hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balz–Schiemann reaction
The Balz–Schiemann reaction (also called the Schiemann reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a primary aromatic amine is transformed to an aryl fluoride via a diazonium tetrafluoroborate intermediate. This reaction is a traditional route to fluorobenzene and some related derivatives, including 4-fluorobenzoic acid.

The reaction is conceptually similar to the Sandmeyer reaction, which converts diazonium salts to other aryl halides (ArCl, ArBr).  However, while the Sandmeyer reaction involves a copper reagent/catalyst and radical intermediates, the thermal decomposition of the diazonium tetrafluoroborate proceeds without a promoter and is believed to generate highly unstable aryl cations (Ar+), which abstract F− from BF4− to give the fluoroarene (ArF), along with boron trifluoride and nitrogen as the byproducts.

Aryl group
In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl. "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as a placeholder for the aryl group in chemical structure diagrams, analogous to “R” used for any organic substituent. “Ar” is not to be confused with the elemental symbol for argon.

A simple aryl group is phenyl (C6H5−), a group derived from benzene. Examples of other aryl groups consist of:

The tolyl group (CH3C6H4−) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene)

The xylyl group ((CH3)2C6H3−), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene)

The naphthyl group (C10H7−), which is derived from naphthalene

Arylation is the process in which an aryl group is attached to a substituent. It is typically achieved by cross-coupling reactions.
Kan Nakamura
Kan Nakamura (Japanese: 中村寛, Nakamura Kan; born August 6, 1996) is a Japanese kickboxer, currently competing in the lightweight division of RISE, where he is the former RISE lightweight champion.

As of August 2024, he was ranked as the seventh best featherweight (-64 kg) kickboxer in the world by Beyond Kickboxing and the ninth best super bantamweight kickboxer (-64 kg) in the world by Combat Press.

Krush (kickboxing)
Krush is a martial arts entertainment planning and promotional brand established in 2008. Currently based in Japan, it is the sister brand of K-1. Krush promotes kickboxing events across ten male and three female weight classes. It is considered to be the second tier of K-1, and has produced numerous K-1 competitors; such as Takeru Segawa, Tatsuya Tsubakihara and Yuki Egawa.
Masadan
Masadan is a village in Jalal-Abad Region in Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Suzak District. Its population was 2,391 in 2021. It is the birthplace of the former president of the Kyrgyz Republic, Kurmanbek Bakiyev. Masadan is also called Teit. The village is located to the south-west of Jalal-Abad city, near the border with Uzbekistan.

Jalal-Abad Region
Jalal-Abad (/dʒəˈlɑːl əˈbɑːd/; Kyrgyz: [dʒɑˌɫɑɫɑˈbɑt]) is a region (oblus) of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Manas. It is surrounded by (clockwise from the north) Talas Region, Chüy Region, Naryn Region, Osh Region, and Uzbekistan. Jalal-Abad Region was established on 21 November 1939. On 27 January 1959 it became a part of Osh Region, but regained its old status as a region on 14 December 1990. Its total area is 32,418 km2 (12,517 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 1,260,617 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Uzbek (24.8% in 2009) minority.
Giovanni Vigna
Giovanni Vigna (born c. 1925) is an Italian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for Italy and Combined Nationalities, and at club level for Torino XIII, as a second-row.

Central Park (Wigan)
Central Park was a rugby league stadium in Wigan, England, which was the home of Wigan RLFC before the club moved to the JJB Stadium in 1999. Its final capacity was 18,000. The site is now a Tesco supermarket and car park.
Cecilia Dapaah
Cecilia Abena Dapaah (born 27 November 1954) is a Ghanaian politician. She is a member of the New Patriotic Party and a former Member of Parliament for the Bantama constituency. She  served as the deputy Minister for Water Resources, Works and Housing, and Minister for Aviation and Santitation and Water Resources respectively.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
Cashiers, North Carolina
Cashiers (/ˈkæʃərz/ KASH-ərz) is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated village located in southern Jackson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the community had a total population of 657, up from 157 at the 2010 census. Cashiers is pronounced KASH-erz locally, and is one of several communities in the area popular with tourists and owners of vacation homes.

The village is at the crossroads of U.S. Route 64 (US 64) and North Carolina Highway 107 (NC 107), which connects to Highlands, Rosman, Sylva, and Walhalla.

Sylva, North Carolina
Sylva is an incorporated town located in central Jackson County, in the Plott Balsam Mountains of Western North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Sylva had a population of 2,578. It is the county seat, taking over the role from nearby Webster in 1913.
Edrington
Edrington is a medieval estate occupying the lower part of Mordington parish in Berwickshire, Scotland, five miles (8.0 km) west of Berwick-upon-Tweed. From probably the 14th century, if not earlier, a castle occupied the steep hill above the mill of the same name on the Whiteadder Water. The castle ruin is still marked on today's Ordnance Survey maps, and still appears in locality references in The Berwickshire News. The principal farm of the estate is Edrington Mains.

