hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Alexander Brewer
James Alexander Brewer (25 February 1818 – 10 January 1886) was a naturalist, plant-collector, botanist, a writer of local floras, a beetle-collector, and a postmaster in the British Post Office. He was a member of the Botanical Society of London, a member of the Linnean Society of London, and the first honorary secretary of the 'Holmesdale Natural History Club' in Reigate, in the Vale of Homesdale.

In 1856 he published a New flora of the neighborhood of Reigate, Surrey, and in 1861 he was asked by the 'Holmesdale Natural History Club' to edit for publication the manuscript of John Drew Salmons on the Flora of Surrey.

Brewer was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London in 1856.

He collected plants and insects in Great Britain and Australia.

Brewer died on 10 January 1886 in Tonbridge, Kent.

The standard author abbreviation Brewer is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Tonbridge
Tonbridge (/ˈtʌnbrɪdʒ/ TUN-brij) (historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in Kent, England, on the River Medway, 4 miles (6 km) north of Royal Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles (19 km) south west of Maidstone and 29 miles (47 km) south east of London. In the administrative borough of Tonbridge and Malling, it had an estimated population of 41,293 in 2019.
B. M. Idinabba
B. M. Idinabba (17 September 1920 – 11 April 2009) was a prominent Kannada poet, journalist, freedom fighter, politician and a Kannada activist from Karnataka. He was a member of Congress party and was elected as a MLA three times in the Karnataka state assembly from Ullal constituency. He was one of the activists who fought for the unification of the Kasaragod district of Kerala into the Karnataka state. He has got the credit of being the first president of the Beary Sahithya Sammelana (Beary Literature Summit). He has received many prestigious awards including Rajyotsava Prashasti.

Freedom fighter
A freedom fighter is a person engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom, particularly against an established government. The term is typically reserved for those who are actively involved in armed or otherwise violent rebellion.
Yinma River
The Yinma River (Chinese: 饮马河; pinyin: Yǐnmǎ Hé) is a 386.8-km-long tributary of the Second Songhua River in the center of Jilin province of China. The source of the river is located in Yitong Manchu Autonomous County and flows generally from south to north through Panshi、Jiutai、Dehui to join the Second Songhua River at Kaoshan in Nong'an County.

Jiutai, Changchun
Jiutai (Chinese: 九台; pinyin: Jiǔtái; lit. 'nine platforms') is one of seven districts of the prefecture-level city of Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province, Northeast China. The district is surrounded by agricultural areas and is located around 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of downtown Changchun.  Coal mining also is present in Jiutai. It borders Dehui to the north, Erdao District to the southwest, Kuancheng District to the west, as well as the prefecture-level city of Jilin to the south and east.
Stalin ministry
Stalin ministry could refer to:

Stalin's first government (1941-46), headed by Joseph Stalin

Stalin's second government (1946-50), headed by Joseph Stalin

Stalin's third government (1950-53), headed by Joseph Stalin

M. K. Stalin ministry, (2021-) headed by M. K. Stalin in Tamil Nadu, India

Stalin's third government
The Third Government of Stalin was the cabinet of the Soviet Union established in 1950 with Joseph Stalin as head of government, serving as president of the Council of Ministers. It functioned until March 15, 1953, with the death of Stalin, when Georgy Malenkov succeeded him as president of the Council of Ministers.
Wrocław Airport
Nicolaus Copernicus Wrocław Airport (Polish: Port lotniczy Wrocław im. Mikołaja Kopernika) (IATA: WRO, ICAO: EPWR) is an international civil-military airport in Wrocław in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland. It is Poland's 5th busiest airport. In 2023, it handled over 3.8 million passengers. The airport is located ten kilometres (six miles) west of the city centre, at ul. Graniczna 190. It has one runway, one passenger terminal, one cargo terminal and one general aviation terminal. Wrocław Airport is also often used by Polish Air Force, US Air Force, NATO air force and Heavy Airlift Wing.

Polish Air Force
The Polish Air Force (Polish: Siły Powietrzne, lit. 'Air Forces') is the aerial warfare branch of the Polish Armed Forces. Until July 2004 it was officially known as Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej (lit. 'Aerial and Air Defense Forces'). In 2014 it consisted of roughly 26,000 military personnel and about 475 aircraft, distributed among ten bases throughout Poland.

