hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination
The Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE, 香港中學會考, Hong Kong School Certificate Examination, HKSCE) was a standardised examination between 1974 and 2011 after most local students' five-year secondary education, conducted by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA), awarding the Hong Kong Certificate of Education secondary school leaving qualification. The examination has been discontinued in 2012 and its roles are now replaced by the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education as part of educational reforms in Hong Kong. It was considered equivalent to the United Kingdom's GCSE.

School leaving qualification
A school leaving qualification is an academic qualification awarded for the completion of secondary education. Depending on the country or region, it may alternatively be known as a high school diploma,  senior secondary leaving certificate, high schools general certificate or school certificate (amongst other names).

Institutional requirements differ for obtaining a high school diploma or its equivalent.  For example, some schools require that all students study a foreign language, and others do not.  The number of years that students are required to attend school before earning a high school diploma, the difficulty level of the classes, and the types of classes vary significantly from place to place.
Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus
Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus 1 (STSV1) is a DNA virus of the family Bicaudaviridae. It infects the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tengchongensis which can be found in the volcanic area of Tengchong, Baoshan City, in western Yunnan province, People's Republic of China.

In 2014, Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus 2 (STSV2), a relative of STSV1, also infecting S. tengchongensis, has been reported. Besides S. tengchongensis, STSV2 infects Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A. It has been demonstrated that STSV2 induces unprecedented gigantism of S. islandicus cells by blocking the expression of the cell division genes and arresting the cell cycle in the S phase. The diameter of infected cells increases up to 20 times, resulting in 8,000-fold increase in volume compared to noninfected cells.

Hyperthermophile
A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments—from 60 °C (140 °F) upward. An optimal temperature for the existence of hyperthermophiles is often above 80 °C (176 °F). Hyperthermophiles are often within the domain Archaea, although few bacterial examples exist. Some of them are able to live at temperatures greater than 100 °C (212 °F), deep in the ocean where high pressures increase the boiling point of water. Many hyperthermophiles are also able to withstand other environmental extremes, such as high acidity or high radiation levels. Hyperthermophiles are a subset of extremophiles. Their existence may support the possibility of extraterrestrial life, showing that life can thrive in environmental extremes.
Four Beauties
The Four Beauties or Four Great Beauties are four Chinese women who are renowned for their beauty and their impact on Chinese history through the influence they exercised over powerful men. The four are usually identified as Xi Shi, Wang Zhaojun, Diaochan, and Yang Yuhuan. Among them, Diaochan is a fictional character while the rest have been greatly embellished by legend.

Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).

During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. The periodization dates to the late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – 9 CE).
Smoky Dawson
Smoky Dawson (19 March 1913 – 13 February 2008), born as Herbert Henry Brown, was an Australian singer-songwriter and musician, who performed western and folk music with a tinge of country, he was a radio and television presenter and entertainer. He was widely touted as Australia's first singing cowboy complete with acoustic steel string guitar and yodel, in the style of Americans Gene Autry and Roy Rogers.

Dawson began performing professionally in 1932 and released his last album in 2005, aged 92. Through his high-rating syndicated radio serials (at their height broadcast on 100 stations), The Adventures of Smoky Dawson, as well as television appearances, comic books and songs, he created the persona of a happy-go-lucky singing cowboy.

Dawson did his own version of the western standard "Wild Colonial Boy", rewriting the words and music with American country singer Glen Campbell.

Dawson also met The Kelly Family, and wrote a ditty about Jim Kelly, the brother of Ned Kelly.

Country Music Awards of Australia
The Country Music Awards of Australia also known as the Golden Guitar Awards (originally named Australasian Country Music Awards) is an annual awards night held in January during the Tamworth Country Music Festival, in Tamworth, New South Wales, celebrating recording excellence in the Australian country music industry. The awards are hosted at the Tamworth Regional Entertainment Centre (TRECC) on the final Saturday night of the Tamworth Festival. They have been held annually since 1973. The first award ceremony had just six awards. The awards show is presented in front of a live audience made up of the media, the music industry and the public.
National Assembly (Ecuador)
The National Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional) is the unicameral legislature of Ecuador. It replaced the National Congress in 2009 following reforms under the 2008 Constitution. Within Ecuador, the National Assembly has the power to pass laws, while appointment of judges to the National Court of Justice is done by a separate Judicial Council.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
Chris Riggi
Christopher Riggi (born September 18, 1985) is an American actor, known for his role as Scott Rosson in the teen drama television series Gossip Girl, and Jacob White in the Twilight parody film Vampires Suck which was released in the US on August 18, 2010. Riggi was writer, director, editor, cinematographer, and actor in the film, "Abduct," released April 2, 2025.

