hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elephant Marsh
Elephant Marsh lies on the flood plain of the Lower Shire River in the African country of Malawi, between the towns of Chikwawa and Nsanje. The marsh varies in size from 150 to 450 square miles (390 to 1,170 km2) depending on the flow of the Shire and Ruo rivers and has no permanent boundary. In some places, floating mats of vegetation are so thick boat travel is nearly impossible. The Ruo River, the largest tributary of the Shire and the southeastern boundary between Malawi and Mozambique, merges with the Shire in the Elephant Marsh.

The marsh was named by David Livingstone in 1859, who counted as many as 800 elephants in one sighting. Today, the elephants are largely gone, but Elephant Marsh supports a large number of aquatic birds as well as hippopotamus. The marsh is similar to swampy Lake Chilwa, located 200 miles (320 km) to the north. Boat trips through Elephant Marsh can be arranged from nearby Lengwe National Park.

Ruo River
Ruo River is the largest tributary of the Shire River in southern Malawi and Mozambique. It originates from the Mulanje Massif (Malawi) and forms 80 km (50 mi) of the Malawi-Mozambique border. It joins the Shire River at Chiromo.

The Ruo River watershed includes the southern slopes of the Mulanje Massif and Shire Highlands in Malawi. Its principal tributary is the Thuchila (or Tuchila) River, which drains the southwestern slopes of Mulanje and the southeastern slopes of the Shire Highlands and the Thuchila plain between them. The confluence of the Ruo and Thuchila is near Sandama. The Ruo and its left bank tributaries also drain a portion of Milange District in neighboring Mozambique.

Zoa Falls (16°18'27"S 35°17'10"E) has a 60-meter drop, and effectively isolates the fish populations upstream in the Ruo watershed from those of the lower Zambezi and Shire rivers.

The Shire Highlands Railway follows the lower course of the Ruo between Sandama and Chiromo.
Witu Forest
The Witu Forest, is a protected area in Lamu District, Kenya, East Africa. It was formed in 1927 by combining the Utwani Forest Reserve with the adjacent Gongoni Forest Reserve, although the previous names remained in use. The independent Kenyan government confirmed the reservation, gazetting the forest in 1962, with 701 hectares (1,732 acres) more gazetted in 2002. The forest covers 4,639 hectares (11,463 acres) of gazetted land, with approximately 900 hectares (2,224 acres) of additional un gazetted, but enclosed, forest. The adjacent Mungajini Forest on the Nairobi Ranch contains approximately 1,100 hectares (2,718 acres). As of 2007, there was no management plan for the forest, although it is to be managed under the Forests Act, 2005, by the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) which replaced the prior Forest Department in 2005.

Kenya Forest Service
The Kenya Forest Service is an agency of the Government of Kenya designated by the Forest Act of 2005 as the replacement for the old Forest Department. It is overseen by the Board of the Kenya Forest Service. The former Forest Department was supported almost entirely from forest revenues, and was, as a result, chronically underfunded. Under the 2005 Forest Act this has changed somewhat, with for example, the creation of special funds such as the Water Towers Conservation Fund, a portion of which goes to forest rehabilitation, and the Mau Rehabilitation Trust Fund, for the Mau Forest. As of 2003, Kenya had 1.57 million hectares of gazetted forest.
Yolanda Varela
Yolanda Varela was a Mexican actress. Born in Mexico City on 30 March 1930, she started acting at a very early age. She studied ballet in the National Institute of the Performing Arts. Varela was the leading actress in many Mexican films and some Spanish/Mexican co-productions.

Among her more important films were: Dos tipos de cuidado (1953), Llamas Contra el Viento and El Niño y el Muro (1965). She co-starred with such actors as Daniel Gélin, Arturo de Córdova, Jorge Mistral, Manolo Fabregas, Ernesto Alonso, Pedro Vargas, Fernando Soler, Resortes, Clavillazo, German Valdez Tintan Enrique Rambal, Miguel Aceves Mejía, Joaquín Cordero, among others.

Fernando Soler
Fernando Díaz Pavia (24 May 1896 – 25 October 1979), better known by the stage name Fernando Soler, was a Mexican actor, director, screenwriter, and producer. He was considered one of the most important figures of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. In his career spanning over sixty years, Soler appeared as an actor in more than one hundred motion pictures.
Baháʼí Faith in Cameroon
The Baháʼí Faith in Cameroon was established when the country was separated into two colonies - British and French Cameroon. The first Baháʼí in Cameroon was Enoch Olinga, who had left his homeland of Uganda to bring the religion to British Cameroon in 1953. Meherangiz Munsiff, a young Indian woman who had moved from Britain, arrived in French Cameroon April 1954 - both Olinga and Munsiff were honoured with the title Knight of Baháʼu'lláh. In 2003 Baháʼís estimated there were 40,000 adherents of the religion in the country. The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated about 50800 Baháʼís in 2005.

