hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salinity in Australia
Soil salinity and dryland salinity are two problems degrading the environment of Australia. Salinity is a concern in most states, but especially in the south-west of Western Australia.

The Eastern Mallee and the Western Mallee of Western Australia are some areas that are prone to salinity with little remedial action being undertaken to rectify the problem. Lands surrounding Lake Bryde-East Lake Bryde and Dumbleyung Lake have also been affected.

In the Murray River valley, irrigation has caused salinity problems. Land surrounding the town of Werrimull in the northwest of Victoria have been affected by salinity due to land clearing.

Landcare Australia
Landcare Australia is a community not-for-profit organisation that involves local groups of volunteers repairing the natural environment. Initially, projects focused on agricultural farmland. The idea was that farmers, conservationists, and scientists could work together to improve both farm quality and natural ecosystems.

The Landcare Australia organisation has grown and diversified since its small-scale origins in the 1980s.  The Landcare concept has grown to include groups working on town and city green areas, waterways, beaches and larger park areas.  For example, Landcare Australia now has Coastcare and "Junior Landcare" groups. These are unrelated to Caring for Country projects in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are involved.
Mozart Ice Piedmont
Mozart Ice Piedmont (70°0′S 71°0′W﻿ / ﻿70.000°S 71.000°W﻿ / -70.000; -71.000) is an ice piedmont, 60 nautical miles (110 km) long-running in a NW-SE direction and 15 nautical miles (28 km) wide in its widest part, on the west coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) in 1947, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1960. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), famous Austrian composer. Some landforms within this area are named in association with the Mozart Ice Piedmont such as Figaro Nunatak, along with a few other landforms.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Kosmos 1581
Kosmos 1581 (Russian: Космос 1581 meaning Cosmos 1581) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1984 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1581 was launched from Site 43/4 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 21:31 UTC on 3 July 1984. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1984-071A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 15095.

Blok 2BL
The Blok 2BL was a rocket stage, a member of Blok L family, used as an upper stage on some versions of the Molniya-M carrier rocket. It was used as a fourth stage to launch the Oko missile early warning defence spacecraft.
Robert Thorne Babbit
Robert Thorne Babbit (September 27, 1831 – January 9, 1901) was a merchant and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Queen's County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1866 to 1871.

He was born in Gagetown, New Brunswick, the son of Elkanah Babbit and Dorothy Creighton. He learned the trade of harness making before becoming a merchant. Babbit also worked for several years at railway construction. In 1854, he married Ella L. Currey. He resigned his seat in 1871 to become registrar of deeds for Queen's County. He served in the county militia, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. He also was county coroner and a school trustee.

Gagetown, New Brunswick
Gagetown is a former village in Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the village of Arcadia. It is on the west bank of the Saint John River and is the county's shire town.
East Farm (Head of the Harbor, New York)
East Farm, also known as the Archibald M. Brown Estate, is a national historic district located at Head of the Harbor in Suffolk County, New York.  The district encompasses an estate with seven contributing buildings and one contributing site.  The first buildings on the farm went up in 1689. The estate house was originally built in the 18th century about 1690 and as the Smith family farmhouse, then greatly enlarged by its architect-owner in 1910.  It is a wood framed, clapboarded structure with a wood shingle roof, and Colonial in style.  Also on the property are a contributing barn with shed, milk house, two cottages, and barn and garage complex.  The estate also retains an intact formal garden.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Head of the Harbor, New York
Head of the Harbor is a village in Suffolk County, on the North Shore of Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 1,472 at the time of the 2010 census.

The Village of Head of the Harbor is located entirely within the Town of Smithtown. Despite this, the Northern part of the village is part of the Three Village Central School District in the Town of Brookhaven. On the border with Stony Brook Village, Head of the Harbor hosts the Avalon Nature Preserve, a privately owned memorial park of 216 acres consisting of trails and landmarks. Due to proximity, common, shared landmark, and heavy forestation, the North is seen as an extension of Stony Brook itself. It's this part of the village where Robert Mercer lives, owing to Renaissance Technologies' headquarters in Three Village.
Bois d'Eraine massacre
49°27′44″N 2°34′14″E﻿ / ﻿49.46222°N 2.57056°E﻿ / 49.46222; 2.57056

The Bois d'Eraine massacre was a war crime carried out by the German Wehrmacht in June 1940 during the German invasion of France. On 11 June 1940, soldiers of the Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland executed around 74 prisoners belonging to the 4e Division d'Infanterie Coloniale of the French army near the town of Cressonsacq in the Oise Department. The massacre followed the killing of 150-500 captured French soldiers, mostly black tirailleurs from French West Africa, in the towns of Angivilliers, Erquinvilliers and Lieuvilliers between 9 and 11 June. It is believed that between 1,500 and 3,000 soldiers from the French colonies were killed in war crimes carried out by the Wehrmacht in 1940.

