hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surfactant leaching (decontamination)
Surfactant leaching is a method of water and soil decontamination, e.g., for oil recovery in petroleum industry. It involves mixing of contaminated water or soil with surfactants with the subsequent leaching of emulsified contaminants. In oil recovery, most common surfactant types are ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated nonylphenols, sulphates, sulphonates, and biosurfactants.

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations
The following are the list of Indonesian diplomats that served as Permanent Representative of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations:

Lambertus Nicodemus Palar, 1950–1953

Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro, 1953–1957

Ali Sastroamidjojo, 1957–1960

Sukarjo Wiryopranoto, 1960–1962

Lambertus Nicodemus Palar, 1962–1965

Ruslan Abdulgani, 1967–1971

Yoga Sugama, 1971–1974

Chaidir Anwar Sani, 1974–1979

Abdullah Kamil, 1979–1982

Ali Alatas, 1982–1988

Nana Sutresna, 1988–1992

Nugroho Wisnumurti, 1992–1997

Makarim Wibisono, 1997–2001

Makmur Widodo, 2001–2004

Rezlan Ishar Jenie, 2004–2007

Marty Natalegawa, 2007–2009

Hassan Kleib, 2010–2011

Desra Percaya, 2012–2015

Dian Triansyah Djani, 2016–2021

Arrmanatha Nasir, 2021-2024

Umar Hadi, 2025-present

Yoga Sugama
General (Ret.) Yoga Sugama (12 May 1925 – 23 April 2003) was the head of Bakin, doubling as KasKopkamtib (1980–1989). He also served as Ambassador of Indonesia to the United Nations. Yoga died in Jakarta Pondok Indah Hospital, and his remains were interred in TMP Kalibata.
University of New Hampshire Wildcat Marching Band
The University of New Hampshire Wildcat Marching Band (UNHWMB or WMB),  is the official marching band of the University of New Hampshire. The WMB plays at home games of the Wildcat football team, typically one away game per season, the Dover and Salem band shows, and various parades across New England.  The band has traditionally had an equal mix of music and non-music majors and claims to have an average GPA consistently above the university's average. The WMB usually marches 90 to 110 members, depending on the year. Its largest roster in the past decade was approximately 125.

In 2001, the WMB was invited to perform for Prince Rainier in Monaco as part of a nine-day tour through Italy and France.

Grading in education
Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100). The exact system that is used varies worldwide.
Morten Schønfeldt
Morten Schønfeldt  (born 18 November 1967) is a Norwegian handball player.

He played for the clubs Bækkelagets SK, SK Wing, Sandefjord HK, Fredensborg/Ski and Pfadi Winterthur. He made his debut on the Norwegian national team in 1988, 
and played 119 matches for the national team between 1988 and 1994. He participated at the 1993 World Men's Handball Championship.

He is a son of Norway international handballer Erik Schønfeldt.

Morten Schønfeldt also coached Nordstrand IF's women's team among others.

Pfadi Winterthur
Pfadi Winterthur  is a team handball club from Switzerland. Currently, Pfadi Winterthur competes in the Swiss First League of Handball.

The club developed out of an informal handball team which won the competitions during the national jamboree of the Schweizer Pfadfinderbund in 1938. The prefix Pfadi (Scout) commemorates the club's roots in the Scout Movement.
Cambridge Historic District, Wards I and III
Cambridge Historic District, Wards I and III is a national historic district in Cambridge, Dorchester County, Maryland. It is a large residential, commercial, and governmental area in the northwest section of the city.  It consists of buildings from the late 18th through the mid 20th century.  Residential building styles include Georgian, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and American Foursquare.  The district includes the Italian Villa style courthouse designed by Richard Upjohn.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Richard Upjohn
Richard Upjohn (22 January 1802 – 16 August 1878) was a British-American architect who immigrated to the United States and became most famous for his Gothic Revival churches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize the Italianate style. He was a founder and the first president of the American Institute of Architects. His son, Richard Michell Upjohn, (1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.
John Zakrzewski
John Zakrzewski (born 16 September 1982 in Senlis, Oise) is a French modern pentathlete. He is currently ranked no. 179 in the world by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM).

