hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lucifer Hill
Lucifer Hill is a reddish, cindery, sulphur-streaked hill forming the summit of the northern section of Candlemas Island in the South Sandwich Islands. It was one of the most active volcanic vents in this island chain at the time of HMS Protector's survey in 1964. The name applied by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Lucifer refers to the diabolical and infernal mythical association of active volcanoes. Clinker Gulch extends from Lucifer Hill to the northern shore of Candlemas.

South Sandwich Islands
The South Sandwich Islands (Spanish: Islas Sandwich del Sur) are a chain of uninhabited volcanic islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. They are administered as part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The chain lies in the sub-Antarctic region, about 700 kilometres (430 mi) southeast of South Georgia and 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) northeast from the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula.

The archipelago comprises 11 main islands forming an island arc running north–south, the largest being Montagu at 110 square kilometres (42 sq mi). It is divided into four groups, from north to south: The Traversay, Candlemas and Central Islands (Saunders, Montagu, and Bristol), and Southern Thule.

The archipelago is prone to violent earthquakes. Over the previous century, nine M 7+ earthquakes have occurred here, the most recent being the M 8.1 in August 2021. None of these earthquakes are known to have caused fatalities due to their remote location.
PDF Signer
PDF Signer is a PDF editor for macOS.
This simple PDF editor was specifically designed to fill and sign PDF documents such as agreements and forms without having to print and scan them. It provides the ability to add text and scanned signature images, scribe a signature using the mouse/trackpad, re-order/rotate/delete pages, save back the edits to the original PDF in the native format, and avoids blowing up the file size so it remains email-friendly.

In 2012, PDF Signer was included in MacHeist bundle IV.

The demo can be downloaded free, and the paid version is available from the site or on the Mac App Store.

Mac App Store
The Mac App Store (also known as the App Store) is a digital distribution platform for macOS apps, often referred to as Mac apps, created and maintained by Apple. The platform was announced on October 20, 2010, at Apple's "Back to the Mac" event. Apple began accepting app submissions from registered developers on November 3, 2010, in preparation for its launch.

The Mac App Store was launched on January 6, 2011, as part of the free Mac OS X 10.6.6 update for all current Snow Leopard users. After 24 hours of release, Apple announced that there were over one million downloads.
Stubley Old Hall
Stubley Old Hall (also known as Stubley Hall) is a 15th-century manor house in Littleborough, a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, the hall is notable for its architectural evolution and is Grade II* listed.

Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale
The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in England. Its largest town is Rochdale and the wider borough covers other outlying towns and villages, including Heywood, Littleborough, Middleton & Milnrow. It is the ninth-largest district by population in Greater Manchester with a population of 235,561 in 2024.
Music and Some Highly Musical People
Music and Some Highly Musical People is a history of African-American music by James Monroe Trotter first published in 1878. It represents perhaps the first attempt to assess American music across multiple genres in a single volume.

The book includes biographies of more than forty African-American musicians and touring groups. Notable inclusions were Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield, Henry F. Williams, Thomas J. Bowers, Thomas Greene Bethune, Rachel M. Washington, Sarah Sedgewick Bowers, the Jubilee Singers of Fisk University, and the Georgia Minstrels.

Fisk Jubilee Singers
The Fisk Jubilee Singers are an African-American a cappella ensemble, consisting of students at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. The first group was organized in 1871 to tour and raise funds for college. Their early repertoire consisted mostly of traditional spirituals, but included some songs by Stephen Foster. The original group toured along the Underground Railroad path in the United States, as well as performing in Europe. Later 19th-century groups also toured in Europe.

In 2002, the Library of Congress honored their 1909 recording of "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" by adding it in the United States National Recording Registry. In 2008 they were awarded a National Medal of Arts.
Anglo Manipuri Treaty (1762)
The Anglo-Manipuri Treaty of 14 September 1762, also known as the Anglo-Manipuri Mutual Defence Treaty, 1762, marked a formal alliance between Manipur Kingdom and the British East India Company, driven by mutual interests in resisting Burmese expansion and securing commercial and strategic advantages in the region.
It was concluded on 14 September 1762 between Harray Das Gussein, acting on behalf of Jai Singh of Manipur, and Harry Verelst, Chief of the British East India Company’s Chittagong Factory. The treaty outlined mutual military and political cooperation between Manipur and the British East India Company, particularly against Burmese incursions.

The Anglo-Manipuri Treaty of 14 September 1762 was the first treaty between Manipur and the British Empire. In this treaty, the British agreed to help Manipur get back its land or push out the Burmese from the state. This was followed by another defence agreement in 1763 between the two sides.

