hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford
Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford (1378 – 9 August 1449) was an English knight and landowner, from 1400 to 1414 a Member of the House of Commons, of which he became Speaker, then was an Admiral and peer.

He won renown in the Hundred Years' War, fighting in many engagements, including the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. He was an English envoy at the Council of Constance in 1415. In 1417 he was made admiral of the fleet. On the death of Henry V he was an executor of Henry's will and a member of Protector Gloucester's council. He attended the conference at Arras in 1435, and was a Member of the House of Lords sitting as Baron Hungerford from January 1436 until his death in 1449. From 1426 to 1432, he served as Lord High Treasurer. Hungerford's tenure as Treasurer occurred during the Great Bullion Famine and the beginning of the Great Slump in England.

Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)
Admiral of the Fleet (ADMF) is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy, formally established in 1688. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a marshal of the Royal Air Force.  Apart from honorary appointments, no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995, and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014.
Hosokawa Mitsunao
Hosokawa Mitsunao (細川 光尚, October 26, 1619 – January 28, 1650) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period. He was the grandson of the famous Christian convert (Kirishitan), Hosokawa Gracia. His great-grandfather was Hosokawa Fujitaka. His childhood name was Rokumaru (六丸).

Mitsunao was born in 1619, and was the eldest son of Hosokawa Tadatoshi.

In 1637, he joined his father in the effort to subdue the Shimabara Rebellion, and fought with distinction.

Succeeding his father in 1641, he became daimyō of the Kumamoto Domain.

Mitsunao's suppression of the Abe family's revolt in 1642 is famous, due to its fictionalization by Mori Ōgai.

Mori Ōgai
Lieutenant-General Mori Rintarō (森 林太郎; February 17, 1862 – July 8, 1922), known by his pen name Mori Ōgai (森 鷗外; Japanese pronunciation: [mo.ɾʲi (|) oꜜː.ɡai, -ŋai]), was a Japanese Army Surgeon general officer, translator, novelist, poet and father of famed author Mari Mori. He obtained his medical license at a very young age and introduced translated German language literary works to the Japanese public. Mori Ōgai also was considered the first to successfully express the art of western poetry in Japanese. He wrote many works and created many writing styles. The Wild Geese (1911–1913) is considered his major work. After his death, he was considered one of the leading writers who modernized Japanese literature.

His continued obstinacy to recognize beriberi as a thiamine deficiency led to the death of more than 27,000 Japanese soldiers.
Ecotin
In molecular biology, ecotin is a protease inhibitor which belongs to MEROPS inhibitor family I11, clan IN. Ecotins are dimeric periplasmic proteins from Escherichia coli and related Gram-negative bacteria that have been shown to be potent inhibitors of many trypsin-fold serine proteases of widely varying substrate specificity, which belong to MEROPS peptidase family S1. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ecotin has an exogenous target, possibly neutrophil elastase. Ecotin from E. coli, Yersinia pestis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all species that encounter the mammalian immune system, inhibit neutrophil elastase strongly while ecotin from the plant pathogen Pantoea citrea inhibits neutrophil elastase 1000-fold less potently. Ecotins all potently inhibit pancreatic digestive peptidases trypsin and chymotrypsin, while showing more variable inhibition of the blood peptidases Factor Xa, thrombin, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator.

Thrombin
Thrombin (factor IIa, EC 3.4.21.5) is a serine protease that converts fibrinogen into strands of insoluble fibrin, as well as catalyzing many other coagulation-related reactions.

Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) is encoded in the human by the F2 gene. It is proteolytically cleaved during the clotting process by the prothrombinase enzyme complex to form thrombin.
Edgar Lewis (director)
Edgar Lewis (c. 1875 – May 21, 1938) was an American film director. Two of his most famous films were The Great Divide (1925) and The Barrier (1926). He directed early silent films starring Douglas Fairbanks, William Farnum, Mary Pickford, and Norma Talmadge.

