hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Różan Land
Różan Land (Polish: ziemia różańska), named after the town of Różan, was an administrative unit (ziemia) of the Duchy of Mazovia, Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. With its capital in Rozan, it belonged to Masovian Voivodeship. Rozan Land was divided into two counties: Rozan and Makow Mazowiecki.

The Land of Rozan, which had originally been part of the Castellany of Ciechanow, was established in the second half of the 14th century. Its area was 922 km2, and its boundaries did not change until the second partition of Poland in 1793. Local sejmiks took place at Rozan.

Duchy of Masovia
The Duchy of Masovia was a district principality and a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Poland, existing during the Middle Ages. The state was centered in Mazovia in the northeastern Kingdom of Poland, and during its existence, its capital was located in Płock, Czersk and Warsaw. It was formed in 1138 from the territories of the Kingdom of Poland, following its fragmentation, that was started by the testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth. The country existed in the years: 1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, and 1495–1526, between that time, going through fragmentations of its territory into smaller duchies and its unification. The states formed during its fragmentation were duchies of Kuyavia, Dobrzyń, Czersk, Płock, Warsaw, Rawa and Belz. In 1526, the country was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland.
Kammalar (caste)
Kammalar is a Tamil caste group found in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in northeastern Sri Lanka. The Kammalars are involved in crafting. Kammalar is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tatar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors). Kammalars are classified and listed as Backward Class by both the central government of India and the State governments of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. They worship Vishvakarma and various forms of this deity.

Vishvakarma
Vishvakarma or Vishvakarman (Sanskrit: विश्वकर्मा, lit. 'all maker', IAST: Viśvakarmā) is a craftsman deity and the divine architect of the devas in contemporary Hinduism. In the early texts, the craftsman deity was known as Tvastar and the word "Vishvakarma" was originally used as an epithet for any powerful deity. However, in many later traditions, Vishvakarma became the name of the craftsman god.

Vishvakarma crafted all of the chariots of the devas and weapons including the Vajra of the god Indra. Vishvakarma was related to the sun god Surya through his daughter Sanjna. According to the legend, when Sanjna left her house due to Surya's energy, Vishvakarma reduced the energy and created various other weapons using it. Vishvakarma also built various cities like Lanka, Dvaraka, and Indraprastha. According to the epic Ramayana, the vanara (forest-man or monkey) Nala was the son of Vishvakarma, created to aid the avatar Rama.
Giorgio Demetrio Gallaro
Giorgio Demetrio Gallaro (born 16 January 1948) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as secretary of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches from 25 February 2020 until 15 February 2023. He was the Bishop of the Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi, a diocese of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church in Sicily, Italy from 2015 to 2020, where he remained Apostolic Administrator until 19 June 2023.

Apostolic administration
An apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic administration), or is a diocese, archdiocese, eparchy or similar permanent ordinariate (such as a territorial prelature or a territorial abbacy) that has no mainstay prelate (an apostolic administrator sede vacante, as after an episcopal death, resignation or transfer to another territory) or, in very rare cases, has an incapacitated head (apostolic administrator sede plena). The title also applies to an outgoing incumbent while awaiting for the date of assuming his new position or date of effectivity of a retirement.
Boulder Japan Cup 2025
The 2025 Boulder Japan Cup (BJC) was the 20th edition of the annual competition bouldering event organised by the Japan Mountaineering and Sport Climbing Association (JMSCA), held in Komazawa Olympic Park, Tokyo.

BJC is the sole selection event for Japan’s national bouldering team. Athletes who place highly at the BJC are eligible to compete in the Boulder World Cups, subject to JMSCA's prevailing selection criteria. BJC 2025 was the first domestic competition of the 2025 season. 52 men and 53 women competed, with Sorato Anraku and Miho Nonaka winning the men’s and women’s titles respectively.

Sorato Anraku
Sorato Anraku (安楽 宙斗, Anraku Sorato, born November 14, 2006) is a Japanese rock climber who specializes in competition lead climbing and competition bouldering. In 2023, Anraku became the first climber to win both the Lead Overall World Cup and Boulder Overall World Cup, doing so in his debut senior season. He also won the gold medal in the combined boulder and lead event at the 2022 Asian Games, held in October 2023. He won the silver medal in the combined boulder and lead event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Rifle Creek Dam
Rifle Creek Dam is owned by Mount Isa Mines. A concrete arch dam, it was constructed in 1929 to replace the earlier Experimental Dam (the first arch dam in Queensland, completed in September 1925) as the primary water supply to the town of Mt Isa, and the mine. The initial full supply volume was 600 million gallons (2,727 megalitres), the spillway was raised in 1953, and the current full capacity is 9,500 megalitres. The dam was replaced as Mt Isa's primary water supply by Lake Moondarra following the completion of that dam in 1958. Rifle Creek Dam now serves as a backup water supply for Mt Isa Mines.

