hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rowland ring
Rowland's ring (aka Rowland ring) is an experimental arrangement for the measurement of the hysteresis curve of a sample of magnetic material.  It was developed by Henry Augustus Rowland.

The geometry of a Rowland's ring is usually a toroid of magnetic material around which is closely wound a magnetization coil consisting of a large number of windings to magnetize the material, and a sampling coil consisting of a smaller number of windings to sample the induced magnetic flux.  The electric current flowing in the magnetization coil dictates the magnetic field intensity  in the material.  The sampling coil produces a voltage proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic field  in the material.  By measuring the time integral of the voltage in the sampling coil versus the current in the magnetization coil, one obtains the hysteresis curve.

Toroid
In mathematics, a toroid is a surface of revolution with a hole in the middle. The axis of revolution passes through the hole and so does not intersect the surface. For example, when a rectangle is rotated around an axis parallel to one of its edges, then a hollow rectangle-section ring is produced. If the revolved figure is a circle, then the object is called a torus.

The term toroid is also used to describe a toroidal polyhedron. In this context a toroid need not be circular and may have any number of holes. A g-holed toroid can be seen as approximating the surface of a torus having a topological genus, g, of 1 or greater. The Euler characteristic χ of a g holed toroid is 2(1−g).

The torus is an example of a toroid, which is the surface of a doughnut. Doughnuts are an example of a solid torus created by rotating a disk, and are not toroids.

Toroidal structures occur in both natural and synthetic materials.
Essex Community School District
40°49′47″N 95°18′32″W﻿ / ﻿40.829797°N 95.308932°W﻿ / 40.829797; -95.308932

The Essex Community School District based in Essex, Iowa, United States, is a rural public school district serving the town of Essex and surrounding areas in northwestern Page County, with a small area in southern Montgomery County.

The school's mascot is the Trojans. Their colors are red and black.

Montgomery County, Iowa
Montgomery County is a county located in the southwestern area of the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 10,330, and was estimated to be 10,063 in 2024. Its population has declined since a peak in 1900, since urbanization and decline of family farms. The county seat is Red Oak. The county was founded by European-American migrants from eastern areas in 1851. It was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 while trying to capture Quebec City, Canada.

The county has been largely rural and devoted to agriculture. The county was first surveyed in 1852. It is famous as the location of the unsolved Villisca axe murders committed in 1912. Clyde Cessna, the founder of the Cessna Aircraft Company was born here.
Charles Hill Carter
Charles Hill Carter (c. 1732 – June 28, 1806) was a Virginia planter who represented Lancaster County in the Virginia House of Burgesses (1758–1775) and all five of the Virginia Revolutionary Conventions, and also sat on the first Council of State in 1776.

House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses (/ˈbɜːr.dʒə.sɪz/) was the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly from 1619 to 1776. It existed during the colonial history of the United States in the Colony of Virginia in what was then British America. From 1642 to 1776, the House of Burgesses was an important feature of Virginian politics, alongside the Crown-appointed colonial governor and the Virginia Governor's Council, the upper house of the General Assembly.

When Virginia declared its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fifth Virginia Convention in 1776 and became the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, the House of Burgesses was transformed into the House of Delegates, which continues to serve as the lower house of the General Assembly.
Monster Mash (2000 film)
Monster Mash (Italian: Chi ha paura?) is a 2000 Italian-American direct-to-video animated musical comedy horror film co-produced by DIC Entertainment, L.P. and Rai Fiction. It is an original story, based on the lore of Frankenstein's monster, the Wolfman, and Count Dracula.

Personifications of death
Personifications of death are found in many religions and mythologies. In more modern stories, a character known as the Grim Reaper (usually depicted as a berobed skeleton wielding a scythe) causes the victim's death by coming to collect that person's soul. Other beliefs hold that the spectre of death is only a psychopomp, a benevolent figure who serves to gently sever the last ties between the soul and the body, and to guide the deceased to the afterlife, without having any control over when or how the victim dies. Death is most often personified in male form, although in certain cultures death is perceived as female (for instance, Marzanna in Slavic mythology, or Santa Muerte in Mexico). Death is also portrayed as one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Most claims of its appearance occur in states of near-death.
Maersk A-class container ship
The A class is a series of 6 container ships built for Maersk Line. The ships were built by Odense Steel Shipyard in Denmark and have a maximum theoretical capacity of around 8,272 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU).

