hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lemon Tree (2008 film)
Lemon Tree (Hebrew: עץ לימון, romanized: 'Etz Limon; Arabic: شجرة ليمون, romanized: 'Shajaret Leimoun) is a 2008 drama film directed by Eran Riklis, co-written by Suha Arraf. Starring Hiam Abbass, Ali Suliman, Danny Leshman and Rona Lipaz-Michael, it follows the legal efforts of a Palestinian widow to stop the Israeli Defense Minister, her new next door neighbor, from destroying the lemon trees in her family farm. At the same time, she develops a human bond with the minister's wife.

The film is loosely based on a true story where trees were finally uprooted in the interest of Shaul Mofaz, Israeli Defense Minister from 2002 to 2006.

The film had its world premiere in the Panorama section of the 58th Berlin International Film Festival, and was theatrically released in Israel on 27 March 2008. It received a tepid response from Israeli audiences, but was well received internationally. It was nominated for Best Actress (Abbass) and Best Screenwriter at the 21st European Film Awards.

European Film Award for Best Actress
The European Film Award for Best Actress is an award given out at the annual European Film Awards to recognize an actress who has delivered an outstanding leading performance in a film industry. The awards are presented by the European Film Academy (EFA) and was first presented in 1988 to Spanish actress Carmen Maura for her role as Pepa in Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown.

Juliette Binoche, Isabelle Huppert, Carmen Maura, Charlotte Rampling, and Sandra Hüller are the only actresses who have received this award more than once, with two wins each. Penélope Cruz is the most nominated actress in the category with five nominations.
Agamemnon's Daughter
Agamemnon's Daughter (Albanian: Vajza e Agamemnonit) is a 2003 novella by the Albanian writer and inaugural International Man Booker Prize winner Ismail Kadare. It is the first part of a diptych of which the second and longer part is The Successor. It is considered by many critics to be one of the author's greatest works.

Claude Durand
Claude Durand (1938–2015) was a French publisher, translator and writer. He worked in the French film industry editing films and occasionally writing and directing.

He published leading authors such as Solzhenitsyn and Houellebecq, and together with his wife Carmen, he translated the standard French edition of Gabriel García Márquez's novel One Hundred Years of Solitude. As a writer, he won the 1979 Prix Médicis for his novel La Nuit zoologique.

As Solzhenitsyn's literary agent (Editions Fayard) since 2003 he acted as an intermediary with "Moscow" when Edward Ericson Jr. and Daniel Mahoney were preparing The Solzhenitsyn Reader. A substantial part of the notes (remarks) on the Journal of the Red Wheel are of his hand.
Poligeenan
Poligeenan (CAS No. 53973-98-1) is a low viscosity, low molecular weight, sulfated polygalactan polymer used exclusively in clinical diagnostic applications. The polymer is derived from the molecular backbone of carrageenan.

Galactan
Galactan (galactosan) is a polysaccharide consisting of polymerized galactose. In general, galactans in natural sources contain a core of galactose units connected by α(1→3) or α(1→6), with structures containing other monosaccharides as side-chains.

Galactan derived from Anogeissus latifolia is primarily α(1→6), but galactan from acacia trees is primarily α(1→3).

Halymenia durvillei is a red seaweed (algae) that produces a sulfated galactan. Several other algae species also contain galactans. Including Carpopeltis F.Schmitz, 1895.

Galactan is found in the side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and is needed for gel formation in the cell walls of organisms. It was observed there was less of the gelling characteristic (as well as the polymeric chains being more likely to degrade) when fewer galactans were present in the polymeric side chains.
Loch of Strathbeg
The Loch of Strathbeg is a shallow freshwater loch on the coast of Buchan in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It lies within the parishes of Lonmay and Crimond. The loch is a designated special protection area because of its importance to birdlife and is managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, which operates a visitor centre at Starnafin. It is visited in the winter months by at least 20,000 birds, including pink-footed geese, whooper swans, and teals.

Eurasian teal
The Eurasian teal (Anas crecca), common teal, or Eurasian green-winged teal is a common and widespread duck that breeds in temperate Eurosiberia and migrates south in winter. The Eurasian teal is often called simply the teal due to being the only one of these small dabbling ducks in much of its range. The bird gives its name to the blue-green colour teal.

