hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ryan Merkley (ice hockey)
Ryan Merkley (born August 14, 2000) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who plays for the Straubing Tigers of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).  Merkley was drafted in the first round, 21st overall, by the San Jose Sharks in the 2018 NHL entry draft.

Saginaw Spirit
The Saginaw Spirit are a major junior ice hockey team based in Saginaw, Michigan. They are members of the West Division of the Western Conference of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), one of the Major Junior leagues of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). In 2024, the team won the Memorial Cup, their first championship since the franchise moved to Saginaw in 2002, and became only the third American team to win the Memorial Cup.
Convex subgraph
In metric graph theory, a convex subgraph of an undirected graph G is a subgraph that includes every shortest path in G between two of its vertices. Thus, it is analogous to the definition of a convex set in geometry, a set that contains the line segment between every pair of its points.

Convex subgraphs play an important role in the theory of partial cubes and median graphs. In particular, in median graphs, the convex subgraphs have the Helly property: if a family of convex subgraphs has the property that all pairwise intersections are nonempty, then the whole family has a nonempty intersection.

Helly family
In combinatorics, a Helly family of order k is a family of sets in which every minimal subfamily with an empty intersection has k or fewer sets in it. Equivalently, every finite subfamily such that every k-fold intersection is non-empty has non-empty total intersection. The k-Helly property is the property of being a Helly family of order k.

The number k is frequently omitted from these names in the case that k = 2. Thus, a set-family has the Helly property if, for every n sets  in the family, if , then .

These concepts are named after Eduard Helly (1884–1943); Helly's theorem on convex sets, which gave rise to this notion, states that convex sets in Euclidean space of dimension n are a Helly family of order n + 1.
World History Group
World History Group is a magazine publishing company headquartered in Leesburg, Virginia. It was founded in 2006 as the Weider History Group by Eric Weider, son of fitness entrepreneur Ben Weider and nephew of Joe Weider, who also current President of Schiff Nutrition International.

The company published 11 titles reaching 600,000 readers. It operates HistoryNet.com, a website that contains daily features, photo galleries, and articles published in various magazines.

In 2015, the Weider History Group was acquired by the private equity firm Regent, L.P., and renamed World History Group. Regent consolidated its media holdings under a new publishing entity, Archetype, in 2019.

The company ceased publishing in 2024.

Schiff Nutrition International
Schiff Nutrition International, also known as Schiff Vitamins, is a company based in Salt Lake City. Schiff Nutrition is the manufacturer of dietary supplements such as Airborne, MegaRed, and Move Free. It was founded in 1936 as Weider Nutrition International. Since 2012, it has been a subsidiary of Reckitt Benckiser.
KY-68
TSEC/KY-68 DSVT, commonly known as Digital Subscriber Voice Terminal, is a US military ruggedized, full- or half-duplex tactical telephone system with a built-in encryption/decryption module for secure traffic.

It transmits voice and data at 16 or 32 kbit/s, converting voice to a digital signal. The KY-68 can operate via civilian and military switches in either encrypted or un-encrypted mode, or point-to-point (encrypted mode only).

Although used primarily for secure communications, the KY-68 can also transmit to a Digital Non-secure Voice Terminal (DNVT). A local switch warns the KY-68 user with a tone signal when initiating communication with a non-secure terminal.

The KY-68 is keyed using an Electronic Transfer Device, typically either a KYK-13 or AN/CYZ-10.

An almost identical office version (KY-78) features the same electronics as the KY-68, but has an exterior casing composed of lighter materials.

The KY-68 and KY-78 are approved for use with SECRET-classified information.

Rugged computer
A rugged computer or ruggedized computer is a computer specifically designed to operate reliably in harsh usage environments and conditions, such as strong vibrations, extreme temperatures and wet or dusty conditions. They are designed and engineered for rough use conditions, not just in the external housing but in the internal components and cooling arrangements as well.

Typical environments for rugged laptops, tablet PCs and PDAs are public safety, field sales, field service, manufacturing, retail, healthcare, construction, transportation/distribution and the military. They are used in the agricultural industries, and by individuals for outdoor recreation activities.
St Mary's Church, Brentingby
St Mary's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Brentingby, Leicestershire, England.  The walls of the church required renovation when converted into a private house, with the tower standing untouched.  The tower is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust is a registered charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk in England. The charity cares for over 350 churches of architectural, cultural and historic significance, which have been transferred into its care by the Church of England.

The Trust works to prevent any deterioration in the condition of the buildings in its care, and to ensure they are in use as community assets. Local communities are encouraged to use them for activities and events, and the buildings provide an educational resource, allowing children and young people to study history, architecture and other subjects.

