hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sam Kavuma
Lieutenant General Samuel Kavuma, commonly known as Sam Kavuma, is a Ugandan senior military officer. Since March 2024, he has been serving as the Commander of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS). Before that, from 24 June 2021 until 24 March 2024, he was the deputy coordinator of Operation Wealth Creation, a presidential appointment by Yoweri Museveni Immediately before that position, he served as the deputy commander of the Uganda People's Defence Force Air Force. Before that, Kavuma served as the Commander of the Uganda People's Defence Force Contingent in Somalia, as part of the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). He was appointed to that position in October 2014. He replaced Brigadier General Dick Olum, who served in that position from September 2013 until October 2014.

African Union Transition Mission in Somalia
The African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) is a former African Union transition and drawdown mission from peacekeeping operations in Somalia. Formerly the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM), which began in 2007 and operated until 2022, the goal of ATMIS was to fully transition security operations to the Somali National Armed Forces. The operation consisted of troops from the East African nations of Ethiopia, Kenya, Burundi, Djibouti, and Uganda.

ATMIS transitioned into the AU Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) at the start of 2025. Financial constraints and rising tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia during late 2024 have complicated the transition.
Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.

Potemkin Stairs
The Potemkin Stairs, Potemkin Steps (Ukrainian: Потьомкінські сходи, romanized: Potiomkinski skhody; Russian: Потёмкинская лестница), or officially, the Prymorski Stairs (Ukrainian: Приморські сходи), are a giant stairway in Odesa, Ukraine. They are considered a formal entrance into the city from the direction of the sea and are the best known symbol of Odesa.

The stairs were originally known as the Boulevard steps, the Giant Staircase, or the Richelieu steps. The top step is 12.5 m (41 ft) wide, and the lowest step is 21.7 m (71 ft) wide. The staircase extends for 142 m (466 ft), but it gives the illusion of greater length.
Countess Palatine Eleonore Catharine of Zweibrücken
Eleonora Catherine of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken (17 May 1626 – 3 March 1692), was a cousin and foster sister of Queen Christina of Sweden and sister of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden. After her brother's accession to the throne (1654), she and her siblings were all considered royal princesses and princes of Sweden. As the wife of Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege (1617–1655), she was by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Eschwege, and after her husband's death acted as regent and administrator of his lands (1655–1692).

Osterholz-Scharmbeck
Osterholz-Scharmbeck (German pronunciation: [ˈoːstɐˌhɔlts ˈʃaʁmbɛk] ⓘ; Low German: Oosterholt-Scharmbeek) is a town and the capital of the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Osterholz-Scharmbeck is situated between the cities  of Bremen and Bremerhaven.
Arun Kumar Ahuja
Arun Kumar Ahuja (real name Gulshan Singh Ahuja) (17 January 1917 – 3 July 1998), popularly known as Aroon, was an Indian actor and producer who was active in Hindi cinema from the 1940s through to the early 1980s, appearing in over 40 films in both leading and supporting roles.
He was married to singer and actress Nirmala Devi and is the father of actor Govinda.

Abodh
Abodh (English: Innocent) is a 1984 Bollywood film directed by Hiren Nag. It marked the debut of actress Madhuri Dixit and the Bollywood debut of Bengali actor Tapas Paul. The lyrics and music of the film are by Ravindra Jain.
Valve Raudnask
Valve Raudnask (née Valve Purask; born 10 December 1936 in Aleksandri Parish, Võru County) is an Estonian journalist and politician. From 1963 until 1982, she worked as a journalist for the daily newspaper Noorte Hääl. From 1982 until 1983, she was a journalist for Õhtuleht. Later, from 1983 until 1994, she was the head of the newspaper Rahva Hääl, and from 1994 until 1995, the head of Eesti Sõnumid. She was a member of VIII Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Centre Party.

Noorte Hääl

Võru County
Võru County (Estonian: Võru maakond or Võrumaa; Võro: Võro maakund) is a county in southern Estonia. It is bordered by Valga and Põlva counties, Latvia's Alūksne and Ape municipalities, and Russia's Pskov Oblast (making it the only Estonian county to border two countries).

The territory of Võrumaa covers 2,305 km2 (890 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. In 2022, Võru County had a population of 34,182, 2.6% of the total population in Estonia. The county is subdivided into 12 rural municipalities and one urban municipality, the county capital, Võru.
1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19
The 1977 Vuelta a España was the 32nd edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Dehesa de Campoamor, with a prologue individual time trial on 26 April, and Stage 11a occurred on 7 May with a stage from Barcelona. The race finished in Miranda de Ebro on 15 May.

