hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Purdy Bridge
The Purdy Bridge is a continuous reinforced concrete box girder bridge that spans 550 feet (170 m), with a central span of 190 feet (58 m), between Henderson Bay and Burley Lagoon. The bridge connects Purdy, Washington with the Purdy Sand Spit Park and Wauna, Washington.

Purdy Bridge was completed on September 29, 1937, at a cost of $62,000, from a design by Homer M. Hadley. It was the first bridge in the United States to utilize a reinforced-concrete box girder design and it was the longest continuous box girder bridge in the United States at the time.

The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Box girder bridge
A box girder bridge, or box section bridge, is a bridge in which the main beams comprise girders in the shape of a hollow box. The box girder normally comprises prestressed concrete, structural steel, or a composite of steel and reinforced concrete. The box is typically rectangular or trapezoidal in cross-section. Box girder bridges are commonly used for highway flyovers and for modern elevated structures of light rail transport. Although the box girder bridge is normally a form of beam bridge, box girders may also be used on cable-stayed and other bridges.
French Louie
Louis Seymour, known as "French Louie" or "Adirondack French Louie" (c. 1832 – February 28, 1915) was an Adirondack guide, trapper, woodsman and hermit. His age was unknown, but his death certificate said he was 84. He was born near Ottawa, Canada, sometime around 1832.: 1  French Louie is mentioned in virtually every book written about the south-central Adirondacks. A lot of what is known of him is from the oral tradition, but Harvey Dunham wrote a biography in 1953.

Trapping
Animal trapping, or simply trapping or ginning, is the use of a device to remotely catch and often kill an animal. Animals may be trapped for a variety of purposes, including for meat, fur/feathers, sport hunting, pest control, and wildlife management.

Among trapping methods, some are considered relatively humane while others are seen as excessively cruel. Laws in the European Union and many U.S. states ban inhumane traps such as foothold traps, and instead promote body-grip traps, which kill animals quickly and are therefore regarded as more humane. All traps, whether for capture or killing, must be checked at least every 24 hours, and humane guidelines recommend more frequent checks and, where possible, the use of monitoring devices that alert when a trap is triggered. Because improper trapping can cause severe animal suffering and pose risks to pets, wildlife, and humans, specialized certification programs train professionals in humane and safe pest management.
Gamecity Lifestyle Shopping Mall
Gamecity LifeStyle Shopping Mall is a lifestyle shopping mall located in Gaborone, Botswana. Currently it has 126 shops, with more available by mid-2014.

The property is owned and managed by Turnstar Holdings Limited, Botswana.

Notable retailers include:

Checkers Hyper - groceries

Woolworths - groceries, clothing

Edgars - clothing, cosmetics

Mr. Price - clothing

Choppies - information technology

Toys "R" Us - toys

Ster-Kinekor - movies

Stuttafords was previously an anchor department store until its closing in 2017.

Notable restaurants:

KFC

Wimpy

Nando's

Notable banks:

BancABC

Barclays Bank

First National Bank

Stanbic Bank

Standard Chartered Bank

Nando's
Nando's (/ˈnændoʊz/; Afrikaans: [ˈnandœs]) is a South African multinational fast casual restaurant chain that specialises in Portuguese flame-grilled, peri-peri style chicken. The name is derived from a nickname for the male given name Fernando, in reference to one of the company's founders.

Founded in Johannesburg in 1987, Nando's operates over 1,200 outlets in 30 countries. Their logo depicts the Rooster of Barcelos, one of Portugal's most common symbols. The company was wholly owned by Dick Enthoven until his death in 2022, and is now owned by his family.
Ravenswood Park
Ravenswood Park is a nature reserve in the western section of Gloucester, Massachusetts owned and managed by the Trustees of Reservations, which acquired the property in 1993. It can be accessed from Western Avenue, the road to Manchester through the Magnolia area. Ravenswood Park is frequented by cross-country skiers during the winter.

Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts
Manchester-by-the-Sea (also known simply as Manchester, its name prior to 1990) is a coastal town on Cape Ann, in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The town is known for scenic beaches and vista points. According to the 2020 population census, the population is 5,395.

