hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (8 October – 23 November 2023)
This timeline of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict covers the period from 8 October 2023, when Hezbollah launched rocket strikes on Israel in response to the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel, until the beginning of the 2023 Gaza war ceasefire which lasted from 24 November 2023 to 30 November 2023.

Hezbollah began by launching rockets at the Israeli-occupied Shebaa Farms region, and there were a series of retaliatory attacks until the ceasefire began.

Ayta ash-Shaab
Ayta ash-Shaab (Arabic: عيتا الشعب; also transliterated Ayta al-Sha'b or Ayta al-Shab) is a municipality located in southern Lebanon, about 2.22 km northeast of the Israeli border. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.
Heller SA
Heller Hobby GmbH is a French manufacturing company established in 1957 in Paris. Currently headquartered in Radevormwald, Germany, Heller produces plastic scale model kits of cars, aircraft, ships, and military vehicles.

Model military vehicle
Model military vehicles are miniature versions of military vehicles. They range in size and complexity; from simplified small-scale models for wargaming, to large, super-detailed renditions of specific real-life vehicles.
José Joaquín Casasús
José Joaquín Casasús (1733–1822) was a Spanish writer.

Born in Alzira, Valencia, José Joaquín Casasús was the son of José Javier Casasús Judici de Echarte, knight of the Order of Montesa, and of Margarita de Navía-Osorio y Roig, daughter of the marquess of Santa Cruz de Marcenado.
He attended Colegio de San Pablo de Valencia, where he studied Latin, French, and philosophy.

Order of Montesa
The  Orde Militar de Santa Maria de Montesa, often shortened to  Order of Montesa (Catalan: Orde de Montesa, Aragonese and Spanish: Orden de Montesa) is a Christian military order, territorially limited to the old Crown of Aragon. It was named after the castle of Montesa, its headquarters.
Mohd Syahbuddin Hashim
Mohd Syahbuddin bin Hashim (Jawi: محمّد شهب الدين هاشم, Malay pronunciation: [mohamad syahbuddin]; born 20 September 1980) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the State Leader of the Opposition of Kelantan since September 2023 and a Member of Kelantan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Galas since May 2018. He is a member and the Deputy Division Chief of Gua Musang of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN).

From the 2023 state elections to the 2024 Nenggiri by-election, he was the sole BN and UMNO representative in all four states ruled by Perikatan Nasional (PN), namely Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis and Terengganu. Mohd Azmawi Fikri Abdul Ghani later joined him after he won the by-election. Both of them, together with Kota Lama MLA, Hafidzah Mustakim of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and National Trust Party (AMANAH), are the only three Kelantan opposition MLAs.

Gua Musang (federal constituency)
Gua Musang is a federal constituency in Gua Musang District, Kelantan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

This seat was the safe seat held by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah since the seat's inception in 1986, until he narrowly lost in the 2022 election to Mohd Azizi Abu Naim, representing PAS, with just a margin of 163 votes.

At 8,174 km2, it is the largest parliamentary constituency in Peninsular Malaysia.
Jack Drake (politician)
Jack Edwin Drake (July 29, 1934 – October 11, 2015) was an American politician in the Iowa State Representative from the 21st District. A Republican, he served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1993 until his death. Drake was born and raised near Walnut, Iowa, and lived in Griswold. Drake attended the University of Iowa.

As of January 2013, Drake served on several committees in the Iowa House – the Agriculture, Appropriations, and State Government committees.  He also served as the chair of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Appropriations Subcommittee.

Walnut, Iowa
Walnut is a city in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States. The population was 747 at the time of the 2020 census. Walnut is located on Interstate 80 and is famous for its many antique stores. In recent years Walnut has become a regional center of wind turbine electrical generation.
Fauji Fertilizer Company
Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited (FFC) (Urdu pronunciation: [ˈfaʊ.dʒi ˈfɝː.tɪ.laɪ.zər] FOW-jee-FER-ti-LY-zer) is a Pakistani fertilizer manufacturer with its Head Office based in Rawalpindi. It is a subsidiary of the Fauji Foundation.

FFC produces various fertilizers which include urea, DAP, SOP, MOP, Boron (Di-Sodium Tetra Borate Decahydrate) and Zinc (Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate).

Sadiqabad, Punjab
Sadiqabad (Punjabi/Urdu: صادق آباد) is a city and capital of Sadiqabad Tehsil in Rahim Yar Khan District, Punjab province of Pakistan.

