hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chevalier Jackson
Chevalier Quixote Jackson (November 4, 1865 – August 16, 1958) was an American pioneer in laryngology. He is sometimes known as the "father of endoscopy", although Philipp Bozzini (1773–1809) is also often given this sobriquet. Chevalier Q. Jackson extracted over 2000 swallowed foreign bodies from patients. The collection is currently on display at the Mütter Museum in Philadelphia.

Philipp Bozzini
Philipp Bozzini (May 25, 1773 – April 4, 1809) was born in Mainz, Germany. On June 12, 1797, he was awarded the degree of doctor of medicine. From 1804 onwards, Bozzini devoted himself virtually completely to develop his instrument, Lichtleiter or "Light Conductor", a primitive endoscope to allow for inspecting the ear, urethra, rectum, female bladder, cervix, mouth, nasal cavity, or wounds. Philipp Bozzini, using the modest means available at the beginning of the 19th century, was able to show to the medical profession the way to endoscopy. With his instrument and ideas, he was three quarters of a century ahead of the technical and scientific possibilities of his time. Historians agree that this instrument using artificial light and various mirrors and specula was the beginning of a large family of endoscopes.
Lord Lieutenant of Kildare
This is a list of people who have served as Lord-Lieutenant of Kildare.

There were lieutenants of counties in Ireland until the reign of James II, when they were renamed governors. The office of Lord Lieutenant was recreated on 23 August 1831. The main function of the office was to raise, train and manage the local militia bodies, in line with the Militia (Ireland) Act 1802. Beyond that, the Lords Lieutenant had a figurehead function representing the monarch at the local level.

Lord-lieutenant
A lord-lieutenant (UK: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ lef-TEN-ənt) is the British monarch's personal representative in each lieutenancy area of the United Kingdom. Historically, each lieutenant was responsible for organising the county's militia. In 1871, the lieutenant's responsibility over the local militia was removed. However, it was not until 1921 that they formally lost the right to call upon able-bodied men to fight when needed.

Lord-lieutenant is now an honorary titular position usually awarded to a notable person in the county, and despite the title of the office, may be either male or female, peer or not.
Vilko Ukmar
Vilko Ukmar (10 February 1905, in Postojna – 24 October 1991, in Ljubljana) was a Slovenian composer.

He studied music at the Ljubljana Music Conservatorium, the Academy of Music in Zagreb and Vienna Conservatorium. From 1932 to 1939, he worked as music critic and publisher. Between 1939 and 1945, he served as the director of Ljubljana Opera House. From 1948 to 1974, he taught at the Academy of Music in Ljubljana, and from year 1962 to 1979, he also taught at the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana.

In year 1967 he received the Prešeren Award for his ballet composition Godec (Musician). He was also honored with the Prešeren Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1985. His music initially drew on romantic music, but later he made transition to Expressionist music and twelve-tone technique.

His son, Kristijan Ukmar, is conductor and music teacher.

Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna
The Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna (Musik und Kunst Privatuniversität der Stadt Wien; MUK) in Vienna, Austria, is a university of music and the arts. It was previously (2005−2015) named  Konservatorium Wien Privatuniversität (KONSuni, Konservatorium Wien University), and before that Konservatorium Wien (Conservatory of Vienna). It was established in 1938 as Musikschule der Stadt Wien. The school attained university status on 15 June 2005, as a private institution. The university also houses a location of the Viennese café Vollpension.
Rule of Law (horse)
Rule of Law (foaled 6 March 2001), is a retired World Champion Thoroughbred racehorse and active sire who was bred in the United States but trained in Britain. In a career which lasted from June 2003 until September 2004, he ran nine times and won four races. He recorded his most important victory when winning the Classic St. Leger Stakes on his final racecourse appearance. He had previously finished second in the 2004 Epsom Derby.

