hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dold–Thom theorem
In algebraic topology, the Dold-Thom theorem states that the homotopy groups of the infinite symmetric product of a connected CW complex are the same as its reduced homology groups. The most common version of its proof consists of showing that the composition of the homotopy group functors with the infinite symmetric product defines a reduced homology theory. One of the main tools used in doing so are quasifibrations. The theorem has been generalised in various ways, for example by the Almgren isomorphism theorem.

There are several other theorems constituting relations between homotopy and homology, for example the Hurewicz theorem. Another approach is given by stable homotopy theory. Thanks to the Freudenthal suspension theorem, one can see that the latter actually defines a homology theory. Nevertheless, none of these allow one to directly reduce homology to homotopy. This advantage of the Dold-Thom theorem makes it particularly interesting for algebraic geometry.

CW complex
In mathematics, and specifically in topology, a CW complex (also cellular complex or cell complex) is a topological space that is built by gluing together topological balls (so-called cells) of different dimensions in specific ways. The notion generalizes both manifolds and simplicial complexes and has particular significance for algebraic topology. It was initially introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the needs of homotopy theory.
CW complexes have better categorical properties than simplicial complexes, but still retain a combinatorial nature that allows for computation (often with a much smaller complex).

The C in CW stands for "closure-finite", and the W for "weak" topology.
Philomycus carolinianus
Philomycus carolinianus, also known as the Carolina mantleslug, is a species of land slug. It is a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family of Philomycidae. This species is a part of the fauna of the Carolinian Forest in Canada. This species is also a plays a vital role in the ecosystem through nutrient cycling.

Nutrient cycle
A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and noncyclic pathway, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic. Mineral cycles include the carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle, oxygen cycle, among others that continually recycle along with other mineral nutrients into productive ecological nutrition.
Kasama, Ibaraki
Kasama (笠間市, Kasama-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Kasama is the home of Kasama ware and known for 
Japanese chestnuts. As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 73,805 in 29,362 households and a population density of 307 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 32.2%. The total area of the city is 240.400 square kilometres (92.819 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Mike Krahulik
Michael Krahulik (/krəˈhuːlɪk/; born September 25, 1977) is an American artist for the webcomic Penny Arcade and co-founder with Jerry Holkins of Child's Play, a charity that organizes toy drives for children's hospitals. He goes by the online moniker "Jonathan Gabriel" or "Gabe".  Krahulik does not physically resemble his comic strip counterpart, as the character was not originally meant to represent him. He is from Spokane, Washington.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Krifate
Krifate is a small Arab hilali  town and rural commune in Fquih Ben Salah Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 34,103 people living in 5932 households.

Béni Mellal-Khénifra
Béni Mellal-Khénifra (Arabic: بني ملال - خنيفرة, romanized: banī mallāl - ḵunayfira) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco, covering an area of 28,374 km2, and recorded a population of 2,520,776 in the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Beni Mellal.
Gwynfryn Richards
Christianity portal

Gwynfryn Richards was a Welsh Anglican priest   and author  in the second half of the  20th century.

Born on 10 September 1902  and educated at Jesus College, Oxford, he was ordained in  1931. After  curacies in Llanrhos and Aberystwyth he became Rector of Llanllyfni in 1938, a post he held for 11 years. Next he was Vicar of Conwy and then Rural Dean of Arllechwedd.

He  was Archdeacon of Bangor before being appointed Dean of Bangor in 1962. He retired in 1971 and died on 30 October 1992.

Bangor Cathedral
Bangor Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Bangor) is the cathedral church of Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. It is dedicated to its founder, Saint Deiniol.

The site of the present building of Bangor Cathedral has been in use as a place of Christian worship since the sixth century. The cathedral was built on a low-lying and inconspicuous site, possibly so as not to attract the attention of Viking raiders from the sea in ancient times.
Sheldon Clark High School
Sheldon Clark High School (SCHS) was a public high school in unincorporated Martin County, Kentucky, USA, near Inez. It was a part of the Martin County School System.

It was named after Martin County Schools Superintendent Sheldon Clark when both Warfield High School and Inez High School was consolidated in 1972. As of 2017 Martha Williams is the principal. The original Sheldon Clark High School building had to be abandoned after nearby road construction blasting resulted in structural damage, with the school then being housed in a middle school building until a new high school could be built. Construction of the new school, Martin County High School, started in 2016 with the school opening for the 2019–2020 school year.

