hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madness and Civilization
Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (French: Folie et Déraison: Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique, 1961) is an examination by Michel Foucault of the evolution of the meaning of madness in the cultures and laws, politics, philosophy, and medicine of Europe—from the Middle Ages until the end of the 18th century—and a critique of the idea of history and of the historical method.

Although he uses the language of phenomenology to describe the influence of social structures in the history of the Othering of insane people from society, Madness and Civilization is Foucault's philosophic progress from phenomenology toward something like structuralism (a label Foucault himself always adamantly rejected).

Phenomenology (sociology)
Phenomenology within sociology (also social phenomenology or phenomenological sociology) examines the concept of social reality (German: Lebenswelt or "Lifeworld") as a product of intersubjectivity. Phenomenology analyses social reality in order to explain the formation and nature of social institutions. The application of phenomenological ideas in sociology, however, is not reduced to the notion of the "Lifeworld", nor to "grand" theoretical synthesis, such as that of phenomenological sociology.
Copenhagen South railway station
Copenhagen South station (Danish: København Syd Station, previously Ny Ellebjerg Station) is a main line and S-train railway station in the district of Valby in southwestern Copenhagen, Denmark. The station is located on numerous railway and branch lines passing through or diverging from the main lines at this station, and is gradually being developed into a major transport hub for public transport in Copenhagen.

Transport hub
A transport hub  is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include railway stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stops, airports, and ferry slips.

Freight hubs include classification yards, airports, inland ports, seaports, and truck terminals, or combinations of these.

For private transport by car, the parking lot functions as an unimodal hub.
Charles Curran (theologian)
Charles E. Curran (born March 30, 1934) is an American moral theologian and Catholic priest. He currently serves at Southern Methodist University as the Elizabeth Scurlock University Professor of Human Values.

Doctor of Sacred Theology
The Doctor of Sacred Theology (Latin: Sacrae Theologiae Doctor, abbreviated STD), also sometimes known as Professor of Sacred Theology (Sacrae Theologiae Professor, abbreviated STP), is the final theological degree in the pontifical university system of the Catholic Church, being the ecclesiastical equivalent of the academic Doctor of Theology (ThD) degree.

The two terms were once used in the ancient and formerly Catholic universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, as an alternative name for the degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD), a practice which has now been discontinued.
Jōraku-ji
Jōraku-ji (常楽寺) is a Buddhist temple in the city of Konan, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the Tendai school of Japanese Buddhism. Its main image is a hibutsu statue of Senjū Kannon. Its Hondō and Three-story Pagoda are both National Treasures.: It is also referred to as Nishi-dera (西寺), whereas the temple of Chōjū-ji (長寿寺) is referred to as Higashi-dera (東寺).

Buddhist temples in Japan
Buddhist temples or monasteries are (along with Shinto shrines) the most numerous, famous, and important religious buildings in Japan. The shogunates or leaders of Japan have made it a priority to update and rebuild Buddhist temples since the Momoyama period (late 16th century). The Japanese word for a Buddhist monastery is tera (寺) (kun reading), and the same kanji also has the pronunciation ji (on reading), so temple names frequently end in -dera (voiced) or -ji. Another ending, -in (院), is normally used to refer to minor temples. Examples of temple names that have these suffixes are Kiyomizu-dera, Enryaku-ji and Kōtoku-in.
Presidential transition of Benigno Aquino III
The presidential transition of Benigno Aquino III began when he won the 2010 Philippine presidential election. On June 9, 2010, at the Batasang Pambansa Complex, in Quezon City, the Congress of the Philippines proclaimed Aquino as the president-elect of the Philippines, following the 2010 election with 15,208,678 votes, while Jejomar Binay, the former mayor of Makati, was proclaimed as the vice president-elect of the Philippines with 14,645,574 votes, defeating runner-up for the vice presidency Mar Roxas, the standard-bearer of the Liberal Party for vice president.

The transition was in charge of the new presidential residence, cabinet appointments and cordial meetings between them and the outgoing administration.