It is situated at the border of Sindh and Punjab. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, it is the 32nd  largest city of Pakistan with a population of 274,210.
Habets
Habets is a surname of Dutch-language origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Joe Habets, New Zealand footballer

Marie Louise Habets (1905–1986), Belgian nurse and nun, known for being the basis of The Nun's Story novel and film.

Joe Habets
Joe Habets is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Habets made a solitary official international appearance for New Zealand in a 0–4 loss to New Caledonia on 8 November 1967.
Luis Asprilla
Luis Asprilla (born 6 December 1977) is a retired Colombian football defender.

He played for the Colombia national team in 2001. He has played outside Colombia for Olimpo de Bahía Blanca in Argentina and Emelec in Ecuador.

Club Sport Emelec
Club Sport Emelec is an Ecuadorian sports club based in Guayaquil that is best known for their professional football team. The football team plays in the Ecuadorian Serie A, the highest level of professional football in the country.

Emelec has won fourteen Serie A titles and one of the division B, holding the record of doing so in all decades in which the Serie A has been played. They also have won seven regional titles (record in their region), a record-tying 5 of them in the professional era.

Emelec was founded on 28 April 1929 by George Capwell, the American head of the Electric Company of Ecuador (Spanish: Empresa Eléctrica del Ecuador), from which the club is named after. The name of their home stadium pays homage to the club's founder. The club's most intense rivalry is with crosstown-team Barcelona. Matches between the clubs are known as El Clásico del Astillero.
Bokbunja-ju
Bokbunja-ju (Korean: 복분자주; Hanja: 覆盆子酒), also called bokbunja wine, is a Korean fruit wine made from wild and/or cultivated black raspberry — traditionally, of the Korean species Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus).

The beverage is produced in Gochang County, North Jeolla Province, in Damyang, South Jeolla Province, and in Jeju Province, South Korea. It is made by fermenting berries with water. Some varieties also contain rice and reishi mushroom extract.

Bohae Bokbunjajoo of Bohae Brewery Co., Ltd. is the most well-known bokbunja liquor.

Lingzhi (mushroom)
Lingzhi (Ganoderma sichuanense), also known as reishi, is a polypore fungus ("bracket fungus") native to East Asia belonging to the genus Ganoderma.

Its reddish brown, varnished, kidney-shaped cap with bands and peripherally inserted stem give it a distinct fan-like appearance.  When fresh, the lingzhi is soft, cork-like, and flat. It lacks gills on its underside, and instead releases its spores via fine pores (80–120 μm) in yellow colors.

In nature, it grows at the base and stumps of deciduous trees, especially maples.  Only two or three out of 10,000 such trees will have lingzhi growth, and therefore its wild form is rare.  Lingzhi may be cultivated on hardwood logs, sawdust, or woodchips.

The lingzhi mushroom is used in traditional Chinese medicine.
The Billy Rose Show
The Billy Rose Show, aka Billy Rose's Playbill, is a 30-minute American dramatic anthology series produced by Jed Harris. A total of twenty-five episodes aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from October 3, 1950 to March 27, 1951. Billy Rose served as host. Episodes were based on Rose's newspaper articles.

Guest stars included Leo G. Carroll, Alfred Drake, Burgess Meredith, Otto Preminger, Tom Ewell, Lionel Stander, and Cloris Leachman. Among its directors were Jed Harris and Daniel Petrie, later a prominent feature director.  Writers included Paul Osborn, Edward Chodorov, and Ben Hecht.

The program was sponsored by Hudson Motor Car Company.

Episodes included "The Night They Made a Bum Out of Helen Hayes" on October 3, 1950, with Jackie Miles and Murvyn Vye starring.

Billy Rose
Billy Rose (born William Samuel Rosenberg; September 6, 1899 – February 10, 1966) was an American impresario, theatrical showman, lyricist and columnist. For years both before and after World War II, Billy Rose was a major force in entertainment, with shows such as Billy Rose's Crazy Quilt (1931), Jumbo (1935), Billy Rose's Aquacade (1937), and Carmen Jones (1943). As a lyricist, he is credited with many songs, notably "Don't Bring Lulu" (1925), "Tonight You Belong to Me" (1926), "Me and My Shadow" (1927), "More Than You Know" (1929), "Without a Song" (1929), "It Happened in Monterrey" (1930), and "It's Only a Paper Moon" (1933).

