hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mode scrambler
In telecommunications, a mode scrambler or mode mixer is a device for inducing mode coupling in an optical fiber, or a device that, itself, exhibits a uniform output intensity profile independent of the input mode volume or modal excitation condition. Mode scramblers are used to provide a modal distribution that is independent of the optical source for purposes of laboratory, manufacturing, or field measurements or tests. Mode scramblers are primarily used to improve reproducibility of multimode fiber bandwidth measurements.

Mode coupling
In the term mode coupling, as used in physics and electrical engineering, the word "mode" refers to eigenmodes of an idealized, "unperturbed", linear system. The superposition principle says that eigenmodes of linear systems are independent of each other: it is possible to excite or to annihilate a specific mode without influencing any other mode; there is no dissipation. In most real systems, however, there is at least some perturbation that causes energy transfer between different modes. This perturbation, interpreted as an interaction between the modes, is what is called "mode coupling".

Important applications are:

In fiber optics

In lasers (compare mode-locking)

In condensed-matter physics, critical slowing down can be described by a Coupled mode theory.
Agriculture in Texas
Texas has the most farms of all United States both in terms of number and size. Agriculture is a major contributor to the economy of Texas and is the primary land use in the state. It is the country's leading producer of livestock. Wine production in Texas is significant, although small by global standards. The state is a major producer of rice as well as the top producer of cotton in the US.

Texas wine
Texas has a long history of wine production. The sunny and dry climate of the major winemaking regions in the state have drawn comparison to Portuguese wines, in addition to other regions in Europe like Spain, France, and Italy. Some of the earliest recorded Texas wines were produced by Spanish missionaries in the 1650s near El Paso. Texas ranked as the fifth largest wine producing state in 2024.

The state is home to over 42 members of the Vitis grape vine family with fifteen being native to the state, more than any other region on earth. As of 2024, the state had over 9,300 acres (3,800 ha) planted with Vitis vinifera. Despite being the largest of conterminous states, this relatively small amount of planted land is dwarfed by the production of even the smallest French AOCs like Sancerre. The Texan wine industry is continuing its steady pace of expansion and has gained a reputation as an established wine growing region in the United States.
PETase
PETases are an esterase class of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown (via hydrolysis) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic to monomeric mono-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (MHET).

The idealized chemical reaction is:

(ethylene terephthalate)n + H2O → (ethylene terephthalate)n-1 + MHET,

where n is the number of monomers in the polymer chain, though a trace amount of the PET breaks down instead to bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). PETases can also break down PEF-plastic (polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate), which is a bioderived PET replacement, into the analogous MHEF. PETases can't catalyze the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters like polybutylene succinate or polylactic acid.

Whereas the degradation of PET by natural (non-enzymatic) means  will take hundreds of years,  PETases can degrade it in a matter of days.

Polyethylene furan-2,5-dicarboxylate
Polyethylene furan-2,5-dicarboxylate, also named poly(ethylene furan-2,5-dicarboxylate), polyethylene furanoate and poly(ethylene furanoate) and generally abbreviated as PEF, is a polymer that can be produced by polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and ethylene glycol. As an aromatic polyester from ethylene glycol it is a chemical analogue of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). PEF has been described in (patent) literature since 1951, but has gained renewed attention since the US department of energy proclaimed its building block, FDCA, as a potential bio-based replacement for purified terephthalic acid (PTA) in 2004.
Tom Burroughs
Tom Burroughs (born November 21, 1954) is an American politician who was a Democratic member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 33rd district, in which he served as the House Minority Leader.  A native of Kansas City, Kansas, he served from 1997 until 2023.

Prior to his election, Burroughs ran unsuccessfully for the House in 1990 and 1992. He has an associate degree from Kansas City Community College and spent nearly 30 years working at the Colgate-Palmolive Company.

Burroughs was the chair of the Colgate-Palmolive Employees Credit Union and the Wy-Jo Chapter of Credit Unions.

