hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Extract
An extract (essence) is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol, oil or water.  Extracts may be sold as tinctures or absolutes or dried and powdered.

Extracts are widely used in various industries, such as perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry, among others.

The aromatic principles of many spices, nuts, herbs, fruits, etc., and some flowers, are marketed as extracts, among the best known of true extracts being almond, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, lemon, nutmeg, orange, peppermint, pistachio, rose, spearmint, vanilla, violet, rum, and wintergreen.

Wintergreen
Wintergreen is a group of aromatic plants. The term wintergreen once commonly referred to plants that remain green (continue photosynthesis) throughout the winter. The term evergreen is now more commonly used for this characteristic.

Most species of the shrub genus Gaultheria demonstrate this characteristic and are called wintergreens in North America, the most common generally being the American wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens). Wintergreens in the genus Gaultheria contain an aromatic compound, methyl salicylate, and are used as a mintlike flavoring.
Mallonia
Mallonia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Mallonia albosignata Chevrolat, 1858

Mallonia australis Péringuey, 1888

Mallonia barbicornis (Fabricius, 1798)

Mallonia granulata Distant, 1892

Mallonia orientalis Breuning, 1938

Mallonia patricii Breuning, 1938

Mallonia pauper Jordan, 1903

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Chapel of St Non
The Chapel of St Non is located on the coast near St David's in Pembrokeshire, West Wales. Held by tradition to mark the birthplace of St David, the ruin cannot be accurately dated but is unusual in that it is aligned north–south rather than the usual east–west. Near to the ruined chapel is a retreat, a modern chapel and a holy well. The site was protected in the 1950s and is now the responsibility of the Welsh Heritage organisation Cadw.

Saint David
David (Welsh: Dewi Sant; Latin: Davidus; c. 500 – c. 589) was a Welsh Christian prelate who served as Bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century. He is the patron saint of Wales.

David was a native of Wales, and tradition has preserved a large amount of detail about his life. His birth date, however, is uncertain: suggestions range from 462 to 512. He is traditionally believed to be the son of Non and the grandson of Ceredig ap Cunedda, king of Ceredigion. The Welsh annals placed his death 569 years after the birth of Christ, but Phillimore's dating revised this to 601.
Michael Trenwith
Michael Oswald Trenwith (born 12 February 1945) is a former English cricketer.  Trenwith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Penzance, Cornwall.

Trenwith made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cornwall in 1966 against Devon.  From 1966 to 1983, he represented the county in 56 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came against Berkshire.

Trenwith also represented Cornwall in 2 List A matches.  These came against Oxfordshire in the 1975 Gillette Cup and Devon in the 1980 Gillette Cup.  In his two List A matches, he scored 14 runs at a batting average of 14.00, with a high score of 14*.  With the ball he took five wickets at a bowling average of 14.40, with best figures of 3/51.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Andrea Corsini (cardinal)
Andrea Corsini (11 June 1735, Florence – 18 January 1795, Rome) was an Italian cardinal. A great-nephew of pope Clement XII and a nephew of cardinal Neri Maria Corsini. Pope Clement XIII made him a cardinal in the consistory of 24 September 1759. He was camerlengo of the college of cardinals in 1771.

He was made prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura and member of the commission for the Suppression of the Jesuits in 1773. He was also economic prefect of the Collegio Romano and of the Roman seminary and vicar general for the city of Rome and its district.

Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (pl. Camerlenghi) is an office of the papal household that administers the property and revenues of the Holy See. Formerly, his responsibilities included the fiscal administration of the Patrimony of Saint Peter. As regulated in the apostolic constitution Pastor bonus of 1988, the camerlengo is always a cardinal, though this was not the case prior to the 15th century. His heraldic arms are ornamented with two keys – one gold, one silver – in saltire, surmounted by an ombrellino, a canopy or umbrella of alternating red and yellow stripes. These also form part of the coat of arms of the Holy See during a papal interregnum (sede vacante). The camerlengo has been Kevin Farrell since his appointment by Pope Francis on 14 February 2019. The vice camerlengo has been Archbishop Ilson de Jesus Montanari since 1 May 2020.
Ritham Madubun
Ritham Madubun (1 April 1971 – 1 August 2013) is an Indonesian former footballer who plays as a defender. He played for Indonesia in the 1996 Asian Cup. He also played for Persipura Jayapura, PSM Makassar, Persikota Tangerang, Persija Jakarta, Pelita Jaya FC, PSPS Pekanbaru, Persma Manado.

Madura United F.C.
Madura United Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club. The club is based in Pamekasan, Madura, East Java. They currently play in the Super League.

