hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ryan Manitowich
Ryan Manitowich (born July 5, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He won 2009 Allan Cup with the Bentley Generals and won the 2010 Allan Cup with the Fort St. John Flyers.

Manitowich attended Iona College in New Rochelle, New York, where he played four seasons (1999–2003) of NCAA Division I hockey with the Iona Gaels. Manitowich
went on to play three seasons of professional hockey with the Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs of the Central Hockey League (CHL), concluding his CHL career with the 2005–06 season having played a total of 164 regular season games and another 39 playoff games, all with the Mudbugs.

Manitowich continued to play Canadian senior hockey, twice winning the Canadian national championship and the Allan Cup; first in 2009 with the Bentley Generals, and again in 2010 with the Fort St. John Flyers.

Iona University
Iona University (/aɪˈoʊnə/) is a private Catholic university with a main campus in New Rochelle, New York, United States. It was founded in 1940 by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and occupies a campus of 45 acres (0.18 km2) in New Rochelle and a campus of 28 acres (0.11 km2) in Bronxville, New York.

Iona University offers more than 60 undergraduate programs and 45 graduate programs in the School of Arts & Science, LaPenta School of Business and the NewYork-Presbyterian Iona School of Health Sciences. It also offers graduate courses in Manhattan and has 14 study abroad programs. As of academic year 2018–2019, the institution enrolled approximately 4,000 undergraduate and graduate students from diverse backgrounds representing 35 states and 47 countries of origin.
Hearst Media Production Group
The Hearst Media Production Group, formerly Litton Syndications and Litton Entertainment, is an American media production and syndication based in New York City, New York and a subsidiary of the Hearst Television division of Hearst Communications, with three additional offices in Boston, Washington, D.C. and Burbank, California. Many of HMPG's programs comply with federally mandated educational and informational requirements.

Media conglomerate
A media conglomerate, media company, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, video games, amusement parks, or the Internet. Despite ownership over several companies and diverse mediums, by definition, media conglomerates only maintain holdings over media and not other enterprises.

Some media conglomerates use their access in multiple areas to share various kinds of content such as: news, video and music, between users. The media sector's tendency to consolidate has caused formerly diversified companies to appear less diverse to prospective investors in comparison with similar companies that are traded publicly and privately. Therefore, the term media group may also be applied, however, it has not yet replaced the more traditional term.
Weak gravitational lensing
In astronomy, weak gravitational lensing is a technique to map the mass distribution of astronomical objects. As predicted by general relativity, the presence of any mass bends the path of light passing near it, producing gravitational lensing. This effect rarely produces the giant arcs and multiple images associated with strong gravitational lensing. Most lines of sight in the universe are thoroughly in the weak lensing regime, in which the deflection is impossible to detect in a single background source. However, even in these cases, the presence of the foreground mass can be detected, by way of a systematic alignment of background sources around the lensing mass. Weak gravitational lensing is thus an intrinsically statistical measurement, but it provides a way to measure the masses of astronomical objects without requiring assumptions about their composition or dynamical state.

The field was pioneered by J. Anthony Tyson in the 1990s.

Deflection (physics)
Deflection is a change in a moving object's velocity, hence its trajectory, as a consequence of contact (collision) with a surface or the influence of a non-contact force field. Examples of the former include a ball bouncing off the ground or a bat; examples of the latter include a beam of electrons used to produce a picture, quantum deflection, or the relativistic bending of light due to gravity.
SA Thiers
Sports Athlétiques Thiernois Football is a French association football club founded in 1935. They are based in the town of Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme and their home stadium is the Parc des Sports Antonin Chastel. The first team was relegated from 2019–20 Championnat National 3 and now play in Régional 1, the sixth tier of the French football league system.

Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme
Thiers (French pronunciation: [tjɛːʁ] ⓘ; Auvergnat: Tièrn) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department of Auvergne in central France. With Ambert, Issoire and Riom, it is one of the department's four sub-prefectures. The district of Thiers consists of forty-three municipalities in six cantons. Its inhabitants are known as Thiernois or Bitords.

Thiers is a major historical centre of knife manufacturing, with about one hundred companies and a cutlery museum; seventy percent of French pocketknives, kitchen and table knives are manufactured in Thiers. The knowledge and craft of the Thiernois cutlers are over seven centuries old, and many of the old watermills that were used to manufacture Thiernois knives can still be seen in the Vallée des Rouets.

