hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beam-powered propulsion
Beam-powered propulsion, also known as directed energy propulsion, is a class of aircraft or spacecraft propulsion that uses energy beamed to the spacecraft from a remote power plant to provide energy. The beam is typically either a microwave or a laser beam, and it is either pulsed or continuous. A continuous beam lends itself to thermal rockets, photonic thrusters, and light sails. In contrast, a pulsed beam lends itself to ablative thrusters and pulse detonation engines.

The rule of thumb that is usually quoted is that it takes a megawatt of power beamed to a vehicle per kg of payload while it is being accelerated to permit it to reach low Earth orbit.

Other than launching to orbit, applications for moving around the world quickly have also been proposed.

Rectenna
A rectenna (rectifying antenna) is a special type of receiving antenna that is used for converting electromagnetic energy into direct current (DC) electricity. They are used in wireless power transmission systems that transmit power by radio waves. A simple rectenna element consists of a dipole antenna with a diode connected across the dipole elements.  The diode rectifies the AC induced in the antenna by the microwaves, to produce DC power, which powers a load connected across the diode.   Schottky diodes are usually used because they have the lowest voltage drop and highest speed and therefore have the lowest power losses due to conduction and switching. Large rectennas consist of arrays of many power receiving elements such as dipole antennas.
Club 33
Club 33 is the name of a number of private dining clubs located within Disney Parks. The first opened inside Disneyland in 1967, and was modeled after sponsor lounges at the 1964 New York World's Fair. At the time it opened, Club 33 was the only location within Disneyland that offered alcoholic beverages.

Since then, additional Club 33 locations opened at Tokyo Disneyland, at Shanghai Disneyland, and at all four theme parks at Walt Disney World Resort. Club 33 members in California also have access to the 1901 lounge inside the Carthay Circle Restaurant at California Adventure.

Dining club
A dining club (UK) or eating club (US) is a social group, typically requiring membership (which may or may not be exclusive to certain individuals), that meets for dinners and discussions on a regular basis. Some dining clubs have collegiate affiliations, such as the Bullingdon Club at Oxford University or the Princeton University Eating Clubs.
Nero Digital
Nero Digital is a brand name applied to a suite of MPEG-4-compatible video and audio compression codecs developed by Nero AG of Germany and Ateme of France. The audio codecs are integrated into the Nero Digital Audio+ audio encoding tool for Microsoft Windows, and the audio & video codecs are integrated into Nero's Recode DVD ripping software.

Nero certifies certain DVD player/recorder devices as Nero Digital compatible, and licenses the codec technology to integrated circuit manufacturers.

The video codecs were developed by Ateme, and according to an interview with Nero AG developer Ivan Dimkovic, the audio codecs are improved versions of Dimkovic's older PsyTEL AAC Encoder. The audio codec is now available as a free stand-alone package called Nero AAC Codec.

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.
Dedicated (song)
"Dedicated" is a song by American singer, songwriter, and record producer R. Kelly and his group Public Announcement from their debut collaboration album, Born into the 90's (1992). The song was written and produced by Kelly, dedicated to his mother, Joanne Kelly, who died in 1993. It was released by Jive Records in January 1993 as the fifth and last single from the album. The single was a top ten hit on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and peaked at numbers 31 and 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and Cash Box Top 100, becoming the album's best charting single on the pop chart. An accompanying music video was released in January 1993. It was Kelly's first music video to be added to regular rotation by MTV. "Dedicated" was used in the 1993 film Menace II Society.

Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles
The Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles (also known as the Cash Box Top 100) was a record chart in the United States for songs, published weekly by Cash Box magazine, which began publication in 1942. As a close competitor to Billboard magazine, it was first issued for the September 13, 1958 issue when they expanded their top 75 chart to one hundred positions. The original version of the magazine lasted through November 16, 1996. While Billboard ranked singles weekly mixing the total airplay on radio stations and singles sales from all across North America, Cash Box presented their rankings via all sales and airplay of songs without splitting up genres in order to formulate the generalized popularity of a single's overall presence. Many singles hit number one in Cash Box that didn't on Billboard and vice versa.
The Book of Fritz Leiber
The Book of Fritz Leiber is a collection of short stories and articles by American writer Fritz Leiber. It was first published in paperback in January 1974 by DAW Books. It was later gathered together with The Second Book of Fritz Leiber into the hardcover omnibus collection The Book of Fritz Leiber, Volume I & II (Gregg Press, 1980).

