hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Temple of Jupiter Apenninus
The Temple of Jupiter Apenninus or Temple of Jupiter Poeninus  was an Umbrian-Roman temple that lay at the foot of Monte Catria, near the modern village of Scheggia, between today's Umbria and Marche regions, in Italy.  The temple stood near the ancient Via Flaminia, 200 km (135 Roman miles) from Rome, where the road crossed the Apennines. The structure, once one of the most important Umbrian shrines, has now completely disappeared.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Kruszyniany
Kruszyniany [kruʂɨˈɲanɨ] (Polish Arabic: كروـشـنيانِ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krynki, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

In the past, the village was primarily a Lipka Tatar settlement. Up until this day, the Tatars still remain as the only minority in the village. The Tatars are Sunni Muslims. Sites of interest in the village include a wooden mosque from the 18th century (one of the two oldest in Poland), a Muslim cemetery, a Tatar centre and museum, and an Eastern Orthodox cemetery with an Orthodox church.

Around 1683, the Lipka Tatars were given land in Kruszyniany as a reward for aiding John III Sobieski in the Battle of Vienna and saving his life during the Battle of Párkány.

The village was named one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated November 20, 2012. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

Sokółka County
Sokółka County (Polish: powiat sokólski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It was created on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sokółka, which lies 39 kilometres (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Białystok. The county also contains the towns of Dąbrowa Białostocka, lying 30 km (19 mi) north of Sokółka, Krynki, lying 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Sokółka, and Suchowola, 33 km (21 mi) north-west of Sokółka.

The county covers an area of 2,054.42 square kilometres (793.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 67,055, out of which the population of Sokółka is 18,134, that of Dąbrowa Białostocka is 5,520, that of Krynki is 2,405, that of Suchowola is 2,183, and the rural population is 38,813.
Lubombo Region
Lubombo is a region of Eswatini, located in the east of the country. It has an area of 5,849.11 km2 and a population of 212,531 (2017). Its administrative center is Siteki. It borders all three other regions: Hhohho to the north, Manzini to the west, and Shiselweni to the south. It is divided into 11 tinkhundla.

Siteki
Siteki is a town in eastern Eswatini, lying west of the Lebombo Mountains, with an estimated population of 6,381 as of 2013.  It is named for a declaration of Mbandzeni permitting his troops to marry. The town name was listed as Stegi in the 1966 census, and the population then was 1,457.  The 1956 census counted 612 residents in Stegi.

It is also a place very dense populated in areas well known like Mzilikazi, along the road to town. It has two royal homes. Before Mzilikazi there is a Queen's home and then another one at Emoyen for the King.

Siteki is also a town that comprises different kinds of nations. As we know  there is  a refugee camp situated  at Mpaka, thus for making a lot of mixed people trading around the town. It is served by Siteki Airfield.

It is the birthplace of politician and businesswoman Savannah Maziya.

26°27′S 31°57′E﻿ / ﻿26.450°S 31.950°E﻿ / -26.450; 31.950
Nahum Sharfman
Nahum Sharfman (Hebrew: נחום שרפמן) was an Israeli tech entrepreneur who, along with Amir Ashkenazi, founded Shopping.com. Shopping.com was later acquired by eBay for $650 million. He was also the Chairman of social content sharing site eSnips Ltd.

Prior to shopping.com, Sharfman co-founded the IT security company Commtouch for which he served as the Chairman of the Board from its inception in February 1991 to November 1997. Commtouch IPO'ed in 2000.

Prior to starting his own ventures, Sharfman spent 11 years working for National Semiconductor. He received a Ph.D. in High Energy Nuclear Physics from Carnegie Mellon University and M.S. and B.S. degrees in Physics from the Technion, the Israel Institute of Technology.

Sharfman and his wife, Nava, died in a plane crash on the Mount Ainos in the Ioanian island of Cephallonia, Greece while en route to Corfu on April 29, 2009.

