hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Lights that Failed
The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919–1933 is the first of two volumes on the political and diplomatic history of Europe between the World Wars (1919–1939) and is part of the Oxford History of Modern Europe series.

Richard J. Evans
Sir Richard John Evans FRSL FRHistS FBA FLSW (born 29 September 1947) is a British historian of 19th- and 20th-century Europe with a focus on Germany. He is the author of eighteen books, including his three-volume The Third Reich Trilogy (2003–2008). Evans was Regius Professor of History at the University of Cambridge from 2008 until he retired in 2014, and President of Cambridge's Wolfson College from 2010 to 2017. He has been Provost of Gresham College in London since 2014.
Evans was appointed Knight Bachelor for services to scholarship in the 2012 Birthday Honours.
Manara Valgimigli
Manara Valgimigli (9 July 1876, in San Piero in Bagno – 28 August 1965, in Vilminore di Scalve) was an Italian classical philologist and Greek scholar, best remembered for his book Poeti e filosofi di Grecia (1965), which won a Viareggio Prize in non-fiction. A graduate of the University of Bologna, he taught Greek literature at the University of Messina and the University of Pisa. A member of the Italian Socialist Party, he was one of several prominent signatories of the Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals in 1925.

Bagno di Romagna
Bagno di Romagna (Bagnese: Bagne ed Romàgna; Romagnol: Bagn d'Rumàgna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Forlì. Bagno di Romagna borders the following municipalities: Bibbiena, Chiusi della Verna, Mercato Saraceno, Poppi, Pratovecchio, Santa Sofia, Sarsina, Verghereto.

A renowned centre for thermal cares (due to various natural springs that supply water at 47 °C, rich in sodium-carbonate-sulphur micro-elements) and nature tourism (due to its proximity of a 368 square kilometres (142 sq mi) national park, namely the Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna National Park, with woodlands, kilometers of paths in the woods, mountains and a major artificial lake. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Turiasaurus
Turiasaurus (meaning "Turia lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaurs. It is known from a single fossil specimen representing the species Turiasaurus riodevensis, found in the Kimmeridgian Villar del Arzobispo Formation of Teruel, Spain.

Kimmeridgian
In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 154.8 ±0.8 Ma and 149.2 ±0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian and precedes the Tithonian.
Shaukat Hussein Mazari
Shaukat Hussein Khan Mazari (1948–2008) was a prominent figure in the provincial politics of the Punjab, province of Pakistan. He died on 14 November 2008.

He was studied in Sadiq Public School Bahawal Pur. He went to England for Higher Education. He was known as Awam Dost leader. People loved him for his support and kind behaviour. He is the man who supported Dost Muhammad Mazari in his early stages of political journey. Dost Muhammad Mazari got elected MNA by his support.

He was elected as a Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA) from Rojhan-Mazari three times and has also served in the capacity of a provincial minister for a few days in 1977. Before his death, Mazari was serving as the Deputy Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Kirk Springs
Kirk Edward Springs (born August 16, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for five seasons with the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Miami RedHawks.

Springs' most memorable NFL play came in a Monday Night Football contest at New Orleans on November 21, 1983, when he returned a Russell Erxleben punt 76 yards for a touchdown with less than four minutes remaining to lift the Jets to a 31–28 victory over the New Orleans Saints. The Jets scored 17 unanswered points in the fourth quarter to deny the Saints their first MNF victory. The loss eventually cost the Saints their first winning season and playoff berth, as New Orleans finished 8–8 under Bum Phillips.

Bum Phillips
Oail Andrew "Bum" Phillips Jr. (September 29, 1923 – October 18, 2013) was an American football coach at the high school, college and professional levels. He served as head coach in the National Football League (NFL) for the Houston Oilers from 1975 to 1980 and the New Orleans Saints from 1981 to 1985.
Mulam language
The Mulam language (Chinese: 仫佬; pinyin: Mùlǎo) is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Luocheng County, Hechi, Northern Guangxi by the Mulao people. The greatest concentrations are in Dongmen and Siba communes. Their autonym is mu6 lam1. The Mulam also call themselves kjam1, which is probably cognate with lam1 and the Dong people's autonym "Kam" (Wang & Zheng 1980).

Mulao people
The Mulao people (Chinese: 仫佬族; pinyin: Mùlǎo zú; own name: Mulam) are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. In their name, Mulam, mu6 is a classifier for human beings and lam1 (in some dialects it is kyam1) is another form of the name used by the Dong (Kam), to whom the Mulao people are ethnically related. A large portion of the Mulao in Guangxi live in Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County of Hechi, Guangxi, China. As of the 2020 Chinese Census, there are 277,233 Mulao people in China, comprising about 0.019% of China's total population.
Rivière-Nipissis
Rivière-Nipissis (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ nipisis]) is an unorganized territory in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality.

