hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miyoshi Masanaga
Miyoshi Masanaga (三好 政長; 1508 – July 18, 1549) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, a member of the Miyoshi clan who served as Hosokawa Harumoto. He is remembered as the cousin of Miyoshi Nagayoshi. Masanaga had very strong relations with the Ikeda clan, as Ikeda Nagamasa was his son-in-law. Due to this strong relation between the families, Chokei considered him a threat. After 1548, Masanaga engaged in a major battle against his cousin, which ended in Chokei's victory. Masanaga's whereabouts after this battle are unknown.

Ikeda clan
Ikeda clan (Japanese: 池田氏, Hepburn: Ikeda-shi) was a Japanese clan that claimed descent from Minamoto no Yorimitsu (948-1021) of the Seiwa Genji. Minamoto no Yasumasa, the fourth generation descending from Yorimitsu, and younger brother of Minamoto no Yorimasa (1104-1180), was the first to call himself 'Ikeda'.

In the Edo period, several of the clan's branches were daimyō families, most notably of the Tottori Domain and Okayama Domain. Takamasa Ikeda, former head of the Okayama Ikeda house was the husband of Atsuko Ikeda, fourth daughter of Emperor Shōwa. Inryoji Temple was built during the reign of Ikeda Tadakatsu.
AP Microeconomics
Advanced Placement (AP) Microeconomics (also known as AP Micro and AP Microecon) is a course offered by the College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program for high school students interested in college-level coursework in microeconomics and/or gaining advanced standing in college. The course begins with a study of fundamental economic concepts such as scarcity, opportunity costs, production possibilities, specialization, and comparative advantage. Major topics include the nature and functions of product markets; factor markets; and efficiency, equity, and the role of government. AP Microeconomics is often taken in conjunction with or after AP Macroeconomics.

Transfer credit
Transfer credit, credit transfer, and advanced standing are the terms used by colleges and universities for the procedure of granting credit to a student for educational experiences or courses undertaken at another institution. This is a subset of recognition of prior learning (which also includes prior work or non-institutional experience for credit).

"Advanced standing" is also used to describe the status of a student granted credit, as distinct from normal course entrants who commence the stream of study at the beginning.
E. Roscoe Shrader
E. Roscoe Shrader (14 December 1878 – 18 January 1960) was an American painter and art instructor known for his colorful, post-impressionistic landscapes, figures, and still lifes. He was head of faculty at the Otis Art Institute from 1919 to 1949, and was the president of the California Art Club (CAC) from 1924 to 1930, and again in 1934.  He formed the Group of Eight, which included painters such as Mabel Alvarez, at his studio in Hollywood, California.

Otis College of Art and Design
Otis College of Art and Design is a private art and design school in Los Angeles, California, United States. Established in 1918, it was the city's first independent professional school of art. The main campus is located in the former IBM Aerospace headquarters at 9045 Lincoln Boulevard in Westchester, Los Angeles. The school's programs, accredited by the WSCUC and National Association of Schools of Art and Design, include BFA and MFA degrees.
Schladern (Sieg) station
Schladern (Sieg) is a station on the Sieg Railway in Windeck-Schladern in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The station building was built in 1859 and has monument protection. It was built on a section of the Sieg Railway that was opened by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company (German: Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) between Eitorf and Wissen on 1 August 1861. It has two platform tracks and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

Wissen
Wissen (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪsn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the river Sieg, approximately 12 km northeast of Altenkirchen.

Wissen is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Wissen.
Arphaxed Loomis
Arphaxed Loomis (April 9, 1798 – September 15, 1885) was an American lawyer and judge.  He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing New York's 16th district during the 25th Congress (1837–1839). His unusual first name is from a character in the Bible, a grandson of Noah named Arphacshad.

Arpachshad
Arpachshad (Hebrew: אַרְפַּכְשַׁד – ʾArpaḵšaḏ, in pausa אַרְפַּכְשָׁד‎ – ʾArpaḵšāḏ; Greek: Ἀρφαξάδ – Arphaxád), alternatively spelled Arphaxad or Arphacsad, was one of the five sons of Shem, the son of Noah (Genesis 10:22, 24; 11:10-13; 1 Chron. 1:17-18). His brothers were Elam, Asshur, Lud and Aram; he is an ancestor of Abraham. He is said by Gen. 11:10 to have been born two years after the Flood, when Shem was 100.