Martin County, Kentucky
Martin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,287. Its county seat is Inez. The county was founded in 1870 and is named for Congressman John Preston Martin.
Mercedes-Benz OM364 engine
The Mercedes-Benz OM364 is a 4.0 liter (3,972cc) Inline-four engine (I4) Overhead valve (OHV) diesel engine with 2 valves per cylinder. It is related to the Straight-six engine OM366 engine which has two extra cylinders, while the bore and stroke remain unchanged.

It launched in 1983 and was first utilized in the Mercedes-Benz LK followed by the second generation Mercedes-Benz T2. Other applications include the MB-trac, the Mercedes-Benz MB800 and industrial engines. MTU Friedrichshafen sold the engine under the ??? label. The engine had a Direct injection system (inline fuel pump) to deliver fuel to every cylinder. Naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions with and without intercooler existed. Only the turbocharged and intercooled version became EURO II capable from 1994 onwards. A twin-scroll turbocharger was utilized giving ~0.9-1atm of boost.

Mercedes-Benz T2
The Mercedes-Benz T2 is a semi-bonneted light commercial vehicle that was manufactured by Daimler-Benz. The T2 is also known as the "Düsseldorf Transporter", since it was built in Düsseldorf from 1967 to 1991. The third generation, built from 1996 at Ludwigsfelde, was branded the Mercedes-Benz Vario.

In Argentina assembly started with the first generation L 608 D in 1969 and ended in 1990. In 1989, the new products are the L 710, L 914 and 814 with the LO variant (chassis bus). The production ceased in 1996. The Venezuelan version of the T2 was manufactured in Barcelona by the Grupo Consorcio 1390 S.A. (currently MMC Automotriz S.A.) as the Mercedes-Benz Class L3. The L3 was built from 1969 up to 1978, when the company was bought by the Ford Motor Company.
3G Bridge
The Generic Grid-Grid (3G) Bridge is an open-source core job bridging component between different grid infrastructures. Its development started in 2008 within the CancerGrid and EDGeS projects. The aim was to create a generic bridge component that can be used in different grid interoperability scenarios. The 3G Bridge used within the EDGeS project that provides the core component of the Service Grid - Desktop Grid interoperability solution. 3G Bridge helps to connect user communities of different grid systems. For example, communities working on parameter sweep problems (physics, biologists, ...) and using service grid infrastructures can migrate their applications to the more adequate desktop grid platform using the 3G Bridge technology, resulting in an accelerated research.

The project, started in 2008, is technically coordinated by Prof. Peter Kacsuk, head of the Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Systems and Msc. Zoltan Farkas, research leader of LPDS at MTA-SZTAKI, Hungary.

UNICORE
UNICORE (UNiform Interface to COmputing REsources) is a grid computing technology for resources such as supercomputers or cluster systems and information stored in databases. UNICORE was developed in two projects funded by the German ministry for education and research (BMBF). In European-funded projects UNICORE evolved to a middleware system used at several supercomputer centers.  UNICORE served as a basis in other research projects. The UNICORE technology is open source under BSD licence and available at SourceForge.
Forty Words for Sorrow
Forty Words for Sorrow is a 2000 crime novel from Canadian novelist Giles Blunt, and the first to feature his protagonists John Cardinal and Lise Delorme. Blunt had previous published one other novel, Cold Eye, but this was his first crime novel, and the first to be a critical and commercial success. The novel won the Crime Writers' Association Silver Dagger in 2001, and was shortlisted for the Arthur Ellis Award for Best Novel.

In 2015, Sienna Films and eOne Entertainment announced that a television adaptation, Cardinal, was in development. The six-episode series, starring Billy Campbell as John Cardinal and Karine Vanasse as Lise Delorme, premiered on CTV and Super Écran on January 25, 2017 and on Hulu in the US in July 2017.

Crime Writers of Canada Award for Best Novel
The Crime Writers of Canada Award for Best Novel is an annual literary award, presented as part of the Crime Writers of Canada Awards of Excellence program to honour books judged as the best crime novel published by a Canadian crime writer in the previous year.
Silvassa
Silvassa or Selvas (IAST: Selvās, Gujarati: [ˈselʋɑs]) is a city and the headquarters of the Dadra and Nagar Haveli district in Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu in western India. It is today the largest city in the union territory. The city was chosen as one of the hundred Indian cities in Government of India's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

Smart Cities Mission
Smart Cities Mission was an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to develop smart cities across the country, making them citizen-friendly and sustainable. The Union Ministry of Urban Development was responsible for implementing the mission in collaboration with the state governments of the respective cities. In 2017, the ministry was merged with the ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation to form the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

The mission was planned to include 100 cities, with an initial project completion deadline of 2019, later revised to 2023. As of January 2025, 7,479 out of a total of 8,058 tendered projects had been completed, utilizing ₹1,500.05 billion (US$18 billion) of the total allocated amount of ₹1,643.68 billion (US$19 billion). The project was officially shut down on 31 March 2025.
National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation
The National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (Spanish: Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación, ANECA) is the authorised agency of the Spanish government whose aim is to provide external quality assurance for the Spanish higher education system and to contribute to its constant improvement through evaluation, certification and accreditation.

