hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schule am Meer
Schule am Meer (Hebrew: בית ספר ליד הים, lit. 'School by the Sea'), also known as S.a.M. or SaM, was a private boarding school on the East Frisian island of Juist in the Free State of Prussia of the Weimar Republic, located between Wadden Sea and North Sea. The school was co-educational and combined elements of holistic and progressive education.

Holistic education
Holistic education is an educational philosophy that aims to develop the whole person: intellectually, emotionally, socially, physically, creatively, and spiritually. It is sometimes described in academic literature as holistic learning theory. The philosophy holds that learners find identity, meaning, and purpose through connections with their community, the natural world, and values such as compassion and peace.

Holistic education emphasises experiential learning, the integration of multiple forms of knowledge, and the importance of relationships and human values within the learning environment. It is often considered a branch of alternative education, in contrast to mainstream educational research and evidence-based education approaches.
Elrama, Pennsylvania
Elrama is a census-designated place located in Union Township, Washington County in the state of Pennsylvania. The community is located in the eastern tip of Union Township in Washington County, near the Monongahela River, along Pennsylvania Route 837. As of the 2020 census, the population was 285 residents.

In 2012, the Elrama coal-fired power plant built in the 1950s by Duquesne Light was decommissioned. In 2023, the final steps of demolition were completed.

Pennsylvania Route 837
Pennsylvania Route 837 (PA 837) is a state route located in western Pennsylvania. The southern terminus of the route is at Pennsylvania Route 88 in the Carroll Township hamlet of Wickerham Manor. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 19 (US 19) and PA 51 near downtown Pittsburgh at the junction of the Ohio, Allegheny and Monongahela rivers.  The highway parallels the Monongahela River for all of its route with the exceptions of its extreme north and south ends. Popular amusement park Kennywood is located along this route.
Best Female Track Athlete ESPY Award
The Best Female Track Athlete ESPY Award was presented annually between 1993 and 2006 to the female track and field athlete, irrespective of nationality, adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Beginning in 2007, this award was combined with the parallel Best Male Track Athlete ESPY Award into the single Best Track and Field Athlete ESPY Award.

Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively experts; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter was exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.

Through the 2001 iteration of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter were conferred in June and reflected performance from the June previous.

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
Yuvrajsinh Dodiya
Yuvrajsinh Dodiya (born 13 October 2000) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Saurashtra in domestic cricket.

He made his first-class debut against Mumbai in the 2022-23 Ranji Trophy on 27 December 2022. In July 2023, he was named in India A squad for 2023 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup.

He made his List A debut for India A against Bangladesh A, on 21 July 2023, in the 2023 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup.

Saurashtra cricket team
Saurashtra cricket team is one of the three first-class cricket teams based in the Indian state of Gujarat (the other two being the Baroda cricket team and the Gujarat cricket team) that competes in India's first-class cricket tournament Ranji Trophy and limited-overs cricket tournaments Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Rickey Parks
Richard Parks (born February 19, 1964) is an American former football wide receiver who played for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff.

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) is a public historically black university in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Founded in 1873, it is the second oldest public college or university in Arkansas. It was one of about 180 "normal schools" established by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools.  UAPB is part of the University of Arkansas System and Thurgood Marshall College Fund.
David Scott (poet)
David Victor Scott (13 January 1947 – 21 October 2022) was an English Anglican priest, poet, playwright and spiritual writer.

Scott was born in Cambridge, England. He was educated at Solihull School, then studied theology at Durham University and at Cuddesdon College. After ordination, he spent two years as curate at Harlow, then was appointed chaplain at Haberdashers' Aske's School. In 1980 he became vicar of Torpenhow and Allhallows in Cumbria. In 1991 he moved to Winchester to become rector of St Lawrence with St Swithun-upon-Kingsgate. He retired in September 2010 to Cumbria, where he died in Kendal.

Scott was an honorary canon of Winchester Cathedral and an honorary fellow of the University of Winchester. In 2008 the Archbishop of Canterbury conferred on him the Lambeth Degree Doctorate of Letters (DLitt).