2004 Epsom Derby
The 2004 Epsom Derby was a horse race that took place at Epsom Downs on Saturday 5 June 2004. It was the 225th running of the Derby, won by the pre-race joint favourite North Light. The winner was ridden by Kieren Fallon and trained by Sir Michael Stoute. The other joint favourite Snow Ridge finished seventh.
Godalsa
Godalsa or Godal Temple (Korean: 고달사; Hanja: 高達寺) is an old temple located in Yeoju County, Gyeonggi Province of South Korea. The site of the temple is registered as historic spot no. 382.

The temple was built in 764 under the reign of 35th king of Unified Silla, Gyeongdeok of Silla. In early years of Goryeo, the temple was under the protection of the powerful, including the absolute king, Gwangjong of Goryeo. Later, however, the temple was left behind, unmentioned in contemporary records. It is presumed that the temple controlled almost the whole area of the village around 10th century.

The site is significantly important, since three or more national treasures reside here. It is currently under restoration.

Gyeongdeok of Silla
Gyeongdeok (景德; 723~724–765) was the 35th ruler of Silla and son of King Seongdeok (reigned 702–737). He succeeded his elder brother, King Hyoseong, the 34th ruler of Silla. His reign is considered a golden age in Unified Silla's history, particularly for Buddhist art and architecture. He is noted as an avid patron of Buddhism and an influential political and religious individual. King Gyeongdeok also made attempts to centralize the country through reorganizing government and standardizing naming practices. With his mother as regent, Gyeongdeok's son, King Hyegong, succeeded him after his death.
Matt Back
Mathew Back (born 5 April 1970) is a Welsh former rugby union international.

Back was a fullback, born in Pontypridd, who was capped four times for Wales, all in the 1995 Five Nations Championship. He came on as a substitute in the first two matches and started as fullback for the remaining matches, with Tony Clement out with concussion. At club level, Back competed first for his hometown club Pontypridd, then played with Bridgend, Swansea, Bristol and Aberavon. He is a teacher by profession.

Swansea RFC
Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team which plays in the Super Rygbi Cymru. The club play at St Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground in Swansea and are also known as The Whites, in reference to their home kit colours.
Castro Valnera
Castro Valnera (Spanish) or Castru Valnera (Cantabrian) is a peak located in the central area of the Cantabrian Mountains, in the border between the province of Burgos and Cantabria, northern Spain. It is around it that the whole Pas valley revolves, and also the source of the Miera River, between the Portillo de Lunada and Estacas de Trueba passes.

Castru in Cantabrian refers to an abrupt rocky peak.

Province of Burgos
The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Burgos is the province of Spain that has borders with most provinces. Its capital is the city of Burgos.

The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.
Incisivosaurus
Incisivosaurus ("incisor lizard") is a genus of small, probably herbivorous theropod dinosaurs from the early Cretaceous Period of what is now the People's Republic of China. The first specimen to be described (by Xu et al. in 2002), IVPP V13326, is a skull that was collected from the lowermost levels (the fluvial Lujiatun beds) of the Yixian Formation (dating to the Barremian stage about 126 million years ago) in the Sihetun area, near Beipiao City, in western Liaoning Province. The most significant, and highly unusual, characteristic of this dinosaur is its apparent adaptation to an herbivorous or omnivorous lifestyle. It was named for its prominent, rodent-like front teeth, which show wear patterns commonly found in plant-eating dinosaurs. The specific name gauthieri honors Dr. Jacques Gauthier, a pioneer of the phylogenetic method of classification.

Beipiao
Beipiao (Chinese: 北票; pinyin: Běipiào; Wade–Giles: Pei3-p'iao4) is a city in Chaoyang prefecture, Liaoning province, in Northeast China. It has a population of 202,807. The main industry in the area is coal mining. With vertical shafts of almost 1000m, these are some of the deepest coal mines in China. The coal produced is used for coking. Daheishan National Forest Park is located in the northwestern part of Beipiao city.

