hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Ball (geologist)
John Ball was an English geologist born in Derby in 1872. He completed his technical education at Freiberg University of Mining and Technology and got a Doctor's degree from the University of Zurich. Ball traveled to the Saharan Desert in 1897. During his life, he explored and surveyed the deserts of Egypt and Sudan, up until his death in 1941 in Port Said.

Ball surveyed the Qattara Depression in Egypt, which lies below sea level, and made the first study of the possibility that this depression could be used for hydroelectric power generation. This concept, the Quattara Depression Project, is unusual in that salt water would be flowing from the Mediterranean Sea into the Qattara Depression, forming an artificial lake below sea level.

Freiberg University of Mining and Technology
The Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (abbreviation: TU Bergakademie Freiberg, TUBAF) is a public university of technology with 4,389 students in the city of Freiberg, Saxony, in Germany. The university's focuses are exploration, mining and extraction, processing, and recycling of natural resources & scrap, as well as developing new materials and researching renewable energies. It is the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world.
Idar Mathiassen
Idar Mathiassen (born 15 June 1976) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for Åkra IL, SK Vard Haugesund and then Viking FK, appearing in 31 Eliteserien matches from 1998 to 2000. He later joined FK Haugesund and then Norwegian Third Division side Kopervik IL.

SK Vard Haugesund
Sportsklubben Vard Haugesund is a Norwegian professional football club located in Haugesund. The team currently plays in the 3. divisjon after being relegated from the 2. divisjon in 2025. The team reached the Norwegian Football Cup finals in 1962 and 1975. Vard played in the Norwegian top flight in 1976.
Oliver Backhouse
Admiral Oliver Backhouse, CB (5 June 1875 – 25 March 1943) was a Royal Navy officer.

Backhouse was the son of the banker Sir Jonathan Backhouse, 1st Baronet, and the younger brother of Sir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet. Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Backhouse, First Sea Lord from 1938 to 1939, was his younger brother.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Roza Eskenazi
Roza Eskenazi (Greek: Ρόζα Εσκενάζυ; c. 1895 – 2 December 1980) was a Greek dancer and singer of rebetiko, Greek folk music, Kanto and Turkish folk music born in Istanbul, whose recording and stage career extended from the late 1920s into the 1970s.

Turkish folk music
Turkish folk music (Turkish: Türk Halk Müziği) is the traditional music of Turkish people living in Turkey influenced by the cultures of Anatolia and former territories in Europe and Asia. Its unique structure includes regional differences under one umbrella. It includes popular music from the Ottoman Empire era. After the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ordered a wide-scale classification and archiving of samples of Turkish folk music from around the country, which, from 1924 to 1953 collected more than 10,000 folk songs. Traditional folk music was combined with Western harmony and musical notation to create a more modern style of popular Turkish music.
ACC Women's Premier Cup
The ACC Women's Premier Cup is a limited-overs international cricket tournament organized by the Asian Cricket Council (ACC). It is contested by the women's national teams of the associate members of ACC. It is part of the qualification pathway for the Women's Asia Cup.

The inaugural tournament was held in February 2024 with Malaysia as the host.
It was contested by sixteen teams, with Indonesia and Japan entering the tournament as invitees from the East Asia-Pacific region.

Japan women's national cricket team
The Japan women's national cricket team represents Japan in international women's cricket matches.

In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) decided to grant full Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Japan women and other ICC members since 1 July 2018 have the full WT20I status.
Congressional-Executive Commission on China
The Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) is an independent agency of the U.S. government which monitors human rights and rule of law developments in the People's Republic of China. The commission was given the mandate by the U.S. Congress to monitor and report on human rights issues with a particular focus on compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Its reporting covers developments in freedom of expression, the right to peaceful assembly, religious freedom, freedom of movement, freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention or torture, and the right to a fair trial, among others. The commission publishes an annual report to the President of the United States and Congress, typically in the fall of each year. It also maintains a database of prisoners of conscience, holds regular roundtables and hearings, and issues letters to other institutions concerning human rights matters.

Arbitrary arrest and detention
Arbitrary arrest and detention is the arrest and detention of an individual in a case in which there is no likelihood or evidence that they committed a crime against legal statute, or in which there has been no proper due process of law or order. Arbitrary arrest and detention is similar to but legally distinct from wrongful detention, which is broader in scope and does not involve arrest.
Narrows Covered Bridge
The Narrows Covered Bridge crosses Sugar Creek at the eastern edge of Turkey Run State Park in Parke County, Indiana and is a single span Burr Arch Truss covered bridge structure that was built by Joseph A. Britton in 1882.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Parke County, Indiana
Parke County lies in the western part of the U.S. state of Indiana along the Wabash River. The county was formed in 1821 out of a portion of Vigo County. According to the 2020 census, the population was 16,156. The county seat is Rockville. It has a population density of about 39 inhabitants per square mile (15/km2). The county contains six incorporated towns and many unincorporated communities. It is divided into 13 townships which provide local services.

