hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William K. MacNulty
William Kirk MacNulty (May 22, 1892 in Antrim, Pennsylvania – August 3, 1964) was a U. S. Marine. He was a U.S. Marine Corps second lieutenant during World War I and saw action at the Battle of the Argonne Forest. He served as a captain during the Second U.S. Nicaraguan Campaign (1926–1933). During the Second World War, as a lieutenant colonel he commanded the U.S. Marine Corps defense of Guam against Imperial Japanese forces during the First Battle of Guam. He was incarcerated by the Japanese as a prisoner of war. He was promoted to brigadier general during captivity and retired from military service in 1946. He is buried at the Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, San Mateo County, California.

San Mateo County, California
San Mateo County, officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City is the county seat, the third-most populated city in the county after Daly City and San Mateo.

San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA (metropolitan statistical area), Silicon Valley, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. As of 2020, it has a median household income of $128,091, the fourth-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia, and Santa Clara County, California.

The county covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. The county is predominantly suburban and is home to many corporate campuses.
The Divorcee (1919 film)
The Divorcee is a 1919 American society drama starring Ethel Barrymore in her last silent feature film. The film is based on a 1907 play, Lady Frederick by young Somerset Maugham, which had starred Barrymore on Broadway. The play was already quite dated when this film was made, but the actress was always comfortable with this kind of soap-operish melodramatic material. Herbert Blaché directed, and June Mathis wrote the scenario based on Maugham's play. The film was produced and distributed by the Metro Pictures company.

It is believed to be a lost film. The last known surviving copy was destroyed in the 1965 MGM vault fire.

1965 MGM vault fire
On August 10, 1965, a fire erupted in Vault 7, a storage facility at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio (MGM) backlot (now Sony Pictures Studios) in Culver City, California. It was caused by an electrical short that ignited flammable stored nitrate film. The initial explosion reportedly killed at least one person, and the resulting fire destroyed the entire contents of the vault, which included archived prints of silent and early sound films produced by MGM and its predecessors. The only known copies of hundreds of films were destroyed.
2020–21 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The 2020–21 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup was the 42nd World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 20 November 2020 and finished on 27 March 2021. This season included six disciplines: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air.

Ski cross
Ski cross is a skiing competition which incorporates terrain features traditionally found in freestyle skiing with courses which include big-air jumps and high-banked turns. In spite of the fact that it is a timed racing event, it is often considered a type of freestyle skiing. What sets ski cross apart from other alpine skiing disciplines is that it involves more than one skier racing down the course. Any intentional contact with other competitors like grabbing or any other forms of contact meant to give the competitor an advantage leads to disqualification.

Ski cross is a part of the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, the world championship organized by the FIS for freestyle skiing. First organized in 1986, the world championship is now held every odd year. In 2010 the sport debuted as a part of the Winter Olympic Games and has been contested ever since. It was a part of the Winter X Games until 2012.
Philip Yorke (antiquary)
Philip Yorke (30 July 1743 – 19 February 1804) was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1775 and 1792 and an antiquary who developed an interest in Welsh history and genealogy relatively late in life. He was the author of The Royal Tribes of Wales (1799).

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Borima Bay
Borima Bay (Bulgarian: залив Борима, romanized: zaliv Borima, IPA: [ˈzaliv ˈbɔrimɐ]) is the 6.5 km wide cove indenting for 8 km Oscar II Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica south of Diralo Point and north of Caution Point.  It is part of Exasperation Inlet, Weddell Sea formed as a result of the disintegration of Larsen Ice Shelf in the area in 2002 and the subsequent retreat of Jorum Glacier and Minzuhar Glacier.

The feature is named after the settlement of Borima in northern Bulgaria.

Jorum Glacier
Jorum Glacier (65°14′S 62°3′W﻿ / ﻿65.233°S 62.050°W﻿ / -65.233; -62.050) is a glacier draining the southeast slopes of Forbidden Plateau, and lowing east into Exasperation Inlet, just north of Caution Point, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1947 and 1955. The UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee name alludes to the punchbowl shape of the head of the glacier, a "jorum" being a large drinking bowl used for punch.
NGC 435
NGC 435 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located around 478 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus. NGC 435 was discovered on October 23, 1864 by Albert Marth, and it does not have an active galactic nucleus or much star-formation.

NGC 435 was described by John Louis Emil Dreyer as "extremely faint, small, extended."

John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (13 February 1852 – 14 September 1926), also Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland.  He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.
Wang Hanzhong
Wang Hanzhong (born 27 December 1963) is a Chinese rapeseed genetics and breeding engineer who is vice president of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, deputy leader of the Expert Steering Group for Whole Process Mechanization of Crop Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Rapeseed
Rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. napus), also known as rape and oilseed rape and canola, is a yellow-flowered member of the Brassicaceae family.