His name also appears in later books, including the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament.
Joseph Richter Villa
The Joseph Richter Villa is in Łódź, Poland at Skorupki Street (formerly Placowa St.) 10/12, in Bishop Michał Klepacz Park. It is a listed historical monument.

Designed by Piotr Brukalski, the villa was constructed for Joseph Richter in 1888–89. The building, following the standards of the Italian Renaissance, has a loggia facing the garden. It was designed as a single family residence. It shared a park with the neighbouring villa of Reinhold Richter.

In 1933, the villa was the residence of Łódź voivode Aleksander Hauke-Nowak. In 1939, Gertrude Paula Ramisch (the last member of the Richter family) sold the villa with the furniture and homeware to Helmut Biedermann. After the Second World War, the building became an orphanage, Thereafter, Lodz University of Technology bought it and kept it a seat of the International Faculty of Engineering until 2007. Since 2009, the building has been the seat for the rector’s administration.

Villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside.
Csaba Kovács
Csaba Kovacs (born 18 March 1984) is a Hungarian professional ice hockey player who is currently playing with Újpesti TE of the Erste Liga. He previously spent the entirety of his career with Alba Volán Székesfehérvár who competed in the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL) before joining MAC Budapest in 2016.

Fehérvár AV19
Hydro Fehérvár AV19 is a Hungarian professional ice hockey team that plays in the Austrian win2day ICE Hockey League. They were founded in 1960 and played from 1978 in the Hungarian Országos Bajnokság I through sorts of affiliations until 2012, claiming the Championship on 13 occasions. They play their home games at Ifjabb Ocskay Gábor Ice Hall in Székesfehérvár.  In 2009, the club was renamed after the main sponsor Sapa Profiles Kft Hungary, the Hungarian subsidiary of a Swedish aluminum group. The club did not have a main naming sponsor for a couple of years before 2019, however, in 2019 Hydro Extrusion Hungary Kft, the Hungarian subsidiary of the Norwegian company became the new naming sponsor, thus naming the club Hydro Fehérvár AV19.
Milarepa Cave, Gandaki
Milarepa Cave or Milerepa Cave is a cave associated with Milarepa in Nepal on the Annapurna Circuit at approximately 13,450 feet (4,100 m) just outside Manang. It is credited to have been the residence of the famous Tibetan Buddhism siddha Milarepa during his stay in 11th century in what is now modern-day northern Nepal. This site also includes a holy spring and a gompa. The cave is located beyond the gompa, with locals praying from the edge of a glacial moraine in direct line of sight of the cave as its approach is on a steep scree slope.

A bow can be seen hanging from the nearby cliff. The bow is purportedly from the local hunter named Kera Gompa Dorjee, who tried to kill Milarepa over an argument about slaying animals. Milarepa taught the hunter causation and compassion through a Buddhist song, which became the classic hymn known as Milarepa's Song to the Hunter. According to local folklore, this is the site of this famous tale.

Milarepa
Jetsun Milarepa (Tibetan: རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པ་, Wylie: rje btsun mi la ras pa, 1028/40–1111/23) was a Tibetan siddha, who was famously known as a murderer when he was a young man, before turning to Buddhism and becoming a highly accomplished Buddhist disciple. He is generally considered one of Tibet's most famous yogis and spiritual poets, whose teachings are known among several schools of Tibetan Buddhism. He was a student of Marpa Lotsawa, and a major figure in the history of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. He is also famous for the feat of climbing Mount Kailash.
Woren
Woren (Chinese: 倭仁; pinyin: Wōrén), alternatively rendered as Wesin (Manchu: ᠸᡝᠰᡳᠨ, romanized: wesin; 1804 – 8 June 1871), courtesy name Genfeng (艮峰), posthumous name Wenduan (文端), was an official of China's Qing dynasty. He was from the Mongol Ucigeri clan and belonged to the Plain Red Banner of the Eight Banners.