The book consists of ten fantasy, science fiction and horror short stories alternating with nine related articles, together with a foreword by the author. Some pieces were original to the collection. Others were originally published in the magazines Rogue for January 1963, Worlds of Tomorrow for August 1963, The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction for December 1951 and April 1963, Galaxy Science Fiction for August 1952 and February 1968, and Broadside Magazine for December 1965, and the collection The Dark Brotherhood and Other Pieces (1966).

Worlds of Tomorrow (magazine)
Worlds of Tomorrow was an American science fiction magazine published from 1963 to 1967, at which point it was merged into If. The first issue appeared in April 1963. The last issue was published in May 1967. The publishers were Barmaray Co, New York City, and then Galaxy Publishing. It briefly resumed publication from Summer 1970 to Spring 1971, producing three issues. The magazine was edited in its first period of publication by Frederik Pohl, who was editor of Galaxy Publishing Co. from 1960-1969, and by Ejler Jakobsson in the second. It has published fiction by such noted authors as Arthur C. Clarke, Larry Niven, Fritz Leiber, Philip K. Dick, Brian W. Aldiss, Jack Williamson and Philip José Farmer. Pohl stated in 1967 that the magazine showed a loss of $15,000 (equivalent to $141,452 in 2024) during its first incarnation.
Songwit Noonpakdee
Songwit Noonpakdee (Thai: ทรงวิทย์ หนุนภักดี) is a Thai military general. He served as Chief of Defence Forces, the highest-ranking officer and the overall professional head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, from 1 October 2023 to 30 September 2025. Prior to his assumption to the post, Songwit formerly served as Deputy Chief of the Defence Forces and as commander of the 1st Division, King's Guard, and the 11th King Close Bodyguard Regiment.

United States Army Command and General Staff College
The United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC or USACGSC) is a staff college for United States Army located at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The college was established in 1881 by William Tecumseh Sherman as the School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry (later simply the Infantry and Cavalry School), a training school for infantry and cavalry officers.

In 1907 it changed its title to the School of the Line. The curriculum expanded throughout World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War and continues to adapt to include lessons learned from current conflicts. It provides Professional Military Education to officers of the United States Army, as well as foreign military officers.

In addition to the main campus at Fort Leavenworth, the college has satellite campuses at Fort Belvoir, Virginia; Fort Lee, Virginia; Fort Gordon, Georgia; and Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The college also maintains a distance-learning modality for some of its instruction.
Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition
Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition are theories of second-language acquisition based on models of skill acquisition in cognitive psychology. These theories conceive of second-language acquisition as being learned in the same way as any other skill, such as learning to drive a car or play the piano. That is, they see practice as the key ingredient of language acquisition. The most well-known of these theories is based on John Anderson's adaptive control of thought model.

Practice (learning method)
Practice is the act of rehearsing a behavior repeatedly, to help learn and eventually master a skill. Sessions scheduled for the purpose of rehearsing and performance improvement are called practices. They are engaged in by sports teams, bands, individuals, etc., as in, "He went to football practice every day after school".

In British English, practice is the noun and practise is the verb, but in American English it is now common for practice to be used both as a noun and a verb (see American and British English spelling differences; this article follows American conventions).
Errew
Errew (Irish: An tOireamh) is a small rural settlement, about 8 km south from the county town of Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland.

The history of Errew follows the Franciscan monastery which was established in 1879 as a boys school which closed in 1975, the church in the monastery remained open until 1981. There are 22 Brothers buried in the Monastery cemetery.

Gilla Áedha Ua Maigín, Bishop of Cork (died 1172), is noted in the Annals of the Four Masters as "of the family of Errew of Lough Con."

Errew has a national school, and as well as a number of archaeological sites, such as forts, souterrains and fairy forts.

