma pikitanga, a closely related species of similar appearance which is found in the same part of the South Island. The Barrier skink was first collected in the 1960s but was overlooked until rediscovery by a pair of mountain climbers in 2005; the species was scientifically described in 2009.

Takitimu Mountains
The Takitimu Mountains are a mountain range in the Southland Region of New Zealand, that extend in a north–south direction southeast of Te Anau and Manapouri.  The mountain range is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long and contains several peaks of around 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) height, with the Brunel Peaks reaching 1,650 metres (5,410 ft).

In Māori mythology, the mountain range is special to Ngāi Tahu as it represents the upturned hull of the Tākitimu waka wrecked in Te Waewae Bay to the south of the Takitimu Mountains.
Hero (Europe song)
"Hero" is a 2004 single released by the Swedish heavy metal band Europe. It was released on September 20, 2004, as the second single from the band's album Start from the Dark. The song was written by vocalist Joey Tempest as a tribute to Phil Lynott, the frontman of the Irish hard rock band Thin Lizzy, and was inspired by a meeting between Tempest and Lynott.

The song's music video tells a story of aspiring young rock musicians, interspersed with clips of the band on tour. The video is a tribute to Phil Lynott.

Start from the Dark
Start from the Dark is the sixth studio album by the Swedish rock band Europe. It was released on 22 September 2004 by Sanctuary Records. It was the band's first release since reforming in 2003, the first original album of all-new material since 1991's Prisoners in Paradise, and the first album to feature the band's original guitarist John Norum since 1986's The Final Countdown.

Start from the Dark departs from the glam metal genre and featured a more modern sound compared to Europe's first two albums. "We wanted to be doing something at least that was a little bit relevant now; bit of a dry mix, detuned a bit," vocalist Joey Tempest said, "So we felt like we didn't want to do an '80s album per se, we just wanted to start like a fresh band really." Eventually, the album sold in excess of 600,000 copies worldwide.
Listed buildings in Chilton, Suffolk
Chilton is a village and civil parish in the Babergh District of Suffolk, England. It contains six listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these one is grade I, one is grade II* and four are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Babergh District
52°02′53″N 0°56′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.048°N 0.948°E﻿ / 52.048; 0.948

Babergh District (pronounced /ˈbeɪbə/, BAY-bə) is a local government district in Suffolk, England. In 2021 it had a population of 92,300. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just two towns, Sudbury and Hadleigh. The council was based in Hadleigh until 2017, when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Mid Suffolk District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. The district is named after the medieval Babergh Hundred, which covered part of the area.

The district includes parts of two designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Dedham Vale, known for its association with painter John Constable, and Suffolk Coast and Heaths.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk, Braintree, Colchester and Tendring.
Chaetoceros danicus
Chaetoceros danicus is a marine unicellular species of diatom in the family Chaetocerotaceae, first described by Cleve in 1889. Individual cells of C. danicus do not form long chains, unlike most other species of Chaetoceros. It forms siliceous oozes.

Astrid Cleve
Astrid Maria Cleve von Euler (22 January 1875 – 8 April 1968) was a Swedish botanist, geologist, chemist and researcher at Uppsala University. She was the first woman in Sweden to obtain a doctoral degree of science.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis (/haɪˈdrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek  hydro- 'water' and  lysis 'to unbind') is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution and elimination reactions in which water is the nucleophile.

Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification.

Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. Thus hydrolysis adds water to break down molecules, whereas condensation joins molecules through the removal of water.

Critical point (thermodynamics)
Subcritical ethane, liquid and gas phase coexist.

Critical point (32.17 °C, 48.72 bar), displaying critical opalescence.

Supercritical ethane, fluid.

In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas comes into a supercritical phase, and so cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. At the critical point, defined by a critical temperature Tc and a critical pressure pc, phase boundaries vanish. Other examples include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic field.
Haploceratidae
The Haploceratidae is the type family of the Haploceratoidea, a superfamily in the ammonitina; which according to Donovan et al. (1981) can be derived from the Taramelliceratinae, a subfamily of the Oppeliidae.

Haploceratids, (Haploceratidae) are typically small, smooth and somewhat featureless ammonites, as described by Arkell et al, without ribbing or ventral keels and moderately undifferentiated sutures; that range from the Late Kimmeridgian to the Hauterivian, crossing from the Jurassic into the Cretaceous.

Kimmeridgian
In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 154.8 ±0.8 Ma and 149.2 ±0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian and precedes the Tithonian.
Gabe Plotkin
Gabe Plotkin (born 1978) is an American businessman who is the founder and chief investment officer of the former Melvin Capital Management and Tallwoods Capital LLC. He is also a majority owner and co-chairman of the Charlotte Hornets of the NBA.