The plant is cultivated primarily for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains mildly toxic erucic acid. The term canola refers to a group of rapeseed cultivars with very low levels of erucic acid that are prized as food for humans and animals. The plant is the third-largest source of vegetable oil and the second-largest source of protein meal in the world.
2014 Aegon Trophy – Men's doubles
Jamie Murray and John Peers were the defending champions, but decided not to compete.

Chris Guccione and Rajeev Ram won the title, defeating Colin Fleming and Andre Sá in the final, 6–7(2–7), 6–2, [11–9].

André Sá
André Rezende Sá (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈdɾɛ ˈsa]; born 6 May 1977) is a former Brazilian tennis player.

In singles, he was a Wimbledon quarterfinalist in 2002. Sá reached the semifinals of ATP tournaments in Memphis and Hong Kong in 2000 and 2001 respectively. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 17, winning 11 doubles titles.
Charles-André Merda
Général de brigade Charles André Merda, baron Meda (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl ɑ̃dʁe mɛʁda]; 10 January 1770 – 8 September 1812) was a French soldier. A National Guardsman in the Parisian National Guard from September 1789, then a gendarme from 1794, he participated in the arrest of Maximilien de Robespierre on the night of 9/10 Thermidor Year II (27 July 1794) and claimed to have fired the pistol shot which broke Robespierre's jaw and hit Couthon's helper in his leg.

Under the First French Empire he was made a baron and changed his surname to Meda (sometimes spelt Méda). Whilst fighting as colonel of the 1er régiment de chasseurs à cheval (France), he was mortally wounded by a musket ball at the battle of Borodino and was made a general on his deathbed. He was survived by his wife and two sons.

Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)
The Imperial Guard (French: Garde Impériale) was the imperial guard formation of the French Imperial Army. Under the direct command of Napoleon, the formation expanded considerably over time and acted as his personal bodyguard and tactical reserve. The Imperial Guard was divided into a general staff and infantry, cavalry and artillery regiments along with battalions of sappers and marines. It distinguished between experienced veterans and less experienced members by being separated into three formations: the Old Guard, Middle Guard and Young Guard. The Young Guard was virtually annihilated in the Battle of Krasnoi during the French invasion of Russia.
Tamás Esterházy (1570–1616)
Tamás Esterházy de Galántha (8 May 1570 – 1616) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; vicecomes) of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. One of his brothers was Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary.

He studied at the University of Wittenberg since 3 October 1589 where he converted to Calvinism. He translated one of his teacher, Aegidius Hunnius's works into Hungarian. Cardinal Péter Pázmány, a key member and initiator of the Hungarian counter-Reformation condemned Esterházy's work and called Hunnius' publication as "evil".

Tamás Esterházy died in 1616 at Galántha, ancient estate of the House of Esterházy.

Pozsony County
Pozsony county was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now mostly part of Slovakia, while a small area belongs to Hungary. In 1969, the three villages that remained in Hungary were combined to form Dunasziget.

Its name changed along with that of the city of Pressburg (Hungarian: Pozsony, today's Bratislava). Its names around 1900 were Pozsony vármegye in Hungarian, Prešpurská župa in Slovak and Preßburger Gespanschaft in German.
Pierre Marie Arthur Morelet
Pierre Marie Arthur Morelet (26 August 1809 – 9 October 1892) was a French naturalist, born in Lays, Doubs. He was a member of the commission to Algeria, primarily as a natural artist, drawing any natural findings. He collected specimens in the Canary Islands, Guatemala and Mexico.

He had a particular interest in molluscs and was recognised as a leading expert in the field.

Morelet married Noémie de Folin, sister of Léopold de Folin. Morelet died of natural causes in 1892, in Dijon.

Morelet's tree frog
Morelet's tree frog (Agalychnis moreletii), also known as black-eyed leaf frog and popeye hyla, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is found in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
Old Me (5 Seconds of Summer song)
"Old Me" is a song by Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer, released on 21 February 2020 originally as the first promotional single from the band's fourth studio album Calm, before being released to radio on 6 March 2020 as the album's fourth single. The song was written by Luke Hemmings, Ashton Irwin, Alexandra Tamposi, Andrew Wotman, William Walsh, Louis Bell, Brian Lee and Andre Proctor.

Luke Hemmings
Luke Robert Hemmings (born 16 July 1996) is an Australian singer and musician, best known for being the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and a founding member of the pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer. Since 2014, 5 Seconds of Summer have sold more than 10 million albums, sold over two million concert tickets worldwide, and the band's songs streams surpass 7 billion, making them one of the most successful Australian musical exports in history.

