hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Izumiōtsu Station
Izumiōtsu Station (泉大津駅, Izumiōtsu) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Izumiōtsu, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Nankai Electric Railway. It has the station number "NK20".

Nankai Electric Railway
Nankai Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (南海電気鉄道株式会社, Nankai denki tetsudō kabushiki gaisha) is a private railway in Japan, founded in 1884. The name Nankai (which means "South Sea") comes from the company's routes along the Nankaidō, the old highway that ran south from the old capital, Kyoto, along the sea coast. Nankai predates all the electric railways in the Tokyo region.

The Nankai network branches out in a generally southern direction from Namba Station in Osaka. The Nankai Main Line connects Osaka to Wakayama, with an important spur branching to Kansai International Airport. The rapi:t α express connects Kansai International Airport to Namba in 34 minutes, while the rapi:t β takes 39 minutes with two additional stops. The Koya Line connects Osaka to Mt. Koya, headquarters of the Buddhist Shingon sect and a popular pilgrimage site. IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) are accepted.
Broken noses in ancient Egyptian statues
The phenomenon of Ancient Egyptian statues with broken noses is widespread among many Ancient Egyptian statues, especially stone ones. The causes of these fractures are often attributed to natural factors such as erosion and deterioration over time, or the result of deliberate human actions linked to religious beliefs. This phenomenon has caused controversy, and ideologies have attempted to use it to support extreme ideas about Ancient Egyptian history.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Checca, Peru
Checca is a town in the Cusco Region of Peru (the geographical coordinates of the city: 14° 28' 22" South, 71° 23' 38" West). Its population is 3,810. The city maintains average temperatures of at least 4.1 to 8.1 degrees Celsius throughout the year, with an average precipitation of 837.8 millimeters.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
LFG Roland D.IV
The LFG Roland D.IV, later redesignated LFG Roland Dr.I was a German single engine, single seat triplane fighter flown in mid-1917. It produced no performance or operational advantages over existing types and only one was built.

Mercedes D.III
The Mercedes D.III, or F1466 as it was known internally, was a six-cylinder SOHC valvetrain liquid-cooled inline aircraft engine built by Daimler and used on a wide variety of German aircraft during World War I. The initial versions were introduced in 1914 at 119 kW (160 hp), but a series of changes improved this to 127 kW (170 hp) in 1917, and 134 kW (180 hp) by mid-1918. These later models were used on almost all late-war German fighters, and its only real competition, the BMW III, was available only in very limited numbers. Compared to the Allied engines it faced, the D.III was generally outdated.
The Blooms of Banjeli
The Blooms of Banjeli is a Togolese short documentary film directed by Carlyn Saltman. The 29-minute film includes footage from 1914 not released until 1986 or 1987. It documents the town of Banjeli, from its iron smelting technology to local rituals and sexual prohibitions.

Demographics of Togo
The demographics of Togo include ethnicity, population density, age, education level, health, economic status and religious affiliations.

Togo's population is estimated to have grown to four times its size between 1960 and 2010. With nearly 60% of its populace under the age of 25 and a high annual growth rate attributed largely to high fertility, Togo's population is likely to continue to expand for the foreseeable future. Reducing fertility, boosting job creation, and improving education will be essential to reducing the country's high poverty rate. In 2008, Togo eliminated primary school enrollment fees, leading to higher enrollment but increased pressure on limited classroom space, teachers, and materials. Togo has a good chance of achieving universal primary education, but educational quality, the underrepresentation of girls, and the low rate of enrollment in secondary and tertiary schools remain concerns.
Chu Mạnh Trinh
Chu Mạnh Trinh (chữ Hán: 朱孟楨, 1862–1905), courtesy name as Cán Thần, and his art name as Trúc Vân, was an intellectual in the Nguyễn dynasty. He was the author of the poem Hàm Tử quan hoài cổ and Hương Sơn Phong Cảnh Ca.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
Enteng Kabisote 4: Okay Ka, Fairy Ko... The Beginning of the Legend
Enteng Kabisote 4: Okay Ka Fairy Ko... The Beginning of the Legend is a 2007 comedy fantasy film, the fourth and last installment of the original Enteng Kabisote films, and the sixth installment based on the Philippine television sitcom Okay Ka, Fairy Ko!. The film is an official entry for the 2007 Metro Manila Film Festival.