Fairy fort
Fairy forts (also known as lios or raths from the Irish, referring to an earthen mound) are the remains of stone circles, ringforts, hillforts, or other circular prehistoric dwellings in Ireland. From possibly the late Iron Age to early Christian times, people built circular structures with earth banks or ditches. These were sometimes topped with wooden palisades and wooden framed buildings. As the dwellings were not durable, only vague circular marks often remained in the landscape. The remains of these structures, in conjunction with the vegetation around them, are associated with local traditions and folklore, perhaps involving fairies or other supposed supernatural entities, who would "defend" the structures from destruction by builders or farmers.

As of 1991, there were between thirty and forty thousand identifiable fairy forts in Ireland's countryside, the oldest of them possibly dating back as early as 600 BCE.
Memić
Memić or Memiç is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Almir Memić (footballer, born 1962), Bosnian football manager and former footballer

Almir Memić (footballer, born 1975), Bosnian former footballer

Amar Memić (born 2001), Bosnian footballer

Dalio Memić (born 1990), Bosnian footballer

Gizem Memiç (born 1990), Turkish beauty pageant contestant from Gaziantep who won Miss Turkey 2010

Haris Memic (born 1995), Dutch footballer

Husein Memić (born 1983), Serbian politician

Muhamed Memić (born 1960), Yugoslav handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics

Seid Memić (born 1950), Bosnian singer and the vocalist for the Yugoslav rock band Teška industrija

Gizem Memiç
Gizem Memiç (Turkish: [ˈɡizem ˈmemitʃ]; (born May 16, 1990) is a Turkish model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Turkey 2010 on 1 April 2010. She graduated from  Interior Architecture & Environmental Design at Bilkent University.
Kanchana 2
Kanchana 2 (also known as Muni 3: Kanchana 2)  is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language horror comedy film written, produced and directed by Raghava Lawrence, who enactes in dual role and reprises his role. Alongside him, the film stars Taapsee Pannu, Nithya Menen, Renuka, Jayaprakash, Rajendran, Suhasini Maniratnam, Mayilsamy, with Kovai Sarala and Sriman also reprising their roles. It is the third instalment in the Kanchana film series, and is the sequel to Kanchana (2011). The film was remade in Kannada as Kalpana 2 (2016) starring Upendra.

Rajendran
Arunachalam Rajendran (born 1 June 1957), better known as Mottai Rajendran or Naan Kadavul Rajendran, is an Indian stunt double and actor working mainly in Tamil cinema. He debuted in 2003 with the Tamil film Pithamagan and has worked as a stunt double in over 500 South Indian films since then. He played the role of a villain in Naan Kadavul (2009) which won huge critical acclaim and fetched him the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain. Since then, he has continued to play villainous and later humorous supporting characters in a number of Tamil films. He is noted for his rough voice and alopecia universalis, which he claims was the result of coming into contact with industrial waste during a stunt sequence.
Open Source Hardware Association
The Open Source Hardware Association (OSHWA) is a non-profit organization that advocates for open-source hardware. It aims to act as a hub of open source hardware activity of all types while actively cooperating with other initiatives such as the TAPR Open Hardware License, open-source development groups at CERN, and the Open Source Initiative (OSI). It has also been active in promoting diversity and inclusive terminology within the open source hardware movement.

Open Source Initiative
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an American nonprofit organization that maintains The Open Source Definition (OSD), the predominant standard for open-source software. The organization was founded in February 1998 by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond, part of a group inspired by the Netscape Communications Corporation publishing the source code for its flagship Netscape Communicator product. Later, in August 1998, the organization added a board of directors.

For most of its existence, the OSI's activities have been focused on the definition and certifying software licenses as compliant with it. OSI originally had a closed organizational model, but began to switch towards a membership organization in the 2010s to raise more money and expand its activities.
Going Down on Love
"Going Down on Love" is a song by John Lennon, released as the first track on his 1974 album Walls and Bridges. It was also released as the B-side of Lennon's "Jealous Guy" single on 18 November 1985 in the United Kingdom.