ANECA was created as a foundation in 2002 by the Cabinet of Spain under the Universities Organic Act, and it has the status of Autonomous agency. It is a member of the European Consortium for Accreditation in higher education (ECA).

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Kick the Dust Up Tour
Kick the Dust Up Tour was the third headlining concert tour by American country music singer Luke Bryan, in support of his albums Spring Break...Checkin' Out (2014), and Kill the Lights (2015). It began on May 8, 2015, in Grand Forks, North Dakota and finished on October 30, 2015, in Detroit, Michigan. This tour began the day after his previous tour ended. The tour was the eighth ranked North American tour of 2015, and grossed $71.5 million in revenue.

Luke Bryan
Thomas Luther "Luke" Bryan (born July 17, 1976) is an American country music singer, songwriter, and television personality. Bryan is a five-time "Entertainer of the Year", being awarded by both the Academy of Country Music Awards and the Country Music Association. In 2019, Bryan's 2013 album Crash My Party received the first Album of the Decade award from the Academy of Country Music. He is one of the world's best-selling music artists, with over 75 million records sold. Since 2018, Bryan has been a judge on the singing competition television show American Idol.

His first ten albums – I'll Stay Me (2007), Doin' My Thing (2009), Tailgates & Tanlines (2011), Crash My Party (2013), Spring Break...Here to Party (2013), Spring Break...Checkin' Out (2015), Kill the Lights (2015), Farm Tour... Here's to the Farmer (2016), What Makes You Country (2017), and Born Here Live Here Die Here (2020) – have included 30 number-one hits. Bryan often co-writes with Jeff Stevens.
PFL 8 (2024)
The PFL 8 mixed martial arts event for the 2024 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on August 16, 2024, at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood in Hollywood, Florida, United States. This marked the semi-final playoffs for the Lightweight and Light Heavyweight divisions.

Light heavyweight (MMA)
The light heavyweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes.

The UFC's light heavyweight ranges from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg).

The ONE Championship's light heavyweight division (also known as cruiserweight) has an upper limit of 102.1 kg (225.1 lb).

The Road FC's light heavyweight division places the upper limit at 205 lb (93 kg).

The Misfits MMA's light heavyweight division uses the boxing light heavyweight format. (175 Ib limit).

Light heavyweight is a weight class in mixed martial arts, which generally refers to competitors weighing from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg). It sits between the lighter middleweight division, and the heavyweight division. The light heavyweight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 206 lb (93 kg).
Downtown (Neil Young song)
"Downtown" is a song by Neil Young. It was released in 1995 as the lead single from his twenty-third studio album, Mirror Ball. The song was recorded with the members of rock band Pearl Jam. “Downtown” was nominated for Best Rock Song at the 1996 Grammy Awards.

Mirror Ball (Neil Young album)
Mirror Ball is the 23rd studio album by Canadian-American musician Neil Young, and features members of American rock band Pearl Jam. It was released on June 27, 1995, through Reprise Records. The album has been certified gold by the RIAA in the United States.

In the same year, Pearl Jam released an accompanying EP titled Merkin Ball.
Kladorrachi
Kladorrachi (Greek: Κλαδορράχη, before 1926: Κλαδοράπη – Kladorapi) is a village in the Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece.  It has also been known as Kladorrachi, Kladorobi, Kladorahi, Kladorohi, Kladorabi and Kladoraki. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Florina. It was previously part of the municipality of Kato Kleines. It is located 5 km (3.1 mi) north of the city of Florina.

Western Macedonia
Western Macedonia (Greek: Δυτική Μακεδονία, romanized: Ditikí Makedonía, Greek pronunciation: [ðitiˈki makeðoˈnia]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, consisting of the western part of Macedonia. Located in north-western Greece, it is divided into the regional units of Florina, Grevena, Kastoria, and Kozani. With a population of approximately 255,000 people, as of 2021, the region had one of the highest unemployment rates in the European Union.
John Hench
John Hench (June 29, 1908 – February 5, 2004) was an American artist, designer and director at the Walt Disney Company. For 65 years, he helped design and develop various Disney attractions and theme parks.

