hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swingometer
The swingometer is a graphics device that shows the effects of the swing from one party to another on British election results television programmes. It is used to estimate the number of seats that will be won by different parties, given a particular national swing (in percentage points) in the vote towards or away from a given party, and assuming that that percentage change in the vote will apply in each constituency. The device was invented by Peter Milne, and later refined by David Butler and Robert McKenzie.

Percentage point
A percentage point or percent point is the description for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). In written text, the unit (the percentage point) is usually either written out, or abbreviated as pp, p.p., or %pt. to avoid confusion with percentage increase or decrease in the actual quantity. After the first occurrence, some writers abbreviate by using just "point" or "points".
Mean curvature
In mathematics, the mean curvature  of a surface  is an extrinsic measure of curvature that comes from differential geometry and that locally describes the curvature of an embedded surface in some ambient space such as Euclidean space.

The concept was used by Sophie Germain in her work on elasticity theory, published 1831. Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier used it in 1776, in his studies of minimal surfaces. It is important in the analysis of minimal surfaces, which have mean curvature zero, and in the analysis of physical interfaces between fluids (such as soap films) which, for example, have constant mean curvature in static flows, by the Young–Laplace equation.

Divergence
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the rate that the vector field alters the volume in an infinitesimal neighborhood of each point. (In 2D this "volume" refers to area.) More precisely, the divergence at a point is the rate that the flow of the vector field modifies a volume about the point in the limit, as a small volume shrinks down to the point.

As an example, consider air as it is heated or cooled. The velocity of the air at each point defines a vector field. While air is heated in a region, it expands in all directions, and thus the velocity field points outward from that region. The divergence of the velocity field in that region would thus have a positive value. While the air is cooled and thus contracting, the divergence of the velocity has a negative value.
Goodbye (2022 film)
Goodbye is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language family comedy-drama film written and directed by Vikas Bahl and produced by Bahl, Viraj Savant, Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor under their banners Good Co, Balaji Motion Pictures and Saraswati Entertainment Pvt Ltd. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Rashmika Mandanna (in her Hindi film debut) and Neena Gupta with, Sunil Grover, Pavail Gulati, Ashish Vidyarthi, Payal Thapa, Elli AvrRam, Sahil Mehta, Shivin Narang, Shayank Shukla, newcomer Abhishekh Khan and Arun Bali play supporting roles. This film featured Arun Bali's last performance, who died on the day of the film's release.

Goodbye was theatrically released on 7 October 2022. Despite receiving positive response from critics, the film failed at the box office and finalised, as a box office bomb.

Balaji Motion Pictures
Balaji Motion Pictures is an Indian film production and distribution company, subsidiary company of Balaji Telefilms Limited, established by Shobha Kapoor and her daughter Ekta Kapoor. Located in Mumbai, it produces and distributes Hindi films. The chairman of the company is former Bollywood actor, Jeetendra Kapoor. In 2017, the company released its biography, Kingdom of the Soap Queen: The Story of Balaji Telefilms.
Novi di Modena
Novi di Modena (Novese: Nóv) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Modena in the Pianura Padana.

Province of Modena
The province of Modena (Italian: provincia di Modena) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Modena.
It has an area of 2,689 square kilometres (1,038 sq mi) and a total population of about 701,000 (2015). There are 48 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province (see list of comuni of the province of Modena). The largest after Modena are Carpi, Sassuolo, Formigine and Castelfranco Emilia.
Campaign streamer
Campaign streamers are decorations attached to military flags to recognize particular achievements or events of a military unit or service. Attached to the headpiece of the assigned flag, the streamer often is an inscribed ribbon with the name and date denoting participation in a particular battle, military campaign, or theater of war; the ribbon's colors are chosen accordingly and frequently match an associated campaign medal or ribbon bar. They often are physical manifestations of battle honours, though this does not mean all streamers are battle honours (for example, gala or parade streamers not connected to a battle). They should not be confused with a tassel, which is usually purely decorative in nature.

The armed forces of Germany, the United States and others have engaged in awarding streamers.  Historically Prussia, Austria-Hungary and the Soviet Union have also used streamers in this manner.

