hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ladrillar
Ladrillar, also known by its Extremaduran name Lairillal, is a municipality located in Las Hurdes, province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 234 inhabitants.

Extremaduran language
Extremaduran (Extremaduran: estremeñu [ehtːɾeˈmeɲʊ], Spanish: extremeño) is a Western Romance language with some traits in common with Asturleonese language, spoken primarily in northwestern Extremadura and adjacent villages in the province of Salamanca.
Its northern varieties are generally considered a distinct language, while central and southern varieties are regarded as transitional dialects toward standard Spanish.
Siege of Xàtiva (1707)
The Siege of Xàtiva was a siege of Xàtiva in the Kingdom of Valencia. It took place between 8 May and 6 June 1707 during the War of the Spanish Succession. Between 9000 and 11000 Castilan and French troops under Philip of Bourbon commanded by Claude François Bidal d'Asfeld and José Antonio de Chaves Osorio faced an Aragonese and British force of about 2,000 under Miguel Purroi and Josep Marco. The Franco-Castilan forces were victorious and the city's defenders were massacred as an exemplary punishment. Most of the rest of the town's inhabitants were deported to the Manche region and the city was burned down and renamed 'San Felipe'. In reference to this episode in their history, Xàtiva's inhabitants are nicknamed 'socarrats' ('grilled people').

Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia (Valencian: Regne de València; Spanish: Reino de Valencia; Latin: Regnum Valentiae), located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon.

The Kingdom of Valencia was formally created in 1238 when the Moorish taifa of Valencia was taken in the course of the Reconquista. It was dissolved, alongside the other components of the old crown of Aragon, by Philip V of Spain in 1707, by means of the Nueva Planta decrees, as a result of the Spanish War of Succession.

During its existence, the Kingdom of Valencia was ruled by the laws and institutions stated in the Furs (charters) of Valencia; these charters granted it wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon and, later on, under the Spanish Monarchy.

The boundaries and identity of the present Spanish autonomous community of the Valencian Community are essentially those of the former Kingdom of Valencia.
Merikanjaka
Merikanjaka is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Manjakandriana, which is a part of Analamanga Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 95% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are cassava, sweet potatoes and potatoes. Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

Analamanga
Analamanga is a region in central Madagascar, containing the capital Antananarivo and its surrounding metropolitan area. The region has an area of 17,488 square kilometres (6,752 square miles), and had a population of 4,325,226 in 2018.
Laxman Singh Gaur
Laxman Singh Gaur (11 July 1958 – 11 February 2008) was an Indian politician and the higher education minister of Madhya Pradesh.  He upgraded the functionality of the education system in Madhya Pradesh.  He died in a car accident near Dewas on 11 February 2008.

Dewas
Dewas is a city in the Malwa region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The municipality was formerly the seat of two 15-Gun Salute state princely states during the British Raj, Dewas Junior state and Dewas Senior state, ruled by the Pawar clan of the Marathas. The city is the administrative capital of Dewas district. Dewas is an industrialised city and houses a government bank note press.
Jack-in-the-Box (novel)
Jack-in-the-Box is a 1944 detective novel by the British author Alfred Walter Stewart, published under his pseudonym J.J. Connington. It is the sixteenth in his series of novels featuring the Golden Age Detective Sir Clinton Driffield, the Chief Constable of a rural English county. It was published by Hodder and Stoughton in London and Little, Brown and Company in the United States. Writing in The New York Times Isaac Anderson felt that "to appreciate this story fully one should either be well grounded in science or take Sir Clinton’s explanations on trust".

Sir Clinton Driffield
Sir Clinton Driffield is a fictional police detective created by the British author  J.J. Connington. He was one of numerous detectives created during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, making his first appearance in Murder in the Maze in 1927. He appeared in four subsequent novels by 1929 when Connington apparently wished to write him out following Nemesis at Raynham Parva. However, his replacement  Superintendent Ross failed to gain the same level of popularity over two novels and Sir Clinton returned in the 1931 mystery The Boathouse Riddle. He went on to appear in a further eleven novels. The last entry Common Sense Is All You Need was published the year of Connington's death in 1947 and is set in wartime Britain.
Neonopolis
Neonopolis is a shopping center in Downtown Las Vegas, Nevada. Located on Fremont Street at the corner of Las Vegas Boulevard, the 250,000 sq ft (23,000 m2) complex features a mix of restaurants, entertainment venues, and shops. In keeping with the complex's name, it contains three miles of neon lights.

Las Vegas Boulevard
Las Vegas Boulevard is a major road in Clark County, Nevada, United States, best known for the Las Vegas Strip portion of the road and its casinos. Formerly carrying U.S. Route 91 (US 91), which had been the main highway between Los Angeles, California and Salt Lake City, Utah, it has been bypassed by Interstate 15 and serves mainly local traffic with some sections designated State Route 604.
John Woods (Pennsylvania politician)
John Woods,  (1761, Bedford, Pennsylvania – December 16, 1816, Brunswick County, Virginia) was a Pennsylvania politician who served in the Pennsylvania State Senate and in the United States House of Representatives.

