hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Higby
Higby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Higby (baseball), American baseball player

Lawrence Higby, American businessman and political activist

Lynn Carlton Higby (1938 – 1992), former United States federal judge

Mary Higby Schweitzer, paleontologist at North Carolina State University

Wayne Higby (born 1943), American artist working in ceramics

Wilbur Higby (1867 – 1934), American actor

William Higby (1813 – 1887), United States Representative from California

William Eugene Higby, 29th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado

Lawrence Higby
Lawrence M. Higby is an American businessman and political activist. Higby was assistant to White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman during the Nixon Administration. He later went on to become CEO of home medical equipment company Apria. Until 2005, Higby led a group of wealthy Republicans called the New Majority PAC.
German submarine U-68 (1940)
German submarine U-68 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 20 April 1940 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard at Bremen as yard number 987, launched on 22 October and commissioned on 1 January 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Karl-Friedrich Merten as part of 2nd U-boat Flotilla.

U-68 conducted ten combat patrols, sinking 32 merchant ships, for a total of 197,453 gross register tons (GRT); she also sank one auxiliary warship of 545 GRT. She was a member of one wolfpack.

On 10 April 1944, during her tenth patrol, she was sunk northwest of Madeira by US aircraft from the escort carrier Guadalcanal.

2nd U-boat Flotilla
The 2nd U-boat Flotilla (German 2. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as the Saltzwedel Flotilla, was the second operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on 1 September 1936 under the command of Fregattenkapitän Werner Scheer, it was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Reinhold Saltzwedel. Saltzwedel, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on 2 December 1917, when his submarine UB-81 was sunk by a mine in the English Channel.

The flotilla was based in Kiel for the first few weeks after its formation, but was later moved to Wilhelmshaven, where it remained until May 1940. In June 1940, the flotilla was moved to Lorient in France until it was disbanded in August 1944.
Minuwangoda Electoral District
Minuwangoda electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Minuwangoda in Gampaha District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Minuwangoda electoral district was replaced by the Gampaha multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.
Rittner
Rittner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Rittner (born 1973), German tennis player

Don Rittner, American historian, archeologist, environmental activist, educator and author

Günter Rittner (1927–2020), German painter and illustrator

Horst Rittner (1930–2021), German correspondence chess grandmaster

Rudolf Rittner (1869–1943), German actor

Tadeusz Rittner (1873–1921), Polish dramatist, prose writer and literary critic

British Army Major T. H. Rittner, who was in charge of the German nuclear scientists interned at Farm Hall.

See also

Rittner Horn, Mountain in South Tyrol, Italy

Rudolf Rittner
Rudolf Rittner (30 June 1869 – 4 February 1943) was a German actor born in Weissbach, Silesia, famous for playing knight and folk hero Florian Geyer in Gerhart Hauptmann's drama of the same name. The well-known German painter Lovis Corinth portrayed him in 1906. Only one year later, at the age of 38, Rittner being at the peak of his career retired as theatrical actor.

In 1922, he returned as actor in several German movies, especially in Fritz Lang's 1924 silent masterpiece Die Nibelungen with Rittner starring as Markgraf Rüdiger von Bechlarn.

When he died in 1943, Rittner left two dramas, one of them being Narrenglanz (A Fool's Glory), an allegory on modern acting. Rudolf Rittner died in Weissbach and is buried on the local cemetery.
Laisa Alamia
Laisa Masuhud Alamia (born 1971 or 1972) is a Filipino politician and lawyer who is a member of the interim Bangsamoro Parliament. She is also the Minority Leader of the regional parliament.

A lawyer, she was Executive Secretary of the defunct Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), ARMM Social Welfare Secretary, and is the first ARMM Regional Human Rights Commission chairperson. She is also a Tausug from Basilan.

Alamia was nominated for the position of Speaker of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority Parliament. She lost to Pangalian Balindong and became Minority Leader of the regional parliament on March 29, 2019.

She was appointed as chair of the Task Force for Decommissioned Combatants and their Communities (TFDCC) which is tasked to oversee the decommissioning of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.

Moro Islamic Liberation Front
The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF; Arabic: جبهة تحرير مورو الإسلامية, romanized: Jabha Taḥrīr Moro al-ʾIslāmiyya) is an Islamic armed group split from the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), was founded in 1977, based in Mindanao, Philippines, which sought an autonomous region of the Moro people from the central government. The group has a presence in the Bangsamoro region of Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago, Palawan, Basilan, and other neighbouring islands. The armed wing of the group was the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF), although the name of its parent organization, the MILF, was often used to refer to the BIAF.

