hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise, Amador County, California
38°32′25″N 120°50′50″W﻿ / ﻿38.54028°N 120.84722°W﻿ / 38.54028; -120.84722

Enterprise is a former mining camp in Amador County, California. It is located 5.5 miles (8.9 km) west-northwest of Fiddletown, on Big Indian Creek, at an elevation of 876 feet (267 m). Established to mine quartz, at its peak it had a population of around a hundred, but the prospects did not pan out, and there are only a few houses in the area now.

Fiddletown, California
Fiddletown (from 1878 to 1932, Oleta) is a census-designated place in Amador County, California. The town is registered as a California Historical Landmark and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Fiddletown's population was 279 at the 2020 census.
Ellie Boatman
Eleanor May Boatman (born 13 May 1997) is an English rugby union player who plays for Ealing Trailfinders in Premiership Women's Rugby and the Great Britain women's national rugby sevens team, having also played for England sevens.

England women's national rugby sevens team
The English women's national rugby sevens team has competed in the Hong Kong Women's Sevens tournaments since 1997. England are also one of six teams announced by the International Rugby Board as "core teams" that competed in all four rounds of the inaugural IRB Women's Sevens World Series in 2012–13. England won the bronze medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

At the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens they lost to Ireland in the opening game of the tournament and were knocked out of the Championship Cup. They defeated Japan to win the Challenge Trophy Final and placed ninth overall. England, representing Great Britain, won the 2019 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens, thus qualifying for the 2020 Olympics.
Changgang station
Changgang Station (simplified Chinese: 昌岗站; traditional Chinese: 昌崗站; Jyutping: coeng1 gong1 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Chēunggōng Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 2 and Line 8 of the Guangzhou Metro. The underground station is located at the intersection of Changgang Road and Jiangnan Avenue in Haizhu District. It started operation on 25 September 2010.

At its first operation day of the station, the number of passenger frequency was over 220,000, so traffic control was needed at the platforms of Line 2.

Interchange station
An interchange station or a transfer station is a train station for more than one railway route in a public transport system that allows passengers to change from one route to another, often without having to leave a station or pay an additional fare.

Transfer may occur within the same mode, or between rail modes, or to buses (for stations with bus termini attached). Such stations usually have more platforms than single route stations. These stations can exist in either commercial centers or on the city outskirts in residential areas. Cities typically plan for land use around interchange stations for development. Passengers may be required to pay extra fare for the interchange if they leave a paid area.
2023 Western & Southern Open – Men's doubles
Máximo González and Andrés Molteni defeated Jamie Murray and Michael Venus in the final, 3–6, 6–1, [11–9] to win the men's doubles title at the 2023 Cincinnati Masters. They saved a championship point en route to their first ATP Tour Masters 1000 title.

Rajeev Ram and Joe Salisbury were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to González and Molteni.

Máximo González
Máximo González Mereira (Latin American Spanish: [ˈmaɣsimo ɣonˈsales meˈɾejɾa]; born July 20, 1983) is an Argentine professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is World No. 58, achieved in July 2009 and his career-high doubles ranking is World No. 10 achieved on 11 September 2023.
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili or Jughashvili is a Georgian surname, a transliteration of ჯუღაშვილი. In Russian, it appears as Джугашвили.

Most famously, it is the birth surname of Joseph Stalin.

Other people with this surname include:

Besarion Jughashvili (c. 1850–1909), father of Stalin

Vasily Dzhugashvili (1921–1962), son of Stalin

Yakov Dzhugashvili (1907–1943), son of Stalin

Yevgeny Dzhugashvili (1936–2016), son of Yakov, and grandson of Stalin

According to some versions this surname is not of Georgian but of Ossetian origin and comes from Ossetian surname Дзугаты (Дзугаев in Russian form, Romanization Dzugaev) to which Georgian suffix -shvili ("son of") was added.

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
Gregg Foreman
Gregg Foreman (born October 5, 1972) is an American musician and DJ born in Philadelphia. Foreman gained recognition initially as the front man of; The Delta 72, a band that created a frenetic and honest style channeling post-punk rock sensibilities with 1960s British Invasion R&B. The live gigs of The Delta 72 have been characterized by Gregg's energetic stage performances and James Brown-like moves.

Paris Jackson
Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson (born April 3, 1998) is an American model, actress, and singer. She is the daughter of Michael Jackson and Debbie Rowe. In 2020, Jackson signed a deal with Republic Records. Her debut album, Wilted, was released the same year.
Crooked Lake (Independence Township, Michigan)
Crooked Lake is a 68-acre lake along the Clinton River.  The lake, with a maximum depth of 65 feet, lies within Independence Township in Oakland County, Michigan.

The lake is located west of Sashabaw Road and south of Shappie Road.

Crooked Lake connects upstream to Upper Bushman Lake

Crooked Lake was formerly named Lower Bushman Lake.

