hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sitana spinaecephalus
Sitana spinaecephalus, the spiny-headed fan-throated lizard, is a species of agamid lizard. It is endemic to India. It is found in scrublands and forests occurring in the west-central states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

Agamidae
Agamidae is a family containing 582 species in 64 genera of iguanian lizards indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia, and a few locations in Southern Europe. Many species are commonly called dragons or dragon lizards.
Keith Branagan
Keith Graham Branagan (born 10 July 1966) is a football coach and former professional player.

As a player, he was a goalkeeper who notably played in the Premier League for Bolton Wanderers and Ipswich Town. He also played in the Football League for Cambridge United, Millwall, Brentford and Gillingham. Born in England, he won a single cap for the Republic of Ireland at international level in 1997.

Bolton School
Bolton School is a private day school in Bolton, Greater Manchester. It comprises a co-educational nursery (ages 0–4), co-educational infant school (ages 3–7), single sex junior schools (ages 7–11) and single sex senior schools including sixth forms (ages 11–18). With over 2,500 pupils, it is one of the largest independent day schools in the country.
Kobiór
Kobiór [ˈkɔbjur] (Silesian: Kobierz) is a village in Pszczyna County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kobiór. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Pszczyna and 22 km (14 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

Pszczyna County
Pszczyna County (Polish: powiat pszczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Pszczyna, which lies 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

The county covers an area of 473.46 square kilometres (182.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 111,324, out of which the population of Pszczyna is 25,823 and the rural population is 85,501.
The Gentle Gunman (play)
The Gentle Gunman is a 1950 thriller play by the British writer Roger MacDougall. A former IRA gunman attempts to renounce his violent past, as he is now convinced a non-violent approach is best.

It premiered at the Cambridge Arts Theatre before transferring to the Arts Theatre in London's West End where it ran for 31 performances between 2 and 27 August 1950. The original London cast included Henry Hewitt, Robin Bailey, Victor Maddern, Larry Burns, Michael Golden, Harry Towb, Eddie Byrne, Kevin Stoney, Louise Hampton and Maureen Pryor.  The production was televised by the BBC in September 1950.

Robin Bailey
William Henry Mettam "Robin" Bailey (5 October 1919 – 14 January 1999) was an English actor. He was born in Hucknall, Nottinghamshire.

Often cast in upper class and tradition-bound roles such as Mr Justice Graves in Thames Television's Rumpole of the Bailey, Bailey is also known for his portrayal of Uncle Mort in I Didn't Know You Cared, the BBC's adaptation of Peter Tinniswood's stories about an extended Yorkshire family. The television series ran from 1975 to 1979. Bailey also collaborated with Tinniswood on the television and radio series Tales from a Long Room, playing the Brigadier, an eccentric cricket-lover with a fund of extraordinary tales about the game and its players.
Bircham, Alberta
Bircham is a hamlet in southern Alberta, Canada within Kneehill County. It is located approximately 78 km (48 mi) northeast of Calgary and 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Acme, along a Canadian National Railway line.

The hamlet most likely takes its name from Bircham in England.

Southern Alberta
Southern Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.  In 2016, the region's population was approximately 291,112. The primary cities are Lethbridge and Medicine Hat. The region is known mostly for agricultural production, but other sectors, such as alternative energy, film production and tourism, are emerging.
Sheena Iyengar
Sheena S. Iyengar is the S.T. Lee Professor of Business in the Management Department at Columbia Business School, widely and best known as an expert on choice. Her research focuses on the many facets of decision making, including: why people want choice, what affects how and what we choose, and how we can improve our decision making. She has presented TED talks on choice and is the author of The Art of Choosing (2010).

Columbia Business School
The Columbia University Graduate School of Business, branded as Columbia Business School (CBS), is the business school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. It was established in 1916. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.
African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.

Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They often feature a compilation or discussion of beliefs, ritual practices, moral commandments and laws, ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and admonitions for fostering a religious community.

Within each religion, these texts are revered as authoritative sources of guidance, wisdom, and divine revelation. They are often regarded as sacred or holy, representing the core teachings and principles that their followers strive to uphold.
1999 President's Cup – Singles
The 1999 President's Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on hardcourt in Tashkent, Uzbekistan that was part of the International Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 13 – 18 September.

Tim Henman was the defending champion, but did not compete this year.

Nicolas Kiefer won the title by defeating qualifier George Bastl 6–4, 6–2 in the final.

Roger Federer entered ATP Top 100 for the first time after this tournament.

Nicolas Kiefer
Nicolas Kiefer (German pronunciation: [ˈnɪkolas ˈkiːfɐ]; born 5 July 1977) is a German former professional tennis player. He reached the semifinals of the 2006 Australian Open and won a silver medal in men's doubles with partner Rainer Schüttler at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Kiefer's career-high singles ranking was world No. 4, achieved in January 2000.
The Sound of Silence (2019 film)
The Sound of Silence is a 2019 American drama film directed by Michael Tyburski. It was screened in the U.S. Dramatic Competition section at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival. The plot centers on Peter Lucian, played by Peter Sarsgaard, a "house tuner," working on the sonic environment of homes. It is based on the director's 2013 short film "Palimpsest". It was released on September 13, 2019, by IFC Films.