Bobby Keys
Robert Henry Keys (December 18, 1943 – December 2, 2014) was an American saxophonist who performed as a member of several horn sections of the 1970s. He appears on albums by the Rolling Stones, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Harry Nilsson, Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, George Harrison, John Lennon, Ringo Starr, Eric Clapton, Joe Cocker, Joe Ely, and other prominent musicians. Keys played on hundreds of recordings, and was a touring musician from 1956 until his death in 2014.
Rajadurai Foundation
Rajadurai Foundation was established in 2009 by Sivanandi Rajadurai, the mission of which is to build human potential through advancement of professional aspiration, academic scholarship, protection of environment and societies and gift real hope through all-inclusive partnership and spirituality.

Environmental protection
Environmental protection, or environment protection, refers to the taking of measures to protecting the natural environment, prevent pollution and maintain ecological balance. Action may be taken by individuals, advocacy groups and governments. Objectives include the conservation of the existing natural environment and natural resources and, when possible, repair of damage and reversal of harmful trends.

Due to the pressures of overconsumption, population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently. This has been recognized, and governments have begun placing restraints on activities that cause environmental degradation. Since the 1960s, environmental movements have created more awareness of the multiple environmental problems. There is disagreement on the extent of the environmental impact of human activity, so protection measures are occasionally debated.
Mura (surname)
Mura is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Mura (born 1964), Italian politician

Corinna Mura (1910–1965). American cabaret singer

David Mura (born 1952), Japanese-American author, poet, novelist, playwright, critic and performance artist

Éric Mura (born 1963), French retired footballer

Facundo Mura (born 1999), Argentine footballer

Frank Mura (1861–?), French-born American painter and water colourist

Gambhir Singh Mura (1930–2002), Indian tribal dancer

Gianni Mura (1945–2020), Italian sports journalist

Giuseppe Mura (born 1943), Italian boxer

Roberto Mura (born 1955), Italian politician and businessman

Steve Mura (born 1955), American baseball player

Takahito Mura (born 1991), Japanese figure skater

Takashi Mura (born 1960), Japanese figure skater

Toshio Mura (1925–2009), professor of engineering

Facundo Mura (born 1999), Argentine professional footballer

Corinna Mura
Corinna Mura (born Corinna Wall; March 16, 1910 – August 1, 1965) was a cabaret singer, actress, and diseuse. She had a small role in the classic film Casablanca as the woman playing the guitar while singing "Tango Delle Rose" and "La Marseillaise" at Rick's Café Américain.
Brezhnev (surname)
Brezhnev (masculine) (Russian: Брежнев, Ukrainian: Брежнєв) or Brezhneva (feminine) is a Russian and Ukrainian surname.

Those bearing it include:

Leonid Brezhnev (1906–1982), a General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Viktoria Brezhneva (1908–1995), wife of Leonid Brezhnev

Vladimir Brezhnev (1935–1996), Russian ice hockey player

Galina Brezhneva (1929–1998), daughter of Leonid Brezhnev

Yuri Brezhnev (1933–2013), son of Leonid Brezhnev

Lyubov Brezhneva, niece of Leonid Brezhnev

Vera Brezhneva (born 1982), Ukrainian-Russian pop-singer

The name was applied from 1982 to 1988, in honor of Leonid Brezhnev, to the city of Naberezhnye Chelny in Tatarstan.

Naberezhnye Chelny
Naberezhnye Chelny (Russian: На́бережные Челны́, IPA: [ˈnabʲɪrʲɪʐnɨjə tɕɪlˈnɨ] ⓘ; Tatar: Яр Чаллы, IPA: [ˈjar ɕɑlːɤ̆]) is the second largest city in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. A major industrial center, Naberezhnye Chelny stands on the Kama River 225 kilometers (140 mi) east of Kazan near Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. Population: 548,434 (2021 census); 513,193 (2010 census); 509,870 (2002 census); 500,309 (1989 Soviet census).

The city was briefly known as Brezhnev from 1982 to 1988.
Johannes Knijff
Johannes Knijff, O.F.M. (also Johann Knijff or Joannes Knijff Ius, Utrecht,? – Groningen, 7 October 1576) was the first bishop of the Diocese of Groningen.