Shopping.com
Shopping.com is a price comparison service owned by eBay and operates websites in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Australia. Shopping.com started out with the name DealTime.com which now redirects users to Shopping.com.
Linear amplifier
A linear amplifier is an electronic circuit whose output is proportional to its input, but capable of delivering more power into a load. The term usually refers to a type of radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier, some of which have output power measured in kilowatts, and are used in amateur radio. Other types of linear amplifier are used in audio and laboratory equipment. Linearity refers to the ability of the amplifier to produce signals that are accurate copies of the input. A linear amplifier responds to different frequency components independently, and tends not to generate harmonic distortion or intermodulation distortion. No amplifier can provide perfect linearity however, because the amplifying devices—transistors or vacuum tubes—follow nonlinear transfer function and rely on circuitry techniques to reduce those effects. There are a number of amplifier classes providing various trade-offs between implementation cost, efficiency, and signal accuracy.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Frost Airship Glider
The Frost Airship Glider was an aircraft designed and constructed in Wales during the mid-1890s by William (Bill) Frost. According to patent specification 1894-20431, issued in London, the craft was simply called "A Flying Machine".

The preamble to the specification states:

The flying machine is constructed with an upper and lower chamber of wire work covered with light waterproof material. Each chamber formed sharp at both ends with parallel side.  The upper large chamber to contain sufficient gas to lift the machine. In the centre of upper chamber, a cylinder is fixed, in which a horizontal fan is driven by means of a shaft and bevelled gearing worked from the lower chamber.

According to local lore, Frost flew this machine for the only time on 24 September 1896, for approximately 500 metres, before coming down and crashing into bushes. A storm that night destroyed the craft and scattered the remains.

Preamble
A preamble (from Latin  preambulum 'preliminary, preface') is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy.  When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute.  It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law.

In the American context of parliamentary procedure, according to Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution.
Halifax Shopping Centre
Halifax Shopping Centre, located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, is Atlantic Canada's largest multi-building shopping centre. Opened in 1962 as an enclosed mall anchored by department store Eaton's, the shopping centre is now owned by Primaris REIT. The largest anchor tenants are La Maison Simons, Winners, and Sportchek, while Sobeys and Walmart anchor the Halifax Shopping Centre Annex property across Mumford Road. Halifax Shopping Centre is also home to Mumford Terminal, a Halifax Transit bus interchange.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 275
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 275 (P. Oxy. 275 or P. Oxy. II 275) is a fragment of a Contract of Apprenticeship, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated to 18 September 66. Currently it is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts, 794) in London.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Forrest Sheldon
Forrest K. Sheldon was an American film director, screenwriter and actor. He directed and wrote for 40 films from 1924 to 1940. Many of his films were westerns.

Sheldon was born in Trinidad, Colorado. He was educated in Los Angeles and began working at Kalem in 1914. He worked for various studios and worked on Ken Maynard films including Hell-Fire Austin. He also worked on Tom Keene and Buck Jones films.

Tom Keene (actor)
Tom Keene (born George Duryea; December 30, 1896 – August 4, 1963) was an American actor known mostly for his roles in B Westerns. During his almost 40-year career in motion pictures Tom Keene worked under three different names. From 1923, when he made his first picture, until 1930 he worked under his birth name, George Duryea. The last film he made under this name was Pardon My Gun. Beginning with the 1930 film Tol'able David, he used Tom Keene as his moniker. This name he used until 1944 when he changed it to Richard Powers. The first film he used this name in was Up in Arms. He continued to primarily use this name for the rest of his film career, though still used Tom Keene on occasion.
Georgia State Route 151
State Route 151 (SR 151) is a 31.5-mile-long (50.7 km) state highway that runs southwest-to-northeast through portions of Walker and Catoosa counties in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The route connects the LaFayette area with the southeastern part of the Chattanooga, Tennessee area.

Northwest Georgia
Northwest Georgia is a region of the state of Georgia in the United States. It includes 12 counties (listed in the section below), which at the 2010 census had a combined population of 753,032. Northwest Georgia includes some of the southernmost portions of the Appalachian Mountains, as opposed to Northeast Georgia, which holds the southernmost Blue Ridge, known locally as the North Georgia Mountains.

Bartow, Floyd, Haralson, Paulding, and Polk Counties are located on the outer northern fringe of the Atlanta metropolitan area, while the other counties are part of the Chattanooga, Tennessee metropolitan area. Much of the region is included in Georgia's 14th congressional district and is represented by Marjorie Taylor Greene.
Sharneyford
Sharneyford is a hamlet in Lancashire, England, on the A681 road between Bacup and Todmorden. It is home to one of the smallest schools in Britain, Sharneyford Primary School. Sharneyford Mill, located north of the school, was once the highest in England, at around 1,250 feet (380 m) above sea level; it has now been demolished. Further up the hill there was a chapel, which was replaced by church further down the hill; the chapel became an engine-house for the railway that provided transport to and from the mill, when the mill was destroyed, the engine-house was emptied and abandoned.

