hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Endogeneity
In a variety of contexts endogeneity is the property of being influenced within a system. It appears in specific contexts as such as economics, statistics, and social sciences. Specific examples are as follows:

In context of economics:

Endogeneity (econometrics)

Exogenous and endogenous variables in economic models

Endogenous growth theory in economics

Endogenous preferences in economics

Endogenous money

In context of biology and medicine:

Endogenous depression

Endogenous growth theory
Endogenous growth theory holds that economic growth is primarily the result of endogenous and not external forces. Endogenous growth theory holds that investment in human capital, innovation, and knowledge are significant contributors to economic growth. The theory also focuses on positive externalities and spillover effects of a knowledge-based economy which will lead to economic development. The endogenous growth theory primarily holds that the long run growth rate of an economy depends on policy measures. For example, subsidies for research and development or education increase the growth rate in some endogenous growth models by increasing the incentive for innovation.
Aoife O'Rourke
Aoife O'Rourke (born 2 July 1997) is an Irish amateur boxer. She won a gold medal in the 75kg category at the 2025 World Boxing Championships and a silver medal in the middleweight division at the 2025 IBA Women's World Championships. O'Rourke also won gold medals in the same weight category at the 2019,
 2022, and 2024 European championships
 as well at the 2023 European Games.
 She represented Ireland at the 2024 Summer Olympics but lost in the first round.

2019 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships
The  2019 Women’s European Boxing Championships was hosted and organized by the Spanish Boxing Federation in Pabellón Amaya Valdemoro, Alcobendas, Spain in 2019. The event was held from 24 to 31 August 2019. The tournament was organized in association with the European Boxing Confederation (EUBC).
Finite sphere packing
In mathematics, the theory of finite sphere packing concerns the question of how a finite number of equally-sized spheres can be most efficiently packed. The question of packing finitely many spheres has only been investigated in detail in recent decades, with much of the groundwork being laid by László Fejes Tóth.

The similar problem for infinitely many spheres has a longer history of investigation, from which the Kepler conjecture is most well-known. Atoms in crystal structures can be simplistically viewed as closely-packed spheres and treated as infinite sphere packings thanks to their large number.

Sphere packing problems are distinguished between packings in given containers and free packings. This article primarily discusses free packings.

Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (pl.: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a  triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra.

The tetrahedron is the three-dimensional case of the more general concept of a Euclidean simplex, and may thus also be called a 3-simplex.

The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron, the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".

Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.

For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.
Language shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer, language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different language, usually over an extended period of time. Often, languages that are perceived to be of higher-status stabilize or spread at the expense of other languages that are perceived—even by their own speakers—to have lower status. An example is the shift from Gaulish to Latin during the time of the Roman Empire.

Language assimilation may operate alongside other aspects of cultural assimilation when different cultures meet and merge.

Cockney
Cockney is a dialect of the English language mainly spoken in London, particularly by Londoners from working-class and lower-middle-class families. The term Cockney is also used as a demonym for a person from the East End, or, traditionally, born within earshot of Bow Bells.

Estuary English is an intermediate accent between Cockney and Received Pronunciation, also widely spoken in and around London, as well as in wider South East England. In multicultural areas of London, the Cockney dialect is, to an extent, being replaced by Multicultural London English—a new form of speech with significant Cockney influence.
Nodi Swamy Navirodu Hige
Nodi Swamy Navirodu Heege (Kannada: ನೋಡಿ ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ನಾವಿರೋದು ಹೀಗೆ ; English : Look Sir, this is the way we are) is a 1983 Indian Kannada language film directed by and starring Shankar Nag. It also stars Master Manjunath ("Chottey"), Arundhati Nag, and Ramesh Bhat in prominent roles.

The music was composed by noted composer G. K. Venkatesh. The title song became a commercial success and gained widespread popularity across audiences of all ages. Bhimsen Joshi performed a song in the film at the request of G. K. Venkatesh.

Loknath
C. H. Loknath (14 August 1927 – 31 December 2018) was an Indian actor who made more than 1000 Kannada plays and 650 films. Loknath is affectionately known as "Uncle Loknath" or "Uppinakayi"  in the industry. His last performance was in a Star Suvarna Channel's TV series titled Priyadarshini.
Sainte-Anne Parish, New Brunswick
Sainte-Anne is a geographic parish in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes it is divided between the town of Vallée-des-Rivières and the Northwest rural district, both of which are members of the Northwest Regional Service Commission.

