hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 California Proposition 1
Proposition 1, also known as Prop 1 or Housing Programs and Veterans' Loans Bond, was a California ballot proposition which was intended to approve $4,000,000,000 in general obligation bonds for projects related to housing and housing loans for veterans. It passed in the November 2018 California elections. The campaign in support of the proposition was run by Affordable Housing Now which was also known as Yes on Prop 1. Supporters of the proposition included Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom, State Senator Bill Dodd, the California Democratic Party, the California Hospital Association, California Forward, the California Labor Federation, United Farm Workers, the San Francisco Democratic Party and California Community Foundation. There were no major opposition efforts made towards the proposition.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Claire Ridgway
Claire Ridgway FRHistS (née Brassington; born 11 February 1971) is a British historian and author of books about the Tudor dynasty, with a particular focus on the life of the Boleyn family. Since 2009 she has run the websites TheAnneBoleynFiles.com and Elizabethfiles.com. In 2014, Claire founded The Tudor Society.

Hever Castle
Hever Castle (/ˈhiːvə/ HEE-və) is located in the village of Hever, Kent, near Edenbridge, 30 miles (48 km) south-east of London, England. It began as a country house, built in the 13th century. From 1462 to 1539, it was the seat of the Boleyn (originally 'Bullen') family.

Anne Boleyn, the second queen consort of King Henry VIII of England, spent her early youth there after her father, Thomas Boleyn, inherited it in 1505. The castle passed to him upon the death of his father, Sir William Boleyn. It later came into the possession of King Henry VIII's fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.

The Grade I listed castle is now owned by the Guthrie family's Broadland Properties.
Mona de Momma
Mona de Momma (foaled March 16, 2006) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.

She is a Speightstown filly out of the Linkage mare Society Gal, a half sister to Grade 3 winner and sire Mr. Greenly. Owned by Michael Talla and trained by John W. Sadler, in 2010 burst onto the spotlight when she won the Las Flores Handicap, then she defeated  2009 Eclipse Champion Sprint Mare Informed Decision in the Humana Distaff Stakes on the Kentucky Derby undercard.

Speightstown
Speightstown (/ˈspaɪtstaʊn/), also known as Little Bristol, is the second largest town in Barbados. It is situated 12 miles (19 km) north of the capital city of Bridgetown, in the northern parish of Saint Peter.

The area is named after William Speight, a member of Barbados' first Assembly during the Settlement years, and the former owner of the land where the town is located.
Bilanka Ramayana
Bilanka Ramayana (Odia - ବିଲଙ୍କା ରାମାୟଣ , pronounced Bilånkā Rāmāyåṇå) , also known as Vilanka Ramayana  is a 15th-century retelling of the Indian epic poem, the Ramayana, written by Sarala Dasa in Odia, who dedicates the work to Sāraḷā Chanḍi, the tutelary goddess of Jagatsinghpur in Odisha. The work is generally regarded as forming a supplementary kanda to the Odia Ramayana and is loosely based on the Adbhuta Ramayana, a Shakta version of the Ramayana in Sanskrit.

Jagatsinghpur
Jagatsinghpur is a town and a municipality in Jagatsinghpur district in the Indian state of Odisha. It is also the headquarters of Jagatsinghpur district. It got the recognition as a new district on 1 April 1993 formerly it was a sub-division of Cuttack district. Paradip Port, Oil refinery and fertiliser factory are located in Jagatsinghpur district. Devi, Alaka, Biluakhai, Kusumi, Hansua, Kuanria and Lunijhara rivers belong to this district.
Pony (Orville Peck album)
Pony is the debut studio album by South African country musician Orville Peck, released on March 22, 2019 by Sub Pop. A country, alternative country, and cowboy pop album, Pony features elements of goth, dream pop, shoegaze, indie rock, surf rock, post-punk, gospel folk.

Pony was named to the initial longlist for the 2019 Polaris Music Prize in June 2019. The album also received a Juno Award nomination for Alternative Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2020.

