hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalevi Mononen
Kalevi Mononen (25 March 1920 – 18 September 1996) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. He was born in Savonranta. He finished fifth in the 50 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.

Savonranta
Savonranta is a former municipality of Finland. It became part of Savonlinna in early 2009.

It was located in the province of Eastern Finland and was part of the South Savo region. The municipality had a population of 1,155 (2009) and covered an area of 568.59 km² of which 182.55 km² was water. The population density was 3.3 inhabitants per km².

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Kolovesi National Park, home of the Saimaa Ringed Seals – one of the most endangered seals in the world, was located in Savonranta and its neighbouring municipalities Enonkoski and Heinävesi.
Mattoon Giants
The Mattoon Giants were an Eastern Illinois League baseball team based in Mattoon, Illinois, USA, that played from 1907 to 1908. They were managed by Charles O'Day in 1907 and George Kiser in 1908.

The major league pitcher Grover Lowdermilk, who spent nine seasons at the big league level, played for them.

Grover Lowdermilk
Grover Cleveland "Slim" Lowdermilk (January 15, 1885 – March 31, 1968) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, St. Louis Browns, Detroit Tigers, Cleveland Indians and Chicago White Sox between 1909 and 1920. Lowdermilk batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Sandborn, Indiana.
BA postcode area
The BA postcode area, also known as the Bath postcode area, is a group of nineteen postcode districts in South West England, within sixteen post towns. These cover east Somerset (including Bath, Yeovil, Bruton, Castle Cary, Frome, Glastonbury, Radstock, Shepton Mallet, Street, Templecombe, Wells and Wincanton) and west Wiltshire (including Bradford on Avon, Trowbridge, Warminster and Westbury), plus very small parts of north-west Dorset and south Gloucestershire.

Westbury, Wiltshire
Westbury is a market town and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England. The town lies below the northwestern edge of Salisbury Plain, about 4 miles (6 km) south of Trowbridge and a similar distance north of Warminster.

Westbury was known for the annual Hill Fair where many sheep were sold in the 18th and 19th centuries; later growth came from the town's position at the intersection of two railway lines. The busy A350, which connects the M4 motorway with the south coast, passes through the town. The urban area has expanded to include the village of Westbury Leigh and the hamlets of Chalford and Frogmore.
William Ross Smyth
William Ross Smyth CBE (January 3, 1857 – September 7, 1932) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Algoma in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1902 to 1908 and Algoma East in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1917 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Thomroam, Tarves, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the son of Francis Smyth. In 1879, he married Nancy Burden. Smyth was a lumber merchant. He was also president of the Nancy Helen Mine. He led the 238th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year Honours.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Metropolitan Commission of Sewers
The Metropolitan Commission of Sewers was one of London's first steps towards bringing its sewer and drainage infrastructure under the control of a single public body. It was absorbed by the Metropolitan Board of Works on 1 January 1856.

Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal.

Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas may also carry industrial wastewater. In municipalities served by sanitary sewers, separate storm drains may convey surface runoff directly to surface waters. An advantage of sanitary sewer systems is that they avoid combined sewer overflows. Sanitary sewers are typically much smaller in diameter than combined sewers which also transport urban runoff. Backups of raw sewage can occur if excessive stormwater inflow or groundwater infiltration occurs due to leaking joints, defective pipes etc. in aging infrastructure.
Lugovaya Proleyka
Lugovaya Proleyka (Russian: Луговая Пролейка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Lugovoproleyskoye Rural Settlement, Bykovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,004 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

Bykovsky District
Bykovsky District (Russian: Бы́ковский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Bykovsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,410 square kilometers (1,320 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Bykovo. Population: 27,055 (2010 Census); 28,572 (2002 Census); 27,151 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bykovo accounts for 28.5% of the district's total population.
What's Happenin' (Method Man song)
"What's Happenin'" is a song by American rapper Method Man, released on March 30, 2004 as the lead single from his third studio album Tical 0: The Prequel (2004). It features American rapper Busta Rhymes and was produced by DJ Scratch. The song contains a sample of "Dum Maro Dum" by Asha Bhosle.

DJ Scratch
George Spivey (born June 21, 1968), known professionally as DJ Scratch, is an American hip hop DJ and producer from Brooklyn, New York.

