hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudothyatira
Pseudothyatira is a monotypic moth genus of the family Drepanidae first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1864. Its only species, Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides, the tufted thyatirid moth, was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America in Newfoundland, British Columbia, northern California, Maryland, West Virginia, Kansas and North Carolina.

The wingspan is 38–44 mm. The moth flies from June to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Betula nigra, Betula populifolia and Prunus virginiaca.

Betula populifolia
Betula populifolia, known as the gray (or grey) birch, is a deciduous tree in the family Betulaceae. It is native to eastern North America and is most commonly found in the northeast United States as well as southern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. The tree is a pioneer species that is commonly found in sites following disturbance, such as fire or logging. Gray birches don't have as much economic value as other birch species but are still commonly used as ornamental trees.
Century III Mall
Century III Mall was a large enclosed shopping mall located along Route 51 in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, about 10 miles southeast of downtown Pittsburgh. It operated from October 1979 until its closure in February 2019. Demolition began on March 26, 2024, and is expected to finish in 2026, seven years after its closure.

Planned in 1976, the mall was built on a former slag dump. Anchor stores included Kaufmann's, Gimbels, JCPenney, Sears, and Montgomery Ward.

It was the third-largest shopping mall in the world when it opened, but was surpassed by much larger malls. The mall was developed and owned by Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation. A 1996 merger between the mall's developer, now known as the DeBartolo Realty Corporation, and Simon Property Group, brought Century III Mall under the Simon DeBartolo Group heading, who owned the mall until 2011. The mall was later acquired by Las Vegas-based Moonbeam Capital Investments LLC.

Lazarus (department store)
Lazarus was an American department store chain founded in 1851 by Simon Lazarus. It was headquartered in Columbus, Ohio, and operated throughout the Midwest. The store was a founding partner of the Federated Department Stores holding company in 1929. Federated rebranded the chain as Lazarus–Macy's in 2003, and dissolved Lazarus completely with its full conversion to Macy's in 2005.
2009 Thai Premier League
The Thai Premier League 2009 was the thirteenth season of the Premier League since its establishment in 1996. A total of 16 teams competed in the league, with PEA FC as the defending champions.

Muang Thong United took the league championship with two games remaining, the first ever team to win the championship in their debut appearance in the top flight.

Nakhon Pathom, Sriracha and Chula United were relegated to the 1st Division.

Police Tero F.C.
Police Tero Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลโปลิศ เทโร), formerly known as BEC-Tero Sasana, is a Thai professional football club based in Lak Si, Bangkok. The club finished runners-up in the inaugural AFC Champions League competition in 2003. BEC-Tero Sasana Football Club merged with Police United Football Club in the 2017 season and changed its official name to Police Tero Football Club in the 2018 season.

The club has won 2 Thai League 1 titles, 1 Kor Royal Cup and 1 Thai League Cup. They were also the finalist in the 2002–03 AFC Champions League campaign.
1448 Yellow River flood
The 1448 Yellow River flood was a major natural disaster affecting over 2000 li (about 700 miles) of the Yellow River. The flood threatened to destroy the Grand Canal port of Linqing and led to the Ming dynasty constructing major public works in Shawan to prevent a recurrence. The banks and dikes only lasted four years until the 1452 flood.

Linqing
Linqing (simplified Chinese: 临清; traditional Chinese: 臨清; pinyin: Línqīng) is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Liaocheng in western Shandong Province, China.
Small nucleolar RNA Z43
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z43 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Z43 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Plant snoRNA Z43 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Five Houses of Chan
The Five Houses of Chan (also called the Five Houses of Zen) were the five major schools of Chan Buddhism that originated during Tang China.  Although at the time they were not considered formal schools or sects of Buddhism, they are now regarded as important schools in the history of Chan Buddhism.  Most Chan lineages throughout Asia and the rest of the world originally grew from or were heavily influenced by the original five houses of Chan.

