hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bansha no goku
The Bansha no goku (蛮社の獄, literally "Indictment of the society for western (or barbarian) study") refers to the 1839 suppression of scholars of Western Studies (rangaku) by the Edo Shogunate government of Japan.

The incident was provoked by criticism of the isolationist sakoku policy due to actions such as the Morrison Incident when an unarmed American merchant ship was fired upon under the Edict to Repel Foreign Ships.

Among those who suffered from this action were Watanabe Kazan, Takano Chōei and Koseki Sanei.

Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels
The Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels (異国船打払令, Ikokusen Uchiharairei) was a law promulgated by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1825 to the effect that all foreign vessels should be driven away from Japanese waters. An example of the law being put into practice was the Morrison incident of 1837, in which an American merchant vessel attempting to use the return of Japanese castaways as leverage to initiate trading was fired upon. The law was repealed in 1842.
Andrew Daniels
Andrew David Daniels (born 11 March 1983) is an English cricketer.  Daniels is a right-handed batsman who bowls leg break and who can field as a wicketkeeper.  He was born at Kettering, Northamptonshire.

Daniels represented the Northamptonshire Cricket Board in a single List A match against the Yorkshire Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002. In his only List A match he scored 2 runs.

Yorkshire Cricket Board
The Yorkshire Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Yorkshire.

From 1999 to 2003 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List A status.
Vilasrao Narayan Jagtap
Vilasrao Narayan Jagtap is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He is a follower of Phule, Shahu and Ambedkar.. He represents the Jath Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He has been president of Sangli District Central Co-operative Bank Limited, between August, 2007 and December, 2009.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
3rd Genie Awards
The 3rd Genie Awards were presented on March 3, 1982, to honour Canadian films released in 1981.

The film Les Plouffe (The Plouffe Family) won the most awards overall, although Ticket to Heaven won Best Picture. Those two films were tied for most nominations overall, with 15 nods each.

The ceremony took place at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto, and was hosted by Brian Linehan, with magician Doug Henning assisting by using card tricks and other illusions to reveal the winners.

Now that the Academy was firmly established, the 14 appointed board members from the Canadian Film Awards committee relinquished their positions. The new Academy board was set at 20—three honorary appointments and 17 members elected from participating organizations. For this year, the new board instituted the Canadian Independent Short Film Showcase for makers of short films, and the  Toronto Festival of Festivals trade forum, which would eventually become the Toronto International Film Festival.

Canadian Film Awards
The Canadian Film Awards were the leading Canadian cinema awards from 1949 until 1978. These honours were conducted annually, except in 1974 when a number of Quebec directors withdrew their participation and prompted a cancellation. In the 1970s, they were sometimes known as the Etrog Awards for sculptor Sorel Etrog, who designed the statuette.

The awards were succeeded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's Genie Awards in 1980. In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its separate Gemini Awards program for television to create the contemporary Canadian Screen Awards.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 65
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 65 (P. Oxy. 65) is an order for an arrest, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written in the third or the early fourth century. Currently it is housed in the University of Pennsylvania (E 2751) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The letter was written by an unnamed beneficiarius to the comarchs of the village of Teruthis, asking them to send up for trial a person named Pachoumis. The measurements of the fragment are 100 by 251 mm.

Bernard Pyne Grenfell
Bernard Pyne Grenfell FBA (16 December 1869 – 18 May 1926) was an English scientist and egyptologist. Excavations he did with Arthur Surridge Hunt uncovered manuscripts including the oldest Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
The Girl with the Red Hair (film)
The Girl with the Red Hair (Dutch: Het meisje met het rode haar) is a 1981 Dutch drama film directed by Ben Verbong. It is based on the biography of resistance fighter Hannie Schaft. It was entered into the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival.

32nd Berlin International Film Festival
The 32nd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 12–23 February 1982. The Golden Bear was awarded to Veronika Voss directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder.

The Honorary Golden Bear (Goldener Ehrenbär) was introduced for the first time in this edition to pay tribute to important figures in the world of film. The award has been presented for an exceptional artistic career and is given to the guest of honour of the Homage. In this edition it was awarded to American actor James Stewart.

A new section was introduced at the festival by Manfred Salzgeber, which was renamed Panorama in 1986. The retrospective dedicated to German film director Curtis Bernhardt titled Insurrection of Emotions along with East German children's films of the 50-70s in collaboration with the DEFA.
Irideae
Irideae is a tribe included in the well-known family Iridaceae. It contains many species in five genera which are widely distributed in the Old World. The tribe derives its name from Iris, which is the largest genus of the tribe.

