hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Energy homeostasis
In biology, energy homeostasis, or the homeostatic control of energy balance, is a biological process that involves the coordinated homeostatic regulation of food intake (energy inflow) and energy expenditure (energy outflow). The human brain, particularly the hypothalamus, plays a central role in regulating energy homeostasis and generating the sense of hunger by integrating a number of biochemical signals that transmit information about energy balance. Fifty percent of the energy from glucose metabolism is immediately converted to heat.

Energy homeostasis is an important aspect of bioenergetics.

Hunger (physiology)
Hunger is a sensation that motivates the consumption of food. The sensation of hunger typically manifests after only a few hours without eating and is generally considered to be unpleasant. Satiety occurs between 5 and 20 minutes after eating. There are several theories about how the feeling of hunger arises. The desire to eat food, or appetite, is another sensation experienced with regard to eating.

The term hunger is also the most commonly used in social science and policy discussions to describe the condition of people who suffer from a chronic lack of sufficient food and constantly or frequently experience the sensation of hunger, and can lead to malnutrition. A healthy, well-nourished individual can survive for weeks without food intake (see fasting), with claims ranging from three to ten weeks.

Satiety is the opposite of hunger; it is the sensation of feeling full.
Frankoulios Servopoulos
Frankoulios Servopoulos (Greek: Φραγγούλιος Σερβόπουλος; fl. 1442–1474) was a Byzantine official in Constantinople and the Despotate of the Morea and an émigré to Italy.

Servopoulos is attested for the first time in 1442, being in the service of the Venetian Bailo of Constantinople, Marco Quirini. He then served the Byzantine emperors John VIII Palaiologos (r. 1425–1449) and Constantine XI Palaiologos (r. 1448–1453) as a member of the supreme tribunal of the kritai katholikoi.

After the Fall of Constantinople he moved to the Despotate of the Morea where he served Despot Demetrios Palaiologos. In this capacity he corresponded with King Alfonso V of Aragon and was sent as the Despot's envoy to Italy in 1456, hoping to secure Western support against the Ottoman Empire. He is last attested in 1474, in the entourage of Anna Notaras.

Alfonso V of Aragon
Alfonso the Magnanimous (Alfons el Magnànim in Catalan) (1396 – 27 June 1458) was King of Aragon and King of Sicily (as Alfons V) and the ruler of the Crown of Aragon from 1416 and King of Naples (as Alfons I) from 1442 until his death. He was involved with struggles to the throne of the Kingdom of Naples with Louis III of Anjou, Joanna II of Naples and their supporters, but ultimately failed and lost Naples in 1424. He recaptured it in 1442 and was crowned king of Naples. He had good relations with his vassal, Stjepan Kosača, and his ally, Skanderbeg, providing assistance in their struggles in the Balkans. He led diplomatic contacts with the Ethiopian Empire and was a prominent political figure of the early Renaissance, being a supporter of literature as well as commissioning several constructions for the Castel Nuovo.
IROC IV
IROC IV was the fourth year of IROC competition, which took place over three weekends in 1976 and 1977. It saw the use of the Chevrolet Camaro in all races, and the schedule was held over in its entirety from IROC III. A. J. Foyt won the championship and $50,000 without winning a race for the second year in a row.

The roster of drivers and final points standings were as follows:

Johnny Rutherford
John Sherman Rutherford III (born March 12, 1938), also known as "Lone Star JR", is an American former automobile racing driver. During an Indy Car career that spanned more than three decades, he scored 27 wins and 23 pole positions in 314 starts. He became one of six drivers to win the Indianapolis 500 at least three times, winning in 1974, 1976, and 1980. He also won the CART championship in 1980.

Rutherford began racing modified stock cars in 1959 and he also dabbled in stock car racing, making 35 NASCAR Cup Series starts from 1963 to 1988. Rutherford won in his first start, at Daytona International Speedway driving for Smokey Yunick. This made him one of the youngest drivers ever to win a NASCAR points-paying race, as well as only the sixth racer in history to win in their NASCAR debut race, a distinction not again achieved until SuperCars racer Shane van Gisbergen won in his NASCAR debut in 2023.
Kegon-ji
Kegon-ji (華厳寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Tanigumi Tokuzumi neighborhood of the town of Ibigawa, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the Tendai sect of Japanese Buddhism and its honzon is a hibutsu image image of  Jūichimen Kannon. The temple's full name is Tanigumi-san Kegon-ji (谷汲山 華厳寺).The temple is the 33rd and final stop on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route, and is the only temple on the route outside of the Kansai region.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Tang Xiaowei
Tang Xiaowei (Chinese: 唐孝威; pinyin: Tang Xiaowei, born October 1931) is a Chinese physicist who has made contributions to the Chinese applied physics field. He is an academician in Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and a professor at Zhejiang University.