Secretary of the Interior and Local Government
The secretary of the interior and local government (Filipino: Kalihim ng Interyor at Pamahalaang Lokal) is the member of the Cabinet in charge of the Department of the Interior and Local Government.

The seat of the secretary of the interior and local government is currently held by Jonvic Remulla since 2024.
Al-Mawazin
Eight freestanding archways called al-Mawazin (see names below) are located at the top of the staircases leading to the platform (maṣṭaba) of the Dome of the Rock from the surrounding courtyard (ṣaḥn) below. Each archway consists of open arches supported by 2 to 4 columns, set between two pilasters.

One of the reasons mentioned for these doors is that the beauty of the Dome of the Rock should not appear right away, marking a separation between the city and the sacred place.

Sahn
A sahn (Arabic: صَحْن, ṣaḥn), is a courtyard in Islamic architecture, especially the formal courtyard of a mosque. Most traditional mosques have a large central sahn, which is surrounded by a riwaq or arcade on all sides.
Benedict Delisle Burns
Benedict Delisle Burns FRS (1915–2001) was a neurophysiologist and a pioneer of operations research and of the statistical analysis of neuronal activity.

He studied at Tübingen University, and King's College Cambridge. He worked at  National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), and McGill University.

He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1968.

National Institute for Medical Research
The National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), was a medical research institute based in Mill Hill, on the outskirts of north London, England. It was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC);

In 2016, the NIMR became part of the new Francis Crick Institute, which was constructed next to St Pancras railway station in the Camden area of central London.
Kakati
Kakati is a surname, commonly used in India. Notable people with the surname include:

Banikanta Kakati (1894–1952), Indian linguist, literary figure, critic and scholar in Assamese language

Gyanada Kakati (1932–2025), Indian actress and singer

Kashmira Kakati, Indian wildlife biologist and environmental activist

Mukunda Kakati (1919–1942), Indian revolutionary

Reema Kagti, born Reema Kakati, Indian film director and screenwriter

Robin Kakati (1909–1996), Indian politician

Satish Chandra Kakati (1912–2006), Indian journalist, writer, and editor

Satish Chandra Kakati
Satish Chandra Kakati was an Indian journalist, writer, the editor of The Assam Tribune, an Assam based English-language daily, and one of the founders of Assam Bani, a vernacular weekly started in 1955 by The Assam Tribune group. He was the vice president of the Editors' Guild of India and authored seven books in Assamese and English. A 2005 recipient of the Kanaklata Barua and Mukunda Kakati Memorial Award, Kakati was awarded the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1991.
National Philanthropy Day
National Philanthropy Day is an annual observance on November 15 that is designated by the Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP) to celebrate charitable activities in the form of donated financial, in-kind, and volunteering support.

It is celebrated with blog postings by AFP that highlight outstanding charitable activities, as well as luncheons and awards throughout the United States, as well as other places in North and South America, by different AFP chapters.

Gifts in kind
Gifts in kind, also referred to as in-kind donations, is a kind of charitable giving in which, instead of giving money to buy needed goods and services, the goods and services themselves are given. Gifts in kind are distinguished from gifts of cash or not measured in monetary terms.  Some types of gifts in kind are appropriate, but others are not. Examples of in-kind gifts include goods like food, clothing, medicines, furniture, office equipment, and building materials. Performance of services, providing office space or offering administrative support, may also be counted as in-kind gifts.

While many attest to the benefits of in-kind over cash gifts, others have argued for their disadvantages, particularly in the context of disaster relief.
Nokia E66
The Nokia E66 is a slider mobile phone in the Nokia Eseries range, a S60 platform third edition device with slide action targeting business users. It is a successor to the Nokia E65 with which it shares many features.

