hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oosterkerk, Amsterdam
The Oosterkerk ("eastern church") is a 17th-Century Dutch Reformed church in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The Oosterkerk was built in the period 1669-1671 by architect Daniël Stalpaert and completed by Adriaan Dortsman. The church bells were cast by Pieter Hemony.

The church has not been used for church services since 1962, and fell into decay since then. It was restored in the 1980s.

The layout of the church is in the shape of a Greek cross in which the space between the arms has been partially filled by lower volumes. On the canal side is the main entrance, the elevation of which is supported by a balustrade.

Some 500 people were buried in the church, including Adriaan Dortsman.

Pieter and François Hemony
Pieter Hemony (born Pierre Hemony; 1619 – 20 February 1680) and his brother François Hemony (c. 1609 – 24 May 1667) were the greatest bellfounders in the history of the Low Countries. They developed the carillon, in collaboration with Jacob van Eyck, into a full-fledged musical instrument by casting the first tuned carillon in 1644.

The brothers' skill was unequaled in their time; after their death, their guarded trade secrets were lost, and not until the 19th century were bells of comparable tuning quality cast. Even today, most Hemony bells sound pure and clear.
Gonder, Haryana
Gonder is a village in Karnal district, Haryana, India  with a population of approximately 30,000. It is an historical village, named for Gautam Rishi. The Chauhan clan from Rajput dynasty has a population of 12,000. Brahmin voters are also dominated in this village, with others castes having a population of 18,000. Rajput is the main caste. The main occupation is agriculture.

Karnal district
Karnal district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana, a state in North India which constitutes the National Capital Region (NCR) of the country. The city of Karnal is a part of the National Capital Region (NCR) and is the administrative headquarters of the district.

As it lies on National highway 44 (old NH-1), it has a well connected transport system to the nearby major cities like Delhi and Chandigarh. Karnal District is also well connected via railways. Karnal Junction lies on Delhi-Kalka line and major trains stops at this station. The district headquarter also has a small aerodrome known as karnal airport.
Nayan Raj Pandey
Nayan Raj Pandey (Nepali: नयनराज पाण्डे) is a Nepali writer and screenwriter. He writes stories and novels, as well as screenplays for Nepali cinema. He is known for his representation of contemporary Nepalese society in his novels, presented in a figurative style. He received the Padmashree Sahitya Puraskar for his autobiographical book Yaar in 2017. Ulaar, Loo, Ghamkiri, and Sallipir are Pandey’s popular novels.

Padmashree Sahitya Puraskar
Padmashree Sahitya Puraskar (Nepali: पद्मश्री साहित्य पुरस्कार, lit. 'Padmashree Literature Award') is an annual literary prize in Nepali literature, presented by Khemlal-Harikala Lamichhane Samaaj Kalyan Pratisthan. The award is given to a book that has provided a great contribution in the field of Nepali literature. This award is given alongside Padmashree Sadhana Samman.
2001 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election
Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election of 2001 was held in the U.S. state on October 16, 2001, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative Joe Moakley. Democratic state senator Stephen F. Lynch won the election over Republican state senator Jo Ann Sprague.

Primary elections were held on September 11, 2001. The election was overshadowed by the September 11 attacks, which occurred shortly after polls opened.

Walpole, Massachusetts
Walpole is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Walpole Town, as the Census refers to it, is located approximately 18 miles (29 km) south of downtown Boston, Massachusetts, and 30 miles (48 km) north of Providence, Rhode Island. The population of Walpole was 26,383 at the 2020 census. Walpole was first settled in 1659 and was considered a part of Dedham until officially incorporated in 1724. The town was named after Sir Robert Walpole, de facto first prime minister of Great Britain. It also encompasses the entirely distinct entity of Walpole (CDP), with its much smaller area of 2.9 square miles.
Rajupaja Areena
Kupittaan panohalli ('Kupittaa Multipurpose Hall'), also known as Rajupano Areena for sponsorship reasons, is an arena in the Kupittaa district of Turku, Finland. It is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena of the Mestis team TUTO Hockey and Auroraliiga team TPS Naiset. It was opened on 18 November 2006 on the original site of the Kupittaan jäähalli (Swedish: Kuppishallen), which had opened in 1973 and held 5,500 people.

Ringette is also played at the Rajupaja Areena. In 2011, it hosted the 2011 Ringette World Club Championship. Ten years later in 2022, it hosted an exhibition game between Team Canada and Team Finland with both teams later competing in Espoo at the 2022 World Ringette Championships.

Mestis
Mestis (from Finnish: Mestaruussarja, meaning 'Championship series', stylized as MEST1S) is the second-highest men's ice hockey league in Finland. The league was established by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association in 2000 to replace the I-divisioona ('First Division').