The city extends over 7 kilometres (4+1⁄4 miles) on a rocky spur overhanging the nearby mountains and the villages. It is divided into two sections: the lower city (home to many hypermarkets) and the upper, medieval city.
Montebello Rock
Montebello Rock, formerly known as Amnesia Rockfest and Montebello Rockfest, was an annual outdoor Rock festival that took place each June in Montebello, Quebec. Founded in 2005 by then-teenage local resident Alex Martel, it became the largest rock music festival in Canada and one of the largest in North America.

With a local population of 978 residents, the small town of Montebello attracted over 200,000 festival-goers during its peak years. The event offered a diverse lineup with mainstream acts, as well as cult bands, reunions, rarities and emerging talent.  Aside from its lineup, the festival is known for its countryside setting, camping areas, carnival vibe and parties in the village throughout the weekend. Past headliners include Rammstein, System of a Down, Linkin Park, Blink-182, Mötley Crüe and Queens of the Stone Age.

Tim Armstrong
Timothy Ross Armstrong is an American musician, songwriter
and record producer. Known for his distinctive voice, he is the singer/guitarist for the punk rock band Rancid and hip hop/punk rock supergroup Transplants. Prior to forming Rancid, Armstrong was in the ska punk band Operation Ivy.

In 1997, along with Brett Gurewitz of the band Bad Religion and owner of Epitaph Records, Armstrong founded Hellcat Records. In 2012, through his website, Armstrong started releasing music that influenced him, along with stripped-down cover songs of his own under the name Tim Timebomb. Armstrong is also a songwriter for other artists. Armstrong won a Grammy Award for his work with Jimmy Cliff and Pink, and has also worked with Joe Walsh and the Interrupters.
Sonny Umpad
Master Santiago "Sonny" Umpad (June 26, 1948 – August 24, 2006) was a Filipino eskrimador. He was born in Bogo, Cebu, Philippines. As a young man, Umpad was exposed to the traditional Filipino martial arts of Eskrima; in his region the term "estocada" was also used to describe these arts. Umpad gave full credit to the Balintawak Eskrima and Doce Pares systems, which made up much of his early training. When he went to the United States, he continued his training with Master Raymond Tobosa in the art of Villabrille Kali.

Doce Pares
Doce Pares (Spanish for Twelve Peers) is a Filipino martial art and a form of Arnis, Kali and Eskrima, that focuses primarily on stick fighting, knife fighting and hand-to-hand combat but also covers grappling and other weapons as well. In reality, the stick is merely considered an extension of the hand, and is meant to represent almost any weapon, from sticks to swords to knives to anything else you can place in your hand and used as a weapon in the modern context. Doce Pares was founded in 1932.

Following the death of Ciriaco Cañete in February 2016 and Dionisio Cañete in August 2021 there is only one surviving Doce Pares Supreme Grandmaster, Danny Guba.
Jelenković
Jelenković is a Serbian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Nebojša Jelenković (born 1978), Serbian footballer, father of Veljko

Predrag Jelenković (born 1965), Serbian politician

Veljko Jelenković (born 2003), Serbian-Bulgarian footballer

Predrag Jelenković
Predrag Jelenković (Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Јеленковић; born 1965) is a politician in Serbia. He has served in the National Assembly of Serbia since 2016 as a member of the Social Democratic Party of Serbia (SDPS).
Route nationale 112
The Route Nationale 112 is a French road which linked Montpellier to Albi until 2006.

From 1824 to the 1972 reform, the RN 112 linked Agde to Toulouse. It was renamed RD 112 between Castres and Toulouse and RD 612 on certain sections of the route. The section from Montpellier to Agde belonged to the RN 108. The section from Castres to Albi belonged to the RN 118. Following the 2005 reform, it only remains between Castres and Mazamet, the rest being transferred to the departments (D 612).

Albi
Albi (French pronunciation: [albi] ⓘ; Occitan: Albi [ˈalβi]) is a commune in southern France. It is the prefecture of the Tarn department, on the river Tarn, 85 km northeast of Toulouse. Its inhabitants are called Albigensians (French: Albigeois, Albigeoise(s), Occitan: albigés -esa(s)). It is the seat of the Archbishop of Albi.