It is a highly gregarious duck outside the breeding season and can form large flocks. It is commonly found in sheltered wetlands and feeds on seeds and aquatic invertebrates. The North American green-winged teal (A. carolinensis) was formerly (and sometimes is still) considered a subspecies of A. crecca.
Chally
Chally is an alternate spelling for:

Çallı, Zardab, a village in Azerbaijan

Challis (fabric), a type of fabric

Challenger 1, a British tank in service from the mid-1980s to early 21st century

Challenger 2, a British tank in service since 1998

Challis (fabric)
Challis, sometimes referred to as challie  or chally, is a lightweight woven fabric, originally a silk-and-wool blend, which can also be made from a single fibre, such as cotton, silk or wool, or from man-made fabrics such as rayon. It was first manufactured in Norwich, England, in about 1832, when it was designed as a thin, soft material similar to Norwich crepe, but matte-textured rather than glossy, and more pliable.
It was being exported to Australia in 1833. Challis could be made with woven designs, or printed. 'French challis' has a glossy finish. The designs were often floral, paisley, or geometric, and based on French silk patterns.

The term is derived from an Anglo-Indian word, shallee, which means 'soft'. At least one source suggests the term is American Indian.
Luika barb
The Luika barb (Enteromius luikae) is a species of cyprinid fish.

It is found in Burundi and Tanzania.
Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent freshwater lakes.
It is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Kweku Etrew Amua-Sekyi
Kweku Etrew Amua-Sekyi (5 July 1933 – May 17, 2007) was a Ghanaian Supreme Court Judge. He served on the bench of the Supreme Court of the Gambia and the Supreme Court of Ghana. He was the chairman for the National Reconciliation Commission that was set up through the Parliament of Ghana in 2002.

Supreme Court of the Gambia
The Supreme Court of the Gambia is a superior court of record and the highest court in The Gambia. Established in 1851, it has appellate and original jurisdiction over any law exceeding the powers conferred by the Constitution or any law upon the National Assembly or any other person or authority.
Ottoman raids in Friuli
On four occasions in the 15th century, the Ottoman Empire raided the Patria del Friuli, then part of the Republic of Venice and nowadays north-eastern Italy. The first three raids (1472, 1477, 1478) took place during the First Ottoman–Venetian War. The final raid (1499) occurred during the Second Ottoman–Venetian War. These were overland raids launched as part of the Ottoman wars in Europe.

Patria del Friuli
The Patria del Friuli (Latin: Patria Fori Iulii, Friulian: Patrie dal Friûl), also known as the Patriarchal State of Aquileia (Italian: Stato patriarcale di Aquileia), was the territory under the temporal (political) rule of the Patriarch of Aquileia, and one of the ecclesiastical states within the Holy Roman Empire. It was created in the second half of the 11th century, and existed up to the first half of the 15th century. As in the case of other ecclesiastical states, its territory was not identical with jurisdictional borders of the Patriarchate of Aquileia. In 1420, the Republic of Venice acquired and consequently annexed the territory, thus depriving the Patriarch of Aquileia of his temporal powers. Under Venetian rule, the region continued to be administered for some time under its own laws and customs.
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy (Urdu: شرمین عبید چنائے; born November 12, 1978) is a Pakistani journalist, filmmaker and political activist known for her work in films that highlight gender inequality against women. She is the recipient of seven Emmy Awards and two Academy Awards.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Asia Pacific Gateway
Asia Pacific Gateway (APG) is a submarine communications cable system that connects mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam and Singapore.
It will be about 10,400 kilometres (6,500 mi) long. The capacity will be 54.8 terabits per second. The APG cable consortium includes Facebook, CAT Telecom, China Telecom, China Mobile International, China Unicom, Chunghwa Telecom, KT Corporation, LG Uplus, NTT Communications, StarHub, Global Transit, Viettel and VNPT. The APG cable system was scheduled to be ready for service in 2016.

StarHub
StarHub Limited, commonly known as StarHub, is a Singaporean multinational telecommunications conglomerate and one of the major telcos operating in the country. Founded in 1998, it is listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX).
Gunnlaugur Halldórsson
Gunnlaugur Halldórsson (1909–1986) was an Icelandic architect. He is considered the first Icelandic modernist architect. He was educated in Denmark.

Some of his works include the 1940 expansion of Landsbankinn, Háskólabíó (co-designed by Guðmundur Kr. Kristinsson) and the re-designed of Bessastaðir (the official residence of the President of Iceland) in the style of Danish manors. He designed the Sólheimar tower blocks in Reykjavík; the first of their kind.