Chief investment officer
The chief investment officer (CIO) is a Board-level executive, responsible for investments within an organization.  
The CIO's purpose is to understand, manage, and monitor their organization's portfolio of assets, devise strategies for growth, act as the liaison with investors, and recognize and avoid serious risks, including those never before encountered,

the emphasis being a function of the specific industry.
Boards will often create an "Investment Committee" responsible for overall Investment policy, and independent oversight of the specific corporate governance concerns here.

Smaller firms may outsource the position to an "OCIO".
California Shenandoah Valley AVA
California Shenandoah Valley is an  American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within portions of Amador County and El Dorado County, California. The area was established on January 27, 1983, by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Treasury after approving the petition from the Amador County Wine Grape Growers Association proposing a viticultural area in Amador County, California, to be known as "Shenandoah Valley."   It lies within the vast multi-county Sierra Foothills viticultural area boundaries and borders the northwest boundary of Fiddletown viticultural area which received recognition later the same year. In the petition, the area consists of approximately 10,000 acres (16 sq mi) with about1,200 acres (486 ha) under vine. The petition requested ATF for the Shenandoah Valley viticultural area to be situated to the north and west of Fiddletown, and to the north and east of Plymouth.

American Viticultural Area
An American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a designated wine grape-growing region in the United States, providing an official appellation for the mutual benefit of wineries and consumers. Winemakers frequently want their consumers to know about the geographic pedigree of their wines, as wines from a particular area can possess distinctive characteristics. Consumers often seek out wines from specific AVAs, and certain wines of particular pedigrees can claim premium prices and loyal customers. If a wine is labeled with an AVA, at least 85% of the grapes that make up the wine must have been grown in the AVA, and the wine must be fully finished within the state where the AVA is located.
A Vampyre Story
A Vampyre Story is a 2008 point-and-click adventure game developed by Autumn Moon Entertainment for Windows and published by Crimson Cow. The game is set in Europe during the 1890s, and follows a young female opera singer turned vampire as she attempts to make the journey back home to Paris in search of fame and normality. The title's distinctive spelling of vampire with a y was derived from the seminal western vampire tale The Vampyre by John Polidori.

The Vampyre
"The Vampyre" is a short work of prose fiction written in 1819 by John William Polidori, taken from the story told by Lord Byron as part of a contest among Polidori, Mary Shelley, Lord Byron, and Percy Shelley. The same contest produced the novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus.

"The Vampyre" is often viewed as the progenitor of the romantic vampire genre of fantasy fiction. The work is described by Christopher Frayling as "the first story successfully to fuse the disparate elements of vampirism into a coherent literary genre."
James J. Thomson
James John Thomson (25 December 1851 – 23 July 1915) was a Scottish footballer who played in three international matches for Scotland. Thomson appeared in the first official international football match, a goalless draw with England, and also took part in the fixture in the two subsequent years. Like the majority of the earliest Scotland internationals, he played club football with Queen's Park, winning the inaugural edition of the Scottish Cup in 1874 as team captain, before relocating to London on business shortly afterwards.

1874 Scottish Cup final
The 1874 Scottish Cup final was the inaugural final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1873–74 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match took place at Hampden Park on 21 March 1874 and was contested by Queen's Park and Clydesdale.

Queen's Park won the match 2–0 with goals from Billy MacKinnon and Robert Leckie. Subscription fees from 15 of these clubs were used to pay for the Scottish Cup trophy which the teams would compete for. The trophy is the oldest in association football and is also the oldest national trophy in the world.
2009 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles
Rafael Nadal defeated Andy Murray in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2009 Indian Wells Masters. Nadal saved five match points en route to the title, in his fourth-round match against David Nalbandian.

Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Andy Roddick.

Santiago Giraldo
Santiago Giraldo Salazar (Latin American Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo xiˈɾaldo salaˈsaɾ], born 27 November 1987) is a Colombian former professional tennis player. He played on the ATP tour and represented Colombia in the Davis Cup competition. His best tournament result is reaching the final in the 2014 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell. He is the highest-ranked male tennis singles player in Colombia's history, with a career-high singles ranking of 28th in the world, and 77th in doubles.

Throughout his career he has beaten several ex-number-one players such as Lleyton Hewitt, Juan Carlos Ferrero, and Andy Murray as well as some top-ten players such as Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Kei Nishikori, Marin Čilić, Milos Raonic, Dominic Thiem, Gilles Simon, Jürgen Melzer, Rainer Schüttler, Tommy Robredo, Janko Tipsarević, and Nicolás Lapentti. He has beaten golden-generation players from Argentinian tennis such as Gastón Gaudio, Guillermo Cañas, Mariano Puerta, Juan Martín del Potro, and David Nalbandian.
Mallory Street, Hong Kong
Mallory Street (Chinese: 茂蘿街) is a street in the Wan Chai District of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong.  It connects Johnston Road in the north to Wan Chai Road in the south.  Mallory Street was originally owned by Lawrence Mallory in the 1900s and the street was named after him.

