hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Postage stamps and postal history of the Free City of Danzig
This is an overview of the postage stamps and postal history of the Free City of Danzig.

Danzig, now Gdańsk, is a Polish city on the Baltic coast. It was the Free City of Danzig with its own stamps from 1920 until 1939.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Julius Richard Büchi
Julius Richard Büchi (1924–1984) was a Swiss logician and mathematician.

He received his Dr. sc. nat. in 1950 at ETH Zurich under the supervision of Paul Bernays and Ferdinand Gonseth. Shortly afterwards he went to Purdue University in Lafayette, Indiana. He and his first student Lawrence Landweber had a major influence on the development of theoretical computer science.

Together with his friend Saunders Mac Lane, a student of Paul Bernays as well, Büchi published numerous celebrated works. He invented what is now known as the Büchi automaton, a finite-state machine accepting certain sets of infinite sequences of characters known as omega-regular languages. The "n squares' problem", known also as Büchi's problem, is an open problem from number theory, closely related to Hilbert's tenth problem.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Ed Limato
Edward Frank Limato (July 10, 1936 – July 3, 2010) was an American talent agent and a senior vice president at the William Morris Agency, representing clients such as Michelle Pfeiffer, Nicolas Cage, Mel Gibson, Steve Martin, Diana Ross, Richard Gere, Antonio Banderas and Denzel Washington. Before coming to WMA, Limato was a partner and co-president at International Creative Management for more than a decade, from 1988 to 1999.

Richard Gere
Richard Tiffany Gere (/ɡɪər/ GHEER; born August 31, 1949) is an American actor. He began appearing in films in the 1970s, playing a supporting role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and a starring role in Days of Heaven (1978). Gere came to prominence with his role in the film American Gigolo (1980), which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol. Gere's other films include An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), The Cotton Club (1984), Internal Affairs (1990), Pretty Woman (1990), Sommersby (1993), First Knight (1995), Primal Fear (1996), Runaway Bride (1999), Unfaithful (2002), Shall We Dance? (2004), I'm Not There (2007), Arbitrage (2012) and Norman (2016). For portraying Billy Flynn in the musical Chicago (2002), he won a Golden Globe Award.
2017 UEFA Regions' Cup
The 2017 UEFA Regions' Cup was the 10th edition of the UEFA Regions' Cup, a football competition for amateur teams in Europe organized by UEFA.

Zagreb, which lost to Leinster/Munster (Eastern Region) in the previous edition's final, defeated Munster/Connacht (Region 2), also from the Republic of Ireland, in this edition's final to become the first team from Croatia to win the UEFA Regions' Cup.

Leinster Football Association
The Leinster Football Association (LFA) is the governing body for association football in the Irish province of Leinster. It is responsible for organizing the Leinster Senior Cup and the Leinster Senior League as well as numerous other leagues and cup competitions for junior and youth teams. It was founded in 1892 and is the oldest football association in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Outside of the United Kingdom, only the national football associations of Denmark and the Netherlands are older. It was originally affiliated to the Belfast–based Irish Football Association, but following the  partition of Ireland in 1921, it seceded from the IFA and subsequently played a leading role in the establishment of the Dublin–based Football Association of Ireland. It remains closely associated with the FAI and even shares a headquarters.
Carol Eckman
Carol Ann Eckman (January 11, 1938 – July 30, 1985) was an American women's basketball coach and was known as the "Mother of the Women's Collegiate Basketball Championship".

She was the basketball coach at West Chester University from 1967–72 and helped organize the first collegiate women’s basketball championship tournament in 1969. Her team, the Golden Rams, won the national championship game each of the next three years. She had a 68–5 record in her five seasons as the coach of West Chester University.

The annual Carol Eckman Award is given by the Women's Basketball Coaches Association to a women's college basketball coach.

In 1999, she was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame.

Eckman was born in Berlin, Pennsylvania, to Frank Eckman, the son of Swedish immigrants, and Grace Smearman, of German descent. She died in Williamsport, Pennsylvania.

Berlin, Pennsylvania
Berlin is a borough located approximately 75 miles southeast of Pittsburgh in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,004 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The town's major celebration each fall concerns the Whiskey Rebellion in the 1790s, although in recent years residents also commemorate the termination of Flight 93 in nearby Shanksville in 2001. The Berlin Fife and Drum Corps is one of the oldest such bands in North America. Snyder of Berlin potato chips are made in town, which also hosts Center Rock, Inc., a drilling-equipment manufacturer. Farming and coal mining have long been important in the area.

