hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duanqiao, Guizhou
Duanqiao (simplified Chinese: 断桥; traditional Chinese: 斷橋; pinyin: Duànqiáo) is a town in Guanling Buyei and Miao Autonomous County, Anshun, Guizhou province, China. As of 2018, it had 15 villages under its administration.

Anshun
Anshun (simplified Chinese: 安顺; traditional Chinese: 安順; pinyin: Ānshùn) is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population of 765,313. Within the prefecture are attractions such as The Long Gong Dragon Caves and the Getu River.
Kit Laybourne
Kit Laybourne is a television producer and educator. Laybourne was an executive producer of animation, documentary and interactive shows at Oxygen Network a company co-founded by his wife Geraldine and Oprah Winfrey. His major production credits include Braingames for HBO, Eureeka's Castle and Gullah Gullah Island for Nickelodeon, Liquid Television for MTV, and Media Probes for PBS. In 2021, he became chief creative officer for The Whistle, a media company focusing on sports for kids.

For a dozen years, Laybourne and partner Eli Noyes ran Noyes & Laybourne, an independent animation and branding studio in TriBeCa. Most of its major works included ID's for MTV and Nickelodeon, shorts for the Children's Television Workshop, and shows for Scholastic and Nick Jr.

Braingames (1983 TV series)
Braingames is an American educational program shown on HBO in the mid-1980s. It was a half-hour program consisting of brain-teasing animated skits (either stop-motion or cartoon) designed to make the viewers think.  It was HBO's first attempt at a show focused on educational skits, predating Crashbox by 15 years.
Blanche Henrietta Johnes Shelley
Blanche Henrietta Johnes Shelley Pechell (15 December 1835 – 12 April 1898) was a British photographer and writer.

Blanche Henrietta Johnes Shelley was the daughter of Sir John Villiers Shelley, 7th Baronet and Louisa Elizabeth Anne Knight. She was a distant relative of photographic pioneer Henry Fox Talbot and her family became involved in early experiments with photography.  Her only surviving photograph, Ferns and Daffodil, dates from 1854.

She married genealogist Hervey Charles Pechell in 1874.

In 1876, she published a children's story called Fernseed; or, The Woodland Fairy.

She inherited Maresfield Park from her father, on her death leaving it to her husband Hervey Pechell, who died in December the same year, and subsequently bequeathed it to their friend Count Alexander Münster.

Maresfield
Maresfield is a village and civil parish in the Wealden District of East Sussex, England. The village itself lies 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north from Uckfield; the nearby villages of Nutley and Fairwarp; and the smaller settlements of Duddleswell and Horney Common; and parts of Ashdown Forest all lie within Maresfield parish.
Kit gun
Kit guns are multi-purpose utility handguns, intended to be used for small game hunting, plinking, pest control, as ancillary weapons and self defense. They are generally small, lightweight, .22 rimfire revolvers, designed to be easily packed in a hunting, camping or fishing "kit". They are ideally suited for shooting snake shot at snakes, rodents, birds, and other pest at very close range. They are also commonly used as the coup de grâce by hunters and fishermen or as a method of animal euthanasia when drug overdose is not available.

Sidearm (weapon)
A sidearm is an individual-served weapon that is kept at one's side and can be rapidly accessed if needed. A sidearm may be carried alone or as an ancillary weapon to a more frequently-used primary weapon. The term historically referred to swords, daggers, and similar small weapons kept at one's side in a sheath, and in modern combat dominated by guns, sidearms are often defined as handguns that are similarly kept in a holster.

A sidearm is typically required equipment for military officers and may be carried by law enforcement personnel. Usually, uniformed personnel of these services wear their weapons openly, while plainclothes personnel have their sidearms concealed under their clothes.
Moss Lane, Alderley Edge
Moss Lane is a cricket ground in Moss Lane, Alderley Edge, Cheshire. The ground is surrounded on all four sides by residential housing. The ground is used by Alderley Edge Cricket Club. It is also a venue for tennis, squash and field hockey.

Bangladesh A cricket team
The Bangladesh A cricket team, also known as Bangladesh Emerging cricket team, is a cricket team representing Bangladesh, and is the second tier of international Bangladeshi cricket, below the full Bangladesh men's national cricket team. The team played its first game against the Pakistan national team, at Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protisthan Cricket Ground on 5 January 2002.
Follett's Modern American Usage
Follett's Modern American Usage is the book published with the title Modern American Usage which was left in draft form and unfinished by Wilson Follett at his death. It was completed and edited by his friend Jacques Barzun in collaboration with six other editors.  It is a usage guide for contemporary American English. Modern American Usage covers issues of usage, prose composition, and style, including English grammar, syntax, and literary techniques.

