hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Huddle
David Ross Huddle (July 11, 1942 - October 7, 2025) was an American writer and professor. His poems, essays, and short stories have appeared in The New Yorker, Esquire, Harper's Magazine, The New York Times Magazine, Story, The Autumn House Anthology of Poetry, and The Best American Short Stories. His work has also been included in anthologies of writing about the Vietnam War. He was the recipient of two National Endowment for the Arts fellowships and taught creative fiction, poetry, and autobiography at the University of Vermont and at the Bread Loaf School of English at Middlebury College. Huddle was born in Ivanhoe, Wythe County, Virginia, and he was sometimes considered an Appalachian writer. He served as an enlisted man in the U.S. Army from 1964 to 1967, in Germany as a paratrooper and then in Vietnam as a military intelligence specialist. He died in 2025.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Groep fan Auwerk
Groep fan Auwerk ("Group of Aurich") is a political activism organization that advocates for an independent Frisian state (Frisia). The group is active in politics and promotes a stronger Frisian identity.

Aurich
Aurich (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊʁɪç] ⓘ; East Frisian Low Saxon: Auerk; Saterland Frisian: Aurk [ˈau̯ɐk]) is a town in the East Frisian region of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich and is the second largest City in East Frisia, both in population, after Emden, and in area, after Wittmund.
Amir Mann
Amir Mann (Hebrew: אמיר מן) is an Israeli film-maker. Mann attended the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. He met his future wife Dana Janklowicz-Mann while at NYU. Together they formed Rebel Child Productions, an independent film production company and became filmmaking partners.

Mann co-directed, produced, and edited the 2002 documentary film Shanghai Ghetto with his wife, Dana Janklowicz-Mann. They shared the Audience Choice Award and the Human Rights Award at the 2002 Santa Barbara International Film Festival. Mann also co-wrote an episode of the 2002 revival of The Twilight Zone television series.

As head writer on the Netflix series Fauda, he and his writing team won the 2017 Israeli Television Academy's award for Best Script in a Drama Series.

The Twilight Zone (2002 TV series)
The Twilight Zone is a science fiction horror anthology television series presented by Forest Whitaker. It is the second of three revivals of Rod Serling's original 1959–64 television series. It aired for one season on the UPN network, with actor Forest Whitaker assuming Serling's role as narrator and on-screen host. It was a co-production between Spirit Dance Entertainment, Trilogy Entertainment Group, Joshmax Productions Services, and New Line Television. It premiered on September 18, 2002, and aired its final episode on May 21, 2003.
Aaron Samuel ben Moses Shalom of Kremenets
Aaron Samuel ben Moses Shalom of Kremenets (אהרן שמואל ב"מ משה שלום) was a rabbi from Kremenets who died 1616. He was a student of rabbi Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz and lived in the city of Eisenstadt (in the year 1611). It was documented by Rabbi Aharon Shmuel ben Moshe Shalom from Kremenitz himself that he also stayed in Fürth. He mentions that in 1606, he delivered a sermon for Shabbat Pinechas in the synagogue of Fürth (page 25b of Nishmat Adam). Or ha-Ḥayyim reports that he also taught in the German city of Fulda.

Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈaɪzn̩ʃtat] ⓘ; Austro-Bavarian: Eisnstod; Hungarian: Kismarton; Croatian: Željezni grad or Željezno; Slovene: Železno) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Burgenland. With a population of 15,074 (as of 2023), it is the smallest state capital and the 38th-largest city in Austria overall. It lies at the foot of the Leitha Mountains hill range.

From 1648 to 1921, Kismarton/Eisenstadt was part of the Habsburg Empire's Kingdom of Hungary and the seat of the Hungarian noble family Eszterházy. During this time, the composer Joseph Haydn lived and worked in Eisenstadt as a court musician under the patronage of the Esterházy family. After the cession of Burgenland to Austria in 1921, the city became the province's capital in 1925. As the state capital of Burgenland, it functions as a center of public administration and services and is the seat of three institutes of higher education.
Yugoslav training ship Galeb
Yugoslav Navy (JRM) training ship Galeb, also known as The Peace Ship Galeb (Brod Mira Galeb), is a museum ship permanently moored at Molo Longo, Rijeka, Croatia. The vessel was used as an official yacht by the late President of the Yugoslav Republic, Marshal Josip Broz Tito. The ship attained an iconic status among the peoples of Yugoslavia in this role, as well as among the many diverse nations and members of the Non-Aligned Movement. "Galeb" is Serbo-Croatian for "seagull".

Marshal
Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated offices, such as in military rank and civilian law enforcement.