Promotion to the SM-liiga is achievable for a Mestis team if it defeats an SM-liiga club in the qualification series and meets all the criteria established by the SM-liiga. However, Mestis is an open league that allows for relegation and promotion with the third league, Suomi-sarja.

Mestis is also the highest league under the governance of the FIHA.
Chrysopsis floridana
Chrysopsis floridana is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by its common name, Florida golden aster. It is endemic to Florida in the United States, where it is known from Hillsborough, Hardee, Manatee, and Pinellas Counties. It is considered an endemic of the west-central coast of the state in the general vicinity of Tampa Bay. There are 17 to 20 occurrences, many of which have few individuals, but one of which has over one million plants. In 1986 the plant was added to the US endangered species list because it was becoming increasingly rare, it was growing only on private property, and its habitat was unprotected and being destroyed and degraded by a number of forces. It is found at Bell Creek Nature Preserve in Riverview, Florida.

Manatee County, Florida
Manatee County is located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 399,710. Manatee County is part of the Sarasota metropolitan area. Its county seat and largest city is Bradenton, Florida. The county was created in 1855 and named for the West Indian manatee, Florida's official marine mammal. Features of Manatee County include access to the southern part of the Tampa Bay estuary, the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, and the Manatee River.
Stolon
In biology, a stolon (/ˈstoʊlɒn/ ⓘ from Latin stolō, genitive stolōnis – "branch"), also known as a runner, is a horizontal connection between parts of an organism. It may be part of the organism, or of its skeleton. Typically, animal stolons are exoskeletons (external skeletons).

Skeleton
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.

Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton centered around an axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and their skeletons vary, including hard-shelled exoskeleton (arthropods and most molluscs), plated internal shells (e.g. cuttlebones in some cephalopods) or rods (e.g. ossicles in echinoderms), hydrostatically supported body cavities (most), and spicules (sponges). Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates.
John Stephenson (footballer, born 1937)
John Stephenson (14 May 1937 – 14 October 2014) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

The son of Jack Stephenson, who also played for Carlton, he was recruited from Benalla, but played only a single league game (in 1958).

In 1989 he was a passenger on United Airlines Flight 811 from Los Angeles to Sydney via Honolulu and Auckland the Boeing 747 Jumbo cargo door failed mid flight and blown 9 people out, Stephenson was seated 11 rows behind where the fuselage was breached. In October 2014, Stephenson was killed when the Van's RV-6 light aircraft he was piloting crashed into a house in the Melbourne suburb of Chelsea.

Benalla Football Club
The Benalla Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Saints, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in Benalla, Victoria. Its football and netball teams currently compete in the Goulburn Valley Football League.
Dar El Bahdja
Dar El Bahdja (Arabic: دار البهجة) is an Algerian TV series broadcast during the month of Ramadan 2013. It is produced by SD-BOX, directed by Djaffar Gacem, dialogued by Mohamed Charchal.

The series tells the diaries of a popular neighborhood dwellers, problems and events among them in a comedic framework.
It premiere on 2013 on Télévision Algérienne, A3 and Canal Algérie.

TV2 (Algerian TV channel)
TV2 (in Arabic: الجزائرية الثانية), formerly Canal Algérie (French pronunciation: [ka.nal' al.ʒe.ʁi]), English for the Algerian channel, is the second Algerian general public national television channel. The channel is part of the EPTV Group which also includes TV1, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6, TV7, TV8 and TV9. The channel broadcasts its programs 24/7 via different platforms and all over the world.
Peter Irvin Foster
Peter Foster (KC) is a Saint Lucian lawyer and politician.

He has a Bachelor of Arts in law degree from the University of North London. He has worked as a lawyer, on a private practice since 1983. He was called to the bar in London, England and in Castries, Saint Lucia, in 1983. He has also served as a temporary magistrate in Saint Lucia. He has also been a judge of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. He has also served as a High Court Judge in the British Virgin Islands and in Anguilla. He is a former chairman of the Castries City Corporation and director of St. Lucia Electricity Services Company.

On 6 January 2012, he was elected to serve as Speaker of the House of Assembly, during the government of Kenny Anthony. He served until 19 May 2016.

In July 2012 he was appointed Queen’s Counsel.

Since 2021 he has been a judge in the Court of Appeal of Belize.

Castries
Castries (/kəˈstriːz/ ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of Saint Lucia, an island country in the Caribbean. The urban area has a population of approximately 20,000, while the eponymous district has a population of just under 70,000, as of May 2013. The city covers 80 km2 (31 sq mi).

Castries is on a flood plain and is built on reclaimed land. It houses the seat of government and the head offices of many foreign and local businesses. The city is laid out in a grid pattern. Its sheltered harbour receives cargo vessels, ferries and cruise ships. It houses duty-free shopping facilities such as Point Seraphine and La Place Carenage.

