hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JADE (planning system)
The Joint Assistant for Development and Execution (abbr.  JADE) is a U.S. military system used for planning the deployment of military forces in crisis situations.

The U.S. military developed this automated planning software system in order to expedite the creation of the detailed planning needed to deploy military forces for a military operation. JADE uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology combining user input, a knowledge base of stored plans, and suggestions by the system to provide the ability to develop large-scale and complex plans in minimal time.

Global Command and Control System
Global Command and Control System (GCCS) is the United States' armed forces DoD joint command and control (C2) system used to provide accurate, complete, and timely information for the operational chain of command for U.S. armed forces.  "GCCS" is most often used to refer to the computer system, but actually consists of hardware, software, common procedures, appropriation, and numerous applications and interfaces that make up an "operational architecture" that provides worldwide connectivity with all levels of command.  GCCS incorporates systems that provide situational awareness, support for intelligence, force planning, readiness assessment, and deployment applications that battlefield commanders require to effectively plan and execute joint military operations.
NGC 5559
NGC 5559 is a barred spiral galaxy, located 240 million light-years away in the constellation of Boötes. It was discovered on April 10, 1785, by the astronomer William Herschel.

In 2001, a type Ib supernova was detected within NGC 5559, and was subsequently designated SN 2001co. However, in 2003, the supernova was identified as a calcium-rich supernova, as it had strong spectral lines characteristic of calcium. The progenitors of these calcium-rich supernovae are still a mystery.

Spectral line
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These "fingerprints" can be compared to the previously collected ones of atoms and molecules, and are thus used to identify the atomic and molecular components of stars and planets, which would otherwise be impossible.
Green Scouts
Green Scouts can refer to:

Green Scouting

De grønne pigespejdere (The Green Girl Guides), \member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts via Pigespejdernes Fællesråd Danmark. The word green refers to the colour of the Guides' uniforms, and is not a political statement.

Abkhazian Green Scouts Youth Organization, Abkhazia, Georgia

Global Movement of Green Scouts, New Delhi, India

Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia
Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia (Georgian: საქართველოს სკაუტური მოძრაობის ორგანიზაცია; 'Georgian Organization of the Scout Movement'), the national Scouting organization of Georgia, was founded in 1994, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1997. The coeducational Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia has 1,343 members as of 2011.
Sidell (surname)
Sidell is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Margaret Elizabeth Sidell (born 1947), British teacher and local councillor

William Sidell (1915–1994), American carpenter and labor leader

English name
English names are personal names used in, or originating in, England.
In England, as elsewhere in the English-speaking world, a complete name usually consists of one or more given names, commonly referred to as first names, and a (most commonly patrilineal, rarely matrilineal) family name or surname, also referred to as a last name. The given names after the first are often referred to as middle names.
Ian Davison (cricketer)
Ian Joseph Davison (4 October 1937 – 2 January 2017) was an English cricketer.  Davison was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast.  He was born at Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire.

After several seasons with Bedfordshire in the Minor Counties competition he played as an opening bowler for Nottinghamshire between 1959 and 1966. His best season was in 1963, when he took 111 wickets at 21.92. In the 1966 season, Wisden records that he "began well as opening partner to Carlton Forbes, but beset in mid-season by injury he faded and eventually lost his place. He has now accepted a business appointment." He was only 28 when he retired from first-class cricket. He played three more seasons with Bedfordshire, then retired from all cricket after the 1969 season.

He died on 2 January 2017 at the age of 79.

Hemel Hempstead
Hemel Hempstead (/ˌhɛməl ˈhɛmpstɪd/) is a town in the Dacorum district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located 24 miles (39 km) north-west of London; nearby towns and cities include Watford, St Albans and Berkhamsted. The population at the 2021 census was 95,961.

