hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Closed convex function
In mathematics, a function  is said to be closed if for each , the sublevel set

is a closed set.

Equivalently, if the epigraph defined by

is closed, then the function  is closed.

This definition is valid for any function, but most used for convex functions.  A proper convex function is closed if and only if it is lower semi-continuous.

Closed set
In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a closed set is a set whose complement is an open set. In a topological space, a closed set can be defined as a set which contains all its limit points. In a complete metric space, a closed set is a set which is closed under the limit operation. This should not be confused with closed manifold.

Sets that are both open and closed are called clopen sets.
Lacuna Coil discography
The discography of Italian gothic metal band Lacuna Coil consists of nine studio albums, two extended plays, two live albums, two compilation albums, one video album, sixteen singles and sixteen music videos.

Lacuna Coil
Lacuna Coil is an Italian gothic metal band from Milan. Since their formation in 1994, the group has had two name changes, being previously known as Sleep of Right and Ethereal, and they have recorded ten studio albums, two extended plays, two live albums, two compilation albums, one video album, and sixteen singles and music videos.

They have toured internationally and were nominated in 2006 for a MTV Europe Music Award. They won the 2012 Metal Female Voices Fest Award for the Best Album, the 2016 Metal Hammer Award for the Best International Band, and the 2018 Metal Hammer Golden Gods Award for Best Live Act. The band's 2012 release, Dark Adrenaline, peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200. As of March 2012, Lacuna Coil have sold over two million albums worldwide.
Religion in Colombia
Religion in Colombia is dominated by various branches of Christianity and is an expression of the different influences in the Colombian culture including the Spanish, the Native Amerindian and the Afro-Colombian, among others.

Colombia is a secular country and the freedom of religion is enshrined in the nation's constitution. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for formally recognizing churches, religious denominations, religious federations and confederations, and associations of religious ministers.

Buga, Valle del Cauca
Buga (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbuɣa]), formally Guadalajara de Buga, is a city and municipality in the Valle del Cauca Department of Colombia.  It is famous for its Basilica del Señor de los Milagros, which houses an image of Christ called el Señor de los Milagros ("the Lord of the Miracles").

Buga is a city with a cattle industry. It is located 46 mi (74 km) from Cali.
Ards East (District Electoral Area)
Ards East was one of the four district electoral areas in Ards, Northern Ireland which existed from 1993 to 2014. The district elected six members to Ards Borough Council and formed part of the North Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament, and part of the Strangford constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1993 local elections, and contained the wards of Donaghadee North, Donaghadee South, Gregstown, Loughries, Millisle and Movilla. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and replaced by the Bangor East and Donaghadee DEA and Newtownards DEA.

North Down (Assembly constituency)
North Down is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973. It usually shares boundaries with the North Down UK Parliament constituency, however the boundaries of the two constituencies were slightly different from 1983 to 1986 as the Assembly boundaries had not caught up with Parliamentary boundary changes and from 1996 to 1997 when members of the Northern Ireland Forum had been elected from the newly drawn Parliamentary constituencies but the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected in 1992 under the 1983–95 constituency boundaries, was still in session.

Members were then elected from the constituency to the 1975 Constitutional Convention, the 1982 Assembly, the 1996 Forum and then to the current Assembly from 1998.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see North Down (UK Parliament constituency).
Plasma gasification commercialization
Plasma gasification is in commercial use as a waste-to-energy system that converts municipal solid waste, tires, hazardous waste, and sewage sludge into synthesis gas (syngas) containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide that can be used to generate power. Municipal-scale waste disposal plasma arc facilities have been in operation in Japan and China since 2002. No commercial implementations in Europe and North America have succeeded so far. The technology is characterized by the potential of very high level of destruction of the incoming waste, but low or negative net energy production and high operational costs.

Plasma gasification is used commercially for waste disposal at five locations worldwide, representing a design capacity of 200 tonnes of waste per day in total, of which 100 tonnes per day is biomass waste.

Syngas
Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios.  The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane.   It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol. Syngas is combustible and can be used as a fuel. Historically, it has been used as a replacement for gasoline when gasoline supply has been limited; for example, wood gas was used to power cars in Europe during WWII (in Germany alone, half a million cars were built or rebuilt to run on wood gas).
ASHRAE
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE /ˈæʃreɪ/ ASH-ray) is an American professional association seeking to advance heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems design and construction. ASHRAE has over 50,000 members in more than 130 countries worldwide.

