hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephen Sherbourne
Stephen Ashley Sherbourne, Baron Sherbourne of Didsbury, CBE (born 15 October 1945) is a British Conservative who was Political Secretary for Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and chief of staff to Conservative leader Michael Howard. He is currently a non-executive director of Smithfields Consultants.

He was born in Manchester, and studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at St Edmund Hall, Oxford. He is known for his interest for liberal democracy and the free market.

He was knighted in 2006, having previously been appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1988 New Year Honours. He was created a life peer on 12 September 2013 taking the title Baron Sherbourne of Didsbury, of Didsbury in the City of Manchester.

Sherbourne is openly gay.

Philosophy, politics and economics
Philosophy, politics and economics, or politics, philosophy and economics (PPE), is an interdisciplinary degree that combines study from three disciplines. The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the University of Oxford in the 1920s. The Oxford PPE course has produced many notable graduates, including numerous British politicians and leaders of other countries. PPE degrees began to be offered at other universities in the 1980s and are now offered at many colleges and universities around the world.
2006 Family Circle Cup – Singles
Nadia Petrova defeated Patty Schnyder in the final, 6–3, 4–6, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2006 Family Circle Cup.

Justine Henin-Hardenne was the defending champion, but lost to Schnyder in the semifinals.

Patty Schnyder
Patty Schnyder (born 14 December 1978) is a Swiss retired tennis player. A former top 10 player in singles, she twice defeated a reigning world No. 1 player in her career: Martina Hingis at the 1998 Grand Slam Cup (by retirement) and Jennifer Capriati at the Family Circle Cup in 2002. In addition, she has notable wins over such former No. 1 players as Lindsay Davenport, Serena Williams, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters, Justine Henin, Amélie Mauresmo, Maria Sharapova, Jelena Janković, Ana Ivanovic, and Caroline Wozniacki.

In her career, she reached six Grand Slam singles quarterfinals and one major singles semifinal. She won eleven WTA Tour singles titles including Zurich Open (Tier I), and five WTA doubles titles, and earned almost $8.6 million in prize money.
Pertusaria epacrospora
Pertusaria epacrospora is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), areolate lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 1991 by lichenologist Alan W. Archer. The type specimen was collected in Park Beach (Coffs Harbour, New South Wales) at sea level; here, it was found growing on trees in a coastal sand dune. The lichen has a thin, pale yellowish-green thallus lacking soredia and isidia. It has numerous wart-shaped apothecia, the same colour as the thallus, which measure 0.4–0.8 mm in diameter and which have a single, inconspicuous ostiole. The ascospores, which number 2 per ascus, are smooth and fusiform (spindle-shaped), typically measuring 125–150 μm long by 35–45 μm wide. Pertusaria epacrospora is only known to occur at the type locality. Secondary compounds found in the lichen are thiophaninic acid and stictic acid as major components, and minor to trace amounts of constictic acid and hypostictic acid.

Park Beach
Park Beach is a suburb of Coffs Harbour, northern New South Wales, located in the north eastern part of the town. It has a population of around 5,000 which swells during summer as it is a coastal tourist destination containing many motels, backpackers and other forms of accommodation. The suburb of Park Beach is generally considered to be the area within the Ocean Parade and Orlando Street intersection at the south, the Orlando Street and Woolgoolga Road intersection, the turnoff from the Pacific Highway onto Macauleys Headland Drive, and the southern end of the Coffs Coast Regional Park.
Stereoscopic video coding
3D video coding is one of the processing stages required to manifest stereoscopic content into a home. There are three techniques which are used to achieve stereoscopic video:

Color shifting (anaglyph)

Pixel subsampling (side-by-side, checkerboard, quincunx)

Enhanced video stream coding (2D+Delta, 2D+Metadata, 2D plus depth)

Chroma subsampling
Chroma subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution for chroma information than for luma information, taking advantage of the human visual system's lower acuity for color differences than for luminance.

It is used in many video and still image encoding schemes – both analog and digital – including in JPEG encoding.
Marek Kaleta
Marek Kaleta (born 17 December 1961 in Kunda) is a retired Estonian male javelin thrower who represented the Soviet Union in the 1980s and later on Estonia. He set his personal best 83.30, which was the Estonian national record this time, on 12 August 1990 in Pieksämäki, Finland.  Kaleta is best known for winning the gold medal in the men's javelin throw event at the 1987 Summer Universiade in Zagreb.

1987 Summer Universiade
The 1987 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIV Summer Universiade, took place in Zagreb, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. It involved participants from 111 countries and over 6,000 individual sportspersons and members from delegations.
Jim Paterson (footballer)
James Lee Paterson (born 25 September 1979) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a left back or left midfielder. He was most recently the interim manager of East Kilbride.