His debut studio album, When Facing the Things We Turn Away From, was released through Sony Music Australia on 13 August 2021. When Facing the Things We Turn Away From debuted atop the ARIA Albums Chart and peaked within the top 20 in Belgium and the United Kingdom.

Hemmings released a solo EP, Boy, on 26 April 2024. He also began touring with the EP on his Nostalgia For A Time That Never Existed Tour that started in May 2024.
Pasong Tamo
Pasong Tamo, translated from Tagalog as "path of tamo", a type of wild grass, can mean two places in Metro Manila, Philippines:

Chino Roces Avenue, Makati, formerly called Pasong Tamo

Barangay Pasong Tamo, a neighborhood in Quezon City
Battle of Pasong Tamo, skirmishes during the Philippine Revolution

Chino Roces Avenue
Chino Roces Avenue, formerly known as (and still commonly referred to as) Pasong Tamo, is a prominent north–south road in Makati and Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. It runs 5.80 kilometers (3.60 miles) from Olympia and Tejeros to Fort Bonifacio. The avenue is named after the Filipino journalist Joaquin "Chino" Roces. The fact that the avenue is the location of various media establishments influenced the renaming.
Henry S. Clark
Henry S. Clark Jr. (January 19, 1904 – February 6, 1999) was an American Hall of Fame horse trainer. In 2007, Henry Clark was part of the inaugural class inducted into Delaware Park Racetrack's Wall of Fame.

Henry Clark was the grandson of William Jennings Sr. who bred, raced and trained Dunboyne to win the 1887 Preakness Stakes.

Clark began his professional career in 1929 and got his first stakes winner with Liz Whitney Tippett's colt, Blue Cypress. He worked well into his nineties and holds the record for most wins by a trainer in the Delaware Handicap with four.

Delaware Park Racetrack
Delaware Park (also known as DelPark) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing track, casino, and golf course in Stanton, Delaware.  It is located just outside the city of Wilmington, and about 30 miles from Philadelphia.
Kotor-Varoš (srez)
Kotor-Varoš was a srez (a second-level administrative unit) centered at Kotor Varoš, that existed during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Socialist Yugoslavia. It had earlier been a kreis of Austro-Hungarian Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was a subdivision of the Vrbas Oblast in 1922–29, Vrbas Banovina in 1929–41, and thereafter the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was abolished in 1955.

In 1948 and 1953, it included the six municipalities of Kotor Varoš, Previle, Skender Vakuf, Šiprage, Vrbanjci and Zabrđe.

Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina fell under Austro-Hungarian rule in 1878, when the Congress of Berlin approved the occupation of the Bosnia Vilayet, which officially remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Three decades later, in 1908, Austria-Hungary provoked the Bosnian crisis by formally annexing the occupied zone, establishing the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the joint control of Austria and Hungary.
Anthony Richard
Anthony Richard (born December 20, 1996) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward for the Lehigh Valley Phantoms in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the fourth round, 100th overall, by the Nashville Predators in the 2015 NHL entry draft. Richard has also previously played for the Montreal Canadiens and Boston Bruins

Lehigh Valley Phantoms
The Lehigh Valley Phantoms are a professional ice hockey team based in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The team competes in the American Hockey League (AHL) and serves as the primary development team for the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League.

The Phantoms have been the top minor league affiliate for the Flyers since the 1996–97 season, playing in Philadelphia as the Philadelphia Phantoms from 1996 until 2009, then in Glens Falls, New York, as the Adirondack Phantoms from 2010 until 2013, and in Allentown as the Lehigh Valley Phantoms since 2014.

The Lehigh Valley Phantoms play their home games at PPL Center, an 8,500 capacity, $282 million indoor arena that opened in downtown Allentown on September 10, 2014.
Omed-omedan
Omed-omedan (also spelled Oméd-omédan; Indonesian pronunciation: [ɔ.mɛd.ɔˈmɛ.dan]), or "The Kissing Ritual", is a ceremony that is held by the young people of Banjar Kaja Sesetan, Denpasar, Bali. Omed-omedan is held on the day of ngembak geni (a day after Nyepi) to celebrate the Saka new year. The name is derived from the Balinese language and means pull-pull.

The ceremony is performed to make friendships and maintain people's harmony and solidarity. This ceremony also became a meeting place for singles. Many couples have met through this tradition.

Indian national calendar
The Indian national calendar, also called the Shaka calendar or Śaka calendar, is a solar calendar that is used alongside the Gregorian calendar by The Gazette of India, in news broadcasts by All India Radio, and in calendars and official communications issued by the Government of India. It was adopted in 1957 following the recommendation of the Calendar Reform Committee.