In most countries, the rank of Marshal is the highest Army rank (equivalent to a five-star General of the Army in the United States).
Christopher Hills
Christopher Brian Hills (April 9, 1926 – January 31, 1997) was an English-born author, described as the "Father of Spirulina" for popularizing spirulina cyanobacteria as a food supplement. He also wrote 30 books on consciousness, meditation, yoga and spiritual evolution, divining, world government, aquaculture, and personal health.

Hills was described by the press as a "Natural Foods Pioneer". There is no robust evidence that spirulina supplements have any significant beneficial health effects, and Hill's companies were sued for making misleading claims about their effectiveness.

Natural food
Natural food and all-natural food are terms in food labeling and marketing with several definitions, generally denoting foods that are not manufactured by processing. In some countries like the United Kingdom, the term "natural" is defined and regulated; in others, such as the United States, the term natural is not enforced for food labels, although there is USDA regulation of organic labeling.

The term is assumed to describe foods having ingredients that are intrinsic to an unprocessed food.
Haughton Lennox
Haughton Lennox (February 28, 1850 – July 26, 1927) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Innisfil Township, Canada West, the son of William Lennox and Maria Haughton, Lennox was educated at the Public and Grammar Schools of Barrie. A lawyer, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the Ontario electoral district of Simcoe South in the general elections of 1900. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1904, 1908, and 1911.

1900 Canadian federal election
The 1900 Canadian federal election was held on November 7, 1900, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 9th Parliament of Canada. As a result of the election, the Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier, was re-elected to a second majority government, defeating the Conservative Party and Liberal-Conservatives led by Charles Tupper.
Scorzè
Scorzè is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Venice, in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Venice.

The country is bordered by Zero Branco, Trebaseleghe, Venezia, Noale and Salzano.

The municipality of Scorzè contains many hamlets which are: Rio San Martino, Peseggia, Cappella, and Gardigiano.

It is situated on an area inhabited since the Paleovenetian era, then colonized by the Romans. In the Middle Ages it was a feud of the bishops of Treviso, who had as vassals in the territory several families, in particular the Tempesta and the Scorzadis; then part of the Serenissima; since 1866, after the treaty of Vienna becomes a comune in the Kingdom of Italy, then Republic.

It is an important agricultural, handicraft, industrial center, and is home to numerous companies, both large and small, and a hub of a certain importance from the point of view of traffic and the national electricity distribution network.

Metropolitan City of Venice
The Metropolitan City of Venice (Italian: città metropolitana di Venezia) is a metropolitan city in the Veneto region of Italy, one of ten metropolitan cities in Italy. Its capital is the city of Venice. It replaced the province of Venice in 2015 and includes the city of Venice and 44 municipalities (comuni). It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by Law 56/2014.

The Metropolitan City of Venice is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 15 June 2015, as the new mayor of the capital city, Luigi Brugnaro is the first mayor of the metropolitan city.
Longworth Peak
Longworth Peak is a 2,091-metre (6,860 ft) mountain in the McGregor Range of the McGregor Plateau in Northern British Columbia.  It is the highest peak in the McGregor Range.

Located between the Fraser River and the Torpy River, the peak is rocky with no glaciers.

The peak rises above the unincorporated hamlet of Longworth, BC and is a popular hiking destination.  There is an abandoned fire lookout near the summit.

The British Columbia Ministry of Environment operates an automated snow weather station on the south west side of the mountain at an elevation of 1,740m installed in 2016.

Weather station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation amounts. Wind measurements are taken with as few other obstructions as possible, while temperature and humidity measurements are kept free from direct solar radiation, or insolation. Manual observations are taken at least once daily, while automated measurements are taken at least once an hour. Weather conditions out at sea are taken by ships and buoys, which measure slightly different meteorological quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), wave height, and wave period. Drifting weather buoys outnumber their moored versions by a significant amount.
Digital authoritarianism
Digital authoritarianism is the use of digital technologies by authoritarian regimes to monitor, control, and suppress political opposition and social dissent. This approach integrates surveillance systems, internet censorship, and internet manipulation to maintain political power and limit civil liberties.

Internet manipulation
Internet manipulation is the use of online digital technologies, including algorithms, social bots, and automated scripts, for commercial, social, military, or political purposes. Internet and social media manipulation are the prime vehicles for spreading disinformation due to the importance of digital platforms for media consumption and everyday communication. When employed for political purposes, internet manipulation may be used to steer public opinion, polarise citizens, circulate conspiracy theories, and silence political dissidents. Internet manipulation can also be done for profit, for instance, to harm corporate or political adversaries and improve brand reputation. Internet manipulation is sometimes also used to describe the selective enforcement of Internet censorship or selective violations of net neutrality.

Internet manipulation for propaganda purposes with the help of data analysis and internet bots in social media is called computational propaganda.
Eurymedon vase
The Eurymedon vase is an Attic red-figure oinochoe, a wine jug attributed to the circle of the Triptolemos Painter made ca. 460 BC, which is now in the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg (1981.173) in Hamburg, Germany. It depicts two figures; a bearded man (side A), naked except for a mantle, holding his erection in his right hand and reaching forward with his left, while the second figure (side B) in the traditional dress of an Oriental archer bends forward at the hips and twists his upper body to face the viewer while holding his hands open-palmed up before him, level with his head. Between these figures is an inscription that reads εύρυμέδον ειμ[í] κυβα[---] έστεκα, restored by Schauenburg as "I am Eurymedon, I stand bent forward". This vase is a frequently cited source suggestive of popular Greek attitudes during the Classical period to same-sex relations, gender roles, and Greco-Persian relations.

Triptolemos Painter
The Triptolemos Painter was an ancient Greek vase painter, belonging to the Attic red-figure style. He was active in Athens between 490 and 470 BC. His real name is not known. He started working in the workshop of Euphronios, where he was probably taught by Douris. Later, he also worked for the potters Brygos, Hieron and Python. Initially, his style was strongly influenced by Archaic art. His later works are mediocre in quality. Nonetheless, his repertoire is broad, reaching from the Apaturia procession via erotic scenes and Theban scenes to the departure of Triptolemos (his name vase).
Peter Josef von Lindpaintner
Peter Josef von Lindpaintner (8 December 1791 – 21 August 1856) was a German composer and conductor.

Born in Koblenz as the son of a tenor, he studied with Peter Winter and Joseph Graetz. From 1819 onwards he was based in Stuttgart. Some of his early operas were Singspiele, but under the influence of Carl Maria von Weber his interest shifted to Romantic opera.

He died in Nonnenhorn, Bavaria, on Lake Constance.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Harper Point
Harper Point (57°45′S 26°29′W﻿ / ﻿57.750°S 26.483°W﻿ / -57.750; -26.483) is a point just north of Blackstone Plain forming the north end of Saunders Island in the South Sandwich Islands. It was charted in 1930 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II and named for F.H. Harper, Secretary to the Discovery Committee.

RRS Discovery II
RRS Discovery II was a British Royal Research Ship which, during her operational lifetime of about 30 years, carried out considerable hydrographical and marine biological survey work in Antarctic waters and the Southern Ocean in the course of the Discovery Investigations research program.  Built in Port Glasgow, launched in 1928 and completed in 1929, she was the first purpose-built oceanographic research vessel and was named after Robert Falcon Scott's 1901 ship, RRS Discovery.
Petersdorf, Styria
Petersdorf (also known as Petersdorf II) was a municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Sankt Marein bei Graz, in the Graz-Umgebung District.

Graz-Umgebung District
Bezirk Graz-Umgebung (German: [ɡʁaːt͡s umˈɡeːbuŋ], lit. Graz Surroundings) is a district of the state of Styria in Austria. It forms a continuous ring around Graz, the capital city of Styria and also the seat of the district commission.

Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it consists of the following municipalities:
Polish Helmet pigeon
The Polish Helmet or Polish Krymka Tumbler (Polish: krymka polska) is a breed of fancy pigeon, specifically a type of Helmet pigeon, that has been developed over many years of selective breeding. It is distinctive on account of its "Muffs" (large foot feathers), and is colored only on the top half of its head (the "helmet") and on its tail. It is thought to be related to the European and American pigeons, though it remains unknown as to what came first or how they spread and adapted all over the world.

Fancy pigeon
Fancy pigeon refers to any breed of domestic pigeon, which is a domesticated form of the wild rock dove (Columba livia). They are bred by pigeon fanciers for various traits relating to size, shape, color, and behavior, and often exhibited at pigeon shows, fairs and other livestock exhibits.

There are about 800 pigeon breeds; considering all regional varieties all over the world there may be 1100 breeds. The European list of fancy pigeons alone names about 500 breeds. No other domestic animal has branched out into such a variety of forms and colours.

Charles Darwin is known to have crossbred fancy pigeons, particularly the ice pigeon, to study variation within species, this work coming three years before his publication, On the Origin of Species.
Heysi Villarreal
Heysi Villarreal (born 26 August 1986 in Havana, Cuba) is an Olympic and national record holding swimmer from Cuba. She was Cuba's only female swimmer at the 2008 Olympics.

She also represented Cuba at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships.