Born in a banner garrison family in Henan, Woren obtained the highest degree (jinshi) in the imperial examination and was selected a shujishi of the Hanlin Academy in 1829. He served as tutor of the Tongzhi Emperor.

Woren was a famous opponent of the Self-Strengthening Movement. He rejected the ti-yong idea.

Hanlin Academy
The Hanlin Academy was an academic and administrative institution of higher learning founded in the 8th century Tang China by Emperor Xuanzong in Chang'an. It has also been translated as "College of Literature" and "Academy of the Forest of Pencils."

Membership in the academy was confined to an elite group of scholars, who performed secretarial and literary tasks for the court. One of its primary duties was to decide on an interpretation of the Chinese classics. This formed the basis of the Imperial examinations, which aspiring government bureaucrats had to pass to attain higher-level government posts. Painters working for the court were also attached to the academy.
Moursund (surname)
Moursund is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert W. Moursund III (1919–2002), American lawyer and politician

Albert Wadel Hansen Moursund (1845–1927), American judge and politician

Anton N. Moursund (1877–1965), American judge and politician

David Moursund (1936–2021), American mathematician, computer scientist, and educator

James Moursund (b. 1994), American Catholic Seminarian and Classical Musician

Kristian Moursund (1853–1892), Norwegian lawyer and politician

Travis Bruce Moursund (1901–1959), American politician

Albert Wadel Hansen Moursund
Albert Wadel Hansen Moursund (May 13, 1845 – December 29, 1927) was an American judge and politician.

Moursund was born in Norway and emigrated to the United States in 1869. He settled in Austin, Texas. In 1873, Moursand was admitted to the Texas bar and practiced law in Blanco, Texas. He served in the Texas House of Representatives from 1881 to 1885 and was a Democrat. Moursund also served as Texas District Court judge. Morsrund was a Texas Ranger and fought in the Indian Wars. Moursund died at his home in Fredericksburg, Texas.
Hackford Road
Hackford Road is a road in Oval, Lambeth, south London, England. It runs north–south and is located between Clapham Road (A3) to the west and Brixton Road (A23) to the east. To the north is the Oval tube station.

The artist Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) lived at 87 Hackford Road, then the house of Ursula Loyer and her daughter Eugenie, in 1873 and 1874. He wrote to his brother Theo van Gogh from this address. He arrived in London to start work at the art dealership Goupil & Co. in Southampton Street, central London, on 19 May 1873.

From August of that year, van Gogh lived in Hackford Road. His stay is now recorded with a blue plaque, installed a hundred years later in 1973. He sketched the Georgian terrace opposite Durand School in Hackford Road during the 1870s.
There is a small conservation area, first designated in 1974, which includes the house where van Gogh lived.

The Type Museum, opened in 1992, is located at 100 Hackford Road, at the southern end.

Oval tube station
Oval is a London Underground station in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is on the Northern line between Kennington and Stockwell stations, and is in London fare zone 2. The station opened on 18 December 1890 as part of the City and South London Railway and is named after The Oval cricket ground, recognised as the first international cricket ground and home of Surrey County Cricket Club, which it serves.

The station features cricket-themed decorative elements, including murals, statues and banners. Due to the range of sporting events held at the Oval, the station is used by visitors from the United Kingdom and abroad, particularly during cricket matches.
Siculeni
Siculeni  (Hungarian: Madéfalva, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɒdeːfɒlvɒ]) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The Siculicidium took place here.

The commune is composed of a single village, Siculeni. In 2004, four villages broke off to form Ciceu and Racu Communes.

Harghita County
Harghita County (Romanian: Județul Harghita, Romanian pronunciation: [harˈɡita] ⓘ and Hungarian: Hargita megye, pronounced [ˈhɒrɡitɒ]) is a county (județ) in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc.
Ghezaal Enayat
Ghezaal Enayat (Pashto/Dari:  غزال عنایت) is an Afghan singer and songwriter. She rose to fame with her first duet song "Dil-e Beqarar". She sings both in Pashto and Dari languages. She was born in Kabul. Her father is from Laghman and her mother is from Kandahar.