Lambeth degree
A Lambeth degree is an academic degree conferred by the Archbishop of Canterbury under the authority of the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533 (25 Hen. 8. c. 21) as successor of the papal legate in England.  The degrees conferred most commonly are DD (Doctor of Divinity), DCL (Doctor of Civil Law), DLitt (Doctor of Letters), DMus (Doctor of Music), DM (Doctor of Medicine), BD (Bachelor of Divinity) and MA (Master of Arts). The relatively modern degree of MLitt (Master of Letters) has been conferred in recent years, and the MPhil (Master of Philosophy) and PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) are now available.
Fleming Fjord Formation
The Fleming Fjord Formation, alternatively called the Fleming Fjord Group is an Upper Triassic geological formation in the northeastern coast of Jameson Land, Greenland. It consists of terrestrial sediments and is known for its fossil content.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Gaspare Vimercati
Count Gaspare Vimercati (sometimes also recorded as Gaspare da Vimercate) (c. 1410 – 1467), was an Italian condottiero who served under Francesco Sforza. He belonged to the ancient and important family of the Captains of Vimercate. Gaspare was one of the leading figures of Lombard political and military life in the mid‑15th century, distinguishing himself as a loyal supporter of Francesco Sforza and later of his son Galeazzo Maria. He played a crucial role in the fall of the Ambrosian Republic, in the management of ducal finances, and in the foundation of the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan.

House of Sforza
The House of Sforza (Italian: [ˈsfɔrtsa]) was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. Sforza rule began with the family's acquisition of the Duchy of Milan following the extinction of the Visconti family in the mid-15th century and ended with the death of the last member of the family's main branch, Francesco II Sforza, in 1535.
Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak
Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak (TRC) is the traditional religions followed by the Zeliangrong people (indigenous Zeme, Liangmei and Rongmei tribes) of Assam, Manipur and Nagaland states in North Eastern India. It is a polytheistic religion based on the fundamental belief of Tingkao Ragwang, the supreme god or almighty and other smaller Sylvan Dieties.

Zeme people
The Zeme people, also known as the Zeme Nagas, are a Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group from Northeast India. They predominantly inhabit Peren district in Nagaland; Tamenglong district, Senapati district in Manipur and Dima Hasao district (NC hills) in Assam. Jalukie is the main urban centre of the Zeme Naga, serving as a hub for their social, cultural, educational and economic activities in the Peren District of Nagaland. Members of the Zeme Naga play a significant role in the town’s social, economic, and educational development.
Triangular orthobicupola
In geometry, the triangular orthobicupola is one of the Johnson solids (J27). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by attaching two triangular cupolas (J3) along their bases. It has an equal number of squares and triangles at each vertex; however, it is not vertex-transitive. It is also called an anticuboctahedron, twisted cuboctahedron or disheptahedron. It is also a canonical polyhedron.

The triangular orthobicupola is the first in an infinite set of orthobicupolae.

Bicupola
In geometry, a bicupola is a solid formed by connecting two cupolae on their bases. Here, two classes of bicupola are included because each cupola (bicupola half) is bordered by alternating triangles and squares. If similar faces are attached together the result is an orthobicupola; if squares are attached to triangles it is a gyrobicupola.
Coat of arms of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
The Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1815 when the area was raised to the title of Grand Duchy, and ended in 1918 with the transition of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach into the new state of Thuringia. The full grand ducal style was Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Lord of Blankenhayn, Neustadt and Tautenburg, and this is represented in the arms:

In the first quarter, the striped lion of Thuringia;

In the second quarter, the arms of the Margraviate of Meissen;

In the third quarter, per pale the arms of the County of Henneberg and of Neustadt-Arnshaugk;

In the fourth quarter, per pale the arms of the Lord of Blankenhayn (Blankenhain) and Tautenburg;

Above all the arms of Saxony, as was tradition for the descendants of the Saxon line.

It was used on the Grand Ducal Standard c.1862 - c.1878.

Grand duchy
A grand duchy or grand dukedom is a country or territory whose official head of state or ruler is a monarch bearing the title of grand duke or grand duchess.

Prior to the early 1800s, the only Grand duchy in Europe was located in what is now Italy: Tuscany (declared in 1569). During the 19th century there were as many as 14 grand duchies in Europe at once, some of which were revived after the Napoleonic Empire. Some of these were sovereign and nominally independent (Baden, Hesse and by Rhine, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Tuscany), some sovereign but held in personal union with larger realms by a monarch whose grand-dukedom was borne as a subsidiary title (Finland, Luxembourg, Transylvania), some of which were client states of a more powerful realm (Cleves and Berg), and some whose territorial boundaries were nominal and the position purely titular (Frankfurt).

