hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thesis of Pulacayo
The Thesis of Pulacayo (Tesis de Pulacayo) was an important document in the Bolivian and Latin American labor movement. It was adopted at the request of the delegation of Llallagua in the Congreso de la Federación Sindical de Trabajadores Mineros de Bolivia (FSTMB), which met in November 1946 in the city of Pulacayo. The thesis is based on the Trotskyist conception of permanent revolution and on the Transitional Program of the Fourth International.

Pulacayo
The historic industrial site of Pulacayo is located in the Potosí Department of Bolivia. The mining center developed around Huanchaca, the world's second largest silver mine, and was founded in 1833.  Features of the mining center include:

Aniceto Arce’s house
The Maestranza
The refinery’s smelting works
A spinning mill
The first railroad to ever reach Bolivia

Pulacayo also contains a train that Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid robbed.
Rumena Trifonova
Rumena Georgieva Trifonova (Bulgarian: Румена Георгиева Трифонова; 18 May 1944 – 22 July 2025) was a Bulgarian film and theatre actress. She was known for playing the singing teacher Dilyanska in the 1971 film Porcupines Are Born Without Bristles.

Trifonova appeared in numerous films such as Measure for Measure, The Three Marias and Ivan, The Guardian of the Dead, Return, Death of a Rabbit, With a Dissenting Opinion, Warming Up Yesterday's Lunch and The Grey Zone. She also appeared in theatre plays such as At the Crossroads, Vacation in Arco Iris, Albena and The Prosecutor.

Trifonova died on 22 July 2025, at the age of 81.

The Grey Zone
The Grey Zone is a 2001 American historical tragedy film written and directed by Tim Blake Nelson and starring David Arquette, Steve Buscemi, Harvey Keitel, Mira Sorvino, and Daniel Benzali. It is based on the book Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account written by Dr. Miklós Nyiszli.

The title comes from a chapter in the book The Drowned and the Saved by Holocaust survivor Primo Levi. The film tells the story of the Jewish Sonderkommando XII in Auschwitz in October 1944. These prisoners were made to assist the camp's guards in shepherding their victims to the gas chambers and then disposing of their bodies in the ovens.
Leo Laakso
Leo Laakso (21 August 1918 in Heinola – 4 April 2002) was a Finnish ski jumper who competed in the 1940s. He finished 6th in the individual large hill competition at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
South African Army Armour Formation
The South African Army Armour Formation provides an Armour capability to the South African Army. The Formation came into being as part of a restructure. South African Armour Corps units previously under the command of various different brigades and other formations were all grouped under one formation. All armour is assigned to the SA Army Armour Formation under the charge of a General Officer Commanding.

Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.
Pilot (1914 boat)
Pilot is a pilot boat and museum ship in San Diego, California. She was launched in 1914 in San Diego, built in the local boatyard of Manuel Goularte. She is a 52-foot wooden diesel-powered vessel. She was the first powered pilot boat in San Diego. She served as the official pilot boat of San Diego Bay for 82 years, with no more than three consecutive days of downtime.

During World War II, the Coast Guard used her as a pilot boat and patrol boat. She received six six-month service chevrons.

She was donated to the Maritime Museum of San Diego in 1996 and underwent restoration. Pilot now hosts educational tours of San Diego Bay, and sometimes accompanies other historic vessels (most notably, Star of India) into and out of the bay.

Chevron (insignia)
A chevron (also spelled cheveron, especially in older documents) is a V-shaped mark or symbol, often inverted. The word is usually used in reference to a kind of fret in architecture, or to a badge or insignia used in military or police uniforms to indicate rank or length of service, or in heraldry and the designs of flags (see flag terminology).
The Bafanas
The Bafanas was a popular South African comic strip that appeared on the back page of Bona Magazine during the early 1990s. They were created by Sydney Chama, a notable South African cartoonist and actor. Chama's work on The Bafanas showcased his talent for storytelling and illustration, cementing his legacy in South African cartooning history.

