hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DVR
DVR can refer to:

Dalnevostochnaya Respublika, a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East

Data validation and reconciliation

Derwent Valley Railway (disambiguation)

Devco Railway

Differential Voting Right, a kind of equity share

Digital video recorder

Discrete valuation ring

Discrete variable representation

Distance-vector routing

Direct volume rendering

Dynamic voltage restoration

DVR College of Engineering and Technology

Van Riebeeck Decoration (DVR), a South African military award

Differential voting right shares
Differential voting right (DVR) shares are the same as ordinary equity shares except such stock does not dilute the promoters voting rights and makes it difficult for hostile takeovers. On the other hand, DVR shares have been described as an instrument that is more beneficial to the issuers than to investors, and it often leads to problems of low liquidity.

Several jurisdictions around the world allow the issue of shares with differential voting rights, with the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and India all allowing some form of DVR shares. The financial legislation in countries where DVR are allowed usually carries specific regulations that prevent the practice from being abused. Restrictions usually include limiting the percentage of DVR out of the total issued share capital and only allowing DVR shared for companies with distributable profits who have not defaulted in filing annual accounts and returns for at least three financial years.
Edith Margaret Faulstich
Edith Margaret Faulstich (May 22, 1907 – September 4, 1972) of New Jersey and New York City, was a philatelist and philatelic journalist who specialized in postal history and postal covers. She encouraged the development of that field in philately.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
2012 Rogers Cup
The 2012 Rogers Cup was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 123rd edition (for the men) and the 111th (for the women) of the Canadian Open, and was part of the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 of the 2012 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA Premier 5 tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. The women's and legends' events were held at the Uniprix Stadium in Montreal, from August 4 to August 13 and the men's event at the Rexall Centre in Toronto, from August 4 to August 12.

Lucky loser
A lucky loser is a sports competitor (player or team) who loses a match in a knockout tournament or loses in qualifying, but who then enters the main draw. This can occur when another competitor withdraws during the tournament because of illness, injury, or other reasons, in which case the lucky loser re-enters the competition in place of the withdrawn competitor, or due to the structure of the tournament.

In the event of a lucky loser's re-entry to a competition, it usually occurs before all competitors in the main draw have started their first match in the tournament.
Pasvik Nature Reserve
Pasvik Nature Reserve (Norwegian: Pasvik naturreservat; Russian: заповедник Пасвик, romanized: zapovednik Pasvik) is a bilateral nature reserve located along the Norway–Russia border. It is located in the Pasvikdalen valley in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway and in the Pechengsky District in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The nature reserve was established in 1992 (Russia) and 1993 (Norway), and it covers an area of 166.4 square kilometers (64.2 sq mi). The Norwegian part covers 19.1 square kilometers (7.4 sq mi), while the Russian part covers 147.3 square kilometers (56.9 sq mi). The nature reserve includes unexploited parts of Pasvikelva and has a rich birdlife.

Along with Øvre Pasvik National Park and Øvre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area in Norway and Vätsäri Wilderness Area in Finland, Pasvik Nature Reserve constitutes part of Pasvik–Inari Trilateral Park.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
Texcatepec
Texcatepec is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 190 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 153.61 km2. It is located at 20°35′N 98°22′W﻿ / ﻿20.583°N 98.367°W﻿ / 20.583; -98.367. In 1930 the municipal head-board  was established in the village of Amexac; but for the decree number 4 in 1931 returned the character of municipal head-board, to the village of Texcatepec.

Xalapa
Xalapa or Jalapa (English: /həˈlɑːpə/, Spanish: [xaˈlapa] ⓘ), officially Xalapa-Enríquez (IPA: [xaˈlapa enˈrikes]), is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz and the name of the surrounding municipality. In 2020 census the city reported a population of 443,063 and the municipality of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 488,531. The municipality has an area of 118.45 km2. Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of Veracruz to the southeast.
28th Producers Guild of America Awards
The 28th Producers Guild of America Awards (also known as 2017 Producers Guild Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2016, were held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California on January 28, 2017. The nominations for documentary film were announced on November 22, 2016, the nominations for television were announced on January 5, 2017, and the nominations for film were announced on January 10, 2017.