North Berwick
North Berwick (/ˈbɛrɪk/; BEH-rik; Scottish Gaelic: Bearaig a Tuath) is a seaside town and former royal burgh in East Lothian, Scotland. It is situated on the south shore of the Firth of Forth, approximately 20 miles (32 km) east-northeast of Edinburgh. North Berwick became a fashionable holiday resort in the nineteenth century because of its two sandy bays, the East (or Milsey) Bay and the West Bay, and continues to attract holidaymakers. Golf courses at the ends of each bay are open to visitors.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi, formerly Bharat Ratna Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi and Ambedkar University Delhi, and simply AUD, is a state university established by the Government of the NCT of Delhi through an Act of the Delhi Legislature. The university began functioning in August 2008. It is a Unitary non-affiliating University whose main focus is on undergraduate and postgraduate studies and on research in the Humanities and the Social Sciences. It is completely funded by the State Government of the NCT of Delhi. The university is now declared eligible to receive Central Government Assistance. The university has been graded 'A' by National Assessment and Accreditation Council. It is named after the polymath B. R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Indian Constitution and one of the founding fathers of India.

State university (India)
In India, state universities are run and funded by the state government of each of the states of India.

Following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, education became a state responsibility. Following a constitutional change in 1976, it became a joint responsibility of the states and the central government.

As of 23 August 2022, the UGC lists 456 state universities.
Grange Hall (Murphysboro, Illinois)
The Grange Hall in Somerset Township, Jackson County, Illinois, is the historic meeting place of Somerset Township's chapter of The Grange. Built in 1912, the building was Somerset Grange #1553's second meeting hall; the first building was built in 1876 and burned down in 1909. The red brick building was built by contractor W. A. Pitman in the Commercial style. The Grange Hall served as a meeting place for local farmers to discuss agricultural affairs and propose farm policy to legislators. The National Farmers Union's newspaper, the Union Farmer, was published from the Somerset Grange Hall until 1914. The building also served as a local social center and hosted township elections, club meetings, and community events. The hall was rehabilitated in 1988; it still serves as a township polling place.

The hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Jackson County, Illinois
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois with a population of 52,974 at the 2020 census, the county is located 98 miles southeast of St. Louis. Its county seat is Murphysboro, and its most populous city is Carbondale, home to the main campus of Southern Illinois University. The county was incorporated on January 10, 1816, and named for Andrew Jackson. The community of Brownsville served as the fledgling county's first seat. Jackson County is included in the Carbondale-Marion, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as "Little Egypt".
Guaram III
Guaram III (Georgian: გუარამ III), of the Guaramid dynasty, was a presiding prince of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) from before 693 to c. 748.

Guaram III was bestowed with the Byzantine title of curopalates, and thus, must have succeeded his father or grandfather Guaram II shortly before 693, i.e., before the resurgent Umayyad Caliphate ousted the Byzantines from the Caucasus region.

The chronicle of Pseudo-Juansher, written around 800, also refers to the princes Mihr, Archil, and the sons of the latter – Iovane and Juansher – in this period. However, neither of these individuals were presiding princes of Iberia, but the provincial rulers of Kakheti in the east.

Guaram III had a son also called Guaram (or Gurgen), and two anonymous daughters, one of whom married the Chosroid prince Archil, and the other married the Bagratid prince Vasak. His son, Guaram/Gurgen was married to a Nersianid princess, daughter of Adarnase III, and fathered Stephen III.

Juansher Juansheriani
Juansher Juansheriani (Georgian: ჯუანშერ ჯუანშერიანი; fl. c. 790–800 or 11th century) was a Georgian prince (eristavi) and historian, related to the royal Chosroid dynasty of Iberia (ancient Georgia), whose appanage consisted of the lands in Inner Iberia and in Kakheti.

Juansher was a husband of a niece of Archil of Kakheti, to whom a note in the text of the Queen Anne and Queen Mary codices of the Georgian Chronicles attributes the work "The Life of King Vakhtang Gorgasali" which covers the history of Iberia from the reign of Vakhtang I (c. 447–502/522) down to the period of Archil (c. 736–786). This attribution remains problematic, however, and some modern scholars have suggested, though controversially, that the bulk of this work was, in fact, authored by the 11th-century chronicler Leonti Mroveli, while the author of its untitled continuation, also ascribed to Juansher, is conventionally referred to as Pseudo-Juansher.
Marina Fedorova (footballer)
Marina Maksimovna Fedorova (Russian: Марина Максимовна Фёдорова; born 10 May 1997) is a Russian beach soccer and footballer who currently plays for Lokomotiv Moscow in the Russian Women's Football Championship. She has previously played for the Russian side FC Zorky and NiceFutis in the Finnish women's premier division Naisten Liiga.