The blooms, borne in an inflorescence and often scented, have six petals, these being identical only in the genus Ferraria. The ovary is 3-locular and contains seeds which are usually circular and pellet-like. Members of the tribe bear typically sword-shaped leaves and the rootstock is usually rhizome or corm. Only two subgenera of Iris have bulbs. These are Xiphium and Hermodactyloides.

Many of the species are popular ornamental plants, but many are threatened with extinction.

List of genera:

Bobartia

Dietes

Ferraria

Iris

Moraea

Iris subg. Hermodactyloides
The subgenus Hermodactyloides of Iris includes all reticulate-bulbed bulbous irises. It was formerly named as a genus, Iridodictyum by Rodionenko in 1961. but it was not widely accepted and most botanists preferred 'Hermodactyloides'.

Édouard Spach named the genus in 1846.  The word 'Hermodactyloides' comes from 'Hermes' , a Greek God, and 'daktylos' - finger. The name for the subgenus is very similar to Hermodactylus (the former name for Iris tuberosa), which was originally a separate genus to irises, but in 2001 was re-classified to be within the Hermodactyloides sub-genus.

Most species are native to central Europe and central Asia. They mostly have one or two long leaves and flower in early spring.
Loufan County
Loufan County is a county of Shanxi Province, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Taiyuan, the capital of the province. It is the westernmost county-level division of Taiyuan.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Robert Rinder
Robert Michael Rinder (/ˈrɪndər/; born 31 May 1978), sometimes known as Judge Rinder, is a British criminal barrister and television personality. In 2014, while still a practising barrister, he began hosting the reality courtroom series Judge Rinder. In 2019, he also began hosting the Channel 4 series The Rob Rinder Verdict.

In 2022, Rinder also became a regular host on ITV’s Good Morning Britain.

Court dress
Court dress comprises the style of clothes and other attire prescribed for members of courts of law. Depending on the country and jurisdiction's traditions, members of the court (judges, magistrates, and so on) may wear formal robes, gowns, collars, or wigs. Within a certain country and court setting, there may be many times when the full formal dress is not used. Examples in the UK include many courts and tribunals including the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, and sometimes trials involving children.
Vidinja Kalyanam
Vidinja Kalyanam (transl. Wedding at dawn) is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language thriller film directed by Manivannan, starring Sathyaraj and Jayashree. It was released on 1 November 1986. The film was remade in Kannada twice as Agni Parva (1987) and Suryodaya (1993).

Manivannan
Manivannan  (31 July 1953 – 15 June 2013) was an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, voice artist, playback singer and social activist who worked in Tamil cinema. In a career spanning three decades, he went from being a story and dialogue writer for director Bharathiraja from 1980–82 to a successful director who thrived in experimenting with different genres, before becoming an actor. With over 400 films to his name, Manivannan was one of the most experienced actors in the field and directed exactly 50 films. Manivannan was mainly a supporting actor in films and often played the comedian, supporting character and villainous roles.

He supported various political parties, including the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, both active in the state of Tamil Nadu. He later became affiliated with the Naam Tamilar Katchi. He had also long been a supporter of Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism.
Lebeda nobilis
Lebeda nobilis, commonly known as the tea-oil caterpillar moth, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found in Taiwan, China, Myanmar, India, Nepal and Indonesia.

The larvae feed on various plants, including Pteridium, Pinus, Rubus, and tea-oil camellia.

Camellia oleifera
Camellia oleifera, which originated in China, is notable as an important source of edible oil (known as tea oil or camellia oil) obtained from its seeds. It is commonly known as the oil-seed camellia or tea oil camellia, though to a lesser extent other species of camellia are used in oil production too.

It is widely distributed in China and is cultivated extensively there. It is found in forests, thickets, banks of streams and foothills at elevations of 500 to 1,300 metres.

This species looks much similar to Camellia sasanqua except the dark green, evergreen leaves are a bit larger, three to five inches long and two to three inches wide. Single, white, fragrant flowers are produced in mid to late fall, and this large shrub or small tree will reach a height of 20 feet with thin, upright, multiple trunks and branches.
The crown forms a rounded or oval vase with lower branches removed.
Drexelbrook station
Drexelbrook station is a stop on the D in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, United States. It is officially located near Stanbridge Road and Woodland Avenue in the Drexelbrook area, however the actual grade crossing and platforms are on Wildell Road south of Woodland Avenue and north of Revere Road and Drexelbrook Drive.

Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania and Orange Street in Media, Pennsylvania. The station has a shed with a roof where people can go inside when it is raining on one platform and a bench on the other. Platforms exist on both sides of the tracks, along the northeast and southeast corners of the grade crossing. No parking is available at this station.

Media, Pennsylvania
Media is a borough in and the county seat of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located about 13 miles (21 km) west of Philadelphia. It is part of the Delaware Valley, also known as the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

Media was incorporated in 1850 at the same time that it was named the county seat. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,991.
Lisa Gennetian
Lisa A. Gennetian (born 1968) is an American applied economist focused on behavioral economics, child development, specifically child poverty, parent engagement and decision making, and policy and social investment considerations. She is the Pritzker Professor of Early Learning Policy Studies at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy. Gennetian is associated with the Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University's Population Research Institute (DuPRI), the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab and the National Bureau of Economic Research, Children's Program. She has served on the editorial board of the Child Development journal.

Decision-making models
Decision-making as a term is a scientific process when that decision will affect a policy affecting an entity. Decision-making models are used as a method and process to fulfill the following objectives:

Every team member is clear about how a decision will be made

The roles and responsibilities for the decision making

Who will own the process to make the final decision

These models help the team to plan the process and the agenda for each decision-making meeting, and the understanding of the process and collaborative approach helps in achieving the support of the team members for the final decision to ensure commitment for the same.
Australia Women's Championships (baseball)
The Australian Women's Championships is an annual event run by the Australian Baseball Federation. The Championship includes the women's Queensland Rams, Western Australia Heat, Victoria Aces, New South Wales Patriots as well as Victorian Provincial, a New South Wales Country team and Australian Capital Territory.

The tournament for the first 10 years was dominated by Victoria, winning nine and only rivalled by New South Wales, who have won two tournaments. This is mainly due to the strong women's baseball competition in Victoria, which includes 33 teams over three divisions, perhaps the largest local women's baseball competition in the world.

In 2010, the Western Australia Heat went through the tournament undefeated, defeating New South Wales in the final 7–6. This was the first final without Victoria competing in it and the first time Western Australia won the tournament.

Queensland Rams
Queensland Rams compete in the Claxton Shield Baseball Championship in Australia. The Rams were one of the founding teams of the Claxton Shield in 1934 and competed as Queensland until 1988. Between 1988 and 1999, the Claxton Shield was awarded to the winner of the Australian Baseball League. In 1999, the Rams were invited to join the International Baseball League of Australia in which they competed for 2 seasons (1999-2000 and 2002). After this point, the Claxton Shield reverted to a competition similar to that of 1988.
Mustafa Al-Bassam
Mustafa Al-Bassam (born January 1995) is an Iraqi-British computer security researcher, hacker, and co-founder of Celestia Labs. Al-Bassam co-founded the hacker group LulzSec in 2011, which was responsible for several high profile breaches. He later went on to co-found Chainspace, a company implementing a smart contract platform, which was acquired by Facebook in 2019. In 2021, Al-Bassam graduated from University College London, completing a PhD in computer science with a thesis on Securely Scaling Blockchain Base Layers. In 2016, Forbes listed Al-Bassam as one of the 30 Under 30 entrepreneurs in technology.

Hacker
A hacker is a person skilled in information technology who achieves goals and solves problems by non-standard means. The term has become associated in popular culture with a security hacker – someone with knowledge of bugs or exploits to break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them. In a positive connotation, though, hacking can also be utilized by legitimate figures in legal situations. For example, law enforcement agencies sometimes use hacking techniques to collect evidence on criminals and other malicious actors. This could include using anonymity tools (such as a VPN or the dark web) to mask their identities online and pose as criminals.

Hacking can also have a broader sense of any roundabout solution to a problem, or programming and hardware development in general, and hacker culture has spread the term's broader usage to the general public even outside the profession or hobby of electronics (see life hack).
2014 Slovenian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Slovenia on 13 July 2014 to elect the 90 deputies of the National Assembly. The early election, less than three years after the previous one, was called following the resignation of Alenka Bratušek's government in May. Seventeen parties participated, including seven new parties, some of which formed only months before the election took place. Party of Miro Cerar (SMC), a new party led by lawyer and professor Miro Cerar, won the election with over 34% of the vote and 36 seats. Seven political parties won seats in the National Assembly. Three political parties left the Assembly, including Zoran Janković's Positive Slovenia, the winner of the 2011 election, and the Slovenian People's Party, which failed to win a seat for the first time since the first elections in 1990. A leftist United Left party entered the Assembly for the first time, winning six seats.