In March 2008, she lowered the Cuban records in the 200 and 800 frees to 2:03.56 and 9:07.50. She lowered the 200 free time again at the 2008 Olympics (2:03.23).

In April 2008, she was the top athlete at the IV Cuban Sport Olympiad, winning 8 events and finishing second in 2 others.

At the 2008 Caribbean Island Swimming Championships, in the 18-year-old and older age group, she finished: first in the 200, 400 and 800 frees; second in the 100 free, 100 fly and 200 Individual Medley; and third in the 50 free and 50 back.

Cuba at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Cuba competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. As of 8 August 2008, 165 Cuban athletes had qualified to compete in 16 sports. The country's flagbearer at the opening ceremony was wrestler Mijaín López.
Fateh Benferdjallah
Fateh Benferdjallah (born 15 April 2001) is an Algerian freestyle wrestler. He represented Algeria at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco and he won the silver medal in the men's freestyle 86 kg event. In the final, he lost against Ayoub Barraj of Tunisia.

Algeria at the 2019 African Games
Algeria competed at the 2019 African Games held from 19 to 31 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco. On 17 August, judo events began two days before the opening ceremony on the first day, Algeria achieved 9 medals, including two gold medals by Wail Ezzine in weight 66 kg and Faïza Aissahine in weight 52 kg. On the second and last day were content with only two medals silver and bronze.
Mathias Svalina
Mathias Svalina (born June 24, 1975), is an American poet. He has won fellowships and awards from The Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference, The Iowa Review, and New Michigan Press. His poems have been published in journals such as American Letters & Commentary, The Boston Review, Gulf Coast, and jubilat. He operates a Dream Delivery Service and also co-edits Octopus Magazine and Octopus Books with Zachary Schomburg. He is a native of Chicago, Illinois.

The Iowa Review
The Iowa Review is an American literary magazine published by the University of Iowa that features fiction, poetry, nonfiction, and literary criticism. Founded in 1970, the magazine has showcased work by both emerging and established writers, and has tri-annual issues, editorial contests, and connections to the university's writing programs.
Pan RNA motif
The  pan RNA motif defines a conserved RNA structure that was identified using bioinformatics. pan motif RNAs are present in three phyla: Chloroflexota, Bacillota, and Pseudomonadota, although within the latter phylum they are only known in deltaproteobacteria.  A pan RNA is present in the Firmicute Bacillus subtilis, which is one of the most extensively studied bacteria.

pan RNAs appear to be located in the 5' untranslated regions of genes that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of the vitamine pantothenate.  Thus it was proposed that the pan RNA motif represents a cis-regulatory element acting at the RNA level to regulate pantothenate synthesis.  The primary structural feature of pan RNAs is that they have one or two stem-loops that have two bulged adenosines.  Their relatively simple structure and lack of numerous conserved nucleotides is less typical of a riboswitch, and they were proposed to bind a protein.

Myxococcota
The Myxococcota are a phylum of bacteria known as the fruiting gliding bacteria. All species of this group are Gram-negative. They are predominantly aerobic genera that release myxospores in unfavorable environments.
Simha Swapna
Simha Swapna (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1968 Indian Kannada-language swashbuckler film directed by W. R. Subba Rao and produced by S. Bhavanarayan. The film stars Rajkumar, Udaykumar, Narasimharaju and Dikki Madhavarao. The film has musical score by G. K. Venkatesh. This is the only film in which Rajkumar lip-synced to the voices of T. M. Soundararajan and Pithapuram Nageswara Rao.

Swashbuckler film
A swashbuckler film is characterised by swordfighting and adventurous heroic characters, known as swashbucklers. While morality is typically clear-cut, heroes and villains alike often, but not always, follow a code of honor. Some swashbuckler films have romantic elements, most frequently a damsel in distress. Both real and fictional historical events often feature prominently in the plot.
Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa
The Asociación de Profesores y Monitores en Llingua Llïonesa or APMLL (Leonese Language Teachers and Monitor Association) is a Leonese language association where are integrated the teachers and monitors that teach this language. It was founded in 2007 in Leon, Castile and Leon, Spain, and has members from the provinces of Llión, Zamora and Salamanca.

Province of Zamora
The Province of Zamora (Spanish: Provincia de Zamora, Spanish pronunciation: [θaˈmoɾa]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Ourense, León, Valladolid, and Salamanca, and by Portugal.

The present-day province of Zamora was one of three provinces formed from the former Kingdom of León in 1833, when Spain was reorganized into 49 provinces. Of the 166,253 people in the province, nearly a third live in the capital, Zamora. The province has 248 municipalities.