hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rockland Harbor Breakwater Light
Rockland Harbor Breakwater Light is a historic lighthouse complex at the end of the Rockland Breakwater in the harbor of Rockland, Maine.  Replacing a light station at Jameson Point (the northern end of the breakwater), the light was established in 1902, about two years after completion of the breakwater. Now automated, it continues to serve as an active aid to navigation.  The light was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Rockland Breakwater Lighthouse on March 20, 1981.

Rockland, Maine
Rockland is a city in and the county seat of Knox County, Maine,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 6,936. The city is a popular tourist destination. It is a departure point for the Maine State Ferry Service to the islands of Penobscot Bay: Vinalhaven, North Haven and Matinicus.
Doulting Railway Cutting
Doulting Railway Cutting (grid reference ST648424) is a 2.8 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset, notified in 1971.

The cutting was made in the 1850s for the East Somerset Railway which still runs steam trains through the cutting today.

It shows rocks of the Middle Jurassic period including both the Inferior Oolite/Great Oolite Junction
and the Bajocian-Bathonian stage boundary.

Oolite
Oolite or oölite (from Ancient Greek  ᾠόν (ōión) 'egg stone') is a sedimentary rock formed from ooids, spherical grains composed of concentric layers. Strictly, oolites consist of ooids of diameter 0.25–2 millimetres; rocks composed of ooids larger than 2 mm are called pisolites. The term oolith can refer to oolite or individual ooids.
Wilhelm Oxenius
Major Wilhelm Oxenius (9 September 1912 – 13 August 1979) was a German Wehrmacht officer during World War II.

Oxenius served as an aide to Colonel General Alfred Jodl during World War II as a staff officer at the Operations Directorate of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht. He was also an Operations Officer for Panzergruppe West in France in June 1944.

Oxenius is notable for being a member and translator of the delegation that signed the German unconditional surrender at Reims on 7 May 1945 with Colonel General Jodl and General Admiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg.

He was a prisoner of war from 10 May 1945 to 3 January 1948 and died aged 66.

Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
Hans-Georg Friedrich Ludwig Robert von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 – 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the second-to-last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine. He was the only representative of the armed forces to be present at the signing of the German instruments of surrender in Luneburg Heath on 4 May 1945, in Reims on 7 May and in Berlin on 8 May 1945. Von Friedeburg committed suicide shortly afterwards, upon the dissolution of the Flensburg Government.
Street Survival
Street Survival is a teen driving program governed by the BMW CCA Foundation. Through the volunteer efforts of members of the BMW Car Club of America, the Sports Car Club of America, the Mercedes-Benz Club of America, the Porsche Club of America and the Audi Club of North America as well as other automotive enthusiasts who serve as the personal coach with each teen, over 100 schools will be held across the U.S. this year.

BMW CCA Foundation
The BMW Car Club of America Foundation was formed in 2002 by the BMW Car Club of America to benefit BMW owners, enthusiasts, and the general public. As a 501(c)(3) non-profit charity, the Foundation operates a museum, library, and archives and a teen safe driving educational program.

The foundation focuses on two programs:

The Library, Archives, and Museum Program

The Teen Driver Safety Program (Street Survival)
C. Louise Boehringer
Cora Louise Boehringer (1878 – September 11, 1956) was an American educator who was the first female superintendent of schools in Yuma County, Arizona. She has been called "the mother of the Arizona educational system". In 2008 she was inducted into the Arizona Women's Hall of Fame.

Yuma County, Arizona
Yuma County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona, one of 15 counties in the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 203,881. The county seat is Yuma.

Yuma County includes the Yuma, Arizona Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The county borders three states: Sonora, Mexico, to the south, and two other states to the west, across the Colorado River: California of the United States and the Mexican state of Baja California.

Being 63.8% Hispanic in 2020, Yuma is Arizona's largest majority-Hispanic county.
William Henry Taylor (politician)
William Henry Taylor (1848 – 1916) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Middlesex North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1894 to 1904 as a Liberal-Patrons of Industry and then Liberal member.

He was born in Cartwright Township, Durham County, Canada West, the son of William Taylor. Taylor served as reeve for McGillivray Township and as warden for Middlesex County. He was also postmaster at Parkhill. He married Jane Wilson after the death of his first wife. Taylor was a racing enthusiast and died after being kicked by one of his mares.

Middlesex County, Ontario
Middlesex County is a primarily rural county and census division in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Landlocked, the county is bordered by Huron and Perth counties on the north, Oxford County on the east, Elgin County on the south, and Chatham-Kent and Lambton County on the west.

