hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrondissement of Belley
The arrondissement of Belley is an arrondissement of France in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has 103 communes. Its population is 124,868 (2021), and its area is 1,584.2 km2 (611.7 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Storuman Municipality
Storuman Municipality (Swedish: Storumans kommun; Southern Sami: Luspie tjïelte; Ume Sami: Lusspie kommuvnna) is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Storuman.

The parish Stensele was created as late as 1822. It was, together with the parish Tärna, made into a municipality in 1863. In 1903 Tärna was detached to form a municipality of its own. The local government reform of 1971 saw the reunification of Stensele and Tärnaby municipalities, thus forming Storuman Municipality with the name taken from its largest town.

Tärnaby, a small village in the municipality, has fostered the internationally famous alpine skiers Ingemar Stenmark, Stig Strand and Anja Pärson.

Stig Strand
Stig Strand (born 25 August 1956) is a Swedish former alpine skier and a sports commentator on alpine skiing. He is known for being sports commentator for SVT during many years after his career, and a few years on Eurosport, but ended TV commenting in 2016. He has also worked as a political advisor for the Swedish Social Democratic Party, and as a hotel owner.

Although successful, he was during his active years always in the shadow of his childhood neighbour Ingemar Stenmark. However, in the 1982–83 season, Strand also had 110 points like Stenmark in the slalom World Cup.
Japanese missions to Silla
Japanese missions to Silla represent an aspect of the international relations of mutual Silla-Japanese contacts and communication.  The bilateral exchanges were intermittent.

The unique nature of these bilateral diplomatic exchanges evolved from a conceptual framework developed by the Chinese.

648 — At the request of Japanese government, the Silla ambassador in China delivers a Japanese letter to the court of the Tang emperor; the message conveyed a message wishing good health to the emperor.

804 — Mine no Masatao sent with letters from Japanese Council of State.

836 — Ki no Mitsu with letter from Council of State.

According to the Nihon Shoki, in the years 501-700 Japan sent 328 official missions to Paekche, 316 to Silla, 146 to Goguryeo, 193 to Imna (Mimana), 20 to Gaya, 20 to Tamna, and 5 to Samhan kingdoms. Exchanges of embassies with the Korean kingdoms of Paekche and Silla were critical for informing the Japanese of cultural developments on the continent.

Samhan
Samhan, or Three Hans (Korean: 삼한; Hanja: 三韓), is the collective name of the three confederacies: Byeonhan, Jinhan, and Mahan that emerged in the first century BCE during the Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea, or Samhan, period. Located in the central and southern regions of the Korean Peninsula, the Samhan confederacies eventually merged and developed into the Paekche, Silla kingdoms and Kaya confederacy. The name "Samhan" also refers to the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
Ferret coronavirus
The ferret coronavirus is a coronavirus which infects ferrets and is a strain of the species Alphacoronavirus neovisontis. The first cases in ferrets were detected in March 1993 in the east coast of the United States. It was previously known as Green Slime Disease. The illness is highly contagious among ferrets, has a short incubation period, and has a mortality rate of about 5 percent. Symptoms include diarrhea and intestinal damage. Less pronounced symptoms are bloody stools, dehydration, lethargy, weight loss, and weakness.

The reason that this disease is sometimes referred to as Green Slime Disease is that Green Slime Disease causes stool to turn dark green and fluorescent.

There are two types of ferret coronavirus. These are ferret enteric coronavirus and ferret systemic coronavirus.

Lethargy
Lethargy is a state of tiredness, sleepiness, weariness, fatigue, sluggishness, or lack of energy. It can be accompanied by depression, decreased motivation, or apathy. Lethargy can be a normal response to inadequate sleep, overexertion, overworking, stress, lack of exercise, improper nutrition, drug abuse, boredom, or a symptom of an underlying illness or disorder. It may also be a side effect of medication or caused by an interaction between medications and alcohol. It may also be an altered level of consciousness.

When part of a normal response, lethargy often resolves with rest, adequate sleep, decreased stress, physical exercise, and good nutrition. Its symptoms, however, can last days or even months, so it can be a sign of a recent underlying illness or infection if it does not resolve normally.
Programming language theory
Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of formal languages known as programming languages. Programming language theory is closely related to other fields including linguistics, mathematics, and software engineering.

Axiomatic semantics
Axiomatic semantics is an approach based on mathematical logic for proving the correctness of computer programs. It is closely related to Hoare logic.

