hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British Empire in fiction
The British Empire has often been portrayed in fiction. Originally such works described the Empire because it was a contemporary part of life; nowadays fictional references are also frequently made in a steampunk context.

John Masters
Lieutenant-Colonel John Masters, DSO, OBE (26 October 1914 – 7 May 1983) was a British army officer and novelist. During World War II, he served with the Chindits behind Axis lines in Burma, and became the GSO1 (chief staff officer) of the 19th Indian Infantry Division. Masters is principally known for his historical novels set in India, notably Bhowani Junction, which was turned into a successful 1956 film. He also wrote a three-volume autobiography, which was positively received by critics.
Komoé River
The Komoé River or Comoé River is a river in West Africa. The river originates on the Sikasso Plateau of Burkina Faso, flows through the Cascades de Karfiguéla, forms a short section of the border between Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast before entering Ivory Coast. It serves as the major drainage for the northeastern portion of that country before emptying into the Atlantic. The banks of the Komoé are shaded by riparian forests along most of its  length, providing an important habitat for wildlife and a source of agricultural water.  Where reliable floodplains form in Ivory Coast, rice may be grown.  A portion of the river in northern Ivory Coast is the source of the vegetative richness that earned that area a UNESCO World Heritage Site designation, Comoé National Park.

Farm water
Farm water, also known as agricultural water, is water committed for use in the production of food and fibre and collecting for further resources. In the US, some 80% of the fresh water withdrawn from rivers and groundwater is used to produce food and other agricultural products. Farm water may include water used in the irrigation of crops or the watering of livestock. Its study is called agricultural hydrology.

Water is one of the most fundamental parts of the global economy. In areas without healthy water resources or sanitation services, economic growth cannot be sustained. Without access to clean water, nearly every industry would suffer, most notably agriculture. As water scarcity grows as a global concern, food security is also brought into consideration. A recent example of this could be the drought in California; for every $100 spent on foods from this state, a consumer is projected to pay up to $15 additionally.
Powhatan (given name)
Powhatan is a masculine given name. The best-known bearer of the name is Powhatan (Native American leader) (1545–1618), leader of the Powhatan tribe and father of Pocahontas.

Others with the name include:

Powhatan Beaty (1837–1916), African-American soldier and actor awarded the Medal of Honor

Powhatan Henry Clarke (1862–1893), United States Army first lieutenant awarded the Medal of Honor

Powhatan Ellis (1790–1863), American politician and judge, Senator from Mississippi

Powhatan Gordon (1802–1879), American farmer and state senator

Powhatan B. Locke (c. 1828–1868), justice of the Territorial Supreme Court of Nevada

Powhatan Gordon
Major Powhatan Gordon (1802–1879) was an American farmer and politician. He served in the Tennessee Senate in 1842 and 1845. During his tenure, he proposed a bill for the creation of Lewis County, Tennessee. By 1854, his bid for Congress as a member of the Know Nothing party was unsuccessful.
Harney, Minnesota
Harney is an unincorporated community in Thomson Township, Carlton County, Minnesota, United States.  It lies between Cloquet and Duluth.

Harney is located 6 miles east (northeast) of the city of Cloquet; and 15 miles southwest of the city of Duluth.

North Cloquet Road, Marks Road, and Harney Road are three of the main routes in Harney.

Canosia Road and Carlton County Road 61 are nearby.

The community of Esko is adjacent to Harney.

Cloquet, Minnesota
Cloquet (/kloʊˈkeɪ/ ⓘ kloh-KAY, Ojibwe: Mookomaan-Onigamiing) is a city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States, at the junction of Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highway 33. Part of the city lies within the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation and serves as one of the reservation's three administrative centers. The population was 12,568 at the 2020 census.
2025 Liga AUF Uruguaya
The 2025 Liga Profesional de Primera División season, also known as the Liga AUF Uruguaya 2025, was the 122nd season of the Uruguayan Primera División, Uruguay's top-flight football league, and its 95th professional season. The season, which was named "Juan Manuel Izquierdo", began on 31 January and ended on 30 November 2025.