Independence Township, Michigan
Independence Township is a charter township of Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 36,686 at the 2020 census.

Independence Township was first organized in 1834.  The township surrounds the city of Clarkston, but the two are administered autonomously after Clarkston incorporated as a city in 1992.  The township is home to the Pine Knob Music Theatre and the Pine Knob Ski Resort.
Akef Al-Fayez
Akef Mithqal Al-Fayez (Arabic: عاكف مثقال الفايز, Akif Al Fayiz; 15 September 1922 – 8 April 1998) was a Jordanian politician born in Amman, Jordan. He held several ministerial positions and became speaker of the Jordanian Parliament for several sessions and a member of the Jordanian Senate.

Senate (Jordan)
The Senate of Jordan is the upper house of the Jordanian Parliament which, along with the House of Representatives forms the legislature of Jordan. The Senate consists of 69 members all of whom are chosen by the king of Jordan by royal decree, but must follow the terms of Constitution of Jordan.

The presiding officer is the President of the Senate, who serves a two-year term, which can be renewed. Regular members of the Senate serve four-year terms, which can also be renewed. Meetings of the Senate are valid only if everyone is present at the meeting. Decisions are determined by the number of votes, not including the President; but if the votes are tied, the President may vote.
So Much Shouting, So Much Laughter
So Much Shouting, So Much Laughter is the second live album by singer-songwriter Ani DiFranco, released in 2002 (see 2002 in music).

The opening track of the second disc, "Comes a Time", is an excerpt from the famous speech by Mario Savio, given before Free Speech Movement demonstrators entered Sproul Hall to begin their sit-in on December 3, 1964. His climactic words about "the operation of the machine" have been quoted widely ever since, out of context, as the existential emblem of the FSM.

Mario Savio
Mario Savio (December 8, 1942 – November 6, 1996) was an American activist and a key member of the Berkeley Free Speech Movement. He is most famous for his passionate speeches, especially the "Bodies Upon the Gears" address given at Sproul Hall, University of California, Berkeley on December 2, 1964.

Savio remains historically relevant as an icon of the earliest phase of the 1960s counterculture movement.
Xbills Ebenezer
Xbills Ebenezer (born Annor Ebenezer) is a Ghanaian music video director and filmmaker. He is the founder and CEO of Xpress Philms, a production company that specialises in production of film, television, and music video. Xbills has directed music videos for recording artists across an array of genres including, Bisa Kdei, Shatta Wale, Becca, Kofi Kinaata, Edem, Eazzy, Gurunkz, VVIP, Obrafour, Dobble, AK Songstress, Tic Tac, Sarkodie, Jupitar, and more.

Kofi Kinaata
Martin King Arthur (born 15 April 1990), popularly known as Kofi Kinaata, is a Ghanaian musician and songwriter from Takoradi. Known for his Fante rap and freestyle, he is often referred to by the moniker of Fante Rap God (FRG).
Gatún Formation
The Gatún Formation (Tg) is a geologic formation in the Colón and Panamá Provinces of central Panama. The formation crops out in and around the Panama Canal Zone. The coastal to marginally marine sandstone, siltstone, claystone, tuff and conglomerate formation dates to the latest Serravallian to Tortonian (Clarendonian to Hemphillian in the NALMA classification), from 12 to 8.5 Ma. It preserves many fossils, among others, megalodon teeth have been found in the formation.

Panamá Province
Panamá is a province of Panama. It is the location of the national capital Panama City, which also serves as the provincial capital. The governor of the province is Mayín Correa, appointed by President José Raul Mulino.
Georgia State Route 257
State Route 257 (SR 257) is a southwest–to–northeast state highway located in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels from Cordele to Dublin, via Hawkinsville. Its routing is located within portions of Crisp, Dooly, Wilcox, Pulaski, Bleckley, Dodge, and Laurens counties.

SR 257 was the basis for a proposed connector route for I-75, Interstate 175 that would have connected Albany and Cordele on a more easterly routing.

Central Georgia
Central Georgia, also known as Middle Georgia, is an eleven-county region in the U.S. state of Georgia. It abuts the Atlanta metropolitan area, just to the north, and is anchored by both the Macon and Warner Robins metropolitan areas.
The House Under the Water (TV series)
The House Under the Water is a British historical television drama series, which originally aired on BBC One in eight parts during 1961. It is an adaptation of the 1932 novel The House Under the Water by Francis Brett Young, which portrays the late nineteenth century flooding of the Elan Valley in Wales to create a water supply for the rapidly growing city of Birmingham.

All eight episodes are now considered to be lost.

Elan Valley
The Elan Valley (Welsh: Cwm Elan) is a river valley situated to the west of Rhayader, in Powys, Wales, sometimes known as the "Welsh Lake District". It covers 70 square miles (180 km2) of lake and countryside.

