hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ladysmith, British Columbia
Ladysmith, originally Oyster Harbour, is a town located on the 49th parallel north on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The local economy is based on forestry, tourism, and agriculture. A hillside location adjacent to a sheltered harbour forms the natural geography of the community.

As of 2021, the population was 8,990. The area of the town was 12.04 square kilometres. Total private dwellings were 4,079. Population density was 746.5 people per square kilometre.

Ladysmith is served by the coast-spanning Island Highway, the Island Rail Corridor, nearby Nanaimo Airport and BC Ferries.

Island Rail Corridor
The Island Corridor, previously the Esquimalt & Nanaimo Railway (E&N Railway), is a railway operation on Vancouver Island. It is owned by the Island Corridor Foundation, a registered charity. The railway line is 225 kilometres (140 mi) in length from Victoria to Courtenay, known as the Victoria Subdivision, with a branch line from Parksville to Port Alberni, known as the Port Alberni Subdivision, of 64 kilometres (40 mi), for a total 289 kilometres (180 mi) of mainline track. In 2006, the Island Corridor Foundation acquired the railway's ownership from RailAmerica and Canadian Pacific Railway.

Passenger service has been "temporarily suspended" since 2011 due to poor infrastructure condition that resulted from deferred maintenance.
2005 Big Ten men's basketball tournament
The 2005 Big Ten men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big Ten Conference and was played between March 9 and 12, 2005, at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois. This was the eighth annual Big Ten Men's Basketball Tournament. The championship was won by Illinois who defeated Wisconsin in the championship game. As a result, Illinois received the Big Ten's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. The win marked the second tournament championship for Illinois in their fifth championship game appearance.

2004–05 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team
The 2004–05 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin–Madison. The head coach was Bo Ryan, coaching his fourth season with the Badgers. The team played its home games at the Kohl Center in Madison, Wisconsin, and is a member of the Big Ten Conference.
Ian Mackay
Ian Mackay is the name of:

Ian Mackay (field hockey) (born 1938), Olympic hockey player

Ian Mackay (footballer) (born 1986), Spanish professional footballer

Ian Reay Mackay (born 1922), Australian immunologist

Ian Mackay (rugby league) (born 1952), Australian rugby league player

Ian Reay Mackay
Ian Mackay AM FAA (22 March 1922 – 24 March 2020) was an Australian immunologist. He is noted for his work on autoimmune diseases and is considered to have made major contributions to this field. Mackay was a professor at Monash University and wrote a new edition of his textbook on autoimmune disease. His book Intolerant Bodies: A Short History of Autoimmunity (written with Warwick Anderson) won the General History Prize, New South Wales Premier's History Awards 2015.

Mackay was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 1981 Australia Day Honours for service to medical research. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1991.
Sidney, Ohio
Sidney is a city in Shelby County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 20,589 at the 2020 census. It is approximately 36 miles (58 km) north of Dayton and 100 miles (160 km) south of Toledo, and is a part of the Dayton metropolitan area. The city is named after English poet Philip Sidney, and many of Sidney's elementary schools are named after famous writers, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and John Greenleaf Whittier. Sidney was the recipient of the 1964 All-America City Award. In 2009, it was the subject of the documentary film 45365.

City manager
A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in the council–manager form of city government. Local officials serving in this position are referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administrative officer (CAO) in some municipalities.
UMO Jazz Orchestra
UMO Jazz Orchestra is a Finnish big band. It was founded in 1975 by jazz musicians Heikki Sarmanto and Esko Linnavalli.

UMO is an abbreviation of "Uuden Musiikin Orkesteri" (New Musical Orchestra). Since 1984 UMO has been a professional orchestra which is financed by Finnish Broadcasting Company, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture and the city of Helsinki.

UMO has been toured in Europe, Canada, and the U.S. and has worked with Dexter Gordon, Dizzy Gillespie, Gil Evans, Mercer Ellington, McCoy Tyner, Maria Schneider, Michael Brecker, John Scofield, and Lenny Pickett.