Mount Isa Mines
Mount Isa Mines Limited ("MIM") operates the Mount Isa copper, lead, zinc and silver mines near Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia as part of the Glencore group of companies. For a brief period in 1980, MIM was Australia's largest company. It has pioneered several significant mining industry innovations, including the Isa Process copper refining technology, the Isasmelt smelting technology, and the IsaMill fine grinding technology, and it also commercialized the Jameson Cell column flotation technology.
Vilovataya (White Sea)
Vilovataya is a river in the Murmansk Oblast of Russia, which flows directly into the White Sea. According to the Russian state registry of water, it belongs to the "Barents and White Sea basin district". It is 19 kilometres (12 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 91 square kilometres (35 sq mi).

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
Euonymus phellomanus
Euonymus phellomanus (corky spindle) is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae. It is native to China. A substantial deciduous shrub growing to 2–4 m (6.6–13.1 ft) tall by 2.5 m (8.2 ft) broad, it produces insignificant yellow-green flowers in May followed by brilliant pink fruit in autumn. Like other spindles, the fruit break open to reveal bright orange seeds when ripe. A notable feature is the rough corky bark which with age develops "wings" clothing the length of each branch; the element phellos in its name is from the Ancient Greek for cork. A similar effect is seen in the related Euonymus alatus (winged spindle).

In cultivation this hardy plant is very adaptable, accepting moist or dry soil in full or partial sunshine. In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Celastraceae
The Celastraceae, also known as the staff-vine or bittersweet family, are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates, and Parnassia (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates.

Of the 98 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (Brexiella, Evonymopsis, Hartogiopsis, Polycardia, Ptelidium, and Salvadoropsis) are endemic to Madagascar.
Flag of Nebraska
The flag of the U.S. state of Nebraska, was adopted in 1925. It features a blue field with the Nebraskan state seal at its center, rendered in gold and silver colors. The flag was adopted following the introduction of a bill by Representative J. Lloyd McMaster in the former Nebraska House of Representatives.

In 1925, the legislature ratified the design as a state banner. It was officially designated as the state flag in 1963, making Nebraska one of the last states to adopt an official flag.

Nebraska House of Representatives
The Nebraska House of Representatives was the lower house of the Nebraska Legislature during the days when Nebraska was a territory from 1854 to 1867 and then as a state from 1867 to 1936. In 1934, Nebraska voters amended the Nebraska Constitution to reconfigure the Nebraska Legislature to a unicameral system. This system became effective for the 1937 legislative session. In 1854, as the territorial lower house, it had 26 members; in 1858, this number was raised to 39 members. The second state constitution in 1875 limited membership in the House at 100 members, a limit which would be filled by 1881. The last representatives were elected to a two-year term in 1934 and began their service with the final legislative session in 1935.
Domiphen bromide
Domiphen bromide is a chemical antiseptic and a quaternary ammonium compound.

It is also used together with other ingredients in the suspension for the active ingredient ibuprofen, in some children painkiller medicines, besides other ingredients like Maltitol liquid, water, glycerol, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium chloride, sodium saccharin, flavour, xanthan gum, polysorbate 80.

Xanthan gum
Xanthan gum (/ˈzænθən/) is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars by fermentation and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.
Bastienne Schmidt
Bastienne Schmidt (born 1961) is a German  artist who works in painting, large-scale drawing and photography. Since 1989, Schmidt has worked as a freelance photojournalist for German and American newspapers and magazines.

Her work deals with the correlation between the imagination and the "significance of environment", by referencing the psychological as well as the physical space around us.

She has exhibited her work at the International Center of Photography, the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, among other venues.

Corcoran Gallery of Art
The Corcoran Gallery of Art was an art museum in Washington, D.C., at the location where the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design, a part of the George Washington University, is now.

Founded in 1869 by philanthropist William Wilson Corcoran, the gallery was one of the earliest public art museums in the United States.  It held an important collection that became concentrated in American art. In 1890, it started its art school. Its Beaux-Arts style building on The Ellipse was opened in 1897. Due to a prolonged economic shortfall, the Gallery failed in October 2014; pursuant to its founding charter, its art school and building transferred to GWU and the 19,456 works in its collection were distributed to other public museums and institutions in Washington, D.C., primarily the National Gallery of Art.
Mouse (set theory)
In set theory, a mouse is a small model of (a fragment of) Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with desirable properties. The exact definition depends on the context. In most cases, there is a technical definition of "premouse" and an added condition of iterability (referring to the existence of wellfounded iterated ultrapowers): a mouse is then an iterable premouse. The notion of mouse generalizes the concept of a level of Gödel's constructible hierarchy while being able to incorporate large cardinals.

