hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The 1984 Annual World's Best SF
The 1984 Annual World's Best SF is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Donald A. Wollheim and Arthur W. Saha, the thirteenth volume in a series of nineteen. It was first published in paperback by DAW Books in June 1984, followed by a hardcover edition issued in August of the same year by the same publisher as a selection of the Science Fiction Book Club. For the hardcover edition the original cover art by Vincent Di Fate was replaced by a new cover painting by Richard Powers.

The book collects ten novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, with an introduction by Wollheim. The stories were previously published in 1983 in the magazines Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, Amazing Science Fiction, and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, and the anthology Chrysalis 10.

Richard Powers
Richard Powers (born June 18, 1957) is an American novelist whose works explore the effects of modern science and technology. His novel The Echo Maker won the 2006 National Book Award for Fiction. He has also won many other awards over the course of his career, including a MacArthur Fellowship. As of 2024, Powers has published fourteen novels and has taught at the University of Illinois and Stanford University. He won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for The Overstory.
Velekinca
Velekincë or Velekinca is a village in the municipality of Gjilan, Kosovo. The village lies in the south-east of Kosovo on the road to Preševo, about 4 kilometers from the city center of Gjilan.

Velekinca has a continental climate with hot summers. It is located at 585 metres above sea level. The Morava River flows nearby. The village is mentioned in the writings of Herodotus. Archaeological traces were found from Illyria including coins and bowls, but various ornaments were stolen.

Preševo
Preševo (Serbian Cyrillic: Прешево, pronounced [prêʃeʋə]; Albanian: Preshevë, Albanian pronunciation: [preʃevə]) is a town and municipality located in the Pčinja District of southern Serbia. As of the 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 33,449 inhabitants. It is the southernmost town in Central Serbia and largest in the geographical region of Preševo Valley.

Preševo is the cultural center of Albanians in Serbia. Albanians form the ethnic majority of the municipality, followed by Serbs, Roma and other ethnic groups.
Regression validation
In statistics, regression validation is the process of deciding whether the numerical results quantifying hypothesized relationships between variables, obtained from regression analysis, are acceptable as descriptions of the data. The validation process can involve analyzing the goodness of fit of the regression, analyzing whether the regression residuals are random, and checking whether the model's predictive performance deteriorates substantially when applied to data that were not used in model estimation.

Scatter plot
A scatter plot, also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram, is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are coded (color/shape/size), one additional variable can be displayed.
The data are displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.
Hans Jakob Pestalozzi (lawyer)
Hans Jakob Pestalozzi (3 August 1801 – 5 June 1874) was a Swiss lawyer and politician from the Canton of Zurich. He served as a member of the Grand Council of the canton of Zurich and as a Councillor of States during the mid-19th century, playing a role in Swiss liberalism and the establishment of the 1848 Swiss Federal Constitution.

Wädenswil
Wädenswil (locally often called Wättischwiil, Wädischwiil or Wädi) is a municipality located in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.  The population, as of 2013, was about 21,000. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Hütten and Schönenberg were merged into the municipality of Wädenswil.
W. Robert Grady
William Robert Grady (born April 30, 1950) was an American Republican party member of the North Carolina House of Representatives representing the state's fifteenth House district, including constituents in Onslow County.  A businessman from Jacksonville, North Carolina, Grady served twelve two-year terms, the last one of which was the 2009-2010 session. He did not stand for election in 2010.

He was the mayor pro tempore of Jacksonville from 1983 to 1986 and was a member of the Jacksonville City Council from 1981 to 1987.

Pro tempore
Pro tempore (/ˌproʊ ˈtɛmpəri, -ˌreɪ/), abbreviated pro tem or p.t., is a Latin phrase which best translates to 'for the time being' in English. This phrase is often used to describe a person who acts as a locum tenens 'placeholder'. The phrase is also used to describe officers appointed on a temporary basis, prior to the formalisation of their appointments.
Philibert Nang
Philibert Nang (born 1967) is a Gabonese mathematician known for his work in algebra (D-modules, Riemann–Hilbert correspondence).

Nang won the 2011 ICTP Ramanujan Prize for his research in mathematics, and because he conducted it in Gabon the ICTP declared: "It is hoped that his example will inspire other young African mathematicians working at the highest levels while based in Africa." He was awarded the African Mathematics Millennium Science Initiative-Phillip Griffiths Prize in 2017.

He obtained his Ph.D. from the Pierre and Marie Curie University in 1996 under the supervision of Louis Boutet de Monvel.

Nang currently serves as president of the Gabon Mathematical Society.

He has been a visiting member at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics and at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. He was employed as associate professor at University of Pretoria in South Africa (2020-2024).

