hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Companionship Exemption
The companionship exemption refers to federal labor regulations in the United States that exclude workers providing companionship services to the elderly or disabled from the federal minimum wage and overtime protections that apply to most other American workers.

The exemption came into existence in 1974 through an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). While the main purpose of the amendment was to expand labor protections to domestic workers, two exceptions were included: one for those serving as “casual” babysitters and another for those providing “companionship services for individuals who (because of age or infirmity) are unable to care for themselves.”

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 29 U.S.C. § 203 (FLSA) is a United States labor law that creates the right to a minimum wage, and "time-and-a-half" overtime pay when people work over forty hours a week. It also prohibits employment of minors in "oppressive child labor". It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim an exemption from coverage. The Act was enacted by the 75th Congress and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938.
Kamikaze Shoichi
Kamikaze Shoichi (born Shoichi Akazawa; October 19, 1921 – May 15, 1990) was a sumo wrestler from Higashikagawa, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. He made his professional debut in May 1937 and reached the top division in May 1942. His highest rank was sekiwake. He won six gold stars against grand champion yokozuna in the course of his career. Upon retirement from active competition he became an elder in the Japan Sumo Association under the name Kataonami. He left the Sumo Association in September 1952.

Kagawa Prefecture
Kagawa Prefecture (香川県, Kagawa-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa, ka.ɡa.waꜜ.keɴ, -ŋa.waꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kagawa Prefecture has a population of 949,358 (as of 2020) and is the smallest prefecture by geographic area at 1,877 square kilometres (725 sq mi). Kagawa Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the southwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the south.

Takamatsu is the capital and largest city of Kagawa Prefecture, with other major cities including Marugame, Mitoyo, and Kan'onji. Kagawa Prefecture is located on the Seto Inland Sea across from Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshu, which is connected by the Great Seto Bridge. Kagawa Prefecture includes Shōdoshima, the second-largest island in the Seto Inland Sea, and the prefecture's southern land border with Tokushima Prefecture is formed by the Sanuki Mountains.
Peace TV
Peace TV is an Emirati satellite television network that broadcasts free-to-air programming. It is one of the world's largest religious satellite television networks. On 21 January 2006, Zakir Naik created the network, which is based in Dubai.

The network has broadcast all over the world. Naik regards the network as a 'edutainment' channel. Peace TV was also available free-to-air on the LiveStation satellite television provider.

On the basis of hate-speech laws, Naik's Peace TV was banned from broadcasting in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The channel pulled out of the UK in 2020 after it was fined for inciting murder. Peace TV has reached 200 million viewers. As of August 2019, Peace TV's app was still available in the banned countries, including India, via a free app in the  Google Play Store that had been downloaded more than 100,000 times.

Hate speech laws by country
Hate speech is public speech that expresses hate or encourages violence towards a person or group based on something such as race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation. Hate speech is "usually thought to include communications of animosity or disparagement of an individual or a group on account of a group characteristic such as race, colour, national origin, sex, disability, religion, or sexual orientation".
Sparring
Sparring is a form of training common to many combat sports. It can encompass a range of activities and techniques such as punching, kicking, grappling, throwing, wrestling or submission work dependent on style. Although the precise form varies, it is essentially relatively 'free-form' fighting, with enough rules, customs, or agreements to minimize injuries. By extension, argumentative debate is sometimes called sparring.

Convention (norm)
A convention  influences a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, social norms, or other criteria, often taking the form of a custom.

In physical sciences, numerical values (such as constants, quantities, or scales of measurement) are called conventional if they do not represent a measured property of nature, but originate in a convention, for example an average of many measurements, agreed between the scientists working with these values.
Ian Baker (footballer)
Ian William Baker (born 4 August 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Baker, a half-back, started his VFL career at St Kilda, where he had come to from Redan. He had his best season in 1977 when he played 21 games and earned eight Brownlow Medal votes. After four league seasons at St Kilda, Baker crossed to Richmond and made three home and away appearances for his new club in the 1980 VFL season, a premiership year. He didn't play any more senior football for Richmond and would end up back in the Ballarat Football League.
Baker coached North Ballarat Roosters to premierships in the 1980s. A hard but respected coach.

He was the inaugural coach of TAC Cup side the North Ballarat Rebels in 1993.

Ballarat Football League
The Ballarat Football League (BFL) is an Australian rules football competition that operates in the Ballarat region of Victoria.

