hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Executions of Cossacks in Lebedyn
From 1708 to 1709, executions of Cossacks in Lebedyn (Ukrainian: Катівня в Лебедині; Russian: Казни казаков в Лебедине) were carried out against Ukrainian Cossacks that were suspected of siding with Hetman Ivan Mazepa after his break with Tsar Peter I during the Great Northern War. Cossack officials summoned to the Council of Hlukhiv who did not report to it were arrested, tortured and executed for treason. The exact number of victims is not known, but the minutes of the historical accounts indicate at least 900.

Hetman
Hetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after  the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors.
Action No. 1
Action No. 1 is a 2002 Indian Telugu-language action film directed by Sagar starring Thriller Manju, who composed the film's stunts, Vani Viswanath and the duo Ram Lakshman.

The film features no songs and was released to mixed reviews but the action sequences were praised. The film had an average box office run.

Vani Viswanath
Vani Viswanath is an Indian actress who predominantly appeared in Malayalam and Telugu films. In 2000, Vani won the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actress for her performance in Susanna, directed by T. V. Chandran. She was termed as Mollywood's "Action Queen". In 2017, she joined in Telugu Desam Party in Andhra Pradesh.
Get It Together (album)
Get It Together is a studio album by American rock band The Supersuckers. It was released on November 25, 2008, by Mid-Fi Records on Compact Disc, vinyl record. Some copies were released with an additional DVD that included a live performance at the House of Blues in Anaheim, California, on September 19, 2007.

House of Blues
House of Blues is an American chain of live music concert halls and restaurants. It was founded by Isaac Tigrett, the co-founder of Hard Rock Cafe, and Dan Aykroyd, co-star of the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. The first location opened at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on November 26, 1992 (Thanksgiving Day). The chain has been a division of Live Nation Entertainment since July 2006, and there are 11 locations throughout the United States as of 2025.
Sir Richard Cotton
Sir Richard Cotton (in or before 1497 – 1556), was a courtier in the court of Henry VIII of England. He came from Shropshire and began his career as a lawyer before entering the king's service. His elder brother George Cotton was in charge of the household of the king's son Henry, Duke of Richmond at Sheriff Hutton Castle, and Richard served there as comptroller. The king granted him property in Bedhampton, Hampshire and Bourne, Lincolnshire.
He became privy councillor in May 1552. He was knight of the shire for Hampshire in 1553 and Cheshire in 1554.

Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset
Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (c. 15 June 1519 – 23 July 1536) was the son of Henry VIII of England and his mistress Elizabeth Blount, and the only child born out of wedlock whom Henry acknowledged. He was the younger half-brother of Mary I, as well as the older half-brother of Elizabeth I and Edward VI. Through his mother, he was the elder half-brother of Elizabeth, George, and Robert Tailboys. His surname means "son of the king" in Norman French.
Kincaid House (Speedwell, Tennessee)
The Kincaid House is a historic house in Speedwell, Tennessee, U.S.. It was built circa 1840 by John Kincaid II for his brother, William Harrison Kincaid. In 1880, it was acquired by the Bryant family, who sold it to Bill Russell in 1898. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 22, 1982.

Speedwell, Tennessee
Speedwell is an unincorporated community in Claiborne County, Tennessee.

Speedwell is an agricultural community that was first settled c. 1790. It is the site of Powell Valley Elementary School, a Claiborne County public school for kindergarten through grade 8, and a post office that is assigned zip code 37870.

Tennessee State Route 63 runs through Speedwell

it is nestled through the Cumberland Mountains which is located in Northeastern Tennessee
Pim Ligthart
Pim Ligthart (born 16 June 1988, in Hoorn) is a Dutch former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2007 and 2008, and also 2011 to 2020, for the KrolStonE Continental Team, Vacansoleil–DCM, Lotto–Soudal, Roompot–Nederlandse Loterij and Total Direct Énergie teams.

Team TotalEnergies
Team TotalEnergies (UCI team code: TEN) is a professional road bicycle racing team that competes as a UCI ProTeam in UCI Continental Circuits races and UCI World Tour races when invited as a wild card entry. In previous years, the team was known as Brioches La Boulangère, Bonjour, Bouygues Télécom, Bbox Bouygues Telecom, and Europcar. The 2015 season was the last under the sponsorship of Europcar. The team has been sponsored by Direct Énergie since 2016.
Robert Vans-Agnew
Robert Vans Agnew (4 March 1817 – 26 September 1893) was a Scottish Conservative Party politician.

At the 1868 general election he unsuccessfully contested the Wigtown Burghs.

Vans Agnew was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wigtownshire at a by-election in February 1873, filling the vacancy caused by Lord Garlies succeeding to the peerage as 10th Earl of Galloway . He was re-elected in 1874, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1880 general election.