National Assembly (Slovenia)
The National Assembly (Slovene: Državni zbor Republike Slovenije, pronounced [dəɾˈʒàːwni ˈzbɔ́ɾ ɾɛˈpúːblikɛ slɔˈʋèːnijɛ] or [-ˈzbɔ̀ːɾ-]; short form državni zbor) is the general representative body of Slovenia. According to the Constitution of Slovenia and the Constitutional Court of Slovenia, it is the major part of the distinctively incompletely bicameral Slovenian Parliament, the legislative branch of the Republic of Slovenia. It has 90 members, elected for a four-year term. 88 members are elected using the party-list proportional representation system and the remaining two, using the Borda count, by the Hungarian and Italian-speaking ethnic minorities, who have an absolute veto in matters concerning their ethnic groups.

As of May 2022, the 9th National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia is in session.
Kralendijk
Kralendijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkraːlə(n)dɛik]) is the capital and main port of the island of Bonaire in the Caribbean Netherlands. The language spoken in the town is Papiamentu, but Dutch and English are widely used. As of 2017, the town had a population of 10,620. In Papiamentu, the town is often called Playa or "beach".

Off the coast of Kralendijk lies the uninhabited island of Klein Bonaire, noted for diving and snorkeling activities. This small island can be reached by water taxi, or, for divers, by practically all of the local dive operators.

Caribbean Netherlands
The Caribbean Netherlands (Dutch: Caribisch Nederland, pronounced [kaˈribis ˈneːdərlɑnt] ⓘ) is a geographic region of the Netherlands located outside of Europe, in the Caribbean, consisting of three special municipalities. These are the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba, as they are also known in legislation, or the BES islands for short. The islands are officially classified as public bodies in the Netherlands and as overseas territories of the European Union; as such, European Union law does not automatically apply to them.

Bonaire (including the islet of Klein Bonaire) is one of the Leeward Antilles and is located close to the coast of Venezuela. Sint Eustatius and Saba are in the main Lesser Antilles group and are located south of Sint Maarten and northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The Caribbean Netherlands, a term distinct from the comprehensive Dutch Caribbean, has a population of 31,980.
Georges Gaudy
Georges Gaudy (1872–1940) was a Belgian poster artist, painter and champion cyclist.

Gaudy's first poster was commissioned for the Brussels Velodrome and many of his works featured bicycle and car manufacturers.

Velodrome
A velodrome is an arena for track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks, consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights. The straights transition to the circular turn through a moderate easement curve.
Integra Signum
Integra Signum was a publicly traded Swiss company active in train control and signaling systems. Its main achievement was the development of the train control system Integra-Signum, which was subsequently adopted by the Swiss Federal Railways in 1933. In addition, many Swiss railway stations were (and continue to be) equipped with the company's signal boxes from the Domino 55, Domino 67, or Domino 69 series. Headquartered in Wallisellen, the company existed from the late 19th century until January 1, 1992, when it was acquired by Siemens. Siemens renamed the company to Siemens Integra Verkehrstechnik. It is now a division of Siemens Mobility.

Aktiengesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft (German pronunciation: [ˈaktsi̯ənɡəˌzɛlʃaft] ⓘ; abbreviated AG [aːˈgeː] ⓘ) is a German word for a corporation limited by share ownership (i.e., one which is owned by its shareholders) whose shares may be traded on a stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a société anonyme or a società per azioni) and South Tyrol for companies incorporated there. In the United Kingdom, the equivalent term is public limited company, and in the United States, while the terms "incorporated" or "corporation" are typically used, technically the more precise equivalent term is "joint-stock company".
Zones Without People
Zones Without People is the second studio album by American electronic musician Daniel Lopatin, known by the name Oneohtrix Point Never. It was released on August 6, 2009 via Arbor as a limited-run LP. Most of the material on the album also appeared on the 2009 compilation album Rifts. The other albums in the Rifts trilogy are Betrayed In The Octagon and Russian Mind, released in 2007 and 2009 respectively.

Special edition
The terms special edition, limited edition, and variants such as deluxe edition, collector's edition, expanded edition, or nth anniversary edition are used as a marketing incentive for various kinds of products, originally published products related to the arts, such as books, prints, recorded music and films, and video games, but now including clothing, cars, fine wine, and whisky, among other products.  A limited edition is restricted in the number of copies produced, although in fact the number may be very low or very high. Suzuki (2008) defines limited edition products as those “sold in a state that makes them difficult to obtain because of companies limiting their availability to a certain period, quantity, region, or channel". A special edition implies there is extra material of some kind included.  The term is frequently used on DVD film releases, often when the so-called "special" edition is actually the only version released.