hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teaching Philosophy
Teaching Philosophy is a peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the practical and theoretical discussion of teaching and learning philosophy, that is philosophy education. Established by Arnold Wilson in 1975, it has published more than 2,500 articles and reviews in this field. Notable contributors include Norman Bowie, Myles Brand, Peter Caws, Angela Davis, Daniel Dennett, Alasdair MacIntyre, Rosalind Ladd, Michael Pritchard, Anita Silvers, and Robert C. Solomon. Members of the American Association of Philosophy Teachers and the Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization have access as a benefit of membership. This journal has a Level 1 classification from the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies. and a SHERPA/RoMEO "green" self-archiving policy. It is published on behalf of the Teaching Philosophy Association by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Peter Caws
Peter J. Caws (May 25, 1931 – April 20, 2020) was a British American philosopher and administrator, and University Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Human Sciences at the George Washington University.
Verso (music)
The verso is a genre in Iberian organ music, a local variant of the organ mass verset or alternatim.

The most prominent examples of the verso or verset in Spanish Baroque organ music are the Versos tertii toni of Antonio Cabezón, and Verso para orquesta of Ignacio de Jerusalem with lesser known examples such as Versos de quatro tono of Carmelite friar Pedro Carrera y Lanchares and Versos de Kyrie of Portuguese composer Manuel Rodrigues Coelho. The vocal lines were not always sung, and today usually not performed or recorded.

Modern compositions paying homage to the Baroque verso include Roberto Sierra (b.1953) 4 Versos for cello and orchestra.

Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (30 March 1510 – 26 March 1566) was a Spanish Renaissance composer and organist. Blind from childhood, he quickly rose to prominence as a performer and was eventually employed by the royal family. He was among the most important composers of his time and the first major Iberian keyboard composer.
Westside School
Westside School can refer to many schools including:

Westside School (Gibraltar)

Las Vegas Grammar School (Washington and D Streets, Las Vegas, Nevada) or Westside School

Westside School, now the Garfield School in the Olympia School District in Thurston County, Washington, U.S.

Westside School, Gibraltar
Westside School or simply Westside is a comprehensive school in the British territory of Gibraltar.

The school opened in 1982, and was built in order to provide education to the students of the former Girls' Comprehensive School, previously spread over three different sites, and itself an amalgamation of four girls' schools: Loreto High School, St. Joseph's Secondary School, St. Margaret's School, and St. David's Commercial School.

It was formerly only for girls, but as of 2021 is coeducational.
Frank Steinhäuser
Frank Steinhäuser is a German coxswain.

Steinhäuser coxed for Wolfgang Neuß and Klaus-Günter Jordan from 1962 to 1964. In 1962, they won the gold medal at the West German national championships, qualifying for the inaugural World Rowing Championships. At the 1962 World Rowing Championships in Lucerne, they became the first world championship titleholders in the coxed pair. They continued their success by winning the title again at the 1963 West German national championships. However, in the 1964 West German national championships, they finished in third place.

Steinhäuser is a member of RC Nassovia Höchst, and in 2012, he was awarded a prize for 50 years of membership at the rowing club.

Coxswain (rowing)
In a rowing crew, the coxswain (/ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən or /ˈkɒksweɪn/ KOK-swayn; colloquially known as the cox or coxie) is a crewmember who does not row but directs the boat. The coxswain sits facing the bow, unlike the rowers, and is responsible for steering the boat and coordinating the power and rhythm of the rowers. The coxswain's role while on the water is similar to that of an assistant coach or team captain, and they are sometimes also called upon to implement the training regimen or race plan.

In most racing, coxswains may be of either sex regardless of the sex of the rowers. Often they are women, since women are more likely to be near the ideal weight of a cox, which is 110 lbs or 120 lbs for USRowing and 55 kg for World Rowing (see Sex, and Weight, below).
Nicola Gliri
Nicola Gliri (1630 -1687) (pronounced "Leary"), called in Latin Nicolaus Glirus, was an Italian Baroque painter active in the region of Apulia.