The valley contains the Elan Valley Reservoirs and Elan Village, designed by architect Herbert Tudor Buckland as part of the same scheme. Elan Village is the only purpose-built Arts and Crafts "Model Village" in Wales.

The area is known for its scenery, and over 80% of the valley is designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest. A cycle trail, the Elan Valley Trail, makes a loop from Rhayader around the reservoirs. Part of the cycle trail overlaps with a spur of National Cycle Route 81 (Lon Cambria).

As of 2015 it is an International Dark Sky Park.
Changhsingian
In the geologic time scale, the Changhsingian or Changxingian is the latest age or uppermost stage of the Permian period and the Paleozoic era as a whole. It is also the upper or latest of two subdivisions of the Lopingian Epoch or Series. The Changhsingian lasted from 254.14 to 251.902 Ma ago. It is preceded by the Wuchiapingian age/stage and is followed by the Induan age/stage (Early Triassic epoch).

The greatest mass extinction in the Phanerozoic eon, the Permian–Triassic extinction event, occurred around the end of this age.

Conodont
Conodonts are an extinct group of marine jawless vertebrates belonging to the class Conodonta (from Ancient Greek κῶνος (kōnos), meaning "cone", and ὀδούς (odoús), meaning "tooth"). They are primarily known from their hard, mineralised tooth-like structures called "conodont elements" that in life were present in the oral cavity and used to process food. Rare soft tissue remains suggest that they had elongate eel-like bodies with large eyes. Conodonts were a long-lasting group with over 300 million years of existence from the Cambrian (over 500 million years ago) to the beginning of the Jurassic (around 200 million years ago). Conodont elements are highly distinctive to particular species and are widely used in biostratigraphy as indicative of particular periods of geological time.
Experimental factor ontology
Experimental factor ontology, also known as EFO, is an open-access ontology of experimental variables particularly those used in molecular biology. The ontology covers variables which include aspects of disease, anatomy, cell type, cell lines, chemical compounds and assay information. EFO is developed and maintained at the EMBL-EBI as a cross-cutting resource for the purposes of curation, querying and data integration in resources such as Ensembl, ChEMBL and Expression Atlas.

Immortalised cell line
An immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism that would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods in vitro. The mutations required for immortality can occur naturally or be intentionally induced for experimental purposes. Immortal cell lines are a very important tool for research into the biochemistry and cell biology of multicellular organisms. Immortalised cell lines have also found uses in biotechnology.

An immortalised cell line should not be confused with stem cells, which can also divide indefinitely, but form a normal part of the development of a multicellular organism.
Xavier Rohart
Xavier Charles René Rohart (born 1 July 1968) is a French sailor. A member of the YC La Pelle in Marseille, he is now competing in the Star class. He won a bronze medal in the Star class with Pascal Rambeau at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and has also competed at four other Olympics. Born in Thionville, he is a two-time world champion and is a founder of the Star Sailors League. He now sails with Pierre-Alexis Ponsot.

Finn (dinghy)
The Finn dinghy is a single-handed, cat-rigged sailboat, and a former Olympic class for men's sailing.  Since its debut at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, the Finn featured in every summer Olympics until 2020, making it the longest serving dinghy in the Olympic Regatta and one of the most prolific Olympic sailboats,. The Finn is a physically demanding boat to race at the highest levels, especially since the class rules now allow unlimited boat rocking and sail pumping when the wind is above 10 knots. The event did not feature on the Olympic programme from 2024.
Anemone Geyser
Anemone Geyser is a geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Anemone is actually two closely related geysers. The larger of the two is known as Big or North Anemone while the smaller is known as Little or South Anemone. The two geysers were named after the anemone flower by the Hague Party in 1904. Both vents have a pale yellow color and shape similar to the flower.

Anemone
Anemone (/əˈnɛməniː/) is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are commonly called windflowers. They are native to the temperate and subtropical regions of all regions except Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica. The genus is closely related to several other genera including Anemonoides, Anemonastrum,  Hepatica, and Pulsatilla. Some botanists include these genera within Anemone.
The Metamorph
"The Metamorph" is the first episode of the second series of Space: 1999 (and the twenty-fifth overall episode of the programme). The screenplay was written by Johnny Byrne; the director was Charles Crichton. Previous titles were "The Biological Soul" and "The Biological Computer".  The final shooting script is dated 19 January 1976. Live-action filming took place from Monday 26 January 1976 through Monday 16 February 1976.

Charles Crichton
Charles Ainslie Crichton (6 August 1910 – 14 September 1999) was an English film director and editor.

