hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heinrich Behmann
Heinrich Behmann (German: [ˈbeːman]; 10 January 1891, Bremen-Aumund – 3 February 1970, Bremen-Aumund) was a German mathematician. He performed research in the field of set theory and predicate logic.

Behmann studied mathematics in Tübingen, Leipzig and Göttingen. During World War I, he was wounded and received the Iron Cross 2nd Class. David Hilbert supervised the preparation of his doctoral thesis, Die Antinomie der transfiniten Zahl und ihre Auflösung durch die Theorie von Russell und Whitehead. In 1922 Behmann proved that the monadic predicate calculus is decidable. In 1938 he obtained a professorial chair in mathematics at Halle (Saale). In 1945 he was dismissed for having been a member of the Nazi Party.

Monadic predicate calculus
In logic, the monadic predicate calculus (also called monadic first-order logic) is the fragment of first-order logic in which all relation symbols in the signature are monadic (that is, they take only one argument), and there are no function symbols. All atomic formulas are thus of the form , where  is a relation symbol and  is a variable.

Monadic predicate calculus can be contrasted with polyadic predicate calculus, which allows relation symbols that take two or more arguments.
Mahagadhimai Municipality
Mahagadhimai (Nepali: महागढीमाई) is a new municipality in Bara District, named after the temple of goddess Gadhimai.Nepal, composed of Bariyarpur, Ganjbhawanipur, Patrahati, Babuaayen, Malhani, Dahiyaar, Bagdampur, Kawahi Madhuri (Kawahijabdi), Telkuwa, Dharampur, Inarwa, Benauli, that was announced by the Government of Nepal in 2014. The municipality has an area of 40.30 km2. The office of the municipality is in Bariyarpur. The mayor is Upan Yadav of the Nepali Congress party, who was elected in September 2017 and re-elected in 2022 .

Bariyarpur, Rautahat
Bariyarpur  was a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal.

Just before 2017 Nepalese local elections, it was merged with other 5 Village development committees, Samanpur, Sangrampur, Bahuwa Madanpur, Dharampur and Gamhariya to form Gadhimai Municipality.

At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4600 people living in 878 individual households.
Halazhaisuchus
Halazhaisuchus is an extinct genus of archosauriform from the Early Triassic of China. It is known from a single species, Halazhaisuchus qiaoensis, which was named in 1982 from the lower Ermaying Formation in Shaanxi. It was assigned to the family Euparkeriidae as a close relative of the genus Euparkeria from South Africa. Halazhaisuchus is known from a single holotype specimen called V6027, which was discovered in 1977 and includes a portion of the vertebral column, some ribs, two scapulae and two humeri, the right radius and ulna, and a left coracoid. Two rows of plate-like bones called osteoderms run along the length of the vertebrae. When it was first described in 1982, Halazhaisuchus was considered a close relative of Euparkeria because it has primitive features like small intercentra bones between the vertebrae and a large coracoid, not seen in later archosaurs. However, these features are common to many early archosauriforms and are not unique to Euparkeriidae.

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.
Irwin's turtle
Irwin's turtle (Elseya irwini) is a rare species of freshwater turtle in the family Chelidae. Herpetologist, John Cann, assisted Steve Irwin in discovering this species. The Irwin Turtle species is endemic to Australia, originating from the lower region of the Burdekin River area in northern Queensland, and was named after the late conservationist and television personality Steve Irwin.

Chelidae
Chelidae is one of three living families of the turtle suborder Pleurodira, and are commonly called Austro-South American side-neck turtles. The family is distributed in Australia, New Guinea, parts of Indonesia, and throughout most of South America. It is a large family of turtles with a significant fossil history dating back to the Cretaceous. The family is entirely Gondwanan in origin, with no members found outside Gondwana, either in the present day or as a fossil.
Aporrea
Aporrea is a Venezuelan website that publishes news and opinions from the point of view of supporters of former president Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution. It ranks as the fourth most visited local political site in the country, according to site metrics Alexa.com, and it claims to be the first among local independent left-leaning outlets. Most of the site's content was supportive of the political changes promoted by late president Hugo Chávez, but in recent years, it has content critical of the current government led by Chávez's protégé Nicolás Maduro, turning it into a "gathering place for dissidence within chavismo".

