hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madeley Old Manor
52°58′39″N 2°20′22″W﻿ / ﻿52.97750°N 2.33944°W﻿ / 52.97750; -2.33944

Madeley Old Manor (in the 14th century Madeley Castle), was a medieval fortified manor house in the parish of Madeley, Staffordshire. It is now a ruin, with only fragments of its walls remaining. The remnants have Grade II listed building status and the site is a scheduled monument. The Tudor manor house is illustrated by Michael Burghers as it appeared in 1686 in Plot's History of Staffordshire, together with the formal gardens and a later east frontage. It is situated a short distance to the south of Heighley Castle, a mediaeval seat of the Audley family.

Robert Plot
Robert Plot (13 December 1640 – 30 April 1696) was an English naturalist and antiquarian who was the first professor of chemistry at the University of Oxford and the first keeper of the Ashmolean Museum.
Bill Keys (trade unionist)
William Herbert Keys (1 January 1923 – 19 May 1990) was a British trade union leader.

Keys grew up in south London, and served in the British Army during World War II.  After being demobbed, he joined the National Union of Printing, Bookbinding and Paper Workers (NUPBPW), serving as its National Organiser from 1953 to 1960.

In 1960, Keys became the London Secretary of the NUPBPW, remaining in the role when it became part of the Society of Graphical and Allied Trades.  In 1970, he was promoted to become General President of the union, then in 1974 he was elected as General Secretary.  That year, he was also elected to the General Council of the Trades Union Congress.

Keys served on numerous committees, including those of the Central Arbitration Committee, the Commission for Racial Equality, the Institute of Manpower Studies and the European Social Fund.

Keys retired in 1985, and died five years later.

Central Arbitration Committee
The Central Arbitration Committee is a UK government body, established in 1975, whose task is to oversee the regulation of UK labour law as it relates to trade union recognition and collective bargaining.
Kim Kyung-wook
Kim Kyung-wook (born April 18, 1970) is a South Korean archer and Olympic champion. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where she won a gold medal with the South Korean archery team, and also an individual gold medal. Furthermore, Kim Kyung-wook is now the owner and head coach of GK96 archery club located in Cerritos, California. GK96 is a top ranked club in California.

Archery at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Archery at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta consisted of four events, two for men and two for women. The events were held in neighboring Stone Mountain.
All archery was done at a range of 70 metres.  64 archers competed in each the men's individual and women's individual competitions. They began with a 72-arrow ranking round. This was followed by three elimination rounds, in which archers competed head-to-head in 18-arrow matches. After these rounds, there were 8 archers left. The quarterfinals, semifinals, and medal matches (collectively termed the "finals round") were 12-arrow matches. In all matches, losers were eliminated and received a final rank determined by their score in that round, with the exception of the semifinals. The losers of the semifinals competed in the bronze medal match.
Baldwin de Boulers
Baldwin de Boulers came to England in 1105 when he was granted the Lordship of Montgomery, Powys in marriage with Sybil de Falaise. Sybil was referred to as the niece of Henry I of England but is commonly believed, probably incorrectly, to be one of his illegitimate children.

Baldwin was of a Flemish family from Boelare and his father was Stephen, Baron de Boelare. Boelare is now known as NederBoelare and is part of the town of Geraardsbergen, East Flanders, Belgium.

The de Boulers were based at Hen Domen, the original site for Montgomery Castle and it is from Baldwin that Montgomery gets its Welsh name, Trefaldwyn "The Town of Baldwin".

The de Boulers continued as a prominent Shropshire family, becoming the Bowdlers.

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
Lecky
Lecky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Lecky (1940–2003), Canadian rower

John Lecky (rugby union, born 1863), New Zealand rugby union player

John Lecky (rugby union, born 1960), Canadian rugby union player

Prescott Lecky (1892–1941), American psychologist

William Edward Hartpole Lecky (1838-1903), Anglo-Irish historian

William Edward Hartpole Lecky
William Edward Hartpole Lecky, OM, PC, FBA (26 March 1838 – 22 October 1903) was an Irish historian, essayist, and political theorist with Whig proclivities. His major work was an eight-volume History of England during the Eighteenth Century.
Mogens Jeppesen
Mogens Jeppesen (born July 10, 1953) is a Danish former handball player who played for Ribe and Danish national team.

In 1987 won the Danish male player of the year award.

He competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics and in the 1984 Summer Olympics.
In 1980 he was part of the Danish team which finished ninth in the Olympic tournament. He played all six matches as goalkeeper.
Four years later he finished fourth with the Danish team in the 1984 Olympic tournament. He played all six match as goalkeeper again.