Fedorova made her debut for the Russia women's national football team in October 2015 against Germany.

Kansallinen Liiga
The Kansallinen Liiga ('National League') is the premier division of women's football in Finland. It was previously called the Jalkapallon naisten SM-sarja ('Women's Football Finnish Championship Series') during 1974 to 2006 and the Naisten Liiga (Swedish: Damligan, 'Women's League') during 2006 to 2019, The first season under the name Kansallinen Liiga was played in 2020.
Conservation form
Conservation form or Eulerian form refers to an arrangement of an equation or system of equations, usually representing a hyperbolic system, that emphasizes that a property represented is conserved, i.e. a type of continuity equation. The term is usually used in the context of continuum mechanics.

System of equations
In mathematics, a set of simultaneous equations, also known as a system of equations or an equation system, is a finite set of equations for which common solutions are sought. An equation system is usually classified in the same manner as single equations, namely as a:

System of linear equations,

System of nonlinear equations,

System of bilinear equations,

System of polynomial equations,

System of differential equations, or a

System of difference equations
Kobe Jones
Kobe Montrell Jones (born May 10, 1998) is an American professional football linebacker for the Birmingham Stallions. He played college football at Mississippi State, and originally signed with the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2021. Jones has also been a member of the Miami Dolphins, Tennessee Titans, Green Bay Packers, and Carolina Panthers.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
Udugama (surname)
Udugama (Sinhala: උඩුගම, romanized: Udugama) is a Sinhalese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Udugama Sri Buddharakkitha Thero (1930–2015), Sri Lankan Buddhist monk, 20th mahanayaka of the Asgiriya chapter of Siyam Nikaya

Namal Udugama (born 1967), Sri Lankan singer, composer and songwriter

Richard Udugama (1911–1995), Sri Lankan army general, 5th commander of the army (1964–1966), politician and diplomat

Richard Udugama
Major General Deshamanya Alexander Richard Udugama, MBE (11 November 1911 – 14 May 1995) was a Sri Lankan soldier, politician and diplomat. Former Army Commander (1964–1966), he was elected as Member of Parliament for Matale from 1970 to 1977 and served as Sri Lankan Ambassador to Iraq from 1979 to 1982. He was accused of an alleged coup d'état in 1966.
Dean Anglesey
Walter Dean Anglesey (born 9 December 1969) is a New Zealand former rugby union international for Japan.

Anglesey was raised in the small King Country town of Taumarunui and educated at Taumarunui High School.

A flanker, Anglesey played on the John Mitchell-captained New Zealand "Development Team" that toured Argentina in 1994 and represented King County in the National Provincial Championship 1st Division through much of the 1990s, later switching to Waikato. He had three seasons in the Super 12, with Chiefs in 1996 and 1997, then Hurricanes in 1998.

Anglesey left for Japan in 1999, to play with Kobe Steelers. He became qualified for Japan's national team during his time in Kobe and was capped for the country in three internationals in 2002, debuting against Tonga.

Taumarunui High School
Taumarunui High School is a state coeducational secondary school located in Taumarunui, New Zealand. There are approximately 300 students.

The school was originally located in the township.

The school's colours are navy blue and gold.
Pınarbaşı, Bornova
Pınarbaşı is an area of Bornova district of İzmir Province in the Aegean Region of Turkey. It consists of four quarters.

There are some industrial plants located in Pınarbaşı, such as the BMC Turkey, one of the country's largest commercial vehicle manufacturer, Efes Pilsen and Tuborg breweries, Pınar Diary, etc. The Pınarbaşı Racing Circuit for go-kart and motorcycle racing, which is Turkey's second longest race course is situated also here.

Aegean region
The Aegean region (Turkish: Ege Bölgesi) is one of the 7 geographical regions of Turkey. The largest city in the region is İzmir. Other big cities are Manisa, Aydın, Denizli, Muğla, Afyonkarahisar and Kütahya.

Located in western Turkey, it is bordered by the Aegean Sea to the west, the Marmara region to the north, the Central Anatolia Region to the east, and the Mediterranean Region to the south.

Among the four coastal regions, the Aegean Region has the longest coastline.
Pieksänmaa
Pieksänmaa is a former municipality of Finland. It became part of the town of Pieksämäki in 2007.

Pieksänmaa was formed in 2004 when the municipalities of Pieksämäen maalaiskunta, Jäppilä and Virtasalmi were consolidated to a single municipality. Pieksänmaa itself was consolidated to Pieksämäki three years later.

It is located in the former province of Eastern Finland and is part of the South Savo region. The municipality had a population of 8,754 (2003) and covered an area of 1,788.17 km² of which 249.40 km² was water. The population density was 5.7 inhabitants per km².

