hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andro, Imphal East
Andro is a village and a nagar panchayat in Imphal East district in the state of Manipur, India.

Andro is an earmarked Scheduled Caste village which has been developed to represent the cultural heritage and artful creativeness of the Manipuri tribes. Located at distance of 25 km towards east of Imphal Andro creates an authentic Manipuri village along with the cultural complex established and run by the Mutua Museum Imphal. This complex encompasses varieties of pottery creations from north eastern India. The doll house of the complex has been imaginatively developed by displaying 29 different types of dolls that represent the cross cultural mix of Manipuri tribes across the region. Authentic Manipuri pottery can be purchased and even a few tricks of trade can be learned at the town.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
1995 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The 1995 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament was the 14th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of Division II women's  collegiate basketball in the United States.

Two-time defending  champions North Dakota State defeated Portland State in the championship game, 98–85, to claim the Bison's fourth NCAA Division II national title. This was North Dakota State's fourth title in five years and would go on to be the third of four consecutive titles for the Bison.

The championship rounds were contested in Fargo, North Dakota.

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
Lower Mettur Hydroelectric Project
Lower Mettur Hydroelectric Project is a hydropower generation project in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a 120MW power generation project constructed across the Kaveri River. The project area is in the downstream of Mettur Dam, hence it derives the name. This project consists of four power plants which are located between Mettur in Salem district and Bhavani, Erode. This power generation project is owned by Government of Tamil Nadu and operated by TANGEDCO.

Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation
The Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO) is an electrical power generation and distribution public sector undertaking owned by the Government of Tamil Nadu. It was formed on 1 November 2010 under section 131 of the Electricity Act of 2003, and is the successor to the erstwhile Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. The electricity board's generation and distribution wings are its nucleus.  TANGEDCO is a subsidiary of TNEB Limited. From July 13 2024, TANGEDCO has been trifurcated into 3 organizations namely Tamil Nadu Power Generation Corporation Limited (TNPGCL), Tamil Nadu Power Distribution Corporation Limited (TNPDCL), Tamil Nadu Green Energy Corporation Limited (TNGECL).
Negobot
Negobot also referred to as Lolita or Lolita chatbot is a chatterbot that was introduced to the public in 2013, designed by researchers from the University of Deusto and Optenet to catch online pedophiles. It is a conversational agent that utilizes natural language processing (NLP), information retrieval (IR) and Automatic Learning.  Because the bot poses as a young female in order to entice and track potential predators, it became known in media as the "virtual Lolita", in reference to Vladimir Nabokov's novel.

Dialogue system
A dialogue system, or conversational agent (CA), is a computer system intended to converse with a human. Dialogue systems employ one or more of text, speech, graphics, haptics, gestures, and other modes for communication on both the input and output channel.

The elements of a dialogue system are not defined because this idea is under research; however, they are different from chatbots. The typical GUI wizard engages in a sort of dialogue, but it includes very few of the common dialogue system components, and the dialogue state is trivial.
Audley's Castle
Audley's Castle is a 15th-century castle located 1 mile (1.6 km) north-east of Strangford, County Down, Northern Ireland, on a rocky height overlooking Strangford Lough. It is a three-storey Tower house named after its 16th century owner, John Audley. Audley's Castle tower house and bawn is a State Care Historic Monument in the townland of Castleward, in Down District Council area, at grid ref: J5781 5058.

There are thousands of small stone towers similar to Audley's Castle in the Irish countryside. They are one of the commonest of archaeological sites, which indicates these were not buildings put up for the higher aristocracy, but for lesser lords and gentry. Most were built in the late Middle Ages (roughly 1350–1550). Audley's was built towards the end of this period.

Tower house
A tower house is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the Middle Ages, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence, around which a castle town was often constructed.
El Mantaro District
El Mantaro District is one of thirty-four districts of the Jauja Province, located in the Department of Junín in Peru. The district was created by the Law No. 4404 in November 23, 1921, during the presidency of Augusto B. Leguía.  It encompasses an area of 17.76 km2.

