hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exponential response formula
In mathematics, the exponential response formula (ERF), also known as exponential response and complex replacement, is a method used to find a particular solution of a non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation of any order. The exponential response formula is applicable to non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients if the function is polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential or the combination of the three. The general solution of a non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation is a superposition of the general solution of the associated homogeneous ODE and a particular solution to the non-homogeneous ODE. 
Alternative methods for solving ordinary differential equations of higher order are method of undetermined coefficients and method of variation of parameters.

Sine wave
A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion; as rotation, it corresponds to uniform circular motion. Sine waves occur often in physics, including wind waves, sound waves, and light waves, such as monochromatic radiation. In engineering, signal processing, and mathematics, Fourier analysis decomposes general functions into a sum of sine waves of various frequencies, relative phases, and magnitudes.

When any two sine waves of the same frequency (but arbitrary phase) are linearly combined, the result is another sine wave of the same frequency; this property is unique among periodic waves. Conversely, if some phase is chosen as a zero reference, a sine wave of arbitrary phase can be written as the linear combination of two sine waves with phases of zero and a quarter cycle, the sine and cosine components, respectively.
Henbury, Cheshire
Henbury is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. According to the 2001 census, the entire civil parish had a population of 594. The village is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) west of Macclesfield on the A537.

Henbury became a civil parish in 1845. It has an Anglican church, the Church of St  Thomas, two pubs, and a grocery.

The village hall hosts a number of functions throughout the year with an active social committee. There is also a Millennium Green in Henbury.

Millennium Green
Millennium Greens are areas of green space for the benefit of local communities in England. 245 were created in cities, towns and villages to celebrate the turn of the millennium. Their creation was funded in part by the National Lottery via the Countryside Agency. Each one is different, as local people have had an input into the design of their green.

The project to create 250 Millennium Greens started in 1996 and ended when the last green was handed over to its own local charitable trust in perpetuity. Each trust now fundraises for and runs its own green, within the bounds of its trust deed, for the benefit of its local community.
Mike Edson
Christianity portal

Michael Edson (called Mike; born 2 September 1942) is a British Church of England priest; he was Archdeacon of Leicester from 1994 to 2002.

Edson was educated at the University of Birmingham  and the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield. He was ordained deacon in 1972, and priest in 1973. After a curacy at St Peter, Barnstaple he was Team Vicar of Barnstaple from 1977 to 1982. He was Vicar of Roxbourne from 1982 to 1989; and Area Dean of Harrow from 1985 to 1989. He was Warden of Lee Abbey from 1989 to 1994 before his time as Archdeacon of Leicester; and Rector of Torridge afterwards. In retirement, from 2014 to 2015, he was Acting Archdeacon of Barnstaple.

Roxbourne
Roxbourne is a suburb in the London Borough of Harrow, located west of Rayners Lane in the north west of Greater London (being in the county of Middlesex before its inclusion in Greater London in 1965). Historically s a hamlet, it now includes the Yeading Brook and Roxbourne Park  which provides 26 hectares of open space including football and cricket facilities; the Roxbourne Rough Nature Reserve, enriched with wildlife; and the Roxbourne (miniature) Railway.
USS T. A. Ward
USS T. A. Ward was a 284-ton schooner was purchased  by the Union Navy during the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.

T. A. Ward was initially assigned by the Union Navy for blockade duty in the ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America; however, because of a change in Union strategy, she was redesignated a mortar gunboat, and outfitted with a powerful 13-inch mortar which could fire up onto high riverbank targets, which regular guns could not reach.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Lars Haglund
Lars Gösta Haglund (born 22 May 1940) is a retired Swedish discus thrower who competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. In 1965 he won the discus throw at the Summer Universiade and British AAA Athletics Championships. Haglund was the Swedish champion in the discus in 1962–66 and held multiple national records in this event.

Haglund won the British AAA Championships title in the discus throw event at the 1965 AAA Championships.

FISU World University Games
The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.