The current form of the club was established on 10 January 2016; the team's lineage began as Pelita Jaya in 1986, under which it won three Galatama titles in 1988-89, 1990, and 1993-94 before changing names, homebases, and ownership several times.
2018 JEGS 200
The 2018 JEGS 200 was the fifth stock car race of the 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series season, and the 19th iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, May 4, 2018 in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1 mile (1.6 km) oval-shaped permanent racetrack. The race was extended from the scheduled 200 laps to 210 laps due to a late race caution including Noah Gragson, Johnny Sauter of GMS Racing would be able to hold off the field on the final restart to take the win, the 19th of his career and the 2nd of the season. To fill out the podium, Matt Crafton of ThorSport Racing and Justin Haley of GMS Racing would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Matt Crafton
Matthew Justin Crafton (born June 11, 1976) is an American semi-retired professional stock car racing driver. He competes part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving a Ford F-150 for ThorSport Racing. For 25 years, he competed full-time in the Truck Series, driving ThorSport's No. 88 truck for all but one year from 2001 to 2025.

A long-time veteran of the series, Crafton is a three-time champion, winning the championship in 2013, 2014, and 2019. He is regarded as one of the greatest drivers in Truck Series history. With the exception of 2004, Crafton has spent his entire truck series career driving for ThorSport Racing along with longtime sponsor Menards. He holds the record for most consecutive truck series starts with 591. Following the conclusion of the 2025, he stepped down from full-time competition, choosing to instead run a few select races a season going forward.
McCarran–Ferguson Act
The McCarran–Ferguson Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1011–1015, is a United States federal law that exempts the business of insurance from most federal regulation, including federal antitrust laws to a limited extent. The 79th Congress passed the McCarran–Ferguson Act in 1945 after the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association that the federal government could regulate insurance companies under the authority of the Commerce Clause in the U.S. Constitution and that the federal antitrust laws applied to the insurance industry.

The Act was sponsored by Senators Pat McCarran (D-Nev.) and Homer Ferguson (R-Mich.).

United States Code
The United States Code, formally The Code of Laws of the United States of America, is the official codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 53 titles organized into numbered sections.

The U.S. Code is published by the U.S. House of Representatives' Office of the Law Revision Counsel. New editions are published every six years, with cumulative supplements issued each year. The official version of these laws appears in the United States Statutes at Large, a chronological, uncodified compilation.
Uranium(IV) compounds
Uranous is the chemical term for the reduced tetrapositive cation of uranium that exhibits the valence U4+. It is one of the two common ionic states of uranium found in nature, the other being the oxidised hexapositive ion called uranyl. Uranous compounds are usually unstable; they revert to the oxidised form on exposure to air.

Examples of these compounds include salts such as uranium tetrachloride (UCl4) and uranium tetrafluoride (UF4), which are important in molten salt reactor applications, and uranium dioxide (UO2), a common form of nuclear fuel.

The solvated U4+ ion is normally not present in water. Most of the compounds like UCl4 are better described with the covalent bond than an ionic bond.

Minerals containing the uranous ion are more subdued in colour, typically brown or black, and occur in reducing environments. Common uranous minerals include uraninite and coffinite.

Uraninite
Uraninite, also known as pitchblende, is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore with a chemical composition that is largely UO2 but because of oxidation typically contains variable proportions of U3O8. Radioactive decay of the uranium causes the mineral to contain oxides of lead and trace amounts of helium. It may also contain thorium and rare-earth elements.
Fritz Bondroit
Friedrich Karl Bondroit (26 March 1912 – 19 September 1974) was a German canoeist who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Herford.

In 1936 he won the silver medal in the K-2 1000 m competition with his partner Ewald Tilker.

Bondroit died on 19 September 1974 in Burscheid at the age of 62.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Ron Ferrari
Ronald Lee Ferrari (born July 30, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for five seasons with the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini.

Illinois Fighting Illini football
The Illinois Fighting Illini football program represents the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. The Fighting Illini are a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and have played their home games at Gies Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois since 1923. The Fighting Illini are currently led by head coach Bret Bielema.

Illinois claims 15 Big Ten championships, ranking 4th-most among conference members, and 5 national championships, ranking 13th-most among NCAA Division 1 programs.  Illinois has had 27 Consensus All-Americans, and 15 former Illini have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame; in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, 6 former Illini have been inducted. Illinois has three trophy rivalries against Northwestern, Purdue, and Ohio State.
Jaap Kraaier
Jacob "Jaap" Kraaier (November 28, 1913 – January 7, 2004) was a Dutch flatwater canoeist who competed in the 1930s. At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, he won the bronze medal in K-1 1000 m event. Following his career in sports, Kraaier established himself as a businessman and naval architect. One of his most famous designs is the Pirate dinghy (Dutch: "Piraatje") for children, thousands of which have been built since its inception in the 1950s. Kraaier was born in Zaandam and died in Egmond aan Zee.