Disney Legends
34°9′29.65″N 118°19′35″W﻿ / ﻿34.1582361°N 118.32639°W﻿ / 34.1582361; -118.32639

Disney Legends is a Hall of Fame award that is awarded by the Walt Disney Company to individuals who "[have] made a significant impact on the Disney legacy". The honor was established in 1987, and was traditionally awarded annually during a special private ceremony. Since 2009, it has been awarded on a biennial basis  during Disney's D23 Expo.

Starting in 2024, the Disney Legends awards ceremony was moved from D23 Expo's traditional venue at the Anaheim Convention Center to the larger Honda Center down the street and was hosted by Ryan Seacrest.  The ceremony was recorded and made available for streaming the next day on Disney+.
Frank Walker (musician)
Frank Walker is a Canadian electronic musician and DJ. He is most noted for his single "Only When It Rains", a collaboration with Astrid S which was a Juno Award nominee for Dance Recording of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2020.

Juno Awards of 2020
The Juno Awards of 2020, the 49th Juno Awards, was an awards presentation that was to be held at SaskTel Centre in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan on 15 March 2020. The awards and associated events were cancelled due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, making it the first Juno Awards since 1988 to be cancelled. The award winners were announced on 29 June 2020 in an online event.
Istiqlol Stadium
The Istiqlol Stadium (Uzbek: Istiqlol stadioni) is a football stadium in Fergana, the capital of Uzbekistan. The city of Fergana is located near Fergana International Airport, on the Small Ring Road. The stadium is designed for 20,500 spectators and thus is the sixth largest stadium in Uzbekistan in terms of capacity. It is considered to be the main home arena of Neftchi Fergana and one of the stadiums used by Uzbekistan national football team.

Fergana
Fergana (/fɜːrˈɡɑːnə/;
Uzbek: Fargʻona, pronounced [farʁɒˈna]) is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 320 km (200 mi) east of Tashkent, about 75 km southwest of Andijan, and less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Kyrgyzstan border. The modern city was founded in 1876.
Geoffrey de Saye II
Geoffrey de Saye II (c. 1155–1230), was the Lord of West Greenwich, and a Magna Carta surety. He owned land at Edmonton and Sawbridgeworth. His family bore the arms Quarterly, or and gules.

Geoffrey de Saye II was born in 1155 in West Greenwich, Kent, England, the son of Geoffrey de Saye, Lord of West Greenwich (1135–1214). He died on 24 Aug 1230 in Gascoigne, Poitou, France.

He married Hawise de Clare.

Poitou
Poitou (UK: /ˈpwʌtuː/ PWUH-too, US: /pwɑːˈtuː/ pwah-TOO, French: [pwatu]; Latin: Pictaviensis, Pictavia; Poitevin: Poetou) was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers. Both Poitou and Poitiers are named after the Pictones Gallic tribe.
Captrust
CAPTRUST Financial Advisors (commonly referred to as CAPTRUST) is a U.S.-based independent investment advisory and fiduciary services firm based in Raleigh, North Carolina. CAPTRUST provides investment advisory, fiduciary support, risk-management and wealth-planning services.

Registered investment adviser
In the United States, a registered investment adviser (RIA) is a firm or individual who provides investment advice to clients about securities for compensation and is registered with either the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the appropriate state securities authority, depending on the size and scope of their business.

Registered investment adviser firms receive compensation in the form of fees for providing financial advice and investment management. They are required to act as a fiduciary.
Troy Stetina
Troy Stetina (born November 16, 1963) is an American guitarist and music educator. He was the director of Rock Guitar Studies at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music and writer for Guitar One magazine, and now teaches independently. He has more than forty rock and metal instructional methods and has sold over 1 million units. He has authored over 40 guitar methods for Hal Leonard LLC.

Wisconsin Conservatory of Music
The Wisconsin Conservatory of Music is an independent music school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It teaches classical, jazz, rock, folk, and blues and hosts musical concerts throughout the year. It is housed in a Neoclassical-style mansion built in 1904 for Charles L. McIntosh, treasurer of J.I. Case. In 2000 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
1864 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1864 Vermont gubernatorial election for governor of Vermont took place on September 6. Incumbent J. Gregory Smith was a candidate for reelection to a second one-year term, in keeping with the provisions of the Republican Party's "Mountain Rule". The Democratic nominee was Timothy P. Redfield, a former member of the Vermont Senate, the Free Soil Party's 1851 nominee for governor, and the Democratic nominee in 1863. In the general election, the Republican Party's dominance of Vermont politics continued, and Smith was easily reelected.

J. Gregory Smith
John Gregory Smith (July 22, 1818 – November 6, 1891) was a Vermont businessman and politician. He is most notable for serving as the 28th governor of Vermont from 1863 to 1865, the last of Vermont's Civil War chief executives.