hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sixteenth Amendment
Sixteenth Amendment can refer to:

Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India, also known as the Anti-Secession Amendment, 1963 amendment enabling the government to restrict certain freedoms, followed the Sino-Indian War of 1962

Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland

Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa

Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1996 (previously bill no. 49 of 1996) is an amendment of the Constitution of Ireland which provides that a court can refuse bail to a suspect where it feared that while at liberty they would commit a serious criminal offence. It was approved by referendum on 28 November 1996 and signed into law on 12 December of the same year.
Bluefish Caves
Bluefish Caves is an archaeological site in Yukon, Canada, located 54 km (34 mi) southwest of the Vuntut Gwichin community of Old Crow. It has been suggested that human occupation dates to 24,000 years Before Present (BP) based on radiocarbon dating of animal remains, but these dates are contested due to the uncertain stratigraphic context of the archaeological remains relative to the dated animal remains. There are three small caves in the area.

Gwichʼin
The Gwichʼin (or Kutchin or Loucheux) are an Athabaskan-speaking First Nations people of Canada and an Alaska Native people. They live in the northwestern part of North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle.

Gwichʼin are well-known for their crafting of snowshoes, birchbark canoes, and the two-way sled. They are renowned for their intricate and ornate beadwork. They also continue to make traditional caribou-skin clothing and porcupine quillwork embroidery, both of which are highly regarded among Gwichʼin. Today, the Gwich’in economy consists mostly of hunting, fishing, and seasonal wage-paying employment.
King & King
King & King is a children's picture book co-authored and co-illustrated by Stern Nijland and Linda De Haan. King & King tells the story of a young prince whose mother is forcing him to find his princess. However, after meeting many princesses, the prince falls in love with another prince. King & King was originally written in Frisian and has since been published in ten languages. The book's illustrations have received both positive and negative reviews, as has the storyline. The book has been analyzed for both its usefulness in the classroom and its challenges to social norms.

The book has gained some prominence due to opposition from social conservatives who believe that children should not see LGBT themes; attention as a result of this opposition greatly increased sales of the book.

Christian Voice (UK)
Christian Voice (CV) is a fundamentalist Christian advocacy group based in the United Kingdom. Its stated objective is "to uphold Christianity as the Faith of the United Kingdom, to be a voice for Biblical values in law and public policy, and to defend and support traditional family life." It is independent of religious, denominational, or political parties.

CV is led by Stephen Green. Green is the group's spokesperson, producing scores of press releases from 2005 to 2010. According to Green, Christian Voice had in excess of 600 members in 2005.

The group has been criticised for its positions. David Peel, leader of the United Reformed Church called Christian Voice "a disgrace" and described their "claim to represent Christians" in the UK as "absurd".
Helen Rowland
Helen May Rowland (/ˈroʊlənd/; 1875–1950) was an American journalist and humorist. For many years she wrote a newspaper column in the New York World called "Reflections of a Bachelor Girl". Many of her pithy insights from these columns were published in book form, including Reflections of a Bachelor Girl (1909), The Rubáiyát of a Bachelor (1915), and A Guide to Men (1922).

She wrote humorous works about the 700 wives of Solomon, King of Israel, and about the White Woman's Burden in a parody of The White Man's Burden by  Rudyard Kipling.

Humorist
A humorist is an intellectual who uses humor, or wit, in writing or public speaking. A raconteur is one who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way.

Henri Bergson writes that a humorist's work grows from viewing the morals of society.

The term comedian is generally applied to one who is performing to an audience for laughter.
New Mexico State Road 243
State Road 243 (NM 243) is a 8.206-mile-long (13.206 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 243's western terminus is at U.S. Route 62 (US 62) and US 180 northeast of Carlsbad, and the eastern terminus is at US 62 and US 180, which is also the western terminus of NM 176.

