hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hassab's decongestion operation
Hassab's decongestion operation is an elective surgical procedure to treat esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension as a result of cirrhosis of the liver. It was created by Dr. Mohammed Aboul-Fotouh Hassab, a professor of surgery at Alexandria University in Egypt.

Esophageal varices
Esophageal varices are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus. They are most often a consequence of portal hypertension, commonly due to cirrhosis. People with esophageal varices have a strong tendency to develop severe bleeding which when left untreated can be fatal. Esophageal varices are typically diagnosed through an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
Pyrrolidinylmethylindole
Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles, or 3-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indoles, also known as α,N-trimethylenetryptamines, are a group of cyclized tryptamines in which the amine has been cyclized with the α position of the ethyl side chain via a propyl group to form a pyrrolidine ring. They include the psychedelic and related compounds MPMI, 4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol), 5-F-MPMI, and 5-MeO-MPMI and the triptans and related compounds eletriptan and CP-135807. Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles are known to act as serotonin receptor agonists, including of the serotonin 5-HT1 and/or 5-HT2 receptors.

MSP-2020 is also a pyrrolidinylmethylindole, though its specific chemical structure has not been disclosed and is unclear.

Ring (chemistry)
In chemistry, a ring is an ambiguous term referring either to a simple cycle of atoms and bonds in a molecule or to a connected set of atoms and bonds in which every atom and bond is a member of a cycle (also called a ring system). A ring system that is a simple cycle is called a monocycle or simple ring, and one that is not a simple cycle is called a polycycle or polycyclic ring system. A simple ring contains the same number of sigma bonds as atoms, and a polycyclic ring system contains more sigma bonds than atoms.

A molecule containing one or more rings is called a cyclic compound, and a molecule containing two or more rings (either in the same or different ring systems) is termed a polycyclic compound. A molecule containing no rings is called an acyclic or open-chain compound.
Tataskweyak Cree Nation
The Tataskweyak Cree Nation (Cree: ᑕᑕᐢᑿᔭᕽ, tataskwayak) (Formerly known as Split Lake Cree First Nation in English) is a First Nations band government whose primary community is located at Split Lake, Manitoba, on the Nelson River system. Despite its remote location, it is serviced by Provincial Road 280, which connects the community to Thompson.

The Split Lake band have entered into an agreement with Manitoba Hydro regarding potential hydroelectric development at Keeyask Rapids.

Its main reserve is Split Lake 171 (56°14′43″N 96°05′38″W﻿ / ﻿56.24528°N 96.09389°W﻿ / 56.24528; -96.09389).

Manitoba Hydro
The Manitoba Hydro-Electric Board, operating as Manitoba Hydro, is the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Founded in 1961, it is a provincial Crown Corporation, governed by the Manitoba Hydro-Electric Board and the Manitoba Hydro Act. Today the company operates 16 interconnected generating stations. It has more than 527,000 electric power customers and more than 263,000 natural gas customers. Since most of the electrical energy is provided by hydroelectric power, the utility has low electricity rates. Stations in Northern Manitoba are connected by a HVDC system, the Nelson River Bipole, to customers in the south. The internal staff are members of the Canadian Union of Public Employees Local 998 while the outside workers are members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 2034.

Manitoba Hydro headquarters in the downtown Winnipeg Manitoba Hydro Place officially opened in 2009.
2022 California Proposition 31
Proposition 31 was a California ballot proposition regarding the regulation and prohibition of flavored tobacco that appeared on the 2022 general election ballot.

A "yes" vote supported limiting the retail sale of flavored tobacco while a "no" vote opposed such limits.

Flavored tobacco
Flavored tobacco products—tobacco products with added flavorings—include types of cigarettes, cigarillos and cigars, hookahs and hookah tobacco, various types of smokeless tobacco, and more recently electronic cigarettes. Flavored tobacco products are especially popular with youth and have therefore become targets of regulation in several countries.

According to a 2013 survey of internet tobacco retailers, the most common flavors are apple, cherry, chocolate, honey, grape, menthol, mint, peach, rum, strawberry, "sweet" (including bubble gum, candy, mango, blueberry, strawberry, orange, gum mint, and toffee) and vanilla.
Roxio
Roxio is an American software company specializing in developing consumer digital media products. Its product line includes tools for setting up digital media projects, media conversion software and content distribution systems. The company formed as a spin-off of Adaptec's software division in 2001 and acquired MGI Software in 2002.

In 2003, Roxio relaunched Napster as a competitor to iTunes and partnered with Samsung to introduce a Napster-branded MP3 player, but the initiative saw limited success.

Sonic Solutions acquired Roxio in 2003, going on to acquire Simple Star and CinemaNow in 2008. Rovi Corporation acquired Sonic Solutions in 2010, but Rovi announced in January 2012 that it would sell Roxio to Canadian software company Corel. That acquisition closed on February 7, 2012.