He was the son of Colonel George and Jane McDowell. John was  instructed by his father on land surveying. John, his father and his brother George, Jr  performed the original survey of Pittsburgh. On 30 Sep 1784, the laying out of the "Town of Pittsburgh" was completed by Thomas Vickroy and John Woods and approved by the attorney (Tench Francis) of the Penns (John & John Penn, Jr.) in Philadelphia. The survey established the future boundaries of Pittsburgh including a tract called "John Woods Plan". John married Theodosius Higbee in about 1780.  The two settled in Bedford, briefly, soon after. John's brother Henry Woods was also a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania.

Bedford, Pennsylvania
Bedford is a borough, spa town, and the county seat of Bedford County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located 102 miles (164 km) west of Harrisburg, the state capital, and 107 miles (172 km) east of Pittsburgh. Bedford's population was 2,865 at the 2020 census.
Journal of Solid State Chemistry
The Journal of Solid State Chemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. The journal covers the chemical, structural, thermodynamic, electronic, and electromagnetic characteristics and properties of solids, including ceramics and amorphous materials. The editor-in-chief is M.G. Kanatzidis (Northwestern University).

Mercouri Kanatzidis
Mercouri Kanatzidis (Greek: Μερκούριος Κανατζίδης; born 1957) is a Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of chemistry and professor of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University  and Senior Scientist at Argonne National Laboratory.

Kanatzidis was listed as one of the most cited researchers in Materials Science and Engineering in 2016 based on Elsevier Scopus data. He has published over 1,655 manuscripts (h-index =181 Google h-index =210]) and has over 60 patents. Kanatzidis has mentored over 90 Ph.D. students and nearly 130 postdoctoral fellows. More than 90 of these alumni hold academic positions worldwide.
Anthony Romaniw
Anthony Michael Romaniw (born September 15, 1991 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian track and field athlete competing in the middle-distance events, predominantly the 800m event. He competed in the 800 metres at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, where he finished 15th. He represented his country at the 2016 Summer Olympics without reaching the semifinals.

At St. Thomas More Catholic Secondary School, Romaniw was a four sport star in track and cross country where he was the MVP on both teams, badminton and was the captain of the hockey team three times.  He ran two years at Dartmouth College before moving back home to finish at the University of Guelph.

Athletics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres sprint competition of the athletics events at the 2015 Pan American Games will take place between the 22 and 23 of July at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Andy González of Cuba.
First Presbyterian Church (Mineral Wells, Texas)
First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church building at 410 NW 2nd Street in Mineral Wells, Texas.

The Classical Revival building was constructed in 1909 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The structure was demolished sometime in the 1980s and replaced.

Mineral Wells, Texas
Mineral Wells is a city in Palo Pinto and Parker Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. Its population was 14,820 at the 2020 census. The city is named for mineral wells in the area, which were highly popular in the early 1900s.
Stecher
Stecher is a German surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Dino Stecher (born 1964), Swiss ice hockey player

Edi Stecher, Austrian Righteous among the Nations

Emma Dietz Stecher (1905–1998), American biochemist

Jody Stecher (born 1946), American singer and musician

Joe Stecher (1893–1974), American wrestler

Mario Stecher (born 1977), Austrian skier

Peter Stecher (born 1965), Austrian archer

Reinhold Stecher (1921–2013), Austrian Catholic prelate

Renate Stecher (born 1950), German athlete

Tony Stecher (1889–1954), American wrestler

Troy Stecher (born 1994), Canadian ice hockey player

William Stecher (1869–1926), American baseball player

Tony Stecher
Anton Charles Stecher (February 7, 1889 – October 10, 1954) was an American professional wrestler, professional wrestling and boxing promoter and trainer. He was the booker and trainer for his brother, World Heavyweight Wrestling Champion Joe Stecher, and later was America's top wrestling promoter. In 1948, Stecher was one of five promoters to back Paul "Pinkie" George in the formation of the National Wrestling Alliance.

In boxing, he was a prominent promoter in the sport, particularly from 1944–1954, and is credited with reviving boxing in Minnesota during the 1940s. He is a member of the Minnesota Boxing Hall of Fame (Class of 2013) and the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)
Jenny Rosenthal Bramley
Jenny Rosenthal Bramley (July 31, 1909 – May 26, 1997) was a Russian-born American physicist. She held numerous patents on electroluminescence and electro-optics, and was cited by the IEEE as being "well known for her innovative work in lasers."  She was the second woman elected as a fellow of the IEEE.

