hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
A severe outbreak of cholera occurred in 1854 near Broad Street (now Broadwick Street) and Golden Square in Soho, London, England, during the worldwide 1846–1860 cholera pandemic. The outbreak (also known as Golden Square outbreak), which killed 616 people, is best known for the physician John Snow's study of its causes and his hypothesis that germ-contaminated water was the cause, rather than something in the air called "miasma". This discovery influenced public health and the construction of improved sanitation facilities beginning in the mid-19th century. Later, the term "focus of infection" was used to describe sites, such as the Broad Street pump, where conditions are favourable for transmission of infection. Snow unknowingly took advantage of a natural experiment during his endeavours to identify the cause of cholera transmission.

Disease outbreak
In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for the location or season. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. The number of cases varies according to the disease-causing agent, and the size and type of previous and existing exposure to the agent. Outbreaks include many epidemics, which is a term normally only used for infectious diseases, as well as diseases with an environmental origin, such as a water or foodborne disease.  They may affect a region in a country or a group of countries. Pandemics are near-global disease outbreaks when multiple and various countries around the Earth are soon infected.
The George, Hammersmith
The George is a Grade II listed public house at 28 Hammersmith Broadway, Hammersmith, London.

It was built in 1911, by the architects Nowell Parr and A E Kates.

It is now a branch of the bar/restaurant chain Belushi's.

Belushi's
Belushi's is a British bar chain.

In 1993, the first Belushi's bar was opened in London's Covent Garden. In 1995, the first St Christopher's Inn backpacker hostel opened in Southwark. By 1999, the parent company Beds and Bars had six backpacker bars and 350 beds in London.

As of 2014, Beds and Bars has bars and/or hostels in London, Newquay and Edinburgh in the UK; and Amsterdam, Bruges, Berlin and Paris elsewhere in Europe.
Miriam S. Farley
Miriam Southwell Farley (January 13, 1907 – March 4, 1975) was an American political scientist on the staff of the Institute of Pacific Relations. She was editor of Far Eastern Survey in the 1940s. From 1956 through the 1960s, she was managing editor at Indiana University Press.

Asian Survey
Asian Survey: A Bimonthly Review of Contemporary Asian Affairs is a bimonthly academic journal of Asian studies published by the University of California Press on behalf of the Institute of East Asian Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.
National Democratic Union (Greece)
National Democratic Union (Greek: Εθνική Δημοκρατική Ένωσις, ΕΔΕ) was a Greek political party. The party was founded in 1974 by Petros Garoufalias, a former member of the Centre Union. The party was founded in order to represent the royalists and supporters of the recently deposed junta.

It participated in the 1974 Greek legislative election and gained  1.08%. After the electoral failure, the party dissolved.

Petros Garoufalias
Petros Garoufalias (Greek: Πέτρος Γαρουφαλιάς, 1901 – September 17, 1984) was a Greek politician and businessman, and President of the Fix Beer Company. He was a major financial backer of Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou, under whom he served as Minister of Defense. However, he was heavily involved in the events known as the "Iouliana" of 1965, which led to the fall of the Center Union government.
Myriam Schropp
Myriam Schropp (born 29 April 1966) is a retired German tennis player. She played on the WTA tour from 1982 to 1988. She represented West Germany at the 1984 and 1985 Fed Cup. She also competed at several Grand Slam tournaments and reached the semifinals of the 1984 Japan Open.

1984 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 1984 Japan Open Tennis Championships  was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Tokyo, Japan that was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix and the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The tournament was held from 8 October through 14 October 1984. David Pate and Lilian Drescher won the singles titles.
Matthew Sleeth (Christian environmentalist)
Matthew Sleeth is an American author and advocate of creation care. A former emergency department physician, Sleeth wrote his first book, Serve God, Save the Planet (Zondervan), in May 2006. Since then, he has spoken more than 900 times in churches, schools and to media outlets about the biblical mandate to care for the Earth.

In 2008, Sleeth wrote the introduction to The Green Bible (HarperOne) and in 2010 wrote The Gospel According to the Earth: Why the Good Book is a Green Book (HarperOne). His third book, 24/6: A Prescription for a Healthier, Happier Life was released in November 2012 (Tyndale House Publishers). Through his nonprofit, Blessed Earth, Sleeth wrote and released a 12-part creation care DVD series called Serving God, Saving the Planet (Zondervan), with accompanying guidebooks, in 2010.

His book Reforesting Faith: What Trees Teach Us About the Nature of God and His Love for Us was published by WaterBrook/Penguin Random House April 16, 2019.