CinemaNow
CinemaNow, LLC was an international over-the-top (OTT) provider of video on demand and streaming media. It was available to viewers in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. The company was founded in 1999 and was headquartered in Los Angeles, California. CinemaNow was sold several times and was eventually shut down on August 1, 2017.

The CinemaNow platform was available on the web, on mobile devices running Android and iOS, on PlayStation and Xbox game consoles, and on CE devices including LG, Panasonic, Samsung, and Toshiba. Videos from CinemaNow were available for electronic sell-through via Download To Own, in the home video release window, DVD burning, as well as rental time-limited viewing in the pay-per-view window. As of 2016, the company had 55,000 movies and TV episodes in its library.
Northern Hearts AFC
Northern Hearts is an association football club based in Timaru, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1947 and from 1982 to 1990 was amalgamated with Timaru City as South Canterbury United. It reverted to Northern Hearts in 1991.

Northern Hearts competed in the various Southern Premier leagues from 1971 to the mid-2000s. The club's best end-of-season position came in 2001, when they finished as runners-up in the premiership.

Northern Hearts first competed for the Chatham Cup in 1947.

Northern Hearts best Chatham Cup performance came in 1980, when it reached the last 16 before losing 2–5 to eventual finalists Dunedin City.

Dunedin City AFC
Dunedin City is a former New Zealand football club based in the South Island city of Dunedin. Dunedin City was founded in 1909 as Dunedin High School Old Boys, and changed their name to Dunedin City in 1970. The team won the Chatham Cup in 1981, and was a member of the National League in 1977 and 1979–87, before withdrawing from the league for financial reasons. The team won promotion again in 1991 but choose not to join the National League due to the travel costs. The team survived until 1991 before being disbanded.
Knowledge Quarter, Liverpool
The Knowledge Quarter is an innovation district covering 450 acres of the Liverpool city centre, incorporating the vicinity around London Road, Islington, the Fabric District, Paddington Village and part of Canning.

The Knowledge Quarter contains a number of institutions that operate within the knowledge economy. Some of the institutions within the area include the University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Physicians and various others across Liverpool Science Park and Paddington Village.

Mount Pleasant, Liverpool
Mount Pleasant is a street in Liverpool city centre. It is towards one end of Hope Street, and is the location of the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral.

It is situated on the site of one of the hills which surrounded the village of Liverpool before it expanded to be one of the United Kingdom's major cities.

William Roscoe, the historian was born in Mount Pleasant in 1753. See  The House in which Roscoe was Born., painted by Samuel Austin.
Draslovka Holding
Draslovka Holding a.s. is a Czech chemical group headquartered in Kolín that produces sodium cyanide and related chemicals for industrial applications, including mining. One of the largest global companies in the production and distribution of sodium cyanide.

In 2024, Draslovka announced plans to partner with Austria-based Petrochemical Holding GmbH (PCH), chaired by Iakov Goldovskiy, on a sodium cyanide project in Alexandria, Egypt, oriented toward exports and supported by Egypt’s petroleum ministry and cabinet-level investment discussions.

Kolín
Kolín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkoliːn] ⓘ; German: Kolin, Neu Kolin) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 33,000 inhabitants. The town is situated in a lowland on the Elbe River.

Kolín was founded in the 13th century. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation. The most significant monument is the Church of Saint Bartholomew, protected as a national cultural monument.
Nikola-Koren
Nikola-Koren (Russian: Никола-Корень) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ustyanskoye Rural Settlement, Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 139 as of 2002. There are 4 streets.

Ust-Kubinsky District
Ust-Kubinsky District (Russian: Усть-Ку́бинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vozhegodsky District in the north, Kharovsky District in the northeast, Sokolsky District in the southeast, Vologodsky District in the southwest, and with Kirillovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,400 square kilometers (930 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) in Ustye. District's population: 8,094 (2010 census); 9,350 (2002 Census); 11,280 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ustye accounts for 48.7% of the district's population.
Cross-country skiing at the 1994 Winter Olympics – Men's 10 kilometre classical
The men's 10 kilometre classical cross-country skiing competition at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, was held on 17 February at Birkebeineren Ski Stadium in Lillehammer.

Each skier started at half a minute intervals, skiing the entire 10 kilometre course. The Norwegian Sture Sivertsen was the 1993 World champion. Men's 10 kilometre classical was not a part of the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada.