French Cameroon
French Cameroon, also known as the French Cameroons (French: Cameroun), was a French mandate territory in Central Africa. It now forms part of the independent country of Cameroon.

French Cameroon was created from the eastern part of the former German colony of Cameroon (German: Deutsche Kolonie Kamerun). Its status, from 1919, was that of a ‘mandated territory’ of the League of Nations (LON), later becoming a ‘trust territory’ under the United Nations (UN). It was also a member of the French Union as an associated territory, then a trust state of Cameroon, and finally a member state of the French Community.
2010 Tennislife Cup – Singles
Frederico Gil was the defending champion but lost in the second round to Andreas Haider-Maurer.
Fabio Fognini won this tournament, after Boris Pašanski´s retirement in the final, when the result was 6–4, 4–2 for the Italian player.

Andreas Haider-Maurer
Andreas Haider-Maurer (German pronunciation: [anˈdʁeːas ˈhaɪdɐ ˈmaʊʁɐ]; born 22 March 1987) is a retired professional tennis player from Austria.

In the first round of the 2010 US Open, he forced world No. 5 Robin Söderling to a fifth set before losing the match. That same year, Haider-Maurer reached the final of his home tournament in Vienna. He lost to compatriot, defending champion and top seed Jürgen Melzer.

In late 2015, Haider-Maurer suffered a right heel injury and it eventually turned out that he missed the whole 2016 season. He retired in January 2019 after 3 years of injury problems.

Haider-Maurer won 9 Challenger events and reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 47 in April 2015.
Mamá Tingó
Mamá Tingó (born Florinda Muñoz Soriano; November 8, 1921 – November 1, 1974) was a Dominican activist leader and defender of the rural farming community in the Dominican Republic. She was assassinated fighting against the unjust plunder of the resident farmers’ land in Hato Viejo in Yamasá during the second government under Joaquín Balaguer one of the presidents of the Dominican Republic.

Yamasá
Yamasá is a municipality (municipio) of the Monte Plata province in the Dominican Republic. It includes the municipal district (distrito municipal) of Los Botados.
Yamasa is north of the capital city of Santo Domingo. The Rio Ozama, one of Dominican Republic's longest rivers, passes through Yamasa.
Urbánek
Urbánek (feminine Urbánková) is a surname of Czech and Slovak origin, derived from the name Urban. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleš Urbánek (born 1980), Czech footballer

Jim Urbanek (1945–2009), American football player

Johann Urbanek (1910–2000), Austrian footballer

Karel Urbánek (born 1941), Czech communist politician

Naďa Urbánková (1939–2023), Czech singer

Petra Urbánková (born 1991), Czech track and field sprinter

Robert Urbanek (born 1987), Polish discus thrower

Růžena Urbánková (1912–?), Czech politician

Robert Urbanek
Robert Urbanek (born 29 April 1987) is a Polish athlete specializing in the discus throw.  His personal best in the event is 66.93 meters, achieved in 2012 in Halle.

He competed for Poland at the 2012 Summer Olympics, failing to qualify for the final. His biggest achievement to date is the bronze medal at the 2015 World Championships in Beijing.
Bezděčí u Trnávky
Bezděčí u Trnávky is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Bezděčí u Trnávky lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Svitavy, 81 km (50 mi) south-east of Pardubice, and 174 km (108 mi) east of Prague.

Pardubice
Pardubice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpardubɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Pardubitz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.

Pardubice is known as a centre of industry, with dominant industries being the chemical industry, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. The city is also well known for its sporting events, which include the Velká pardubická (a cross-country steeplechase), the Golden Helmet of Pardubice in motorcycle racing, and the Czech Open international chess and board games festival.
National Redemption Front
The National Redemption Front (NRF) is an alliance of opposition groups in Darfur, Sudan. According to their foundation declaration, the NRF consists of the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), a holdout faction of the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Sudan Federal Democratic Alliance (SFDA). The NRF opposes the Darfur Peace Agreement, signed by the SLA faction led by Minni Minnawi and the Sudanese government on 5 May 2006. The group was formed in late June 2006, after the Abuja Agreement and is led by Ahmed Diraige.

