hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 VCE exam period controversies
The 2023 Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) exam period began on 2 October with oral language and performance examinations and concluded on 15 November. During the exam period, multiple controversies arose regarding student behaviour on muck-up day and mistakes being made on multiple written examinations.

Senior prank
A senior prank, also known as muck-up day in Australia and the United Kingdom, is a type of organized prank by the senior class of a school, college, or university. They are often carried out at or near the end of the academic year and are part of school traditions. While most senior pranks are harmless, more severe pranks can include damage to school property and other crimes, which can result in disciplinary or even legal repercussions against the perpetrators.
1958 Memorial Cup
The 1958 Memorial Cup final was the 40th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Ottawa-Hull Junior Canadiens an independent team in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Regina Pats of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at the Ottawa Auditorium in Ottawa, Ontario and at Hull Arena in Hull, Quebec, Ottawa-Hull won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Regina 4 games to 2.

George Richardson Memorial Trophy
The George Richardson Memorial Trophy was presented annually from 1932 until 1971, by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. It represented the Eastern Canada junior hockey championship, and a berth in the Memorial Cup final versus the Abbott Cup champion from Western Canada. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy was retired in 1971, when the Memorial Cup became a round-robin series between the winners of the three major junior hockey leagues in Canada; the Western Hockey League, the Ontario Hockey League and Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The trophy was named for Captain George Taylor Richardson, a hockey player who died while serving in World War I.
John of Coutances
John of Coutances was a medieval Bishop of Worcester.

John was a nephew of Walter of Coutances, Bishop of Lincoln and was treasurer of the diocese of Lisieux before his uncle appointed him Archdeacon of Oxford sometime before December 1184. He also was dean of Rouen, and retained the treasurership of Lisieux while archdeacon.

John was elected in January 1196 and consecrated on 20 October 1196. He died on 24 September 1198 or on 25 September. His death was commemorated on 24 September.

Peter of Blois was commissioned by a Bishop of Worcester, probably John of Coutances to write a significant anti-Judaic treatise Against the Perfidy of Jews around 1190.

John should not be confused with a different John of Coutances who, in the 11th–12th century, wrote a chronicle of the Church at Coutances, France.

Archdeacon of Oxford
The Archdeacon of Oxford is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Diocese of Oxford, England. The office responsibility includes the care of clergy and church buildings within the area of the Archdeaconry of Oxford.
2010 Bosnian general election
General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 3 October 2010. They decided the makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency as well as national, entity, and cantonal governments.

The elections for the House of Representatives were divided into two; one for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and one for Republika Srpska. In the presidential election, voters in the Federation elected Bosniak Bakir Izetbegović and re-elected Croat Željko Komšić, while voters in Republika Srpska re-elected Serb Nebojša Radmanović. The Social Democratic Party and the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats emerged as the largest parties in the House of Representatives, each winning 8 of the 42 seats.

Union for a Better Future of BiH
The Union for a Better Future of BiH  (Bosnian: Savez za bolju budućnost BiH or SBB BiH) is a Bosniak centre-right political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The party was founded in September 2009 by Fahrudin Radončić, the founder and owner of Dnevni avaz, the largest daily newspaper in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

As of 20 April 2017, the party has over 76,000 members.
Hector Dobie
Hector D. Dobie (September 7, 1860 – April 21, 1954) was a farmer and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 3rd Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1908 to 1915 as a Conservative.

He was born in St. John's, Newfoundland, the son of the Reverend Robert T. Dobie, and came to Prince Edward Island with his family in 1875. Dobie married Priscilla Dougherty in 1887. He operated a farm in Lot 14. Dobie was also the director of a dairy company. He was defeated when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1915. He and his family moved to Fredericton, NB in 1923 where he operated a dairy farm until 1946.  He sold most of his Fredericton farm to the federal government for the construction of housing for veterans of World War II. That portion of the city is still referred to as "The Dobie" and the type of houses built there are referred to as "Dobie Houses" throughout New Brunswick.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
2012 Open de Rennes – Doubles
Martin Emmrich and Andreas Siljeström were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Philipp Marx and Florin Mergea won the title, defeating Tomasz Bednarek and Mateusz Kowalczyk 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Philipp Marx
Philipp Marx (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːlɪp ˈmaʁks]; born 3 February 1982) is a German professional tennis player. Marx competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ATP World Tour, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking, No. 300, on April 3, 2006, and his highest ATP doubles ranking, No. 53, on 27 September 2010.
CIFA
The acronym CIFA may stand for:

Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture

Cayman Islands Football Association

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, a professional organization

Cook Islands Football Association

Counterintelligence Field Activity

CIFA (computer) (Calculatorul Institutului de Fizică Atomică (Atomic Physics Institute Computer), an early Romanian computer

CIFA (computer)
CIFA is the acronym for Calculatorul Institutului de Fizică Atomică ('Computer of Atomic Physics Institute').

