hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch
The Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch is a World War I memorial designed in 1919 by architect Charles Sumner Greene and located at Ocean Avenue and San Carlos Street center median divider in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. The Memorial Arch was designated as a significant monument in the city's Downtown Historic District Property Survey, The Memorial Arch was recorded with the Department of Parks and Recreation on November 16, 2001. The Memorial Arch has been a historic landmark since November 1921, when it was built for Carmel World War I veterans. The Spanish Mission Revival style arch is constructed of Carmel sandstone.

California State Parks
California State Parks is the state park system for the U.S. state of California. The system is administered by the California Department of Parks and Recreation, a department under the California Natural Resources Agency. The California State Parks system is the largest state park system in the United States.

California State Parks administers 279 separate park units on 1.4 million acres (5,700 km2), with over 280 miles (450 km) of California coastline; 625 miles (1,006 km) of lake and river frontage; nearly 15,000 campsites; and 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of hiking, biking, and equestrian trails. Headquartered in Sacramento, park administration is divided into 21 districts.
2009 Copa de España de Futsal
The 2009 Copa de España de Fútbol Sala is the 20th staging of the Copa de España de Fútbol Sala. It was held in the Palacio Municipal de Deportes de Granada, in Granada, Spain, between 26 February and 1 March 2009.

Copa de España de Futsal
The Copa de España de Futsal is an annual cup competition for Spanish futsal teams. It is organized by the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Sala and was founded in the season 1989–90. It is contested annually between the top eight teams in the league table as calculated at the midway point in season, in a neutral venue in different cities every year.
Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik
The Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, located in Liptovský Mikuláš, is Slovakia's only Military academy.  It was originally established in 1945, right after the end of World War II, first as a High School and from 1973 as a university. AOS has about 500 students, including 50 PhD students. The school is organized in 8 departments:

Department of Informatics

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Electronics

Department of Logistics

Department of Social Sciences and Languages

Department of the Physical Education and Sport

Department of Security and Defense

Department of Military Tactics and Operational Art

The academy is named after Milan Rastislav Štefánik, a World War I era Czechoslovak Legion general.

Since 2015, Jozef Puttear, himself an AOS alumnus, has served as the rector of AOS.

Milan Rastislav Štefánik
Milan Rastislav Štefánik (Slovak: [ˈmilan ˈrascislaw ˈʂcefaːɲik] ⓘ; 21 July 1880 – 4 May 1919) was a Slovak politician, diplomat, aviator and astronomer. During World War I, he served at the same time as a general in the French Army and as Minister of War for Czechoslovakia. As one of the leading members of the Czechoslovak National Council (the resistance government), he contributed decisively to the cause of Czechoslovak sovereignty, since the status of Czech- and Slovak-populated territories was one of those in question until shortly before the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. His personal motto was "To Believe, To Love, To Work" (Slovak: Veriť, milovať, pracovať).
Thomas Ridpath
Thomas Ridpath (c. 1851 – 28 October 1900) was a Liverpool stamp dealer who handled some of the greatest rarities in philately such as the British Guiana 1c magenta of 1856 and the block of four of the 1869 24c United States stamps with inverted centre. He gave philatelic lantern displays at which the differences between genuine and forged stamps were shown enlarged on a screen and supplied the philatelic press with reports of new finds that they reported in their columns.

Magic lantern
The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image projector that uses pictures—paintings, prints, or photographs—on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. Because a single lens inverts an image projected through it (as in the phenomenon which inverts the image of a camera obscura), slides are inserted upside down in the magic lantern, rendering the projected image correctly oriented.

It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes. It was increasingly used for education during the 19th century. Since the late 19th century, smaller versions were also mass-produced as toys. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th century until the mid-20th century when it was superseded by a compact version that could hold many 35 mm photographic slides: the slide projector.
Nobel, Ontario
Nobel is a village on the shores of Parry Sound, Ontario, Canada. It is in the Municipality of McDougall in the District of Parry Sound.  The community is named after Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.

This village is the administrative office of the Shawanaga First Nation reserve.

Dynamite
Diatomaceous earth (or any other type of absorbent material) soaked in nitroglycerin.

Protective coating surrounding the explosive material.

Blasting cap.

Electrical cable (or fuse) connected to the blasting cap.

Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern Germany, and was patented in 1867. It rapidly gained wide-scale use as a more robust alternative to the traditional black powder explosives. It allows the use of nitroglycerine's favorable explosive properties while greatly reducing its risk of accidental detonation.
The Lying Valet
The Lying Valet is a British play by David Garrick. A farce, it was first performed at the Goodman's Fields Theatre on 30 November 1741. Garrick based his work on the second act of All Without Money by Peter Antony Motteux, which was in turn inspired by a French play. Garrick initially followed the plots of the earlier plays quite closely, but the work soon diverges significantly. It was the only one of Garrick's plays which was completely sentimental in nature.

Peter Anthony Motteux
Peter Anthony Motteux (born Pierre Antoine Motteux French: [mɔtø]; 25 February 1663 – 18 February 1718) was a French-born English author, playwright, and translator. Motteux was a significant figure in the evolution of English journalism in his era, as the publisher and editor of The Gentleman's Journal, "the first English magazine," from 1692 to 1694.
Sposito
Sposito is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlo Sposito (1924–1984), Italian actor

Raffaele Sposito (1922–1981), better known as Faele, Italian playwright, screenwriter, and lyricist

Rafael Spósito Balzarini (1952–2009), Uruguayan anarchist, sociologist, and journalist

Carlo Sposito
Carlo Sposito (1 May 1924 – 9 September 1984) was an Italian character actor, sometimes credited as Carletto Sposito.

Born in Palermo, he was among the most active actors in the post-war Italian genre cinema.  He was also pretty active on stage, radio and television.

He died at 60 of myocardial infarction, in Rome. He was the brother of the playwright Faele.
Parasitic pneumonia
Parasitic pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by parasites. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lungs, most commonly caused by bacteria or viruses. Parasites are an uncommon cause of pneumonia, usually affecting immunocompromised individuals or those in underdeveloped countries. In developed countries, it is most common to see parasitic pneumonia in immigrants or recently returning travelers. In recent years, improved hygiene and global socioeconomic conditions have decreased the prevalence of parasitic pneumonias, but susceptibility is increasing due to increased travel, urbanization, and population of immunocompromised individuals.

This article specifically refers to parasitic pneumonia, and will not discuss other pulmonary conditions caused by parasites. For example, pulmonary malaria may present as acute respiratory distress syndrome but likely not pneumonia.

Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the genus Entamoeba. Predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis, E. histolytica is estimated to infect about 35-50 million people worldwide. E. histolytica infection is estimated to kill more than 55,000 people each year. Previously, it was thought that 10% of the world population was infected, but these figures predate the recognition that at least 90% of these infections were due to a second species, E. dispar. Mammals such as dogs and cats can become infected transiently, but are not thought to contribute significantly to transmission.

The word histolysis literally means disintegration and dissolution of organic tissues.
Paper with delayed recognition
A paper with delayed recognition (or a "sleeping beauty") is a publication that received very little attention (receiving few citations) shortly after publication, but later receives a dramatic increase in citations. For example, an 1884 article by Charles Sanders Peirce was rarely cited until about the year 2000, but has since garnered many citations.

The phenomenon has been studied in bibliometrics and scientometrics.

A 2015 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences concluded, after looking at over 22 million scientific papers of the prior 100 years, that "sleeping beauties are common", and seen even in the works of the most famous scientists. In particular, that a paper on an aspect of quantum mechanics that was published in 1935 by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, did not receive widespread attention until 1994. In the top 15 such papers in science, identified in the study, the delay for recognition was often 50 to 100 years.

Scientometrics
Scientometrics is a subfield of informetrics that studies quantitative aspects of scholarly literature. Major research issues in scientometrics include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts.

In practice, there is a substantial overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields, including information systems, information science, the science of science policy, the sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that overreliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research.
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7
In molecular biology, the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 family of proteins (also known as NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B14.5a or Complex I-B14.5a) form a part of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). In mammals, it is encoded by the NDUFA7 gene.

NDUFA7
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA7 gene. The NDUFA7 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
Sai Khaing Myo Tun
Sai Khaing Myo Tun    is a Burmese politician who currently serves as Deputy Minister of Education of NUG. He was also working as a Professor at the Department of International Relations in Yangon University of Foreign Languages.

He was appointed by the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as the Deputy Minister of Education  in the National Unity Government of Myanmar on 3 May 2021.

He received his BA Hons. in International Relations in 2000 and MA in International Relations in 2002 both from the University of Yangon. In 2008, he received another master's degree in International Development from the Nagoya University in Japan. He then received his Ph.D. in International Development in the year 2011.

Yangon University of Foreign Languages
The Yangon University of Foreign Languages, also the University of Foreign Languages, Yangon (Burmese: ရန်ကုန်နိုင်ငံခြားဘာသာတက္ကသိုလ် Burmese pronunciation: [nàɪɰ̃ŋàɰ̃dʑá bàðà tɛʔkəθò jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃]), located in Yangon, is a university for the study of foreign languages in Myanmar.