DJ Scratch is the 1988 New Music Seminar Battle For World Supremacy DJ champion, the 2010 Master of the Mix winner and the 2012, 2013 & 2014 Global Spin Awards' "Turntablist of the Year". 19 albums produced by DJ Scratch were certified Gold in United States, seven of them were certified as Platinum.
Sarbeswar Mohanty (civil servant)
Sarbeswar Mohanty (1 July 1944 – 16 May 2021) was an Indian Administrative Service officer of Odisha cadre.
He had served as Commissioner cum Secretary, Labour & Employment Department, Government of Odisha, Secretary, Odisha Legislative Assembly,
and Director, Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha.
He had served as District Magistrate of 3 different districts Jagatsinghpur,
Khordha, and Kendrapara of the state of Odisha, India.
National Human Rights Commission of India placed on record its appreciation of the sincerity, dedication and commitment displayed by him as the Collector of Jagatsinghpur district in organising and executing relief and rehabilitation work after the super cyclone that struck Odisha in October 1999.

He was the President of the governing bodies of Alaka Mahavidyalaya. and Loknath Mohavidyalaya
He also worked as managing editor of Odia magazine Nabarabi.

Khordha district
Khordha district is an administrative district of the state of Odisha, India. It was formed on April 1, 1993, by the division of former Puri District into Puri, Khordha and Nayagarh districts. In the year 2000 the district name was changed to Khordha. The district headquarters is Khordha Town. The capital city of Bhubaneswar is located in this district. Khordha is the most urbanized of all the districts of Odisha.

Khordha Road, the railway station that serves the town, is also the divisional headquarters of the East Coast Railway of the Indian Railways, and contains its own division. Khordha is known for its brass utensils, cottage industries, railway coach manufacturing and cable manufacturing unit and counsumer food manufacturing unit of various MNCs like Coca-Cola, Pepsi,
Unilever, ITC etc.
Elementary cellular automaton
In mathematics and computability theory, an elementary cellular automaton is a one-dimensional cellular automaton where there are two possible states (labeled 0 and 1) and the rule to determine the state of a cell in the next generation depends only on the current state of the cell and its two immediate neighbors. There is an elementary cellular automaton (rule 110, defined below) which is capable of universal computation, and as such it is one of the simplest possible models of computation.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
GTRI Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory
The Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory is one of eight labs in the Georgia Tech Research Institute and one of three labs under the Electronics, Optics, and Systems directorate. It conducts basic and applied research into electro-optical topics and supports electro-optical education at the university level.

EOSL develops technology in the areas of electro-optical modeling and analysis, nanotechnology, microelectronics and phosphor development, remote sensing, acoustics, and mechanical systems.  EOSL has numerous technology areas of preeminence that include LIDAR systems development, hyperspectral and multispectral imaging, ultraviolet/infrared stimulator development, countermeasures technology, microelectronics, and electro-optical modeling and analysis.

Countermeasure
A countermeasure is a measure or action taken to counter or offset another one. As a general concept, it implies precision and is any technological or tactical solution or system designed to prevent an undesirable outcome in the process. The first known use of the term according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary was in 1923.

Countermeasures can refer to the following disciplinary spectrum:

Medicine

Materials engineering

Electro-magnetic engineering

Policing

Information technology

International Law

Diplomatic security

Pollution prevention

Aviation

Defense countermeasures are often divided into "active" and "passive".
Eurodesk
Eurodesk is an international non-profit association created in 1990. It is a European network of European, national and local information centers for young people and those working with them.  It offers youth information on international learning and participation opportunities and is an organisation supported by the Erasmus+ programme (2014–2027).  In 2004, Eurodesk – in cooperation with the European Commission - launched the European Youth Portal.

Erasmus Programme
The Erasmus Programme is an educational programme named after Erasmus, combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport. It was created as the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students, a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987. The original idea for the programme was first developed in the 1960s by Italian pedagogist Sofia Corradi, who advocated for the official recognition of study periods abroad.
Çamlıdere, Mersin
Çamlıdere is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Toroslar, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 126 (2022). Çamlıdere lies along the highway which connects Mersin to Gözne and Arslanköy. The distance to Mersin is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). At the west of the village, there is an animal house for the street dogs of Mersin.

