hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stanley Lewis
Stanley Lewis is the name of:

J. E. Stanley Lewis (1888–1970), mayor of Ottawa, 1936–1948

C. Stanley Lewis, artist, Guggenheim Fellow

Stanley Lewis (sculptor) (1930–2006), Montreal sculptor, 1930–2004

Stanley Cornwell Lewis (1905–2009), British portrait painter and illustrator

Stan Lewis (record label owner) (1927–2018), American record label owner and songwriter

Stanley Lewis (sculptor)
Stanley Lewis was a Jewish Canadian sculptor, photographer and an internationally renowned art teacher born on March 28, 1930, in Montreal. His works are held in many public collections such as the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, and the National Gallery of Canada, as well as in numerous private collections. Since the 1950, Lewis' sculptures and lithographic works have been displayed in the galleries and museums around the world in cities such as Paris, Florence, New York City, and Mexico City.

Lewis died on August 14, 2006, at the Montreal Jewish General Hospital due to a heart failure.

He is survived by his sister, Sheila Lewis Kanter, and his daughter, Alyssa (Reid) Savage.
Çatalan Bridge
The Çatalan Bridge (Turkish: Çatalan Köprüsü), also known as the West Bridge (Turkish: Batı Köprüsü), is a 1,575 m (5,167 ft) long bridge crossing the Seyhan Dam Lake in Adana, Turkey. The bridge connects the city of Adana to the villages and vacation homes north of the lake. Despite crossing the Seyhan Dam Lake, the bridge is named after the Çatalan Dam, which is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) north and the next dam upstream on the Seyhan River. The Çatalan bridge was the longest bridge in Turkey from its construction in 1998 to 2007, when it was surpassed by Viaduct No. 1 near Bolu and the longest bridge crossing a body of water until 2016, when it was surpassed by the Osman Gazi Bridge near Gebze.

Construction was started in 1998 by a consortium of three companies: Lurgi Bamag, STFA and ALKE. The bridge opened to traffic on 17 June 2002.

Bolu
Bolu is a city in northern Turkey, and administrative center of the Bolu Province and of Bolu District, located on the highway between Istanbul and Ankara. Its population is 184,682 (2021).

The city has been governed by mayor Tanju Özcan (CHP) since local elections in 2019. It was the site of Ancient Claudiopolis and has also been called Eskihisar ("old fortress") (and as such has several Turkish namesakes).

The old highway (D-100) between Ankara and Istanbul climbs over Mount Bolu, while the new motorway (E-80) passes through Mount Bolu Tunnel, a little distance from the town. It is situated at 742 m (2,434 ft) above sea level on the southern slopes of a bare hill.
Parliamentary League for Considering LGBT Issues
The League of Diet Members for Considering LGBT Issues (LGBTに関する課題を考える議員連盟, LGBT ni Kana Kadai wo Kangaeru Giin Renmei) is a bipartisan group of Japanese Diet members established on March 17, 2015. Its abbreviation is LGBT Giren (LGBT Giren).

The chairman has been Takeshi Iwaya ( Liberal Democratic Party ) since February 15, 2023.

Takeshi Iwaya
Takeshi Iwaya (岩屋 毅, Iwaya Takeshi; born 24 August 1957) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party. He is a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet, or national legislature, and was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2024 to 2025. He served as the Minister of Defense from 2 October 2018 to 11 September 2019.
1996 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1996 were appointments by most of the sixteen Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 29–30 December 1995 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1996 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the Cook Islands, The Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, and Antigua and Barbuda.

Department for Education and Skills (United Kingdom)
The Department for Education and Skills (DfES) was a United Kingdom government department between 2001 and 2007,  responsible for the education system (including higher education and adult learning) as well as children's services in England.

The department was led by Secretary of State for Education and Skills.

The DfES had offices at four main locations: London (both at the Sanctuary Buildings and Caxton House), Sheffield (Moorfoot),  Darlington (Mowden Hall), and Runcorn (Castle View House). The DfES was also represented in regional Government Offices.

The DfES had jurisdiction only in England as education was the responsibility of the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and the Northern Ireland Assembly.

On 28 June 2007, the DfES was split up into the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. The DCSF was later reorganised as the Department for Education in 2010.
Sant'Ambrogio (Milan Metro)
Sant'Ambrogio is an underground station on Line 2 and Line 4 of the Milan Metro. It was opened on 30 October 1983 as part of the extension of line 2 from Cadorna to Porta Genova. The station takes the name from nearby Basilica of Saint Ambrose.

