hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anoka–Champlin Mississippi River Bridge
The Anoka–Champlin Mississippi River Bridge, also known as the Ferry Street Bridge, is a 10-span open spandrel concrete deck arch bridge that spans the Mississippi River between Anoka and Champlin, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1929 by the Minneapolis Bridge Company, replacing an 1884 bridge at the same site.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for its state-level significance in the themes of commerce and engineering.  It was nominated for exemplifying the open-spandrel concrete arch bridges developed in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area in the late 1920s, and for providing a key physical connection between two river communities with longstanding economic ties.

Spandrel
A spandrel is a roughly triangular space, usually found in pairs, between the top of an arch and a rectangular frame, between the tops of two adjacent arches, or one of the four spaces between a circle within a square. They are frequently filled with decorative elements.
Sang Run State Park
Sang Run State Park is a public recreation area covering 264 acres (107 ha) in Garrett County, Maryland. Focal points of the state park are a homestead, Friends Delight, that dates from the early 1800s and the historic Friends Store, which as a center of Sang Run's community life sold various staples and served as post office until the 1970s. The park offers picnicking, hiking trail, and a put-in for Class V whitewater rafting on the Youghiogheny River.

Youghiogheny River
The Youghiogheny River (/jɒkəˈɡeɪni/ yok-ə-GAY-nee), or the Yough (/ˈjɒk/ YOK) for short, is a 134-mile-long (216 km) tributary of the Monongahela River in West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. It drains an area on the west side of the Allegheny Mountains northward into Pennsylvania, providing a small watershed in extreme western Maryland into the tributaries of the Mississippi River. Youghiogheny is a Lenape word meaning "a stream flowing in a contrary direction".
Mount Tukuhnikivatz
Mount Tukuhnikivatz is a 12,482-foot (3,805 m) elevation summit located in San Juan County, Utah, United States. Mount Tukuhnikivatz is the third-highest peak of the La Sal Mountains, and is the premier ski mountaineering destination in the La Sals. It is situated in a dry, rugged, sparsely settled region, and set on land administered by Manti-La Sal National Forest. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into tributaries of the Colorado River. The nearest town is Moab, 19 mi (31 km) to the northwest, and the nearest higher neighbor is Mount Peale, 1.7 mi (2.7 km) to the east. The mountain's name is a Native American word that translates as "Where the sun sets last." Locals call it Mount Tuk for short. This mountain has a subsidiary peak unofficially called Little Tuk (12,048 feet), approximately one-half mile to the north-northwest.

Colorado River Numic language
Colorado River Numic (also called Ute /ˈjuːt/ YOOT, Southern Paiute /ˈpaɪ.juːt/ PIE-yoot, Ute–Southern Paiute, or Ute-Chemehuevi /ˌtʃɛ.mə.ˈweɪ.vi/ CHEH-mə-WAY-vee), of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, is a dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California to Colorado. Individual dialects are Chemehuevi, which is in danger of extinction, Southern Paiute (Moapa, Cedar City, Kaibab, and San Juan subdialects), and Ute (Central Utah, Northern, White Mesa, Southern subdialects). According to the Ethnologue, there were a little less than two thousand speakers of Colorado River Numic Language in 1990, or around 40% out of an ethnic population of 5,000.

The Southern Paiute dialect has played a significant role in linguistics, as the background for a famous article by linguist Edward Sapir and his collaborator Tony Tillohash on the nature of the phoneme.
Spatuloricaria atratoensis
Spatuloricaria atratoensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Atrato River basin in Colombia. The species reaches 34 cm (13.4 inches) in standard length.

Atrato River
The Atrato River (Spanish: Río Atrato) is a river of northwestern Colombia. It rises in the slopes of the Western Cordillera and flows almost due north to the Gulf of Urabá (or Gulf of Darién), where it forms a large, swampy delta.  Its course crosses the Chocó Department, forming that department's border with neighboring Antioquia in two places. Its total length is about 650 km (400 mi), and it is navigable as far as Quibdó (400 km / 250 mi), the capital of the department.

In 2016, the Constitutional Court of Colombia granted the river legal rights of personhood after years of degradation of the river basin from large-scale mining and illegal logging practices, which severely impacted the traditional ways of life for Afro-Colombians and Indigenous people.
Tibby Creek (Yockanookany River tributary)
Tibby Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to the Yockanookany River.

Tibby is a name derived from the Choctaw language purported to mean either (sources vary) "icy creek" or "to fight". A variant name is "Tilby Creek".

Choctaw language
The Choctaw language (Choctaw: Chahta), spoken by the Choctaw, an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, US, is a member of the Muskogean language family. Chickasaw is a separate but closely related language to Choctaw.