School of thought
A  school of thought, or intellectual tradition, is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement.
Soskin
Soskin (masculine, Russian: Соскин) or Soskina (feminine, Russian: Соскина) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Betty Reid Soskin (1921–2025), American ranger

Mark Soskin (born 1953), American jazz pianist

Paul Soskin (1905–1975), Russian–born English screenwriter and film producer

Renee Soskin (1916–1998), British teacher and politician

Selig Soskin (1873–1959), Israeli agronomist

Betty Reid Soskin
Betty Reid Soskin (née Charbonnet; September 22, 1921 – December 21, 2025) was an American ranger with the National Park Service, assigned to the Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park in Richmond, California. Until her retirement on March 31, 2022, at the age of 100, she was the oldest serving National Park Service ranger in the United States.
Back When I Knew It All
Back When I Knew It All is the sixth studio album by the American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It was released by Columbia Records Nashville on June 10, 2008 (see 2008 in country music). The album's lead-off single, also its title track, became their fourth Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts in July 2008, as did "Roll with Me", the second single, in December 2008. The third single "One in Every Crowd" was released in February 2009, followed by the fourth single "Long Line of Losers" on June 22, 2009.

Five for Fighting
Vladimir John Ondrasik III (born January 7, 1965), known professionally as Five for Fighting, is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. He is best known for his piano-based soft rock, such as the top 40 hits "Superman (It's Not Easy)" (2001), "100 Years" (2003), and "The Riddle" (2006). He also had a string of moderate hits on the adult contemporary charts in the late 2000s and into the 2010s, including "World" (2006) and "Chances" (2009).

Ondrasik has recorded six studio albums, one EP, and several live albums as Five for Fighting. Ondrasik's song "Superman" was nominated for a Grammy in 2002. The singer has had songs featured in 350 films, TV shows, and advertisements. As of 2025, Five for Fighting's music has over one billion streams.
Biomarkers (journal)
Biomarkers is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on biomarkers. It is published by Taylor & Francis and the editor-in-chief is Martin Möckel  (Charité). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 2.016.

Biomarker
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields.
Lucimar de Moura
Lucimar Aparecida de Moura (born 22 March 1974 in Timóteo, MG) is a female track and field athlete from Brazil, who competes in the sprint events. She represented her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, and won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games (French: XIII Jeux panaméricains) or the 13th Pan American Games and commonly known as Winnipeg 1999, were a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially began. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated in the games to vie for a total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.

Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.

The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Emily Borrell
Emily Borrell Cruz (born 19 February 1992) is a Cuban female volleyball player. She is a member of the Cuba women's national volleyball team and played for Villa Clara in 2014.

She was part of the Cuban national team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, and the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy.

2014 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Women's World Championship was the seventeenth edition of the competition, contested by the 24 senior women's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The final tournament was held from 23 September to 12 October 2014 in Italy.

The United States won their first world title, defeating China in four sets at the final. Reigning Olympic champions Brazil won the 3rd place match, defeating Italy in five sets. Kimberly Hill was selected Most Valuable Player.
2024 Porto Open
The 2024 Porto Open, known as the Eupago Porto Open, was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the eighteenth (men) and twenty-first (women) editions of the tournament, which were part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Porto, Portugal, between 15 and 21 July 2024 for women
and 29 July and 4 August 2024 for men.

Kateryna Volodko
Kateryna Volodymyrivna Volodko (née Bondarenko; Ukrainian: Катерина Володимирівна Бондаренко; born 8 August 1986) is a tennis player from Ukraine. Her career-high rankings are world No. 29 in singles and No. 9 in doubles. She was the doubles champion at the 2008 Australian Open, partnering her sister Alona Bondarenko.

Her best Grand Slam performance in singles was reaching the quarterfinals at the 2009 US Open.
Over her career, Bondarenko has defeated top ten players Elena Dementieva, Sara Errani, Ana Ivanovic, Garbiñe Muguruza, Li Na, Agnieszka Radwańska, Roberta Vinci, and Venus Williams.
Watussi
Watussi was a Sydney-based band that performed Afro-Colombian rock 'n' roots, with lyrics mainly sung in Spanish. The band's name is slang for "the most handsome man at the party". Their album Tequila, Sangre y Fuego was nominated for the 2008 ARIA Award for Best World Music Album. The band's lead was Colombian born singer-songwriter and producer Oscar Jimenez.

In 2010 back from a South American tour, they began work on their next Album El Olvido with producer Joel Hamilton. The album was released in September 2011.

In 2012, they collaborated with New Orleans legend Jon Cleary with whom they arranged recorded and released the tracks "Che Che Cole" (by Willie Colon's) and "Agua".

Jon Cleary (musician)
Jon Cleary (born August 11, 1962) is a British-born, American funk and R&B musician, based in New Orleans, Louisiana. Cleary is an accomplished pianist as well as being a multi-instrumentalist, vocalist and songwriter.