Before the 2023 governance reform, the parish outside the village of Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska formed the local service district of the parish of Sainte-Anne, part of which was included in Vallée-des-Rivières by the reforms

Madawaska County, New Brunswick
Madawaska County (2021 population 32,603), also known as the "New Brunswick Panhandle", is located in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. 94% of the county’s population speaks French (88% as first language, 6.1% as second language). Its Francophone population are known as "Brayons." Forestry is the major industry in the county.
Yiren
King Zhuangxiang of Qin, personal name Yiren

Rong Yiren (1916-2005), entrepreneur and former Vice-President of the People's Republic of China

Jocelyn Wang (Wang Yiren), Taiwan actress and news anchor

Yiren, a singer in the South Korean girl group Everglow

King Zhuangxiang of Qin
King Zhuangxiang of Qin (281– 6 July 247 BCE), personal name Ying Yiren (嬴異人), Ying Ziyi or Ying Zichu, was a king of the state of Qin. He was the father and predecessor of Qin Shi Huang, who would later unify China proper and become China's first emperor. He was posthumously honored as a Taishang Huang by the Qin dynasty.
Maria Zaharia
Maria Ion Zaharia, also known as Măriuca Zaharia (1905 – 6 August 1917), was a Romanian girl who acted as an impromptu artillery observer for the Romanian Army and was killed during the Battle of Mărășești.

Battle of Mărășești
The Battle of Mărășești (6 August 1917 – 3 September 1917) was the last major battle fought by the Central Powers against the Kingdom of Romania and Russia on the Romanian front during World War I. Romania was mostly occupied by the Central Powers, but the Battle of Mărășești kept the northern region of the country free from occupation.
Chaplino dialect
The Chaplino dialect (also known as Chaplinski dialect, Chaplinski Yupik, Eskimo Uŋaziq and Chaplinski language) is a dialect of the Central Siberian Yupik language spoken by the indigenous Eskimo people along the coast of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the Russian Far East, in the villages of Novoye Chaplino ("New Chaplino"), Provideniya, Uelkal and Sireniki. The Chaplino dialect is named after the village of Chaplino (also known as "Old Chaplino"; native name is "Уӈазиӄ" (Uŋaziq), from уӈаӄ "whisker" + suffix -зиӄ/-сиӄ). The Chaplino dialect is spoken by the majority of Russian Yuits.

The Chaplino dialect is close in lexicon and grammar to that of the St. Lawrence Island Yupik dialect ("Sivuqaghmiistun").

Provideniya
Provideniya (Russian: Провиде́ния, IPA: [prəvʲɪˈdʲenʲɪjə]; Chukchi: Гуврэл Guvrel) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Providensky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on Komsomolskaya Bay (a part of Providence Bay) in the northeastern part of the autonomous okrug, across the Bering Strait from Alaska, and very close to the International Date Line. The population has declined in recent decades:  1,970 (2010 Census); 2,723 (2002 Census); 5,432 (1989 Soviet census).
Sony α
Sony α (the lower case Greek letter alpha, often transliterated as Sony Alpha) is a brand of digital camera. This line has been active since 2006, building upon the Konica Minolta camera technologies, whose assets were acquired by Sony.

Alpha
Alpha /ˈælfə/ ⓘ ALF-ə (uppercase Α, lowercase α) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter aleph ⟨𐤀⟩, whose name comes from the West Semitic word for 'ox'. Letters that arose from alpha include the Latin letter ⟨A⟩ and the Cyrillic letter ⟨А⟩.
Golden Trout Creek
Golden Trout Creek is an approximately 9-mile (14 km) long tributary of the Kern River, flowing in northeastern Tulare County, California.

The creek drains an area of the High Sierra Nevada in the Inyo National Forest. Volcano Creek is a tributary of it.

Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.
TreVeyon Henderson
TreVeyon Henderson (born October 22, 2002) is an American professional football running back and kickoff returner for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes, winning a national championship in 2025. Henderson was selected by the Patriots in the second round of the 2025 NFL draft.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
EntireX
EntireX DCOM is a commercial implementation of Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) technology by Software AG for the Windows, AIX, HP/UX, Solaris, Linux, AS/400, z/OS, z/VM, and BS2000/OSD platforms.

Software AG
Software GmbH, trading as Software AG, is a German multinational software corporation that develops enterprise software for business process management, integration, and big data analytics. Founded in 1969, the company is headquartered in Darmstadt, Germany, and has offices worldwide.