The Beverly Hilton
The Beverly Hilton is a hotel located on an 8.9-acre (3.6 ha) property at the intersection of Wilshire and Santa Monica boulevards in Beverly Hills, California, United States. The Beverly Hilton has hosted many awards shows, charity benefits, and entertainment and motion picture industry events, and is particularly known as the venue of the annual Golden Globe Awards ceremony.
Navabi
Navabi (Persian: نوابی; adjective form of نواب [navāb] meaning "nabob", "nawab" – and thus roughly translating as "of Navab", "from a nabob [rich Mughal ruler]", "relating to a nabob") is a Persian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Armin Navabi (born 1983), Iranian-Canadian ex-Muslim atheist and secular activist, author and podcaster

Hakan Massoud Navabi (born 1990), Afghan-Canadian freelance journalist, writer and entrepreneur

Shirin Navabi (born 1980), Iranian female chess player

Armin Navabi
Armin Navabi (Persian: آرمین نوابی; born 25 December 1983) is an Iranian-Canadian ex-Muslim atheist, author and podcaster, currently living in Vancouver, Canada. In 2012, he founded the online freethought community Atheist Republic, a Canada-based non-profit organisation which now has hundreds of branches called "consulates" in several countries around the world such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, enabling non-believers to interact in societies where irreligion, apostasy, and blasphemy are often criminalised and repressed. As an author, he debuted with the book Why There Is No God (2014), and in 2017 he became a co-host of the Secular Jihadists from the Middle East podcast with Ali A. Rizvi, Yasmine Mohammad and Faisal Saeed Al Mutar. In January 2018, the show was renamed Secular Jihadists for a Muslim Enlightenment, with Rizvi and Navabi as co-hosts.
Harley J. Spence
Harley James Spence (November 27, 1904 – April 27, 1993) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral districts of Lunenburg County and Lunenburg West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1953 to 1970. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Born in 1904 at Ellershouse, Hants County, Nova Scotia, Spence was a businessman by career. He married Ella Peach Riley in 1929. He served as a municipal councillor for West Hants from 1932 to 1942. Spence entered provincial politics in 1953 when he was elected in the dual-member Lunenburg County riding with R. Clifford Levy. In the 1956 election, Spence was re-elected by 67 votes in the newly established Lunenburg West riding. He was re-elected in the 1960, 1963, and 1967 elections. Spence did not reoffer in the 1970 election. Spence died in 1993 in Bradenton, Florida.

1956 Nova Scotia general election
The 1956 Nova Scotia general election was held on 30 October 1956 to elect members of the 46th House of Assembly of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Progressive Conservatives led by Robert Stanfield.

This was the first election the Liberals had fought after the death of their longtime charismatic leader, Angus L. Macdonald. Public Health Minister Harold Connolly became interim leader and premier following Macdonald's death in 1954, but was defeated at a leadership convention by Education Minister Henry Hicks. The convention exposed a sharp religious divide in the Liberal Party; Hicks was a Protestant and Connolly was a Catholic. Hicks was unable to heal the breach, and the Liberals were narrowly defeated, ending 23 years of Liberal rule.
Wahlenbergfjorden
Wahlenbergfjorden, sometimes known in English as Waalenburg Bay, is a fjord on the southwest coast of the Arctic island of Nordaustlandet, in Norway's Svalbard archipelago. At 46 kilometres (29 mi) in length, and 15 km (9.3 mi) wide, it is the fifth longest fjord in the archipelago, and the longest on the island. The fjord separates Gustav V Land in the north from Gustav Adolf Land in the south, at geographical co-ordinates 79°40′N 20°00′E﻿ / ﻿79.667°N 20.000°E﻿ / 79.667; 20.000. Its mouth faces Spitsbergen across Hinlopen Strait, the strait separating the two islands.

The fjord is named for the Swedish naturalist Göran Wahlenberg (1780-1851) and has been known by this name since at least the early 1930s. The glacier of Wahlenbergbreen in Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen, is also named for him.

Oscar II Land
Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.

The area is named after Oscar II of Sweden. Older name variants are Oscar II's Land and Terre Oscar II.

The Hofgaardtoppen mountain is the highest peak in Oscar II Land.
.co (second-level domain)
In a number of countries, .co (an abbreviation of commercial) is used as a second-level domain in the Domain Name System used to route internet traffic. Domain registrants register second-level domains of the form .co.xx, where xx is the country code top level domain (e.g., .co.uk in the U.K. and .co.jp in Japan).

Countries using .co as a second-level domain include: Angola (.ao), Barbados (.bb), Canada (.ca), Cook Islands (.ck), Costa Rica (.cr), India (.in), Indonesia (.id), Israel (.il), Japan (.jp), New Zealand (.nz), South Africa (.za), South Korea (.kr), Thailand (.th),  United Kingdom (.uk) and Venezuela (.ve).

.co is also a country top-level domain corresponding to Colombia. Its current operator, GoDaddy, markets it globally as an alternative to .com.

