hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Property Measurement Standards
International Property Measurement Standard (IPMS) is a standardised and globally applicable method for measuring property.  It aims to address current inconsistencies in the way property of all types is measured from one market to the next, improving property market data and providing greater transparency.

Real estate appraisal
Real estate appraisal, home appraisal, property valuation or land valuation is the process of assessing the value of real property (usually market value). The appraisal is conducted by a licensed appraiser. Real estate transactions often require appraisals to ensure fairness, accuracy, and financial security for all parties involved.

Appraisal reports form the basis for mortgage loans, settling estates and divorces, taxation, etc. Sometimes an appraisal report is also used to establish a sale price for a property. Factors like size of the property, condition, age, and location play a key role in the valuation.
Drowned Out
Drowned Out is a 2002 documentary by Franny Armstrong about the Sardar Sarovar Project. Shot over three years, Drowned Out follows one family's stand against a government dam project which is set to destroy their home and their village.

2002 in film
2002 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country- and genre- specific lists of films released, notable deaths and film debuts. Paramount Pictures and Universal Pictures celebrated their 90th anniversaries in 2002.
Metis Institute of Polytechnic
Metis Polytechnic is a polytechnic and technology school in Haryana established in 2008. It is affiliated to the Directorate of Technical Education (DTE), Panchkula and provides Diploma level technical education to its students.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
HAMMER2
HAMMER2 is a successor to the HAMMER filesystem, redesigned from the ground up to support enhanced clustering. HAMMER2 supports online and batched deduplication, snapshots, directory entry indexing, multiple mountable filesystem roots, mountable snapshots, a low memory footprint, compression, encryption, zero-detection, data and metadata checksumming, and synchronization to other filesystems or nodes. It lacks support for extended file attributes ("xattr").

Root directory
In a computer file system, and primarily used in the Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the root directory is the first or top-most directory in a hierarchy.  It can be likened to the trunk of a tree, as the starting point where all branches originate from.  The root file system is the file system contained on the same disk partition on which the root directory is located; it is the filesystem on top of which all other file systems are mounted as the system boots up.
1905 Grand National
The 1905 Grand National was the 67th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 31 March 1905.

It was won by Kirkland, a 6/1 shot that had been trained in Wales. He was the first Welsh-trained horse to have won the Grand National, and was ridden by Frank Mason.

Frank Mason (jockey)
Frank "Titch" Mason (born Francis Mason, 4 April 1879 – 23 October 1969) was an English jockey who was British jump racing Champion Jockey six times between 1901 and 1907, winning the Grand National in 1905 on the horse Kirkland.
Mandor railway station
Mandor railway station is a main railway station in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan. Its code is MDB. It serves Jodhpur city. The station consists of 2 platforms. The platform is not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation. It is located approximately 8 km from Jodhpur railway station. The railway station is under the administrative control of North Western Railway of Indian Railways.

Jodhpur district
Jodhpur district (IPA: [ˈd͡ʒoːd̪ʱ.pʊɾ]) is a district in the State of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Jodhpur is the administrative headquarters of the district.

As of the 2011 census, it is the second highest populated district of Rajasthan (out of 33), after Jaipur district.

Jodhpur is the historic center of the Marwar region. The district contains Mandore, the ancient capital of the Pratihara Rajput kings (8th-13th centuries), and the Pratiharas' temple city of Osiyan. Jodhpur was founded in the 15th century by Rao Jodha, and served as the capital of the kingdom of Marwar under the Rathore dynasty until after Indian Independence in 1947.
Kari Dass
Kari Dass is a village in the Badhra tehsil of the Charkhi Dadri district in the Indian state of Haryana. Located approximately 34 kilometres (21 mi)  south west of the district headquarters town of Charkhi Dadri, as of the 2011 Census of India, the village had 257 households with a total population of 1,387 of which 720 were male and 667 female.

Badhra
Badhra is a tehsil, sub-division and assembly constituency in the Charkhi Dadri district of the Indian state of Haryana. It is located 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of district headquarters Charkhi Dadri, 44 kilometres (27 mi) south west of city of Bhiwani and 145 kilometres (90 mi) east of the national capital Delhi. As of the 2011 Census of India, the tehsil had 22,407 households with a total population of 118,084 of which 62,791 were male and 55,293 female.
Crush Tonight
"Crush Tonight" is a song performed by American rapper Fat Joe featuring American R&B singer Ginuwine. It was released on August 27, 2002 via Atlantic Records as the lead single from Fat Joe's fifth studio album Loyalty. Written by Fat Joe, Ginuwine, Larry "Precision" Gates, Armageddon, Cool & Dre, it was produced by Precision. An accompanying music video was directed by Benny Boom.

