hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election
An election for the leadership of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party was triggered on November 7, 2011 following Dwain Lingenfelter's resignation after losing his seat in the 2011 election. The party selected its new leader on March 9, 2013, by a one-member one vote system held during a convention at TCU Place in Saskatoon.

Danielle Chartier
Danielle Chartier is a former Canadian politician. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in a by-election on September 21, 2009, representing the electoral district of Saskatoon Riversdale as a member of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party. She was reelected in the 2011 and 2016 provincial elections. Chartier did not seek re-election in the 2020 provincial election.
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the 7 U.S. representatives from the state of South Carolina, one from each of the state's 7 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including Governor of South Carolina.

Joe Wilson
Addison Graves "Joe" Wilson Sr. (born July 31, 1947) is an American politician and attorney serving as the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 2nd congressional district since 2001. A member of the Republican Party, his district stretches from Columbia to the Georgia–South Carolina border. He served as the South Carolina state senator from the 23rd district from 1985 to 2001.

Wilson is a member of the House Republican Policy Committee and an assistant Republican whip.

In September 2009, Wilson interrupted a speech by U.S. President Barack Obama to a joint session of Congress, shouting, "You lie!" The incident resulted in a reprimand by the House of Representatives.
Nadi (Open Constituency, Fiji)
Nadi Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity).  Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. It was located in the western part of the main island of Viti Levu.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

Communal constituencies
Until the abolishment of communal constituencies in the Fijian electoral system in 2014, there was very little cross-ethnic voting in Fiji. In communal constituencies, electors enrolled as ethnic Fijians, Indo-Fijians, Rotuman Islanders, or General electors (Europeans, Chinese, Banaba Islanders, and others) vote for a candidate of their own respective ethnic groups, in constituencies that have been reserved by ethnicity. Other methods of choosing parliamentarians came and went, but this feature was a constant until their final abolition in the 2013 Constitution.
Antoni Libera
Antoni Libera (born 19 April 1949 in Warsaw) is a Polish writer, translator, literary critic, and theatre director. He graduated from Warsaw University and received his Ph.D. from the Polish Academy of Sciences. He is a member of the Pen Club, the Polish Writers Association (Stowarzyszenie Pisarzy Polskich), and the American Samuel Beckett Society.

Znak (publisher)
Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy „Znak” (English, "Znak Social Publishing Institute") is one of the largest Polish book publishing companies.  It is related to the Catholic Church in Poland and publishes books in fields including fiction, poetry, non-fiction, and children's books. The company employs about 50 people and generates an annual sales turnover of $27.72 million.
Claimants union
A claimants union is a grassroots organisation based on self-help and mutual support to enable those entitled to welfare benefits to make successful claims for that benefit. They were particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom following the establishment of the British welfare state. A claimant, in the context of insurance, is a policyholder who files a claim or formal request for payment from their insurer to cover a specific loss.

Welfare state in the United Kingdom
The welfare state of the United Kingdom began to evolve in the 1900s and early 1910s, and comprises expenditures by the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland intended to improve health, education, employment and social security. The British system has been classified as a liberal welfare state system.
Charity Foundation for the Blind in Thailand
The Charity Foundation for the Blind in Thailand (CFBT) is a non-profit charitable organization helping blind people and employing staff in Thailand regardless of gender, race or religion. It was founded in 1978 by Prayat Punong-ong, a blind man who taught 13 blind children in a rental house in Khon Kaen Province.

In 2024, the name was changed to The Charity Foundation for the Blind in Thailand (CFBT)  to better reflect its mission and dedication to supporting people with visual impairments across the country. The foundation continues its work to improve the quality of life for the blind through various programs, including education, rehabilitation, and community integration initiatives.

CFBT declares its mission to provide professional services and management to the visually impaired, improving their quality of life and helping them to live in harmony with themselves and other people.

Khon Kaen province
Khon Kaen (Thai: ขอนแก่น, pronounced [kʰɔ̌ːn kɛ̀n]; Northeastern Thai: ขอนแก่น, pronounced [kʰɔ̌ːn kɛ́n]) is one of Thailand's 76 provinces (changwat). It is a triply-landlocked province in central northeastern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north, clockwise) Nong Bua Lamphu, Udon Thani, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham, Buriram, Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum, Phetchabun, and Loei.
Tampa Bay Extreme
The Tampa Bay Extreme were a USL W-League women's soccer club based out of Clearwater, Florida. The team began play in 1997 and folded after the 2002 season. In 1998, they signed Michelle Akers. Based at the 2,000-seater sports field at Countryside High School, the team colors were white and red.