Carlsbad, New Mexico
Carlsbad (/ˈkɑːrlzbæd/ KARLZ-bad) is a city in and the county seat of Eddy County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 32,238. Carlsbad is centered at the intersection of U.S. Routes 62/180 and 285, and is the principal city of the Carlsbad-Artesia Micropolitan Statistical Area, which has a total population of 62,314. Located in the southeastern part of New Mexico, Carlsbad straddles the Pecos River and sits at the eastern edge of the Guadalupe Mountains.

Carlsbad is a hub for potash mining, petroleum production, and tourism. Carlsbad Caverns National Park is located 20 miles (32 km) southwest of the city, and Guadalupe Mountains National Park lies 54 miles (87 km) southwest across the Texas border. The Lincoln National Forest is to the northwest of town.
1953–54 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season
The 1953–54 season was the 55th season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played in the First Division, then the highest level of English football.

The season was a major success as the team won the League championship for the first time in their history, pipping local rivals West Bromwich Albion. Winning the title was a breakthrough for the club after three times previously finishing runners-up.

Black Country derby
The Black Country derby is the name given to any local derby between English football teams West Bromwich Albion, Walsall and Wolverhampton Wanderers. Though most commonly it refers specifically to games between West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers due to Walsall spending most of their existence in lower divisions than the other two teams. All three clubs reside in Staffordshire's historic boundaries, but they are separated 11 miles (18 km) apart in the Black Country of the present-day West Midlands county.

The most successful side in the most common of Black Country derbies is West Bromwich Albion, losing just four of the past 24 matches between the two sides. Wolves are currently in the Premier League, West Brom in the EFL Championship following their relegation in 2021 and Walsall currently in EFL League Two following their relegation in 2019.
Alphonse-Arthur Miville Déchêne
Alphonse-Arthur Miville Déchêne (April 17, 1848 – May 1, 1902) was a Canadian lumber merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented L'Islet in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1896 to 1901 and sat for De la Durantaye division in the Senate of Canada from 1901 to 1902.

He was born in L'Islet, Canada East, the son of Alfred Miville, dit Dechêne, and was educated at the Collège Sainte-Anne. In 1891, he married Aurore Ouillet. He served as mayor of Saint-Pamphile. Déchêne died in office at the age of 54.

His son Joseph Bruno Aimé Miville Déchêne also served in the House of Commons. His brother François-Gilbert Miville Dechêne represented L'Islet in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

Saint-Pamphile
Saint-Pamphile (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pɑ̃fil]) is a town in the Canadian province of Quebec situated in the L'Islet Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches administrative district. While the official municipal territory ends at the Canada–United States border located at the eastern end of town, there is a tiny hamlet located immediately east of the border, known as St-Pamphile, Maine. The hamlet is historically part of the larger entity located in Quebec and is considered an integral part of the town by locals. The economy of St-Pamphile, Maine is entirely dependent upon the economy of St-Pamphile, Quebec, from which Maine residents obtain goods and services, and sometimes even employment. Saint-Pamphile, Quebec is the central town of seven neighboring parishes and provides a CLSC, elementary school, and high school for the area.
Uki, Kumamoto
Uki (宇城市, Uki-shi) is a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2024, the city had an estimated population of 56,491 in 25302 households, and a population density of 300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 188.67 km2 (72.85 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Kastrophylax
Kastrophylax (Greek: καστροφύλαξ, "fortress guard" or "fortress warden") was a late Byzantine local official who served as the assistant of the kephale (provincial governor) in maintaining the defense of a fortified city (kastron) and its guard service.

Myrina, Greece
Myrina (Greek: Μύρινα [ˈmiɾina], Ancient Greek: [mýrina]) is a former municipality on the island of Lemnos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lemnos, of which it is a municipal unit. It covers the west coast of the island, and has a land area of 82.049 square kilometres (31.679 sq mi), about 17.2% of the island's area. Its municipal seat was the town of Mýrina, located in the middle of the island's west coast. The town is also the capital of Lemnos, as well as the seat of the Metropolitan (Greek Orthodox bishop) of Lemnos. In addition to the town of Myrina, the municipal unit includes the communities of Káspakas, Platý, Thános, and Kornós. The 2021 census recorded 6,190 residents in the town and 8,518 residents in the municipal unit.
5059 aluminium alloy
5059 aluminium alloy is an aluminium–magnesium alloy, primarily alloyed with magnesium. It is not strengthened by heat treatment, instead becoming stronger due to strain hardening, or cold mechanical working of the material.

