hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weighting pattern
A weighting pattern for a linear dynamical system describes the relationship between an input  and output . Given the time-variant system described by

,

then the output can be written as

,

where  is the weighting pattern for the system. For such a system, the weighting pattern is  such that  is the state transition matrix.

The weighting pattern will determine a system, but if there exists a realization for this weighting pattern then there exist many that do so.

Linear dynamical system
Linear dynamical systems are dynamical systems whose evolution functions are linear.  While dynamical systems, in general, do not have closed-form solutions, linear dynamical systems can be solved exactly, and they have a rich set of mathematical properties.  Linear systems can also be used to understand the qualitative behavior of general dynamical systems, by calculating the equilibrium points of the system and approximating it as a linear system around each such point.
Adam Casey (soccer)
Adam Casey (born 1 May 1986) is an Australian footballer who used to play for Tuggeranong United in the National Premier Leagues. But now plays for Oak Flats Falcons and played for Sydney FC, New Zealand Knights, North Queensland Fury in the Hyundai a-league, and represented Australia with the u17 Joey's and u23 Olyroos.

Northern Fury FC
Northern Fury Football Club was an Australian professional soccer club based in Townsville, Queensland. The club was founded in 2008 and competed in the A-League under the name North Queensland Fury. On 1 March 2011, the club was removed from the league due to financial instability. On 3 October 2012, the club officially re-formed  after it was granted a licence to participate in the National Premier League Queensland. After rebranding themselves as "North Queensland United" in 2017, the club disbanded a second time at the end of the 2018 Football Queensland season. The club played their home fixtures at Townsville Sports Reserve.
Miller-Consolidated Pictures
Miller-Consolidated Pictures was a film production company.  Formed by John Miller in 1959, the company specialized in low-budget films.  The company also had many known names on its board, including exploitation film presenter Kroger Babb, who was in charge of marketing.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.
Joseph Chan Yuek-sut
Joseph Chan Yuek-sut, BBS (Chinese: 陳若瑟; born 29 March 1936) is the former chairman and member of the Southern District Council and member of the Urban Council of Hong Kong.

Born on 29 March 1936, Chan studied at the Grantham College of Education, Shue Yan College, Wah Kiu College, Chinese University of Hong Kong and Chu Hai College. He was a member of the standing committee of the Hong Kong Civic Association and was first elected to the Urban Council of Hong Kong in the reformed election in 1983, on which he served until the council was abolished in 1999. He was also the principal of Aberdeen Saint Peter's Catholic Primary School. He served in Shek Pai Wan for many years, and was a member of the Southern District Board representing the area from 1982 to 2003. For his contributions, he was awarded the Bronze Bauhinia Star (BBS) in 2003.

Hong Kong Chu Hai College
Hong Kong Chu Hai College is a private degree-granting institute in Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. At present, Chu Hai College is recognised as an Approved Post Secondary College under the Post Secondary Colleges Ordinance (Cap 320).
1987 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1987 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 93rd staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.

Clara were the defending champions.

Glenmore won the championship after a 4–10 to 3–09 defeat of Ballyhale Shamrocks in the final. It was their first ever championship title.

Ballyhale Shamrocks GAA
Ballyhale Shamrocks is a Gaelic games club located in the parish of Ballyhale in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It is a member of the Kilkenny branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). Founded in 1972, the club was a amalgamation of three teams Ballyhale, Knocktopher and Knockmoylan. The Shamrocks are the most successful club in the history of both the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, having won the title on nine occasions.
Ashwicken
Ashwicken is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Leziate, in the King's Lynn and West Norfolk district, in the county of Norfolk, England. The village sits on the B1145 King's Lynn to Mundesley road around 5 miles (8.0 km) east of King's Lynn. In 1931 the parish had a population of 117. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Leziate.

Ashwicken is the site of a shrunken medieval village, one of around 200 lost settlements in Norfolk. The remains of the village were visible as earthworks near to Ashwicken Hall but were partly destroyed by ploughing in the 1990s. The hall was surrounded by a medieval moat which was filled in during the 19th century.

The parish church, which is dedicated to All Saints, dates from the medieval period. It was restored during the 19th century and is a Grade II* listed building.

