hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TED University
TED University is a private, non-profit university located in Ankara, Turkey. Established by the Turkish Education Association Higher Education Foundation on July 7, 2009, it began offering education in the 2012–2013 academic year with an initial cohort of 320 students. The university conducts its programs in English and is the second institution in Turkey to adopt a liberal arts-style education model, following Sabancı University. In 2021, it was one of three foundation universities in Turkey accredited by the Higher Education Quality Board, alongside Koç University and Bilkent University.

Turkish Education Association
The Turkish Education Association (Turkish: Türk Eğitim Derneği or TED) is an educational association in Turkey. It was established in Turkey on January 1, 1928, during the rule of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The organization acquired the status of an association for public benefit in the resolution of the Council of Ministers on December 12, 1939.

The association, which has been operating under the name Turkish Education Association since 1946, currently has 43 schools that are active and provide education as of 2023. The first educational institution opened by the Turkish Education Association is the school established in 1931, which continues its education today under the name TED Ankara College Foundation Schools.
Handrich
Handrich is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Alvin A. Handrich (1892–1981), American farmer, businessman, and politician

Melvin O. Handrich (1919–1950), American World War II and Korean War veteran

Uwe Handrich (born 1959), East German luger

Dia Handrich also known as Dia Mirza, a German-Indian actress

Melvin O. Handrich
Melvin Oscar Handrich (January 26, 1919 – August 26, 1950) was a soldier in the United States Army during both World War II and the Korean War. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on August 25 and 26, 1950, during the Battle of Battle Mountain, part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter. He is buried at Little Wolf Cemetery in Manawa, Waupaca County, Wisconsin.
Kellogg Creek
Kellogg Creek is a tributary, about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) long, of the Willamette River in the Portland metropolitan area of the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins near Lake Lenore in Johnson City and flows northwest to meet the river at Milwaukie. Kellogg Creek is joined about midway along its course by Mount Scott Creek, its major tributary, which enters the main stem near North Clackamas Central Park.

Mount Scott Creek and its tributaries, Phillips and Dean creeks, drain the western flanks of Mount Scott. Kellogg Creek empties into the Willamette River slightly upstream of the mouth of Johnson Creek. This is about 18.5 miles (29.8 km) above the Willamette's confluence with the Columbia River, which in turn flows about another 100 miles (160 km) to the Pacific Ocean at Astoria.

Mount Scott (Clackamas County, Oregon)
Mount Scott is a volcanic cinder cone with its summit in Clackamas County, Oregon. The summit rises to an elevation of 1,091 feet (333 m). It is part of the Boring Lava Field, a zone of ancient volcanic activity in the area around Portland, and was named for Harvey W. Scott, a 19th and 20th century editor of The Oregonian newspaper. who owned 335 acres (136 ha) on the north and west slopes of the hill.

Mt. Scott was home to a "perpetual" cross burning by Oregon's Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s. Automotive parades of hooded Klan members were common in Southeast Portland.

The mountain is developed, with most of its southern flank within the city of Happy Valley, Oregon. The Willamette National Cemetery is located on the northeastern slope of the mountain, which is partially in Multnomah County.
Pier Miranda Ferraro
Pier Miranda Ferraro (30 October 1924 – 18 January 2008) was an Italian operatic tenor who had an active international opera career from 1951 through 1981. He particularly excelled in the dramatic Italian repertoire, with his signature role being the title role in Giuseppe Verdi's opera Otello. Other important roles in his performance repertoire included Radames in Verdi's Aida, Alvaro in La Forza del Destino, and des Grieux in Giacomo Puccini's Manon Lescaut. He also found success in the German repertoire portraying Wagnerian heroes. Although he was a gifted singer and had a highly impressive list of performance credits, he never achieved the international recognition enjoyed by his most important contemporaries, such as Franco Corelli or Mario Del Monaco. After retiring from the opera stage in 1981, he took up a second highly successful career as a voice teacher.

Manon Lescaut (Puccini)
Manon Lescaut (Italian: [maˈnɔn leˈsko]) is an Italian-language opera in four acts composed by Giacomo Puccini between 1889 and 1892 to a libretto by Luigi Illica, Giuseppe Giacosa, Marco Praga and Domenico Oliva, based on the 1731 novel Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux, et de Manon Lescaut by Abbé Prévost. The opera was first performed  in 1893 in Turin, at the Teatro Regio.
Dempsey Wilson
Dempsey Cothrien Wilson (March 11, 1927 – April 23, 1971) was an American racecar driver.