USL W-League (1995–2015)
The USL W-League was a North American  amateur women's soccer developmental organization. The league was a semi-professional, open league, giving college players the opportunity to play alongside established international players while maintaining their collegiate eligibility. The league was administered by the United Soccer Leagues system (the USL), which also oversees the men's United Soccer League and Premier Development League. The W-League announced on November 6, 2015, that it would cease operation ahead of 2016 season.

After the popularity of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, though, USL began considerations for a new professional women's league; this effort eventually returned to the re-establishing of the league as the USL W League.
2013 6 Hours of São Paulo
The 2013 6 Hours of São Paulo was an endurance auto race held at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo, Brazil on 30 August – 1 September 2013.  The race was the fourth round of the 2013 FIA World Endurance Championship and the second consecutive running of the 6 Hours of São Paulo.  Audi continued their streak of four overall victories following an accident for the sole Toyota in LMP1, with André Lotterer, Marcel Fässler, and Benoît Tréluyer leading the Joest Racing duo to the checkered flag.  G-Drive Racing earned their first victory in the LMP2 category ahead of OAK Racing, while AF Corse Ferrari led home Aston Martin Racing in the LMGTE Pro class by a gap of less than two seconds.  Aston Martin however prevailed in LMGTE Am, ahead of the 8 Star Ferrari.

Enzo Potolicchio
Vicente "Enzo" Potolicchio (born 7 August 1968 in Caracas) is a Venezuelan racing driver and businessman, who competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship and Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport. He won the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2012 12 Hours of Sebring, both in the LMP2 class.
Lomaridium dendrophilum
Lomaridium dendrophilum, synonym Blechnum dendrophilum, is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador and known only from Napo Province and Pichincha Province. It was first described by Luis Sodiro in the late 19th century. Although there are no known conservation measures, it has been recorded from Illinizas Ecological Reserve.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss for agriculture.

Luis Sodiro
Luis Sodiro (1836–1909) was an Italian Jesuit priest and a field botanist from Vicenza who described a large number of species from the area around Quito, Ecuador in the early 20th century. He was perhaps the first person who collected in this region and he described at least 38 species from Esmeraldas, a region in Ecuador.
Leppoja Nature Reserve
Leppoja Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Viljandi County, Estonia.

The area of the nature reserve is 378 ha.

The protected area was founded in 2005 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Tohvri village (former Pärsti Parish).

Viljandi County
Viljandi County (Estonian: Viljandi maakond or Viljandimaa; German: Kreis Fellin) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in southern Estonia bordering Pärnu, Järva, Jõgeva, Tartu and Valga counties as well as Latvia.
Nanjiang Military District
The Nanjiang Military District (Chinese: 中国人民解放军南疆军区; full name People's Liberation Army Nanjiang Military District or PLA Nanjiang Military District) is a military district of the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission in China.

National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission
The National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission is a first-level organ under the Central Military Commission, at the deputy theater grade level. Like the CMC, it is a "one institution, two names" entity, that combines both party and state functions.

It was founded on 11 January 2016, under Xi Jinping's military reforms. as the successor of the Department of Defense Mobilization of the Central Staff.
University of Wales Press
The University of Wales Press (Welsh: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru) was founded in 1922 as a central service of the University of Wales. The press publishes academic journals and around seventy books a year in the English and Welsh languages on six general subjects: history, political philosophy and religious studies, Welsh and Celtic studies, literary studies, European studies and medieval studies. The press has a backlist of over 3,500 titles.

The main offices of the University of Wales Press are in Cardiff.

With the announcement in 2011 that the University of Wales would be functionally merged into Trinity Saint David, it was envisaged that the University of Wales Press would also be merged into the institution.

In September 2016 it was announced the Press would be forming a partnership with the Open Library of Humanities to convert the International Journal of Welsh Writing in English into a full open-access journal.

