hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luther Elkins
Luther Elkins (May 26, 1809 – December 13, 1887) was an American politician and pioneer in the state of Oregon. Born in Cornville, Massachusetts (in Maine from 1820 on) and married to Philotheta Williams, he migrated to Oregon Territory in 1852, overland via the Oregon Trail. He served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature and was a delegate to the Oregon Constitutional Convention. He was elected to the Oregon State Senate in 1858, serving in the 1859 special session, for which he was selected as the Oregon Senate's first President. He also served in the 1860 regular session, again as president.

He died in 1887, on December 13, and is buried at the Pioneer Cemetery in Lebanon, Oregon.

Oregon Territory
The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), Spanish "El Orejón" was part of the Nootka Territory (1789–1795), later in the 19th century, the region was divided between the British Empire and the US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital of the territory was first Oregon City, then Salem, followed briefly by Corvallis, then back to Salem, which became the state capital upon Oregon's admission to the Union.
Aedes katherinensis
Aedes (Stegomyia) katherinensis is a species of mosquito in the genus Aedes. It is named for its type locality, being Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. It is collected occasionally in container surveys in tropical Australia but is never a dominant species.

It is found in the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

Container
A container is any receptacle or enclosure for holding an item. Things kept inside of a container are protected on several sides by being inside of its structure.  Humans have used containers for at least 100,000 years, and possibly for millions of years. Containers are used in storage, packaging, and transportation, including shipping.
London Cabinet
London Cabinet can refer to a number of Second World War government-in-exile cabinets based in the United Kingdom capital of London:

Nygaardsvold's Cabinet, the Norwegian government-in-exile between 7 June 1940 and 31 May 1945

One of the four Dutch governments-in-exile between 13 May 1940 and May 1945:
Second De Geer Cabinet
First Gerbrandy Cabinet
Second Gerbrandy Cabinet
Third Gerbrandy Cabinet

Second De Geer cabinet
The Second De Geer cabinet, also called the First London cabinet, was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 10 August 1939 until 3 September 1940. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Christian Historical Union (CHU) and the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) following the dismissal of the Fifth Colijn cabinet by Queen Wilhelmina on 27 July 1939. It was the first government to include the social democratic SDAP, up to then they had been excluded from government by the other political parties. The national unity government became a War cabinet on 14 May 1940 following the German invasion and fled to London. The government-in-exile was dismissed by Queen Wilhelmina on 26 August 1940.
Gravina Cathedral
Gravina Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Gravina; Basilica concattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Gravina in Puglia, region of Apulia, Italy. It was previously the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Gravina. Since 1986, along with Acquaviva Cathedral, it has served as a co-cathedral of the Diocese of Altamura-Gravina-Acquaviva delle Fonti, the seat of which is Altamura Cathedral.

In August 1993 Pope John Paul II granted Gravina Cathedral the status of a minor basilica.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Gravina-Montepeloso
The diocese of Gravina and Montepeloso is a former ecclesiastical territory of the Roman Catholic Church in Apulia, southern Italy. Gravina is about 59 km (36 mi) southwest of Bari. Since 1986 it has formed part of the merged diocese of Altamura-Gravina-Acquaviva. Gravina in Apulia was the seat of the episcopal see from the ninth century.
Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah
Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah (English: Tun Sharifah Rodziah Cup) is a women's football tournament in Malaysia. It was established in 1976. The competition is managed by the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM).

Kedah Darul Aman F.C.
Kedah Darul Aman Football Club (Malay: Kelab Bola Sepak Kedah Darul Aman) is a professional football club based in Alor Setar, Kedah. The club, originally under the administration of the Kedah Football Association, turned professional in 1994 and was privatised in 2021. Today, it is managed by Darulaman Football Club Sdn. Bhd., under the ownership of Tan Sri Dr. Mohd Daud Bakar.

The club currently competes in the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League, the second tier of Malaysian football. They are the first club in the history of Malaysian football to win two consecutive trebles, in 2006–07 and 2007–08, under the guidance of Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah.

Overall, Kedah Darul Aman has won 3 Malaysia Super League titles, 4 Malaysia Premier League titles, 5 Malaysia FA Cups, 5 Malaysia Cups, and 3 Piala Sumbangsih titles.
Shari Lapena
Shari Lapena (born 1960) is a Canadian novelist. She is best known for her 2016 thriller novel The Couple Next Door, which was a bestseller both in Canada and internationally.

Lapena, a lawyer and English teacher before beginning her writing career, published her debut novel Things Go Flying in 2008. That novel was shortlisted for the Sunburst Award in 2009. Her second novel, Happiness Economics, was a Stephen Leacock Award finalist in 2012.

Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour
The Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour, also known as the Stephen Leacock Medal for Humour or just the Leacock Medal, is an annual Canadian literary award presented for the best book of humour written in English by a Canadian writer, published or self-published in the previous year. The silver medal, designed by sculptor Emanuel Hahn, is a tribute to well-known Canadian humorist Stephen Leacock (1869–1944) and is accompanied by a cash prize of CA$25,000. It is presented in the late spring or early summer each year, during a banquet ceremony in or near Leacock’s hometown of Orillia, Ontario.

The medal is one of the oldest literary prizes in Canada and is the only one awarded to a work of humour. It has been awarded every year since 1947 with the exception of 1959 when it was reported that no worthy entries had been submitted.
Through the Eyes of Love (Ray Charles album)
Through the Eyes of Love is a 1972 studio album by American rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles. It was Charles' last release in collaboration with ABC Records and his vanity label Tangerine, founded a decade earlier and has received positive reviews from critics. He followed this with a months-long break from recording and performing, and then moved to a new personal label, CrossOver Records with Decca Records. Only one single was released from this album, "I Can Make It Through the Days (But Oh Those Lonely Nights)", coming out in 1973 and charting on the Best Soul Singles.

Tangerine Records (1962)
Tangerine Records was an American record label founded by musician Ray Charles in 1962. Charles switched to the label in 1966. Tangerine was promoted and distributed by ABC-Paramount Records.  Early singles labels were orange and later became black, red and white. Many of the later recordings are now sought after in "Northern Soul" circles. After Charles left ABC in 1973, he closed Tangerine and started Crossover Records. Ray Charles Enterprises owns the catalog.
HK 4.6×30mm
The HK 4.6×30mm (designated as the 4,6 × 30 by the C.I.P., and 4.6×30mm NATO) cartridge is a small-caliber, high-velocity, smokeless powder, rebated, bottleneck, centerfire cartridge designed for personal defense weapons (PDW) developed by German armament manufacturer Heckler & Koch (HK) in 1999. It was designed primarily for the MP7 PDW to minimize weight and recoil while increasing body armor penetration. It features a pointed, steel-core, brass-jacketed bullet.

Rim (firearms)
A rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded, stamped, or pressed around the bottom of a firearms cartridge. Thus, rimmed cartridges are sometimes called "flanged" cartridges. Almost all cartridges feature an extractor or headspacing rim, in spite of the fact that some cartridges are known as "rimless cartridges". The rim may serve a number of purposes, including providing a lip for the extractor to engage, and sometimes serving to headspace the cartridge.
Steven Nahmias
Steven Nahmias (born 1945) is an American author and professor of operations management at Santa Clara University. He is best known for his contributions to inventory theory, and, in particular, perishable inventory theory. He is also the author of Production and Operations Analysis, a preeminent text in the field. He is currently an Honorary Fellow of INFORMS and MSOM.

Inventory theory
Material theory (or more formally the mathematical theory of inventory and production) is the sub-specialty within operations research and operations management that is concerned with the design of production/inventory systems to minimize costs: it studies the decisions faced by firms and the military in connection with manufacturing, warehousing, supply chains, spare part allocation and so on and provides the mathematical foundation for logistics. The inventory control problem is the problem faced by a firm that must decide how much to order in each time period to meet demand for its products. The problem can be modeled using mathematical techniques of optimal control, dynamic programming and network optimization.  The study of such models is part of inventory theory.
Rincón (footballer, born 1977)
Gilvan Santos Souza (born 20 April 1977), known as Rincón, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Santa Clara.

Rincón scored 18 goals for Paços de Ferreira to win promotion to Portuguese Liga. He scored 5 goals in 20 league matches for Marítimo at Portuguese Liga 2005–06 before back to Brazil.

In mid-2007, he returned to Portugal for Liga de Honra side Vizela.

C.D. Santa Clara
Clube Desportivo Santa Clara is a Portuguese professional football club from Ponta Delgada, Azores. As the most successful football team from the Azores Islands, they are the only team from the archipelago to compete in a UEFA competition, having qualified for the UEFA Intertoto Cup and the UEFA Europa Conference League.

Santa Clara is the only club from the Azores to have competed in the top division of the Portuguese Liga, being thus the westernmost top-flight club in Europe. They compete in the Primeira Liga, the Portuguese first division football league. Santa Clara's kit manufacturer is Umbro and their main sponsor is Lebull. The main local rivals are CD Operário from Lagoa on the same island of São Miguel. Other major rivals are C.S. Marítimo and C.D. Nacional, from the island of Madeira.
Hämeenkoski
Hämeenkoski (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhæmeːŋˌkoski]; Koski Hl until 1995, see Koski Tl) is a former municipality of Finland. It was merged to the municipality of Hollola on 1 January 2016.

