hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Observed information
In statistics, the observed information, or observed Fisher information, is the negative of the second derivative (the Hessian matrix) of the "log-likelihood" (the logarithm of the likelihood function). It is a sample-based version of the Fisher information.

Hessian matrix
In mathematics, the Hessian matrix, Hessian or (less commonly) Hesse matrix is a square matrix of second-order partial derivatives of a scalar-valued function, or scalar field. It describes the local curvature of a function of many variables. The Hessian matrix was developed in the 19th century by the German mathematician Ludwig Otto Hesse and later named after him. Hesse originally used the term "functional determinants". The Hessian is sometimes denoted by H or  or  or  or .
Soke (dance)
Sōkē or eke is a Tongan group dance performed with sticks which the performers hit against each other on the beat of the drum. It has some common elements with, but is a complete independent development from the English Morris dance. As with most Tongan dances, the whole performance is to dazzle the spectators and to please the chiefs. There is no hidden purpose.

Tafahi
Tafahi is a small (1.2 km × 2.8 km or 0.75 mi × 1.74 mi) island in the north of the Tonga archipelago, in fact closer to Savaiʻi (Samoa) than to the main islands of Tonga. It is only 9 km (5.6 mi) north-northeast away from Niuatoputapu, and fishermen commute in small outboard motorboats almost daily between the two. The island has a population of 14 (in 2021).

Other names for Tafahi are Cocos Eylant (coconut island) or Boscawen island.
2011 Welsh Open (snooker)
The 2011 Welsh Open (officially the 2011 Wyldecrest Park Homes Welsh Open) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 14 and 20 February 2011 at the Newport Centre in Newport, Wales. This was the first time that the Welsh Open was sponsored by Wyldecrest Park Homes.

Stephen Hendry made the 77th official maximum break during his second round match against Stephen Maguire. This was Hendry's 10th 147 break, and with this equalled the record for most maximums with Ronnie O'Sullivan, and became the oldest player to compile a maximum break at the age of 42 years and 35 days.

John Higgins defended his title, which he won in 2010, after defeating Maguire 9–6 in the final. This was the first All-Scottish final since the 2005 Malta Cup final between Hendry and Graeme Dott.

2005 Malta Cup
The 2005 Malta Cup was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place from 31 January to 6 February 2005 at the Hilton Conference Centre in Portomaso, Malta.

Stephen Hendry won in the final 9–7 against Graeme Dott. This was the 36th and final ranking event he won in his 27-year professional career.
Mulgrave Street
Mulgrave Street is an album by the English band Amazing Blondel, released in 1974. It was their first album on the DJM Records label after leaving Island Records.

The album featured performances by Free guitarist Paul Kossoff, Curved Air and Roxy Music keyboardist and violinist Eddie Jobson, Pat Donaldson from Fotheringay, John "Rabbit" Bundrick and various members of Bad Company.

Curved Air
Curved Air are an English progressive rock group formed in 1970 by musicians from mixed artistic backgrounds, including classical, folk and electronic sound. The resulting sound of the band is a mixture of progressive rock, folk rock, and fusion with classical elements. Curved Air released eight studio albums, the first three of which broke into the Top 20 in the UK Albums Chart, and had a hit single with "Back Street Luv" (1971) which reached number 4 in the UK Singles Chart.
Mordell–Weil theorem
In mathematics, the Mordell–Weil theorem states that for an abelian variety  over a number field , the group  of K-rational points of  is a finitely-generated abelian group, called the Mordell–Weil group. The case with  an elliptic curve  and  the field of rational numbers is Mordell's theorem, answering a question apparently posed by Henri Poincaré around 1901; it was proven by Louis Mordell in 1922. It is a foundational theorem of Diophantine geometry and the arithmetic of abelian varieties.

Finitely generated abelian group
In abstract algebra, an abelian group  is called finitely generated if there exist finitely many elements  in  such that every  in  can be written in the form  for some integers . In this case, we say that the set  is a generating set of  or that  generate . So, finitely generated abelian groups can be thought of as a generalization of cyclic groups.

Every finite abelian group is finitely generated. The finitely generated abelian groups can be completely classified.
Bespyatovo
Bespyatovo (Russian: Беспятово) is the name of several rural localities in Moscow Oblast, Russia:

Bespyatovo, Stupinsky District, Moscow Oblast, a village in Aksinyinskoye Rural Settlement of Stupinsky District

Bespyatovo, Zaraysky District, Moscow Oblast, a village in Gololobovskoye Rural Settlement of Zaraysky District

Zaraysky District
Zaraysky District (Russian: Зара́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 967.68 square kilometers (373.62 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zaraysk. Population: 41,912 (2010 Census);  41,974 (2002 Census); 18,104 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zaraysk accounts for 58.8% of the district's total population.
Merrinee
Merrinee is a locality situated in the Sunraysia region. It is situated about 7 kilometres west of Pirlta and 11 kilometres east of Karawinna, on the Red Cliffs-Meringur Road.