Wilson was born in Los Angeles, California. He began his racing career on Southern California short tracks, racing roadsters, then midgets and stock cars. He drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1956, 1958–1965, and 1968–1969 seasons with 32 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in 1958, 1960, 1961, and 1963. He finished in the top-ten four times, with his best finish in eighth position in 1960 at Milwaukee. Outside of racing, Wilson owned a business called "Dempsey Wilson Racing Cams," which refurbished camshafts. He died in Duarte, California, at City of Hope after a long battle with mesothelioma.

Camshaft
A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), mechanically controlled ignition systems and early electric motor speed controllers.

Camshafts in piston engines are usually made from steel or cast iron, and the shape of the cams greatly affects the engine's characteristics.
Roy Ackerman
Roy Kenneth Ackerman CBE (22 February 1942 – 16 May 2017) was an English restaurateur who owned the Gay Hussar and L'Etoile restaurants and published the Ackerman Guides and Egon Ronay restaurant guides.

Egon Ronay
Egon Miklos Ronay (24 July 1915 – 12 June 2010) was a Hungarian-born food critic who wrote and published a series of guides to British and Irish restaurants and hotels in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. His guidebooks are credited with raising the quality of British cooking offered in public eating places. He also championed foreign cuisine to British diners.
Nicholas Snell (died 1577)
Nicholas Snell (by 1515 - 1577), of Kington St Michael, Wiltshire, was an English landowner and politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Chippenham in 1555, 1559 and 1563; for Wiltshire in 1558; and Malmesbury in 1571 and 1572.

Snell and/or his father, Richard, were employed by the last abbot of Glastonbury. In 1544, Snell bought from the Crown the manor of Kington St Michael, Wiltshire, which had formerly been a grange of the abbey, and he went on to own considerable areas of land in Wiltshire. He was appointed JP in 1554, and around the same time became the steward of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke. He was High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1565.

By 1537 he had married Alice, daughter of John Pye, and they had three sons – including John (c.1537–1587), also High Sheriff and briefly an MP – and five daughters. His second marriage was to Mary, daughter of William Clevelood.

Snell died on 31 March 1577.

William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570)
William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke, 1st Baron Herbert of Cardiff KG PC (c. 1501 – 17 March 1570) was a Welsh Tudor period nobleman, politician, and courtier.

Herbert was the son of Sir Richard Herbert and Margaret Cradock. His father was an illegitimate son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke of the eighth creation (1468), by his mistress, Maud, daughter of Adam ap Howell Graunt.
Paul Smiths, New York
Paul Smiths is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Brighton in Franklin County, New York, United States. It is located on Lower Saint Regis Lake in the Adirondacks, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Saranac Lake, located at 44°26' North 74°15' West. The population of the CDP was 671 at the 2010 census.

Lower St. Regis Lake
Lower St. Regis Lake is a part of the St. Regis River in the Adirondacks in northern New York State. At its northern edge is Paul Smith's College, former site of Paul Smith's Hotel. Along with Upper St. Regis Lake and Spitfire Lake, it became famous in the late 19th century as a summer playground of America's power elite, drawn to the area by its scenery and by the rustic charms of Paul Smith's Hotel. It is the site of St. John's in the Wilderness, a small chapel originally built of logs, that was formerly attended by the families of shoreline property owners that arrived in canoes, rowboats and sailboats.

Paul Smith's College maintains several lean-tos on the lake. The college is the start of the famous Seven Carries canoe route.

The lake lies in the town of Brighton.
Chi Scorpii
Chi Scorpii, Latinized from χ Scorpii, is a single star in the zodiac constellation of Scorpius. It has an orange hue and can be faintly seen with the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.24. Based upon parallax measurements, this star is around 448 light years from the Sun. The star is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −23.6 km/s.

This is an aging K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K3 III, which means it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core. There is a 57% chance that this evolved star is on the horizontal branch and a 43% chance it is still on the red-giant branch. If it is on the former, the star is estimated to have 1.09 times the mass of the Sun, nearly 27 times the solar radius and shines with 191 times the Sun's luminosity. It is around 8 billion years old.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red-giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's. Horizontal-branch stars are powered by helium fusion in the core (via the triple-alpha process) and by hydrogen fusion (via the CNO cycle) in a shell surrounding the core. The onset of core helium fusion at the tip of the red-giant branch causes substantial changes in stellar structure, resulting in an overall reduction in luminosity, some contraction of the stellar envelope, and the surface reaching higher temperatures.
George Bruce (poet)
George Bruce OBE (10 March 1909 – 25 July 2002)  was a Scottish poet and radio journalist.

He was educated at Fraserburgh Academy and Aberdeen University and later taught at the High School of Dundee, commuting across the Tay from Wormit in Fife.

