hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zebulon Vance
Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 37th and 43rd governor of North Carolina, a U.S. senator from North Carolina, and a Confederate officer during the American Civil War.

A prolific writer and noted public speaker, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and Reconstruction Era periods. As a leader of the New South, Vance favored the rapid modernization of the Southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North. A Philosemite, he frequently spoke out against antisemitism. A progressive at his time, Vance was also a slave owner and is now regarded as a racist by some modern historians and biographers.

McKinley Tariff
The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed by then-Representative William McKinley, that became law on October 1, 1890. The tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost 50%, an increase designed to protect domestic industries and workers from foreign competition, as promised in the Republican platform. It represented protectionism, a policy supported by Republicans and denounced by Democrats. It was a major topic of fierce debate in the 1890 congressional elections, which gave a Democratic landslide. Democrats replaced the McKinley Tariff with the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act in 1894, which lowered tariff rates.
War resistance in the United States
War resistance in the United States encompasses activities related to war resistance by American citizens and other who oppose military action on the part of the United States. This includes opposition to, and evasion of, military duty. Such resistance may originate from pacifism, antimilitarism or non-interventionism, generally, and may include registration as a conscientious objector to military service, draft dodging, or desertion. Alternativelty, it may be directed towards specific military actions, as with opposition to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, opposition to the Iraq War, and the post–September 11 anti-war movement.

Desertion
Desertion is the abandonment of a military duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning. This contrasts with unauthorized absence (UA) or absence without leave (AWOL /ˈeɪwɒl/), which are temporary forms of absence.
Mabel Josephine Mackerras
Mabel Josephine (Jo) Mackerras (née Bancroft) (7 August 1896 –  8 October 1971) was an Australian zoologist, entomologist and parasitologist. Her research and life's work contributed to entomology, veterinary medicine and medical science. Throughout her life she held a wide range of positions and duties that included Army medical officer, entomologist, medical scientist, and parasitologist. Mackerras was a major during WWII and served in the Army Malaria Research Unit. In an application for King's Birthday Honours her work earned the citation,: "few women can have made a greater contribution to the Allied war effort".

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
NBOMe-mescaline
NBOMe-mescaline, also known as mescaline-NBOMe, M-NBOMe, or N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin receptor agonist and putative psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, scaline, and N-benzylphenethylamine (NBOMe) families. It is the N-(2-methoxybenzyl) derivative of mescaline.

Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

Routes of administration are generally classified by the  location at which the substance is applied.  Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is.  Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but is delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Route of administration and dosage form are aspects of drug delivery.
Dimitri Kahirau
Dimitri Kahirau (born October 10, 1992 in Potsdam, Germany) is a Belarusian figure skater. He is the 2007 Belarusian national bronze medalist. He placed 37th at the 2007 World Junior Figure Skating Championships. He is a two-season competitor on the Junior Grand Prix.

2007 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2007 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held in Oberstdorf, Germany from February 26 to March 4. The event is open to figure skaters from ISU member nations who have reached the age of 13 by 1 July the previous year, but have not yet turned 19. The upper age limit for men competing in pairs and dance is 21. Skaters compete in four disciplines: men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The term "Junior" refers to the age level rather than the skill level. Therefore, some of the skaters competing have competed nationally and internationally at the senior level, but are still age-eligible for World Juniors.

The compulsory dance was the Silver Samba.
SV Ursula
SV Ursula was a 63-metre (207 ft)-long German barque. She was built by the company of Hermann Friedrich Ulrichs in 1885 and owned by D. H. Wätjen und Co. with hometown Bremen.

On 30 October 1889 the ship was driven ashore and wrecked on Terschelling, the Netherlands. The crew members were rescued. The salvage operation took several years until the ship had completely sank in the sand. The cargo was sold in public auctions in Terschelling and Amsterdam. The captain was blamed Maritime Board of Inquiry in Bremerhaven for the accident. The wreck was rediscovered in 2004, and many dives had been made to the wreck since that time.

Guilder
Guilder is the English translation of the Dutch and German gulden, originally shortened from Middle High German guldin pfenninc ("gold penny"). This was the term that became current in the southern and western parts of the Holy Roman Empire for the Fiorino d'oro (introduced in 1252 in the Republic of Florence). Hence, the name has often been interchangeable with florin (currency sign ƒ or fl.). In Hungary it is called forint.

The guilder is also the name of several currencies used in Europe and the former colonies of the Dutch Empire.
Bukowo, Bytów County
Bukowo (Polish: [buˈkɔ.vɔ]; Kashubian: Bùkòwò) is a hamlet (colony) in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, within the Gmina Lipnica, Bytów County, in the sołectwo of Brzeźno Szlacheckie. It is located on the western shore of the Gwiazda Lake, in the Bytowa Lake Region, within the cultural region of Gochy, which is a part of Kashubia.