Independent Film Company
Independent Film Company (IFC) is an American film production and distribution company owned by AMC Networks and based in New York. It was formed as an offshoot of AMC's TV network, IFC (then known as the Independent Film Channel), and was originally named IFC Films.

It mainly distributes independent features under its own name, select foreign films and documentaries under its Sundance Selects label, and co-distributes genre films with Shudder. It operates the IFC Center.
Kiss Five
Kiss Five (stylized in lower case, commonly referred to as K.I.S.S. 5 or Kiss 5) is the fourth album by American rapper K Camp. It was released on April 24, 2020, via Rare Sound/Interscope Records, serving as the sequel to his 2017 Kiss 4 mixtape and the fifth volume in his KISS series. Production was handled by several record producers, including Natra Average, Jarrod Doyle, and K Camp's frequent collaborators Bobby Kritical and Musik MajorX. It features guest appearances from Ari Lennox, 6lack, Fabo, Jacquees, Jeremih, Joe Trufant, Tink, Wale, Yella Beezy and Yung Bleu.

The album peaked at number 29 on the US Billboard 200, making it the rapper's second most successful project after 2015 release of Only Way Is Up. It was promoted with two singles: "Lottery (Renegade)" with music video directed by Matthew Daniel Siskin, and "Ice Cold" with music video directed by Grant Spanier, and music videos for "Rude Boy" and "Friendly" both directed by Creed x Nfluence.

D4L
D4L (an acronym of Down for Life) was an American hip hop group formed in 2003, composed of Atlanta-based rappers Fabo, Mook-B, Stoney, and Shawty Lo. They are best known for their 2005 hit single "Laffy Taffy", which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 2006.
Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
East End Historic District (Thomasville, Georgia)
East End Historic District in Thomasville, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and was amended in 2003 with increases and decreases to its 13-acre (5.3 ha) area.  Simple Craftsman-style bungalows are the most common.

One justification for significance of the district is that it "is significant in the area of community planning and development as ... the earliest, documented, planned residential neighborhood in Thomasville and for representing the continued growth and development of a major working-class
neighborhood in a community better known for its resort hotels and seasonal residences."  Thomasville is asserted to be unique in Georgia "because development during the late 19th century was driven by the city's reputation as a winter resort town for wealthy Northerners", for whom hotels and large "'cottages'" were constructed.  (Many examples of these are in the Paradise Park area, listed as Paradise Park Historic District in 1984.): 7

Thomasville, Georgia
Thomasville is a city in and the county seat of Thomas County, Georgia, United States. The population was 18,881 in 2020.

The city deems itself the "City of Roses" and holds an annual Rose Festival. The city features plantations open to the public, a historic downtown, a large farmer's market, and an oak tree from about 1680 at the corner of Monroe and Crawford streets.
Optic radiation
In neuroanatomy, the optic radiation (also known as the geniculocalcarine tract, the geniculostriate pathway, and posterior thalamic radiation) are axons from the neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex. The optic radiation receives blood through deep branches of the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery.

They carry visual information through two divisions (called upper and lower division) to the visual cortex (also called striate cortex) along the calcarine fissure. There is one set of upper and lower divisions on each side of the brain. If a lesion only exists in one unilateral division of the optic radiation, the consequence is called quadrantanopia, which implies that only the respective superior or inferior quadrant of the visual field is affected. If both divisions on one side of the brain are affected, the result is a contralateral homonymous hemianopsia.

Middle cerebral artery
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired cerebral arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid artery and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices.

The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries.  The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis.
Sarkhon Kalateh
Sarkhon Kalateh (Persian: سرخنكلاته) is a city in, and the capital of, Baharan District in Gorgan County, Golestan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Estarabad-e Shomali Rural District. The village of Sarkhon Kalateh was converted to a city in 2001.

Golestan province
Golestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.

Golestan province borders Turkmenistan to the north. One of the key border points between the two countries is Incheh Borun, which serves as a vital crossing point.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.
Shiba Yoshimune
Shiba Yoshimune (斯波 義統, 1513 - August 10, 1554) was the final head of the Shiba clan and lived during the latter half of the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. Nominally, Yoshimune was the governor (shugo) of Owari province and resided at Kiyosu castle. Though he was governor of Owari, the head of the Iwakura Oda clan and the deputy governor (shugodai) of Yoshimune, Oda Nobutomo, used him as a puppet ruler. Following the death of Oda Nobuhide in the year 1551 and Oda Nobunaga's appointment to heir of his late father's position, Nobutomo, who was of the opposite family, planned to assassinate the heir. Yoshimune learned of the assassination plot and betrayed Nobutomo, reporting it to Nobunaga. However, Nobutomo discovered the betrayal of Yoshimune and had him killed. Regardless, Nobunaga was successful in evading assassination and would later assault Kiyosu castle, killing Nobutomo.