Bona Magazine
Bona Magazine is a South African lifestyle magazine, first published in 1956. It covers a wide range of topics, including fashion, beauty, health, relationships, and entertainment. Bona has a wide readership in South Africa, and is also sold in Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mauritius.
Old Time Buddy
Old Time Buddy (Chinese: 難兄難弟; Jyutping: naan4 hing1 naan4 dai6) is a 1997 Hong Kong period comedy television drama created and produced by TVB. The Chinese title translates to "brothers in hardship."

Old Time Buddy is set primarily in the 1960s and tells the story of two struggling young actors who end up becoming Hong Kong's  iconic film idols. It stars Francis Ng, Gallen Lo, Jessica Hsuan, and Maggie Cheung Ho-yee, who portray characters based on screen idols Patrick Tse, Lui Kei, Josephine Siao, and Connie Chan respectively.

Original broadcast began on Hong Kong's TVB Jade channel from 23 June till 26 July 1997 every Monday through Friday during its 7:30pm to 8:30pm timeslot with a total of 25 episodes.

This drama is one of the three that witnessed the Hong Kong handover to China, the other two being A Kindred Spirit & Deadly Protection.

TVB Jade
TVB Jade (Chinese: 無綫電視翡翠台), or simply Jade, is a Hong Kong Cantonese-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) as its flagship service, alongside its sister network, the English-language TVB Pearl. Broadcasting started on 19 November 1967. It is headquartered at TVB City at the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate in Tseung Kwan O, in the Sai Kung District. Primarily broadcasting entertainment programming, TVB Jade has historically been the most dominant television channel in the region in terms of viewership, with its closest competitor having been the now-defunct ATV Home.

Jade primarily broadcasts in the Cantonese language; it has also offered programs with alternative audio tracks in Mandarin, English, and other foreign languages. Some shows also offer subtitles in multiple languages.
Thomas Robinson (cricketer)
Thomas Robinson (7 September 1837 – 3 December 1910) was an English first-class cricketer.

Robinson was born at Redcar in September 1837. He made his debut in first-class cricket against a combined Yorkshire and Durham cricket team against Nottinghamshire at Stockton-on-Tees in 1858. His next first-class appearance followed three years later when he played for a combined Yorkshire with Stockton-on-Tees cricket team against Cambridgeshire. He made his final two first-class appearances in 1862, playing for Yorkshire against Kent at Sheffield, and for the Players in the Gentlemen v Players fixture at Lord's. Robinson scored 63 runs in his four first-class appearances, with a high score of 33. With the ball he took 5 wickets with best figures of 4 for 26. He died at Stockton-on-Tees in December 1910.

Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in County Durham, England, with a population of 84,815 at the 2021 UK census. It gives its name to and is the largest settlement in the wider Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. It is part of Teesside and the Tees Valley, on the northern bank of the River Tees.

The River Tees was straightened in the early 19th century, so that larger ships could access the town. The ports have since relocated closer to the North Sea, and ships are no longer able to sail from the sea to the town. This is due to the building of the Tees Barrage, which was installed to manage tidal flooding. The Stockton and Darlington Railway served the port during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. The railway was also the world's first permanent steam-powered passenger railway.
Lee Gurga
Lee Gurga (born July 28, 1949 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American haiku poet.  In 1997 he served as president of the Haiku Society of America. He was the editor of Modern Haiku magazine from 2002 to 2006, and is the current editor of the Modern Haiku Press. Gurga lives in Lincoln, Illinois, where he works as a dentist. Also involved in the translation of Japanese haiku into English, Gurga cites Matsuo Bashō, a Japanese poet from the Edo period, as one of his main appreciations. One of his most known haiku is about graduation day for students and is presented in his book Haiku: A Poet's Guide.