The eponymous Nipissis River is a left tributary of the Moisie River, with its source north of Lake Siamois. Nipissis, first identified as such in 1892 by surveyor Vincent, comes from the Innu language meaning "small body of water" or "small stream". In previous centuries, the river was also known as Little Saguenay and Moisie River East Branch.

Unorganized area
An unorganized area or unorganized territory (French: Territoire non organisé) is any geographic region in Canada that does not form part of a municipality or Indian reserve. In these areas, the lowest level of government is provincial or territorial.  In some of these areas, local service agencies may have some of the responsibilities that would otherwise be covered by municipalities.
David Williams (minister, born 1709)
David Williams (1709 – 5 April 1784) was an independent minister and schoolmaster. His pupils included the philosopher David Williams, with whom he is sometimes confused.

Williams was born in Pwll-y-pant near Caerphilly.  He studied for the ministry at the Carmarthen Academy, and in 1734 became minister of a chapel in Cardiff.  In 1739, he took over the newly built "Watford" chapel, where he entertained Howell Harris shortly afterwards.  Williams and Harris later quarrelled, and the Methodist members of Williams' congregation formed a separate unit.  His first wife, Mary, died in 1745, and he remarried, another Mary.  One of his sons, Thomas Williams, took over from him as minister at Watford.

Carmarthen
Carmarthen (UK: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən, locally /kɑːrˈ-/ kar-; Welsh: Caerfyrddin [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn], 'Merlin's fort' or possibly 'Sea-town fort') is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy 8 miles (13 km) north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 14,636, and the built up area had a population of 16,455. It stands on the site of a Roman town, and has a claim to be the oldest town in Wales. In the middle ages it comprised twin settlements: Old Carmarthen around Carmarthen Priory and New Carmarthen around Carmarthen Castle. The two were merged into one borough in 1546. It was the most populous borough in Wales in the 16th–18th centuries, described by William Camden as "chief citie of the country". It was overtaken in size by the mid-19th century, following the growth of settlements in the South Wales Coalfield.
1999 Mercedes-Benz Cup – Doubles
Patrick Rafter and Sandon Stolle were the defending champions, but Rafter did not compete this year. Stolle teamed up with Wayne Black and lost in the semifinals to Byron Black and Wayne Ferreira.

Byron Black and Ferreira won the title by defeating Goran Ivanišević and Brian MacPhie 6–2, 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Brian MacPhie
Brian MacPhie (born May 11, 1972) is an American former professional tennis player.

Primarily a doubles specialist, he and Cary Lothringer won the 1989 Boys' Junior National Tennis Championship Boys' 18 doubles title against Steve Campbell and Rick Witsken. MacPhie won seven doubles titles in his pro career, achieving a ranking of world No. 22 in 2002. He played collegiately for the University of Southern California.

MacPhie is now coaching tennis to juniors and adults in Austin, Texas at Westwood County Club.
Super Daddy Yeol
Super Daddy Yeol (Korean: 슈퍼대디 열; RR: Syupeodaedi Yeol) is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Lee Dong-gun, Lee Yu-ri and Lee Re. Based on the same-titled Daum webtoon by Lee Sang-hoon and Jin Hyo-mi, it aired on tvN from March 13 to May 2, 2015 on Fridays and Saturdays at 20:30 for 16 episodes.

Daum (web portal)
Daum (Korean: 다음) is a South Korean web portal. Daum was founded in 1995 and launched on December 20th, 1995 by the company Daum Communications.  It also offers a variety of services, including cloud storage (Daum Cloud), Daum Dictionary (for mobile devices), Daum Comics, and map service (Daum Maps).

Daum Kakao is the company behind the Kakao messaging service and Daum is a Korean web portal with many services.
Adili Wuxor
Adili Wuxor (Uyghur: ئادىل ھوشۇر, romanized: Adil Hoshur; Chinese: 阿迪力·吾休尔; pinyin: Ādílì·Wúxiū'ěr; born July 1, 1971) is a Chinese tightrope walker who was reported to have set a new world record on July 1, 2010, after he spent 60 days walking on a tightrope in the Bird's Nest Stadium. Wuxor is an ethnic Uighur from Xinjiang Province. He has been dubbed the "Prince of tightrope walking" by national and international media.

World record
A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book Guinness World Records and other world records organizations collates and publishes notable records of many.
Southern Railway 1643
Southern Railway 1643 is a preserved A-7 class 0-6-0 "Switcher" type steam locomotive, built in September 1905 by the American Locomotive Company's (ALCO) Pittsburg Works for the Southern Railway (SOU).