Chavismo
Chavismo (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃaˈβizmo]), also known in English as Chavism or Chavezism, is a left-wing populist political ideology based on the ideas, programs, and government style associated with Hugo Chávez and later Nicolás Maduro. It combines elements of socialist patriotism, Bolivarianism, and Latin American integration. People who supported Hugo Chávez and Chavismo are known as Chavistas.
Karahiya, Rupandehi
Karahiya is a town in Tilottama Municipality in Rupandehi District in Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. The former village development committee was merged to form the new municipality on 18 May 2014. It is located halfway between Butwal and Bhairahawa in the foothills of Chhure range and on the bank of Tinau River. Its climate is moderate, slightly hot in summer and moderately cool in winter. Temperature records are 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) and 11.5 °C (52.7 °F). At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 10,550 people living in 1992 individual households.

Foothills
Foothills or piedmont are geographically defined as gradual increases in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area. They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills and the adjacent topographically higher mountains, hills, and uplands.  Frequently foothills consist of alluvial fans, coalesced alluvial fans, and dissected plateaus.
Nikon Z50
The Z50 is an upper entry-level APS-C mirrorless camera (1.5x APS crop) announced by Nikon on October 10, 2019. It is Nikon's first Z-mount crop sensor camera body. With its introduction, Nikon also announced two crop-sensor Z-mount lenses, the Nikkor Z DX 16-50 mm f/3.5–6.3 VR and the Nikkor Z DX 50-250 mm f/4.5–6.3 VR. It is the third Z-mount camera body after the Nikon Z7 and Nikon Z6. The camera yields an effective 20.9-megapixel still image and 4K video (up to 30 fps and 30 minutes time limit per clip).

It does not include built-in sensor cleaning, nor is IBIS present, although Vibration Reduction on some Nikkor and third-party lenses is provided. It is the only Nikon Z camera body that does not have in-camera USB-C charging.

The Nikon Z50 was succeeded by the Nikon Z50II in November 2024, with Nikon announcing that the Z50 was discontinued on 8 November 2024.

When launched, Nikon used a two word marketing slogan: “The Collaborator.

Dust reduction system
A dust reduction system, or dust removal system, is used in several makes of digital cameras to remove dust from the  image sensor. Every time lenses are changed, dust may enter the camera body and settle on the image sensor.

Digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR) are particularly vulnerable to this issue, since the interior of the camera is exposed during lens changes unlike other forms of digital cameras, and the image sensor is fixed, unlike a film camera. Even the tiniest (micrometre-size) dust particles or other contaminants that settle on the face of the image sensor (individual pixels of which have dimensions on the order of ~5 micrometres) may cast shadows and thus become visible in the final image as more or less diffuse grey blobs, depending on aperture.

Dust may be generated by internal moving parts or may be moved by air currents within the camera. Some systems remove or clean the sensor by vibrating at a very high frequency—between 100 hertz and 50 kilohertz.
Washington Federation of Independent Schools
The Washington Federation of Independent Schools (WFIS) is an umbrella organization of private and independent schools in the U.S. state of Washington, informally representing Washington in the Office of Private Education.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Energy in Benin
Benin is a coastal country located in the Gulf of Guinea in Western Africa, which is a resource rich region. Energy in Benin has a diverse energy mix and takes several forms including: solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, fossil resources, and mineral resources. Out of this energy mix, about 60% of energy comes from biomass. Benin is also dependent on energy imports from Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. While power plants and other energy facilities were built in the 1950s and 1960s, the lack of investment has led to deterioration over time. Similarly, its location in the Gulf of Guinea has led to an attempt of oil production starting in the late 1980s. However, due to unprofitable operations, oil production halted in 1998.

West African Gas Pipeline
The West African Gas Pipeline (French: Gazoduc ouest-africain; WAGP or GOA) is a natural gas pipeline to supply gas from Nigeria's Escravos region of the Niger Delta area to Benin, Togo and Ghana. It is the first regional natural gas transmission system in sub-Saharan Africa.
Xylor Jane
Xylor Jane (born 1963) is an American visual artist and painter. Her work is labor intensive and made up of dots, set to a mathematical sequence. Often the paintings are made of bright colors. She has lived and worked in Greenfield, Massachusetts; Brooklyn, New York City; and San Francisco, California.

Greenfield, Massachusetts
Greenfield is the county seat, and sole city, of Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. Greenfield was first settled in 1686. The population was 17,768 at the 2020 census. Greenfield is home to Greenfield Community College, the Pioneer Valley Symphony Orchestra, the Franklin County Fair, and the Green River Festival. The city has a Main Street Historic District containing fine examples of Federal, Greek Revival, and Victorian architecture.

Greenfield anchors the Greenfield Town, MA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Springfield-Greenfield Town, MA Combined Statistical Area.
Ronald, Minnesota
Ronald is an unincorporated community in Beaver Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located along State Highway 27 (MN 27) near 100th Place. Nearby places include Kettle River, Lawler, Arthyde, and Moose Lake.