Ribbon
A ribbon or riband is a thin band of material, typically cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal, used primarily as decorative binding and tying. Cloth ribbons are made of natural materials such as silk, cotton, and jute and of synthetic materials, such as polyester, nylon, and polypropylene. Ribbon is used for useful, ornamental, and symbolic purposes. Cultures around the world use ribbon in their hair, around the body, and as ornament on non-human animals, buildings, and packaging. Some popular fabrics used to make ribbons are satin, organza, sheer, silk, velvet, and grosgrain.
Community Boating, Inc.
Community Boating, Inc. (CBI) is a private not-for-profit corporation founded in 1937 to teach sailing to those who would not typically have access. Located on the Charles River Esplanade between the Hatch Shell and the Longfellow Bridge, it is the oldest public sailing organization in the United States. It is also the largest; to date, they have had over half a million sailors use their organization.

Nonprofit corporation
A nonprofit corporation is any legal entity which has been incorporated under the law of its jurisdiction for purposes other than making profits for its owners or shareholders. Depending on the laws of the jurisdiction, a nonprofit corporation may seek official recognition as such, and may be taxed differently from for-profit corporations, and treated differently in other ways.
SP Chemicals
SP Chemicals, a Singapore-based company, is one of the largest ion-exchange membrane chlor-alkali producer and aniline producer in the PRC.  It was  listed on the Main Board of SGX-ST on 6 August 2003.

Ion-exchange membrane
An ion-exchange membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that transports certain dissolved ions, while blocking other ions or neutral molecules.

Ion-exchange membranes are therefore electrically conductive.  They are often used in desalination and chemical recovery applications, moving ions from one solution to another with little passage of water.

Important examples of ion-exchange membranes include the proton-exchange membranes, that transport H+ cations, and the anion exchange membranes used in certain alkaline fuel cells to transport OH− anions.
Sinead Jack
Sinead Jack Kısal (born Sinead Jack, 8 November 1993 in San Juan, Trinidad and Tobago) is a Trinidadian and Tobagonian-born Turkish female professional volleyball player. She plays as middle blocker. Currently,  she plays for the Turkish club Eczacıbaşı. In the past, she was a member of the Trinidad and Tobago women's national volleyball team. She has Turkish citizenship by marriage, and was selected to the Turkey women's national volleyball team.

Galatasaray S.K. (women's volleyball)
Galatasaray Daikin is the professional women's volleyball section of Galatasaray SK, a major sports club in Istanbul, Turkey. Galatasaray play their matches in the 7000-seat arena TVF Burhan Felek Sport Hall.
Gods of Debauchery
Gods of Debauchery is the third studio album by American symphonic metal band Seven Spires, released on September 10, 2021. While the album's sound is generally symphonic metal, the songs lean into different genres like extreme metal, power metal, pop, progressive, and film score.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Benga language
Benga is a Bantu language spoken by the Benga people of Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It has a dialectal variation called Bapuku. Benga speakers inhabit a small coastal portion of Río Muni, the Cape of San Juan, suburban enclaves of Rio Benito and Bata, the islands of Corisco, Small Elobey and Great Elobey.

Bata, Equatorial Guinea
Bata (Spanish: [ˈbata] ⓘ) is a port city in the Litoral province of Equatorial Guinea and the most populous city in the country, with a population of 309,345 at the 2015 census. The city, formely the capital of Equatorial Guinea, lies on the Atlantic coast of Río Muni. The city is a transport hub, with ferry connections to Malabo and Douala and the second largest airport of the country, Bata Airport. Bata is also known for its nightlife and market.
2000 Hamilton, Ontario, municipal election
The 2000 Hamilton municipal election was a municipal election held on November 13, 2000, to elect municipal officials for the City of Hamilton. On election day, Hamiltonians elected a mayor, 15 city councillors, and trustees for the Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board, Hamilton-Wentworth Catholic District School Board, Conseil scolaire Viamonde, and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir. This was the first election of the "New" City of Hamilton after the dissolution of the Region of Hamilton-Wentworth and the amalgamation of Dundas, Stoney Creek, Flamborough, Ancaster, Glanbrook, and Waterdown with the existing city of Hamilton.

The amalgamation dissolved the independent councils of each suburban municipality and reduced the number of councillors elected in each ward from two to one.

Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir
Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (also referred to as Csc MonAvenir) is a French-language Catholic school board that manages elementary and secondary French schools in South-Central Ontario. The school board operates 47 elementary schools, 12 secondary schools, and two combined institutions within that area; in all major cities, including throughout the GTA. Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir is headquartered in the Centre d'éducation catholique Omer-Deslauriers (Omer Deslauriers Centre of Catholic Education) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The school board was formed in 1998 after several local school boards were amalgamated into the French-language Separate District School Board No. 64. From 1999 to 2017, the school board was known as the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud. The school board adopted its current name in 2017.
Hamid Algar
Hamid Algar (born September 21, 1940) is a British-American Professor Emeritus of Persian studies at the Faculty of Near Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley. He writes on Islamic topics, Persian and Arabic literature and the history of Iran, Turkey, the Balkans and Afghanistan. He served on the UC Berkeley faculty for 45 years, 1965 to 2010. Algar remains an active scholar and his research has concentrated on the Islamic history of the Perso-Turkish world, with particular emphasis on Iranian Shi'ism during the past two centuries, and the Naqshbandi Sufi order.

Algar, who was born in England, first converted to Sunni Islam and later chose to follow Shia Islam. He has also translated books written by contemporary Shi'i theologians, like Ruhollah Khomeini's book Islamic Government (Velayat-e Faqih) and works by Ali Shariati, Morteza Motahhari, Mahmoud Taleqani and Mujtaba Musavi Lari.

Mahmoud Taleghani
Mahmoud Alaei Taleghani (Persian: محمود علایی طالقانی, pronunciationⓘ, also romanized as Mahmūd Tāleqānī; 5 March 1911 – 9 September 1979) was an Iranian theologian, Muslim reformer, democracy advocate, a senior Shia Islamic scholar and thinker of Iran, and a leader in his own right of the movement against Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. A founding member of the Freedom Movement of Iran, he has been described as a representative of the tendency of many "Shia clerics to blend Shia with Marxist ideals in order to compete with leftist movements for youthful supporters" during the 1960s and 1970s. His "greatest influence" has been said to have been in "his teaching of Quranic exegesis," as many later revolutionaries were his students.

He was Tehran's first Friday Prayer Imam after the Iranian Revolution.
Argentine Handball Confederation
The Argentine Handball Confederation (CAH) (Spanish: Confederación Argentina de Handball) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in the Argentine Republic. Founded on 15 October 1921, CAH is affiliated to the International Handball Federation and the South and Central America Handball Confederation. CAH is also affiliated to the Argentine Olympic Committee. It is based in Buenos Aires.

South and Central America Handball Confederation
The South and Central America Handball Confederation (SCAHC) (Spanish: Confederación Sur y Centro Americana de Balonmano (COSCABAL)) is the governing body of the Olympic sport of Handball and Beach handball in South America and Central America. It is affiliated to the International Handball Federation (IHF).

SCAHC has 19 members countries located within the South America and Central America. One of IHF's six continental confederations, the SCAHC was formed officially on 5 April 2019 in Cali (Colombia). The SCAHC headquarter is located in Santiago de Chile (Chile).
2021 Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas
The 2021 Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas (officially known as the Red Bull Grand Prix of the Americas) was the fifteenth round of the 2021 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It was held at the Circuit of the Americas in Austin on October 3, 2021.

The race weekend was notable for its Moto3 race, with the race being red-flagged twice due to two separate incidents, involving Filip Salač, Deniz Öncü, Andrea Migno, Jeremy Alcoba and Pedro Acosta. The final results have been taken into account after seven completed laps. Unlike Salač, the other riders were classified, despite the red flag.

As a consequence, Öncü was banned from the next two rounds as he was deemed responsible for causing the second red flag from race direction. However, Izan Guevara took his first victory on Grand Prix motorcycling level.

Andrea Migno
Andrea Migno (born 10 January 1996) is an Italian former Grand Prix motorcycle racer. Migno has also been a competitor in the Italian Honda 125GP Trofeo, the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup, and the CEV 125GP Championship.

Migno is now a rider coach and video analyst for VR46 Racing Team.
Iowa Democratic Party
The Iowa Democratic Party (IDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa.

The party organizes the Democratic Iowa presidential caucuses. In recent years, the party has lost ground in the state, holding no congressional seats from Iowa, superminorities in both houses of the state legislature, and only one out of seven statewide elected officials.

Iowa's 3rd congressional district
Iowa's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Iowa that covers its southwestern quadrant, which roughly consists of an area stretching from Des Moines to the borders with Missouri.

From 2013 to 2023, the district covered the southwestern corner of the state, from the Des Moines metropolitan area on the northeastern end to the greater Council Bluffs area on the southwestern end.