Bessastaðir
Bessastaðir (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpɛsːaˌstaːðɪr̥], lit. 'Bessi's Place') is the official residence of the president of Iceland. It is situated in Álftanes (Garðabær Municipality), about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the capital city, Reykjavík.
José Encarnación Jr.
José Encarnación Jr. (November 17, 1928 – July 5, 1998) was a Filipino professor of economics at the University of the Philippines Diliman, where he served as dean of the School of Economics from 1974 until his retirement in 1994.

Lexicographic preferences
In economics, lexicographic preferences or lexicographic orderings describe comparative preferences where an agent prefers any amount of one good (X) to any amount of another (Y). Specifically, if offered several bundles of goods, the agent will choose the bundle that offers the most X, no matter how much Y there is. Only when there is a tie between bundles with regard to the number of units of X will the agent start comparing the number of units of Y across bundles. Lexicographic preferences extend utility theory analogously to the way that nonstandard infinitesimals extend the real numbers. With lexicographic preferences, the utility of certain goods is infinitesimal in comparison to others.
Charchów Pański
Charchów Pański (Polish pronunciation: [ˈxarxuf ˈpaj̃skʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north of Zadzim, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice
Poddębice [pɔdːɛmˈbʲit͡sɛ] is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Poddębice County. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Łódź. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Anne Matthes
Anne Matthes (born 30 April 1985) is a German female volleyball player. She was part of the Germany women's national volleyball team.

She participated at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan. She played with PVF Matera.

2010 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2010 FIVB Women's World Championship was the sixteenth edition of the competition. Like the previous tournament, the 2010 edition also was held from 29 October to 14 November 2010 in Japan, though the range of venues and locations was modified slightly (Matsumoto and Hamamatsu replaced Sapporo and Kobe in 2010). Twenty-four teams participated in the tournament.

The tournament was won by Russia, who finished with a perfect record, defeating Brazil in the intense final game. Japan defeated the United States for the third place, winning their first bronze medal in the tournament history, and the first medal since 1978, having so far three gold and three silver already to their name. Russia won its second straight title, while Brazil was prevented from achieving a volleyball double of winning both the men's championship and the women's championship in the same year.

Russia's towering outside hitter Yekaterina Gamova was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
Malli (film)
Malli is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language children's film directed by Santosh Sivan. The film met with widespread critical acclaim upon release, and has been shown at many film festivals including the Toronto International Film Festival and the New York International Children's Film Festival. It won the  Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation at the 46th National Film Awards.

The film revolves around the story of Malli (P. Shwetha), a poor girl who meets an old, local storyteller, who shares with her a story of a magical blue stone that can cure her best friend's muteness. With new horizons to pursue, she sets off to find this mysterious blue wishing stone.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
Thomas J. Thompson
Thomas J. Thompson (sometimes credited as Tommy Thompson) is an American television director.

Since the early 1980s, he has also worked as a key grip, camera coordinator, technical coordinator and associate director, for numerous television series. They include Cagney & Lacey, The War at Home, All of Us, Wanda at Large, Shake It Up and Austin & Ally.

As a television director, he has directed episodes of Dave's World, The Norm Show, The Drew Carey Show and Good Luck Charlie.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Christopher Martin Davis
Christopher Martin Davis (born 1 March 1994) is a competitive ice dancer for Bulgaria. With partner Mina Zdravkova, he is the 2020 Bulgarian Ice Dance Champion, Silver Medallist at 2020 Jégvirág Cup, Bronze Medallist at 2019 NRW Trophy, and the Bulgarian representative at the 2020 European Figure Skating Championships and 2021 World Figure Skating Championships. Originally a U.S. citizen, Davis became a naturalized Bulgarian citizen in 2019 and has demonstrated his knowledge of the Bulgarian language in television interviews.

NRW Trophy
The NRW Trophy (also known as the NRW Summer Trophy or the NRW Autumn Trophy) is an annual international figure skating competition organized by the Skating Union of North Rhine-Westphalia. Since 2007, it has been sanctioned by the Deutsche Eislauf Union and the International Skating Union. It is held every autumn at the Westfalenhallen in Dortmund, Germany. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition is held in two parts: The Ice Dance Trophy is held in early November, while the Figure Skating Trophy is held for singles and pair skating in late November or early December.
Manfred Gurlitt
Manfred Gurlitt (6 September 1890 – 29 April 1972) was a German opera composer and conductor. He studied composition with Engelbert Humperdinck and conducting with Karl Muck. He spent most of his career in Japan.