E66 has similar features to the Nokia E71 handset, but lacks sufficient battery capacity for all day use and does not have the full QWERTY, however the E66 is smaller in size and weighs less. The E66 also includes an accelerometer and new animations and transition effects, which are lacking in the E71.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.
Tatlybayevo
Tatlybayevo (Russian: Татлыбаево; Bashkir: Татлыбай, Tatlıbay) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Tatlybayevsky Selsoviet, Baymaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 331 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Baymaksky District
Baymaksky District (Russian: Байма́кский райо́н; Bashkir: Баймаҡ районы, Baymaq rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic and borders with Abzelilovsky District in the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast and the territory of the town of republic significance of Sibay in the east, Khaybullinsky District in the south, and with Zilairsky District in the south and west. The area of the district is 5,432 square kilometers (2,097 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Baymak (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 40,862.
Sexuality in Japan
Sexuality in Japan developed separately from that of mainland Asia, as Japan did not adopt the Confucian view of marriage, in which chastity is highly valued. Monogamy in marriage is often thought to be less important in Japan, and sometimes married men may seek pleasure from courtesans. Prostitution in Japan has a long history, and became especially popular during the Japanese economic miracle, as evening entertainments were tax-deductible. Decreased sex drive in the 21st century has been blamed for the low Japanese birth rate and declining growth of the Japanese population.

Glossary of anime and manga
The following is a glossary of terms that are specific to anime and manga. Anime includes animated series, films, and videos, while manga includes graphic novels, drawings, and related artwork.

Note: Japanese words that are used in general (e.g. oniisan, kawaii, and senpai) are not included on this list, unless a description with a reference for notability can be provided that shows how they relate.
Caucasian Front (militant group)
The Caucasian Front (Russian: Кавказский фронт), also known as Caucasus Front or the Caucasian Mujahideen,  established in May 2005 as an Islamic structural unit of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria's armed forces by the decree of the fourth president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Abdul-Halim Sadulayev. In September 2006, Ali Taziev was appointed as the emir and commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Front by Dokka Umarov. The group eventually reorganized as "Vilayat Nokhchicho" in 2007 and became a part of the Caucasus Emirate.

Vilayat Nokhchicho
The Province of Nokhchicho (Chechen: Vilayat Noxçiyçö, Вилаят Нохчийчоь, [vilɑˈjɑt nɔxt͡ʃijˈt͡ʃœ], Russian: Джамаат Нохчийчоь, romanized: Dzhamaat Nokhchiycho', [d͡ʑɐməˈat nəxt͡ɕɪjˈt͡ɕo]) was the Chechen-based wing of the Caucasus Emirate organisation. It was created in 2007 as one of the Emirate's six vilayats, replacing the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
Battle of Pydna
The Battle of Pydna took place in 168 BC between Rome and Macedon during the Third Macedonian War. The battle saw the further ascendancy of Rome in the Hellenistic world and the end of the Antigonid line of kings, whose power traced back to Alexander the Great. The battle is also considered to be a victory of the Roman legion's manipular system's flexibility over the Macedonian phalanx's rigidity.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Ivan Tsvetkov
Ivan Tsvetkov (Bulgarian: Иван Цветков; born 31 August 1979) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He works as an assistant manager and is employed as a scout for Ludogorets Razgrad.

PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv (Bulgarian: ПФК Локомотив Пловдив), commonly known as Loko Plovdiv, is a Bulgarian professional association football club based in Plovdiv. Lokomotiv's home ground is the Lokomotiv Stadium which is situated in Lauta Park and has a capacity of 14,500 spectators.

Founded on 25 July 1926, Lokomotiv is one of the most popular teams in Bulgaria and currently competes in the top-flight First Professional Football League, which they have won once (in 2004). Lokomotiv Plovdiv has won also 2 Bulgarian Cups, 2 Bulgarian Supercups and 1 Cup of the Soviet Army. The biggest success of the club in Europe is reaching the third round of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1965, after narrowly losing to the Italian Juventus in a play-off match.