John Scofield
John Scofield (born December 26, 1951) is an American guitarist and composer. His music blends jazz, jazz fusion, funk, blues, soul and rock. He first came to mainstream attention as part of the band of Miles Davis.

He has been nominated for nine Grammy awards and won three.  He was also awarded the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

He has toured and recorded with jazz saxophonists Eddie Harris, Dave Liebman, Joe Henderson, and Joe Lovano; keyboardists George Duke, Joey DeFrancesco, Herbie Hancock, Larry Goldings, and Robert Glasper; fellow guitarists Pat Metheny, John Abercrombie, Pat Martino, and Bill Frisell; bassists Marc Johnson and Jaco Pastorius; and drummers Jack DeJohnette, Billy Cobham, and Dennis Chambers. Outside the world of jazz, he has collaborated with Phil Lesh, Mavis Staples, John Mayer, Medeski Martin & Wood, and Gov't Mule.
New Hogan Dam
New Hogan Dam is an embankment dam on the Calaveras River, a tributary of the San Joaquin River in central California. The dam lies east of Rancho Calaveras and impounds New Hogan Lake in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the 210-foot (64 m)-high dam was completed in 1963. In 1986, the Modesto Irrigation District contracted with the USACE to build a base load hydroelectric plant at the dam with a capacity of 3.15 megawatts.

The original Hogan Dam was completed in September 1930 and named for Walter Byron Hogan -- a Stockton, California City Engineer and later City Manager.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Civilization (1980 board game)
Civilization is a board game designed by Francis Tresham, published in the United Kingdom in 1980 by Hartland Trefoil and in the United States in 1981 by Avalon Hill. The Civilization brand is now owned by Hasbro. It was out of print for many years, before it saw republication in 2018, by Gibsons Games. The game typically takes eight or more hours to play and is for two to seven players.

Civilization is widely considered to be one of the most influential games in the strategy genre, cited as foundational to both the grand strategy and 4X subgenres.

The game is also first in incorporating a technology tree (or "tech tree"), a common feature in subsequent board and video games, which allows players to gain certain items and abilities only after particular other items are obtained.

Games World of Puzzles
Games World of Puzzles is an American games and puzzle magazine. Originally the merger of two other puzzle magazines spun off from its parent publication Games magazine in the early 1990s, Games World of Puzzles was reunited with Games in October 2014.

The entire magazine interior is now newsprint (as opposed to the part-glossy/part-newsprint format of the original Games) and the puzzles and articles that originally sandwiched the "Pencilwise" section are now themselves sandwiched by the main puzzle pages, replacing the "feature puzzle" section (they are still full-color, unlike the two-color "Pencilwise" sections.) The recombined title assumed the same 9-issue-per-year publication schedule as the original Games.
Cinema Verity
Cinema Verity was a British independent television and film production company, founded in 1985 by Verity Lambert, the television producer, who named the company after herself and as a pun on the expression 'cinéma vérité'.

The company's first major venture was the 1988 feature film A Cry in the Dark, which was produced by Lambert herself and based on the infamous Azaria Chamberlain 'dingo baby' case in Australia in the early 1980s.

Thereafter, the company was active mainly in television, producing two sitcoms for BBC1, May to December (1989–94) and So Haunt Me (1992–94). It also co-produced the short-lived BBC soap opera Eldorado (1992–93).

Other work included the literary adaptation The Cazalets for BBC One in 2001.  This programme was co-produced by actress Joanna Lumley, whose initial idea the adaptation had been.

The company was voluntarily dissolved in 2011.

Evil Angels (film)
Evil Angels (released as A Cry in the Dark outside Australia and New Zealand) is a 1988 drama film directed by Fred Schepisi. The screenplay by Schepisi and Robert Caswell is based on John Bryson's 1985 book of the same name. It chronicles the case of Azaria Chamberlain, a nine-week-old baby girl who disappeared from a campground near Uluru in August 1980, and the struggle of her parents, Michael Chamberlain and Lindy Chamberlain, to prove their innocence to a public convinced that they were complicit in her death. Meryl Streep and Sam Neill star as the Chamberlains.

