hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maurice Chilton
Lieutenant-General Sir Maurice Somerville Chilton, KBE, CB (11 January 1898 – 21 August 1956) was a senior officer in the British Army who served as Quartermaster-General to the Forces from 1955 to 1956.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Cyclamide
Cyclamides are a class of oligopeptides produced by cyanobacteria algae strains such as Microcystis aeruginosa. Some of them can be toxic.

Cyclamides are cyclopeptides with either six or eight amino acids, some of which are modified from their natural proteinogenic form. They are typically characterized by thiazole and oxazole rings which are thought to be cysteine and threonine derivatives, respectively.  Cyclamides are biosynthesized through ribosomic pathways.

Oxazole
Oxazole is the parent compound for a vast class of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds.  These are azoles with an oxygen and a nitrogen separated by one carbon.  Oxazoles are aromatic compounds but less so than the thiazoles. Oxazole is a weak base; its conjugate acid has a pKa of 0.8, compared to 7 for imidazole.
Embassy of Israel, Moscow
The Embassy of the State of Israel in Moscow is the chief diplomatic mission of Israel in Russia. It is located at 56 Bolshaya Ordynka Street (Russian: ул. Большая Ордынка, 56) in the Yakimanka District of Moscow.

Yakimanka District
Yakimanka District (Russian: райо́н Якима́нка) is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 26,578 (2010 census); 22,822 (2002 census).

It is named after the former church of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Yakimanka contains the western half of the historical Zamoskvorechye area (its eastern half is administered as Zamoskvorechye District proper), including the Tretyakov Gallery and the territories of Gorky Park and Neskuchny Sad. The boundary between Yakimanka and Zamoskvorechye districts follows Balchug Street and Bolshaya Ordynka Street (north of the Garden Ring), Korovy Val and Mytnaya Streets (south of the Garden Ring).
Stephen Martin Saxby
Stephen Martin Saxby (21 August 1804 – 11 March 1883) was a British practitioner of a form of meteorological astrology or Pseudo Meteorology in the Victorian Era.  Through his calculations he predicted an 1869 storm called the Saxby Gale. Saxby also published a book in 1864 called the Saxby Weather system that taught his methods of Astrological Meteorology.  He also distributed lists of days when atmospheric disturbances would occur that were given to sailors of that era so they could anticipate approaching storms.  Saxby's Astrological Meteorological methods have inspired others who predict weather using astrology including Ken Ring of New Zealand.

Astrometeorology
Astrometeorology (from Greek ἄστρον, astron, "constellation, star"; μετέωρος, metéōros, "high in the sky"; and -λογία, -logia, "branch of knowledge") or meteorological astrology is a pseudoscience that attempts to forecast the weather using astrology. It is the belief that the positions and motions of celestial objects can be used to predict both seasonal climate and weather. Throughout most of its history astrometeorology was considered a scholarly tradition and was common in academic circles, often in close relation with other types of astrology, astronomy, alchemy, meteorology, and medicine.
Sant Carles de Peralta
39°02′02″N 1°33′54″E﻿ / ﻿39.034°N 1.565°E﻿ / 39.034; 1.565

Sant Carles de Peralta (Spanish: San Carlos) is a village in the north east of Ibiza (Catalan: Eivissa), Spain. The village is in the municipality of Santa Eulària des Riu and is located on the designated road EI-200. The village is 21.6 miles (34.8 km) North East of Ibiza Town and 28.3 miles (45.5 km) of Ibiza Airport. 5.0 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the South east of the village is the coastal resort of Es Canar.

Ibiza Airport
Ibiza Airport (IATA: IBZ, ICAO: LEIB) (Catalan: Aeroport d'Eivissa, Spanish: Aeropuerto de Ibiza) is the international airport serving the Balearic Islands of Ibiza and Formentera in Spain located 7 km (4.3 mi) southwest of Ibiza. In 2020, the airport handled 2.1 million passengers (after more than 8.2 million in pre COVID-19 conditions in 2019), making it the thirteenth busiest airport in the country. As the island is a major European holiday destination, it features both year-round domestic services and several dozen seasonal routes to cities across Europe. It is also used as a seasonal base for Vueling.
Boy Louw
Matthys (Boy) Michael Louw  (21 February 1906 – 3 May 1988), was a rugby union player on the South African rugby team. His primary position was prop but he also played in the line-out for the Springboks at second row, flanker and number eight.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Undeniable (AZ album)
Undeniable is the seventh solo studio album by American rapper AZ. It was released on April 1, 2008 through Koch Records. Production was handled by Street Radio, Lil' Fame, Nottz, Emile Haynie, Jay "Waxx" Garfield, Large Professor, Mr. Lee and The Bad Parts, with K.G. & E.C. serving as co-producers. It features guest appearances from Jay Rush, Ray J and Styles P.

