hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SM U-161
SM U-161 was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. 
U-161 was engaged in naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.

U-161 was surrendered to the Allies at Harwich on 20 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany. Having been exhibited at Devonport in December 1918, she was then laid up there until sunk as in the English Channel by gunfire from the submarines L21 and L52 on 30 June 1921 in company with U-135.

Devonport, Plymouth
Devonport (UK: /ˈdɛvənpɔːt/ DEV-ən-pot, 
US: /ˈdɛvənpɔːrt/ DEV-ən-port)
 formerly named Plymouth Dock or just Dock, is a district of Plymouth in the ceremonial county of Devon, England, although it was, at one time, the more important settlement. It became a county borough in 1889. Devonport was originally one of the "Three Towns" (along with Plymouth and East Stonehouse); these merged in 1914 to form what would become in 1928 the City of Plymouth. It is represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of the Plymouth Sutton and Devonport constituency. Its elected Member of Parliament (MP) is Luke Pollard, who is a member of the Labour and Co-operative Party. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 14,788.
Winterburn Group
The Winterburn Group is a stratigraphic unit of Frasnian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from Winterburn area located west of Edmonton, and was first described in well P.A. Pyrcz No. 1 by Imperial Oil Limited in 1950.

Frasnian
The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from 382.31 million years ago to 372.15  million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage.

Major reef-building was under way during the Frasnian Stage, particularly in western Canada and Australia.  On land, the first forests were taking shape. In North America, the Antler orogeny peaked, which were contemporary with the Bretonic phase of the Variscan orogeny in Europe.

The Frasnian coincides with the second half of the "charcoal gap" in the fossil record, a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were below 13 percent, the minimum necessary to sustain wildfires.

North American subdivisions of the Frasnian include

West Falls Group

Sonyea Group

Genesee Group
Howard Johnson (American football)
Howard White "Smiley" Johnson (September 22, 1916 – February 19, 1945) was a professional American football offensive lineman in the National Football League. He played the 1937, 1938 and 1939 college football seasons at the University of Georgia before joining the Green Bay Packers for the 1940 and 1941 seasons.

He joined the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and became an officer. In addition to seeing combat with the 4th Marine Division, he played for a service football team in Maui, Hawaii. He served with I Company, 3rd Battalion, 23rd Marines through the battles of Kwajalein, Saipan (earning a Silver Star), and Tinian. On February 19, 1945, 1st Lieutenant Johnson was killed in action by a mortar shell at the Battle of Iwo Jima and awarded a second Silver Star posthumously; he was one of three former NFL players to die on Iwo Jima along with Jack Chevigny and Jack Lummus. Johnson was buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu on February 2, 1949.

4th Marine Division (United States)
The 4th Marine Division is a reserve division in the United States Marine Corps. It was raised in 1943 for service during World War II, and subsequently fought in the Pacific against the Japanese. Deactivated after the war, the division was re-formed in 1966 and elements of the division deployed during the Gulf War in 1990–1991, as well as during the Iraq War. It is currently the ground combat element of the Marine Forces Reserve and is headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana, and has units throughout the United States.
Wapanucka, Oklahoma
Wapanucka (pronounced Wop´-uh-nuck´-uh) is a town in northeastern Johnston County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 386 as of the 2020 Census.  It is about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Tishomingo. The town name refers to the Delaware Nation and means "Eastern Land People."

Delaware Nation
The Delaware Nation (Delaware: Èhëliwsikakw Lënapeyok), based in Anadarko, Oklahoma is one of three federally recognized tribes of Lenape or Delaware Indians in the United States, along with the Delaware Indians based in Bartlesville, Oklahoma and the Stockbridge–Munsee Community of Wisconsin. Two Lenape First Nations are in Ontario, Canada.

The Delaware Nation was also known as the Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma and was sometimes called the Absentee or Western Delaware.
Francesco Panfilo
The Most Reverend Francesco Panfilo, S.D.B.  (born November 23, 1942, in Vilminore di Scalve) is an Salesian-Italian clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alotau-Sideia in Papua New Guinea. He was appointed Bishop of Alotau-Sideia in 2001, and Coadjutor Archbishop of Rabaul in 2011. He became Archbishop of Rabaul in 2012.