Open Library of Humanities
The Open Library of Humanities is a nonprofit, diamond open access publisher in the humanities and social sciences founded by Martin Paul Eve and Caroline Edwards. Founded in 2015, OLH published 27 scholarly journals as of 2022, and as of 2025 lists 33 journals, including a mega journal, also called Open Library of Humanities, which was modeled on PLOS but not affiliated with it.
Clench (surname)
Clench is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Clench (died 1692), English physician

Jim Clench (1949–2010), Canadian musician

John Clench (died 1607), English judge

Nora Clench (1867–1938), Canadian violinist

Ralfe Clench (c. 1762 – 1828), farmer, judge and political figure in Upper Canada

William J. Clench (1897–1984), American malacologist

John Clench
John Clench (c. 1535 - 1607) was an English judge, a Serjeant-at-Law, Baron of the Exchequer and Justice of the Queen's Bench, of the late Tudor period. He established his family in south-east Suffolk, in the neighbourhood of Ipswich, where for many years he was the Town Recorder.
Alan Chambers (Canadian politician)
Alan Chambers (14 January 1904 – 1981) was a Canadian businessman and politician. Chambers was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Born in England, he was an exporter, importer and merchant by career. He was first elected to Parliament at the Nanaimo riding in the 1940 general election after an earlier unsuccessful attempt to win a seat there in 1935. After serving one term in the House of Commons, Chambers was defeated by George Pearkes of the Progressive Conservatives in the 1945 election.

Chambers became the European chief of the Department of Veterans Affairs after World War II where he worked for the remainder of his career.

He died in 1981.

Nanaimo (electoral district)
Nanaimo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1979.

This riding was created as Nanaimo riding in 1903 from parts of Vancouver and Victoria ridings.

Its legal description when it was created was: "The electoral district of Nanaimo, comprising the provincial electoral districts of Cowichan, Esquimalt, Nanaimo City, Newcastle, Saanich and The Islands."

Nanaimo electoral district was renamed Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands in 1962.
Soviet destroyer Smetlivy
Smetlivy is the name of the following ships of the Soviet Navy

Soviet destroyer Smetlivy (1937), a Gnevny-class destroyer sunk by mines in 1941

Soviet destroyer Smetlivy (1967), a Kashin-class destroyer in commission 1969–2020, now a museum ship

Kashin-class destroyer
The Kashin class, Soviet designation Project 61, were series of anti-aircraft guided-missile destroyers built for the Soviet Navy staying in the 1960s were the first major warships in the world powered solely by gas turbines. As of 2026, no ships remain in service with the Russian Navy, and three modified ships continue in service with the Indian Navy as Rajput-class destroyers.

In the Soviet Union they were officially classified as "guard ships" (storozhevoi korabl – SKR), then "large ASW ships" (BPK) or "large missile ships" (BRK); in the rest of world they are commonly regarded as missile destroyers due to their size and armament. They were the first Soviet purpose-built anti-air warfare ships and the first to carry an ASW helicopter.
Qebleh, Ilam
Qebleh (Persian: قبله) is a village in Boli Rural District, Chavar District, Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 136, in 26 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Buli Rural District
Buli Rural District (Persian: دهستان بولی) is in Buli District of Chavar County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chaman-e Seyyed Mohammad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Ganjevan.
Excoecaria cochinchinensis
Excoecaria cochinchinensis is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is sometimes referred to by the common names Chinese croton, blindness tree, buta buta, and jungle fire plant. It is native to Southeast China, Hainan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.

It is a subtropical evergreen shrub with a woody stem, growing up to 1–2 meters (3.3–6.6 ft) high. Its leaves are opposite, their texture shiny and papery, the upper surface dark green or variegated and the underside a deep maroon. The leaves measure  6–14 cm by 2–4 cm (2.4–5.5 in by 0.8–1.6 in). It is dioecious.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Kõrvemaa
Kõrvemaa (or Estonian: Vahe-Eesti madalik ('Middle Estonian Lowland')) is a geographical region in Northern Estonia. Its area is 3,132 km2 (1,209 sq mi), with length of 110 km (68 mi) and width of 40 km (25 mi).

The region is characterised by wetlands (37.7% of the region) and forests. Settlement is sparse.

A high percent of the region is under protection: there are Põhja-Kõrvemaa and Kõrvemaa Landscape Conservation Area, also part of Lahemaa National Park.

Kõrvemaa Landscape Conservation Area
Kõrvemaa Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park situated in Lääne-Viru County, Estonia.

Its area is 20653 ha.

The protected area was designated in 1959 to protect landscapes and biodiversity of Aegviidu and its surrounding areas.
1953 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The 1953 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 25 March – 2 April. Hashim Khan won his third consecutive title defeating Roy Wilson in the final.

Azam Khan the younger brother of Hashim Khan made his first appearance at the tournament.

Lansdowne Club
The Lansdowne Club is a private members' club in London, England occupying a large building, notable in its own right. It was established in 1935 and occupies most of 9 Fitzmaurice Place, a street connecting Berkeley Square to Curzon Street in Mayfair.
Archery at the 2017 Summer Universiade – Mixed team compound
The mixed team compound archery competition at the 2017 Summer Universiade was held in the National Taiwan Sport University Stadium, Taipei, Taiwan between August 20 and the finals between August 22–23, 2017.