The episcopal city, around the Cathedral Sainte-Cécile, was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2010 for its unique architecture. The site includes the Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, dedicated to the artist who was born in Albi.
Ranakpur Jain temple
Ranakpur Jain temple or Chaturmukha Dharana Vihara is a Śvētāmbara Jain temple at Ranakpur dedicated to Tirthankara Rishabhanatha. The temple is located in the village of Ranakpur near Sadri in the Pali district of Rajasthan. It is a major pilgrimage place for the Śvetāmbara community.

Seth Dhanna/Dharna Shah, a local Jain businessperson, started construction of the temple in the 15th century after a divine vision. The temple honours Adinath, the first Tirthankar of the present half-cycle (avasarpiṇī) according to Jain cosmology. The Ranakpur temple is one of the largest and most important temples of Jain culture. The campus includes various temples such as Chaumukha temple, Surya temple, Suparshvanatha temple, and Amba temple. Ranakpur along with Muchhal Mahavir, Narlai, Nadol and Varkana forms "Gorwad Panch Tirth".

Gorwar
Godwad or Godwar, (in different periods also called Chandravati Kingdom, Sirohi State) is a region of Rajasthan state in India, which lies in the southwest of Rajasthan and borders the state of Gujarat.
Boana maculateralis
The stained tree frog (Boana maculateralis) is a frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru.  Scientists have seen it between 186 and 354 meters above sea level.

This is a medium-sized frog with large eyes and large climbing disks on its toes.  The adult male frog measures 31.9 to 39.2 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female frog is 32.0 to 55.3 mm.  It has light brown skin with darker marks.  Some individuals have a single line from the head to the middle of the back.  Some indidivudals have small brown spots.  Larger females have blue coloration on their flanks.  Males have lighter or white coloration on their flanks.  This frog has prominent spikes near its vent.

This frog is sympatric with Boana calcarata, Boana alfaroi, Boana calcarata, and possibly Boana tetete.

This frog is nocturnal.  It lives in forests.  Scientists have observed it perched on plants 2 meters above the ground.

The Latin name of this frog means "stains on its sides".

Sympatry
In biology, two closely related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter each other. An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation – which prevents hybrid offspring from being viable or able to reproduce, thereby reducing gene flow – that results in genetic divergence. Sympatric speciation may, but need not, arise through secondary contact, which refers to speciation or divergence in allopatry followed by range expansions leading to an area of sympatry. Sympatric species or taxa in secondary contact may or may not interbreed.
Fremouw Formation
The Fremouw Formation is a Triassic-age rock formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of the Ross Depenency of Antarctica. It contains the oldest known fossils of tetrapods from Antarctica, including synapsids, reptiles and amphibians. Fossilized trees have also been found. The formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. During the Triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70–75°S latitude.

Transantarctic Mountains
The Transantarctic Mountains (abbreviated TAM) comprise a mountain range of uplifted rock (primarily sedimentary) in Antarctica which extends, with some interruptions, across the continent from Cape Adare in northern Victoria Land to Coats Land. These mountains divide East Antarctica and West Antarctica. They include a number of separately named mountain groups, which are often again subdivided into smaller ranges.

The range was first sighted by James Clark Ross in 1841 at what was later named the Ross Ice Shelf in his honour. It was first crossed during the British National Antarctic Expedition of 1901-1904.
Rolf Lindemann
Rolf Lindemann (30 March 1942 – 27 June 2012) was a Norwegian physician.

He took his medical education at the University of Heidelberg, graduating in 1967. He started as a specialist in pediatrics in 1976 and took the dr.med. degree in 1977. He worked at Rikshospitalet until 1979, when he was hired at Ullevål Hospital. He was one of the country's leading specialists in neonatal medicine. As such he was also a researcher and lecturer in medicine at the University of Oslo. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 2009, and in 2012 he was proclaimed an honorary member of the Norwegian Society of Pediatricians. He died in June 2012, only three days before his retirement.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Ericaceous bed
An ericaceous bed is a bed (or garden) with acidic and often nutrient-poor soil such as ericaceous compost and different types of peat. The pH of the soil is typically between 4.5 and 6. The purpose is to grow a number of garden plants which require (or thrive best in) acidic soil. Such plants commonly include heathers (Erica, Calluna, rhododendrons and camellias). Another group of plants common in ericaceous beds are those belonging to the boreal coniferous forest, e.g. Vaccinium (blueberries). A number of orchids also grow well in nutrient-poor soil. Ericaceous fertilizer can be applied to plants that require acidic, but not nutrient-poor, soil.