Cleary has performed with a number of prolific musicians including Eric Clapton, Bonnie Raitt (whom Cleary has also opened for), Taj Mahal, B.B. King, Ryan Adams, and Eric Burdon. Compositions by Cleary have been recorded by such notable musicians as Taj Mahal, Bonnie Raitt, and John Scofield on his 2009 album Piety Street.

Cleary's current band is Jon Cleary & The Absolute Monster Gentlemen, who have released six albums. Their album Go Go Juice won the Grammy Award for Best Regional Roots Music Album in the 58th Annual Grammy Awards.
Melpattampakkam
Melpattampakkam is a panchayat town in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

As of the 2011 India census, Melpattampakkam had a population of 6,887 with 3,475 males and 3,412 females. Out of the total population, 9.43 per cent is under six years of age.

Viluppuram
Viluppuram, Villupuram, or Vizhuppuram (Tamil: [ʋiɻɯppɯɾam] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative headquarters of Viluppuram district of Tamil Nadu.

Located 61 kilometres (38 mi) south west of a Tiruvannamalai and 35 kilometres (22 mi) north west of Cuddalore null The town serves as a major and largest railway junction, and National Highway 45 passes through it. Agriculture is a main source of income. As Government of India 2021 census data indicated, Viluppuram had a population of 191,131. and the town's literacy rate has been recorded as 90.16% by Census 2011.

In 1919, Villupuram city was officially constituted as a Municipality which today comprises 42 wards, making it one of the largest cities in Tamilnadu.
Morton Peck
Morton Eaton Peck (1871–1959) was an American botanist specializing in flora of Oregon. He was professor of botany at Willamette University. He wrote Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon. Botanist Arthur Cronquist commented that Peck's Oregon plant collection was "the most complete, so far as I know that exists."

Arthur Cronquist
Arthur John Cronquist (March 19, 1919 – March 22, 1992) was an American biologist, botanist and a specialist on Compositae. He is considered one of the most influential botanists of the 20th century, largely due to his formulation of the Cronquist system as well as being the primary co-author to the Flora of the Pacific Northwest, still the most up to date flora for three northwest U.S. States to date. Two plant genera in the aster family have been named in his honor. These are Cronquistia, a possible synonym of Carphochaete, and Cronquistianthus, which is sometimes included as a group within Eupatorium. The former was applied by R.M. King and the latter by him and Harold E. Robinson.
Four Olds
The Four Olds (simplified Chinese: 四旧; traditional Chinese: 四舊; pinyin: sì jiù) refer to categories used by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution to characterize elements of Chinese culture prior to the Chinese Communist Revolution that they were attempting to destroy. The Four Olds were 'old ideas', 'old culture', 'old customs', and 'old habits'. During the Red August of 1966, shortly after the onset of the Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards' campaign to destroy the Four Olds began amid the massacres being carried out in Beijing.

Cemetery of Confucius
The Cemetery of Confucius (Chinese: 孔林; pinyin: Kǒng lín; lit. 'Kong Forest [of gravestones]') is a cemetery of the Kong clan (the descendants of Confucius) in Confucius' hometown Qufu in eastern Shandong province. Confucius himself and some of his disciples are buried there, as well as many thousands of his descendants.

Since 1994, the Cemetery of Confucius has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu". The two other components of the site are the Temple of Confucius dedicated to the memory of the statesman and philosopher and the Kong Family Mansion, where his descendants lived. The three sites are collectively known in Qufu as San Kong (三孔), i.e. "The Three Confucian [sites]".
David N. Weil
David Nathan Weil (born 1960) is the James and Merryl Tisch Professor of Economics at Brown University. Weil's scholarship has focused on economic growth and demographic economics. Between 2015 and 2018, Weil chaired Brown's Department of Economics.

John Vernon Henderson
John Vernon Henderson is a Canadian-American economist and an academic. He is a Research Affiliate at the International Growth Centre, Director of the Urbanisation in Developing Countries Program, and a School Professor of Economic Geography at the London School of Economics.

Henderson is most known for his works on models of systems of cities and on urbanization in developing countries, focusing on factor market distortions, urban systems in sub-Saharan Africa, and the spatial layout of cities.

Henderson is a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research and a Fellow of the British Academy.
John Annesley, 4th Earl of Anglesey
John Annesley, 4th Earl of Anglesey (18 January 1676 – 18 September 1710), was an English peer and landowner.