2007 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 33rd Metro Manila Film Festival ran from December 25, 2007 to January 7, 2008.

Maricel Soriano, Jinggoy Estrada and the movie, Resiklo topped the 2007 Metro Manila Film Festival. Soriano and Estrada took home the Best Actress and Best Actor awards for their performances in the films Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po! and Katas ng Saudi respectively. Ramon "Bong" Revilla, Jr.'s Resiklo won eight awards including the Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Roi Vinzon among others. Second-consecutive winners Nash Aguas and Jose Javier Reyes received the Best Child Performer and Best Screenplay respectively.

Other awardees include Best Director for Cesar Apolinario, Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Supporting Actress for Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po!'s Eugene Domingo, and Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Awards for both Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po! and Katas ng Saudi.
1926 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico
The 1926 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico was held on November 2, 1926, to elect the states sole at large representative. Democrat John Morrow won re-election to a third term by 3.11 percentage points. This election coincided with the states Governor election which republicans won.

1926 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 1926 New Mexico gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1926. Incumbent Democratic Governor Arthur T. Hannett was defeated by Republican nominee Richard C. Dillon who won 51.60% of the vote. This was the first ever gubernatorial election in which Luna County voted for a Republican candidate.
Dragon (zodiac)
The Dragon (simplified Chinese: 龙; traditional Chinese: 龍; pinyin: lóng; Jyutping: lung; Cantonese Yale: lùhng) is the fifth of the 12-year cycle of animals that appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. The Year of the Dragon is associated with the Earthly Branch symbol 辰 (pinyin: chén).

It has been proposed that the Earthly Branch character may have been associated with scorpions; it may have symbolized the star Antares. In the Buddhist calendar used in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka, the dragon is replaced by the nāga. In the Gurung zodiac, the dragon is replaced by the eagle. In the Old Turkic calendar it is replaced by a fish or crocodile. Early Persian translations of the medieval period change the dragon to a sea serpent, although in current times it is generally referred to as whale.

During China's Cultural Revolution, there was an attempt to replace the dragon with the giant panda; however, the movement was short lived.

Gurung people
Gurung (exonym; Nepali: गुरुङ) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung: རྟམུ) are a Tibetan ethnic group living in the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal. Gurungs speak the Gurung language, which is also known as Tamu Kyi and is a Sino-Tibetan language derived from the Tibeto-Burman language family. The written form of Gurung is heavily dependent on the Tibetan script and history and details related to their culture and tradition is passed on from one generation to the other usually by word-of-mouth.

The Gurungs have historically lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle, herding sheep and yaks in the Himalayan foothills, but many have diversified into other professions while retaining strong ties to their cultural heritage.
Puget Sound Clean Air Agency
The Puget Sound Clean Air Agency is a local clean air agency that partners with the EPA and the state government to regulate air pollution in Pierce, King, Kitsap, and Snohomish counties in the state of Washington. They are headquartered in Seattle Washington. The agency produces public health reports, permits, and other programs to advance air quality in its district.

King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 12th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the state's most populous city.

Originally named after US representative, senator, and then vice president-elect William R. King in 1852, the county government amended its designation in 1986 to honor Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent activist and leader during the civil rights movement. The change was approved by the state government in 2005.

It is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle metropolitan area along with Snohomish County to the north and Pierce County to the south. About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs, which largely developed in the late 20th century and early 21st century as bedroom communities before becoming job centers for the technology industry.
Van Leusen reaction
The Van Leusen reaction is the reaction of a ketone with TosMIC leading to the formation of a nitrile. It was first described in 1977 by Van Leusen and co-workers. When aldehydes are employed, the Van Leusen reaction is particularly useful to form oxazoles and imidazoles.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Saraguro Canton
Saraguro (also Sarakuru) is a canton of Ecuador, located in Loja Province.  Its capital is the town of Saraguro. The area of the canton is 1,085 square kilometres (419 sq mi). The capital of the canton is the parish and town of Saraguro.