He played for Dundee United, Motherwell, Plymouth Argyle, Aberdeen, Shamrock Rovers, Bristol Rovers, Celtic Nation, Forfar Athletic and Dunfermline Athletic. He is a former Scotland under-21 internationalist, making nine appearances between 1997 and 2001. Paterson recently returned to Motherwell to replace outgoing coach Richard Foster as under 18s coach.

Scotland national under-21 football team
The Scotland national under-21 football team, controlled by the Scottish Football Association, is Scotland's national under 21 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Scotland national football team.

As a European under-21 team, Scotland compete in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which is usually held every other year. The team has qualified for the final stages of these Championships on six occasions, although not since 1996. There is no global tournament for under-21 national teams. Performance in the European Championship determines qualification for football at the Summer Olympics, which Scotland is unable to compete in.
Tauquir Ahmed
Tauquir Ahmed (born 5 March 1966) is a Bangladeshi architect and actor, turned director in both television and cinema. His films won many international and national awards including Bangladesh National Film Awards in the Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Story categories for the films Joyjatra (2004) and Oggatonama (2016).

Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Story
The Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Story (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার শ্রেষ্ঠ কাহিনীকার) is one of the most prestigious film awards given in Bangladesh. Since 1977, awards have been given in the category of best story.
A. B. M. Ruhul Amin Howlader
A. B. M. Ruhul Amin Howlader (born 2 March 1953) was a Jatiya Party politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Patuakhali-1 constituency. Earlier he was an MP from the Barisal-6 constituency. Since 2020 to 2025 he had served as co-chairman of the Jatiya Party. In 7 July 2025 he has been expelled from the party due to breaking the party rules.

Patuakhali-1
Patuakhali-1 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh. The current Member of Parliament in this constituency is Altaf Hossain Chowdhury of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
Bob Ledger
Robert Hardy Ledger (5 October 1937 – 14 September 2015) was an English professional footballer born in Chester-le-Street, County Durham. He played as a midfielder during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. He was defense, midfield and forward for Oldham Athletic and went in goals when goalkeeper Dave Best was injured.

Ledger died on 14 September 2015 at his home in Doncaster, following a short illness. He was 77.

Chester-le-Street
Chester-le-Street (/ˈtʃɛstəlistriːt/) is a market town in County Durham, England. It is located around 6 miles (10 kilometres) north of Durham and is close to Newcastle. The town holds markets on Saturdays. In 2021, the town had a population of 23,555.

The town's history is ancient; records date to a Roman-built fort called Concangis. The Roman fort is the Chester (from the Latin castra) of the town's name; the Street refers to the paved Roman road that ran north–south through the town. The parish church of St Mary and St Cuthbert is where the body of St Cuthbert remained for 112 years (from 883 to 995 AD), before being transferred to Durham Cathedral. 
An Old English translation of the Gospels was made in the 10th century: a word-for-word gloss of the Latin Vulgate text, inserted between the lines by Aldred the Scribe, who was Provost of Chester-le-Street.
Taruka
Taruka was a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4845 people living in 912 individual households.
Taruka is famous for its vegetable production and annual bullfight. The annual bullfight occurs on first day on tenth month (Makar Sakranti) of Nepali calendar.

Nuwakot District
Nuwakot District (Nepali: नुवाकोट जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Bidur as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,121 km2 (433 sq mi) and had a population of 288,478 in 2001 and 277,471 in 2011.

The district contains places of historical significance such as the town of Nuwakot, and the village of Devighat (the death place of Prithvi Narayan Shah) located at the confluence of the Tadi and Trishuli Rivers. Kakani is popular among Nepalese people as a touristic place and picnic spot.
Mundhal Kalan
Mundhal Kalan is a village in the Bhiwani district of the Indian state of Haryana. It lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north of the district headquarters town of Bhiwani. As of the 2011 Census of India, the village had 503 households with a population of 3,034 of which 1,593 were male and 1,441 female. Mundhal Khurd, earlier a separate habitation, is now contiguous to Mundhal Kalan, and both are collectively known as "Mundhal".

Khurd and Kalan are words that indicate the main (Khurd) and smaller satellite extension (Kalan) of a town, village or settlement.

Bhiwani district
Bhiwani district is one of the 22 districts of the northern Indian state of Haryana. Created on 22 December 1972, it was the largest district of the state by area, before the creation of Charkhi Dadri as a separate district, as it occupied an area of 4,778 square kilometres (1,845 mi2) and administered 442 villages with a population of 1,634,445. Sirsa is now the largest district of the state.

The district headquarters is the city of Bhiwani, which is around 124 kilometres (77 mi) from the national capital Delhi. Other major towns in the district are Siwani, Loharu, Tosham, Bawani Khera, Kohlawas, Lamba.

