hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Walker (author)
David Harry Walker CM MBE (9 February 1911 – 5 March 1992) was a Canadian novelist. He was born in Dundee, Scotland, later moving to St Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, where he began his career as a writer. His work has been made into films.

Saint Andrews, New Brunswick
Saint Andrews  is a town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada. The historic town is a national historic site of Canada, bearing many characteristics of a typical 18th century British colonial settlement, including the original grid layout with its market square, and the classical architecture.

Although often shortened in non-official sources to St. Andrews, the town's legal name is spelt Saint Andrews, and appears as such on the town's website; St. Andrews by-the-Sea is a brand used for tourism purposes by the local Chamber of Commerce.

On 1 January 2023, Saint Andrews annexed the local service district of Bayside and Chamcook. Revised census information has not yet been released.
Denham Sutcliffe
W. Denham Sutcliffe (born in Bristol, Pennsylvania in 1913 - died in Gambier, Ohio on February 29, 1964) was an American writer, editor, and professor of English who spent most of his professional life at Kenyon College.

In his 1974 work, What shall we defend?: Essays and addresses, he summarized the importance of a liberal arts education, stating that “Liberal learning is that which underlies, that which gives purpose and direction to practical skills. It tries to distinguish between the more and the less important, between the grand and the trivial, and to concern itself rather with the center than with the periphery.”

Kenyon College
Kenyon College (/ˈkɛnjən/ KEN-yən) is a private liberal arts college in Gambier, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1824 by Episcopal Bishop Philander Chase. It is the oldest private institution of higher education in the state of Ohio and enrolls approximately 1,800 undergraduate students. Students can choose from over 50 majors, minors, and concentrations, including self-designed majors.

The college is located on a hill overlooking the Kokosing River and neighbors Mount Vernon, Ohio. Its 1,000-acre (400 ha) campus is set in rural surroundings that host seven ecosystems. There are more than 120 student clubs and organizations. Kenyon athletes are called Owls and compete in the NCAA Division III North Coast Athletic Conference. Kenyon College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
Zdeněk Skořepa
Zdeněk Skořepa (born August 10, 1976 in Duchcov) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He was selected by the New Jersey Devils in the 4th round (103rd overall) of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft and played for Kingston Frontenacs, Albany River Rats, Detroit Vipers, 1994–1998, but then returned to the Czech republic to play 1999 onwards for various Czech teams. In the 2011-2012 season he played with SK Kadaň.

Kingston Frontenacs
The Kingston Frontenacs are a Canadian major junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League, based in Kingston, Ontario. The Frontenacs play home games at Slush Puppie Place, which opened in 2008. The team's history predates the Ontario Hockey League, to a team known as the Kingston Victorias in 1945. This current Frontenacs franchise was founded in the Ontario Hockey Association in 1973–74, then known as the Kingston Canadians until 1987–88. The team was briefly known as the Kingston Raiders in 1988–89, and as the Frontenacs since.
Swalala
Swalala is a rural settlement in Mbombela Local Municipality in Ehlanzeni District of the Mpumalanga province, South Africa.

During the national census of 2011 it was estimated that the 4.19 km2 village house almost 8,000 inhabitants, of which 99% were Black South Africans with 92% speaking Seswati as their home language.

Swalala is also a popular poem by Samike Ndisya that depicts Swalala as any remote place, mostly inhabited by a poor population.

Swazi language
0–20%

20–40%

40–60%

60–80%

80–100%

<1 /km²

1–3 /km²

3–10 /km²

10–30 /km²

30–100 /km²

100–300 /km²

300–1000 /km²

1000–3000 /km²

>3000 /km²

Swazi or siSwati is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) and South Africa by the Swati people. The number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 4.7 million including first and second language speakers. The language is taught in Eswatini and some South African schools in Mpumalanga, particularly former KaNgwane areas. Siswati is an official language of Eswatini (along with English), and is also one of the twelve official languages of South Africa.

The official term is "siSwati" among native speakers; in English, Zulu, Ndebele or Xhosa it may be referred to as Swazi. siSwati is most closely related to the other Tekela languages, like Phuthi and Northern Transvaal (Sumayela) Ndebele, but is also very close to the Zunda languages: Zulu, Southern Ndebele, Northern Ndebele, and Xhosa.
Don M. Newman
Don Melvin Newman (July 31, 1923 – January 24, 2021) was an American pharmacist who served as the United States Under Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Ronald Reagan from 1985 to 1989. In 1990, he was appointed a United States Representative on the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization, and served until 1994. He attended Purdue University (B.S., 1947), Georgetown University Law Center (J.D., 1979), and Indiana University South Bend (M.S.B.A., 1972; M.B.A., 1989). He died in January 2021, at the age of 97.

