hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dream 4
Dream 4: Middleweight Grand Prix 2008 2nd Round was a mixed martial arts event held by FEG's mixed martial arts promotion DREAM. The event took place on June 15, 2008 at Yokohama Arena in Yokohama, Japan, featuring the second round of the promotion's Middleweight tournament, with winners advancing to the Dream 6: Middleweight Grand Prix 2008 Final Round at the Saitama Super Arena on September 23, 2008.

During the evening's intermission, a draw was held in the ring to determine the matchups for the July 21, 2008 Dream Lightweight GP Final in Osaka. The random selection set Eddie Alvarez against Tatsuya Kawajiri in the first semifinal; and Shinya Aoki against Caol Uno in the second.

The DREAM.4 attracted a crowd of 14,037 to the Yokohama Arena and was broadcast live in Japan on SkyPerfect TV Pay-Per-View, and in the United States on HDNet Fights.

Caol Uno
Kaoru "Caol" Uno (宇野薫, Uno Kaoru) (born May 8, 1975) is a Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler. He is the Co-Champion of the UFC 41 Lightweight Tournament and a former Shooto Lightweight Champion. As one of the early Ultimate Fighting Championship's elite Lightweight competitors, Uno competed for the UFC Lightweight Championship on two occasions. Despite falling short in both championship bouts; losing a five-round decision against Jens Pulver at UFC 30, to determine the inaugural UFC Lightweight Champion as well as a draw against B.J. Penn at UFC 41 (in a bout which would have determined the new UFC Lightweight Champion and UFC 41 Lightweight Tournament Winner), Uno is acknowledged as a pioneer for his impact and influence during the early era of the UFC Lightweight Division.
Zaur Gekkiyev
Zaur Gekkiyev (Russian: Заур Далхатович Геккиев, born 12 February 1961 in Lashkuta, Soviet Union) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the  6th, 7th and 8th State Dumas.

In 2002, Gekkiyev was granted a Candidate of Economic Sciences degree. In 2000 he was appointed the Deputy Head of Administration of Nalchik. In 2002–2003, he was a Minister of Resorts and Tourism of the Kabardino-Balkaria. He was a deputy of the Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic of the 3rd and 4th convocations. In 2011 he was elected deputy of the 6th State Duma from the Kabardino-Balkaria constituency. Gekkiyev ran with the United Russia. In 2016 and 2021, he was re-elected for the 7th and 8th State Dumas respectively.

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.
Christopher Soghoian
Christopher Soghoian (born 1981) is a privacy researcher and activist. He is currently working for Senator Ron Wyden as the senator's Senior Advisor for Privacy & Cybersecurity. From 2012 to 2016, he was the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union.

Ron Wyden
Ronald Lee  Wyden (/ˈwaɪdən/ WY-dən; born May 3, 1949) is an American politician serving as the senior United States senator from Oregon, a seat he has held since 1996. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 until 1996. Upon the death of Representative Don Young in 2022, Wyden became the dean of the West Coast's Congressional delegation. He is the dean of Oregon's congressional delegation and serves as the ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee. Known for his libertarian-leaning stances within the Democratic Party, Wyden has been a prominent advocate for privacy rights, internet freedom, and limiting government surveillance, positioning him as a defender of civil liberties.
2014 Strade Bianche
The eighth edition of the Strade Bianche cycling race was held on 8 March 2014. The race started in San Gimignano and finished on the Piazza del Campo in Siena's city centre.

The event was won by Poland's Michał Kwiatkowski of Omega Pharma–Quick-Step. Kwiatkowski had broken clear with Peter Sagan with 21 km remaining. The duo had built a winning lead, and Kwiatkowski distanced his breakaway companion with less than 500m to go on the steep finishing road in the centre of Siena. Sagan was unable to answer the Pole's attack and finished 19 seconds behind Kwiatkowski.

Spaniard Alejandro Valverde set off in pursuit, but was unable to catch the leaders and finished third at 36 seconds from Kwiatkowski. Damiano Cunego and Roman Kreuziger rounded out the top-five.

Damiano Cunego
Damiano Cunego (born 19 September 1981) is an Italian former professional road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2002 and 2018 for the Saeco, Lampre–Merida and Nippo–Vini Fantini–Europa Ovini teams.