Most of the churches saved from closure are Grade I or Grade II* listed. Many are open to visitors as heritage sites, and nearly 2 million people visit the Trust's churches each year. The majority of the churches remain consecrated, though they are not used for regular worship.
L-glycol dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a L-glycol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.185) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an L-glycol + NAD(P)+  a 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound + NAD(P)H + H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-glycol, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glycol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include glycol (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)), dehydrogenase, L-(+)-glycol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase, and L-glycol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Computational microscopy
Computational microscopy combines tailored illumination, coherent scattering, and algorithmic reconstruction to generate quantitative 2D and 3D images spanning length scales from ångströms to centimeters. The field unifies the principles of microscopy and crystallography by replacing or augmenting optical components with phase-retrieval and computational algorithms. Major approaches include coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), ptychography (X-ray and electron), and Fourier ptychography (optical). Together they achieve record spatial resolution, wide fields of view, and quantitative phase contrast across applications ranging from materials and quantum systems to biological imaging and device metrology.

Spatial resolution
In physics and geosciences, the term spatial resolution refers to distance between independent measurements, or the physical dimension that represents a pixel of the image.  While in some instruments, like cameras and telescopes, spatial resolution is directly connected to angular resolution, other instruments, like synthetic aperture radar or a network of weather stations, produce data whose spatial sampling layout is more related to the Earth's surface, such as in remote sensing and satellite imagery.
Cloak n Dagger
"Cloak n Dagger" is a song by the American musicians Glaive and Ericdoa from their collaborative extended play (EP), Then I'll Be Happy (2021). It was released by Interscope Records and Listen to the Kids on January 21, 2021, as the EP's lead single. It was recorded in one day at an Airbnb homestay in North Carolina during January 2021. It was released alongside a music video created on the same day as the song, which contains cameo appearances from the song's producers, Glasear, Kimj, and Whethan. Glaive and Ericdoa wrote the song alongside the producers.

"Cloak n Dagger" is a fast-paced rap, pop, and emo song driven by retro synth layers, a hazy instrumental, and gated drums. The song was written about removing a harmful person from your life; the hook was written about saying "fuck you" to somebody the duo wants to "rot in hell". "Cloak n Dagger" received positive reviews from critics; some thought it was a standout on Then I'll Be Happy and others highlighted the song's hook.

Hook (music)
A hook is a musical idea, often a short riff, passage, or phrase, that is used in popular music to make a song appealing and to "catch the ear of the listener." The term generally applies to popular music, especially rock, urban, dance, and pop. In these genres, the hook is often found in, or consists of, the chorus. A hook can be either melodic or rhythmic, and often incorporates the main motif for a piece of music.
Cristiano (footballer, born 1976)
Cristiano Rocha Canedo Roland (born 4 October 1976), known simply as Cristiano, is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a left-back.  He is currently the head coach of Vietnam U17.

He started at Grêmio and moved to Vasco da Gama in 1996, where he won the Brasileirão in 1997. In 1998, he signed with Beira-Mar winning a Portuguese Cup in 1999 and transferring to Benfica in 2002, where he won another Portuguese Cup in 2004. In 2007, he moved to the V-League, playing for Hanoi T&T on two different spells, winning three major titles.

2013 V.League 1
The 2013 V.League 1 (known as the Eximbank V.League 1 for sponsorship reasons) season was the 30th season of Vietnam's national football league and the 13th as a professional league. The season began on 3 March 2013 and finished on 31 August 2013.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump
The men's high jump competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil was held at the Olympic Stadium between 14–16 August. Forty-four athletes from 28 nations competed. The event was won by Derek Drouin of Canada, the nation's first victory in the men's high jump since 1932 (and second overall). Drouin was the ninth man to win multiple medals in the high jump, after his 2012 silver. Mutaz Essa Barshim, who had tied Drouin for silver in 2012, was the tenth multiple medalist in the event. Barshim's silver was Qatar's fifth Olympic medal in any event, and the first better than bronze. Bohdan Bondarenko took bronze, Ukraine's first medal in the men's high jump.

Andriy Protsenko
Andrii Oleksiyovych Protsenko (Ukrainian: Андрій Олексійович Проценко; born 20 May 1988) is a Ukrainian high jumper. He is the 2022 World bronze medallist, 2014 World Indoor bronze medallist and European silver medallist.
Goal (2007 Hindi film)
Goal (marketed as Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal; transl. Get Set Goal) is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language sports drama film directed by Vivek Agnihotri and produced by Ronnie Screwvala under the banner UTV Motion Pictures. The film stars John Abraham, Bipasha Basu, Arshad Warsi, and Boman Irani. The soundtrack was composed by Pritam with lyrics written by Javed Akhtar, while the background score was composed by Sanjoy Chowdhury.