Riggi was born in New York City, New York and is the son of philanthropists Michele and Ron Riggi. He started his career in 2008 in the short film Brotherhood as Jared, before moving onto screen works such as the independent films Toe to Toe and Dare. Additionally, Riggi made guest appearances in several TV series such as Human Giant and Lipstick Jungle.

Riggi played a role in The Wolf of Wall Street.

Human Giant
Human Giant is a sketch comedy show starring writer/performers Aziz Ansari, Rob Huebel, and Paul Scheer, and directed primarily by Jason Woliner. The show ran for two seasons on MTV. In 2008, the group was offered a third season and was reportedly developing a feature film with Red Hour Productions, but these projects did not transpire due to Ansari's commitments to starring in the NBC show Parks and Recreation. In 2010, Ansari, Huebel and Scheer reunited to do a skit for the 2010 MTV Movie Awards.
King Worldwide
King Worldwide is a New Zealand record manufacturing plant run by Peter King. It specialises in cutting polycarbonate records using a lathe technique, as opposed to the traditional vinyl material. The operation began in the late 1980s in the town of Geraldine, and as such, King's records are sometimes referred to as "Geraldine pressings". Due to this unique production process, King worldwide specialises in small-run pressings in editions as low as 20.

King Worldwide has been commissioned to produce records for artists such as Pavement, Lee Ranaldo, Alastair Galbraith, The Dead C, David Kilgour, Thela, Rosy Parlane, No-Neck Blues Band, Tarantel, The Enright House, Experimental Audio Research, Doctor Freakinstein, Of Arrowe Hill, Reynols, Jad Fair, Six Organs of Admittance, Birchville Cat Motel, Acid Mothers Temple, Beastie Boys, Meterman and Harry Pussy.

Harry Pussy
Harry Pussy was an American noise rock band from Miami, active from 1992 to 1997.  The main members were Bill Orcutt on guitar and vocals and Adris Hoyos on drums and vocals. Other members included Mark Feehan on guitar, later replaced by Dan Hosker. They recorded primarily for the Siltbreeze label.

The often-violent music of Harry Pussy is still well-regarded and highly influential in the noise and noise rock scenes. Bill Orcutt's guitar playing was almost exclusively atonal and performed on a four-string guitar. Adris Hoyos' unrestricted, freeform vocalizations and drumming have been noted as an influence by Chris Corsano and by Heather Leigh.

Following the dissolution of Harry Pussy, Hoyos began playing sporadically in improv groups and Orcutt focused on film-making. Bill Orcutt started playing live and releasing albums again in 2009.
Andrea Stefani (composer)
Andrea Stefani (fl. 1400s) was an Italian monk, flagellant, poet, singer and composer. He was active in Florence and Lucca during the late medieval and early renaissance periods, and was a late member of the Trecento movement.

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Pirinoa
Pirinoa is a rural community east of Lake Wairarapa, in the South Wairarapa District and Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island. It includes the rural settlement of Pirinoa, and the coastal settlement of Whāngaimoana.

Ngāti Kahungunu
Ngāti Kahungunu (Māori pronunciation: [ˈŋaːti ˈkahʉŋʉnʉ]) is a Māori iwi (tribe) located along the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The iwi is traditionally centred in the Hawke's Bay and Wairārapa regions. The Kahungunu iwi also comprises 86 hapū (sub-tribes) and 90 marae (meeting grounds).

The tribe is organised into six geographical and administrative divisions: Wairoa, Te Whanganui-ā-Orotū, Heretaunga, Tamatea, Tāmaki-nui-a Rua and Wairarapa. It is the 4th largest iwi in New Zealand by population, with 82,239 people identifying as Ngāti Kahungunu in the 2018 census.
Japanese ship Sugi
Several ships have been named Sugi (杉 / すぎ, "cedar") :

Japanese destroyer Sugi (1915), a Kaba-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War I

Japanese destroyer Sugi (1944), a Matsu-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II

JDS Sugi (PF-285), a Kusu-class patrol frigate of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, formerly USS Coronado (PF-38)

Cryptomeria
Cryptomeria (literally "hidden parts") is a monotypic genus of conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae. It includes only one species, Cryptomeria japonica (syn. Cupressus japonica L.f.). It is considered to be endemic to Japan, where it is known as Sugi (杉).  The tree is also called Japanese cedar or Japanese redwood in English. It has been extensively introduced, and cultivated for wood production on the Azores and elsewhere.
Neo-scholasticism
Neo-scholasticism (also known as neo-scholastic Thomism or neo-Thomism because of the great influence of the writings of Thomas Aquinas on the movement) is a revival and development of medieval scholasticism in Catholic theology and philosophy which began in the second half of the 19th century.