Todmorden
Todmorden (/ˈtɒdmərdən/ TOD-mər-dən; locally /ˈtɒdmɔːrdən, ˈtɒdmərdən, ˈtɔːmdɪn/) is a market town and civil parish in the Upper Calder Valley in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 kilometres) north-east of Manchester, 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Burnley and 9 miles (14 km) west of Halifax. In 2011, it had a population of 15,481.

Todmorden is at the confluence of three steep-sided Pennine valleys and is surrounded by moorlands with outcrops of sandblasted gritstone.

The historic boundary between Yorkshire and Lancashire is the River Calder and its tributary, Walsden Water, which run through the town. The administrative border was altered by the Local Government Act 1888 placing the whole of the town within the West Riding.

The town is served by Todmorden and Walsden railway stations.
Military ranks of Malta
The Military ranks of Malta are the military insignia used by the Armed Forces of Malta. Malta shares a rank structure similar to that of the United Kingdom, but has no sleeve insignia for its air wing. The Maltese armed forces inherited the rank system of the Royal Malta Artillery through its conversion to the 1st Regiment of the then Malta Land Force.

Royal Malta Artillery
The Royal Malta Artillery (RMA) was a regular artillery unit of the British Army prior to Malta's independence. It was formed in 1889, having been called the Royal Malta Fencible Artillery from 1861 until 1889.

Initially on the British Establishment, the regiment was disbanded in 1970 with its personnel and equipment being handed over to the Maltese Government and becoming part of the Malta Land Force.
Gamaleya Rock
Gamaleya Rock (71°44′S 10°43′E﻿ / ﻿71.733°S 10.717°E﻿ / -71.733; 10.717) is a rock 2 nautical miles (4 km) southeast of Smirnov Peak, marking the extremity of a line of rocks that extend east from the Shcherbakov Range, in the Orvin Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctic.

It was roughly plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. It was mapped from air photos and surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60; remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after the Russian Empire navigation scientist of Ukrainian origin Platon Yakovlevich Gamaleya.

Orvin Mountains
The Orvin Mountains (Norwegian: Orvinfjella) constitute a major group of mountain ranges, extending for about 100 km (62 mi) between the Wohlthat Mountains and the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains in Queen Maud Land. With its summit at 3,055 metres (10,023 ft), the massive Sandeggtind Peak forms the highest point in the Conrad Mountains, a subrange of the Orvin Mountains.
Oh My God (Guns N' Roses song)
"Oh My God" is a song by Guns N' Roses released in 1999 on the soundtrack to the film End of Days.  The song was sent to radio stations in November 1999 as a promo for the soundtrack and the band.  Despite being the band's first recorded release in almost five years, it was never issued as a stand-alone single for public retail. The song was written as the band was recording music for Chinese Democracy.

Sean Beavan
Sean Beavan is an American record producer and audio engineer best known for his work with Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, Guns N' Roses, God Lives Underwater, and Slayer. His production style is typically heavy, with heavily saturated guitars, but his work is diverse and wide-ranging as exemplified by bands like No Doubt to System of a Down, to indie bands like Thrice, Envy on the Coast, Hypernova (band), 8mm, and even death metal band Morbid Angel.
Valemax
Valemax ships are a fleet of very large ore carriers (VLOC) owned or chartered by the Brazilian mining company Vale S.A. to carry iron ore from Brazil to European and Asian ports. With a capacity ranging from 380,000 to 400,000 tons deadweight, the vessels meet the Chinamax standard of ship measurements for limits on draft and beam. Valemax ships are the largest bulk carriers ever constructed, when measuring deadweight tonnage or length overall, and are amongst the longest ships of any type currently in service.

The first Valemax vessel, Vale Brasil, was delivered in 2011. Initially, all 35 ships of the first series were expected to be in service by 2013, but the last ship was not delivered until September 2016. In late 2015 and early 2016, Chinese shipping companies ordered 30 more ships with deliveries in 2018–2020. Three additional vessels were ordered by a Japanese shipping company, bringing the total number of Valemax vessels to 68 as of 2020.