The Barrier (1926 film)
The Barrier is a 1926 American silent adventure film produced and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and directed by George Hill a former cinematographer. The film stars Lionel Barrymore, Henry B. Walthall, Norman Kerry and Marceline Day and is based on the 1908 wilderness novel of the same name by Rex Beach. The film  was a breakout role for Day who received praise notices from critics. Previous versions of the novel had been filmed in 1913 and 1917 respectively. This film is the last silent version to be filmed. The Barrier is a lost film.
Paul Bloom (psychologist)
Paul Bloom (born December 24, 1963) is a Canadian-American psychologist. He is the Brooks and Suzanne Ragen Professor Emeritus of psychology and cognitive science at Yale University and Professor of Psychology at the University of Toronto. His research explores how children and adults understand the physical and social world, with special focus on language, morality, religion, fiction, and art.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Hough function
In applied mathematics, the Hough functions are the eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations which govern fluid motion on a rotating sphere. As such, they are relevant in geophysics and meteorology where they form part of the solutions for atmospheric and ocean waves. These functions are named in honour of Sydney Samuel Hough.

Each Hough mode is a function of latitude and may be expressed as an infinite sum of associated Legendre polynomials; the functions are orthogonal over the sphere in the continuous case. Thus they can also be thought of as a generalized Fourier series in which the basis functions are the normal modes of an atmosphere at rest.

Orthogonality
Orthogonality is a term with various meanings depending on the context.

In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity. Although many authors use the two terms perpendicular and orthogonal interchangeably, the term perpendicular is more specifically used for lines and planes that intersect to form a right angle, whereas orthogonal is used in generalizations, such as orthogonal vectors or orthogonal curves.

The term is also used in other fields like physics, art, computer science, statistics, and economics.
Mary Byker
Ian Garfield Hoxley, known by his stage name Mary Byker (a.k.a. Mary Mary) is an English singer, record producer and DJ known for his work as the lead singer of Gaye Bykers on Acid, Pop Will Eat Itself, Pigface and Apollo 440.

Electro Glide in Blue
Electro Glide in Blue is the second studio album by the English electronic music group Apollo 440. It was first released on 3 March 1997 in the United Kingdom by Stealth Sonic Recordings and Epic Records and on 9 September 1997 in the United States by 550 Music. The album features Charles Bukowski, Billy Mackenzie, and a tribute to Gene Krupa; all three of whom had died by the time of the album's release. Its title is a reference to the 1973 film Electra Glide in Blue.
Grace Griffith
Grace Bernadette Griffith (née Sisson; October 30, 1956 – June 5, 2021) was an American folk and Celtic singer based in Washington, D.C. She has been honored with multiple Wammie awards by the Washington Area Music Association. Griffith was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1998, and died of complications from the disease in 2021.

Celtic music
Celtic music is a broad grouping of music genres that evolved out of the folk music traditions of the Celtic people of Northwestern Europe (the modern Celtic nations). It refers to both orally-transmitted traditional music and recorded music and the styles vary considerably to include everything from traditional music to a wide range of hybrids.
Design Matters
Design Matters is a podcast founded and hosted by American writer, educator, artist, and designer Debbie Millman. Founded in 2005, Design Matters is considered "the first and longest running podcast about design". It is now hosted on Design Observer, which is published in partnership with AIGA. Debbie Millman has interviewed over 250 guests including Amanda Palmer, Chris Ware, Malcolm Gladwell, Massimo Vignelli, Steven Heller, Marian Bantjes, Tina Roth Eisenberg, Alain de Botton, Alison Bechdel, and Stefan Sagmeister.

Design Matters won a Cooper Hewitt National Design Award in 2011 and was named one of iTunes Best Podcasts of 2015. The podcast has also been on top of the charts by a number mainstream media publications, such as Business Insider, HGTV, Architectural Digest.

Marian Bantjes
Marian Bantjes (born 1963) is a Canadian designer, artist, illustrator, typographer and writer. Describing her work as graphic art, Marian Bantjes is known for her custom lettering, intricate patterning and decorative style. Inspired by  illuminated manuscripts, Islamic calligraphy, Baroque ornamentation, Marian Bantjes creates detailed work, often combining the forms of her disparate influences.

Marian Bantjes has published two books.
George Angus (footballer)
George Whitfield Angus (15 April 1875 – 16 November 1917) was an Australian rules footballer who played for and coached the Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Angus was a latecomer to the game, making his Collingwood debut at the age of 27 in 1902, having previously fought in the Boer War. He was a member of back-to-back premiership teams in 1902 and 1903. In 1910, Angus was appointed captain-coach of Collingwood and made an immediate impression, leading the club to a grand final victory over Carlton that year.