A younger son of James Annesley, 2nd Earl of Anglesey (1645–1690), by his marriage to Lady Elizabeth Manners, daughter of John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland, he succeeded to the family estates and Earldom of Anglesey on the death of his brother James in 1701/02. On 21 May 1706, he married Lady Henrietta Maria Stanley (1687–1718), the daughter of William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby. Some years later, the title of Baron Strange was called out of abeyance in her favour and she became Baroness Strange in her own right.

In 1710, shortly before his death, Anglesey was appointed as Vice Treasurer, Receiver-General and Paymaster of the Forces for Ireland and was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council.

Baron Strange
Baron Strange is a title which has been created four times in the Peerage of England. Two creations, one in 1295 and another in 1326, had only one holder each, upon whose deaths they became extinct. Two of the creations, that of 1299 and that of 1628, are extant. The surname Le Strange was Latinized as Extraneus (i.e. "Foreigner, Stranger"). The arms of Le Strange of Knockin Castle in Shropshire were: Gules, two lions passant argent.

All four baronies of Strange were created by writ, which means that they can also pass through female lines. 
Following  the passing of the  Peerage Act 1963, Elizabeth Frances Philipps, 14th Baroness Strange (of the 1299 creation), became the first female to take her seat in the House of Lords by virtue of an hereditary peerage.
Demecarium bromide
Demecarium bromide, trade name Humorsol, is a carbamate parasympathomimetic drug that acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and is used as a glaucoma medication. It is applied directly to the eye in order to reduce elevated intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma.

Demecarium causes constriction of the pupil (miosis), which improves the drainage of the fluid in the eye (aqueous humour). As demecarium reversibly inhibits cholinesterase, it can be administered less frequently than other parasympathomimetic drugs, such as carbachol.

Commercially produced demecarium bromide solution, previously sold under the trade name Humorsol, is no longer available, although solutions of demecarium can be compounded.

Glaucoma medication
Glaucoma medication is divided into groups based on chemical structure and pharmacologic action. The goal of currently available glaucoma therapy is to preserve visual function by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients that have an increased intraocular pressure.
Yungeen Ace
Keyanta Tyrone Bullard (born February 12, 1998), also known by his stage name Yungeen Ace, is an American rapper and singer. He is best known for his 2019 single "Opps" (with JayDaYoungan), which received gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), along with his 2018 song "Pain" and 2021 single, "Who I Smoke" (with Spinabenz and FastMoney Goon featuring Whoppa Wit Da Choppa). He signed a recording contract with Cinematic Music Group in 2018, which entered a joint venture with Geffen Records four years later. He entered the Billboard 200 twice with his third mixtape Step Harder (2019) and debut studio album, Life of Betrayal 2x (2021).

Geffen Records
Geffen Records (formerly The David Geffen Company from 1980 to 1992 and Geffen Records Inc. from 1993 to 2004) is an American record label owned by Interscope Geffen A&M (IGA), a division of the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1980 by David Geffen, as a music subsidiary of his then film company Geffen Pictures, with financial and distribution support from Warner Bros. Records.

In 1990, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment, which later became part of Universal Music Group (UMG) through acquisitions by Panasonic and Seagram. Since its merger into the Interscope Geffen A&M group in 1999, Geffen has served as a syndicate label within Interscope Records, expanding its catalog through the absorption of other imprints. It has operated as a key platform for new releases, especially following its 2003 expansion and 2017 relaunch. As of 2024, Geffen is part of Universal Music Group's Interscope Capitol Labels Group.
2005 Toyota Racing Series
The Toyota Racing Series is New Zealand's premier "open-wheeler" motorsport category. The series includes races for every major trophy in New Zealand circuit racing including the New Zealand Motor Cup and the Denny Hulme Memorial Trophy. The cars are also the category for the New Zealand Grand Prix - one of only two races in the world with FIA approval to use the Grand Prix nomenclature outside Formula One.

New Zealand Grand Prix
The New Zealand Grand Prix, sometimes known as the New Zealand International Grand Prix, is an annual motor racing event held in New Zealand. First held in 1950, it is best known for hosting rounds of the Tasman Series in the 1960s and 1970s. It is currently run as the signature race of the Formula Regional Oceania Championship.

It is one of only two current national Grand Prix events that are not part of the Formula One World Championship, the other being the Macau Grand Prix.