B1145 road
The B1145 runs for about 52 miles (84 km) through the county of Norfolk, England, between King's Lynn and Mundesley. The road is an alternative route to the A47 between King's Lynn and Norwich by way of the A1067 from Bawdeswell onwards.
2018 Okayama GT 300km
The 2018 Okayama GT 300km was the first round of the 2018 Super GT Series. It was held at the Okayama International Circuit in Mimasaka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

The GT500 category was won by Koudai Tsukakoshi and Takashi Kogure in the #17 Real Racing Honda NSX-GT, whilst Yuhki Nakayama and Takashi Kobayashi won the GT300 category in the #18 Team UpGarage Toyota 86.

Okayama Prefecture
Okayama Prefecture (岡山県, Okayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.ja.ma, o.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,815,165 (1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west.

Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki, Tsuyama, and Sōja. Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge, while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains.
Abdullah Anas
Abdullah Anas, an Algerian scholar, was the nom de guerre of Boudjema Bounoua, who helped Afghanistan mujahideen fight the Soviet and Afghan government forces in the northern provinces from 1983 to 1992.

Anas met Ahmed Khadr in 1984 and described him as "not a man of fighting, not a man of jihad, just a man of charity work aid".

Mujahideen
Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).

The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.
Duke of Peñaranda de Duero
Duke of Peñaranda de Duero (Spanish: Duque de Peñaranda de Duero), commonly known as Duke of Peñaranda, is a title of Spanish nobility that is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain. It was granted to Juan de Zúñiga y Bazán on 22 May 1608 by king Philip III. Juan de Zúñiga was Viceroy of Catalonia and Viceroy of Naples. The title's name refers to the municipality of Peñaranda de Duero in the Province of Burgos, Spain.

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
United Ground
United Ground, also known as TrustCo United Sports Field, is a cricket ground in Windhoek, Namibia. The first recorded match on the ground was played in 1990 between Namibia and the Netherlands.

The ground hosted its first List A match in the 2001/02 6 Nations Challenge when Kenya played Zimbabwe A. To date the ground has held 12 List A matches.  In 2005, the ground held its inaugural first-class match between Namibia and Bermuda in the 2005 Intercontinental Cup. The venue held a second first-class match in 2010 between Namibia and Uganda in the 2009-10 Intercontinental Shield.

Zimbabwe A cricket team
The Zimbabwe A cricket team is a national cricket team representing Zimbabwe.  It is the second-tier of international Zimbabwean cricket, below the full Zimbabwe national cricket team.  Matches played by Zimbabwe A are not considered to be Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification, respectively.  Zimbabwe A played their first match in January 1994, a four-day first-class contest against the touring South Africa A cricket team.
Sir Francis Blake, 2nd Baronet, of Twizell Castle
Sir Francis Blake (c.1737 – 22 May 1818) was a High Sheriff of Northumberland (1784), a major land owner of that county, and a political writer.

He succeeded to the Baronetcy of Twizell Castle on the death of his father Sir Francis Blake, 1st Baronet, of Twizell Castle in 1780.

He inherited substantial Northumberland estates including Twizell Castle, Tillmouth House, Seghill and Fowberry Tower, the latter being sold in 1807. He also purchased, in 1788, a 1,600-acre (6.5 km2) estate at Duddo from John Clavering of Callaly Castle for £1400 which his son sold in 1823 for £45000.

His seat was initially at Fowberry and later at Tillmouth.

Blake married Elizabeth née Douglas of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire in 1772, and was succeeded by their eldest son Francis

Seghill
Seghill is a large village in the civil parish of Seaton Valley, located on the Northumberland, border which is the county boundary between Northumberland and Tyne and Wear, England. Seghill is situated between the villages of Seaton Delaval and Annitsford, about 8 miles (13 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Dacres
Dacres is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barrington Dacres (died 1806), Royal Navy captain

Brenda Dacres, British politician

Desmond Adolphus Dacres, real name of Desmond Dekker (1941–2006), Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician

James Richard Dacres (Royal Navy officer, born 1749), Royal Navy vice-admiral

James Richard Dacres (Royal Navy officer, born 1788), Royal Navy vice admiral, son of the former

Richard Dacres (Royal Navy officer) (1761–1837), Royal Navy vice-admiral

Richard Dacres (British Army officer) (1799–1886), British Army field-marshal

Sydney Dacres (1805–1884), Royal Navy admiral and First Naval Lord

Thomas Dacres (1587–1668), English politician

Thomas Dacres (younger) (1609–1668), English politician, son of the above

James Richard Dacres (Royal Navy officer, born 1749)
James Richard Dacres (February 1749 – 6 January 1810) was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the Seven Years' War, the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.  He eventually rose to the rank of Vice-Admiral.
Collagenase
Collagenases are enzymes that break the peptide bonds in collagen.  They assist in destroying extracellular structures in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium.  They are considered a virulence factor, facilitating the spread of gas gangrene.  They normally target the connective tissue in muscle cells and other body organs.