The Polish Air Force can trace its origins to the second half of 1917 and was officially established in the months following the end of World War I in 1918. During the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in 1939, 70% of its aircraft were destroyed. Most pilots, after the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, escaped via Romania and Hungary to continue fighting throughout World War II in allied air forces, first in France, then in Britain, and later also the Soviet Union.
Arco (video game)
Arco is a 2024 Western-themed turn‐based strategy RPG. It was made by an international team including Polish pixel artist Franek Nowotniak, Australian game developer Max Cahill, Spanish composer and sound designer José Ramón "Bibiki" García, and Mexican developer Antonio "Fayer" Uribe, and published by Panic Inc.⁠

The game was released on 15 August 2024 for Windows, Mac, and Nintendo Switch, and was praised by critics for its art style, combat system, story, and setting.

Turn-based tactics
Turn-based tactics (TBT) is a sub-genre of strategy video games. They are turn-based simulations of operational warfare and military tactics in generally small-scale confrontations as opposed to more strategic considerations of turn-based strategy (TBS) games.  Turn-based tactical gameplay is characterized by the expectation of players to complete their tasks using only the combat forces provided to them in a generally realistic (or at least believable) manner.
Kinta 1881
Kinta 1881 is a 2007 Malaysian martial arts-action film. The film was the first Malaysian film in martial arts genre, such as Cicak Man for first Malaysian superhero film. Although being a Malaysian film, its language is Chinese.  It was ported to the US, dubbed, and retitled Four Dragons in 2008.

Superhero film
The superhero film is a film genre categorized by the presence of superhero characters, individuals with extraordinary abilities who are dedicated to fighting crime, saving the world, or helping the innocent. It is sometimes considered a sub-genre of the action film genre and has evolved into one of the most financially successful film genres worldwide. These films focus on superhuman abilities, advanced technology, mystical phenomena, or exceptional physical and mental skills that enable these heroes to fight for the common good or defeat a supervillain antagonist.

Superhero films typically include genre elements of romance, comedy, fantasy, and science fiction, with large instances of the superhero genre predominantly occupied and produced by American media franchises DC and Marvel, originally adaptations of their existing works of superhero comic books. Individual superhero films frequently contain a character's origin story.
Stylidium simulans
Stylidium simulans is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae) that was described by Sherwin Carlquist in 1979. It is an erect annual plant that grows from 7 to 11 cm tall. Orbicular leaves, about 4-10 per plant, form basal rosettes. The leaves are generally 3–5.5 mm long and 1.5-3.5 mm wide. This species generally has one or two scapes and cymose inflorescences that are 7–11 cm long. Flowers are pale pink or mauve. S. simulans is endemic to the Arnhem Land plateau in the Northern Territory of Australia, but not much more is known about its distribution as it is only known from around its type location. Its reported habitat is in shallow sandy soils on a sandstone plateau. It flowers in the Southern Hemisphere in June. S. simulans is closely related to S. accedens. Its conservation status has been assessed as data deficient.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Chak Peak
Chak Peak is a 2,775-metre (9,104-foot) mountain summit located in the Athabasca River valley of Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Chak is a name derived from the Stoney language meaning "eagle". Precipitation runoff from Chak Peak drains into Portal Creek and Astoria River which are both tributaries of the Athabasca River.

Astoria River
The Astoria River is a short river in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. It is an early tributary of the Athabasca River.

The Astoria forms in the Tonquin Valley, collecting meltwater from the Fraser Glacier, The Ramparts, Mount Erebus, Mount Clitheroe, and Oldhorn Mountain.

The Astoria River, as well as nearby Astoria Pass, are named after John Jacob Astor. Fur traders of the American Fur Company, owned by Astor, traveled east over Athabasca Pass from Fort Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia River.
Amara Deepam (1956 film)
Amara Deepam (transl. The Eternal Lamp) is a 1956 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed and co-written by T. Prakash Rao. A remake of the 1942 American film Random Harvest, it stars Sivaji Ganesan, Savitri and Padmini. The film, produced by Venus Pictures, was released on 29 June 1956. It was remade in Hindi as Amardeep (1958).

Padmini (actress)
Padmini Ramachandran  (13 December 1932 – 24 September 2006) was an Indian actress and Bharatanatyam dancer, who acted in over 250 Indian films. She acted in Tamil, Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu and Russian language films. Padmini, her elder sister Lalitha and her younger sister Ragini, were collectively called the "Travancore sisters".
Vanadium(V) oxide
Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) is the inorganic compound with the formula V2O5.  Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a dark yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange.  Because of its high oxidation state, it is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent. From the industrial perspective, it is the most important compound of vanadium, being the principal precursor to alloys of vanadium and is a widely used industrial catalyst.