Hemel Hempstead has existed since at least the 8th century and was granted its town charter by Henry VIII in 1539. It has expanded and developed in recent decades after being designated as a New Town after the end of the Second World War.
Tomtor, Dulgalakhsky Rural Okrug, Verkhoyansky District, Sakha Republic
Tomtor (Russian: Томтор; Yakut: Томтор) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Dulgalakhsky Rural Okrug in Verkhoyansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 232 kilometers (144 mi) from Batagay, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 326, down from 454 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Batagay
Batagay (Russian: Батага́й; Yakut: Баатаҕай, Baatağay) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Verkhoyansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Yana River. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,369.
Protocol analysis
Protocol analysis is a psychological research method that elicits verbal reports from research participants. Protocol analysis is used to study thinking in cognitive psychology (Crutcher, 1994), cognitive science (Simon & Kaplan, 1989), and behavior analysis (Austin & Delaney, 1998). It has found further application in the design of surveys and interviews (Sudman, Bradburn & Schwarz, 1996), usability testing (Henderson, Smith, Podd, & Varela-Alvarez, 1995), educational psychology (Pressley & Afflerbach 1995; Renkl, 1997) and design research (Gero & McNeill 1998). With the introduction of video- and audio-based surveys, the scale and scope of verbal report collection is increased dramatically compared to in-person verbal report recording (Byrd, Joseph, Gongora, & Sirota 2023).

Design research
Design research was originally constituted as primarily concerned with ways of supporting and improving the process of design, developing from work in design methods. The concept has been expanded to include research embedded within the process of design and research-based design practice, research into the cognitive and communal processes of designing, and extending into wider aspects of socio-political, ethical and environmental contexts of design. It retains a sense of generality, recognising design as a creative act common to many fields, and aimed at understanding design processes and practices quite broadly.
Rangrez
The Rangrez  are an Indian caste and mostly part of the dyeing community. They are mainly Hindu and most live in the Marwar region, and the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. A significant minority are Muslims.

Joshua Project
The Joshua Project is an evangelical Christian organization based in Colorado Springs, United States, which seeks to coordinate the work of missionary organizations to track the ethnic groups of the world with the fewest followers of evangelical Christianity. To do so, it maintains ethnologic data to support Christian missions. It also tracks the evangelism efforts among 17,351 people groups worldwide—a people group being "the largest group within which the Gospel can spread as a church planting movement," according to the project's website—to identify people groups as of yet unreached by Christian evangelism.
Western major district of Helsinki
Läntinen suurpiiri (Swedish: Västra stordistriktet, English: Western major district) is one of the seven major districts of Helsinki, Finland. It covers five subdistricts: Reijola, Munkkiniemi, Haaga, Pitäjänmäki and Kaarela. As of 2005, western major district has 98,545 inhabitants living in an area of 30.4 km2.

Each of the five districts has several subareas:

Reijola district 
Laakso
Ruskeasuo
Meilahti

Munkkiniemi district 
Niemenmäki
Munkkivuori
Talinranta
Vanha Munkkiniemi
Kuusisaari
Lehtisaari

Haaga district 
Etelä-Haaga
Kivihaka
Pohjois-Haaga
Lassila

Pitäjänmäki district 
Tali
Pajamäki
Pitäjänmäen teollisuusalue
Reimarla
Marttila
Konala

Kaarela district 
Kannelmäki
Malminkartano
Maununneva
Hakuninmaa

Talinranta
Talinranta (Swedish: Talistranden) is a neighbourhood in Munkkiniemi district of Helsinki, Finland. It is located west from Munkkivuori and south from Tali. In south, Finnish national road 1 separates Talinranta from Vanha Munkkiniemi.

As of 2005 Talinranta has 1,226 inhabitants living in an area of 0.40 km2
Heike Wezel
Heike Wezel (born 19 October 1968) is a former German cross-country skier who competed from 1990 to 1994. Competing at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, she had her best career finish of eighth in the 4 × 5 km relay and her best individual finish of 17th in the 5 km event.

At the 1993 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun, her best individual finish was 39th in the 15 km event. Her best World Cup career finish was fourth in a 10 km event in Norway in 1990.

Wezel best individual career finish was second in a 5 km FIS race in Sweden in 1993.

Albertville
Albertville (French pronunciation: [albɛʁvil] ⓘ; Arpitan: Arbèrtvile) is a subprefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. 
It is best known for hosting the 1992 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. In 2022, the commune had a population of 19,706; its urban area had 40,715 inhabitants.
Albert P. Brewer High School
Albert P. Brewer Area Vocational and High School is part of the Morgan County School System. The school is in the foot hills of the Appalachian Mountains near Florette, Alabama. The grounds are approximately 80 acres. Its mascot is the Patriot, and its colors are red, white, and blue. Brewer is the largest high school in the Morgan County System and is classified as a 5A school by the Alabama High School Athletic Association. Brewer's biggest rivals in sports have traditionally been Hartselle, Arab and most recently Priceville.