Oise
Oise (/wɑːz/ WAHZ; French: [waz] ⓘ; Picard: Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called Oisiens (French: [wazjɛ̃]) or Isariens, after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,419 in 2019.
Robby Darwis
Robby Darwis (born 30 October 1964) is an Indonesian former professional football player and current coach at Persitara North Jakarta. He is formerly the technical director for PSKC Cimahi, and one of Persib Bandung stars of his generation.

Darwis's position was a defender. In the first season of Liga Indonesia, as captain he brought Persib to championship. Darwis has also played in Malaysia Super League, at Kelantan FA. For Indonesia national football team, he played for 10 years (1987–1997), with 53 caps and 6 goals.

Persikab Bandung
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Kabupaten Bandung or Persikab is an Indonesian football club based in Bandung Regency, West Java. They compete in the Liga 4. Their nickname is "Dalem Bandung Warriors" (Indonesian: Laskar Dalem Bandung).
Fragile masculinity
Fragile masculinity is a concept describing the potential anxiety among males who feel they do not meet cultural standards of masculinity. Evidence suggests that this concept is necessary to understand their attitudes and behaviors. Research has shown that this anxiety can manifest in various ways, including aggressive behavior, resistance to changing gender norms, and difficulty in expressing vulnerability.

Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying (cyberharassment or online bullying/harassment) is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Since the 2000s, it has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents, due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online/internet harassment and trolling. In 2015, according to cyberbullying statistics from the i-Safe Foundation, over half of adolescents and teens had been bullied online, and about the same number had engaged in cyberbullying. Both the bully and the victim are negatively affected, and the intensity, duration, and frequency of bullying are three aspects that increase the negative effects on both of them.
She Wolves
She Wolves is a lost 1925 American silent drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and written by Dorothy Yost. It is based on the 1924 play The Man in Evening Clothes by André Picard and Yves Mirande. The film stars Alma Rubens, Jack Mulhall, Bertram Grassby, Harry Myers, Judy King, and Fred Walton. The film was released on April 26, 1925, by Fox Film Corporation.

Maurice Elvey
Maurice Elvey (11 November 1887 – 28 August 1967) was one of the most prolific film directors in British history. He directed nearly 200 films between 1913 and 1957. During the silent film era he directed as many as twenty films per year. He also produced more than fifty films – his own as well as films directed by others.
Klaus Huber
Klaus Huber (30 November 1924 – 2 October 2017) was a Swiss composer and academic based in Basel and Freiburg. Among his students were Brian Ferneyhough, Michael Jarrell, Younghi Pagh-Paan, Toshio Hosokawa, Wolfgang Rihm, and Kaija Saariaho. He received the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 2009, among other awards.

Heinrich Böll
Heinrich Theodor Böll (/bɜːrl/; German: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈteːodoːɐ̯ ˈbœl] ⓘ; 21 December 1917 – 16 July 1985) was a German writer. Considered one of Germany's foremost post–World War II writers, Böll received the Georg Büchner Prize (1967) and the Nobel Prize for Literature (1972).
Creso (Sacchini)
Creso ('Croesus') is an opera seria in 3 acts with music by Antonio Sacchini, set to an Italian libretto by Gioacchino Pizzi after Book I of the Histories by Herodotos. The opera was first performed on 4 November 1765 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples. The libretto was a popular one that had been first set by Niccolò Jommelli (Rome, 1757).

Creso was the most widely performed of Sacchini's opera serias, and much of the music displays the transition that the aria form of opera seria was undergoing. The standard aria dal segno form is interlaced with examples of abbreviated rondo form (ABAB) and through-composed ternary arias. Some of the music suggests themes from the works of the widely influential Tommaso Traetta.

Niccolò Jommelli
Niccolò Jommelli (Italian: [nikkoˈlɔ jomˈmɛlli]; 10 September 1714 – 25 August 1774) was an Italian composer of the Neapolitan School. Along with other composers mainly in the Holy Roman Empire and France, he was responsible for certain operatic reforms including reducing ornateness of style and the primacy of star singers somewhat.
Stomopteryx schizogynae
Stomopteryx schizogynae is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found on the Canary Islands.