Castries is the birthplace of Arthur Lewis, winner of the 1979 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, as well as of Derek Walcott, winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize for Literature.
Pilgaard
Pilgaard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claus Pilgaard (born 1965), Danish musician and entertainer

Hans Pilgaard (born 1963), Danish journalist and television host

Petter Pilgaard (born 1980), Norwegian television celebrity

Ulf Pilgaard (born 1940), Danish actor

Claus Pilgaard
Claus Pilgaard (born 30 March 1965), also known as Chili Klaus or Klaus Wunderhits, is a Danish musician and entertainer. He is best known for his Chilismagning series on the internet and on television. For the series, he invites celebrities and other notable figures on several occasions to eat chili peppers with him. One video in particular, where television presenter Bubber participated in the video, received around 2 million views on YouTube. Internationally, he is known for his collaborations with Sean Evans on his Hot Ones series on the First We Feast YouTube channel. Pilgaard has received numerous awards for his videos.
Whitney embedding theorem
In mathematics, particularly in differential topology, there are two Whitney embedding theorems, named after Hassler Whitney:

The strong Whitney embedding theorem states that any smooth real m-dimensional manifold (required also to be Hausdorff and second-countable) can be smoothly embedded in the real 2m-space, ⁠⁠ if m > 0. This is the best linear bound on the smallest-dimensional Euclidean space that all m-dimensional manifolds embed in, as the real projective spaces of dimension m cannot be embedded into real (2m − 1)-space if m is a power of two (as can be seen from a characteristic class argument, also due to Whitney).

The weak Whitney embedding theorem states that any continuous function from an n-dimensional manifold to an m-dimensional manifold may be approximated by a smooth embedding provided m > 2n.  Whitney similarly proved that such a map could be approximated by an immersion provided m > 2n − 1. This last result is sometimes called the Whitney immersion theorem.

Second-countable space
In topology, a second-countable space, also called a completely separable space, is a topological space whose topology has a countable base. More explicitly, a topological space  is second-countable if there exists some countable collection  of open subsets of  such that any open subset of  can be written as a union of elements of some subfamily of . A second-countable space is said to satisfy the second axiom of countability. Like other countability axioms, the property of being second-countable restricts the number of open subsets that a space can have.

Many "well-behaved" spaces in mathematics are second-countable. For example, Euclidean space (Rn) with its usual topology is second-countable. Although the usual base of open balls is uncountable, one can restrict this to the collection of all open balls with rational radii and whose centers have rational coordinates. This restricted collection is countable and still forms a basis.
Bedřich Moldan
Bedřich Moldan (born 15 August 1935, Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech ecologist, publicist and politician.

Moldan is professor of environmental science, founder and director of the Charles University Environment Center. From 2001 to 2004 coordinating lead author of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.

From  1990 to 1991, Bedřich Moldan was the first Minister of Environment of the Czech Republic, then part of Czechoslovakia. He is a founding member of the Civic Democratic Party. In 2004 he was elected to the Senate of the Czech Republic.

In 2010 he received the SCOPE-Zhongyu Environmental Award for lifetime achievement.

Senate of the Czech Republic
The Senate (Czech: Senát Parlamentu České republiky, lit. 'Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic') is the upper house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The seat of the Senate is Wallenstein Palace in Prague.
Martin Johns
Martin Paul Johns (born 5 July 1969) is a New Zealand middle-distance runner.

Johns was born in 1969 in Wellington. He ran in the men's 1,500 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics with a time of 3:44.91, but did not advance.

Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres was an event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There were 57 competitors from 37 nations. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event took place between 29 July and 3 August. The event was won by 0.62 seconds by Noureddine Morceli of Algeria, the nation's first championship in the men's 1500 metres. Fermín Cacho of Spain was unable to repeat as gold medalist, but took silver to become the fourth man to win two medals in the event.
Lucky Montana
Tshepo Lucky Montana (born 25 April 1970) is a South African public administrator and former politician. He served as the chief executive officer of the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) from 2010 to 2015. In the 2024 South African general election, he was elected to the National Assembly as a member of the UMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Party, up until his resignation from Parliament in December 2025.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
Perito Moreno, Santa Cruz
Perito Moreno is a town in the northwest of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, 25 km east of Lake Buenos Aires. It should not be confused with the Perito Moreno National Park over 300 km south by road, or the Perito Moreno Glacier near El Calafate. The town is the capital of the Lago Buenos Aires Department. It lies on the RN43, a paved road which links Caleta Olivia on the Atlantic coast to Los Antiguos and the Chilean frontier 60 km west, and Ruta 40, running north and south.

The town is a centre of cattle ranches and smallholdings producing fruit and vegetables.  Tourism is also an important industry.  Perito Moreno is the closest town to Cueva de las Manos, 170 km south by road, and Parque Laguna.