In the 21st century, only Luxembourg remains a grand duchy.
Okpogho
Okpogho is one of the most ancient cities in Africa located in today Enugu State of Nigeria. Okpogho is well known for her distinguished strides in iron smelting which ended the world's trade by barter system. The originality of Okpogho could be traced from earlier ancestor called Ezeanyanwu a great worrior, farmer and healer (herbalist). The villages (now referred to as 'aka-nése' meaning five hands) that make up the Okpogho kingdom are

Imezi Okpogho

Ngbuta Okpogho

Ukwuagba Okpogho

Okube Okpogho

Mbanito Okpogho.

Read also: Okpogho Diji: The Forgotten Warriors of Ogbodume-Ofilofi settlement - A Tale of Resilience and Legacy.

The people of Okpogho displayed exceptional creative abilities, as they settled in distinct regions of a place which is now referred to as Ezeagu, a local government area in Enugu state.

Kingdom of Bonny
The Kingdom of Bonny, otherwise known as Grand Bonny, is a traditional state based on the town of Bonny in Rivers State, Nigeria. In the pre-colonial period, it was an important slave trading port, later trading palm oil products. 
During the 19th century the British became increasingly involved in the internal affairs of the kingdom, in 1886 assuming control under a protectorate treaty. Today the King of Bonny has a largely ceremonial role.
Tasman Spirit oil spill
The Tasman Spirit oil spill occurred in the Arabian Sea just outside the Port of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan on July 27, 2003, when Tasman Spirit, an oil tanker owned by Maltese company Assimina Maritime, bound for the Port of Karachi, Karachi from Kharg Island, Iran, ran aground while navigating to the Port of Karachi, at Clifton Beach, at 12:57 p.m. local time and spilled approximately 30,000 metric tonnes of light crude oil over the next few days. It is considered to be one of the worst human-caused environmental disasters in Pakistan. The Tasman Spirit spill eventually affected 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of the main public beach of the city, and the Port of Karachi, which were heavily or moderately oiled.

Clifton Beach, Karachi
Clifton Beach, also known as Sea View, is a beach in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan and is located on the Arabian Sea. It stretches from Karachi to Ormara (Balochistan). The beach is very popular in Pakistan. It is open 24/7 for the general public.

Karachi is the most prominent coastal city of Pakistan and beach lovers here have many opportunities to visit different beaches bordering the Arabian Sea. Clifton Beach is purported to give the best value in leisure and recreational opportunities for fun seekers and beach lovers.

In recent times, the area surrounding the beach has seen massive commercial activity as it is located in one of the most sought after localities in Karachi. 
The beach offers multiple leisure activities including camel rides, buggy rides, horse rides, and plastic plane flying, among others. Across from the beach is the Seaview Apartments, a gated residential area. Other apartments and villas which can be seen along the Clifton beach coasts are becoming popular as well.
Post and beam
Post and beam is a general term for building with heavy timbers. More specific types of post and beam framing are:

Timber framing, an ancient traditional method of building using wooden joinery held together with pegs, wedges and rarely iron straps

Post and lintel, a simple form of framing with lintels resting on top of posts

Ständerhaus, a historic type of post and beam construction in Germany
Firstständerhaus, a specific type with posts supporting the ridge beam used in North German farmhouses

Post and lintel
Post and lintel (also called prop and lintel, a trabeated system, or a trilithic system)  is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them. This is usually used to hold up a roof, creating a largely open space beneath, for whatever use the building is designed.  The horizontal elements are called by a variety of names including lintel, header, architrave or beam, and the supporting vertical elements may be called posts, columns, or pillars.  The use of wider elements at the top of the post, called capitals, to help spread the load, is common to many architectural traditions.
S. Singaravadivel
Sivanandam Singravadivel Saluvar was an Indian politician.

He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Thanjavur constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in the bye-election in Tamilnadu 1979, and the 1980, 1984 and 1989 elections.