CIFA-1, the first Romanian computer, was built in 1957 under the guidance of Victor Toma. The experimental first-generation model CIFA-1 was reproduced in small numbers both in the original variant with vacuum tubes as well as in two variants using transistors: CIFA-10X and CET 500.

CIFA-1 was Romanias contribution to the development of computers in socialist countries (together with the USSR, the GDR, Polish People's Republic and CSSR).
Wazi Abdul Hamid
Wazi Abdul Hamid (born 1971) is a veteran motorcycle cub prix rider from Malaysia, winning the 1996 125 cc. Underbone championship. He retired from the motorcycle racing industry in December 2006 and recently, he opened a pocket bike racing course in Taman Desa near Desa Waterpark in Kuala Lumpur together with Shahrol Yuzy. The racing course is known as Yuzywazi Race Course.

Shahrol Yuzy
Shahrol Yuzy Ahmad Zaini (born 23 January 1976 in Teluk Intan, Perak) is a motorcycle Grand Prix rider from Malaysia. After his retirement from motorcycle racing at the end of 2002, he served as a full-time mentor of Team Petronas Sprinta Racing for the Malaysian Cub Prix from 2003 to 2007 before moving to Team Modenas Yuzy Pachi in 2008 as team principal. He is still run as team principal for Yuzy Honda Racing, actively race in both Malaysian Cub Prix and Asia Road Racing Championship. His son, Syahrol Syazras is also a motorcycle racer which he is racing with his father's team in both Malaysian Cub Prix and Asia Road Racing Championship.
Hewitt's ghost frog
The Hewitt's ghost frog (Heleophryne hewitti) is a species of frog in the family Heleophrynidae.
It is endemic to Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
Its natural habitat is fynbos heathland and grassy fynbos. Adults are difficult to see but live in or near fast-flowing perennial rivers and streams where they also breed. Each female lays up to 200 eggs. Tadpoles are more readily seen and take two years to develop fully.

Hewitt's ghost frog has a very restricted range: it is known from in total five rivers, four in the Elandsberg mountains and one in the Cockscomb mountains. Only small remnants of fynbos survive within its range, and it is threatened by habitat loss caused by afforestation, fires, erosion, siltation of streams, dams, and roads. Introduced predatory fish are probably also a threat.

Cockscomb (mountain)
The Cockscomb is a high mountain in the Eastern Cape, in South Africa. It gets its name from its resemblance to a fowl's comb. It is situated in the Baviaanskloof region and the nearest town is Patensie. The Cockscomb is part of the Groot Winterhoek range. Its peak is 1,768 m (5,801 ft) or 1,752 m (5,748 ft) above sea level, depending on the source.
Harun Alpsoy
Harun Alpsoy (born 3 March 1997) is a professional footballer who plays for Turkish TFF 1. Lig club Boluspor. Born in Switzerland, he represented it internationally, before switching allegiance to Turkey.

Boluspor
Boluspor, known as Geosis Boluspor due to sponsorship reasons, is a Turkish professional football club located in the city of Bolu. The clubs plays in red and white kits, and have done so since their formation in 1965. Some of famous players of her were Lütfü Isıgöllü, Sinan Alayoğlu, Sadullah Acele, Rıdvan Dilmen, Sercan Görgülü, Halil İbrahim Eren, Recep Çetin, Ali Beykoz, Şenol Fidan, Müfit İkizoğlu and Faruk Yiğit.

Domestically, the club has won the TFF Second League on one occasion, finishing as runner-up to the Turkish Cup. Their greatest success in top-flight football came in 1974, when they finished in third place.
Generative anthropology
Generative anthropology is a field of study based on the hypothesis that the origin of human language happened in a singular event. The discipline of Generative Anthropology centers upon this original event which Eric Gans calls The Originary Scene. This scene is a kind of origin story that hypothesizes the specific event where language originated. The Originary Scene is powerful because any human ability: our ability to do science, to be ironic, to love, to think, to dominate, etc can be carefully explained first by reference to this scene of origin.

Because The Originary Scene was the origin of all things human; Generative Anthropology attempts to understand all cultural phenomena in the simplest terms possible: all things human can be traced back to this hypothetical single origin point.

High Point, North Carolina
High Point is a city in the Piedmont Triad region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. Most of the city is in Guilford County, with parts extending into Randolph, Davidson, and Forsyth counties. As of the 2020 census the city had a total population of 114,059. High Point is the ninth-most populous in North Carolina, the third-largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad, and the 259th-most populous city in the U.S.