Rose is also known as the husband of comedian and singer Fanny Brice.
Jesse C. Mills
Jesse Carr Mills (January 4, 1802 – March 16, 1875) was an American physician, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing Walworth County during the 1856 and 1857 sessions. He was one of dozens of lawmakers in the 1856 session caught up in the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad bribery scheme.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.
Forward Challenge
Forward Challenge 06 was an exercise in crisis operations and continuity of government operation conducted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and other agencies in June 2006. The exercise included activities at Mount Weather in Virginia.

Continuity of government
Continuity of government (COG) is the principle of establishing defined procedures that allow a government to continue its essential operations in case of a catastrophic event such as nuclear war.

In the United States, the Continuity of Operations Plan was activated following the September 11 attacks.
Aequigidiella
Aequigidiella is a monotypic genus of amphipod crustaceans. It contains only the species Aequigidiella aquilifera. The genus name (Aequigidiella) derives from a combination of the words aequi for equal and Bogidiella for its taxonomic relatives. The species name (aquilifera) comes from the Latin name for a soldier that bears the eagle standard of a Roman legion and refers to structures which are flag-like on the male specimens.

Amphipoda
Amphipoda (/æmˈfɪpədə/) is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods (/ˈæmfɪpɒdz/) range in size from 1 to 340 millimetres (0.039 to 13 in) and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. More than 10,700 amphipod species are currently recognized. They are mostly marine animals but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 2,250 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers, such as Talitrus saltator and Arcitalitrus sylvaticus.
Volcano the Bear
Volcano the Bear are an improvisational/experimental English band formed in Leicester in 1995. The group's members are Aaron Moore (drums, trumpet, vocals), Nick Mott (saxophone, guitar, vocals), Clarence Manuelo (tapes, electronics) and Daniel Padden (keyboards, guitar, clarinet, vocals). Although the principal roles of each member are as listed, the group use a large array of additional sound-making objects to create their music.

Improvisation
Improvisation or improvization (often shortened to improv) is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.
Long Live the Queen (video game)
Long Live the Queen is a simulation role-playing video game developed by Hanako Games and Spiky Caterpillar, published by Hanako Games. The story of the game follows a young princess who is training to become queen after the death of her mother. The objective of the game is to keep the princess alive for 40 weeks until she turns 15 and is crowned. The game was released on June 2, 2012 for Windows, Mac OS and Linux. The game uses anime-style graphics and is written in English.

In July 2022, Long Live the Queen was released on PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series, and Nintendo Switch by Ratalaika Games. It was also translated into French, Spanish, German, and Japanese.

Hanako Games
Hanako Games is an independent video game development company founded by Georgina Bensley that creates fantasy and anime-inspired PC games, mostly involving female protagonists.

Their website includes free demos and wallpapers for their games, including Fatal Hearts, Cute Knight, Summer Session, and Science Girls. Hanako Games is an affiliate of Winter Wolves, Tycoon Games and sakevisual.

In 2015, Hanako Games founded the games publisher called Hanabira. This publisher launched its first game called Sword Daughter on January 5, 2015. The game story was originally based on a gamebook of the Dragontales series written by Rhondi A. Vilott Salsitz which was first published in the 1980s. In 2016, the game A Little Lily Princess was also released under the Hanabira label. It is a visual novel game with simulation elements and is based on the novel A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett.
Mike S. Miller
Mike S. Miller (born 1971) is a Native Hawaiian-American comic book illustrator and writer, who has done work for Malibu Comics, Marvel Comics, DC Comics, and Image Comics, as well as self-published work under the imprint Alias Enterprises and online. Some of his better known work is on DC's Injustice: Gods Among Us series.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
CSA Provincial T20 Cup
The CSA Provincial T20 Cup is a professional domestic Twenty20 Cricket competition in South Africa. The competition was established by Cricket South Africa (CSA) in 2019. It is the second-level Twenty20 competition in South Africa.

At first it was played between the 15 South African provincial teams, along with Limpopo and Mpumalanga. This was the sixth edition of the CSA Provincial T20 Cup, which was last played in the 2015–16 season. With only domestic teams from South Africa taking part, the tournament returned in place of the Africa T20 Cup, which had been held since 2015. the national under-19 team.