Georg Büchner
Karl Georg Büchner (17 October 1813 – 19 February 1837) was a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose, considered part of the Young Germany movement. He was also a revolutionary and the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig Büchner. His literary achievements, though limited, are generally held in great esteem in Germany. Despite his brief career, his plays profoundly influenced naturalism, expressionism, and later developments in European theater.

At the age of 21, Büchner, with others, wrote a pamphlet entitled The Hessian Courier that has been called the most revolutionary manifesto of the nineteenth century before The Communist Manifesto.
Kheti (vizier)
Kheti was an ancient Egyptian vizier of the Twelfth Dynasty under king Amenemhet III, who ruled around 1800 BC.

Kheti is known from a papyrus fragment dated to the 29th year of the reign of that monarch.  He is the only vizier who can be specifically dated to the rule of Amenemhat III.

In the Installation of the Vizier, a text referring to the office of the vizier, found in several New Kingdom tombs, there is mentioned a famous vizier named Kheti. About him it is said: "He impoverished his associates for the benefits of others". It seems possible that both sources refer to the same person.

Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Vizier is the generally accepted rendering of ancient Egyptian tjati, tjaty etc., among Egyptologists. The Instruction of Rekhmire (Installation of the Vizier), a New Kingdom text, defines many of the duties of the tjaty, and lays down codes of behavior. The viziers were often appointed by the pharaoh. During the 4th Dynasty and early 5th Dynasty, viziers were exclusively drawn from the royal family; from the period around the reign of Neferirkare Kakai onwards, they were chosen according to loyalty and talent or inherited the position from their fathers.
Muzzi
Muzzi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Muzzi (1815–1894), Italian painter

Domenico Muzzi (1742–1812), Italian painter

Oreste Muzzi (1887–1946), Italian swimmer

Roberto Muzzi (born 1971), Italian footballer

Victor Muzzi (born 1993), Brazilian photographer

Antonio Muzzi
Antonio Muzzi (1815 – 1894) was an Italian figure and history painter, active in both Bologna and St Petersburg. He trained in the Academy of Fine Arts of Bologna, and became a docent at the academy. Muzzi was commissioned by the marchese Gioacchino Pepoli to paint La cacciata degli austriaci da Porta Galliera l’8 agosto 1848, which depicts a battle in which the marchese participated. The canvas is now displayed in the Museum of the Risorgimento of Bologna.
Morgan-Gold House
Morgan-Gold House, also known as "Golden Meadows" or the Samuel Gold House, is a historic home located at Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It is an L-shaped, three-bay, two-story, log dwelling on a stone foundation. The front section was built about 1809, and is a 20 1/2-feet deep and 30 1/2-feet wide block, with a pedimented portico in the Greek Revival style.  The rear part of the ell was built about 1745 by David Morgan, son of the Morgan Morgan the first white settler of West Virginia. Also on the property are three log outbuildings and Victorian-era granary.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Granary
A granary, also known as a grain house and historically as a granarium in Latin, is a post-harvest storage building primarily for grains or seeds. Granaries are typically built above the ground to prevent spoilage and protect the stored grains or seeds from rodents, pests, floods, and adverse weather conditions. They also assist in drying the grains to prevent mold growth. Modern granaries may incorporate advanced ventilation and temperature control systems to preserve the quality of the stored grains.
Friedel Apelt
Friedel Apelt (1 November 1902 - 12 December 2001) was a German political activist, trades union official and politician (KPD/SED). During the Nazi years she participated actively in anti-fascist resistance, and spent much of the time in prison or as a concentration camp internee. After the war she was able to resume her political career in the Soviet occupation zone (relaunched, in October 1949, as the German Democratic Republic).

During a long political career she was married three times, and she may be identified in sources by any one of four names. Before her first marriage she was Frieda (or Friedel) Raddünz. After her first marriage, in 1925, she became Friedel Franz. Between 1946 and 1952 she was Friedel Malter. She retained her final name, Friedel Apelt, for nearly fifty years, between 1952 and 2001.

Landtag of Prussia
The Landtag of Prussia (German: Preußischer Landtag) was the representative assembly of the Kingdom of Prussia implemented in 1849, a bicameral legislature consisting of the upper House of Lords (Herrenhaus) and the lower House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus). After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–19 the Landtag diet continued as the parliament of the Free State of Prussia between 1921 and 1934, when it was abolished by the Nazi regime.