Shugodai
Shugodai (守護代, shugodai) were officials during feudal Japan. Shugodai were representatives of provincial shugo when the shugo could not virtually exercise his power, being often away from his province. Unlike shugo, who were appointed from the central power of the samurai estate or Shogunate, shugodai were locally appointed.

At the brink of the Sengoku period, most shugo strengthened their grip on power, leading to the effective disappearance of their shugodai. However, taking advantage of the weakening of their Shugo due to war or other circumstances, some shugodai became the effective lords of their provinces. A typical example of shugodai becoming de facto daimyōs would be Oda Nobuhide, the Oda clan of Owari Province.
Julian of Pannonia
Marcus Aurelius Sabinus Julianus, known in English as Julian of Pannonia (died 285–286) was a Roman usurper (283–285 or 286) against Emperor Carinus or Maximian. It is possible that up to four usurpers with a similar name rebelled in a timeframe of a decade, but at least one of them is known by numismatic evidence.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
Hannes Marino Hannesson
Hannes Marino Hannesson (November 27, 1884 – June 11, 1958) was a Member of Parliament for Manitoba and a lawyer.

Born in Iceland, Hannesson's family immigrated to Canada and settled in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1886 where he was schooled. He attended the University of Manitoba and trained as a lawyer, being called to the Manitoba bar in 1905 and practiced law in Winnipeg and Selkirk, Manitoba.

During World War I, Hannesson joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force and saw action in France. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1916, captain and then major in 1916 and then lieutenant-colonel in 1917.

He entered politics after the war and was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative MP for Selkirk defeating Liberal-Progressive MP Leland Payson Bancroft. The election returned a minority parliament and Hannenson was defeated by Bancroft a year later in the 1926 federal election and returned to private life. He died in Victoria, British Columbia in 1958 at the age of 73.

Selkirk, Manitoba
Selkirk is a city in the western Canadian province of Manitoba, located on the Red River about 22 kilometres (14 mi) northeast of Winnipeg, the provincial capital. It has a population of 10,504 as of the 2021 census.

The mainstays of the local economy are tourism, a steel mill, and a psychiatric hospital. A vertical lift bridge over the Red River connects Selkirk with the smaller town of East Selkirk. The city is connected to Winnipeg via Highway 9 and is served by the Canadian Pacific Railway.

The city was named in honour of the Scotsman Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, who obtained the grant to establish a colony in the Red River area in 1813.
Graduation (scale)
A graduation is a marking used to indicate points on a visual scale, which can be present on a container, a measuring device, or the axes of a line plot, usually one of many along a line or curve, each in the form of short line segments perpendicular to the line or curve. Often, some of these line segments are longer and marked with a numeral, such as every fifth or tenth graduation. The scale itself can be linear (the graduations are spaced at a constant distance apart) or nonlinear.

Linear graduation of a scale occurs mainly (but not exclusively) on straight measuring devices, such as a rule or measuring tape, using units such as inches or millimetres.

Graduations can also be spaced at varying spatial intervals, such as when using a logarithmic, for instance on a measuring cup, can vary in scale due to the container's non-cylindrical shape.

Container
A container is any receptacle or enclosure for holding an item. Things kept inside of a container are protected on several sides by being inside of its structure.  Humans have used containers for at least 100,000 years, and possibly for millions of years. Containers are used in storage, packaging, and transportation, including shipping.
Small nucleolar RNA Z162
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z162 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA Z162 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Plant snoRNA Z162 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Shivaji Nagar metro station (Bengaluru)
Shivaji Nagara is an upcoming important underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the Pink Line of Namma Metro in Bengaluru, India. This metro station will consist of the main Shivajinagar neighbourhood having the main Shivajinagara Bus Terminus leading towards many prime locations like Kempegowda (Majestic) Bus Station, Bagalur, Yelahanka and Hebbal. This also includes other prime locations such as Commercial Street, M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Karnataka State Cricket Association and St. Mary's Basilica. Cubbon Park will be the alternative metro station coming under Purple Line (Namma Metro).

As per the latest updates, this metro station, under the second phase, covering the total distance of 13.8 km stretch (Dairy Circle - Nagawara) is expected to be operational around December 2026.

Hebbal, Bengaluru
Hebbal is a neighbourhood in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, which was once indicative of the north endpoint of the city. Though originally famous for Hebbal Lake, it is now better known for the serpentine maze of flyovers that network the Outer Ring Road and Airport Road on NH 44. The flyover spans a length of 5.23 kilometres (3.2 mi) over all the loops combined. The flyover was built by Gammon India. The lake area in Hebbal is well known for its picnic spots, a well-maintained park, boating facilities and the birdwatching opportunities.

Hebbal used to be the end of the municipal corporation limits. One can still see the milestone between the Baptist hospital and checkpost. Bengaluru has now grown quite a bit towards north, beyond these marks. L&T factory, which was established in the 1970s, is also close to Hebbal. GKVK University and Manyata Tech Park with a number of office buildings and commercial enterprises makes Hebbal an attractive investment spot.