Two U.S. Routes and five state highways pass through or into the county, along with one major railroad line.

Parke County has 31 covered bridges and is widely referred to as the 'Covered Bridge Capital of the World'.  It is the site for the Parke County Covered Bridge Festival which has been held in October each year.

Parke County is included in the Terre Haute, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kiro Urdin
Kiro Urdin (Macedonian: Киро Урдин; born 1945 in Strumica, Macedonia) is a visual, multimedia artist and film director. He is the artistic founder of the Planetarism movement. He represented France at the French Festival in Tapei, and the Republic of Macedonia at the Thessaloniki - Culture Capital of Europe ’97 event in Greece. His ballet 'Planetarium' (with Debbie Wilson) and his film of the same name were performed at the United Nations 60th Anniversary. He is a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Knight Order in the Order of Art and Literature of the French Republic.

Kiro is a citizen of both Macedonia and France.

Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Macedonian: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, МАНУ, romanized: Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite, MANU) is an academic institution in North Macedonia.
Gundam War Collectible Card Game
Gundam War: Mobile Suit Gundam the Card Game also known simply as Gundam War is an out-of-print collectible card game based on the Gundam anime series produced by Bandai.  Players can simulate battles in the anime series.  The game is designed for 2 players, though there may be different fan-created multiplayer rules.  This game is sometimes confused with the Gundam M.S. War Trading Card Game, since both are published by Bandai and are based on the Gundam series.

Mobile Suit Victory Gundam
Mobile Suit Victory Gundam (機動戦士V（ヴィクトリー）ガンダム, Kidō Senshi Vikutorī Gandamu; Mobile Suit V Gundam), is a 1993 Japanese science fiction anime television series. It consists of 51 episodes, and was directed by Gundam creator Yoshiyuki Tomino. The series was first broadcast on TV Asahi (and its ANN stations).  It is the fourth TV anime installment in the Gundam franchise, first series in the franchise released in Japan's Heisei period, and the final full series to be set in the Universal Century calendar.
Percent of households with guns by country
This is a list of countries by the estimated percent of households with guns. It is further broken down by the estimated percent of households with handguns. Also, by the estimated percent of adults living in armed households. The data is from GunPolicy.org which is hosted by the Sydney Medical School, at the University of Sydney in Australia. GunPolicy.org consolidates this data from various sources. To avoid problems with vetting the data for hundreds of countries from hundreds of sources, the table below only uses data compiled by GunPolicy.org.

See also: Estimated number of civilian guns per capita by country. It provides estimates of the total number of civilian guns in a country. It then calculates the number per 100 people. This number for a country does not indicate the percentage of the population that possesses guns. This is because individuals can possess more than one gun.

Household
A household consists of one or more persons who live in the same dwelling. It may be of a single family or another type of person group. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models, and is important to economics and inheritance.

Household models include families, blended families, shared housing, group homes, boarding houses, houses of multiple occupancy (UK), and single room occupancy (US). In feudal societies, the royal household and medieval households of the wealthy included servants and other retainers.
Thomas Tipping Aveling
Thomas Tipping Aveling (1770 – 22 September 1820) was an Anglican priest in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Aveling was born in Bedfordshire, England to William Aveling (1743-1790) and Elizabeth Tipping (1744-1801).  Educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He held incumbencies at Aspley Guise and Husborne Crawley. He was Archdeacon of Derry from 1813 until his death.

Aspley Guise
Aspley Guise is a village and civil parish in the west of Central Bedfordshire, England. In addition to the village of Aspley Guise itself, the civil parish also includes part of the town of Woburn Sands, the rest of which is in the City of Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire. Together with Woburn Sands and Aspley Heath, it forms part of the Milton Keynes urban area. It is centred 6 miles (9.7 km) east southeast of Central Milton Keynes and 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the M1 junction 13.  It has its own railway station on the Marston Vale Line, and an historic centre with 29 listed buildings.
Battle of Berne (1954 FIFA World Cup)
The Battle of Berne (Hungarian: Berni csata, Portuguese: Batalha de Berna, German: Schlacht bei Bern, French: Bataille de Berne, Italian: Battaglia di Berna, Romansh: Battaglia da Berna) was a football match at the 1954 World Cup between Hungary and Brazil, a quarter-final played on 27 June 1954 at the Wankdorf Stadium in Bern, Switzerland.
Violent conduct and fighting prompted English referee Arthur Ellis to send off three players during the match. Fighting between the teams continued in the dressing rooms after the final whistle.