Major industries in High Point include furniture, textiles, and bus manufacturing. The city's official slogan is "North Carolina's International City" due to the semi-annual High Point Furniture Market that attracts 100,000 exhibitors and buyers from around the world. It is home to High Point University, a private Methodist-affiliated institution founded in 1924.

The current mayor of High Point is Cyril Jefferson.
Great duoantiprism
In geometry, the great duoantiprism is the only uniform star-duoantiprism solution p = 5, q = ⁠5/3⁠, in 4-dimensional geometry. It has Schläfli symbol {5}⊗{5/3}, s{5}s{5/3}  or ht0,1,2,3{5,2,5/3}, Coxeter diagram , constructed from 10 pentagonal antiprisms, 10 pentagrammic crossed-antiprisms, and 50 tetrahedra.

Its vertices are a subset of those of the small stellated 120-cell.

Coxeter–Dynkin diagram
In geometry, a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram (or Coxeter diagram, Coxeter graph) is a graph with numerically labeled edges (called branches) representing a Coxeter group or sometimes a uniform polytope or uniform tiling constructed from the group.

A class of closely related objects is the Dynkin diagrams, which differ from Coxeter diagrams in two respects: firstly, branches labeled "4" or greater are directed, while Coxeter diagrams are undirected; secondly, Dynkin diagrams must satisfy an additional (crystallographic) restriction, namely that the only allowed branch labels are 2, 3, 4, and 6. Dynkin diagrams correspond to and are used to classify root systems and therefore semisimple Lie algebras.
Kimberley Regiment
The Kimberley Regiment is an infantry regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
Helen Klaassen
Helen Gertrude Klaassen (26 June 1865 – 31 May 1951) was an English physicist.

She was the daughter of Hendericus Klaassen, a geologist who had emigrated from Prussia in the 1840s. Her sister was botanist Henderina Scott.

She attended the University of Cambridge, carrying out electrochemical experiments at the Cavendish Laboratory in the late 1880s and 1890s. At the suggestion of J. J. Thompson, she studied electric resistance curves in sulphuric acid.

She worked as lecturer in physics at Newnham College, Cambridge, and as a demonstrator in physics at the Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women in 1891–1901.

Her most notable work was a collaboration with Alfred Ewing on the magnetic properties of iron, published by the Royal Society of London in 1893.

Klaassen was a member of the National Union of Scientific Workers and also took an interest in nursing.

Cavendish Laboratory
The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences. The laboratory was opened in 1874 on the New Museums Site as a laboratory for experimental physics and is named after the British chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish. The laboratory has had a huge influence on research in the disciplines of physics and biology.

The laboratory moved to a new site in West Cambridge in 1974.  In 2025 it moved again to the Ray Dolby Centre, still in West Cambridge.

As of 2019, 30 Cavendish researchers have won Nobel Prizes. Notable discoveries to have occurred at the Cavendish Laboratory include the discovery of the electron, neutron, and structure of DNA.
Kashgar River
The Kashgar River (also spelled Kaxgar; known in its upper course as the Kizilsu; Uyghur: قەشقەر دەرياسى, romanized: Qeshqer deryasi;  simplified Chinese: 喀什噶尔河; traditional Chinese: 喀什噶爾河) is a river in the Xinjiang region of the People’s Republic of China.

It rises on the eastern slopes of the Pamir Mountains, near the Alay Valley close to the border with Kyrgyzstan. From there, the river flows generally eastward, passing through the ErkeshtamPass and the city of Kashgar, after which it continues into the northwestern margins of the Taklamakan Desert. The Kashgar River ultimately joins the Yarkand River. Among its tributaries is the Ma'erkansu River.

Erkeshtam
Erkeshtam, called Irkeshtam in Chinese and Dungan, or Erkech-Tam in Uyghur and Kyrgyz, is a border crossing between Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang, China, named after a village on the Kyrgyz side of the border in southern Osh Region. The border crossing is also called Simuhana (斯姆哈纳), after the first settlement on the Chinese side of the border, but Erkeshtam is now the more common name used in both countries.

Erkeshtam is the westernmost border crossing in China. It is one of two border crossings between Kyrgyzstan and China, the other being Torugart, some 165 km (103 mi) to the northeast.
Vincy Twomey
Vincent "Vincy" Twomey (1929 – 30 May 1993) was an Irish hurler who played as a centre-back for the Cork senior team.

Born in Blackpool, Cork, Twomey first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor team before later joining the junior side. He joined the senior panel during the 1950 championship. Twomey went on to play a key role during a golden age for the team, and won three All-Ireland medals, four Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Twomey won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he was a multiple championship medallist with Glen Rovers. Twomey also enjoyed championship success as a Gaelic footballer with St. Nicholas'.