Angus was appointed captain-coach of Williamstown in the Victorian Football Association in 1912, playing 14 games and kicking 11 goals, before stepping down as captain as a result of illness following an 84-point loss at Brighton in round 15. He was replaced as captain by another former Collingwood player in Bert Reitman, but continued to coach the team for the rest of the season.

1903 VFL grand final
The 1903 VFL grand final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 12 September 1903. It was the 6th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1903 VFL season. The match, attended by 32,263 spectators, was won by Collingwood by a margin of two points, marking that club's second successive premiership victory.

Gerald Brosnan had a chance to win Fitzroy the premiership with a set shot for goal off the last kick of the game but missed narrowly to give Collingwood back-to-back flags.

Collingwood's Jim Addison, playing in just his third game, was the only multiple goalkicker. Both Ern Jenkins and Bert Sharpe of Fitzroy were celebrating their 100th VFL games.
Thiago Augusto
Thiago Augusto Fernandes (born 20 May 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Bahraini Premier League club Al-Riffa. Born in Brazil, Augusto represents the Bahrain national football team internationally.

Bahraini Premier League
The Bahraini Premier League is the main domestic football competition in the kingdom of Bahrain. Currently known as the Nasser bin Hamad Premier League, the first season was held in 1956–1957. The winners of the domestic championship qualify for the AFC Champions League Two. The championship is currently contested by 12 clubs.
Robur
Robur is Latin for "hard timber" or "oak", and, by metaphorical extension, "strength". It can refer to:

Robur the Conqueror, an 1886 novel by Jules Verne, also known as The Clipper of the Clouds
Master of the World (novel), Verne's sequel novel, starring the same character

Quercus robur, the pedunculate oak or English oak tree, a plant species

Robur (truck), an East German truck brand

Robur Carolinum (Latin for Charles' oak), a constellation named by the English astronomer Sir Edmond Halley in 1679

Robur (company), a wholesale coal merchant

Robur (truck)
Robur was a marque of the Volkseigener Betrieb VEB Robur-Werke Zittau of East Germany (GDR). It mainly produced 3-ton trucks. The vehicles were mainly produced in the town of Zittau in what is now South-East Saxony. Until 1946, company produced under the marque Phänomen (English: Phenomenon), and until 1957 under the name VEB Phänomen Zittau.
Muda Station
Muda Station (六田駅, Muda-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ōyodo, Yoshino District,  Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company, Kintetsu Railway.

Yoshino District, Nara
Yoshino (吉野郡, Yoshino-gun) is a district located in Nara Prefecture, Japan.

In 2020, the district had an estimated population of 37,086 and a density of 18.05 persons per km2. The total area is 2,055 km2.

On September 25, 2005, the villages of Ōtō and Nishiyoshino merged into the city of Gojō.
Air officer
An air officer is an air force officer of the rank of air commodore or higher. Such officers may be termed "officers of air rank". While the term originated in the Royal Air Force, air officers are also to be found in many Commonwealth nations who have a similar rank structure to the RAF.

Air officers holding command appointments receive the title Air Officer Commanding (AOC), whereas air officers holding commander-in-chief positions are titled as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C).

Air Officer Scotland
Air Officer Scotland is the senior Royal Air Force officer in Scotland, held since March 2025 by Air Commodore Mark J. Northover.

In 1962, the Air Officer Scotland role assumed responsibility for Northern Ireland, becoming Air Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland.

In December 1994 the AOSNI post departed Pitreavie Castle (the AOC Northern Maritime Air Region post was being disestablished). The station commander of RAF Leuchars became an air commodore with the additional role of being Air Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland.

The Royal Navy equivalent is Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland while the British Army equivalent is General Officer Scotland.
Small nucleolar RNA TBR4
Small nucleolar RNA TBR4 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in Trypanosoma brucei which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA TBR4 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family direct site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

TBR4 was one of seventeen snoRNAs identified in Trypanosoma brucei by immunoprecipitation with anti-fibrillarin antibodies. Together with TBR12, TBR6 and TBR2 it is a part of snoRNA gene cluster that is tandemly repeated. These 4 snoRNA genes are transcribed as a polycistronic RNA transcript.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Namulonge Airport
Namulonge Airport, also referred to as Namulonge Airstrip, is a small civilian serving airstrip at Namulonge Agronometeorology Station near the town of Namulonge in the Wakiso District of Uganda, 75 kilometres (47 mi) north of central Kampala. The narrow runway is also used as a road and also surrounded by plowed fields of the agricultural research station.