ASHRAE's members comprise building services engineers, architects, mechanical contractors, building owners, equipment manufacturers' employees, and others concerned with the design and construction of HVAC&R systems in buildings. The society funds research projects, offers continuing education programs, and develops and publishes technical standards to improve building services engineering, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and sustainable development.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Tetrafluoroammonium
The tetrafluoroammonium cation (also known as perfluoroammonium) is a positively charged polyatomic ion with chemical formula NF+4. It is equivalent to the ammonium ion where the hydrogen atoms surrounding the central nitrogen atom have been replaced by fluorine. Tetrafluoroammonium ion is isoelectronic with tetrafluoromethane CF4, trifluoramine oxide ONF3, tetrafluoroborate BF−4 anion and the tetrafluoroberyllate BeF2−4 anion.

The tetrafluoroammonium ion forms salts with a large variety of fluorine-bearing anions. These include the bifluoride anion (HF−2), tetrafluorobromate (BrF−4), metal pentafluorides (MF−5 where M is Ge, Sn, or Ti), hexafluorides (MF−6 where M is P, As, Sb, Bi, or Pt), heptafluorides (MF−7 where M is W, U, or Xe), octafluorides (XeF2−8), various oxyfluorides (MF5O− where M is W or U; FSO−3, BrF4O−), and perchlorate (ClO−4). Attempts to make the nitrate salt, NF4NO3, were unsuccessful because of quick fluorination: NF+4 + NO−3 → NF3 + FONO2.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
For the Love of Ray J (album)
For the Love of Ray J is the soundtrack album from American R&B singer-songwriter Ray J's same-titled reality show. It was released on March 24, 2009, by Knockout Entertainment and E1 Music.  The track "Keep It Playa" also appears on Boss Hogg Outlawz's second album, Back by Blockular Demand: Serve & Collect II and "She's Freaky" also appears on Unk's second album, 2econd Season. The first official single, and music video "Sexy Ladies" was released in April 2009.

MNRK Music Group
MNRK Music Group (pronounced "monarch"), formerly known as Koch Records and Entertainment One (eOne) Music, is an American independent record label and music management company based in New York City. It was formed in 1987 as a music division of Koch Entertainment, which was acquired by and absorbed into Entertainment One (or eOne for short) in 2004. eOne was acquired by toy and multimedia company Hasbro in 2019, absorbed its family brands division in the process and announced the sale of this division to the Blackstone Group in April 2021, which then adopted this name. Hasbro then sold the remains of eOne to Lionsgate, who then rebranded it initially as eOne Canada and then Lionsgate Canada.

MNRK owns the libraries of Artemis Records, Dualtone Records, Last Gang Records and Prosthetic Records.
Frederick Smith (Australian politician)
Frederick Charles Lee Smith (11 November 1883 – 25 August 1960) was an Australian trade unionist, journalist, and politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1932 to 1950, representing the seat of Brown Hill-Ivanhoe. He served as a minister in the government of John Willcock.

Attorney-General of Western Australia
The Attorney-General of Western Australia is the member of the Government of Western Australia responsible for maintenance and improvement of Western Australia's system of law and justice.  Before the advent of representative government in 1870, the title was Advocate-General of Western Australia.  The Attorney-General must be a qualified legal practitioner. When there are none in the cabinet, a lay person is sometimes appointed to the office of Minister for Justice.

The current Attorney-General of Western Australia, since 19 March 2025, is Tony Buti who administers the portfolio through the Department of Justice and a range of other agencies.
Pannagam thodu
The Pannagam thodu is a river in the state of Kerala in southern India, forming near Madapattu and flowing north for 30 kilometers before joining the Meenachil River close to Punnathara.

Several streams from small hills in the towns of Pampady, Pallickathode, and Kooropada combine near the 14th Mile Church along the Kottayam–Kumily Road to form the Pannagam Thodu, which grows as it flows north through the towns of Madapattu, Mattakkara, Akalakunnam, Arumanoor, and Ayarkunnam.

Pannagam means snake, as the river flows like a curled snake through the many surrounding hills.

Ayarkunnam
Ayarkunnam is a town located between the cities of Pala and Kottayam. It is administered by the Ayarkunnam Grama Panchayat and there are 20 grama panchayat wards in Ayarkunnam.

According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Ayarkunnam village is 628159. Ayarkunnam village is located in Kottayam Tehsil of Kottayam district in Kerala, India. It is situated 15 km away from Kottayam, which is both district and sub-district headquarter of Ayarkunnam village. As per 2009 stats, Ayarkunnam is the gram panchayat of Ayarkunnam village.

The total geographical area of village is 2513 hectares. Ayarkunnam has a total population of 28,718 peoples. There are about 7,063 houses in Ayarkunnam village. Ettumanoor is the nearest municipality to Ayarkunnam.Kottayam and Pala are about 15 km from Ayarkunnam.
George Archibald (politician)
George Archibald is a Canadian politician. He represented the constituency of Kings North in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1984 to 1999. He sat as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

Archibald was first elected in 1984, was re-elected in 1988, 1993 and 1998. He did not re-offer in 1999.

