hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Campbell River Transit System
Campbell River Transit System provides public transportation to the city of Campbell River, on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Service also extends to Oyster Bay-Buttle Lake, under an agreement with the Strathcona Regional District. Most transit buses are low floor wheelchair accessible and come equipped with bike racks. Transportation for people whose disability prevents them from using conventional bus service is provided by HandyDART service for eligible registered users.

Comox-Strathcona Regional District
The Regional District of Comox-Strathcona was a regional district of British Columbia, Canada, from 1967 to 2008. On February 15, 2008, the regional district was abolished and replaced by two successor regional districts, Comox Valley and Strathcona.

The district covered large portions of northern Vancouver Island and included part of the mainland north of the Sunshine Coast. As of the 2006 census, the Regional District had a population of 101,595. The district's administrative offices were located in Courtenay, although the most populous incorporated community was the District Municipality of Campbell River.
Bramson ORT College
Bramson ORT College was a private college in New York City. Its main campus was located in Forest Hills, Queens, with a satellite campus in Brooklyn. It was affiliated with ORT America, a volunteer organization that is the umbrella organization of ORT in the United States, and World ORT, the parent nonprofit global Jewish organization that promotes education and training in over 100 countries. It was founded in 1979 and closed in 2017.

World ORT
ORT (Russian: Общество Ремесленного Труда, romanized: Obshchestvo Remeslenava Truda, lit. 'Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades'), also known as the Organisation for Rehabilitation through Training, is a global education network driven by Jewish values. It promotes education and training in communities worldwide. Its activities throughout its history have spanned more than 100 countries and five continents. It was founded in 1880 in Saint Petersburg to provide professional and vocational training for young Jews.
Kim Tae-gyun (baseball, born 1971)
Kim Tae-gyun (Korean: 김태균; born August 19, 1971) is a former South Korean baseball player.

Not known for his batting, Kim was an excellent utility infielder and was a key component to the defensive formula of the Samsung Lions in the late-1990s. He was part of the South Korean national baseball team which won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. In the middle of the 2002 season, Kim was traded to the Lotte Giants. After a career year in 2004 Kim was signed as a free agent by the SK Wyverns and played there until 2007 when he announced retirement.

Kim served as the infield instructor of the SK Wyverns reserve team.

Samsung Lions
The Samsung Lions (Korean: 삼성 라이온즈) are a South Korean professional baseball team founded in 1982. They are based in the southeastern city of Daegu and are members of the KBO League. Their home stadium is Daegu Samsung Lions Park. They have won the Korean Championship eight times, and also finished as runners-up on eleven occasions. The Samsung Lions are the first team to win four consecutive Korean Series titles (2011–2014), and are also the first team to win the regular season league title for five consecutive years (2011–2015).

During the 1980s and 1990s, the team was closely associated with the conservative political identity of their home region of Yeongnam. As a result, they developed a rivalry with the Kia Tigers of the liberal Honam region.
Renal oligopeptide reabsorption
Renal oligopeptide reabsorption is the part of renal physiology that deals with the retrieval of filtered oligopeptides, preventing them from disappearing from the body through the urine.

Almost all reabsorption takes place in the proximal tubule. Practically nothing is left in the final urine. Longer oligopeptides, such as angiotensin  and glutathione are degraded by enzymes on the brush border, while shorter ones, such as carnosine, are transported across the apical membrane as a whole by the PepT 1 transporter, and degraded inside the proximal tubule cell.

Angiotensin
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is part of the renin–angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys.

An oligopeptide, angiotensin is a hormone and a dipsogen. It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the liver. Angiotensin was isolated in the late 1930s (first named "angiotonin" or "hypertensin", later renamed "angiotensin" as a consensus by the 2 groups that independently discovered it) and subsequently characterized and synthesized by groups at the Cleveland Clinic and Ciba laboratories.
Dialdehyde starch
Dialdehyde starch is a polysaccharide derived by chemical modification from starch. It is prepared by periodate oxidation of starch. As an aqueous dispersion, it can form a particle gel or a polymer network depending on preparation conditions. Hydrolysis with sulfurous acid yields glyoxal and erythrose.

It has found use in the paper industry, where in it has been shown to improve the wet strength of consumer products like toilet paper and paper towels.

Wet strength
The wet strength of paper and paperboard is a measure of how well the web of fibers holding the paper together can resist a force of rupture when the paper is wet. Wet strength is routinely expressed as the ratio of wet to dry tensile force at break.

With combined board such as corrugated fiberboard or with laminations, wet strength also includes the ability to stay intact under humid or wet conditions.   Wet strength adhesives are often needed.
Christ Church, Wharton
Christ Church, Wharton, is in the town of Winsford, Cheshire, England (grid reference SJ663665). It is an active evangelical Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Middlewich.