It is not located near East Berlin in Adams County, or New Berlin in Union County. East Berlin was previously called Berlin but had to have the "East" added to avoid confusion with this Berlin.
Markland (surname)
Markland is a surname of the following people:

Gene Markland (1919–1999), American baseball player

George Herchmer Markland (1790–1862), Upper Canada politician

James Heywood Markland (1788–1864), English solicitor

Jeff Markland (born 1965), American football player

Jeremiah Markland (1693–1776), English classical scholar

Peter Markland (born 1951), English chess player

Robert Markland (fl. 1659), English politician

Stuart Markland (born 1948), Scottish footballer

Ted Markland (1933–2011), American actor

Ted Markland
Ted Markland (January 15, 1933 – December 18, 2011) was an American character actor.

Markland is best known for the role of Reno in the NBC television series The High Chaparral.

Markland had a small part in the television Western Bat Masterson (S2E21 as Rancher "Lem Taylor").
Saccule
The saccule (Latin: sacculus) is a bed of sensory cells in the inner ear that detects linear acceleration and head tilting in the vertical plane, and converts these vibrations into electrical impulses to be interpreted by the brain. When the head accelerates vertically, the sensory cells of the saccule are moved due to a combination of inertia and gravity. In response, the neurons connected to the saccule transmit electrical impulses that represent this movement to the brain.  These impulses travel along the vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII) to the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem.

The vestibular system is important for balance, or equilibrium.  It includes the saccule, utricle, and the three semicircular canals.  The vestibule is the name of the fluid-filled, membranous duct that contains these organs of balance and is in turn encased in the temporal bone of the skull as a part of the inner ear.

Temporal bone
The temporal bone is a paired bone situated at the sides and base of the skull, lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples where four of the cranial bones fuse. Each temple is covered by a temporal muscle. The temporal bones house the structures of the ears. The lower seven cranial nerves and the major vessels to and from the brain traverse the temporal bone.
Kekec (film)
Kekec is a 1951 Slovene/Yugoslavian adventure-youth film directed by Jože Gale. It is based on mountain narrative Kekec Above the Lonely Abyss (Kekec nad samotnim breznom), by Josip Vandot, the last of three stories about Kekec, published in Slovenian youth magazine Zvonček in 1924. The film was produced by Triglav Film and originally distributed by Vesna film, now Viba film. It is set in the northwest part of the Slovenian mountains, mainly in the author's birthplace, Kranjska Gora, and the Julian Alps.

This is the first in the Jože Gale film series about Kekec and has two sequels: Good Luck, Kekec (Srečno, Kekec!) from 1963 and Kekec's Tricks (Kekčeve ukane) from 1968.

More than a thousand children auditioned for casting director Ernest Adamič.

Kranjska Gora
Kranjska Gora (Slovene: [ˈkɾàːnska ˈɡɔ̀ːɾa]; German: Kronau) is a town in northwestern Slovenia, on the Sava Dolinka River in the Upper Carniola region, close to the Austrian and Italian borders. It is the seat of the Municipality of Kranjska Gora. The tripoint between Austria, Italy and Slovenia lies on the mountain of Dreiländereck, known as Peč in Slovenia.
Pepi Manaskov
Pepi Manaskov (Macedonian: Пепи Манасков; born 19 August 1964) is a former Macedonian handball player and current coach of Vardar Junior.

His sons Dejan and Martin are handball players.

In November 2011, he became the head coach of RK Kumanovo.

Handball Cup of North Macedonia
The Handball Cup of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Ракометен куп на Македонија), is an elimination handball tournament held annually. It is the second most important national title in Macedonian handball after the Macedonian First League of Handball. Currently, RK Vardar holds the record for most titles won with 17.
2022 Serbia Open – Singles
Andrey Rublev defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–2, 6–7(4–7), 6–0 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Serbia Open.

Matteo Berrettini was the reigning champion, but chose not to defend his title.

Thiago Monteiro (tennis)
Thiago Moura Monteiro (Brazilian Portuguese: [tʃiˈaɡu mõˈtejɾu]; born 31 May 1994) is a Brazilian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 61, achieved on 17 October 2022 and a doubles ranking of No. 144, achieved on 31 January 2022. He is currently the No. 3 singles player from Brazil.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Monteiro had a combined ranking of No. 2, attained on February 2012. His best junior singles result was the 2011 Copa Gerdau (Grade A) title in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Annick (ward)
Annick is one of the nine electoral wards of East Ayrshire Council. Created in 2007, the ward elects four councillors using the single transferable vote electoral system. Originally a three-member ward, Annick was increased in size following a boundary review and has elected four councillors since the 2017 East Ayrshire Council election.