Mice are important ingredients of the construction of core models. The concept was isolated by Ronald Jensen in the 1970s and has been used since then in core model constructions of many authors.

Generally, a mouse exists iff  existsp. 661, although some conventions treat any level of the constructible hierarchy as a passive mouse; its iterated ultrapowers are vacuously well-founded because there are no extenders on its sequence with which to take an ultrapower.

Constructible universe
In mathematics, in set theory, the constructible universe (or Gödel's constructible universe), denoted by  is a particular class of sets that can be described entirely in terms of simpler sets.  is the union of the constructible hierarchy . It was introduced by Kurt Gödel in his 1938 paper "The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum-Hypothesis". In this paper, he proved that the constructible universe is an inner model of ZF set theory (that is, of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice excluded), and also that the axiom of choice and the generalized continuum hypothesis are true in the constructible universe. This shows that both propositions are consistent with the basic axioms of set theory, if ZF itself is consistent. Since many other theorems only hold in systems in which one or both of the propositions is true, their consistency is an important result.
1997 Atlanta mayoral election
The 1997 Atlanta mayoral election occurred on November 4, 1997, with a runoff election held on November 25, 1997.

Since no candidate received a majority in the general election, a runoff election was held between the top-two finishers. Incumbent mayor Bill Campbell won reelection in the runoff.

Majority
A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

It is a subset of a set consisting of more than half of the set's elements. For example, if a group consists of 31 individuals, a majority would be 16 or more individuals, while having 15 or fewer individuals would not constitute a majority.

A majority is different from, but often confused with, a plurality (or relative majority in British English), which is a subset larger than any other subset but not necessarily more than half the set. See the "Related terms" section below for details.
Jasmin Wagner
Jasmin Wagner (pronounced [jasˈmiːn ˈvaːɡnɐ]; born April 20, 1980), better known as Blümchen (pronounced [ˈblyːmçən] ⓘ), is a German pop and dance music singer. While she releases her English-language albums under the name Blossom, her German stage name, Blümchen, translates to "floret" or "small flower."

Soleado
"Soleado" (Spanish: "Sunny") is a mainly instrumental piece of music composed by Ciro Dammicco under the alias "Zacar", based on his earlier composition "Le rose blu" (1972). The song was recorded in 1974 by Dammico's band, the Daniel Sentacruz Ensemble, and presented at that year's edition of Festivalbar. It became an instant hit, selling over five million copies in Europe.
Juan Fernando Cristo
Juan Fernando Cristo Bustos (born 11 July 1964) is a Colombian lawyer and politician. He served as a Colombian Senator from 1998 to 2014, and was Minister of the Interior under Juan Manuel Santos from 2014 to 2017. In this capacity, he played a key role in negotiating and implementing the peace accords signed with FARC. He was reappointed Minister of the Interior in 2024 by President Gustavo Petro.

Senate of Colombia
The Senate of the Republic of Colombia  (Spanish: Senado de la República de Colombia) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia, with the lower house being the Chamber of Representatives. The Senate has 108 members elected for concurrent (non-rotating) four-year terms.
George MacDonald Goldsack
George McDonald Goldsack (18 September 1902 – 16 August 1969) was a British businessman in China and Hong Kong. He was an unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1960 to 1961.

Goldsack was born on 18 September 1902 on 5 Nightingdale Road, Dover, England. He married Charlotte Mernetta Richards (1908–1997) and moved to Shanghai, China for worked for the Dodwell & Co., one of the leading British trading firms in China at that time. During the Second World War they were imprisoned for four years. He was the chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce and the chamber representative in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1960 to 61 until he retired in 1961 and returned to Dover. He died on 16 August 1969 in Benenden, Kent, England.

Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce
The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce (HKGCC; Chinese: 香港總商會) was founded on 29 May 1861, and is the oldest and one of the largest business organizations in Hong Kong. It has around 4,000 corporate members, who combined employ around one-third of Hong Kong's workforce. It is a self-funding, not-for-profit organization that promotes and represents the interests of the Hong Kong business community. A core function of its work is to formulate recommendations on improving the business environment, which its 23 industry-specific committees constantly analyze and make regular submissions to Government of Hong Kong officials and policy makers.

The Chamber's key services are advocacy, events, networking and business services. It also issues Certificates of Origin, ATA Carnet, and Certificate of Business Identity among other business documentation services via its six branches around Hong Kong.
Upper Neelam
Upper Neelam (Also spelled Neelum) (Urdu: نیلم ) is a village in  Neelam District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located 93 km (58 mi) from Muzaffarabad and 9 km (5.6 mi) from Athmuqam Tehsil on the bank of Neelum River at the altitude of 1,524 m (5,000 ft). Keran is 2.5 km (1.6 mile) away from here.