Cricket South Africa
Cricket South Africa (CSA) is the governing body for both professional and amateur cricket in South Africa. In 1991, the separate South African Cricket Union and the South African Cricket Board merged to form the United Cricket Board of South Africa, ending racial separation governance in South African cricket. Cricket South Africa was formed in 2002, and initially ran parallel to the UCB, before becoming the sole governing body in 2008. As an affiliate of the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee, and a full member of the International Cricket Council, CSA administers all levels of cricket in South Africa, including the national teams in all three formats for both men and women.
Sylvester, Alberta
Sylvester is a locality in northern Alberta, Canada within the County of Grande Prairie No. 1. It is approximately 41 km (25 mi) southwest of Highway 43 and 75 km (47 mi) west of Grande Prairie.

The locality of Sylvester was centered on Sylvester Post Office established in June 1936 about 60 km (37 mi) west-southwest of Grande Prairie on the NW quarter of section 19, township 69, range 11, west of the 6th meridian. It took its name from nearby Sylvester Creek, which in turn was named after Sylvester Belcourt, an Iroquois Cree Metis fur trapper who had settled in the area. The post office also contained a store. The first postmaster was T.R. Elliot. Across from Elliott's store and post office was Itipaw School, a one-room log school which had been built in 1934. The post office closed in 1951, and the school in 1952. Information on Sylvester locality and the people who lived there can be found in Beaverlodge to the Rockies.

Northern Alberta
Northern Alberta is a geographic region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

An informally defined cultural region, the boundaries of Northern Alberta are not fixed. Under some schemes, the region encompasses everything north of the centre of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor, including most of the province's landmass as well as its capital, Edmonton. Other schemes place Edmonton and its surrounding farmland in Central Alberta, limiting Northern Alberta to the northern half of the province, where forestry, oil, and gas are the dominant industries.

Its primary industry is oil and gas, with large heavy oil reserves being exploited at the Athabasca oil sands and Wabasca area in the east of the region. Natural gas is extracted in Peace region and Chinchaga-Rainbow areas in the west, and forestry and logging are also developed in the boreal forests of this region. As of 2023, the region had a population of approximately 374,572.
Helgafellssveit
Helgafellssveit (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhɛlkaˌfɛlsˌsveiːt] ⓘ) was a municipality in Iceland. In March 2022, residents of Helgafellssveit and the neighboring municipality of Stykkishólmur voted to merge the two municipalities into one.

Stykkishólmur
Stykkishólmur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈstɪhcɪsˌhoulmʏr̥] ⓘ) is a town and municipality situated in the western part of Iceland, in the northern part of the Snæfellsnes peninsula. It is a center of services and commerce for the area. Most of the people make their living from fishing and tourism. A ferry called Baldur goes over the Breiðafjörður fjord to the Westfjords. It also is the gateway to Flatey. The origin of Stykkishólmur can be traced to its natural harbor. The location became an important trading post early in Iceland's history: the first trading post in Stykkishólmur is traced back to the mid-16th century, even before Denmark implemented the Danish–Icelandic Trade Monopoly (1602 – 1787). From that time trading has been at the heart of the settlement's history. In 1828 Árni Thorlacius built a large house for his home and companies, the Norwegian house, which has been renovated and accommodates the local museum.
Johann Friedrich Klöffler
Johann Friedrich Klöffler (20 April 1725 – 21 February 1790) was a German conductor, composer, and administrator. He was one of the earliest to write music for two orchestras.

From 1750 to 1789 he worked at Steinfurt, occasionally touring throughout Europe and Russia. For the Steinfurt castle concert hall, he wrote many symphonies, some of which include horns with crook changes. The vast majority of Klöffler's chamber music is for flute.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Wildberger
Wildberger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ed Wildberger, Missouri politician

Jacques Wildberger, Swiss composer

Norman J. Wildberger, mathematician known for rational trigonometry

Tina Wildberger, Hawaii politician

Divine Proportions: Rational Trigonometry to Universal Geometry
Divine Proportions: Rational Trigonometry to Universal Geometry is a 2005 book by the mathematician Norman J. Wildberger on a proposed alternative approach to Euclidean geometry and trigonometry, called rational trigonometry.  The book advocates replacing the usual basic quantities of trigonometry, Euclidean distance and angle measure, by squared distance and the square of the sine of the angle, respectively.  This is logically equivalent to the standard development (as the replacement quantities can be expressed in terms of the standard ones and vice versa). The author claims his approach holds some advantages, such as avoiding the need for irrational numbers.

The book was "essentially self-published" by Wildberger through his publishing company Wild Egg.  The formulas and theorems in the book are regarded as correct mathematics but the claims about practical or pedagogical superiority are primarily promoted by Wildberger himself and have received mixed reviews.