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a research Institute under the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India. It is a public deemed university located at Navy Nagar, Colaba in Mumbai. It also has centres in Bangalore, Pune and Hyderabad. TIFR conducts research primarily in the natural sciences, the biological sciences and theoretical computer science.
Tej R Bagha
Tej R Bagha also known as Tej Ram Bagha was a British-Indian civic figure who served as Mayor of the London Borough of Ealing, United Kingdom. He was known locally for community service, charity engagement, and participation in multicultural and inter-faith initiatives in West London.

West London
West London is the western part of London, England, north of the River Thames, west of the City of London, and extending to the Greater London boundary.

The term is used to differentiate the area from the other parts of London: Central London, North London, East London and South London. West London was part of the historic county of Middlesex.
Cuenco
Cuenco is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cuenco family

Antonio Cuenco (born 1936), Filipino politician

Ernani Cuenco (1936–1988), Filipino composer

José María Cuenco (1885–1972), Filipino Archbishop

Juliet Cuenco, Filipino-Canadian rights activist

Mariano Jesús Cuenco (1888–1964), Filipino politician and writer

Monica Cuenco (born 1994), Filipino singers

Rey Cuenco (1960–1996), Filipino basketball player

Juliet Cuenco
Juliet Cuenco was a Philippine-born activist. She was a prominent civic leader based in Canada's capital Ottawa. She worked in the federal multiculturalism secretariat and was a former executive director of the United Council of Filipino Associations in Canada. She was killed by her husband in 1995. Her name was enshrined in the Ottawa Women's Monument.
Murat Iyigun
Murat Iyigun (born March 21, 1964) is an American and Turkish scholar and author in the field of the economics of family, economic development, political economy, and cliometrics. He is a professor at the University of Colorado.

Cliometrics
Cliometrics (/ˌklaɪ.oʊəˈmɛt.rɪks/, also /ˌkliːoʊˈmɛt.rɪks/), sometimes called 'new economic history' or 'econometric history', is the systematic application of economic theory, econometric techniques, and other formal or mathematical methods to the study of history (especially social and economic history). It is a quantitative approach to economic history (as opposed to qualitative or ethnographic).

There has been a revival in 'new economic history' since the late 1990s.
Ceinture 5001 to 5012
Ceinture 5001 to 5012 were a class of 2-10-2T tank locomotives of the Syndicat d'Exploitation des Chemins de fer de Ceinture de Paris. They were used for hauling freight trains on the Grande Ceinture line in Paris, and later the Région Nord.

The locomotives were designed jointly by the firm of Corpet-Louvet and Henschel & Sohn, and were based on the Prussian T 20. They were delivered to the Ceinture between 1928 and 1930, who numbered them 5001 to 5012.

In 1934, at the dissolution of the Syndicat, they transferred to the Chemins de fer du Nord who renumbered them 5.301 to 5.312.

In 1938, at the creation of the SNCF, they became 2-151.TA.1 to 2-151.TA.12. The SNCF ordered a further 22 of this type, but with the higher boiler pressure of 14 kg/cm2 (1.37 MPa; 199 psi), as the 151.TQ type.

They were retired between 1962 and 1965. None have been preserved.

2-10-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-10-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere the 2-10-2 is known as the Santa Fe type, after the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway that first used the type in 1903.
Bairgania
Bairgania is a town and notified area in the Sitamarhi district in the state of Bihar, India. Bairgania is one of the blocks of Sitamarhi districts and is a border of India that links Nepal via Rautahat District through a custom checkpoint. Bairgania is the first town of India that is located on the bank of the Bagmati River.It has a good government medical hospital and experience doctors such as alumni from PMCH.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Veronika Yesipovich
Veronika Yesipovich (born 10 April 1996) is a Belarusian synchronized swimmer. She competed in the women's duet at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

In 2018, Yesipovich and Iryna Limanouskaya finished in 9th place in the duet technical routine at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships. In the duet free routine they also finished in 9th place.

2018 European Aquatics Championships
The 2018 European Aquatics Championships took place in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Luss in the central belt of Scotland, from 3 to 12 August 2018.

The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in Scotland and Berlin.
Parachela cyanea
Parachela cyanea is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Xenocyprididae, the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. It inhabits Indonesian Borneo and has a maximum length of 4.9 centimetres (1.9 in). It is considered harmless to humans.

Xenocyprididae
Xenocyprididae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, commonly called the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. They have a natural distribution in Asia. This taxon, sometimes spelt Xenocypridae, was previously regarded to be a subfamily, Xenocyprinae, of the family Cyprinidae. Cyprinidae sensu lato is now divided into a number of smaller families within the suborder Cyprinoidei, in the order Cypriniformes.
John Forbes, 6th Lord Forbes
John Forbes, 6th Lord Forbes (died 1547) was a Scottish landowner.