Handball at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Handball at the 1984 Summer Olympics featured competition for men and women. Due to the USSR-led boycott some strong handball nations from Eastern Bloc did not compete; this gave an opportunity to the Yugoslav team to take both gold medals.  Games were played at Titan Gym in Fullerton, California, and the finals were at the Forum, later the Kia Forum, in Inglewood, California.
The Key to Theosophy
The Key to Theosophy is an 1889 book by Helena Blavatsky, expounding the principles of theosophy in a readable question-and-answer manner. It covers Theosophy and the Theosophical Society, Nature of the Human Being, Life After Death, Reincarnation, Kama-Loka and Devachan, the Human Mind, Practical Theosophy and the Mahatmas. The book is an introduction to Theosophical mysticism and esoteric doctrine.

Nonviolent activist Mohandas Gandhi spoke of it in his autobiography:

"This book stimulated in me the desire to read books on Hinduism, and disabused me of the notion fostered by the missionaries that Hinduism was rife with superstition."

Mahatma
Mahatma (English pronunciation: /məˈhɑːtmə, məˈhætmə/, Sanskrit: महात्मा, romanized: mahātmā, IPA: [mɐ.ɦɑːt.mɑː], from Sanskrit  महा (mahā) 'great' and  आत्मा (ātmā) 'soul') is an honorific used in India. The term is commonly used for Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is often referred to simply as "Mahatma Gandhi" (lit. 'Venerable Gandhi'). Albeit less frequently, this epithet has also been used with regard to such people as Basava (1131–1167), Swami Shraddhanand (1856–1926), Lalon Shah (1772–1890), Ayyankali (1863–1941), and Jyotirao Phule (1827–1890).

The term mahātmā has also been historically used for a class of religious scholars in Jainism; for the selected religious leaders in Theosophy; and for local religious teachers in the Divine Light Mission church.
Räterschen railway station
Räterschen is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich and municipality of Elsau. The station is located on the St. Gallen–Winterthur line and is served by trains on the Zurich S-Bahn lines S12 and S35. It is located within fare zone 164 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
SmiNet
SmiNet is a system for communicable disease surveillance in Sweden, established in 2004. Practicing doctors and laboratories can report individual cases of notifiable communicable diseases in Sweden on SmiNet. Suspected cases of COVID-19 are reported on SmiNet, using the form designed for SARS. SmiNet merges the laboratory results to the clinical case records of the individual using their Social Security number. SmiNet also contains tools for outbreak investigation, contact tracing and case management. During the first year of inception, SmiNet received  54,980 clinical notifications and 32,765 laboratory notifications, which generated 58,891 case records. A 2011 study found that the stakeholders considered SmiNet to deliver useful information for health policy decision making.

SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus. The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. In the 2010s, Chinese scientists traced the virus through the intermediary of Asian palm civets to cave-dwelling horseshoe bats in Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township, Yunnan.

SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. No cases of SARS-CoV-1 have been reported worldwide since 2004.

In December 2019, a second strain of SARS-CoV was identified: SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease behind the COVID-19 pandemic.
Azeia
Azeia (Ancient Greek: Ἄζεια) was a town of the ancient Troad.

It was a member of the Delian League; the inhabitants of Azeia are cited in the tribute records of Athens between the years 452/1 and 415/4 BCE. The inhabitants are supposed to be identified with the demonym Azeiotai (Ἀζειώται)
mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium, quoting a fragment of Hellanicus of Lesbos. It has also been related to the patronymic "Azida", mentioned by Homer in the Iliad.

Its site is unlocated.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Stockton-Ray House
The Stockton-Ray House, near Edmonton in Metcalfe County, Kentucky, was built in 1808.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Its original part is a two-story three-bay brick Hall-and-Parlor-plan structure, with end chimneys.  A frame addition was added to the rear around 1865.

It is located off the junction of U.S. Route 68/Kentucky Route 80 and Cumberland Parkway, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northwest of Edmonton.

Edmonton, Kentucky
Edmonton is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Metcalfe County, Kentucky, United States.  It is part of the Glasgow Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,671 at the 2020 census.
Smallworld Cable
Smallworld Fibre (previously Smallworld Cable, Wightcable North and OMNE) was a British telecommunications company based in Irvine, North Ayrshire. Their coverage area used to be Irvine, Dreghorn, Troon, and Kilmarnock in the west of Scotland, and Carlisle, Lancaster and Morecambe in the northwest of England, where they served over 40,000 homes.
Smallworld provided broadband, telephone, and digital television services to residential customers from 2001 to 2014, when the company was acquired by Virgin Media.