Wigtown Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)
Wigtown Burghs, also known as Wigton Burghs and Wigtown District of Burghs, was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It was represented by one Member of Parliament (MP).
Daniel Georgievski
Daniel Georgievski (Macedonian: Даниел Георгиевски; born 17 February 1988) is a former professional footballer who last played as a full-back for Australian side Inter Lions. Born in Australia, he played for the North Macedonia national team.

Daniel is an ambassador for the charity organization, Boots for Balkans, which is a group that collects new and used football boots and donates them to underprivileged areas throughout the Balkans.

2014–15 A-League
The 2014–15 A-League was the 38th season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the 10th season of the A-League since its establishment in 2004. Brisbane Roar were both the defending A-League Premiers and Champions. The regular season commenced on 10 October 2014 and concluded on 26 April 2015. The 2015 Grand Final took place on 17 May 2015. The season was suspended from 9–24 January in order to avoid a clash with the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, which was hosted by Australia.

The 2015 Grand Final took place on 17 May 2015, with Melbourne Victory claiming their third Championship with a 3–0 win against Sydney FC.

The season marked the first year that the team formerly known as Melbourne Heart competed as Melbourne City after the club's renaming in June 2014.
Bathurst 250
The Bathurst 250 was an annual motor racing event, held for the Super2 Series at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. The race supported the Bathurst 1000 which the Supercars Championship (parent series) has run since 1963. The event, which was in later years part of the championship season, was a single-race event, held over an endurance distance of 250 kilometres (160 miles), and allowing for optional driver changes - a first for the series.

In 2020, the event was replaced by a multi-race sprint round, as had previously been run for the category between 2005 and 2013.

Brad Jones Racing
Brad Jones Racing is an Australian motor racing team owned by Brad Jones based in Albury. The team competes in the Supercars Championship and the Super2 Series. The team is the only rurally based Supercars team. The team's current drivers are Andre Heimgartner, Cameron Hill and Macauley Jones. The team races three Toyota GR Supras in the Supercars Championship and a pair of Holden ZB Commodores in the Super2 Series.
1991 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship
The 1991 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship was the third edition of the women's field hockey championship organised by the European Hockey Federation. It was held in Brussels, Belgium from May 1–10, 1991. England won the final against Germany, winning their first European title with the help of two goals from striker Jane Sixsmith.

Germany women's national field hockey team
The Germany women's national field hockey team has represented the unified Germany since 1991.

The team won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, by defeating the Netherlands in the final.
Jang Sung-ho (judoka)
Jang Sung-ho (born 12 January 1978) is a male South Korean judoka who won a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He also won a gold medal at the ‍–‍100 kg category of the 2006 Asian Games.

Jang was a flag bearer at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 kg
Men's 100 kg competition in judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 19 at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall.

This event was the second-heaviest of the men's judo weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 100 kilograms of body mass. Like all other judo events, bouts lasted five minutes. If the bout was still tied at the end, it was extended for another five-minute, sudden-death period; if neither judoka scored during that period, the match is decided by the judges. The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match. There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals. Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage. The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket's repechage in bronze medal bouts.
Babashoff
Babashoff is a surname. Notable people with this surname includes:

Deborah Babashoff (born 1970), former competitive swimmer

Jack Babashoff (born 1955), American former competitive swimmer

Shirley Babashoff (born 1957), American former competitive swimmer

Jack Babashoff
Jack Babashoff Jr. (born July 13, 1955) is an American former competition swimmer and a 1976 Olympic silver medal winner in the 100 meter freestyle.

Babashoff was born one of four children of Vera (Slevkoff), a former teacher, and Jack Babashoff Sr., a machinist.  Both of his parents were second-generation Spiritual Christians from Russia.  His younger sisters Shirley and Debbie and brother Bill were also swimmers who competed at the international level. Jack's father, Jack Sr., was a swimming instructor in Hawaii for a period while in the Army and hoped his own children might aspire to be Olympic swimmers.
James B. Edwards
James Burrows Edwards (June 24, 1927 – December 26, 2014) was an American politician and administrator from South Carolina. He was the first Republican to be elected governor of South Carolina since the post-Civil War Reconstruction era in the 1870s. He later served as the U.S. secretary of energy under Ronald Reagan.

Governor of South Carolina
The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the ex officio commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making yearly "State of the State" addresses to the South Carolina General Assembly, submitting an executive budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced.