The film was released less than two months after the Chamberlains were exonerated by the Northern Territory Court of Appeals of all charges filed against them. The film received generally favourable reviews, with Streep's performance receiving high praise and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress, but was a box office disappointment, grossing only $6.9 million against its $15 million budget.
Ruedi Lustenberger
Ruedi Lustenberger (born 2 April 1950) is a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss National Council for 2013–2014.

Lustenberger was elected to the National Council in 1999, on the list of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC) in the Canton of Lucerne.

Lustenberger is a carpenter and contractor. He is married and has five children.

Canton of Lucerne
The canton of Lucerne (German: Kanton Luzern [ˈkantɔn luˈtsɛrn]; Romansh: Chantun Lucerna; French: Canton de Lucerne; Italian: Cantone Lucerna) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the country's central, German-speaking part. The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 416,347. As of 2007, the population included 57,268 foreigners, or about 15.8% of the total population. The cantonal capital is the city of Lucerne.
Besagew
Besagews, also spelled besagues, are a type of rondel designed to protect the armpits, as part of a harness of plate armour. The armpits are the location of the axillary arteries, and protecting them was therefore vital. Armour without besagues might employ larger shoulder defenses, such as winged pauldrons, or simply leave the mail beneath exposed.

Chain mail
Mail (sometimes spelled maille and, since the 18th century, colloquially referred to as chain mail, chainmail, or chain-mail) is a type of armour consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. It was widely used in European militaries from the 3rd century BC to the 16th century AD, while in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East it remained in military use until as late as the 18th century. Chain mail is still in use in industries such as butchery and as protection against the powerful bites of creatures such as sharks. A coat of this armour is often called a hauberk or sometimes a byrnie.
Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form
Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form is a specialist maths and science sixth form with free school status located in Norwich, owned by the Inspiration Trust. It has the capacity for 480 students aged 16–19. It specialises in mathematics and science.

Specialist school
Specialist schools, also known as specialised schools or specialized schools, are schools which specialise in a certain area or field of curriculum. In some countries, for example New Zealand, the term is used exclusively for schools specialising in special needs education, which are typically known as special schools. Specialist schools often have admission criteria making them selective schools as well.
Stamata
Stamata (Greek: Σταμάτα) is a community in Athens, East Attica regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Dionysos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 18.950 km2.

Stamata is a rather exclusive suburb, situated in the mountainous northeastern part of the Athenian plain, between the Parnitha and Penteli mountains, about 23 km northeast of center of Athens. Till the last decades, only the main village was inhabited, while the rural area was cultivated by the inhabitants of the village. Nowadays, there are also residences in the settlement of Amygdaleza (Αμυγδαλέζα) and the residential associations of Euxeinos Pontos (Εύξεινος Πόντος) and Prokonisos (Προκόνησος). Stamata could be designated as a rural, rather than a suburban, area, but luxury houses and villas are continuously being developed, mainly in the aforementioned residential associations, turning Stamata into an upper middle class suburb.

Parnitha
Mount Parnitha (Greek: Πάρνηθα, pronounced [ˈparniθa], Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Πάρνης Parnis/Parnes; sometimes Parnetha) is a lightly forested mountain range north of Athens, the highest on the peninsula of Attica, with an elevation of 1,413 m, and a summit known as Karavola (Καραβόλα). Much of the mountain is designated a national park, and is a protected habitat for wildfowl, first created in 1961. The summit is located 18 km north of Acharnes and about 30 km north of  the Athens city center. The mountain covers approximately 250 km² of land. Other peaks include Mavrovouni (Μαυροβούνι), Ornio (1,350 m), Area (1,160 m), Avgo or Avgho (1,150 m), and Xerovouni (Ξεροβούνι, meaning "dry mountain": 1,120 m). It also has two shelters Mpafi and Flampouri. The name of the mountain dates back to ancient times, when it was under the ancient demes of Acharnae and Decelea.
Anton Raga
Anthony Cortes Raga (born November 14, 1997) is a Filipino professional pool player from Cebu, Philippines, nicknamed "The Dragon". Raga reached the final of the 2023 European Open Pool Championship, however, would lose on hill-hill 13–12 to David Alcaide of Spain.