Institute of High Energy Physics
The Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IHEP) (Chinese: 中国科学院高能物理研究所) is the largest and most comprehensive fundamental research center of high-energy physics in China. It is located in Shijingshan District, Beijing and administered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The major research fields of IHEP are particle physics, astrophysics and astroparticle physics, accelerator physics and technologies, radiation technologies, and their applications.

The institute co-publishes the journal, Radiation Detection Technology and Methods.
Principle of covariance
In physics, the principle of covariance emphasizes formulating physical laws using only those quantities whose measurements can be unambiguously correlated by observers in different frames of reference.

Mathematically, the physical quantities must transform covariantly, that is, under a certain representation of the group of coordinate transformations between admissible frames of reference of the physical theory. This group is referred to as the covariance group.

The principle of covariance does not require the physical laws to be invariant under the group of admissible transformations, although in most cases the equations are indeed invariant.  However, in the theory of weak interactions, the equations are not invariant under reflections (but are, of course, still covariant).

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.
The Things We Left Behind
The Things We Left Behind is the twelfth studio album released by Canadian country rock band Blue Rodeo, released on November 10, 2009.  It is their first studio double album, and is their longest album to date with a run time of 84 minutes.

The album was a longlisted nominee for the 2010 Polaris Music Prize.

2010 Polaris Music Prize
The 2010 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 20, 2010. The gala presentation was held at Toronto's Masonic Temple, and was hosted by Grant Lawrence of CBC Radio 3 and Sarah Taylor of MuchMusic.

The winning album, Karkwa's Les Chemins de verre, was the first French language album to win the award.
Felix (rapper)
Felix Yongbok Lee (born 15 September 2000), known mononymously as Felix (Korean: 필릭스), is an Australian rapper and singer based in South Korea. He is a member of the South Korean boy band Stray Kids, formed by JYP Entertainment in 2017.

In addition to his work with Stray Kids, Felix has worked as a host for various programs and serves as a brand ambassador for Louis Vuitton and a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF Korea, among others.

5-Star Dome Tour
The 5-Star Dome Tour was the first all-dome tour and third overall concert tour by South Korean boy band Stray Kids in support of their third studio album 5-Star and their third Japanese-language EP Social Path / Super Bowl (Japanese Ver.). It began in Fukuoka on August 16, 2023, and concluded in Tokyo on October 29, 2023. The tour received 341,000 attendees in Japan.
Nathalie Beaux-Grimal
Nathalie Beaux-Grimal (born 1960) is a French Egyptologist, a research associate at the Collège de France and the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology in Cairo (IFAO).

She was educated at Yale University and obtained a Ph.D. in Egyptology under Jean-Claude Goyon in Lumière University Lyon 2 with a thesis on the Botanical Garden of the Precinct of Amun-Re at Karnak (1989). From 1997 to 2005, she was French coordinator of Egyptology in the Faculty of Archeology at Cairo University in Giza. As part of the excavations of the IFAO, she participated in an expedition to the site of Deir el-Bahari, in collaboration with Janusz Karkowski of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw (PCMA UW). She is considered an expert on Thutmose III.

Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (/ˈkɑːr.næk/), comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt. Construction at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I (reigned 1971–1926 BC) in the Middle Kingdom (c. 2000–1700 BC) and continued into the Ptolemaic Kingdom (305–30 BC), although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the 18th Dynastic Theban Triad, with the god Amun as its head.

It is part of the monumental city of Thebes, and in 1979 it was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List along with the rest of the city. Karnak gets its name from the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) north of Luxor.
Ain al-Arous
Ain al-Arous (Arabic: عين العروس) is a Syrian village in Tal Abyad District, in Raqqa Governorate, located 3 km south of the city of Tal Abyad, 92 km north of the city of Raqqa, 200 km east of the city of Aleppo and 420 km north of the capital Damascus. It is near the border with Turkey. The Balikh River rises from it.

Raqqa Governorate
Raqqa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة الرقة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat ar-Raqqah; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Reqayê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in the north of the country and covers an area of 19,618 km2. The capital is Raqqa.
Harry Lowell
Harry Jason Lowell (born December 12, 1971) is an American television and feature film producer.  He is best known for producing television episodes of "Alaskan Steel Men", Modern Marvels and the feature film Locked In starring Ben Barnes, Eliza Dushku and Sarah Roemer.