Electro-optics
Electro–optics is a branch of electrical engineering, electronic engineering, materials science, and material physics involving components, electronic devices such as lasers, laser diodes, LEDs, waveguides, etc. which operate by the propagation and interaction of light with various tailored materials. It is closely related to photonics, the branch of optics that involves the application of the generation of photons. It is not only concerned with the "electro–optic effect", since it deals with the interaction between the electromagnetic (optical) and the electrical (electronic) states of materials.
Paul Dermée
Paul Dermée (1886–1951) was a Belgian writer, poet, and literary critic. Born Camille Janssen in Liège, Belgium in 1886, he died in Paris in 1951.

He knew the painters Pablo Picasso, Juan Gris, Sonia and Robert Delaunay and the poets Valery Larbaud and Max Jacob.

His wife, Céline Arnauld, was also an active poet and participant in the Parisian Dadaist movement.

Discovered by the writer Tristan Tzara, Dermée took the risk during WWII to disseminate the Dada review in the province of Zurich. In exchange, he received the title of Proconsul Dada.

He was director of the magazine L'Esprit Nouveau.

Robert Delaunay
Robert Delaunay (French: [ʁɔbɛʁ dəlonɛ]; 12 April 1885 – 25 October 1941) was a French artist of the School of Paris movement; who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, co-founded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. His later works were more abstract. His key influence related to the bold use of colour and a clear love of experimentation with both depth and tone.
Kambiz (given name)
Kambiz or Cambiz is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Cambiz Fachericia, a.k.a. Lasse Lindroth (1972–1999), Iranian-Swedish comedian, actor, and writer

Kambiz Atabay (1939–2025), Iranian football administrator

Kambiz Derambakhsh (1942–2021), Iranian designer, illustrator, and graphic artist

Kambiz Dirbaz (born 1975), Iranian actor

Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, Iranian-American academic

Kambiz Hosseini (born 1975), Iranian political satirist, actor, television host, and radio host

Kambiz Norouzi, Iranian lawyer and university professor

Kambiz Roshanravan (born 1949), Iranian performing musician, composer, conductor, and music teacher

Kambiz Vafai, American mechanical engineer, inventor, academic, and author

Kambiz Dirbaz
Kambiz Dirbaz (Persian: کامبیز دیرباز; born September 3, 1975) is an Iranian actor. He is best known for his roles in Duel (2006), The Outcast (2007), In the Eye of the Wind (2009–2010), and Michael (2015). He has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh.
Bairagi Kailaka Kabitaharu
Bairagi Kailaka Kabitharu (Nepali: वैरागी काइँलाका कविताहरू, lit. 'Poems of Bairagi Kainla') is a 1974 Nepali poetry collection by Bairagi Kainla. It was published in 1974 (2031 BS) by Sajha Prakashan. It is the first book of the author. The poems in this collection were later reprinted in a book titled Bairagi Kainla ka Sankalit Kavita with his other poems by Phoenix Books. Kainla is known as progenitor of the Tesro Aayam (Third Dimension) movement in Nepali literature alongside Indra Bahadur Rai and Ishwor Ballav. He received the Sajha Puraskar for this book.

Nepali literature
Nepali literature (Nepali: नेपाली साहित्य) refers to literature written in the Nepali language. The Nepali language has been the national language of Nepal since 1958.

Nepali evolved from Sanskrit and it is difficult to exactly date the history of Nepali language literature since most of the early scholars wrote in Sanskrit. It is, however, possible to roughly divide Nepali literature into five periods.
Tarbha Wale Baba
Sayyed Abdul Sakur Baba of Tarbha is one of the extremely popular personalities of Sufi Order. Tarbha Waale Baba also known as Sayyed Abdul Sakur Baba also at times referred as Aulade Ghause Azam Abdul Shukur Khan Baba. His most common name is Tarba Wale baba from Tarbha Sharif.

Abdul Qadir Gilani
Abdul Qadir Gilani (c. 1077 or 1078 – c. 1166) was a Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi mystic leader who was the eponym of the Qadiriyya, one of the oldest Sufi orders.

He was born in c. 1077 or 1078 in the town of Na'if, Rezvanshahr in Gilan, Persia, and died in 1166 in Baghdad. His epithet, Gilani refers to his place of birth, Gilan, while the epithet, Baghdadi, referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad.
Ann Sudmalis
Ann Elizabeth Sudmalis (née Hardinge; born 16 September 1955) is an Australian former politician. She was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives, representing the Division of Gilmore in New South Wales, from September 2013 until April 2019.

Municipality of Kiama
The Municipality of Kiama is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is situated south of Shellharbour and the City of Wollongong and is located adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, the Princes Highway and the South Coast railway line.
Enn Pant
Enn Pant (born in 1965) is an Estonian entrepreneur.

1992–1996 he was the chancellor of Ministry of Finance.

He has been (eg in 2014) the major shareholder of Tallink.