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Haryana (out of 21), after Faridabad and Hisar.
Murex
Murex is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly called "murexes" or "rock snails".

The common name murex is still used for many species in the family Muricidae which were originally given the Latin generic name Murex, but have more recently been regrouped into newer genera. Murex was used in antiquity to describe spiny sea snails, especially those associated with the production of purple dye. Murex is one of the oldest classical seashell names still used by the scientific community.

Aristotle described these mollusks in his History of Animals using the Greek term πορφύρα (porphyra).

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Ings
Ings is an old word of Old English origin referring to water meadows and marshes.

The term appears in place names in Yorkshire (such as Hall Ings, Bradford, Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve, Clifton Ings in York, Derwent Ings, Sutton Ings, Acaster South Ings, and Wetherby Ings), as well as in Cumbria, and in Lincolnshire.

"Ings" may be of direct Old English origin or potentially borrowed into Old English from Old Norse.

Water-meadow
A water-meadow (also water meadow or watermeadow) is an area of grassland subject to controlled irrigation to increase agricultural productivity.  Water-meadows were mainly used in Europe from the 16th to the early 20th centuries.  Working water-meadows have now largely disappeared, but the field patterns and water channels of derelict water-meadows remain common in areas where they were used, such as parts of Northern Italy, Switzerland and England.  Derelict water-meadows are often of importance as wetland wildlife habitats.

Water-meadows should not be confused with flood-meadows, which are naturally covered in shallow water by seasonal flooding from a river.  "Water-meadow" is sometimes used more loosely to mean any level grassland beside a river.
Prestea
Prestea is a town in the Western Region, in southwest Ghana and about 50 km north of the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies on the west bank of the Ankobra River, about 60 mi (100 km) northwest of Cape coast. The town is part of the Prestea-Huni Valley District. Prestea is the forty-sixth most populous in Ghana, in terms of population, with a population of 35,760 people. A railway line connects Prestea to Tarkwa and beyond to the coastal city of Sekondi-Takoradi.

Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal District
Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal District is one of the fourteen districts in Western Region, Ghana. Originally it was part of the then-larger Wassa West District in 1988, which was created from the former Wassa-Fiase-Mpohor District Council, until the northern part of the district was split off to create Prestea-Huni Valley District on 29 February 2008; thus the remaining part was renamed as Tarkwa-Nsuaem District (which was later elevated to municipal district assembly status on that same year to become Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipal District). However, on 15 March 2018, it was later elevated to municipal district assembly status by President Nana Addo Dankwah Akuffo-Addo to become Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal District. The municipality is located in the eastern part of Western Region and has Bogoso as its capital town.
Hayden Poulter
Hayden Tyrone Poulter (August 1961 – 22 September 2018) was a New Zealand spree killer who murdered three people in Auckland in October 1996. Convicted of all three murders but boasted of committing more, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. Following a brief stint out of prison on parole before it was revoked, Poulter killed himself in September 2018 at Whanganui Prison. Despite being a spree killer, he has been labelled in the media as New Zealand's first serial killer.

Spree killer
A spree killer is someone who commits a criminal act that involves two or more murders in a short time, often in multiple locations. There are differing opinions about what durations of time a killing spree may take place in. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics has spoken of "almost no time break between murders", but some academics consider that a killing spree may last weeks or months, e.g. the case of Andrew Cunanan, who murdered five people over three months, including fashion designer Gianni Versace.
Lyndra Littles
Lyndra S. Littles (born June 20, 1987) is an American basketball player.

She was drafted by the Connecticut Sun but waived before the 2009 WNBA season began. She was signed to a training camp contract by the Indiana Fever in 2010, but did not play for the team.

In 2022, Littles was named the Foreign MVP in the inaugural season of the Mexican Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil (LNBPF) while playing for the Libertadoras de Querétaro. She returned to the team for the 2023 season.

Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil
The Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil (LNBPF), known for sponsorship reasons as Liga Caliente.mx LNBP Femenil, is a women's professional basketball league in Mexico. Founded in 2022, the league comprises eight teams divided into two regions (North and South) and is the women's counterpart to the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP).