Jauja province
Jauja is a Peruvian province. It is one of the nine provinces of the Junín Region. To the north it borders with the provinces of Yauli, Tarma and Chanchamayo. To the east with the province of Satipo, to the south with the province of  Concepción and to the west with the Lima Region. The capital of the province is the city of Jauja (Quechua: Shausha or Sausa). The city was founded by Francisco Pizarro as the first capital of Peru.

Before the arrival of the Spaniards the province was called Hatun Xauxa (Quechua spelling variants: Hatun Shawsha or Hatun Sausa) and it was the main center of the nation Hatunwanka Xauxa, that consisted of Tawantinsuyu after the expansion of Pachakutiq Inca.
Dubekol
Dubekol is a village and Village Development Committee  in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,890 persons living in 355 individual households.

Khotang District
Khotang District (Nepali: खोटाङ जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district, with Diktel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,591 km2 (614 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of 206,312. The district is bordered by Bhojpur District in the east, Udayapur District in the south, Okhaldhunga District in the west and Solukhumbu District in the North. In this district there are two municipalities and eight rural/urban municipalities.
Kosmos 2443
Kosmos 2443 (Russian: Космос 2443 meaning Cosmos 2443) is one of a set of three set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2008 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2442 and Kosmos 2444.

This satellites is a GLONASS-M satellite, also known as Uragan-M, and is numbered Uragan-M No. 725.

Kosmos 2442/3/4 were launched from Site 81/23 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-M carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 08:49 UTC on 25 September 2008. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designators 2008-046B. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 33379.

It is currently part of the GLONASS constellation in the third orbital plane, orbital slot 21. It started operation on 5 November 2008.

International Designator
The International Designator is an international identifier assigned to artificial objects in space. It consists of the launch year, a three-digit incrementing launch number of that year and up to a three-letter code representing the sequential identifier of a piece in a launch. In TLE format the first two digits of the year and the dash are dropped.
For example, 1990-037A is the Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-31, which carried the Hubble Space Telescope (1990-037B) into space. This launch was the 37th known successful launch worldwide in 1990.
Jean (female given name)
Jean is a common female given name in English-speaking countries. It is the Scottish form of Jane (and is sometimes pronounced that way). It is sometimes spelled Jeaine. It is the equivalent of Johanna, Joanna, Joanne, Jeanne, Jana, and Joan, and derives from the Old French Jehanne, which is derived from the Latin name Johannes, itself from the Koine Greek name Ioannes (Ιωαννης), ultimately from the Biblical Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), a short form of the name Yehochanan (יְהוֹחָנָן), meaning "YHWH/Yahweh is Gracious".

Johannes
Johannes is a Medieval Latin form of the personal name that usually appears as "John" in English language contexts. It is a variant of the Greek and Classical Latin variants (Ιωάννης, Ioannes), itself derived from the Hebrew name Yehochanan, meaning "YHWH is gracious". The name became popular in Northern Europe, especially in Germany because of Christianity. Common German variants for Johannes are Johann, Hannes, Hans (diminutized to Hänschen or Hänsel, as known from "Hansel and Gretel", a fairy tale by the Grimm brothers), Jens (from Danish) and Jan (from Dutch, and found in many countries). In the Netherlands, Johannes was without interruption the most common masculine birth name until 1989. Johannes is also a popular name in South Africa, particularly among Afrikaners, due to Dutch colonial influences in the region. The English equivalent for Johannes is John.
Johann Heinrich Kopp
Johann Heinrich Kopp (17 September 1777, in Hanau – 28 November 1858, in Hanau) was a German physician and natural scientist. He was the father of chemist Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp (1817–1892).

He studied medicine at the universities of Rinteln, Marburg and Jena, obtaining his habilitation in 1801. He briefly worked as a doctor in Rödelheim, then settled as a physician in his hometown of Hanau. From 1807 he served as a professor of chemistry, physics and natural history at the lyceum in Hanau. In 1813 he was appointed a medical officer and in 1815 attained the title of Hofrat (councilor). Later on, he became a personal physician to the Elector of Hesse. In 1808 he was a founding member of the Wetterauische Gesellschaft, serving as its director in 1826/28.