He was the Rector of Don Bosco Technical College from 1977 to 1985 in the Philippines.

Between 2008 and 2011, Francesco Panfilo was the President of the Catholic Bishops Conference of Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands.

He retired in 2020, intending to spend it in the Philippines.

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
Cheepay River
The Cheepay River is a river that is situated in the northeastern Kenora District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is located in the James Bay drainage basin and is a right tributary of the Albany River.

The Cheepay River begins in muskeg and flows northeast then north to its mouth at the Albany River, which flows to James Bay.

The unincorporated place of Ghost River and Cheepay Island, the latter officially in Kenora District, are at the river mouth.

James Bay
James Bay (French: Baie James, pronounced [bɛ dʒɛmz]; Cree: ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, romanized: Wînipekw, lit. 'dirty water') is a body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and is politically part of Nunavut. Its largest island is Akimiski Island.

Numerous waterways of the James Bay watershed have been modified with dams or diversion for several major hydroelectric projects. These waterways are also destinations for river-based recreation. Several communities are located near or alongside James Bay, including a number of Aboriginal Canadian communities, such as the Kashechewan First Nation and nine communities affiliated with the Cree of northern Quebec.

As with the rest of Hudson Bay, the waters of James Bay routinely freeze over in winter. It is the last part of Hudson Bay to freeze over in winter, and the first to thaw in summer.
Zofia Daszyńska-Golińska
Zofia Emilia Daszyńska-Golińska or Zofia Golińska, née Zofia Poznańska (6 August 1866 – 11 February 1934) was a Polish socialist politician, suffragist and professor. She was an early female senator in Poland.

Polish Socialist Party
The Polish Socialist Party (Polish: Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) is a democratic socialist political party in Poland.

It was one of the most significant parties in Poland from its founding in 1892 until its forced merger with the communist Polish Workers' Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party in 1948. Józef Piłsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, was a member of and later led the PPS in the early 20th century.

The party was re-established in 1987, near the end of the Polish People's Republic. However, it remained on the margins of Polish politics until 2019, when it won a seat in the Senate of Poland.
S/2004 S 36
S/2004 S 36 is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna on October 8, 2019, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and February 1, 2006.

S/2004 S 36 is about 3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 23.192 million km in 1319.07 days, at an inclination of 155° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with a high eccentricity of 0.748.

David C. Jewitt
David Clifford Jewitt (born 1958) is an astronomer who studies the Solar System, especially its minor bodies. He is based at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he is a Member of the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, the Director of the Institute for Planets and Exoplanets, Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences. He is best known for being the first person (along with Jane Luu) to discover a body beyond Pluto and Charon in the Kuiper belt.
Vorokhta settlement hromada
Vorokhta settlement territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Ворохтянська селищна територіальна громада, romanized: Vorokhtianska selyshchna terytorialna hromada) is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, located within Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast's Nadvirna Raion. Its capital is the urban-type settlement of Vorokhta.

The hromada has a total population of 5,616 (as of 2023), as well as an area of 249.7 km2 (96.4 sq mi).

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
Everette Dixie Reese
Everette Dixie Reese (1923–1955) was an American photographer and photojournalist. He was born in Houston, Texas. Reese served in the US Army from May 1943 through January 1946 when he was honorably discharged as Private First Class. Reese was hired as a photographer with the US Economic Cooperation Administration Office of the Special Representative in 1949. During the First Indochina War from 1951 until his death in 1955 he was stationed in Saigon, Vietnam. In 1952 he worked with the United States Information Agency in Saigon to build a photo lab for its operations, and took part in printing cultural propaganda photos.

Reese died when the plane he was flying in was shot down over Saigon.

His work is included in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts Houston and the George Eastman Museum, which holds 5700 of his photographs and negatives.