Troon
Troon (Scottish Gaelic: An Truthail) is a town and sea port in South Ayrshire, situated on the west coast of Ayrshire in Scotland, about eight miles (thirteen kilometres) north of Ayr and three miles (five kilometres) northwest of Glasgow Prestwick Airport. Troon has a port with ferry and freight services, and a yacht marina. Up until January 2016, P&O operated a seasonal ferry service to Larne. In May 2006, a ferry service to Campbeltown was added, although this was withdrawn the following year. Since March 2024, Caledonian MacBrayne have operated a ferry service to Brodick on the Isle of Arran.

In the 2001 census the population of Troon, not including the nearby village of Loans but including the Barassie area, was estimated at 14,766, a 4.77% increase on the 1991 estimate of 14,094. The population in 2024 is just over 15,000.
Gabi Le Roux
Gabriel Le Roux is a South African keyboardist, composer and music producer. Trained as a classical and jazz keyboardist, he has produced platinum rock and Afrikaans music records, but he is best known for producing kwaito music with the likes of Mandoza, Lebo Mathosa, and TKZee. His most famous and top selling work is "Nkalakatha", released in 2000, which he produced for Mandoza. The single topped the charts, and the album by the same name went platinum, selling over 350,000 copies.

Le Roux started his music career as a keyboardist before moving into production, starting with a mbaqanga record he made with Themba Ngwenya in 1989. He co-founded the Kaleidosound recording studio with Tim White in Cape Town in 1995. His work has garnered five South African Music Awards, including two SAMA Song of the Year awards.

He was the subject of a complete episode of the series, The Producers, televised by M-Net on the channel Mzansi Magic.

Kwaito
Kwaito is a music genre that emerged in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, between the late 1980s and 1990s. It is a sound that features the use of South African sounds and samples. Kwaito songs occur at a slower tempo range than other styles of house music and often contain catchy melodic and percussive loop samples, deep bass lines and vocals. They are also very similar tempos to early 1990s NYC house tracks.
Dipseudopsidae
Dipseudopsidae is a family of caddisflies in the order Trichoptera. There are about 6 genera and at least 110 described species in Dipseudopsidae.

The type genus for Dipseudopsidae is Dipseudopsis F. Walker, 1852. The oldest fossils are of the extant genus Phylocentropus, from the Barremian aged Lebanese amber.

Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.
Hafs
Hafs (Abū ʽAmr Ḥafṣ ibn Sulaymān ibn al-Mughīrah ibn Abi Dawud al-Asadī al-Kūfī, Arabic: أبو عمرو حفص بن سليمان بن المغيرة الأسدي الكوفي, 706–796 AD; 90–180 AH), according to Islamic tradition, was one of the primary transmitters of one of the seven canonical methods of Qur'an recitation (qira'at). His method via his teacher Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud has become the most popular method across the majority of the Muslim world.

In addition to being the student of Aasim, Hafs was also his son-in-law. Having been born in Baghdad, Hafs eventually moved to Mecca where he popularized his father-in-law's recitation method.

Eventually, Hafs' recitation of Aasim's method was made the official method of Egypt, having been formally adopted as the standard Egyptian printing of the Qur'an under the auspices of Fuad I of Egypt in 1923. The majority of copies of the Quran today follow the reading of Hafs. In North and West Africa there is a bigger tendency to follow the reading of Warsh.

Fuad I of Egypt
Fuad I (Arabic: فؤاد الأول Fu’ād al-Awwal; 26 March 1868 – 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later King of Egypt and the Sudan. The ninth ruler of Egypt and Sudan from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, he became Sultan in 1917, succeeding his elder brother Hussein Kamel. He replaced the title of Sultan with King when the United Kingdom unilaterally declared Egyptian independence in 1922.
N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase
In enzymology, a N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase (EC 2.5.1.66) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-arginine  N2-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine, whereas its two products are N2-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine and phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:L-arginine N2-(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl) transferase (2-carboxyethyl-forming). Other names in common use include CEAS, N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthetase, CEA synthetase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:L-arginine 2-N-(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl), and transferase (2-carboxyethyl-forming).  This enzyme participates in clavulanic acid biosynthesis.

Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.  The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation. Only the l-arginine (symbol Arg or R) enantiomer is found naturally. Arg residues are common components of proteins. It is encoded by the codons CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG. The guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide. Like all amino acids, it is a white, water-soluble solid.