He was the author of writings on various medical subjects; the best regarded were his work in the field of forensic medicine. In 1808 he provided an early description of bieberite, a mineral he referred to as "kobaltvitriol".

Lyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Basic science and some introduction to specific professions are generally taught.
Kim & Chang
Kim & Chang (Korean: 김·장 
법률사무소; Hanja: 金&張) is an international law firm headquartered in Seoul. Founded in 1973, it is the largest law firm in South Korea, with over 1,200 professionals and offices in Seoul, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Ho Chi Minh City. In 2016, it became the first Korean law firm to be included in the world's top 100 law firms by the American Lawyer, ranking 59th with a revenue of $686 million. In 2017, the firm posted a revenue of ₩1.01 trillion (US$893.47 million), becoming Korea's first law firm to reach a revenue milestone of 1 trillion won.

The firm employs numerous attorneys educated and licensed in the United States, Japan, China, and Europe. Approximately 20 percent of its lawyers are foreign-qualified, and it has a division of around 200 personnel devoted to Japan-related practice. In addition to attorneys, the firm employs patent attorneys, tax attorneys, economists, and industry-specific experts.

South Korean won
The South Korean won, sometimes known as the Republic of Korea won (symbol: ₩; code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원), is the official currency of South Korea. The won is technically equal to 100 jeon, but the jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The South Korean won was first issued in 1949, then was replaced by the South Korean hwan between 1953 and 1962, before the adoption of the current South Korean won in 1962.
Timeline of twentieth-century theatre
The following timeline of twentieth-century theatre offers a year-by-year account of the performance and publication of notable works of drama and significant events in the history of theatre during the 20th century. Musical theatre works are excluded from the list below.

History of theatre
The history of theatre charts the development of theatre over the past 2,500 years. While performative elements are present in every society, it is customary to acknowledge a distinction between theatre as an art form and entertainment, and theatrical or performative elements in other activities. The history of theatre is primarily concerned with the origin and subsequent development of the theatre as an autonomous activity. Since classical Athens in the 5th century BC, vibrant traditions of theatre have flourished in cultures across the world.
Sharkham Point
Sharkham Point is a headland located close to the Devon fishing town of Brixham. It overlooks St. Mary's Bay and is a short walk away from Berry Head Country Park. This stretch was originally the Coastguard Walk along which the coastguards regularly patrolled. At St. Mary's Bay the path begins to rise and fall over the soft, middle Devonian shales which have eroded to form what was once called "Mudstone Bay". On the beach below you can find many fossils.

Sharkham Point was once the site of extensive iron workings and  old adits can still be found, dating from the period 1790 to 1930.  However many remains were covered when Sharkham Point was used as the Brixham town tip.  The site is now managed as a nature conservation area, and there are fine views from it of the Heritage coastline.

Heritage coast
A heritage coast is a strip of coastline in England and Wales, the extent of which is defined by agreement between the relevant statutory national agency and the relevant local authority. Such areas are recognised for their natural beauty, wildlife and heritage and amongst the purposes of definition is support for these qualities and enabling enjoyment of them by the public. For England this national agency is Natural England (having formerly been the Countryside Agency) and for Wales it is Natural Resources Wales (which took over the role from its predecessor body, Countryside Council for Wales).
Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.

Operand
In mathematics, an operand is the object of a mathematical operation, i.e., it is the object or quantity that is operated on.

Unknown operands in equalities of expressions can be found by equation solving.
.277 Wolverine
The .277 Wolverine (6.8x39mm) is a wildcat cartridge. It is a multi-purpose mid-power cartridge with increased ballistic performance over the AR-15's traditional .223 Remington (5.56×45mm NATO) cartridge. The use of a modified 5.56 case means that at minimum, only a new barrel is needed to convert any 5.56-based firearm to .277 Wolverine.