Axiomatic semantics define the meaning of a command in a program by describing its effect on assertions about the program state. The assertions are logical statements—predicates with variables, where the variables define the state of the program.
TVW (Washington)
TVW is Washington State's public affairs network, providing gavel-to-gavel coverage of Washington State Legislature sessions, as well as arguments before the Washington Supreme Court, and other public affairs events. It is available via cable throughout the state, and is widely considered the model state-level equivalent of C-SPAN.

TVW was founded in 1993 by Stan Marshburn and politician Denny Heck. The latter would serve as host of the program Inside Olympia until 2003.

In 2017, TVW partnered with Central Washington University to add live and recorded "world-class speakers and cultural events" to its programming.

Central Washington University
Central Washington University (CWU) is a public university in Ellensburg, Washington, United States.

Founded in 1891, the university consists of four divisions: the President's Division, Business and Financial Affairs, Operations, and Academic and Student Life (ASL). Within ASL are four colleges: the College of Arts and Humanities, the College of Business (Ellensburg campus and University Centers in the Puget Sound and central regions), the College of Education and Professional Studies, and College of the Sciences. CWU is considered an emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution and 15 percent of its students are Hispanic.
Otaki (1875 ship)
The Otaki was a sailing ship of the New Zealand Shipping Company. It was built in 1875 by Palmers at Jarrow-on-Tyne, England.

She made 15 voyages out and home altogether, and, with the exception of three passages outwards, she never exceeded 100 days. Her runs to Auckland (three) were all under the average.

She once made a run from Port Chalmers to London in 1877, taking only 63 days to make the trip.

The Otaki "was a fast sailer, but generally was unfortunate with the weather".

Jarrow
Jarrow (/ˈdʒæroʊ/ or /ˈdʒærə/) is a town in South Tyneside in the county of Tyne and Wear, England. Historically in County Durham, it is on the south bank of the River Tyne, about three miles (five kilometres) from the east coast. It is home to the southern portal of the Tyne Tunnel and five miles (eight kilometres) east of Newcastle upon Tyne. At the 2021 census the Jarrow built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 29,470.

In the eighth century, St Paul's Monastery in Jarrow (now Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey) was the home of the Venerable Bede, who is regarded as the greatest Anglo-Saxon scholar and the father of English history. The town is part of the historic County Palatine of Durham. From the middle of the 19th century until 1935, Jarrow was a centre for shipbuilding, and was the starting point of the Jarrow March against unemployment in 1936.
Hirayama disease
Hirayama disease, also known as monomelic amyotrophy (MMA), is a rare motor neuron disease first described in 1959 in Japan.  Its symptoms usually appear about two years after adolescent growth spurt and is significantly more common in males, with an average age of onset between 15 and 25 years.  Hirayama disease is reported most frequently in Asia but has a global distribution.  It is typically marked by insidious onset of muscle atrophy of an upper limb, which plateaus after two to five years from which it neither improves nor worsens. There is no pain or sensory loss.  It is not believed to be hereditary.

Both the names for the disorder and its possible causes have been evolving since first reported in 1959. It is most commonly believed the condition occurs by asymmetrical compression of the cervical spinal column by the cervical dural sac, especially when the neck is flexed.  However, the disease is uncommon and diagnosis is confused by several atypical reports.

Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents. Through heredity, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.
Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon
Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.

Dharmaraja College
Dharmaraja College (Sinhala: ධර්මරාජ  විද්‍යාලය), founded in 1887, is a boys' school in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is a Buddhist school with around 300+ teaching staff and over 4,000 students.

A land area of 220,000 square metres (54 acres) is owned by the school spreading over half of the Dharmaraja hill. Dharmaraja has one of the oldest scout troops in the world, the 1st Kandy Dharmaraja Scout Group, which was established in 1913. It is one of the first Sri Lankan schools to start playing cricket. It has consistently ranked among the first two boys schools in Sri Lanka in the preference rankings based on year 5 scholarship examinees' preferences.
Statistical Modelling
Statistical Modelling is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering statistical modelling. It is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Statistical Modelling Society. The editors-in-chief are Vicente Núñez-Antón (University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU), Andreas Mayr  (University of Marburg), and Francesco Bartolucci (University of Perugia).

Marburg University
Marburg University (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg) is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protestant university in the world. It is now a public university of the state of Hesse, without religious affiliation.