Arab, Alabama
Arab (/ˈeɪ.ræb/ ⓘ) is a city mostly in Marshall County, with a portion in Cullman County, in the northern part of the U.S. state of Alabama, located 10 miles (16 km) from Guntersville Lake and Guntersville Dam, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. The population was 8,461 at the 2020 census.
Wladimir Seidel
Wladimir P. Seidel (December 21, 1907 – January 12, 1981) was a Russian-born German-American mathematician and Doctor of Mathematics. He held a fellowship as a Benjamin Peirce Professor in Harvard University. During World War II, he was with the Montreal Theory group for the National Research Council of Canada.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
Anders Ygeman
Anders Ingvar Ygeman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈânːdɛʂ ˈŷːɡɛˌman]; born 17 June 1970) is a Swedish politician of the Social Democrats. He has served as Minister for Migration and Asylum Policy, Minister for Integration and Minister for Sports between November 2021 and October 2022 He previously served in the Swedish Government as Minister for Energy and Minister for Digital Development from 2019 to 2021 and as Minister for Home Affairs from 2014 to 2017. He has been a member of the Riksdag since 1996 (as a standby since 1995).

Minister for Integration (Sweden)
The Minister for Integration (Swedish: Integrationsminister) is a cabinet minister within the Swedish Government since 2021, having previously been so between 1996 and 2014. The cabinet minister was appointed by the Prime Minister of Sweden.

The minister was responsible for issues regarding integration, discrimination, human rights at the national level, Swedish citizenship and minorities. The last Minister for Integration was Erik Ullenhag, who served from 2010 to 2014.

When the Andersson Cabinet took office in November 2021, the minister post was re-established. It was placed at the Ministry of Justice, and combined with Minister of Migration. Since June 2025, the position is placed at the Ministry for Education and the current minister is Simona Mohamsson of the Liberals.
Lewis and Clark River
The Lewis and Clark River is a tributary of Youngs River, approximately 20 miles (32 km) long, in northwest Oregon in the United States. It drains 62 square miles (160 km2) of the Northern Oregon Coast Range in the extreme northwest corner of the state, entering Youngs River just above its mouth on the Columbia River at Youngs Bay. Near the river's mouth is the site of former Fort Clatsop of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The river is named for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.

Meriwether Lewis
Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774 – October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark.
Their mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase, establish trade with, and sovereignty over the natives near the Missouri River, and claim the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country for the United States before European nations. They also collected scientific data and information on indigenous nations. President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806. He died in 1809 of gunshot wounds, in what was either a murder or suicide.
Military Merit Cross
Military Merit Cross is the name for a military decoration in various states, including:

Military Merit Cross (Austria–Hungary) (Militärverdienstkreuz) (in three classes)

Several orders, decorations, and medals of the German Empire,  including the German States of Hesse and Waldeck 
Military Merit Cross (Prussia) (Militär-Verdienstkreuz), also called the Golden Military Merit Cross (Goldenes Militär-Verdienstkreuz)
Military Merit Cross (Bavaria) (Militär-Verdienstkreuz) (in three classes)
Military Merit Cross (Mecklenburg-Schwerin) (Militärverdienstkreuz) (in two classes)

Military Merit Cross (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
The Military Merit Cross (Militärverdienstkreuz) was established by Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on August 5, 1848. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a grand duchy located in northern Germany, was a member of the German Confederation and later the German Empire.

In several respects, Mecklenburg-Schwerin's Military Merit Cross was patterned after the Prussian Iron Cross. Both came in two classes, a pinback 1st Class and a 2nd Class worn from a ribbon, both were awarded without regard to rank (most other orders and medals of both states were awarded in different classes based on the rank or status of the recipient), and both were awarded for specific campaigns, as indicated by a date on the bottom arm of the cross. However, there were more versions of the Mecklenburg cross than of the Prussian cross (which was only awarded by Prussia in the Napoleonic Wars, the Franco-Prussian War and World War I, and by Nazi Germany in World War II).
Ivica Kirin
Ivica Kirin (listenⓘ) (born 14 June 1970) is a Croatian politician who was the interior minister of Croatia from 2005 to 2008.