Zakrzewski qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's modern pentathlon, along with his teammate Jean Maxence Berrou. During the competition, Zakrzewski struggled in the early segments, with slightly fair scores in pistol shooting and a one-touch épée fencing, but he was managed to improve his performance by finishing twelfth in freestyle swimming. Zakrzewski also became one of the major highlights in this event, when he flipped off his horse Diandian on one jump, dragged along with his foot still in the stirrups, and stamped on by his mount, leaving him with bloodied face. Following his disastrous and sudden fall in riding, Zakrzewski placed thirty-fourth out of thirty-six competitors in the men's event, with a score of 4,264 points.

Modern pentathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's
The men's modern pentathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held on Thursday,  August 21. Three venues were used: Olympic Green Convention Center (shooting and fencing), Ying Tung Natatorium (swimming), and the Olympic Sports Center Stadium (horse-riding and running).

The Russians and Lithuanians continued to dominate the men's competition for the third consecutive time. Russia's Andrey Moiseev won the gold medal, and successfully defended his Olympic title, with score of 5,632 points. Moiseev also became the second modern pentathlete to win two individual gold medals since Lars Hall of Sweden in 1952 and in 1956. Meanwhile, Lithuania's Edvinas Krungolcas and Andrejus Zadneprovskis anchored the two-medal sweep in the podium, taking the silver and bronze, respectively.
GSOAP
gSOAP is a C and C++ software development toolkit for SOAP/XML web services and generic XML data bindings. Given a set of C/C++ type declarations, the compiler-based gSOAP tools generate serialization routines in source code for efficient XML serialization of the specified C and C++ data structures. Serialization takes zero-copy overhead.

Automatic programming
In computer science, automatic programming is a type of computer programming in which some mechanism generates a computer program, to allow human programmers to write the code at a higher abstraction level.

There has been little agreement on the precise definition of automatic programming, mostly because its meaning has changed over time. David Parnas, tracing the history of "automatic programming" in published research, noted that in the 1940s it described automation of the manual process of punching paper tape. Later it referred to translation of high-level programming languages like Fortran and ALGOL. In fact, one of the earliest programs identifiable as a compiler was called Autocode. Parnas concluded that "automatic programming has always been a euphemism for programming in a higher-level language than was then available to the programmer."

Program synthesis is one type of automatic programming where a procedure is created from scratch, based on mathematical requirements.
Randall King
Randall King (born April 2, 1950) is an American-born former professional tennis player. A native of Portland, Oregon, King played Davis Cup tennis for Hong Kong during the 1980s.

King reached a career high singles ranking of 269 in the world while competing on the professional tour and featured in the men's doubles main draw of the 1977 US Open.

From 1984 to 1986, by then based in Hong Kong, he represented the territory in five Davis Cup ties. In 1984 he won the doubles rubber in Hong Kong's historic 3-2 win over Taiwan, which was their first ever victory in a Davis Cup tie.

1977 US Open (tennis)
The 1977 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, in New York City, New York. The tournament was held from August 29 until September 11, 1977. It was the 97th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1977. This was the third and final year in which the US Open was played on clay courts. After 68 years it was the final time the championship was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows for the 1978 tournament.
1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
The 1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (1979 WJHC) was the third edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship and was held from 27 December 1978 until 3 January 1979. The tournament was held in Karlstad and Karlskoga, Sweden.  The Soviet Union won its third consecutive gold medal, while Czechoslovakia won the silver, and Sweden the bronze.

Sweden men's national junior ice hockey team
The Swedish men's national under 20 ice hockey team, or Juniorkronorna (Junior Crowns in Swedish) as it is commonly called in Sweden, is the national under-20 ice hockey team in Sweden. The team represents Sweden at the International Ice Hockey Federation's World Junior Hockey Championship, held annually every December and January, and is affectionately known as The Junior Crowns, referencing the men's national team Three Crowns.