The mineral form of this compound, shcherbinaite, is extremely rare, almost always found among fumaroles. A mineral trihydrate, V2O5·3H2O, is also known under the name of navajoite.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
The Bachelorette India
The Bachelorette India (tagline: Mere Khayaalon ki Mallika) is an Indian television reality show. which featured Bollywood actor Mallika Sherawat who set out to find "the perfect bachelor" for herself. It aired on Life OK.

Life OK
Life OK was an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India. The channel was launched on 18 December 2011 at 1:00 AM, replacing Star One.

It also started airing in the United States on 1 March 2012, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 28 May of that same year. It launched its own high-definition feed in October 2012.

On 9 September 2012, the channel's mythological drama Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev recorded a Television Viewership Rating (TVR) of 8.2, marking its highest Television Rating Point (TRP) of 167.[4].

The channel was rebranded as Star Bharat on 28 August 2017.
Solre
Solre is a river in France that runs in the Département Nord in the region Hauts-de-France. It originates from the confluence of two source streams at Solre-le-Château, in the  Avesnois Regional Nature Park. The river generally drains to the northwest and empties at 22.4 kilometers east of Maubeuge, in the municipality of Rousies, as a right tributary to the channeled Sambre.

Maubeuge
Maubeuge (French pronunciation: [mobøʒ]; historical Dutch: Mabuse or Dutch: Malbode; Picard: Maubeuche) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It is situated on both banks of the Sambre (here canalized), 36 km (22 mi) east of Valenciennes and about 9 km (5.6 mi) from the Belgian border.
Tango n' Vectif
Tango n' Vectif is the debut studio album by English electronic music producers Mike Paradinas and Francis Naughton under the stage name μ-Ziq. It was released in November 1993 by Rephlex. The cover photo of the original release was taken by Richard D. James.

Tango n' Vectif was re-released on 1 October 2001 as a double CD with additional tracks that were on the original vinyl and CD releases as well as the "Phi * 1700" single.

Mike Paradinas
Michael Robert Paradinas (born 26 September 1971), better known by his stage name μ-Ziq (pronounced "music" or mu-zik), is an English electronic musician from Wimbledon, London. He was associated with the electronic style intelligent dance music (IDM) during the 1990s, and recorded on Rephlex Records and Reflective Records. His critically acclaimed 1997 album, Lunatic Harness, helped define the drill 'n' bass subgenre and was also his most successful release, selling over 100,000 copies. Paradinas founded the record label Planet Mu, begun in 1995, where he has championed genres such as juke, IDM and footwork.
About a Burning Fire
About a Burning Fire is the fourth album by post-hardcore band Blindside. It was released on February 24, 2004 through Elektra and 3 Points Records. The album charted at 39 on the Billboard top 200 which was even higher than their previous album, Silence which charted at 89 for 9 weeks straight. The album is also notable for featuring The Smashing Pumpkins' Billy Corgan on the track "Hooray, It's L.A." as well as being featured on the soundtrack for the video game Need For Speed Underground.

"All of Us" became the album's lead single. Its music video features a young man chasing after a woman through a dead, leafless forest. In his desperation, the man's arms begin to stretch out to her in a feat similar to Mr. Fantastic's. The video aired considerably on Fuse TV.

Fuse (TV channel)
Fuse is an American television channel owned by Fuse Media, LLC, that was originally launched in 1994 as MuchMusic USA, a localized version of the Canadian cable channel MuchMusic, owned by CHUM Limited which was also the parent company of Citytv in Toronto and was dedicated to music-based programming; the channel relaunched under its current branding in 2003. Fuse was acquired by SiTV Media in 2014 and, after merging with the Latino-oriented NuvoTV in 2015, would shift its focus to general entertainment and lifestyle programming targeting multicultural young adults.

By February 2015, Fuse was available to approximately 71,491,000 pay television households (61.4% of households with television) in the United States. With a number of cable operators discontinuing their carriage in the years since, the channel currently has an availability of around 34 million pay television households as of 2022.
Peetu Piiroinen
Peetu  (born 15 February 1988) is a Finnish snowboarder. He is a three-time Olympian representing Finland in snowboarding at the 2010 Winter Olympics, 2014 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Olympics. Peetu made the finals in all 3 Olympics and won the silver medal at the 2010 Games.