He resigned as interior minister on 29 December 2007 after being pictured with Mladen Markač on a boar hunt. Markač was on parole from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and was not permitted to leave his house as a condition of his parole. Kirin, as interior minister, was responsible for ensuring Markač fulfilled his parole conditions.

Boar hunting
Boar hunting is the practice of hunting wild boar, feral pigs, warthogs, and peccaries. Boar hunting was historically a dangerous exercise due to the tusked animal's ambush tactics as well as its thick hide and dense bones rendering them difficult to kill with premodern weapons.
Jayatissa
Jayatissa is a Sinhalese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jayatissa Ranaweera (born 1956), Sri Lankan politician

Nalinda Jayatissa (born 1977), Sri Lankan politician

Roshan Jayatissa (born 1989), Sri Lankan cricketer

Jayatissa Ranaweera
Arachchige Jayatissa Ranaweera also known as Kolonne Sinhaya is a Sri Lankan politician, former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former cabinet minister. Currently, he is a member of the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council and holds the position of the Council Chairman.
Bornean bearded pig
The Bornean bearded pig (Sus barbatus), also known as the Sunda bearded pig or simply bearded pig, is a species in the pig genus, Sus.

It can be recognized by its prominent beard. It also sometimes has tassels on its tail. It is found in Southeast Asia—Sumatra, Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and various smaller islands like in Sulu archipelago such as Tawi-Tawi, where it inhabits rainforests and mangrove forests. The bearded pig lives in a family. It can reproduce from the age of 18 months, and can be cross-bred with other species in the family Suidae.

Potential predators of Bornean bearded pigs in East Kalimantan include reticulated pythons.

San Diego Zoo
The San Diego Zoo is a zoo in San Diego, California, United States, located in Balboa Park. It began with a collection of animals left over from the 1915 Panama–California Exposition that were brought together by its founder, Dr. Harry M. Wegeforth. The zoo was a pioneer in the concept of open-air, cage-less exhibits that recreate natural animal habitats.

The zoo sits on 100 acres (40 ha) of land leased from the City of San Diego. It houses over 12,000 animals of more than 680 species and subspecies. It is the most visited zoo in the United States; travelers have cited it as one of the best zoos in the world.

Its parent organization, the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, is a private nonprofit conservation organization and has one of the largest zoological membership associations in the world. The San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance also operates the San Diego Zoo Safari Park.
Human milk microbiome
The human milk microbiota, also known as human milk probiotics (HMP), encompasses the microbiota–the community of microorganisms–present within the human mammary glands and breast milk. Contrary to the traditional belief that human breast milk is sterile, advancements in both microbial culture and culture-independent methods have confirmed that human milk harbors diverse communities of bacteria. These communities are distinct in composition from other microbial populations found within the human body which constitute the human microbiome.

The microbiota in human milk serves as a potential source of commensal, mutualistic, and potentially probiotic bacteria for the infant gut microbiota. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines probiotics as "living organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host."

Sterilization (microbiology)
Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. Sterilization is distinct from disinfection, sanitization, and pasteurization, in that those methods reduce rather than eliminate all forms of life and biological agents present. After sterilization, fluid or an object is referred to as being sterile or aseptic.
2021–2022 Iranian protests
Protests erupted in Iran on 15 July 2021 over water shortages, but were quickly met with police violence and brutality. November 2021 saw further protests due to water shortages; various other protests and strikes also took place due to the worsening economic situation. In August 2021, Amnesty International noted that brutal forces have been used by the Security Forces to oppress the protesters.

Ilam, Iran
Ilam (Persian: ايلام; ایلامⓘ, Kurdish: ئیلام/Îlam) is a city in the Central District of Ilam County, Ilam province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The Kabir Kuh mountain range lies east of the city. To the west, it borders Iraq.
Grand Falls-Windsor-Green Bay South
Grand Falls-Windsor—Green Bay South, formerly known as Windsor—Springdale, is a defunct provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In 2011, there were 7,004 eligible voters living within the district.

It was in Central Newfoundland, on the shore of Notre Dame Bay. It included part of the town of Grand Falls-Windsor. Other communities included South Brook, Beaumont, as well as Triton Island, Pelley's Island, Long Island, and Sunday Cove Island.

The former district of Green Bay was represented by former Premier Brian Peckford (1979–1989).

The district was abolished in 2015 and was succeeded by the new districts of Grand Falls-Windsor-Buchans and Baie Verte-Green Bay.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.