hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shibabrata Barman
Shibabrata Barman (Bengali: শিবব্রত বর্মন) is a Bangladeshi author, screenwriter, translator, and journalist. He is known for Bengali novel Baniyalulu, Mriterao Kotha Bole which is later adopted as web series Munshigiri  and screenwriting for film, and television including Ekattor webseries, Unoloukik, and Film based on his story Suraiya was officially selected in Asian Project Market (APM) 2023 at 28th Busan International Film Festival, Produire Au Sud Dharamshala Lab 2023, Tasveer Film Market 2024. Barman has authored several books, written screenplays, and worked as a journalist.

Busan International Film Festival
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF; Korean: 부산국제영화제), formerly the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF), held annually in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. The first festival, held from 13 to 21 September 1996, was also the first international film festival in Korea.

The main focus of the BIFF is to introduce new films and first-time directors, especially those from Asian countries. Another notable feature is the appeal of the festival to young people, both in terms of the large youthful audience it attracts and through its efforts to develop and promote young talent.

In 1999, the Pusan Promotion Plan (renamed Asian Project Market in 2011) was established to connect new directors to funding sources. The 16th BIFF in 2011 saw the festival move to a new permanent home, the Busan Cinema Center in Centum City.
Endangered sea turtles
Worldwide, hundreds of thousands of sea turtles a year are accidentally caught in shrimp trawl nets, on longline hooks and in fishing gill-nets. Sea turtles need to reach the surface to breathe, and therefore many drown once caught. Loggerhead and hawksbill turtles are particularly vulnerable. Nearly all species of sea turtle are classified as Endangered. They are killed for their eggs, meat, skin and shells. They also face habitat destruction. Climate change has an impact on turtle nesting sites. As fishing activity expands, this threat is more of a problem.

Trawling
Trawling is an industrial method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. The net used for trawling is called a trawl. This principle requires netting bags which are towed through water to catch different species of fishes or sometimes targeted species. Trawls are often called towed gear or dragged gear.

The boats that are used for trawling are called trawlers or draggers. Trawlers vary in size from small open boats with as little as 30 hp (22 kW) engines to large factory trawlers with over 10,000 hp (7.5 MW). Trawling can be carried out by one trawler or by two trawlers fishing cooperatively (pair trawling).

Trawling can be contrasted with trolling. While trawling involves a net and is typically done for commercial usage, trolling instead involves a reel, rod and a bait or a lure and is typically done for recreational purposes. Trawling is also commonly used as a scientific sampling, or survey, method.
Siege of Messina (842–843)
The siege of Messina was launched by the Aghlabids, allied with the Neapolitans, against the Byzantine city of Messina from 842 to 843. The Allied forces managed to capture the city after a long siege.

Aghlabid dynasty
The Aghlabid dynasty (Arabic: الأغالبة) was an Arab dynasty that ruled Ifriqiya from 800 to 909, nominally as vassals of the Abbasid Caliphate. During this time, they also conquered Sicily, Malta, parts of southern Italy, and possibly Sardinia. The dynasty originated from the tribe of Banu Tamim and was founded by Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab, who was appointed by the Abbasid caliph in 800 to rule this province.

The Aghlabids adhered to the Mu'tazilite rationalist doctrine within Hanafi Sunni Islam, which they imposed as the state doctrine of Ifriqiya.: 57  They sponsored the construction of mosques and civic infrastructure, major examples of which have survived to the present day as some of the oldest Islamic-era monuments in the region. Their rule ended when they were conquered by the new power of the Fatimids in 909.
Lismacrory Mounds
Lismacrory Mounds are a group of prehistoric mounds forming a National Monument in County Tipperary, Ireland. They are 2.2 km (1.4 mi) north of Ballingarry, North Tipperary, 10 km (6.3 mi) southeast of Lough Derg.

There are about 20 mounds, or cairns, in the area. They were originally assumed to be burial sites, but are now thought to be piles of stones discarded from fulachtaí fia. Other structures identified in the area include ringforts, dwellings and enclosure sites.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
Illinois Historic Preservation Division
The Illinois Historic Preservation Division, formerly Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, is a governmental agency of the U.S. state of Illinois, and is a division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.  It is tasked with the duty of maintaining State-owned historic sites, and maximizing their educational and recreational value to visitors or on-line users.  In addition, it manages the process for applications within the state for additions to the National Register of Historic Places and other federal preservation schemes.