The boundary line between Aitkin and Carlton counties is nearby. ZIP codes 55760 (McGregor) and 55783 (Sturgeon Lake) meet near Ronald.

McGregor, Minnesota
McGregor is a city in Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 384 at the 2020 census. McGregor is along Minnesota State Highways 65 and 210. Other routes include Aitkin County Road 8 (Maddy Street).
Saint-Thurien, Eure
Saint-Thurien (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ tyʁjɛ̃]) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Le Perrey.

It took its name from Saint Turiaf of Dol, bishop of the ancient Diocese of Dol.

Turiaf of Dol
Saint Turiaf of Dol (or Thivisiau, Thurian, Thurien, Tuien, Turian, Turiano, Turianus, Turiav, Turiave, Turiavo, Turiavus, Turien; died c. 750) was a Breton abbot and bishop of the ancient Diocese of Dol.
1989 Tour du Haut Var
The 1989 Tour du Haut Var was the 21st edition of the Tour du Haut Var cycle race and was held on 25 February 1989. The race started in Seillans and finished in Draguignan. The race was won by Gérard Rué.

Draguignan
Draguignan (French: [dʁaɡiɲɑ̃]; Occitan: Draguinhan) is a commune in the Var department in the administrative region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (formerly Provence), southeastern France.

Draguignan was founded in antiquity. The city stands out because of its long history and great location, just 25 km (16 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea and nestled between the French Riviera and the Verdon Regional Natural Park. The city is  42 km (26 mi) from Saint-Tropez, and 80 km (50 mi) from Nice. Its population is approximately 40,000. Additionally, the city serves as the administrative center of the Dracénie Provence Verdon urban community, which includes twenty-three municipalities and more than 110,000 residents.

The city is currently home to two military schools, the Infantry School and the Artillery School.
Seamanite
Seamanite, named for discoverer Arthur E. Seaman, is a rare manganese boron phosphate mineral with formula Mn3[B(OH)4](PO4)(OH)2. The yellow to pink mineral occurs as small, needle-shaped crystals. It was first discovered in 1917 from a mine in Iron County, Michigan, United States and identified in 1930. As of 2012, seamanite is known from four sites in Michigan and South Australia.

American Mineralogist
American Mineralogist: An International Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the general fields of mineralogy, crystallography, geochemistry, and petrology. It is an official journal of the Mineralogical Society of America, publishing both subscription and open access articles. The journal is a hybrid open-access journal. The editors-in-chief are Hongwu Xu (Los Alamos National Laboratory), and Don Baker (McGill University).
Vamping
Vamping is a 1984 American drama film about a down-on-his-luck saxophonist who agrees to help rob the home of a rich widow, then unexpectedly falls for the woman. Shots of the movie were filmed in Buffalo, New York, including inside the old Buffalo Central Terminal.

Buffalo Central Terminal
Buffalo Central Terminal is a historic former railroad station in Buffalo, New York. An active station from 1929 to 1979, the 17-story Art Deco style station was designed by architects Fellheimer & Wagner for the New York Central Railroad. The Central Terminal is located in the city of Buffalo's Broadway-Fillmore district. Closed since 1979, several attempts to redevelop the site were unsuccessful.  In February 2024 a new development team was formed to plan a reuse for the terminal.
Scottish Women's Football Annual Awards
The Scottish Women's Football Annual Awards is an award ceremony hosted by Scottish Women's Football (SWF), the governing body for women's association football in Scotland. The inaugural award ceremony, sponsored by The Scottish Sun, took place in 2009 at Hampden Park.

The 2018 edition, which was the first since 2013, was sponsored by MG Alba and it was held at the Hilton Glasgow Hotel; the 2019 awards were also held in Glasgow, at the nearby Marriott Hotel. The 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which also caused the 2021 awards to be a virtual event (presented from Tynecastle Park). The awards returned to the Hilton Glasgow in 2022, and Hampden Park was the venue in 2023 and 2024, sponsored by ScottishPower.

Hilton Glasgow
The Hilton Glasgow is a 20-story hotel in Glasgow, Scotland. It is located in Anderston, 8 miles (13 kilometres) from Glasgow Airport, on the edge of the city centre, and close to the M8 Motorway.  It opened on 30 November 1992, marking the first international hotel to open in the city, and is credited as being "first true five-star hotel" in Glasgow. Craig Gardner, former manager at the hotel, credits the Hilton Glasgow as paving the way for "playing a key role in the revitalisation of the city".