Nacional were the champions, winning their fiftieth league championship after topping the season's aggregate table and defeating the defending champions Peñarol in the finals.

Juan Izquierdo
Juan Manuel Izquierdo Viana (4 July 1997 – 27 August 2024) was a Uruguayan professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

He made 111 Uruguayan Primera División appearances for Cerro, Peñarol, Montevideo Wanderers, Liverpool and Nacional, winning the league in 2022 and 2023 for the last two clubs, respectively. He also briefly played in Mexico's Liga MX for Atlético San Luis in 2021.

Izquierdo died at age 27, having collapsed due to cardiac arrhythmia during a Copa Libertadores match at São Paulo.
Führer city
A Führer city, or Führerstadt in German, was a status given to five German cities in 1937 by Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany. The status was based on Hitler's vision of undertaking gigantic urban transformation projects in these cities, and executed by German architects including Albert Speer, Paul Ludwig Troost, German Bestelmeyer, Konstanty Gutschow, Hermann Giesler, Leonhard Gall and Paul Otto August Baumgarten. More modest reconstruction projects were to take place in thirty-five other cities, although some sources assert this number was as high as fifty. These plans were however not realised for the greater part because of the onset of the Second World War, although construction continued to take place even in wartime circumstances at Hitler's insistence.

After the Battle for France in 1940, Hitler ordered that the architectural reshaping of these cities was to be completed by 1950, and should represent the magnitude of the German victories in Western Europe.

Urban renewal
Urban renewal, also known as urban regeneration or urban redevelopment, is a set of government or private initiatives aimed at addressing urban decay, upgrading infrastructure, and revitalizing city neighborhoods. Typically, urban renewal involves clearing "blighted" areas, followed by new construction for housing, businesses, and public spaces. While such projects can modernize cities and stimulate economic growth, they are controversial due to frequent displacement of low-income and minority communities, a process known as gentrification.
Melas (Naxos)
Melas (Ancient Greek: Μελάς) was a town of ancient Greece on the island of Naxos. It is cited, along with Elaeus, in an ancient inscription dated to the 3rd century BCE.

Its site is tentatively located near modern Melanes.

Naxos
Naxos (/ˈnæksɒs, -soʊs/; Greek: Νάξος, pronounced [ˈnaksos]) is a Greek island belonging to the Cyclades island group. It is the largest island in the group. The largest town and capital of the island is Chora or Naxos City, with 8,897 inhabitants out of the total 20,578 in the island (2021 census). The main villages are Filoti, Apiranthos, Vivlos, Agios Arsenios, Koronos and Glynado. It was an important centre during the Bronze Age Cycladic Culture and in the Ancient Greek Archaic Period. The island is famous as a source of emery, a rock rich in corundum, which until modern times was one of the best abrasives available.
C. Ashwath
Channarayapatna Ashwath (Kannada: ಸಿ. ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ್, lit. 'C. Ashwath'; 29 December 1939 – 29 December 2009) was an Indian music composer and exponent of Bhavageete ("expressive poetry") in the Kannada language. He was also a singer, and sang many of his own compositions. He was credited with singing Bhavageete songs and making sure that they reached the common man.

Bhavageete
Bhaavageete or Bhavageeth (literally 'emotion poetry') is a form of poetry and pop music in India. Most of the poetry sung in this genre pertains to subjects like love, nature, and philosophy, and the genre itself is not much different from ghazals, though ghazals are bound to a peculiar metre. This genre is quite popular in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. This genre may be called by different names in other languages. In Telugu, they are known as Bhava Geethaalu. Cherukuri Ramarao is one of the popular writers of Bhava Geethaalu in Telugu.
Marthinus
Marthinus or Martinus is an old Dutch, Danish or Norwegian male given name - a Latinised form of Martin.