Vale S.A.
Vale (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvali]), formerly Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (Doce River Valley Company), is a Brazilian multinational corporation engaged in metals and mining and one of the largest logistics operators in Brazil. Vale is the largest producer of iron ore and nickel in the world. It also produces manganese, ferroalloys, copper, bauxite, potash, kaolin, and cobalt; as of 2014 the company operated nine hydroelectricity plants, and a large network of railroads, ships, and ports used to transport its products.

The company has had two catastrophic tailings dam failures in Brazil: Mariana, in 2015, and Brumadinho, in 2019; the Brumadinho dam disaster caused the company to lose its license to operate eight tailings dams in Minas Gerais, and its stock to drop nearly 25 percent in price.
Golden Horse Lifetime Achievement Award
The Golden Horse Lifetime Achievement Award (Chinese: 金馬獎終身成就獎) is an award presented annually at the Golden Horse Awards by the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival Executive Committee. The latest ceremony was held in 2025, with Chen Shu-fang receiving the honor.

Chen Shu-fang
Chen Shu-fang (Chinese: 陳淑芳; pinyin: Chén Shúfāng; born July 2, 1939) is a Taiwanese actress. She made her film debut in 1957 and television debut in 1971. In 2020, she was the recipient of the Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress at the 57th Golden Horse Awards.
Bowe Hill
Bowe Hill is a mountain in the Central New York Region of New York. It is located in the Town of Hartwick, southwest of Arnold Lake and northeast of Mount Vision. It was once referred to as Rye Hill due to the large quantities of cereal grain grown on its slopes.

Central New York Region
The Central New York Region (formerly the Central-Leatherstocking Region, also known as Leatherstocking Country) is a term used by the New York State Department of Economic Development to broadly describe the central region of New York for tourism purposes. The region roughly corresponds to the Mohawk and upper Susquehanna valleys. It is one of two partially overlapping regions that collectively identify as Central New York, the other being roughly equating to the Syracuse metropolitan area.
Manfredi II Chiaramonte
Manfredi II Chiaramonte (c. 1300–1353) was a Sicilian nobleman of the Chiaramonte family and Count of Modica. The son of Giovanni I "the Elder" and Lucca Palizzi, he became one of the leading figures of the kingdom’s "Latin" faction in the baronial wars against the Catalan party of Blasco II Alagona.

Louis, King of Sicily
Louis the Child (Italian: Ludovico or Luigi; 4 February 1338 – 16 October 1355) was King of Sicily (also known as "Trinacria") from 15 September 1342 until his death. He was a minor upon his succession, and was under a regency until 1354. His actual rule was short, for he died in an outbreak of plague the next year. His reign was marked by civil war.
Estadio Nuevo Monumental
Estadio Nuevo Monumental is a football stadium located in the city of Rafaela of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. The stadium is owned and operated by club Atlético de Rafaela. The stadium has a capacity of 14,660 spectators and was inaugurated in 1953. The venue changed its name to "Nuevo Monumental" after being refurbished to host Primera División matches in 2003.

Santa Fe Province
Santa Fe, officially Province of Santa Fe (Spanish: Provincia  de Santa Fe, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈfe], lit. "Holy Faith") is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco (divided by the 28th parallel south), Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero. Together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region.

Santa Fe's most important cities are Rosario (population 1,193,605), the capital Santa Fe (369,000), Rafaela (100,000), Reconquista (99,000) Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74,000), Venado Tuerto (69,000), and Santo Tomé (58,000).
Uchiumi Station
Uchiumi Station (内海駅, Uchiumi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Miyazaki City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu and is on the Nichinan Line. The station is distinct and at a different location from another station nearby of the same name which was opened in 1913 and closed in 1962.

Miyazaki Prefecture
Miyazaki Prefecture (宮崎県, Miyazaki-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.jaꜜ.(d)za.kʲi, -ja.(d)za.kʲi̥ꜜ.keɴ, -(d)zaꜜ.kʲi̥.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Miyazaki Prefecture has a population of 1,028,215 as of 1 January 2025 and has a geographic area of 7,735 km2 (2,986 sq mi). Miyazaki Prefecture borders Ōita Prefecture to the north, Kumamoto Prefecture to the northwest, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the southwest.

Miyazaki is the capital and largest city of Miyazaki Prefecture, with other major cities including Miyakonojō, Nobeoka, and Hyūga. Miyazaki Prefecture is located in southeastern Kyūshū on Japan's Pacific coast, with its coastline extending from Nobeoka near the entrance to the Bungo Channel to Shibushi Bay in Kushima.