Throughout his career Twomey made 19 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1957 championship.

Glen Rovers GAA
Glen Rovers is a Cork-based Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Blackpool, Cork, Ireland. The club was founded in 1916 and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling. They have been historically part of the Big Three of Cork hurling along with city rivals Blackrock and St Finbarr's.
Arthur James Wilson
Arthur James Wilson (Faed Wilson) (1858–1945) was an English cyclist, cycling administrator, activist and journalist. He became deaf at age 12 after contracting scarlet fever and Faed was a self-applied anagram of 'deaf'. He was a member of the National Cyclists' Union executive committee and joint editor of the Bicycling Times and Touring Gazette. A founder member of the North Road Cycle club in 1885 he was associated with the industry, the sport, the journalism and the pastime of cycling and touring.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
Tejturi Bazar
Tejturi Bazar is a neighborhood in Tejgaon, Dhaka.  It's divided into East Tejturi Bazar & West Tejturi Bazar. It situated on both sides of Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue. It's densely populated and situated in the heart of the city.

Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue
Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue is a major avenue in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The avenue was formerly known as VIP Road. It starts from Doyal Square at University of Dhaka and ends at Bijoy Sarani Intersection.
2004 Italian Open – Women's doubles
Svetlana Kuznetsova and Martina Navratilova were the defending champions, but Kuznetsova decided not to compete this year. Navratilova teamed up with Lisa Raymond and lost in second round to Elena Likhovtseva and Anastasia Myskina.

Nadia Petrova and Meghann Shaughnessy won the title, defeating Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez 2–6, 6–3, 6–3 in the final. It was the 8th title for Petrova and the 8th title for Shaughnessy in their respective careers. It was also the 4th title for the pair during this season.

Virginia Ruano Pascual
Virginia Ruano Pascual (Spanish pronunciation: [biɾˈxinja ˈrwano pasˈkwal]; born 21 September 1973) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. She had moderate success in singles, winning three WTA Tour titles as well as reaching two major quarterfinals and a top-30 ranking, but she had been far more successful in doubles.

She won 43 career doubles titles, including eleven at Grand Slam tournaments: ten in women's doubles (eight partnering Paola Suárez, and two partnering Anabel Medina Garrigues) and one in mixed doubles (partnering Tomás Carbonell). Between 2002 and 2004, along with Suárez, she reached nine consecutive Grand Slam tournament finals (won five) and they reached at least the semifinals of the last twelve Grand Slam tournaments they played. Their winning run came to an end when they lost in the 2009 Wimbledon semifinals. Alongside Suarez, the pair was named as a ITF World Champions for the three consecutive years in a row (2002-2004).
2012–13 United Counties League
The 2012–13 United Counties League season (known as the 2012–13 ChromaSport & Trophies United Counties League for sponsorship reasons) was the 106th in the history of the United Counties League, a football competition in England.

United Counties League
The United Counties League (also known for sponsorship reasons as the GCE Hire Fleet Ltd. United Counties League) is an English football league covering an area including the English counties of northern Bedfordshire, northern Buckinghamshire, most of Cambridgeshire, south Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Huntingdonshire, Leicestershire, most of Lincolnshire, western Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, northern Oxfordshire, Rutland, eastern Staffordshire, eastern Warwickshire and eastern West Midlands. It has a total of five divisions, three for first teams and two for reserve teams, but the reserves' divisions were merged into a single division for the 2013–14 season and remains so at present.

Clubs in the Premier Divisions are eligible to enter the FA Cup in the preliminary round stages. The clubs in the league are eligible for the FA Vase, and there are knockout cups for the Premier/Division One clubs and for the Reserve Divisions clubs.
Viktoriya Isakova
Viktoriya Evgenievna Isakova (Russian: Викто́рия Евге́ньевна Иса́кова; born 12 October 1976) is a Russian theater and film actress.  Her film credits include  Tochka (2006), The Island (2006)  and Mirrors (2013).  Her television credits include Ottepel (2013). In 2015 she starred in Rodina, the Russian TV adaptation of Homeland.

The Thaw (Russian TV series)
The Thaw (Russian: Оттепель, romanized: Ottepel) is a Russian television series which debuted in 2013. Valery Todorovsky debuted as a TV director with it. The 12-episode series is a melodrama about life in the Soviet Union during the Khrushchev Thaw, specifically about film artists of the age. Relational is that Todorovsky's father worked on film in roughly this era. In the West the series has been compared to Mad Men in terms of tone and visuals, though the subject and plots are quite different.