hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parwayuni
Parwayuni (Aymara parwayu blossom of cereals, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a cereal blossom (or cereal blossoms)", Hispanicized spelling Parhuayune) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,600 metres (15,092 ft) high. It is in the Arequipa Region, Arequipa Province, Tarucani District, and in the Moquegua Region, General Sánchez Cerro Province, Ubinas District. Parwayuni is northwest of the active volcano Ubinas and the 4,647-metre-high (15,246 ft) Qhuyu Parwayuni.

Arequipa province
Arequipa is a province in the Arequipa Region, Peru. Its capital, Arequipa, is Peru's second most populous city. It borders the provinces of Islay, Camaná, and Caylloma. According to INEI, in the year 2017 it had a population of 1,080,635 people.
Peter Dorman
Peter FitzGerald Dorman (born 1948) is an American epigrapher, philologist, and Egyptologist. Recently a professor of history and archaeology at the American University of Beirut (AUB), he served as the 15th President of the university from 2008 to 2015. He spent most of his career as a professor and chair in the department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC) of the University of Chicago, and was director of Chicago House in Luxor, the Epigraphic Survey field project of the Oriental Institute. He is presently a professor emeritus of the University of Chicago.

Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures
The Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, West Asia and North Africa (ISAC), formerly known as the Oriental Institute (OI), is a research institute and museum of the University of Chicago, located in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Established in May 1919, the institute was founded by Egyptologist and professor James Henry Breasted with funds donated by John D. Rockefeller Jr. It conducts research on ancient civilizations throughout the Near East, including at its facility, Chicago House, in Luxor, Egypt. The institute also publicly exhibits an extensive collection of artifacts related to ancient civilizations and archaeological discoveries at its on-campus building in Hyde Park, Chicago. According to anthropologist William Parkinson of the Field Museum of Natural History, the institute's highly focused "near Eastern, or southwest Asian and Egyptian" collection is one of the finest in the world.
Bongani Christopher Majola
Bongani Christopher Majola is an advocate of the High Court of South Africa, an academic, human rights scholar, and the previous Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). He currently serves as the chairperson of the South African Human Rights Commission.

Advocate
An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries and legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.

"Advocate" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as "Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili". "Advocate" also has the everyday meaning of speaking out to help someone else, such as patient advocacy or the support expected from an elected politician; this article does not cover those senses.
Markov strategy
In game theory, a Markov strategy is a strategy that depends only on the current state of the game, rather than the full history of past actions. The state summarizes all relevant past information needed for decision-making. For example, in a repeated game, the state could be the outcome of the most recent round or any summary statistic that captures the strategic situation or recent sequence of play.

A profile of Markov strategies forms a Markov perfect equilibrium if it constitutes a Nash equilibrium in every possible state of the game. Markov strategies are widely used in dynamic and stochastic games, where the state evolves over time according to probabilistic rules.

Although the concept is named after Andrey Markov due to its reliance on the Markov property—the idea that only the current state matters—the strategy concept itself was developed much later in the context of dynamic game theory.

Markov property
In probability theory and statistics, the term Markov property refers to the memoryless property of a stochastic process, which means that its future evolution is independent of its history. It is named after the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov. The term strong Markov property is similar to the Markov property, except that the meaning of "present" is defined in terms of a random variable known as a stopping time.

The term Markov assumption is used to describe a model where the Markov property is assumed to hold, such as a hidden Markov model.

A Markov random field extends this property to two or more dimensions or to random variables defined for an interconnected network of items. An example of a model for such a field is the Ising model.

A discrete-time stochastic process satisfying the Markov property is known as a Markov chain.
Elliot L. Sims
Elliot L. Sims was a Canadian film and television screenwriter. He is most noted for the 1989 film Cold Comfort, for which he and Richard Beattie won the Genie Award for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 11th Genie Awards in 1990.

Sims' other credits included episodes of It's a Man's World, The Littlest Hobo and E.N.G..

E.N.G.
E.N.G. is a Canadian television drama, following the staff of a fictional Toronto television news station. The show aired on CTV from 1989 to 1994. The series ran for 96 episodes, produced by the Alliance Entertainment Corporation.
Hiwi (volunteer)
Hiwi ([ˈhiːviː]), the German abbreviation of the word Hilfswilliger or, in English, auxiliary volunteer, designated, during World War II, a member of different kinds of voluntary auxiliary forces made up of recruits indigenous to the territories of Eastern Europe occupied by Nazi Germany. Adolf Hitler reluctantly agreed to allow recruitment of Soviet citizens in the Rear Areas during Operation Barbarossa. In a short period of time, many of them were moved to combat units.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Karnice, Gryfice County
Karnice [karˈnit͡sɛ] (German: Karnitz) is a village in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Karnice. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Gryfice and 76 km (47 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 690.