Burroughs was named Mayor Pro Tempore of Kansas City, Kansas on January 29, 2024, when Mayor Tyrone Garner underwent a confidential medical procedure.  No timeline was given for Garner's return. Burroughs is currently a candidate for mayor/CEO of Kansas City, KS.

Kansas City, Kansas
Kansas City (commonly known as KCK) is the third-most populous city in the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Wyandotte County. It is an inner suburb of the older and more populous Kansas City, Missouri, after which it is named. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 156,607, making it one of four principal cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is situated at Kaw Point, the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers. It is part of a consolidated city-county government known as the "Unified Government". It is the location of the University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas City Kansas Community College.
Ålum Runestones
The Ålum Runestones are four Viking Age memorial runestones which are located at the church in Ålum, which is 9 km (6 miles) west of Randers, Denmark. One of the stones refers to a man with the title drengr and two of the other stones were raised by the same family.

Runestone
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition of erecting runestones as a memorial to dead men began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but the majority of the extant runestones date from the late Viking Age. While most of these are located in Scandinavia, particularly Sweden, there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off.
Juhani Avellan
Juhani Kari Kalervo Avellan ((1945-12-13)13 December 1945 in Riihimäki – (2004-07-28)28 July 2004 in Helsinki) was a Finnish male weightlifter, who competed in the light heavyweight class and represented Finland at international competitions. He won the bronze medal at the 1975 World Weightlifting Championships in the 82.5 kg category. He participated at the 1972 Summer Olympics in the 82.5 kg event, at the 1976 Summer Olympics in the 82.5 kg event and at the 1980 Summer Olympics in the 82.5 kg event. He won the bronze medal at the 1975 European Championships in the Light-Heavyweight class (350.0 kg). He set three light-heavyweight world records in 1970-71 – one in the snatch and one in the clean & jerk.

Weightlifting at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 82.5 kg
These are the results of the Men's Light-Heavyweight Weightlifting Event (– 82.5 kg) at the 1980 Olympic Weightlifting competition in Moscow. A total of 19 men competed in this event, limited to competitors with a maximum body weight of 82.5 kilograms.

Each weightlifter had three attempts for both the snatch and clean and jerk lifting methods. The total of the best successful lift of each method was used to determine the final rankings and medal winners. Competition took place on 26 July in the Izmailovo Sports Palace.
Halal Gang
Halal Gang is a Canadian hip hop collective based in Toronto, Ontario. The name stems from the preponderance of the group having Muslim origins with East African and Caribbean Canadian roots. Initially the group is said to have stemmed out from a gang participating in criminal activity. The group was established in  2010 as a group of youths from Regent Park inspired to make music. Its original incarnation includes Puffy L'z. Mustafa the Poet, Mo-G, Safe and Smoke Dawg.

Regent Park
43°39′42″N 79°21′54″W﻿ / ﻿43.66167°N 79.36500°W﻿ / 43.66167; -79.36500

Regent Park is a neighbourhood located in downtown Toronto, Ontario built in the late 1940s as a public housing project managed by Toronto Community Housing. It sits on what used to be a significant part of the Cabbagetown neighbourhood and is bounded by Gerrard Street East to the north, River Street to the east, Shuter Street to the south and Parliament Street to the west. Regent Park's residential dwellings, prior to the ongoing redevelopment, were entirely social housing and covered all of the 69 acres (280,000 m2) which comprise the community. The original neighbourhood was razed in the process of creating Regent Park. The nickname Cabbagetown is now applied to the remaining historical area north and west of the housing project, which has experienced considerable gentrification since the 1960s and 1970s.
Boxing for Cuba
Boxing for Cuba: An Immigrant’s Story of Despair, Endurance, and Redemption is the memoir of Guillermo (“Bill”) Vicente Vidal published by Ghost Road Press in November 2007. The book documents the Vidal family as they flee from Cuba in the 1960s and eventually establish a home in Colorado. After leaving Cuba in 1961 through Operation Peter Pan, Bill Vidal and his two brothers were taken to an orphanage in Pueblo, Colorado. Vidal served as mayor of the City of Denver, Colorado from January to July, 2011.