Marburg University has 21,162 students (2024/25) and is located in Marburg. It offers an International summer university programme and offers student exchanges through the Erasmus programme.
2021 Japan Championships in Athletics
The 105th Japan Championships in Athletics (第105回日本陸上競技選手権大会, Dai 105 kai Nihon Rikujō Kyōgi Sensyuken Taikai) was held at Nagai Stadium in Osaka. Organised by JAAF, the four-day competition took place from 24-27 June and served as the national championships in track and field for the Japan. The competition intended also to serve as the qualifying trial for Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Nagai Stadium
Nagai Stadium (大阪市 長居陸上競技場, Ōsaka-shi Nagai Rikujō Kyōgijō), a.k.a. the Yanmar Stadium Nagai (ヤンマースタジアム長居, Yanmā Sutajiamu Nagai) for sponsorship reasons, is a stadium in Osaka, Japan. It is the home ground of J. League club Cerezo Osaka. The stadium has a seating capacity of 47,853. The rugby union club NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes Osaka use the venue for most of their home games.
Afraad Movement
Afraad (The Fourth Brigade) (Somali: Afraad, Arabic: افراد), Also known as Soldiers of Mohamed Ali (Somali: Watatir Maxamed Cali), or The Army of the Islamic Religion (Somali: Jabhadda Ciidanka diinta Islaamka) was one of the major units of the Western Somali Liberation Front and later an Isaaq militant group, aimed at protecting the Isaaq civilians in the Haud area. It was composed of officers originating from Somaliland. Afraad's initial objective was to liberate Somalis living in Somali Region of Ethiopia, but its focus later shifted due to increasing abuses against the north Somali civilian population perpetrated by WSLF. Killing, looting and rape of civilians by WSLF was common from 1978 onwards. This abuse was due to the Somali state employing the Ogadeni subsection of WSLF as a subsidiary militia that would be used to maintain control over the northern regions of Somalia.

Isaaq
The Isaaq (Somali: Reer Sheekh Isxaaq) is a major Somali clan. It is one of the largest Somali clan families in the Horn of Africa, with a large and densely populated traditional territory. 
The Isaaq people claim in a traditional legend to have descended from Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed, an Islamic scholar who purportedly traveled to Somaliland in the 12th or 13th century and married two women; one from the local Dir clan. He is said to have sired eight sons who are the common ancestors of the clans of the Isaaq clan-family. He remained in Maydh until his death.
2025–26 Mizoram Premier League
The 2025–26 Mizoram Premier League was the twelfth season of the Mizoram Premier League, the top-division football league in the Indian state of Mizoram. The league began on 21 August 2025 with eight teams competing. Mizoram Police are the current defending champions.

Aizawl FC won Mizoram Premier League 11 by beating Mizoram Police in the finals. However, the tournament was beset by spot-fixing allegations leading the Mizoram Football Association to ban three clubs. Sihphir Venghlun, Ramhlun Atletico and FC Bethlehem all received three year bans.

Mizoram Premier League
The Mizoram Premier League (also known as GIG MOTORS Mizoram Premier League for sponsorship reasons) is the highest state-level football league in Mizoram, India. On a national scale, it is the 5th tier of Indian football league system. The competition is conducted by the Mizoram Football Association, the official football body of Mizoram, with Tetea Hmar as its secretary and key promoter. The league started on 24 October 2012 for the first time.
2017 WTA Finals
The 2017 WTA Finals was a women's tennis tournament held in Kallang, Singapore. It was the 47th edition of the singles event and the 42nd edition of the doubles competition. The tournament was contested by eight singles players and eight doubles teams. The tournament was contested by eight singles players and eight doubles teams. The tournament was the year-end final of the 2017 WTA Tour. It was the final professional tournament for top-ranked doubles player and former top-ranked singles player Martina Hingis. Sixth-seeded Caroline Wozniacki won the singles title.

Jeļena Ostapenko
Jeļena "Aļona" Ostapenko (born 8 June 1997) is a Latvian professional tennis player. She has been ranked by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) as high as world No. 5 in singles, which she achieved on 19 March 2018, and No. 3 in doubles, attained on 14 July 2025. She is the current No. 1 singles player from Latvia, on both categories.

Ostapenko has won nine WTA Tour-level singles and twelve doubles titles, including a singles major at the 2017 French Open and a doubles major at the 2024 US Open, partnering Lyudmyla Kichenok. She has also won 15 singles titles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit, and the junior singles event at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. She is a member of the Latvia Billie Jean King Cup team.
Commission v Germany (C-112/05)
Commission v Germany (2007) C-112/05 is an EU law case, relevant for UK enterprise law, concerning European company law. Following a trend in cases such as Commission v United Kingdom, and Commission v Netherlands, it struck down public oversight, through golden shares of Volkswagen by the German state of Lower Saxony. Soon afterwards, the management practices leading to the Volkswagen emissions scandal began.