The LNBPF is one of three major professional women's basketball leagues in Mexico, alongside the Liga Mexicana de Baloncesto Profesional Femenil (LMBPF) and the Liga ABC MEX.
Givat Harsina
Givat Harsina (Arabic: جفعات هرسينا Hebrew: גִּבְעַת חַרְסִינָה), also Ramat Mamre  (Hebrew: רָמַת מַמְרֵא), is an Israeli settlement on the outskirts of the Palestinian city of Hebron, in the Judean Mountains region of the West Bank. Israel officially considers it part of the settlement of Kiryat Arba, and its population statistics are included with those of Kiryat Arba.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Judaean Mountains
The Judaean Mountains, or Judaean Hills (Hebrew: הרי יהודה, romanized: Harei Yehuda) or the Hebron Hills (Arabic: تلال الخليل, romanized: Tilāl Al-ḵalīl or Arabic: جبال الخليل, romanized: Jibāl Al-ḵalīl, lit. 'Hebron mountains',) are a mountain range in the West Bank and Israel  where Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron and several other biblical sites are located. The mountains reach a height of 1,026 metres (3,366 ft). The Judean Mountains can be divided into a number of sub-regions, including the Mount Hebron ridge, the Jerusalem ridge and the Judean slopes.

The Judaean Mountains formed the heartland of the Kingdom of Judah (930–586 BCE), where the earliest Jewish settlements emerged, and from which Jews are originally descended.
Salix taxifolia
Salix taxifolia, the yewleaf or yew-leaf willow, is a species of willow native to all of southern Mexico, also Pacific Coast regions, north to Sinaloa, and in the south Pacific Coast of Mexico into central Guatemala. Scattered populations are also reported from northern Mexico and from the US states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

It is a large shrub or tree with narrow linear leaves similar to those of a yew. Its range is similar to that of the Bonpland willow, S. bonplandiana.

Yew
Yew is a common name given to various species of trees.

It is most prominently given to any of various coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Taxus:

European yew or common yew (Taxus baccata)

Pacific yew or western yew (Taxus brevifolia)

Canadian yew (Taxus canadensis)

Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis)

Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)

Florida yew (Taxus floridana)

Mexican yew (Taxus globosa)

Sumatran yew (Taxus sumatrana)

Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana)

†Taxus masonii (Eocene fossil yew)

It is also used for any of various coniferous plants in the families Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae:

White-berry yew (Pseudotaxus chienii)

New Caledonian yew or southern yew (Austrotaxus spicata)

Catkin-yew (Amentotaxus sp.)

Plum-yew (Cephalotaxus sp.)

Various coniferous plants in the family Podocarpaceae, superficially similar to other yews, are also known by this name:

Prince Albert's yew (Saxegothaea conspicua)

Plum-yew (Prumnopitys sp.)
Coolbaugh (surname)
Coolbaugh is a surname of German origin, and an Americanized version of Kühlbach. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Coolbaugh (1939–1985), American football wide receiver

Mike Coolbaugh (1972–2007), American baseball player and coach

Scott Coolbaugh (born 1966), American baseball player

Walter W. Coolbaugh (1918–1942), United States Navy officer

William F. Coolbaugh (1821–1877), American politician and banker from Pennsylvania

William F. Coolbaugh
William Findlay Coolbaugh (July 1, 1821 – November 14, 1877) was an American politician and banker from Pennsylvania. After working his way up the ranks at a Philadelphia dry goods house, he began his own store in Burlington, Iowa, in 1842. He became active in Iowa politics, serving in the Iowa Senate from 1854 to 1862. In 1855, he was the Democratic Party candidate to the United States Senate, but lost. In 1862, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, to set up a banking house which became the Union National Bank of Chicago. Coolbaugh was also the father-in-law of Chief Justice of the United States Melville Fuller. Coolbaugh died of an apparent suicide in 1877.
Samih al-Qasim
Samīħ al-Qāsim al Kaissy (Arabic: سميح القاسم; Hebrew: סמיח אל קאסם; 1939 – August 19, 2014) was a Palestinian poet with Israeli citizenship whose work is well known throughout the Arab world. He was born in Transjordan and later lived in Mandatory Palestine and Israel. Before the Six-Day War in 1967, he was mainly influenced by Arab nationalism; after the war he joined the Israeli Communist Party.

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.
Gazipur Metropolitan Police
Gazipur Metropolitan Police (Bengali: গাজীপুর মেট্রোপলিটন পুলিশ, romanized: Gājīpura mēṭrōpaliṭana puliśa; abbreviated as GMP) is the primary metropolitan unit of the Bangladesh Police, responsible for law enforcement, public safety, and crime prevention within the metropolis of Gazipur, a major city near Dhaka in Bangladesh. Established in 2018 under the Gazipur Metropolitan Police Ordinance, GMP oversees policing operations, administration, and coordination with other law enforcement and emergency agencies in the city. The force is headed by a Police Commissioner who manages all operational and administrative functions.

Police commissioner
A police commissioner is the head of a police department, responsible for overseeing its operations and ensuring the effective enforcement of laws and maintenance of public order. They develop and implement policies, manage budgets, and coordinate with other law enforcement agencies and community groups. Additionally, the commissioner handles high-profile cases, addresses public concerns, and represents the department in various forums.