Cowboy pop
Cowboy pop is music genre coined in 1984 by music journalist J. D. Considine in his review of Scenic Views by Rubber Rodeo. Usage of the term has varied. In the late 2010s, the term began to be used to describe country-influenced indie rock and indie pop bands.
Galician Socialist Youth
Galician Socialist Youth (MSG, Mocidade Socialista Galega in Galician language), was a youth political organization founded on April 25, 2009 in the city of Santiago de Compostela, that acted as the youth of the Galician Socialist Space. The organization self-dissolved and transformed itself in the Galician Nationalist Youth (MNG) in November 2010.

The MSG was integrated in Galiza Nova and the Galician Nationalist Bloc. In 2009 the organization presented a candidacy, called Entre tod@s, Galiza Nova, in the National Assembly of Galiza Nova to the National Direction. The candidacy got the 20% of the vote and 5 seats in the National Direction. The main goal of the MGS inside Galiza Nova was to change the organization and to decrease the power that the Galician People's Union had inside the organization.

Galician People's Union
The Galician People's Union (Galician: Unión do Povo Galego) is a Galician nationalist and communist political party, and is one of the registered political parties of Spain. The party publishes the magazine Terra e Tempo, and the secretary general is Néstor Rego.

It was founded in 1964 with the intention of the independence of Galicia and its transformation into a socialist state. It caused the creation of nationalist fronts such as the Galician National-Popular Assembly and the Bloque Nacionalista Galego. Since 1982 it is one of the parties in the coalition. The current National Spokesperson (Ana Pontón) of the BNG is a member of the UPG.
Australian Poultry Standards
The Australian Poultry Standards is the official breed standard for poultry fancy in Australia. It is the standard of perfection from which all poultry in Australia is supposed to be judged when exhibited at poultry shows. It is published by Victorian Poultry Fanciers Association, the peak body for poultry in Victoria and agreed to by all other state peak bodies.

Poultry show
A poultry show is a specific subset of a livestock show that involves the exhibition and competition of exhibition poultry, which may include chickens, domestic ducks, domestic geese, domestic guineafowl and domestic turkey. Domestic pigeon are also exhibited but not universally considered poultry. As well as being independent events, they are also sometimes held in conjunction with agricultural shows.
Psychomotor vigilance task
A psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) is a sustained-attention, reaction-timed task that measures the consistency with which subjects respond to a visual stimulus. Research indicates increased sleep debt or sleep deficit correlates with deteriorated alertness, slower problem solving, declined psychomotor skills, and increased rate of false responses.

Use of PVT tests was championed by David F. Dinges and popularized by its ease of scoring, simple metrics, and convergent validity. However, it was shown that motivation can counteract the detrimental effects of sleep loss for up to 36 hours.

David F. Dinges
David F. Dinges is an American sleep researcher and teacher.

He is professor of psychology in psychiatry, chief of the Division of Sleep and Chronobiology in the Department of Psychiatry, and associate director of the Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology in the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Dinges earned his M.S. (1974) and Ph.D. (1976) degrees in experimental physiological psychology from Saint Louis University.

Dinges has served as president of the Sleep Research Society, on the boards of directors of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the National Sleep Foundation, as president of the World Federation of Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine Societies and as editor-in-chief of SLEEP, the leading scientific journal on sleep research and sleep medicine.
Transfer operator
In mathematics, the transfer operator encodes information about an iterated map and is frequently used to study the behavior of dynamical systems, statistical mechanics, quantum chaos and fractals. In all usual cases, the largest eigenvalue is 1, and the corresponding eigenvector is the invariant measure of the system.

The transfer operator is sometimes called the Ruelle operator, after David Ruelle, or the Perron–Frobenius operator or Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius operator, in reference to the applicability of the Perron–Frobenius theorem to the determination of the eigenvalues of the operator.