The Morkalla railway line opened on 10 April 1924 with a goods, grain and passenger siding, followed by the post office on 30 May 1924. The railway closed in 1988.

The general area contains a number of previous localities which existed when the population was larger, namely Thurla 34°22′S 142°06′E﻿ / ﻿34.367°S 142.100°E﻿ / -34.367; 142.100 which had a post office open from 1925 until 1940, Benetook 34°22′00″S 142°00′00″E﻿ / ﻿34.36667°S 142.00000°E﻿ / -34.36667; 142.00000 with a post office from 1925 until 1946 and Pirlta 34°21′55″S 141°53′59″E﻿ / ﻿34.36528°S 141.89972°E﻿ / -34.36528; 141.89972 with a post office from 1911 until 1961.

Benetook
Benetook is a locality in the Sunraysia region about 9 kilometres west of Thurla and 8 kilometres east of Pirlta.

The Post Office opened around 1925. The building was destroyed by fire in 1929, and the office was closed in 1946. Benetook was on the Morkalla railway line. The station opened with the first section of the line in 1924, with facilities for passengers, goods and grain. It closed in 1970.
Queen of Love
Queen of Love (クィーン・オブ・ラブ, Kuīn obu Rabu) is the sixth studio album by Japanese idol duo Wink, released by Polystar on July 10, 1991. It features the singles "Kitto Atsui Kuchibiru (Remain)" and "Manatsu no Tremolo". Also included in the album are Japanese-language covers of The Beach Boys' "Fun, Fun, Fun", Bette Midler's "Night and Day", and Zager and Evans' "In the Year 2525".

The album peaked at No. 6 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 108,000 copies.

In the Year 2525
"In the Year 2525 (Exordium & Terminus)" is a 1969 hit song by the American pop-rock duo of Zager and Evans. A "one-hit wonder", it reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for six weeks commencing July 12, 1969. It peaked at No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart for three weeks in August and September that year. The song was written and composed by Rick Evans in 1964 and released on Truth Records in 1968. It was picked up by RCA Records.

Their follow-up single on RCA Victor, "Mr. Turnkey", reached No. 48 in the Canadian pop charts and number 41 in the Canadian AC chart. Another single, "Listen to the People", charted at No. 100 and No. 96 in Canada.
Joseph Marion
Joseph Marion (December 3, 1837 – October 18, 1923) was a notary and political figure in Quebec. He represented L'Assomption in the Legislative

Assembly of Quebec from 1880 to 1886 and from 1890 to 1900 as a Conservative.

He was born in Repentigny, Lower Canada, the son of Joseph Marion and Louise Brousseau, and was educated there, at the Collège de l'Assomption and the Université Laval. He qualified as a notary in 1863 and set up practice in Saint-Paul-l'Ermite (later Le Gardeur). He also served as postmaster and was secretary-treasurer for the municipality for 30 years and mayor for eight years. In 1864 he married Luce Archambault. He was first elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1880 by-election held after the death of Onuphe Peltier. He was defeated by Ludger Forest when he ran for reelection in 1886 and again in 1888. Marion was defeated by Joseph-Édouard Duhamel in 1900.

Repentigny
Repentigny (French pronunciation: [ʁəpɑ̃tiɲi] ⓘ) is an off-island suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located north of the city on the lower end of the L'Assomption River, and on the Saint Lawrence River. Repentigny and Charlemagne were the first towns off the eastern tip of the Island of Montreal. Repentigny is part of the Lanaudière region.
Dracaena aubrytiana
Dracaena aubrytiana, synonym Sansevieria aubrytiana, is a succulent plant native to tropical Africa. Its leaves are distichous (arranged in two vertical rows), each leaf being up to 90 cm (35 in) long; the blade, or lamina being up to 50 cm (20 in) and the stalk or petiole being up to 40 cm (16 in). The leaves resemble those of Curculigo or palm seedlings. The unbranched trunk brings the total height to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in).