Kashubia
Kashubia or Cassubia (Kashubian: Kaszëbë or Kaszëbskô; Polish: Kaszuby [kaˈʂubɨ] ⓘ; German: Kaschubei or Kaschubien) is an ethnocultural region in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northern Poland. It is inhabited by the Kashubian people, and many in the region have historically spoken the Kashubian language, with some still speaking it.

The unofficial self-description of "capital city of Kashubia" has long been contested by Kartuzy and Kościerzyna.
Rita Kinka
Rita Kinka (born 1962, in Subotica), is a Serbian pianist of Hungarian descent.

She graduated at the University of Novi Sad's Academy of Arts (where she is currently a professor) under Arbo Valdma, and finished her studies at the Juilliard School under György Sándor after she was granted the Gina Bachauer scholarship.

Kinka started a concert and recording career after winning the 1988 International Festival of Young Performers in Bordeaux; she had previously been prized at Zwickau's Robert Schumann, Brussels' Queen Elisabeth (Most promising artist prize), Munich's ARD and Sydney's competitions. Three years later she was awarded the Women of Europe Award for the best European interpreter from the European Commission.

Queen Elisabeth Competition
The Queen Elisabeth Competition (Dutch: Koningin Elisabethwedstrijd, French: Concours musical international Reine Élisabeth) is an international competition for career-starting musicians held in Brussels. The competition is named after Queen Elisabeth of Belgium (1876–1965). It is a competition for classical violinists (since 1937), pianists (since 1938), singers (since 1988) and cellists (since 2017). It also used to hold international competitions for composers from 1953 to 2012. The Patron is Queen Mathilde of Belgium.

Since its foundation it has been considered one of the most challenging and prestigious competitions for instrumentalists. In 1957 the Queen Elisabeth Competition was one of the founding members of the World Federation of International Music Competitions.
Halaç, Bor
Halaç is a village in Bor District of Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 411 (2022). It is situated to the east of Bahçeli. Its distance to Bor is  16 kilometres (9.9 mi) to Niğde is 25 kilometres (16 mi).

Niğde
Niğde (Turkish pronunciation: [ni:de]; Ancient Greek: Νίγδη; Hittite: Nahita, Naxita) is a city and is located in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Niğde Province and Niğde District. Its population is 170,511 (2022). It lies at an elevation of 1,276 m (4,186 ft).

The city is small with plenty of green space and gardens around the houses. Its people generally tend to be religious and conservative.

Medieval monuments are scattered about the centre of the town, especially around the market place.

The nearest airport is Nevşehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV) which is 90.6 km (50.6 miles) away.
1788–89 United States presidential election in Virginia
The 1788–89 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on January 7, 1789, as part of the 1788–1789 United States presidential election to elect the first President. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President. However, one elector did not vote, and another elector was not chosen because an election district failed to submit returns, resulting in only 10 electoral votes being submitted.

Virginia unanimously voted for nonpartisan candidate and commander-in-chief of the Continental Army George Washington. The total popular vote is composed of 3,337 for Federalist electors and 456 for Anti-Federalist electors, all of whom were supportive of Washington. The total number of votes is incomplete.

Virginia Ratifying Convention
The Virginia Ratifying Convention (also historically referred to as the "Virginia Federal Convention") was a convention of 168 delegates from Virginia who met in 1788 to ratify or reject the United States Constitution, which had been drafted at the Philadelphia Convention the previous year. The Convention met and deliberated from June 2 through June 27 in Richmond at the Richmond Theatre, presently the site of Monumental Church. Judge Edmund Pendleton, Virginia delegate to the Constitutional Convention, served as the convention's president by unanimous consent.
Johann Klima
Johann "Hans" Klima (11 February 1900 – 5 January 1946) was an Austrian international footballer. At club level, he played for Admira Wien. He made 11 appearances for the Austria national team, scoring three goals.

Admira Wacker
Admira Wacker is an Austrian professional football club based in Maria Enzersdorf, a town in the Mödling District of Lower Austria. The team competes in the 2. Liga, the second tier of the Austrian football league system.

The club was formed as Admira/Wacker in 1971 through the merger of SK Admira and SC Wacker, making it the legal successor to both clubs and inheriting their combined titles and achievements. SC Wacker, founded in 1907 in Vienna's Obermeidling district, won the Austrian Championship and Austrian Cup once each. SK Admira, founded in 1905 in the Jedlesee district of Vienna and based in Südstadt since 1967, won eight Austrian Championships, five Austrian Cups, and one Austrian Supercup. Admira's greatest international achievement was reaching the Mitropa Cup final in 1934, while the merged club reached the quarter-finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1990.
Junaluska
Junaluska (Cherokee: Tsunu’lahun’ski) (c.1775 – November 20, 1858), was a leader of the Cherokee who resided in towns in western North Carolina in the early 19th century. He fought alongside Andrew Jackson at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend during the War of 1812/Creek War. In the course of the battle he saved Jackson's life, an act he reportedly regretted later in life.

