hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Olszowiec, Puławy County
Olszowiec [ɔlˈʂɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Markuszów, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. As of the latest available data, Olszowiec has a population of 5 residents

Puławy County
Puławy County (Polish: powiat puławski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was first established in 1867, but its current borders were established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Puławy, which lies 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin. The county also contains the towns of Nałęczów, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Puławy, and Kazimierz Dolny, 11 km (7 mi) south of Puławy.

The county covers an area of 933 square kilometres (360.2 sq mi). In 2019, its total population was 113,441, including 47,634 in Puławy, 3,749 in Nałęczów, 2,563 in Kazimierz Dolny and a rural population of 59,495.
Amazonas prison massacres
The Amazonas prison massacres occurred on 26–27 May 2019 after a series of riots at five different prisons in Amazonas, Brazil. 55 prisoners have thus far been killed. All the deaths involved inmates and all died from strangulation or stabbings. Authorities claim they have regained control of the prisons.

Stabbing
A stabbing is penetration or rough contact with a sharp or pointed object at close range. Stab connotes purposeful action, as by an assassin or murderer, but it is also possible to accidentally stab oneself or others. Stabbing differs from slashing or cutting in that the motion of the object used in a stabbing generally moves perpendicular to and directly into the victim's body, rather than being drawn across it.

Stab wounds is the specific form of penetrating trauma to the skin that results from stabbing.
Stabbings have been common among gangs and in prisons because knives are cheap, easy to acquire (or manufacture), easily concealable and relatively effective.
Stabbing has also been used in terrorism.
Nina Benner-Anderson
Nina Amanda Constantia Benner-Anderson (née Åhlande; 1865–1947) was a Swedish nurse, women's rights activist, suffragist, pacifist and politician. In 1906, She founded the Västerås branch of the National Association for Women's Suffrage in 1909, becoming a board member in 1909. In 1912, she was the first woman to be elected to the Västerås City Council. Benner-Anderson was one of the Swedish delegates at the 1915 Women's Peace Conference in the Hague and continued to support the cause for peace in the 1920s and 1930s. She was also politically active in the Free-minded National Association and a member for a time of the Liberal Women's Association (Frisinnade Kvinnors Riksförbund).

Västerås Municipality
Västerås Municipality (Swedish: Västerås kommun) is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Västerås.

The municipality prefers to use the denomination Västerås stad (City of Västerås) for the whole territory, including rural areas.

The municipality evolved gradually during the municipal reforms in Sweden.  Most of the amalgamations took place in 1967 and the municipality in its present form was created in 1971. There are 30 original local government units within the present municipality.
Fereydun
Fereydun (Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭫𐭩𐭲𐭥𐭭, romanized: Frēdōn; New Persian: فریدون, Fereydūn/Farīdūn), also known as Thraētaona (Avestan: 𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀), is a hero from Iranian mythical history and king from the Pishdadian dynasty. He is known as an emblem of victory, justice, and generosity in Persian literature.

According to Abolala Soudavar, Fereydun is partially a reflection of Cyrus the Great (r. 550 – 530 BC), the first Achaemenid King of Kings.

Avestan
Avestan (/əˈvɛstən/ ə-VESS-tən) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and was originally spoken during the Avestan period (c. 1500 – c. 400 BCE) by the Iranians living in eastern Greater Iran as evidenced from names in Avestan geography.

After Avestan became extinct, its religious texts were transmitted orally, then collected and put into writing during the Sasanian period (c. 400 – c. 500 CE). The extant material falls into two groups: Old Avestan (c. 1500 – c. 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 – c. 400 BCE). The immediate ancestor of Old Avestan was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language. As such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language.
International response to the Second Chechen War
Russia incurred much international criticism for its conduct during the Second Chechen War, which started in 1999. The governments of the United States and other countries condemned deaths and expulsions among civilians. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNHCR) passed two resolutions in 2000 and 2001 condemning human rights violations in Chechnya and requiring Russia to set up an independent national commission of inquiry to investigate the matter. However, a third resolution on these lines failed in 2004. The Council of Europe in multiple resolutions and statements between 2003 and 2007 called on Russia (a member of the Council) to cease human rights violations. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) between 2005 and 2007 conducted legal cases brought by Chechens against the Russian government, and in many of these cases held Russia responsible for deaths, disappearances and torture.

Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).
Archduke John of Austria
Archduke John of Austria (German: Erzherzog Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Österreich, IPA: [ˈɛʁt͡sˌheʁt͡sok ˈjoːhan]; Slovene: Nadvojvoda Janez Habsburško-Lotarinški (or simply Nadvojvoda Janez); 20 January 1782 – 11 May 1859), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, was an Austrian field marshal and imperial regent (Reichsverweser) of the short-lived German Empire during the Revolutions of 1848.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
Billy Watson (footballer, born 1890)
William Watson (born Richard Watson; 11 September 1890 – 1 September 1955) was an English international footballer who played as a wing half in The Football League either side of World War I.

He made over 340 league appearances for Burnley, and was capped on three occasions by England.

Outside football he was an ironmonger and also worked in his father's trade of painter and decorator. In World War I he served with the Royal Army Service Corps and was later a local councillor for the Liberal Party in his hometown of Southport.

Royal Army Service Corps
The Royal Army Service Corps (RASC) was a corps of the British Army responsible for land, coastal and lake transport, air despatch, barracks administration, the Army Fire Service, staffing headquarters' units, supply of food, water, fuel and domestic materials such as clothing, furniture and stationery and the supply of technical and military equipment. In 1965 its functions were divided between other Corps (RCT and RAOC) and the RASC ceased to exist; subsequently, in 1993, they in their turn (with some functions of the Royal Engineers) became the "Forming Corps" of the Royal Logistic Corps.
Lawrence baronets
There have been seven baronetcies created for persons with the surname Lawrence, one in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and five in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

Lawrence baronets of Iver (1628)

Lawrence, later Woollaston baronets, of Loseby (1748): see Woollaston baronets

Lawrence baronets of Lucknow (1858)

Lawrence baronets of the Army (1858): see Baron Lawrence

Lawrence baronets of Ealing Park (1867)

Lawrence baronets of Westbourne Terrace (1869): see Sir James Lawrence, 1st Baronet (1820–1897)

Lawrence baronets of Sloane Gardens (1906)

Lawrence baronets of Sloane Gardens (1906)
The Lawrence baronetcy, of Sloane Gardens in Chelsea, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 13 July 1906 for the administrator Walter Lawrence. He was Private Secretary to Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India from 1898 to 1905 and a member of the Council of India.
UEFA Euro 2020 statistics
The following article outlines statistics for UEFA Euro 2020, which took place across Europe from 11 June to 11 July 2021 after being postponed by a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Goals scored during penalty shoot-outs are not counted, and matches decided by a penalty shoot-out are considered draws.

North Macedonia national football team
The North Macedonia national football team (Macedonian: Фудбалска репрезентација на Македонија, romanized: Fudbalska reprezentacija na Makedonija) represents North Macedonia in men's international football. It is administered by the Football Federation of Macedonia. The team plays their home matches at the Toše Proeski National Arena in Skopje.

North Macedonia has reached Euro 2020 (its first major tournament) and the European qualifying play-off final of the 2022 World Cup (after defeating Germany in Duisburg and Italy in Palermo).
Alte Hehlenriede
Alte Hehlenriede is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany.

The source of the Alte Hehlenriede is the confluence of the Abdeckereigraben and the Ausbütteler Riede south of Gifhorn. It is a tributary of the Aller Canal at Winkel (a district of Gifhorn).

Aller Canal
The Aller Canal (German: Allerkanal) is a canal built in the mid-19th century in the German state of Lower Saxony. The canal is 18 kilometres (11 mi) long and runs between Wolfsburg and Gifhorn. It was built to protect agricultural land from flooding by the river Aller. The nearly straight canal carries water from the Aller more quickly than the river itself can in its meandering course through this section of the old glacial valley.
Uyukpa Rigpai Sengge
Uyukpa Rigpai Sengge (Tibetan:  'U yug pa rigs pa'i seng ge) in the 13th century was a Tibetan monk. He was disciple of  Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyeltsen (1182–1251, the fourth of the Five Sakya Forefathers (sa skya gong ma lnga), and is regarded as the foremost disciple of him in the field of epistemology (pramāṇa, tshad ma).