Cantons of Ecuador
The cantons of Ecuador are the second-level subdivisions of Ecuador, below the provinces. The cantons are further subdivided into parishes, which are classified as either urban or rural.

As of 2025, there are 222 cantons in the country. The most recently created cantons are Sevilla Don Bosco in Morona Santiago Province in 2024; and La Concordia in Esmeraldas Province in 2007, although in 2013 La Concordia was transferred to Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province.

Below is a list of cantons by province. All populations are as of the 2022 census, with the exception of the canton of Sevilla Don Bosco, as it did not exist at the time.
Rumbler Rock
Rumbler Rock (64°47′S 64°13′W﻿ / ﻿64.783°S 64.217°W﻿ / -64.783; -64.217) is a rock lying 3.5 nautical miles (6 km) west of Bonaparte Point, off the southwest coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. Surveyed by the British Naval Hydrographic Survey Unit in 1956–57. So named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) because with the prevailing heavy southwest swell, the noise of seas breaking over the rock may be heard well clear of the danger.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Battle of Vaksince
A military engagement between the Macedonian security forces and Albanian insurgents belonging to the NLA occurred in the village of Vaksince, which was at the time launching a campaign of guerrilla attacks against facilities of the Macedonian Government, the Macedonian Police force, and the Macedonian Armed Forces.

Fadil Nimani
Fadil Nimani (Albanian: Fadil Nimani; Macedonian and Serbian Cyrillic: Фадил Нимани; 7 April 1967 – 25 May 2001) was a Kosovar Albanian insurgent commander of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) during the Kosovo War and the National Liberation Army (NLA) during the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia.

He was appointed commander of the 114th Brigade of the NLA, active in the Kumanovo region, and had about 150 people under his command. He was killed by Macedonian special forces in an operation during the Macedonian insurgency, on 25 May 2001. A statue has been erected by ethnic Albanian politicians and former NLA fighters at Vaksince in his honour.
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the five U.S. representatives from the state of Oregon, one from each of the state's five congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including the governor of Oregon and a United States senator. Primary elections were held on May 20, 2014.

Greg Walden
Gregory Paul Walden (born January 10, 1957) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Oregon's 2nd congressional district from 1999 to 2021. He is a Republican. Walden is the son of three-term Oregon State Representative Paul E. Walden. In October 2019, Walden announced that he would not run for reelection in 2020.
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, inflammatory skin disease where painful pustules or nodules become ulcers that progressively grow. Pyoderma gangrenosum is not infectious.

Treatments may include corticosteroids, ciclosporin, infliximab, or canakinumab.

The disease was identified in 1908. It affects approximately 1 person in 100,000 in the population. Though it can affect people of any age, it mostly affects people in their 40s and 50s.

Ulcer (dermatology)
An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. Ulcers are most common on the skin of the lower extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract. An ulcer that appears on the skin is often visible as an inflamed tissue with an area of reddened skin. A skin ulcer is often visible in the event of exposure to heat or cold, irritation, or a problem with blood circulation.

They can also be caused due to a lack of mobility, which causes prolonged pressure on the tissues. This stress in the blood circulation is transformed into a skin ulcer, commonly known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers. Ulcers often become infected, and pus forms.
Bound for Glory (2020)
The 2020 Bound for Glory was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on October 24, 2020 at the Skyway Studios in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the 16th event under the Bound for Glory chronology.

Eight matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Rich Swann defeated Eric Young to win the Impact World Championship. In other prominent matches, The North (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) defeated The Motor City Machine Guns (Alex Shelley and Chris Sabin), The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson), and Ace Austin and Madman Fulton to win the Impact World Tag Team Championship, and Su Yung defeated Deonna Purrazzo to win the Impact Knockouts Championship. This event is also notable for The Rock's first appearance in a wrestling promotion outside of WWE in 11 years as he inducted Ken Shamrock into the Impact Hall of Fame.

TNA Hall of Fame
The TNA Hall of Fame is a hall of fame that honors professional wrestlers and wrestling personalities who contributed to the history of the American based professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

It was established in 2012, and created as part of the celebration of the promotion's 10th anniversary. Inductees are usually announced at either the Slammiversary pay-per-view event or on episodes of TNA Impact!, and the ceremony takes place prior to Bound for Glory. It has been an annual tradition for TNA since 2012 with the exception of two years (2017 and 2019).