Cordovilla
Cordovilla is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 129 people.
Sab Moh Maaya Hai
Sab Moh Maaya Hai is a 2023 Hindi-language family drama film directed by Abhinav Pareek and produced by Vinod Bhanushali under Bhanushali Studios Limited. The film stars Sharman Joshi, Annu Kapoor, Tanmay Nagar, and Harry Meena in lead roles.

Initially slated for a theatrical release in 2022, the film faced distribution challenges and eventually premiered directly on television  on November 18, 2023. The story revolves around a father-son relationship strained by conflicting aspirations and societal pressures, culminating in a journey of self-realization and familial reconciliation.

Vinod Bhanushali
Vinod Bhanushali (born 15 January 1973) is an Indian film producer and entrepreneur from Mumbai, Maharashtra, known for films like Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai and Janhit Mein Jaari. Vinod is also the founder of Bhanushali Studios Limited and Hitz Music.

Bhanushali was the president of Global Marketing and Media Publishing for T-Series, a music record label and film production company.
Performance acceleration technology
The Intel Performance Acceleration Technology (PAT) is technology built onto Intel i875 Canterwood mainboards and other Pentium 4 based motherboards that based on the Intel D875PBZ reference board. Performance Acceleration Technology delivers additional system-level performance by optimizing memory access between CPU and system memory, allowing increased performance to be exhibited at standard operating specification.

There are three types of Performance Mode: Disabled, Partially enabled, and fully Enabled. There may be BIOS settings that affect this parameter. The PAT status is reported by some versions of Memtest86 and CPU-Z, and at boot time by Dell motherboards.

Asus managed to turn this same feature on, on their 865PE chipset based boards but called it "Memory Acceleration Mode" (MAM) to avoid infringement issues.

MemTest86
MemTest86 and Memtest86+ are memory test software programs designed to test and stress test an x86 architecture computer's random-access memory (RAM) for errors, by writing test patterns to most memory addresses, reading back the data, and comparing for errors. Each tries to verify that the RAM will accept and correctly retain arbitrary patterns of data written to it, that there are no errors where different bits of memory interact, and that there are no conflicts between memory addresses.
CUSUM
In statistical quality control, the CUSUM (or cumulative sum control chart) is a sequential analysis technique developed by E. S. Page of the University of Cambridge. It is typically used for monitoring change detection.
CUSUM was announced in Biometrika, in 1954, a few years after the publication of Wald's sequential probability ratio test (SPRT).

Page referred to a "quality number" , by which he meant a parameter of the probability distribution; for example, the mean. He devised CUSUM as a method to determine changes in it, and proposed a criterion for deciding when to take corrective action. When the CUSUM method is applied to changes in mean, it can be used for step detection of a time series.

A few years later, George Alfred Barnard developed a visualization method, the V-mask chart, to detect both increases and decreases in .

Abraham Wald
Abraham Wald (/wɔːld/; German: [valt]; Hungarian: Wald Ábrahám, Yiddish: אברהם וואַלד; (1902-10-31)31 October 1902 – (1950-12-13)13 December 1950) was a Hungarian and American mathematician and statistician who contributed to decision theory, geometry and econometrics, and founded the field of sequential analysis. One of his well-known statistical works was written during World War II on how to minimize the damage to bomber aircraft and took into account the survivorship bias in his calculations. He spent his research career at Columbia University. He was the grandson of Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner.
Hanekonma
Hanekonma (はね駒) is a 1986 Japanese television serial, the 36th NHK asadora drama. Written by Koharu Terauchi, it was inspired by the life of Haruko Isomura (1877-1918), a pioneer female newspaper reporter of the Meiji and Taishō eras.

Like its predecessor, Oshin, an English-subtitled version of the serial, described as a "high-class soapie", was broadcast in Australia on SBS, under the title Rin, in 1988.

Taishō era
The Taishō era (大正時代, Taishō jidai; [taiɕoː dʑidai] ⓘ) was a period in the history of Japan dating from July 30, 1912 to December 25, 1926, coinciding with the reign of Emperor Taishō. The new emperor brought on the shift in political power from the old oligarchic group of elder statesmen (or genrō) to the Imperial Diet of Japan and the democratic parties. Thus, the era is considered the time of the liberal movement known as Taishō Democracy; it is usually distinguished from the preceding chaotic Meiji era and the following militaristic-driven first part of the Shōwa era.
Dividend on Death
Dividend on Death is a 1939 detective novel by the American writer Brett Halliday. It was the first novel in Halliday's Michael Shayne series of novels, portraying the investigations of a private detective. It also introduced the character of Phyllis Brighton, who became Shayne's wife. It was followed in 1940 by a second novel The Private Practice of Michael Shayne. When a film version of Michael Shayne was made, it borrowed some elements from the first novel but was largely based on The Private Practice of Michael Shayne.