Sture Sivertsen
Sture Sivertsen (born 16 April 1966) is a retired Norwegian cross-country skier who competed during the 1990s. He represented Leirådal IL. He made his world cup debut in Örnsköldsvik in 1990, finishing eight. His first World Cup podium came at Oslo in 1991 where he came third in the 50 km while his final world cup podium came at Val di Fiemme in 1997, where he finished third in the 10 km. He became world champion in 10 km and in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1993 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. At the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, he finished third in the 50 km. He also has one gold and one silver medal from the olympics in relay, silver from 1994 and gold from 1998. He has two additional world championship relay gold medals from 1995 and 1997
Surkhab I
Surkhab I (Persian: سهراب) was the second ruler of the Bavand dynasty from ca. 673 to 717.

He was the son of Farrukhzad, a Parthian nobleman from the Ispahbudhan family, a family which had a long story of service to the Sasanians, tracing his descent back to Bawi. Surkhab also had four brothers named Isfandyadh, Shahram, Bahram, and Farrukhan. In 665, Farrukhzad was murdered by a Karenid named Valash, who then had his domains conquered. After the murder of his father, Surkhab fled to a Bavand stronghold in Mazandaran. In 673, Surkhab avenged his father by killing Valash, and then reconquered lost Bavand territory. He then crowned himself as ispahbadh of the Bavandids at his capital in Perim. Surkhab died in 717, and was succeeded by his son Mihr Mardan.

Wilferd Madelung
Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung FBA (26 December 1930 – 9 May 2023) was a German author and scholar of Islamic history widely recognised for his contributions to the fields of Islamic and Iranian studies. He was appreciated in Iran for his "knowledgeable and fair" treatment of the Shia perspective. In the obituary of the Institute of Ismaili Studies (London) where Madelung worked his last years, it reads: "With particular reference to religious schools and movements in early Islam, his studies, based on a vast array of primary sources, have enriched the discipline’s understanding of almost every major Muslim movement and community – not only early Imami Shi‘ism and the later developments of Twelver, Ismaili and Zaydi Islam but also the lesser known aspects of Sunni, Khariji and the Mu‘tazili schools of theology and philosophy."
1982 Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council election
Elections to the Wigan Council were held on Thursday, 6 May 1982, with one third of the council up for election. The newly formed Alliance made three gains, replacing the Conservatives as the main opposition to Labour. The Alliance massively increased upon the Liberals' past participation, contesting every ward, in marked contrast to a year in which candidate variety fell to a low, with only the former Labour councillor, standing again as Independent Labour in Hindley ward, not representing the three aforementioned choices. Overall turnout was down 2.6% to 33.6%.

Hindley, Greater Manchester
Hindley (/ˈhɪndli/ HIND-lee) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England. It is three miles (4.8 km) east of Wigan and covers an area of 2,580 acres (1,044 ha). Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, Hindley (which includes Hindley Green) borders the towns and villages of Ince-in-Makerfield, Aspull, Westhoughton, Atherton and Westleigh in the former borough of Leigh. In 2001, Hindley had a population of 23,457, increasing to 28,000 at the 2011 Census. It forms part of the wider Greater Manchester Urban Area.
Athnid
Athnid (Irish Áth Nid, "ford of the nest"), some times written Adnith, or Athnett, is a civil parish in the barony of Eliogarty in County Tipperary. It is divided into two townlands: Athnid More (containing a little more than 638 acres)) and Athnid Beg (containing a little more than 216 acres).

Writing in 1837, Lewis said that the parish had 253 inhabitants.

Eliogarty
Eliogarty (Irish: Éile Uí Fhógarta) is a barony in County Tipperary, Ireland. This geographical unit of land is one of 12 baronies in County Tipperary. Its chief town is Thurles. The barony lies between Ikerrin to the north (whose chief town is Roscrea), Kilnamanagh Upper to the west (whose chief town is Borrisoleigh), Middle Third to the south (whose chief town is Cashel) and County Kilkenny to the east. It is currently administered by Tipperary County Council.
Reinhold Lopatka
Reinhold Lopatka (born 27 January 1960) is an Austrian politician of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) who has been serving as a member of the European Parliament since the 2024 European Parliament election in Austria. He led the ÖVP list in the elections.

2024 European Parliament election in Austria
The 2024 European Parliament election in Austria was held on 9 June 2024 as part of the 2024 European Parliament election. This was the seventh European Parliament election held in Austria, and the first to take place after Brexit.

The Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), by winning the European Parliament election with 25.4%, won its first ever nationwide election in Austria. It was the first time that the ÖVP did not emerge as the largest party in a European Parliament election.
St. Martin's Church, Zillis
46°38′03″N 9°26′30″E﻿ / ﻿46.63417°N 9.44167°E﻿ / 46.63417; 9.44167

St. Martin's Church (German: Kirche Sankt Martin Zillis) is an aisleless church in Zillis in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland.  It is a member church of the Zillis/Schamserberg parish of the Evangelisch-reformierte Landeskirche Graubünden (Reformed Church of Grisons), part of the Protestant Church of Switzerland.  The current structure was built in the 12th century.  It is renowned for its intricately painted ceiling, an unusually well-preserved example of Romanesque artwork of the 12th century.  The church is part of the Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance.