Lokomotiv have a fierce local rivalry with fellow Plovdiv-based team Botev Plovdiv. Matches between the two sides are known as the Plovdiv derby.
Relative Chaos
Relative Chaos is a 2006 television film directed by Steven Robman and starring Christopher Gorham and Nicholas Brendon. It was first broadcast on ABC Family on September 4, 2006. The film score was composed by Danny Lux.

Danny Lux
Daniel Scott Lux (born June 5, 1969) is an American music composer who has created music for television and film productions.

He has been credited in many movies including Halloween: Resurrection and Stolen Summer (both 2002). His TV series' credits include the theme music for Sliders, Million Dollar Mysteries, Crisis Center (first Emmy nomination), Profiler (second Emmy nomination), and Boston Legal. Additional series to which Lux has contributed music include My Name Is Earl (with Mark Leggett), Boston Legal, Grey's Anatomy, Karen Sisco, Hack, Ally McBeal (one BMI win), Boston Public, NYPD Blue (two BMI wins, both shared with Mike Post), John Doe, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, The Good Wife, Melrose Place, Dawson's Creek, Suits, Magic's Biggest Secrets Finally Revealed, Robotica, Mistresses, and Manifest.

Lux wrote an instrumental theme for Ally (a spin-off of Ally McBeal) and the theme for The Bachelor with John Carta.
Kapkaykent
Kapkaykent (Russian: Капкайкент; Kumyk: Къапкайгент, Qapkaygent) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kayakentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,020 as of 2010. There are 21 streets.

Kumyk language
Kumyk (къумукъ тил, qumuq til, قوموق تیل) is a Turkic language spoken by about 520,000 people, mainly by the Kumyks, in the Dagestan, North Ossetia and Chechen republics of the Russian Federation. Until the 20th century Kumyk was the lingua franca of the Northern Caucasus.
Canals of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, capital of the Netherlands, has more than 100 kilometers (62 mi) of grachten (canals), about 90 islands and 1,500 bridges. The three main canals (Herengracht, Prinsengracht and Keizersgracht), dug in the 17th century during the Dutch Golden Age, form concentric belts around the city, known as the Grachtengordel. Alongside the main canals are 1,550 monumental buildings. The 17th-century canal ring area, including the Prinsengracht, Keizersgracht, Herengracht and Jordaan, were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010, contributing to Amsterdam's fame as the "Venice of the North".

Het Parool
Het Parool (Dutch pronunciation: [ɦɛt paːˈroːl]) is an Amsterdam-based daily newspaper. It was first published on 10 February 1941 as a resistance paper during the German occupation of the Netherlands (1940–1945). In English, its name means The Password or The Motto.
Myrtle Beach Seadawgs
Myrtle Beach Seadawgs were an American soccer team that played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.  Their home field was Doug Shaw Memorial Stadium.

The roster included Eric Schmitt, dai hughes, Jimmy May, Steven Kolacz ( U.S. Footballer), Willie Files, Ross Moore, Barry Hope, Miguel Calderón, Jeremy Eason, Neil Payne, Gerard Jones, Scott Schweitzer, Warren Russ, Dave Mallick, Michael Parry, Bradley Bennett, Greg Richards, Ryan Walker, Jeff Johnson, Pablo González, Joe Bowman.

In April 1997, the professional female golfer Laura Davies played six minutes for the club in a league game.

Gerard Jones
Gerard Jones (born July 10, 1957) is an American writer, known primarily for his non-fiction work about American entertainment media, and his comic book scripting, which includes co-creating the superhero Prime for Malibu Comics, and writing for the Green Lantern and Justice League lines for DC Comics.

In 2018, Jones was convicted of possession of child pornography and sentenced to six years in prison.
Sheila Murray
Sheila Murray is a Canadian writer. Her debut novel Finding Edward was published in 2022, and was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction at the 2022 Governor General's Awards.

Finding Edward centres on Cyril Rowntree, a young mixed-race man from Jamaica who moves to Toronto as an international student, and connects with Edward Davina, an isolated elderly man whose life followed a similar path. It was published in July 2022 by Cormorant Books.