Egmond aan Zee
Egmond aan Zee (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɛxmɔnt aːn ˈzeː]) is a village on the North Sea coast in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Bergen, about 9 km west of Alkmaar.

Egmond aan Zee was a separate municipality until 1978, when it merged with Egmond-Binnen and Egmond aan den Hoef to form the new municipality Egmond. In turn, Egmond was amalgamated into Bergen on 1 January 2001.
Wkw/tk/1996@7′55″hk.net
wkw/tk/1996@7′55″hk.net is a 1996 commercial short film by Hong Kong director Wong Kar-wai that he made for Japanese fashion designer Takeo Kikuchi. The title contains the initials of Wong Kar-wai and Takeo Kikuchi, the year of release, the length, 7 minutes 55 seconds, and "hk" for Hong Kong.

It features Japanese actor Tadanobu Asano and Hong Kong actress Karen Mok. Photography is by Wong's stock cinematographer, Australian expatriate Christopher Doyle. The film is very much in keeping with Wong's style. There are several versions of the film, originally two otherwise identical versions were released with different soundtracks to lay emphasis on the perspectives of the male and female character respectively. There are several versions of the film that have been aired as television commercials. These are available on the Japanese laserdisc release of Wong's Fallen Angels (1995), as well as various bootlegged VCD releases of Wong's features.

Karen Mok
Karen Joy Morris (Chinese: 莫文蔚; pinyin: Mò Wénwèi; Jyutping: Mok6 Man4wai3; born 2 June 1970), better known as Karen Mok, is a Hong Kong actress and singer. She is considered one of the leading East Asian pop singers and actresses with a career spanning three decades. Mok is the first female Hong Kong singer to win the Golden Melody Award, and to date has won it three times.

Mok has released 18 solo studio albums, starred in over 50 movies, and has over 15 million followers on leading Chinese social media site Weibo. The Lhasa concert during The Ultimate Karen Mok Show (2018–2021) set the Guinness World Record for the Highest Altitude Mass-Attended Music Concert. In 2024, Mok was the first female singer to do a solo concert in Beijing National Stadium, the Bird's Nest.
Mill Run, Tucker County, West Virginia
Mill Run is a ghost town in Tucker County, West Virginia, United States. Mill Run was located on the Dry Fork 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Red Creek. Mill Run appeared on Soil Conservation Service maps as late as 1921.

Red Creek, West Virginia
Red Creek is an unincorporated community in Tucker County, West Virginia, United States. Red Creek is located on West Virginia Route 72, 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Parsons. Red Creek has a post office with ZIP code 26289.  Originally called Flanangan Hill after early settler Ebenezer Flanagan, the community was named Red Creek by the community's first postmaster William Raines. Being a Democrat, Raines refused to name the post office after the Republican Flanagan family, and thus named it for a nearby creek. The Red Creek post office was established in 1856.
2021 Durand Cup final
The 2021 Durand Cup final was the final match of the 2021 Durand Cup, the 130th edition of Asia's oldest football. The tournament is organised by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) of Indian Armed Forces and jointly hosted by the Eastern Command and the Government of West Bengal. It was played at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan in Kolkata, India on 3 October 2021.

Sony Sports Network
The Sony Sports Network,  also known as Sony TEN, is a group of Indian pay television sports channels owned by Culver Max Entertainment.

The original TEN Sports channel was first established on 1 April 2002 by Abdul Rahman Bukhatir. It was acquired by the Essel Group in 2010 and was added to Essel's existing Zee Sports channel, launched in 2005. After the acquisition, Zee launched two new channels, TEN Cricket and TEN Golf, and rebranded Zee Sports as TEN Action.

In August 2016, Sony Pictures Networks India acquired all of the sports channels under Zee from Essel. In 2017, the networks were formally merged with Sony's existing Sony ESPN and Sony Six channels as the Sony Pictures Sports Network, with the TEN channels rebranded as Sony TEN. The channels were then rebranded as the Sony Sports Network in October 2022, with all five channels now carrying the "Sony Sports Ten" prefix.
Puchalapalli
Puchalapalli (Telugu: పుచ్చలపల్లి) is a Telugu surname.

