hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Narok District
Narok District was an administrative district in Kenya. The District, located in the Rift Valley Province, and had a population of 365,750. Its capital town was Narok.

Along with Kisii District, Narok District had been identified as having the highest level of practice of female genital mutilation in the country, despite the practice being outlawed in 2001.

Narok was created prior to independence by the colonial government from the Maasai Region. In 1994, Trans Mara District was split from Narok District. In 2013, Trans Mara was reconstituted to form Narok County.

Narok
Narok (sometimes referred to as Enkare Narok) is a town west of Nairobi that supports Kenya's economy in south-west of the country, along the Great Rift Valley. Narok is the county capital of the Narok County and stands as the major centre of commerce in the county. Narok has a population of around 117, 607 people according to 2019 Census, mostly Maasai. As at 2025, this town has been undergoing quite a significant growth and development and increase in population as well. The elevation of Narok is 1827 metres (5,997 feet) in altitude.

Narok Town is the last major town when travelling by road from Nairobi to Maasai Mara National Park and Keekorok Lodge. Narok Town stands as a centre for services, business, and finance. For decades, Narok's economy has benefited from tourism, agriculture, livestock keeping and mining. The 30,000-capacity William Ole Ntimama Stadium, a football stadium, is located in Narok Town.
Tarte Tatin
The tarte Tatin (French pronunciation: [taʁt tatɛ̃]) is a pastry in which the fruit (usually apples) is caramelized in butter and sugar before the tart is baked. Named after the Tatin sisters who invented it and served it in their hotel as its signature dish, it originated in France but has spread to other countries over time.

Caramelization
Caramelization (or caramelisation) is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting butter-like flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (C125H188O80). As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl (known for its intense butter-like taste) are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor.

Like the Maillard reaction, caramelization is a type of non-enzymatic browning. Unlike the Maillard reaction, caramelization is  pyrolytic, as opposed to being a reaction with amino acids.

When caramelization involves the disaccharide sucrose, it is broken down into the monosaccharides fructose and glucose.
United States Oil Fund
The United States Oil Fund is an exchange-traded fund (ETF) that attempts to track the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Light Sweet Crude Oil. It is distinguished from an exchange-traded note (ETN) since it represents an ownership claim on underlying securities that the fund has packaged. USO invests in oil futures contracts that are traded on regulated futures exchanges.

West Texas Intermediate
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) is a grade or mix of crude oil; the term is also used to refer to the spot price, the futures price, or assessed price for that oil. In colloquial usage, WTI usually refers to the WTI Crude Oil futures contract traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). The WTI oil grade is also known as Texas light sweet. Oil produced from any location can be considered WTI if the oil meets the required qualifications. Spot and futures prices of WTI are used as a benchmark in oil pricing. This grade is described as light crude oil because of its low density and sweet because of its low sulfur content.

The price of WTI is often included in news reports on oil prices, alongside the price of Brent crude from the North Sea. Other important oil markers include the Dubai crude, Oman crude, Urals oil, and the OPEC reference basket. WTI is lighter and sweeter, containing less sulfur than Brent, and considerably lighter and sweeter than Dubai or Oman.
1928 German Ice Hockey Championship
The 1928 German Ice Hockey Championship was the 12th season of the German Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Germany. Berliner Schlittschuhclub won the championship by defeating SC Riessersee in the final.

German Ice Hockey Championship
The German Ice Hockey Championship was a former ice hockey competition played in Germany between 1912 and 1948. During its earliest seasons Berliner Schlittschuhclub emerged as one of the strongest teams, winning eighteen titles between 1912 and 1944.  Following the partition of Germany it was replaced by the  Oberliga FDR in West Germany and the DDR-Oberliga in East Germany.
Muhyadheen mala
Muhyadheen Mala is an ode of praise for the Muhyadheen Abdul Khadir Al Gilani composed by the poet Khazi Muhammad of Kozhikode in the 17th century. Kerala Muslims celebrated its fourth century completion under cultural department last year.

Al-Gilani succeeded the spiritual chain of Junayd Baghdadi. His contribution to thought in the Muslim world earned him the title Muhiyuddin (lit. "The reviver of the faith"), as he along with his students and associates laid the groundwork for the society which later produced stalwarts like Nur ad-Din and Saladin. His Sufi order named after him is generally thought to be one of the most popular Sufi orders of the Islamic world.[4]

Junayd of Baghdad
Junayd of Baghdad (Persian: جُنیدِ بَغدادی; Arabic: الجنيد البغدادي; c. 830 – 910) was a mystic and one of the most famous of the early Islamic saints. He is a central figure in the spiritual lineage of many Sufi orders.

