hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dix River
The Dix River is a 79.3-mile-long (127.6 km) tributary of the Kentucky River in central Kentucky in the United States. It begins in western Rockcastle County, about 5 miles (8 km) west of Mount Vernon. It flows generally northwest, in a tight meandering course, passing north of Stanford and east of Danville. Northeast of Danville it is impounded by the Dix Dam to form the Herrington Lake reservoir. The river flows about 2 miles (3 km) before joining the Kentucky River near High Bridge, about 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Lexington, in the region of the Kentucky River Palisades.

At Danville the river has a mean annual discharge of 480 cubic feet per second. The watershed of the river is largely agricultural land, with undulating hills over a bed of limestone. The river is a popular destination for fly fishing, in particular for varieties of bass.  Occasionally, recreational kayakers and canoeists can be found on same-day trips.  Water levels are Class I+ with possible mild class II.

Danville, Kentucky
Danville is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Boyle County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 17,236 at the 2020 census. Danville is the principal city of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of the Boyle and Lincoln counties. In 2001, Danville received a Great American Main Street Award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation. In 2011, Money magazine placed Danville as the fourth-best place to retire in the United States. Centre College in Danville was selected to host U.S. vice-presidential debates in 2000 and 2012.
Mark Twain effect
In some stock markets, the October Effect (also referred to as the Mark Twain effect) is the phenomenon of stock returns in October being lower than in other months. The reference to Mark Twain comes from a line in Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson: "October. This is one of the peculiarly dangerous months to speculate in stocks. The others are July, January, September, April, November, May, March, June, December, August, and February."

The quotation is a sarcastic assertion that speculation in stocks is always dangerous. Twain wrote Pudd'nhead Wilson in 1894 many years before the stock market crashes of 1929 (record trade volumes on October 24 and then October 29), 1987 (biggest losses on October 19)  and 2008 (October 6-10 was the worst weekly decline ever on both a points and percentage basis of Dow Jones Industrial Average. On October 24 many of the world's stock exchanges experienced the worst declines in their history.).

Pudd'nhead Wilson
Pudd'nhead Wilson is a novel by American writer Mark Twain published on 28 November 1894. Its central intrigue revolves around two boys—one, born into slavery, with 1/32 black ancestry; the other, white, born to be the master of the house. The two boys, who look similar, are switched at infancy. Each grows into the other's social role.

The story was serialized in The Century Magazine (1893–1894) and published as a novel in 1894.
Élisée Bastard
Élisée Bastard, born on 20 January 1871 in Bornel and dead on 4 January 1957 in Bourganeuf, was a French butcher, polisher, and anarchist. Acquitted during the Trial of the Thirty, he was a notable figure in French anarchist circles in the 1890s, particularly in the northern suburbs of Paris and Saint-Denis.

Born into a working-class and anarchist family, Bastard joined the movement in his late teens, beginning to associate with other anarchists from Saint-Denis, such as Philogone Segard and Charles 'Cookie' Simon. He undertook a number of actions, fled the authorities several times, and was frequently arrested by the French police before being implicated in the Trial of the Thirty, a political trial targeting the anarchist movement in France—from which he was acquitted. Bastard continued his anarchist activism in the following years, became wealthy, and died in 1957.

His police mugshot is part of the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MET).

The Battle Against Anarchist Terrorism
The Battle Against Anarchist Terrorism: An International History, 1878–1934, is a book on the governmental campaign against anarchist terrorism written by Richard Bach Jensen and published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press.
V-Partei3
V-Partei3, known officially as V-Partei3 – Change. Diversity. Vegan. (German: V-Partei3 – Veränderung. Vielfalt. Vegan.), is a German political party that was founded in April 2016 in Munich, Bavaria. The principal focus of the party is animal rights and environmentalism. It is the sole political party in Germany devoted to encouraging the adoption of a plant-based diet. The party took part in the North Rhine-Westphalia state elections in 2017, and received 10,013 votes or 0.12% of the vote, far below the 5% threshold required to enter the State Landtag. Notable members of the party were actress Barbara Rütting and Axel Ritt, guitarist of the band Grave Digger, who joined in May 2017.

2017 North Rhine-Westphalia state election
The 2017 North Rhine-Westphalia state election was held on 14 May 2017 to elect the members of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia. The incumbent coalition government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Greens led by Minister-President Hannelore Kraft was defeated. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) became the largest party and formed a coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP). CDU leader Armin Laschet was subsequently elected Minister-President.

This election was the last election in which an incumbent Minister-President was defeated until the 2022 Saarland state election.
Isabella, Countess of Bedford
Isabella (16 June 1332 – 1379/1382) was the eldest daughter of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, and the wife of Enguerrand de Coucy, Earl of Bedford, by whom she had two daughters. She was made a Lady of the Garter in 1376.

House of Albret
The House of Albret, which derives its name from the lordship (seigneurie) of Albret (Labrit), situated in the Landes, was one of the most powerful feudal families of France and Navarre during the Middle Ages.
Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (German: Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik) is a quantum mechanics book written by John von Neumann in 1932. It is an important early work in the development of the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. The book mainly summarizes results that von Neumann had published in earlier papers.

Von Neumann formalized quantum mechanics using the concept of Hilbert spaces and linear operators. He acknowledged the previous work by Paul Dirac on the mathematical formalization of quantum mechanics, but was skeptical of Dirac's use of delta functions. He wrote the book in an attempt to be even more mathematically rigorous than Dirac. It was von Neumann's last book in German, afterwards he started publishing in English.

Dirac delta function
In mathematical analysis, the Dirac delta function (or  distribution), also known as the unit impulse, is a generalized function on the real numbers, whose value is zero everywhere except at zero, and whose integral over the entire real line is equal to one. Thus it can be represented heuristically as

such that

Since there is no function having this property, modelling the delta "function" rigorously involves the use of limits or, as is common in mathematics, measure theory and the theory of distributions.

The delta function is named after physicist Paul Dirac, and has been applied routinely in physics and engineering to model point masses and concentrated loads. It is called the delta function because it is a continuous analogue of the Kronecker delta function. The mathematical rigor of the delta function was disputed until Laurent Schwartz developed the theory of distributions, where it is defined as a linear form acting on functions.
Live in Paris (1975) (Lost ORTF Recordings)
Live in Paris (1975) (Lost ORTF Recordings) is an LP album by American free jazz saxophonist Pharoah Sanders recorded live at the Grand Auditorium, Studio 104 of Maison de la Radio, Paris, France on November 17, 1975 and released in 2020 on the Transversales Disques label. It features recordings of Sanders performing with a quartet featuring pianist Danny Mixon, bassist Calvin Hill, and drummer Greg Bandy. The album fills in a chronological gap between Sanders' final Impulse! albums (Love in Us All and Elevation, recorded in 1973) and Pharoah, recorded in 1976 for India Navigation.

Maison de la Radio et de la Musique
Maison de la Radio et de la Musique (French pronunciation: [mɛzɔ̃ də la ʁadjo e də la myzik]), nicknamed “maison ronde” (“the round house”) is the headquarters of Radio France. It is located in the 16th arrondissement of Paris near the Eiffel Tower. Built in the shape of huge ring 500 meters in circumference, with a central utility tower, the building houses the administrative offices, broadcasting studios, and performance spaces for all of Radio France's national stations and its four permanent ensembles—Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France, Orchestre national de France, Chœur de Radio France and Maîtrise de Radio France. The building was designed by Henry Bernard and completed in 1963. It underwent a major renovation beginning in 2005 and began reopening to the public in 2014 with the inauguration of its new auditorium.
1871 Minnesota Attorney General election
The 1871 Minnesota Attorney General election was held on November 7, 1871, in order to elect the attorney general of Minnesota. Republican nominee and incumbent attorney general Francis R. E. Cornell defeated Democratic nominee and incumbent ember of the Minnesota Senate from the 18th district John L. MacDonald and Temperance nominee Uzzel F. Sargent.

Minnesota Attorney General
The attorney general of Minnesota is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Thirty individuals have held the office of Attorney General since statehood. The incumbent is Keith Ellison, a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party member.
The 47 Ronin (1941 film)
The 47 Ronin (元禄 忠臣蔵, Genroku Chūshingura; "The Treasury of Loyal Retainers of the Genroku Era") is a black-and-white two-part jidaigeki Japanese film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi, adapted from a play by Seika Mayama. The first part was released on December 1, 1941, with the second part being released on February 11 of the following year. The film depicts the legendary forty-seven Ronin and their plot to avenge the death of their lord, Asano Naganori, by killing Kira Yoshinaka, a shogunate official responsible for Asano being forced to commit seppuku.

Jidaigeki
Jidaigeki (時代劇) is a genre of film, television, and theatre in Japan. Literally meaning "period dramas", it refers to stories that take place before the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

Jidaigeki show the lives of the samurai, farmers, craftsmen, and merchants of their time. Jidaigeki films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies, a word meaning "sword fight", though chambara is more accurately a subgenre of jidaigeki. Jidaigeki rely on an established set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup, language, catchphrases, and plotlines.
Joe Sharp (rugby league)
Evley Joseph Sharp  (16 April 1906 – 31 July 2006) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s.

Sharp played 32 first-grade games (including trial matches) for St. George during four seasons from 1929 to 1932. Former Club secretary and NSWRFL Vice President Clarrie Fahy recruited him after spotting the rangy forward running around for a railways side at Katoomba in the Blue Mountains in 1928.

"They were all good moments," Mr Sharp recalled of his years with the Saints. "St George was a great club. 'Snowy' Justice was the captain at the time. He was the hooker – I liked him and I got on well with him.".

After 4 seasons at Saints, Joe Sharp joined Canterbury-Bankstown in 1935 due to residential rules of the time.

Sharp died on 31 July 2006 aged 100 at East Gosford, New South Wales.

Katoomba
Katoomba is the main town and council seat of the City of Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia, and is the administrative centre of Blue Mountains City Council.

Situated on the Great Western Highway and the Great Western Railway, Katoomba is home to the Three Sisters, 102 km (63 mi) by road west of Sydney Central Business District and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of Lithgow. Katoomba railway station serves the town. Katoomba is located on the lands of the Dharug and Gundungurra Aboriginal peoples.

Katoomba is a base for bush and nature walks in the surrounding Blue Mountains. At the 2021 census, Katoomba had a population of 8,268 people.
Śniekozy
Śniekozy [ɕɲɛˈkɔzɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klimontów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Klimontów, 20 km (12 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 65 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz County
Sandomierz County (Polish: powiat sandomierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sandomierz, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Koprzywnica, lying 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and Zawichost, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Sandomierz.

The county covers an area of 675.89 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,352, out of which the population of Sandomierz is 23,494, that of Koprzywnica is 2,470, that of Zawichost is 1,771, and the rural population is 49,617.
1915 Avezzano earthquake
The 1915 Avezzano earthquake or 1915 Fucino earthquake occurred on 13 January in central Italy at 07:52:42 local time. The shock had a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The epicenter was located in the city of Avezzano (which was destroyed) in the Province of L'Aquila. Around 30,000 direct fatalities and $60 million in damage resulted from the earthquake.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Gladiolus splendens
Gladiolus splendens is a species of perennial flowering plant belonging to the genus Gladiolus. It is a tuberous geophyte endemic to the west-central Cape Provinces of South Africa, where it ranges from the mountains north of Calvinia in the Northern Cape southwards along the Roggeveld Escarpment to the Moordenaars Karoo near Laingsburg in the Western Cape.

Laingsburg, South Africa
Laingsburg (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈlainzbœrχ]) is a town located in the Western Cape province in South Africa. It is a relatively large agricultural town in the semi-arid Great Karoo; its economy is based on farming goats, sheep, fruits, and vegetable. The town is served by two main roads, namely the N1 and the R323.

The area that became Laingsburg was first settled around 1727 or 1728. A train stop was built there in 1878, by which it had been called Buffelsrivier. It was then renamed to "Nassau", and finally to "Laingsburg". In 1904, Laingsburg became a municipality. In 1981, a flash flood, later called the Laingsburg Flood, almost completely submerged the town, destroying much of it.
Gowidlino
Gowidlino [ɡɔviˈdlinɔ] is a Kashubian village in the administrative district of Gmina Sierakowice, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

It is located on the northern shore of the Gowidlińskie Lake, within the ethnocultural region of Kashubia in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Polish: powiat kartuski; Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat) is a county in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with administrative seat and largest town being Kartuzy.

It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The only other town in the county is Żukowo. The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 137,942, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 14,536, that of Żukowo is 6,691, and the rural population is 116,715.

Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.
Augustus Lefebvre Revere
Augustus Lefebvre Revere (August 8, 1861 – May 20, 1910) was an American financier, banker, stock broker, and civic leader from Morristown, New Jersey. He was a member of the Morristown Club, the Morristown Golf Club, the Morristown Field Club, and the Washington Association of New Jersey, the Society of Colonial Wars, and the Memorial Day Association.

He was the son of Joseph Warren Revere, and the great-grandson and "last [surviving] direct descendant" of Revolutionary War figure Paul Revere.

Morristown Field Club
The Morristown Field Club is a sports and social club located in Morristown, New Jersey. It was created in 1881 as the Morristown Lawn Tennis Club. It is the third oldest tennis club in New Jersey after the Seabright Lawn Tennis and Cricket Club and the Orange Lawn Tennis Club.
Crisis Hotline: Veterans Press 1
Crisis Hotline: Veterans Press 1 is a 2013 documentary film about the Veterans Crisis Line, directed by Ellen Goosenberg Kent and produced by Dana Perry. The film was edited by Geof Bartz, A.C.E and co-edited by Gladys Mae Murphy. The cinematography was done by Tony Hardmon. It won the Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) at the 87th Academy Awards.

Veterans Crisis Line
The Veterans Crisis Line is a United States–based crisis hotline for military veterans, service members, their families, and caregivers. The service is available 24/7 via the toll-free hotline number 988. Callers press 1 on their keypad to connect to the Veterans Crisis Line instead of the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, which shares the same number. It can also be reached by texting the SMS number 838255 or via online chat on the hotline's website.
Reality Check (novel)
Reality Check is a 2009 young adult suspense novel written by Peter Abrahams. It was published on April 28, 2009, by HarperTeen (an imprint of HarperCollins). The book won the Edgar Award for Best Young Adult Novel in 2010.

The story follows Cody Laredo, the 16-year-old high school football star of a small town in Colorado, who is dating the beautiful and intellectual Clea Weston. Things begin to go wrong when Cody suffers a sports injury, putting his athletic future in jeopardy. Then, Clea's wealthy parents - against her relationship with Cody due to his poor grades and working-class background - send her away to a private boarding school in Vermont. Cody finds out from a newspaper headline that Clea has disappeared from her school in Vermont, and has been declared missing. With only a letter Clea sent him before her disappearance, Cody travels to Vermont to find her.

Sports injury
Sports injuries occur during participation in sports or exercise in general. Globally, around 40% of individuals engage in some form of regular exercise or organized sports, with upwards of 60% of US high school students participating in one or more sports. Sports injuries account for 15 - 20% of annual acute care visits with an incidence of 1.79 - 6.36 injuries per 1,000 hours of participation. Sports injuries can be broken down into the types of injuries, risk factors and prevention and the overall impact that injuries have on athletes.
Marcus Cornelius Cethegus (consul 160 BC)
Marcus Cornelius Cethegus was a Roman statesman in the first half of the 2nd century BC. He was elected consul in 160 BC, in which position he served alongside Lucius Anicius Gallus. He drained the Pomptine Marshes and converted them into arable land.

In 171 BC he was sent as part of a commission into Cisalpine Gaul to determine why the consul Gaius Cassius Longinus had left his province. In 169 BC he was triumvir coloniae deducendae, an official charged with establishing a colony in Aquileia.

Consul
Consul (abbrev. cos.; Latin plural consules) was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states through antiquity and the Middle Ages, in particular in the Republics of Genoa and Pisa, then revived in modern states, notably in the First French Republic. The related adjective is consular, from the Latin consularis.

This usage contrasts with modern terminology, where a consul is a type of diplomat.
Ramien
Ramien is a German toponymic surname of Slavic origin, referring to a settlement near Szczecin. People with this surname include:

Th. Ramien, pseudonym used by Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935), German physician and sexologist

Kurt Ramien (fl. 1908–1938), German rear admiral

Jesse Ramien (born 1997), Australian rugby league player

Jesse Ramien
Jesse Ramien (born 27 April 1997) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the National Rugby League (NRL).

He has previously played for the Newcastle Knights as well as a previous spell at the Cronulla club in the NRL. Ramien has also played at representative level for the Indigenous All Stars.
Ban Huai Khwang railway station
Ban Huai Khwang station (Thai: สถานีบ้านห้วยขวาง) is a railway station located in Huai Yai Subdistrict, Bang Lamung District, Chonburi Province. It is a class 3 railway station located 168.34 km (104.6 mi) from Bangkok railway station.

Bang Lamung district
Bang Lamung (Thai: บางละมุง, pronounced [bāːŋ lā.mūŋ]) is a district (amphoe) in the southern part of Chonburi province, Thailand. Bang Lamung includes Pattaya City, a special local government organization within the district area.
Central Sava Valley
The Central Sava Valley (Slovene: Zasavje) is a valley in the Sava Hills and a geographic region along the Sava in central Slovenia, now constituting the Central Sava Statistical Region. The region consists of three municipalities: Zagorje ob Savi, Trbovlje, and Hrastnik. Several coal mines operated in the Central Sava Valley, although all except the Trbovlje–Hrastnik Mine are now defunct. It is surrounded by the Sava Hills, with Kum (1,220 metres or 4,000 feet) on the right side of the Sava and Black Peak (1,204 metres or 3,950 feet) on Čemšenik Pasture at the left side of the Sava, as its highest peaks.

Municipality of Hrastnik
The Municipality of Hrastnik (pronounced [ˈxɾaːstnik] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Hrastnik) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Hrastnik. The area is part of the traditional Styria region. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Located in the valley of a minor left bank tributary of the Sava River, the area is known for its rich deposits of coal. Coal mining began in the area in 1804. Surrounding peaks include Mount Kum (1220 m), Mount Mrzlica (1122 m), and Kopitnik Hill (910 m). The area around Kopitnik is protected as a nature reserve. Species such as the capercaillie and chamois run wild in the surrounding forests.