The wingspan is 14–16 mm. The forewings are steely whitish, suffused with bluish grey to two thirds from the base. The hindwings are tawny grey.

The larvae have been recorded feeding within a gall on the stem of Schizogyne sericea.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Antoni Wilhelm Radziwiłł
Prince Antoni Wilhelm Radziwiłł (Polish: Fryderyk Wilhelm Ferdynand Antoni Radziwiłł; 31 March 1833 – 16 December 1904) was a member of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility and a General of the Artillery in the Prussian Army. He was the nephew of Princess Elisa Radziwiłł, the first love of their kinsman King William I of Prussia, who would later become the first German Emperor.

German Emperor
The German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈkaɪzɐ] ⓘ) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire. A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the abdication of Wilhelm II was announced on 9 November 1918. The Holy Roman Emperor is sometimes also called "German Emperor" when the historical context is clear, as derived from the Holy Roman Empire's official name of "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" from 1512.

Following the revolution of 1918, the head of state was the president of the Reich (German: Reichspräsident), beginning with Friedrich Ebert.
1760 Sandra
1760 Sandra, provisional designation 1950 GB, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 April 1950, by South African astronomer Ernest Johnson at Union Observatory in Johannesburg, and named after his granddaughter Sandra.

Union Observatory
Union Observatory, also known as Transvaal Observatory, Republic Observatory and Johannesburg Observatory (078), is a defunct astronomical observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa that operated from 1903 to 1971. It is located on Observatory Ridge, the city's highest point at 1,808 metres altitude in the suburb Observatory.

The observatory and its former annex, the § Leiden Southern Station, are known for the discovery of 6,000 double stars and for Proxima Centauri, made by astronomer Robert Innes. At the observatory, 578 identifications of minor planet were made, a record number at the time. The Minor Planet Center credits the observatory as the site where 147 minor planets were discovered by astronomers Harry Wood, Cyril Jackson, Hendrik van Gent, Ernest Johnson, Ejnar Hertzsprung, Jacobus Bruwer and Joseph Churms (see § List of discovered minor planets).
Jennifer Mundel
Jennifer Mundel (born 20 January 1962) is a former professional tennis player from South Africa. She reached the quarterfinals of the singles event at the 1983 Wimbledon championships after victories against seeded players Sylvia Hanika and Hana Mandlíková. Her only professional singles title came at the 1983 Bakersfield Open which was part of the Ginny Circuit. She was a doubles finalist at the 1982 Hong Kong Open, the 1984 Central Fidelity Banks International, and the 1985 Virginia Slims of Indianapolis.

1983 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Defending champion Martina Navratilova defeated Andrea Jaeger in the final, 6–0, 6–3 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1983 Wimbledon Championships. It was her fourth Wimbledon singles title and sixth major singles title overall. Navratilova did not lose a set during the tournament.

Billie Jean King became the oldest major semifinalist in the Open Era at 39 years, 7 months and 9 days old. Chris Evert Lloyd's loss in the third round ended her streak of 34 consecutive major semifinals, dating back to her major debut at the 1971 US Open, and marked her career first loss at a major before the semifinals.
Sifa
Sifa is a type of deadman's control system used on German-influenced European railways.  Although deadman's pedals are commonly used on railways worldwide, Sifa systems are specifically those codified by German Industrial Norms VDE 0119-207-5.

In Switzerland the equivalent system is called 'safety control' (Sicherheitssteuerung).

VDE e.V.
The VDE e. V. (German: Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik) is a German technical-scientific association. VDE is best known for creating and maintaining standards in the field of electric safety and has a strong influence on the DIN (German Institute for Standardization).
Betton Strange
Betton Strange is a hamlet in the English county of Shropshire. It is only 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Shrewsbury town centre, situated in countryside just beyond the Shrewsbury bypass (the A5) and near the A458.

It is located in the civil parish of Berrington, a village 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south. The hamlet lies at an elevation of between 65 metres (213 ft) and 85 metres (279 ft). Further west is the large stone quarry at Sharpstone Hill.

Regional Cycle Route 32/33 runs through, on its way from Shrewsbury to Condover. The Shrewsbury to Bridgnorth railway line once ran to the east of the hamlet, but is now dismantled. The postcode is SY5.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Bianka Lamade
Bianka Lamade  (born 30 August 1982) is a former tennis player from Germany.