It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Päijät-Häme region. The municipality had a population of 2,125 (30 June 2015) and covered an area of 195.62 km2 (75.53 sq mi) of which 7.86 km2 (3.03 sq mi) was water. The population density was 11.3176/km2 (29.313/sq mi). The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Lake Pääjärvi is situated at the border between Hämeenkoski and Hämeenlinna (formerly Lammi).

Pääjärvi (Lammi)
Pääjärvi is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is situated on the border between the city of Hämeenlinna in the Kanta-Häme region and the municipality of Hollola in the Päijät-Häme region.

The lake drains through the Teuronjoki river into the lake Mommilanjärvi and from there through the Puujoki River into Lake Kernaalanjärvi and from there through the Hiidenjoki River into Lake Vanajavesi and it is thus a part of the Kokemäenjoki basin that drains the western third of the Finnish Lakeland.
HMS Byard
HMS Byard was a Captain-class frigate of the Royal Navy during World War II. She was named for Sir Thomas Byard, who commanded HMS Bedford at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Originally destined for the US Navy as a turbo-electric (TE) type Buckley-class destroyer escort, HMS Byard was provisionally given the name USS Donaldson (this name was reassigned to DE 44).  However the ship was diverted to the Royal Navy before her launch.

Turbine–electric powertrain
A turbine–electric transmission, or turbine–electric powertrain, system includes a turboshaft gas turbine connected to an electrical generator, creating electricity that powers electric traction motors. No clutch is required.

Turbine–electric transmissions are used to drive both gas turbine locomotives (rarely) and warships.
Mark Soosaar
Mark Soosaar (officially Mark-Toomas Soosaar; born 12 January 1946 in Viljandi) is an Estonian film director, cinematographer, screenwriter and politician. He has been member of X and XI Riigikogu.

Soosaar graduated from the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography in 1970. He worked for Eesti Televisioon from 1970 until 1978 and Tallinnfilm from 1978 until in 1991 as a director and cinematographer before moving to Pärnu and founding his own film studio, Weiko Saawa Film. He is the director of Museum of New Art, as well the founder chairman of the Kihnu Cultural Institute .

He is a member of the Estonian Social Democratic Party.

Viljandi
Viljandi (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈvilʲːjɑnʲːdi]) is a city and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,255 in 2024. It is the capital of Viljandi County and is geographically located between two major Estonian cities, Pärnu and Tartu.

The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe. The town became a member of the Hanseatic League at the beginning of the 14th century, and is one of five Estonian cities and cities in the league. The once influential Estonian newspaper Sakala was founded in Viljandi in 1878.
Butidrine
Butidrine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name), sold under the brand names Betabloc, Butidrate, and Recetan among others, is a beta blocker (or β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) related to pronethalol and propranolol that was developed in the 1960s. It is not cardioselective (i.e., is not selective for the β1-adrenergic receptor over the β2-adrenergic receptor). It has membrane stabilizing activity but no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (i.e., partial agonist activity). Similarly to certain other beta blockers, butidrine additionally possesses local anesthetic properties.

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2 adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB2, is a cell membrane-spanning beta-adrenergic receptor that binds epinephrine (adrenaline), a hormone and neurotransmitter  whose signaling, via adenylate cyclase stimulation through trimeric Gs proteins, increases cAMP, and, via downstream L-type calcium channel interaction, mediates physiologic responses such as smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.

Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka's study of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor as a model system earned them the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors".

The official symbol for the human gene encoding the β2 adrenoreceptor is ADRB2.
Nalgonda mandal
Nalgonda mandal is one of the 59 mandals in Nalgonda district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is under the administration of Nalgonda revenue division and the headquarters are located at Nalgonda.

Nalgonda revenue division
Nalgonda revenue division (or Nalgonda division) is an administrative division in the Nalgonda district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is one of the 4 revenue divisions in the district which consists of 9mandals under its administration. Nalgonda is the divisional headquarters of the division. The revenue division got modified on 11 October 2011, based on the re-organisation of the districts in the state.
Pierre Bazy
Pierre Bazy (28 March 1853 – 22 January 1934) was a French surgeon and urologist born in Sainte-Croix-Volvestre.