Bill Vidal
Guillermo "Bill" Vidal (born July 19, 1951) is a Cuban American author and career civil servant who served as the 44th mayor of Denver, Colorado.

Vidal served as deputy mayor under John Hickenlooper until Hickenlooper resigned his position as mayor in order to serve as the governor of Colorado. Vidal was then sworn in as mayor on January 12, 2011 and served until July 18, 2011 when his successor Michael Hancock was sworn in.

After he moved from deputy to mayor, Vidal did not run for the office, choosing instead to serve only until a new mayor could be elected.

Following his service as Mayor of Denver, he became president and CEO of the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of Metro Denver.
Snailbeach District Railways
The Snailbeach District Railways was a British narrow gauge railway in Shropshire. It was constructed to transport lead ore from mines in the Stiperstones to Pontesbury, where the ore was transshipped to the Great Western Railway's Minsterley branch line. Coal from the Pontesford coal mines travelled in the opposite direction. The line ended at Snailbeach, home to Shropshire's largest and richest lead mine.  Although there were plans to extend it further, which would have brought it closer to more lead mines, the extension was never completed.

Stiperstones
The Stiperstones (Welsh: Carneddau Teon) is a distinctive hill in Shropshire, England. The quartzite rock of the ridge formed some 480 million years ago. During the last Ice Age Stiperstones lay on the eastern margin of the Welsh ice sheet. The hill itself was not glaciated though glaciers occupied surrounding valleys and it was subject to intense freezing and thawing which shattered the quartzite into a mass of jumbled scree surrounding several residual rocky tors. At 536 metres (1,759 ft) above sea level it is the second-highest hill in the county, surpassed only by Brown Clee Hill (540 metres (1,772 ft)). Stiperstones' 8-kilometre (5 mi) summit ridge is crowned by several jagged outcrops of rock, which may be seen silhouetted against the sky.
Rahonavis
Rahonavis is a genus of bird-like theropod from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, from about 70 to 66 mya) of what is now northwestern Madagascar. It is known from a partial skeleton (UA 8656) found by Catherine Forster and colleagues in Maevarano Formation rocks at a quarry near Berivotra, Mahajanga Province. Rahonavis was a small predator, at about 70 centimetres (2.3 ft) long and 0.45-2.27 kg (1-5 lbs), with the typical dromaesaurid-like raised sickle claw on the second toe. It was the first coelurosaur discovered in Africa, with Nqwebasaurus being the second.

The name Rahonavis means, approximately, "cloud menace bird", from Malagasy rahona (RA-hoo-na, "cloud" or "menace") + Latin avis "bird". The specific name, R. ostromi, was coined in honor of John Ostrom.

Avialae
Avialae ("bird wings") is a clade containing the only living dinosaurs, the birds, and their closest relatives. It is usually defined as all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds (Aves) than to deinonychosaurs, though alternative definitions are occasionally used (see below).

Archaeopteryx lithographica, from the late Jurassic Period Solnhofen Formation of Germany, is usually considered the earliest known avialan which may have had the capability of powered flight; a minority of studies have suggested that it might have been a  deinonychosaur instead. Several older (but non flight-capable) possible avialans are known from the late Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of China, dated to about 160 million years ago.
Xue Pinggui and Wang Baochuan
Wang Baochuan and Xue Pinggui (Chinese: 薛平貴與王寶釧), also known by many other names such as The Red-Maned Stallion, Wujiapo, Returning to the Cave, and The Story of the Colourful Tower, is a  legend commonly performed in Chinese opera theatres. The story is set in the Tang dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong in the 9th century CE.

The story is known in the West as Lady Precious Stream ("Precious Stream" being a loose translation of the female protagonist's given name, Baochuan), as it was adapted for the British stage by Hsiung Shih-I, a Chinese academic living in England. It was performed at the Little Theatre in John Street, London, by the People's National Theatre, directed by Nancy Price and Hsiung, and ran for 1,000 nights. The play was later performed on Broadway at the Booth Theatre in New York, produced by Morris Gest.