The story follows the South Asian community in the United Kingdom, told through the setting of professional football. Released on 23 November 2007, Goal received negative reviews from critics. It performed moderately at the box office and was declared "average" by Box Office India.

The film was also screened in the Tous Les Cinémas du Monde (World Cinema) section of the 2007 Cannes Film Festival.

Box Office India
Box Office India is an Indian film website dedicated to tracking, reporting, and analyzing the financial performance of films released in the Hindi entertainment industry.

Established in 2003, Box Office India has become a prominent source of data and insights regarding box office revenues, viewership trends, and industry analyses within the Bollywood industry and other regional cinema in India. The website serves as a comprehensive source for box office statistics, including daily, weekly, and lifetime earnings of films across various Indian languages. Its traffic ranking in India is 83,665 as of 10 July 2021, and is frequently visited by other countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Its site does not include collections from dubbed Telugu, Tamil, or Kannada versions of Bollywood films and vice-versa, nor does it include overseas collections from Far Eastern or Russian markets.

A new Box Office India website went live on 20 January 2014.
Chris Crawford (basketball, born 1992)
Marcus Christopher Crawford (born September 30, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for Paisas of the Baloncesto Profesional Colombiano. He played college basketball for the University of Memphis, and has had an extensive career with teams in Europe, Africa, and South America. He is a two-time All-BAL First Team selection.

University of Memphis
The University of Memphis (Memphis) is a public research university in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, the university has an enrollment of more than 20,000 students.

The university maintains the Herff College of Engineering, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI), the Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law, the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, the former Lambuth University campus in Jackson, Tennessee (now a branch campus of the University of Memphis), the Loewenberg College of Nursing, the School of Public Health, the College of Communication and Fine Arts, the FedEx Institute of Technology, the Advanced Distributed Learning Workforce Co-Lab, and the Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology. The University of Memphis is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High research activity".
Uusvada ludimägi
Uusvada ludimägi is a sacred place in Setomaa Parish, Uusvada village. Next to Ludimägi is an ancient human settlement place that is under protection as archaeological monument no. 13598.          
This sacred place is one of three sacred places in Uusvada village. Ludimägi was a gathering place for the village people on holidays: Midsummer Day and Kolbripäev (Walpurgis Night). On holidays, bonfires were set up on Ludimägi. During Soviet times, a kolkhoz cellar was built on Uusvada ludimägi from dolomite, which was later used as a horse stable. However, the cellar has collapsed and all that is left are limestone cellar walls. Uusvada ludimägi is a private property, in Ludimägi estate. Ludimägi is 100 metres off from the parish road, there is no access road to Ludimägi and it can only be accessed on foot.

Midsummer
Midsummer or Midsommar (Swedish: [ˈmɪ̌ˌsɔmːar] or [ˈmǐːdˌsɔmːar]) is a celebration of the season of summer, taking place on or near the date of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the longest day of the year. The name midsummer mainly refers to summer solstice festivals of European origin. These cultures traditionally regard it as the middle of summer, with the season beginning on May Day. Although the summer solstice falls on 20, 21 or 22 June in the Northern Hemisphere, it was traditionally reckoned to fall on 23–24 June in much of Europe. These dates were Christianized as Saint John's Eve and Saint John's Day. It is usually celebrated with outdoor gatherings that include bonfires, maypole dancing and feasting.
The Oath on the Grütli
The Oath on the Rütli, also known as The Oath of the Three Confederates on the Rütli, is an oil on canvas painting by the Swiss artist Henry Fuseli, created in 1779–1781. It was commissioned by the city of Zürich, and is now held in the Kunsthaus Zürich. There are also several sketches and studies preserved in various museums around the world.

Kunsthaus Zürich
The Kunsthaus Zürich is an art museum in Zurich. It is the biggest art museum in Switzerland by area and houses one of the most important art collections in Switzerland, assembled over time by the Zürcher Kunstgesellschaft, a nonprofit art society. The collection spans from the Middle Ages to contemporary art, with an emphasis on Swiss art.
The Tibet Center
The Tibet Center, also known as Kunkhyab Thardo Ling, is a dharma center for the study of Tibetan Buddhism. Founded by Venerable Khyongla Rato Rinpoche in 1975, it is one of the oldest Tibetan Buddhist centers in New York City. The current director is Khen Rinpoche Nicholas Vreeland, the abbot of Rato Dratsang monastery. Philip Glass assisted with the founding of The Tibet Center. Since 1991 TTC has invited and hosted the 14th Dalai Lama for teaching events in New York in partnership with the Gere Foundation.