His collected works (gsung ’bum) were recently published in the Tibetan book series mes po'i shul bzhag (Chinese: Xianzhe yishu 先哲遗书) in 3 volumes.

His Commentaries on Treasury of Valid Cognition (tshad ma rigs gter) are regarded as one of  "the classics of Sakya School”.

In the Sakya tradition it was said that Tawen Lodro Gyaltsen, the Fifteenth Sakya Trizin (c. 1332 – c. 1364), was an expert in Dharmakīrti’s Pramāṇavārttika, his mastery surpassed only by  Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyeltsen and Uyukpa Rigpai Sengge.

Lotro Gyaltsen
Lotro Gyaltsen in orthographic spelling, bLo gros rgyal mts'an, was a ruler of Sakya, who lived from (1332-1365), his tribe had an important position of precedence in Tibet as an Imperial Preceptor under the Yuan dynasty. He reigned from 1347 to 1365; however, Sakya lost its influence in Central Tibet in 1354. In that way he was the last Sakya lord before the ascension of the new Phagmodrupa dynasty.
Make and mend
Make and mend is the term used in the Navy (notably Commonwealth of Nations navies) for an "afternoon off".

It is derived from the time of sailing ships when sailors would, occasionally but regularly, be allowed time to "make and mend" their uniforms, which were not then supplied by the Royal Navy.

Some sailors were, nevertheless, "on watch" to work (sail) the ship. The designated watch of sailors were still required to "turn to" if the ship's officers had to change the arrangement of the sails or rigging.

This afternoon off was often on Sunday. However, this time off was not a designated "holy day".

In the modern Royal Navy a Make and Mend would be usually be awarded to sailors who had been working during the night time hours, typical the Middle, Morning or Long Morning watches.

In Royal Navy training establishments, on Wednesday afternoons a "Sports Make and Mend" would be allocated to sailors to compete in inter-ship or inter-part games (such as football, rugby or hockey).

Rigging
Rigging comprises the system of ropes, cables and chains, which support and control a sailing ship or sail boat's masts and sails.  Standing rigging is the fixed rigging that supports masts including shrouds and stays.  Running rigging is rigging which adjusts the position of the vessel's sails and spars including halyards, braces, sheets and vangs.
Sahagún
Sahagún (Spanish pronunciation: [sa(a)ˈɣun]) is a town and municipality of Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León and the province of León. It is the main centre of population in the Leonese part of the Tierra de Campos natural region.

Sahagún contains some of the earliest examples of the mudéjar architecture. It lies on the Way of St. James and is often considered the half-way point between St. Jean Pied de Port and Santiago de Compostela. The Battle of Sahagún was a notable victory by the British light cavalry against their more numerous French adversaries in 1808.

The first settlement on the site grew up around the nearby Benedictine monastery consecrated to the saints Facundus and Primitivus. The name Sahagún is thought to derive from an abbreviation and variation on the name San Fagun ("Saint Facundus").

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
United States Attorney for the District of Louisiana
United States Attorney for the District of Louisiana is a defunct United States Attorney's office in Louisiana Territory and then the U.S. state of Louisiana from 1805 to 1823. The U.S. Attorney for Louisiana was the chief law-enforcement officer for the United States District Court for the District of Louisiana. The district was succeeded by the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana and the United States Attorney for the Western District of Louisiana.

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (in case citations, E.D. La.) is a United States federal court based in New Orleans.

Appeals from the Eastern District of Louisiana are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

As of March 1, 2021, the United States attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana is Duane A. Evans.
Mayookham
Mayookham is a 2005 Malayalam film directed by T. Hariharan. It stars Saiju Kurup and Mamta Mohandas in the lead roles. It was their debut movie and also the last Malayalam film for late Sujatha Menon.

Sujatha (actress)
Sujatha (10 December 1952 – 6 April 2011) was an Indian actress who worked in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films in addition to few in Kannada and Hindi languages as well. The actress was best known for restraint and subtlety in portrayal of varied emotions. After starring in numerous Malayalam films in her mother-tongue, Sujatha later got introduced to the Tamil film industry by veteran director K. Balachander and as a protagonist in her first Tamil film, Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974).
The Man Who Never Was
The Man Who Never Was is a 1956 British espionage thriller film produced by André Hakim and directed by Ronald Neame. It stars Clifton Webb and Gloria Grahame and features Robert Flemyng, Josephine Griffin and Stephen Boyd. It is based on the book of the same name by Lt Cmdr Ewen Montagu and chronicles Operation Mincemeat, a 1943 British intelligence plan to deceive the Axis powers into thinking the Allied invasion of Sicily would take place elsewhere in the Mediterranean.