Gryfice
Gryfice (pronounced Gri-fitse [ɡrɨˈfʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ; German: Greifenberg) is a historic town in Pomerania, north-western Poland, with 16,600 inhabitants (2017). It is the capital of Gryfice County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The town is situated approximately 22 kilometres from the Baltic Sea coast and seaside resorts.
André Sanglier
André Sanglier (10 May 1911, Saint-Pierre, Réunion – 22 October 1997) was a French politician. He represented French Madagascar as a member of the Rally of Left Republicans (RGR) in the National Assembly from 1956 to 1959.

French Madagascar
The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (French: Colonie de Madagascar et dépendances) was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958 in what is now Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France known as Malagasy Protectorate. The protectorate became a colony, following Queen Ranavalona III's exile to Réunion.

In 1958, the colonial administration in Madagascar was abolished, and it became an autonomous territory of the French Community as the Malagasy Republic, which existed until 1975.
Little Rock Creek (Mississippi River tributary)
Little Rock Creek is a stream in Benton and Morrison counties, Minnesota, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Mississippi River.

Little Rock Creek was named for a rock outcropping near its mouth.

Benton County, Minnesota
Benton County is a county in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 41,379. Its county seat is Foley.

Benton County is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Combined Statistical Area.
Girov
Girov is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania.  It is composed of nine villages: Boțești, Căciulești, Dănești, Doina, Girov, Gura Văii, Popești, Turturești, and Verșești. It also included Bălușești and Dochia villages from 1968 to 2003, when these were split off to form Dochia Commune.

The commune is located 11 km (6.8 mi) east of Piatra Neamț, on the road DN15D from Piatra Neamț to Roman, in the Cracău river valley.

Neamț County
Neamț County (Romanian pronunciation: [ne̯amt͡s] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Western Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț. The county takes its name from the Neamț River.
Cajeta de piña y plátano
Cajeta de piña y plátano or Pineapple and banana dessert is a sweet fruit paste found in Mexican cuisine. There is a recipe for it published in a 19th-century cookbook from Guadalajara. It is made with crushed pineapple and mashed bananas blended with sugar syrup and baked until a thick, dark brown paste is obtained. It can be served with queso fresco.

White cheese
White cheese includes a wide variety of cheese types discovered in different regions, sharing the sole common characteristic of their white hue. The specific type of white cheese can vary significantly depending on the geographical location.
Werner Maihofer
Werner Maihofer OMRI (20 October 1918 – 6 October 2009) was a German jurist and legal philosopher. He served as Germany's Federal Minister of the Interior from 1974 to 1978 until he resigned after a scandal involving an illegal wiretapping of Klaus Traube.

Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of the Interior  (German: Bundesministerium des Innern, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm dɛs ˈʔɪnɐn ʔʊnt fyːɐ̯ ˈhaɪmaːt] ⓘ; abbreviated BMI) is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Alexander Dobrindt. 
It is comparable to the UK Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies. The BMI is tasked with the internal security of Germany. To fulfill this responsibility it maintains, among other agencies, the two biggest federal law enforcement agencies in Germany, the Federal Police (including the GSG 9) and the Federal Criminal Police Office. It is also responsible for the federal domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
Joseph Guthrie (politician)
Joseph Guthrie is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Rockingham 15th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.

In 2022 Guthrie was 93 years old, marking him as the state's oldest legislator in New Hampshire's history.

Rockingham County, New Hampshire
Rockingham County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 census, the population was 314,176, making it New Hampshire's second-most populous county. The county seat is Brentwood. Rockingham County is part of the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area and the greater Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area. Per the 2020 census, it was New Hampshire's fastest growing county from 2010 to 2020.

As of 2014–2018 estimates from the American Community Survey, Rockingham County was the fourth- wealthiest county in New England, with a median household income of $90,429.
Joseph II, Prince of Schwarzenberg
Joseph II Johann 6th Prince of Schwarzenberg (Vienna, 27 June 1769 - Frauenberg, 19 December 1833) was a German-Bohemian nobleman from the Schwarzenberg family. He also briefly served as a patron for Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven.