Archibald served in the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Transportation, and Minister of Agriculture.

1984 Nova Scotia general election
The 1984 Nova Scotia general election was held on November 6, 1984, to elect members of the 54th House of Assembly of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Progressive Conservative party.
Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi
Throughout human history, fungi have been utilized as a source of food and harnessed to ferment and preserve foods and beverages. In the 20th century, humans have learned to harness fungi to protect human health (antibiotics, anti-cholesterol statins, and immunosuppressive agents), while industry has utilized fungi for large scale production of enzymes, acids, and biosurfactants. With the advent of modern nanotechnology in the 1980s, fungi have remained important by providing a greener alternative to chemically synthesized nanoparticle.

Biosurfactant
Biosurfactant usually refers to surfactants of microbial origin. Most of the biosurfactants produced by microbes are synthesized extracellularly and many microbes are known to produce biosurfactants in large relative quantities. Some are of commercial interest. As a secondary metabolite of microorganisms, biosurfactants can be processed by the cultivation of biosurfactant producing microorganisms in the stationary phase on many sorts of low-priced substrates like biochar, plant oils, carbohydrates, wastes, etc. High-level production of biosurfactants can be controlled by regulation of environmental factors and growth circumstances.
Adelina von Fürstenberg
Countess Adelina von Fürstenberg-Herdringen (née Cüberyan) is a Swiss curator specialized in contemporary art. Von Fürstenberg was one of the first curators to show an interest in non-European artists, thus opening the way for a multicultural approach in art. She also took a more global and flexible approach to contemporary art exhibitions, in bringing art into spaces such as monasteries, madrasas, large public buildings, squares, islands, and parks. Her objective is to give a larger context for visual art in making it a more vigorous part of our lives, in creating a more vivid dialogue for it with other arts, and relating it more to worldwide social issues.

Robert Wilson (director)
Robert Wilson (October 4, 1941 – July 31, 2025) was an American director and playwright of experimental theater. He also worked as a choreographer, performer, painter, sculptor, video artist, and sound and lighting designer. He is best known for his collaboration with Philip Glass and Lucinda Childs on Einstein on the Beach, and his frequent collaborations with Tom Waits. In 1991, Wilson established The Watermill Center, "a laboratory for performance" on the East End of Long Island, New York, regularly working with opera and theater companies, as well as cultural festivals.
Resurrection Tomb Mystery
The Resurrection Tomb Mystery is a television documentary program produced and first broadcast on the Discovery Channel and Vision TV in Canada on Thursday, April 12 at 10pm e/p during Easter week 2012. The documentary was executive produced by Simcha Jacobovici, Ric Esther Bienstock and Felix Golubev of Associated Producers, Ltd.

The documentary was preceded by a companion book authored by James Tabor, Professor and Chair of the Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte, and Jacobovici entitled, The Jesus Discovery. The documentary and book claimed to have revealed the earliest evidence of resurrection of Jesus ever discovered.

James Tabor
James Daniel Tabor (born 1946) is an American Biblical scholar and retired Professor of Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, where he taught from 1989 until 2022 and was chair from 2004 to 2014. He previously held positions at Ambassador College (1968–70 while a student at Pepperdine University), the University of Notre Dame (1979–85), and the College of William and Mary (1985–89). Tabor is the founder and director of the Original Bible Project, a non-profit organization aimed to produce a re-ordered new translation of the Bible in English.
A Watcher in the Woods
A Watcher in the Woods is a 1976 mystery novel by Florence Engel Randall that was published by Atheneum Books.

It was re-released by Scholastic Book Services in 1980 with a new title, The Watcher in the Woods (ISBN 0-590-31334-7) to tie-in with Walt Disney Studios' film adaptation with this new, slightly altered name.

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor within the Disney Entertainment division of the Walt Disney Company. It handles theatrical and occasional digital distribution, marketing, and promotion for films produced and released by the Walt Disney Studios, including Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures, though the latter unit operates its own autonomous theatrical distribution and marketing unit in the United States.

The company was originally established by Walt Disney in 1953 as Buena Vista Film Distribution Company Inc. (later renamed Buena Vista Distribution Inc. and Buena Vista Pictures Distribution Inc.). It took on its current name in late 2007.
Lady at Midnight
Lady at Midnight is a 1948 American mystery film directed by Sam Newfield and starring Richard Denning, Frances Rafferty, and Claudia Drake.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Edward C. Jewell. It was shot at the Universal Studios.