Since the creation of the ward, Labour, the Scottish National Party (SNP) and the Conservatives have held seats with each topping the poll in at least one election.

East Ayrshire Council
East Ayrshire Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Shiorrachd Inbhir Àir an Ear) is the local authority for East Ayrshire, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It was created in 1996, and now comprises nine wards, each electing three of four local councillors through the single transferable vote system, creating a type of proportional representation. It is based at the Council Headquarters in Kilmarnock.
Crete Ladies Open
The Crete Ladies Open was a women's professional golf tournament on the LET Access Series, held between 2012 and 2014 in Crete, Greece.

The tournament was played at Crete Golf Club, the only 18-hole golf course on Crete, the largest and most populous of the Greek Islands and the second largest in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The inaugural tournament saw the first two days cancelled due to strong winds reaching 77 miles per hour. Austrian Christine Wolf took the title on the first play-off hole. Tonje Daffinrud secured promotion to the Ladies European Tour with her win in 2014.

Tonje Daffinrud
Tonje Frydenberg Daffinrud (born 19 September 1991) is a retired Norwegian professional golfer. She played on the Ladies European Tour between 2015 and 2021, and represented Norway at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
Natalie Kampen
Natalie Kampen (February 1, 1944 – August 12, 2012) was an American art historian and women's studies professor.

She was born Natalie Boymel on February 1, 1944 in Philadelphia to Pauline (née Friedman) and Jules Boymel. She received her bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Pennsylvania in 1965 and 1967, respectively. She went on to attend Brown University, receiving her PhD in 1976. Her thesis analyzed depictions of Roman working women in second and third century reliefs from Ostia Antica. Boymel taught at the University of Rhode Island from 1969 to 1988. She taught women's studies and art history at Barnard College.

Kampen was a patron of Hera Gallery, a feminist artist cooperative in Wakefield, Rhode Island.

She was honored as Woman of the Year by the Association for Professional and Academic Women in 1988.

She died in Wakefield, Rhode Island.

Ostia Antica
Ostia Antica (lit. 'Ancient Ostia') is the modern name given to the ancient Roman city of Ostia. It became the port city of Rome located at the mouth of the Tiber and is near modern Ostia, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Rome. Due to silting of the coastline from the river the site now lies 3 km (2 mi) from the sea. The name Ostia (the plural of ostium) derives from Latin os 'mouth'.

The city continued to be prosperous into late antiquity despite harbour deterioration. After its abandonment sand dunes covered the site and aided the city's preservation which is surpassed only by Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Ostia Antica is now a large archaeological site noted for the excellent preservation of its ancient buildings, magnificent frescoes and impressive mosaics. As in Pompeii, Ostia's remains provide details about Roman urbanism that are not accessible within the city of Rome itself.
Campaign for Science and Engineering
The Campaign for Science and Engineering (CaSE) is a non-profit organisation that is the UK's leading independent advocate for science and engineering.  It focuses on arguing for more research funding, promoting a high-tech and knowledge-based economy, highlighting the need for top-quality science and maths education at all levels, and scrutinising the mechanisms by which government uses science and evidence.

Knowledge economy
The knowledge economy, or knowledge-based economy, is an economic system in which the production of goods and services is primarily driven by knowledge-intensive activities that contribute to the advancement of technical and scientific innovation. The key element of value in this paradigm lies in the increased reliance on human capital and intellectual property as primary sources of innovative ideas, information, and practices. Organizations are called upon to leverage this "knowledge" in their production processes to stimulate and consolidate their business development. This approach is characterized by reduced dependence on physical inputs and natural resources. A knowledge-based economy is founded on the crucial role of intangible assets within organisations as an enabler of modern economic growth.
2024–25 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team represented Santa Clara University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos, led by ninth-year head coach Herb Sendek, played their home games at the Leavey Center as members of the West Coast Conference. The Broncos finished the season 21–13, 12–6 in WCC play to finish in fourth place. They were upset in the quarterfinals of the WCC tournament by Pepperdine. They received an at-large bid to the National Invitation Tournament as a No. 2 seed. There they defeated UC Riverside before losing to UAB in the second round.