Snowboarding at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's slopestyle
The men's slopestyle competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi were held at Rosa Khutor Extreme Park on 6 February  (qualification) and 8 February (semifinals and final). This was the first time that a slopestyle event was included in the Olympic program.

Norwegian snowboarder Torstein Horgmo, who was considered one of the medal contenders, fractured his collarbone after a crash in practice in the week before the Games, and had to miss the Olympics. His crash and complaints from other athletes that some jumps were too steep have prompted organizers to modify the slopestyle course.

The gold was won by American Sage Kotsenburg, followed by Norwegian Ståle Sandbech at silver place, and Canadian Mark McMorris won the bronze medal.
Solar eclipse of August 21, 1560
A total solar eclipse occurred on August 21, 1560. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. It's an astronomical phenomenon where, during the moon's orbit around Earth, it passes in from the Sun and causes a solar eclipse. People can't view it with the naked eye, with consequences are horrible as losing your eyesight. Most of the first stages of a solar eclipse can be visible with the naked eye. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometers wide. This eclipse is part of solar Saros 118.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Beverstedt
Beverstedt is a municipality in the district of Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km southeast of Bremerhaven, and 40 km north of Bremen.

Beverstedt belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.

Beverstedt was the seat of the former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Beverstedt.

Samtgemeinde
A Samtgemeinde (German pronunciation: ['zamtgəˌmaɪndə] ⓘ, lit. 'collective municipality'; plural: Samtgemeinden) is a type of administrative division in Lower Saxony, Germany. Samtgemeinden are local government associations of municipalities, equivalent to the Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg, and the Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate.
New Forms of Worker Organization
New Forms of Worker Organization: The Syndicalist and Autonomist Restoration of Class-Struggle Unionism is a 2014 book edited by Immanuel Ness with case studies of contemporaneous workers' control and direct action in the labor movement.

Direct action
Direct action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. The aim of direct action is to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.

Direct action may include activities, that can be either violent or nonviolent, targeting people, groups, institutions, actions, or property that its participants deem objectionable. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. Nonviolent direct action may include peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics.
Hansen (surname)
Hansen or Hanssen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhænsn̩]) is a Scandinavian patronymic surname, meaning "son of Hans". As of 2008, it is the third most common surname in Denmark, shared by 4.3% of the population. As of 2000, Hansen is the single most common surname in Norway, not counting spelling variations such as Hanssen, which are also quite common. In the Faroe Islands, Hansen is the second most common surname, while in the North German federal states of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg, it is the third and fifth most common surname, respectively.
In Sweden the parallel form is Hansson. The frequent occurrences of Hansen as a surname outside Denmark, Norway and Schleswig-Holstein is due to Danish immigration, though Nordic immigrants to English-speaking countries often anglicised their names to Hanson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules.

Errol Flynn
Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn (20 June 1909 – 14 October 1959) was an Australian and American actor who achieved worldwide fame during the Golden Age of Hollywood. He was known for his romantic swashbuckler roles, frequent partnerships with Olivia de Havilland and reputation for his womanising and hedonistic personal life.

Flynn's roles include Robin Hood in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), which was later named by the American Film Institute as the 18th-greatest hero in American film history; the lead role in Captain Blood (1935); Major Geoffrey Vickers in The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936); and as the hero in a number of Westerns such as Dodge City (1939), Santa Fe Trail, Virginia City (both 1940) and San Antonio (1945).

Flynn was posthumously awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion picture and television industries in 1960.
Chido Govera
Chido  Govera is a farmer, campaigner, and educator based in Zimbabwe. The founder of The Future of Hope Foundation, she has promoted mushroom cultivation as a sustainable source of food and income in impoverished regions of the world.

Fungiculture
Fungiculture is the cultivation of fungi such as mushrooms. Cultivating fungi can yield foods (which include mostly mushrooms), medicine, construction materials and other products. A mushroom farm is involved in the business of growing fungi.

The word is also commonly used to refer to the practice of cultivation of fungi by animals such as leafcutter ants, termites, ambrosia beetles, and marsh periwinkles.
Métropole Toulon Provence Méditerranée
The Métropole Toulon Provence Méditerranée (French pronunciation: [metʁɔpɔl tulɔ̃ pʁɔvɑ̃s meditɛʁane]) is the métropole, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Toulon. It is located in the Var department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, southeastern France. It was created in January 2018, replacing the communauté d'agglomération that had been created in December 2001. Its area is 366.4 km2. Its population was 438,985 in 2018, of which 176,198 in Toulon proper.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.