National Taiwan Sport University
25°01′55.3″N 121°23′12.0″E﻿ / ﻿25.032028°N 121.386667°E﻿ / 25.032028; 121.386667

The National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU; Chinese: 國立體育大學) is a public university specializing in sports in Taoyuan, Taiwan.

NTSU offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs, including bachelor's and master's degrees in fields such as sports science, physical education, leisure and recreation management, sports coaching, athletic training, and sports medicine. The university also offers doctoral programs in sports science and physical education.
Muhammad al-Dibaj
Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq (Arabic: محمد بن جعفر الصادق, romanized: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq), surnamed al-Dībāj (Arabic: الديباج, lit. 'the handsome'), was a son of the sixth Shi'a imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq, who led a failed revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate in 815.

Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad. Imamah further says that Imams possess divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance.
Nina (opera)
Nina, o sia La pazza per amore (Nina, or Madly in Love) is an opera, described in 1790 as a commedia in prosa ed in verso per musica, in two acts by Giovanni Paisiello to an Italian libretto by Giovanni Battista Lorenzi after Giuseppe Carpani's translation of Benoît-Joseph Marsollier's Nina, ou La folle par amour, set by Nicolas Dalayrac in 1786. The work is a sentimental comedy with set numbers, recitative and spoken dialog. It is set in Italy in the 18th century. Nina was first performed in a one-act version at the Teatro del Reale Sito di Belvedere in Caserta, San Leucio on 25 June 1789. The revised and familiar two-act work was presented at the Teatro dei Fiorentini in Naples in the autumn of 1790.

Early theatres in Naples
Theatres for diverse musical and dramatic presentations began to open in Naples, Italy, in the mid-16th century as part of the general Spanish cultural and political expansion into the kingdom of Naples, which had just become a Vicerealm of Spain. None of the early theaters still function as such, having been replaced by later facilities from the mid-18th century onwards. Neapolitan theatres first built in the 16th and 17th centuries include:
Worsley-Burnette House
Worsley-Burnette House is a historic plantation house located near Conetoe, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. The original section was built about 1830, as a two-story, hall-and-parlor plan, Federal style frame dwelling. It was expanded about 1850 with a Greek Revival style end wing.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Hall and parlor house
A hall-and-parlor house is a type of vernacular house found in early-modern to 19th century England, as well as in colonial North America. It is presumed to have been the model on which other North American house types have been developed, such as the Cape Cod house, saltbox, and central-passage house, and in turn influenced the somewhat-later I-house. In England it had been a more modest development from the medieval hall house.
Norman Rostoker
Norman Rostoker (August 16, 1925 – December 25, 2014) was a Canadian plasma physicist known for being a pioneer in developing clean plasma-based fusion energy. He co-founded TAE Technologies (formerly known as Tri Alpha Energy) in 1998 and held 27 U.S. Patents on plasma-based fusion accelerators.

The Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method, a theory in solid-state physics, is named after him.

Plasma acceleration
Plasma acceleration is a technique for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons or ions, using the electric field associated with an electron plasma wave or other high-gradient plasma structures. These structures are created using either ultra-short laser pulses or energetic particle beams that are matched to the plasma parameters. The technique offers a way to build affordable and compact particle accelerators.

Fully developed, the technology could replace many of the traditional accelerators with applications ranging from high energy physics to medical and industrial applications. Medical applications include betatron and free-electron light sources for diagnostics or radiation therapy and proton sources for hadron therapy.
Binibining Pilipinas 1994
Binibining Pilipinas 1994 was the 31st edition of Binibining Pilipinas. It took place at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines on October 31, 1993.

At the end of the event, Dindi Gallardo crowned Charlene Gonzales as Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1994, Ruffa Gutierrez crowned Caroline Subijano as Binibining Pilipinas World 1994, Sheela Mae Santarin crowned Alma Concepcion as Binibining Pilipinas International 1994, and Jenette Fernando crowned Sheila Marie Dizon as Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 1994. Abbygale Arenas was named First Runner-Up, while Eda Calonia was named Second Runner-Up.

Ruffa Gutierrez
Sharmaine Ruffa Rama Gutierrez (born June 24, 1974) is a Filipino actress, model, TV host, and beauty pageant titleholder. She won Binibining Pilipinas World 1993 and was second runner-up to Miss World 1993.