Junayd taught in Baghdad throughout his lifetime and was an important figure in the development of Sufi doctrine. Like Hasan of Basra before him, was widely revered by his students and disciples as well as quoted by other mystics. Because of his importance in Sufi theology, Junayd was often referred to as the "Sultan".
Markus Wolf
Markus Johannes Wolf (19 January 1923 – 9 November 2006), also known as Mischa, was a German spymaster who served as the head of the Main Directorate for Reconnaissance (Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung), the foreign intelligence division of East Germany's Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, abbr. MfS, commonly known as the Stasi). He was the Stasi's number two for 34 years, which spanned most of the Cold War. He is often regarded as one of the most effective spymasters during the Cold War. In the West, he was known as "the man without a face" as Western agencies reportedly did not know what he looked like until 1978.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
National Labour Press
The National Labour Press (NLP) was founded in 1909 to undertake printing for the Independent Labour Party (ILP). It published the Labour Leader as well as other ILP material. It was originally located at 30 Blackfriars Street.

In July 1915 Herbert Nield, Conservative MP for Ealing, raised in parliament his concerns about the activities of the Union of Democratic Control (UDC) and the ILP were holding "over 200 meetings weekly" and distributing literature. Following police raids, censorship was imposed on the Labour Leader, but the police in Manchester were cautious in seizing only sample copies of UDC literature. As it happened the Salford magistrates did not deem the material to be illegal.   From March 1916 the NLP printed The Tribunal, a weekly newspaper, for the No Conscription Fellowship. The police raided the NLP and dismantled the press, but The Tribunal continued to be published via a secret press which the police had not found.

Ealing (UK Parliament constituency)
Ealing was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Ealing district of west London.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the UK Parliament, 1885–1945.  In common with metropolitan areas the seat saw major population increase.  Until 1918 it included Chiswick, Acton within the County of London, and part of Hanwell in the rump of dwindling Middlesex.
Protocol Buffers
Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) is a free and open-source cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data. It is useful in developing programs that communicate with each other over a network or for storing data.  The method involves an interface description language that describes the structure of some data and a program that generates source code from that description for generating or parsing a stream of bytes that represents the structured data.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.
Agnosia
Agnosia is a neurological disorder characterized by an inability to process sensory information. Often there is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is neither defective nor is there any significant memory loss. It is usually associated with brain injury or neurological illness, particularly after damage to the occipitotemporal border, which is part of the ventral stream.  Agnosia affects only a single modality, such as vision or hearing. More recently, a top-down interruption is considered to cause the disturbance of handling perceptual information.

Two-streams hypothesis
The two-streams hypothesis is a model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing. The hypothesis, given its initial characterisation in a paper by David Milner and Melvyn A. Goodale in 1992, argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. Recently there seems to be evidence of two distinct auditory systems as well. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, and as sound leaves the phonological network, it follows two main pathways, or "streams". The ventral stream (also known as the "what pathway") leads to the temporal lobe, which is involved with object and visual identification and recognition. The dorsal stream (or, "where pathway") leads to the parietal lobe, which is involved with processing the object's spatial location relative to the viewer and with speech repetition.
Sabula Rail Bridge
The Sabula Rail Bridge is a swing bridge that carries a single rail line across the Mississippi River between the island town of Sabula, Iowa and Savanna, Illinois. Originally built for the Milwaukee Road, and subsequently owned by the Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad, the bridge is operational and is currently owned by Canadian Pacific Railway.

Sabula, Iowa
Sabula is a city in Jackson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 506 at the 2020 census.

Sabula is the site of Iowa's only island city. The island has a beach and a campground, as well as a harbor with boat docks.

Sabula is the northern terminus of U.S. Route 67.
Rosa Posada
Rosa María Posada Chapado (Madrid, 17 January 1940 — Madrid, 29 October 2014) was a Spanish lawyer and politician. She served as President of the Assembly of Madrid (1987-1991) as well as Vice President.

Assembly of Madrid
The Assembly of Madrid or Madrid Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea de Madrid) is the unicameral autonomous legislature of the Autonomous Community of Madrid since the approval of the Madrid Charter of Autonomy in 1983.

It is elected every four years during the Spanish Regional and Municipal elections, as the Community of Madrid Charter of Autonomy does not recognise the right to call early elections (as in the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia and Andalusia), save for exceptional situations like the scandal that deadlocked the May 2003 Assembly and forced fresh elections in October 2003. According to the Charter, the Assembly is empowered to write Madrid's regional legislation, to control the regional government's actions, and to elect the President of the Community of Madrid.