The most recent summer event was the 2025 Summer World University Games held in Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany held from 16-27 July 2025, while the most recent winter event was the 2025 Winter World University Games held in Turin, Italy from 13 to 23 January 2025.
Mathieu Mille
Mathieu Mille (born January 10, 1981) is a French former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Mille played in the Ligue Magnus for Gothiques d'Amiens, Anglet Hormadi Élite, Scorpions de Mulhouse, Corsaires de Dunkerque, Ducs de Dijon and Pingouins de Morzine-Avoriaz.

Mille also played in the 2008 and 2009 IIHF World Championship for France.

Ducs de Dijon
The Ducs de Dijon was a French ice hockey team based in Dijon. They played in the Ligue Magnus from 2002 until declaring bankruptcy in 2017. The team was founded in 1969 and played their home games at the Patinoire Trimolet. In 2018, the club folded. After their disbandment, a new professional team was founded called Hockey Club Dijon who also used the 'Ducs' moniker.
Alfred Grévin
Alfred Grévin (French pronunciation: [alfʁɛd ɡʁevɛ̃]; 28 January 1827 – 5 May 1892) was a 19th-century caricaturist, best known during his lifetime for his caricature silhouettes of contemporary Parisian women. He was also a sculptor, cartoonist, and designed costumes and sets for popular theater.

He founded with journalist Arthur Meyer the Musée Grévin, a waxwork museum.

Wax museum
A wax museum or waxworks usually consists of a collection of wax sculptures representing famous people from history and contemporary personalities exhibited in lifelike poses, wearing real clothes.

Some wax museums have a special section dubbed the "Chamber of Horrors", in which the more grisly exhibits are displayed. Some collections are more specialized, as, for example, collections of wax medical models once used for training medical professionals. Many museums or displays in historical houses that are not wax museums as such use wax figures as part of their displays. The origin of wax museums goes back to the early 18th century at least, and wax funeral effigies of royalty and some other figures exhibited by their tombs had essentially been tourist attractions well before that.
Edna Nahshon
Edna Nahshon is professor of  Jewish theater and drama at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Her interests include Yiddish and Israeli theater and drama. She is also a senior fellow at Oxford University's Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies.

Jewish Theological Seminary of America
The Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) is a Conservative Jewish education organization in New York City, New York. It is one of the academic and spiritual centers of Conservative Judaism as well as a hub for academic scholarship in Jewish studies. The Jewish Theological Seminary Library is one of the most significant collections of Judaica in the world.
Tyndale, New South Wales
Tyndale is a locality in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales. The locality is bounded on the west by the lower reaches of the Coldstream River, then downstream of its confluence, Tyndale is on the south (right) bank of the South Arm of the Clarence River. Since 2020, the Pacific Highway traverses south–north through the locality, bypassing east of the town. The former alignment is now called the Big River Way, adjacent to the town and river.

Tyndale had a school which opened in 1868 and closed in 1975. A weatherboard church was opened on 21 August 1881. The town has a motel, caravan park and roadhouse serving tourists at the southern end of the sugar cane fields.

Pacific Highway (Australia)
The Pacific Highway is a national highway and major transport route of 790 kilometres (490 mi) along the east coast of Australia from Sydney to Brisbane. It is an integral part of Highway 1 which circumnavigates the Australian continent.  At its inception, the highway was a single carriageway between Sydney and Brisbane. In Australian culture and as a tourist drive, it remains so. Over time, segments of the highway have been upgraded, realigned, or renamed. Between 1996 and 2020, sections of the highway were upgraded to controlled-access highway (motorway) standards.
Itteville
Itteville (French pronunciation: [itvil] ⓘ) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Itteville's twin town has been Newick in the United Kingdom since 1988. The distance between both towns is 320 kilometres (199 miles).

Essonne
Essonne (French pronunciation: [ɛsɔn] ⓘ) is a department in the southern suburb part of the Île-de-France region. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659, across 194 communes.

Essonne was formed on 1 January 1968, when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments. Its prefecture is Évry-Courcouronnes. Its INSEE and postcode number is 91.
Eastern Cape (National Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Eastern Cape (Xhosa: iMpuma-Kapa) is one of the nine multi-member constituencies of the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa, the national legislature of South Africa. The constituency was established in 1994 when the National Assembly was established by the Interim Constitution following the end of Apartheid. It is conterminous with the province of Eastern Cape. The constituency currently elects 25 of the 400 members of the National Assembly using the closed party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 general election it had 3,363,161 registered electors.