Haiku in English
A haiku in English, or English-language Haiku (ELH), is an English-language poem written in a form or style inspired by Japanese haiku.  Emerging in the early 20th century, English haiku retains many characteristics of its Japanese predecessor—typically focusing on nature, seasonal changes, and imagistic language—while evolving to suit the rhythms and structures of English languages and cultures outside of Japan. The form has gained widespread popularity across the world and continues to develop through both literary experimentation and community-based haiku movements.
DWAQ-DTV
DWAQ-DTV (channels 39, 43 and 44) was a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the religious channel SMNI. Owned and operated by Swara Sug Media Corporation, the station maintained studios at the ACQ Tower, Sta. Rita Street, Barangay Guadalupe Nuevo, Makati and a hybrid digital transmitting facility at KJC Compound, Barangay Sauyo, Novaliches, Quezon City.

National Telecommunications Commission
The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyon sa Telekomunikasyon) is the telecommunications regulator of the Philippines.

It is an attached agency of the Department of Information and Communications Technology responsible for the supervision, adjudication and control over all telecommunications services and radio and television networks throughout the country.
Firestone Fieldhouse
Firestone Fieldhouse is a multi-purpose arena in Malibu, California, on the campus of Pepperdine University. It was built in 1973 as the home to the Pepperdine Waves basketball and volleyball teams, who still play at the Fieldhouse today. It seats 3,104 for sporting events and up to 5,000 for concerts, graduation ceremonies, and lectures.

The Fieldhouse was officially dedicated on September 20, 1975, by President Gerald R. Ford. A year later, 4,500 fans crowded the Fieldhouse to see Pepperdine defeat the UNLV Runnin' Rebels basketball team by a score of 93–91.

The floor at Firestone Fieldhouse, which measures 110 feet (34 m) by 110 feet (12,100 square feet) has been replaced twice. The current floor at the arena is a wooden floor.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.
Minna Vehmasto
Minna Vehmasto (born 28 March 1962 in Kuusjoki) is a retired Finnish high jumper.

She finished twelfth at the 1983 World Championships. She was Finnish champion in 1980, 1981, and 1983.

Her personal best jump was 1.91 metres, achieved in July 1983 in Pori.

1983 World Championships in Athletics – Women's high jump
These are the official results of the Women's High Jump event at the 1983 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. There were a total number of 33 participating athletes, with two qualifying groups and the final held on Tuesday August 9, 1983.
Trihydrogen cation
The trihydrogen cation or protonated molecular hydrogen (IUPAC name: hydrogenonium ion) is a cation (positive ion) with formula H+3, consisting of three hydrogen nuclei (protons) sharing two electrons.

The trihydrogen cation is one of the most abundant ions in the universe. It is stable in the interstellar medium (ISM) due to the low temperature and low density of interstellar space. The role that H+3 plays in the gas-phase chemistry of the ISM is unparalleled by any other polyatomic ion.

The trihydrogen cation is the simplest triatomic molecule, because its two electrons are the only valence electrons in the system. It is also the simplest example of a three-center two-electron bond system.

Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.
Glenorchy Knights FC
Glenorchy Knights Football Club is an Australian football club based in Glenorchy, Tasmania, 7km north of Hobart's CBD. Founded in 1957, the club competes in Australia's second-tier National Premier League, with matches played at KGV Park, a 2,000 capacity stadium.

Tasmanian soccer championship
The Tasmanian soccer championship describes the method of determining the best soccer club in Tasmania, Australia.  The championship has been decided using three different formats; a statewide league, a playoff between Northern and Southern league Champions and lastly a statewide finals system with top teams from Northern and Southern leagues.
Star Science Fiction Stories No.1
Star Science Fiction Stories No.1 is the first book in the anthology series Star Science Fiction Stories, edited by Frederik Pohl. It was first published in 1953 by Ballantine Books, without numeration, and was reprinted in 1972 as "No. 1". The book featured the first appearance of Arthur C. Clarke's short story, "The Nine Billion Names of God". These books have been very critically acclaimed by critics around the world.

Ballantine Books
Ballantine Books is a major American book publisher that is a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Ballantine was founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine with his wife, Betty Ballantine. Ballantine was acquired by Random House in 1973, which in turn was acquired by Bertelsmann in 1998 and remains part of that company.