The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma published the New Choctaw dictionary in 2016.
Heimdall 2
Heimdall 2 (also known as Heimdall 2: into the Hall of Worlds) is an isometric action-adventure video game developed by The 8th Day and published by Core Design for Amiga, Amiga CD32 and DOS platforms in 1994. It is set in a world based on Norse mythology and is the sequel to Heimdall, released in 1991. The CD-ROM versions contain a CD audio soundtrack composed by Martin Iveson.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
The Salisbury Review
The Salisbury Review is a quarterly British "magazine of conservative thought". It was founded in 1982 by the Salisbury Group, who sought to articulate and further traditional intellectual conservative ideas.

The Review was named after Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, the British prime minister at the end of the nineteenth century. The philosopher Roger Scruton was the chief editor for eighteen years and published it through his Claridge Press. From 2000 the editor was the historian and hoaxer A. D. Harvey. The managing editor from 2006 to 2012 was Merrie Cave. The editor as of 2012 is Myles Harris who is a practising doctor and journalist.

Contributors have included Antony Flew, Christie Davies, Enoch Powell, Margaret Thatcher, Václav Havel, Hugh Trevor-Roper, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Norman Stone, Theodore Dalrymple, Roger Watson and Peter Mullen.

Christie Davies
John Christopher Hughes "Christie" Davies (25 December 1941 – 26 August 2017) was a British sociologist, professor emeritus of sociology at the University of Reading, England, the author of many articles and books on criminology, the sociology of morality, censorship, and humour. He was also a visiting professor in India, Poland, United States, and Australia.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 1500 metres T54
The T54 category is for wheelchair athletes with no leg function, but near full arm function and reasonable to normal trunk function. Typically this may be caused by a lower spinal cord injury or spinal cord birth defect.

The Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 1500 metres T54 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 13 September 2016, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

T54 (classification)
T54 is  a disability sport classification for disability athletics in the track and jump events.  The class includes people with spinal cord injuries who compete using a wheelchair in track events.  They have paraplegia, but have normal hand and arm function, normal or limited trunk function, and no leg function.  This class includes CP-ISRA classes CP3 and CP4, and some athletes in ISOD classes A1, A2 and A3.
Continuous spin particle
In theoretical physics, a continuous spin particle (CSP), sometimes called an infinite spin particle, is a massless particle never observed before in nature. This particle is one of Poincaré group's massless representations which, along with ordinary massless particles, was classified by Eugene Wigner in 1939. Historically, a compatible theory that could describe this elementary particle was unknown; however, 75 years after Wigner's classification, the first local action principle for bosonic continuous spin particles was introduced in 2014, and the first local action principle for fermionic continuous spin particles was suggested in 2015. It has been illustrated that this particle can interact with matter in flat spacetime. Supersymmetric continuous spin gauge theory has been studied in three and four spacetime dimensions.

In condensed matter systems, CSPs can be understood as massless generalizations of the anyon.

Anyon
In physics, an anyon is a type of quasiparticle so far observed only in two-dimensional systems. In three-dimensional systems, only two kinds of elementary particles are seen: fermions and bosons. Anyons have statistical properties intermediate between fermions and bosons. In general, the operation of exchanging two identical particles, although it may cause a global phase shift, cannot affect observables. Anyons are generally classified as abelian or non-abelian. Abelian anyons, detected by two experiments in 2020, play a major role in the fractional quantum Hall effect.
2011 BMW Open – Doubles
Oliver Marach and Santiago Ventura were the defending champions, but decided not to participate. Marach competed in the Serbia Open instead.
Simone Bolelli of Italy and Horacio Zeballos of Argentina defeated in the final the German couple Andreas Beck and Christopher Kas 7–6(3), 6–4 to win the title.

Simone Bolelli
Simone Bolelli (Italian pronunciation: [siˈmoːne boˈlɛlli]; born 8 October 1985) is an Italian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP ranking in doubles of World No. 6 achieved on 13 January 2025 and in singles of No. 36 achieved on 23 February 2009. Bolelli is a Grand Slam champion, having won the 2015 Australian Open doubles event with Fabio Fognini, together becoming the first male all-Italian pair to win a Major in the Open Era. He also reached three other major finals with Andrea Vavassori at the 2024 and the 2025 Australian Open, and at the 2024 French Open. He is also the Italian player who has won the highest number of Davis Cups for his national team, marking a record of three times in a row: in 2023, 2024 and 2025. He has won 18 ATP Tour doubles titles. He was a bronze medalist at the 2005 Mediterranean Games.
Chicago Dramatists
Chicago Dramatists is a theatre in River West, West Town, Chicago, Illinois, US, focused on nurturing playwrights and developing new plays. It was founded in 1979 by Russ Tutterow and is notable for its Network Playwright Program, which offers classes, readings and critiques to writers of all abilities, and readings of new works for the general public. In 1998, the theatre received a special Jeff Award for its almost two decades of developing plays and playwrights in a manner that has enhanced Chicago's reputation for being a cradle for new theatre works. The theater space itself is small and intimate, seating 77.