Sam Newfield
Sam Newfield (born Samuel Neufeld; December 6, 1899 – November 10, 1964), also known as Sherman Scott or Peter Stewart, was an American film director. He directed over 250 feature films from the silent era until 1958. He also directed one- and two-reel comedy shorts, training films, industrial films and TV episodes. He would sometimes direct more than 20 films in a single year—he has been called the most prolific director of the sound era.

Many of Newfield's films were made for PRC Pictures, a film production company headed by his brother Sigmund Neufeld. The films PRC produced were low-budget productions, the majority being westerns, with occasional horror films or crime drama.
HMAS Waterhen (naval base)
HMAS Waterhen is a Royal Australian Navy (RAN) base located in Waverton on Sydney's lower north shore, within Sydney Harbour, in New South Wales, Australia. Constructed on the site of a quarry used to expand Garden Island in the 1930s, the location was used during World War II as a boom net maintenance and storage area. In 1962, the area was commissioned as a base of the RAN, and became home to the RAN's mine warfare forces. Waterhen was the first small-ship base established by the RAN, and from 1969 to 1979 was also responsible for the RAN's patrol boat forces.

North Shore (Sydney)
The North Shore is a region within Northern Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia, generally referring to suburbs located on the northern side of Sydney Harbour up to Hornsby, and suburbs between Middle Harbour and the Lane Cove River. The term "North Shore", used to describe this region of Sydney is customary, not legal or administrative, and is often subjective.

Due to the area's greenery and manicured lawns, it has earned the nickname the 'Leafy North Shore'.
Waxcap grassland
Waxcap grassland is a type of short-sward, nutrient-poor grassland that supports a diverse range of larger fungi, particularly waxcaps (species of Hygrocybe and related genera), which are characteristic of such habitats.  Waxcap grasslands are principally found in Europe, where they are declining due to agricultural practices. Consequently, the fungal species are of conservation concern, and efforts have been made in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to protect both the grasslands and their characteristic fungi. Thirty European species of waxcap grassland fungi are currently assessed as globally "vulnerable" or "endangered" on the IUCN Red List of threatened species.

Pseudotricholoma
Pseudotricholoma is a genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus contains three species known from North America. Europe, and the Azores. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) resemble those of the genus Tricholoma, with a dry fibrillose pileus and white to brown lamellae that have adnate to emarginate attachment and stain reddish when damaged, eventually turning black. Microscopically, the basidiospores are smooth, ellipsoid to ellipsoid-oblong, thin-walled and amyloid.   Cheilocystidia are rare to absent and pleurocystidia are absent.  The pileipellis is a cutis and clamp connections are present.  Species in Pseudotricholoma are found on soil in grasslands and woods. They are probably biotrophic, and may be ectomycorrhizal.
Ontario station (Amtrak)
Ontario station is an Amtrak train station in Ontario, California, located on the Union Pacific Railroad Alhambra Subdivision. It is served by the thrice-weekly Sunset Limited/Texas Eagle. The station has a covered, open-air pavilion built by the city in 1991.

Of the 73 California stations served by Amtrak, Ontario was the 70th-busiest in fiscal year 2019, boarding or detraining an average of approximately 11 passengers daily (though the station does not receive daily service).

The Omnitrans Route 61 bus operates daily between this station and Pomona–Downtown station, Ontario International Airport, and Fontana station.

The Amtrak Thruway #19 stops here twice daily, providing service between San Bernardino and Bakersfield, and points in between.

Texas Eagle
The Texas Eagle is a long-distance passenger train operated daily by Amtrak on a 1,306-mile (2,102 km) route between Chicago, Illinois, and San Antonio, Texas, with major stops in St. Louis, Little Rock, Dallas, Fort Worth, and Austin. Three days per week, the train joins the Sunset Limited in San Antonio and continues to Los Angeles via El Paso and Tucson. The combined 2,728-mile (4,390 km) route is the longest in the United States and the second-longest in the Americas, after the Canadian.

Prior to 1988, the train was known simply as the Eagle.
Von Otter
von Otter is a Swedish noble family. People with that name include:

Anne Sofie von Otter (born 1955), Swedish opera singer

Birgitta von Otter (born 1939), Swedish writer and journalist

Fredrik von Otter (1833–1910), Swedish naval officer and prime minister

Göran von Otter (1907–1988), Swedish diplomat

Göran von Otter
Baron Göran Fredrik von Otter (4 August 1907 – 4 December 1988) was a Swedish diplomat and friherre, best known for his service in Berlin during World War II. Birgitta and Anne Sofie von Otter are von Otter's daughters; former Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik von Otter was his grandfather.