Aeterni Patris
Aeterni Patris (English: Of the Eternal Father) was an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII in August 1879. It was subtitled "On the Restoration of Christian Philosophy in Catholic Schools in the Spirit (ad mentem) of the Angelic Doctor, St. Thomas Aquinas". The aim of the encyclical was to advance the revival of Scholastic philosophy.
Glasgow Flyer
The Glasgow Flyer was a branded airport bus service in Glasgow, Scotland. It connected Glasgow Airport to central Glasgow, operating as a shuttle bus via the M8 motorway. In Glasgow city centre it operated from the Buchanan bus station, also calling at Glasgow's two mainline railway termini. It was formerly operated under contract to airport operator BAA until 31 December 2010, but the ongoing contract to operate the service was given to First Glasgow from 1 January 2011 and operated as a scheduled Arriva service. The Glasgow Flyer service was discontinued on 31 July 2011.

Glasgow city centre
Glasgow city centre is the central business district of Glasgow, Scotland. It is bordered by the Saltmarket, High Street and Castle Street to the east, the River Clyde to the south, and the M8 motorway to the west and north.  It is made up of the areas of Cowcaddens, Blythswood Hill, and Merchant City, though parts of Garnethill, Townhead, and Anderston also fall within its boundaries.
Twelfth Army (United Kingdom)
The Twelfth Army was a British Army formation during the Second World War. The Twelfth Army denotation was actually used twice; firstly, in 1943, for a fictional formation and secondly, in 1944/45, in Burma.

The Twelfth Army moniker was originally used by Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force, a Cairo-based deception department created by Dudley Clarke, for a formation used in Operation Barclay and Operation Zeppelin. It was later used for a real formation in Burma, which took over operations from the Fourteenth Army and would later become Burma Command.

Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force
Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force, generally referred to as 'A' Force, was a deception department during the Second World War. It was set up in March 1941 and based in Cairo under Brigadier Dudley Clarke. General Archibald Wavell, the commander of forces in North Africa at the outbreak of war, initiated the use of deception as part of Operation Compass, in December 1940. After the success of Compass, Wavell sent for Clarke, with whom he had earlier worked in Palestine. Clarke was charged with forming the first deception department, in secret with limited resources.
Freedom of religion in Canada
Freedom of religion in Canada is a constitutionally protected right, allowing believers the freedom to assemble and worship without limitation or interference.

According to the 2021 census, Christianity is the largest religion in Canada, with 53.3% of the population (more than half of these are Roman Catholic); one third of Canadians stated that they were  irreligious or had no religion.

In 2023, the country was scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom; it was noted that in 2019, a new law was put in place stating that some government employees in positions of authority were not allowed to wear religious symbols.

Freedom of assembly
Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of individuals to peaceably assemble and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their ideas. The right to freedom of assembly is recognized as a human right, a political right and a civil liberty.

The terms freedom of assembly and freedom of association may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom to join an association. Freedom of assembly is often used in the context of the right to protest, while freedom of association is used in the context of labor rights. The Constitution of the United States is interpreted to mean both the freedom to assemble and the freedom to join an association.
Transportable Applications Environment
The Transportable Applications Environment (TAE) was a rapid prototyping graphical user interface development environment created by NASA in the 1980s. It is available for us on DEC VAX ULTRIX, DEC RISC ULTRIX, Sun, VAX/VMS, Silicon Graphics, HP9000, and IBM RS/6000 based systems.

IBM RS/6000
The RISC System/6000 is a family of RISC-based (Reduced Instruction Set Computer-based) Unix servers, workstations and supercomputers made by IBM in the 1990s. The RS/6000 family replaced the IBM RT PC computer platform in February 1990 and is the first computer line to see the use of IBM's POWER and PowerPC based microprocessors. In October 2000, the RS/6000 brand was retired for POWER-based servers and replaced by the eServer pSeries. Workstations continued under the RS/6000 brand until 2002, when new POWER/-based workstations were released under the IntelliStation POWER/ brand.