Hluboká nad Vltavou
Hluboká nad Vltavou (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦlubokaː ˈnad vl̩tavou]; until 1885 Podhrad, German: Frauenberg) is a town in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,600 inhabitants. The town is known for the Hluboká Castle.
AP Bank
AP Bank is a Japanese non-profit organization dedicated to renewable energy and environmental projects, founded in 2003. AP Bank's seed money was provided by record producer Takeshi Kobayashi, musician Kazutoshi Sakurai and composer and musician Ryuichi Sakamoto. It channels its finance to small-scale sustainable projects that would otherwise struggle to receive loan funding. Beneficiaries have ranged from a recycling program in the far south of Kyushu, Japan, to the construction of an eco-resort in the Marshall Islands.

AP Bank holds its own festival since 2005. AP Bank Fes raises awareness about environmental issues such as recycling and global warming, with all profits from the festival going to fund more projects at AP Bank.

Chara (singer)
Miwa Watabiki (綿引 美和, Watabiki Miwa; born January 13, 1968), better known by her stage name Chara (ちゃら), is a Japanese singer, actress and video jockey. She debuted in 1991 with the single Heaven. She is known for her song "Swallowtail Butterfly (Ai no Uta)", the theme song for the 1996 Shunji Iwai film Swallowtail Butterfly in which she starred, her 1997 hit single "Yasashii Kimochi", and her collaboration with Judy and Mary vocalist Yuki, "Ai no Hi Mittsu Orange". Chara later formed a band with Yuki, called Mean Machine.
Grzegorz Krychowiak
Grzegorz Krychowiak ([ˈɡʐɛɡɔʂ krɨˈxɔvʲjak] ⓘ; born 29 January 1990) is a Polish former footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

Beginning his senior career in France with Bordeaux, Krychowiak later played for Reims, before joining Sevilla for €3.5 million in 2014, winning the UEFA Europa League in both of his two seasons at the club.

Krychowiak earned 100 caps for Poland national team between his international debut in 2008 to 2023, and represented the nation at two UEFA European Championships (2016 and 2020) and two FIFA World Cups (2018 and 2022).

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
Bitlänger
Bitlänger (Tatar: Битләнгер, romanized: Bitlänger) is a rural locality (a derevnya) in Kukmara District, Tatarstan. The population was 315 as of 2010.
Bitlänger is located 24 km from Kukmаra, district's administrative centre, and 164 km from Qаzan, republic's capital, by road.
The earliest known record of the settlement dates from 16th century.
There are 3 streets in the village.

Kukmor
Kukmor (Russian: Ку́кмор; Tatar: Кукмара) is a city and the administrative center of Kukmorsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Nurminka River (in the Vyatka's basin), near the border with Kirov Oblast, 120 kilometers (75 mi) from the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 17,886.
Karl Marx in Kalbadevi
Karl Marx in Kalbadevi is a 2013 one-man play about the German philosopher Karl Marx played by Satchit Puranik. Written by Uttam Gada and directed by Manoj Shah, the play depicts an imaginary visit by Marx to Kalbadevi, the hypercapitalist area of Mumbai, India. The play tried to introduce to a commercially-minded Gujarati community the ideas of a radical critic of capitalist society, in a style that adopts song, dance, repartee, and interactive badinage with the audience to make his complex ideas more suitable to the taste and cultural background of local audiences.

Karl Marx in Kalbadevi was successful and has had hundreds of performances, but received mixed reviews from theatre critics. It was praised for Puranik's performance and for presenting complex ideas simply but criticised for its script.

Kalbadevi
Kalbadevi is an old neighbourhood in Mumbai (Bombay), India. It is named after Goddess Kalbadevi, the Hindu Goddess. Kalbadevi area is one of the busiest areas during peak hours. The area has mostly traders in watches, bicycles, steel utensils, etc.
Žarko Potočnjak
Žarko Potočnjak (3 February 1946 – 21 October 2021) was a Croatian theatre, television and film actor.

Potočnjak graduated from the Zagreb Academy of Dramatic Art in 1972. Upon graduation he was hired as a regular member at the Komedija and Gavella theatres in Zagreb, and since 1994 he has been a member of cast at the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb.

Apart from his work in theatre, Potočnjak has appeared in about 30 television series and a number of film productions since the 1970s.

In 1983, he married actress Asja Jovanović, with whom he has a daughter Mirna. During the Croatian War of Independence he served with the 106th Croatian Army brigade based in Osijek.

He provided the voice of Mater in the Croatian dub of the Cars franchise and Raisin and dalmatian in Marmaduke.