Manipur (princely state)
The Manipur Kingdom, also known as Meckley,
was an ancient kingdom at the India–Burma frontier. Historically, Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by a Meitei dynasty. But it was also invaded and ruled over by Burmese kingdom at various point of time. It became a protectorate of the British East India Company from 1824, and a princely state of the British Raj in 1891. The princely state bordered the Assam Province in the west and British Burma in the east, and in the 20th century covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) and contained 467 villages. The capital of the state was Imphal.
Matthew Szulik
Matthew J. Szulik  is an American businessman. He is the former chairman of Red Hat, leader of some other technology companies, such as Interleaf and MapInfo for more than 20 years. Szulik had also held the titles of chief executive officer and president of Red Hat, and after over nine years, resigned from these positions on December 20, 2007, citing personal reasons.

Szulik is a spokesperson to industry, government, and education leaders on open source computing.

Szulik is the chairman of the Science and Technology Board for State of North Carolina's Economic Development Board. He is past chairman and an executive director of the North Carolina Electronics and Information Technologies Association.

Szulik is a graduate of Saint Anselm College in New Hampshire.

In 2002, Szulik was recognized by CIO magazine with its 20/20 Vision Award.

Szulik was awarded overall national winner for Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Of The Year 2008.

Interleaf
Interleaf, Inc. was a company that created computer software products for the technical publishing creation and distribution process. Founded in 1981, its initial product was the first commercial document processor that integrated text and graphics editing, producing WYSIWYG ("what you see is what you get") output at near-typeset quality. It also had early products in the document management, electronic publishing, and Web publishing spaces. Interleaf's "Active Documents" functionality, integrated into its text and graphics editing products in the early 1990s, was the first to give document creators programmatic access (via LISP) to virtually all of the document's elements, structures, and software capabilities.

Broadvision acquired Interleaf in January 2000, and Aurea Software Inc. acquired Broadvision in May 2020.

Interleaf's headquarters was in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, and later moved to Waltham, Massachusetts.
Future Soldier
Future Soldier was a multi-nation military project launched by the United States and its allies in the late 1990s.

Superiority to  enemy ground forces will be achieved by equipping the average ground-based combat soldier with an integrated set of high-technology uniforms and equipment. These will be linked to an array of real-time and archived battlefield information resources. Soldiers will require not only enhanced versions of existing equipment (rifle, pistol, knife, helmet, armour, clothing), but also new forms of equipment that will become possible as new types and combinations of technologies become viable for battlefield deployment.

Body armor
Body armor, personal armor (also spelled armour), armored suit (armoured) or coat of armor, among others, is armor for a person's body: protective clothing or close-fitting hands-free shields  designed to absorb or deflect physical attacks. Historically used to protect military personnel, today it is also used by various types of police (riot police in particular), private security guards, or bodyguards, and occasionally ordinary citizens. Today there are two main types: regular non-plated body armor for moderate to substantial protection, and hard-plate reinforced body armor for maximum protection, such as used by combatants.
A. G. Mahmud
A. G. Mahmud (born 1 March 1934) is a former chief of the Bangladesh Air Force. He negotiated the release of hostages from the hijacked Japan Airlines Flight 472. For his role in keeping the situation under control and securing the lives of every single passenger, the Japanese government conferred upon him the "Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star" awards.

Pakistan Air Force Academy Asghar Khan
The Pakistan Air Force Academy Asghar Khan (PAFAA) is an accredited four-year military academy which provides undergraduate education to officer candidates of the Pakistan Armed Forces, primarily the Pakistan Air Force (PAF).

Eligible and selected candidates from all over Pakistan are sent to the academy for flying training. Located in the town of Risalpur in the Nowshera District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the academy's role is the training of General Duty Pilots (GDP), aeronautical and avionics engineers and the initial training of other Ground Branch cadets. Cadets join the academy following a recommendation by the Inter Services Selection Board (Pakistan) and the AHQ (PAF) Special Selection Board for Short Service Commission candidates. Graduates of the four-year program receive a Bachelor of Science degree and are commissioned as Flying Officers.
Battle of Gangwana
The battle of Gangwana was a military engagement fought between the Kingdom of Marwar and a combined army of the Jaipur Kingdom and the Mughal Empire in 1741. The battle resulted in a peace treaty favorable to Marwar and ended a period of Jaipur domination in what is now present day Rajasthan.

Merta City
Merta City is a city and a municipality located near Nagaur City in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Merta is also known for its link with Mira Bai, the devotee of Lord Krishna. The Mira Mahal Museum houses memories related to Mira Bai's lifetime.
Smiling snake eel
The smiling snake eel (Ichthyapus selachops, also known as the smiling sand eel) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by David Starr Jordan and Charles Henry Gilbert in 1882, originally under the genus Apterichthys. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the eastern central and southeastern Pacific Ocean, including Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and Mexico. It dwells at a maximum depth of 30 metres (98 ft), and inhabits sediments of sand. Males can reach a maximum total length of 41 centimetres (16 in).