Little Theatre in the Adelphi
The Little Theatre in the Adelphi was a 250-seat theatre in London, in a site to the south of the Strand. It was opened in 1910, damaged in a German air raid in the First World War and rebuilt in 1919–20. German bombs again hit the theatre in 1941 so severely damaging it that it remained empty until it was demolished in 1949.

The theatre was home to a wide variety of productions, from plays by Bernard Shaw and Laurence Housman presented by Gertrude Kingston, to Grand Guignol melodramas presented by Sybil Thorndike and Lewis Casson, revue, heavyweight drama staged by Nancy Price and her People's National Theatre company and Restoration comedy presented by Herbert Farjeon.
LSK Laćarak
FK LSK Laćarak is a Serbian football club based in Laćarak, Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia. They compete in the Vojvodina League South, in the 4th tier of Serbian football after they applied for a vacant spot.

Vojvodina League South
The Vojvodina League South (Serbian: Vojvođanska liga "Jug") is the fourth tier of the Serbian football league system in the South Bačka District and Syrmia District. It is one of three leagues at this level in Vojvodina, along with the Vojvodina League East and the Vojvodina League North. The league is operated by the Football Association of Vojvodina.

Vojvodina League South consists of 16 clubs who play each other in a double round-robin league, with each club playing the other club home and away. At the end of the season the top club is promoted to Serbian League Vojvodina.
Joey Williams
Joseph Joshua Williams (4 June 1902 – 1978) was an English footballer. Williams featured for clubs Arsenal, Carlisle United, Huddersfield Town, Middlesbrough, Rotherham County and Stoke City in his playing career.

Rotherham County F.C.
Rotherham County F.C. was an English football club based in Rotherham, South Yorkshire. They spent a number of years in the English Football League before merging with rivals Rotherham Town in 1925 to form Rotherham United.
2007 Vietnamese Cup
The 2007 Vietnamese Cup (known as the Bamboo Airways National Cup for sponsorship reasons) season was the 15th edition of the Vietnamese National Cup, the football knockout tournament of Vietnam organized by the Vietnam Football Federation.

Vietnam Football Federation
The Vietnam Football Federation (VFF; Vietnamese: Liên đoàn Bóng đá Việt Nam) is the national governing body of football in Vietnam. It is responsible for the all Vietnamese teams of association football, futsal and beach soccer as well as national competitions.

VFF is currently a member of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF). Its headquarters is located in Lê Quang Đạo Street, Mỹ Đình 1 ward, Nam Từ Liêm district, Hanoi. Administratively, VFF is placed under the jurisdiction of the Vietnam Ministry of Home Affairs alongside supervisor and specialty management from the Vietnam Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
Rehane Abrahams
Rehane Abrahams is a performance artist from Cape Town, South Africa. She has performed several works, from Shakespeare to contemporary productions in South Africa and in America. She was a recipient of the FNB Vita Award for Best Actress in 2001. She is a co-founder of The Mothertongue Project, a collective of women artists. She has written and performed a number of plays that have appeared in South Africa, San Francisco and London.  She has also appeared in numerous television shows, including SOS on e.tv and as Zelda in Hotnotsgode.

E.tv
e.tv (commonly referred to on-air as e) is the first and only privately owned free-to-air television station in South Africa. Founded in 1998, the company broadcasts nationally, and is headquartered in Cape Town.

It is the fifth terrestrial television channel in the country, following three channels that are operated by the state-owned South African Broadcasting Corporation (that is SABC 1, SABC 2 and SABC 3) and the privately owned subscription-funded M-Net.

In 1997, the e.tv channel bought the broadcasting rights to broadcast English Premier League (EPL) matches and, later on, they also bought the rights to broadcast UEFA Champions League matches.