Since heat treatment doesn't strongly affect the strength, 5059 can be readily welded and retain most of its mechanical strength.

5059 alloy was derived from closely related 5083 aluminium alloy by researchers at Corus Aluminium in 1999.

Work hardening
Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity (strength) increases during plastic (permanent) deformation. This characteristic is what sets ductile materials apart from brittle materials. Work hardening may be desirable, undesirable, or inconsequential, depending on the application.

This strengthening occurs because of dislocation movements and dislocation generation within the crystal structure of the material. Many non-brittle metals with a reasonably high melting point as well as several polymers can be strengthened in this fashion. Alloys not amenable to heat treatment, including low-carbon steel, are often work-hardened. Some materials cannot be work-hardened at low temperatures, such as indium, however others can be strengthened only via work hardening, such as pure copper and aluminum.
Richard Restwold (died c. 1423)
Richard Restwold (c. 1364 – c. 1423), of High Head Castle, Cumbria, Sindlesham, Berkshire and Crowmarsh Gifford, Oxfordshire, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Cumberland in 1419. He was the father of Richard Restwold, also an MP for Cumberland.

Crowmarsh Gifford
Crowmarsh Gifford, commonly known as Crowmarsh, is a village in the civil parish of Crowmarsh, in the South Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. It is beside the River Thames opposite the market town of Wallingford, the two linked by Wallingford Bridge. Crowmarsh parish also includes the hamlet of Newnham Murren, which is now merged with the village; the hamlet of Mongewell, and the village of North Stoke 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south.
2023 Sofia Open – Doubles
Gonzalo Escobar and Aleksandr Nedovyesov defeated Julian Cash and Nikola Mektić in the final, 6–3, 3–6, [13–11] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 Sofia Open.

Rafael Matos and David Vega Hernández were the reigning champions, but Matos chose to compete in Metz instead. Vega Hernández partnered Íñigo Cervantes but lost in the first round to Yanaki Milev and Petr Nesterov.

Rafael Matos
Rafael Fabris de Matos (born 6 January 1996) is a Brazilian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 26, achieved on 6 February 2023 and a singles ranking of No. 440, reached on 21 May 2018. His most notable result is a major mixed doubles title at the 2023 Australian Open, playing with compatriot Luisa Stefani. They became the first Brazilian pair to win a major.

Matos has won thirteen ATP Tour titles in doubles. He represents Brazil at the Davis Cup.
Hewitt Bay
Hewitt Bay (64°49′00″S 63°47′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.81667°S 63.78333°W﻿ / -64.81667; -63.78333) is a rectangular bay 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) long between Biscoe Point and Access Point on Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2007 after Roger P. Hewitt of the Antarctic Ecosystem Research Group, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA; leader of surveys of the ecosystem in waters adjoining the South Shetland Islands and northern Antarctic Peninsula from 1989 to 2005; convener of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) working group from 2000 to 2005.

Anvers Island
Anvers Island or Antwerp Island or Antwerpen Island or Isla Amberes is a high, mountainous island 61 km (38 miles) long, the largest in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was discovered by John Biscoe in 1832 and named in 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Adrien de Gerlache after the province of Antwerp in Belgium. It lies south-west of Brabant Island at the south-western end of the group. The south-western coastline of the island forms part of the Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 7). Cormorant Island, an Important Bird Area, lies 1 km off the south coast.

There is a small science outpost called Palmer Station on the south end of Anvers island since the late 1960s; it is the smallest and farthest north of three the U.S. has on the continent. It is staffed by a few dozen people mostly doing marine and biology research, and is usually resupplied by ship as it has no regular airport.
Barloworld (cycling team)
Barloworld (UCI team code: BAR) was a UCI Professional Continental cycling team that competed between 2003 and 2009. Its sponsor company was South African and the team maintained a South African identity, but it was first registered in Italy and then, from 2007, in Great Britain.