He was a BBC producer at Aberdeen (1946-1956) and Edinburgh (1956-1970). He co-produced the radio programmes Scottish Art and Letters and Arts Review. Later he was fellow in creative writing at Glasgow University (1971–73) and visiting professor in US and Australia. In 1975-1976 he was the executive editor of The Scottish Review.

In 1984 he was awarded OBE. His book Pursuit won the Saltire Society award (1999) for Scottish Book of the Year. His portrait (oil on panel, by Colin Dunbar, 1969) is in the collection of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.

Wormit
Wormit is a village on the south shore of the Firth of Tay in north-east Fife, Scotland. It is located at the southern end of the Tay Rail Bridge and together with Woodhaven and Newport-on-Tay, Wormit is a part of The Burgh of Newport-on-Tay. The name of the village is thought to be derived from the plant wormwood.
Pradhania
Pradhania (named after Dhuiya Pradhan, a fossil collector at the Indian Statistical Institute) is a genus of massospondylid sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Sinemurian-age (Early Jurassic) Upper Dharmaram Formation of India. It was first named by T. S. Kutty, Sankar Chatterjee, Peter M. Galton and Paul Upchurch in 2007 and the type species is Pradhania gracilis. It was a sauropodomorph of modest size, only about four meters (13 ft) long, and is known from fragmentary remains. It was originally regarded as a basal sauropodomorph but new cladistic analysis performed by Novas et al., 2011 suggests that Pradhania is a massospondylid. Pradhania presents two synapomorphies of Massospondylidae recovered in their phylogenetic analysis.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Stepanyan
Stepanyan (also commonly spelled Stepanian) (Armenian: Ստեփանյան) is an Armenian surname, derived from Stepan (Armenian: Ստեփան), the Armenian equivalent of Stephen, and could refer to any of the following people:

Aramazd Stepanian

Arthur Stepanyan (born 1987), Armenian footballer

Kalin Stepanyan (born 1955), Russian football coach

Leo Stepanyan (1931–2002), Soviet and Armenian ornithologist

Levon Stepanyan (born 1971), Armenian footballer

Nelly Ben Hayoun-Stépanian

Nelson Stepanyan (1913–1944), Soviet pilot

Stepan Stepanian

Stephen Stepanian

Vahe Stepanyan (born 1948), Armenian lawyer

Vardan Stepanyan (1966–1992), Armenian military commander

Stephen Stepanian
Stephen Stepanian (February 28, 1882 – October 1964) (Armenian: Ստեփան Ստեփանեան) was an Armenian American inventor and owner of numerous patents including the Elevator and Conveyor, Compound Tool, and the Wrench. He is also accredited as the inventor of a self-discharging motorized transit mixer that was the predecessor of the concrete mixer truck. Stepanian is often called the "father of the ready-mix concrete industry."
Swan Hill Regional Art Gallery
Swan Hill Regional Art Gallery is a public art gallery in the regional Victorian city of Swan Hill.

Swan Hill Regional Art Gallery is a public gallery, established in 1966. It opened in its current building, designed by Australian architect Ian Douglas, in 1987. In 2013, expansion plans were announced, including a proposed increase in teaching workshop space.

Artists whose work is held by the gallery include Constance Stokes, John Brack, Ray Crooke, Pro Hart, Kenneth Jack, Mary Macqueen, Sidney Nolan, Andrew Sibley, Ernest Trova and a number of local artists.

The gallery is a member of the Public Galleries Association of Victoria.

Kenneth Jack
Kenneth William David Jack AM MBE RWS, (5 October 1924 – 10 June 2006) was an Australian watercolour artist who specialised in painting the images of an almost forgotten outback life: old mine workings, ghost towns, decaying farm buildings.
Len (band)
Len is a Canadian alternative rock duo based in Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of siblings Marc Costanzo (vocals, guitar) and Sharon Costanzo (vocals, bass) and a revolving lineup of touring and studio musicians. The group is best known for their 1999 single "Steal My Sunshine".

Duet
A duet (Italian: duo or duetto) is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is a "piano duet" or "piano four hands". A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is a "piano duo".

"Duet" is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet.

A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called a trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.
Elgeseter Line
The Elgeseter Line (Norwegian: Elgeseterlinjen) was a tramway line in Trondheim Tramway between Trondheim Torg and Elgeseter. The tram line was built in 1913, expanded in 1923 and abandoned in 1983. It was used by Line 2 operated by Trondheim Sporvei, later Trondheim Trafikkselskap, though part of the line was used by Singsaker Line.

Trondheim Trafikkselskap
Trondheim Trafikkselskap or TT was the city public transport company for Trondheim, Norway between 1974 and 2001. It operated both the city buses, and the Trondheim Tramway until 1988. The company was owned by the city council.