The dinosaur Beipiaosaurus was named after the city where its fossils were found nearby.
Chalce Montes
Chalce Montes is a mountain range on the planet Mars. The name refers to the Martian albedo feature Chalce, that was named after the Greek island Chalki. It has a diameter of 95 kilometres (59 mi); its elevation is 2,300 metres (7,500 ft).

Halki (Greece)
Halki (Greek: Χάλκη [ˈxalki]; alternatively Chalce or Chalki) is a Greek island and municipality in the Dodecanese archipelago in the Aegean Sea, some 9 km (6 mi) west of Rhodes. It has an area of 28 km2 (11 sq mi). It is part of the Rhodes regional unit. It has a permanent population of 330 (increased during the summer months), concentrated in the only village of Emporio. The 2021 census showed a population of 475 inhabitants. The community is divided in two parts, Chorio (Χωριό, also spelled Horio, "Village") and Emporio (Εμποριό, "Market").
Graham White (priest)
Graham White, OBE, MA (1884 - 8 May 1945) was Archdeacon of Singapore  from 1931 until 1945.

White was educated at Winchester and University College, Oxford;  and ordained in 1908. He held curacies in South Shields, Staindrop and West Hartlepool after which he was a Chaplain to the Forces during the First World War. He was Vicar of Dawdon from 1920 to 1925 when he went to be the Chaplain at Ipoh.

He died on 8 May 1945. His grave is located at the side of St. Andrew's Cathedral. (Near Padang)

Graham White Drive, which is located off Jalan Toa Payoh near the Pan Island Expressway within St. Andrew's Village, is named after him.

Pan Island Expressway
The Pan Island Expressway (Abbreviated as: PIE) is the oldest and longest expressway in Singapore. It is also Singapore's longest road. The expressway runs from the East Coast Parkway near Changi Airport in the east to Tuas in the west and has a total length of 42.8 kilometres (26.6 miles).

Initially conceived by the Public Works Department in the 1960s as part of road expansions for handling rising traffic volumes, work on the PIE commenced in 1964. The first section, Jalan Toa Payoh, was completed by 1969. Construction of the other segments of the expressway were carried out in the 1970s. The initial expressway, from Jalan Boon Lay to the East Coast Parkway, was completed in June 1982. The PIE was then realigned and extended further westward to Tuas between 1991 and 1993. By the 1990s, the expressway was able to handle large amounts of traffic. The expressway and the interchanges along its route were expanded in the 1990s and 2000s to alleviate traffic congestion.
Renta (surname)
Renta or de la Renta is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Luis Álvarez Renta

Beatriz Renta

Oscar de la Renta

Salina de la Renta

José Ortiz de la Renta

Annette de la Renta

Giraldo González de la Renta

José Casimiro Ortíz de la Renta

Francisco Ortíz de la Renta

Oscar de la Renta
Óscar Arístides de la Renta y Fiallo (22 July 1932 – 20 October 2014), known professionally as Óscar de la Renta, was a Dominican fashion designer. Born in Santo Domingo, he was trained by Cristóbal Balenciaga and Antonio del Castillo. De la Renta became internationally known in the 1960s as one of the couturiers who dressed Jacqueline Kennedy. He worked for Lanvin and Balmain. His eponymous fashion house has boutiques around the world, and is headquartered on Madison Avenue in Manhattan.
Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2026)
The following is a timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present) in 2026.

This timeline is a dynamic and fluid list, and as such may never satisfy criteria of completeness. Moreover, some events may only be fully understood and/or discovered in retrospect.

Abu Lulu
Al-Fateh Abdullah Idris, better known by his nom-de-guerre Abu Lulu, and referred to as the Butcher of El Fasher, is a Sudanese military officer in the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and convicted war criminal who became infamous for posting videos of himself executing civilians during the El Fasher massacre, and other massacres during the Sudanese civil war. He boasted of killing more than 2,000 people in El Fasher, and on 30 October 2025, he was arrested by the RSF. The RSF have since publicly distanced themselves from him, stating Abu Lulu was a leader of an allied militia. However, his arrest has been described as a publicity stunt by the RSF to defuse international ire to the massacre in El Fasher and other RSF atrocities.
MAMA Award for Best New Artist
The MAMA Award for Best New Male / Female Artist (Korean: 남자 신인상 / 여자 신인상) is an award presented by CJ E&M Pictures (Mnet) at the annual MAMA Awards. Mnet is also the one who chooses which group or individual will win this category as well as other categories in MAMA. Since 2008, nominees for this category include both groups and soloists.