The station is located at the intersection of Via Giosuè Carducci and Via San Vittore, in Municipality 1, close to the Catholic University and the Milan National Museum of Science and Technology.

It is one of the stations on Line 2 with no central support columns between the two tracks, similarly to Moscova and Loreto.

Since 12 October 2024, the station serve as a transfer point between lines 2 and 4, through an open-air passage next to the Saint Ambrose Postern.

Milan Metro Line 4
Line 4 is an underground rapid transit line in Milan, Italy, part of the Milan Metro. 
The line is 15.2 km (9.4 mi) long with 21 stations.

The line was opened in stages between 2022 and 2024. It features automatic driverless trains and is designed for a capacity of 24–28,000 passengers per hour in each direction.
The expected annual ridership is 87 million.
SAM-IV riboswitch
SAM-IV riboswitches are a kind of riboswitch that specifically binds S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a cofactor used in many methylation reactions.  Originally identified by bioinformatics, SAM-IV riboswitches are largely confined to the Actinomycetales, an order of Bacteria.  Conserved features of SAM-IV riboswitch and experiments imply that they probably share a similar SAM-binding site to another class of SAM-binding riboswitches called SAM-I riboswitches.  However, the scaffolds of these two types of riboswitch appear to be quite distinct.  The structural relationship between these riboswitch types has been studied.

Actinomycetales
The Actinomycetales is an order of Actinomycetota. A member of the order is often called an actinomycete. Actinomycetales are generally gram-positive and anaerobic and have mycelia in a filamentous and branching growth pattern. Some actinomycetes can form rod- or coccoid-shaped forms, while others can form spores on aerial hyphae. Actinomycetales bacteria can be infected by bacteriophages, which are called actinophages. Actinomycetales can range from harmless bacteria to pathogens with resistance to antibiotics.
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV family
In molecular biology, the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV family is a family of serine peptidases which belong to MEROPS peptidase family S9 (clan SC), subfamily S9B (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV). The protein fold of the peptidase domain for members of this family resembles that of serine carboxypeptidase D, the type example of clan SC. The type example of this family is Dipeptidyl peptidase-4.

Human proteins in this family are:

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4

Dipeptidyl peptidase 8

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9

Inactive dipeptidyl peptidase 10

Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6

Seprase

Serine
Serine
/ˈsɪəriːn/
(symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a hydroxymethyl group, classifying it as a polar amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.
Peschanoye, Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Peschanoye (Russian: Песчаное) is a rural locality (a selo) in Smidovichsky District, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. Population:  1,088 (2010 census); 1,076 (2002 census);  There are 15 streets in this selo.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan.

The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934. At its height, in the late 1940s, the Jewish population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population. Since then, the share of Jews steadily declined, and according to the 2021 Russian census, there were only 837 ethnic Jews left in the JAO (0.6%).

Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia provides that the JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast. It is one of two officially Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being Israel. It is one of the few places in the world where Yiddish is a recognized minority language.
Cho Zang-hee
Zang-Hee Cho (Korean: 조장희; born 1936) is a South Korean neuroscientist who developed the first Ring-PET scanner and the scintillation detector BGO. More recently, Cho developed the first PET-MRI fusion molecular imaging device for neuro-molecular imaging.

PET/MRI
Positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI, PET–MRI, or PET/MR) is a hybrid imaging technology that incorporates magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) soft tissue morphological imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) functional imaging.

The combination of PET and MRI was mentioned in a 1991 Phd thesis by R. Raylman. Simultaneous PET/MR detection was first demonstrated in 1997, however it took another 13 years, and new detector technologies, for clinical systems to become commercially available.
Izaak Duffy
Izaak Duffy (born 16 February 1989) is a Welsh rugby league footballer who currently plays for the West Wales Raiders in Kingstone Press League 1. He plays as prop.

Duffy is a Welsh international, playing in the 2014 European Championships, making his début against Scotland in Workington.

West Wales Raiders
The West Wales Raiders were a semi-professional rugby league club based in Llanelli, Wales. They competed in League 1, the third tier of the British rugby league system, from 2018 until 2022.

The club was founded in 2015 as an amateur club. In July 2017, owner Andrew Thorne bought League 1 club South Wales Ironmen, relocating them to Stebonheath Park in Llanelli. The Ironmen were renamed West Wales Raiders in 2018 and continued to play at Stebonheath Park.
Mycena albidocapillaris
Mycena albidocapillaris is a species of mushroom in the family Mycenaceae that is found in Australia. It was first described scientifically in 1933 by mycologist John Burton Cleland, who named it Mycena subcapillaris. The type collection was made in 1922 on Mount Lofty. It was later discovered that the name was invalid, as Paul Hennings use of that name in 1899 took precedence. Cheryl Grgurinovic and Tom May republished the species with the new replacement name Mycena albidocapillaris in 1997.