In July 2018, the Philippine government passed the Bangsamoro Organic Law, giving more autonomy to Muslims. In return, MILF announced that it would disarm its 30,000 fighters.
2021 Yarra Valley Classic – Singles
The Yarra Valley Classic was a new addition to the WTA Tour in 2021.

Ashleigh Barty won the title, defeating Garbiñe Muguruza in the final, 7–6(7–3), 6–4.

Due to a delayed schedule because of a COVID-19 case at a tournament quarantine hotel, all matches from the quarterfinal stage forward played a match tiebreaker in the final set (first to ten points, win by two).

Australian Open Series
The Australian Open Series is a selection of tennis tournaments held annually prior to the start of the Australian Open in Melbourne. In 2023, there are five official Australian Open Series tournaments held across Australia in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year, as designated by Tennis Australia.
Snagit
Snagit (formerly SnagIt) is screen capture and screen recording software for Windows and macOS. It is created and developed by TechSmith and was first launched in 1990. Snagit is available in English, French, German, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish versions.

Snagit replaces the native print screen function and extends it with additional features.

Screenshot
A screenshot (also known as screen capture or screen grab) is an analog or digital image that shows the contents of a computer display. A screenshot is created by a (film) camera shooting the screen or the operating system or software running on the device powering the display.

The separate process of taking still frames, images from video or film, is sometimes called still screenshots, screen captures or screen grabs.
Ratatouille
Ratatouille (/ˌrætəˈtuːi/ RAT-ə-TOO-ee, French: [ʁatatuj] ⓘ; Occitan: ratatolha [ʀataˈtuʎɔ] ⓘ) is a traditional French vegetable dish originating in the Provence region of southern France, particularly associated with Nice and its surrounding region. It developed within the context of rural Provençal cuisine, where seasonal vegetables were stewed together as a practical means of using surplus summer produce. The dish consists of a stew or sauté of seasonal summer vegetables cooked in olive oil and is sometimes referred to as ratatouille niçoise (French: [niswaz]).

Although preparation methods and cooking times vary considerably by region and household, ratatouille is typically made with tomatoes, onions, garlic, courgettes (zucchini), aubergines (eggplants) and bell pepper, seasoned with herbs characteristic of Provençal cuisine. These may include fresh herbs such as basil,  marjoram or fennel, as well as dried herbs such as thyme, bay leaves, or blended herbs de Provence.

Sautéing
Sautéing or sauteing (UK: /ˈsoʊteɪ.ɪŋ/, US: /soʊˈteɪ.ɪŋ, sɔː-/; from French  sauté [sote] 'jumped, bounced', in reference to tossing while cooking) is a method of cooking that uses a relatively small amount of oil or fat in a shallow pan over relatively high heat. Various sauté methods exist.
Hungarian Falls
Hungarian Falls is a series of waterfalls in the Dover Creek west of Hubbell, in Houghton County, Michigan. The site is near State Highway 26 in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. There are three drops with the largest being 50 feet. The total height of the falls is 90 feet. The base of the waterfall is made up of Jacobsville Sandstone, a type of rock common in that area. Hungarian Falls is also near Michigan's tallest waterfall, Houghton Falls.

Houghton County, Michigan
Houghton County (/ˈhoʊtən/; HOH-tən) is a county in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,361. The county seat and largest city is Houghton. Both the county and the city were named for Michigan State geologist and Detroit Mayor Douglass Houghton.

Houghton County is part of the Houghton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Keweenaw County, and was part of Copper Country during the mining boom of the latter half of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century.
The Wrythe
The Wrythe is a district of Carshalton, South London in the London Borough of Sutton. It is 9.3 miles (15.0 km) south of Charing Cross and is surrounded by the adjacent areas of Hackbridge to the east, Morden and Mitcham to the north, and Sutton to the west. The area is commonly referred to as Wrythe Green, an old village green at the centre of the neighbourhood. The Wrythe had a population of 10,163 in the 2011 Census.