The one-letter symbol R was assigned to arginine for its phonetic similarity in English.
Chōju-ji (Kamakura)
Hōkizan Chōju Zenji (宝亀山長寿禅寺) is a Rinzai Buddhist temple of the Kenchō-ji school in Yamanouchi (a.k.a. Kita-Kamakura), near Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It lies between two Kita-Kamakura landmarks, the entrance of the Kamegayatsu Pass and Kenchō-ji, the oldest Zen monastery in Japan. Chōju-ji is one of two bodaiji (菩提寺), or funeral temples, dedicated to Ashikaga Takauji, founder of the dynasty of shōguns that carries his name. (The other is Kyoto's Tōji-in.) In its garden there are a gorintō dedicated to the shōgun and a hōkyōintō containing some of his hair. Chōju-ji has recently opened for the first time its doors, and receives visitors from Friday to Sunday, 10 AM to 3 PM. The temple allows the use of pocket cameras, however professional and semiprofessional equipment are forbidden, the reason being that visitors should not visit the temple to take photographs.

Gorintō
Gorintō (五輪塔) ("five-ringed tower") is a Japanese type of Buddhist pagoda believed to have been first adopted by the Shingon and Tendai sects during the mid Heian period. It is used for memorial or funerary purposes and is therefore common in Buddhist temples and cemeteries. It is also called gorinsotōba or gorinsotoba (五輪卒塔婆) ("five-ringed stupa") or goringedatsu (五輪解脱), where the term sotoba is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word stupa. The stupa was originally a structure or other sacred building containing a relic of Buddha or of a saint, then it was gradually stylized in various ways and its shape can change quite a bit according to the era and to the country where it is found. Often offertory strips of wood with five subdivisions and covered with elaborate inscriptions also called sotoba can be found at tombs in Japanese cemeteries (see photo below). The inscriptions contain sūtra texts and the posthumous name of the dead person. These can be considered stupa variants.
Panic High School
Panic High School (高校大パニック, Koko Dai Panikku), also known as High School Big Panic and Panic in High School, is a Japanese youth suspense action film directed by Gakuryū Ishii and Yukihiro Sawada. The film is a remake of a film of the same name released the year before and also directed by Ishii. The plot follows Jono, a high school student who steals a rifle and shoots at his school staff before holding multiple students hostage as revenge for the school's oppressive academic system. It was released in Japan on August 19, 1978.

Gakuryū Ishii
Gakuryu Ishii (石井 岳龍, Ishii Gakuryū; born January 15, 1957), formerly known as Sogo Ishii (石井 聰亙, Ishii Sōgo), is a Japanese filmmaker known for his stylistic punk films, which helped spark the cyberpunk movement in Japan. A number of contemporary filmmakers including Quentin Tarantino have cited Ishii's films as an influence.
Zeik-Bye
Smin E Bya-Ye Zeik-Bye (Mon: သ္ငီ အဲာပြရဲာ ဇိပ်ဗြဲာ; Burmese: သမိန် အဲပြရဲ ဇိပ်ဗြဲ, Burmese pronunciation: [θəmèiɴ ʔɛ́ bə jɛ́ zeiʔ bjɛ́]; also spelled Zeip Bye) was chief minister of Hanthawaddy in the 1380s in the service of kings Binnya U and Razadarit. He was a key figure responsible for Razadarit's ascent to power. Though he lost the chief ministership to Byat Za and Dein Mani-Yut in 1388, Zeik-Bye continued to serve as a senior minister at least until 1408.

Hanthawaddy kingdom
The Hanthawaddy kingdomMon: ဍုၚ် ဟံသာဝတဳ, [hɔŋsawətɔe]listenⓘ; Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also Rone Hongsarwatoi or simply Pegu), classical name Ham̥sāvatī ("Realm of Hamsa"), was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (Mon: ရးမည, Burmese: ရာမည ဒေသ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan kingdom in 1287: 205–206, 209  as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.
Carolyn Washburn
Carolyn Washburn is an American journalist who was the vice president and editor of The Cincinnati Enquirer until May 2015. Previously she was the vice president and editor of The Des Moines Register. She was also the executive editor of Idaho Statesman until 1999.

Washburn began her career in journalism in 1984 at the Lansing State Journal as a business reporter Covering Oldsmobile, General Motors and the United Auto Workers. She  was promoted to business editor. She moved to the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle in 1987 covering Eastman Kodak Co.

The Des Moines Register
The Des Moines Register is the daily morning newspaper of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Formed through the development and merger of several 19th century newspapers, it began publishing under its current name in 1915. The paper came under the ownership of the publisher and holding company Gannett in 1985. It won its first Pulitzer Prize in 1924 and has since won 16 more, with the most recent coming in 2018 for editorial writing.