The accolade was first awarded at the 1st Mnet Asian Music Awards ceremony held in 1999; winners Lee Jung-hyun and Team received the titles "Best New Solo Artist" and "Best New Group" for their songs "Come" and "Farewell", respectively. The award is given in honor for new artist(s) with the most achievements in the music industry during the course of the year.

Mnet (TV channel)
Music Network (acronym of the Mnet) is a South Korean pay television music channel owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division.

The CJ E&M Center Studio located in Sangam-dong, Mapo District, Seoul is the headquarters, broadcast and recording centre of many Mnet programs with a studio audience, namely the live weekly music show M Countdown. It is also the venue for live performances in survival shows such as Superstar K, Show Me The Money series, Produce 101 series, Comeback War series, Planet series and Street Dance series. Other shows are filmed in CJ E&M Studio in Ilsan and CJ E&M Contents World in Paju.
Pavlovsk railway station
Pavlovsk railway station (Russian: станция Павловск) is a railway station located in Pavlovsk, Pushkinsky District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is 26 km down-line from Vitebsky railway station and is situated between Tsarskoye Selo and Antropshino on the Saint Petersburg — Vitebsk line. Also it combines route out of Novolisino and Tosno on the Saint Petersburg — Moscow line. The station hosts suburban trains from Saint-Petersburg, Novolisino, Posyolok, Oredezh, Luga and Veliky Novgorod. Electric trains ED4M, ER2T, DT1 and railbus RA2 make a passenger trips from Pavlovsk. Long-distance trains have not stop at Pavlovsk station. The station is approximately 1,4 km from the town center. It has official status as an object of Russian cultural heritage.

Pushkinsky District, Saint Petersburg
Pushkinsky District (Russian: Пу́шкинский райо́н) is a district of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 135,973; up from 101,655 recorded in the 2002 Census.
Matins of Bruges
The Matins of Bruges (Dutch: Brugse Metten) was the nocturnal massacre of the French garrison in Bruges and their Leliaards supporters, a political faction in favour of French rule, on 18 May 1302 by the members of the local Flemish militia. It has been named "Matins" (after a monastic liturgy) in analogy to the Sicilian Vespers of 1282. The revolt led to the Battle of the Golden Spurs, which saw the Flemish militia defeat French troops on 11 July 1302.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
Paris's 21st constituency (1958–1986)
Paris's 21st constituency was one of the French National Assembly constituencies for the city of Paris in the period 1958 to 1986.: 9382  When it was created it was one of the 55 constituencies in the Seine department (31 for the city of Paris, 24 for its banlieues); from 1968 it was part of the Paris department.

It was represented by Henri Karcher, Bernard Lepeu, Paul Stehlin, and Gilbert Gantier.

The constituency was abolished for the 1986 election, which used proportional representation. The 1986 redistricting of French legislative constituencies subsequently created 21 new constituencies of Paris, however with different boundaries. The 1988–2012 21st constituency is on the East of the city.

Banlieue
In France, a banlieue (UK: /bɒnˈljuː/; French: [bɑ̃ljø] ⓘ) is a suburb of a large city, or all its suburbs taken collectively. Banlieues are divided into autonomous administrative entities and do not constitute part of the city proper. For instance, 80 percent of the inhabitants of the Paris metropolitan area live outside the city of Paris.