Provinces of South Africa
South Africa is administered under nine provinces. On the eve of the 1994 general election, South Africa's former homelands, known as Bantustans, were reintegrated into the country, and the four provinces were increased to nine. The borders of Natal and the Orange Free State were retained, while the Cape Province and Transvaal Province were divided into three provinces each, plus North West Province which straddles the border of and contains territory from both these two former provinces. The twelfth, thirteenth and sixteenth amendments to the Constitution of South Africa changed the borders of seven of the provinces.
Chandra Kishore Pathak
Chandra Kishore Pathak  (1915 – 2 July 1998) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Saharsa, Bihar in the Lok Sabha the lower house of India's Parliament as a member of  the Indian National Congress.

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
Belgian Physical Society
The Belgian Physical Society (BPS) (Dutch: Belgische Natuurkundige Vereniging and French: Société Belge de Physique) is the national physical society of Belgium, member of the European Physical Society. As a national scientific charity, its goal is to promote physics, advance physics education & research and support physicists in Belgium.

Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)
The Catholic University of Leuven or Louvain (French: Université catholique de Louvain, Dutch: Katholieke Hogeschool te Leuven, later Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven) was founded in 1834 in Mechelen as the Catholic University of Belgium, and moved its seat to the town of Leuven in 1835, changing its name to Catholic University of Leuven. In 1968, it was split into two universities, the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and the Université catholique de Louvain, following tensions between the Dutch and French-speaking student bodies.
Rachel Allessya Rose
Rachel Allessya Rose (born 30 June 2004) is an Indonesian badminton player. She was part of Indonesia squad that won a bronze medal in the 2022 World Junior Championships and a silver medal in the girls' doubles event.

Baek Ha-na
Baek Ha-na (Korean: 백하나; born 22 September 2000) is a South Korean badminton player who attended Cheongsong Girls' High School. She started playing badminton in 2009 after being recommended by her brother, and was selected to join the national team in 2017. She was a gold medalist in the girls' doubles event at the 2017 Asian Junior Championships and the World Junior Championships with Lee Yu-lim. Their first major result in a senior event came when she and Lee reached the final at the 2017 Macau Open, but lost to Chinese pair Huang Yaqiong and Yu Xiaohan with the score 10–21, 17–21. Baek and Lee So-hee competed for South Korea at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the women's doubles event.
Samuel Whitcomb Jr.
Samuel Whitcomb Jr. (September 14, 1792 –  March 5, 1879) was a colporteur, journalist and a champion of the working class, public schools and democratic political values. Whitcomb was born in Hanover, Massachusetts. As an adult, he moved across the early United States more commonly than most people of his time. He served in the War of 1812. In 1817, he married Mary Simmons Joy.

He held several jobs and careers that included book peddling, landowner, clerk, and journalist. It was his business of selling book subscriptions that allowed him to travel the country extensively, giving him opportunities to purchase land at bargain prices, gather a unique knowledge of the common US people, and to meet interesting and prominent people, including President Thomas Jefferson.

Clerk
A clerk is a white-collar worker in an administrative professional capacity who conducts record keeping as well as general office tasks, or a grey-collar worker (or to a lesser extent, a blue-collar worker) who performs similar sales-related tasks in a retail environment. The responsibilities of clerical workers commonly include record keeping, filing, staffing service counters, screening callers, and other administrative tasks. In City of London livery companies, the clerk is the chief executive officer.
Joutel (film)
Joutel is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Alexa-Jeanne Dubé and released in 2021. The film stars Pierre Curzi and Marie Tifo as Gérard and Jocelyne, an elderly couple who decide, upon finding a dead raccoon in their yard, to take a trip to bury it on their former property in the ghost town of Joutel.

The film was screened as part of Telefilm Canada's annual Not Short on Talent lineup at the Cannes Film Market, and had its public premiere at the 2021 Festival du nouveau cinéma.

The film was a Prix Iris nominee for Best Live Action Short Film at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2022.