Raga was also a two time runner-up at China 9-Ball Open losing to Wu Jia-qing of China, 12–11, in 2019. and Joshua Filler of Germany, 11–5, in 2023.

Wu Jia-qing
Wu Jiaqing (simplified Chinese: 吴珈庆; traditional Chinese: 吳珈慶; pinyin: Wú Jiāqìng; born 9 February 1989) is a Taiwanese-born Chinese professional pool player. He is nicknamed the Taishan Shentong ("Little Genius from Taishan"). Since 2011, Wu switched from representing Chinese Taipei to representing the country of China. Previously known as Wu Chia-ching,  the spelling of his name was changed upon moving to mainland China.
1901 Dunedin City Council election
The 1901 Dunedin City Council election was a local election held on 24 April in Dunedin, New Zealand, as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Dunedin for a one year term and 12 city councillors for a two year term. In person voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.

Mayor of Dunedin
The mayor of Dunedin is the head of the local government, the city council of Dunedin, New Zealand. The mayor's role is "to provide leadership to the other elected members of the territorial authority, be a leader in the community and perform civic duties". The mayor is directly elected, using the single transferable vote (STV) system from 2007. The current mayor is Sophie Barker who was elected in 2025.

The mayor has always been elected at large, with the inaugural election in 1865. Up until 1915, the term of mayor was for one year only. From 1915 to 1935, the term was two years. Since the 1935 mayoral election, the term has been three years. The role of deputy mayor was established in 1917.
The city council translates the office and title of mayor as Te Koromatua o Ōtepoti.

The mayoralty is subject to election every three years, the next vote being the 2025 Dunedin mayoral election.
Gordon Sandison (baritone)
George Sandison (3 August 1949 – 3 December 2018) was a Scottish operatic baritone known for his roles in Mozart operas, among others.

Born in Aberdeen, Sandison started his studies at the Glasgow College of Dramatic Art where he received his diploma in speech and drama. A James Caird scholarship enabled him to study music at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music; he then received a bursary to study abroad.

Sandison sang more than 30 roles for the Scottish Opera where he made his debut in 1972. He also appeared for Opera North, Kent Opera, Glyndebourne, Wexford Festival, and in several Gilbert and Sullivan roles at New Sadler's Wells Opera and on BBC television broadcasts. He made his debut at the Royal Opera House in 1984. In later years, he taught voice.

Opera North
Opera North is an English opera company based in Leeds. The company's home theatre is the Leeds Grand Theatre, but it also presents regular seasons in several other cities, at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham, the Lowry Centre, Salford Quays and the Theatre Royal, Newcastle. The company's orchestra, the Orchestra of Opera North, regularly performs and records in its own right. Operas are performed either in English translation or in the original language of the libretto, in the latter case usually with surtitles.

The major funders of Opera North include Arts Council England and, in Yorkshire, Leeds City Council, West Yorkshire Grants, North Yorkshire County Council, and East Riding of Yorkshire Council.
Auguste Clot
Auguste Clot (1858–1936) was a French printer based in Paris and known for his lithographic work with artists including Pierre Bonnard, Maurice Denis, Paul Cézanne, Auguste Rodin, Marie Duhem and Edvard Munch.

Clot was born in Paris in 1858. He began his career working for Lemercier, and founded his own atelier in 1895 or 1896. He often worked with the art dealer and publisher Ambroise Vollard.

Clot died in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Val de Marne in 1936.