Military discharge
A military discharge is given when a member of the armed forces is released from their obligation to serve. Each country's military has different types of discharge. They are generally based on whether the persons completed their training and then fully and satisfactorily completed their term of service. Other types of discharge are based on factors such as the quality of their service, whether their service had to be ended prematurely due to humanitarian or medical reasons, whether they had been found to have drug or alcohol dependency issues and whether they were complying with treatment and counseling, and whether they had demerits or punishments for infractions or were convicted of any crimes. These factors affect whether they will be asked or allowed to re-enlist and whether they qualify for benefits after their discharge.
Staci Bilbo
Staci Bilbo is an American neuroimmunologist and The Haley Family Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. Bilbo also holds a position as a research affiliate at Massachusetts General Hospital overseeing research within the Lurie Center for Autism. As the principal investigator of the Bilbo Lab, Bilbo investigates how environmental challenges during the perinatal period impact the immune system and further influence brain development, cognition, and affective behaviors later in life..

Principal investigator
In many countries, the term principal investigator (PI) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the laboratory" or "research group leader". While the expression is common in the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research project.

A co-investigator (Co-I) assists the principal investigator in the management and leadership of the research project. There may be a number of co-investigators supporting a PI.
STREAMS
In computer networking, STREAMS is the native framework in Unix System V for implementing character device drivers, network protocols, and inter-process communication. In this framework, a stream is a chain of coroutines that pass messages between a program and a device driver (or between a pair of programs). STREAMS originated in Version 8 Research Unix, as Streams (not capitalized).

STREAMS's design is a modular architecture for implementing full-duplex I/O between kernel and device drivers. Its most frequent uses have been in developing terminal I/O (line discipline) and networking subsystems. In System V Release 4, the entire terminal interface was reimplemented using STREAMS. An important concept in STREAMS is the ability to push drivers –  custom code modules which can modify the functionality of a network interface or other device –  together to form a stack. Several of these drivers can be chained together in order.

File descriptor
In Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a file descriptor (FD, less frequently fildes) is a process-unique identifier (handle) for a file or other input/output resource, such as a pipe or network socket.

File descriptors typically have non-negative integer values, with negative values being reserved to indicate "no value" or error conditions.

File descriptors are a part of the POSIX API.  Each Unix process (except perhaps daemons) should have three standard POSIX file descriptors, corresponding to the three standard streams:
Apotomo
Apotomo is a platform-specific widget framework for Ruby on Rails, designed to simplify the components and code of the view section of the MVC design pattern. Apotomo is built on, and was built by the same engineer as, the Cells Project.

Model–view–controller
Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements. These elements are:

the model, the internal representations of information

the view, the interface that presents information to and accepts it from the user

the controller, the software linking the two.

Traditionally used for desktop graphical user interfaces (GUIs), this pattern became popular for designing web applications. Popular programming languages have MVC frameworks that facilitate the implementation of the pattern.
Jonita Gandhi
Jonita Gandhi (born October 23, 1989), credited mononymously as Jonita, is a Canadian singer known for her work in the Indian film and music industries. Since 2024, she has performed as a solo pop artist by releasing her debut independent EP Love Like That.

She has recorded songs predominantly in Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu languages with few in Punjabi, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali. Some of her most acclaimed songs include "The Breakup Song", "Mental Manadhil". She is also well known for her YouTube presence. Her singing debut started through Chennai Express in 2013.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
The Well (Jennifer Warnes album)
The Well is the eighth studio album by Jennifer Warnes. It was released in 2001, Warnes' first album in nine years. It includes her own compositions and covers renowned songwriters Arlo Guthrie, Billy Joel, Allen Toussaint and Tom Waits. Guthrie lends guest vocals to his "Patriot's Dream" while Doyle Bramhall I duets with Warnes on the classic Eddy Arnold song "You Don't Know Me". The album has been reissued over the years, first in 2003 in the Super Audio CD format, and then in 2009 with additional bonus tracks. The album saw its debut European release in 2016, when it was released by BMG records on March 4.