The town lies on the southern side of Cape Ann, at the point where the peninsula meets the mainland.  The North Shore was populated by the Agawam people prior to European settlement, which began in 1629, about a decade after an epidemic killed much of the native people.  Fishing was the major industry in the town almost from its incorporation in 1645, but in the mid-19th century it began to grow as a popular seaside resort community.  The town has appeared, either by name or as a filming location, in a number of films and TV shows, notably the eponymous 2016 film Manchester by the Sea.
Anthony Morse
Anthony Perry Morse (21 August 1911 – 6 March 1984) was an American mathematician who worked in both analysis, especially measure theory, and in the foundations of mathematics. He is best known as the co-creator, together with John L. Kelley, of Morse–Kelley set theory.  This theory first appeared in print in Kelley's General Topology. Morse's own version appeared later in A Theory of Sets.

He is also known for his work on the Morse–Sard theorem and the Federer–Morse theorem.

Anthony Morse should not be confused with Marston Morse, known for developing Morse theory.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 75 kg
The women's 75 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on September 20.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.

Clean and jerk
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk, the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.

Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is included in Olympic weightlifting events. Clean and jerk is most commonly performed with a squat clean and a split jerk.
Brazilian units of measurement
A number of different units of measurement were used in Brazil to measure quantities including length, area, volume, and mass as those units were derived from Portugal and had significant local variances.

In 1814 as part of the Portuguese Empire, Brazil adopted the new Portuguese metric system, which was based in the original metric system, but with its units having Portuguese traditional names. This system was not, however, widely adopted and was soon abandoned, with the Portuguese customary units continuing to be used.

In 1862 the metric system finally became compulsory in Brazil, and consolidated in 1972.

Alqueire
Alqueire is a traditional unit of measurement in Portuguese. The term has been documented in Portugal since the 12th century. It is derived from the Arabic word أَكْيَال (al-kayl), which roughly means 'measure'. It was originally used to measure the amount of dry goods (such as grain) a pack animal could carry, in the form of satchels or baskets. In Portugal, the alqueire was used as a measure of capacity and eventually it was used also as a measure of area of productive land. The spread of Portuguese culture took both meanings of the word to different parts of the world.
Carl Guttenberg
Carl Gottlieb Guttenberg (also Carl-Gottlieb, Carl Gottfried) (near Nuremberg, 21 August 1743 – Paris, 20 May 1790) was a German draughtsman and engraver.  He received his initial training in Nuremberg and Bern before traveling to Paris in 1767 to study under the engraver Jean Georges Wille.  After a brief sojourn in Basel (1772–73), he lived and worked in Paris, producing portraits, calligraphy, and illustrations from his own designs and those of other artists.

Jean-Michel Moreau, Le Rendez-vous pour Marly, engraved by Carl Guttenberg c. 1777

Suppression of convents under Joseph II (1782)

The Invocation to Love

Wilhelm Tell (c. 1780)

Thun, partial view from the castle towards the lake

Nidau, town and castle, from the northeast

Thun
Thun (German pronunciation: [tuːn] ⓘ; French: Thoune [tun]) is a town and a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located where the Aare flows out of Lake Thun (Thunersee), 30 kilometres (19 miles) southeast of Bern.

As of December 2018 the municipality has about 45,000 inhabitants and around 80,000 live in the agglomeration.

Besides tourism, machine and precision instrument engineering, the largest garrison in the country, the food industry, armaments and publishing are of economic importance to Thun.

The official language of Thun is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Liberation of Kalamata
The Liberation of Kalamata took place on 23 March (O.S.) 1821 when Greek irregular revolutionary forces took control of the city after the surrender of the Ottoman garrison, without fighting. It was one of the first events of the Greek War of Independence. Kalamata became the first major town to be liberated.

Kalamata
Kalamata (Greek: Καλαμάτα [kalaˈmata]) is the second most populous city of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece after Patras, and the largest city of the homonymous administrative region. As the capital and chief port of the Messenia regional unit, it lies along the Nedon River at the head of the Messenian Gulf.

The 2021 census recorded 72,906 inhabitants for the wider Kalamata Municipality, of which 66,135 resided in the municipal unit of Kalamata, and 58,816 in the city proper. Kalamata is renowned as the land of the Kalamatianos dance, Kalamata olives and Kalamata olive oil.
Lorenza Ramírez de Arellano
Isabel Lorenza (Lorencita) Ramírez de Arellano y Bartoli (July 8, 1902 – March 5, 1970) was the first wife of former Governor of Puerto Rico Luis A. Ferré and served as First Lady from 1968 until her death in 1970.