The novel was also a finalist for the 2023 Toronto Book Awards.

Toronto Book Awards
The Toronto Book Awards are Canadian literary awards, presented annually by the City of Toronto government to the author of the year's best fiction or non-fiction book or books "that are evocative of Toronto". The award is presented in the fall of each year, with its advance promotional efforts including a series of readings by the nominated authors at each year's The Word on the Street festival.

Each author shortlisted for the award receives $2,000, and the winner or winners receive the balance of $20,000.

The award has frequently gone to multiple winners. 1987 was the first time in the history of the award that only a single winner was named.
Kamensk
Kamensk (Russian: Ка́менск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Kamensk, Republic of Buryatia, an urban-type settlement in Kabansky District of the Republic of Buryatia

Rural localities

Kamensk, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Surazhsky District of Bryansk Oblast

Kamensk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Yeniseysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Kamensk, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Pavlovsky District of Voronezh Oblast

Yeniseysky District
Yeniseysky District (Russian: Енисе́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the west of the krai and borders with Turukhansky and Evenkiysky Districts in the north, Severo-Yeniseysky and Motyginsky Districts in the east, Kazachinsky District in the southeast, Pirovsky, Birilyussky, and Tyukhtetsky Districts in the southwest, Tomsk Oblast in the west, and with Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the northwest. The area of the district is 106,300 square kilometers (41,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Yeniseysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 27,223 (2010 Census); 31,315 (2002 Census); 30,477 (1989 Soviet census).
Ettampitiya
Ettampitiya (Sinhala: ඇටම්පිටිය) is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located in the Badulla District, Uva Province. It is located 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Badulla, at the junction of the A5 highway (Peradeniya-Badulla-Chenkalady highway) and B43 road.

Peradeniya
Peradeniya (Sinhala: පේරාදෙණිය, romanized: Pēradeniya; Tamil: பேராதனை, romanized: Pērātaṉai) is a suburb of the city of Kandy, Sri Lanka with about 30,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the A1 main road, a few kilometres west of Kandy city centre. Peradeniya's name is derived from pera (guava) and deniya (a plain).

Peradeniya is famous for the Royal Botanic Gardens of Peradeniya.  It is situated in a slope of the Mahaweli River and attracts many visitors from Sri Lanka as well as from abroad.

Another key attribute of this suburb is the University of Peradeniya. Its buildings are of mixed colonial and traditional Sri Lankan/South East Asian styles, and located amongst the lush vegetation of the hill country. The Department of Agriculture and the Sri Lanka Telecom Training Centre is situated here.

West of the suburb lies the small historical town of Kadugannawa.
Japan Tobacco and Allied Workers' Union
The Japan Tobacco and Allied Workers' Union (Japanese: たばこ産業労働組合共闘会議, Zentabako) was a trade union representing workers in the tobacco industry in Japan.

The union was founded in 1985, as a split from the All Monopoly Corporation Workers' Union, and it affiliated to the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan.  On formation, it had 27,599 members, but this steadily declined, and by 1990, it was down to 19,474 members.  By then, it had become affiliated with the Japanese Trade Union Confederation.  In 1995, it merged with the All Japan Federation of Food Industries Workers' Unions and the National Federation of Food Industry Workers' Unions, to form the Japan Federation of Foods and Tobacco Workers' Unions.

RENGO
The Japanese Trade Union Confederation (日本労働組合総連合会, Nihon Rōdōkumiai Sōrengōkai; abbreviated JTUC), commonly known as RENGO (連合, Rengō; lit. 'union'), is the largest national trade union center in Japan, with over six million members as of 2011. It was founded in 1989 as a result of the merger of the Japan Confederation of Labor (Dōmei), the Federation of Independent Unions (Chūritsu Rōren) and the National Federation Of Industrial Organisations (Shinsanbetsu). In 1990, the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sohyo) also joined RENGO.

As of July 2012, RENGO has 54 affiliate unions and 47 local organizations.