Michael Shayne
Michael "Mike" Shayne is a fictional private detective character created during the late 1930s in a series of novels written by writer Brett Halliday, a pseudonym of Davis Dresser. The character appeared in a series of seven films starring Lloyd Nolan for Twentieth Century Fox, five films from the low-budget Producers Releasing Corporation with Hugh Beaumont, a radio series under a variety of titles between 1944 and 1953, a television pilot broadcast in 1958, and later in 1960–1961 in a 32-episode NBC television series starring Richard Denning in the title role.
Derbyshire County Cricket League
The Premier Division of the Derbyshire County Cricket League is the top level of competition for recreational club cricket in Derbyshire, England, and is a designated ECB Premier League. The Premier League was founded in 2000 as a separate league from the Derbyshire County Cricket League, and at that time was called the Derbyshire Premier Cricket League. The two leagues amalgamated before the 2016 season, and the Derbyshire Premier Cricket League became the Premier Division of the Derbyshire County Cricket League. While most of the league's member clubs are from Derbyshire, there are also clubs from the Burton upon Trent area of Staffordshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire.

England and Wales Cricket Board
The England and Wales Cricket Board (abbreviated as ECB) is the national governing body of cricket in England and Wales. It was formed on 1 January 1997 as a single governing body to combine the roles formerly fulfilled by the Test and County Cricket Board, the National Cricket Association and the Cricket Council. In April 1998 the Women's Cricket Association was integrated into the organisation. The ECB's head offices are at Lord's Cricket Ground in north-west London.

The board oversees all levels of cricket in England and Wales, including the national teams: England Men (Test, One Day International and T20I), England Women, England Lions (Men's second tier), Physical Disability, Learning Disability, Visually Impaired, and Deaf.

Although the organisation is the England and Wales Cricket Board, it is referred to as the ECB, as a result of a decision by those overseeing the transition from the previous bodies.
Fencing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's foil
The men's foil competition of the fencing events at the 2015 Pan American Games was held on July 22 at the Toronto Pan Am Sports Centre.

The foil competition consisted of a qualification round followed by a single-elimination bracket with a bronze medal match between the two semifinal losers. Fencing was done to 15 touches or to the completion of three three-minute rounds if neither fencer reached 15 touches by then. At the end of time, the higher-scoring fencer was the winner; a tie resulted in an additional one-minute sudden-death time period. This sudden-death period was further modified by the selection of a draw-winner beforehand; if neither fencer scored a touch during the minute, the predetermined draw-winner won the bout.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Azalea Quiñones
Azalea Quiñones (27 May 1951 El Tigre) is a Venezuelan  painter and poet.  In her plastic arts work, she combines techniques of drawing, painting and collage,
using materials such as charcoal, crayon, jute, oil, pastels, paint and silk.
Her book Purisima includes both prose and poetry.

Quiñones received a  2010 National Prize of Plastic Arts of Venezuela.
Her works have been exhibited in major galleries and exhibitions including the Salón Nacional de Jóvenes Artistas (National Salon of Young Artists), the Galería Tiempo Argentino, the first Havana Biennial and the Galería de Arte Nacional (GAN),
and have been shown in Buenos Aires, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, Germany, and the United States as well as Venezuela.

Venezuelans
Venezuelans (Spanish: venezolanos) are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of their Venezuelan citizenship or their bond to Venezuela.

Venezuela is a diverse and multilingual country, home to a melting pot of people of distinct origins. As a result, many Venezuelans do not regard their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship or allegiance. From the 1820s to 1930s Venezuela received 2.1 million European immigrants, the third most in Latin America, behind Argentina and Brazil.
Mulshi Kh.
Mulshi Kh is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Vadgaon railway station
Vadgaon Station is a railway station of Pune Suburban Railway on the Mumbai–Chennai line.

Local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala and Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala stop here.

The few passenger trains to stop on this station are-

Pune–Karjat Passenger.

Mumbai–Sainagar Shirdi Fast Passenger.

Mumbai–Bijapur Fast Passenger. Station has two platforms and a foot overbridge.
Konandikro
Konandikro is a village in eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Prikro, Prikro Department, Iffou Region, Lacs District.

Konandikro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Lacs District
Lacs District (French: District des Lacs; pronounced [lak], "Lakes") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the central part of the country. The capital of the district is Dimbokro.
1980 Jack Kramer Open
The 1980 Jack Kramer Open, also known as the Pacific Southwest Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Caballeros Tennis Club in Fountain Valley, California in the United States. The event was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 54th edition of the Pacific Southwest tournament and was held from April 14 through April 20, 1980. First-seeded Gene Mayer won the singles title and the corresponding $27,500 first-prize money.