Sweden's roster for the 1981 World Junior Championships when they won gold included players such as Jan Erixon, Patrik and Peter Sundström, Håkan Nordin and Lars Eriksson.
Ochi concert (2015)
The Oxi concert was a concert/Rally held on Friday 3 July 2015 in Syntagma square to support the NO vote in the 2015 Greek bailout referendum. Performers included Thanos Mikroutsikos, Vasilis Papakonstantinou, Alkinoos Ioannidis, Rita Antonopoulou, Afroditi Manou, Sokratis Malamas, Rallia Xristidou, Kostas Thomaidis, Electric Litany, Iro, Eleni Vitali and Chainides. It is estimated that more than 350,000 people attended the concert. It was broadcast live by ERT1.

The Prime minister of Greece Alexis Tsipras made a 10-minute speech.
Many Members of the Greek government and the SYRIZA party like Zoi Konstantopoulou, Nikos Pappas and Yanis Varoufakis attended the concert.

The main slogans were "For the Greece of dignity, For the Europe of democracy" and "We're writing history".

Scenes from the event were included in the documentaries Agora II:Chained and This is a Coup.

Chainides
Hainides (Greek: Χαΐνηδες) is a Cretan folk music group who are inspired by the vast legacy of traditional Cretan music and whose lyrics borrow words from the Cretan Greek dialect. The group's name is the plural of the word haínis (Greek: χαΐνης), meaning a fugitive rebel.
Cubist sculpture
Cubist sculpture developed in parallel with Cubist painting, beginning in Paris around 1909 with its proto-Cubist phase, and evolving through the early 1920s. Just as Cubist painting, Cubist sculpture is rooted in Paul Cézanne's reduction of painted objects into component planes and geometric solids; cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones. Presenting fragments and facets of objects that could be visually interpreted in different ways had the effect of 'revealing the structure' of the object. Cubist sculpture essentially is the dynamic rendering of three-dimensional objects in the language of non-Euclidean geometry by shifting viewpoints of volume or mass in terms of spherical, flat and hyperbolic surfaces.

Henri Le Fauconnier
Henri Victor Gabriel Le Fauconnier (French: [fɔkɔnje]; July 5, 1881 – December 25, 1946) was a French Cubist painter born in Hesdin. Le Fauconnier was seen as one of the leading figures among the Montparnasse Cubists. At the 1911 Salon des Indépendants Le Fauconnier and colleagues Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger and Robert Delaunay caused a scandal with their Cubist paintings. He was in contacts with many European avant-garde artists such as Wassily Kandinsky, writing a theoretical text for the catalogue of the Neue Künstlervereinigung in Munich, of which he became a member. His paintings were exhibited in Moscow reproduced as examples of the latest art in Der Blaue Reiter Almanach (The Blue Rider Almanac).
Gulshan Alimardanova
Gulshan Alimadanova (born 19 January 2006) is an Uzbekistani karateka who specializes in kumite. She has won medals for her country at the BRICS Games, CIS Games, Islamic Solidarity Games, Asian and World Karate Championships.

CIS Games
CIS Games (Russian: Игры стран СНГ) is a multi-sport event held among the member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, meanwhile guest nations are invited in the second edition of the games, held in Minsk, Belarus. The first edition of the games is held in Kazan, Russia a year after postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Jean Priorat
Jean Priorat was a 13th-century soldier and poet from imperial city of Besançon who put into Old French verse Jean de Meun's prose translation of Vegetius' military manual De re militari. He completed the poem, entitled Li abrejance de l'ordre de chevalerie, between 1284 and 1291, dedicating it to John I of Chalon-Arlay. Although he had firsthand experience of war, he did not expand substantially on Vegetius' ideas.