Twenty-foot equivalent unit
The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.
Canton of Noisy-le-Grand
The canton of Noisy-le-Grand is an administrative division of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were not modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Noisy-le-Grand.

It consists of the following communes:

Gournay-sur-Marne

Noisy-le-Grand

Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: [sɛn sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ⓘ) is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the Île-de-France region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as quatre-vingt treize or neuf trois ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny.

In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 39 communes. In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is Séquano-Dionysiens; more common is Dionysiens.
Palmyra, Virginia
Palmyra is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Fluvanna County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 104. Palmyra lies on the eastern bank of the Rivanna River along U.S. Route 15. The ZIP code for Palmyra and surrounding rural land is 22963.

The Fluvanna County Courthouse Historic District, Glen Burnie, Pleasant Grove, and Seay's Chapel Methodist Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Gordonsville, Virginia
Gordonsville is a town in Orange County in the Commonwealth of Virginia,  United States.  Located approximately 19 miles northeast of Charlottesville and 65 miles northwest of Richmond, the population was 1,402 at the 2020 census.

The town celebrated its bicentennial in 2013, two hundred years after local innkeeper Nathaniel Gordon was appointed the area's first postmaster, thus officially creating the area known as Gordonsville.  It was strategically important during the Civil War, due to its location on the Virginia Central Railroad.

Gordonsville claims to have influenced the popularity of fried chicken in the United States; it bills itself as the "Fried Chicken Capital of the World."
Fort Edgecomb
Fort Edgecomb, built in 1808–1809, is a two-story octagonal wooden blockhouse with restored fortifications located on Davis Island in the town of Edgecomb, Lincoln County, Maine, United States. It is the centerpiece of the Fort Edgecomb State Historic Site. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, with its boundaries increased to create a historic district in 1991.

Octagon
In geometry, an octagon (from Ancient Greek  ὀκτάγωνον (oktágōnon) 'eight angles') is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.

A regular octagon has Schläfli symbol {8} and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t{4}, which alternates two types of edges. A truncated octagon, t{8} is a hexadecagon, {16}. A 3D analog of the octagon can be the rhombicuboctahedron with the triangular faces on it like the replaced edges, if one considers the octagon to be a truncated square.
Clifton (Ednor, Maryland)
Clifton is a historic home located at Ednor, Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is a 1+1⁄2-story gambrel-roofed brick structure with a lower north wing, also with a gambrel roof.  Outbuildings on the property include a wood-frame shed and a guest house or cottage. It is one of the few extant mid-18th-century buildings in Montgomery County and is associated with the local Quaker community, which by 1753 had been organized into the Sandy Spring Meeting of Friends.

Clifton was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
2013 Summit League women's basketball tournament
The 2013 Summit League women's basketball championship was held at the Sioux Falls Arena in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, from 9 March until 12 March. The tournament was won by South Dakota State, who defeated South Dakota in the championship game.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
Oboronprom
OPK Oboronprom (Russian: ОПК Оборонпром) was a Russian aerospace holding company. The company was involved in helicopter production, engine production, air-defence systems, complex radio-electronic systems and leasing. Russian Helicopters, Oboronprom’s helicopter manufacturing group is the leading Russian designer and manufacturer of rotary-wing aircraft equipment.

Oboronprom was dissolved in January 2018. All of its assets were transferred to Rostec.

Rotorcraft
A rotary-wing aircraft, rotorwing aircraft or rotorcraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft with rotary wings that spin around a vertical mast to generate lift. The assembly of several rotor blades mounted on a single mast is referred to as a rotor.

Rotorcraft generally include aircraft where one or more rotors provide lift throughout the entire flight, such as helicopters, gyroplanes, autogyros, and gyrodynes. Compound rotorcraft augment the rotor with additional thrust engines, propellers, or static lifting surfaces. Some types, such as helicopters, are capable of vertical takeoff and landing. An aircraft which uses rotor lift for vertical flight but changes to solely fixed-wing lift in horizontal flight is not a rotorcraft but a convertiplane.
Imran Manack
Imran Manack (born 23 December 1991) is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Easterns in the 2012–13 CSA Provincial Three-Day Competition on 31 January 2013. He made his List A debut for Easterns in the 2013–14 CSA Provincial One-Day Competition on 13 October 2013.