Yangon University of Foreign Languages is one of the two language universities in Myanmar alongside Mandalay University of Foreign Languages.
Alexander von Koller
Alexander von Koller (3 June 1813 – 29 May 1890) was an Austro-Hungarian military officer, who achieved the rank of general of the cavalry and served as Imperial and Royal Minister of War from 1874 to 1876.

Minister of War (Austria-Hungary)
The Imperial and Royal Minister of War (German: K.u.k. Kriegsminister; Hungarian: cs. és k. hadügyminiszter), until 1911: Reich Minister of War (Reichskriegsminister; birodalmi hadügyminiszter), was the head of one of the three common ministries shared by the two states which made up the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary from its creation in the Compromise of 1867 until its dissolution in 1918.

The Common Austro-Hungarian Army (Gemeinsame Armee) and the Austro-Hungarian Navy (K.u.k. Kriegsmarine) were institutions shared by the constituent parts of the dual monarchy, although both Austria and Hungary possessed their own defence ministries charged with the internal administration of the homeland troops (that is, the K.k. Landwehr and Magyar Királyi Honvédség), known as the K.k. Ministerium für Landesverteidigung and K.u. Honvédministerium respectively.
Borlengo
Borlengo (pl.: borlenghi), also called burlengo or zampanelle, is an Italian thin flatbread. Originally a type of food eaten by the poor and made only with flour and water, it now also usually includes salt and optionally eggs, and is often made outside in a frying pan the size of a cart's wheel. These are then rubbed with a mixture that can contain rosemary, garlic, salt pork, olive oil, or what is called cunza, sauteed minced pancetta and sausage, folded into quarters and sprinkled with Parmesan.

Peasant foods
Peasant foods are dishes eaten by peasants, made from accessible and inexpensive ingredients.

Studies on historical rural diets in Sweden indicates that peasant foods were predominantly grain-based. Periodic shortages in domestic grain production led to Sweden's reliance on imported grains while the Swedish peasants relied on locally available resources to survive.

In many historical periods, peasant foods have been stigmatized.
Benzoate—CoA ligase
In enzymology, a benzoate—CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + benzoate + CoA  AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl-CoA

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, benzoate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and benzoyl-CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-sulfur bonds as acid-thiol ligases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include benzoate-coenzyme A ligase, benzoyl-coenzyme A synthetase, and benzoyl CoA synthetase (AMP forming).  This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via coa ligation.

Ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting in the formation of new C-O, C-S, or C-N bonds. For example, DNA ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.

In general, a ligase catalyzes the following dehydration reaction, thus joining molecules A and B:

A-OH + B-H → A–B + H2O
Madison Charney
Madison Charney (born October 5, 1994) is a Canadian skeleton racer who has competed since 2012. In 2014–15, she finished 9th at the 2014 FIBT World Junior Championships in Winterberg, Germany. She won the 2014 Canadian senior championships and had her first World Cup top-10 finish at Calgary in December 2014.

Canada Olympic Park bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track
The Canada Olympic Park bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track was a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track located in Calgary, Alberta. Part of Canada Olympic Park, it hosted the bobsleigh and luge competitions at the 1988 Winter Olympics. This track is one of only two of its type in the world to be featured in a non-documentary film when it was part of the 1993 American film Cool Runnings which loosely followed the Jamaican Bobsled Team during their competition in bobsleigh at the 1988 Games (the other was the 1981 British film For Your Eyes Only which included scenes from the bobsleigh track in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy). It was demolished in 2021.
Sarah Davis (ice hockey)
Sarah Davis (born June 23, 1992) is a Canadian women's ice hockey player who made her international debut competing for the Canadian National Women's Under-18 team at the 2010 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship. She was named to the roster of the Canada women's national ice hockey team that competed at the 2015 IIHF Women's World Championship. She is the first women's ice hockey player from Newfoundland to be selected for the national team, and the first woman from the province to be part of a team to win the Clarkson Cup.

Canada women's national ice hockey team
The Canadian women's national ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Canada in women's hockey. The team is overseen by Hockey Canada, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and participates in international competitions. Canada has been a dominant figure in international competition, having won the majority of major ice hockey tournaments. Canada is rivaled by the United States, the only other winner of a major tournament.
Mbaye Ndiaye (basketball)
Mbaye Ndiaye (born January 4, 1999) is a Senegalese professional basketball player for ASVEL Basket of the French LNB Élite and EuroLeague. He has also represented Senegal at the international level. Standing at a height of 2.03 m (6 ft 8 in), Ndiaye plays as a forward.