Marché du Film
The Marché du Film (transl. Film market), also called Cannes Film Market, is an annual marketplace for films and one of the world's largest film markets. Established in 1959, it is held annually in conjunction with the Cannes Film Festival.

In the 2020s, more than 12,500 film industry professionals annually present around 4,000 films and projects at Marché du Film, generating multi-million dollar deals and a total turnover of between $600,000 and $1 billion. Its main purpose is to bring together the different players from the audiovisual industry to make connections and discuss business opportunities such as collaborations and co-productions, financing, and distribution.
Ghosia Bazar
Ghosia Bazar is a town and a nagar panchayat in Bhadohi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is also known as Indian Carpets Hub. Ghosia is the most developed place in Sant Ravidas Nagar, where the huge amount of Carpets are manufactured and exported abroad. Major population of Ghosia is engaged in Carpets business.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Nicolas Nyengerai
Nicolas Nyengerai (born 1961) is a Zimbabwean long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon.

He participated at the 1987 and 1995 World Cross Country Championships. His marathon wins came at the 1992 Belgrade Marathon, the 1995 Zwolle Marathon and the 1995 All-Africa Games.

His personal best time was 2:15:38 hours, achieved in November 1998 at Zanzibar.

Athletics at the 1995 All-Africa Games
The sixth All-Africa Games were held in September 1995 in Harare, Zimbabwe. As the track is at an altitude of 1473 metres all performances are considered to be set at altitude, this is believed to assist events up to 400 metres and in the long jump and triple jump. However, for events beyond 800 metres the thinner air is believed to have a detrimental effect on performances.
Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS
The A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography is a scientific institute of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) located in Moscow, Russia. The institute was created by the order of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on 16 November 1943. The first director of the Institute was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov. In 1969, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

Areas of scientific interest:

Crystal growth: research into crystal formation and growth, development of synthesis methods and creation of equipment for crystallography

Crystal structure: study of idealialized (theoretical) and real-world crystal structures

Crystal properties: study of symmetry and physical properties of crystals; search for crystals with valuable properties

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Terance Mathis
Terance Paul Mathis (born June 7, 1967) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the head football coach for Morehouse College, a position he has held since 2024. Mathis played professionally as a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL), earning second-team All-Pro honors and a Pro Bowl selection with the Atlanta Falcons in 1994.

He played college football for the New Mexico Lobos, earning consensus All-American honors in 1989. Selected in the 1990 NFL draft by the New York Jets, Mathis played the majority of his career with Atlanta. He last played in the NFL in 2002 with the Pittsburgh Steelers, then retired after the conclusion of the 2002 season. Currently, he is second in career two-point conversions with six, behind  Marshall Faulk's seven.

On February 1, 2011, Mathis was named as the offensive coordinator at Savannah State University.

On May 3, 2017, Mathis was named as the head coach at Pinecrest Academy football team in Cumming, Georgia.

Cumming, Georgia
Cumming is a city and the county seat of Forsyth County, Georgia, United States, and the sole incorporated area in the county. It is a suburban city, and part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. In the 2020 census, the population is 7,318, up from 5,430 in 2010. Surrounding unincorporated areas with a Cumming mailing address have a population of approximately 100,000.
Danelle Umstead
Danelle D’Aquanni Umstead (born February 15, 1972) is an American alpine skier and Paralympian.

She is part of the US Paralympics team. She competed at the women's slalom, giant slalom, downhill, super-G and combined at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, with her husband Rob Umstead as her sighted guide. They took the bronze medal at the downhill and combined. She also competed in the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, winning a bronze medal in the super combined. She competed in the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang the downhill, slalom, giant slalom, super-g, and the super combined.

She has a genetic eye condition called retinitis pigmentosa.

On September 12, 2018, Umstead was announced as one of the celebrities being on season 27 of Dancing with the Stars. Her professional partner was Artem Chigvintsev.

Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Paralympics – Women's slalom
The women's slalom competition of the Vancouver 2010 Paralympics was held at Whistler Blackcomb in Whistler, British Columbia. The competition was rescheduled to Sunday, March 14, and Monday, March 15, due to weather conditions.