Notable people with this name include:

Marthinus Bekker (1933–2022), South African Navy officer

Marthinus Jacobus Oosthuizen (1818–1897), South African voortrekker

Marthinus Otto (born 1980), South African cricketer

Marthinus du Plessis (born 1932), South African pentathlete

Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1819–1901), South African politician

Marthinus Prinsloo (1838–1903), Orange Free State farmer, politician and commander-in-chief in the Second Boer War

Marthinus Nikolaas Ras (1853–1900), South African farmer

Marthinus van Schalkwyk (born 1959), South African politician

Marthinus Theunis Steyn (1857–1916), South African lawyer, politician, and statesman

Marthinus Strydom (born 1965), South African investor

Martinus Thomsen (1890–1981), Danish author, philosopher and mystic.

Marthinus Versfeld or Martin Versfeld (1909–1995), South African philosopher

Marthinus Strydom
Marthinus Johannes Strydom (born 28 April 1965) is a South African philanthropist, author, venture capitalist and private equity investor. He is the CEO and Chairman of Eezi Group, a diversified group headquartered in Pretoria.

Strydom consolidated his various businesses into Eezi Group in 2021. Eezi Group was later organized into various divisions in 2022.

Strydom is regarded as the pioneer of e-commerce in South Africa. He created the first e-commerce portal in South Africa and continued to create numerous B2C and B2B e-commerce companies.

Strydom was voted as one of South Africa's top ten IT personalities by IT Web in 2012.
Ammuguda
Ammuguda is a revenue village in Malkajgiri Mandal and also a part of 8th ward, Secunderabad Cantonment Board, Urban sprawling of [[[Secunderabad]] City in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in Malkajgiri Mandal in Medchal district of the state. It is located in the North-East Part of Malkajgiri Mandal, Earlier it was a part Kapra Circle, then after districts reformed it added into Malkajgiri Mandal & Circle in 2017.
It is a part of the Greater Hyderabad and also Hyderabad Metropolitan Region.

Hyderabad Metropolitan Region
The Hyderabad Metropolitan Region is the metropolitan area covered by the city of Hyderabad in the Indian state of Telangana. The region is spread over the districts of Hyderabad, Bhuvanagiri, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Ranga Reddy, Sangareddy, Medak, and Siddipet. Under the jurisdiction of Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority, it covers an area of 10,472.723 km2 (4,043.541 sq mi) and has a population of 11 million people.
Jim Davis (North Carolina politician)
James Wayland Davis (born January 7, 1947) is an American politician and orthodontist who served as a member of the North Carolina General Assembly. He represented the Senate's fiftieth district, which includes Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, and Swain counties from 2011 until 2021.

Jackson County, North Carolina
Jackson County is a county located in the western part of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 43,109. Since 1913, its county seat has been Sylva, which replaced Webster. Cullowhee is the site of Western Carolina University (WCU). In the early 21st century, the university has more than 12,000 students, nearly twice the number of permanent residents of Cullowhee. The university has a strong influence in the region and county. More than 10 percent of the county residents identify as Native American, mostly Cherokee. The federally recognized Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is based at Qualla Boundary, land that consists of territory in both Jackson and neighboring Swain County. This is the only federally recognized tribe in North Carolina, and one among three federally recognized Cherokee tribes nationally. The other two are based in what is now the state of Oklahoma, a former Indian Territory.
Yörük Ali Efe
Yörük Ali Efe (1886 – 23 September 1951) was a Turkish guerrilla leader in the Ottoman Empire, and an officer in the Turkish Army during the Turkish War of Independence. He was an important leader in Kuva-yi Milliye of the Aegean Region. After the declaration of republic he resigned from his office and worked as a farmer and industrialist. He was one of the last Zeybeks in Turkish history.

Kuva-yi Milliye
The Kuva-yi Milliye (Ottoman Turkish: قواى مليه; lit. 'National Forces' or 'Nationalist Forces') were irregular Turkish militia forces active in the early period of the Turkish War of Independence. These irregular forces emerged after the occupation of the parts of Turkey by the Allied forces in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros. Later, Kuva-yi Milliye were integrated to the regular army (Kuva-yi Nizamiye) of the Grand National Assembly. Some historians call this period (1918–20) of the Turkish War of Independence the "Kuva-yi Milliye phase".
1979–80 2. Bundesliga
The 1979–80 2. Bundesliga season was the sixth season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. It was played in two regional divisions, Nord and Süd.

