hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osman Mirzayev
Osman Mirzayev (Azerbaijani: Osman Mirzayev Mirzabeyoğlu; April 13, 1937 – November 20, 1991) was an Azerbaijani journalist, writer and publicist in Soviet Azerbaijan, then part of the USSR. He was the father of journalist Sevinj Osmanqizi.

Osman Mirzayev is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of independent journalism in Azerbaijan. He came to prominence as a presenter of Dalga (Wave), Azerbaijan's first political TV programme, and through his investigative articles about political repression and persecution in the Soviet Azerbaijan and books We Only Live Once, Eagle in Flight, Drop and Lake and many other writings. Mirzayev's book Adlarimiz (Our Names) reviews the origins and meanings of the most popular first names in Azerbaijan.

1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
On November 20, 1991, an Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 military helicopter, carrying a peacekeeping mission team consisting of 13 Azerbaijani government officials, two Russian and one Kazakhstani Ministry of Internal Affairs officials, three Azerbaijani journalists and three helicopter crew was shot down amidst heavy fighting near the village of Berdashen, also known as Karakend, in Nagorno-Karabakh. All 22 people (19 passengers and three crew) on board were killed in the crash.  The incident is known in Azerbaijan as the ''Karakend tragedy''.
Guijoso
Guijoso is a Vino de Pago from Spain. This is the highest category on the quality scale of Spanish wines and means that in addition to having a proven track record of consistent quality, the wines have to be both produced from estate-grown grapes and also have to be processed and aged in a winery (bodega) located on the estate.

The winery and vineyards are in the Guijoso estate, located in the municipality of El Bonillo, in the province of Albacete (Castile-La Mancha, Spain) and acquired its status in April 2005. It is very close to the Lagunas de Ruidera, an area of wetlands and natural reserve, and is the source of the river Pinilla.

The whole estate is about 3,000 ha in area. About half this area is cultivated and the other half is low mountain scrubland used for hunting. There are installations on the estate for livestock, olives, vines and the winery.

Lagunas de Ruidera
The Lagunas de Ruidera are a group of small lakes in the Campo de Montiel, Castilla-La Mancha, between Albacete Province, and Ciudad Real Province, Spain. Most of the lakes are interconnected and their total water amount may reach 23.06 hm3, which is considerable by the standards of other lakes in the Iberian Peninsula.

The largest lakes are Laguna Colgada and Laguna del Rey. The area near the lakes is a tourist site, with small hotels, restaurants, camping sites and private villas, located mostly in or around Ruidera town. The area can be reached from Ossa de Montiel or Villahermosa.
Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome
Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes developmental delay, unusual facial features, short stature, and reduction in muscle tone (hypotonia).  The syndrome was originally described in 1989 by Hans-Rudolf Wiedemann.  The genetic basis for the syndrome was identified by Dr. Wendy D. Jones in 2012.  The first case was reported in 1989 by Wiedemann and colleagues which reported a Caucasian boy with pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, psychomotor delay, and a round and flat face, short nose, widely spaced eyes, long philtrum, short palpebral fissures, low-set ears, and high-arched palate. Other findings included an alternating convergent squint, dilatation of the renal calyces, and short and thick limbs. Later decades brought about more finding and descriptions of this disorder.

Facies (medical)
In medical contexts, a facies is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with a specific medical condition. The term comes from Latin for "face". As a fifth declension noun, facies can be both singular and plural.
On a Red Station, Drifting
On a Red Station, Drifting is a 2012 science fiction novella by Aliette de Bodard. Set in her Xuya Universe, it focuses on two women aboard a space station with a failing artificial intelligence. It received critical acclaim, becoming a finalist for the 2012 Nebula Award for Best Novella, the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novella, and the 2013 Locus Award for Best Novella.

Locus Award for Best Novella
The Locus Award for Best Novella is one of a number of Locus Awards given out each year by Locus magazine. Awards presented in a given year are for works published in the previous calendar year.

The first award in this category was presented in 1973.
Endothelium
The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries.

These cells have unique functions that include fluid filtration, such as in the glomerulus of the kidney, blood vessel tone, hemostasis, neutrophil recruitment, and hormone trafficking. Endothelium of the interior surfaces of the heart chambers is called endocardium. An impaired function can lead to serious health issues throughout the body.