Bishop of Chester
The Bishop of Chester is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Chester in the Province of York.

The diocese extends across most of the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, including the Wirral Peninsula and has its see in the City of Chester where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was formerly the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Werburgh, being elevated to cathedral status in 1541. The Bishop's residence is Bishop's House, Chester.

Cheshire previously held a bishopric from 1075 when the seat was at the collegiate church of St John the Baptist until 1102. The present diocese was formed in 1541 under King Henry VIII. Mark Tanner's election as Bishop of Chester was confirmed on 15 July 2020.
Flores de Mayo
Flores de Mayo (Spanish for "flowers of May") is a festival held in the Philippines in the month of May. It is one of the May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary and lasts for the entire month.

The Santacruzan (from the Spanish santa cruz, "holy cross") is the ritual pageant held on the last day of the Flores de Mayo. It honours the finding of the True Cross by Helena of Constantinople (known as Reyna Elena) and Constantine the Great. Its connection with May stems from the May 3 date of Roodmas, which Pope John XXIII deleted in the 1960s due to the trend at the time to abolish holy days that were either duplicates or dedicated to ahistorical saints. The Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross on September 14, which commemorates the recovery of the relic by Emperor Heraclius from the Persians instead of the finding by Saint Helena combines that occasion with Roodmas in the present General Roman Calendar.

General Roman Calendar
The General Roman Calendar (GRC) is the liturgical calendar in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. It indicates the dates of celebrations of saints and mysteries of Jesus according to Christianity wherever this liturgical rite is in use. Some celebrations are a fixed annual date, or occur on a particular day of the week, for example the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord in January and the Feast of Christ the King in November. Other dates relate to the date of Easter, such as the celebrations of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
Battle of Sunset Pass
The Battle of Sunset Pass was fought in November 1874 during the Yavapai War. Following the theft of livestock by a band of Tonto Apaches, a troop of United States Army soldiers was dispatched to track the natives and recover the stolen property. The Americans found the raiders at Sunset Pass, in Coconino County, Arizona, where a small skirmish ensued.

Coconino County, Arizona
Coconino County is a county in the  North-Central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. Its population was 145,101 at the 2020 census. The county seat is Flagstaff. The county takes its name from Cohonino, a name applied to the Havasupai people. It is the second-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, behind San Bernardino County, California. It has 18,661 sq mi (48,332 km2), or 16.4% of Arizona's total area, and is larger than the nine smallest states in the U.S.

Coconino County comprises the Flagstaff metropolitan statistical area, Grand Canyon National Park, the federally recognized Havasupai Nation, and parts of the federally recognized Navajo, Hualapai, and Hopi nations. As a result, its relatively large Native American population makes up nearly 30% of the county's total population; it is mostly Navajo, with smaller numbers of other tribes.

The county was the setting for George Herriman's early 20th-century Krazy Kat comic strip.
12th Annual Grammy Awards
The 12th Annual Grammy Awards were held on March 11, 1970. They recognized accomplishments of musicians for the year 1969. Bill Cosby hosted in Los Angeles, Merv Griffin hosted in New York, Regis Philbin hosted in Chicago, Jack Palance hosted in Nashville, and Ray Stevens and Steve Alaimo in Atlanta.

Peggy Lee
Norma Deloris Egstrom (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002), known professionally as Peggy Lee, was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, and actress whose career spanned seven decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman's big band, Lee created a sophisticated persona, writing music for films, acting, and recording conceptual record albums combining poetry and music. Called the "Queen of American pop music", Lee recorded more than 1,100 masters and co-wrote more than 270 songs. She is best known for her role in the Walt Disney classic Lady and the Tramp, where she voiced Darling, Peg, and the Siamese cats, among others. She received an Academy Award nomination for her role in the 1955 film Pete Kelly's Blues.
Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla is a Mexican biologist who is the Director of the Stem Cell Center, the Director of the Institute for Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), and a Group Leader at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.

Development (journal)
Development is a bi-weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of developmental biology that covers cellular and molecular mechanisms of animal and plant development. It is published by The Company of Biologists. Development is partnered with Publons, is part of the Review Commons initiative and has two-way integration with bioRxiv.

In 2009, the BioMedical & Life Sciences Division of the Special Libraries Association included Development in their list of top 100 journals in Biology and Medicine over the last 100 years.
Recently (album)
Recently is a studio album by the American musician Joan Baez, released in 1987. It was her first album of new material issued in the US in eight years.