David Ruelle
David Pierre Ruelle (French: [david pjɛʁ ʁɥɛl]; born 20 August 1935) is a Belgian and naturalized French mathematical physicist. He has worked on statistical physics and dynamical systems. With Floris Takens, Ruelle coined the term strange attractor, and developed a new theory of turbulence.
Kyme (actress)
Kyme (born November 21, 1962) is an American film and television actress. She is mostly remembered for her portrayal of "Rachel Meadows" in the 1988 film School Daze. Her television credits include guest appearances on Chicago Hope, The Parkers, Frasier, NYPD Blue and 24.

Chicago Hope
Chicago Hope is an American medical drama television series created by David E. Kelley that originally aired for six seasons on CBS from September 18, 1994, to May 4, 2000, with a total of 141 episodes. The series is set in a fictional private charitable hospital in Chicago, Illinois.
Abbakka Chowta
Rani Abbakka Chowta was the first Tuluva Queen of Ullal who fought the Portuguese in the latter half of the 16th century. She belonged to Jainism. She belonged to the Chowta dynasty, an indigenous Tuluva dynasty who ruled over parts of coastal Karnataka (Tulu Nadu), India. Their capital was Puttige. The port town of Ullal served as their subsidiary capital. The Portuguese made several attempts to capture Ullal as it was strategically placed. But Abbakka repulsed each of their attacks for over four decades. For her bravery, she came to be known as Abhaya Rani (The fearless queen). She was also one of the earliest Indians to fight European colonialism and is sometimes regarded as the 'first woman freedom fighter of India'. In the state of Karnataka, she is celebrated along with Rani Kittur Chennamma, Keladi Chennamma, Rani Chennabhairadevi and  Onake Obavva, as the foremost women warriors and patriots.

Beary
The Beary (also known as Byari) are a community concentrated along the southwest coast of India, mostly in the Mangalore district of the south Indian state of Karnataka.

The Beary community of Tulunadu is among the earliest Muslim inhabitants of India, with a clear history of more than 950 years.
F.C. Felgueiras (2006)
Futebol Clube de Felgueiras (formerly Futebol Club de Felgueiras 1932) is an association football club based in Felgueiras, Porto District, Portugal founded in 2006 after the original F.C. Felgueiras ended in 2005 due to financial problems. They got promoted to play in the Liga 3 in the 2021-22 season and hold their games at the Estádio Dr. Machado de Matos.

Liga 3 (Portugal)
The Liga 3, also known as Liga 3 Placard for sponsorship reasons, is the third-level football league in the Portuguese football league system, starting in 2021–22. It is a semiprofessional national league organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF).

The creation of this league is part of a restructuring of the Portuguese third tier, with Campeonato de Portugal, which saw the number of teams reduced, being relegated to fourth tier and the top teams competing there advancing to this new competition. In its first season, a total of 24 teams competed in the Liga 3, 2 of which were relegated from 2020–21 Liga Portugal 2 and 22 others which were promoted from 2020–21 Campeonato de Portugal. This number is set to be reduced to 20 teams from the 2023–24 season.
Agnadello
Agnadello (Cremasco: Agnadèl or Gnidèl) is a comune and village in the province of Cremona, Lombardy, northern Italy. It was the location of the battle of Agnadello in which Louis XII of France defeated  the Venetians on 14 May 1509.

Eastern Lombard dialects
Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic language
 spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino. Its main variants are Bergamasque and Brescian.

In Italian-speaking contexts, Eastern Lombard is often called as dialetti (lit. 'dialects'), understood to mean not a variety of Italian, but a local language that is part of the Romance languages dialect continuum that pre-dates the establishment of Tuscan-based Italian.

Eastern Lombard and Italian have only limited mutual intelligibility, like many other Romance languages spoken in Italy.