The county seat is the city of London, although the city is politically independent from the county. The Middlesex census division, which consists of the county together with the City of London and three First Nations reserves, had a population of 500,563 in 2021. Part of the county is also included in the London census metropolitan area.
Häme dialects
Häme dialects (Finnish: Hämäläismurteet), or Tavastian dialects, are Western Finnish dialects spoken in Pirkanmaa, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme, and in parts of Satakunta, Uusimaa and Kymenlaakso. The dialect spoken in the city of Tampere is part of the Häme dialects. The Häme dialects have influenced other Finnish dialects (especially the Southwest Finnish dialects).

Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaa (Finnish: [ˈpirkɑmˌmɑː]; Swedish: Birkaland; Latin: Birkaria), also known as Tampere Region in government documents, is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Päijät-Häme, Kanta-Häme and Southwest Finland. Most of the water area in the Kokemäki River watershed is located in the Pirkanmaa region, although Lake Vanajavesi is partly in the Kanta-Häme region. The region got its name from Pirkkala, which in the Middle Ages comprised most of present-day Pirkanmaa. Tampere is the regional center and capital of Pirkanmaa, and at the same time the largest city in the region.

The total population of Pirkanmaa was 529,100 on 30 June 2022, which makes it the second largest among Finland's regions after Uusimaa. The population density is well over twice the Finnish average, and most of its population is largely concentrated in the Tampere metropolitan area.
National Scholastic Surfing Association
The National Scholastic Surfing Association (NSSA) is a surfing association in the United States. It is a member organization of Surfing America, the National Governing Body of Surfing in the United States. Founded in 1978 by Tom Gibbons, John Rothrock, Chuck Allen, Laird Hayes, Holly Allen, and Rob Hill.

Many well-known surfers have competed in the NSSA before turning professional. These include Kelly Slater, Andy Irons, Carissa Moore, Kalani Robb, Cheyne Magnusson, Bethany Hamilton and Bobby Martinez. Carissa Moore currently holds the most NSSA Nationals titles with 11 overall while Kolohe Andino holds the most titles won by a male competitor (9).

Cheyne Magnusson
Cheyne Anders Magnusson (born July 14, 1983) is a professional surfer and one of the stars of MTV's reality show Maui Fever. He has worked as wave DJ at surf parks and is involved in a new venture in Palm Springs.
Houmen railway station
Houmen (simplified Chinese: 鲘门站; traditional Chinese: 鮜門站; pinyin: Hòumén zhàn) is a railway station located in Haifeng County, Shanwei City, Guangdong Province, China, on the Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway operated by the China Railway Guangzhou Group.

China Railway Guangzhou Group
China Railway Guangzhou Group, officially abbreviated as CR Guangzhou or CR-Guangzhou, formerly, Guangzhou Railway (Group) Corporation from 1993 to 2017 and Guangzhou Railway Administration from 1953 to 1993, is a subsidiary company operating under the umbrella of the China Railway Group (formerly the Ministry of Railway). It is responsible for the railway network within Guangdong, Hunan, and Hainan provinces.

Guangzhou Railway is the largest shareholder (37.12%) of Guangshen Railway, the operator of Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway.

Guangzhou Railway is a subsidiary of China Railway. Both companies were incorporated under the Law on Industrial Enterprises, instead of newer Company Law of China.
Bowed string instrument
Bowed string instruments are a subcategory of string instruments that are played by a bow rubbing the strings. The bow rubbing the string causes vibration which the instrument emits as sound.

Despite the numerous specialist studies devoted to the origin of bowing, the origin of bowing remains unknown.

Ghaychak
The ghaychak or gheychak (Persian: قیچک) is a bowed lute used in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan. The name is similar to the Central Asian ghijak, but that instrument is more closely related to the kamancheh.
XP Inc.
XP Inc. is a Brazilian investment management company. The company offers fixed income, equities, investment funds, and private pension products, as well as offers wealth management and other financial services. XP serves customers in Brazil and has offices in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, New York, Miami, London and Geneva.