Botanically, plants with ericoid mycorrhizas grow successfully on mor humus soils in which low pH and high organic acid levels combine to exclude many other species. The mycorrhiza facilitates the growth of the ericaceous plants, mainly by selectively de-toxifying the environment.

Calluna
Calluna vulgaris, common heather, ling, or simply heather, is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the flowering plant family Ericaceae. It is a low-growing evergreen shrub growing to 20 to 50 centimetres (8 to 20 in) tall, or rarely to 1 metre (40 in) and taller, and is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade.

It is the dominant plant in most heathland and moorland in Europe, and in some bog vegetation and acidic pine and oak woodland.  It is tolerant of grazing and regenerates following occasional burning, and is often managed in nature reserves and grouse moors by sheep or cattle grazing, and also by light burning.
Aita Põldma
Aita Põldma (until 1972 Aita Kree; born 21 January 1949) is an Estonian tennis player and tennis coach.

She was born in Tallinn. In 1971 she graduated from Tallinn Pedagogical Institute's Institute of Physical Education.

She started her tennis exercising in 1959, coached by her father Evald Kree. 1965–1978 she won several medals at Estonian Championships, including gold medal in double tennis. She was a member of Estonian national tennis team. In total he competed 47 times for the team.

Since 1982 she has been a tennis coach. Students: Maret Ani, Margit Rüütel.

Awards:

2019 lifetime award of European Tennis Federation

Tallinn University
Tallinn University (TLU; Estonian: Tallinna Ülikool, TLÜ) is a public research university in Estonia. Located in the centre of Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, Tallinn University is one of the three largest institutions of higher education in the country. Both QS World University and Times Higher Education rankings place it among the top 1000 universities in the world.
OV3-2
Orbiting Vehicle 3-2 (also known as OV3-2), launched 28 October 1966, was the fourth satellite to be launched in the OV3 series of the United States Air Force's Orbiting Vehicle program. The satellite measured charged particles in orbit, mapping irregularities in the ionosphere, particularly the auroral zone. OV3-2 reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 29 September 1971.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Kuwait Handball League
The Kuwaiti Handball League ( Arabic : الدوري الكويتي لكرة اليد للرجال ) is the highest level of men's Handball in Kuwait and it is organized by the Kuwait Handball Association.
Kuwaiti Handball League is currently contested by 14 clubs around the country as of the last season 2024–25.

The regular season is played by 14 teams, playing each other twice, once at home and once away from home. After that the final Champion is defined by the team with the most points in the ranking table, the last placed two teams were automatically relegated to the second division.

Kuwait Handball Association
The Kuwait Handball Association (Arabic: الاتحاد الكويتي لكرة اليد) (KHA) is the  administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in State of Kuwait. KHA is a founder member of the Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and member of the International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1970. Handball in Kuwait was founded by Sheikh Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, who is a member of House of Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait. He was also the first President of KHA.
Niangua darter
The Niangua darter (Etheostoma nianguae)  is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to Missouri, United States.  It is found only in the Osage River Basin of central Missouri where its range historically included the Sac River, Pomme de Terre River, Niangua River, Big Tavern Creek, and Maries River. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

Osage River
The Osage River is a 276-mile-long (444 km) tributary of the Missouri River in central Missouri in the United States. The eighth-largest river in the state, it drains a mostly rural area of 15,300 square miles (40,000 km2). The watershed includes an area of east-central Kansas and a large portion of west-central and central Missouri, where it drains northwest areas of the Ozark Plateau.

The river flows generally easterly, then northeasterly for the final 80 miles (130 km) where it joins the Missouri River. It is impounded in two major locations. Most of the river has been converted into a chain of two reservoirs, the Harry S. Truman Reservoir and the Lake of the Ozarks.
Sainte-Jamme-sur-Sarthe
Sainte-Jamme-sur-Sarthe (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t ʒam syʁ saʁt], literally Sainte-Jamme on Sarthe) is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France.

The area was host to a knighting tournament attended by William Marshal, 1st Earl Pembroke, in 1166.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire (French pronunciation: [pe.i d(ə) la lwaʁ]) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located on the country's Atlantic coast. It was created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital and most populated city, Nantes, one of a handful of French "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). In 2020, Pays de la Loire had a population of 3,832,120.