Muscle tone
In physiology, medicine, and anatomy, muscle tone (residual muscle tension or tonus) is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, or the muscle's resistance to passive stretch during resting state. It helps to maintain posture and declines during REM sleep. Muscle tone is regulated by the activity of the motor neurons and can be affected by various factors, including age, disease, and nerve damage.
Oizys
In Greek mythology, Oizys (/ˈoʊɪzɪs/; Ancient Greek: Ὀϊζύς, romanized: Oïzús, lit. 'misery'), or Oezys (Οἰζύς), is the personification of pain or distress. In Hesiod's Theogony, Oizys is one of the offspring of Nyx (Night), produced without the assistance of a father. Oizys has no distinct mythology of her own.

According to the Roman authors Cicero and Hyginus, "Miseria" (Misery) is one of the offspring of the Nox (Night, the Roman equivalent of Nyx) and Erebus.

Loeb Classical Library
The Loeb Classical Library (LCL; named after James Loeb; /loʊb/, German: [løːp]) is a monographic series of books originally published by Heinemann and since 1934 by Harvard University Press. It has bilingual editions of ancient Greek and Latin literature, with the original Greek or Latin text on the left-hand page and a fairly literal translation on the facing page.
Lyon Capitale
Lyon Capitale (French pronunciation: [ljɔ̃ kapital]) is a French monthly magazine, created in 1994, about Lyon and its region Rhône-Alpes. It is owned by French billionaire businessman Christian Latouche.

Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ʁon alp] ⓘ) was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the river Rhône and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region.
St Cyprian's, Clarence Gate
St Cyprian's Church is a parish church of the Church of England in the Marylebone district of London. The church was consecrated in 1903, but the parish was founded in 1866.

It is dedicated to Cyprian, a third-century martyr and bishop of Carthage and is near the Clarence Gate Gardens entrance to Regent's Park, off Baker Street. The present church was designed by Ninian Comper and is a Grade II* listed building.

Sounding board
A sounding board, also known as a tester and abat-voix is a structure placed above and sometimes also behind a pulpit or other speaking platform that helps to project the sound of the speaker. It is usually made of wood.  The structure may be specially shaped to assist the projection, for example, being formed as a parabolic reflector. In the typical setting of a church building, the sounding board may be ornately carved or constructed. The term "abat-voix," from the French word for the same thing (abattre (“to beat down”) + voix (“voice”)), is also used in English.
Politeness
Politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette so as not to offend others and to put them at ease. It is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered polite in one culture can sometimes be quite rude or simply eccentric in another cultural context.

While the goal of politeness is to refrain from behaving in an offensive way so as not to offend others, and to make all people feel relaxed and comfortable with one another, these culturally defined standards at times may be broken within the context of personal boundaries – this is known as positive politeness.

The Spectator (1711)
The Spectator was a daily publication published by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele in London, England, from 1711 to 1712. Each "paper", or "number", was approximately 2,500 words long, and often featured an essay or letters on politics or the arts. They were read by many thousands of people, both in England and abroad, including many of the American Founding Fathers.

The original run consisted of 555 numbers, beginning on 1 March 1711. These were collected into seven volumes. The paper was revived without the involvement of Steele in 1714, appearing three times a week for six months, and these papers when collected formed the eighth volume. Eustace Budgell, a cousin of Addison's, and the poet John Hughes also contributed to the publication.
Seri, Dailekh
Seri (Nepali: सेरी) is a Village Development Committee in Dailekh District in the Bheri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1692 people residing in 291 individual households.

Bheri Zone
Bheri Zone (Nepali: भेरी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal. Nepalgunj were the administrative headquarters.

Cities and towns were Narayan, Jajarkot and Chhinchu in the "hills"; Nepalgunj, Gularia and Kohalpur in Terai; and Birendranagar in Surkhet Valley in the Inner Terai.
Señorita Panamá 2004
Señorita Panamá 2004 was the 22nd Señorita Panamá pageant and 39th celebration of the Miss Panama contest. It was held in National Theatre of Panama in Panama City, Panama, on September 11, 2004, after weeks of events. The winner of the pageant was Rosa María Hernández.

The pageant was broadcast live on RPC Televisión. About 12 contestants from all over Panamá competed for the prestigious crown. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, outgoing titleholder Señorita Panamá 2003 Jessica Rodríguez crowned Rosa María Hernández of Los Santos as the new Señorita Panamá.

Hernández competed in the 54th edition of the Miss Universe 2005 pageant, at the Impact Arena, Bangkok, Thailand on May 31, 2005.

RPC Televisión
RPC-TV is a television network, and is headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with repeaters throughout the country. RPC is the oldest commercial TV station in Panama, airing imported shows, programming for kids, and local and international sporting events.
Meriana
Meriana was a town of ancient Cilicia, inhabited in Roman times. The name does not occur among ancient authors but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.