The Assembly meets in the district of Vallecas of Madrid in a hall inaugurated in 1998 specifically designed to host the Madrid Assembly.
Brendan O'Brien (journalist)
Brendan O'Brien was once a journalist on RTÉ One's Prime Time current affairs programme, he worked for RTE from 1973 until 2002.

In 1983, O'Brien won a Jacob's Award for his reporting on the RTÉ current affairs programme, Today Tonight.

He is noted for his report and investigation of Martin Cahill where he follows the criminal and confronts him in the street.

In 2008, O'Brien won the Irish Children's Book of the Year Award for The Story of Ireland. He has also written about the history of the IRA.

He worked from 2005 until 2010 for the independent radio station Newstalk presenting The Saturday Edition.

O'Brien is a graduate of Trinity College Dublin, and the University of Ulster.

Newstalk
Newstalk (formerly NewsTalk 106) is a national independent radio station in Ireland. It is operated by News 106 Limited, a subsidiary of Bauer Media Audio Ireland, and broadcasts under a sound broadcasting contract with the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland ( which since 2024 has been renamed Commusiun Na Mean)

Newstalk is Ireland's only commercial all-talk station, broadcasting opinion, analysis, entertainment and sport.
Chryse (Hellespont)
Chryse (Greek: Χρύση) was a town on the Hellespont, mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium as being between Abydus and Ophrynium, which would put it on the Asian side, in ancient Mysia.

The site of Chryse is unlocated.

Mysia
Mysia (UK /ˈmɪsiə/, US /ˈmɪʒə/ or /ˈmiːʒə/; Greek: Μυσία; Latin: Mysia; Turkish: Misya) was a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor (Anatolia, Asian part of modern Turkey). It was located on the south coast of the Sea of Marmara. It was bounded by Bithynia on the east, Phrygia on the southeast, Lydia on the south, Aeolis on the southwest, Troad on the west, and the Propontis on the north. In ancient times it was inhabited by the Mysians, Phrygians, Aeolian Greeks and other groups.
Rutland Park, Calgary
Rutland Park is an inner city residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded to the north by Richmond Road and 33 Avenue, to the east by Crowchild Trail, to the south by Glenmore Trail and to the west by 37 Street W.

The area was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1910 (under the name Sarcee Park ) and Rutland Park was established in 1952. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 11 councillor.

Calgary City Council
The Calgary City Council is the legislative governing body that represents the citizens of Calgary. The council consists of 15 members: the chief elected official, titled the mayor, and 14 councillors. Jeromy Farkas was elected mayor in October 2025 as the city's 38th. The mayor represents the interests of the city as a whole. Each of the 14 councillors represents one of the city's 14 wards.
Barry Dufour
Barry Dufour is a British academic and author who specializes in the area of education research. He is a visiting professor at De Montfort University, Leicester. In 1973, he co-authored with D. Lawton The New Social Studies in which they outlined their concerns that curricula be developed with age-appropriate schemes. He was the editor of the 1990 book  The New Social Curriculum: A Guide to Cross-Curricular Issues which also focused on issues of curricula.

In addition to his work in the field of education, in 1977 he wrote The World of Pop and Rock, called by Music in Education, at the time, "probably the best book yet on the pop industry written for teenagers".
He is the brother of former Libertines drummer Paul Dufour.

Education sciences
Education sciences, also known as education studies or education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education, educational research, instructional theory, curriculum theory and psychology, philosophy, sociology, economics, and history of education. Related are learning theory or cognitive science.
WI-38
WI-38 is a diploid human cell line composed of fibroblasts derived from lung tissue of a 3-month-gestation female fetus. The fetus came from a legal abortion performed in Sweden in 1962. The cell line was isolated by Leonard Hayflick the same year, and has been used extensively in scientific research, with applications ranging from developing important theories in molecular biology and aging to the production of most human virus vaccines. The uses of this cell line in human virus vaccine production is estimated to have saved the lives of millions of people.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Kurt Floericke
Kurt Ehrenreich Floericke (also spelled Curt and/or Flöricke; 23 March 1869, in Zeitz – 29 October 1934, in Stuttgart) was a German naturalist and author of numerous popular science books. He also edited the Kosmos magazine in Stuttgart from 1907. An early advocate of bird protection, he sought the establishment of a bird sanctuary on Lake Constance.