Baez covered Mark Knopfler, U2, Peter Gabriel, and Johnny Clegg. Baez wrote two of the album's songs.

The track "Asimbonanga" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Recording.

Johnny Clegg
Jonathan Paul Clegg, OBE OIS (7 June 1953 – 16 July 2019) was a British-born South African musician, singer-songwriter, dancer, anthropologist and anti-apartheid activist.

He first performed as part of a duo - Johnny & Sipho - with Sipho Mchunu which released its first single, "Woza Friday" in 1976. The two then went on to form the band Juluka which released its debut album in 1979. In 1986, Clegg founded the band Savuka, and also recorded as a solo act, occasionally reuniting with his earlier band partners. Sometimes called Le Zoulou Blanc (French: [lə zulu blɑ̃], for "The White Zulu"), he was an important figure in South African popular music and a prominent white figure in the resistance to apartheid, becoming for a period the subject of investigation by the security branch of the South African Police. His songs mixed English with Zulu lyrics, and also combined working class African music with various forms of Western popular music.
Make It Hot (VS song)
"Make It Hot" is the third single released by British band VS, and the third taken from their debut studio album, All Kinds of Trouble (2004). The single was released on 11 October 2004, peaking at number 29 on the UK Singles Chart.

VS (group)
VS were a British R&B and pop group that had three hit singles in the United Kingdom. The group were the brainchild of Blue member Simon Webbe (who was also their manager), Melody from DJ Pied Piper and the Masters of Ceremonies, and established singer-songwriter Ali Tennant, who came together to form the production company 'Love for Music'.
Concentration parameter
In probability theory and statistics, a concentration parameter is a special kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributions. Concentration parameters occur in two kinds of distribution: In the Von Mises–Fisher distribution, and in conjunction with distributions whose domain is a probability distribution, such as the symmetric Dirichlet distribution and the Dirichlet process.  The rest of this article focuses on the latter usage.

The larger the value of the concentration parameter, the more evenly distributed is the resulting distribution (the more it tends towards the uniform distribution).  The smaller the value of the concentration parameter, the more sparsely distributed is the resulting distribution, with most values or ranges of values having a probability near zero (in other words, the more it tends towards a distribution concentrated on a single point, the degenerate distribution defined by the Dirac delta function).

Continuous uniform distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the continuous uniform distributions or rectangular distributions are a family of symmetric probability distributions. Such a distribution describes an experiment where there is an arbitrary outcome that lies between certain bounds. The bounds are defined by the parameters,  and  which are the minimum and maximum values. The interval can either be closed (i.e. ) or open (i.e. ). Therefore, the distribution is often abbreviated  where  stands for uniform distribution. The difference between the bounds defines the interval length; all intervals of the same length on the distribution's support are equally probable. It is the maximum entropy probability distribution for a random variable  under no constraint other than that it is contained in the distribution's support.
Peter Rousseeuw
Peter J. Rousseeuw (born 13 October 1956) is a Belgian statistician known for his work on robust statistics and cluster analysis. He obtained his PhD in 1981 at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, following research carried out at the ETH in Zurich, which led to a book on influence functions. Later he was professor at the Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and at the University of Antwerp, Belgium. Next he was a senior researcher at Renaissance Technologies. He then returned to Belgium as professor at KU Leuven, until becoming emeritus in 2022. His former PhD students include Annick Leroy, Hendrik Lopuhaä, Geert Molenberghs, Christophe Croux, Mia Hubert, Stefan Van Aelst, Tim Verdonck and Jakob Raymaekers.

University of Antwerp
The University of Antwerp (Dutch: Universiteit Antwerpen) is a major Belgian university located in the city of Antwerp. The official abbreviation is UAntwerp. The University of Antwerp has about 20,000 students, which makes it the third-largest university in Flanders. The University of Antwerp is characterised by its high standards in education, internationally competitive research and entrepreneurial approach. It was founded in 2003 after the merger of three smaller universities.
Glen Burdon
Glen William Burdon (born August 4, 1954) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centreman who played 11 games in the National Hockey League for the Kansas City Scouts. Burdon played junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Canada Hockey League and was selected by both the Scouts in the 1974 NHL amateur draft and the Edmonton Oilers of the World Hockey Association in the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft. Signing with the Scouts he made his NHL debut that year, also playing in the minor American Hockey League (AHL). He played parts of three more seasons in both the AHL and International Hockey League before retiring in 1979.

1974 WHA amateur draft
The 1974 WHA amateur draft was the second amateur draft held by the World Hockey Association. The first two rounds of the draft were conducted in secret in February and only graduating junior players (born in 1954) were eligible for selection. The remaining rounds were conducted on May 31.