Protestant Church of Switzerland
The Protestant Church in Switzerland (PCS), formerly named Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches until 31 December 2019, is a federation of 25 member churches – 24 cantonal churches and the Evangelical-Methodist Church of Switzerland. The PCS is not a church in a theological understanding, because every member is independent with its own theological and formal organisation. It serves as a legal umbrella before the federal government and represents the church in international relations.
Except for the Evangelical-Methodist Church, which covers all of Switzerland, the member churches are restricted to a certain territory.

The president of the PCS is Rita Famos.
Good-Reilly House
The Good-Reilly House is a historic home located at Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It is located at the northeast corner of the town square and is a 1+1⁄2-story stone house with combined Maryland colonial and Georgian stylistic influence. The house likely dates from the 1760s, and features flush stone chimneys on each gable end.

The Good-Reilly House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Washington County, Maryland
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. The population was 154,705 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat and largest city is Hagerstown. The county is part of the Western Maryland region of the state.

Washington County was the first county in the United States to be named for the Revolutionary War general (and later President) George Washington. Washington County is one of three Maryland counties recognized by the Appalachian Regional Commission as being part of Appalachia. The county borders southern Pennsylvania to the north, Northern Virginia to the south, and the Martinsburg Panhandle of West Virginia to the south and west. Washington County is included in the Hagerstown metropolitan area, which is also included in the Washington metropolitan area.
Bruce Nunatak
Bruce Nunatak (65°5′S 60°15′W﻿ / ﻿65.083°S 60.250°W﻿ / -65.083; -60.250) is a nunatak which lies 2 nautical miles (4 km) west of Donald Nunatak in the Seal Nunataks group, off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was first charted in 1902 by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld, who named it for Dr. William S. Bruce, the leader of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–04.

Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1903 was a scientific expedition led by Otto Nordenskjöld and Carl Anton Larsen. It was the first Swedish endeavour to Antarctica in the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
Enchanted Rock State Natural Area
Enchanted Rock State Natural Area is a 5,388 acres (2,180 ha) nature reserve in Gillespie and Llano counties, Texas, United States. It opened in 1984 and is managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). Enchanted Rock, a 425-foot-high pink granite batholith, is the main feature of the park.

Gillespie County, Texas
Gillespie County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. Gillespie county is prominent in the Texas German belt region, a region settled by German emigrants in the 1800s.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 26,725. 
Gillespie County comprises the Fredericksburg, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county seat is Fredericksburg. It is located in the heart of the rural Texas Hill Country in Central Texas. Gillespie is named for Robert Addison Gillespie, a soldier in the Mexican–American War.

On December 15, 1847, a petition was submitted to create Gillespie County. In 1848, the legislature formed Gillespie County from Bexar and Travis Counties. The signers were overwhelmingly German immigrants.

President of the United States of America Lyndon B. Johnson was born in the county's unincorporated community of Stonewall, and where he later maintained his ranch.
Boo FK
Boo FK is a Swedish football team from Nacka, Stockholm founded in 2011. They play their matches at Boovallen.

The original Nacka FF was founded in 1990 and went bankrupt in 2001. The current Nacka FF was created from Boo FF and Hammarby TFF in December 2011.

In 2016 the team changed the name from Nacka FF to Boo FK, to strengthen the connection to Boo FF and the youth teams in the club.

Hammarby Talang FF
Hammarby Talang FF, more commonly known as Hammarby TFF or HTFF for short, is a Swedish football club from Stockholm. Originally founded in 2003, the club was dissolved in 2011 before being re-incorporated in 2016 and again in 2021.

Competing in Ettan, the domestic third tier, it is the feeder team of Hammarby IF in Allsvenskan and is focused on providing experience and training for young players.

The club holds home matches at the stadium Hammarby IP in the district of Södermalm, accommodating 3,700 spectators.

Its colours are black and yellow, as an homage to its latest predecessor, IK Frej. The same colours are worn by HTFF's parent club,  Hammarby IF, as an alternative jersey.

Hammarby Talang FF is affiliated with the Stockholms Fotbollförbund (Stockholm Football Association).
28th Canadian Parliament
The 28th Canadian Parliament was in session from September 12, 1968, until September 1, 1972. The membership was set by the 1968 federal election on June 25, 1968, and it changed only slightly due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1972 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the 20th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party led by Robert Stanfield.

The Speaker was Lucien Lamoureux. See also List of Canadian electoral districts (1966–1976) for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were four sessions of the 28th Parliament:

Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)
The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), a speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over the House of Commons of Canada is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system.

The 40th speaker of the House of Commons is Francis Scarpaleggia, who assumed the role on May 26, 2025. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days.