Phyllotaxis
In botany, phyllotaxis (from Ancient Greek  φύλλον (phúllon)  'leaf' and  τάξις (táxis)  'arrangement') or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem. Phyllotactic spirals form a distinctive class of patterns in nature.
Gunatilleke
Gunatilleke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

C. V. Savitri Gunatilleke (born 1945), Sri Lankan academic

Damith Gunatilleke (born 1983), Sri Lankan cricketer

Kantha Gunatilleke, Sri Lankan politician

Ranjan Gunatilleke (born 1951), Sri Lankan cricketer

Thanura Gunatilleke (born 1977), Sri Lankan cricketer

V. C. Gunatilleke, Sri Lankan politician

Ranjan Gunatilleke
Frederick Ranjan Manilal de Silva Goonetilleke (born 15 August 1951), or Ranjan Goonetilleke, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played one One Day International (ODI) in the 1979 Cricket World Cup. In September 2018, he was one of 49 former Sri Lankan cricketers honoured for their services before Sri Lanka became a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).
Leslie Mitchell (historian)
Dr Leslie G. Mitchell MA, DPhil, FRHistS is an academic historian specialising in British history.

Mitchell is currently an Emeritus Fellow of University College and a member of the History Faculty at the University of Oxford, England. He has been Dean of the college, appeared in the Univ Revue, recruited students for work in the intelligence services and was editor of the University College Record, an annual publication for former members of the college. Mitchell is counted among a talented generation of post-war historians, including Maurice Keen, Alexander Murray and Henry Mayr-Harting.

Faculty of History, University of Oxford
The Faculty of History is an academic department of the Humanities Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. It focuses on the teaching and research of medieval and modern history.

Medieval and modern history has been taught at Oxford for longer than at virtually any other university, and the first Regius Professor of Modern History was appointed in 1724. The Faculty is part of the Humanities Division, and has been based at the Stephen A. Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities since 2025, while the department's library relocated from the former Indian Institute on Catte Street to the Bodleian Library's Radcliffe Camera in August 2012.
Karhade Brahmin
Karhaḍe Brahmins (also spelled as Karada Brahmins or Karad Brahmins) are a Hindu Brahmin sub-caste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra, but are also distributed in the states of Goa, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.

Kirloskar Group
Kirloskar Group is an Indian conglomerate, headquartered in Pune and manufacturing plant in Kirloskarvadi. The group exports to over 70 countries over most of Africa, Southeast Asia and Europe.  The flagship and holding company, Kirloskar Brothers Ltd, established in 1888 in Kirloskarvadi, kirloskar group is India's largest maker of pumps and valves. It was the manufacturer of India's first modern iron plough.  One of the group companies is a major component supplier for the Indian Arihant Nuclear Submarine program
Alexander Joseph Daiwaille
Alexander Joseph Daiwaille (21 January 1818 – 1888) was a Dutch portrait painter.

Daiwaille was born at Amsterdam, and his father was the painter Jean Augustin Daiwaille. Alexander specialized in painting portraits, like his father, although he later in life painted landscapes. He traveled and worked all around the Netherlands and Germany, including Hilversum (1833-1834), Kleve (1834-1835), Nijmegen (1835-1836), The Hague (1836-1839), and back to Kleve (1840-1848), where he worked with his brother-in-law the landscape painter Barend Cornelis Koekkoek. Daiwaille then moved and settled in Brussels where he lived until his death in 1888.

Kleve
Kleve (German pronunciation: [ˈkleːvə] ⓘ; traditional English: Cleves /kliːvz/ KLEEVZ; Dutch: Kleef [ˈkleːf] ⓘ; French: Clèves [klɛv]; Spanish: Cléveris; Latin: Clivia; Low Rhenish: Kleff) is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and later a duchy. Today, Cleves is the capital of the district of Kleve in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city is home to one of the campuses of the Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences.
This Moment Is Mine
This Moment Is Mine is the third album by American singer Chanté Moore. It was released on May 25, 1999, through Silas Records and MCA Records. It was Moore's first album release in four and a half years after her previous album, A Love Supreme. The album featured production from Rodney Jerkins, Simon Law, Moore, Robin Thicke, Jermaine Dupri, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, among others.

The album was preceded by the release of two singles — "Chanté's Got a Man" and "I See You in a Different Light". The album peaked at number thirty-one on the Billboard 200 and number seven on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart on June 12, 1999.

Silas Records
Silas Records was an American record label owned by Universal Music Group; founded in 1991 by Louil Silas Jr. and operated as an imprint of MCA Records, where Silas had been a senior VP.  The label achieved minor success throughout the 1990s.  It was eventually absorbed into MCA in 1999, after Silas left his post at UMG to take a position at LaFace Records.  Its back catalog is now controlled by Geffen Records.

The label's first and last releases were by Chanté Moore in 1992 and 1999. Other artists on the label included Aaron Hall, London Jones, Jesse Powell, and Keith Washington.
Gennaro Righelli
Gennaro Righelli (12 December 1886 – 6 January 1949) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and actor. He directed more than 110 films in Italy and Germany between 1910 and 1947. In 1930, he directed the first Italian sound film, The Song of Love. He was married to the film star Maria Jacobini, whom he frequently cast in his films.