Beginning in the 1970s, the term banlieue has taken on a particular connotation, becoming a popular word for economically-deprived suburbs featuring low-income housing projects (HLMs) that are home to large immigrant populations. People of foreign descent reside in what are often called poverty traps. As of 2025, in France, approximately 1,500 suburbs are home to more than 5 million people.
Martin Zweig
Martin Edward Zweig (July 2, 1942 – February 18, 2013) was an American stock investor, investment adviser, and financial analyst.

According to Forbes magazine, he was renowned for his "eccentric and lavish lifestyle" and his residence atop The Pierre on Fifth avenue in Manhattan, which was the most expensive residence in the United States.  It was listed on the New York City real estate market in 2004 for $70 million and in March 2013 for $125 million.  His particular investing methodology was based on selecting growth stocks that also have certain value characteristics, through a system that uses both fundamental analysis and market timing.  He died in 2013 at the age of 70.

Growth stock
In finance, a growth stock is a stock of a company that generates substantial and sustainable positive cash flow and whose revenues and earnings are expected to increase at a faster rate than the average company within the same industry. A growth company typically has some sort of competitive advantage (a new product, a breakthrough patent, overseas expansion) that allows it to fend off competitors. Growth stocks usually pay smaller dividends, as the companies typically reinvest most retained earnings in capital-intensive projects.
Großweier
Großweier is an urban subdivision (Stadtteil) of the major county town (Große Kreisstadt) of Achern in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The population of Großweier is approximately 1,500 inhabitants.  Großweier was an autonomous rural municipality since the High Middle Ages.  In 1973, Großweier was incorporated as an urban subdivision of Achern in the Ortenaukreis district.

Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden (German pronunciation: [ˈbaːdn̩ ˈbaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France, and forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) north-east of Strasbourg, France.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous spas and architecture that exemplifies the popularity of spa towns in Europe in the 18th through 20th centuries.
Granada hare
The Granada hare (Lepus granatensis), also known as the Iberian hare (Spanish: liebre Ibérica), is a species of hare that is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and the island of Mallorca. A small species compared to other European hares, it has long been hunted as an important game species.

Game (hunting)
Game or quarry are wild animals which are hunted for animal products (primarily meat), for recreation ("sporting"), or for trophies. The species of animals hunted as game varies in different parts of the world and by different local jurisdictions, though most are terrestrial mammals and birds. Fish caught non-commercially (recreational fishing) are also referred to as game fish.
Over the Top (Cozy Powell album)
Over the Top is an album by British rock drummer Cozy Powell. It was Powell's first solo album, and it featured many well-known musicians playing alongside him.

Although the album initially did not chart, It reached No. 34 on the UK Albums Chart in January 1980. "Theme One" was released as a single and reached No. 62.

Bernie Marsden
Bernard John Marsden (7 May 1951 – 24 August 2023) was an English rock and blues guitarist. He is primarily known for his work with Whitesnake, having written or co-written with David Coverdale many of the group's hit songs, such as "Fool for Your Loving", "Walking in the Shadow of the Blues", "Ready an' Willing", "Lovehunter", "Trouble",  and "Here I Go Again".
Zasulauks Station
Zasulauks Station is a railway station serving the neighbourhood of Zasulauks in the district of Kurzeme in Riga, Latvia. The station is located on the Torņakalns – Tukums II Railway which connects Riga with Tukums.

Tukums
Tukums (pronunciationⓘ; German: Tuckum; Livonian: Tukāmō) is a town in Latvia which serves as the administrative center of Tukums Municipality. It is located in the eastern part of the historical region of Courland, and with more than 16,000 inhabitants Tukums is the 13th largest settlement in Latvia. It is also an important railroad junction, connecting the town with Riga, Jelgava and Ventspils. It has two railway stations — Tukums I and Tukums II.
Channa auroflammea
Channa auroflammea is a species of snakehead, a fish of the family Channidae. Its range includes Mekong River. It was previously lumped with C. marulius, C. cf. marulius, or C. aff. marulius, but can be distinguished within the group by colour pattern, other morphological characteristics, and genetic information.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.