He was born in Bitonto, but his best known works were completed alongside Carlo Rosa for the Basilica di San Nicola in Bari. Both are said to have been pupils of Paolo Finoglio. The work was commissioned by the prior Giovanni Montero (1655-1674) and consisted of six lunettes in the crypt, with one signed 1660.

Gliri also painted a Madonna delle Sette Dolori with Saints Francis of Assisi and Francis Xavier (1684-1686) for the Cathedral of Ruvo.

Among his pupils was Vitantonio De Filippis.

Ruvo Cathedral
Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption in Ruvo di Puglia (Italian: Concattedrale di Ruvo di Puglia, Concattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, Duomo di Ruvo di Puglia) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Ruvo di Puglia, an historic and a City of Art in Apulia, southern Italy, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. Formerly the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Ruvo, it is now a co-cathedral in the Diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi. The building is an important example of late Apulian Romanesque architecture, built between the 12th and 13th centuries, with several later alterations.
Androidland
Androidland was an Android-themed pop-up store, created by the carrier Telstra in collaboration with Google, on Bourke Street, Melbourne, Australia, in December 2011.

The store was themed heavily in green, featuring several Android "green robot" sculptures. In the store, Telstra provided visitors with an interactive spaceship zone that featured a flight simulator (via the Google Earth software, a Liquid Galaxy set-up), and also included a massive screen on which visitors could play Angry Birds. It further featured scented areas with gingerbread and grass aromas, called "Android grass", to further immerse visitors.

Liquid Galaxy
The Liquid Galaxy is an open source project founded by Google. Created in 2008 by Google employee Jason Holt, the Liquid Galaxy started out as a panoramic multi-display Google Earth viewer, but shifted to a general data visualization tool for various uses including operations, marketing, and research.

The Liquid Galaxy enables users to navigate Google Earth, view videos and photos, develop interactive tours, and graphically display GIS data.

Liquid Galaxies are regularly used by Google to showcase Google's geospatial technologies and to promote its image at trade shows and exhibits. Some companies, nonprofits (e.g. Sylvia Earle Alliance/Mission Blue), and universities (e.g. Auburn University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Westfield State University) use Liquid Galaxies.
5th Searchlight Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 5th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (5 AA Bde) was an air defence formation of the British Army during the Second World War. It was formed as a searchlight brigade to protect the British Expeditionary Force's bases just before the Battle of France. After the Dunkirk evacuation it was reformed as a conventional anti-aircraft (AA) brigade and served through the rest of the war in Anti-Aircraft Command, defending various parts of the United Kingdom against bombing raids and V-1 flying bombs. It continued to serve in the Regular Army during the early postwar years.

21st Army Group
The 21st Army Group was a British headquarters formation formed during the Second World War. It controlled two field armies and other supporting units, consisting primarily of the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army. Established in London during July 1943, under the command of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), it was assigned to Operation Overlord, the Western Allied invasion of Europe, and was an important Allied force in the European Theatre. At various times during its existence, the 21st Army Group had additional British, Canadian, American, and Polish field armies or corps attached to it. The 21st Army Group operated in Northern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany from June 1944 until August 1945, when it was renamed the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR).
Harmonia Caelestis
Harmonia Caelestis is a cycle of 55 sacred cantatas attributed to the Hungarian composer  Paul I, 1st Prince Esterházy of Galántha (1635–1713) and published in 1711. They are in the Baroque style and incorporate traditional Hungarian and German melodies. Each of the cantatas consists of one movement. They are composed for solo voices (the majority for one solo voice, although there are some duets), choir, and orchestra (including violas, violone, harp, bassoon, theorba, violins, flutes, trumpets, organ, timpani).

Péter Esterházy's 2001 novel Harmonia Caelestis takes its name from the composition.