JL Bourg Basket
Jeunesse Laïque de Bourg-en-Bresse, commonly known as JL Bourg or simply Bourg, is a basketball club based in Bourg-en-Bresse, France that plays in the LNB Élite, the national top division. Their home arena is Ekinox, which has a capacity of 3,548 people.

Bourg has also represented France in European competition, including the second level EuroCup.
A Past Unknown
A Past Unknown was an American Christian metal band from Cedar Falls, Iowa. They were known for playing  a metalcore style with a more melodic metalcore sound. The band started making music in 2009, and their members at the time were lead vocalist, Grant Lilly, guitarists, Nick Powell and Trevor Rozendaal, bassist, Dirk Wiese, and drummer, Adam Aalderks. When Aalderks left the band, Jack Van Gent became the drummer. The band released their first studio album, To Those Perishing, in 2011 with Red Cord Records. Their second studio album, Vainglory, was released by Red Cord Records, in 2012. They disbanded in the middle of 2013.

Melodic metalcore
Melodic metalcore is a fusion genre, incorporating elements of melodic death metal and metalcore; it has a heavy emphasis on melodic instrumentation, distorted guitar tones, palm muting, double bass drumming, blast beats, metalcore-stylized breakdowns, and vocals that range from aggressive screaming and death growls to clean singing. The genre has seen commercial success for employing a more accessible sound at times compared to other forms of extreme music. Many notable melodic metalcore bands have been influenced by At the Gates and In Flames.
Kristina Vogel
Kristina Vogel  (born 10 November 1990) is a former German track cyclist. During her career, she won two gold medals and a bronze at the Olympic Games, and became an eleven-time UCI World Champion. She was paralysed following a crash in June 2018.

UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The UCI Track Cycling World Championships are the set of world championship events for the various disciplines and distances in track cycling. They are regulated by the Union Cycliste Internationale. Before 1900, they were administered by the UCI's predecessor, the International Cycling Association (ICA).

Current events include: time trial, keirin, individual pursuit, team pursuit, points race, scratch race, sprint, team sprint, omnium, madison and elimination race. Until 2024, women's events were generally shorter than men's. Since 2025, all events have the same length. Events which are no longer held include the motor paced events and tandem events.
2018 Formula One Esports Series
The 2018 Formula One Esports Series was the second season of the Formula One Esports Series. It started on October 10, 2018 and ended on November 17, 2018. It was held on Formula One's official 2018 game. The championship was held at Gfinity Arena in London, United Kingdom. Brendon Leigh defended his Drivers' Championship title, while his team Mercedes-AMG Petronas Esports clinched its first championship title.

Yas Marina Circuit
The Yas Marina Circuit (Arabic: حلبة مرسى ياس) is a 5.281 km (3.281 mi) motorsport circuit situated on Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The circuit was designed by Hermann Tilke. It has hosted the season-ending Formula One Abu Dhabi Grand Prix since 2009. Yas Marina was the second of four Formula One tracks in the Middle East, with the first being in Bahrain and subsequent tracks in Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

A two-day GP2 Asia Series test was held to officially open the circuit, which was held a week before the 2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. It also hosted V8 Supercars between 2010 and 2012, with the event being the opening round in 2010 and 2011. Outside motorsport, the circuit was used for the final stage of the inaugural Abu Dhabi Tour cycle race in 2015–2017. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license.
NGC 2090
NGC 2090 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Columba. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 994 ± 5 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 47.8 ± 3.4 Mly (14.65 ± 1.03 Mpc). However, 51 non-redshift measurements give a distance of 42.46 ± 0.64 Mly (13.018 ± 0.197 Mpc). It was discovered on 29 October 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop. NGC 2090 was studied to refine the Hubble constant to an accuracy within ±10%.

James Dunlop
James Dunlop FRSE (31 October 1793 – 22 September 1848) was a Scottish astronomer, noted for his work in Australia. He was employed by Sir Thomas Brisbane to work as astronomer's assistant at his private observatory, once located at Paramatta (now named Parramatta), New South Wales, about 23 kilometres (14 mi) west of Sydney during the 1820s and 1830s. Dunlop was mostly a visual observer, doing stellar astrometry work for Brisbane, and after its completion, then independently discovered and catalogued many new telescopic southern double stars and deep-sky objects.  He later became the Superintendent of Paramatta Observatory when it was finally sold to the New South Wales Government.