The district has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by Republican Zach Nunn since 2023. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+2, it is the least Republican leaning district of Iowa’s four congressional districts, a state currently represented in Congress only by Republicans. It is also the wealthiest congressional district in the state of Iowa.
Roseč
Roseč is a municipality and village in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Roseč lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Jindřichův Hradec, 37 km (23 mi) north-east of České Budějovice, and 112 km (70 mi) south of Prague.

Jindřichův Hradec
Jindřichův Hradec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪndr̝ɪxuːf ˈɦradɛts] ⓘ; German: Neuhaus) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 21,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism
The International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism (AIEST, Association internationale d'experts scientifiques du tourisme ) is an international organisation of scientific and practical experts in tourism. It was founded in 1951. The proceedings of its annual conference have been published in journals including Journal of Travel Research and Anatolia.

It published the journal Tourism Review until 2016. The journal is now published by Emerald.

Anatolia (journal)
Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research is a journal in the field of tourism and hospitality. It is published by Routledge and is indexed in databases including Scopus, Emerging Sources Citation Index, International Bibliography of Periodical Literature and CAB International's Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Abstracts. It was established in 1990.
Tipson–Cohen reaction
The Tipson–Cohen reaction is a name reaction first discovered by Stuart Tipson and Alex Cohen at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington D.C. The Tipson–Cohen reaction occurs when two neighboring secondary sulfonyloxy groups in a sugar molecule are treated with zinc dust (Zn) and sodium iodide (NaI) in a refluxing solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to give an unsaturated carbohydrate.

Sulfonic acid
In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O)2−OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O)2(OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide.  A sulfonic acid can be thought of as sulfuric acid with one hydroxyl group replaced by an organic substituent. The parent compound (with the organic substituent replaced by hydrogen) is the parent sulfonic acid, HS(=O)2(OH), a tautomer of sulfurous acid, S(=O)(OH)2. Salts or esters of sulfonic acids are called sulfonates.
Sven Roosen
Sven Roosen (born 27 July 2001) is a Dutch decathlete. He is a two-time medalist at the European Athletics U23 Championships, winning the silver medal in 2021 and the bronze medal in 2023. He finished fourth overall in the decathlon at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

2021 European Athletics U23 Championships
The 2021 European Athletics U23 Championships were the 13th edition of the biennial athletics competition between European athletes under the age of twenty-three. It was planned to be held in Bergen, Norway from 8 to 11 July., but this venue was cancelled for Covid pandemic reasons.  Initially it was intended that the event would be postponed and held in another venue after the 2020 Olympic Games. Eventually the original dates were retained, and Tallinn, Estonia was chosen as the venue. This meant that Tallinn hosted two age-group championships in successive weeks: after the European Athletics U23 Championships, the Kadriorg Stadium also hosted between 15 and 18 July the European Athletics U20 Championships. For the first time in 13 editions, Italian team topped the medal table.
Shoreham (electoral division)
50°50′51″N 0°16′31″W﻿ / ﻿50.84746°N 0.27517°W﻿ / 50.84746; -0.27517

Shoreham is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom, and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council.

West Sussex County Council
West Sussex County Council is the upper tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex in England.

The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 158 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The chief executive and directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.

Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party.
Rhinebeck Central School District
Rhinebeck Central School District (Rhinebeck CSD) is a school district primarily in the Town of Rhinebeck in the Hudson Valley region of the U.S. state of New York. The district is situated along the East Bank of the Hudson River and is approximately 90 miles north of New York City, and 61 miles south of Albany, approximately 26 miles south of Hudson, and 18 miles north of Poughkeepsie.

The district operates three schools; one primary, middle, and secondary school each. Throughout the district, there are about 963 students and 107 teachers. It entirely encompasses the Town of Rhinebeck, while also stretching into the towns of Red Hook, Milan, Clinton, and upper Hyde Park.

50% of the students are male, and the remaining 50 are female. 83% of the students are white, while the remaining 17% are a variety of races. 21% of the students come from low-income families, and 2% are learning English.

Hudson, New York
Hudson is a city in and the county seat of Columbia County, New York, United States. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,894. On the east side of the Hudson River, 120 miles (190 km) from the Atlantic Ocean, it was named after the river's explorer, Henry Hudson.

Often called the "Brooklyn of Upstate New York", Hudson is a tourist destination known for its antique shops and boutiques.
Night of the Swallow
"Night of the Swallow" is a 1982 song by Kate Bush. Written and produced by Bush, it was included on the album The Dreaming. The song has an Irish theme and features many Irish musicians and instruments. It was released as a single in Ireland in November 1983, making it the fifth release from the album.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.