Radolfzell
Radolfzell am Bodensee (German pronunciation: [ˌʁaːdɔlfˈtsɛl ʔam ˈboːdn̩zeː], lit. 'Radolfzell on the Lake Constance') is a town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located at the western end  (Zeller Lake) of Lake Constance, approximately 18 km (11 mi) northwest of the city of Konstanz (Constance). It is the third largest town, after Konstanz and Singen, in the district of Konstanz.

It is situated in the Hegau region. The mouth of the river Radolfzeller Aach is located west of Radolfzell.

It is a well-known health care town (Mettnau-Kur). In 1990, Radolfzell was named the Federal Environment Capital City of Germany.
Lowa (Kivu/Maniema)
Lowa  (Swahili: Mto Lowa) is a river in the Congo Basin in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

It rises in the Mitumba Mountains, on the border of the provinces of South Kivu and North Kivu. It flows westward through the Albertine Rift montane forests and Northeastern Congolian lowland forests of North Kivu and in turn Maniema. It flows into the Lualaba at the border of Maniema and Tshopo.

The first European to trace its length was Gustav Adolf von Götzen in his expedition that started in 1893. Its length is 390 kilometres (240 mi).

The river basin includes the Kahuzi-Biéga National Park and the Maiko National Park.

Tshopo
Tshopo is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning.  It is situated in the north central part of the country on the Tshopo River, for which it is named.

Tshopo, Bas-Uele, Haut-Uele, and Ituri provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Orientale province.  Tshopo was formed from the Tshopo district and the independently administered city of Kisangani which retained its status as a provincial capital. The 2020 population was estimated to be 2,829,700.
Coles Island, New Brunswick
Coles Island is a settlement and an island in New Brunswick, Canada. The island itself is located in the Canaan River.  The community is centred on Route 10, Route 715, and Route 112 intersection and extends south of the island as well. It links travellers on Route 10 - the former Trans-Canada Highway - to southern communities such as Sussex, New Brunswick, Apohaqui Saint John and the Fundy coastline.

It is known locally for its richness in small game hunting and fishing areas.

New Brunswick Route 10
Route 10 is a 144 kilometre long highway starting in Fredericton and ending in Sussex, New Brunswick, Canada. The road goes northeast from the Fredericton suburb of Barker's Point to the village of Minto, then loops around Grand Lake through Chipman to Youngs Cove. Until 2001 this was the end of the highway, but with the opening of a new 4-lane section of the Trans-Canada Highway (Route 2), it now follows the old alignment of that highway from Youngs Cove to a junction with Route 1 in Sussex. While passing through Minto, Route 10 forms Pleasant Drive, and in Chipman, it forms parts of Bridge Street and Main Street.
Bentaleb
Bentaleb is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hadia Bentaleb (born 1980), Algerian fencer

Lakhdar Bentaleb (born 1988), Algerian footballer

Nabil Bentaleb (born 1994), Algerian footballer

Lakhdar Bentaleb
Mohamed Lakhdar Bentaleb (born October 8, 1988, in Oran) is an Algerian football player who lately played for IRB El Kerma. He has also 17 appearances in the Algerian top tier with ES Sétif and MC Oran.
KREM New Years' Day Cycling Classic
The KREM New Year's Day Cycling Classic is a single day road cycling race held in Belize since 1991 on New Year's Day, January 1, and is thus the first race on Belize's cycling calendar. The race was restricted to elite and junior men until 2001, when females became eligible to ride. It is considered the second most prestigious race in Belize after the Holy Saturday Cross Country Cycling Classic.

The usual route is over the Northern Highway from Corozal District (at first Corozal Town, now the Santa Elena northern border) to Belize City, finishing at the corner of Central American Boulevard and Mahogany Street, approximately two blocks from the home of the race's sponsor, Kremandala Ltd., located on Partridge Street.

Corozal District
Corozal is the northernmost district of the nation of Belize. The population was 46,071 in 2024. The district capital is Corozal Town.

Pre-Columbian Maya ruins are found in Corozal at Santa Rita near Corozal Town, and at Cerros.
Littlewood's 4/3 inequality
In mathematical analysis, Littlewood's 4/3 inequality, named after John Edensor Littlewood, is an inequality that holds for every complex-valued bilinear form defined on , the Banach space of scalar sequences that converge to zero.

Precisely, let  or 
be a bilinear form. Then the following holds:

where

The exponent 4/3 is optimal, i.e., cannot be improved by a smaller exponent. It is also known that for real scalars the aforementioned constant is sharp.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).