Historic site
A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.
Engelholm, Næstved Municipality
Engelholm is a manor house and estate located four kilometres northwest of Præstø, in Næstved Municipality, some 60 kilometres south of Copenhagen, Denmark. It has been owned by members of the Wolf/Wolff-Sneedorf family since 1830. The main building was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places by the Danish Heritage Agency in 1918.

Næstved Municipality
Næstved Municipality (Danish: Næstved Kommune) is a kommune in the Region Sjælland on the island of Zealand in the south of Denmark. The municipality includes the island of Gavnø.  It covers an area of 681 km2, and has a total population of 84,895 (2025). The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Næstved.

On 1 January 2007, Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007) merged the Næstved municipality with existing Fladså, Fuglebjerg, Holmegaard, and Suså municipalities to form the new Næstved municipality, increasing the total population to more than 80,000. As of 2024 the mayor is Carsten Rasmussen.
Gozewijn van Randerath
Gozewijn van Randerath was a Dutch Roman Catholic clergyman. He was locally elected to be bishop of Utrecht in 1249, but Pope Innocent IV appointed Henry I van Vianden instead, and so Gozewijn withdrew from the post in 1250.

Due to an error by the medieval historian Johannes de Beka, he was for a long time known as Gozewijn van Amstel, and considered as an uncle or nephew of Gijsbrecht IV of Amstel, the accessory to the murder of Floris V. Under this name, he has a bit-part in Vondel's Gijsbrecht van Aemstel, a play set in 1304.

Gijsbrecht IV of Amstel
Gijsbrecht IV of Amstel or Gijsbrecht IV van Amstel (c. 1235 – c. 1303) was a powerful lord in the medieval County of Holland and a member of the Van Aemstel family. His territory was Amstelland, and his son was Jan I of Amstel.
Louis-Jean Guyot
Louis-Jean Guyot  (7 July 1905 in Bordeaux in France – 1 August 1988 in Bordeaux) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church, and archbishop of Toulouse in 1966–1978.

In 1935 Guyot obtained a Doctorate in Sacred Theology from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum with a dissertation entitled L'incorporation au Christ par les sacrements d'après la doctrine de st. Thomas.

He was made cardinal in 1973 by Pope Paul VI, named the cardinal-priest of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura.

He took part in the August 1978 Conclave which elected Pope John Paul I, and in the October 1978 Conclave which elected Pope John Paul II.

Doctor of Sacred Theology
The Doctor of Sacred Theology (Latin: Sacrae Theologiae Doctor, abbreviated STD), also sometimes known as Professor of Sacred Theology (Sacrae Theologiae Professor, abbreviated STP), is the final theological degree in the pontifical university system of the Catholic Church, being the ecclesiastical equivalent of the academic Doctor of Theology (ThD) degree.

The two terms were once used in the ancient and formerly Catholic universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, as an alternative name for the degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD), a practice which has now been discontinued.
Gianmaria
Gianmaria is the name of:

Gianmaria Bruni (born 1981), Italian racing driver

Gianmaria Dal Maistro (born 1980), Italian skier

Gianmaria Potenza (born 1936), Italian artist

Gianmaria Testa (1958–2016), Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist

Gianmaria Zanandrea (born 1999), Italian footballer

Gianmaria (singer), Italian singer-songwriter and rapper.

Gianmaria Bruni
Gianmaria "Gimmi" Bruni (born 30 May 1981) is an Italian Porsche factory auto racing driver who drove in the 2004 Formula One World Championship for Minardi. He is a GP2 Series race winner and is now racing in the FIA World Endurance Championship, in which he gained the 2013 and 2014 GT Drivers' Titles whilst driving as a factory Ferrari driver. He won the 2008 FIA GT Championship, 2011 Le Mans Series and 2012 International GT Open and took three class victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, in 2008, 2012 and 2014. He also was successful at the 2009 and 2015 24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps, 2010 12 Hours of Sebring and 2011 Petit Le Mans.
Pristolepis
Pristolepis is a genus of fish in the family Pristolepididae, and a member of the order Anabantiformes. It is native to freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia and India's Western Ghats.