Eastern Lombard does not have any official status either in Lombardy or anywhere else: the only official language in Lombardy is Italian.
Waun Lefrith
Waun Lefrith is a top of Picws Du and is also the westernmost of the Carmarthen Fans (Welsh: Bannau Sir Gaer), a group of peaks within the Black Mountain (Y Mynydd Du) of the Brecon Beacons National Park (Parc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog).  It lies within Carmarthenshire, Wales. The summit plateau of the mountain reaches a height of 2221 feet above sea level. Picws Du and Fan Foel are the other, higher summits of the Carmarthen Fans (Bannau Sir Gaer). The glacial lake of Llyn y Fan Fach dominates the panorama to the north of the peak. Beyond the lake to the north lies the Usk Reservoir and then the Cambrian Mountains on the horizon. Swansea Bay and the Bristol Channel are visible to the south across the undulating dip slope of the mountain. The Towy (Tywi) valley lies to the west, with Llandovery and Llandeilo as important market towns 
nearest to the hills.

Usk Reservoir
The Usk Reservoir (Welsh: Cronfa Wysg) is located in the upper Usk Valley, at 1,006 feet (307 m) above sea level, in the western part of the Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales. The county boundary between Carmarthenshire and Powys runs through the reservoir which lies about six miles to the north of the Black Mountain escarpment. It is an important landmark for walkers on the mountain range.
Glukhovka
Glukhovka (Russian: Глуховка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Glukhovskoye Rural Settlement, Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 939 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast
Alexeyevsky District (Russian: Алексе́евский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Alexeyevsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,765 square kilometers (681 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Alexeyevka (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 24,425 (2010 Census); 27,493 (2002 Census); 45,304 (1989 Soviet census).
2014 BMW PGA Championship
The 2014 BMW PGA Championship was the 60th edition of the BMW PGA Championship, an annual golf tournament on the European Tour, held 22–25 May at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.

Seven strokes back after three rounds, Rory McIlroy won with a final round 66 (−6), a stroke ahead of runner-up Shane Lowry. It was his first win at the event, and sixth victory on the European Tour. Thomas Bjørn led (or co-led) after each or the first three rounds, but fell into a tie for third after a final round 75 (+3).

Defending champion Matteo Manassero opened with an 80 and missed the cut by five strokes.

Matteo Manassero
Matteo Manassero (born 19 April 1993) is an Italian professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Tour. In 2010, he became the youngest golfer to win a European Tour event. His most notable victory to date was in the 2013 BMW PGA Championship.
Paramahansa Mandali
Paramahansa Mandali was a secret socio-religious group, established in 1849, in Bombay and is closely related to Manav Dharma Sabha which was found in 1844 in Surat. It was started by Durgaram Mehtaji, Dadoba Pandurang and a group of his friends. Dadoba Pandurang assumed leadership of this organisation after he left Manav Dharma Sabha. He outlined his principles in Dharma Vivechan in 1848 for Manav Dharma Sabha and "Paramhansik Bramhyadharma" for Paramahansa Mandali. It acted as a secret society and is believed that the revelation of its existence in 1860 hastened its demise.

It was the first socio-religious organisation of Maharashtra, founded in 1849. Its founders of these Mandli believed in one God. They were primarily interested in breaking caste rules. At their meetings food cooked by lower caste people was taken by the members. The Mandali also advocated women's education and widow remarriage.

Durgaram Mehta
Durgaram Manchharam Dave (1809–1876), popularly known as Durgaram Mehta or Durgaram Mehtaji, was a Gujarati social reformer, essayist, diarist and teacher from British India. Along with his companions, he founded the Manav Dharma Sabha, the first reform association in Gujarat, at Surat in 1844, and pioneered social reform activities in the region. He was the first to use autobiographical writing in Gujarati literature by keeping minutes of the transactions of the Manav Dharma Sabha with his comments and views.
Kauppinen (surname)
Kauppinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aarne Kauppinen (1889–1927), Finnish artisan, smallholder and politician