The NRF represents a substantial portion of the opposition forces in Darfur. The African Union, the Sudanese government and other international "partners" in the Darfur Peace Agreement do not recognize their abstention from signing the peace agreement as legitimate.

Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.
Vacha, Russia
Vacha (Russian: Вача) is the name of several inhabited localities (work settlements and settlements) in Russia.

Urban localities

Vacha, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a work settlement in Vachsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Rural localities

Vacha, Republic of Karelia, a settlement in Segezhsky District of the Republic of Karelia

Segezhsky District
Segezhsky District (Russian: Сеге́жский райо́н; Karelian: Segežan piiri) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic. The area of the district is 10,700 square kilometers (4,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Segezha. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 41,215, with the population of Segezha accounting for 71.9% of that number.
Hotter than July
Hotter than July is the nineteenth studio album by American singer, songwriter, and musician Stevie Wonder, released on September 29, 1980, by Tamla, a subsidiary of Motown Records. Wonder primarily recorded the album in Los Angeles, California, at Wonderland Studios, which he had recently acquired. The album peaked at number three on the Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on February 3, 1981. It was Wonder's most successful album in the UK, where it peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and produced four top-10 singles. Music videos were produced for the album's first, third, and fourth singles.

The album was nominated for Favorite Soul/R&B Album at the 1982 American Music Awards.

American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Album
The American Music Award for Favorite Album – Soul/R&B has been awarded since 1974. Years reflect the year in which the awards were presented, for works released in the previous year (until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year). The all-time winner in this category is Michael Jackson with 4 wins. Beyoncé has the most nominations with 7. While the start and end dates for the usage of the category Favorite Black Album are unclear, in 1985 the name was used for the award Prince was given for his album Purple Rain.
Frederick Scourse
Rear Admiral Frederick Peter Scourse CB MBE FREng (born 23 June 1944) is a former Royal Navy officer who became Acting Controller of the Navy. He was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2000.

Royal Academy of Engineering
The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering.

The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior fellow and remained so until his death. The Fellowship was incorporated and granted a royal charter on 17 May 1983 and became the Royal Academy of Engineering on 16 March 1992. It is governed according to the charter and associated statutes and regulations (as amended from time to time). In June 2024 His Majesty the King became Patron of the Academy.
Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company
The Maxim-Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company was the result of a takeover by Hiram Maxim of Thorsten Nordenfelt's Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company in 1888. Rothschild issued £1.9 million (1888) (equivalent to £264.26 million or US$328.46 million in 2023) worth of shares to finance the merger. Nathan Rothschild retained a substantial shareholding in the new Maxim-Nordenfelt combine and ‘exerted a direct influence over its management’.

Rothschild & Co
Rothschild & Co SCA is a multinational private and alternative assets investor, headquartered in Paris, France, and London, England. It is the flagship of the Rothschild banking group controlled by the French and British branches of the Rothschild family.

The banking business of the firm covers the areas of investment banking, restructuring, corporate banking, private equity, asset management, and private banking. It is also known to serve as the advisor and lender to governments and major corporations. In addition, the firm has its own investment account in private equity.

Rothschild's financial advisory division is known to serve British nobility as well as the British royal family. Past chairman Sir Evelyn Robert de Rothschild was the personal financial advisor of Queen Elizabeth II, and she knighted him in 1989 for his services to banking and finance.
USNS Bowditch (T-AGS-62)
USNS Bowditch (T-AGS 62) is a Pathfinder-class survey ship. She is the third ship in the class. Bowditch is a part of a 29 ship Special Mission Ship program and operates in the South China Sea. She is named after mathematician Nathaniel Bowditch.

Survey vessel
A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.
Silvia Monfort
Silvia Monfort (French pronunciation: [silvja mɔ̃fɔʁ]; born Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin French pronunciation: [simɔn maʁɡəʁit favʁ bɛʁtɛ̃]; 6 June 1923 – 30 March 1991) was a French stage and film actress, theatre director, and cultural organizer. She was noted for her performances in classical tragedy, her leadership in establishing multidisciplinary theatrical institutions, and her recognition with national honours.

She was named a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1973, an Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in 1979, and a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in 1983. She died of lung cancer in 1991 and was buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

She was the daughter of medalist Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin and was married to Pierre Gruneberg.