In April 1943, he joined the United States Army Air Forces and served as an B-17 Bomber pilot instructor in Columbus, Ohio. After initially serving as an aviation cadet, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He was discharged in 1945.

He was twice the Republican nominee in Indiana's 3rd Congressional District, in 1970 and 1972; he was defeated both times by Democratic incumbent John Brademas.

John Brademas
Stephen John Brademas Jr. (March 2, 1927 – July 11, 2016) was an American politician and educator originally from Indiana. He served as Majority Whip of the United States House of Representatives for the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1981 at the conclusion of a twenty-year career as a member of the United States House of Representatives. In addition to his major legislative accomplishments, including much federal legislation pertaining to schools, arts, and the humanities, he served as the 13th president of New York University (NYU) from 1981 to 1992, and was a member of  and subsequently the chairman of the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In addition he was a board member of the New York Stock Exchange and the Rockefeller Foundation.
Dusík
Dusík, or its variant Dussek, is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jan Dusík (born 1975), Czech politician

Jan Ladislav Dussek (1760–1812), Czech composer and pianist

Katerina Veronika Anna Dusíkova (1769–1833), also known as Veronika Dussek, Czech composer and pianist, sister of J. L. Dussek

Olivia Buckley (1799–1847), also known as Olivia Dussek, English composer and harpist, daughter of J. L. Dussek

Sophia Dussek (1775 – c. 1831), also known as Sophia Corri, Scottish composer, soprano and harpist, wife of J. L. Dussek

Jan Dusík
Jan Dusík (born 25 April 1975) is a Czech activist and former politician. He was Minister of Environment and senior official in the United Nations Environment Programme in Geneva. Since March 2020 he leads sustainable development agenda in the WWF Arctic Programme.
Blue Water (film)
Blue Water is a lost 1924 Canadian silent film directed by David Hartford and starring Pierre Gendron, Jane Thomas, and Norma Shearer. It is the last feature produced by Ernest Shipman, and is the Montreal-born, future MGM star Shearer's only Canadian film. It had a commercial release in Saint John, New Brunswick, where it was shot, but no print is known to exist. The film failed to succeed commercially, marking Shipman's decline in success until his death in 1931. Without being distributed, the film was stored in a New York vault.

The film has no surviving copies, making it a lost film.

Norma Shearer
Edith Norma Shearer (August 11, 1902 – June 12, 1983) was a Canadian-American actress who was active on film from 1919 through 1942. Shearer often played spunky, sexually liberated women. She appeared in adaptations of Noël Coward, Eugene O'Neill, and William Shakespeare, and was the first five-time Academy Award acting nominee, was nominated six times in all, and won one for Best Actress for The Divorcee (1930).

Reviewing Shearer's work, Mick LaSalle called her a feminist pioneer, or "the exemplar of sophisticated modern womanhood and ... the first American film actress to make it chic and acceptable to be single and not a virgin on screen".
MyMusic.com.ng
MyMusic.com.ng is a commercial music download service that aims to provide a legitimate means of digital distribution of Nigerian music. It was founded by three Babcock University alumni; Damola Taiwo (COO and co-founder), Tola Ogunsola (CEO and co-founder) and Dolapo Taiwo (CTO and co-founder).

The service is presented on both mobile and web platforms and features multiple payment methods like the direct airtime credit billing, some of which are catered to deal with the unique challenges of the Nigerian market which is largely a cash only society.

The service aims to help reward Nigerian artists for their creative work and reduce piracy.

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has been reported to be in talks with stakeholders to propose a digital copyright piracy bill to the 8th National Assembly of Nigeria. The bill, called the Nigerian Copyright Act, will impose strict sanctions on digital copyright offenders while aiming to give content owners what is rightfully theirs.

Babcock University
Babcock University is a private Christian co-educational Nigerian university owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Nigeria. The university is located at Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, equidistant between Ibadan and Lagos.

In 2017, the university had its first set of graduates from the Ben Carson School of Medicine.

It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, which is the world's second largest Christian school system.
John Coleman House
The John Coleman House, also known as Grassdale, is a historic plantation house in Eutaw, Alabama, United States.  The two-story wood-frame I-house was built by John Coleman from Edgefield, South Carolina, on property that he settled in 1819.  Coleman held 75 slaves during the 1840 United States census of Greene County.  The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Antebellum Homes in Eutaw Thematic Resource on December 6, 1982, due to its architectural significance.  Coleman family members, as well as many slaves, are buried in a cemetery close to the house.  The house is currently used as a hunting lodge.

Edgefield, South Carolina
Edgefield is a town in and the county seat of Edgefield County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Edgefield had a population of 2,322.