Laghman Province
Laghmān (Pashto, Dari: لغمان), historically known as Lamghan, or Lamghanat, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country. It has a population of about 502,148, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. Laghman hosts a large number of historical landmarks, minarets, monuments, and other cultural relics that are manifestation of its old history and culture. The city of Mihtarlam serves as the capital of the province.

In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
West Fork Smith River
The West Fork Smith River is a tributary, about 10 miles (16 km) long, of the Smith River in Douglas County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins in the Central Oregon Coast Range near Roman Nose Mountain and flows generally south to meet the larger river 35 miles (56 km) from its confluence with the Umpqua River near Reedsport. The entire course of the river lies within the Siuslaw National Forest.

The river supports populations of Chinook and coho salmon, steelhead, cutthroat trout, and lamprey. Fishing in Oregon, a sportfishing guide, describes the river as "a beautiful wild trout stream".

Degraded in past decades by logging, splash dams, and in-stream debris removal, the stream has been chosen for restoration. Using grant money from the state, the Partnership for Umpqua Rivers has been placing thousands of boulders in the streambed to improve the spawning, rearing, and refugia habitat for fish. The project involves a 4.5-mile (7.2 km) stretch of the river.

Douglas County, Oregon
Douglas County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 111,201. The county seat is Roseburg. The county is named after Stephen A. Douglas, an American politician who supported Oregon statehood. Douglas County comprises the Roseburg, Oregon micropolitan statistical area. In area, Douglas County is the largest county west of the Oregon Cascades.
Mihăești, Argeș
Mihăești is a commune in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Drăghici, Furnicoși, Mihăești, Rudeni, Valea Bradului, Valea Popii, and Văcarea.

The Râul Târgului crosses the commune from north to south.

Râul Târgului
The Râul Târgului is a left tributary of the river Râul Doamnei in Romania. Its source is near the Păpușa Peak, in the Iezer Mountains. It discharges into the Râul Doamnei between Micești and Mioveni. Its upper course, upstream from the confluence with the Bătrâna, is also called Cuca. Its length is 72 km (45 mi) and its basin size is 1,096 km2 (423 sq mi).
Saturn Returns (play)
Saturn Returns is a 2008 dramatic play by Noah Haidle. It tells the story of one man, Gustin Novak, aged 28, 58 and 88, and his relationship with the central women in his life. It is based on the astrological concept of the Saturn return. Gustin is played by three different men, whilst the same woman plays his wife when he is 28, his daughter when he is 58, and his carer when he is 88.

The play premiered in New York in 2008, and had its European premiere in November 2010 at London's Finborough Theatre.

Saturn return
In horoscopic astrology, a Saturn return is an astrological transit that occurs when the planet Saturn returns to the same ecliptic longitude that it occupied at the moment of a person's birth. While the planet may not first reach the exact location until the person is 29 or 30 years old, the influence of the Saturn return is considered to start in the person's late twenties, notably the age of 27.

Psychologically, the first Saturn return is seen as the time of reaching full adulthood, and being faced, perhaps for the first time, with adult challenges and responsibilities.
Jeffrey Walker (director)
Jeffrey Walker (born 10 July 1982) is an Australian director and former actor, best known to the Australian public for his appearances as a child actor in Ocean Girl and Round the Twist. He moved on to direct episodes of Australian soaps Neighbours, Home and Away, and H2O: Just Add Water, and now directs feature films and TV series in Australia and the US. He is married to American-born Australian actress Brooke Harman-Walker.

The Clearing (TV series)
The Clearing is an Australian psychological thriller  miniseries produced for Disney+ and inspired by the dark story of a real-life cult with a female leader. The series premiered on 24 May 2023 on Disney+ and Hulu. Directed by Jeffrey Walker and Gracie Otto, it is based on the book In the Clearing by J. P. Pomare, a fictionalised account of the Australian cult group The Family, and stars Miranda Otto, Teresa Palmer, and Guy Pearce.
Sivaslı
Sivaslı, formerly known as Sebaste (Greek: Σεβαστή) is a town in Uşak Province in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sivaslı District. Its population is 7,082 (2022). Sebaste ancient city area is 2 km (1.2 mi) away from Sivaslı town center today.