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Eastern Finland Province
Eastern Finland (Finnish: Itä-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Östra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Oulu, Western Finland and Southern Finland. It also bordered Russia to the east.
Ladaniva
Ladaniva (Armenian: Լադանիվա; stylized in all caps, named in reference to the off-road SUV Lada Niva) is a French-Armenian world music group originally from Lille. The duo, founded in 2019, consists of Armenian singer Jaklin Baghdasaryan and French multi-instrumentalist Louis Thomas. Their musical style is inspired by music from around the world, particularly traditional Balkan music, maloya and Armenian folklore. They represented Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Jako".

Balkan music
Balkan music is a type of music found in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. In its broadest sense, it encompasses a variety of music styles across the countries of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia, as well as in European Turkey. The music is characterised by complex rhythm. Famous bands in Balkan music include Taraf de Haïdouks, Fanfare Ciocărlia, and No Smoking Orchestra.
Godman (India)
Godman is a term used in India for a type of healer or spiritual leader who is often raised to a demigod-like figure by their cult following. They generally claim to possess paranormal powers, such as the ability to heal, the ability to see or influence future events, and the ability to read minds. Godmen usually have a high-profile presence, and attract support from large sections of Indian society.

Telepathy
Telepathy (from Ancient Greek  τῆλε (têle) 'distant' and  πάθος/-πάθεια (páthos/-pátheia) 'feeling, perception, passion, affliction, experience') is the purported vicarious transmission of information from one person's mind to another's without using any known human sensory channels or physical interaction. The term was first coined in 1882 by the classical scholar Frederic W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), and has remained more popular than the earlier expression thought-transference.

Telepathy experiments have historically been criticized for a lack of proper controls and repeatability. There is no good evidence that telepathy exists, and the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction.
Asclepiades Titiensis
Asclepiades (Ancient Greek: Ἀσκληπιάδης) Titiensis or Citiensis was a physician of Ancient Greece who must have lived in or before the second century CE, as he is quoted by the Greco-Roman medical writer Caelius Aurelianus at that time. Caelius describes him as an authority regarding his pre-eminence in identifying apoplexy with paralysis.

While this name is rendered "Titiensis" in many of the early editions of Caelius's work, it has been suggested his name was originally "Citiensis", and that "Titiensis" was an error introduced by an earlier copyist. Later editions are split whether to call him "Titiensis" or "Citiensis".

Some scholars such as Daniel Le Clerc were doubtful this Asclepiades was distinct from all of the other obscure ancient physicians who shared this name. He may be the same person as Apollonios of Kition.

Apoplexy
Apoplexy (from Ancient Greek  ἀποπληξία (apoplexia) 'a striking away') refers to the rupture of an internal organ and the associated symptoms. Informally or metaphorically, the term apoplexy is associated with being furious, especially as "apoplectic". Historically, it described what is now known as a hemorrhagic stroke, typically involving a ruptured blood vessel in the brain; modern medicine typically specifies the anatomical location of the bleeding, such as cerebral apoplexy, ovarian apoplexy, or pituitary apoplexy.
Shawn Sweeney
Shawn Sweeney is an American politician from Vermont. He has been a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Chittenden 7 District since 2025.

Sweeney was a business owner in Shelburne, Vermont.

Vermont Democratic Party
The Vermont Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Vermont.

Since the founding of the Republican Party until the 1960s, Vermont was almost exclusively a Republican state, with Republicans dominating Vermont politics, especially the governorship, from 1854 to 1960. But Democrats have since staged a resurgence in state politics, perhaps inspired by the election of John F. Kennedy as president in 1960.

It is now the dominant party in the state, controlling Vermont's at-large U.S. House seat, one of its U.S. Senate seats, and majorities in both houses of the state legislature. Vermont's other U.S. Senate seat is held by Bernie Sanders, an independent who caucuses with the Democratic Party. The only statewide offices the party does not control is the governorship, held by Republican Phil Scott, and the lieutenant governorship, held by Republican John S. Rodgers.
1990 NCAA Division II men's soccer tournament
The 1990 NCAA Division II Men's Soccer Championship was the 19th annual tournament held by the NCAA to determine the top men's Division II college soccer program in the United States.

Southern Connecticut State defeated Seattle Pacific in the final, winning in a penalty kick shootout after the championship match finished 0–0 through four overtime periods. This was the Owls' (22-0-1) second national title and first for coach Ray Reid.

The final match was held in Melbourne, Florida on December 1, 1990.

Melbourne, Florida
Melbourne (MEL-burn) is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It is located 72 miles (116 km) southeast of Orlando along Florida's Space Coast, so named because of the region's proximity to Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center. The city had an estimated population of 87,561 as of July 1, 2024, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Melbourne is a principal city of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville metropolitan statistical area. Downtown Melbourne and most of the city lie inland of the Indian River Lagoon, with a small part extending over to the barrier island.