London Borough of Sutton
The London Borough of Sutton (pronunciationⓘ) is an Outer London borough in south London, England. It covers an area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi) and is the 80th largest local authority in England by population. It borders the London Borough of Croydon to the east, the London Borough of Merton to the north and the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames to the north-west; it also borders the Surrey boroughs of Epsom and Ewell to the west and Reigate and Banstead to the south. The local authority is Sutton London Borough Council. Its principal town is Sutton.

The borough has had some of the schools with the best results in the country.

Low levels of recorded crime have been a feature of the borough, being among the lowest in London.

The London Borough of Sutton was one of the four "vanguard areas" selected in 2010 for the Big Society initiative.
Ou khatta
Ou khatta (Odia: ଔ ଖଟା) is a sweet and sour chutney or marmalade made of ou (elephant apple; Dillenia indica) in jaggery, in the Indian state of Odisha, mostly in the post-monsoon season. Sometimes ou is added to dal or dalma. It is rich in vitamin C.

Chutney
A chutney (pronounced [ˈʧəʈɳiː]) is a condiment associated with cuisines of the Indian subcontinent. Chutneys are made in a wide variety of forms, some raw such as with coriander, others cooked with sugar, like mango chutney. During the British Raj, Anglo-Indian cuisine adapted Indian chutney and brought it back to Britain, where green mango chutney in particular became popular. In the Western world, chutneys may be made with local fruits and vegetables, or purchased.
Claus Bork Hansen
Claus Barrit Bork Hansen (31 December 1963 – 21 March 2001), nicknamed "Karate Claus", was a Danish outlaw biker and gangster who served as the European sergeant-at-arms of the Bandidos Motorcycle Club, as well as the president of the club's Hedehusene-based Mideast chapter. He was later expelled from the Bandidos and was murdered by members of his former club following an internal feud.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Wuhan Metro
Wuhan Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China. Owned and operated by Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., the network now includes 12 lines, 312 stations, and 518 kilometres of track length. With 1.35 billion annual passengers in 2023, Wuhan Metro is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in mainland China. There are a number of lines or sections under construction.

Line 1, the first line in the system, opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the seventh city in mainland China with a rapid transit system, after the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changchun, and Dalian. Line 2 opened on 28 December 2012 and is the first underground rail line crossing the Yangtze River. The system has since undergone rapid expansion.

Changchun Rail Transit
Changchun Rail Transit is the rapid transit and light rail system in the city of Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Its first line, Line 3, is the first true light rail line in Mainland China. The system consists of three light rail lines and three rapid transit lines.

The current total length of the network is 140.77 kilometers (87.470 mi) with 123 stations. 3 sections of 3 lines are under construction.
Salta Argentina Temple
The Salta Argentina Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salta, Argentina. The intent to build the temple was announced on April 1, 2018, by church president Russell M. Nelson, during general conference. The temple is the third in Argentina, following the Buenos Aires Argentina and Córdoba Argentina temples, and the first in the province of Salta. A groundbreaking ceremony, to signify beginning of construction, was held on November 4, 2020, conducted by Benjamín De Hoyos, a church general authority.

General authority
A general authority is a member of the highest levels of leadership within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who has administrative and ecclesiastical authority over the church. A general authority's jurisdiction is church-wide, in contrast to the responsibilities of a local authority or an area authority, which relate to a particular area, unit, or department of the church. As a group, the general authorities are often referred to as "the Brethren". As of April 2023, the church listed 95 general authorities.
The White Fang
The White Fang (Russian: Белый Клык) is a 1946 Soviet children's adventure film directed by Aleksandr Zguridi.

The film is based on the eponymous novel by Jack London. The film tells about a wolf named White Fang, who, as a result of the death of his mother, was an orphan, and a young man named Jack who goes to the Klondike and meets a wolf on the way.

Klondike, Yukon
The Klondike (/ˈklɒndaɪk/; from Hän  Tr'ondëk 'hammerstone water') is a region of the territory of Yukon, in northwestern Canada. It lies around the Klondike River, a small river that enters the Yukon River from the east at Dawson City. The area is merely an informal geographic region, and has no function to the territory as any kind of administrative region.