Dharma centre
A Dharma Centre (Sanskrit) or Dhamma Centre (Pali) is a non-monastic Buddhist centre in a community.

According to the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition, the function of these centres is to preserve and spread the teachings of Buddhism. Many of the larger centres have lay residents. According to the New Kadampa Tradition, dharma centres provide the focus of a local Buddhist community and provide facilities for study, practice and living by moral precepts.
Masjid Abdul Gaffoor
The Abdul Gaffoor Mosque (Malay: Masjid Abdul Gaffoor, Tamil: மஸ்ஜித் அப்துல் கஃபூர், romanized: Masjit Aptul Kaḥpūr) is a mosque in Little India, Singapore. It is located at Dunlop Street in the Rochor Planning Area.

The mosque was constructed in 1907, and major restoration of the building was completed in 2003. The mosque is currently owned by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS).

The mosque is also known by the following variant names: Abdul Gafoor Mosque, Abdul Gafor Mosque, Abdul Gaffor Mosque, Abdul Gaphore Mosque, Abdul Gapore Mosque, Dunlop Street Mosque and Indian Mosque.

Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura
The Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS), also known as the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (IRCS), is a statutory board of the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth of the Government of Singapore. As a majlis, its role is to look after the administration and interests of Singapore's Muslim community. The Majlis is headed by a Council, in which members are appointed by the President of Singapore. Since 2009, the council is headquartered in the Singapore Islamic Hub, along Braddell Road.
Lobofemora scheirei
Lobofemora scheirei is a species of stick insects in the tribe Clitumnini.  This species was found in the seasonal tropical forests of the Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve (type locality), which includes Cát Tiên National Park, Vietnam.
It is named after the Belgian comedian, TV host and self-declared nerd Lieven Scheire.

Cát Tiên National Park
Cát Tiên National Park (Vietnamese: Vườn quốc gia Cát Tiên) is a national park located in the south of Vietnam, in the provinces of Đồng Nai, Bình Phước and Lâm Đồng. It is approximately 150 km north of Ho Chi Minh City. It has an area of about 720 km2 and protects one of the largest areas of lowland tropical forests left in Vietnam.
Since 2011, Cát Tiên National Park has been a part of Đồng Nai Biosphere Reserve.
Pima Medical Institute
The Pima Medical Institute (PMI) is a private for-profit medical career college that trains students for careers as allied health care professionals with campuses throughout the western United States. PMI is the largest independently owned, private allied health school in the U.S. and is nationally accredited by the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES).

For-profit education
For-profit education (also known as the education services industry or proprietary education) refers to educational institutions operated by private, profit-seeking businesses. For-profit education is common in many parts of the world, constituting more than 70% of the higher education sector in Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines.
William Wilkes
William Harry Walters Wilkes (1865 - 18 February 1940) was an English first-class cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played 14 times for Worcestershire in their early years as a first-class team.

Born in Aston, Birmingham, Wilkes' first-class debut came in a County Championship match against Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1899, Worcestershire's first season at that level; he made 55 in his only innings. The following summer he made ten appearances, while in 1901 he hit his only century, 109 against Yorkshire at Dewsbury. His last match was against Sussex in 1902.

Wilkes died in Birmingham at the age of 75.

Aston
Aston is an area of inner Birmingham, in the metropolitan West Midlands of England, and historically within Warwickshire. Located immediately to the north-west of Central Birmingham, Aston constitutes a ward within the metropolitan authority. Prior to 1911, it was an independent parish, separate to Birmingham, known as Aston-juxta-Birmingham. It is approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from Birmingham City Centre.
Chiruvolu
Chiruvolu is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Mopidevi mandal of Machilipatnam revenue division. It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Machilipatnam revenue division
Machilipatnam revenue division (or Machilipatnam division) is an administrative division in the Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district with 12 mandals under its administration. Machilipatnam serves as the headquarters of the division. The division has 2 municipalities namely, Machilipatnam and Pedana.
Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 1)
Bigg Boss OTT 1, also known as Bigg Boss: Over-the-Top Season 1, was the first season of the Indian reality digital series Bigg Boss OTT which itself is the spin-off version of Bigg Boss. It premiered on 8 August 2021 on Voot with Karan Johar as the host for the OTT version. The Grand Finale of the show took place on 18 September 2021 where Divya Agarwal emerged as the winner and Nishant Bhat emerged as the runner-up.

Ace of Space 1
Ace Of Space 1 is the first season of Indian reality competition television series, MTV Ace of Space. Hosted by Vikas Gupta, it aired from 20 October 2018 to 31 December 2018 on MTV India. After 71 days, Divya Agarwal emerged as the winner of the season.