Literary device
In writing and speaking, a literary device, literary technique, rhetorical device, stylistic device, or trope is any deliberate strategy of using language that an author or orator employs to be more effective at achieving some purpose. This purpose may be: to focus or guide the audience's attention, to make the language or its content memorable, or to evoke a particular emotional, rational, aesthetic, or other response.

Literary devices are classifiable into sub-categories, such as narrative devices, poetic devices, argumentative devices, linguistic schemes or templates, or other techniques distinct to certain forms of language. They can be difficult to cleanly classify, however, as many are common across multiple such forms and can intersect under various categories, such as figures of speech.
Stephen J. Benkovic
Stephen James Benkovic is an American chemist known for his contributions to the field of enzymology. He holds the Evan Pugh University Professorship and Eberly Chair in Chemistry at The Pennsylvania State University. He has developed boron compounds that are active pharmacophores against a variety of diseases. Benkovic has concentrated on the assembly and kinetic attributes of the enzymatic machinery that performs DNA replication, DNA repair, and purine biosynthesis.

Polymerase
In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or half ladder replication.

A DNA polymerase from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7), is used in the polymerase chain reaction, an important technique of molecular biology.

A polymerase may be template-dependent or template-independent. Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is also known to have template independent and template dependent activities.
Nazarsho Dodkhudoyev
Nazarsho Dodkhudoyev (1915–2000) was a Soviet Tajik politician. He was born in Rushan in the MBAV. He graduated from college in 1935, a year after he started his political career by joining the Komsomol. He edited the youth paper Pioneer of Tajikistan in 1939–1940. He worked for the NKVD secret service throughout the 1940s, before he was appointed head of the provincial executive committee of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. In 1950, he became chair of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR, and from 1956 to 1961, he was the head of the Tajik SSR government as well as its minister of foreign affairs.

He was the father of Larisa Dodkhudoeva and Lola Dodkhudoeva.

Rushon
Rushon (Tajik: Рӯшон, Russian: Рушан, romanized: Rushan, Persian: روشان, Pamiri: Ręxon) is a town and the seat of Rushon District of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in southeastern Tajikistan. The town with aglomeration has a total population of 6,577 (2015).
Antonio Chas
Antonio Chas Veira (14 March 1915 – 11 December 1980) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward for Celta de Vigo, Racing de Santander, Espanyol, and Real Oviedo in the 1930s and 1940s. He also played two matches for the Catalan national team.

Catalan football championship
The Catalan football championship (Campionat de Catalunya) was a football competition in Catalonia and the first football league in Spain before La Liga was established in 1929.

In December 1900, Alfons Macaya, the president of Hispania AC, offered a trophy (the Copa Macaya) to be contested by several football teams from Spain. The league was played between 1901 and 1940 and was cancelled in Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War.
Dolphin Point
Dolphin Point is a locality and residential area on the southern fringe of the Milton-Ulladulla conurbation, New South Wales, Australia. It is located about 7 km south of Ulladalla town centre on the southern shore of the Burrill Lake inlet and bounded to the east by the Tasman Sea. It is part of the Shoalhaven local government area. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 204.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Anastas Petrov
Anastas Petrov (Bulgarian: Анастас Петров; born 24 June 1973) is a retired Bulgarian footballer and the current manager of Balkan Varvara. He was born in Pazardzhik and started his career with the local team PFC Hebar. He also turned out for PFC Botev Plovdiv (on three occasions), PFC Spartak Varna (on two occasions), PFC Naftex Burgas and PFC Marek Dupnitsa.

FC Hebar Pazardzhik
FC Hebar (Bulgarian: Футболен клуб Хебър) is a Bulgarian professional football club based in Pazardzhik. The club currently competes in the Second League, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system.

Founded in 1918, Hebar has played at their current home ground, Stadion Georgi Benkovski, since 1989. Hebar has played a total of five seasons in the top level of Bulgarian football, most recently in 2024-25. In 2001, despite finishing ninth in the A Group that season (club’s highest finish), the owners of the club moved the assets of the club to Petrich, reforming Belasitsa Petrich. Fans from Pazardzhik re-founded the club the same year, starting from the amateur levels.
Eric J. Sharpe
Eric John Sharpe (19 September 1933 – 19 October 2000) was the founding Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia. He was a major scholar in the phenomenology of religion, the history of modern Christian mission, and inter-religious dialogue.