Although he was removed with most Cherokee on the Trail of Tears, Junaluska returned to North Carolina in the late 1840s. The state legislature granted him citizenship and some land near present-day Robbinsville. He was among the Cherokee who lived in North Carolina from the 19th century, and were ancestors to the federally recognized tribe of Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. This group organized in the 20th century.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend
32°58′56″N 85°44′07″W﻿ / ﻿32.98222°N 85.73528°W﻿ / 32.98222; -85.73528

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend (also known as Tohopeka, Cholocco Litabixbee, or The Horseshoe), was fought during the War of 1812 in the Mississippi Territory, now central Alabama.  On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Native American allies under Major General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe who opposed American expansion, effectively ending the Creek War.
James P. Hayes
James P. "Jim" Hayes (born July 23, 1964) is an American politician from Amherst, New York who served in the New York State Assembly from 1999 to 2011. Elected in 1998, he represented parts of Erie and Niagara counties until his resignation in September 2011.

Previous to his election, from 1995–1998, he served as the first director of development for Catholic Charities of Buffalo. Prior to that he served as director of alumni relations and as an admissions counselor to Canisius College, where he earned his B.A. degree in political science in 1986.

Hayes was born in Erie County and resides in Amherst, New York. He and his wife Renee have three children.

Hayes announced his resignation effective September 6, 2011, to work in the private sector.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Sefo Liufau
Iosefo Sua Liufau (born October 29, 1994) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes.

Colorado Buffaloes football
The Colorado Buffaloes football program represents the University of Colorado Boulder in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level, and is a member of the Big 12 Conference.

The team was a charter member of the Big 12 before leaving to join the Pac-12 Conference after the 2010 season. After 13 seasons in the Pac-12, the team returned to the Big 12 in 2024. Before joining the Big 12, they were members of the Big Eight Conference.

The team has played at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado since 1924. Their all-time record is 735–556–36 (.577 winning percentage) as of the 2025 season. Colorado won the 1990 National Championship that was shared by Georgia Tech. The team is 27th on the all-time win list and 40th in all-time winning percentage, along with two Heisman Trophy winners, Rashaan Salaam in 1994 and Travis Hunter in 2024.
Studies for cello (J.-L. Duport)
The Studies for cello (Études pour violoncello) by Jean-Louis Duport (1749-1819) are a staple of cello pedagogical repertoire. Duport was a French cellist who, along with his brother Jean-Pierre Duport, revolutionized the performance of the cello.

Only few of Duport's concert works are remembered today.   His Études for Cello, however, remain foremost in cello practice, despite being over 200 years old.  They were primarily composed by Duport himself, although the sixth was composed by Berteau, Duport's teacher.  Studies eight and ten were composed by his brother Jean-Pierre.

Jean-Pierre Duport
Jean-Pierre Duport (27 November 1741 – 31 December 1818) was a cellist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Along with his brother, Jean-Louis Duport (also a cellist), he was active in the musical life of France and Germany. Jean-Pierre was the son of a dancing master, and a student of the founder of the French school of cello playing Martin Berteau (1691–1771).
Khasan-Tumangang Bridge
The Khasan-Tumangang Bridge (Russian: Автомобильный мост между Приморьем и КНДР, Korean: 프리모리예와 북한을 잇는 자동차 다리) is an international road bridge across the Tumen River, currently under construction. The crossing will connect Khasan, Russia and Tumangang, North Korea. When complete, the bridge will supplement the existing Korea–Russia Friendship Bridge through providing a road transit link between the cities of Vladivostok and Chongjin.

Chongjin
Chongjin (Korean pronunciation: [tsʰʌŋ.dʑin]; Korean: 청진시; MR: Ch'ŏngjin-si) is the capital of North Korea's North Hamgyong Province. It is the country's third-largest city by population and an important port city on the northeastern coast. Originally a small fishing village, it industrialized significantly under Japanese rule and later under the North Korean government.

The city is a hub of trade and industry, despite having suffered heavily during the famine of the 1990s. Sometimes called the "City of Iron", Chongjin is one of North Korea's major industrial centers for steel and fiber. Chongjin also functions as a regional center of transport, culture, and education, and hosts foreign consulates from both China and Russia, a rarity in North Korea.
Murder of Gordon Semple
Gordon Archibald Semple (13 June 1956 – 1 April 2016) was a British Metropolitan Police officer who was murdered by Stefano Brizzi on 1 April 2016.