It is located in Asiatic Turkey, between the Kravga and Esen neighborhoods (Mahallesi) of Göksu village, which is part of the Mut district in Mersin province.

Göksu, Mut
Göksu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mut, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,799 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). The town is inhabited by Tahtacı.
Koyashskoye Salt Lake
Koyashskoye (Russian: Кояшское озеро) or Koiaske (Ukrainian: Кояське озеро) is a salt lake on the coast of the Kerch Peninsula in Crimea, separated from the Black Sea by a strip of land. It is 4 kilometers long, 2 kilometers wide and a meter deep. The lake has the particularity to have a pink to scarlet color, depending on the light, due to the presence of microscopic algae living in the water. When the water evaporates, the salt in the lake crystallizes on the stones and the shores, producing crystal stones and the scent of viola. Uzunlarske Lake is located directly west.

This location is considered healing and is appreciated by some locals. It is not widely known to tourists.

Pink
Pink is a pale tint of red or rose, the color of the pink flower. It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century. A combination of pink and white is associated with innocence, whereas a combination of pink and black links to eroticism and seduction.

In the 21st century, pink is seen as a symbol of femininity, though it has not always been seen this way. Prior to the second half of the 20th century, pink frequently reflected masculinity. Scholars have linked the decisive feminization of pink to the emergence of Barbie in 1959.
Canadian Centenary Series
The Canadian Centenary Series  is a nineteen-volume history of Canada published between 1963 and 1987 as an extended Canadian Centennial project. The collection resulted from the initiative of two of Canada's leading 20th century historians, W. L. Morton and D. G. Creighton.  Morton served as the initial executive editor, and Creighton served as the advisory editor. The editors approached leading Canadian historians to write the individual volumes. The series was published by the Canadian publishing house, McClelland & Stewart.

One of the volumes, Lower Canada, 1791–1840: Social Change and Nationalism by Fernand Ouellette was also published in French and won the Governor General's Award for French language non-fiction.  Another volume, Canada 1922–1939:  Decades of Discord by John Herd Thompson and Alan Seager, was shortlisted for the 1985 Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction.

Fernand Ouellette
Fernand Ouellette (24 September 1930 – 3 February 2026) was a Canadian Quebecois writer who wrote in French. He was a three-time winner of the Governor General's Awards, having won the Governor General's Award for French-language non-fiction at the 1970 Governor General's Awards for Les actes retrouvés, the Governor General's Award for French-language fiction at the 1985 Governor General's Awards for Lucie ou un midi en novembre, and the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry at the 1987 Governor General's Awards for Les Heures.

Ouellette was born in Montreal, Quebec on 24 September 1930. He died on 3 February 2026, at the age of 95.
GATC (gene)
Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase, subunit C homolog (bacterial) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GATC  gene. The gene is also known as 15E1.2 and encodes part of a Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase enzyme.

Glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
Glu-tRNAGln amidotransferase or glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) enzyme (EC 6.3.5.7) is an amidotransferase that catalyzes the conversion of the non-cognate amino acid glutamyl-tRNAGln to the cognate glutaminyl-tRNAGln.. It catalyzes the reaction:

ATP + glutamyl-tRNAGln + L-glutamine  ADP + phosphate + glutaminyl-tRNAGln + L-glutamate

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is glutamyl-tRNAGln:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme participates in glutamate metabolism and alanine and aspartate metabolism.
Hypothermia cap
A hypothermia cap (also referred to as cold cap or cooling cap) is a therapeutic device used to cool the human scalp. Its most prominent medical applications are in preventing or reducing alopecia in chemotherapy, and for preventing cerebral palsy in babies born with neonatal encephalopathy caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). It can also be used to provide neuroprotection after cardiac arrest, to inhibit stroke paralysis, and as cryotherapy for migraine headaches.

Worn tight on the head, hypothermia caps are typically made of a synthetic such as neoprene, silicone or polyurethane, and filled with a coolant agent such as ice or gel which is either frozen to a very cold temperature (−25 to −30 °C (−13 to −22 °F)) before application or continuously cooled by an auxiliary control unit.

In the United States a course of treatment may cost US$1,500 to US$3,000.

Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, which can be expressed as a differential equation.
Family Viewing
Family Viewing is a 1987 Canadian drama film. The second feature directed by Atom Egoyan, it stars David Hemblen, Aidan Tierney, Gabrielle Rose, Arsinée Khanjian, and Selma Keklikian. The plot follows a young man from a dysfunctional family who fakes his beloved grandmother's death with the help of a phone sex worker, as his home movie-obsessed father dominates his life.