In the United States, the album debuted at number 141 on the Billboard 200, number 24 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 9 on the Top Rap Albums and number 18 on the Independent Albums charts, selling over 5,000 copies in its first week.

Mr. Lee (music producer)
Leroy Williams Jr., professionally known by his stage name Mr. Lee, is an American record producer and entrepreneur from Houston, Texas. He has produced several albums, which achieved platinum and gold status, such as Scarface's My Homies, 2Pac's Still I Rise, Paul Wall's The Peoples Champ. He was one of the in-house producers of Rap-A-Lot Records, and a founder and CEO of Noddfactor Entertainment.
Karl Geary (cricketer)
Karl Lewis Geary (born 29 June 1982) is an English cricketer. Geary is a right-handed batsman who plays primarily as a wicket-keeper. He was born at Nuneaton, Warwickshire.

Geary represented the Leicestershire Cricket Board in two List A matches against the Northamptonshire Cricket Board and the Kent Cricket Board in the 1st and 2nd rounds of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which were held in 2001.

He currently plays club cricket for Leicester Ivanhoe Cricket Club in the Leicestershire and Rutland Cricket League.

2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2002 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 29 August 2001 and 31 August 2002.  It was the second Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, following its change of name from the NatWest Trophy.  The tournament was won by Yorkshire who defeated Somerset by 6 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Battle of the Beaufort
The Battle of the Beaufort was fought between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) on June 6, 1982, over Beaufort Castle, Lebanon. It was one of the first clashes of the 1982 Lebanon War and resulted in the IDF capturing the castle.

Arnoun
Arnoun (Arabic: أرنون,  Syriac-Aramaic: ܐܪܢܘܢ) is a municipality 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south-east of Nabatieh, in Nabatieh Governorate, southern Lebanon. The village is located approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the Israeli border. The village is approximately 550 metres (1,800 feet) above sea level, and approximately one kilometre (0.62 miles) from the Beaufort Castle.
2022 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2022 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason tournament for the Big Sky Conference, held March 9–12 at Idaho Central Arena in Boise, Idaho. It was the 47th edition of the conference tourney, which debuted in 1976.

Top-seeded Montana State defeated third seed Northern Colorado 87–66 in the final and received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. It was the Bobcats' first NCAA appearance in 26 years and their fourth overall.

Second seed Southern Utah lost its opener in their final Big Sky tournament; they joined the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) in the summer.

2021–22 Northern Colorado Bears men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Northern Colorado Bears men's basketball team represented the University of Northern Colorado in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bears, led by second-year head coach Steve Smiley, played their home games at Bank of Colorado Arena in Greeley, Colorado as members of the Big Sky Conference.
Bikyan
Bikyan (Russian: Бикъян; Bashkir: Бикйән, Bikyän) is a rural locality (a village) in Verkhnegaleyevsky Selsoviet, Zilairsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 29 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Zilairsky District
Zilairsky District (Russian: Зилаи́рский райо́н; Bashkir: Йылайыр районы, Yılayır rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic and borders with Burzyansky District in the north, Baymaksky District in the east, Khaybullinsky District in the southeast and south, Zianchurinsky District in the southwest and west, and with Kugarchinsky District in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 5,773.99 square kilometers (2,229.35 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zilair. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 16,590, with the population of Zilair accounting for 33.7% of that number.
Nathaniel B. Nichols
Nathaniel B. Nichols (1914–1997) was an American control engineer who made significant contributions to the field of control theory. He is well known for his book Theory of Servomechanisms, one of the most widely read books in control engineering.

Nichols received a B.S. in chemistry in 1936 from Central Michigan University, and an M.S. in physics from the University of Michigan in 1937.

He was President of the IEEE Control Systems Society in 1968 and the American Automatic Control Council in 1974 and in 1975; and a recipient of the Rufus Oldenburger Medal (1969) and the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award (1980).