Around 1905, Hongkong Land (香港置地投資有限公司) acquired the rights to Mallory Street and Burrows Street and built 10 shophouses on the site in the mid-1910s.

In 2005, the Urban Renewal Authority invested HK$100 million to launch a pilot project to revitalise Mallory Street in Wan Chai. The project involved two rows of 10 Grade II historic pre-war buildings on Mallory Street and Burrows Street.

Wan Chai District
Wan Chai District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. Of the four on Hong Kong Island, it is north-central, and had 166,695 residents in 2021, an increase from 152,608 residents in 2011. The district has the second-highest educationally qualified residents with the highest-bracket incomes, the lowest population and the third-oldest quotient. It is a relatively affluent district, with one in five persons having liquid assets of more than HKD 1 million.
Isoteinon inornatus
Isoteinon inornatus, the modest sylph, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. In some works it is listed under  Astictopterus inornatus (Trimen, 1864). It is found in South Africa in Afromontane forests from the East Cape, east along the Drakensberg foothills to the KwaZulu-Natal midlands and the coastal forests and rivers.

The wingspan is 24–29 mm for males and 27–29 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to April (with a peak in January). There are multiple generations per year.

The larvae feed on Imperata cylindrica and Imperata arundinacea.

Afromontane
The Afromontane regions are subregions of the Afrotropical realm, one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms, covering the plant and animal species found in the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The Afromontane regions of Africa are discontinuous, separated from each other by lower-lying areas, and are sometimes referred to as the Afromontane archipelago, as their distribution is analogous to a series of sky islands.
Wirtz Dam
Wirtz Dam (formerly Granite Shoals Dam) was constructed from 1949 to 1951 to provide hydroelectric power and to form Lake Lyndon B. Johnson (formerly Lake Granite Shoals), one of the Texas Highland Lakes. Lake LBJ ‒ as it is more commonly referred to ‒ provides cooling water for the Lower Colorado River Authority's Thomas C. Ferguson Power Plant along Horseshoe Bay.

Wirtz Dam was originally named Granite Shoals Dam until 1951 when it was renamed in honor of Alvin J. Wirtz who had been instrumental in the formation of the LCRA.

Likewise, Lake LBJ was originally named Lake Granite Shoals until 1965 when it was renamed for another advocate of the LCRA, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Wirtz Dam and Lake LBJ are located due west of Lake Marble Falls and the city of Marble Falls, Texas.

Horseshoe Bay, Texas
Horseshoe Bay is a city in Llano and Burnet counties in the U.S. state of Texas.

Situated on Lake Lyndon B. Johnson and the south branch of the Colorado River, it is known in the region for its golf courses, hotel and resort, and water sports. Prior to its incorporation in September 2005, it was a census-designated place (CDP). The CDP population was 3,337 at the 2000 census. The 2010 census put the population at 3,418. The 2020 Decennial Census reported population was 4,257.
Sea Sprite Sailing Yachts
Sea Sprite sailing yachts is a family of US built sailing vessels. The series includes the following yachts, a 23',  28',  30',  and a 34'. They were all simply designated Sea Sprites. The twin sails in a following seas emblem is well known in the yachting world.

Sea Sprites are being sailed throughout the world, with the largest concentration in New England waters. Narragansett Bay and Buzzards Bay are prime waters for these classic yachts.

The Sea Sprite 23, designed by famous naval architect Carl Alberg was first produced in 1958.  The Sea Sprite 27, 30 and 34 were designed by Alfred E. (Bill) Luders Jr. The series share their full keel, sea friendly design.

Robert Gainer single-handedly sailed a Sea Sprite 23 from Rhode Island to England. This is detailed in the book by John Koster: Presumed Lost: The Saga of Robert Gainer.

The C. E. Ryder Company of Bristol, Rhode Island, United States produced the last hull in 1986. There were over 800 built during the run of the series.

Sea Sprite 23
The Sea Sprite 23 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Carl Alberg as a daysailer and cruiser and first built in 1958.

The design was built in two versions, the Daysailor and the Weekender.

It was also called the Alberg 23 in 1970 when produced by C. E. Ryder.
Lindsey A. Criswell
Lindsey A. Criswell is an American rheumatologist and physician-scientist. She is director of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Criswell was vice chancellor of research at University of California, San Francisco where she held the Jean S. Engleman Distinguished Professorship in Rheumatology.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) is one of the institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health, an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

NIH is the primary federal agency that conducts and supports basic, clinical and translational medical research. The institute investigates the prevention, diagnosis, causes, treatments and cures for both common and rare diseases.