Barloworld rode UCI Continental Circuits races and, when selected, UCI ProTour events. They were managed by Claudio Corti, with Valerio Tebaldi, Christian Andersen and Alberto Volpi as directeurs sportifs. Its prominent riders included South African Robert Hunter and Colombian Mauricio Soler. Chris Froome rode for Barloworld for 2008 and 2009.

The sponsor was Barloworld, an industrial brand management company. The team rode Bianchi frames with Shimano components.

Shimano
Shimano, Inc. (株式会社シマノ, Kabushiki-gaisha Shimano), originally Shimano Iron Works (島野鐵工所) and later Shimano Industries, Inc. (島野工業株式会社), is a Japanese multinational manufacturing company for cycling components, fishing tackle and rowing equipment, which also produced golf supplies until 2005 and snowboarding gear until 2008. Named after founder Shozaburo  Shimano (島野庄三郎, 1894–1958) and headquartered in Sakai, Osaka Prefecture, the company has 49 consolidated subsidiaries, with the primary manufacturing plants based in Kunshan (China), Malaysia and Singapore.

In 2024, Shimano recorded revenue of US$2.87 billion, of which 48.9% in Asia, 35.6% in Europe, 10.4% in North America, and 5.1% the rest of the world. Bicycle components represented 76.6%, fishing tackle 23.3%, and other products 0.1%. The company is publicly traded, with 89.45 million shares of common stock outstanding.

They are also the official neutral support for most of the UCI World Tour.
Second Battle of Simtokha Dzong
The Second Tibetan Invasion of Bhutan or the Second Battle of Simtokha Dzong was a military confrontation in 1634 between the supporters of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal and the forces of the Tibetan Tsangpa dynasty and several Bhutanese lamas allied against him. The latter initially conquered Zhabdrung's seat, Simtokha Dzong, threatening to eliminate his young dominion. The castle's ammunition stores were accidentally ignited during the battle, however, resulting in an explosion that destroyed Simtokha Dzong and much of the Tibetan army. Seizing this chance, Zhabdrung's followers rallied and ousted the Tibetans from their territory, turning the battle into a decisive strategic victory of Ngawang Namgyal, paving the way for the Unification of Bhutan under his rule.

Simtokha Dzong
Simtokha Dzong ('dzong' means "castle-monastery")  also known as Sangak Zabdhon Phodrang (Bhutanese language meaning: "Palace of the Profound Meaning of Secret Mantras") is a small dzong. It was built in 1628 by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who unified Bhutan. It is the first of its kind built in Bhutan. An important historical monument and former Buddhist monastery, today it houses one of the premier Dzongkha language learning institutes. It recently underwent renovation.
Van der Valk (company)
Van der Valk is a Dutch international hospitality chain run by the Van der Valk family. It is the largest Dutch hospitality chain, with more than 65 locations in the Netherlands and more than 15 in other countries. Besides hotels, Van der Valk also operates the Avifauna Bird Park in Alphen aan den Rijn. Its logo is based on the toucan.

The Van der Valk hotels are:

95 in Europe
68 in the Netherlands
13 in Germany
9 in Belgium
3 in France
1 in Spain (Girona)
1 in Turkey (Istanbul)

3 in North America
1 in Bonaire (Kralendijk)
1 in Curaçao (Willemstad)
1 in the United States (Hernando, Florida)

Toucan
Toucans (/ˈtuːkæn/, UK: /-kən/) are Neotropical birds in the family Ramphastidae. They are most closely related to the Toucan barbets. They are brightly marked and have large, often colorful bills. The family includes five genera and over 40 different species.