Śaka Samvat is generally 78 years behind the Gregorian calendar, except from January–March, when it is behind by 79 years.
Frederick Schauer
Frederick Franklin Schauer (January 15, 1946 – September 1, 2024) was an American legal scholar who served as David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He was also the Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. He was well known for his work on American constitutional law, free speech, and on legal reasoning, especially the nature and value of legal formalism.

Constitutional law of the United States
The constitutional law of the United States is the body of law governing the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. The subject concerns the scope of power of the United States federal government compared to the individual states and the fundamental rights of individuals. The ultimate authority upon the interpretation of the Constitution and the constitutionality of statutes, state and federal, lies with the Supreme Court of the United States.
Great Coastal Gale of 2007
The Great Coastal Storm of 2007 was a series of three powerful Pacific storms that affected the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington and the Canadian province of British Columbia between November 29 and December 4, 2007.

The storms on December 2 and 3 produced an extremely long-duration wind event with hurricane-force wind gusts of
up to 137 mph (220 km/h) at Holy Cross, Washington, on the Pacific coast, and 129 mph (208 km/h) at Bay City on the Oregon Coast. The storm also brought heavy rains, producing widespread record flooding throughout the region, and was blamed for at least 18 deaths.

Meteorologists at the Oregon Climate Service named the storm in January 2008, drawing from the Great Gale of 1880, a similar powerful storm that affected the region in 1880.

Automated airport weather station
Airport weather stations are automated sensor suites which are designed to serve aviation and meteorological operations, weather forecasting and climatology. Automated airport weather stations have become part of the backbone of weather observing in the United States and Canada and are becoming increasingly more prevalent worldwide due to their efficiency and cost-savings.
FC Kyzylzhar
FC Qyzyljar (Kazakh: Қызылжар футбол клубы) is a Kazakhstani football club, playing in the Kazakh city of Petropavl at the Karasai Stadium. They are founding members of the Kazakhstan Premier League. Qyzyljar is the name of a district in the city. They are two time runners-up of the Premier league: In 1999 and 2000.

Kazakhstan Premier League
The Kazakhstan Professional Football League (Kazakh: Қазақстан Премьер Лигасы), commonly referred to as the Kazakh Premier League or simply the Premier League, is a professional association football league in Kazakhstan and the highest level of the Kazakh football league system.

The league is controlled by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan and was set up in 1992. The league is fed into by the First Division and starts in spring and finishes in late autumn because of the low temperatures in the winter, with each championship corresponding to a calendar year. The majority of matches have been played at weekends in recent seasons.
1983 ACC men's basketball tournament
The 1983 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball tournament was held in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Omni Coliseum from March 11–13. NC State defeated Virginia, 81–78, to win the championship. Sidney Lowe of NC State was named tournament MVP. It was the first time the event was held in Atlanta.

Omni Coliseum
Omni Coliseum (often called The Omni) was an indoor arena in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Completed in 1972, the arena seated 16,378 for basketball and 15,278 for hockey. It was part of the Omni Complex, now known as the CNN Center.

It was the home arena for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1972 until the arena's closure in 1997, and the Atlanta Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL) from their inception in 1972 until 1980, when the franchise was sold and relocated to Calgary, Alberta. It hosted the 1977 Final Four, the 1988 Democratic National Convention, and the 1996 Summer Olympics indoor volleyball competition.

The Omni was closed and demolished in 1997. Its successor, Philips Arena (now State Farm Arena), was constructed on the Omni's site and opened in 1999.
Pin Me Down
Pin Me Down were a pop/electronica/rock side project of guitarist Russell Lissack, of the British band Bloc Party, and guitarist/singer Milena Mepris. The band was managed by Robt Ptak, who had previously worked with Mepris in Ptak's project Artificial Joy. The band made their live debut as a 5–6 piece in May 2008 in London, supporting Yeasayer.

Side project
In popular music, a side project is a project undertaken by one or more people already known for their involvement in another band. It can also be an artist or a band temporarily switching to a different style.

Usually these projects emphasize a different aspect of that person's or that band's musical interests that they feel they cannot explore within the boundaries established by their main project. Side projects can later become full-time endeavours, but should not be confused with quitting a band for a solo career or another band. Peter Hartlaub of San Francisco Chronicle called the solo side project "the biggest longshot bet in mainstream music".

The New York Times described the side project as "a break from the other band members, a chance to toy with different genres and recording methods, a fling with no long-term commitment". There can be aesthetic reasons to pursue side projects, and side projects can have the benefit of protecting indie credibility.