Their relationship to other members of the order was previously uncertain, with the 5th edition of Fishes of the World placing the family outside the order, alongside the Nandidae and Pristolepididae, in an unnamed and unranked but monophyletic clade. However, they are now placed in the anantiform suborder Nandoidei. Alongside the Nandidae, they are commonly known as "Asian leaffish".

Potentially the oldest member of the family is the fossil genus Palaeopristolepis from the Bambanbor Formation of India, which is part of the Intertrappean Beds. This formation was previously dated to the latest Cretaceous, but is now thought to only date to the Early Eocene. However, the attribution of this genus to this family is questionable.

Intertrappean Beds
The Intertrappean Beds are a Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene geologic unit in India. These beds are found as interbeds between Deccan Traps layers, including the slightly older Lameta Formation. They consist a number of different subgroups and formations, and span the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary.

Many mostly fragmentary fossils, especially of small vertebrates, are known from the formation. Indeterminate theropod and pterosaur remains have been recovered from the formation, as well as dinosaur eggs. The mammal genera Deccanolestes, Sahnitherium, Bharattherium, Indoclemensia, Indotriconodon and Kharmerungulatum have been recovered from several localities. The Early Eocene-aged Bamanbor locality in Gujarat preserves articulated freshwater fish specimens. A rich plant flora is known from the formation.
YWCA USA
YWCA USA is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and the American division of the YWCA. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and focuses on women's empowerment. The organization additionally aims for the promotion of peace, justice, freedom, and dignity.

In 2024, the organization had $16.4 million in revenue, $19 million in expenses (of which $2.1 million was for executive compensation) and $79.8 million in assets. YWCA USA employed 54 staff and had 19 volunteers in 2023.

Justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the treatment of individuals fairly. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian, a 6th-century codification of Roman law, where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".

A society where justice has been achieved would be one in which individuals receive what they "deserve". The interpretation of what "deserve" means draws on a variety of fields and philosophical branches including ethics, rationality, law, religion, and fairness. The state may pursue justice by operating courts and enforcing their rulings.
Massimiliano Pavan
Massimiliano Pavan (30 August 1920, in Venice – 17 January 1991, in Padua) was an Italian historian, who served as director of the Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani for the Treccani Institute. A graduate of the University of Padua alongside Aldo Ferrabino, he was taught by Concetto Marchesi and Manara Valgimigli, and was a professor of Greek and Roman history at the University of Perugia. His library and archives are at the Museo Canova.

Aldo Ferrabino
Aldo Ferrabino (26 June 1892, in Cuneo – 30 October 1972, in Rome) was an Italian historian, philosopher, librarian, writer, and poet. A graduate of the University of Turin, he taught ancient history at the University of Padua and the Sapienza University of Rome, later becoming rector at the University of Padua in 1947. From 1948 to 1954, he served in the Italian Senate for the Christian Democracy party. In 1950, he become a correspondent for the Accademia dei Lincei, and the president of the Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico. From 1954 to 1972, he was president of the Treccani encyclopaedia. In 1956, he was elected the president of the Dante Alighieri Society. In 1957, he co-founded the magazine Il Veltro with Vincenzo Cappelletti. Considered an expert on Christology and the philosophy of history, he was made a Knight of the Civil Order of Savoy in 1970.
Fensalir
In Norse mythology, Fensalir (Old Norse "Fen Halls") is a location where the goddess Frigg dwells. Fensalir is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Scholars have proposed theories about the implications of the location, including that the location may have some connection to religious practices involving springs, bogs, or swamps in Norse paganism, and that it may be connected to the goddess Sága's watery location Sökkvabekkr.

Gylfi
In Norse mythology, Gylfi (Old Norse: [ˈɡylve]), Gylfe, Gylvi, or Gylve was the earliest recorded king of Sviþjoð, Sweden, in Scandinavia. He is known by the name Gangleri when appearing in disguise. The Danish tradition on Gylfi tells how he was tricked by Gefjon and her sons from Jötunheim, who were able to shapeshift into tremendous oxen.
Eva Moll
Eva Moll (born June 15, 1975, in Karlsruhe) is a German contemporary artist. Moll works in fine art printmaking, drawing and painting as well as its expansion in the areas of performance art and conceptual art. Besides her works on canvas and paper, her Œuvre includes Happenings, video art and installations. A large part of her work stands in the traditions of appropriation art, pop art, fluxus and action painting. She lives and works in New York and Berlin.