2024–25 UAB Blazers men's basketball team
The 2024–25 UAB Blazers men's basketball team represented the University of Alabama at Birmingham during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team, led by fifth-year head coach Andy Kennedy, played their home games at the Bartow Arena in Birmingham, Alabama as second-year members of American Athletic Conference (AAC).
Muslim Writers Collective
Muslim Writers Collective (MWC) is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting storytelling in the Muslim American community. The organization holds monthly open mics across the country featuring spoken word, poetry, comedy, music, and other art forms.

Storytelling
Storytelling is the social and cultural activity of sharing stories, sometimes with improvisation, theatrics or embellishment. Every culture has its own narratives, which are shared as a means of entertainment, education, cultural preservation or instilling moral values (sometimes through morals). Crucial elements of stories and storytelling include plot, characters and narrative point of view. The term "storytelling" can refer specifically to oral storytelling but also broadly to techniques used in other media to unfold or disclose the narrative of a story.
Åsane Storsenter
Åsane Storsenter is a shopping centre in the suburb of Åsane in Bergen, Norway. 
It was established in 2007 when Arken, owned by Steen & Strøm, and Åsane Senter, owned by Nordea Liv, merged in 2007. In January 2012, it consisted of 138 shops. During 2016, the property was acquired by Olav Thon Eiendomsselskap.

Steen & Strøm
Steen & Strøm is a Scandinavian retail and real estate company that owns and operates 10 shopping centres in Norway, Sweden and Denmark.

It has been a member of the International Association of Department Stores from 1940 to 1992, with various CEOs acting as presidents of the Association over time.
US Yachts US 30
The US Yachts US 30 is an American sailboat that was designed by Doug Peterson  and Daryl Watson and first built in 1979.

The design is an unauthorized development of Peterson's International Offshore Rule Half Ton class Chaser 29 racer, using the same hull design, but with no royalties paid. The US 30 molds were later sold to Pearson Yachts and developed into the Triton 30. Sailboatdata notes of US Yachts that, "the sailboat division of Bayliner took the practice of reusing the tooling from defunct builders to a whole new level."

International Offshore Rule
The International Offshore Rule (IOR) was a measurement rule for racing sailboats. The IOR evolved from the Cruising Club of America (CCA) rule for racer/cruisers and the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) rule.
Carlos "Patato" Valdes
Carlos Valdés Galán (November 4, 1926 – December 4, 2007), better known as Patato, was a Cuban conga player. In 1954, he emigrated from La Habana to New York City where he continued his prolific career as a sideman for several jazz and Latin music ensembles, and occasionally as a bandleader. He contributed to the development of the tunable conga drum which revolutionized the use of the instrument in the US. His experimental descarga albums recorded for Latin Percussion are considered the counterpart to the commercial salsa boom of the 1970s. Tito Puente once called him "the greatest conguero alive today".

Sideman
A sideman is a professional musician who is hired to perform live with a solo artist, or with a group in which they are not a regular band member. The term is usually used to describe musicians that play with jazz or rock artists, whether solo or a group.

Sidemen and sidewomen are often well-versed in multiple styles of music, and can be hired at any level of the music industry, from playing in a cover band to backing up established artists on major tours.

While many artists can work as sidemen or session musicians, others will only fill one role. The generally accepted difference is that a sideman performs live while a session musician is hired to perform in a recording studio.
1991 Stockholm Open
The 1991 Stockholm Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 23rd edition of the Stockholm Open and was part of the ATP Championship Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It took place at the Stockholm Globe Arena in Stockholm, Sweden, from 21 October through 28 October 1991. Second-seed Boris Becker won the singles title, his second consecutive win at the event and his third overall after winning in 1990 and 1988..

The singles draw was headlined by Stefan Edberg. Other top seeds were Boris Becker, Jim Courier and Michael Stich.

Jim Courier
James Spencer Courier (born August 17, 1970) is an American former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 58 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 1992. Courier won 23 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including four majors – two at the French Open and two at the Australian Open – and was the youngest man in the Open Era to reach the final of all four singles majors, after reaching the final of the 1993 Wimbledon Championships aged 22 years, 319 days, a record that stood until Carlos Alcaraz achieved the same feat aged 22 years, 266 days at the 2026 Australian Open. He also won five Masters titles and was part of the victorious United States Davis Cup teams in 1992 and 1995.

Since 2005, Courier has worked as a tennis commentator, notably for Nine (and previously Seven), the host broadcaster of the Australian Open. He is also an analyst for Tennis Channel and Prime Video Sport.