Arminia Bielefeld, 1. FC Nürnberg and Karlsruher SC were promoted to the Bundesliga while DSC Wanne-Eickel, OSC Bremerhaven, Arminia Hannover, Wuppertaler SV, MTV 1881 Ingolstadt, Röchling Völklingen and FV Würzburg 04 were relegated to the Oberligas.

Wuppertaler SV
Wuppertaler SV is a German association football club located in Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia. The city was founded in 1880 by the union of a number of smaller towns including Elberfeld, Barmen, Vohwinkel, Cronenberg and Ronsdorf – each with its own football club. Wuppertal Sport Verein was formed on 8 July 1954 out of the merger of TSG Vohwinkel and SSV Wuppertal and was later joined by Borussia Wuppertal to form the present day club. In addition to the football side, today's sports club includes departments for boxing, gymnastics, handball, and track and field.
2007 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open
The 2007 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 3rd edition for men, and 6th edition for women, of the tournament and part of the 2007 ATP Challenger Series and the 2007 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $100,000 for men, and $50,000 for women, in prize money. It took place in West Vancouver, British Columbia, between July 28 and August 5, 2007.

Donald Young (tennis)
Donald Oliver Young Jr. (born July 23, 1989) is an American professional pickleball player with the American PPA Tour and Major League Pickleball, and also a former professional tennis player. Young had a tennis career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 38, achieved on 27 February 2012, and doubles ranking of world No. 43, achieved on 14 August 2017. As a junior he was ranked No. 1 in the world in 2005. His best singles performance was reaching the fourth round of the 2011 US Open, as well as the 2015 US Open. In doubles, he reached the final of the 2017 French Open, partnering Santiago González.  In mixed doubles, he reached the final of the 2024 US Open, partnering Taylor Townsend.
Kirani James Athletic Stadium
Grenada National Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in St. George's, Grenada. It is currently used mostly for football matches.  The stadium holds 8,000 people.

It was renamed to Kirani James Athletic Stadium in April 2017, in honour of the first Olympic medallist of Grenada, Kirani James.

St. George's, Grenada
St. George's (Grenadian Creole French: Sen Jòj) is the capital and largest city of Grenada. The city is surrounded by a hillside of an old volcano crater and is located on a horseshoe-shaped harbour.

St. George's is a popular Caribbean tourist destination. The town has witnessed an economic boom from 2014 to 2016, and also improved its tourism and various other sectors in 2022 while preserving its history, culture, and natural environment. The parish in which St George's is located, is the home of St. George’s University School of Medicine and Maurice Bishop International Airport. The main exports are cocoa bean (cacao), nutmeg, and mace spice.

It has a moderate tropical climate that ensures the success of spice production. Nutmeg is a key crop, followed by spices such as cocoa, mace, cloves, vanilla, cinnamon and ginger.
Morewadi
Morewadi is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Kamshet railway station
Kamshet railway station or Kamshet station is a railway station of Pune Suburban Railway on Mumbai–Chennai line.

Local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala, Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala stop here.

The only passenger train having a stop at this station is the Pune Junction–Karjat Passenger.

The station has two platforms and a foot overbridge. Nearby attractions are two hilly forts, namely Tikona Fort and Tung Fort, and the Pavna Dam and boating.
Hoo Junction
Hoo Junction is a rail yard on the North Kent Line, near the village of Higham, Kent and Shorne Marshes, operated by DB Cargo UK; formerly the English, Welsh and Scottish Railway. It is between Gravesend and Higham stations, at the junction with the freight-only single-track Hoo branch to the Hoo Peninsula.