Cunego's biggest wins were the 2004 Giro d'Italia, the 2008 Amstel Gold Race and the Giro di Lombardia in 2004, 2007 and 2008. He finished second in the UCI Road World Championships in 2008 and in the 2008 UCI ProTour. Primarily a climber, he improved his time-trialling and was characterised by great sprinting ability, unusual for a climber.
Woman, Why Do You Weep?
Woman, Why Do You Weep? Circumcision and Its Consequences (1982) is a book by Sudanese physician Asma El Dareer about female genital mutilation in Sudan. Published in London by Zed Press in association with the Babiker Bedri Scientific Association for Women's Studies, the book summarizes research El Dareer conducted on female genital mutilation (FGM) for the medical faculty of the University of Khartoum.

The book includes information from El Dareer's 1977–1981 survey of over 3,000 women in Sudanese states with a high prevalence of the most severe form of FGM. It was the first large-scale survey of women who had undergone the procedures.

Female genital mutilation in Sudan
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is highly prevalent in Sudan. According to a 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 86.6 percent of women aged 15–49 in Sudan reported living with FGM, and said that 31.5 percent of their daughters had been cut. The most common FGM procedure in that country is Type III (infibulation); the 2014 survey found that 77 percent of respondents had experienced Type III.

Most FGM procedures in Sudan have traditionally been performed by local circumcisers without anaesthesia or antibiotics. The 2014 survey indicated that 77 percent of the 0–14 age group had been cut by health personnel, according to their mothers, and 20 percent by traditional circumcisers. Most girls (66 percent) are cut between ages 5–9.
Stacey Porter
Stacey Porter (born 29 March 1982) is an Australian professional indigenous softball first/third baseman. She represents New South Wales in Australian national competitions, where she has won several national championships on the junior and senior team. She played university softball for the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa from 2001 to 2003 where she set several records and was named to the All-American team. She plays professional softball in Japan. She represented Australia at the junior level and continues to represent Australia at the senior level and is current Australian Captain. Stacey competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics where she won a silver medal and the 2008 Summer Olympics where she won a bronze medal and has competed in multiple world softball championships.

Australian Institute of Sport
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is a high performance sports training institution in Australia. The institute's 66-hectare (163-acre) headquarters were opened in 1981 and are situated in the northern suburb of Bruce, Canberra. The AIS is a division of the Australian Sports Commission (ASC).
Nihilist cipher
In the history of cryptography, the Nihilist cipher is a manually operated symmetric encryption cipher, originally used by Russian Nihilists in the 1880s to organize terrorism against the tsarist regime. The term is sometimes extended to several improved algorithms used much later for communication by the First Chief Directorate with its spies.

First Chief Directorate
The First Main Directorate (Russian: Пе́рвое гла́вное управле́ние, romanized: Pérvoye glávnoye upravléniye, IPA: [ˈpʲervəjə ˈɡɫavnəjə ʊprɐˈvlʲenʲɪje], lit. 'First Chief Directive') of the Committee for State Security under the USSR council of ministers (PGU KGB) was the organization responsible for foreign operations and intelligence activities by providing for the training and management of covert agents, intelligence collection administration, and the acquisition of foreign and domestic political, scientific and technical intelligence for the Soviet Union.

The First Chief Directorate was formed within the KGB directorate in 1954, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union became the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR RF).

The primary foreign intelligence service in Russia and the Soviet Union has been the GRU, a military intelligence organization and special operations force.
91st Arkansas General Assembly
The Ninety-First Arkansas General Assembly was the legislative body of the state of Arkansas in 2017 and 2018. In this General Assembly, the Arkansas Senate and Arkansas House of Representatives were both controlled by the Republicans. In the Senate, 23 senators were Republicans, 11 were Democrats, and one position was vacant until April. In the House, 69 representatives were Republicans, 30 were Democrats, and one was independent.

Republican Party of Arkansas
The Republican Party of Arkansas (RPA), headquartered at 1201 West 6th Street in downtown Little Rock, is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Arkansas. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling all four of Arkansas' U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all statewide executive offices, including the governorship, and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.

The Republican Party of Arkansas was founded on April 2, 1867, by "the leading Union men" of Arkansas. Under Powell Clayton, it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of Reconstruction in the state (1864–1874). The party chairman is Joseph K. Wood, and the current executive director is Drew Martin.
Friedrich Christian August Hasse
Friedrich Christian August Hasse (4 January 1773, in Rehfeld – 6 February 1848, in Leipzig) was a German historian. He was the father of pathologist Karl Ewald Hasse (1810–1902).

He studied legal science, philosophy and history at the University of Wittenberg, and from 1798 was an associate professor at the cadet institute in Dresden. In 1803 he was named a professor of morality and history at the institute. From 1828 to 1848 he was a professor of auxiliary sciences of history at the University of Leipzig, where in 1840/41 he served as dean to the faculty of philosophy.