In the United States, the song peaked at number 77 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 29 on both the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, and number 17 on the Hot Rap Songs charts. It also made it to number 42 on the UK singles chart and number 12 on the UK Official Hip Hop and R&B Singles Chart, as well as reaching number 92 in Germany.

DJ Khaled had made a cameo appearance in the music video.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Leonard Gibbs (musician)
Leonard William Gibbs Jr. (November 8, 1948 – September 15, 2021), also known as Doc Gibbs, was an American percussionist. Gibbs studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in the early 1970s. He toured with  Anita Baker, Whitney Houston, Bob James, Ricki Lee Jones, Al Jarreau, Grover Washington, Jr., Wyclef Jean, Erykah Badu, Eric Bennett, and James Poyser. He acquired the nickname "Doc" after suggesting herbal remedies to jazz saxophonist Grover Washington, Jr.

He headed the house band on the Food Network television show Emeril Live hosted by Emeril Lagasse, until it was cancelled in December 2007.

Gibbs died from prostate cancer on September 15, 2021, at the age of 72.

Al Jarreau
Alwin Lopez Jarreau (March 12, 1940 – February 12, 2017) was an American singer. His 1981 album Breakin' Away spent two years on the Billboard 200 and is considered one of the finest examples of the Los Angeles pop and R&B sound. The album won Jarreau the 1982 Grammy for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. In all, he won ten Grammy Awards and was nominated 19 other times during his career.

Jarreau also sang the theme song of the 1980s television series Moonlighting and was among the performers on the 1985 charity song "We Are the World".
Raha Raissnia
Raha Raissnia (born 1968, Tehran, Iran) is a contemporary artist based in New York City, known for her painting, drawing, filmmaking and performance art. Raissnia manipulates cinema's structural elements in loop installations and live performances. She often alters and tunes the mechanical parts of her film projectors, relying on her hand and playing them similarly to the way musicians play instruments.

Raissnia presented a solo exhibition in 2017–2018 at the Drawing Center in New York, and in 2016, her work was the subject of a solo presentation at the Museum of Modern Art, also in New York. Her work has also been featured in the 56th Venice Biennale, All the World's Futures, curated by Okwui Enwezor and has been included in group exhibitions at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and at The Kitchen in New York, among others.

Okwui Enwezor
Okwui Enwezor // ⓘ (23 October 1963 – 15 March 2019) was a Nigerian curator, art critic, writer, poet, academic administrator, and educator, specializing in art history. Enwezor served as artistic director of several major exhibitions, including Documenta11 (2002) and the 2015 Venice Biennale, becoming the first non-European and African-born curator to lead both. He was director of Munich’s Haus der Kunst from 2011 to 2018. Enwezor was also the founding editor of Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art and held numerous academic appointments. In 2014, he was ranked 24 in the ArtReview list of the 100 most powerful people of the art world. He lived in New York City and Munich. Enwezor died in 2019 after a prolonged battle with cancer.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 222
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 222 (P. Oxy. 222 or P. Oxy. II 222) is a list of ancient Olympic victors by an unknown author, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. It is dated to the third century. Currently it is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts, 1185) in London.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Anthos (play)
Anthos or Antheus (Flower) is a play by the 5th century BCE Athenian dramatist Agathon.    The play has been lost.  The play is mentioned by Aristotle in his Poetics (1451b) as an example of a tragedy with a plot which gives pleasure despite the incidents and characters being entirely made up. Anthos is the only known Greek tragedy play whose plot was entirely invented by the poet. Other 5th century tragedies were based on myth, or less frequently on actual history.

The play's plot is not clear; H. J. Rose claimed that Parthenius of Nicaea sourced the story of Antheus and Cleoboea from this Anthos (or rather Antheus), a typical Potiphar's wife tale where Antheus rejects the married Cleoboea's amorous advances, and she in revenge kills him by throwing a boulder on him after convincing him to go down into a well.

Parthenius of Nicaea
Parthenius of Nicaea (Greek: Παρθένιος ὁ Νικαεύς) or Myrlea (Greek: ὁ Μυρλεανός) in Bithynia was a Greek grammarian and poet. According to the Suda, he was the son of Heraclides and Eudora, or according to Hermippus of Berytus, his mother's name was Tetha. He was taken prisoner by Helvius Cinna in the Mithridatic Wars and carried to Rome in 66 BC. He subsequently visited Neapolis, where he taught Greek to Virgil, according to Macrobius. Parthenius is said to have lived until the accession of Tiberius in 14 AD.

Parthenius was a writer of elegies, especially dirges, and of short epic poems.