Pierre Bonnard
Pierre Bonnard (French: [pjɛʁ bɔnaʁ]; 3 October 1867 – 23 January 1947) was a French painter, illustrator and printmaker, known especially for the stylized decorative qualities of his paintings and his bold use of color. A founding member of the Post-Impressionist group of avant-garde painters Les Nabis, his early work was strongly influenced by the work of Paul Gauguin, as well as the prints of Hokusai and other Japanese artists. Bonnard was a leading figure in the transition from Impressionism to Modernism. He painted landscapes, urban scenes, portraits and intimate domestic scenes, where the backgrounds, colors and painting style usually took precedence over the subject.
Martin Hatcher
E Martin Hatcher (September 19, 1927 – December 27, 2023) was a college professor and Democratic state senator from Colorado, U.S. He served two terms in the state senate, from 1975 to 1983. Born in Ada, Oklahoma, he moved with his family to Denver as a child, then after finishing college he moved to Gunnison, Colorado and began teaching at Western State College (now Western Colorado University), where he taught for 44 years.

Western Colorado University
Western Colorado University (Western or WCU) is a public university in Gunnison, Colorado, United States. It enrolls approximately 3,000 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students, with about 28 percent coming from out of state. Western offers more than 110 undergraduate areas of study and 8 graduate programs, many of which are available through accelerated degree pathways.
Carytown
Carytown is the name of two places in the United States of America:

Carytown, Missouri, a village in Jasper County

Carytown, Richmond, Virginia, a shopping district and neighborhood near Richmond's Museum District

Carytown was also the name of a now-defunct hamlet in the town of Charleston, New York.

Carytown, Richmond, Virginia
Carytown is an urban retail district in Richmond, Virginia; it is along Cary Street at the southern end of the Museum District.  Located west of the historic Fan District, Carytown has an eclectic flavor and includes more than 230 shops, restaurants, and offices.  The Byrd Theatre, a restored movie palace that has operated continuously since 1928, is located in this district.
The Miller's Tale: A Tom Verlaine Anthology
The Miller's Tale: A Tom Verlaine Anthology is a 1996 double-CD compilation album compiled by rock historian Clinton Heylin. It chronicles Verlaine's solo career and his career with Television on one CD (including several obscurities) and an edited live performance from London in 1982 on the other CD.  The title refers to Verlaine's birth surname.

Television (band)
Television was an American rock band formed in New York City in 1973. The group's most prominent lineup consisted of Tom Verlaine (vocals, guitar), Richard Lloyd (guitar), Billy Ficca (drums), and Fred Smith (bass). An early fixture of CBGB and the 1970s New York rock scene, the band is considered influential in the development of punk and alternative rock.

Although they recorded in a stripped-down, guitar-based manner similar to their punk contemporaries, Television's music was by comparison clean, improvisational, and technically proficient, drawing influence from jazz and 1960s rock. The group's 1977 debut album, Marquee Moon, is considered one of the defining releases of the punk era. The group released another album the following year titled Adventure, after which they disbanded, but reunited in 1992 to record a self-titled album. Television disbanded again two years later, but they began occasionally performing live in 2001, continuing until 2023 when Verlaine died.
Kerewan
Kerewan is a town in the Gambia. Located beside the Miniminiyang Bolong, about 60 km from the capital Banjul. It is the seat of the Kerewan Local Government Area (formerly the North Bank Division), located on the north bank of the lower river Gambia.

The population of the Kerewan LGA was 225,516 at the 2013 population census, with about 3,500 people in Kerewan town.

People in the Kerewan LGA are mainly known for agriculture and the main crops are groundnut, rice, maize, and millet.

Gambia River
The Gambia River (formerly known as the River Gambra, French: Fleuve Gambie, Portuguese: Rio Gâmbia) is a major river in West Africa, running 1,120 kilometres (700 mi) from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and The Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul.  It is navigable for about half that length.

The river is strongly associated with The Gambia, the smallest country in mainland Africa, which occupies the downstream half of the river and its two banks.