He made important contributions as an editor to Ersch und Gruber’s Encyklopädie and especially to Brockhaus's Conversations-Lexikon. From 1830 he was an editor of the Leipziger Zeitung.

Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
The Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (German for Brockhaus Encyclopedia) is a German-language encyclopedia which until 2009 was published by the F. A. Brockhaus printing house.

The first edition originated in the Conversations-Lexikon published by Renatus Gotthelf Löbel and Franke in Leipzig 1796–1808. Renamed Der Große Brockhaus in 1928 and Brockhaus Enzyklopädie from 1966, the 21st thirty-volume edition contains about 300,000 entries on about 24,000 pages, with about 40,000 maps, graphics and tables. It is the largest German-language printed encyclopedia in the 21st century.

In 2008, F. A. Brockhaus began the changeover to an online encyclopedia and the discontinuation of the printed editions. The rights to the Brockhaus trademark were purchased by Arvato, a subsidiary of the Bertelsmann media group. After more than 200 years, the distribution of the Brockhaus encyclopedia ceased completely in 2014.
Admetella
Admetella is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). Species of Admetella, although uncommonly collected are nevertheless known from widespread localities in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans at depths of 400–6,000 m.

Chaeta
A chaeta or cheta (from Ancient Greek  χαίτη (khaítē) 'crest, mane, flowing hair'; pl. chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found on annelid worms, although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such as arthropods. Polychaete annelids (polychaeta literally meaning "many bristles") are named for their chaetae. In Polychaeta, chaetae are found as bundles on the parapodia, paired appendages on the side of the body. The chaetae are epidermal, extracellular structures, and clearly visible in most polychaetes. They are probably the best-studied structures in these animals. Segments bearing chaetae are called chaetigers.
Kenya National Academy of Sciences
The Kenya National Academy of Sciences (KNAS) is an independent academic institution, founded on 2 November 1983. KNAS collaborates with the Government of Kenya, scientific organisations, the scientific community, and the public to promote the use of scholarly and scientific knowledge and technology for national development. KNAS encompasses all scientific disciplines, including humanities and technology. It is associated with the International Science Council, the InterAcademy Partnership, and the Network of African Science Academies.

International Science Council
The International Science Council (ISC) is an international non-governmental organization that unites scientific bodies at various levels across the social and natural sciences. The ISC was formed with its inaugural general assembly on 4 July 2018 by the merger of the former International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC), making it one of the largest organisations of this type.

Daya Reddy, mathematician, served (2018–2021) as the ISC's inaugural President. Sir Peter Gluckman, pediatrician, biomedical scientist, and science-policy expert, was elected President in October 2021. Other ISC's inaugural Officers elected for the term of 2018–2021 were Elisa Reis (Vice President), Jinghai Li (Vice President), Renée van Kessel (Treasurer), and Alik Ismail-Zadeh (Secretary). Until February 2022, Heide Hackmann served as the Council's CEO. In 2023, Salvatore Aricò was elected Chief Executive Officer.
Dan Burlin
Dan Burlin (born 13 August 1980) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent the 2009 season on loan to Djurgårdens IF. He played for Åtvidabergs FF in Superettan during the 2003 season.

Superettan
Superettan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsʉ̂ːpɛrˌɛtːan]; lit. 'the Super First (Division)') is an association football league and the second highest league in the league system of Swedish men's football. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Allsvenskan and Division 1. Seasons run from April to October, with teams playing 30 matches each, totalling 240 matches in the season.

The league was created in 2000. The second tier of Swedish football had previously consisted of a varying number of regionalized leagues operating under the Division 2 (1924–1986) and Division 1 (1987–1999) names.
CJD Christophorusschule Königswinter
The CJD Christophorusschule Königswinter is a state recognized private, alternative school located in Rhein-Sieg-Kreis (North Rhine-Westphalia, on the border to Rhineland-Palatinate), and is run by the Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands (Christian Youth Village Foundation of Germany – CJD). The school consists of a secondary school and a high school, which correspond to the state equivalents. The Christophorusschule has about 1,450 male and female students (including 400 in the secondary school), and about 105 teachers for instruction. In addition, a dormitory is available for students in grades 5-12, a branch for the highly gifted students, a knowledge center for gifted demands, and a school psychology service with certified psychologists.

Also, there is an exchange program with schools in the United States (Milford, Ohio), France (Avignon, Cognac and Sangatte), Spain (Boadilla del Monte), Sweden (Kungsbacka) and Japan.

Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands
CJD (Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands) is a German Christian nonprofit organization. The organization was founded in 1947 by Protestant pastor Arnold Dannenmann. CJD is an organisation that deals with youth, education and social work. Over 155,000 young people and adults every year get the chance to benefit from expert training, professional development, and support for their specific life situations. CJD's "broad range" of education, training and development programs helps primarily young with learning difficulties, such as dyslexia, or behavioral problems. In addition, the organization assists former drug addicts, migrants, refugees, drop-outs, chronically ill, highly gifted, people with physical and mental disabilities, socially disadvantaged, young offenders and youth with a past experience of violence.
Eierschecke
Eierschecke is a confectionery speciality from Saxony and Thuringia.
It is a layer cake with a base layer of cake, a middle layer of quark-based cheesecake and a top layer of vanilla custard. Parts of it are covered with a glaze made of cream, whole egg, sugar and flour for thickening. The term originates from a piece of 14th century menswear called Schecke which consisted of a medium-length tunic with a very tight waistline and was worn with a Dusing, a hip belt. The cake was named after the appearance of this "tripartite garment" (upper part, belt, lower part).

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Dungannon Rovers F.C.
Dungannon Rovers Football Club was an intermediate-level football club that played in the Mid-Ulster Football League in Northern Ireland. They now play in the Daily Mirror Mid Ulster League Division 3. The club is based in Dungannon, County Tyrone. The club, which has played in the Irish Cup, forms part of the Mid-Ulster Football Association.

Northern Ireland football league system
The Northern Ireland football league system is categorised into three levels: senior, intermediate and junior. Clubs attain intermediate status by fulfilling certain criteria (e.g. owning or leasing its own enclosed ground). Senior status requires clubs to reach stricter criteria. National leagues exist at senior and intermediate level. All junior leagues and some intermediate are organised on a regional basis.

Regionally, there are four regional football associations: the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association), the Mid-Ulster Football Association, the North West of Ireland Football Association and the Fermanagh & Western Football Association.
The Nurse's Secret
The Nurse's Secret is a 1941 American murder mystery film directed by Noel M. Smith and starring Lee Patrick as a crime-solving nurse. The supporting cast features Regis Toomey and Julie Bishop. It was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures as a second feature.

The film, which includes a rare leading role for Patrick who played the supporting part of Sam Spade's secretary in The Maltese Falcon that same year, is a remake of the film Miss Pinkerton and is based on the 1932 novel Miss Pinkerton by Mary Roberts Rinehart. Rinehart wrote a series of novels based on the character Hilda Adams. She is, however, most famous for her play The Bat which inspired Batman creator Bob Kane to create his famous comic book character.

Sam Spade
Sam Spade (Samuel Spade) is a fictional character and the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's 1930 novel The Maltese Falcon. Spade also appeared in four lesser-known short stories by Hammett.

The Maltese Falcon, first published as a serial in the pulp magazine Black Mask, is the only full-length novel by Hammett in which Spade appears. The character, however, is widely cited as a crystallizing figure in the development of hard-boiled private detective fiction—Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe, for instance, was strongly influenced by Spade.

Spade was a departure from Hammett's nameless and less-than-glamorous detective, the Continental Op. Spade combined several features of previous detectives, most notably his detached demeanor, keen eye for detail, and unflinching determination to achieve his own justice.
Deercote, Sudbury Park
The Deercote in Sudbury Park is a deercote or folly, built in the 18th century on the Sudbury Hall estate, near the village of Sudbury in Derbyshire, England. It is a National Trust property, and is a Grade II* listed building.

Sudbury, Derbyshire
Sudbury is a village and civil parish in Derbyshire, England, located about 9 miles (14 km) south of Ashbourne. It is part of the Derbyshire Dales district. The population as recorded at the 2001 Census was 976, increasing to 1,010 at the 2011 Census. The £0.5m A50 bypass opened in 1972.  The parish includes the hamlets of Aston, Aston Heath, Dalebrook and Oaks Green.

Sudbury Hall and HM Prison Sudbury are located here.
De (surname)
De or Dey (Bengali: দে), is a native Bengali surname commonly used by the Bengali Hindu community of India and Bangladesh. The surname has been associated mainly with Bengali Kayasthas, but is also found among Suvarna Banik, Teli,Tili Barujibi, Kansari, Tambuli, Baishya Kapali, Tanti and some other castes of Bengal.

Tili (caste)
Tili is a Bengali Hindu middle-ranking caste, found in the state of Bihar and West Bengal in India. By the late nineteenth century Tili was one of the fourteen castes belonging to 'Nabasakh' group in Bengal.
Bob Blewett (cricketer)
Robert Kevin Blewett (born 30 March 1943) is an Australian former cricketer. He played 25 first-class and three List A matches for South Australia between 1975 and 1979. He is the father of Australian former Test cricketer Greg Blewett.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.