Collagen, a key component of the animal extracellular matrix, is made through cleavage of pro-collagen by collagenase once it has been secreted from the cell.  This stops large structures from forming inside the cell itself.

In addition to being produced by some bacteria, collagenase can be made by the body as part of its normal immune response.  This production is induced by cytokines, which stimulate cells such as fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and can cause indirect tissue damage.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Akusha-Dargo Union
Akusha-Dargo Union (Russian: Акуша-Дарго) was the union of free Dargin societies centered in the village of Akusha. It included the territories of the current Levashinsky and Akushinsky districts of Dagestan.

Akushinsky District
Akushinsky District (Russian: Акушинский райо́н; Dargwa: Ахъушала къатI) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic. The area of the district is 622.8 square kilometers (240.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Akusha. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 52,558, with the population of Akusha accounting for 8.8% of that number.
Sultan Kudarat's 1st congressional district
Sultan Kudarat's 1st congressional district is one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Sultan Kudarat. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 2007. It was created after the 2006 reapportionment that divided the province into two congressional districts. The district is composed of the provincial capital, Isulan, its largest city, Tacurong, and the eastern municipalities of Columbio, Lambayong, Lutayan and President Quirino. It is currently represented in the 19th Congress by Bai Rihan M. Sakaluran of the Lakas–CMD.

Columbio
Columbio, officially the Municipality of Columbio (Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Columbio;  Ilocano: Ili ti Columbio;
Maguindanaon: Inged nu Kulumbiu, Jawi: ايڠد نوکلومبيو; Tagalog: Bayan ng Columbio), is a municipality in Sultan Kudarat, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,527 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province.
Palm Harbor Open
The Palm Harbor Open is a defunct tennis tournament that was played on the Grand Prix tennis circuit in 1980. Also known as the Robinsons Men's Tennis Open its sponsored name, the event was held in Palm Harbor, Florida and was played on outdoor hard courts.  Paul McNamee won the singles title while partnering with Paul Kronk to win the doubles title.

Paul Kronk
Paul Kronk (born 22 September 1954) is a former tennis player from Australia.

Kronk won nine doubles titles during his professional career. The big-serving right-hander reached his highest singles ATP ranking in June 1980, when he was No. 66 in the world. His highest doubles ranking of world No. 35 was achieved in January 1982. Kronk was a runner-up in the US Open and a two-time runner-up in the Australian Open, on all occasions partnering compatriot Cliff Letcher.
Ossie Enekwe
Ossie Enekwe, born  Onuora Osmond Enekwechi Listenⓘ (12 November 1942 – 29 April 2010), was a Nigerian dramatist, poet, novelist, and professor of theatre arts.

He was a former vice president of the Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA), as well as the former director of the Institute of African Studies at the University of Nigeria in Nsukka (1998–2004).  He helped to establish the University of Nigeria's Dramatic Arts Department.

Enekwe was the editor of Okike: The African Journal of New Writing from 1984 to 2010, after being appointed by its founder, Chinua Achebe, who founded it in 1971. When Enekwe retired in 2010, he handed over the editorship of Okike to Amechi Akwanya.

Nsukka
Nsukka Listenⓘ is a town and a Local Government Area in Enugu State, Nigeria. Nsukka shares a common border as a town with Edem, Opi (archaeological site), Ede-Oballa, and Obimo.

The postal code of the area is 410001 and 410002 respectively, referring to University of Nigeria Campus, and Nsukka Urban.
The Alan Davies Show
The Alan Davies Show was a short-lived radio program that aired from May – June 1998. The show revolved around Alan Davies playing himself as a struggling actor, and the relationship with his best friends Kate (Ronni Ancona) and Murray (Alan Francis). The series also featured British actors Kevin Eldon, Dave Lamb, Caroline Loncq, Alistair McGowan, Debra Stephenson, and Kim Wall.

Only one series of 6 half-hour episodes was made, which aired on Wednesday evenings on BBC Radio 4. A year later the series was repeated at 11.00p.m. on Tuesdays, with a six-month gap between episode 1 and 2. The series was recorded at Broadcasting House.

The theme tune was Crazy by Barenaked Ladies. This was replaced for the cassette release.