As well as nurturing new playwrights, Chicago Dramatists lists many established playwrights as part of its community. Resident playwrights have included Keith Huff (whose award-winning play A Steady Rain was developed at Chicago Dramatists), Lydia R. Diamond, Kristiana Rae Colón, Sandra Delgado and Mary Ruth Clarke. The current artistic director is Carson Becker.

Lydia R. Diamond
Lydia R. Diamond (born April 14, 1969, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American playwright and professor. Among her most popular plays are The Bluest Eye (2007), an adaptation of Toni Morrison's novel; Stick Fly (2008); Harriet Jacobs (2011); and Smart People (2016). Her plays have received national attention and acclaim, receiving the Lorraine Hansberry Award for Best Writing, an LA Weekly Theater Award, a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award and the 2020 Horton Foote Playwriting Award from the Dramatists Guild of America.

She has taught playwriting at DePaul University, Loyola University, Columbia College Chicago, Boston University, and University of Illinois at Chicago. She is also a Huntington Playwright Fellow and a Resident Playwright at Chicago Dramatists.
1979 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Women's singles
Top-seed Chris Evert-Lloyd won the title beating third-seed Evonne Goolagong Cawley in the final for a first-prize of $20,000. It was Evert-Lloyd's fifth title at the U.S. Clay Courts and followed an absence of three years during which World Team Tennis commitments clashed with the event.

World TeamTennis
World TeamTennis (WTT) was a mixed-gender professional tennis league played with a team format in the United States, which was founded in 1973.

The league's season normally took place in the summer months. Players from the ATP and WTA would often take a break from their tour schedules to partake in World TeamTennis.

WTT was the first professional sports league to grant equal status to each man and woman competing for their teams.

Many top tennis players have participated in the league over the years, including Billie Jean King, Rod Laver, Björn Borg, Ilie Nastase, Chris Evert, John McEnroe, Evonne Goolagong, Jimmy Connors, Martina Navratilova, Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras, Michael Chang, Serena Williams, Venus Williams, Lindsay Davenport, Kim Clijsters, Martina Hingis, John Isner, Sam Querrey, Sloane Stephens, Naomi Osaka, and Frances Tiafoe.
Hamza test
Hamza Test (Arabic: اخْتِبَارُ هَمْزَة, Ikhtibār Hamzah) is an Arabic-language proficiency test for non-native speakers that assesses non-Arabic speakers' proficiency in four language skills: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, writing and speaking. A standardized criterion-referenced test, the test follows the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and measures proficiency across four levels, ranging from A2 to C1. The test is held at least once every four months in Saudi Arabia and worldwide, either in person (computer-based) at accredited centers or remote (online). Test sessions are administered by the King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language, held domestically and internationally in partnership with accredited local institutions.

On January 15, 2026, the Hamza Test officially joined the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) as an associate member.

Criterion-referenced test
A criterion-referenced test is a style of test that uses test scores to generate a statement about the behavior that can be expected of a person with that score.  Most tests and quizzes that are written by school teachers can be considered criterion-referenced tests.  In this case, the objective is simply to see whether the student has learned the material. Criterion-referenced assessment can be contrasted with norm-referenced assessment and ipsative assessment.

Criterion-referenced testing was a major focus of psychometric research in the 1970s.
Hoover Medal
The Hoover Medal is an American engineering prize.

It has been given since 1930 for "outstanding extra-career services by engineers to humanity". The prize is given jointly by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), which administers it. It is named for Herbert Hoover, the first recipient, who was an engineer by profession.

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) is a professional association for mining and metallurgy, with over 145,000 members.  The association was founded in 1871 by 22 mining engineers in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and was one of the first national engineering societies in the country.

The association's charter is to "advance and disseminate, through the programs of the Member Societies, knowledge of engineering and the arts and sciences involved in the production and use of minerals, metals, energy sources and materials for the benefit of humankind."

It is the parent organization of four Member Societies, the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME), The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), the Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST), and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). The organization is currently based in San Ramon, California.
Edward John Eyre (radio play)
Edward John Eyre is a 1962 Australian radio play by Colin Thiele about Edward Eyre. It was written especially for the 1962 Adelaide Festival of the Arts and was much acclaimed.

Thiele had long been interested in the career of Eyre, and had been involved in the unveiling of a plaque commemorating the explorer in 1955.

A copy of the script is at the Fryer Library at the University of Queensland.