Arsinée Khanjian
Arsinée Khanjian (Western Armenian: Արսինէ Խանճեան, Eastern Armenian: Արսինե Խանջյան; Arabic: آرسينيه خانجيان; born 6 September 1958) is a Lebanese-Canadian actress and activist. She is widely known for her collaborations with her husband, filmmaker Atom Egoyan. She won the 2003 Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role for her role in Ararat.
John Henry Schwarz
John Henry Schwarz (/ʃwɔːrts/ SHWORTS; born November 22, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist. Along with Yoichiro Nambu, Holger Bech Nielsen, Joël Scherk, Gabriele Veneziano, Michael Green, and Leonard Susskind, he is regarded as one of the founders of string theory.

Holger Bech Nielsen
Holger Bech Nielsen (born 25 August 1941) is a Danish theoretical physicist and professor emeritus at the Niels Bohr Institute, at the University of Copenhagen, where he started studying physics in 1961.
Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).

Reichsmarine
The Reichsmarine (State Navy)  was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany. It was the naval branch of the Reichswehr, existing from 1919 to 1935. In 1935, it became known as the Kriegsmarine (War Navy), a branch of the Wehrmacht; a change implemented by Adolf Hitler. Many of the administrative and organizational tenets of the Reichsmarine were then carried over into the organization of the Kriegsmarine.
1997–98 Rugby Union County Championship
The 1997–98 Tetley's Bitter Rugby Union County Championship was the 98th edition of England's County Championship rugby union club competition.

Cheshire won their third title after defeating Cornwall in the final.

Cheshire Rugby Football Union
The Cheshire Rugby Football Union (CRFU) is a rugby union governing body in the historic county of Cheshire and the Isle of Man. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Cheshire. The CRFU administers and organises rugby union clubs and competitions in the county and administers the Cheshire county rugby representative teams.
1999 Paris–Roubaix
The 1999 Paris–Roubaix was the 97th running of the Paris–Roubaix single-day cycling race, often known as the Hell of the North. It was held on 11 April 1999 over a distance of 273 kilometres (169.6 miles). These are the results for the 1999 edition of the Paris–Roubaix cycling classic, in which Andrea Tafi won and Mapei–Quick-Step team took all positions in the podium.

Mapei (cycling team)
Mapei was an Italian-based road bicycle racing team active from 1993 to 2002, named after sponsoring firm Mapei.

Mapei was one of the strongest teams during the late 1990s, and ranked as the strongest UCI team in 1994–2000 and 2002.
German Emperor
The German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈkaɪzɐ] ⓘ) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire. A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the abdication of Wilhelm II was announced on 9 November 1918. The Holy Roman Emperor is sometimes also called "German Emperor" when the historical context is clear, as derived from the Holy Roman Empire's official name of "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" from 1512.

Following the revolution of 1918, the head of state was the president of the Reich (German: Reichspräsident), beginning with Friedrich Ebert.

Hereditary monarchy
A hereditary monarchy is a form of government and succession of power in which the throne passes from one member of a ruling family to another member of the same family. A series of rulers from the same family would constitute a dynasty. It is historically the most common type of monarchy and remains the dominant form in extant monarchies.

In most extant hereditary monarchies, the typical order of succession uses some form of primogeniture, but there exist other methods such as seniority and tanistry (in which an heir-apparent is nominated from among qualified candidates). Research shows that hereditary regimes, in particular primogeniture, are more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements.
WUTF-TV
WUTF-TV (channel 27) is a television station licensed to Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language UniMás network to the Boston area. It is owned by Entravision Communications, which provides certain services to Univision-owned station WUNI (channel 66) under a joint sales agreement (JSA) with TelevisaUnivision. WUTF-TV's studios are located on 4th Avenue, and its transmitter is located on Cedar Street, both in Needham.

Doug White (news anchor)
Douglas Cameron White (October 2, 1944 – August 15, 2006) was an American news anchor.

A native of Boston, Massachusetts, and an alumnus of Bates College, White's first work in television was at WGBH-TV while at Boston University on a work fellowship.  White worked at WPRI-TV, located in Providence, Rhode Island, for six years.  He then joined NBC's WJAR-TV (later WJAR), located in Cranston, Rhode Island, in 1978, anchoring the 6:00 and 11:00 pm newscasts during that time and adding the 5:00 pm edition in 2001.

Before that, he worked at WSMW-TV in Worcester, Massachusetts, and WLBZ-TV in Bangor, Maine.

He went on medical leave in 2005 due to cancer, which was the cause of his death at his home in Warwick, Rhode Island, on August 15, 2006, at the age of 61.