Vegetius
Publius (or Flavius) Vegetius Renatus, known as Vegetius (Latin: [u̯ɛˈɡɛtiʊs]), was a writer of the Later Roman Empire (late 4th century). Nothing is known of his life or station beyond what is contained in his two surviving works: Epitoma rei militaris (also referred to as De re militari), and the lesser-known Digesta Artis Mulomedicinae, a guide to veterinary medicine. He identifies himself in the opening of his work Epitoma rei militaris as a Christian.
Jeremiah 8
Jeremiah 8 is the eighth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 7 to 10 constitute an address delivered by Jeremiah at the gate of the Temple in Jerusalem.

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
Weronika Wołodko
Weronika Wołodko (born 9 October 1998 in Elbląg) is a  Polish women's volleyball player, playing as a Setter.

Since the 2017–2018 season, she has been a player at Impel Wrocław.
In 2017, she was named to the Poland women's national volleyball team; She participated at the 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.

Setter
The setter is a type of gundog used most often for hunting game such as quail, pheasant, and grouse.

In the UK, the four setter breeds, together with the pointers, usually form a subgroup within the gundog group as they share a common function. However, the setter breeds each have subtle differences in head, bone and substance.

The American and Canadian Kennel Clubs classify these breeds within the Sporting Group. Setters from show lines are usually considered to be heavier and larger than those from 'working' lines.
Daily Soap Dish
Daily Soap Dish is a TV and entertainment news website. Started by Daniel Babis in 2018, the site originally only focused on covering the four main American soap operas: The Young and the Restless, The Bold and the Beautiful, Days of Our Lives, and General Hospital. It has since expanded its coverage into 90 Day Fiancé, reality TV, the British royal family, and other general TV and entertainment news.

In May 2020, Daily Soap Dish broke the story about a 90 Day Fiancé cast member having allegedly assaulted a young girl.

According to SimilarWeb, the site garners around 700,000 users.

90 Day Fiancé
90 Day Fiancé is an American reality television series on TLC that follows couples who have applied for or received a K-1 visa, which allows foreign fiancés of American citizens to enter the United States with the requirement to marry within 90 days. The series premiered on January 12, 2014, and has aired for 10 seasons. Season 11 premiered on February 16, 2025.

The series has spawned over twenty spin-offs, including 90 Day Fiancé: Happily Ever After, which tracks past couples after their marriages; 90 Day Fiancé: Before the 90 Days, which features couples who met online but have not yet begun the K-1 visa process; and 90 Day Fiancé: The Other Way, where the American partner relocates to their partner's home country. Collectively, the original series and its spin-offs are referred to by TLC's parent company Warner Bros. Discovery as the "90 Day Fiancé Universe" or simply the "90 Day Universe".
Angel Deradoorian
Angel Deradoorian (born July 18, 1986), also known mononymously as Deradoorian, is a musician based in Los Angeles, California. She is best known for her work with Dirty Projectors as full-time member from 2007 to 2012. She left to pursue a solo career. In 2015 she released a solo studio album, The Expanding Flower Planet.

Boots (musician)
Jordan Asher Cruz, known professionally as Boots (stylized as BOOTS), is an American record producer, singer, songwriter, director, and animator. He is best known for his production and songwriting contributions to Beyoncé's self-titled fifth studio album (2013). For his work on the album and its follow-up, Lemonade (2016), he earned two Grammy Award nominations for Album of the Year.
Admiral Rodney's Pillar
Admiral Rodney's Pillar (Welsh: Pilar Rodney) is a monument on Breidden Hill in Powys, Wales. It was built in 1781–82 to commemorate the naval victories of Sir George Brydges Rodney, Admiral of the White during the American War of Independence. 
The pillar is of local stone, 54 feet (16 m) high, and topped with a drum and finial, which replaced the original gilded ball after a lightning strike in 1847. A granite panel states that it was erected by the "Gentlemen of Montgomeryshire" to commemorate the naval successes of Admiral Rodney including the Battle of the Saints. The pillar is a conspicuous landmark around the Upper Severn Valley and is a Grade II* listed structure.

An inscription in Welsh, which had disappeared by 1890, translated as "RODNEY'S PILLAR. The highest pillar will fall, the strongest towers will decay: but the fame of Sir George Brydges Rodney shall increase continually, and his good name shall never be obliterated."