He was the son of William Forbes, 3rd Lord Forbes and Christian Gordon, daughter of Alexander Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly.

He became Lord Forbes after the death of his brother Arthur in 1493.

In 1528 he accompanied James V to Edinburgh from Stirling Castle and swore the "great oath" against the Douglas family.

He was involved in a feud in Aberdeen and the killing of Alexander Seton of Meldrum. In 1530 he was ordered to compensate Lord Elphinstone for an attack on Kildrummy Castle in 1525.

In 1536 he was charged with treason and was imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle and was released in 1538.

In 1542 Forbes and the Earl of Huntly fought in the north of Scotland.

He died in 1547.

Kildrummy Castle
Kildrummy Castle is a ruined castle near Kildrummy, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.  Though ruined, it is one of the most extensive castles dating from the 13th century to survive in eastern Scotland, and was the seat of the Earls of Mar. It is owned today by Historic Environment Scotland and is open to the public as a scheduled monument with gardens that are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.
Xi'an KJ-600
The Xi'an KJ-600 is a Chinese twin-propeller, quad-tail, folding high-wing military aircraft designed for carrier-based airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) and cargo delivery, intended for catapult-launched (CATOBAR) operations on Type 003 and later-class aircraft carriers of the People's Liberation Army Navy from around 2025.

Turboprop
A turboprop is a gas-turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.

A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. Jet fuel is then added to the compressed air in the combustor, where the fuel-air mixture then combusts. The hot combustion gases expand through the turbine stages, generating power at the point of exhaust. Some of the power generated by the turbine is used to drive the compressor and electric generator. The gases are then exhausted from the turbine. In contrast to a turbojet or turbofan, the engine's exhaust gases do not provide enough power to create a major portion of the total thrust, since almost all of the engine's power is used to drive the propeller.
Carebara castanea
Carebara castanea is a species of ant from the Myrmicinae subfamily. The scientific name of this species was first published in 1858 by Smith. It is found in Thailand, Laos, and China.

Carebara castanea is consumed by humans in northern Thailand. It is locally known as maeng man (แมงมัน), or subterranean ant.

Northern Thailand
Northern Thailand, or more specifically Lan Na, is a region of Thailand. It is geographically characterized by several mountain ranges, which continue from the Shan Hills in neighboring Myanmar to Laos, and the river valleys that cut through them. Like most of Thailand, it has a tropical savanna climate, but its relatively high elevation and latitude contribute to more pronounced seasonal temperature variation, with cooler winters than the other regions.

Historically, northern Thailand has been linked to the Hariphunchai Kingdom, which emerged as a powerful state in the region in the 7th century. This kingdom was related to the Dvaravati that existed from the 6th to 11th centuries. The Hariphunchai culture later influenced the development of the Lanna Kingdom, which emerged in the 13th century and lasted until the 18th century.
44 Cygni
44 Cygni is a supergiant star in the constellation Cygnus. It is surrounded by the reflection nebula vdB 133. The nebula Sh 2-106 is found less than a degree to the northwest.

44 Cygni is the primary component of the double star AC 18. Its companion, AC 18 B, has a magnitude of 9.59 compared with 44 Cygni's magnitude of 6.2. They are visually separated by 2", making it challenging, but not impossible, to view optically.

Reflection nebula
In astronomy, reflection nebulae are clouds of interstellar dust which might reflect the light of a nearby star or stars. The energy from the nearby stars is insufficient to ionize the gas of the nebula to create an emission nebula, but is enough to give sufficient scattering to make the dust visible. Thus, the frequency spectrum shown by reflection nebulae is similar to that of the illuminating stars. Among the microscopic particles responsible for the scattering are carbon compounds (e. g. diamond dust) and compounds of other elements such as iron and nickel. The latter two are often aligned with the galactic magnetic field and cause the scattered light to be slightly polarized.
Oakland, Lauderdale County, Alabama
Oakland is an unincorporated community in Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States.
Oakland is a quiet community on Waterloo Road that is between Florence and Waterloo. 
There used to be a functioning elementary school till the early 1980s.
Oakland Gin is located in the heart of Oakland and runs every cotton season.  Vaden/Scruggs Gin is located further out in Oakland. 
Crossroads Market and The Cotton Traders provide food and fuel for everyone traveling through. 
Oakland has a volunteer fire department.

Oakland is bordered by Florence to the east, Cloverdale to the north, Waterloo to the northwest, Central to the northeast, Cherokee to the southwest, Littleville to the south, and Tuscumbia to the southeast.