The small, delicate Fruit bodies of the fungus feature white to brownish caps measuring 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) in diameter, held by a slender translucent to whitish  stipe up to 30 mm (1.2 in) long. The gills on the cap underside are few and rather distantly spaced. The fungus fruits in groups on leaves, twigs and stigs, and decaying fern fronds.

Paul Christoph Hennings
Paul Christoph Hennings (November 27, 1841 – October 14, 1908) was a German mycologist and herbarium curator. He discovered the study of cryptogams and mushrooms as a volunteer at the botanical garden. Although circumstances initially prevented him to study in that area, he later returned to natural sciences and eventually rose to a position at the largest herbarium in Germany. Originally interested in all non-higher plants, he specialised into mushrooms and became particularly versed in tropical species sent from abroad.
University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Dentistry
The School of Dentistry is a dental school at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. The School of Dentistry is located on Hospital Hill in Kansas City, close to the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Truman Medical Center-Hospital Hill and Children's Mercy Hospital.

Children's Mercy Hospital
Children's Mercy is a 390-bed medical center in Kansas City, Missouri providing care for pediatric patients. The hospital's primary service area covers a 150-county area in Missouri and Kansas. Children's Mercy received national recognition from U.S. News & World Report in 9 out of 11 pediatric specialties. The hospital was the first in Missouri and Kansas to receive Magnet Recognition for Excellence in Nursing Services from the American Nurses Credentialing Center and has been re-designated six times.

Children's Mercy Adele Hall Campus is the primary location for Children's Mercy. The hospital was founded in 1897 by two sisters, a surgeon and a dentist. The hospital quickly grew and expanded its services to all children in the region. In fiscal year 2023, the hospital provided more than $155 million in uncompensated care, including charity care, unreimbursed Medicaid (and other means-tested government programs), and subsidized health services.
Brescia University
Brescia University is a private Catholic college in Owensboro, Kentucky, United States. It was founded as a junior college for women and is now a coeducational institution, offering undergraduate and master's programs.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Guilherme Melo (politician)
Guilherme Cavalcante de Melo (25 June 1952 – 21 April 2021) was a Brazilian politician, businessman, and lawyer. He served as Governor of Piauí, Vice-Governor of Piauí, and was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Piauí.

Legislative Assembly of Piauí
The Legislative Assembly of Piauí (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Piauí) is the unicameral legislature of the Brazilian state of Piauí. The assembly, which is seated in the state capital of Teresina, is composed of has 30 state deputies elected by proportional representation.
Tynemouth Lifeboat Station
Tynemouth Lifeboat Station is located overlooking the River Tyne at Fish Quay, North Shields, in the county of Tyne and Wear.

A lifeboat was first stationed across the River Tyne in South Shields in 1789, with a second lifeboat placed in North Shields in 1798, both operated by the Tyne Lifeboat Institution (TLI).

The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) currently operates a Severn-class lifeboat 17-34 Osier (ON 1263), on station since 2021, and a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat Little Susie (D-829), on station since 2018.

South Shields
South Shields (/ʃiːlz/) is a coastal port town in South Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England; it lies on the south bank of the mouth of the River Tyne. The town was known in Roman times as Arbeia and as Caer Urfa by the Early Middle Ages. It is the fourth largest settlement in Tyne and Wear, after Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland and Gateshead; in 2021, it had a population of 75,337.

Historically within the county of Durham, South Shields is south of North Shields and Tynemouth across the River Tyne; and east of Newcastle upon Tyne and Jarrow.
Simurghia
Simurghia is a genus of pterosaur from the Ouled Abdoun Basin of Morocco, a basin that dates to the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, about 66 million years ago. It was published in 2018 by paleontologists Nicholas R. Longrich, David M. Martill, and Brian Andres, along with two other pterosaurs from the same basin: Alcione and Barbaridactylus. The type species is S. robusta. A possible second species, S. ("Nyctosaurus") lamegoi, is known from the Campanian-Maastrichtian age strata of Brazil.