Violone
The term violone (Italian pronunciation: [vi.oˈloːne, vjo-]; literally 'large viol', -one being the augmentative suffix) can refer to several distinct large, bowed musical instruments which belong to either the viol or violin family.  The violone is sometimes a fretted instrument, and may have six, five, four, or even only three strings. The violone is also not always a contrabass instrument. In modern parlance, one usually tries to clarify the 'type' of violone by adding a qualifier based on the tuning (such as "G violone" or "D violone") or on geography (such as "Viennese violone"), or by using other terms that have a more precise connotation (such as "bass violin", "violoncello", or "bass viol"). The term violone may be used correctly to describe many different instruments, yet distinguishing among these types can be difficult, especially for those not familiar with the historical instruments of the viol and violin families and their respective variations in tuning.
Turcaret
Turcaret (or Le Financier) is a comedy by Alain-René Lesage, first produced on 14 February 1709 at the Comédie-Française in Paris. It is considered one of Lesage's most important works.

The play shows clear signs of having been written by an admirer of Molière, and has much in common with his 1664 comedy Tartuffe.

Comédie-Française
The Comédie-Française (French: [kɔmedi fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ⓘ), or Théâtre-Français (French: [teɑtʁ(ə) fʁɑ̃sɛ] ⓘ), is a state theatre in France. Founded in 1680, it is the oldest active theatre company in the world. Established as a French state-controlled entity in 1995, it is one of the few in the nation and the only to have its own permanent troupe of actors. The company's primary venue is the Salle Richelieu, a part of the Palais-Royal complex located at 2 Rue de Richelieu on Place André-Malraux in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.

The theatre has also been known as the Théâtre de la République, and popularly as "La Maison de Molière" (The House of Molière). It acquired the latter name from the troupe of its best-known playwright, Molière, considered the patron of French actors. He died seven years before his troupe became known as the Comédie-Française, but the company continued to be known as "La Maison de Molière" even after the official change of name.
KMIS (AM)
KMIS (1050 kHz, "Sports Radio 1050 & 103.9") is an American AM radio station licensed to serve the community of Portageville, Missouri.  The station's broadcast license is held by Pollack Broadcasting Company.

KMIS operates as a daytime-only broadcaster to prevent skywave interference with clear-channel stations WEPN in New York City, KTCT in San Mateo, California, and XEG-AM in Guadalupe, Nuevo León, Mexico. The station broadcasts a sports format branded "Sports Radio 1050" as an affiliate of Fox Sports Radio. Syndicated programming includes The Dan Patrick Show and The Jim Rome Show from Premiere Networks.

The station was assigned the call sign "KMIS" by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

Sports Radio 1050 is simulcast on sister station 103.9 FM KMIS-FM.

San Mateo, California
San Mateo is the most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It is part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan region, and is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco. San Mateo borders Burlingame to the north, Hillsborough to the west, San Francisco Bay and Foster City to the east and Belmont to the south. The population was 105,661 at the 2020 census.  Some of the biggest economic drivers for the city include technology, health care and education.
2007 Churchill Cup
The 2007 Churchill Cup was held from May 18 to June 2, 2007. It was the fifth year of the Churchill Cup. Six rugby union teams took part: Canada, England Saxons, Ireland A, New Zealand Māori, Scotland A, and the USA.

England A national rugby union team
England A is England's men's second national rugby union team. The team has previously been known by a number of names, such as England B, Emerging England and, most recently, England Saxons. England A were unbeaten for 13 games until losing to Ireland A, now known as Ireland Wolfhounds, in the 2009 Churchill Cup Final on 21 June 2009.

England A was one of three sides that regularly competed in the now-defunct annual Churchill Cup competition, the others being the full national teams of Canada and the United States. From 2006 onwards, they also regularly played two matches against other European countries in parallel with the full Six Nations Championship.
Scottish Slaters, Tilers, Roofers and Cement Workers' Society
The Scottish Slaters', Tilers', Roofers' and Cement Workers' Society was a trade union representing slaters in Scotland.