In 1952, the locomotive was sold to the Morehead and North Fork Railroad (M&NF) in Morehead, Kentucky, were it was renumbered to No. 12, the locomotive operated on the Morehead line, until the company dieselized in 1963. After the locomotive was retired, it was put into storage in one of the railroad's engine sheds. In 2011, No. 12 was purchased by Jerry Jacobson, who moved it to his Age of Steam Roundhouse building in Sugarcreek, Ohio. The locomotive was restored to operating condition on 2018, and it moved under steam for the first time in the 21st century on July 16.

Dieselisation
Dieselisation (US: dieselization) is the process of equipping vehicles with a diesel engine or diesel engines.

It can involve replacing an internal combustion engine powered by petrol (US: gasoline) fuel with an engine powered by diesel fuel, as occurred on a large scale with trucks, buses, farm tractors, trains, and building construction machinery after World War II. Alternatively it can involve replacing the entire plant or vehicle with one that is diesel-powered; the term commonly describes the generational replacement between the 1930s to 1970s of railway steam locomotives with diesel locomotives, and associated facilities.
HMS Norwich (1693)
HMS Norwich was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Deptford (a commercial yard, not the Royal Dockyard) on 24 August 1693. The last of seven 50-gun ships ordered during 1692, she was given the name of Norwich following the loss of the previous 50-gun ship of that name (which had been launched in 1691) on 6 October 1692.

She arrived at Chatham Dockyard on 15 October 1712 to be rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment, relaunching on 20 May 1718. In 1744 she was reduced to a 44-gun fifth rate and renamed HMS Enterprise on 23 May 1744.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Husky (rapper)
Dmitry Nikolayevich Kuznetsov (Russian: Дми́трий Никола́евич Кузнецо́в; born February 10, 1993), better known by his stage name Husky (Russian: Хаски), is a Russian rapper from Ulan-Ude. His music is known for its use of somber and evocative lyricism, complex rhyming schemes, and musical techniques like assonance and alliteration. His provocative songs are known for being poetically contradictory to his gopnik image.

Kerch Polytechnic College massacre
On 17 October 2018, a school shooting and bombing attack occurred in Kerch, Crimea. The perpetrator, 18-year-old student Vladislav Roslyakov, killed 20 people and wounded 67 others before taking his own life. It was the deadliest school shooting in Russia or Ukraine since the 2004 Beslan school siege.
Karsteniomyces
Karsteniomyces is a genus of lichenicolous fungi of unknown familial, ordinal, and class placement in the Ascomycota. The genus was circumscribed by David Leslie Hawksworth in 1980. The species of this genus are found in Europe.

The genus name of Karsteniomyces is in honour of Petter Adolf Karsten (1834–1917), who was a Finnish born mycologist.

The genus was circumscribed by David Leslie Hawksworth in Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) vol.9 (Issue 1) on page 22 in 1981.

Species known;.

Karsteniomyces llimonae Boqueras & Diederich (1993)

Karsteniomyces peltigerae (P.Karst.) D.Hawksw. (1980)

Karsteniomyces tuberculosus Alstrup & D.Hawksw. (1990) – Greenland

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Simeon Singer
Simeon Singer (1846–1906) was an English Rabbi, preacher, lecturer and public worker. He is best known for his English translation of the Authorised Daily Prayer Book, informally known as the "Singer's Siddur".

Isaac Hirsch Weiss
Isaac (Isaak) Hirsch Weiss, also Eisik Hirsch Weiss (Hebrew: יצחק הירש ווייס) (9 February 1815 – 1 June 1905), was an Austrian Talmudist and historian of literature born at Groß Meseritsch, Habsburg Moravia.

After having received elementary instruction in Hebrew and Talmud in various chadorim of his native town, he entered, at the age of eight, the yeshiva of Moses Aaron Tichler (founded at Velké Meziříčí in 1822), where he studied Talmud for 5 years. He then studied at home under a tutor, and later in the yeshiva of Trebitsch, Moravia, under Ḥayyim Joseph Pollak, and in that of Eisenstadt, Hungary under Isaac Moses Perles, returning to his home town in 1837.
Broadway–City Hall station
Broadway–City Hall is an underground station on the Canada Line of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is located at the intersection of West Broadway and Cambie Street in Vancouver, British Columbia and is within walking distance of Vancouver City Hall, City Square Shopping Centre, Vancouver General Hospital and related facilities, as well as the surrounding Fairview and Mount Pleasant neighbourhoods.

City Square Shopping Centre
City Square Shopping Centre is a mall across the street from City Hall in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the heart of the heritage district of central Vancouver, on the northwest corner of 12th Avenue and Cambie Street.