The station has an automated airport weather station (AWOS) system installed. The "HUNA" ICAO airport code may be no longer active.

Automated airport weather station
Airport weather stations are automated sensor suites which are designed to serve aviation and meteorological operations, weather forecasting and climatology. Automated airport weather stations have become part of the backbone of weather observing in the United States and Canada and are becoming increasingly more prevalent worldwide due to their efficiency and cost-savings.
Euler's identity
In mathematics, Euler's identity (also known as Euler's equation) is the equality

where

is Euler's number, the base of natural logarithms,

is the imaginary unit, which by definition satisfies , and

is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. It is a special case of Euler's formula  when evaluated for . Euler's identity is considered an exemplar of mathematical beauty, as it shows a profound connection between the most fundamental numbers in mathematics.

Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level. Members include university, college, and high school teachers; graduate and undergraduate students; pure and applied mathematicians; computer scientists; statisticians; and many others in academia, government, business, and industry.

The MAA was founded in 1915 and is headquartered at 11 Dupont in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The organization publishes mathematics journals and books, including the American Mathematical Monthly (established in 1894 by Benjamin Finkel), the most widely read mathematics journal in the world according to records on JSTOR.
Lissolo-Sobara
Lissolo-Sobara is a village in north-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Bassawa, Dabakala Department, Hambol Region, Vallée du Bandama District. Lissolo-Sobara is located near the tripoint of the Vallée du Bandama, Lacs, and Zanzan Districts.

Lissolo-Sobara was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Lacs District
Lacs District (French: District des Lacs; pronounced [lak], "Lakes") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the central part of the country. The capital of the district is Dimbokro.
Mike Reichenbach (American football)
Jon Michael Reichenbach (born September 14, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football for the East Stroudsburg Warriors.

East Stroudsburg Warriors
The East Stroudsburg Warriors are the athletic teams that represent East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, located in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports.

The Warriors are members of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) for all eighteen varsity sports and have been members of the PSAC since its foundation in 1951.
Mirador (Maya site)
Mirador is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the northwestern corner of the Central Chiapas Depression in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. It is located alongside the La Venta River near the town of Vicente Guerrero in Jiquipilas.

Mirador had its cultural peak from the Middle Formative to Early Classic periods from around 500 BCE to 400 AD, however, the site has a history of settlement dating back to 1200 BCE. Mirador existed alongside several ancient Zoquean cities throughout the Central Depression during this time, including Chiapa de Corzo, Santa Rosa, La Libertad, Ocozocoautla, and San Isidro.

Ocozocoautla de Espinosa
Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, colloquially Coita, is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is located in the western part of the state, 24 km west of Tuxtla Gutierrez covering parts of the Depresión Central (Central Depression) and the Montañas del Norte (Northern Mountains). It is bordered to the north by Tecpatán, to the east by Berriozábal, Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Suchiapa, to the south by Villaflores and to the west by Jiquipilas and Cintalapa. The name comes from the Nahua language and means 'forest of ocozote trees'. 'De Espinosa' was added in 1928 to honor Raymundo Enríquez Espinosa who was the first governor of the state of Chiapas. Ocozocoautla gained city status in 1926. The climate is warm and humid and the vegetation is mostly high and medium rainforest. In 2023, Ocozocoautla was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.
Louis-Henri Brévière
Louis-Henri Brévière (15 December 1797, in Forges-les-Eaux – 2 June 1869, in Hyères) was a French engraver. He became known for reviving wood-engraving using a burin; which had fallen into neglect since the seventeenth century.

Forges-les-Eaux
Forges-les-Eaux (French pronunciation: [fɔʁʒ le.z‿o]; Norman: Forges-les-iaux) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune of Le Fossé was merged into Forges-les-Eaux.
Malżyn
Malżyn [ˈmalʐɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipnik, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Lipnik, 10 km (6 mi) south of Opatów, and 61 km (38 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.