Jude Johnstone
Jude Johnstone is an American singer-songwriter. Her songs have been covered by Laura Branigan, Trisha Yearwood, Emmylou Harris, Bonnie Raitt, Bette Midler, Johnny Cash, Stevie Nicks, Mary Black, and others. Johnstone wrote the No. 1 song "The Woman Before Me" on Yearwood's debut CD, which also won an award from Broadcast Music Incorporated. In 1997, Johnny Cash won the Country Album of the Year Grammy for American II: Unchained for which Johnstone wrote the title track. BoJak Records was created by her manager, Bob Burton, in 2002 to release her debut CD Coming of Age, followed by the 2005 release of On a Good Day, Blue Light in 2007, Mr. Sun in 2008, Quiet Girl in 2011, Shatter in 2013, A Woman's Work in 2016, and Living Room in 2019. She lives in Nashville, Tennessee.
Omurtag's Tarnovo inscription
The Omurtag's Tarnovo inscription is an inscription in the Greek language, engraved on a column of dark syenite, found in the SS. Forty Martyrs Church in Tarnovo, Bulgaria. The inscription was found in 1858 when Hristo Daskalov, from Tryavna, managed to visit the church (which was converted to a mosque at that time) and to make a replica of the inscription.

Along with the Chatalar Inscription, the Tarnovo inscription testifies for the active construction during the reign of Kanasubigi Omurtag (r. 814–831 CE). It is assumed that the inscription was made in 822. Historians are uncertain about the original location of the inscription (probably Pliska) and the location of the "new home on the Danube", for which the inscription was created. Contenders include Silistra, the village of Malak Preslavets, or the island of Păcuiul lui Soare (now in Romania).

Syenite
Syenite is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock with a general composition similar to that of granite, but deficient in quartz, which, if present at all, occurs in relatively small concentrations (< 5%). It is considered a granitoid. Some syenites contain larger proportions of mafic components and smaller amounts of felsic material than most granites; those are classed as being of intermediate composition.

The extrusive equivalent of syenite is trachyte.
Far Out (book)
Far Out is a collection of 13 science fiction short stories by American writer Damon Knight. The stories were originally published between 1949 and 1960 in Galaxy, If, and other science fiction magazines. There is an introduction by Anthony Boucher.

The book contains the  story "To Serve Man", which was later adapted for television.

Anthony Boucher
William Anthony Parker White (August 21, 1911 – April 29, 1968), better known by his pen name Anthony Boucher (/ˈbaʊtʃər/), was an American author, critic, and editor who wrote several classic mystery novels, short stories, science fiction, and radio dramas. Between 1942 and 1947, he acted as reviewer of mostly mystery fiction for the San Francisco Chronicle. In addition to "Anthony Boucher", White also employed the pseudonym "H. H. Holmes", which was the pseudonym of a late-19th-century American serial killer; Boucher also wrote light verse which he signed "Herman W. Mudgett" (the murderer's real name).

In a 1981 poll of 17 detective story writers and reviewers, his novel Nine Times Nine was voted as the ninth best locked room mystery of all time.
Gizem Giraygil
Gizem Giraygil (born May 8, 1986) is a Turkish volleyball player. She is 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) tall and plays as setter. Currently, Gizem competes for Lokomotiv Baku in Azerbaijan. She played 59 times for the Turkish national team.

Turkey women's national volleyball team
The Turkey women's national volleyball team (Turkish: Türkiye Kadın Voleybol Milli Takımı) is formed by the Turkish Volleyball Federation (TVF) and represents Turkey in international CEV and FIVB organizations.

The team is the most successful national sports team in the country and has been nicknamed "Filenin Sultanları" (English: Sultans of the Net) since the 2003 Women's European Volleyball Championship hosted in Ankara, Turkey. As of 8 September 2025, the team is ranked third in the FIVB World Rankings. Daniele Santarelli is the head coach of the team.
War of the Worlds (soundtrack)
War of the Worlds (Music from the Motion Picture) is the film score to the 2005 film War of the Worlds directed by Steven Spielberg, starring Tom Cruise, Dakota Fanning, Miranda Otto and Tim Robbins. The film score is composed and conducted by his recurrent collaborator John Williams, performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony and released through Decca Records on June 21, 2005.

Hollywood Studio Symphony
The Hollywood Studio Symphony (sometimes the Hollywood Freelance Studio Symphony) is the credited name of the symphony orchestra behind many major soundtracks, including  The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Sucker Punch, Jurassic Park III, Last Samurai, Pirates of the Caribbean, We Are Marshall, Spider-Man 2,  Lost and The Bourne Supremacy.  Contrary to what its name might suggest, the orchestra is not a conventional symphony orchestra, in that all of its members are freelance musicians who are contracted individually, and differ across individual soundtracks.