In 2023, Silver Lake and Bain Capital made separate offers to buy the German company. In June, Software AG had most of its controlling interest acquired by Silver Lake, in a deal valued at 2.4 billion euros.
1873 Edinburgh and St. Andrews Universities by-election
The 1873 Edinburgh and St. Andrews Universities by-election was held on 4 December 1873.  The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Lyon Playfair, becoming Postmaster General.  It was retained by Playfair, who was unopposed.

Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities
Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities was a university constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1868 until 1918. It was merged with the Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities constituency to form the Combined Scottish Universities constituency.
Cândido Lorenzo González
Cândido Lorenzo González (23 September 1925 – 17 December 2019) was a Spanish Catholic bishop who served in Brazil. He was a member of the Order of Our Lady of Mercy (Mercedarians).

Lorenzo González was born in Spain and was ordained  to the priesthood in 1954. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of São Raimundo Nonato, Brazil from 1969 to 2002.

Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy
The Royal, Celestial and Military Order of Our Lady of Mercy and the Redemption of the Captives (Latin: Ordo Beatae Mariae de Mercede Redemptionis Captivorum, abbreviated O. de M.), also known as the Mercedarians, is a Catholic mendicant order established in 1218 by Peter Nolasco in the city of Barcelona, at that time the capital of the Principality of Catalonia, part of the Crown of Aragon, for the redemption of Christian captives. Its members are most commonly known as Mercedarian friars or nuns. One of the distinguishing marks of the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy is that, since its foundation, its members are required to take a fourth vow: to die, if necessary, for another who is in danger of losing their faith. The Order exists today in 17 countries.
Württemberg regional football team
The Württemberg regional football team is the amateur association football team representing Württemberg, Germany. The team competes in the German Football Association's annual U21 Länderpokal under the auspices of the Württemberg Football Association. The team has also been Germany's representative in the UEFA Regions' Cup four times.

Länderpokal
The Länderpokal (English: States Cup) is the oldest cup competition of the German Football Association. It came into existence as the Kronprinzenpokal (English:Crown Prince Cup) but has changed its name various times since. The cup is held annually at the Sportschule Duisburg-Wedau. Contestants in the cup are teams of the 21 regional football associations, composed of youth players from that area. Also guest teams are invited each year since 2005, which play in the competition but will not be awarded a place in the final standings.

In the past, the cup was contested by senior regional selections, later by senior amateur selections from the Amateur-Oberligas and below. In the mid-1990s, this was changed to Under-21 selections. In 1981 the a women's competition was introduced. Record titleholder for the men's competition is the Bavarian football association.
Parade (GO!GO!7188 album)
Parade (パレード, Parēdo) is a 2006 album by Japanese rock band GO!GO!7188. Parade featured production by Shigekazu Aida, Akito Katayose of Great 3 and Shinya Okuno of Soul Flower Union. It was the band's first original album to use an English title. In celebration of the 25th anniversary of GO!GO!7188's debut, Parade was released on vinyl for the first time in January 2026. This edition included several bonus tracks, such as the song "Kami-sama no Hima Tsubushi", originally from the Best of GO!GO! compilation album.

The album peaked at number four on the Oricon albums chart. Writing for The Japan Times, Daniel Robson was positive of the album, calling it "an edgy pop record that shines" and noted "nods to Radiohead, Muse and Shiina Ringo." Actress and singer Non cited the track "Ameagari Asphalt Atarashii Kutsu de" as one of the "important songs from [her] teenage years."

Rena Nōnen
Rena Nōnen (sometimes spelled as Rena Nounen) (能年 玲奈, Nōnen Rena; born July 13, 1993), known professionally as Non (のん, Non), is a Japanese actress, fashion model and singer from Kamikawa, Hyōgo Prefecture. She is best known for her lead roles on the NHK drama series Amachan (2013). In July 2016, it was announced that she changed her stage name to Non (のん, Non). She started releasing her own music in 2017 under her own label with her debut single, Ohirome Pack, and released her debut album, Super Heroes, in 2018.
Goght
Goght (Armenian: Գողթ; formerly Goghot) is a village in the Kotayk Province of Armenia, located on the right bank of the upper-Azat River. It is known from 13th-century manuscripts as Goghot. It is located near Garni and sits along the road leading to Geghard Monastery. The village has a small ruined basilica from the 17th or 18th century located straight down a dirt road from the main square. Some khachkars are built into the exterior walls of the church, as well as at its altar. Goght sits overlooking a large gorge and upon a promontory on the other side is the 11th- to 13th-century monastery of Havuts Tar. It may be reached by foot from the town, but more easily from Garni via the Garni Gorge. The community has a school, kindergarten, house of culture, and a library. The local economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, based primarily on grain farming, orchard cultivation, and cattle-breeding.