Stefano Brizzi arranged on Grindr to meet Gordon Semple for a chemsex party at his apartment in the Peabody Estate in Southwark, London, where Brizzi strangled Semple to death. He then attempted to dispose of the body but was arrested by police on 7 April.

Brizzi went on trial in October 2016. During the trial, he denied committing the murder, but admitted to obstructing a coroner in the execution of their duties. On 13 November, he was convicted for both crimes. In December, Brizzi was given a life sentence with a minimum of 24 years.

On 5 February 2017, Brizzi committed suicide by hanging at HMP Belmarsh.

Peabody Trust
The Peabody Trust was founded in 1862 as the Peabody Donation Fund and now brands itself simply as Peabody.

It is one of London's oldest and largest housing associations with over 100,000 homes across London and the home counties. It is also a community benefit society and urban regeneration agency.
Agua Santa Airport
Agua Santa Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Agua Santa), (ICAO: SCAG) is an airport serving Palmilla, a town in the O'Higgins Region of Chile. The airport is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of Santa Cruz.

There is a mountain ridge less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) off the south end of the runway.

O'Higgins Region
The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region (Spanish: Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, pronounced [liβeɾtaˈðoɾ xeneˈɾal βeɾˈnaɾðo oˈçiɣins]), often shortened to O'Higgins Region (Spanish: Región de O'Higgins), is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It is subdivided into three provinces. It is named in honour of Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, one of Chile's founding fathers.

The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the Republic of Argentina, to the north by the Valparaíso and Santiago Metropolitan Regions, and to the south by the Maule Region. It extends approximately between the parallels of 33° 51' and 35° 01' south latitude, and between the meridian of 70° 02' west longitude and the Pacific Ocean.

The capital and largest city of the region is Rancagua. The second major town is San Fernando.
Shlomo Sztencl
Shlomo Sztencl (Hebrew: שלמה שטנצל, pronounced [ˈʃlomo ˈʃtentsel]; August 16, 1884 – August 31, 1919) was a Polish Orthodox Jewish rabbi. He served as Chief Rabbi of Czeladź, Congress Poland and Rav, dayan, and rosh yeshiva of Sosnowiec, Poland. He is the author of Koheles Shlomo and Beis Shlomo, the former published posthumously.

Rav
Rav  (or Rab, Modern Hebrew: רב‎) is the Hebrew generic term for a person who teaches Torah or is a Jewish spiritual guide or a rabbi. For example, Pirkei Avot (in the Talmud) states (1:6) that:

(..) Joshua ben Perachiah says, "Set up a teacher [RaB] for yourself. And get yourself a friend [HaBeR]. And give everybody the benefit of the doubt."

The term rav is also Hebrew for rabbi. (For a more nuanced discussion, see semicha.) The term is frequently used by Orthodox Jews to refer to their own rabbi.
Padma Kuppa
Padma Kuppa (born August 10, 1965) was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 41st House District, which encompasses the cities of Troy and Clawson, from 2019 to 2022. She was the first Asian immigrant and Hindu to serve in the Michigan Legislature.

Kuppa is a mechanical engineer by trade and a community organizer. She has served as President of the Troy Historical Society, which oversees the Troy Historic Village, and is a founding member of the Troy-area Interfaith Group. She is tri-lingual in English, Hindi, and Telugu.

In 2022, Kuppa unsuccessfully ran for the Michigan Senate in the new 9th Senate District following the decennial redistricting process.

Michigan Legislature
The Michigan Legislature is the legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is organized as a bicameral body composed of the Senate (the upper chamber) and the House of Representatives (the lower chamber). Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The chief purposes of the Legislature are to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws. The Legislature meets in the Capitol building in Lansing.

The 103rd Michigan Legislature was sworn in on January 11, 2025.
Ifrah Wali
Ifrah Wali (born November 29, 1995) is a Pakistani alpine skier. She made history by becoming the first winner of the Giant Slalom event at any South Asian Winter Games when she won at the inaugural games held in India. 
In recognition of her exceptional contributions, she was honored with the President's Pride of Performance in 2023, the highest civil award in the sports category.

2011 South Asian Winter Games
The 2011 South Asian Winter Games, officially the 1st South Asian Winter Games, were held in Dehradun and Auli, in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, India in January 2011. The games were conducted by the Indian Olympic Association and the Winter Games Federation of India. A grand opening and closing ceremony took place on 10 January 2011 and 16 January 2011, in Dehradun and Auli, respectively.

The Ice skating and Ice hockey events were conducted from 10 to 12 January 2011 in Dehradun while the Skiing and Snowboarding events were held from 14 to 16 January 2011 at Auli.