Hoo Peninsula
The Hoo Peninsula is a peninsula in Kent, England, separating the estuaries of the rivers Thames and Medway. It is dominated by a line of chalk, clay and sand hills, surrounded by an extensive area of marshland composed of alluvial silt. The name Hoo is a Saxon word believed to mean 'spur of land' or refers to the 'distinct heel-shape of the ridge of hills' through Hoo. Hoo features in the Domesday Book of 1086. The peninsula is home to internationally and nationally protected wildlife sites as well as industrial facilities and energy industries.
Hakushu distillery
Hakushu distillery (Japanese: 白州蒸溜所, Hepburn: Hakushū jōryūsho) is a Japanese whisky distillery.  It is owned by the Suntory group, and situated in the Toribara locality (鳥原; also pronounced Torihara) of the former town of Hakushū (now part of Hokuto), in the Yamanashi Prefecture, Chūbu region, Japan.

The distillery was established in 1973, in the forest on the slopes of Mount Kaikoma (甲斐駒ヶ岳, Kaikoma-ga-take).  In 1981, it was expanded by the commissioning of a second Hakushu East site, near the original site, now called Hakushu West. All production is now focused on the new site.

Hokuto, Yamanashi
Hokuto (北杜市, Hokuto-shi) is a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020,  the city had an estimated population of 45,684  in 22,091 households, and a population density of 78 inhabitants per square kilometre (200/sq mi). The total area of the city is 602.48 square kilometres (232.62 sq mi).
Hans Bergel
Hans Bergel (June 26, 1925 – February 26, 2022) was a German-language writer, historian, and journalist originally from Râșnov, Romania. He is known for his works reflecting the struggles of Transylvanian Germans under communist rule. He won the prestigious Andreas Gryphius Prize in 2013 for his contributions to German literature.

Andreas Gryphius Prize
The Andreas-Gryphius Prize is a prestigious literary prize in Germany, named after the German poet Andreas Gryphius (1616–1664). The prize is awarded to authors and translators whose work reflects German culture and history in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe and that contributes to understanding between Germany and its Eastern neighbors.

The prize was established in Düsseldorf in 1957; since 1990 it has been sponsored by the Künstlergilde (artists' guild) in Esslingen, and awarded in the city of Glogów (German: Glogau), Gryphius's birthplace.
Jacqueline Foster
Jacqueline Foster, Baroness Foster of Oxton, DBE (née Renshaw, born 30 December 1947)  is a British Conservative politician and a former Member of the European Parliament for the North West England region.

In October 2019 she was appointed Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. In January 2021, she was appointed as a life peer in the House of Lords as Baroness Foster of Oxton, of Oxton in the County of Merseyside.

Oxton, Merseyside
Oxton is a suburb of Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. Administratively it is a ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Originally a village in its own right, it became part of the Municipal Borough of Birkenhead upon its creation in 1877. Before local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974, it was part of the County Borough of Birkenhead, within the county of Cheshire.
Social cognitive optimization
Social cognitive optimization (SCO) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm which was developed in 2002. This algorithm is based on the social cognitive theory, and the key point of the ergodicity is the process of individual learning of a set of agents with their own memory and their social learning with the knowledge points in the social sharing library. It has been used for solving continuous optimization, integer programming, and combinatorial optimization problems. It has been incorporated into the NLPSolver extension of Calc in Apache OpenOffice.

Continuous optimization
Continuous optimization is a branch of optimization in applied mathematics.

As opposed to discrete optimization, the variables used in the objective function are required to be continuous variables—that is, to be chosen from a set of real values between which there are no gaps (values from intervals of the real line). Because of this continuity assumption, continuous optimization allows the use of calculus techniques.
Fourou
Fourou is a town and rural commune in the Cercle of Kadiolo in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali near the border with Ivory Coast. The commune covers an area of 1,334 square kilometers and includes the town and 22 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 40,826. The town of Fourou, the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 47 km northwest of Kadiolo.

Sikasso Region
Sikasso Region (Bambara: ߛߌߞߊߛߏ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Sikaso Dineja) is the southernmost region of Mali. The region's capital city, Sikasso, is the country's second-largest city. Major ethnic groups include the Senoufo, known for masks and reverence for animals, the Samago, known for being Mali's best farmers, and the main ethnic group in Mali, the Bambara people.