She turned professional in January 2000 at the age of 17. After just one year of playing on the tour, she had gone up to No. 127 in the world. As the world No. 534 in her main-draw debut, she upset world No. 26 Sabine Appelmans. In 2001, she won her first and only WTA Tour title at the Tashkent Open, where she defeated Seda Noorlander in the final. Her ranking rose to No. 59 with these results, which is her career-high ranking. She also reached two doubles finals, at 's-Hertogenbosch in 2002 and Luxembourg in 2001 with Magdalena Maleeva and Patty Schnyder.

She was a member of the German Fed Cup team in both 2001 and 2002. She played six matches in these ties, winning only one against Alicia Molik of Australia.

Magdalena Maleeva
Magdalena Georgieva Maleeva (Bulgarian: Магдалена Георгиева Малеева, pronounced [mɐɡdɐˈlɛnɐ mɐˈlɛɛvɐ]; born 1 April 1975) is a Bulgarian former professional tennis player. Her best WTA singles ranking was world No. 4. She played on the WTA Tour competing in singles and doubles, from April 1989 to October 2005 and has won ten career singles titles.
Lees Creek, Ohio
Lees Creek, also known as Centerville, is an unincorporated community in central Wayne Township, Clinton County, Ohio, United States. It lies at the intersection of State Route 729 with Cox Road, 6 miles (9½ km) south of Sabina and 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Wilmington, the county seat of Clinton County.  It lies between the headwaters of the Middle Fork of Lees Creek, to the southeast, and the Anderson Fork of Caesar Creek.  it had a post office, with the ZIP code 45138. The Post Office closed in 2012 and the town, including East Clinton High School, now carries a Sabina mailing address.

Lees Creek is home to East Clinton Middle School and East Clinton High School.

Wilmington, Ohio
Wilmington is a city in Clinton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 12,664 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Wilmington micropolitan area, which includes all of Clinton County and is part of the greater Cincinnati–Wilmington–Maysville combined statistical area.

Home to Wilmington College, founded in 1870 by the Society of Friends, the city and the surrounding area include more than one dozen Quaker meeting houses. The city features a weather forecast office of the National Weather Service, which serves all of Southwestern Ohio and portions of Kentucky and Indiana.
TechBoston Academy
Founded in 2002, TechBoston Academy (TBA) is a pilot school located in Dorchester, Massachusetts, United States that offers a college preparatory curriculum to students in grades 6–12.  TBA immerses its 1,050 students to a wide span of technological resources such as laptops, Smartboards, PDAs, digital cameras, Google Apps for Education, and podcasting.  TBA offers advanced courses that utilize this technology and cover topics such as digital art, Adobe graphic design applications, computer programming, and E-commerce.

Smart Technologies
Smart Technologies (styled as SMART Technologies) is a Canadian company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and wholly owned by Foxconn. Founded in 1987, SMART is best known as the developer of interactive whiteboards branded as the "Smart Board" (styled as SMART Board) widely used in education and business.
Cyril Thomas (rugby union)
Cyril Rhys Thomas (27 March 1902 – 5 December 1977) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

Thomas hailed from Oldcastle, Bridgend, and was a wing three–quarter. He began playing regularly in the first XV for Bridgend in 1923, within a season of having joined the reserves. After ascending to the Bridgend captaincy, Thomas got his opportunity to play international rugby in 1925, as a left winger for two Five Nations fixtures. He won his selection on the back of a season in which he topped the try scoring tally in Welsh first–class rugby.

A policeman, Thomas was a constable with Glamorgan Police during his career.

Oldcastle, Bridgend
Oldcastle (Welsh: Hengastell) is an area and electoral ward of the town of Bridgend, Wales, to the south of the town centre. The ward elects councillors to Bridgend Town Council and Bridgend County Borough Council.
E.Leclerc
E.Leclerc (informally simply Leclerc, French pronunciation: [ləklɛʁ]) is a French retailers' cooperative and hypermarket chain, headquartered in Ivry-sur-Seine. 
E.Leclerc was established on 1 January 1948 by Édouard Leclerc in Brittany. E.Leclerc currently has more than 720 locations in France and 85 stores outside of the country, as of 2019. The chain enables semi-independent stores to operate under the Leclerc brand.

Its own brand ranges come under the Marque Repère and Eco+ banners, as well as a mobile virtual network operator called Réglo Mobile which uses the mobile network of SFR. Some larger hypermarkets have a separate entertainment/multimedia section, under the name of Espace Culturel.
E.Leclerc operates numerous stores and services around France, some near and in cities and towns while most of them are located just outside or in the hypermarkets and shopping centres.

Mobile virtual network operator
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator (MNO) to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE).