hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euchloe
Euchloe is a genus of pierid butterflies from the orangetip tribe (Anthocharini). They are Holarctic in distribution, with most species in Europe, Central Asia, and North America. Like other Anthocharini, the American species are usually called marbles; the Old World species are known as dappled whites.

Holarctic realm
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers most of North America), and Alfred Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region (which covers  North Africa, and all of Eurasia except for  Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the southern Arabian Peninsula).

These  regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems and the animal and plant communities that depend on them extend across a number of continents and cover large portions of the Holarctic realm. This continuity is the result of those regions’ shared glacial history.
2016 FSP Gold River Women's Challenger
The 2016 FSP Gold River Women's Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Sacramento, California, United States, on 18–24 July 2016.

Chanel Simmonds
Chanel Simmonds (born 10 August 1992) is an inactive tennis player from South Africa.

Simmonds won 23 singles titles and 29 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 27 May 2013, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 158. On 26 August 2013, she peaked at No. 176 in the WTA doubles rankings.
William Wallace Barbour Sheldon
William Wallace Barbour Sheldon (May 15, 1836 – March 17, 1915), commonly known as Wallace, was an architectural engineer and pioneer of California, a leading figure of the engineering history of the California coast.

Wallace began his career with the Central Pacific Railroad and was present at the laying of the Golden Spike at Promontory Point, Utah, on May 10, 1869.  In 1875, he began work with the Pacific Improvement Company.

His most famous work was in the personal home of Mark Hopkins, which was destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire; the original Santa Monica Pier in Santa Monica, California; and the Del Monte Hotel in Del Monte, California.  He also had control of the construction of several railroad terminals, including those in Sacramento, California, Los Angeles, California (Santa Fe Station), and Redlands, California.

1906 San Francisco earthquake
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a major earthquake which struck the coast of Northern California at 05:12 am Pacific Standard Time on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. With an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), it created high-intensity shaking from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley, an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Extensive fires soon broke out in San Francisco and lasted for several days. More than 3,000 people died and over 80% of the city was destroyed. The event is remembered as the deadliest earthquake in the history of the United States. The death toll remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California's history and high on the list of worst American disasters, natural or man-made.
Manyas spirlin
The Manyas spirlin (Alburnoides manyasensis) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. This fish is endemic to the Simav River drainage of Lake Kuş, also known as Lake Manyas, in Turkey. It may become threatened as its range is densely inhabited and increasingly industrialized.

Simav River
The Simav (Turkish: Simav Çayı) or Susurluk River (Susurluk Çayı) is a river in Anatolian Turkey. Its course is 321 km long and its basin comprises 22,400 km2. It was the classical Macestus (/məˈsɛstəs/; Greek: Μέκεστος, Mékestos). In the 19th century, it was known as the Mikalick.

The Simav has its source in Kütahya Province, from which it flows north across the plain of Simav into Balıkesir Province. There is a reservoir at the Çaygören Dam, out of which the Simav flows past Susurluk and meets the Adirnaz. During the classical period, the Macestus was a tributary of the Rhyndacus (the modern Adirnaz), but today the Simav forms the main course from their confluence near Karacabey down to the Sea of Marmara. Along the way, it meets the Nilüfer River (the classical Odrysses).

Its mouth faces the island of Imrali, a high-security prison.
Crocus gargaricus
Crocus gargaricus  is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to Turkey.

Crocus gargaricus grows only on Kaz Dag, also known as Mount Ida. The rarity in its cultivation is due to its being recently recognized as its own distinct flowering plant.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
Excellence (pop group)
Excellence was a Swedish pop girl group from 2001 created through the TV programme Popstars on Kanal 5.  The group scored a number one album on the Swedish Charts, as well as five top 10 singles, and entered Melodifestivalen 2002.

They also collaborated with Markoolio on the official Swedish song for the 2002 Winter Olympics "Vi ska vinna!" Their last single was 'We can dance' which reached top 10 on the charts. The group split shortly after the single was released. Member Ana Johnsson later scored a worldwide solo hit with the song "We Are" from the Spider-Man 2soundtrack and has since then (October 2006) released her second album Little Angel.

Kanal 5 (Swedish TV channel)
Kanal 5 (Channel 5) is a Swedish television channel that was launched in 1989. It is owned by the US-based media company Warner Bros. Discovery, changing its ownership from ProSiebenSat.1 Media in April 2013.

After a troublesome 1990s, Kanal 5 launched new strategies in the early 2000s (decade) that established it as a popular entertainment channel targeting young people. The channel's slogan is "Roligare TV" ("More Entertaining TV") and it only broadcasts entertainment, such as series, movies, reality series and infotainment documentaries. In 2006, the channel was the most popular channel among Swedes aged 15–24.
Yellowknife Bay, Mars
Yellowknife Bay is a geologic formation in Gale Crater on the planet Mars. NASA's Mars Science Laboratory rover, named Curiosity, arrived at the low lying depression on December 17, 2012, 125 sols, or Martian days, into its 668-sol planned mission on the planet. Primary mission goals of the Mars Science Laboratory were to assess the potential habitability of the planet and whether or not the Martian environment is, or has ever been, capable of supporting life.

The site was chosen after much study of the region by previous missions. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter observed morphological features created by the presence of liquid water, suggesting the presence of an ancient lake which could have sustained microbial life. The geologic depression takes its name from the city Yellowknife, capital of the Canadian Northwest Territories, in honor of the 4 billion year old rock in the region surrounding the city, which matches the approximate age of the uncovered rock in Gale Crater.

Silicate
A silicate is any member of a family of polyatomic anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula [SiO(4−2x)−4−x]n, where 0 ≤ x < 2.  The family includes orthosilicate SiO4−4 (x = 0), metasilicate SiO2−3 (x = 1), and pyrosilicate Si2O6−7 (x = 0.5, n = 2).  The name is also used for any salt of such anions, such as sodium metasilicate; or any ester containing the corresponding chemical group, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate. The name "silicate" is sometimes extended to any anions containing silicon, even if they do not fit the general formula or contain other atoms besides oxygen; such as hexafluorosilicate [SiF6]2−. Most commonly, silicates are encountered as silicate minerals.

For diverse manufacturing, technological, and artistic needs, silicates are versatile materials, both natural (such as granite, gravel, and garnet) and artificial (such as Portland cement, ceramics, glass, and waterglass).
Synchronicity (Grimm)
"Synchronicity" is the 17th episode of season 3 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm  and the 61st episode overall, which premiered on April 4, 2014, on the broadcast network NBC. The episode was written by Michael Duggan from a story by Duggan and Michael Golamco, and was directed by David Solomon.

Michael Duggan
Michael Duggan began his career writing in 1981 for the TV show Hill Street Blues and then moved on to shows such as St. Elsewhere and Law & Order. He began producing television shows in 1984 with Miami Vice and Midnight Run. Duggan has executive produced the series Earth 2 and part of the third season of Millennium.
John Brewse
John Brewse (Bruce) was a British military engineer who created the first surveys of Halifax, Nova Scotia (1749). He was largely responsible for fortifying the town against native and Acadian attacks. He also was wounded in the Battle at Chignecto.

Battle at Chignecto
The Battle at Chignecto happened during Father Le Loutre's War when Charles Lawrence, in command of the  45th Regiment of Foot (Hugh Warburton's regiment) and the 47th Regiment (Peregrine Lascelles' regiment), John Gorham in command of the Rangers and Captain John Rous in command of the navy, fought against the French monarchists at Chignecto. This battle was the first attempt by the British to occupy the head of the Bay of Fundy since the disastrous Battle of Grand Pré three years earlier. They fought against a militia made up of Mi'kmaq and Acadians led by Jean-Louis Le Loutre and Joseph Broussard (Beausoliel). The battle happened at Isthmus of Chignecto, Nova Scotia on 3 September 1750.
Ben McDaniels
Benjamin McDaniels (born June 6, 1980) is an American football coach who is the wide receivers coach and passing game coordinator for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the quarterbacks coach for the University of Michigan and also previously serving as the interim wide receivers coach in late 2018. McDaniels previously served as the wide receivers coach for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team before being promoted to offensive coordinator after Ralph Friedgen decided to step down as after the season. McDaniels served as quarterback assistant with the Denver Broncos in 2010. He played collegiately as a quarterback at Kent State from 2000 to 2001.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights football
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights football program represents Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Rutgers competes as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Prior to joining the Big Ten, the Scarlet Knights were a member of the American Athletic Conference (formerly the Big East Conference) from 1991 to 2013. Rutgers plays its home games at SHI Stadium, in Piscataway, New Jersey. The team is currently led by head coach Greg Schiano. The Scarlet Knights football team is also notable for playing in the first college football game in 1869, in which the Scarlet Knights won by the score 6–4.
Joanne Mayer
Joanne Mayer (born 16 March 1993 in Mulhouse) is a French sprint canoeist. Mayer is a member of the canoe and kayak team for Mulhouse-AS Cheminots Riedisheim, and is coached and trained by her father Sébastien Mayer, who competed in the men's kayak four (1000 m) at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Her grandfather Albert Mayer, on the other hand, also participated in the same discipline at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Mayer represented France at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the women's K-4 500 metres, along with her teammates Marie Delattre, Sarah Guyot, and Gabrielle Tuleu. Mayer and her team finished last in the final by more than a second behind the Russian team (led by Yuliana Salakhova), recording the slowest time of 1:35.299.

Mulhouse
Mulhouse (/məˈluːz/ mə-LOOZ, French: [myluz] ⓘ; Alsatian: Mìlhüsa [mɪlˈhyːsa]; German: Mülhausen [myːlˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ, meaning "mill house") is a French city of the European Collectivity of Alsace (Haut-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region of France). It is near the border with Switzerland and Germany. It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in Alsace after Strasbourg.

Mulhouse is known for its museums, especially the Cité de l'Automobile (also known as the Musée national de l'automobile, 'National Museum of the Automobile') and the Cité du Train (also known as Musée Français du Chemin de Fer, 'French Museum of the Railway'), respectively the largest automobile and railway museums in the world. An industrial town nicknamed "the French Manchester", Mulhouse is also the main seat of the Upper Alsace University, where the secretariat of the European Physical Society is found.
Jonathan Biabiany
Jonathan Ludovic Biabiany (born 28 April 1988) is a French professional footballer who plays as a winger for Spanish club Antequera. Between 2008 and 2014, he was regarded as the fastest footballer in the world.

Antequera CF
Antequera Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Antequera, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1992, it currently plays in Primera Federación – Group 2, holding home games at Estadio El Maulí, with a capacity of 6,000 seats.
1976–77 Eastern Counties Football League
The 1976–77 Eastern Counties Football League was the 35th season in the history of the Eastern Counties Football League.

Three new clubs joined the league this season:

Bury Town, transferred from the Southern Football League.

Colchester United reserves,

Felixstowe Town, joined from the Essex and Suffolk Border League.

Wisbech Town won the league, securing their second Eastern Counties Football League title.

1975–76 Southern Football League
The 1975–76 Southern Football League season was the 73rd in the history of the league, an English football competition.

Wimbledon won the championship, winning their second Southern League title in a row, whilst AP Leamington, Redditch United, Dartford and Minehead were all promoted to the Premier Division. Six Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.
1990 Arizona House of Representatives election
The 1990 Arizona House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 1990. Voters elected all 60 members of the Arizona House of Representatives in multi-member districts to serve a two-year term. The elections coincided with the elections for other offices, including Governor, U.S. House, and State Senate. Primary elections were held on September 11, 1990.

Prior to the elections, the Republicans held a majority of 34 seats over the Democrats' 26 seats.

Following the elections, Republicans maintained control of the chamber, though their majority was reduced to 33 Republicans to 27 Democrats, a net gain of one seat for Democrats.

The newly elected members served in the 40th Arizona State Legislature, during which Republican Jane Dee Hull was re-elected as Speaker of the Arizona House.

Arizona Democratic Party
The Arizona Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Arizona. Its headquarters are in Phoenix, Arizona.

Along with its main rival, the Arizona Republican Party, it is one of two major parties in the state. The Arizona Democratic Party's electoral representation has increased in recent years; as of 2025, the party controls the offices of governor, secretary of state, and attorney general; both of the state's U.S. Senate seats; and two out of the state's nine U.S. House seats.
Wheat mosaic virus
Wheat mosaic virus can refer to a few different virus species:

Chinese wheat mosaic virus, in the genus Furovirus

High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus, in the genus Emaravirus

Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, in the genus Furovirus

Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, in the genus Furovirus

Wheat streak mosaic virus, in the genus Tritimovirus

Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus
Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is a rod-shaped plant pathogen that can cause severe stunting and mosaic in susceptible wheat, barley and rye cultivars. The disease has often been misdiagnosed as a nutritional problem, but this has actually allowed in part for the fortuitous visual selection by breeding programs of resistant genotypes. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is part of the genus Furovirus. Members of this genus are characterized by rigid rod-shaped particles and positive sense RNA genomes consisting of two molecules that are packaged into separate particles that code for either replication, mobility, structure or defense against the host. The virus is spread by a fungal-like protist, Polymyxa graminis, whose asexual secondary and sexual primary cycles help the virus spread. The disease produces secondary symptoms from the root cell infection. The disease is a serious contributor to loss in crop yield.
Nepenthes 'Michael Lee'
Nepenthes 'Michael Lee' is a cultivar of a complex manmade hybrid involving N. alata, N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. khasiana, N. rafflesiana, and N. ventricosa. It was bred by Bruce Lee Bednar and Orgel Clyde Bramblett in 1986. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. It first appeared in print in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as "x “Michael Lee”".

Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
The Carnivorous Plant Newsletter is the official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS), the largest such organization in the world. It is headquartered in Walnut Creek, California.
Naukar Wohti Da
Naukar Wohti Da (Punjabi: ﻧﻮﮐﺮ ﻭﻭﮨﭩﯽ ﺩﺍ) is a 1974 Punjabi-language Pakistani film, starring Munawar Zarif in the lead role, opposite Aasia. The film tells the story of a hired husband. It was remade in Hindi as Naukar Biwi Ka (1983).

This film is considered one of the most iconic films ever made in Pakistan, and was one of the big hits of Munawar Zarif as a lead actor.

Nigar Awards
The Nigar Awards (Urdu: نگارانعامات, romanized: Negār Inʿāmaʿat, lit. 'Picture Awards') were presented in an annual award show to recognize outstanding achievement in Pakistani cinema. The honors were awarded by Nigar Magazine founded in 1948. The Nigar Awards were Pakistan's version of the Academy Awards. The awards show had been discontinued for some 15 year, and a revival was planned in 2017.

The annual presentation ceremony featured performances by prominent artists. The first Nigar Awards ceremony was held in 1957, to honor the accomplishments of Pakistani cinema for the year 1956. In 2002, following the 46th Annual Nigar Awards, Nigar Magazine announced its discontinuation of the awards due to the collapse of the Pakistani cinema industry.

After a 15-year hiatus, with the revival of Pakistani cinema, the 47th Nigar Awards were announced to be held on 16 March 2017 in Karachi. They were eventually cancelled.
Berkeley Scudamore-Stanhope
Christianity portal

The Ven. and The Hon Berkeley Lionel Scudamore Stanhope MA was Archdeacon of Hereford from 1887 to 1910.

Born at Gaydon in 1824,  he was the third son of Sir Edwyn Francis Scudamore-Stanhope, 2nd Baronet, and was educated at Balliol College, Oxford. A Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, he was Vicar of Bosbury from  1856 to 1866 and Rector  of Byford from  1866 to 1908.

Scudamore-Stanhope died on 21 March 1919.

Byford
Byford is a village and civil parish on the River Wye in Herefordshire, England, about 11 km (7 mi) west of Hereford.  According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 119, increasing to 201 at the 2011 census.

Offa's Dyke runs along Garnons Hill, to the north of the village. The 11th-century church of St John the Baptist is a Grade I listed building.
Observatory of Bologna
The Observatory of Bologna is an astronomical observatory in Bologna, Italy. Built in 1726, it was the first public observatory in Italy. It is one of twenty facilities comprising the National Institute for Astrophysics.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Yatap-dong
Yatap-dong (야탑동, 野塔洞) is a Bundang neighborhood in the city of Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It is officially divided into Yatap-1-dong, Yatap-2-dong, and Yatap-3-dong.

A survey conducted in 2011 by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, reported that the bus stops in Yatap-dong are among the busiest in the country.

Yatap-dong is composed of many cultural spaces. Seongnam art center, Tancheon Sports Complex, NC department store, Home Plus are all available in Yatap-dong. CGV Theater and Seongnam bus terminal are there.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT; Korean: 국토교통부; lit. 'Ministry of Land and Transport') is a cabinet-level division of the government of South Korea. Its headquarters is in the Sejong Government Office in Sejong City. Previously the agency was headquartered in the 4th building of the Gwacheon Government Complex, in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi-do.

The main tasks are establishing and coordinating national territory policy and basic laws related to national territory, preserving and developing national territory and water resources, construction of urban, road and housing, construction of coastal, river and land reclamation.
Cyclodecapentaene
Cyclodecapentaene or [10]annulene is an annulene with molecular formula C10H10. This organic compound is a conjugated 10 pi electron cyclic system and according to Huckel's rule it should display aromaticity. It is not aromatic, however, because various types of ring strain destabilize an all-planar geometry.: 121–122

Pi bond
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, in which each of two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, and in which this overlap occurs laterally. Each of these atomic orbitals has an electron density of zero at a shared nodal plane that passes through the two bonded nuclei. This plane also is a nodal plane for the molecular orbital of the pi bond. Pi bonds can form in double and triple bonds but do not form in single bonds in most cases.

The Greek letter π in their name refers to p orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the pi bond is the same as that of the p orbital when seen down the bond axis. One common form of this sort of bonding involves p orbitals themselves, though d orbitals also engage in pi bonding. This latter mode forms part of the basis for metal-metal multiple bonding.