City Square Shopping Mall and office complex was inaugurated in 1989 and is an example of adaptive reuse of heritage buildings.
Alexander Yaw Debrah
Alexander Yaw Debrah is a parasitology and global health researcher at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Kumasi, Ghana. His research focuses on the molecular epidemiology of parasitic diseases, immunogenetics, and the control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). He serves as the Dean of the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences at KNUST and leads the Filariasis Research Group at the Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR). Debrah also directs TAKeOFF, a research consortium funded by the German government, which focuses on the elimination of filarial infections in Ghana, Tanzania, and Cameroon.

Filariasis
Filariasis is a filarial infection caused by parasitic nematodes (roundworms) spread by different vectors. They are included in the list of neglected tropical diseases.

The most common type is lymphatic filariasis caused by three species of Filaria that are spread by mosquitoes. Other types of filariasis are onchocerciasis also known as river blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus; Loa loa filariasis (Loiasis) caused by Loa loa; Mansonelliasis caused by three species of Mansonella, and  Dirofilariasis caused by two types of Dirofilaria. All of these worms belong to the superfamily Filarioidea.
Janina Ipohorska
Janina Ipohorska (August 15, 1914 – September 19, 1981) was a Polish painter and writer. She wrote under the pseudonyms Jan Kamyczek, Alojzy Kaczanowski and Bracia Rojek.

She was born in Lviv and was educated at the University of Lviv. She also studied painting with Felicjan Kowarski at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. She later lectured on costume design at the Academy for three years.

Ipohorska co-founded of the Przekrój weekly magazine and wrote the advice column "Demokratyczny savoir-vivre". She published a book based on her column Grzeczność na co dzień ("Everyday politeness") in 1956.

She also designed sets and costumes for the theatre and translated French literature into Polish.

She was screenwriter for Kapitan Sowa na tropie, the first Polish crime fiction television series.

Ipohorska died in Rabka at the age of 67.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Lecanora lichexanthona
Lecanora lichexanthona is a species of crustose and saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen  in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2000 by lichenologist Roland Guderley. The type specimen was collected by Klaus Kalb in a closed cerradão between Rio Verde de Mato Grosso and Coxim where it was found growing on siliceous rock. The specific epithet lichexanthona refers to the presence of the chemical lichexanthone as a major secondary in the lichen. Other compounds in the lichen are atranorin, hybocarpone, constipatic acid, and norlichexanthone (the last three occurring as minor compounds). Lecanora lichexanthona is only known to occur in cerradão formations in central Brazil, at altitudes between 500 and 850 m (1,640 and 2,790 ft).

Siliceous rock
Siliceous rocks are sedimentary rocks that have silica (SiO2) as the principal constituent. The most common siliceous rock is chert; other types include diatomite. They commonly form from silica-secreting organisms such as radiolarians, diatoms, or some types of sponges.
Carla Piluso
Carla Piluso (born 1955/56) is an American politician and former police officer. She was the first woman to serve as chief of the Gresham Police Department in Gresham, Oregon. In 2014, she won election as a Democrat to the Oregon House of Representatives, representing District 50. Piluso served in the Gresham Police Department for 30 years, beginning in 1979. She is also on the school board for the Gresham-Barlow School District. She was an unsuccessful candidate for Multnomah County commissioner in 2008.

Multnomah County, Oregon
Multnomah County /mʌltˈnoʊmə/ ⓘ is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 815,428. Multnomah County is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The state's smallest and most populous county, its county seat, Portland, is the state's most populous city.
Plourin-lès-Morlaix
Plourin-lès-Morlaix (French pronunciation: [pluʁɛ̃ lɛ mɔʁlɛ], literally Plourin near Morlaix; Breton: Plourin-Montroulez) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. It lies within the arrondissement of Morlaix.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Sophienlund
Sophienlund is a 1943 German comedy film directed by Heinz Rühmann and starring Harry Liedtke, Käthe Haack and Hannelore Schroth. It was based on a play of the same title by Helmut Weiss and Fritz von Woedtke. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin and on location around the baroque Buckow Castle. The film's sets were designed by the art director Willi Herrmann. The 1956 Austrian film Engagement at Wolfgangsee was an Agfacolor remake directed by Helmut Weiss.

Buckow
Buckow (German pronunciation: [ˈbʊkoː] or [ˈbuːkoː] ⓘ; Polish: Buków) is a town in the Märkisch-Oderland district, in Brandenburg, Germany. The water cure resort is the administrative seat of the Amt (municipal association) Märkische Schweiz and located in the centre of the eponymous hill range, which has been part of the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park protected area since 1990.