Nathan Söderblom
Lars Olof Jonathan Söderblom (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈnɑ̌ːtan ˈsø̌ːdɛrblʊm]; 15 January 1866 – 12 July 1931) was a Swedish bishop. He was the Church of Sweden Archbishop of Uppsala from 1914 to 1931, and recipient of the 1930 Nobel Peace Prize. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on 12 July.
Li Nina
Li Nina (Chinese: 李妮娜; pinyin: Lǐ Nīnà, born January 10, 1983, in Benxi, Liaoning) is a Chinese aerial skier who won silver at both the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics. She placed 5th at the 2002 Winter Olympics, and has won three World Championships in aerials.

Aerial skiing
Aerial skiing or aerials is a freestyle skiing discipline where athletes ski down a slope to launch themselves off a kicker (a vertically inclined ramp) and perform multiple twists and flips before landing on an inclined landing hill. Aerialists are scored on their jumps based on air, form and landing with their score multiplied by the degree of difficulty of the jump they performed.

Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup, FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and the Winter Olympic Games.
Friedl Däuber
Friedl Däuber (5 January 1911 – 1 May 1997) was a German alpine and cross-country skier who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics.

He was born and died in Berchtesgaden.

In 1936 he was a member of the German cross-country relay team which finished sixth in the 4x10 km relay event.

Berchtesgaden
Berchtesgaden (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁçtəsˌɡaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria, in southeastern Germany, near the border with Austria, 30 km (19 mi) south of Salzburg and 180 km (110 mi) southeast of Munich. It lies in the Berchtesgaden Alps. South of the town, the Berchtesgaden National Park stretches along three parallel valleys.

The Kehlstein mountain (1,835 m or 6,020 ft), with its Kehlsteinhaus (Eagle's Nest), is located in the area.
Paula Miller
Paula Jean Miller (born August 1, 1959) is an American politician. She was a Democratic member of the Virginia House of Delegates 2005–2012, representing the 87th district in the city of Norfolk. She ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the special election to fill the seat being vacated by Ralph Northam, who was elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, in the Virginia Senate, District 6, representing portions of Norfolk, the Eastern Shore, and Virginia Beach. She lost to fellow delegate Lynwood Lewis.

Virginia's 6th Senate district
Virginia's 6th Senate district is one of 40 districts in the Senate of Virginia. The new 2021 redistricting has moved the designation of 6th Senate District to far southwestern Virginia.

Before the recent redistricting, the old district had been represented by Democrat Lynwood Lewis since his victory in a highly contested 2014 special election to succeed fellow Democrat Ralph Northam, who was elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.
Clemence Massif
Clemence Massif (72°11′S 68°43′E﻿ / ﻿72.183°S 68.717°E﻿ / -72.183; 68.717) is an elongated, mostly ice-free massif, 15 nautical miles (28 km) long and rising to 1,274 metres (4,180 ft), standing 30 nautical miles (56 km) southeast of Shaw Massif on the east side of Lambert Glacier. It was discovered by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions personnel from Beaver aircraft piloted by Flying Officer D.M. Johnston, Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), in 1957, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Squadron Leader P.H. Clemence, who commanded the RAAF Antarctic Flight at Mawson Station in 1957.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
Breath and Taxes (EP)
Breath and Taxes is the third EP by Spahn Ranch, released in 1994 by Zoth Ommog Records. The song "Breath and Taxes" contains the lyrics "Charles, Charles in a jar" in direct reference to Charles Manson.

Zoth Ommog Records
Zoth Ommog Records was a German record label that focused on Industrial music and was owned by parent label Music Research. The company was established by German music producer Andreas Tomalla (aka Talla 2XLC) in 1989 and later handed over to producer Torben Schmidt of the band Lights of Euphoria.  The label released albums for such bands as Leæther Strip, X Marks the Pedwalk, Bigod 20, Lights of Euphoria and Klinik between 1989 and 1999.

The company based its name on the fictional character Zoth-Ommog in the Cthulhu Mythos.

In the United States, many of the Zoth Ommog artists were released in the US under Cleopatra Records and Metropolis Records.
Shandur Pass
Shandur Pass (Urdu: شندور) is a pass located 
on the boundary of Upper Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Gilgit-Baltistan, a disputed territory within the larger region of Kashmir. Often referred to as 'The Roof of the World, it is located besides the Shandur Polo Ground which hosts the annual Shandur Polo Festival.