The 117th and current governor of South Carolina is Henry McMaster, who is serving his second elected term. He assumed the office on January 24, 2017, after Nikki Haley resigned to become the United States ambassador to the United Nations. He won election to full terms in 2018 and 2022. McMaster is also the state’s longest serving governor.
Dzhira
Dzhira (Russian: Джира), Zhira (Russian: Жира) or Dzhiry (Russian: Джиры), is a salt lake in Kulundinsky District, Altai Krai, Russian Federation.

The lake is located in the western part of the Krai. The nearest inhabited places are Sergeyevka, 5.5 kilometers (3.4 mi) to the west, Yagotinskaya, 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) to the northeast, and Ananyevka 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) to the southeast. Kulunda, the district capital, lies 31 kilometers (19 mi) to the WSW.

There are large gypsum deposits at the lake estimated at about 9,000,000 metric tons (8,900,000 long tons; 9,900,000 short tons). The gypsum is of good quality, not containing harmful impurities and not caking during storage. At the time of the USSR the Ministry of the Medical Industry built a plant on the shore of lake Dzhira for the extraction of raw gypsum. The project was, however, abandoned. The plant never began to operate and  was subsequently mothballed and destroyed.

Kulunda (village)
Kulunda (Russian: Кулунда) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kulundinsky District of Altai Krai, Russia. Population:  14,527 (2010 Census); 15,466 (2002 Census); 16,478 (1989 Soviet census). It is located on the Kazakhstan–Russia border.
Klimovsk Specialized Ammunition Plant
55°22′43″N 37°32′55″E﻿ / ﻿55.37861°N 37.54861°E﻿ / 55.37861; 37.54861

Klimovsk Specialized Ammunition Plant (CJSC KSAP) (Russian: Климовский специализированный патронный завод, romanized: Klimovskiy spetsializirovannyy patronnyy zavod) is an ammunition enterprise located in Russian town Klimovsk near Podolsk in the Moscow region. 7.62×39mm cartridges and wide variety of other service cartridges for various Russian handguns are produced.

AS Val and VSS Vintorez
The AS Val (Russian: АС «Вал»; Автома́т Специа́льный, romanized: Avtomát Spetsiálny "Val", lit. 'Special Automatic–Shaft') and VSS Vintorez (Russian: ВСС «Винторе́з» Винто́вка Сна́йперская Специа́льная, romanized: Vintóvka Snáyperskaya Spetsiálnaya "Vintorez", lit. 'Special Sniper Rifle–Thread Cutter'), GRAU designation: 6P30 and 6P29 respectively, are Soviet-designed specialised assault rifle and sniper rifle featuring an integral suppressor based on the prototype RG-036 completed in 1981 by TsNIITochMash. The VSS Vintorez (beginning in 1983) and AS Val (beginning in 1985) were developed by TsNIITochMash to replace modified general-purpose firearms, such as the AKS-74UB, BS-1, APB, and PB, for clandestine operations, much like the PSS Vul. Manufacturing began at the Tula Arms Plant after its adoption by the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in 1987.
Glory (optical phenomenon)
A glory is an optical phenomenon, resembling an iconic saint's halo around the shadow of the observer's head, caused by sunlight or (more rarely) moonlight interacting with the tiny water droplets that comprise mist or clouds. The glory consists of one or more concentric, successively dimmer rings, each of which is red on the outside and bluish towards the centre. Due to its appearance, the phenomenon is sometimes mistaken for a circular rainbow, but the latter has a much larger diameter and is caused by different physical processes.

Glories arise due to wave interference of light internally refracted within small droplets.

Drop (liquid)
A drop or droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces. A drop may form when liquid accumulates at the end of a tube or other surface boundary, producing a hanging drop called a pendant drop. Drops may also be formed by the condensation of a vapor or by atomization of a larger mass of solid. Water vapor will condense into droplets depending on the temperature. The temperature at which droplets form is called the dew point.
Gheba (tribe)
Gheba (Punjabi: گھیبہ) is a Punjabi Rajput tribe native to Pindi Gheb, Talagang and Fatah Jang tehsils along Salt Range in Punjab, Pakistan.

According to the Bardic traditions, Ghebas descended from a certain Rai Shankar, a Parmar Rajput. Rai Shankar had three sons: Seo, Teo and Gheo, the ancestors of Sial, Tiwana and Gheba clans, respectively. According to J. S. Grewal Ghebas remained dominant throughout Mughal period. According to the historian H. R. Gupta the Ghebas were never conquered by the Afghans and maintained their independence against the Awan, Jodhra and Gakhar tribes, until the region was conquered by Sikh Empire in the early 19th century. Ghebas are closely related to Jodhras. Bhandial is a branch of Ghebas. The Ghebi dialect is named after the tribe.