He studied medicine in Toulouse, afterwards serving as an interne at the Hôpital Lourcine in Paris. He successively worked at the Bicêtre, Hôpital Tenon and Hôpital Saint-Louis. At the Hôpital Beaujon he was appointed director of urology. Bazy was a member of the Académie de Médecine and the Académie des Sciences (1921).

A specialist in genitourinary medicine, he is credited with coining the term uretéro-cysto-néostomie (today known as ureteroneocystostomy) for surgery involving implantation of the upper end of a transected ureter into the bladder. Bazy was a proponent of preventive serotherapy for treatment of tetanus.

Bladder
The bladder (from Old English  blædre 'bladder, blister, pimple') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
Deer Creek (Des Moines River tributary)
Deer Creek is a stream in Iowa, United States, flowing through Webster and Humboldt counties. It is a tributary of the Des Moines River.

Deer Creek was so named from the fact that the surrounding area was a hunting ground of deer.

Webster County, Iowa
Webster County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,999. The county seat is Fort Dodge. The county was established in January 1851, one of 43 counties established by a legislative package. This county was named after Daniel Webster, an American statesman noted for his moving oratory.

Webster County comprises the Fort Dodge, IA Micropolitan statistical area.
Yap Kwan Seng
Kapitan China Yap Kwan Seng (Chinese: 葉觀盛; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ya̍p Kôn-sṳ̀n; 1846 – 1902) was the fifth and last Kapitan China of Kuala Lumpur from 1889 to 1902. Kapitans were appointed chiefs or headmen of the various ethnic communities during the period of British colonial rule in what is present-day Malaysia. Kapitans played an important role in the history of the Chinese in Malaysia. They wielded considerable influence, contributing to social, economic and political development in areas under their jurisdiction.

Yap Kwan Seng, of Hakka descent, was born in 1846 in the Chak Kai district of China. He was a Hakka of the Fui Chiu clan. He moved to Malaya at the age of 18 and worked as a tin miner in Seremban.

Tin mining
Tin mining began early in the Bronze Age, as bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Tin is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, with approximately 2 ppm (parts per million), compared to iron with 50,000 ppm.
Amsler sign
Amsler sign also known as Amsler–Verrey sign is the name of the diagnostic finding seen in people with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). It is described as presence of blood (hyphema) in the aspirated aqueous fluid, in paracentesis of the anterior chamber, and is caused due to iris atrophy usually seen in FHI and exposure of the fragile iris vasculature to the aqueous fluid. The sudden change of pressure in the anterior chamber upon suction induced by the paracentesis, or during a cataract surgery, causes bursting of the fragile superficial iris capillaries resulting in micro-bleeding. This is one clinical diagnostic sign of FHI.

Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system. Capillaries are microvessels and the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are composed of only the tunica intima (the innermost layer of an artery or vein), consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells. They are the site of the exchange of many substances from the surrounding interstitial fluid, and they convey blood from the smallest branches of the arteries (arterioles) to those of the veins (venules). Other substances which cross capillaries include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose, uric acid, lactic acid and creatinine. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymphatic fluid collected in microcirculation.
Black Lodge (band)
Black Lodge is an industrial rock band originating from Los Angeles  which was formed in 2012 by guitarist Johnny Royal. The band recorded their debut self-titled EP with Jeordie White, Johnny K, Lee Miles, and Sean Beavan. The band released the EP independently on 22 October.

The band toured in support of the album, including dates with Pop Evil. On 24 April 2014, bassist Ventura Sergio Banuelos (Ventura Xiii) was killed in a motorcycle accident in Lincoln Heights, CA.

The band is currently working on a graphic novel with former Marvel Comics artist Wayne Robinson and a new album.

Pop Evil
Pop Evil is an American rock band that was formed in North Muskegon, Michigan, in 2001 by Leigh Kakaty. The band's roots reside in TenFive, a group formed in the late-1990s by Kakaty and guitarist Jason Reed. Pop Evil has several songs that topped the Billboard Mainstream Rock charts, including "Trenches" and "Waking Lions".
History of medicine in Cyprus
The practice of medicine and therapeutics in Cyprus has its roots into ancient times. Many of the classical practices were well documented at the time by Greek or Roman physicians, and some therapies have originated from Cyprus itself.

Frankincense
Frankincense, also known as olibanum (/oʊˈlɪbənəm/), is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfume, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. The word is from Old French franc encens ('high-quality incense'). There are several species of Boswellia that produce  frankincense, including, but not limited to, Boswellia sacra (syn. B. bhaw-dajiana, syn. B. carteri), B. frereana, B. serrata (B. thurifera), and B. papyrifera. Resin from each is available in various grades which is affected by the time in which it is harvested. The resin is hand-sorted for quality.