The Klondike is famed due to the Klondike Gold Rush, which started in 1896 and lasted until 1899. Since then, gold has been mined continuously in that area, except for a pause in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

In 2023, the cultural landscape of the Tr'ondëk-Klondike was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, because of its testimony to the adaptation of the Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in people to the European colonization that began in the late 19th century.
High-area rapid printing
High-area rapid printing (HARP) is a stereolithography (SLA) method that permits the continuous, high-throughput printing of large objects at rapid speeds (Figure 1). This method was introduced in 2019 by the Mirkin Research Group at Northwestern University in order to address drawbacks associated with traditional SLA manufacturing processes. Since the polymerization reactions involved in SLA are highly exothermic processes, the production of objects at high-throughputs is associated with high temperatures that can result in structural defects. HARP addresses this problem by utilizing a solid-liquid slip boundary (Figure 2) that cools the resin by withdrawing heat from the system. This allows for large structures to be fabricated quickly without the temperature-associated defects inherent to other SLA processes.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
Duñabeitia
Duñabeitia is a Basque surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Duñabeitia (1900–1980), Spanish footballer

Jesús María Duñabeitia (1929–2013), Spanish politician

Kosme Duñabeitia (1819–1890), Basque photographer and painter

Jesús María Duñabeitia
Jesús María Duñabeitia Vidal (25 November 1929 – 26 November 2013) was a Spanish politician of the Basque Nationalist Party and football executive. He was the only person to be president of Athletic Bilbao (1977–1982) and mayor of Bilbao (1990–1991).
NepaLinux
NepaLinux was a Debian and Morphix-based Linux distribution focused on desktop usage in Nepali language computing.

It contains applications for desktop users, such as OpenOffice.org, Nepali GNOME and KDE desktops, Nepali input method editor.

NepaLinux was developed and distributed by Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya. Version 1.0 was produced as part of the PAN Localization Project, with the support of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada. NepaLinux is an effort to promote free and open-source software in Nepal.

In October 2007, NepaLinux was the joint recipient of the Association for Progressive Communications' annual APC FOSS prize.

International Development Research Centre
The International Development Research Centre (IDRC; French: Centre de recherches pour le développement international, CRDI) is a Canadian federal Crown corporation. As part of Canada's foreign affairs and development efforts, IDRC champions and funds research and innovation within and alongside developing regions to drive global change. IDRC invests in high-quality research in developing countries, shares knowledge with researchers and policymakers for greater uptake and use, and mobilizes global alliances to build a more sustainable and inclusive world.

According its 2021-22 Annual Report, IDRC's parliamentary appropriation reflects 3% of Canada's international assistance envelope.
Miloslavsky (inhabited locality)
Miloslavsky (Russian: Милославский; masculine), Miloslavskaya (Милославская; feminine), or Miloslavskoye (Милославское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Miloslavskoye, Ryazan Oblast, a work settlement in Miloslavsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Rural localities

Miloslavskoye, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Rakomskoye Settlement of Novgorodsky District of Novgorod Oblast

Miloslavskoye, Tver Oblast, a village in Pestrikovskoye Rural Settlement of Kashinsky District of Tver Oblast

Miloslavskaya, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Shangalsky Selsoviet of Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Miloslavskaya, Vologda Oblast, a village in Pokrovsky Selsoviet of Velikoustyugsky District of Vologda Oblast

Miloslavskoye, Ryazan Oblast
Miloslavskoye (Russian: Милосла́вское) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Miloslavsky District of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. Population:  4,478 (2010 Census); 4,813 (2002 Census); 4,995 (1989 Soviet census).
Mihailo Bojčić
Mihailo Bojčić (Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Бојчић; Kratovo, late 16th or early 17th century – Chilandar, 1669) was the Metropolitan of Kratovo from 1648 to 1660. The House of Bojčić held the title of dukes of Kratovo and were associated with Dimitrije Pepić, who owned the mines in the surrounding region.

Emperor of Russia
The emperor and autocrat of all Russia was the official title of the Russian monarch from 1721 to 1917.

The title originated in connection with Russia's victory in the Great Northern War (1700–1721) and appeared as an adaptation of the tsar's title under the accepted system of titling in Europe. The title was transformed from the previous title of tsar and grand prince of all Russia. The old title tsar (or tsaritsa) continued to be popularly used to refer to the emperor (or empress) until the monarchy was abolished in 1917.
Stephen Warren (glaciologist)
Stephen Warren (born September 20, 1945) is an American atmospheric scientist and glaciologist. He is a professor emeritus of atmospheric sciences and of earth and space sciences at the University of Washington. He is known for his research on the interaction of solar radiation with snow, ice, and clouds, and for field studies in the Arctic and Antarctic. He has been named a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, the American Meteorological Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".