The competition formed in 1893 as the Ballarat Football Association and was renamed Ballarat Football League in 1908 and was briefly known as the Ballarat-Wimmera Football League between 1934 and 1936.
Juan María de la Cruz
Juan María de la Cruz, S.C.I. (born Mariano García Méndez, San Esteban de los Patos, Province of Ávila, 25 September 1891 – Silla, Valencia, 23 August 1936) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest.

The Roman Catholic Church considers him a martyr. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2001, together with his fellow martyrs killed in the Spanish Civil War.

Province of Ávila
Ávila (Spanish: [ˈaβila] ⓘ) is a province of central-western Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered on the south by the provinces of Toledo and Cáceres, on the west by Salamanca, on the north by Valladolid, and on the east by Segovia and Madrid. Ávila has a population of 158,265 (2018) and is ranked 47th out of 50 of Spanish provinces in population. Its capital is Ávila.
Malcolm McCusker
Malcolm James McCusker AC CVO KC (born 6 August 1938) is an Australian barrister and philanthropist who was the 31st Governor of Western Australia, serving from July 2011 to June 2014.

Born in Perth, McCusker was educated at Hobart High School (in Hobart, Tasmania) and Perth Modern School, and later completed a Bachelor of Laws degree at the University of Western Australia. Appointed Queen's Counsel in 1982, he worked as a barrister before being named governor, and also chaired several legal committees. In his role as governor, McCusker and his wife served as the patrons for over 100 charitable organisations, including the Perth International Arts Festival, Telethon, and the West Australian Ballet, and the Western Australian branches of Anglicare, the Royal Flying Doctor Service, the Royal Life Saving Society, the RSPCA, and St. John Ambulance. He remains Co-Patron of the W.A. Ear Science Institute and is Patron of the West Coast Eagles Football Club.

Royal Life Saving Society Australia
The Royal Life Saving Society Australia (RLSSA) is a water safety, swimming and lifesaving education organisation in Australia. RLSSA provides courses in water safety, lifesaving and resuscitation.

It awards the Bronze Medallion.
2006–07 Bobsleigh World Cup
The 2006–07 Bobsleigh World Cup is a multi race tournament over a season for bobsleigh. The season started on 27 November 2006 and ended on 25 February 2007. The World Cup is organised by the FIBT who also run world cups and championships in skeleton.

International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.
Midnight Faces (band)
Midnight Faces is an American pop music group originally from Grand Rapids, Michigan and now based in Los Angeles, whose style is influenced by 1980s-era synthpop and post-punk.

Midnight Faces was founded as a duo by composer Matt Doty (a former member of Saxon Shore alongside J. Tillman) and vocalist Philip Stancil. The duo initially lived in different cities (Doty in Grand Rapids, Michigan and Stancil in Washington, D.C.) and created their music using Internet-enabled file sharing, but by November 2014, both members had moved to Los Angeles. For their third album, 2016's Heavenly Bodies, the group expanded to a trio, adding drummer Paul Doyle to its lineup.

File sharing
File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books. Common methods of storage, transmission and dispersion include removable media, centralized servers on computer networks, Internet-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking.

File sharing technologies, such as BitTorrent, are integral to modern media piracy, as well as the sharing of scientific data and other free content.
New Zealand women's national softball team
New Zealand  women's national softball team, nicknamed the White Sox, is the women's national softball team for New Zealand. The "White Sox" name is one of many national team nicknames (indirectly) related to the All Blacks as well as to the famous Boston Red Sox and Chicago White Sox baseball teams.

The team competed at the 1990 ISF Women's World Championship in Normal, Illinois where they finished with 8 wins and 1 loss. The team competed at the 1994 ISF Women's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished sixth. The team competed at the 1998 ISF Women's World Championship in Fujinomiya City, Japan where they finished eleventh. The team competed at the 2002 ISF Women's World Championship in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan where they finished sixth.  The team competed at the 2006 ISF Women's World Championship in Beijing, China where they finished eleventh. The team competed at the 2010 ISF Women's World Championship in Caracas, Venezuela where they finished twelfth.

New Zealand national team nomenclature based on the "All Blacks"
Many of the national sports teams of New Zealand have been given nicknames, officially or otherwise, based on the iconic status of the All Blacks rugby team, and (mostly in the case of female teams) the silver tree fern (Cyathea dealbata) of their logo. The practice became controversial when Badminton New Zealand used the name "Black Cocks" for a period in 2004.
Group 9 element
Group 9, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group (column) of chemical elements in the d-block of the periodic table. Members of Group 9 include cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir) and meitnerium (Mt). These elements are among the rarest of the transition metals, and as of 2025 rhodium and iridium are the only non-radioactive metals with higher prices per weight than gold.

Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in electron configuration, especially in the outermost shells, resulting in trends in chemical behavior; however, rhodium deviates from the pattern.

Aqua regia
Aqua regia (/ˈreɪɡiə, ˈriːdʒiə/; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. Aqua regia is a fuming liquid. Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, but it turns yellow, orange, or red within seconds from the formation of nitrosyl chloride and nitrogen dioxide. It was so named by alchemists because it can dissolve noble metals, such as gold and platinum, while leaving many other metals unaffected. It has been used to process or conceal gold into the modern era.
Sanjeev Shroff
Sanjeev Shroff is an American bioengineer currently the Distinguished Professor of and Gerald E. McGinnis Chair in Bioengineering at University of Pittsburgh and an Elected Fellow of the American Physiological Society, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Society.

Biomedical Engineering Society
BMES (the Biomedical Engineering Society) is the professional society for students, faculty, researchers and industry working in the broad area of biomedical engineering. BMES is the leading biomedical engineering society in the United States and was founded on February 1, 1968 "to promote the increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization."  There are 7,000 members in 2018.

Since 1972, the society has published an academic journal, the Annals of Biomedical Engineering (online archive).
Milton J. Ferguson
Milton James Ferguson (April 11, 1879 – October 23, 1954) was an American librarian.  He graduated from the University of Oklahoma in 1906, and served as librarian of the University of Oklahoma from 1902 to 1907. He helped organize and was elected the first president of the Oklahoma Library Association (1907–08).

He was California State Librarian (1917–1930) and President of the California Library Association in 1919. He wrote about the development of county libraries.  In 1926 Ferguson was an honorary member of the California Society of Printmakers (né Etchers). 
Ferguson also worked for the Carnegie Corporation making library surveys in Africa.

He was Chief librarian of the Brooklyn Public Library from 1930- 1949. In 1933-34 he served as President of the New York Library Association.

In 1938–39, Ferguson was president of the American Library Association.

California Library Association
Established in 1895, the California Library Association (CLA) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable organization.History – California Library Association Members of CLA include library staff members, professional librarians, library and information science graduate students, and those   individuals "interested in the development, promotion and improvement of library services" in the state of California.
Mohammad Sadoughi
Mohammad Sadoughi (Persian: محمد صدوقی; 1909–1982) known as "Sevomin-Shahide-Mehrab" (the 3rd martyr of Mihrab) was an Iranian Twelver Shia Ayatollah born in Yazd.

He served as a representative of the people of Yazd in the assembly of experts and was appointed Imam of Friday Prayer in Yazd in 1980 by decree of the former supreme leader of Iran, Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini.

Sadoughi was born into a prominent religious family. His father, Ayatollah Mirza-Taleb, was a well-known cleric in Yazd and served as the imam of prayer at the Rozeye-Mohammadieh (Hazireh) Mosque.  Sadoughi began his early religious education at the AbdolRahman-Khan school, later continuing his studies in Isfahan before returning to Yazd. He subsequently moved to Qom, where he pursued advanced religious studies in Hawzah. Sadoughi was assassinated on 2 July 1982 after leading the Friday Prayer.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
White Flag (Dido song)
"White Flag" is a song by English singer-songwriter Dido, released as the lead single from her second studio album, Life for Rent (2003). The song was first released to US radio on 7 July 2003 and was issued in the United Kingdom as a physical single on 1 September 2003. The song performed well on record charts around the world, peaking at number one in Australia, Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Norway, and Portugal. In Dido's native UK, it reached number two on the UK Singles Chart, and in the United States, it climbed to number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song's music video, directed by Joseph Kahn, features actor David Boreanaz as Dido's love interest. "White Flag" was nominated for the Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 46th Grammy Awards but lost to Christina Aguilera's "Beautiful". It won the Best British Single at the 2004 Brit Awards. "White Flag" ranked at number 317 on Blender's list "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born".

Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa
The Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa (AFP; English: Portuguese Phonographic Association) is the recording industry association of the major labels in Portugal. Created in 1989, it succeeded GPPFV (Portuguese group of producers of phonograms and videograms) and UNEVA (Union of audio and video editors).

The AFP is the Portuguese group of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). The AFP gathers the main record publishers that operate in the Portuguese market and its affiliates represent more than 95% of the market.