Due to its wide distribution, lack of known threats, and lack of observed population decline, the IUCN redlist currently lists the Smiling snake-eel as Least Concern.

David Starr Jordan
David Starr Jordan (January 19, 1851 – September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913. He was an ichthyologist during his research career. Prior to serving as president of Stanford University, he served as president of Indiana University from 1885 to 1891.

Jordan was also a strong supporter of eugenics, and his published views expressed a fear of "race-degeneration", asserting that cattle and human beings are "governed by the same laws of selection". He was an antimilitarist since he believed that war killed off the best members of the gene pool, and he initially opposed American involvement in World War I.
Chetan Anand (politician)
Chetan Anand (born 20 November 1991) is an Indian politician from the state of Bihar. He is elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Sheohar constituency representing the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) in the 2020 election to the Bihar Legislative Assembly.He was then elected to the Nabinagar constituency on a JD(U) ticket in 2025 election by a mere margin of 112 votes.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
Islam in Oman
Islam is the state religion in Oman, introduced during the Prophet Muhammad's lifetime in the early 7th century. The Prophet appointed Amr ibn al-As as governor, who remained until the prophet's death in 632 CE. Amr and Sa'id ibn Aws al-Ansari delivered Muhammad's letter to the Al-Julanda brothers, the rulers of Oman, inviting them to embrace Islam. This peaceful mission marked the beginning of Islam in Oman. Today, 95% of Oman's population is Muslim, with 45% Sunni, 45% Ibadi, and 5% Shia.

Al Batinah South Governorate
Al Batinah South Governorate (Arabic: محافظة جنوب الباطنة Muḥāfaẓat Ǧanūb al-Bāṭinah) is one of the eleven governorates of Oman. It was created on 28 October 2011 when Al Batinah Region was split into Al Batinah North Governorate and Al Batinah South Governorate. The centre of the governorate is the wilayat of Rustaq.
Ryosuke Miyaguni
Ryosuke Miyaguni (宮國 椋丞, born April 17, 1992, in Itoman, Okinawa) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for Yokohama DeNA BayStars of the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has previously played in NPB for the Yomiuri Giants.

Itoman, Okinawa
Itoman (糸満市, Itoman-shi; Okinawan: いちゅまん ʔIcuman) is a city located in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The city occupies the southern tip of Okinawa Island. As of 1 October 2020, the city has an estimated population of 61,007 and a population density of 1,308.32 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,388.5/sq mi). The total area is 46.63 km2 (18.00 sq mi).
Bluffton Exempted Village School District
Bluffton Public Schools is a school district in Northwest Ohio, United States. The school district has an open enrollment policy, meaning that students outside the district can enroll in Bluffton Public Schools, though Bluffton Public Schools primarily serves students who live in the city of Bluffton, located in Allen and Hancock counties.

Northwest Ohio
Northwest Ohio, or Northwestern Ohio, consists of multiple counties in the northwestern corner of the US state of Ohio. This area borders Lake Erie, Southeast Michigan, and northeastern Indiana. Some areas are also considered the Black Swamp area. The Toledo metropolitan area is part of the region.

Northwest Ohio's population in 2000 was 1,639,144 and is declining, specifically in the northern regions (counties shaded in the darker blue and Allen County). However, southern areas, such as Marion and Morrow counties, and the city of Findlay are growing.
San Fernando National Reserve
The San Fernando National Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Nacional San Fernando, RNSF) is a protected area in southern Peru, located in the districts of Santiago (Ica Province), and Changuillo, Nazca, and Marcona (Nazca Province), within the Ica Region. It covers an area of approximately 154,716 hectares.

The reserve is composed of two distinct sectors. In the north, the mouths of the Ica River and the Grande River support riparian forests that contrast with the surrounding desert. Seasonal wetlands form near sandy beaches around Punta Caballas. The southern sector includes the San Fernando Inlet, coastal hills, and steep, rugged cliffs such as those on Mount Huasipara—the highest coastal elevation in Peru at 1,790 meters above sea level. This mountain was uplifted by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate.

Nazca plate
The Nazca plate or Nasca plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America. The ongoing subduction, along the Peru–Chile Trench, of the Nazca plate under the South American plate is largely responsible for the Andean orogeny. The Nazca plate is bounded on the west by the Pacific plate and to the south by the Antarctic plate through the East Pacific Rise and the Chile Rise, respectively. The movement of the Nazca plate over several hotspots has created some volcanic islands as well as east–west running seamount chains that subduct under South America. Nazca is a relatively young plate in terms of the age of its rocks and its existence as an independent plate, having been formed from the breakup of the Farallon plate about 23 million years ago. The oldest rocks of the plate are about 50 million years old.
Don't Worry, the Doors Will Open
Don't Worry, the Doors Will Open (Ukrainian: «Не хвилюйся, двері відчиняться», romanized: Ne khvyliujsia, dveri vidchyniatsia) is a Ukrainian-Canadian documentary film, directed by Oksana Karpovych and released in 2019. The film centres on the Soviet-era electrichka trains that are still in operation in and around Kyiv, and the poor and working-class commuters who still use them on a regular basis.