Shandur Pass, which is considered one of the most serene areas of Pakistan, is at an elevation of around 12,500 ft (3,800 m). It connects the two regions of Pakistan via a road. It is 212 km away from Gilgit.

Gilgit
Gilgit (/ˈɡɪlɡɪt/; Shina: گِلیٗت IPA: [ɡi˧.leː˨˦t̪]; Urdu: گِلْگِت IPA: [ˈɡɪlɡɪt̪]) is the capital and most-populous city in Pakistani-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. It is located in a broad valley near the confluence of the Gilgit and the Hunza rivers. Gilgit is a major tourist destination in Pakistan, serving as a hub for trekking and mountaineering expeditions in the Karakoram mountain range of northern Pakistan.

Gilgit was once a major centre for Buddhism; it was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, and today serves as a major junction along the Karakoram Highway with road connections to China as well as the Pakistani cities of Skardu, Chitral, Peshawar, and Islamabad. The economic activity is mainly focused on agriculture, with wheat, maize, and barley as the main crops.
Kostroma Gostiny Dvor
The Gostiny Dvor in Kostroma is the best preserved complex of provincial Neoclassical trading arcades in Russia. It was built on the site of the ancient Kostroma kremlin after the great fire of 1773. The complex comprises more than ten buildings constructed over a period of almost five decades.

The merchant court was designed by Charles Claire, although many other architects (including Vasily Stasov) modified the original design. The construction was supervised by the local Vorotilov family. Each arch was occupied by a separate shop or tavern. The ground floor was for trade, whereas the second and third storeys were for storage and general warehousing.

The centerpiece of the inner trade square is the five-domed Saviour church (1766) with a distinctive tall belltower. The white obelisks flanking the main entrance were erected to commemorate a royal visit to the city in 1823.

Obelisk
An obelisk (/ˈɒbəlɪsk/; from Ancient Greek  ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós) ' spit, nail, pointed pillar'), less often spelled obelisque, is a tall, slender, tapered monument with four sides and a pyramidal or pyramidion top. Originally constructed by Ancient Egyptians and called tekhenu, the Greeks used the Greek term obeliskos to describe them, and this word passed into Latin and ultimately English. Though William Thomas used the term correctly in his Historie of Italie of 1549, by the late sixteenth century (after reduced contact with Italy following the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth), Shakespeare failed to distinguish between pyramids and obelisks in his plays and sonnets. Ancient obelisks are monolithic and consist of a single stone; most modern obelisks are made of several stones.
Tocopherol O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a tocopherol O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.95) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and gamma-tocopherol, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and alpha-tocopherol.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:gamma-tocopherol 5-O-methyltransferase. This enzyme is also called gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in biosynthesis of steroids.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
Albuquerque Eastern Railway
The Albuquerque Eastern Railway, sometimes called the Albuquerque Eastern Railroad,  was chartered July 22, 1901, by the same parties interested in the Santa Fe Central Railway which was completed in 1903 between a rail junction at Torrance, New Mexico and Santa Fe, New Mexico.  The plan was for the Albuquerque Eastern to branch from the Santa Fe Central at Moriarty, New Mexico and run 43 miles west through the Tijeras Pass to Albuquerque.  The entire line was graded with a railbed, however, construction was halted in 1905 after only the first 8 miles of track out of Moriarty had been built, due to the Comptroller of the Currency closing the doors of the bank financing the construction.

Other routes were surveyed, including a branch running northwest toward the coalfields around Hagan, New Mexico and on to Algodones or San Felipe; but, none were brought to fruition.  The Albuquerque Eastern was consolidated with the Santa Fe Central in 1908 to form the New Mexico Central Railroad.

Algodones, New Mexico
Algodones (English: Cotton or Cottons) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 814 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mylochromis guentheri
Mylochromis guentheri is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is found over sandy substrates.  This species can reach a length of 20 centimetres (7.9 in) TL.  This species can also be found in the aquarium trade. The specific name honours the German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist Albert Günther (1830-1914).

Albert Günther
Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther FRS, also Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Günther (3 October 1830 – 1 February 1914), was a German-born British zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. Günther is ranked the second-most productive reptile taxonomist (after George Albert Boulenger) with more than 340 reptile species described and the third-most productive fish taxonomist with about 1600 fish species described.