Edgefield is part of the Augusta Metropolitan Area.
Le Truel (power station)
Le Truel is a barrage and hydroelectric power station on the River Tarn in Le Truel in Aveyron, southern France. It is upstream and adjacent to Le Pouget power station and the tail race from Le Pouget empties above the barrage.

The barrage was built in 1959, and the station has two Kaplan turbines generating 22MW.

Tarn (river)
The Tarn (French pronunciation: [taʁn] ⓘ; Occitan: Tarn, Latin: Tarnis, possibly meaning 'rapid' or 'walled in') is a 380.2-kilometre (236.2 mi) long river in the administrative region of Occitania in southern France. It is a right tributary of the Garonne.

The Tarn runs in a roughly westerly direction, from its source at an elevation of 1,550 m (5,090 ft) on Mont Lozère in the Cévennes mountains (part of the Massif Central), through the deep gorges and canyons of the Gorges du Tarn that cuts through the Causse du Larzac, to Moissac in Tarn-et-Garonne, where it joins the Garonne, 4 km (2.5 mi) downstream from the centre of town.

Its basin covers approximately 12,000 square kilometres (4,600 sq mi), and it has a mean flow of approximately 140 cubic metres per second (4,900 cu ft/s).

The Millau Viaduct spans the valley of the Tarn near Millau, and is now one of the area's most popular attractions.
Louis Lacouture
Louis Lacouture (January 22, 1858 – January 16, 1932) was a businessman and political figure in Quebec. He represented Richelieu in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1892 to 1897 as a Conservative.

He was born in Saint-Ours, Canada East, the son of Théophile Lacouture and Julienne Gaudet. He worked for the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company (later Canada Steamship Lines), first as a local agent, then as chief accountant and later as a director. Lacouture founded the Saint Lawrence Navigation Company and the Gaieté Theatre Company. In 1877, he married Célanire Badeau. He did not run for reelection to the Quebec assembly in 1897 and was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1900. Cartier died in Sorel at the age of 73.

Saint-Ours, Quebec
Saint-Ours is a city located in the Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality of Québec (Canada), in the administrative region of Montérégie. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 1,721. Founded in 1650 and originally constituent of the Saint-Ours Parish Municipality, which merged alongside L'Immaculée-Conception-de-Saint-Ours municipality in 1991, Saint-Ours is one of the earliest settlements in Montérégie.  The city is named in honor of Pierre Roch de Saint-Ours, a captain of a company in the regiment of Carignan-Salières, sent by the king to come to the aid of the colonists of New France, in 1665. Pierre de Saint-Ours was the first lord of these lands.
1668 North Anatolia earthquake
Northern Anatolia was struck by a large earthquake on 17 August 1668 in the late morning. It had an estimated magnitude in the range 7.8–8.0 Ms and the maximum felt intensity was IX on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. The epicenter of the earthquake was on the southern shore of Ladik Lake. It caused widespread damage from as far west as Bolu and as far east as Erzincan, resulting in about 8,000 deaths. It is thought to be the most powerful earthquake in Turkey.

Black Sea region
The Black Sea region (Turkish: Karadeniz Bölgesi) (sometimes referred to as Pontus or Pontos) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Samsun. Other big cities are Zonguldak, Trabzon, Ordu, Tokat, Giresun, Rize, Amasya and Sinop.

It is bordered by the Marmara Region to the west, the Central Anatolia Region to the south, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the southeast, the Republic of Georgia to the northeast, and the Black Sea to the north.
Drink, Swear, Steal & Lie
"Drink, Swear, Steal & Lie" is a debut song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Michael Peterson for his first album Michael Peterson. It was released in May 1997 as his debut single, and the first single and reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in August 1997. The song was written by Peterson and Paula Carpenter.

Michael Peterson (album)
Michael Peterson is the debut studio album by the American country music artist Michael Peterson. Released in 1997 on Reprise Records, it features the singles "Drink, Swear, Steal & Lie", "From Here to Eternity", "Too Good to Be True", "When the Bartender Cries" and "By the Book", all of which charted on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. "From Here to Eternity" was a Number One on that chart in late 1997.

AllMusic critic Thom Owens called the album an "engaging set of contemporary country, highlighted by Peterson's warm, welcoming voice." Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly gave it a "B" rating, saying that the production was "lightweight" but that Peterson's performance and the song selection made it "a feel-good dance album."
Drop.io
Drop.io was an online file sharing service. It allowed users to quickly create "drops", which could contain files of any type, and could be accessed via the internet, e-mail, phone, fax, and widgets. The service did not require users to sign up for an account, and each drop was private unless the creator chose to share it. Drop.io was named one of Time magazine's 50 Best Websites of 2009,  and CNET Webware 100.