Acting
Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode.

Acting involves a broad range of skills, including a well-developed imagination, emotional facility, physical expressivity, vocal projection, clarity of speech, and the ability to interpret drama. Acting also demands an ability to employ dialects, accents, improvisation, observation and emulation, mime, and stage combat. Many actors train at length in specialist programs or colleges to develop these skills. The vast majority of professional actors have gone through extensive training. Actors and actresses will often have many instructors and teachers for a full range of training involving singing, scene-work, audition techniques, and acting for camera.

Most early sources in the West that examine the art of acting (Ancient Greek: ὑπόκρισις, hypokrisis) discuss it as part of rhetoric.
Park Hall
Park Hall is an area near to the south-eastern edge of Walsall in the West Midlands of England. It is considered that the area near to the local Park Hall Primary and Infant schools and the Gillity Village shops are classed as Park Hall.

Park Hall estate is close to the other Walsall suburbs of Chuckery, Yew Tree, and The Delves. It is in the Walsall South parliamentary constituency; the local MP is Valerie Vaz of the Labour Party. The previous long-standing MP was Bruce George who retired just prior to the candidates being declared for the 2010 general election.

The Gillity Village shops are the central point of Park Hall, containing a mixture of food and other shops. Further shops can be found on the estate at the junction of Gillity Avenue and Edinburgh Road. There are four pubs in and near to the estate.

Valerie Vaz
Valerie Carol Marian Vaz (born 7 December 1954) is a British Labour politician and former solicitor who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Walsall and Bloxwich, previously Walsall South, since 2010. She served as Shadow Leader of the House of Commons from 2016 to 2021 in the Shadow Cabinets of Jeremy Corbyn and Keir Starmer.
Grant Hardy
Grant Hardy is professor of history and religious studies and former director of the humanities program at the University of North Carolina at Asheville. He earned his BA in ancient Greek in 1984 from Brigham Young University and his PhD in Chinese language and literature from Yale University in 1988. Having written, cowritten, or edited several books in the fields of history, humanities, and religious texts as literature, Hardy is known for literary studies of the Book of Mormon.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
Vysokopillia Raion
Vysokopillia Raion (Ukrainian: Високопільський район) was one of the 18 administrative raions (a district) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative center was located in the urban-type settlement of Vysokopillia. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kherson Oblast to five. The area of Vysokopillia Raion was merged into Beryslav Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 14,119 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Kochubeivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Kochubeivka;

Vysokopillia settlement hromada with the administration in Vysokopillia.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.
Archips strianus
Archips strianus, the striated tortrix moth or striated leafroller, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, British Columbia, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ontario and Quebec.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to August.

Abies balsamea, Pinus engelmannii and Picea species (including Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Picea pungens and Picea sitchensis).

Picea mariana
Picea mariana, the black spruce, is a North American species of spruce tree in the pine family. It is widespread across Canada, found in all 10 provinces and all 3 territories. It is the official tree of Newfoundland and Labrador and is that province's most abundant tree. Its range extends into northern parts of the United States: in Alaska, the Great Lakes region, and the upper Northeast. It is a frequent part of the biome known as taiga or boreal forest.

The Latin specific epithet mariana means "of the Virgin Mary".
Dimitrije Bužarovski
Dimitrije Bužarovski Ph.D. (Macedonian: Димитрије Бужаровски) (born 8 August 1952 in Skopje, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Macedonian composer, versatile artist and a scholar with interests in different fields: composition, musicology, computer and electronic music, performance, teaching and research.

Performance
A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other forms of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
Results of the 1874–75 New South Wales colonial election
The 1874–75 New South Wales colonial election was for 72 members representing 60 electoral districts. The election was conducted on the basis of a simple majority or first-past-the-post voting system. In this election there were 8 multi-member districts returning 20 members and 52 single member districts. In the multi-member districts each elector could vote for as many candidates as there were vacancies. 12 districts were uncontested.

There were three districts that did not have a residential or property qualification, Goldfields North (750), Goldfields South (1,400) and Goldfields West (20,000). The average number of enrolled voters per seat in the other districts was 2,078 ranging from The Paterson (551) to Mudgee (7,401). The electoral boundaries were established under the Electoral Act 1858 (NSW).

Electoral district of Goldfields South
Goldfields South was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1859 to 1880, including the goldfields within several southern electorates. Rolls were not kept for goldfields seats, voters being able to establish their right to vote by presenting either a mining licence or business licence in a proclaimed gold field that had been held for at least six months. Voters could also appear on the roll for general districts, but were prevented from voting in both their resident general district and the overlaying goldfields district.