Toucans are arboreal and typically lay two to four white eggs in their nests. They make their nests in tree hollows and holes excavated by other animals such as woodpeckers—the toucan bill has very limited use as an excavation tool. When the eggs hatch, the young emerge completely naked, without any down. Toucans are resident breeders and do not migrate. Toucans are usually found in pairs or small flocks. They sometimes fence with their bills and wrestle, which scientists hypothesize they do to establish dominance hierarchies. In Africa and Asia, hornbills occupy the toucans' ecological niche, an example of convergent evolution.
Lithia, Florida
Lithia is an unincorporated community in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb of Tampa. The ZIP codes are 33547, 33596, and the area code is 813. It is part of the census-designated place (CDP) of Fish Hawk. Lithia is home to the 2,963-acre (1,199 ha) Alafia River Corridor and 5,515-acre (2,232 ha) Chito Branch Reserve.

Area codes 813 and 656
Area codes 813 and 656 are area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for the U.S. state of Florida in the city of Tampa, Florida, and its surrounding areas, such as Zephyrhills and Oldsmar. In 2022, due to exhaustion of central office prefixes, area code 656 was added to the service area forming an overlay complex.
Arlind
Arlind is a masculine Albanian given name.

Notable people with the name include:

Arlind Ajeti (born 1993), footballer

Arlind Dakaj (born 2001), footballer

Arlind Ferhati (born 1994), footballer

Arlind Kalaja (born 1995), footballer

Arlind Kurti (born 2005), footballer

Arlind Nora (born 1980), footballer

Arlind Pirani (born 1990), footballer

Arlind Qori (born 1981), politician

Arlind Rustemi (born 1986), footballer

Arlind Sadiku (born 1989), football commentator

Arlind Sejdiu (born 2001), footballer

Albanian name
Albanian names are names that are used by Albanians in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, or the diaspora. In Albania, a full name usually consists of a given name (Albanian: emri); the given name of the individual's father (patronymic, Albanian: atësia), which is seldom included except in official documents; and a (most commonly patrilineal) family name or surname (Albanian: mbiemri). They are invariably given in the Western name order, with the given name being followed by the family name.

Albanian given names are traditionally originally-Albanian names or religious names (Islamic or Christian).
Belgrade, KwaZulu-Natal
Belgrade is a town in Zululand District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.It is located in the North of KwaZulu-Natal and it is a
Perfect place for agricultural practices. It consists of 6 sections with an increasing informal settlement throughout the community.

Zululand District Municipality
The Zululand District Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wesiFunda seZululand) is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Its seat is Ulundi. As of 2011, a majority of its 803,575 inhabitants spoke isiZulu. The district code is DC26.
Backlight (TV program)
Backlight (Dutch: Tegenlicht) is a documentary television program by Dutch public broadcasting organisation VPRO. The first episode of Backlight was broadcast on 8 September 2002.

The program "aims to grasp the quintessence of prominent trends and developments" in the practice of critical journalism, and tries to improve understanding of the intricate inner workings of our modern society.

The program won the Zilveren Nipkowschijf in 2005. The episode "Lockerbie Revisited" won the Prix Europa in the category TV Current Affairs in 2009. The episode "Money & Speed", made for iPad, won the Golden Eye at the Dutch Design Awards in 2011.

VPRO released four documentaries in 2009 and 2010 under a Creative Commons license using the content distribution feature of the Mininova BitTorrent tracker.

Prix Europa
PRIX EUROPA – The European Broadcasting Festival – is Europe's largest annual tri-medial festival and competition. The event takes place in the third week of October in Berlin, Germany.

PRIX EUROPA awards the best European Television, Radio and Online productions each year with the aim of publishing them throughout Europe and supporting their continental distribution and use.  The festival calls on media professionals to compete against each other with their best productions.

The festival is hosted by the German broadcaster Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (RBB).
Trouble in the Air
Trouble in the Air is a 1948 British comedy film directed by Charles Saunders and starring Freddie Frinton, Jimmy Edwards, and Bill Owen. It was made at Highbury Studios as a second feature. The film's sets were designed by the art director Don Russell.

Charles Saunders (director)
Charles Joel Saunders (8 April 1904 – 20 April 1997) was an English film director and screenwriter who began in the industry as a film editor, and who also contributed to television. He was the brother of the theatrical producer Sir Peter Saunders.