European company law
European company law is the part of European Union law which concerns the formation, operation and insolvency of companies (or corporations) in the European Union. The EU creates minimum standards for companies throughout the EU, and has its own corporate forms. All member states continue to operate separate companies acts, which are amended from time to time to comply with EU Directives and Regulations. There is, however, also the option of businesses to incorporate as a Societas Europaea (SE), which allows a company to operate across all member states.
Eva Perales
Eva Perales (born 1973) is a Spanish TV personality. She is a music manager and headhunter, and also organises many live festivals and musical events, both in Spain and overseas. In 2007 and 2008, she was a judge on Factor X, the Spanish version of The X Factor. In 2011, she was also a judge on the eight season of Operación Triunfo.

Recruitment
Recruitment is the overall process of identifying, sourcing, screening, shortlisting, interviewing, and hiring candidates for jobs (either permanent or temporary) within an organization. Recruitment also is the process involved in choosing people for unpaid roles. Managers, human resource generalists, and recruitment specialists may be tasked with carrying out recruitment, but in some cases, public-sector employment, commercial [recruitment agencies], or specialist search consultancies such as Executive search in the case of more senior roles, are used to undertake parts of the process. Internet-based recruitment is now widespread, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI).
Turboatom
Ukrainian Energy Machines Joint Stock Company "Turboatom", commonly known as just Turboatom (Ukrainian: Турбоатом), is a state enterprise responsible for power engineering in Ukraine. The company specializes in the production and maintenance of steam and other turbines for thermal power stations; nuclear power plants and cogeneration plants; hydraulic turbines for hydroelectric power stations and pumped storage power plants; gas turbines and combined cycle turbines for thermal power plants; and other power equipment.

Turboatom is among the top ten turbine construction companies in the world, amongst other major companies such as General Electric, Siemens, Alstom, JSC Power Machines, Andritz Hydro, and Voith.

Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. Power engineering draws the majority of its theoretical base from electrical engineering and mechanical engineering.
DJI Air
The DJI Air, originally marketed as the DJI Mavic Air, is a series of teleoperated compact quadcopter drones for personal and commercial aerial photography and videography use, released by the Chinese technology company DJI.  It was developed as a more portable version of the DJI Mavic.  A licensed version is produced in Malaysia by Cogito Tech as the Specta Air.

Teleoperation
Teleoperation (or remote operation) indicates operation of a system or machine at a distance.  It is similar in meaning to the phrase "remote control" but is usually encountered in research, academia and technology.  It is most commonly associated with robotics and mobile robots but can be applied to a whole range of circumstances in which a device or machine is operated by a person from a distance.

Teleoperation can be considered a human-machine system. For example,  ArduPilot provides a spectrum of autonomy ranging from manual control to full autopilot for autonomous vehicles.

The term teleoperation is in use in research and technical communities as a standard term for referring to operation at a distance.  This is as opposed to telepresence which is a less standard term and might refer to a whole range of existence or interaction that include a remote connotation.
Enis Bytyqi
Enis Bytyqi (born 18 February 1997) is a Kosovan professional footballer who plays as a forward for 1. FC Magdeburg II. Having made four appearances for the Germany U18 team, he represented Kosovo at U21 level.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
State Highway 19 (Madhya Pradesh)
Madhya Pradesh State Highway 19 (MP SH 19) is a 651.7 kilometres (404.9 mi) long State Highway running from Porsa town near MP-UP border via Mehgaon, Datia, Narwar, Sultanpur, Bareli, Piparia, Matkuli, Tamia, Parasia and terminates at Chhindwara city.
It is an important highway which connects important towns of Northern Madhya Pradesh and Southern Madhya Pradesh.

A branch of this highway named MP SH 19A goes to Pachmarhi from Matkuli, which is 29 kilometres (18 mi) long.

Chhindwara
Chhindwara is a city and Municipal Corporation in Chhindwara district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The city is the administrative headquarters of Chhindwara District. Chhindwara is reachable by rail or road from adjacent cities Betul, Jabalpur and Nagpur. The nearest airport is in Nagpur, although there is a small airport located in the district which is not serviceable for passenger planes.