.bb
.bb is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for Barbados. It is administered by Telecommunications Unit which is part of the Ministry of Innovations, Science and Smart Technologies for the Barbados Government. It was first registered on 3 September 1991.
Ajay Monga
Ajay Monga is an Indian scriptwriter and film director. He has written films like Corporate which starred Bipasha Basu and Kay Kay Menon and Fashion both directed by Madhur Bhandarkar.

He has also written a supernatural thriller Flat! which was released in 2010.

He completed his debut feature film Padduram as a writer-director. Ajay wrote the story, screenplay and dialogues of the web-series 'The Whistleblower' which is available to watch on Sony Liv, an OTT platform.

Kay Kay Menon
Krishna Kumar Menon (born 2 October 1966), known professionally as Kay Kay Menon, is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Hindi cinema, and occasionally in Gujarati, Tamil, Marathi and Telugu films. He is best known for his roles in films such as Black Friday (2004), Deewar (2004), Sarkar (2005), Shaurya (2008), Gulaal (2009), Haider (2014), Baby (2015). He has starred in web series such as Special Ops, Farzi, The Railway Men and Citadel: Honey Bunny.
Deutzer Friedhof
Deutzer Friedhof is a cemetery in Cologne, Germany.

The famous chemist Kurt Alder is buried here. He is known for his work on the Diels–Alder reaction and synthesizing the biological insecticide Aldrin.

The cemetery is surrounded by much local superstition; many claim it to be the site of frequent visits from der Teufel in animal form. This is mainly incited due to the often spotted herd of German Lop-Eared Rabbits found inside the cemetery accompanied by the smell of rotting flesh. No evidence has been found to support these claims, yet many reports have been sent to local officials.

Aldrin
Aldrin is an organochlorine insecticide that was widely used until the 1990s, when it was banned in most countries. Aldrin is a member of the so-called "classic organochlorines" (COC) group of pesticides. COCs enjoyed a very sharp rise in popularity during and after World War II. Other noteworthy examples of COCs include dieldrin and DDT. After research showed that organochlorines can be highly toxic to the ecosystem through bioaccumulation, most were banned from use. Before the ban, it was heavily used as a pesticide to treat seed and soil. Aldrin and related "cyclodiene" pesticides (a term for pesticides derived from Hexachlorocyclopentadiene) became notorious as persistent organic pollutants.
Aayudham (1982 film)
Aayudham is a 1982 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by P. Chandrakumar and produced by R. S. Prabhu. The film stars Madhu, K. R. Vijaya, Sukumaran and Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair. The film has musical score by A. T. Ummer. The film is remake of 1976 Bollywood movie Adalat.

Sukumaran
Edappal Ponnamkuzhi Veettil Parameswaran Sukumaran Nair (10 June 1948 – 16 June 1997), known mononymously as Sukumaran, was an Indian actor and producer of Malayalam films. Sukumaran became a popular film star in Malayalam cinema during the 1970s. He was considered one of the superstar trios of Malayalam cinema during the late 1970s and early 1980s along with Soman and Jayan.

Later, he became known for his character roles and antagonistic roles during the 1980s and 1990s, notably the villain in CID Unnikrishnan B.A., B.Ed. (1994) and Onnaam Muhurtham (1991), playing character roles in films like Souhrudam (1990). In 1978, he won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in M. T. Vasudevan Nair's Bandhanam. As a producer, he produced such films as Irakal and Padayani.

On 16 June 1997, Sukumaran suffered a massive heart attack and died. He was 49 at the time of his death.
Bearspaw, Alberta
Bearspaw  is rural area in southern Alberta, Canada in Rocky View County. It has a population of 5,567 (2018).

The original inhabitants of the Bearspaw area were the Niitsitapi or Blackfoot nation. The Blackfoot nation consisted of four different tribes, Siksika, Piegan Blackfeet, Piikani Nation and Kaninai (Blood Indians).

To the south-east of  Bearspaw is the City of Calgary, and the Town of Cochrane is to its west, along Highway 1A. The area of Bearspaw is north of the Bow River and directly east of Glendale Community within Rocky View County.

The zone for Bearspaw schooling is under the Rocky View Schools which is made up of the Bearspaw School which admits students from kindergarten to year 8 and Cochrane High School for students years 9 to year 12. Bearspaw falls under the Cochrane Minor Hockey Association for their local hockey league.