In January 1994, AFP suspended the Portuguese singles chart but continued to publish the Portuguese albums chart. The singles chart was not resumed until July 2000.
Baby Get Higher
Baby Get Higher is a song written by Scottish musician, singer and songwriter David Sneddon. This song written by Sneddon with Graham Stack and Mark Read was his fourth single release and it was not featured on his debut album Seven Years - Ten Weeks (although it was planned to be on a rerelease of the album, but this was cancelled following the single's poor performance). The single was released on 27 October 2003 in the United Kingdom and charted at No.38 in the UK Singles Chart. The song has been covered by Dutch singer VanVelzen and as a dancing hit by Azerbaijani singer Emin Agalarov known as Emin.

Graham Stack (music producer)
Graham Stack is an English record producer and songwriter who has written and produced hit records for many artists including James Arthur, JLS, Kylie Minogue, Take That, LeAnn Rimes, Tina Turner, Girls Aloud, Atomic Kitten, Steps, Westlife, Donna Summer, Rod Stewart, Il Divo and Natalie Cole.

Stack has worked as a music producer and music director on The X Factor UK and The X Factor USA as well as on Britain's Got Talent and America's Got Talent. Stack has also remixed a number of singles including the Latino version of "Can't Fight the Moonlight" for LeAnn Rimes which sold over 1 million copies and was a pan European hit.
Zhongshan Soccer Stadium
Zhongshan Soccer Stadium, Chungshan Soccer Stadium, or Taipei Soccer Stadium (Chinese: 中山足球場; pinyin: Zhōngshān Zúqíuchǎng) was a multi-purpose stadium in Zhongshan District, Taipei, Taiwan. It was established in 1923 as Maruyama Stadium (Japanese: 圓山運動場) during the Japanese period. The soccer stadium was opened in 1989, it was reconstructed from the former site of Yuanshan Baseball Ground (Chinese: 圓山棒球場) under the guidance of then Chinese Taipei Football Association President Chiang Wei-kuo. Although it was built as a soccer-specific stadium, it was mostly used for live concerts or other activities due to lack of professional football league in Taiwan. The stadium was able to hold 20,000 people for football games and 40,000 for concerts. It was managed by the Hope Foundation led by former athlete Chi Cheng.

Chi Cheng (athlete)
Chi Cheng (Chinese: 紀政; born March 15, 1944) is a Taiwanese politician and athlete in track and field. She was an Olympic medalist in 1968 and was named the Associated Press Athlete of the Year for 1970. She was a former pentathlete turned sprinter.
Allison Hueman
Allison Torneros Tinati, professionally known as Hueman, is a Filipino-American graffiti artist, painter, and illustrator based in Oakland, California. Hueman's best-known works include the Golden State Warriors 2022-23 City Edition Uniforms and basketball court, Bloom, a mural in the Los Angeles Arts District commemorating community advocate Joel Bloom, and the cover artwork for Pink’s 2019 record, Hurts 2B Human. As street art is a medium dominated by men, Hueman is noted as a female artist who has achieved significant renown. In 2013, she was one of the first artists commissioned to paint a city mural after Los Angeles lifted its street art ban.

Joel Bloom
Joel Bloom was the eighth President of New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). He became President in 2012 and retired in 2022. He was never a faculty member at any university during his professional life including NJIT.
Buildings at 375–379 Flatbush Avenue and 185–187 Sterling Place
The buildings at 375–379 Flatbush Avenue and 185–187 Sterling Place are a historic group of four commercial and residential buildings located in the Prospect Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. They were built in 1885 and are in the Neo-Grec style with Second Empire elements. The 377–379 Flatbush Avenue building is a 3.5-story masonry structure with a commercial ground floor, apartments above, and a distinctive corner tower with pyramidal roof.  It features a mansard roof.  The 375 Flatbush Avenue building is a commercial/residential structure identical in form to 377–379 Flatbush Avenue, but without a mansard roof.  The 185–187 Sterling Place buildings are two single family row houses built as companions to the other buildings.

The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and are located within the Prospect Heights Historic District, which was created by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2009.

Flatbush Avenue
Flatbush Avenue is a major avenue in the New York City Borough of Brooklyn. It runs from the Manhattan Bridge south-southeastward to Jamaica Bay, where it joins the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, which connects Brooklyn to the Rockaway Peninsula in Queens. The north end was extended from Fulton Street to the Manhattan Bridge as "Flatbush Avenue Extension".

Flatbush Avenue, including the extension, is 9.9 miles (15.9 km) long. The avenue is a four-lane street throughout the majority of its run. North of Atlantic Avenue and south of Utica Avenue, it is a six-lane-wide median-divided street.