Wankdorf Stadium
Wankdorf Stadium (German: Wankdorfstadion, pronounced [ˈvaŋkdɔʁfˌʃtaːdi̯ɔn] ⓘ) was a football stadium in Bern, Switzerland, and the home of Swiss club BSC Young Boys. Built in 1925, it hosted the finals of the 1954 FIFA World Cup, the 1960–61 European Cup, and the 1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup.

The stadium was demolished in 2001, and replaced in 2005 by the Stadion Wankdorf on the same site.
Pospelikha
Pospelikha (Russian: Поспелиха) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Pospelikha, Altai Krai, a selo in Pospelikhinsky Selsoviet of Pospelikhinsky District of Altai Krai

Pospelikha, Moscow Oblast, a village in Lyubuchanskoye Rural Settlement of Chekhovsky District of Moscow Oblast

Pospelikha, Bogorodsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Khvoshchevsky Selsoviet of Bogorodsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Pospelikha, Varnavinsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Mikhaleninsky Selsoviet of Varnavinsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Varnavinsky District
Varnavinsky District (Russian: Варна́винский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Varnavinsky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,523.4 square kilometers (974.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Varnavino. Population: 13,366 (2010 Census);  15,867 (2002 census); 15,130 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Varnavino accounts for 26.0% of the district's total population.
Sinanju Chongnyon station
Sinanju Ch'ŏngnyŏn station is a satellite railway station in Sinanju, a town in Yŏkchŏn-dong, Anju-si, South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea. It is the junction point of the P'yŏngŭi and Kaech'ŏn lines of the Korean State Railway. It is located near the Ch'ŏngch'ŏn River, which forms the boundary between South P'yŏngan and North P'yŏngan provinces.

Korean State Railway
The Korean State Railway is the operating arm of the Ministry of Railways of North Korea (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 철도성; MR: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk Ch'ŏltosŏng), commonly called the State Rail (Korean: 국철; MR: Kukch'ŏl). Its headquarters are in P'yŏngyang. The current Minister of Railways is Chang Jun-song.
The More We Are Together
The More We Are Together is a British television comedy which aired in 1971 and was produced by Yorkshire Television. Cast included Betty Marsden, Victor Brooks, Avril Angers and Roy Barraclough. The series exists in the archives, despite the wiping of the era.

Lost television broadcast
Lost television broadcasts are television programs that were not preserved after their original airing, rendering them permanently unavailable for both public and private screening. Because of this, they are considered a form of lost media, particularly affecting television shows or films that aired before the widespread use of home video recording and digital archiving. A significant portion of early television programming was never recorded, largely because recording equipment was unavailable or the content was considered to have little monetary or historical value.
HMS Lauderdale
HMS Lauderdale was a Hunt-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. Ships of this class were designed as cheap, easily built vessels for convoy escort and antisubmarine duties. She was named like her sisters after a fox hunt, in her case one in Berwickshire. War bonds were issued to finance the building of warships. During Warship Week held in 1942 the civil community of Berwickshire adopted the ship. She has been the only Royal Navy warship to carry this name.

Fox hunting
Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking, chase and, if caught, the killing of a fox, normally a red fox, by trained foxhounds or other scent hounds. A group of unarmed followers, led by a "master of foxhounds" (or "master of hounds"), follow the hounds on foot or on horseback.

Fox hunting with hounds, as a formalised activity, originated in England in the sixteenth century, in a form very similar to that practised until February 2005, when a law banning the activity in England and Wales came into force. A ban on hunting in Scotland had been passed in 2002, but it continues to be within the law in Northern Ireland and several other jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada, France, Ireland and the United States.

The sport is controversial, particularly in the United Kingdom. Proponents of fox hunting view it as an important part of rural culture and useful for reasons of conservation and pest control, while opponents argue it is cruel and unnecessary.
Crumrod, Arkansas
Crumrod is an unincorporated community in Phillips County, Arkansas, United States. Crumrod is located on Arkansas Highway 44, 13 miles (21 km) south-southwest of Elaine. Crumrod has a post office with ZIP code 72328.