The RS/6000 floating-point execution unit (FPU) enabled major improvements in the speed and accuracy of floating-point operations. The key feature of the FPU was introducing the MAF (multiply-add fused) operation, which has since become standard in most modern processors.
Klaus Ampler
Klaus Ampler (15 November 1940 – 6 May 2016) was a German cyclist. His sporting career began with SC DHfK Leipzig. He competed for East Germany in the team time trial at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He won the peace race in 1963. He won the DDR Rundfahrt in 1962 and 1963. Ampler died at a nursing home in Leipzig on 6 May 2016 at the age of 75. He was the father of Uwe Ampler, who became a professional cyclist and was coached by his father in the 1980s.

Peace Race
The Peace Race (German: Friedensfahrt, Czech: Závod míru, Slovak: Preteky mieru, Russian: Велогонка Мира (Velogonka Mira), Polish: Wyścig Pokoju [ˈvɨɕt͡ɕik pɔˈkɔju], French: Course de la Paix, Italian: Corsa della Pace, Romanian: Cursa Păcii) was a cycling race that was established as the largest event in Eastern Europe after the Second World War. It ended in 2006. A competition resembling the original was reactivated in the Czech Republic in 2013.
Richard Spooner (MP)
Richard Spooner (28 July 1783 – 24 November 1864) was a British businessman and politician. In his youth he was a Radical reformer, but in later life he moved to the political right to become an Ultra-Tory.

Ultra-Tories
The Ultra-Tories were an Anglican faction of British and Irish politics that appeared in the 1820s in opposition to Catholic emancipation.  The faction was, in the twenty-first century, called the "extreme right-wing" of British and Irish politics.

The Ultra-Tories faction broke away from the governing party in 1829 after the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829. Many of those labelled Ultra-Tory rejected the label and saw themselves as upholders of the Whig Revolution settlement of 1689.

The Ultra-Tories were defending "a doctrine essentially similar to that which ministerial Whigs had held since the days of Burnet, Wake, Gibson and Potter".
Eseme Eyiboh
Eseme Eyiboh is a Nigerian politician. He served as a member of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and represented the Eket Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011. He is currently the Special Adviser on Media and Publicity to the Senate President of Nigeria, Godswill Akpabio.

Godswill Akpabio
Chief Godswill Obot Akpabio GCON (Ibibio pronunciationⓘ; born 9 December 1962) is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who is currently serving as the 15th president of the Nigerian Senate since 2023. He was first elected as Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in 2015, lost in the 2019 senatorial elections and won in the 2023 elections. He also served as minister for Niger Delta Affairs from 2019 up till 2022 when he resigned to seek re-election into the Nigerian senate. He had previously served as the Governor of Akwa Ibom State from 2007 to 2015.
125th Street station (IRT Third Avenue Line)
The 125th Street station was an express station on the demolished IRT Third Avenue Line in Manhattan, New York City as part of the extension of the Third Avenue Line north of 67th Street. It opened on December 30, 1878, and had three tracks and two levels. The lower level was built first and had two tracks and two side platforms for local trains. The upper level, built as part of the Dual Contracts, had one track and two side platforms for express trains. Simultaneously during the dual contracts period, IRT also expanded the Lexington Avenue Subway which included a station one block west of the el station. This station closed on May 12, 1955, with the ending of all service on the Third Avenue El south of 149th Street.

Dual Contracts
The Dual Contracts, also known as the Dual Subway System, were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York. The contracts were signed on March 19, 1913, by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. As part of the Dual Contracts, the IRT and BRT would build or upgrade several subway lines in New York City, then operate them for 49 years.

Most of the lines of the present-day New York City Subway were built or reconstructed under these contracts. The contracts were "dual" in that they were signed between the City and two separate private companies. Both the IRT and BRT (later Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, or BMT) worked together to make the construction of the Dual Contracts possible.
Capitol Peak (Colorado)
Capitol Peak is a high and prominent mountain summit in the Elk Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. It is the 52nd-highest mountain in North America. The 14,136-foot-4-inch (4,309 m) fourteener is located in the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness of White River National Forest, 8.7 miles (14.0 km) east by south (bearing 104°) of the community of Redstone in Pitkin County, Colorado, United States.

Redstone, Colorado
Redstone is an unincorporated town and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Glenwood Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Redstone CDP was 127 at the 2020 United States census. The Carbondale post office (Zip Code 81623) serves Redstone postal addresses.

The village is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district and includes several properties that are also separately listed on the National Register.