He died on 31 January 2022

1989 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu
The 1989 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. The result was a landslide victory for Indian National Congress, and its ally All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, winning 38 out of 39 seats. This election marked the dominance of INC-AIADMK in Tamil Nadu, till 1996. The opposition party Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam failed to win a single seat, resulting in the party's downturn in national and state politics for the coming years. Because National Front won at the national level, Rajya Sabha member Murasoli Maran got a cabinet berth in the new V. P. Singh administration.
Mark Sartain
Mark Sartain (born c. 1959) is an American former football coach and athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Trinity Valley Community College (TVCC) in Athens, Texas from 2003 to 2006 and East Texas Baptist University from 2007 to 2012.

Sartain is a native of Van Alstyne, Texas. He graduated from Austin College in Sherman, Texas, where he played college football and was a member of the 1981 Austin Kangaroos football team, which won an NAIA Division II championship. Sartain was the head football coach at White Oak High School in White Oak, Texas from 1995 to 2002, compiling a record of 43–41 in eight season and led his teams to three playoff appearances. He succeeded Chuck Langston as head football coach at Trinity Valley in 2003. In 2004, Sartain led Trinity Valley to a 9–3, a Southwest Junior College Football Conference (SWJCFC) title, and a win in the Pilgrim's Pride Bowl.

Southwest Junior College Football Conference
The Southwest Junior College Football Conference (SWJCFC or SJCFC) is a football conference for National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) teams located in the Southwestern United States. The conference formed in 1963 with nine junior colleges located in Texas, and began operation in 1964. It was known as the Texas Junior College Football Federation (TJCFF) prior to 1976 and then as the Texas Junior College Football Conference (TJCFC) until 1996 when Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College joined as a member.
Joseph Hasenfus
Joseph Louis Hasenfus (May 29, 1913 – August 20, 1999) was an American canoeist who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Needham, Massachusetts and died in Brunswick, Maine. He was the older brother of Walter Hasenfus.

In 1936 he finished fifth in the C-1 1000 metre competition as well as fifth together with his brother Walter in the C-2 10000 metre event.

Later he was assistant director of Safety Services for Small Craft Safety for the American National Red Cross. In 1956 he wrote the Red Cross 445 page textbook, "Canoeing."

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Khrylyovka
Khrylyovka (Russian: Хрылёвка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Prilepsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  61 (2010 Census); 117 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
1977 Taiwanese local elections
Local elections were held in Taiwan on 19 November 1977, electing 20 magistrates and mayors in the country, 77 members of the Taiwan Provincial Council, and members of the Taipei and Kaohsiung City Council.

Seen as one of the most competitive local polls with crowded field of candidates, the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) was especially focusing on the bitter races in Tainan City, and the counties of Kaohsiung, Nantou, and Taoyuan.

The Kuomintang was accused of rigging the election in Taoyuan after the popular opposition was poised to fend off challenge by KMT's candidate, provoking widespread anger in the county and led to the crackdown on protest, later known as the Zhongli incident.

Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council
24°03′16″N 120°41′48″E﻿ / ﻿24.054416045198°N 120.696749312406°E﻿ / 24.054416045198; 120.696749312406

The Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council (TPCC) was the council of the streamlined Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. In July 2018, all duties of the Taiwan Provincial Government and TPCC were transferred to the National Development Council and other ministries of the Executive Yuan.
Herbst Nunatak
Herbst Nunatak (Bulgarian: нунатак Хербст, ‘Nunatak Herbst’ \'nu-na-tak 'herbst\) is the partly ice-free ridge extending 1.1 km in southeast-northwest direction and 300 m wide, with a central height rising to 846 m and a southern one of 869 m on the southeast side of Sofia University Mountains in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It surmounts Poste Valley to the northwest and Nichols Snowfield to the southeast. The vicinity was visited on 2 February 1988 by the geological survey team of Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov (First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition), and Philip Nell and Peter Marquis (British Antarctic Survey).

The feature is named after the Bulgarian journalist Yosif Herbst (1875-1925).

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Edith Maud Cook
Edith Maud Cook (1 September 1878 – 14 July 1910), was an early British parachutist, balloonist, and aviator, recognized as Britain's first female pilot. She was also known as Viola Spencer-Kavanagh, Viola Spencer, Viola Kavanagh, and perhaps as Viola Fleet and Elsa Spencer.

Parachuting
Parachuting and skydiving are methods of descending from altitude  to the surface using the power of gravity, and a parachute.

The three phases of parachuting are freefall, parachute deployment and landing.
Skydiving takes place during the freefall phase where the parachute has not yet been deployed and the body accelerates to terminal velocity.