The film premiered at the 2019 Montreal International Documentary Festival, where it won the New Vision Award. In 2020 it was screened at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival and at DocuDays UA in Ukraine.

The film was a nominee for the Directors Guild of Canada's DGC Discovery Award in 2020.

Jean-Marc Vallée DGC Discovery Award
The Jean-Marc Vallée DGC Discovery Award is an annual Canadian award, presented by the Directors Guild of Canada to honour works by emerging filmmakers.

Presented for the first time in 2016, the award is given primarily to filmmakers making their first or second feature films in any genre; however, more established filmmakers are also eligible for their first film outside their usual genre, such as a narrative filmmaker making their first documentary film or vice versa. An initial longlist of between 10 and 15 nominees is announced, which is then reduced to a shortlist of four to six films, before the award is presented at the annual DGC award gala.

Formerly presented as the DGC Discovery Award, it was renamed in 2022 in memory of director Jean-Marc Vallée following his death in December 2021.
Audrius Raizgys
Audrius Raizgys (born 4 April 1969) is a retired male triple jumper from Lithuania. His personal best jump is 17.29 metres, achieved in July 1995 in Vilnius. This is the current Lithuanian record.

He finished eighth at the 1994 European Athletics Championships in Helsinki with a jump of 16.59 metres. In addition he competed at the World Championships in 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999, the World Indoor Championships in 1993 and 1995 and the 1996 Summer Olympics without reaching the finals there.

1999 World Championships in Athletics
The 7th World Championships in Athletics (Spanish: Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 1999), a World Athletic Championships event held under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, between the August 20 and August 29.

One of the main highlights of the games was the world record set in the 400 metres by Michael Johnson of the United States in a time of 43.18 seconds.
Burgenland corpses discovery
On 27 August 2015, the bodies of 71 refugees were discovered in a lorry on the Ost Autobahn in Burgenland, Austria. The victims were part of the wave of many thousands of migrants who traveled through the western Balkans in an effort to reach Germany. The borders were opened shortly afterward to allow the influx across.

Ost Autobahn
The (Austrian) Ost Autobahn A4 or "Eastern Motorway" is part of the European route E60 and goes from Vienna to the town of Nickelsdorf, on the Hungarian border.

The road begins at the A23 at the Prater junction in Vienna, travels through Simmering, Schwechat, Vienna International Airport, Fischamend, Bruck an der Leitha, Parndorf, Weiden am See and Mönchhof to the border town of Nickelsdorf. Crossing the border into Hegyeshalom, the road becomes the Hungarian M1 motorway which then continues on to Budapest. The road is 66 km long.
Stardom Dream Queendom 2024
Stardom Dream Queendom 2024 (スターダム ドリームクイーンダム 2024, Sutādamu dorīmukuīndamu 2024) was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. It was the fourth annual Stardom Dream Queendom and took place on December 29, 2024, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan. It was the last pay-per-view organized by Stardom in 2024.

Ten matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show, and three of Stardom's ten championships were on the line. The main event saw Saya Kamitani defeat Tam Nakano to win the World of Stardom Championship. In another prominent match, Starlight Kid defeated Natsupoi to win the Wonder of Stardom Championship.

Ryōgoku Kokugikan
Ryōgoku Kokugikan (Japanese: 両国国技館; lit. "Ryōgoku National Sports Hall"), also known as Ryōgoku Sumo Hall or Kokugikan Arena, refers to two different indoor sporting arenas located in Tokyo. The first Ryōgoku Kokugikan opened its doors in 1909 and was located on the premises of the Ekōin temple in Ryōgoku, Tokyo. Although no sumo bouts were held after 1945, following the capitulation of Japan and the requisition of the building by the occupying forces, the building itself remained active until 1983, being notably used by the Nihon University. The second Ryōgoku Kokugikan is currently located in the Yokoami neighborhood of Sumida next to the Edo-Tokyo Museum. It opened in 1985, following the closure of the Kuramae Kokugikan, and is still in use today.
38th meridian west from Washington
The 38th meridian west from Washington is an archaic meridian based on the Washington Meridian, lying approximately 115°02′48″ west of the Prime Meridian through Greenwich. The meridian is not currently used for any boundaries, but historically formed the eastern boundary of Nevada Territory and the state of Nevada and the western boundary of Utah Territory.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.