Private pension
A private pension is a plan into which individuals privately contribute from their earnings, which then will pay them a pension after retirement. It is an alternative to the state pension. Usually, individuals invest funds into saving schemes or mutual funds, run by insurance companies. Often private pensions are also run by the employer and are called occupational pensions. The contributions into private pension schemes are usually tax-deductible.
Pascagoula Parish, Orleans Territory
Pascagoula Parish was a civil parish (county) of the Territory of Orleans, formed in January 1811 from the formerly Spanish West Florida colony, stretching initially from Biloxi to Bayou La Batre, but a few weeks later extended eastward to the Perdido River. The parish was eliminated in 1812 when Louisiana became a U.S. state, and all the Gulf of Mexico coastal lands from the Pearl to the Perdido rivers were transferred to the Mississippi Territory.

Territory of Orleans
The Territory of Orleans or Orleans Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from October 1, 1804, until April 30, 1812, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Louisiana.
Proterochampsia
Proterochampsia is a clade of early archosauriform reptiles from the Triassic period. It includes the Proterochampsidae (e.g. Proterochampsa, Chanaresuchus and Tropidosuchus) and probably also the Doswelliidae. Nesbitt (2011) defines Proterochampsia as a stem-based taxon that includes Proterochampsa barrionuevoi and all forms more closely related to it than Euparkeria capensis, Erythrosuchus africanus, Passer domesticus (the House Sparrow), or Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile crocodile). Therefore, the inclusion of Doswelliidae in it is dependent upon whether Doswellia and Proterochampsa form a monophyletic group to the exclusion of Archosauria and other related groups.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Ephrin A1
Ephrin A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA1 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. This gene encodes an EFNA class ephrin which binds to the EPHA2, EPHA4, EPHA5, EPHA6, and EPHA7 receptors. Two transcript variants that encode different isoforms were identified through sequence analysis.

EPHA7
Ephrin type-A receptor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA7 gene.

This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands.
A. E. Perkins
Archie Ebenezer Perkins (June 21, 1879 – April 19, 1946) was an African American teacher, principal, and author in Mississippi and Louisiana who wrote about subjects related to Black people in the United States. He wrote for periodicals and had several books published.

Perkins was born and raised in Smithdale, Mississippi. He graduated from Alcorn University (now Alcorn State University) near Lorman, Mississippi; he received a Master's degree from New Orleans University; and an LLD degree from Wilberforce University in Ohio. He was principal of the Danneel Negro School. He arranged for musical performances at Danneel Elementary.

Lorman, Mississippi
Lorman is an unincorporated community located in Jefferson County, Mississippi, United States. Lorman is approximately 8 miles (13 km) north of Fayette, near Highway 61 on Mississippi Highway 552.

Lorman is the nearest community to Alcorn State University, in Claiborne County, the alma mater of former NFL quarterback Steve McNair. Its ZIP code is 39096.
Coast Tram
The Coast Tram (Dutch: Kusttram) is a light rail service connecting the cities and towns along the Belgian (West Flanders) coast between De Panne, near the French border, and Knokke-Heist, near the Dutch border. At 67 kilometres (42 mi) in length, it is currently the world's longest metre gauge tram line, and the second-longest light rail service in the world after the A Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system, as well as one of the few interurban tramways in the world to remain in operation. The line is fully electrified at 600 V DC.

Middelkerke
Middelkerke (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɪdəlˌkɛrkə]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders, on the North Sea, west of Ostend. The municipality comprises the villages of Leffinge, Lombardsijde, Mannekensvere, Middelkerke proper, Schore, Sint-Pieters-Kapelle, Slijpe, Westende and Wilskerke. On January 1, 2006, Middelkerke had a total population of 17,841. The total area is 75.65 km2 which gives a population density of 236 inhabitants per km2.

The first reference of 'Middelkerca' is found in 1218. Before 1876 it mainly was a farming settlement.

In 1902, Middelkerke became the world's first municipality to have their drinking water disinfected by continuous chlorination.
Maple Lake (Ontario)
Maple Lake is a lake in the southern portion of Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada. Maple Lake is located north-east of Carnarvon and north-west of Haliburton and is easily reached via Highway 118 on its southern shores and North Shore Road for northern shore. Public access to the lake is available from the municipal access via the boat launch at 1085 Stanhope Airport Road. The lake is semi annually stocked with yearling Lake Trout by the Haliburton Highlands Outdoors Association.  Anglers also fish for whitefish, walleye, largemouth and smallmouth bass.  A population of muskie does also exist in the lake, although fishing for this is generally fairly slow. It is part of a chain of lakes that includes Pine, Green and Beech lakes. Access by small boat is possible between Maple, Green and Pine.

Haliburton County
Haliburton is a county of Ontario, Canada, known as a tourist and cottage area in Central Ontario for its scenery and for its resident artists. Minden Hills is the county seat. Haliburton County and the village of Haliburton are named after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, author, statesman, and the first chairman of the Canadian Land and Emigration Company.