Colin Thiele
Colin Milton Thiele AC (/ˈtiːli/; 16 November 1920 – 4 September 2006) was an Australian author and educator. He was renowned for his award-winning children's fiction, most notably the novels Storm Boy, Blue Fin, the Sun on the Stubble series, and February Dragon. As Vice Principal and Principal of Wattle Park Teachers College and Principal of Murray Park CAE for much of the 1960s and 1970s he had a significant impact on teacher education in South Australia.
St Michael's Secondary School
St Michael's Secondary School was a mixed free school located in Camborne, Cornwall, England. It opened in 2012, had a Roman Catholic ethos and catered for students aged 11–16 years. Due to a lack of pupil numbers it was merged with Camborne Science and International Academy and closed in 2017.

Camborne Science and International Academy
Camborne Science and International Academy (formerly Camborne Science & Community College) is an academy school and sixth form in Camborne, Cornwall, England, UK. The school teaches 1,803 11 to 18-year-olds.
Alexander Gradon
Alexander Gradon (circa 1666 – May 1739), also spelt Graydon, was an Irish politician.

Gradon represented Naas in the Irish House of Commons between 1703 and 1711. He then sat for Harristown from 1713 to 1714, and again from 1715 to 1727.

In 1731, a man named Alexander Graydon was arrested for abetting a violent assault on Naas MP John Bourke. According to Eugene L. Wolfe, it is possible but not certain that this was the same man.

Naas (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
Naas was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons to 1801. The Parliament of Ireland merged with the Parliament of Great Britain to form the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 1 January 1801. Thereafter Naas was represented by the Members for Kildare.
Sophie Morgenstern
Sophie Morgenstern (1 April 1875 – 13 June 1940) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. She is known in France as a pioneer of child psychoanalysis and an influence on more famous figures such as Françoise Dolto.

Originally of Polish Jewish origin, Morgenstern went to medical school in Zurich, where she studied at the Burghölzli clinic under Eugen Bleuler and Eugene Minkowski.

She came to Paris in the 1920s where she was analysed by Eugénie Sokolnicka, one of the first Freudian psychoanalysts present in France. She worked at the Hôpital Vaugirard, under the direction of Georges Heuyer, from 1924. Her innovations included the use of drawings in child psychotherapy.

She committed suicide in Paris in June 1940 after the Nazis entered the city.

Burghölzli
Burghölzli, named after the wooded hill in the district of Riesbach in southeastern Zürich where it is located, is the Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich ('Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich'), a psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. As a research hospital, it is associated with the University of Zürich.
Division of Maranoa
The Division of Maranoa is an Australian electoral division in the state of Queensland.

Maranoa extends across the Southern Outback and is the largest electorate in Queensland and the fifth largest federal electorate in Australia, being three times the size of Victoria. Maranoa is noted for its strong conservatism; in the 2016, 2019 and 2025 federal elections, Pauline Hanson's One Nation finished ahead of Labor on preference count, reaching a peak in 2016 with 17.82% of the primary vote.

Maranoa is a stronghold for the Liberal National Party of Queensland. The current MP is David Littleproud, former Minister of Agriculture and current leader of the National Party.

Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives
Electorates (also known as electoral divisions, federal divisions or seats) are the single-member electoral districts of the Australian House of Representatives; the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. There are currently 150 federal electorates.
2023 Moselle Open – Singles
Ugo Humbert defeated Alexander Shevchenko in the final, 6–3, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Moselle Open. It was his fourth career ATP Tour singles title.

Lorenzo Sonego was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Fabio Fognini.

Ugo Humbert
Ugo Humbert (French pronunciation: [yɡo œ̃bɛʁ]; born 26 June 1998) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 13, achieved on 15 April 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 348, achieved on 26 August 2024. He has won seven ATP Tour singles titles, and was runner-up at a Masters 1000 event at the Paris Masters. He is currently the No. 2 singles player from France.

Humbert won his first ATP Tour match and made his Grand Slam singles debut in 2018. At the 2019 Wimbledon Championships, he reached the fourth round, where he lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic.
Əzizli
41°30′23″N 48°49′12″E﻿ / ﻿41.50639°N 48.82000°E﻿ / 41.50639; 48.82000

Əzizli (also, Azizli, known as Aronovka until 1992) is a village in the Khachmaz District of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Khaspoladoba.

Khachmaz District
41°28′N 48°48′E﻿ / ﻿41.467°N 48.800°E﻿ / 41.467; 48.800

Khachmaz District (Azerbaijani: Xaçmaz rayonu; Lezgian: Хъачмаз район) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the northeast of the country and belongs to the Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qusar, Quba, Shabran, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Khachmaz. As of 2020, the district had a population of 179,800.