As of 2025, there have been 16 inducted in total; 13 individually, and two group inductions.
Green–Davies–Mingos rules
In organometallic chemistry, the Green–Davies–Mingos rules predict the regiochemistry for nucleophilic addition to 18-electron metal complexes containing multiple unsaturated ligands.  The rules were published in 1978 by organometallic chemists Stephen G. Davies, Malcolm Green, and Michael Mingos.  They describe how and where unsaturated hydrocarbon generally become more susceptibile to nucleophilic attack upon complexation.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Harper's School District Library
Harper's School District Library (SDL) was an influential American book series published from 1838 to 1846 by the New York publisher J. & J. Harper, founded by brothers James Harper (1795–1869) and John Harper (1797–1875).

Samuel Thatcher
Samuel Thatcher (July 1, 1776 – July 18, 1872) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts.

He was born in Cambridge in the Province of Massachusetts Bay on July 1, 1776; was graduated from Harvard University in 1793; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1797 and commenced practice in New Gloucester (then in Massachusetts' District of Maine); moved to Warren in 1800; member of the Massachusetts house of representatives 1801–1811; was elected as a Federalist to the Seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Silas Lee; reelected to the Eighth Congress and served from December 6, 1802, to March 3, 1805; sheriff of Lincoln County, 1814–1821; member of the Maine house of representatives in 1824; moved to Bangor, Maine, in 1860, and died there July 18, 1872; interment in Bangor's Mount Hope Cemetery.
A Thousand Kisses (TV series)
A Thousand Kisses (Korean: 천 번의 입맞춤) is a 2011 South Korean television series, starring Seo Young-hee, Ji Hyun-woo, Ryu Jin and Kim So-eun. It explores the question of age differences in romance. It aired on MBC from August 20, 2011 to February 5, 2012 on Saturdays and Sundays at 20:40 for 50 episodes.

Lee Soon-jae
Lee Soon-jae (Korean: 이순재; November 16, 1934 – November 25, 2025) was a South Korean actor. He had a prolific career on the small and big screen spanning over six decades, and was given a second-class Eungwan Order of Cultural Merit for his work as an actor. Lee made his debut on television in 1961 with KBS's first drama Should I become a human too.
European Parliament constituencies in France
From 2004 to 2019, there were eight European Parliament constituencies in France. Since the 2019 European Parliament election, there has been a single constituency covering the whole country.

The constituencies all used the party-list proportional representation with the highest average method from their creation to their abolition. French citizens living abroad were added to the Île-de-France constituency in 2014.

The table below shows the changes to France's European Parliament constituencies over time, listing the numbers of Members of the European Parliament each elected at each European Parliamentary election.

European Parliament constituencies in France 2004-2019 (seat numbers effective from 2014).

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
2019 Copa Verde
The 2019 Copa Verde was the sixth edition of a football competition held in Brazil. Featuring 24 clubs, Acre, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará have two vacancies; Amapá, Rondônia and Roraima with one each. The others five berths was set according to CBF ranking.

In the finals, Cuiabá defeated Paysandu 5–4 on penalties after tied 1–1 on aggregate to win their second title and a place in the Round of 16 of the 2020 Copa do Brasil.

Rondônia
Rondônia (English: /rɒnˈdoʊniə/, ron-DOHN-ee-ə ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁõˈdõnjɐ] ⓘ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the North Region (the central-western part). It is bordered by Acre in the west, 
Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bolivia in the south. Rondônia has a population of 1,815,000 as of 2021. It is the fifth least populated state. Its capital and largest city is Porto Velho, bathed by the Madeira River. The state was named after Cândido Rondon, who explored the north of the country during the 1910s. The state, which is home to c. 0.7% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for c. 0.3% of the Brazilian GDP.

The state has 52 municipalities and occupies an area of 237,590.547 km2, equivalent to the territory of Romania and almost five times larger than Croatia. In addition to this, there are other important cities such as Ariquemes, Cacoal, Guajará-Mirim, Ji-Paraná, Rolim de Moura and Vilhena.