Ramírez de Arellano was born on Esperanza Street in San Germán, Puerto Rico to Alfredo Ramírez de Arellano y Rosell (1880–1961). She had a younger brother, Alfredo Ramírez de Arellano y Bartoli (1915 – 2011), who would go on to establish the first television broadcasting station, WORA-TV, in the western area of Puerto Rico, as well as the first frequency-modulated radio station there, WORA-FM.

In 1931, she met Luis A. Ferré and married a few months later on May 30, 1931. They had two children together: Antonio Luis and Rosario.

When her husband, Ferré, won the 1968 general elections, Ramírez de Arellano assumed the role of First Lady. However, she died on March 5, 1970, one year after Ferré was sworn in.

San Germán, Puerto Rico
San Germán (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ xeɾˈman]) is a historic town and municipality located in the Sabana Grande Valley of southwestern region of Puerto Rico, south of Mayagüez and Maricao, north of Lajas, east of Hormigueros and Cabo Rojo, and west of Sabana Grande. San Germán is spread over eighteen barrios plus San Germán Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is both a principal city of the San Germán–Cabo Rojo Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Mayagüez–San Germán–Cabo Rojo Combined Statistical Area.
San Germán is the second oldest city of Puerto Rico, after San Juan, and its historic downtown is preserved as the San Germán Historic District.

Puerto Rico was, at one time, divided administratively between the San Juan and the San Germán municipalities. The latter covered the western half of Puerto Rico and extended from the western shores of the island to Arecibo in the north and Ponce in the south.
Lucio Silla
Lucio Silla (Italian: [ˈluːtʃo ˈsilla]), K. 135, is an Italian opera seria in three acts composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 16. The libretto was written by Giovanni de Gamerra, revised by Pietro Metastasio.

It was first performed on 26 December 1772 at the Teatro Regio Ducale in Milan and was regarded as "a moderate success".

Handel's opera Silla (1713) covered the same subject. Other operas with the same title were also composed by Leonardo Vinci (1723), Pasquale Anfossi (1774), and Johann Christian Bach (1776).

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
Blue-chested hummingbird
The blue-chested hummingbird (Polyerata amabilis) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae.
It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest.

The hummingbird feeds by trap-lining and also defends feeding territory (particularly in nectar-poor habitat), taking nectar and also small insects gleaned from foliage. These foraging territories are often on the borders of forests in areas of scattered flowers. The males will form leks to try to gain the attention of females during breeding season.

This species was formerly placed in the genus Amazilia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Amazilia was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the blue-chested hummingbird was moved to the resurrected genus Polyerata.

Trap-lining
In ethology and behavioral ecology, trap-lining or traplining is a feeding strategy in which an individual visits food sources on a regular, repeatable sequence, much as trappers check their lines of traps. Traplining is usually seen in species foraging for floral resources. This involves a specified route in which the individual traverses in the same order repeatedly to check specific plants for flowers that hold nectar, even over long distances. Trap-lining has been described in several taxa, including bees, butterflies, tamarins, bats, rats, and hummingbirds and tropical fruit-eating mammals such as opossums, capuchins and kinkajous. Traplining is used to term the method in which bumblebees and hummingbirds go about collecting nectar, and consequently, pollinating each plant they visit. The term "traplining" was originally coined by Daniel Janzen, although the concept was discussed by Charles Darwin and Nikolaas Tinbergen.
Mason Lamar Williams
Mason Lamar Williams III (January 20, 1943 – June 28, 2021) was an engineer and physicist, noted for his contributions in the areas of magnetic recording and data storage on hard disk drives (HDD). A large part of his career was with the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California. After retiring, Williams played a major role in the restoration and demonstration of the IBM RAMAC at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California

HGST
HGST, Inc. (Hitachi Global Storage Technologies) was a manufacturer of hard disk drives, solid-state drives, and external storage products and services.

It was initially a subsidiary of Hitachi, formed through its acquisition of IBM's disk drive business. It was acquired by Western Digital in 2012. However, until October 2015, it was required to operate autonomously from the remainder of the company due to conditions imposed by Chinese regulators. Chinese regulators later permitted Western Digital to begin wider integration of HGST into its main business. By 2018, the HGST brand had been phased out, with its remaining products now marketed under the Western Digital name.
David Ginsburg (politician)
David Ginsburg (18 March 1921 – 18 March 1994) was a British politician.