Hannele Kauppinen (born 1955), Finnish singer known by her stage name Taiska

Marko Kauppinen (born 1979), Finnish ice hockey player

Juho Kauppinen (born 1986), Finnish accordionist

Jarkko Kauppinen (born 1992), Finnish biathlete

Liisa Kauppinen (born 1939), Finnish human rights activist

Sean Kauppinen, American video game executive

Aarne Kauppinen
Aarne Kauppinen (4 July 1889 in Rantasalmi – 7 July 1927) was a Finnish artisan, smallholder and politician. He served as a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1922, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP).
Tersky (rural locality)
Tersky (Russian: Терский; masculine), Terskaya (Терская; feminine), or Terskoye (Терское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Tersky, Budyonnovsky District, Stavropol Krai, a settlement in Tersky Selsoviet of Budyonnovsky District of Stavropol Krai

Tersky, Georgiyevsky District, Stavropol Krai, a settlement in Alexandriysky Selsoviet of Georgiyevsky District of Stavropol Krai

Terskoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Tersky Selsoviet of Kansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Terskoye, Tambov Oblast, a selo in Tersky Selsoviet of Michurinsky District of Tambov Oblast

Terskaya, a stanitsa in Terskoye Rural Settlement of Mozdoksky District of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Tambov Oblast
Tambov Oblast (Russian: Тамбовская область, IPA: [tɐmˈbofskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tambov. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,091,994.
Islamic Iran Solidarity Party
Islamic Iran Solidarity Party (Persian: حزب همبستگی ایران اسلامی; Hezb-e Hambastegi-e Iran-e Eslami) is an Iranian reformist political party founded in 1998, by 10 members of Parliament of Iran. The party is a member of Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front and publishes the newspaper Hambastegi. Ali Asghar Ahmadi is the general secretary, an office previously held by Ebrahim Asgharzadeh and Mohamadreza Raahchamani. They have supported Mohammad Khatami in the 2001 election, Mehdi Karoubi in 2005 and Mir-Hossein Mousavi in 2009.

The party had some 50 seats in the Iranian Parliament during 2000–2004, and its fraction was headed by Qorban-Ali Qandahari.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
2012 Rallye de France
The 2012 Rallye de France – Alsace was the eleventh round of the 2012 World Rally Championship season. The rally took place over 4–7 October, and was based in Strasbourg, the capital city of the Alsace region of France. The rally was also the seventh round of the Super 2000 World Rally Championship, and the fifth round of the WRC Academy.

Victor Sébastien Loeb retained his driver champion title in this rally, and the third place of his teammate Mikko Hirvonen allowed Citroën to retain the manufacturer title as well, making this rally a repeat of the 2010 event.

Mikko Hirvonen
Mikko Hirvonen (born 31 July 1980) is a Finnish former rally driver, and a current Rally-Raid driver, who drove in the World Rally Championship. He placed third in the drivers' championship and helped Ford to the manufacturers' title in both 2006 and 2007. In 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012 he finished runner-up to Sébastien Loeb. Hirvonen's co-driver was Jarmo Lehtinen from the 2003 season until his retirement in 2014, Lehtinen had replaced Miikka Anttila who co-drove with Hirvonen in the 2002 season.
Barley yellow dwarf virus 5'UTR
Barley yellow dwarf virus 5' UTR is a non-coding RNA element containing structural elements required for translation of the genome of the plant disease pathogen Barley yellow dwarf virus.

Unlike eukaryotic mRNA, this virus lacks a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail but still circularises its mRNA through base pairing between two stem loops, one located in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and the other within the 3' UTR. The structure within the 3' UTR has been previously characterised as the 3' cap-independent translation element (3' TE element) and the 5' UTR of barley yellow dwarf virus has been predicted to contain 4 stem loop structures. Mutagenesis showed that stem loop 4 is essential for base pairing with 3'TE and only 5 bases are needed to base pair for mRNA circularization to occur.

Barley yellow dwarf
Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is a plant disease caused by the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and is the most widely distributed viral disease of cereals. It affects the economically important crop species barley, oats, wheat, maize, triticale and rice.