However, the WHA had reached an agreement with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association between the two draft sessions, which permitted the WHA teams to draft one underage junior player (born in 1955 or 1956) in either the first or second round. As a result, the WHA renumbered the rounds of the draft, indicating that the first two rounds—conducted in February—were now rounds three and four, while the first two rounds conducted in May were rounds one and two, keeping them eligible to draft the underage players.
James reduced product
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the James reduced product or James construction J(X) of a topological space X with given basepoint e is the quotient of the disjoint union of all powers X, X2, X3, ... obtained by identifying points (x1,...,xk−1,e,xk+1,...,xn) with (x1,...,xk−1, xk+1,...,xn). In other words, its underlying set is the free monoid generated by X (with unit e). It was introduced by Ioan James (1955).

For a connected CW complex X, the James reduced product J(X) has the same homotopy type as ΩΣX, the loop space of the suspension of X.

The commutative analogue of the James reduced product is called the infinite symmetric product.

Quotient space (topology)
In topology and related areas of mathematics, the quotient space of a topological space under a given equivalence relation is a new topological space constructed by endowing the quotient set of the original topological space with the quotient topology, that is, with the finest topology that makes continuous the canonical projection map (the function that maps points to their equivalence classes). In other words, a subset of a quotient space is open if and only if its preimage under the canonical projection map is open in the original topological space.

Intuitively speaking, the points of each equivalence class are identified or "glued together" for forming a new topological space. For example, identifying the points of a sphere that belong to the same diameter produces the projective plane as a quotient space.
Jules Lefort
Jules Lefort (27 January 1822 – 7 September 1898), was a French lyrical singer of the Victorian era who in a career that spanned three decades regularly sang in the salons of wealthy and aristocratic patrons and in fashionable concert rooms both in Paris and London and across Europe. During his early singing career he was a tenor and a baritone but by the time of his later career in 1871 his voice had lowered to bass.

Eugénie de Montijo
Eugénie de Montijo (French: [øʒeni də mɔ̃tiʁo]; born María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick; 5 May 1826 – 11 July 1920) was Empress of the French from her marriage to Napoleon III on 30 January 1853 until he was overthrown on 4 September 1870. From 28 July to 4 September 1870, she was the de facto head of state of France.

Born to prominent Spanish nobility, Eugénie was educated in France, Spain, and England. As Empress, she used her influence to champion "authoritarian and clerical policies"; her involvement in politics earned her much criticism from contemporaries. Napoléon and Eugénie had one child together, Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial (1856–1879). After the fall of the Empire, the three lived in exile in England; Eugénie outlived both her husband and son and spent the remainder of her life working to commemorate their memories and the memory of the Second French Empire.
Harry Blamires
Harry Blamires (6 November 1916 – 21 November 2017) was an English Anglican theologian, literary critic, and novelist. Blamires was once head of the English department at King Alfred's College (now the University of Winchester) in Winchester, England. He started writing in the late 1940s at the encouragement of his friend and mentor C. S. Lewis, who had been his tutor at Oxford University, where he graduated from University College.

University College, Oxford
University College, formally The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University commonly called University College in the University of Oxford and colloquially referred to as "Univ", is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded by William of Durham in 1249.

As of 2024, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £156.679 million, and their total net assets amounted to £255.431 million.

The college is associated with a number of influential people, including Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Festus Mogae, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, R.F. Kuang, William Beveridge, Bob Hawke, Robert Cecil, Tom Hooper, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Christian Cole, the first Black student to graduate from the university.
Cloghy
Cloghy (/ˈklɔːxiː/ KLAWKH-ee; from Irish Clochaigh, meaning 'stony place'), also spelt Cloughy or Cloughey, is a small village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies on the east (Irish Sea) coast of the Ards Peninsula, in the Ards and North Down Borough. It had a population of 1,075 people in the 2011 Census.

Ards and North Down Borough Council
Ards and North Down Borough Council is a local authority in Northern Ireland that was established on 1 April 2015. It replaced Ards Borough Council and North Down Borough Council. The first elections to the authority took place on 22 May 2014 and, prior to the official creation of the Ards and North Down district on 1 April 2015, it acted as a shadow authority.

The district was originally called "North Down and Ards" but the council was known as "Ards and North Down District Council". Councillors on the transitional shadow authority (prior to the council's official creation) voted on 15 December 2014 to submit an application to the Department of the Environment to change the name to East Coast Borough Council with effect from 1 April 2015. Negative public reaction to the proposed name prompted a rethink. The district name "Ards and North Down" was not finalised until 2016. The transfer of the borough charter from North Down Borough Council was delayed until after the district naming.