Medalist
A medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, metal medallions, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. Historically, medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually either sculptors or goldsmiths by background. In modern times, medalists are mostly primarily sculptors of larger works, but in the past the number of medals and coins produced were sufficient to support specialists who spent most of their career producing them. From the 19th century, the education of a medalist often began with time as an engraver, or a formal education in an academy, particularly modeling and portraiture. On coins, a mark or symbol signifying the medalist as the original designer was often included in a hidden location and is not to be mistaken for the symbol of the mint master. Artistic medals and plaquettes are often signed prominently by the artist.
Asaluyeh
Asaluyeh (Persian: عسلويه) is a city in the Central District of Asaluyeh County, Bushehr province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is also the administrative center for Asaluyeh Rural District. The village of Asaluyeh was converted to a city in 2003.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Luis Padrón
Luis "El Mulo" Padrón Otorena (ca. 1878 – 1939) was a Cuban professional baseball corner outfielder, pitcher and third baseman in the Negro leagues and Cuban League.

Padron played from 1902 to 1917 with several Cuban ballclubs, including Habana, San Francisco, Club Fé, San Francisco Park, and Almendares. He played in the Negro leagues in 1909 and 1911 for the Cuban Stars (West), and in 1915 and 1916 for the Long Branch/Jersey City/Poughkeepsie Cubans.

Padron also played in the Minor leagues, playing in the South Atlantic League, Connecticut State League, Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, Ohio–Pennsylvania League, New York–New Jersey League, and the Atlantic League.

He was elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1943.

Connecticut League
The Connecticut League, also known as the Connecticut State League, was a professional baseball association of teams in the state of Connecticut. The league was a minor league for most of its existence. It began as offshoot of the original Connecticut State League, which dates back as far as 1884. In 1891, the Connecticut State League included the Ansonia Cuban Giants, a team made up of entirely African-American ballplayers, including future Hall-of-Famers Frank Grant and Sol White. In 1902, it was a Class D league with teams in eight cities. In 1905, the league became Class B, which lasted until 1913, when the league became the Eastern Association due to several teams outside of the state entering the league. Also a Class B league, it survived two more seasons, then folded after the 1914 season.
Derveni, Thessaloniki
Derveni (Greek: Δερβένι) is a location in Mygdonia, Greece, between Efkarpia and Lagyna, approximately ten kilometers north-east of Thessaloniki. At Derveni an archeological site is located where a necropolis was discovered, part of a cemetery of the ancient city of Lete. Valuable artifacts were uncovered at this site, including the Derveni papyrus and Derveni krater.

Lagyna
Lagyna (Greek: Λαγυνά) is a village and a community of the Lagkadas municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Lagkadas, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 3,552 inhabitants in the village. The community of Lagyna covers an area of 13.435 km2.

According to the statistics of Vasil Kanchov ("Macedonia, Ethnography and Statistics"), 700 Greek Christians lived in the village in 1900.
Β-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
β-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone and neuropeptide. It is a melanocortin, specifically, one of the three types of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and is produced from proopiomelanocortin (POMC). It is an agonist of the MC1, MC3, MC4, and MC5 receptors. It contains 23 amino acid residues.

β-MSH is also known to decrease food intake in animals such as rats, chicken due to the effect of proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Research was performed to see the effect β-MSH has on chicks, and it has been found that chicks responded with a decrease in food and water intake when treated with β-MSH. The experiment showed that β-MSH causes anorexigenic effects in chicks.

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
Paragaleus
Paragaleus is a genus of weasel shark in the family Hemigaleidae. This genus has a rounded or slightly pointed snout, short gill slits, and a broadly arched mouth. The upper teeth have long cusps, and no toothless spaces occur at the jaw midlines. The dorsal and pelvic fins and the lower caudal lobe are not falchate in shape. Known fossil species include P. pulchellus and P. antunesi.

Whitetip weasel shark (Paragaleus leucolomatus) Compagno & Smale, 1985 (whitetip weasel shark)

Atlantic weasel shark (Paragaleus pectoralis) (Garman, 1906) (Atlantic weasel shark)

Slender weasel shark (Paragaleus randalli) Compagno, Krupp & K. E. Carpenter, 1996 (slender weasel shark)

Straight-tooth weasel shark (Paragaleus tengi) (J. S. T. F. Chen, 1963) (straight-tooth weasel shark)

Leonard Compagno
Leonard Joseph Victor Compagno (4 December 1943 in San Francisco - 25 September 2024) was an international authority on shark taxonomy and the author of many scientific papers and books on the subject, best known of which is his 1984 catalogue of shark species produced for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Compagno was mentioned in the credits of the 1975 film Jaws along with the National Geographic Society.