Born in Wallasey, Cheshire, he became best known for directing many comedies produced at Ealing Studios and had a 40-year career editing and directing many films and television programmes. For his final film, the acclaimed comedy A Fish Called Wanda (1988), Crichton was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay (along with the film's star John Cleese).
Papadiamantopoulos
Papadiamantopoulos (Greek: Παπαδιαμαντόπουλος) is a surname of Greek origin meaning "Son of Papadiamantis". The feminine form is Papadiamantopoulou (Greek: Παπαδιαμαντόπουλου) meaning "Son of Papadiamantis or Son of Papadiamantopoulos" People having this surname include:

Ioannis Papadiamantopoulos (elder) (1766–1826), Greek revolutionary leader

Jean Moréas (born Ioannis A. Papadiamantopoulos), poet

Jean Moréas
Jean Moréas (French: [ʒɑ̃ mɔʁeɑs, -as]; born Ioannis A. Papadiamantopoulos, Ιωάννης Α. Παπαδιαμαντόπουλος; 15 April 1856 – 31 March 1910) was a Greek poet, essayist, and art critic, who wrote mostly in the French language but also in Greek during his youth.
Bellows Air Force Station
Bellows Air Force Station (Bellows Field) is a United States military reservation located in Waimanalo, Hawaii. Once an important air field during World War II, the reservation now serves as a military training area and recreation area for active and retired military and civilian employees of the Department of Defense. Bellows AFS is operated by Detachment 2, 18th Mission Support Group based at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan. Located on the opposite side of Oahu is the similar Pililaau Army Recreation Center, part of the Armed Forces Recreation Centers system.

Military base
A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. A military base always provides accommodations for one or more units, but it may also be used as a command center, training ground or proving ground. In most cases, military bases rely on outside help to operate. However, certain complex bases are able to endure on their own for long periods because they are able to provide food, drinking water, and other necessities for their inhabitants while under siege. Bases for military aviation are called air bases. Bases for military ships are called naval bases.
Metro Alpin
The Metro Alpin is an underground funicular situated above the Swiss town of Saas Fee, in the canton of Valais. Opened in 1984, it links the Felskinn cable-car station (2,980 metres or 9,777 feet MSL) on the shore of the Fee Glacier to the Mittelallalin (3,456 metres or 11,339 feet) in the north flank of the Allalinhorn. The Felskinn–Mittelallalin Tunnel has a length of 1,749 metres (5,738 ft), with an altitude difference of 476 metres (1,562 ft) between the two stations.

The Metro Alpin is the highest funicular in the world. Being a fully underground railway, it is also considered the highest subway in the world.

Fee Glacier
The Fee Glacier (German: Feegletscher) is a 4.7 km (2.9 mi) long glacier (2005) situated in the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. In 1973, it had a length of 5.0 km (3.1 mi) and an area of 7.5 km2 (2.9 sq mi). It lies east of the Mischabel range, between the summit of Dom on the north and Allalinhorn on the south. The glacier is accessible via the Mittelallalin cable car and is used as a ski area.
Sylva Zalmanson
Sylva Zalmanson (Russian: Сильва Залмансон, Hebrew: סילווה זלמנסון; born Siberia, 1944) is a Soviet-born Jewish Prisoner of Zion, human rights activist, artist and engineer who made aliyah to Israel in 1974.

Sylva Zalmanson was most memorable with the stringing and hunting effect, not heard since the publication of Anne Frank's diary of a young girl

Prisoner of Zion
In Israel, prisoners of Zion (Hebrew: אֲסִירֵי צִיּוֹן, asirei Zion, singular: Hebrew: אסיר ציון, asir Zion) were Jews who were imprisoned or deported for Zionist activity in countries where such activity was prohibited. The former Speaker of the Knesset, Yuli Edelstein, and the former chairman of the executive of the Jewish Agency, Nathan Sharansky, were both prisoners of Zion in the Soviet Union. In 1992 an Israeli law made the status of the prisoner of Zion official; however, the status was in use long before.
George McManus (politician)
George John McManus (1806 – October 18, 1887) was an Ontario political figure. He represented Cardwell in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal-Conservative Party Member of Provincial Parliament from 1871 to 1874.

McManus was born in Mountnugent, Kilbride Parish, County Cavan, Ireland, grew up there and settled in Mono Township in the summer of 1829. He was reeve for the township (1851-1873) and served as warden for Simcoe County in 1859. McManus was named superintendent of schools in 1844 and also served as justice of the peace (appointed clerk, Simcoe Co. 8th Division Court, 1848) and a lieutenant-colonel in the local militia. In 1831, he married Anne Carson (9 children) and later married Alice Ann Kells (0 children) in 1866 after Anne's death.

County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.
Tancua
Tancua is a village in the department of Jura in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. Formerly a separate municipality, it was merged with Morbier on 1 January 2007. Its inhabitants are known as Quewans.

Tancua was, until well into the 20th century, mainly agricultural, especially for livestock breeding and dairy farming, with somewhat of a logging industry.

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.