Zondervan
Zondervan is an international Christian media and publishing company located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States. Zondervan is a founding member of the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association (ECPA). It is a part of  HarperCollins Christian Publishing, Inc. and has multiple imprints including Zondervan Academic, Zonderkidz, Blink, and Editorial Vida. Zondervan is the commercial rights holder for the New International Version (NIV) Bible in North America. According to the Zondervan website, it is the largest Christian publisher.
Don Webb (writer)
Don Webb (born 1960) is an American science fiction and mystery writer, as well as an author of several books on Left Hand Path occult philosophy.  He is also a former High Priest of the Temple of Set.

Pulphouse Publishing
Pulphouse Publishing was an American small press publisher based in Eugene, Oregon, and specializing in science fiction and fantasy. It was founded by Dean Wesley Smith and Kristine Kathryn Rusch in 1988. The press was active until 1996. Over that period, Pulphouse published 244 different titles.
Margarita (Indian TV series)
Margarita is an Indian television show broadcast on Zee TV in 1997, starring Milind Soman, Rajeshwari Sachdev, Nivedita Bhattacharya, Malvika Singh, Vinay Pathak, Nadira, and Kalpana Iyer.

Margarita is a love story, set in Goa against a Portuguese backdrop. It tells the story of Pedro who is in love with Margarita, also called Tita, the youngest of the family's three children. However, a family tradition that the youngest daughter remains unmarried to take care of her aged parents prevents the two from marrying. So, Soman marries one of the other sisters to be close to his loved one.

This show was ahead of its time. The show begins in a TV studio where Suchitra Pillai narrates the story of Margarita, her grandmother from her diary kept and maintained by Margarita throughout her life.

The music has been scored by Louis Banks and the costumes designed by Wendell Rodriques.

Rajeshwari Sachdev
Rajeshwari Sachdev (14 April 1974) is an Indian actress known for her role in Shyam Benegal's film Sardari Begum (1996), for which she won the 1997 National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Sachdev co-hosted the Zee TV musical show, Antakshari from 1994 to 2001 with Annu Kapoor. In 2005, she along with her husband Varun Badola, took part a reality TV dance competition show, Nach Baliye. She also worked in Crime TV series Rihhaee where she played a role of an activist.
PL Gakuen Women's Junior College
PL Gakuen Women's Junior College (PL学園女子短期大学, PL Gakuen Joshi Tanki Daigaku) was a private junior college in Tondabayashi Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It was established in 1974 as a junior college of PL Kyodan. A distance course was set up in 1977 and discontinued in 1988. It was abolished in 2009.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's 400 metre freestyle
The women's 400 metre freestyle event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 15 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.

There were 12 competitors from 8 countries who took part in this event. Two heats were held, the heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

Shao Yiwen and Liu Jing from China won the gold and silver medal respectively, South Korean swimmer Seo Youn-jeong won the bronze medal.

China at the 2010 Asian Games
China participated and hosted the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou on 12–27 November 2010. China achieved a historic milestone by surpassing the 400-medal threshold in a single edition, so becoming the first nation to do so in the history of the Asian Games.
Uncertain Lady
Uncertain Lady is a 1934 American comedy film directed by Karl Freund, written by Daniel Evans, Doris Anderson, Edward A. Curtiss, George O'Neil and Don Ryan, and starring Edward Everett Horton, Genevieve Tobin, Paul Cavanagh, Mary Nash, Renee Gadd and Donald Reed. It was released on April 3, 1934, by Universal Pictures.

Karl Freund
Karl W. Freund, A.S.C. (German: [frɔʏnt]; January 16, 1890 – May 3, 1969) was a German Bohemian and American cinematographer and film director. He is best known for photographing Metropolis (1927), Dracula (1931), and television's I Love Lucy (1951–1957), and for directing The Mummy (1932). Freund was an innovator in the field of cinematography, often noted for pioneering the unchained camera technique, arguably the most important stylistic innovation of the 20th century, setting the stage for some of the most commonly used cinematic techniques of modern contemporary cinema.
Dudin
Dudin  (Дудин ['dudʲin], with its female form Dudina (Дудина)) is a Russian surname derived from the Russian word дудка for "fife", "pipe" that is also present in the Russian diaspora.
Notable people with the name Dudin/Dudina include:

Aleksei Dudin (born 1977), former Russian footballer

Ann Dudin Brown (1822–1917), English philanthropist

Mariia Dudina (born 1998), Russian handballer

Nedal Dudin (1974-2023),

Consultant TRACE Consulting Ltd

Marwan Dudin (1936–2016), Jordanian government minister

Mikhail Dudin (1916–1993), Russian poet

Nikolai Dudin (born 1973), Soviet-Russian serial killer

Samuil Dudin (1863–1929), Russian ethnographer, photographer, artist and explorer