Rufus Oldenburger Medal
The Rufus Oldenburger Medal is an award given by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers recognizing significant contributions and outstanding achievements in the field of automatic control. It was established in 1968 in the honor of  Rufus Oldenburger.
Blackstone Legal Fellowship
The Blackstone Legal Fellowship is an American legal training and summer internship program for Christian law students, developed and facilitated by the Evangelical Christian legal group Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF). About 3,000 law students have participated in the program.  Its main campus is in Scottsdale, Arizona. Among its faculty are Missouri U.S. Senator Josh Hawley and U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Amy Coney Barrett. ADF co-founder and president Alan E. Sears said that the program's goal was to put Christian lawyers into "positions of influence, thereby impacting the legal culture and keeping the door open for the Gospel."

Alan E. Sears
Alan E. Sears is an American lawyer. He served as the president, CEO, and general counsel of the Alliance Defending Freedom until January 2017. Sears was also the staff executive director of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, popularly known as the Meese Commission.
Malachi Martin (politician)
Malachi Martin (born c. 1822) was the prison warden at Florida's first state penitentiary in Chattahoochee, Florida and a state legislator. He was renowned for barbarity and corruption including the use of prison labor for his personal benefit. Another account blames changing politics for the most horrific accounts. He served as speaker of the Florida House of Representatives. Martin, a Republican, was friends with Samuel Fleischman who consulted with him before being murdered by the Ku Klux Klan.

Malachi was put in charge of Florida's first state prison in 1871. He used prisoners to build houses for his profit and to tend his vineyards. The book The American Siberia; or, Fourteen years' experience in a southern convict camp (1891) by J. C. Powell described the abuse he carried out. After the prisoners were relocated in 1876 to a prison at Raiford, Florida, the prison was renovated for use as Florida State Hospital, where mental patients were incarcerated.

Chattahoochee, Florida
Chattahoochee is a city in Gadsden County, Florida, United States. Its history dates to the Spanish era. It is part of the Tallahassee, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,955 as of the 2020 census, down from 3,652 at the 2010 census.

Chattahoochee sits on the banks of the Apalachicola River. It is connected by the Apalachicola and Victory bridges to  neighboring Sneads, Florida, which is in Jackson County.

Chattahoochee has its own police force with more than ten sworn officers and a police chief. Chattahoochee is a name derived from the Creek language, meaning "marked rocks".
Khambi, Gujrat
Khambi is a large village of Sarai Alamgir Tehsil, Gujrat District, in the Punjab province, Pakistan. It is bounded on two sides by the river Jhelum and Upper Jhelum Canal and on the other two sides by small streams.

Khambi village has divided into three different parts: Tawela, Jalilpur and Khambi.

Gujrat District
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع گجرات) is a district of Gujrat Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Gujrat District was created by the British Government in 1846. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of the Gujrat District is 3,219,375.
Teodoro Cottrau
Teodoro Cottrau (Italian pronunciation: [teoˈdɔːro kotˈtro]; 7 December 1827 – 30 March 1879) was an Italian composer, lyricist, publisher, journalist and politician. He specialised in Neapolitan folk songs.

The son of French composer and musicologist Guillaume Louis Cottrau, he is best known for his arrangement of "Santa Lucia", published in 1850 and recorded among others by Enrico Caruso and Elvis Presley.

Enrico Caruso
Enrico Caruso (25 February 1873 – 2 August 1921) was an Italian operatic tenor, who sang to great acclaim at the major opera houses of Europe and the Americas, appearing in a wide variety of roles that ranged from the lyric to the dramatic. Generally recognized as the first international recording star, Caruso made around 250 commercially released recordings from 1902 to 1920.
Intepirdine
Intepirdine (INN; developmental codes SB-742457, RVT-101) is a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist with potential cognition, memory, and learning-enhancing effects. It was under development by GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and demonstrated some preliminary efficacy in phase II clinical trials. GSK chose not to continue development and sold the rights to Axovant Sciences for $5 million in December 2014.

Results of a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease were reported in September 2017. The trial showed no improvement over control group and Axovant lost 70% of its value upon the announcement of the trial results.

Intepirdine also entered clinical trials for dementia with Lewy bodies, also with negative results. Consequently, Axovant announced in 2018 that it has discontinued development of this drug.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Brendan Bower
Brendan Bower is an Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond, Essendon and North Melbourne. He made his debut with Richmond against St Kilda in round 5 of 1986 season and played 92 games with Richmond. He was drafted by Essendon in 1991 AFL draft and played 3 games in the 1992 season. In the 1992 AFL draft he was picked up by North Melbourne and played 2 games for them in 1993.