2018 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2018.
Pickapeppa Sauce
Pickapeppa Sauce, also known as Jamaican ketchup, is a brand-name Jamaican condiment, the main product of the Pickapeppa Company, founded in 1921. It is made in Shooters Hill, Jamaica, near Mandeville. The ingredients (in order on the product label) are cane vinegar, sugar, tomatoes, onions, raisins, sea salt, ginger, peppers, garlic, cloves, black pepper, thyme, mangoes, and orange peel, aged in oak barrels. The sauce is sweet, sour, and mildly spicy. The company makes several variants of the sauce, including mango and extra-hot Scotch bonnet pepper varieties.

One traditional use of the sauce is to pour it over a block of cream cheese, to be spread on crackers.

A noted fan of Pickapeppa sauce is supermodel Naomi Campbell, who carries a bottle with her.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Gov. Edward Kavanaugh House
The Gov. Edward Kavanagh House is a historic house on Maine State Route 215 in the Damariscotta Mills area of Newcastle, Maine. Built in 1803, it is a fine example of Federal period residential architecture, and is historically notable for its association with one of Maine's early Irish Catholic immigrants, James Kavanagh.  The house was later home to his son, Maine Governor Edward Kavanagh.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 3, 1974.

Newcastle, Maine
Newcastle is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,848 at the 2020 census. The village of Newcastle is located in the eastern part of the town, on the Damariscotta River.  Together with the village of Damariscotta linked by the Main Street bridge, they form the Twin Villages (see Damariscotta-Newcastle CDP).
Artūras Dubonis
Artūras Dubonis  (born July 23, 1962 in Vilnius) is a Lithuanian historian and Doctor of Humanities who works at the Lithuanian Institute of History. His main research interests are: Lithuanian Metrica research and publishing, Lithuanian history sources, Lithuanian society in the 13th–16th centuries, Lithuanian foreign policy in the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century.

Dubonis is known for criticism of Litvinism and Litvinistic theories by Belarusian historians such as Mikola Yermalovich and Alexander Kravtsevich which he describes as having nothing in common with the science of history. Dubonis also denies that Novogrudok was once the capital of Lithuania and describes this theory as "parasitic in Belarusian historiography" and "allegedly scientific".

Lithuanian Institute of History
The Lithuanian Institute of History (Lithuanian: Lietuvos istorijos institutas) is a state-funded research institution in Lithuania. Governed by national law, it is the country's main institution of history research, concentrating mostly on the history of Lithuania and its neighbouring states.

The institute employs 126 people; 64 of them have Ph.D. degrees and 4 are habilitated doctors. Its director is Rimantas Miknys. The institute is divided into 7 sections (archaeology, cities, ethnology, archaeography, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 19th century and 20th century). It also has its own library, collection of manuscripts, and publishing house. It was established in 1941 as a division of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.

As of 2007, the institute was working on 15 projects, main of them is 12-volume academic history of Lithuania. The institute publishes semi-annual journal Lietuvos istorijos metraštis and annual English journal Lithuanian Historical Studies.
Kokoretsi
Kokoretsi (Greek: κοκορέτσι) or kokoreç is a dish of the Balkans and Anatolia (Asia Minor), consisting of lamb or goat intestines wrapped around seasoned offal, including sweetbreads, hearts, lungs, or kidneys, and typically grilled; a variant consists of chopped innards cooked on a griddle. The intestines of suckling lambs are preferred.

Sweetbread
Sweetbread is a culinary name for the thymus or pancreas, typically from calf or lamb. Sweetbreads have a rich, slightly gamey flavour and a tender, succulent texture. They are often served as an appetizer or a main course and can be accompanied by a variety of sauces and side dishes. The etymology of the name is unclear.
Vaughan Road
Vaughan Road is a road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a contour collector road that is parallel to a buried creek to the north called Castle Frank Brook. Vaughan Road begins on Bathurst Street south of St. Clair Avenue West, then it becomes a north–south street, hence its address numbering system, then it becomes a northwest–southeast street.  Finally, Vaughan Road ends in a dead-end near Fairbank station at the intersection of Eglinton Avenue and Dufferin Street. Vaughan Road Academy is named after this road.

Urban stream
An urban stream is a waterway that flows through a densely populated, heavily developed area. Urbanized landscapes alter water flows into and within streams compared with pre-urbanized landscapes. Urban streams are often impaired in characteristic ways. The combination of impairments is referred to as "urban stream syndrome," and it includes pollution from urban stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflows. Urban streams tend to be "flashier" meaning they have more frequent and larger high flow and flooding events. These alterations to the stream typically lead to changes in the communities of organisms, favoring organisms with high tolerances of the degraded conditions.