In 2011 he was awarded with Order of the White Star, III class.

Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Estonian: Valgetähe teenetemärk; French: Ordre de l'Etoile blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens and foreigners to give recognition for services rendered to the Estonian state.
Mandallaz Mountain
Geographically, the Mandallaz Mountain is a small pre-Alpine massif 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long by 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 mi) wide, between 500 metres (1,600 ft) and 929 metres (3,048 ft) high (the top is called "The Head"), north-west of Annecy in the Haute-Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. The Mandallaz has a mirror break, which provoked an earthquake in 1996.

Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ʁon alp] ⓘ) was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the river Rhône and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region.
UIF Corporation
UIF Corporation (UIF) is an American financial service company headquartered in Southfield, Michigan. It provides residential and commercial real estate financing, vehicle financing, and time deposit savings accounts conforming to Islamic principles that prohibit the payment and receipt of interest. Commercial real-estate financing and home financing are provided through the company's partnership programs.

UIF has received national media attention from NPR and The New York Times for its unique services.  UIF’s faith-based lending program has been highlighted in a speech of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and in the official magazine of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.

UIF currently offers financing, including murabaha and ijarah, in many U.S. states.

Southfield, Michigan
Southfield is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Southfield lies roughly 15 miles (24.1 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. The city had a population of 76,618 at the 2020 census.

Southfield home to multiple business districts, including the Southfield City Centre (an edge city which contains the tallest building in Detroit's suburbs) and the area surrounding the former Northland Center shopping mall. It is also home to  Lawrence Technological University. The city was originally part of Southfield Township before incorporating in 1958. The autonomous city of Lathrup Village is an enclave within Southfield.
Military camp
A military camp or bivouac is a semi-permanent military base, for the lodging of an army. Camps are erected when a military force travels away from a major installation or fort during training or operations, and often have the form of large campsites.

In the British Army, Commonwealth armies, the United States Marine Corps, and other military forces, permanent military bases are also called camps, including Tidworth Camp, Blandford Camp, Bulford Camp, and Devil's Tower Camp of the British Army; and Camp Lejeune and Camp Geiger of the United States Marine Corps.

Blandford Camp
Blandford Camp is a military base comprising some 390 hectares of downland lying 2 miles (3 km) north-east of Blandford Forum in the county of Dorset in southern England.

Significant areas of the camp are Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

Blandford Camp is currently the home of the Royal Signals, housing both the headquarters of the corps as well as the headquarters of the Defence College of Communications and Information Systems (DCCIS), the Royal School of Signals (which includes 11 Signal Regiment), the Royal Signals Museum and the HQ Station (G4RS) of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society. A number of other telecommunications-related units, such as the MOD Land Systems Reference Centre, are also housed on the site. Over the years, however, the camp has been home to Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Army and joint-Service units, as well as to a US Army hospital complex. The site has also been used as a road racing circuit.
Fayun
Fayun (also romanized as Fa Yun) (Traditional Chinese: 法雲法師; Simplified Chinese: 法云法师; Pinyin: Fǎ Yún Fǎ Shī) (1933–2003) was a Chinese Buddhist monk and thirteenth generation successor in the Yunmen (雲門; Cloud Gate) lineage of the Chan (Zen) school of Chinese Buddhism.

Five Houses of Chan
The Five Houses of Chan (also called the Five Houses of Zen) were the five major schools of Chan Buddhism that originated during Tang China.  Although at the time they were not considered formal schools or sects of Buddhism, they are now regarded as important schools in the history of Chan Buddhism.  Most Chan lineages throughout Asia and the rest of the world originally grew from or were heavily influenced by the original five houses of Chan.
Syed Badrudduja
Syed Badrudduja (Bengali: সৈয়দ বদরুদ্দোজা; 4 January 1900 – 18 November 1974) was an Indian-Bengali politician, parliamentarian, and activist. He was a member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly, member of Indian parliament Lok Sabha and the Mayor of Calcutta. He was involved with the anti-colonials movements like Khilafat Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement, and was an advocate of Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy's United Bengal proposal.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
NGC 3307
NGC 3307 is a lenticular galaxy located about 185 million light-years away in the constellation Hydra. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on March 22, 1836 and is a member of the Hydra Cluster.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Diocese of Ampurias
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Ampurias was a Latin suffragan Catholic bishopric in the north of Sardinia (Italy, Tyrrhenian Sea) from 1070 till its suppression and merger with the Diocese of Civita-Tempio (which kept the cathedral see) into the present Roman Catholic Diocese of Tempio-Ampurias.

Tyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea (/tɪˈriːniən, -ˈreɪ-/, tih-REE-nee-ən ,-RAY-; Italian: Mar Tirreno [mar tirˈrɛːno] or [-ˈreː-]) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. Its namesake is from the Tyrrhenian people, identified with the Etruscans of Italy.