At 70 m (230 ft), the Hilton Glasgow is currently the 16th tallest building in Glasgow, behind St Andrew House at 71 m (233 ft) and ahead of Anniesland Court at 66 m (217 ft).
1976 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 1976 U.S. Senate election for the state of North Dakota was held November 2, 1976. The incumbent, North Dakota Democratic NPL Party (Dem-NPL) Senator Quentin Burdick, sought and received re-election to his fourth term to the United States Senate, defeating Republican candidate Robert Stroup.

Only Burdick filed as a Dem-NPLer, and the endorsed Republican candidate was Robert Stroup, a state senator from Hazen, North Dakota. Burdick and Stroup won the primary elections for their respective parties.

One independent candidate, Clarence Haggard, also filed before the deadline under the American Party.

North Dakota Republican Party
The North Dakota Republican Party is the North Dakota affiliate of the United States Republican Party.

Its platform is conservative. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling North Dakota's at-large U.S. House seat, both U.S. Senate seats and the governorship, and it has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Cowan Dobson
David Cowan Dobson R.B.A.,  (1894–1980) was a leading Scottish portrait artist who first exhibited at Royal Academy when aged only nineteen and began showing at the Royal Scottish Academy four years later. Dobson's works were also exhibited at the Royal Society of Arts, Royal Watercolour Society, Royal Society of Portrait Painters, Royal Society of British Artists, Royal Cambrian Academy, Fine Art Society and at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.

Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) is the country's national academy of art. It promotes contemporary Scottish art.

The Academy was founded in 1826 by eleven artists meeting in Edinburgh. Originally named the Scottish Academy, it became the Royal Scottish Academy on being granted a royal charter in 1838.

The RSA maintains a unique position in the country as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and architects to promote and support the creation, understanding, and enjoyment of visual arts through exhibitions and related educational events.
Klaus Mühlhahn
Klaus Mühlhahn (born August 19, 1963) is a German historian and sinologist who was a Professor and Vice President of the Free University of Berlin. Since 2020 he serves as president of Zeppelin University. He was awarded the John K. Fairbank Prize in 2009 for his book Criminal Justice in China: A History.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Trash Taste
Trash Taste (Japanese: トラッシュ・テイスト) is a weekly audio and video podcast hosted by Joey Bizinger, Garnt Maneetapho, and Connor Colquhoun – three Tokyo-based content creators primarily focusing on anime and Japanese pop culture. The podcast generally discusses Japanese culture and life in Japan.

Culture of Japan
Japanese culture has changed greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary modern culture, which absorbs influences from Asia and other regions of the world.

Since the Jomon period, ancestral groups like the Yayoi and Kofun, who arrived to Japan from Korea and China, respectively, have shaped Japanese culture. Rice cultivation and centralized leadership were introduced by these groups, shaping Japanese culture. Chinese dynasties, particularly the Tang dynasty, have influenced Japanese culture throughout history and brought it into the Sinosphere. After 220 years of isolation, the Meiji era opened Japan to Western influences, enriching and diversifying Japanese culture. Popular culture shows how much contemporary Japanese culture influences the world.
Marine Parade
Marine Parade is a planning area and residential estate located on the eastern fringe of the Central Region of Singapore. Straddling the tip of the southeastern coast of mainland Singapore, Marine Parade serves as a buffer between the Central and East regions of the country. Bordering it are the planning areas of Geylang to the north, Kallang to the northwest, Bedok to the northeast, Marina East to the southwest and the Singapore Straits to the south.

Marine Parade is further divided into five subzones, East Coast, Katong, Marine Parade, Marina East (not to be confused with Marina East, the neighbouring planning area), and Mountbatten.

Singapore Strait
The Singapore Strait is a 113 km-long (70 mi), 19 km-wide (12 mi) strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel, and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime border along the strait.

It includes Keppel Harbour and many small islands. The strait provides the deepwater passage to the Port of Singapore, which makes it very busy. Approximately 2,000 merchant ships traverse the waters on a daily basis in 2017. The depth of the Singapore Strait limits the maximum draft of vessels going through the Straits of Malacca, and the Malaccamax ship class.
Kierans
Kierans is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Kierans (1914–2004), Canadian economist and politician

Grainne Kierans (born 1978), Irish footballer and coach

Thomas Kierans (1913–2013), Canadian mining engineer

Wayne Kierans, Gaelic football manager

Grainne Kierans
Gráinne Kierans (born 20 September 1978) is an Irish football coach and former player who was the head coach of Shamrock Rovers team who play in the Women's National League (Ireland). Kierans, the holder of a UEFA A licence, played as a midfielder or striker for several English clubs and represented the Republic of Ireland national team.