Gun barrel
A gun barrel is a crucial part of gun-type weapons such as small firearms, artillery pieces, and air guns.  It is the straight shooting tube, usually made of rigid high-strength metal, through which a contained rapid expansion of high-pressure gas(es) is used to propel a projectile out of the front end (muzzle) at a high velocity.  The hollow interior of the barrel is called the bore, and the diameter of the bore is called its calibre, usually measured in inches or millimetres.

The first firearms were made at a time when metallurgy was not advanced enough to cast tubes capable of withstanding the explosive forces of early cannons, so the pipe (often built from staves of metal) needed to be braced periodically along its length for structural reinforcement, producing an appearance somewhat reminiscent of storage barrels being stacked together, hence the English name.
Nuclear Physics (journal)
Nuclear Physics A, Nuclear Physics B, Nuclear Physics B: Proceedings Supplements and discontinued Nuclear Physics  are peer-reviewed scientific journals published by Elsevier. The scope of Nuclear Physics A is nuclear and hadronic physics, and that of Nuclear Physics B is high energy physics, quantum field theory, statistical systems, and mathematical physics.

Nuclear Physics was established in 1956, and then split into Nuclear Physics A and Nuclear Physics B in 1967. A supplement series to Nuclear Physics B, called Nuclear Physics B: Proceedings Supplements has been published from 1987 onwards until 2015 and continues as Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings.

Nuclear Physics B is part of the SCOAP3 initiative.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
HMS Volage
Six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Volage:

HMS Volage (1798) was a 22-gun sixth rate. She was the French privateer Volage, of 22 guns, that HMS Melampus captured in 1798; Volage was broken up in 1804.

HMS Volage (1807) was a 22-gun sixth rate launched in 1807 and sold in 1818.

HMS Volage (1825) was a 28-gun sixth rate launched in 1825. She was converted into a survey ship in 1847, lent to the War Department as a powder hulk in 1864 and broken up by 1874.

HMS Volage (1869) was an iron screw corvette, ordered as HMS Cerberus but renamed in 1867 before being launched in 1869. She was broken up in 1904.

HMS Volage was to have been a modified W-class destroyer but the order was cancelled in 1918.

HMS Volage (R41) was a V-class destroyer launched in 1943. She was converted into an anti-submarine frigate in 1951 and sold in 1972.

U and V-class destroyer
The U and V class was a class of sixteen destroyers of the Royal Navy launched in 1942–1943. They were constructed in two flotillas, each with names beginning with "U-" or "V-" (although there was a return to the pre-war practice of naming the designated flotilla leader after a famous naval figure from history to honour the lost ships Grenville and Hardy). The hull was nearly identical to the preceding ships of the S and T classes, but the U and V class ships had different bridge and armament fits. The flotillas constituted the 7th Emergency Flotilla and 8th Emergency Flotilla, built under the War Emergency Programme. These ships used the Fuze Keeping Clock HA Fire Control Computer.
Mladen Ivanić
Mladen Ivanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Младен Иванић, pronounced [mlâden ǐʋanit͡ɕ]; born 16 September 1958) is a Bosnian Serb politician who served as the 6th Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2014 to 2018. He is the founder, member and former president of the Party of Democratic Progress.

Ivanić served as minister of foreign affairs from 2002 to 2007. He was also Prime Minister of Republika Srpska from 2001 to 2003. Ivanić served as member of the national House of Peoples from 2007 to 2014 as well.

Banja Luka
Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бања Лука, pronounced [bǎɲa lǔːka] ⓘ) or Banjaluka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалука, pronounced [baɲalǔːka]) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most populous in Republika Srpska. It is Republika Srpska‘s main economic, political, and administrative center. Banja Luka is the traditional centre of the densely forested Bosanska Krajina region of northwestern Bosnia & Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the city proper has a population of 138,963, while its administrative area comprises a total of 185,042 inhabitants.

The city is home to the University of Banja Luka and the University Clinical Center of the Republika Srpska, as well as numerous entities and state institutions for the Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. The city is located on the Vrbas river. Banja Luka was designated a European city of Sport in 2018.