TT was founded in 1972 as a merger between the municipal-owned tramway companies Trondheim Sporvei and Graakalbanen, and the bus company Bynesruten. In 1974, the company was reorganized as a municipal agency, and also took over the private bus operator Trondheim Bilruter, along with the city bus lines of Klæburuten and NSB Bilruter. In 2001, the company merged with Hemne og Orkladal Billag to create Team Trafikk, that was later sold to Nettbuss.
1991 Zambian general election
General elections were held in Zambia on 31 October 1991 to elect a President and National Assembly. They were the first multi-party elections since 1968, and only the second multi-party elections since independence in 1964. The United National Independence Party (UNIP), which had led the country since independence (from 1973 to 1990 as the sole legal party), was comprehensively beaten by the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD). Kenneth Kaunda, who had been president since independence, was defeated in a landslide by MMD challenger Frederick Chiluba in the presidential elections, whilst the MMD won 125 of the 150 elected seats in the expanded National Assembly. Voter turnout was 45%.

National Assembly of Zambia
The National Assembly is Zambia's unicameral legislative body. Between 1972 and 1990, Zambia was a one-party state with the United National Independence Party (UNIP) as the sole legal party.

The current National Assembly, formed following elections held in 2021, has a total of 166 members. 156 members are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple plurality (or first-past-the-post) system. Eight additional seats are filled through presidential appointment. The Speaker, first deputy speaker and the Vice President are also granted a seat in the assembly.
2001 Italian Open – Women's doubles
2001 Italian Open women's doubles took place May 14–20, 2001.

Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs were the reigning champions. They did not defend their title.

Cara Black and Elena Likhovtseva won in the final 6–1, 6–1 against Paola Suárez and Patricia Tarabini.

Cara Black
Cara Cavell Black (born 17 February 1979) is a Zimbabwean former professional tennis player. Black was primarily a doubles specialist, winning 60 WTA Tour and 11 ITF doubles titles. A former doubles world No. 1, she won ten major titles. By winning the 2010 Australian Open mixed doubles title, Black became the third woman in the Open Era to complete the career Grand Slam in mixed doubles (after Martina Navratilova and Daniela Hantuchová). Having also won one singles title on the WTA Tour, Black peaked at world No. 31 in the singles rankings in March 1999.
144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
The 144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (144 RAC) was an armoured regiment of the British Army. Originally raised during World War II as a battalion of the East Lancashire Regiment it was later transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps. It fought in the campaign in North-West Europe, from June 1944 to May 1945.

I Corps (United Kingdom)
I Corps ("First Corps") was an army corps in existence as an active formation in the British Army for most of the 80 years from its creation in the First World War until the end of the Cold War, longer than any other corps. It had a short-lived precursor during the Waterloo Campaign. It served as the operational component of the British Army of the Rhine (part of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG)) during the Cold War, and was tasked with defending West Germany.
Nada Kalasi
Nada Kalasi is a tiny village in Sagara Taluk in Shimoga district, Karnataka, India. In the 13th century it was the capital of Kalise Nadu, a principality. There are two 13th-century stone temples in the village.

Shimoga district
Shimoga district, officially known as Shivamogga district, is a district in the Karnataka state of India. A major part of Shimoga district lies in the Malnad region or the Sahyadri. Shimoga city is its administrative centre. As of 2011 Shimoga district has a population of 17,52,753. There are seven taluks: Soraba, Sagara, Hosanagar, Shimoga, Shikaripura, Thirthahalli, and Bhadravathi. Channagiri and Honnali were part of Shimoga district until 1997 when they became part of the newly formed Davanagere district.
Bindiya Sarkar
Bindiya Sarkar (transl. Bindhya Government) is an Indian political romantic dramatic television series produced by Jay Mehta under the banner of Jay Mehta Productions. This show was premiered on 25 July 2022 on Dangal. And it stars Sonal Khilwani and Dhruv Bhandari in their lead roles. It ended on 25 June 2023 and it was replaced by Kaisa Hai Yeh Rishta Anjaana.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Markus Kankaanperä
Markus Kankaanperä (born April 27, 1980) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman, currently with HC Bozen-Bolzano of the Austrian IceHL. Kankaanperä was most recently a member of the Dundee Stars in the UK Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL). He was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks as their eighth-round pick, 218th overall, in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft.

HC Bozen–Bolzano
The Hockey Club Bolzano Foxes, also known as commercial name HCB Alto Adige Alperia (in Italian) or HCB Südtirol Alperia (in German) is an Italian professional ice hockey team located in the city of Bolzano, South Tyrol autonomous province, that plays in the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL). It remains the most successful team in the history of the Italian Serie A, with 19 championships.