1991 AFL draft
The 1991 AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League. It consisted of the main national draft, the pre-season draft and the trade period.

In 1991 there were 89 picks to be drafted between 15 teams in the main national draft.
E-rara.ch
e-rara.ch is a Swiss digital library dedicated to providing free online access to rare antique Swiss books and prints. It opened to the public in March 2010, and aims to make more than 10,000 works available by the end of 2011.

Digital library
A digital library, also referred to as an online library, an internet library, a digital repository,  a library without walls, or a digital collection, is an online database of digital resources that can include text, still images, audio, video, digital documents, or other digital media formats or a library accessible through the internet. Objects can consist of digitized content, such as print or photographs, as well as originally produced digital content, including word processor files or social media posts. In addition to storing content, digital libraries provide mechanisms for the organization, searching, and retrieving of content from the collection. Digital libraries can vary immensely in size and scope, and can be maintained by individuals or organizations. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. These information retrieval systems are able to exchange information with each other through interoperability and sustainability.
USS Manley
Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Manley for John Manley.

USS Manley (TB-23), was a torpedo boat purchased in 1898, served in the Spanish–American War, left active service in 1914, renamed Levant in 1918 and sold in 1920.

USS Manley (DD-74), was a Caldwell-class destroyer, commissioned in 1917, served in World War I, decommissioned in 1922, recommissioned in 1930, served in World War II and decommissioned in 1945.

USS Manley (DD-940), was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer, commissioned in 1957 and decommissioned in 1983.

Caldwell-class destroyer
The Caldwell class was a class of six
"flush deck" United States Navy destroyers built during World War I and shortly after. Four served as convoy escorts in the Atlantic; the other two were completed too late for wartime service. Two were scrapped during the 1930s, but four survived to serve throughout World War II, three of these in service with the Royal Navy under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement and the fourth as a high speed transport.
Porunita
20°50′35.1″S 68°36′49.5″W﻿ / ﻿20.843083°S 68.613750°W﻿ / -20.843083; -68.613750Porunita is an inactive volcano in Chile.

It is a cinder cone which rises 90 metres (300 ft) above the surrounding plain and has a diameter of 800 metres (2,600 ft). The cone was constructed by andesite pyroclastic material and features a summit crater. The cone was formed 3.5 million years ago and has been degraded by erosion since then.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
Durgapur railway station
Durgapur is a model railway station on the Bardhaman–Asansol section. It is located in Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves Durgapur, the third most populous city in West Bengal, and the surrounding industrial areas. It was ranked the third-cleanest railway station in India in 2019.

Durgapur
Durgapur (Bengali pronunciation: [durgapur]), is a major industrial hub and a planned urban agglomeration in the Indian state of West Bengal. It stands on the northern bank of the Damodar river and is located in Paschim Bardhaman district. Durgapur is a major centre for producing steel and manufacturing train wheels in India. Over the past few years, this city has also been developed as a hub for the IT industry in India. The city was planned by Bidhan Chandra Roy, Joseph Allen Stein and Benjamin Polk in 1955. Durgapur is the only city in eastern India to have an operational dry dock. Durgapur has been nicknamed the 'Steel Backbone of Industrial Bengal'.
Hayden Barnes controversy
In May 2007, T. Hayden Barnes, a student at Valdosta State University (VSU) was "administratively withdrawn" for criticizing the construction of two new parking garages on campus.  University President Ronald Zaccari said Barnes's criticism was "threatening" and, over the objection of other administrators, deemed Barnes a danger to the VSU campus.  In 2008 Barnes filed a lawsuit which, after several rulings and appeals, led to $900,000 settlement against the university in July 2015.

Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression
The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE), formerly called the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit civil liberties group founded in 1999 with the mission of protecting freedom of speech on college campuses in the United States. FIRE changed its name in June 2022, when it broadened its focus from colleges to freedom of speech throughout American society. The New York Times describes FIRE as an "increasingly prominent free-speech organization".

FIRE is nonpartisan and has challenged Democratic and Republican politicians for threatening First Amendment rights. FIRE also rates academic institutions based on their free speech policies, adjudicates free speech controversies on college campuses, and educates the public in other ways. FIRE's president and CEO is attorney Greg Lukianoff, a regular commentator on First Amendment-related issues. The group has 120 employees, including a litigation department of about 20 lawyers.