In September 2018, he was named in Easterns' squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. He was the leading wicket-taker for Easterns in the 2018–19 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge, with 22 dismissals in nine matches. In September 2019, he was named in Easterns' squad for the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup. In April 2021, he was named in Boland's squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa.

Boland cricket team
The Boland cricket team is a first-class cricket team that nominally represents the Boland region, in the South African province of Western Cape, in the CSA Provincial Competitions. The team is selected and supported by the Boland Cricket Board (BCB) and plays its home games at Boland Park in Paarl. At organisational level, the BCB is responsible for the administration and development of cricket in the region and among its primary functions are management and promotion of the Boland team. The current BCB was founded in 1992 as a merger between the Boland Cricket Union and an earlier Boland Cricket Board.
D2 motorway (Slovakia)
The D2 is a motorway (Slovak: Diaľnica D2) in Slovakia. It connects the Czech border at Kúty with the Hungarian border at Čunovo, passing through (ordered north to south) Malacky, Bratislava and Jarovce.

It is part of the European routes E65 and E75 and of the Pan-European Corridor IV. The construction of the 80-kilometre-long (50 mi) highway started in 1969 and concluded in 2007. It is the only complete highway in Slovakia.

Čunovo
Čunovo (Croatian: Čunovo, Hungarian: Dunacsún, Duna-Csún, German: Sandorf) is a small part of Bratislava, Slovakia, in the southern area near the Hungarian border. It is located close to the Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros Dams.
Drangedal IL
Drangedal Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Drangedal, Telemark. It has sections for association football, team handball, Nordic skiing and gymnastics.

It was founded under the name Drang in 1907. In 1945 it changed its name as it incorporated the workers' sports club Drangedal AIL. In 1953 it lacked a sections for gymnastics, but had a section for track and field.

The men's football team played in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football from 1994 to 1995 and 2002 to 2004. The men's team now plays in the Fifth Division and the women's team in the Third Division. Kjell Roar Kaasa has played for the club.

1995 Norwegian Third Division
The 1995 season of the 3. divisjon was the fourth-highest association football league for men in Norway.

Between 22 and 24 games (depending on the group size) were played in 19 groups, with 3 points awarded for a win and 1 point for a draw. All group winners were promoted to the 2. divisjon, along with some of the best runners-up.
GRS Riflestocks
GRS Riflestocks is a Norwegian manufacturer of firearm stocks known for their ergonomically shaped rifle stocks. The headquarter and production facilities lie near Grodås in Volda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.

The company originally manufactured furniture since the 1980s, and established itself as a rifle stock manufacturer in 2011 after the 2008 financial crisis. In 2015, GRS Riflestocks was awarded as the company of the year by Innovation Norway.

Grodås
Grodås is a village in Volda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located along the river Horndøla on the eastern end of the lake Hornindalsvatnet, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) southwest of the mountain Hornindalsrokken. The village sits at the eastern end of the Kviven Tunnel, part of the new route for the European route E39 highway.

The 0.66-square-kilometre (160-acre) village has a population (2024) of 503 and a population density of 762 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,970/sq mi).

The village area is a tourist destination, with the natural environment, mountains, and lake acting as a tourist attraction. It is also home to the Anders Svor Museum. Hornindal Church is located in the village. The industries located in the Grodås area include wood and furniture making as well as vacation home construction.
Arbos – Company for Music and Theatre
ARBOS – Company for Music and Theatre in Vienna, Salzburg and Klagenfurt, is a society specialized in the realisation of new forms of theatre especially of projects for contemporary new music theatre, scenic concerts, theatre for young people, theatre concerts, deaf theatre, directed space, theatrical exhibitions and other forms of the arts (crossover projects).

Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (/ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/; German: [ˌklaːɡn̩fʊʁt ʔam ˈvœʁtɐzeː] ⓘ; Slovene: Celovec; Austro-Bavarian: Klognfuat; Carinthian Slovene: Clouvc), usually known as simply Klagenfurt (English: /ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/ KLAH-gən-foort), is the capital and largest city of the Austrian state of Carinthia, as well as of the historical region of Carinthia (including Slovenian Carinthia).