Phillips County, Arkansas
Phillips County is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Arkansas, in what is known as the Arkansas Delta along the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,568. The county seat is Helena–West Helena. Phillips County is Arkansas's seventh (7th) county, formed on May 1, 1820. It was named for Sylvanus Phillips, the area's first-known white or European-American settler; he was elected as representative to the first Territorial Legislature of the Arkansas Territory. This fertile lowland area was developed for cotton plantations in the antebellum area and is still largely rural and agricultural. The Helena-West Helena, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Phillips County.
Mortonagrion varralli
Mortonagrion varralli, the brown dartlet, is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae, endemic to India. The insect is named after Frederic Charles Fraser's wife, Ethel Grace Fraser (née Varrall) (1881-1960), a constant companion of his collecting trips in India.

Frederic Charles Fraser
Frederic Charles Fraser (15 February 1880, in Woolwich – 2 March 1963, in Linwood) was an English entomologist who specialised in Odonata. Following army service in India as a surgeon with the rank of lieutenant colonel, Fraser devoted himself entirely to dragonflies, mostly in the British Museum (Natural History), where his collection is maintained. Fraser's correspondence with A. Eric Gardner is in the library of the Natural History Museum, London. Fraser's correspondence with the Irish odonatologist Niall McNeill is in the Oxford University Museum. He was a fellow of the Royal Entomological Society.
Kharinskaya
Kharinskaya (Russian: Харинская) is a rural locality (a village) in Abakanovskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2002. There are 6 streets.

Cherepovetsky District
Cherepovetsky District (Russian: Черепове́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Belozersky District in the north, Kirillovsky District in the northwest, Sheksninsky District in the east, Poshekhonsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the southeast, Breytovsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the south, Vesyegonsky District of Tver Oblast in the southwest, Ustyuzhensky District in the west, and with Kaduysky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 7,640 square kilometers (2,950 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Cherepovets (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 41,025 (2010 Census); 40,871 (2002 Census); 48,336 (1989 Soviet census).
PP3
PP3 is free software that produces sky charts, focussing on high quality graphics and typography. It is distributed a license based on the MIT License, but with this restriction added:

If you copy or distribute a modified version of this Software, the entire resulting derived work must be given a different name and distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.

Sky charts are produced as LaTeX files, so an installation of LaTeX and Ghostscript is required to obtain results in PostScript or PDF formats. Knowledge of command line syntax for these packages is however not required, as PP3 can run the conversions automatically.

Initially Wikipedia's own star charts were produced by PP3. PP3 generates maps in the azimuthal equidistant projection.

PostScript
PostScript (PS) is a page description language and dynamically typed, stack-based programming language. It is most commonly used in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing realm, but as a Turing complete programming language, it can be used for many other purposes as well. PostScript was created at Adobe Systems by John Warnock, Charles Geschke, Doug Brotz, Ed Taft and Bill Paxton from 1982 to 1984. The most recent version, PostScript 3, was released in 1997.
Open campaign
An open campaign is an activist or civil society campaign with a clear goal and transparent methods. This is contrast to political action planned secretly in closed groups. Open campaigns often seek meaningful involvement in campaign planning from a range of people affected by or interested in the campaign issue. One notable proponent of open campaigning is Greenpeace.

Open campaigns share information about their cause by various methods including social media, videos, public talks, organizing meetings, leaflet and mailing distribution, press releases, petitions. Action taken may include, writing letters to officials, public protest or direct action. The location and timing of a campaign is usually also an important consideration. Transparent fundraising may also be an element of an open campaign.

Petition
A petition is a request to do something, most commonly addressed to a government official or public entity.  Petitions to a deity are a form of prayer called supplication.

In the colloquial sense, a petition is a document addressed to an official and signed by numerous individuals. A petition may be oral rather than written, or may be transmitted via the Internet.
Rodmond Beach
Rodmond Vernon Beach (May 18, 1865 – September 28, 1898) was an American tennis player.

Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Beach was the son of a lawyer and attended Yale Law School, which he graduated from in 1889. He had two brothers and one sister.

Beach was active in tennis during his youth and won an unofficial mixed doubles title at the 1890 U.S. National Championships, partnering Mabel Cahill. In 1892, Beach and Elisabeth Moore were the losing mixed doubles finalists.

During the Spanish–American War,  Beach was posted to Puerto Rico with the 1st United States Volunteer Engineers to serve as a First Lieutenant and Adjutant. He died of typhoid fever in Ponce at the age of 33.

Elisabeth Moore
Elisabeth 'Bessie' Holmes Moore (March 5, 1876 – January 22, 1959) was an American tennis champion who was active at the beginning of the 20th century. Moore won the singles title at the U.S. Championships on four occasions. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1971.