Piikani Nation
The Piikani Nation (/pɪˈ-ɪ-kə-ni/, formerly the Peigan Nation) (Blackfoot: ᑯᖾᖹ, romanized: Piikáni, Blackfoot pronunciation: [piːkʌ́ni]) is a First Nation (or an Indian band as defined by the Indian Act), representing the Indigenous people in Canada known as the Northern Piikani (Blackfoot: ᖳᑫᒪᓱᑯᖿᖹ, romanized: Aapátohsipikani, Blackfoot pronunciation: [aːpʌ́to̥xsipikʌni]) or simply the Peigan (Piikani or Pe'-e-ku-nee).
Martín Rivas (TV series)
Martín Rivas is a Chilean historical drama television series adaptation of the novel of the same name by Alberto Blest Gana, that aired on TVN and TV Chile from March 15, to September 6, 2010, starring Diego Muñoz and María Gracia Omegna.

Martín Rivas (novel)
Martin Rivas is an 1862 novel by Alberto Blest Gana (1830–1920), and is widely acknowledged as the first Chilean novel. The social realist novel is at once a passionate love story and an optimistic representation of Chilean nationhood. Written shortly after a decade of civil conflict, this national epic is an indispensable source for understanding politics, morals, and manners of society in nineteenth-century Chile.
Fort Whyte
Fort Whyte is a provincial electoral district of Manitoba, Canada. It was created in 1999, after the provincial electoral boundaries commission determined that southwestern Winnipeg had experienced enough population growth to deserve an extra seat. Fort Whyte was created from territory formerly belonging to the divisions of Tuxedo, Fort Garry, and St. Norbert.

The current MLA for Fort Whyte is Obby Khan, a Progressive Conservative who currently serves as Leader of the Opposition. Khan succeeded fellow Progressive Conservative and former Premier of Manitoba Brian Pallister following his resignation in 2021.

Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)
The Leader of the Opposition (French: Chef de l'Opposition) in Manitoba is the Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba who leads the party recognized as the Official Opposition. This status generally goes to the leader of the second largest party in the Legislative Assembly.

William Alexander Macdonald was the first officially recognized Leader of the Opposition in Manitoba, although Rodmond Roblin is considered to have been the de facto opposition leader from 1890 until he lost his seat in the 1892 provincial election.

As of 26 April 2025, the Leader of the Opposition of Manitoba has been Obby Khan, the head of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba.
Miroslav Hajdučík
Miroslav Hajdučík (born 1962) is a Czechoslovak slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1982 to 1989.

He won a bronze medal in the C2 event at the 1987 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bourg St.-Maurice. He also won two golds (1983, 1985) and two silvers (1987, 1989) at the World Championships in the C2 team event.

His partner in the C2 boat throughout his career was Milan Kučera.

1985 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1985 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held between 12 and 16 June 1985 in Augsburg, West Germany under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the second time. Augsburg hosted the event previously in 1957. It was the 19th edition. It also marked the first time the championships took place on an artificial whitewater slalom course at the Eiskanal and the first to be held at an Olympic venue. The Eiskanal previously hosted the slalom canoeing events at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in neighboring Munich.
Okhinsky District
Okhinsky District (Russian: Охи́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; one of the seventeen in the oblast. Municipally, it is incorporated as Okhinsky Urban Okrug. It is located in the north of the Island of Sakhalin. The area of the district is 14,815.87 square kilometers (5,720.44 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Okha. Population (excluding the administrative center):  22,847 (2010 Census); 25,526 (2002 Census); 18,612 (1989 Soviet census).

Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast (Russian: Сахали́нская о́бласть, romanized: Sakhalinskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East. The oblast has an area of 87,100 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi). Its administrative center and largest city is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast has a population of 466,609.

The vast majority of the oblast's residents are ethnic Russians, with a small minority of Sakhalin Koreans. Sakhalin Oblast is rich in natural gas and oil, and is Russia's second wealthiest federal subject after the Tyumen Oblast. It borders by sea Khabarovsk Krai to the west and Kamchatka Krai to the north, along with Hokkaido, Japan to the south.
Must
Must is freshly crushed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. The solid portion of the must is called pomace and typically makes up 7–23% of the total weight of the must. Making must is the first step in winemaking. Because of its high glucose content, typically between 10 and 15%, must is also used as a sweetener in a variety of cuisines. Unlike commercially sold grape juice, which is filtered and pasteurized, must is thick with particulate matter, opaque, and comes in various shades of brown and purple. The name comes from the Latin vinum mustum; lit. 'young wine'.

Pomace
Pomace (/ˈpʌməs/ PUM-əs), or marc (/ˈmɑːrk/; from French marc [maʁ]), is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit.

Grape pomace has traditionally been used to produce pomace brandy (such as grappa, orujo, törkölypálinka, tsipouro, tsikoudia, zivania). Today, it is mostly used as fodder, as fertilizer, or for the extraction of bioactive compounds like polyphenols.