With a population of 105,759 (1 January 2026), it is the sixth-largest city in Austria after Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt, the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler Private University for Music. Klagenfurt is considered the cultural centre of the Carinthian Slovenes (Slovene: koroški Slovenci; German: Kärntner Slowenen), one of Austria's indigenous minorities.
Fridericus Rex
Fridericus Rex (German: Fridericus Rex - 1. Teil: Sturm und Drang) is a 1922 German silent historical film directed by Arzén von Cserépy and starring Otto Gebühr, Albert Steinrück and Gertrud de Lalsky.

It portrays the life of the eighteenth century monarch Frederick the Great. Immensely popular, it was followed by three sequels and launched the Prussian film as a major German genre during the Weimar era.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Dreier and Ernö Metzner. The film was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. Location filming took place at the Charlottenburg Palace and other sites around historic Brandenburg.

Schloss Charlottenburg
Schloss Charlottenburg (Charlottenburg Palace) is a Baroque palace in Berlin, located in Charlottenburg, a district of the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough, and is among the largest palaces in the world.

The palace was built at the end of the 17th century and was greatly expanded during the 18th century, primarily for Frederick the Great. It includes much lavish internal decoration in Baroque and Rococo styles. A large formal garden surrounded by woodland was added behind the palace, including a belvedere, a mausoleum, a theatre and a pavilion. During the Second World War, the palace was badly damaged but has since been reconstructed. The palace with its gardens is a major tourist attraction.
University of Burdwan
The University of Burdwan (also known as Burdwan University or B. U.) is a public state university located in Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. It was established by the West Bengal Government as a teaching and affiliating university on 15 June 1960 with six postgraduate departments and 30 undergraduate colleges spread over three districts that come under the jurisdiction of the university. The university currently offers more than 30 undergraduate and 66 postgraduate courses. It has grown as the second largest state university in West Bengal after University of Calcutta. Over the years, the University has consistently performed in the NIRF ranking by securing rank within top 100 under ‘University’ Category and occupied the rank of 89, 92, 85 and 87 in the years 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 respectively.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
VM Houses
VM Houses is a housing project consisting of two adjacent apartment buildings in  Ørestad, Copenhagen, Denmark. Designed by JDS Architects and Bjarke Ingels Group, the M House with 95 units was completed in 2004 and the V House with 114 units, in 2005.

Ørsted (company)
Ørsted A/S (formerly DONG Energy) is a Danish multinational energy company. Headquartered in Fredericia, Denmark, Ørsted is the largest energy company in Denmark. The company adopted its current name on 6 November 2017. It was previously known as DONG.

As of January 2022, the company is the world's largest developer of offshore wind power by number of built offshore wind farms. Ørsted developed approximately 30% of the global offshore wind power installed capacity, excluding mainland China. 
Globally, Ørsted produces 90% of its energy from renewable sources, and has an objective of exceeding 95% by 2023 and 99% by 2025. 
The company has a goal of net zero generation by 2025 and no carbon emissions by 2040.

In 2025, Ørsted A/S broke into the top 10 in the Corporate Knights Global 100, coming in ninth in the annual ranking of the world's most sustainable corporations.
Henry A. Waterman
Henry Arthur Waterman (June 7, 1872 – October 25, 1955) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Yarmouth in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1938 to 1949. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Waterman was born in 1872 at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. He was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and was a mechanical engineer. He married Coral Davis in 1919, and retired to Yarmouth.

Waterman served as mayor of Yarmouth from 1928 to 1929. Waterman entered provincial politics in 1938, winning a byelection for the Yarmouth riding by acclamation. He was re-elected in the 1941 and 1945 elections. He did not reoffer in the 1949 election. Waterman died at Yarmouth on October 25, 1955.

Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
Yarmouth is a port town in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada at the entrance to the Gulf of Maine—making it a significant coastal town for maritime activity.  Yarmouth is the shire town of Yarmouth County and is the largest population centre in the region.
Ulm (electoral district)
Ulm is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 291. It is located in eastern Baden-Württemberg, comprising the city of Ulm and the district of Alb-Donau-Kreis.

Ulm was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2017, it has been represented by Ronja Kemmer of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Ronja Kemmer
Ronja Kemmer (née Schmitt, born 3 May 1989) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-Württemberg since 2014.