In the 2022 census the town had a population of 7,812.

El Calafate
El Calafate, also called Calafate, is a city in the Argentine province of Santa Cruz, in Patagonia. It is located on the southern border of Lago Argentino, in the southwest part of the province (about 320 kilometres (200 mi) northwest of Río Gallegos). It is the seat of government for the Lago Argentino Department within the province. The name of the city is also the name of a small bush, with yellow flowers and dark-blue berries, that is very commonly seen in the region—the calafate (Berberis buxifolia). The word comes from the word calafate, which is Spanish for 'caulk'.

El Calafate is an important tourist destination, serving as the hub for visitors of different parts of Los Glaciares National Park, Perito Moreno Glacier, Cerro Chaltén, and Cerro Torre, in addition to the area surrounding Lago Argentino.
Oum Lâalag
Oum Lâalag is an oasis located 50 kilometers southwest of M'Hamid El Ghizlane in Morocco at the old trans-Saharan trade route to Timbuktu, only a few kilometers from the border of Algeria.

The oasis is approximately 15 hectares in size and is presumed holy by the nomads. According to local beliefs, a fairy lives at its source. A bivouac camp site is available in the oasis, which offers ecologically sustainable tourism. The high dunes of Erg Chegaga can be reached by camel or 4x4 off-road vehicles.

The oasis is part of the 123,000-hectare Iriqui National Park, which was set up in 1994. In its vicinity live houbara bustards, ostriches, Barbary sheep, dorcas gazelles, oryxes and hyenas.

African houbara
The African houbara (Chlamydotis undulata), also known as the houbara bustard (houbara from Arabic: حُبَارَى, romanized: ḥubārā for bustards in general), is a relatively small bustard native to North Africa, where it lives in arid habitats. The global population is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2014. There is a population in the Canary Islands which was assessed as Near Threatened in 2015, but has since also been assessed as Vulnerable.

It is dull brown with black markings on the wings, a greyish neck and a black ruff along the side of the neck. Males are larger and heavier than females.
Àngels Ribé
Àngels Ribé (born 1943 in Barcelona) is considered one of the most important Catalan conceptual artists of the 70s. With a strong international presence, she worked alongside such artists as Vito Acconci, Laurie Anderson, Gordon Matta-Clark, Lawrence Weiner, Hannah Wilke, Martha Wilson, Francesc Torres, and Krzysztof Wodiczko, among others.

Hannah Wilke
Hannah Wilke (born Arlene Hannah Butter; (March 7, 1940 – January 28, 1993) was an American painter, sculptor, photographer, video artist and performance artist. Her work is known for exploring issues of feminism, sexuality and femininity.
William Nash (VC)
William Nash VC (23 April 1824 – 6 April 1875) born in Newcastle, County Limerick he was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

County Limerick
County Limerick (Irish: Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Limerick. Limerick City and County Council is the local council for the county. The county's population at the 2022 census was 209,536 of whom 102,287 lived in Limerick City, the county capital.
Adebayo Faleti
Adebayo Mosobalaje Faleti Listenⓘ (26 December 1921 – 23 July 2017) was Africa's first newscaster, Africa's first stage play director, Nigeria's first film editor and librarian with the first television station in Africa - Western Nigeria Television (WNTV), Nigeria's first Yoruba presenter on television and radio alike, a Nigerian poet, journalist, writer, Nollywood film director and actor. He was also known as a Yoruba translator, a broadcaster, TV exponent and pioneer of the first television station in Africa, Western Nigeria Television (WNTV), now known as the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Archived 2022-07-04 at the Wayback Machine.

Nollywood
Nollywood, a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood, is a sobriquet that originally referred to the Nigerian film industry. The origin of the term goes back to the early 2000s, traced to an article in The New York Times. Due to the history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition for the term, which has made it a subject of several controversies.
Viola Keats
Viola Keats (1911–1998) was a British stage, film and television actress. The Independent called her "an actress of vigour and conviction." After training at RADA, her first appearance on the London Stage was at the Apollo Theatre in 1933, in The Distaff Side, and the following year she made her Broadway debut in the same play. Her first screen appearance was in 1933 in Too Many Wives, and she went on to have starring roles in films such as A Woman Alone. From the 1950s, her screen work was largely in television, but she continued to work throughout in the theatre, including an Australian tour of A Streetcar Named Desire as Blanche, and in the 1958 Agatha Christie play Verdict at the Strand Theatre. She spent her retirement living in Brighton.

Apollo Theatre
The Apollo Theatre is a Grade II listed West End theatre in Shaftesbury Avenue in the City of Westminster, in central London. Designed by the architect Lewin Sharp for owner Henry Lowenfeld, it became the fourth legitimate theatre to be constructed on the street when it opened its doors on 21 February 1901, with the American musical comedy The Belle of Bohemia.