Cherokee, Alabama
Cherokee is a town in west Colbert County, Alabama, United States. Located near the Tennessee River, it is part of the Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area, known as "The Shoals". As of the 2020 census, Cherokee had a population of 970.
Luciano Zappata
Admiral Luciano Zappata is an Italian Navy officer who served as Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformation.

He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1970

From 1987 to 1988, he commanded the frigate ITS Espero and from 1992 to 1993 served as commanding officer of the cruiser ITS Vittorio Veneto, participating in Operation Restore Hope. He was promoted to rear admiral in December 1996, holding the positions of commander of the Second and Third Naval Divisions.

He later served as Chief of Staff to Commander in Chief Naval Fleet and Vice Inspector for Naval Logistics Support.
In January 2005, he was promoted to vice admiral and served as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Italian Navy. Before being promoted to admiral in June 2007 he served as Advisor to the Chief of Staff of the Italian Defence. He assumed the position of Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformation on July 2, 2007.

Commander in Chief Naval Fleet
The Commander in Chief Naval Fleet (Italian: Comandante in Capo della Squadra Navale) (CINCNAV) is a post in the Italian Navy that is responsible for the operational aspects of the Italian Navy, including ships, submarines and aircraft.
The post was established in 1952 and since 1972 has been based in Santa Rosa near Rome.
Trevor Nash
Trevor Gifford Nash (3 May 1930; 12 August 2016) was Archdeacon of Basingstoke from 1982 to 1990.

Nash was educated at Haileybury College; Clare College, Cambridge; Ripon College Cuddesdon. After curacies in Cheshunt and Kingston upon Thames he was Priest in charge at Stevenage. He was Vicar of Leagrave from Luton 1963 to 1967; Senior Chaplain at St George's Hospital from 1967 to 1973; and Rector of St Lawrence with St Swithun, Winchester from 1973 to 1982.

Stevenage
Stevenage (/ˈstiːvənɪdʒ/ STEE-vən-ij) is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, about 28 miles (45 km) north of London. Stevenage is east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), between Letchworth Garden City to the north and Welwyn Garden City to the south. In 1946, Stevenage was designated the United Kingdom's first New Town under the New Towns Act. In 2021 it had a population of 94,456.
Stone Jam
Stone Jam is the fifth album by the American funk band Slave. It was released in 1980 on Cotillion Records and reissued in 1997 on Rhino Records. It was produced by Jimmy Douglass and Steve Washington. The album was listed on the Billboard 200, Billboard's 1981 Year-End Chart and was certified Gold by the RIAA. It contains the hit singles "Sizzlin' Hot", "Feel My Love", and "Watching You".

Slave (band)
Slave was an American Ohio-based funk band popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Trumpeter and multi-instrumentalist Steve Washington, born in New Jersey, attended East Orange High School, and was one of the first users of the "electric trumpet". He and Trombonist Floyd Miller formed the group in Dayton, Ohio, in 1975.
Manila East Road
The Manila East Road, also known as National Road and National Highway, is a two-to-four lane primary and secondary highway connecting Metro Manila to the provinces of Rizal and Laguna in the Philippines.

Since 2014, the entire road is a part of the series of national highways by the Department of Public Works and Highways. It is a component of National Route 60 from Pasig to Cainta, National Route 601 (N601) from Cainta to Famy, while the segment from Famy to Pagsanjan is a component of National Route 602 (N602).

Department of Public Works and Highways
The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH; Filipino: Kagawaran ng mga Pagawain at Lansangang Pambayan) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for serving as the country's engineering and construction arm. It is tasked with implementing the government's policy to maintain and develop its engineering capabilities to ensure the safety, efficiency, and quality of public infrastructure and construction projects.

The DPWH oversees the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure across the country, particularly national highways, flood control systems, water resources development, and other public works. Its functions are to be carried out in a decentralized manner, as much as possible.

Since 2025, following the flood control project controversy, the department is heavily criticized for regarding the mismanagement of aid, including reports of financial corruption and money laundering.
Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro
Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro (born April 17, 1952) is a Brazilian engineer, mathematician and statistician who has made significant contributions to the theory of statistical inference, mainly through asymptotic theory and applied probability.

Associação Brasileira de Estatística
The Brazilian Statistical Association (Portuguese: Associação Brasileira de Estatística (ABE)) is a non-profit organization with the purpose of promoting the development and application of statistical science. It also acts as a debating place for any professional body that has an interest in statistics. Its headquarters is at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo.

ABE organizes the Simpósio Nacional de Probabilidade e Estatística (SINAPE), a symposium where statisticians from all over the country can debate the latest advances in probability theory and statistics.

ABE publishes the Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics. The journal is published four times per year.