He is sometimes called "the last of the Alexandrians".
Lars Schmidt (producer)
Lars Reinhold Schmidt (11 June 1917 – 18 October 2009) was a Swedish theatrical producer, director and publisher. He owned theaters in Paris, France, and Sweden. Schmidt was instrumental in bringing American theater to the European stage. He produced and translated numerous post-war American plays in Europe; including A Street Car Named Desire, Cat On A Hot Tin Roof, Oklahoma! and Anne Frank. He is considered one of the most important cultural personalities of the 20th century evolution and commercialization of European theatre. In a 1964 Life magazine article, he was called "Europe's most important theatrical producer." Lars Schmidt married three-time Academy Award-winning film star Ingrid Bergman in December 1958.

A Streetcar Named Desire
A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams which was first performed on Broadway on December 3, 1947. The play dramatizes the experiences of Blanche DuBois, a former Southern belle who, after encountering a series of personal losses, leaves her once-prosperous situation to move into a shabby apartment in New Orleans rented by her younger sister Stella and brother-in-law Stanley.

A Streetcar Named Desire is one of Williams' most influential plays. It still ranks among his most performed and has inspired many adaptations in other forms, such as a critically acclaimed film released in 1951.
Vicente de la Fuente García
Vicente de la Fuente García (29 January 1934 – 22 December 2021) was a Spanish politician. A member of the Union of the Democratic Centre, he served as Mayor of Betanzos from 1979 to 1983. He died on 22 December 2021, at the age of 87. He was the first Mayor elected in Betanzos after the fall of Francoist Spain.

Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)
The Union of the Democratic Centre (Spanish: Unión de Centro Democrático, UCD, also translated as "Democratic Centre Union") was an electoral alliance, and later political party, in Spain, existing from 1977 to 1983. It was initially led by Adolfo Suárez (1977–1981) and then by Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1981–1982). It was dissolved in 1983 following ideological splits and member defections to other parties, such as the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party or the People's Alliance.
Cheryl Foster
Cheryl Foster MBE (born 4 October 1980) is a Welsh football referee and former player. She became the all-time record appearance holder for the Wales women's national football team in 2009, after making her senior international debut in 1997. At club level Foster spent nine years with Liverpool, playing in the first two seasons of the FA WSL in 2011 and 2012. She signed for Liverpool's FA WSL rivals Doncaster Rovers Belles in January 2013, before retiring later that season.

2011 FA WSL
The 2011 FA WSL was the inaugural season of the FA WSL, the top-level women's football league of England. The season began on 13 April 2011 and ended on 28 August 2011. The league also took a break between 12 May and mid-July to allow preparation for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Arsenal won the competition, their eighth consecutive English title, while Birmingham finished second. The second entry to the UEFA Women's Champions League was supposed to be given to the FA Women's Cup winner, but on 6 December 2011 it was announced that Birmingham as runners-up were given the spot.
Latvian lats
The Latvian lats (plural: lati, plural genitive: latu, second Latvian lats ISO 4217 currency code: LVL) was the currency of Latvia from 1922 until 1940 and from 1993 until it was replaced by the euro on 1 January 2014.  A two-week transition period during which the lats was in circulation alongside the euro ended on 14 January 2014. The lats is abbreviated as Ls and was subdivided into 100 santīmi (singular: santīms; from French centime), abbreviated as an s after the santīm amount.

The Latvian lats has been recognized as one of the 99 entries of the Latvian Culture Canon.

Culture of Latvia
The culture of Latvia combines traditional Latvian and Livonian heritage with influences of the country's varied historical heritage. Latvia is divided into several cultural and historical regions: Vidzeme, Latgale, Courland, Zemgale and Sēlija.
Abu Tayeb Daoud bin Abdul Rahman
Sharif Abu Tayeb Daoud bin Abdul Rahman bin Abi Al-Fatik Abdullah bin Daoud bin Suleiman bin Abdullah who took command of Mecca in 1012 AD was the first Banu Hashim to rule Mecca. He continued to lead the city through 1039. He founded the Mikhlaf al-Sulaymani, and ruled the surrounding areas. He yielded the rule of Hijaz to his brother Sharif Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman bin Abi Al-Fatak. His descendants today are Al-Fakher, Abu Omreen, Al-Mahdi and Al-Hamzah.

Mikhlaf
Mikhlaf (Arabic: مخلاف, plural Makhaleef; مخاليف) was an administrative division in ancient Yemen and is a geographical term used in Yemen. According to Ya'qubi there were eighty-four makhaleef in Yemen. The leader of a mikhlaf is called a Qil (Arabic: قيل, plural Aqial; أقيال).
Liolaemus nigromaculatus
Liolaemus nigromaculatus is a species of tree iguana endemic to the Chilean matorral ecoregion within Chile. The species was first described in 1834, by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann and was later redescribed in 2013 by Chilean biologists.

Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann
Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann (2 June 1802 – 15 January 1841) was a German zoologist and herpetologist born in Braunschweig.

He studied medicine and philology at the University of Leipzig, and afterwards was an assistant to Martin Lichtenstein (1780–1857) in Berlin. In 1828 he became a professor at University of Cologne, and two years later was an extraordinary professor at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin.