The county borders Algonquin Provincial Park on the north.
Highclere, Tasmania
Highclere is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Burnie in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-west of the town of Burnie. 
The 2016 census determined a population of 120 for the state suburb of Highclere.

North West Tasmania
North West Tasmania is one of the regions of Tasmania in Australia. The region comprises the whole of the north west, including the North West Coast  and the northern reaches of the West Coast.  It is usually accepted as extending as far south as the Pieman River and including the Savage River National Park within the Tarkine region.

The region is characterised by its rugged beauty, from coastlines to agricultural lands. It is a key gateway for the MS Spirit of Tasmania II ferry, which docks at Devonport.
HMCS Gaspé
Several Canadian naval units have been named HMCS Gaspé;

HMCS Gaspé (J94), a Fundy-class minesweeper that entered service in 1938 and was discarded in 1945.

HMCS Gaspé (MCB 143), a Bay-class minesweeper that entered service in 1953 and was transferred to the Turkish Navy in 1958 and renamed Trabzon.

Fundy-class minesweeper
The Fundy-class minesweepers were a class of four minesweepers operated by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. All four ships entered service in 1938 and the class were discarded in 1945, sold for mercantile service. Three ended up sold to Chinese interests, while one remained active in Canada until 1987.

The class derives its name from the lead ship HMCS Fundy and are all named after bays in Canada. The Fundy-class minesweepers were modified versions of the British Basset-class trawler minesweepers. The Canadian ships were given extra strengthening for ice conditions. Two were initially assigned to the West Coast of Canada and two, including Fundy, to the East Coast.
Gary Armstrong (cricketer)
Garfield 'Gary' McCline Armstrong (born 17 April 1965) is a former Bahamian cricketer. Armstrong is a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. Armstrong had represented the Bahamas national cricket team in 27 matches.

Armstrong made his debut for the Bahamas in the 2002 ICC Americas Championship against the United States.

Armstrong made his only Twenty20 appearance for the Bahamas against the Cayman Islands in the 1st round of the 2006 Stanford 20/20.  Armstrong  scored 1 run and took 2/22 with the ball, as the Bahamas lost by 57 runs.

Armstrong also represented the Bahamas in the 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five the 2010 ICC Americas Championship Division 2, where his final appearance for the Bahamas came against Suriname.

Bahamas national cricket team
The Bahamas national cricket team represents The Bahamas in international cricket. The team is organised by the Bahamas Cricket Association (BCA), which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1987 and an associate member in 2017. The national team is first recorded as playing in 1983, but did not feature in an international tournament until 2001, when it played in the inaugural Americas Affiliates Championship. Since then, the Bahamas have regularly participated in ICC Americas tournaments, as well as on one occasion in a World Cricket League event (the 2010 Division Eight tournament). The team was also invited to the 2006 and 2008 Stanford 20/20 tournaments, where matches had full Twenty20 status.

In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between the Bahamas and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 have the T20I status.
Talhiyeh
Talhiyeh (Arabic: طلحية)  is a Syrian village located in Taftanaz Nahiyah in Idlib District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Talhiyeh had a population of 3437 in the 2004 census.

Idlib District
Idlib District (Arabic: منطقة ادلب, romanized: manṭiqat Idlib) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Idlib. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 382,929.
Polarizing filter (photography)
A polarizing filter or polarising filter (see spelling differences) is a filter that is often placed in front of a camera lens in photography in order to darken skies, manage reflections, or suppress glare from the surface of lakes or the sea. Since reflections (and sky-light) tend to be at least partially linearly-polarized, a linear polarizer can be used to change the balance of the light in the photograph. The rotational orientation of the filter is adjusted for the preferred artistic effect.

For modern cameras, a circular polarizer (CPL) is typically used, which has a linear polarizer that performs the artistic function just described, followed by a quarter-wave plate, which further transforms the linearly polarized light into circularly-polarized light. The circular polarization avoids problems with autofocus and the light-metering sensors in some cameras, which otherwise may not function reliably with only a linear polarizer.

Glare (vision)
Glare is difficulty of seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night. Because of this, some cars include mirrors with automatic anti-glare functions and in buildings, blinds or louvers are often used to protect occupants. Glare is caused by a significant ratio of luminance between the task (that which is being looked at) and the glare source. Factors such as the angle between the task and the glare source and eye adaptation have significant impacts on the experience of glare.