Admiral of the White
Admiral of the White was a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, immediately outranked by the rank Admiral of the Red (see order of precedence below). From 1688 to 1805 this rank was in order of precedence second; after 1805 it was the third. In 1864 it was abolished as a promotional rank.
Ibn Ghannam
Husayn ibn Abi Bakr ibn Ghannam al-Najdi al-Ahsa'i was a historian, poet, and scholar of the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence. He was born and raised in the town of Al-Mubarraz in Al-Ahsa. He later moved to Diriyah, where he studied under Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. His major works include Al-`Iqd al-Thamin fi Sharh Usul al-Din (The Precious Necklace in the Explanation of the Principles of Religion), and Rawdat al-Afkar wa al-Afham li Murtad Hal al-Imam wa Ta'dad Ghazawat Dhawi al-Islam (The Garden of Thoughts and Understandings for the Seeker of the Imam's Condition and the Enumeration of the Raids of the People of Islam), which is commonly known as The History of Najd, or The History of Ibn Ghannam. He died in Diriyah in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the year 1225 AH (1811 CE).

Dhu al-Hijjah
Dhu al-Hijjah (also Dhu al-Hijja; Arabic: ذُو ٱلْحِجَّة, romanized: Ḏū al-Ḥijja IPA: [ðul ħid͡ʒːa]) is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic calendar. Being one of the four sacred months during which war is forbidden, it is the month in which the Ḥajj (Arabic: حج, lit. 'pilgrimage') takes place as well as Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى, lit. 'The Festival of the Sacrifice').

The Arabic name of the month, Dhu al-Hijjah, means "Possessor of the Pilgrimage" or "The Month of the Pilgrimage". During this month, Muslim pilgrims from all around the world congregate at Mecca to visit the Kaaba. The Hajj rites begin on the eighth day and continue for four or five days. The Day of Arafah takes place on the ninth of the month. Eid al-Adha, the "Festival of the Sacrifice", begins on the tenth day and ends on the thirteenth day.

The name of this month is also spelled Dhul-Hijja. In modern Turkish, the name is Zilhicce.
Sistema Eléctrico de Magallanes
The Sistema Eléctrico de Magallanes (Spanish for Electric System of Magallanes) or SEM is an alternating current power grid serving the Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Region of Chile.  All of the SEM's power generation is produced by combustion of fossil fuels in thermal power plants, some of the fuel comes from the oilfields in the Strait of Magellan. SEM's power generation stands currently for about 0.8% of the national generation. The communes of Antártica and Cabo de Hornos, including Puerto Williams are not connected to the system.

As of November, 2010, it had a total installed capacity of 101 MW (gross)

Cabo de Hornos, Chile
Cabo de Hornos (Cape Horn) is a Chilean commune located in the south of Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in Antártica Province, Magallanes Region. The municipality of Cabo de Hornos, located in the town of Puerto Williams, also administers the Antártica commune. It is named for Cabo de Hornos, or "Cape Horn", the southern tip of South America.
2008 Sunoco Red Cross Pennsylvania 500
The 2008 Sunoco Red Cross Pennsylvania 500, the twenty-first race of the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup season and was held on August 3 of that year at Pocono Raceway in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania. ESPN carried the race beginning at 1 PM US EDT and MRN along with Sirius Satellite Radio had radio coverage of the 500 miles (800 km) race starting at 1:15 PM US EDT. The race was sponsored by Sunoco through its official NASCAR gasoline sponsorship and will benefit the American Red Cross Southeastern Pennsylvania chapter (covering Philadelphia and the surrounding five-county region), and marked the first time since 1996 that a race at the 2.5 miles (4.0 km) track has had a corporate sponsor.

Long Pond, Pennsylvania
Long Pond is an unincorporated community in Monroe County in the Pocono Mountains region of Pennsylvania, a part of the Appalachian Mountains.  Long Pond is located within the Tunkhannock Creek Watershed.  Its ZIP code is 18334.