Valery Dudin (born 1963), Soviet-Russian luger

Yelena Dudina, Soviet-Russian canoer

Nikolai Dudin
Nikolai Arkadievich Dudin (Russian: Никола́й Арка́дьевич Ду́дин; born 22 December 1973), known as The Grim Maniac (Russian: Обидчивый маньяк), is a Soviet-Russian serial killer who killed 13 people in the town of Furmanov between 1987 and 2002.
A Veiga
A Veiga is a municipality (concello) in the south-east of the province of Ourense in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. At 291 km², it is one of the largest concellos in the province. The capital is the town of A Veiga, also known as A Veiga (Santa María) or Santa María da Veiga to distinguish it from other towns and villages in Galicia of the same name (as the parish Church is Santa María).  A Veíga is located 150 km from Ourense. The municipality has a population of 1,273 (2005), and a relatively low and decreasing population density (4.37 people/km²).

It is a mountainous area, including the Pena Trevinca, the tallest peak in Galicia at 2124 m. There are 29 parroquias (parishes).

The Prada Reservoir (encoro de Prada) lies in the province. It takes water from the river Xares, a tributary to the river Bibey. The dam was constructed in 1958 and submerged the town of Alberguería on May 9, 1959.

Trevinca
Peña Trevinca (Galician: Pena Trevinca), also known as Trevinca, is a mountain in northern Spain. It is located at the confluence of the Montes de León and the Macizo Galaico on the boundary between the autonomous communities of Galicia and Castile and León.  It is the highest mountain in Galicia and in the province of Zamora.

The mountain has a 22,510 ha bird-life Special Protection Area.
Cleveland State Vikings men's golf
The Cleveland State Vikings men's golf team represents Cleveland State University in the sport of golf. The Vikings compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Horizon League. They are currently led by head coach Steve Weir. The Cleveland State Vikings men's golf program has won ten Horizon League championships. Cleveland State has the most men's golf titles in the history of the Horizon League at ten.

Horizon League
The Horizon League is a collegiate athletic conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Headquartered in Indianapolis, the league's eleven member schools are located in and near the Great Lakes region and in part of the Southern United States.

The Horizon League founded in 1979 as the Midwestern City Conference. The conference changed its name to Midwestern Collegiate Conference in 1985 and then the Horizon League in 2001. The conference started with a membership of six teams and has fluctuated in size with 24 different schools as members at different times. The league currently has 11 members.

The Horizon League currently sponsors 19 sports and is a non-football conference.
The City (1994 film)
The City is a 1994 Indian Malayalam-language action film directed by I. V. Sasi and written by T. Damodaran from a story by Priyadarsan. The cast includes Suresh Gopi, Urvashi, Lalu Alex, Ratheesh, Ahana and Anandaraj.

Lalu Alex
Lalu Alex is an Indian film actor who works predominately in Malayalam films. In a career spanning four decades, he has acted in over 250 films and is known for his comic, antagonistic and character roles.

Lalu started his acting career as a supporting actor in the film Ee Ganam Marakkumo in 1978 and associated with notable films in his earlier career including Idi Muzhakkam, Nayattu (directed by Sreekumaran Thampi), Meen, Thushaaram and Thrishna. He has also acted in three Tamil movies.
Edinborough Park
Edinborough Park is a 1-acre (4,000 m2), fully enclosed indoor park located in Edina, Minnesota.  The park is operated by the City of Edina and contains a junior-Olympic size swimming pool, a 250-seat Greek-style amphitheater, a running track and fitness area, a huge indoor playground and a multi-purpose banquet room and play area.  All of these amenities are connected by meandering pathways through the densely landscaped interior, which contains more than 6,000 plants, trees and flowers.

Enclosing the park are condominiums as well as the Residence Inn by Marriott, both of which have indoor access to the pool/track and paid admission to the park.

Banquet
A banquet (/ˈbæŋkwɪt/; French: [bɑ̃kɛ]) is a formal large meal where a number of people consume food together. Banquets are traditionally held to enhance the prestige of a host, or reinforce social bonds among joint contributors. Modern examples of these purposes include a charitable gathering, a ceremony, or a celebration. They often involve speeches in honor of the topic or guest of honour.