The adjacent village on the other side of the Neelum river in Indian Kashmir. The differentiation of this village to other is the mountain view of the other side is India.

Neelum River
The Neelum River, also known as Kishanganga River, is a river in the Kashmir region in the Indian subcontinent. It originates in the Ganderbal district of Indian-administered Kashmir, flows through the Neelam Valley into Pakistani-administered Kashmir, where parts of its course fall along the Line of Control, before merging with the Jhelum River near the city of Muzaffarabad.
The Challenge: Vets & New Threats
The Challenge: Vets & New Threats is the forty-first season of the MTV reality competition series The Challenge, featuring alumni from Road Rules, The Real World, The Challenge, Survivor (U.S. and Turkey), Love Island (U.S. and UK), Are You the One?, Big Brother (U.S. and Australia), WWE, Too Hot to Handle, Cheer, Married at First Sight (UK), Canada's Ultimate Challenge, and boxing competing for a share of $500,000. A launch special titled "Day Zero" aired on July 23, 2025, followed by the season premiere on July 30, 2025.

Him (2025 film)
Him is a 2025 American supernatural horror film co-written and directed by Justin Tipping. The film stars Marlon Wayans, Tyriq Withers, Julia Fox, Tim Heidecker, and Jim Jefferies. Its plot follows a young up-and-coming football player (Withers) training at the isolated compound of an aging, nearly retired quarterback (Wayans).

Him was released in the United States on September 19, 2025, by Universal Pictures. It received generally negative reviews from critics and grossed $28 million against a budget of $27 million.
Donald Walter Gordon Murray
Donald Walter Gordon Murray, CC (May 29, 1894 – January 7, 1976), also known as "Gordon Murray", was a Canadian cardiac surgeon.

Born in Ontario, he enrolled at the University of Toronto to study medicine in 1914. During World War I, he enlisted as an artilleryman and rose to the rank of sergeant. After the war, he graduated in 1921. In 1927, he started work at the Toronto General Hospital. He is known for performing the first homograft implant into the descending thoracic aorta to treat aortic regurgitation.

In 1967, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada "for his contribution to the development of new surgical procedures and achievements in the field of medical research".

Aortic regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
Ziva (dish)
Ziva (Hebrew: זיוה) is an Israeli dish made of puff pastry topped with  sesame seeds, and stuffed with cheese and olives. Ziva is served at home and in restaurants. Ziva is cooked in a style similar to the Yemenite Malawach but its ingredients more closely resemble börek, both of which are also common in Israel. Ziva is usually served alongside a hot sauce (skhug), eggs and Israeli salad.

Ziva is thought to have been invented by chef Neri Avneri's wife at the Nargilla restaurant in 1989. TasteAtlas listed it as the third lowest-rated Israeli snack.

TasteAtlas
TasteAtlas is an experiential travel online guide for traditional food that collates authentic recipes, food critic reviews, and research articles about popular ingredients and dishes. It features an interactive global food map with dish icons shown in their respective regions and purportedly contains nearly 10,000 dishes, drinks, and ingredients, as well as 9,000 restaurants.
Jacques Guy
Jacques Guy (born 23 November 1944) is a French linguist, living in Australia since 1968. He started undergraduate studies at the École des Langues Orientales (School of Oriental Languages, renamed since to the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales) in Paris, France, focusing on Chinese, Japanese and Tahitian. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis, under the auspices of the Australian National University, on Sakao, a language of Espiritu Santo (located in the island group then called the New Hebrides and now called Vanuatu).

Following this, he turned his attention towards automatic text manipulation and digital taxonomy, working from 1985 at the AI research lab of Telecom Australia (Telstra) in Clayton, a suburb of Melbourne. He remained at Telstra until 1998. His work led him to take an interest in two linguistic enigmas: Rongorongo and the Voynich manuscript.

Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales
The Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃stity nɑsjɔnal de lɑ̃ɡ e sivilizɑsjɔ̃ ɔʁjɑ̃tal]; transl. "National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations"), abbreviated as INALCO, is a French grand établissement with a specializing in the teaching of languages and cultures from the world. Its coverage spans languages of Central Europe, Africa, Asia, America, and Oceania. With 104 languages taught as of 2024, this institution is currently the world's largest provider of language training courses.

It is also informally called "Langues'O" (French: [lɑ̃ɡz‿o]) in French, an abbreviation for Langues orientales.

The INALCO logo is made up of the school's acronym, each part of which is translated into languages written in non-Latin characters, corresponding to Inalco's fields of teaching and research.