Ballantine's original logo was a pair of mirrored letter Bs back to back, later changing to two Bs stacked to form an elaborate gate. The firm's early editors were Stanley Kauffmann and Bernard Shir-Cliff.
Mark G. Spencer
Mark G. Spencer FRHistS FSA Scot (born 8 September 1967) is a Canadian historian and Professor of History at Brock University.
He is known for his works on David Hume's life and thought.

Spencer is a winner of Governor General's Gold Medal (The University of Western Ontario) and The John Bullen Prize of the Canadian Historical Association for his book David Hume and Eighteenth-Century America.
He is co-editor with Elizabeth S. Radcliffe of Hume Studies.

Hume Studies
Hume Studies is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes articles on the philosophical thought of David Hume. It is published by the Hume Society in April and November issues. There is open access to the journal's first 30 volumes, which are available in their issue archive. Members of the Hume Society have online access to all volumes.
SAFF U-20 Championship
The SAFF U-18/U-19/U-20 Championship is an annual football championship for male footballers under the age of 20 and is organized by the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). The championship was held for the first time in August 2015 in Nepal. The tournaments are held just before AFC U-20 Asian Cup qualification matches, keeping in mind about proper preparation for that.

South Asian Football Federation
The South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) is an association of the football playing nations in South Asia. Incorporated in 1997, it is a regional subsidiary of the Asian Football Confederation. The members of the association are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Holy Trinity Church, Halstead
Holy Trinity Church is a redundant Anglican church in the town of Halstead, Essex, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The church stands to the north of the junction between Trinity Street (the A131 road) and Chapel Hill.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Balindong
Balindong, officially the Municipality of Balindong (Maranao and Iranun: Inged a Balindong; Tagalog: Bayan ng Balindong), is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 32,573 people.

It is formerly known as Watu.

Maranao language
Maranao (Filipino: Wikang Mëranaw; Jawi: باسا أ مراناو), sometimes spelled as Maranaw, Meranaw, or Mëranaw, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte and their respective cities of Marawi and Iligan located in the Philippines, as well found also in Sabah, Malaysia. It is spoken among the Moros within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

It is closer to Iranun than to Maguindanao within the Danao subgroup.
Ermita del Cristo de la Vega
The Ermita del Cristo de la Vega is a hermitage located in Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It was built on the remains of the Visigothic Basílica de Santa Leocadia during the 7th century.

Vega means plain, and the building is located in Vega Baja de Toledo, in the old cemetery area of the city.
In the vicinity of the building were buried the remains of Saint Idelfonsus, Saint Leocadia and Saint Eugenius which were removed subsequently.

Hermitage (religious retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people live religiously, in seclusion.  Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place.  Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages".

In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy.  The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain, that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid.
Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum
The Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum was a major incident in early June 1928, in which some of the major mausoleums of the Chinese Qing dynasty in the Eastern Qing tombs were ransacked or vandalized by troops under the command of the warlord Sun Dianying.

Emerald
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. Most emeralds have many inclusions, so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate. It occurs mainly in association with quartz, muscovite, albite, schorl, microcline, fluorite, smoky quartz and elbaite.
Oksana Rogova
Oksana Aleksandrovna Rogova (Russian: Оксана Александровна Рогова; born 7 October 1978 in Tambov) is a Russian triple jumper. She represented Russia at the 2000 Summer Olympics, finishing eighth in the women's triple jump competition.

She won the silver medal at the 1999 European Athletics Under 23 Championships and she was the 2003 Summer Universiade champion in the triple jump. Her other significant medal in her career is a gold at the 2006 European Athletics Indoor Cup. She took part in the 1999 World Championships in Athletics, finishing in ninth position.

Her personal best jump is 14.59 metres, achieved in August 1999 in Gothenburg. However, she achieved 14.70 m indoors at a meeting in Volgograd in 2002.

Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's triple jump
The Women's Triple Jump event at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program was held at the Olympic Stadium.

The top twelve athletes from the three jumps in qualifying progressed through to the final where the qualifying distances are scrapped and they start afresh with another three jumps. After these the top eight athletes carry their record forward and then have a further three attempts to decide the gold medalist.