On October 29, 2010, Drop.io announced that the company had been purchased by Facebook, Inc. and that the service would be shutting down. Sam Lessin, one of the site's founders, would be moving to Facebook. As of 15 December 2010, the site is no longer active; the blog is also down, as of November 2011. As of 2021, https://drop.io redirects to a site owned by Chandler Systems, Inc., an Ohio-based manufacturer of residential and commercial water treatment products.

Computer file
A computer file is a named collection of data treated as a unit by the system that manages it. Today, this system is called a file system. Many older computer systems lacked a distinct file system per se, yet a management feature is required in order to provide a file abstraction.

Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the Internet.

Different types of computer files are designed for different purposes. A file may be designed to store a written message, a document, a spreadsheet, an image, a video, a program, or any wide variety of other kinds of data. Certain files can store multiple data types at once.

By using computer programs, a person can open, read, change, save, and close a computer file. Computer files may be reopened, modified, and copied an arbitrary number of times.
Satellite Town, Lagos
Satellite Town, Lagos is a community and state housing estate located along the Lagos-Badagry Expressway in Amuwo-Odofin local government area of Lagos State. Its ZIP code is 102262. Satellite Town is a historic federal housing estate originally established in the 1960s. While it was once celebrated as a model of structured urban living, the neighborhood has faced significant challenges over the decades with deteriorating road infrastructure and seasonal flooding. Despite these issues, it remains a highly sought-after and fast-growing residential area due to its relatively affordable rent and its proximity to the Lagos-Badagry Expressway and Lagos Trade Fair Complex.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Kapil Parmar
Kapil Parmar (born 23 June 2000) is an Indian para-judo player. He clinched the bronze medal at the 2024 Paralympics and made history by winning India's first Paralympic medal in judo. Parmar has also won gold at the 2019 Commonwealth Championships, gold at the 2023 Grand Prix, bronze at the 2023 World Games and  silver at the 2022 Asian Para Games.

Para judo
Para judo (Paralympic judo) is an adaptation of the Japanese martial art of judo for visually impaired competitors. The rules of the sport are only slightly different from regular judo competitions. It has been part of the Summer Paralympics program since 1988 for men and 2004 for women.
Homeschooling international status and statistics
The legality of homeschooling varies in many countries. Countries with the most prevalent homeschooling movements include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Some countries have highly regulated homeschooling programs as an extension of the compulsory school system; others, such as Germany, have outlawed it entirely. In some other countries, while not restricted by law, homeschooling is not socially acceptable, or is considered undesirable, and is virtually non-existent.

Homeschooling in the United States
Homeschooling in the United States is the practice of educating children at home, where students do not attend a formal school. As a form of alternative education, homeschooling normally takes the form of parents teaching their children through direct tutoring, religious teachings, experimental or unstructured learning methods.

The US has a long tradition of homeschooling, beginning in the colonial period, where families educated their children at home in absence of local schools. In the US today about 3.3% of K-12 age students are homeschooled. The number of homeschoolers in the US has recently increased in the years following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sandra Jackson-Opoku
Sandra Jackson-Opoku (born 1953) is an American poet, novelist, screenwriter, and journalist, whose writing often focuses on culture and travel in the African diaspora. She has been the recipient of several awards, including from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Illinois Arts Council, and the American Antiquarian Society. Her novels include The River Where Blood is Born (1997), which won the American Library Association Black Caucus Award for Best Fiction, and Hot Johnny (and the Women Whom Loved Him), which was an Essence magazine bestseller in hardcover fiction. She has also taught literature and creative writing at educational institutions internationally, including at Columbia College Chicago, the University of Miami, Nova Southeastern University, the Writer's Studio at the University of Chicago, the North Country Institute for Writers of Color, the Hurston-Wright Writers Workshop, and Chicago State University.

Illinois Arts Council
The Illinois Arts Council is a government agency of the state of Illinois formed to encourage development of the arts throughout Illinois.  Founded in 1965 by the Illinois General Assembly, the Illinois Arts Council provides financial and technical assistance to artists, arts organizations, and community organizations with arts programming.
Bihari–LaSalle inequality
The Bihari–LaSalle inequality was proved by the American mathematician
Joseph P. LaSalle (1916–1983) in 1949 and by the Hungarian mathematician
Imre Bihari (1915–1998) in 1956. It is the following nonlinear generalization of Grönwall's lemma.

Let u and ƒ be non-negative continuous functions defined on the half-infinite ray [0, ∞), and let w be a continuous non-decreasing function defined on [0, ∞) and w(u) > 0 on (0, ∞). If u satisfies the following integral inequality,

where α is a non-negative constant, then

where the function G is defined by

and G−1 is the inverse function of G and T is chosen so that

Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.