Ginsburg was educated at University College School, Hampstead, and Balliol College, Oxford. During his time at Oxford University, he was chair of the Oxford University Democratic Socialist Club. He was an economist and market research expert and was secretary of the Labour Party's research department.

At the 1959 general election, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Dewsbury in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

In 1981, Ginsburg was among the Labour MPs who defected to the new Social Democratic Party. In 1983, he polled 25% of the vote in Dewsbury, coming third and possibly having the effect of splitting the Labour vote and helping the Conservative candidate John Whitfield win.

Ginsburg died in 1994 on his 73rd birthday.

1959 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday, 8 October 1959. The Conservative Party under the leadership of incumbent prime minister Harold Macmillan won a landslide victory with a majority of 100 seats. This was their third election victory in a row.

The Conservatives won the largest number of votes in Scotland, but narrowly failed to win the most seats in that country. They have not made either achievement ever since. Both Jeremy Thorpe, a future Liberal leader, and Margaret Thatcher, a future Conservative leader and eventually Prime Minister, first entered the House of Commons following this election.
2015 International Tennis Tournament of Cortina – Doubles
Íñigo Cervantes and Juan Lizariturry were the defending champions, but they did not participate this year.

Italians Paolo Lorenzi and Matteo Viola won the tournament, defeating Lee Hsin-han and Alessandro Motti in the final.

Juan Lizariturry
Juan Lizariturry Setién (born 20 April 1991) is a Spanish professional tennis player playing on the ATP Challenger Tour. On 14 July 2014, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of No. 304 and his highest doubles ranking of No. 329 achieved on 20 April 2015.
KPGR
KPGR (88.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a high school radio format. Licensed to Pleasant Grove, Utah, United States, the station is owned by Alpine School District. Students at Pleasant Grove High School take a beginning radio class as sophomores and juniors; those who pass the class try out for DJ positions on the radio, and only 26 students are chosen. KPGR is completely run by students from 6:30 a.m. to 10 p.m., Monday through Friday; on weekends and holidays the station is run by an automated system.

Pleasant Grove, Utah
Pleasant Grove, originally named Battle Creek, is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States, known as "Utah's City of Trees". It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 39,604 as of April of 2025.
Montano d'Arezzo
Montano d'Arezzo flourished about the end of the 13th, and the commencement of the 14th, centuries. In 1305 he painted two chapels of the Castel Nuovo, and in 1306 two chapels of the Castel del Uovo, at Naples. He was a favourite of King Robert, who knighted him in 1310. The chapel of the Monastery of Monte Vergine, near Avellino, has a picture of the Madonna said to be by him. The Dormitory dei Giovannetti of the Seminario Urhano, at Naples, has a half-length picture of a Bishop by him. The dates of Montano d'Arezzo's birth and death are no longer known, and little can now be found belonging to this artist.

Castel dell'Ovo
Castel dell'Ovo ("Egg Castle") is a seafront castle in Naples, located on the former island of Megaride, now a peninsula, on the Gulf of Naples in Italy. The castle's name comes from a legend about the Roman poet Virgil, who had a reputation in the Middle Ages as a great sorcerer and predictor of the future. In the legend, Virgil put a magical egg into the foundations to support the fortifications. It remains there along with his bones, and had this egg been broken, the castle would have been destroyed and a series of disastrous events for Naples would have followed. The castle is located between the districts of San Ferdinando and Chiaia, facing Mergellina across the sea.
Inborn errors of renal tubular transport
Inborn errors of renal tubular transport are metabolic disorders which lead to impairment in the ability of solutes, such as salts or amino acids, to be transported across the brush border of the renal tubule. This results in disruptions of renal reabsorption.

Examples of these disorders include Iminoglycinuria, renal tubular acidosis and Gitelman syndrome.

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Appleby's Methodist Church
Appleby's Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church located near St. George, Dorchester County, South Carolina. It was probably built about 1840–1850, and is a one-story, wooden meeting house in the Greek Revival style. The building is clapboard and the medium gable roof is covered with asphalt shingles. Also on the property is a contributing late 19th-century cemetery.

It was built in 1840 and added to the National Register in 1978.

Meeting house
A meeting house (also spelled meetinghouse or meeting-house) is a building for religious and sometimes private meetings. It is primarily associated with Christian worship of certain movements after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, or later movements that developed from a Christian basis.