The older English term for a lavish meal was feast, and "banquet" originally meant a specific and different kind of meal, often following a feast, but in a different room or even building, which concentrated on sweet foods of various kinds.  These became highly fashionable as sugar became much more common in Europe at the start of the 16th century.  It was a grand form of the dessert course, and special banqueting houses, often on the roof or in the grounds of large houses, were built for them.  Such meals are also called a "sugar collation".
Donald Weber
Donald Weber is a literary critic and a specialist in Jewish American literature and film studies. He is the Lucia, Ruth, and Elizabeth MacGregor Professor of English and Chair of the English department at Mount Holyoke College.

Mount Holyoke College
Mount Holyoke College is a private women's liberal arts college in South Hadley, Massachusetts, United States. It is the oldest member of the historic Seven Sisters colleges, a group of historically women’s colleges in the Northeastern United States. The college was founded in 1837 as the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary by Mary Lyon, a pioneer in education for women. Mount Holyoke is part of the Five College Consortium in Western Massachusetts.

Undergraduate admissions are restricted to female, transgender, and nonbinary students. In 2014, it became the first member of the Seven Sisters (not counting the coeducational Vassar College) to introduce an admissions policy that was inclusive of transgender students. Graduate programs are open to applicants regardless of gender.

The college's 800-acre (3.2 km2) campus includes the Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, the John Payson Williston Observatory, and a botanic garden. The college awards the Glascock Prize annually.
Men's Olympic Downhill (East Summit)
Men's Olympic / East Summit is a World Cup downhill ski course in western Canada on Mount Whitehorn in Lake Louise, Alberta. The race course debuted in 1980.

Part of Lake Louise Ski Resort, the course has hosted 82 women's World Cup events (third all-time) and 45 events for men (13th all-time). The most recent World Cup events were held over three years ago in late November and early December 2022.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Ronaldo Maarman
Ronaldo Maarman (born 29 November 1999) is a South African soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Sekhukhune United in the South African Premier Division.

Maarman came through the academy of Chippa United and played in the Diski Challenge Shield. While waiting to make his first-team debut, in 2020–2021 he was loaned out to First Division club Cape Town All Stars. After showing his potential there, he was signed by Orlando Pirates in the summer of 2021. The major South African club immediately sent him on his second loan to Cape Town All Stars. With Maarman, All Stars reached the playoffs to the Premier Division, but did not succeed.

The next season, Maarman was loaned out again, this time to his old club Chippa United. He made his first-tier debut in the 2022–23 South African Premier Division. In the summer of 2023, both Chippa United and possibly other clubs wanted to sign Maarman permanently. In August 2023 Chippa United managed to complete the transfer.

South African Premiership
The South African Premiership, also known as the Betway Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and commonly referred to as the PSL after its governing body, is a professional soccer league in South Africa and the highest level of the South African soccer league system. It has been organised since 1996.

The 2024–25 season started on 14 September 2024, Mamelodi Sundowns successfully defended the title in 2025 which they've held continuously since the 2017–18 season.
Hampden County Training School
The Hampden County Training School was a reformatory school for boys at 702 South Westfield Street in Agawam, Massachusetts.  Established in 1916, it operated until 1972, providing training agriculture and vocational skills to its charges.  In 2010, the state sold the property to a veterans support organization for conversion to residences.  The facility opened in 2017.  The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

Reformatory
A reformatory or reformatory school is a youth detention center or an adult correctional facility popular during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western countries. In the United Kingdom and United States, they came out of social concerns about cities, poverty, immigration, and gender following industrialization, as well as from a shift in penology to reforming instead of punishing the criminal. They were traditionally single-sex institutions that relied on education, vocational training, and removal from the city. Although their use declined throughout the 20th century, their impact can be seen in practices like the United States' continued implementation of parole and the indeterminate sentence.
Mone-san no Majimesugiru Tsukiaikata
Mone-san no Majimesugiru Tsukiaikata (モネさんのマジメすぎるつき合い方, Monet's Serious Relationship) is a Japanese web manga series written and illustrated by Masaki Gotō. It was serialized on Shueisha's Shōnen Jump+ online platform from August 2017 to September 2019, with its chapters collected in eight tankōbon volumes.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Henry Nicol
Henry Nicol (1845–1880) was a philologist specialized in French phonology.  Cousin of Henry Sweet, Nicol was persuaded in 1871 by Frederick James Furnivall to take over the editorship of OED but was prevented by ill health and other problems to do so.

Henry Sweet
Henry Sweet (15 September 1845 – 30 April 1912) was an English philologist, phonetician and grammarian.

As a philologist, he specialized in the Germanic languages, particularly Old English and Old Norse. In addition, Sweet published works on larger issues of phonetics and grammar in language and the teaching of languages. Many of his ideas have remained influential, and a number of his works continue to be in print, being used as course texts at colleges and universities.