The Man Who Never Was was entered into the 1956 Cannes Film Festival, and Nigel Balchin's screenplay won the BAFTA for that year.

BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay
The BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay was a British Academy Film Award from 1954 to 1967. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, children's film and television, and interactive media.

In the following lists, the titles and names in bold with a gold background are the winners and recipients respectively; those not in bold are the nominees. The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released, not the year of the ceremony, which always takes place the following year.

Since the death of Bryan Forbes in 2013, Frederic Raphael is the only surviving receipt of the award.
Type 633 heavy-lift ship
Type 633 heavy-lift ship is a type of little known naval auxiliary ship currently in service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).  The name of this class is after the first unit commissioned, with the exact type still remains unknown, and a total of three of this class have been confirmed in active service as of mid-2010s. Type 633 is mainly deployed in rescue and salvage operations.

Type 633 series in PLAN service are designated by a combination of two Chinese characters followed by three-digit number. The second Chinese character is Bo (驳), short for Bo-Chuan (驳船), meaning barge in Chinese, because these ships are classified as heavy-lift barges. The first Chinese character denotes which fleet the ship is service with, with East (Dong, 东) for East Sea Fleet, North (Bei, 北) for North Sea Fleet, and South (Nan, 南) for South Sea Fleet. However, the pennant numbers may have changed due to the change of Chinese naval ships naming convention.

Auxiliary ship
An auxiliary ship is a naval ship designed to support combatant ships and other naval operations. Auxiliary ships are not primary combatant vessels, though they may have some limited combat capacity, usually for purposes of self-defense.

Auxiliary ships are extremely important for navies of all sizes because if they were not present the primary fleet vessels would be unsupported. Thus, virtually every navy maintains an extensive fleet of auxiliary ships, however, the composition and size of these auxiliary fleets vary depending on the nature of each navy and its primary mission. Smaller coastal navies tend to have smaller auxiliary vessels focusing primarily on littoral and training support roles, while larger blue-water navies tend to have larger auxiliary fleets comprising longer-range fleet support vessels designed to provide support far beyond territorial waters.
Northern Transylvania Holocaust Memorial Museum
The Northern Transylvania Holocaust Memorial Museum (Romanian: Sinagoga din Șimleu Silvaniei) is located in Șimleu Silvaniei, Sălaj County, Romania, and was opened September 11, 2005. The museum is operated and maintained by the Jewish Architectural Heritage Foundation of New York and Asociația Memoraliă Hebraică Nușfalău (a Romanian NGO), with the support of the Claims Conference, Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, among other philanthropic and pedagogical partners.

Sălaj County
Sălaj County (Romanian pronunciation: [səˈlaʒ]; Hungarian: Szilágy megye) (also known as Land of Silvania, silva, -ae meaning "forest") is a county (județ) of Romania, located in the north-west of the country, in the historical regions of Crișana and Transylvania. It is bordered to the north by Satu Mare and Maramureș counties, to the west and south-west by Bihor County, and to the south-east by Cluj County. Zalău is the county seat, as well as its largest city.
February 2008 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Thursday, February 21, 2008, with an umbral magnitude of 1.1081. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 7.2 days after perigee (on February 13, 2008, at 20:00 UTC) and 6.8 days before apogee (on February 27, 2008, at 20:30 UTC).

This eclipse fell on the Lantern Festival, the first since March 4, 2007 local time in Asia.

Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.
Echium creticum
Echium creticum, the Cretan viper's bugloss, (syn. Echium calycinum Viv., Echium rubrum Moench, Echium sericeum Vahl, Echium violaceum L.) is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae. It is native to the western Mediterranean Basin. It is also used as an ornamental plant.

Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, has two significantly different circumscriptions as of December 2025. In the narrower circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu stricto is one of 11 families placed in the order Boraginales and includes about 90–120 genera. This approach was developed by the Boraginales Working Group. In the older, broader circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu lato is the only family in the order Boraginales, and includes about 155 genera.