Complete works
The complete works of an artist, writer, musician, group, etc., is a collection of all of their cultural works. For example, Complete Works of Shakespeare is an edition containing all the plays and poems of William Shakespeare. A Complete Works published edition of a text corpus is normally accompanied with additional information and critical apparatus. It may include notes, introduction, a biographical sketch, and may pay attention to textual variants.

Similarly, the term body of work may be used to describe the entirety of the creative or academic output produced by a particular individual or unit.
Feliksów, Opoczno County
Feliksów (Polish pronunciation: [fɛˈliksuf]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Paradyż, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-west of Paradyż, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Opoczno, and 68 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Opoczno County
Opoczno County (Polish: powiat opoczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, south-east Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opoczno, which lies 72 kilometres (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Drzewica, lying 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno.

The county covers an area of 1,038.77 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2009 its total population is 78,467, out of which the population of Opoczno is 21,635 (2016), that of Drzewica is 3,913 (2016), and the rural population is 52,006.
Generative model
Generative models are a class of models frequently used for classification. In machine learning, it typically models the joint distribution of inputs and outputs, such as P(X,Y), or it models how inputs are distributed within each class, such as P(X∣Y) together with a class prior P(Y). Because it describes a full data-generating process, a generative model can be used to draw new samples that resemble the observed data. Generative models are used for density estimation, simulation, and learning with missing or partially labeled data. In classification, they can predict labels by combining P(X∣Y) and P(Y) and applying Bayes’ rule. Generative models are often contrasted with discriminative models, which focus on predicting outputs from inputs directly.

Generative model approaches which uses a joint probability distribution instead, include naive Bayes classifiers, Gaussian mixture models, variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks and others.

Continuous or discrete variable
In mathematics and statistics, a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete. If it can take on two real values and all the values between them, the variable is continuous in that interval. If it can take on a value such that there is a non-infinitesimal gap on each side of it containing no values that the variable can take on, then it is discrete around that value. In some contexts, a variable can be discrete in some ranges of the number line and continuous in others. In statistics, continuous and discrete variables are distinct statistical data types which are described with different probability distributions.
St Mildred's Church, Tenterden
St Mildred's Church is a Church of England parish church in Tenterden in the borough of Ashford in Kent, England.

The church dates from about the 12th century and is Grade I heritage listed. The main tower of the church is 39.6 metres (130 feet) high and was constructed in 1461. It is dedicated to a prominent Anglo-Saxon saint, Saint Mildred—a 7th-century princess who served as the abbess of the nunnery at Minster-in-Thanet.

Borough of Ashford
The Borough of Ashford is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest town, Ashford, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Tenterden and an extensive surrounding rural area including numerous villages; with an area of 580 square kilometres (220 sq mi), it is the largest district in Kent. Parts of the borough lie within the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald and the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts are (clockwise from west) Tunbridge Wells, Maidstone, Swale, Canterbury, Folkestone and Hythe, and Rother. The latter is in East Sussex, the rest are in Kent.
ISO 3166-2:LT
ISO 3166-2:LT is the entry for Lithuania in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Lithuania, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for ten counties, seven city municipalities, 44 district municipalities and nine municipalities.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is LT, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Lithuania. The second part is either of the following:

two letters: counties

two digits: city municipalities, district municipalities and municipalities

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Phyllonorycter sorbi
Phyllonorycter sorbi is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula.

They have a wingspan of 7–9 mm and body length of 7–8.5 mm. The forewing has four costal and three dorsal white stripes, the inner part has a dark brown border. There is a narrow band at the base of the wing. The pupa is 2.5–3.5 mm long, the cremaster is trapezoidal. P. sorbi, P. oxyacanthae and P. mespilella cannot be reliably separated without genitalia dissection.

There are two generations per year with adults on wing in April and May and again in August.

The larvae feed on Cotoneaster integerrimus, Crataegus, Cydonia, Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Prunus padus, Pyrus communis, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus chamaemespilus, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus intermedia and Sorbus torminalis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Prunus padus
Prunus padus, known as bird cherry, hackberry (unrelated to the genus Celtis), hagberry, or Mayday tree, is a flowering plant in the rose family. It is a species of cherry, a deciduous small tree or large shrub up to 16 metres (52 ft) tall.  It is the type species of the subgenus Padus, which have flowers in racemes.  It is native to northern Europe and northern and northeast Asia and is grown as an ornamental in North America.