Brian Teacher
Brian David Teacher (born December 23, 1954) is an American former professional tennis player.  He reached career-high rankings of world No. 7 in singles and world No. 5 in doubles, both in 1981. Teacher is best remembered for being a major singles champion, triumphing at the 1980 Australian Open. He won eight career singles titles and 16 doubles titles.

Following his playing career, he became a touring coach on both the ATP Tour and WTA Tour. He currently runs the Brian Teacher Tennis Academy in South Pasadena, California.
Jamiliya
Jamiliya (Arabic: الجميلية)  is a Syrian village located in Darkush Nahiyah in Jisr al-Shughur District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jamiliya had a population of 612 in the 2004 census.

Darkush Subdistrict
Darkush Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية دركوش)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Jisr al-Shughur District in Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Darkush Subdistrict had a population of 23022 in the 2004 census.
Big Red (motorcycle)
Big Red is the machine with which American Don Vesco took the motorcycle land-speed record, 405.25 kilometres per hour (251.81 mph), on September 17, 1970, at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.

At Bonneville Speed Week in 1969, Vesco took Big Red to a speed of 365 km/h (227 mph). The following year, with the five and a half meter long motorcycle built from an aircraft drop tank, he undertook several more attempts to break the 395.363-kilometre-per-hour (245.667 mph) record set by Robert Leppan in 1966. He succeeded in setting a new record of 405.25 km/h (251.81 mph). A month later, the record was broken again: Cal Rayborn reached an averaged 427.25 kilometres per hour (265.48 mph) in two runs in opposite directions.

The bike is now an exhibit of the Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum.

Bonneville Speedway
Bonneville Speedway (also known as the Bonneville Salt Flats Race Track) is an area of the Bonneville Salt Flats northeast of Wendover, Utah in the United States, that is marked out for motor sports. It is particularly noted as the venue for numerous land speed records. The Bonneville Salt Flats Race Track is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The salt flats were first used for motor sports in 1912, but did not become truly popular until the 1930s when Ab Jenkins and Sir Malcolm Campbell competed to set land speed records.

A reduction of available racing surface and salt thickness has led to the cancellation of events at Bonneville, such as Speed Week in 2014 and 2015.
Available racing surface is much reduced with just 2.5 miles (4.0 km) available instead of the 9-mile (14 km) courses traditionally used for Speed Week.
Bangor railway station (Wales)
Bangor railway station serves the city of Bangor in Gwynedd, North West Wales. it is operated by Transport for Wales. The station, which is 24+3⁄4 miles (40 km) east of Holyhead, is the last mainland station on the North Wales Coast line between Crewe and Holyhead. It is the busiest in terms of passenger numbers in North Wales, as it serves the community around Caernarfon and further west. It is close to the Snowdonia National Park and Bangor University, and has an interchange with bus services to the various towns and villages of north-west Gwynedd and Anglesey.

North Wales Main Line
The North Wales Main Line (Welsh: Prif Linell Gogledd Cymru or Prif Linell y Gogledd; lit. 'north main line'), also known as the North Wales Coast Line (Welsh: Llinell Arfordir Gogledd Cymru), is a major railway line in the north of Wales and Cheshire, England, running from Crewe on the West Coast Main Line to Holyhead on the Isle of Anglesey. The line has 19 stations, with all except two, Chester and Crewe, being in Wales.

The line is not currently electrified, so Avanti West Coast, the current operator of the West Coast Partnership franchise, currently uses Class 805 Evero units. Class 221 Super Voyagers were previously used from December 2007 to December 2024. Plans to electrify the line were announced in October 2023.

The line contains several notable engineering structures, including Conwy railway bridge across the River Conwy, and Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait.
Karabağ, Kurtalan
Karabağ (Kurdish: Behavs) is a village in the Kurtalan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 227 in 2021.

The village was depopulated in the 1990s.

Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey
The number of Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey is estimated at around 3,000. Since 1984, the Turkish military has embarked on a campaign to eradicate the Kurdistan Workers Party; by the year 2000, some 30,000 people had died and two million Kurdish refugees had been driven out of their homes into cities.
Studs Terkel
Louis "Studs" Terkel (May 16, 1912 – October 31, 2008) was an American writer, historian, actor, and broadcaster. He received the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 1985 for The Good War and is best remembered for his oral histories of common Americans, and for hosting a long-running radio show in Chicago.

George Polk Awards
The George Polk Awards in Journalism are a series of American journalism awards presented annually by Long Island University in New York in the United States. A writer for Idea Lab, a group blog hosted on the website of PBS, described the award as "one of only a couple of journalism prizes that means anything". The award is described as follows:

For 75 years, LIU has been the proud home of the George Polk Awards in Journalism, the first major award of its kind to recognize reporting across all media. This prestigious honor focuses on the intrepid, bold, and influential work of the reporters themselves, placing a premium on investigative work that is original, resourceful, and thought-provoking.