Parmar (clan)
Parmar, also known as Panwar or Pawar is a Rajput clan that claims descent from the Agnivanshi lineage. They are mainly found in Northern and Central India, especially in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat,  Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Maharashtra. They are also known as Bhoyar, Bhoyar Pawar, or Powar in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. The capital of the Parmar dynasty was Ujjain, and later it shifted to Dhar.

An offshoot of the Parmars, known as the Sodha, also ruled in Amarkot, in the Sindh province of Pakistan.

The clan name is also used by Jats, Gurjars, Kōḷīs, Garoḍās, Līmaciyā Valands, Mōcīs, Tūrīs, Luhārs, Kansārās, Darajīs, Bhāvasārs, Cūnvāḷiyās, Ghañcīs, Harijans, Sōnīs, Sutārs, Dhobīs, Khavāsas, Rabārīs, Āhīrs, Meos, Sandhīs, Pīñjārās, Vāñjhās, Dhūḷadhōyās, Rāvaḷs, Vāgharīs, Bhīls, Āñjaṇās, Mer and Ḍhēḍhs.
44th Guldbagge Awards
The 44th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 2008, and took place on 12 January 2009. Everlasting Moments directed by Jan Troell was presented with the award for Best Film.

Guldbagge Award for Best Film
The Guldbagge for Best Film is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) as part of the Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: "Guldbaggen") to the best Swedish motion picture of the year.
Tapachultec language
Tapachultec is a Mixean language spoken in Chiapas, Mexico, in the town of Tapachula. It is now extinct.

Lyle Campbell suspected that some of its vocabulary were loanwords from Nahuatl, Mam or Kʼicheʼ.

Tapachula
Tapachula de Córdova y Ordóñez, simply known as Tapachula, is a city and municipality located in the far southeast of the state of Chiapas, Mexico, near the Guatemalan border and the Pacific Ocean. Economically, it is one of the most important cities in Chiapas; as capital of the agriculturally-rich Soconusco region, Tapachula also serves as a key port for trade between Mexico and Central America. The area was originally inhabited by the Mam, as a region under the control of the Mam state of Xelaju, but was first established as a city by the Aztecs in the 13th century. Most of its economic importance has come since the late 19th century, with the establishment of coffee plantations. This practice initiated a steady stream of migration and immigration into the area, which continues to this day, and has left the city with a significant Asian and German cultural presence. There is a large Mayan and Nahua population.
2025 China Open (tennis)
The 2025 China Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the 24th edition of the China Open for men and the 26th for women. The tournament was categorized as a WTA 1000 event on the 2025 WTA Tour and an ATP 500 event on the 2025 ATP Tour. Both the women's and the men's tournaments were held at the National Tennis Center in Beijing, from 24 September to 5 October and from 26 September to 2 October respectively.

ATP 500 tournaments
The ATP 500 tournaments (previously known as the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, ATP International Series Gold, and ATP Championship Series) are the fourth-highest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, and the ATP Masters 1000 events. The winners of each tournament are awarded 500 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2025, the series includes 16 tournaments, which have draws of 32 for singles (except for the Washington Open: 48) and 16 for doubles. Leading players must enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a "zero" score towards their world ranking for each one short.

Roger Federer has won the most ATP 500 singles titles (24), while Daniel Nestor has won the most doubles titles (20).
URA3
URA3 is a gene on chromosome V in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Its systematic name is YEL021W. URA3 is often used in yeast research as a "marker gene", that is, a gene to label chromosomes or plasmids. URA3 encodes Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ODCase), which is an enzyme that catalyzes one reaction in the synthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides (a component of RNA).

Pyrimidine
Pyrimidine (C4H4N2; /pɪˈrɪ.mɪˌdiːn, paɪˈrɪ.mɪˌdiːn/) is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound similar to pyridine (C5H5N). One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.: 250  The other diazines are pyrazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 4 positions) and pyridazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 2 positions).

In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).
MPEG-4 Part 20
MPEG-4 Part 20, or MPEG-4 Lightweight Application Scene Representation (LASeR) is a rich media standard dedicated to the mobile, embedded and consumer electronics industries specified by the MPEG standardization group. LASeR is based on SVG Tiny and adds methods for sending dynamic updates and a binary compression format.

The ISO document defining LASeR is ISO 14496-20, Lightweight Application Scene Representation (LASeR) and Simple Aggregation Format (SAF).

Interactive media
Interactive media refers to digital experiences that dynamically respond to user input, delivering content such as text, images, animations, video, audio, and even AI-driven interactions. Over the years, interactive media has expanded across gaming, education, social platforms, and immersive technologies like VR and AR. With the rise of AI-generated content, decision-driven narratives, and real-time engagement, concerns have shifted toward cybersecurity risks, digital well-being, and the societal impact of hyper-personalized media.