After South Africa's 4 free-to-air SABC channels, e.tv is the most-watched network in the country, according to data from satellite TV provider DStv.
2025 Boston College Eagles football team
The 2025 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Eagles were led by Bill O'Brien in his second season as their head coach. They played their home games at Alumni Stadium located in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

ACC Network
ACC Network (ACCN) is an American multinational subscription-television channel owned and operated by ESPN Inc. Dedicated to coverage of the Atlantic Coast Conference, it was announced in July 2016 and launched on August 22, 2019. The channel operates from ESPN's headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut, though some programming and staff is in Charlotte, North Carolina.

The network's digital platform, ACC Network Extra (ACCNX), carries ACC events not broadcast on television. It streams on ESPN+, as well as ESPN.com and the ESPN app for ACC Network subscribers.
Chinese Panda coins
Chinese Panda coins are platinum, gold, and silver bullion coins issued by the People's Bank of China.

Issued first in 1982, the coins are produced in various sizes to satisfy demands from investors and collectors, the series changes the depiction on the coin with each new year.

Chinese Platinum Panda (produced from 1987 to 2005)

Chinese Silver Panda

Chinese Gold Panda

Chinese Gold Panda
The Chinese Gold Panda (simplified Chinese: 熊猫金币; traditional Chinese: 熊貓金幣; pinyin: xióng māo jīn bì) is a series of gold bullion coins issued by the People's Republic of China. The Official Mint of the People's Republic of China introduced the panda gold bullion coins in 1982. The panda design changes every year (with a single exception) and the Gold Panda coins come in different sizes and denominations, ranging from 1⁄20 to 1 troy ounce (1.6 to 31.1 grams) (and larger ones as well).

There is also a Silver Panda series issued with the same designs as the Gold Panda coins.
Crown Hotel (Siloam Springs, Arkansas)
The Crown Hotel, formerly the Lakeside Hotel is a historic hotel building at 119 West University Street in Siloam Springs, Arkansas.  It is a two-story brick building in an L shape, with a hip roof topped by a low cupola.  It is distinguished by the brickwork at the roofline, and by the delicately spindled two-story porch that wraps around two sides of the building.  Built in 1881, just one year after the city's founding, it is one of the city's oldest commercial buildings, and may have been its first brick hotel.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Siloam Springs, Arkansas
Siloam Springs is a city in Benton County, Arkansas, United States, and located on the western edge of the Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 17,287. The community was founded in 1882 and was characterized by the purported healing powers of the spring water feeding Sager Creek and trading with nearby Native American tribes. The city shares a border on the Arkansas–Oklahoma state line with the city of West Siloam Springs, Oklahoma, which is within the Cherokee Nation territory. It is home of John Brown University.
Lonely God (album)
Lonely God is the eighth studio album by American metalcore band Fit for a King. It was released on August 1, 2025, and was produced by Daniel Braunstein (Spiritbox, Silent Planet),  making it their first album since 2016's Deathgrip to not be produced by frequent collaborator Drew Fulk.

Silent Planet
Silent Planet is an American metalcore band formed in Azusa, California, in 2009.  Their name is derived from C. S. Lewis' science fiction novel Out of the Silent Planet. The group consists of vocalist Garrett Russell, guitarist/clean vocalist Mitchell Stark, drummer Alex Camarena and bassist Nick Pocock. They are currently independent and have released five studio albums. Their latest studio album, Superbloom, was released on November 3, 2023.
KGED
KGED (1680 kHz) is a commercial AM expanded band radio station in Fresno, California. It features a regional Mexican format. The station is owned by Bendita Eucaristia Radio, Inc. The studios and offices are on West Olive Avenue in Fresno.

KGED broadcasts with 10,000 watts by day and 1,000 watts at night, using a non-directional antenna. The transmitter is located off South Fowler Avenue, near East American Avenue, in Fowler, California, south of Fresno.

Salem Radio Network
Salem Radio Network is a United States–based radio network that specializes in syndicated Christian political talk, music, and conservative secular news/talk programming. It is a division of the Salem Media Group.