Four episodes, Poo, Mr. Strawberry, All You Can Eat and Tree, were released on audiocassette by BBC Audiobooks Ltd in May 1999. The series is no longer on sale.

Kim Wall (actor)
Kim Wall is a British actor who has appeared in recurring roles in many British comedy series, including The All New Alexei Sayle Show, The Armstrong and Miller Show, Heartburn Hotel, World of Pub, Big Train, Nighty Night, Angelo's and Al Murray's Multiple Personality Disorder.

In film, he has appeared in The War Zone and Holy Flying Circus. In 2004 he played one of the lead roles in a Salford production of Hamish McColl and Sean Foley's The Play What I Wrote. In September 2021, he portrayed the role of Clive Cookson in two episodes of the BBC soap opera Doctors.
Making a Stand for Animals
Making a Stand for Animals is a 2022 book by Oscar Horta, a moral philosopher at the University of Santiago de Compostela and the founder of the organization Animal Ethics. The book was initially published in Spanish as Un paso adelante en defensa de los animales by Plaza y Valdés in 2017. In the book, Horta examines many topics in the field of animal ethics, such as speciesism, sentience, wild animal suffering, veganism and longtermism.

Animal Ethics (organization)
Animal Ethics (AE) is an American nonprofit organization based in Oakland, California, founded in 2012 by Daniel Dorado, Oscar Horta, and Leah McKelvie. The organization produces educational materials and carries out outreach on animal ethics topics including speciesism, sentience, veganism and wild animal suffering, and describes its aim as extending moral consideration to all sentient beings. Its website publishes content in multiple languages, and it has expanded its work to additional language audiences and regions. Horta has said that one reason for establishing the organization was to promote welfare biology as a field of research. Animal Ethics has run projects including essay prizes and an online course focused on wild animal suffering, and was recommended by Animal Charity Evaluators as a standout charity from December 2015 to November 2017.
Pumpkin Center, North Carolina
Pumpkin Center is a census-designated place (CDP) in Onslow County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,228 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Jacksonville, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Jacksonville, North Carolina
Jacksonville is the county seat of and the most populous community in Onslow County, North Carolina, which is coterminous with the Jacksonville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 72,723, which makes Jacksonville the 14th-most populous city in North Carolina. Demographically, Jacksonville is the youngest city in the United States, with an average age of 22.8 years old, which can be attributed to the large military presence. The low age may also be in part due to the population drastically increasing over the past 80 years, from 783 in the 1930 census to 72,723 in the 2020 census.

It is the home of the United States Marine Corps' Camp Lejeune and New River Air Station. Jacksonville is located adjacent to North Carolina's Crystal Coast area.
Albert Halsall
Albert Halsall (19 April 1942 – 25 August 2011) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played at representative level for Lancashire, and at club level for Salford, St Helens, Swinton and Oldham RLFC, as a prop, or second-row.

Station Road, Swinton
Station Road was a stadium in Pendlebury, near Manchester, England. It was the home of Swinton Rugby League Club between 1929 and 1992 and was widely recognised as one of the finest grounds in the Rugby League.

Swinton moved to Station Road when they were at their peak, having won all four major trophies ("All Four Cups") the previous season, one of only three clubs (the others being Hunslet and Huddersfield) ever to do so. The decision to purchase the land, which stood alongside the railway line and Swinton railway station, was made after a breakdown in negotiations with their existing landlord at their Chorley Road ground, their home since 1887.
PNS Shah Jahan (D-186)
PNS Shah Jahan (DDG-186) was a Tariq-class destroyer in service with the Pakistan Navy since being recommissioned in 1994. Based on the British design, Type 21 frigate, she previously served in the Royal Navy as HMS Active as a general purpose frigate.

In 1998–2008, the extensive engineering modernization and midlife upgrade program by the KSEW Ltd. at the Naval Base Karachi reclassified her status as guided missile destroyer.

Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works
The Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited (KS&EW Ltd.) is a major defence contractor and shipbuilding company situated in the West Wharf in Karachi, Sindh in Pakistan.

The KSEW Ltd. is sponsored and owned entirely by the Ministry of Defence Production whose corporate leadership comes directly from the Navy HQ of the Pakistan Navy. With Pakistan Navy being its primary customer, the KSEW Ltd. also has contracts with the National Shipping Corporation, Karachi Port Trust, Port Qasim Authority, and with a wide range of customers in the private sector in Pakistan.

The current managing director of KS&EW is Rear Admiral Salman Ilyas. Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works acquired the ISO 9001 certification in 2000.