He was a Franciscan who had studied at Leuven. In 1561, he was appointed bishop of the newly established diocese of Groningen. He was consecrated bishop by Cardinal Granvelle in Brussels on 5 December 1563. Groningen resisted the arrival of a bishop. It was not until 1568 that Knijff, supported by Alva's troops, could take his diocese in the cathedral. In 1576, he died of the plague. Due to the fear of infection, the deceased bishop was buried quickly and without much ceremony in a free grave in the ambulatory east of the altar. Later, his remains were exhumed and placed in a crypt under the choir. Not a stone or a grave monument has been preserved.

Although a successor was appointed after his death, Knijff was, in fact, the only bishop who exercised the office in Groningen until the re-establishment of the diocese in 1956.

Old University of Leuven
The Old University of Leuven is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425. The university was closed in 1797, a week after the cession to the French Republic of the Austrian Netherlands and the principality of Liège (jointly the future Belgium, by and large) by the Treaty of Campo Formio.

The name was in medieval Latin Studium generale Lovaniense or Universitas Studii Lovaniensis, in humanistical Latin Academia Lovaniensis, and most usually, Universitas Lovaniensis, in Dutch Universiteyt Loven and also Hooge School van Loven.

It is commonly referred to as the University of Leuven or University of Louvain, sometimes with the qualification "old" to distinguish it from the Catholic University of Leuven (established 1835 in Leuven). This might also refer to a short-lived but historically important State University of Leuven, 1817–1835.
Count Your Lucky Stars
Count Your Lucky Stars (Chinese: 我好喜欢你; pinyin: Wǒ Hǎo Xǐ Huān Nǐ; lit. 'I Really Like You') is a 2020 mainland Chinese television series starring Shen Yue and Jerry Yan. It airs on the video platform Youku and Mango TV between August 3, 2020 and September 3, 2020.

Mango TV
Mango TV (芒果TV, Mángguǒ TV; MGTV) is a Chinese video streaming platform under Mango Excellent Media, which is controlled by Hunan Broadcasting System. Mango TV was established on May 26, 2006, in Changsha, Hunan and later decided to use 'Mango TV (Internet TV, PC, Phone and Pad)' as its video platform branding title in 2008. Mango TV specializes in creating online videos and is an online platform providing all of the content that is presented in TV channels, and all other copyright works from Hunan Broadcasting System and Hunan Satellite TV. Its current headquarters is located in Golden Eagle Movie & TV Cultural City, Changsha, Hunan, China. Mango TV provides audience with diverse content including films, TV series, music, cartoons and entertainment.  In 2016, the content from Hunan Satellite TV accounted for 38% in all that Mango TV has produced.
Cyprus–Serbia relations
Cyprus and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established between Cyprus and SFR Yugoslavia in 1960. From 1960 to 2006, Cyprus maintained relations with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) (later Serbia and Montenegro), of which Serbia is considered shared (SFRY) or sole (FRY) legal successor.

Relations between two countries are considered strong, due to common European policies and the sharing of Orthodoxy as a common religion, cooperating in  finance, military matters and culture.

Successor state
A successor state is a concept in international relations regarding a sovereign state that has formed over a territory and populace that was previously under the sovereignty of another state. A successor state may or may not acquire a new international legal personality, while a continuing state (also known as a continuator or historical heir) retains the same international legal personality and all the rights and obligations of a predecessor state. The theory has its roots in 19th-century diplomacy.
Andrey Lamov
Andrei Leonidovich Lamov (Russian: Андрей Леонидович Ламов; born 9 March 1986) is a Swedish-russian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. He is a six-time World Champion.

He placed third in the overall World Cup in Ski Orienteering in 2007–18.

World Cup in Ski Orienteering
The World Cup in Ski Orienteering is a series of ski-orienteering competitions organized by the International Orienteering Federation. The first official World Cup was held in 1989, then every second year up to 1999, and then in 2000, 2001, 2003, 2006, and 2007–2008.