The union was founded in Glasgow in 1866 as the Amalgamated Slaters' Society of Scotland, and initially focused on providing strike pay and funeral benefits to members.  When the City of Glasgow Bank collapsed in 1878, most building projects in Scotland stopped, and of the trade unions representing building workers in the nation, only the Amalgamated Slaters survived.  This survival started a period of great success for the union; slaters went from being the worst-paid building workers to the best paid, and membership rose, reaching a peak of 1,383 by 1903.  However, it thereafter fell gradually.

In 1948, the union was renamed as the "Scottish Slaters', Tilers', Roofers' and Cement Workers' Society" in an effort to increase its scope.  It merged into the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1968.

City of Glasgow Bank
The City of Glasgow Bank was a bank in Scotland that was largely known for its spectacular collapse in October 1878, which ruined all but 254 of its 1,200 shareholders since their liability was unlimited.
EOTech
EOTECH is an American company that designs, manufactures, and markets electro-optic and night vision products and systems. The company is headquartered in Plymouth, Michigan.

They produce holographic weapon sights for small arms that have been adopted by various military and law enforcement agencies as close quarters battle firearm sights.

They also have roots in the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM), a not-for-profit R&D institute.  Of the many inventions by ERIM researchers, some were in the fields of synthetic aperture radar, laser holography, and aircraft head-up displays.

Electro-optics
Electro–optics is a branch of electrical engineering, electronic engineering, materials science, and material physics involving components, electronic devices such as lasers, laser diodes, LEDs, waveguides, etc. which operate by the propagation and interaction of light with various tailored materials. It is closely related to photonics, the branch of optics that involves the application of the generation of photons. It is not only concerned with the "electro–optic effect", since it deals with the interaction between the electromagnetic (optical) and the electrical (electronic) states of materials.
Marie-Pier Grignon
Marie-Pier Grignon is a Canadian film editor. She is most noted for her work as an editor on the 2024 documentary film Okurimono, for which she received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Editing in a Documentary at the 13th Canadian Screen Awards in 2025.

Her other credits have included the films Homeport (Port d'attache) and Death to the Bikini! (À mort le bikini!).

Canadian Screen Award for Best Editing in a Documentary
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Editing in a Documentary is an annual award, presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards program to honour the year's best editing in a documentary film. It is presented separately from the Canadian Screen Award for Best Editing for narrative feature films.

An award for Best Editing in a Non-Feature, with its nominees consisting entirely of short or television documentary films, was presented at the 1st Genie Awards in 1980, and an award for Best Editing in a Documentary was presented at the shortlived Bijou Awards in 1981, although the Academy never presented an award for editing in theatrical feature documentaries until the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards in 2015. The non-feature winners from 1980 and 1981 have, however, been included below.
Giacomo Medici Del Vascello
Giacomo Medici, marquess of Vascello (Salerno, 1 April 1883 – Venaria Reale, 15 August 1949) was an Italian Fascist politician who served as Undersecretary to the Presidency of the Council of the Kingdom of Italy from 1935 to 1939. He was the grandson of Risorgimento general Giacomo Medici.

Marquess
A marquess (UK: /ˈmɑːrkwɪs/; French: marquis [maʁki]) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave) and the Italian-language equivalent Marchese. A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness (/ˈmɑːrʃənɛs/) or marquise (French: [maʁkiz] ⓘ). These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
Transmission Impossible with Ed and Oucho
Transmission Impossible With Ed and Oucho is a CBBC show starring Ed Petrie and Oucho T. Cactus. Filmed at Pinewood Studios, it first aired on 16 May 2009 and was shown every Saturday morning on BBC Two and Sunday morning on the CBBC Channel for its run of 26 episodes. Transmission Impossible with Ed and Oucho ended on 9 August 2009 to allow Ed and Oucho to film Series 2 of Excellent Inventions.