Locked In (2010 film)
Locked In is a 2010 independent thriller drama film directed by Suri Krishnamma and written by Ronnie Christensen, starring Ben Barnes, Sarah Roemer and Eliza Dushku. It was shot in the United States under the working title of Valediction.
Irving Cleghorn
Irving Moffat Cleghorn (August 22, 1863 – November 14, 1929) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada.  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1929, as a member of the Manitoba Liberal Party.

Born in Moffat, Scotland, Cleghorn came to Canada with his family at the age of four. They settled in Wingham, Ontario. He studied medicine at the Manitoba Medical College and set up practice in Belmont, Manitoba in 1891, moving to Baldur the following year.  Cleghorn also operated a pharmacy in Baldur from 1903 until 1929. He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1927 provincial election, defeating Progressive incumbent Charles Cannon by 84 votes.

The election was won by the Progressive Party.  Cleghorn served on the opposition benches for the next two years and died at home in Baldur while still a member of the legislature.

Progressive Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Party of Manitoba, Canada, was a political party in Manitoba between 1920 and 1932, which was the year of its dissolution. It developed from the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM), an agrarian movement that became politically active following World War I.
Marżynek
Marżynek [marˈʐɨnɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zapolice, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) northeast of Zapolice and southwest of Zduńska Wola, and 44 km (27 mi) southwest of the regional capital Łódź.

Zduńska Wola
Zduńska Wola [ˈzduɲska ˈvɔla] ⓘ is a city in central Poland with 40,730 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of Zduńska Wola County in the Łódź Voivodeship. The city was once one of the largest cloth, linen and cotton weaving centres in Poland and is the birthplace of Saint Maximilian Kolbe as well as Maksymilian Faktorowicz, the founder of Max Factor cosmetics company.
1990 Swiss referendums
Ten referendums were held in Switzerland in 1990. The first six were held on 1 April on four popular initiatives, a federal resolution on viticulture and an amendment to the federal law on the organisation of the federal judiciary. The four popular initiatives were all related to roadbuilding; "Stop the concrete – for a limitation on road making," "for an autobahn-free countryside between Murten and Yverdon," "for an autobahn-free Knonauer Amt," and "for a free Aarelandschaft between Biel and Solothurn/Zuchwil." All six were rejected by voters.

The last four were held on 23 September on two popular initiatives to phase out nuclear power and to stop the construction of any new nuclear power plants, as well as on a federal resolution on the energy article in the Swiss Federal Constitution and an amendment to the federal law on road traffic. Whilst the nuclear power phase-out was rejected, the other three proposals were approved.

Solothurn
Solothurn (/ˈsoʊlətʊərn, ˈzoʊ-/ SOH-lə-toorn, ZOH-; Swiss Standard German: [ˈzoːlotʊrn] ⓘ; French: Soleure [sɔlœʁ]; Italian: Soletta [soˈletta]; Romansh: Soloturnⓘ) is a city, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It is located in the north-west of Switzerland on the banks of the Aare and on the foot of the Weissenstein Jura mountains.

The city is the only municipality of the district of the same name.

The city got its name from Salodurum, a Roman-era settlement. From 1530 to 1792 it was the seat of the French ambassador to Switzerland. The pedestrian-only old town was built between 1530 and 1792 and shows an impressive array of Baroque architecture, combining Italian Grandezza, French style, and Swiss ideas. The city has eighteen structures listed as heritage sites.

The official language of Solothurn is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Old Hall Comprehensive School
Old Hall Comprehensive School was a comprehensive school located in Kimberworth, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. It merged with Kimberworth Comprehensive School to form Winterhill School in September 2004.

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
Gavin de Becker
Gavin de Becker (born October 26, 1954) is an American security specialist and author. He has worked for governments, large corporations, and public figures. Reportedly a billionaire, he runs Gavin de Becker and Associates, which he founded in 1978. The firm protects and advises many of the world's most prominent public figures. He is the author of several books, most notably The Gift of Fear (1997).

Miguel Ferrer
Miguel José Ferrer (February 7, 1955 – January 19, 2017) was an American actor. His breakthrough role was as Bob Morton in the 1987 film RoboCop. Other film roles include Harbinger in Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993), Quigley in Blank Check, Eduardo Ruiz in Traffic (2000) and Vice President Rodriguez in Iron Man 3 (2013). Ferrer's notable television roles include FBI Agent Albert Rosenfield on Twin Peaks (1990–1991, 2017), Dr. Garret Macy on Crossing Jordan (2001–2007) and NCIS Assistant Director Owen Granger on NCIS: Los Angeles (2012–2017).