Croatian Army
The Croatian Army (Croatian: Hrvatska kopnena vojska or HKoV) is the land force branch of the Croatian Armed Forces. It is the largest of its three service branches. The Croatian Army serves as the primary force for defending Croatia against external threats. Its responsibilities include participating in international peace support and humanitarian operations, as well as responding to and mitigating the effects of domestic emergencies caused by natural disasters, technical accidents, or other crises.

The Army is organized into combat units, combat support units, and service support units. Combat units include mechanized and armored-mechanized infantry. Combat support units cover artillery, air defense, engineering, communications, nuclear-biological-chemical defense, military police, and military intelligence. Service support units provide supply, transport, maintenance, and medical/sanitation services.
Dharmajan Bolgatty
Dharmajan Bolgatty (born 1976) is an Indian actor, producer, comedian, politician and entrepreneur, who works in Malayalam films, television, and stage shows. He began his career as a comedian appearing in sketch comedies on stage, later forayed into such comedic television shows and into films in 2010s. Dharmajan entered active politics in 2021, ahead of the assembly elections in Kerala. He is a member of Indian National Congress and was the United Democratic Front candidate in Balusseri constituency.

2nd IIFA Utsavam
The 2nd IIFA Utsavam ceremony honouring the winners and nominees of the best of South Indian cinema in 2016 was held on 28 and 29 March 2017 at the Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The event, which is the second edition of the IIFA Utsavam, recognises the best work from the four industries during the year 2016 and awarded prizes to performers and technicians from the Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada languages.
Re Vandervell Trustees Ltd
Re Vandervell Trustees Ltd  [1971] AC 912 is a UK tax law case, concerning the ability of the Revenue to amend tax assessments.

This case was the second in a series of decisions involving Tony Vandervell's trusts and his tax liability. The first was Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners, which concerned whether an oral instruction to transfer an equitable interest in shares complied with the writing requirement under Law of Property Act 1925, section 53(1)(c), and so whether receipt of dividends was subject to tax.

The third was Re Vandervell Trustees Ltd (No 2), which concerned whether Vandervell could be taxed on dividend income (as beneficiary of a resulting trust) if the exercise of an option had validly transferred the beneficial interest in that income to another trust (of which he was not a beneficiary).

Law of Property Act 1925
The Law of Property Act 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 20) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It forms part of an interrelated programme of legislation introduced by Lord Chancellor Lord Birkenhead between 1922 and 1925 that was intended to modernise the English law of real property. It is often referred to as the LPA 1925.

The act, as amended, provides the core of modern English land law, particularly as regards many aspects of freehold land which is itself an important consideration in all other types of interest in land.
Buddhism in Saudi Arabia
The International Religious Freedom Report 2007, of U.S. Department of State, estimated that more than 8 million foreigners are living and working in Saudi Arabia, including Muslims and non-Muslims.

There are 400,000 Sri Lankans, as well as a few thousand Buddhist workers from East Asia and Southeast Asia, the majority of which are: Chinese, Vietnamese, and Taiwanese. There is also a possibility that a percentage of Nepalese immigrants also help make up the estimated 8 million foreign residents in Saudi Arabia.

This amount of foreign inhabitants makes about 1.5% of Saudi Arabia's population Buddhists, or around 400,000 nominal Buddhists, most likely giving Saudi Arabia the largest Buddhist community in the Middle East or Arab World.

The practice of Buddhism, like all religions other than Islam, is illegal in Saudi Arabia. Adherents must therefore practice only in private.

Demographics of Sri Lanka
This is a demography of the population of Sri Lanka including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean, also called Ceylon and many other names. It is about the size of Ireland. It is about 28 kilometres (18 mi.) off the south-eastern coast of India with a population of about 22 million. Density is highest in the south west where Colombo, the country's main port and industrial center, is located. The net population growth is about 0.7%. Sri Lanka is ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse.
Taipingqiao station (Harbin Metro)
Taipingqiao station (simplified Chinese: 太平桥站; traditional Chinese: 太平橋站; pinyin: Tàipíngqiáo Zhàn) is a metro station on Line 1 and Line 3 of the Harbin Metro. The station for Line 1 opened on September 26, 2013, and the station for Line 3 opened on November 26, 2021.

Line 1 (Harbin Metro)
Line 1 of the Harbin Metro (Chinese: 哈尔滨地铁一号线; pinyin: Hārbīn Dìtiě Yī Hào Xiàn) is a rapid transit line running from west to east Harbin. It was open on the 26 September 2013. This line is 26.05 km long with 23 stations.