Wiegmann specialized in the study of herpetology and mammalogy. In 1835, he founded, together with other scholars, the zoological periodical Archiv für Naturgeschichte, also known as "Wiegmann's Archive". With Johann Friedrich Ruthe (1788–1859) he wrote an important textbook of zoology called Handbuch der Zoologie, and in 1834 Wiegmann published Herpetologia Mexicana, a monograph on the reptiles of Mexico.

In 1841 he died of tuberculosis at the age of 38 in Berlin.

His father Arend Friedrich Wiegmann (1771–1853) was a German researcher in botany.
Children in Need Rocks Manchester
Children in Need Rocks Manchester was a charity music concert held at the Manchester Evening News Arena in Manchester, England, on 17 November 2011. The concert was organised by Take That singer-songwriter Gary Barlow as one of a series of events to raise money for Children in Need 2011. It became the second Children in Need Rocks concert organised by Barlow, after the Children in Need Rocks the Royal Albert Hall in 2009.

Tulisa
Tula Paulinea "Tulisa" Contostavlos (born 13 July 1988), known professionally as Tulisa, is an English singer, songwriter, rapper, and television personality. As a part of the R&B/hip-hop group N-Dubz with her cousin Dappy and friend Fazer, they gained four platinum-certified albums, five MOBO awards, a Brit Award nomination, thirteen top 40 singles, six silver-certified singles, three gold-certified singles, two platinum-certified singles, and three Urban Music Awards.

From 2011 to 2012, Tulisa was a judge on the television talent show The X Factor UK. In 2012, she released her debut solo studio album, The Female Boss, which produced the UK number one single "Young", and the UK top-twenty singles "Live It Up" and "Sight of You". In 2024, Tulisa appeared as a contestant on the twenty-fourth series of the reality television show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, finishing in tenth place. She released the memoir Judgement in 2025.
2002 Swisscom Challenge – Doubles
Lindsay Davenport and Lisa Raymond were the defending champions, but Raymond did not compete this year. Davenport teamed up with Chanda Rubin and lost in quarterfinals to tournament winners Elena Bovina and Justine Henin.

Bovina and Henin won the title by defeating Jelena Dokic and Nadia Petrova 6–2, 7–6(7–2) in the final. It was the 6th title for Bovina and the 2nd title for Henin in their respective doubles careers.

This tournament saw an unusual event, as all seeded pairs were eliminated in their first match.

Evgenia Kulikovskaya
Evgenia Borisovna Kulikovskaya (Russian: Евгения Борисовна Куликовская; born 21 December 1978) is a former professional tennis player from Russia.

She reached her highest singles ranking of No. 91 in June 2003. She had more success in doubles, winning four doubles titles on the WTA Tour and reaching the top 50.

A rarity among tennis players, Kulikovskaya is ambidextrous; she played with two forehands and no backhand, switching her racket hand depending on where the ball was coming from.
Parsons Peak
Parsons Peak is a mountain in Yosemite National Park and the Cathedral Range of California's Sierra Nevada. The peak, located on the Madera–Tuolumne county line, rises to an elevation of 12,153 feet (3,704 m). The mountain has a ridge extending northwest from the summit. On this ridge is a point, referred to as Parsons Peak-Northwest Ridge, which rises to an elevation of about 8,848 feet (2,697 m) and at this point the boundaries of Mariposa, Tuolumne, and Madera counties meet. This point is the highest point in Mariposa County.

Most of the precipitation that falls on the mountain is snow due to the very high elevation.

The peak was named for Edward Taylor Parsons, who for many years was a director of the Sierra Club.

Madera County, California
Madera County (/məˈdɛərə/ ⓘ; Madera, Spanish for "Wood"), officially the County of Madera, is a county located at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. It features a varied landscape, encompassing the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada, with Madera serving as the county seat. Established in 1893 from part of Fresno County, Madera County reported a population of 156,255 in the 2020 census.

The name Madera is Spanish for "wood," a reference to the county’s early lumber industry. Portions of Yosemite National Park lie within the county, and tourism, along with agriculture—particularly almonds, grapes, and pistachios—form major parts of the local economy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county’s median household income is below the state average, and its poverty rate is higher than the California average.
William Malatinsky
William Malatinsky is an American author and frequent contributor to the Virginia Quarterly Review.  His fiction was short-listed for The Best American Short Stories in 2006 and 2010.

He graduated from Kalamazoo College in 2002.

The Best American Short Stories
The Best American Short Stories (BASS) is a yearly anthology that is part of The Best American Series published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Since 1915, Best American Short Stories has anthologized more than 2,000 short stories, including works by some of the most famous writers in contemporary American literature. Along with the O. Henry Awards, Best American Short Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."