Toroslar
Toroslar is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,075 km2, and its population is 319,711 (2022). It covers the northern part of the city of Mersin and the adjacent countryside.
Atomtronics
Atomtronics is an emerging field concerning the quantum technology of matter-wave circuits which coherently guide propagating ultra-cold atoms. The systems typically include components analogous to those found in electronics, quantum electronics or optical systems; such as beam splitters, transistors, and atomic counterparts of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs). Applications range from studies of fundamental physics to the development of practical devices that extenuate towards the usage of quantum superfluids for the computational modeling techniques of large quantitative models for Artificial General Intelligence, upon which are implicated from research advancements through various computational techniques; Quantum Sciences.

SQUID
A SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) is a very sensitive magnetometer used to measure extremely weak magnetic fields, based on superconducting loops containing Josephson junctions.

SQUIDs are sensitive enough to measure magnetic fields as low as 5×10−18 T with a few days of averaged measurements (see orders of magnitude (magnetic field)). Their noise levels are as low as 3 fT·Hz−1⁄2. For comparison, a typical refrigerator magnet produces 10−2 T, and some processes in animals produce very small magnetic fields between 10−9 T and 10−6 T. SERF atomic magnetometers, invented in the early 2000s are potentially more sensitive and do not require cryogenic refrigeration but are orders of magnitude larger in size (~1 cm3) and must be operated in a near-zero magnetic field.
Franconia Railway
The Franconia Railway (German: Frankenbahn) is a 180-kilometre-long (110 mi) railway line in the north of the German state of Baden-Württemberg and the Bavarian province of  Lower Franconia that links Stuttgart and Würzburg. Its name comes from the fact that the majority of the line runs through Franconia. The first section of the line was opened in 1848 and is one of the oldest lines in Germany. The main line is now electrified and has been almost entirely upgraded to double-tracks.

Jagst
The Jagst (German pronunciation: [jakst] ⓘ) is a right tributary of the Neckar in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The source of this 190 km long river is in the hills east of Ellwangen, close to the Bavarian border. The Jagst winds through the towns of Ellwangen, Crailsheim, Kirchberg an der Jagst, Langenburg, Krautheim, Möckmühl and Neudenau. Near Bad Wimpfen, the Jagst flows into the Neckar, a few km downstream from the mouth of the river Kocher, that flows more or less parallel to the Jagst.

To the south of the river is the Harthausen Forest.
Baghdad Eyalet
Baghdad Eyalet (Arabic: إِيَالَةُ بَغْدَاد, Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بغداد, romanized: Eyālet-i Baġdād) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, with Baghdad serving as the administrative capital of Ottoman Iraq (Kürsi-i Hıtta-i Irakiyye). Its reported area in the 19th century was 62,208 square miles (161,120 km2).

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Circular 230
Circular 230 refers to Treasury Department Circular No. 230. This publication establishes the rules governing those who practice before the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS), including attorneys, certified public accountants (CPAs) and enrolled agents
(EAs).

The rules in Circular 230 also prohibit certain conduct. Penalties may be imposed for noncompliance. "Circular 230 is a hybrid document containing the rules, regulations, ethical/conduct provisions, and disciplinary procedures that apply to those who practice before the IRS." The rules in Circular 230 are codified as Title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Subtitle A, Part 10 (31 C.F.R. Part 10).

Title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations
CFR Title 31 - Money and Finance: Treasury is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 31 is the principal set of rules and regulations  issued by federal agencies of the United States regarding money, finance, and the treasury. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
HMS Test
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Test, after the River Test:

HMS Test (1905) was a River-class destroyer launched speculatively in 1905 and purchased in 1909. She was sold in 1919.

HMS Test (K239) was a River-class frigate launched in 1942. She was lent to the Royal Indian Navy between 1946 and 1947 as Neva, and was broken up in 1955.

River Test
The River Test is a chalk stream in Hampshire in the south of England. It rises at Ashe near Basingstoke and flows southwards for 40 miles (64 km) to Southampton Water. Settlements on the Test include the towns of Stockbridge and Romsey. The river's valley gives its name to the local government district of Test Valley. Below the village of Longparish, the river is broadly followed by the Test Way, a long-distance footpath.