The ancient city of Sebaste was founded by Roman Emperor Augustus in 20 AD, and was one of the 12 important cities of Roman Phrygia. Under the Byzantine Empire, the city turned into a regional bishop seat. There are remains of Byzantine buildings from the 6th and 10th century, including two large basilicas.

Uşak Province
Uşak (Turkish: Uşak ili) is a province in western Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Manisa to the west, Denizli to the south, Afyon to the east, and Kütahya to the north. The provincial capital is Uşak, and its licence location code is 64. Its area is 5,555 km2, and its population is 390,000 (2026).

In August 2018, the province decided to stop running digital advertisement on United States based social media platforms like Facebook, Google, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube canceling all of the budget as a response to the U.S. sanctions on Turkey. The U.S. sanctions were over the detention of the Pastor Andrew Brunson.
Fagaoalii Satele Sunia
Fagaoalii Lefagaoali'i Satele Sunia (c. 1946 – September 5, 2015) was an American Samoan literacy advocate and educator. She served as the First Lady of American Samoa from January 1997 to March 2003 during the tenure of her husband, former Governor Tauese Sunia, who died in office in 2003. Sunia established and operated the Read to Me Samoa Program to promote reading in American Samoa. She also created the Tauese P. Sunia Memorial, a museum and visitor attraction dedicated to her late husband located at her home in Tutuila.

Sunia was one of the few women to be ordained a deacon in the Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa.

Fagaʻalu, American Samoa
Fagaʻalu is a village in central Tutuila Island, American Samoa. It is also known as Fagaʻalo. It is located on the eastern shore of Pago Pago Harbor, to the south of Pago Pago. American Samoa's lone hospital, Lyndon B. Johnson Tropical Medical Center, is located in Fagaʻalu. The village is centered around Fagaalu Stream.

Fagaʻalu has been named one of the best places to surf in American Samoa. It is one of thirteen villages in American Samoa that have been declared Marine Protected Areas.
Promise Keeper
"Promise Keeper" is a song performed by American contemporary Christian singer Hope Darst. The song was released to Christian radio in the United States on December 26, 2020, as the second single from her debut studio album, Peace Be Still (2020). Darst co-wrote the song with Andrew Holt and Mia Fieldes. Jonathan Smith produced the single.

"Promise Keeper" peaked at No. 26 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart. "Promise Keeper" received a nomination for the GMA Dove Award Inspirational Recorded Song of the Year at the 2021 GMA Dove Awards.

Mia Fieldes
Mia Leanne Cherie Fieldes (born 29 January 1983), is an Australian Christian musician. Her first album, There's a Reason, was released by herself in 2009. She signed with Provident Label Group, where their imprint Essential Worship, released her debut extended play, Ashes, in 2015.
Miyazaki 3rd district
Miyazaki 3rd district (宮崎県第3区, Miyazaki-ken dai-sanku  or simply 宮崎3区, Miyazaki-sanku ) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan located in Miyazaki Prefecture.

Nishimorokata District, Miyazaki
Nishimorokata (西諸県郡, Nishimorokata-gun) is a district located in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

Following the March 23, 2010 Nojiri merger the district consists since then of the single town of Takaharu. As of October 1, 2019 the district has an estimated population of 8,709 and a density of 102 persons per km2. The total area is 85.39 km2.
Mohana (community)
The Mohana (Sindhi: مُوهاڻا), Mohano (singular) (Sindhi: موهاڻو) or Mallah, Mirbahar, Mirani, Med and Gandra (ملاح، میربحر، میراڻی), is an ancient fishermen community of Sindhi people who live in the coastal Pakistani areas of Sindh and Balochistan.

Fisherman
A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.

Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishers and fish farmers. Fishermen may be professional or recreational. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.