Ferrer also performed voice acting in animated projects, including Shan Yu in Mulan (1998), Tarakudo on Jackie Chan Adventures (2000–2005), Vandal Savage in Young Justice (2010–2012), and Delgado in Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 (2011).
Tomorrow University
Tomorrow University of Applied Sciences (abbreviated ToU), is a private, state-recognized university based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Founded in 2020 by entrepreneurs Christian Rebernik and Thomas Funke as a remote institution focused on sustainability, entrepreneurship, and technology.

The university offers undergraduate, graduate, and certificate programs entirely online through a challenge-based learning approach. In 2022, it received state recognition from the Hessian Ministry of Higher Education, Research, Science and the Arts, following evaluation by the Wissenschaftsrat and the program accreditation via the Foundation for International Business Administration Accreditation (FIBAA).

As of 2025, Tomorrow University reports more than 1,000 students from over 60 countries enrolled in programs taught in English and German.

Graduate diploma
A graduate diploma (GradD, GDip, GrDip, GradDip) is generally a qualification taken after completion of a first degree, although the level of study varies in different countries from being at the same level as the final year of a bachelor's degree to being at a level between a master's degree and a doctorate. In some countries the graduate diploma and postgraduate diploma are synonymous, while in others (particularly where the graduate diploma is at undergraduate degree level) the postgraduate diploma is a higher qualification.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Raphoe
See Diocese of Derry and Raphoe for the Anglican (Church of Ireland) counterpart

The Diocese of Raphoe (/rəˈfoʊ/ rə-FOH; Latin: Dioecesis Rapotensis; Irish: Deoise Ráth Bhoth) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland. It is one of eight suffragan dioceses in the inter-Irish primatial ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Armagh.

On 9 June 2017, Alan McGuckian was appointed Bishop of Raphoe and was ordained to the episcopate on 5 August 2017. On 13 November 2025 he was succeeded by Niall Coll.

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
Diane Cook (photographer)
Diane Cook (born 1954) is an American photographer.

Cook has frequently collaborated with her partner Len Jenshel. In 2017 they released the co-authored photo book Wise Trees.

Her work is included in collection of the Museum of Fine Arts Houston, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. The permanent collection of the museum spans more than 5,000 years of history with nearly 80,000 works from six continents. By gallery space, it is the second-largest art museum in the Americas. Following an eight-year campus redevelopment project in the 21st century, the Nancy and Rich Kinder Building opened in 2020.  In 2023, the museum received over 900,000 visitors, making it the 20th most-visited museum in the United States.
1963 Giro di Lombardia
The 1963 Giro di Lombardia was the 57th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 19 October 1963. The race started in Milan and finished in Como. The race was won by Jo de Roo of the Saint-Raphaël team.

Jo de Roo
Johan de Roo (born 5 July 1937) is a Dutch former professional road racing cyclist between 1958 and 1968. During 11 seasons as a professional he had six victories in single-day classics, three stages of the Tour de France and one stage of the Vuelta a España. He had 46 wins as a professional. He was the most successful rider from Zeeland until the emergence of Jan Raas.
Cawang railway station
Cawang Station (CW) is a class II railway station located at Jl. Tebet Timur Dalam 11, East Tebet, Tebet, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The station, which is located at the altitude of +26 meters, is included in Operational Area I Jakarta of Kereta Api Indonesia and only serves the KRL Commuterline route. Part of the station is located below Jakarta Inner Ring Road and M.T. Haryono street.

Although named as Cawang, administratively the station is not located in Cawang, Kramat Jati, East Jakarta, but is located some distance to the west of the subdistrict, and borders with Kebon Baru, Tebet, South Jakarta at its east. Despite sharing the same name, the KRL station is not to be confused with the unrelated Cawang LRT station on the Jabodebek LRT, which is actually located in Cawang District. Instead, this station interchanges with the Jabodebek LRT at Cikoko LRT station.

Kramat Jati, East Jakarta
Kramat Jati is a district (kecamatan) of East Jakarta, Indonesia. The boundaries of Kramat Jati are Jagorawi Toll Road to the east, Ciliwung to the west, and Jakarta-Cikampek Tollway to the north.

The Condet Area, known for its Betawi culture and agriculture, is located in Kramat Jati.