Much of the Test is a 438-hectare (1,080-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is part of the Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar site and Special Protection Area. The river is used for fly fishing for trout from its source to its tidal limit.
2018 Scottish Open (snooker)
The 2018 Scottish Open (officially the 2018 BetVictor Scottish Open) was a professional ranking snooker tournament, that took place from 10 to 16 December 2018 at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow, Scotland. It is the tenth ranking event of the 2018/2019 season and a part of the Home Nations Series.

Neil Robertson was the defending champion, but he lost 2–4 to Ross Muir in the second round. The tournament was won by Mark Allen who beat Shaun Murphy in the final. Allen led 6–3, but then Murphy won four frames in a row to take a 7–6 lead. Allen, however, won the next three frames to win 9–7.

John Higgins made the ninth maximum break of his career in the third frame of his second-round victory over Gerard Greene.

Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome
The Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome, known for sponsorship reasons as the Emirates Arena, is an indoor arena and velodrome in Dalmarnock, Glasgow, Scotland. Built for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, these venues hosted the badminton and track cycling events. Situated opposite Celtic Park in the East End of Glasgow, the complex is also the headquarters of Scottish Cycling.
Marijke Groenewoud
Marijke Groenewoud (born 28 January 1999) is a Dutch long-distance long-track speed skater and inline speed skater. As a long-track speed skater she won a gold medal in the mass start and a silver medal in the team pursuit at the 2026 Winter Olympics, as well as a bronze medal in the team pursuit at the 2022 Winter Olympics. She was part of Team FrySk and of marathon team Royal A-ware. As of 2020 she is part of Team Zaanlander, trained by Jillert Anema.

Speed skating at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's team pursuit
The women's team pursuit competition in speed skating  at the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on 14 February (quarterfinals) and 17 February (semifinals and finals), at the Milano Speed Skating Stadium in Milan. Canada, represented by Ivanie Blondin, Valérie Maltais, and Isabelle Weidemann, won the event, successfully defending the title. The Netherlands were second, and Japan third.
Val Camonica witch trials
The Val Camonica witch trials were two large witch trials which took place in Val Camonica in Italy, in 1505–1510 and 1518–1521.

The best source for the trials is considered to be the Venetian Marin Sanudo, who was the chronicler to the Council of Ten from 1496 to 1536. The documentary evidence was destroyed by order of Giacinto Gaggia, the bishop of Brescia, to prevent it from being used by the anticlerical opposition.

Council of Ten
The Council of Ten (Italian: Consiglio dei Dieci; Venetian: Consejo de i Diexe), or simply the Ten, was from 1310 to 1797 one of the major governing bodies of the Republic of Venice. Elections took place annually and the Council of Ten had the power to impose punishments upon patricians. The Council of Ten had a broad jurisdictional mandate over matters of state security. The Council of Ten and the Full College constituted the inner circle of oligarchical patricians who effectively ruled the Republic of Venice.
Kala Bagan Krira Chakra
Kala Bagan Krira Chakra (also known as Kalabagan Krira Chakra) is a team that played List A cricket in the Dhaka Premier League from 2013–14 to 2017–18. Kalabagan is a suburb of Dhaka. "Kalabagan Krira Chakra" translates as "Kalabagan Sports Circle".

After the team finished last in 2017–18 it was demoted to the sub-List-A Dhaka First Division Cricket League, where it still plays.

Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League
The Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League, also known as the Dhaka Premier League, is a club List A tournament in Bangladesh which has been contested annually since the 1973–74 season. It has had List A status since the 2013–14 season. It is run by the Cricket Committee of Dhaka Metropolis.
Nunun
The 'nunun' is a Catalan wind instrument made from straw, with a tallet at one end which is taken between the lips and blown, producing a sweet tone. This tone is described by its onomatopoeic name.

The nunun was traditionally made in the fields by children at harvest-time; they would take wheat straw and carefully cut it to make small noisemakers known as nunun. The children knew how to cut the straws to produce a variety of tones, and would combine several nunun of different lengths to produce different notes.

Wind instrument
A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator (usually a tube) in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set at or near the end of the resonator. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube and by manual modifications of the effective length of the vibrating column of air. In the case of some wind instruments, sound is produced by blowing through a reed; others require buzzing into a metal mouthpiece, while yet others require the player to blow into a hole at an edge, which splits the air column and creates the sound.