BBC iPlayer
BBC iPlayer (stylised as iPLAYER or BBC iPLAYER) is a video on demand service from the BBC. The service is available over-the-top on a wide range of devices, including mobile phones and tablets, personal computers and smart televisions. iPlayer services delivered to UK-based viewers are free from commercial advertising. To use the service, a valid TV Licence is required by law.

The terms BBC iPlayer, iPlayer, and BBC Media Player refer to various methods of viewing or listening to the same content. BBC iPlayer launched in 2007. Previously, a separate BBC iPlayer Radio brand was used for radio services but this was replaced with BBC Sounds in 2018. The current logo and rebranding to "iPLAYER" has been in use since 2021.

Currently, some programmes can be watched in UHD on iPlayer as part of an ongoing trial, as well as streaming major live events in 4K on iPlayer.
Ethnic conflict in Ghana
Ghana has experienced ethnic conflict throughout its history. Ghana ranks 43rd in the Global Peace Index. and as the most peaceful country in West Africa.

There have been conflicts such as the Konkomba-Nanumba conflict, which was fought because of trade dispute. This war is widely known in Ghana and even other African countries. Of all the ethnic groups, the Ashanti were known for the numerous wars they fought when Ghana was called the Gold Coast (British Colony). "From 1806 until 1896, the Ashanti Kingdom was in a perpetual state of war involving expansion or defense of its domain".

The Ashanti Empire were known for conquering many lands and claiming them. They conquered many lands because they possessed more power than other ethnic groups mainly because of their number and the vastness of their empire. They also fought with the British many times, but the most notable war being the Yaa Asantewaa war in which she led the Ashantis.

Ethnic conflict
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.  While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's position within society. This criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle.

Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Recently, some have argued for either top-down or bottom-up explanations for ethnic conflict. Intellectual debate has also focused on whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War, and on devising ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.
Prosecution of Hamid Ghareh-Hassanlou
Hamid Ghareh-Hassanlou (born 1969) was arrested in nationwide protests in Iran after the death of Mahsa Amini. He is a Gonabadi dervish and a medical doctor who specializes in medical imaging. He was charged with killing a Basiji member during the funerals of Hadis Najafi by the Islamic Revolutionary Court in Karaj. His wife, Farzaneh Ghareh-Hassanlou was arrested the same day. They were reportedly beaten during the arrest, and Hamid's ribs were later reported broken.

Karaj
Karaj (Persian: کرج; pronounced [kæˈɾædʒ] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province, Iran, serving as capital  of the province, the county, and the district. Earliest evidence of inhabitation in Karaj can be dated to the Bronze Age at Tepe Khurvin. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid and Qajar Empire and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has a unique climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees, rivers, and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, so it has been nicknamed "Little Iran."

Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the 1,419 km2 (548 sq mi) county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj County since the previous census.
Nizhny Kurchali
43°01′40″N 46°10′02″E﻿ / ﻿43.02778°N 46.16722°E﻿ / 43.02778; 46.16722

Nizhny Kurchali (Russian: Нижние Курчали, Chechen: Лаха-Курчалa, Laxa-Kurçala)  is a rural locality (a selo) in Vedensky District, Chechnya.

Chechen language
Chechen (Нохчийн, Noxçiyn, [ˈnɔxt͡ʃĩː]) is a Northeast Caucasian language, spoken primarily by the Chechen people, native to the Russian republic of Chechnya, as well as its neighbouring republics. With approximately 1.8 million speakers, it is also spoken by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of the world.
The New Rich
The New Rich (French: Les Nouveaux Riches) is a 1938 French comedy film directed by André Berthomieu and starring Raimu, Michel Simon and Betty Stockfeld. It is based on a 1917 stage farce of the same title by Charles Albert Abadie and Raymond de Cesse. It was shot at the Saint-Maurice Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Jacques Colombier and Eugène Lourié.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.