Azat (river)
The Azat (Armenian: Ազատ) is a river in the Kotayk Province of Armenia. Its source is on the western slope of the Geghama mountains. It flows through Garni, Lanjazat and Arevshat, before reaching the Aras near Artashat. The main purpose of the Azat dam irrigation and hydro power generation. Its hazard potential is ranked to be high.

The Azat is known in Armenia for its beauty. It flows for 55 kilometers and has a basin that occupies 572 square kilometers. The Azat passes through the Khosrov State Reserve. In its lower reaches, the river flows into the Ararat valley. The Azat is known for its numerous spectacular waterfalls and its rock choked riverbed.
Upper Azat Valley was listed to UNESCO world heritage site in 2000 with Geghard Monastery.
Yun-seo
Yun-seo, also spelled Yun-suh, or Yoon-seo, Yoon-suh, is a Korean given name. It was among the top 10 most popular name for newborn girls in South Korea in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2013 (see List of the most popular given names in South Korea).

People with this name include:

Kim Yoon-seo (born 1986), South Korean actress

Jo Yun-seo (born 1993), South Korean actress sometimes credited mononymously as Yoon Seo

Fictional characters with this name include:

Kim Yoon-seo, in 2006 South Korean film Forbidden Quest

Jung Yoon-seo, in 2010 South Korean television series Gloria

Kang Yoon-seo, in 2011 South Korean television series Baby Faced Beauty

Cha Yoon-seo, in 2013 South Korean television series Good Doctor

Baby Faced Beauty
Baby Faced Beauty (Korean: 동안미녀; RR: Donganminyeo) is a 2011 South Korean television series starring Jang Na-ra, Choi Daniel, Ryu Jin, and Kim Min-seo. It aired on KBS2 from May 2 to July 5, 2011 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes. The drama is about an aspiring 34-year-old fashion designer who fakes her age to get a job in a fashion company.

The romantic comedy had kicked off with a viewership rating of around 6 percent, but gradually rose and surpassed the 15 percent mark. Originally slated for 18 episodes, it was extended by 2 more episodes due to its popularity. It ranked number one in its primetime timeslot for five consecutive weeks.
Ediofe Hills FC
Ediofe Hills FC is a Ugandan football club in Arua, Uganda. It is one of the many clubs that play in different leagues of Uganda. Currently it competes in lower divisions. They played a single season in the top level of Ugandan professional football, the Ugandan Super League, in 2007–08.

Uganda Premier League
The Uganda Premier League, known as the StarTimes Uganda Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Uganda and the highest level of the Ugandan football league system. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Federation of Uganda Football Associations (FUFA). Seasons usually run from September to February, with each team playing 30 matches: two against each other team, one home and one away. Most games are played on weekend afternoons, with occasional weekday evening fixtures.

The league was previously known as the Uganda Super League but changed in the 2014–15 season after new management taking over. The league's roots date back to 1968 when the National First Division League was established.
2014 Japan Women's Open
The 2014 Japan Women's Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the Japan Women's Open, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2014 WTA Tour. It was held at the Utsubo Tennis Center in Osaka, Japan, from October 6 through October 12, 2014. First-seeded Samantha Stosur won the singles title.

WTA International tournaments
The WTA International tournaments was a category for tennis tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association from the 2009 WTA Tour until 2020, which replaced the previous Tier III and Tier IV categories. As of 2021, these events have been reclassified as WTA 250 tournaments. The winner of a WTA 250 tournament adds 250 points to her WTA ranking.

For the 2025 season, there were 21 WTA 250, all knock-out tournaments with a prize money for every event at $275,094.
Agathe de La Boulaye
Agathe de La Boulaye is a French film and television actress. She played Adele Rousseau in 2004 science fiction film Alien vs. Predator. In 2008 she played quadriplegic psychiatrist Claire Etxebarra in the television series Disparitions, retour aux sources.

Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis (paraplegia is similar but affects the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord, and arm function is retained). The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic. A loss of sensory function can present as an impairment or complete inability to sense light touch, pressure, heat, pinprick/pain, and proprioception. In these types of spinal cord injury, it is common to have a loss of both sensation and motor control.