Notable people with the surname include:

Puchalapalli Sundarayya (1913–1985), CPI leader of Andhra Pradesh

Puchalapalli Penchalaiah (born 1924), Parliament member from Nellore

Nellore
Nellore(SPSR), also spelt as Nelluru, is a city located on the banks of Penna River, in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as Nellore mandal and Nellore revenue division. It is the fourth most populous city in the state. It is at a distance of 279 kilometres (173 mi) from Vijayawada, 660 kilometres (410 mi) from Visakhapatnam, 455 kilometres (283 mi) from Hyderabad and about 170 km (110 mi) north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and also about 380 km (240 mi) east-northeast of Bangalore, Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of Nellore District. The full form of SPSR is Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District.
Josiah Oldfield
Josiah Oldfield TD MRCS LRCP (28 February 1863 – 2 February 1953) was an English lawyer, physician, activist, and writer. He promoted his own variant of fruitarianism, which was virtually indistinguishable from lacto-ovo vegetarianism. Oldfield was a prolific writer of popular books on dietary and health topics. He also served in the Royal Army Medical Corps and received the Territorial Decoration for his service in World War I.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons
Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The examination, currently organised on an intercollegiate basis, is required to enter higher surgical training (ST 3+) in one of the Royal colleges. Thus today's MRCS has replaced the former MRCS(Eng), MRCS(Ed), MRCS(Glas), and MRCS(I). (Similarly, the MRCP is also now intercollegiate.)
High-shear mixer
A high-shear mixer disperses, or transports, one phase or ingredient (liquid, solid, gas) into a main continuous phase (liquid), with which it would normally be immiscible. A rotor or impeller, together with a stationary component known as a stator, or an array of rotors and stators, is used either in a tank containing the solution to be mixed, or in a pipe through which the solution passes, to create shear. A high-shear mixer can be used to create emulsions, suspensions, lyosols (gas dispersed in liquid), and granular products. It is used in the adhesives, chemical, cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and plastics industries for emulsification, homogenization, particle size reduction, and dispersion.

Shearing (physics)
In continuum mechanics, shearing refers to the occurrence of a shear strain, which is a deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another.  It is induced by a shear stress in the material.  Shear strain is distinguished from volumetric strain. The change in a material's volume in response to stress and change of angle is called the angle of shear.
Korean natural farming
Korean Natural Farming (KNF) is an organic agricultural method that takes advantage of indigenous microorganisms (IMO) (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and protozoa) to produce rich soil that yields high output without the use of herbicides or pesticides.

KNF emphasizes self-sufficiency by limiting external inputs and relying on recycled farm waste to produce biologically active inputs. While this practice has grown in popularity, scientific evidence of the benefits of KNF is relatively limited.

Bran
Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the component of a cereal grain consisting of the hard layers – the combined aleurone and pericarp – surrounding the endosperm. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). Along with the germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a byproduct of milling in the production of refined grains. Bran is highly nutritious, but is difficult to digest due to its high fiber content; its high fat content also reduces its shelf life as the oils/fats are prone to becoming rancid. As such, it is typically removed from whole grain during the refining process – e.g. in processing wheat grain into white flour, or refining brown rice into white rice.

Bran is present in cereal grain, including rice, corn (maize), wheat, oats, barley, rye, and millet. Bran is not the same as chaff, which is a coarser, scaly material surrounding the grain and is indigestible by humans.
Far East Children's Railway
The Far East Children's Railway (Russian: Дальневосточная детская железная дорога, Dalwenostotschnaja detskaja schelesnaja doroga) is a narrow gauge miniature railway in the Russian town of Khabarovsk. The railway was opened on  19 May, 1958, as one of many pioneer railways in the USSR and is still in use.

Pafawag
Pafawag (Państwowa Fabryka Wagonów) (English: National Rail Carriage Factory) is a Polish locomotive manufacturer based in Wrocław. The company became part of Adtranz in 1997 as Adtranz Pafawag, and in 2001 part of Bombardier Transportation.
Mönchsbuche
The Mönchsbuche is an old beech tree in the Harz Mountains of Germany that has been designated as a natural monument due to its age and the stories surrounding it. It stands on a ridge near Hasserode in the borough of Wernigerode, on an old way between the abbeys of Himmelpforten and Ilsenburg and is reputedly where the monks used to stop and rest. In March 2011 the top of the old tree, that is over 100 years old, was removed in order to save it from breaking apart.

The Mönchsbuche is a landmark and also checkpoint no. 26 in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network. Below the Mönchsbuche is the well known as the Wernigeröder Bürgerbrunnen.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.