hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Umanath Singh
Umanath Singh (13 August 1937-13 September 1993) was an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh who served as the jail minister in First Kalyan Singh ministry in 1991. He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Bayalsi constituency in 1969 and 1974 on the symbol of Jana Sangh. He was elected from Bayalsi again in 1989 and 1991 on the symbol of Bharatiya Janata Party. His son Krishna Pratap Singh had represented Jaunpur Lok Sabha constituency from 2014 to 2019.

Bharatiya Jana Sangh
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated as BJS or JS, short name: Jan Sangh; lit. 'All-India People's Union') was a Hindutva political party active in India. It was established on 21 October 1951 in Delhi by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. Jan Sangh was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. In 1977, it merged with several other left, centre, and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party. In 1980, the members of the erstwhile Jan Sangh quit Janata Party after its defeat in the 1980 general election and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh. In Bihar, Ramdeo Mahto considered as founding leader of Bharatiya Janata Party – Bihar, because he brought BJP Into the power in Bihar, he elected as a candidate of Bhartiya Jana Sangh to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1969 Assembly elections from Patna East Assembly constituency.
Asterix and the Roman Agent
Asterix and the Roman Agent (French: La Zizanie, "Discord") is the fifteenth volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). It first appeared as a serial in Pilote magazine issues 531–552 in 1970 and was translated into English in 1972.

Pilote
Pilote (French: [pilɔt]), for a while subtitled the magazine of Asterix and Obelix (French: Le Journal D’Astérix et D’Obélix ) was a French comics magazine published from 1959 to 1989. Showcasing most of the major French or Belgian comics talents of its day the magazine introduced major series such as Astérix, Barbe-Rouge, Blueberry, Achille Talon, and Valérian et Laureline.  Major comics writers like René Goscinny, Jean-Michel Charlier, Greg, Pierre Christin and Jacques Lob were featured in the magazine, as were artists such as Jijé, Morris, Albert Uderzo, Jean (Mœbius) Giraud, Enki Bilal, Jean-Claude Mézières, Jacques Tardi, Philippe Druillet, Marcel Gotlib, Alexis, and Annie Goetzinger.

Pilote also published several international talents such as Hugo Pratt, Frank Bellamy and Robert Crumb.
Miguel Estanislao Soler
Miguel Estanislao Soler (May 7, 1783 – September 23, 1849) was an Argentine general, who fought in the Argentine War of Independence. He was appointed governor of the Banda Oriental by Buenos Aires in 1814, but he was resisted by Artigas and left the city in 1815. He was one of the three generals of the Crossing of the Andes, along with José de San Martín and Bernardo O'Higgins. He also fought in the battle of Ituzaingó, against Brazil.

Argentine War of Independence
The Argentine War of Independence (Spanish: guerra de la independencia argentina) was a set of military events from 1810 to 1825 which resulted in the consolidation of Argentina as an independent country from Spanish rule. The historiographical term encompasses battles and military feats such as the Crossing of the Andes. Formal independence was declared in 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán.
Demetrius Nicolaides
Demetrius Nicolaides (Greek: Δημήτριος Νικολαΐδης Dimitrios Nikolaidis; French: Démétrius Nicolaïdes; c. 1843 – 3 July 1915), also known as Nikolaidis Efendi, was an Ottoman Greek journalist and compiler of legislation. Johann Strauss, author of A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages, wrote that Nicolaides was "an extremely active but somewhat enigmatic figure in the press life of 19th century Istanbul".

Nicolaides was born and raised in Ottoman Constantinople (now Istanbul) and attended the Great School of the Nation (Megalē tou Genous scholē), from which he graduated in 1861. His family was the Ieromnimon.

Phanar Greek Orthodox College
Phanar Greek Orthodox College or Phanar Roman Orthodox Lyceum (Turkish: Özel Fener Rum Lisesi), known in Greek as the Great School of the Nation and Patriarchal Academy of Constantinople (Greek: Μεγάλη του Γένους Σχολή, Megáli toú Genous Scholí), is the oldest surviving and most prestigious Greek Orthodox school in Istanbul, Turkey.
Menegazzia dielsii
Menegazzia dielsii is a species of foliose lichen from New Zealand. It was first formally described by German lichenologist Johannes Hillmann in 1940. Rolf Santesson transferred it to the genus Menegazzia in 1943. It contains several lichen products: atranorin, conpsoromic acid, echinocarpic acid, and psoromic acid.

Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can have an allergic reaction to atranorin.
Shapiro's lemma
In mathematics, especially in the areas of abstract algebra dealing with group cohomology or relative homological algebra, Shapiro's lemma, also known as the Eckmann–Shapiro lemma, relates extensions of modules over one ring to extensions over another, especially the group ring of a group and of a subgroup. It thus relates the group cohomology with respect to a group to the cohomology with respect to a subgroup. Shapiro's lemma is named after Arnold S. Shapiro, who proved it in 1961; however, Beno Eckmann had discovered it earlier, in 1953.

Induced representation
In group theory, the induced representation is a representation of a group, G, which is constructed using a known representation of a subgroup H. Given a representation of H, the induced representation is, in a sense, the "most general" representation of G that extends the given one. Since it is often easier to find representations of the smaller group H than of G, the operation of forming induced representations is an important tool to construct new representations.

Induced representations were initially defined by Frobenius, for linear representations of finite groups. The idea is by no means limited to the case of finite groups, but the theory in that case is particularly well-behaved.
Marcos Bollini
Marcos Bollini (born 18 August 1991) is an Argentine international rugby union player.

Bollini was an Argentina under-20s representative at the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship.

A Buenos Aires native, Bollini was capped for Argentina as the scrum-half in a Test against Uruguay at Colonia del Sacramento in 2016, won by the Pumas 8–0. He played his club rugby for Club Newman.

Argentina national under-20 rugby union team
The Argentina national under-20 rugby union team, officially nicknamed Pumitas, represents Argentina at a national level. The team plays in the World Rugby U20 Championship. It also competes at the South American Junior Championship as of 1972 and the U20 Rugby Championship since 2024.
Debra Waples
Debra Lynn Waples (born June 30, 1953) is an American former foil fencer. She was the captain of the USA fencing team and competed in the women's individual and team foil events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Debra's daughter is NBC News video journalist Camille Behnke.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Thomas Swann (attorney)
Thomas Swann (July 21, 1765 – February 2, 1840) was an American lawyer, businessman and politician who twice served in the Virginia House of Delegates and for more than a decade served as the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia.

Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2020, the census returned a population of 420,959, making it Virginia's third-most populous county. The county seat is Leesburg. Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of 2023, Loudoun County had a median household income of $156,821, the highest of any county or county equivalent in the nation.
High (Keith Urban album)
High is the twelfth studio album by Australian and American country music singer Keith Urban. The album was released on 20 September 2024 via Hit Red and Capitol Records Nashville.

At the 2025 ARIA Music Awards, the album was nominated for Best Country Album.

ARIA Award for Best Country Album
The ARIA Music Award for Best Country Album, is an award presented at the annual ARIA Music Awards, which recognises "the many achievements of Aussie artists across all music genres", since 1987. It is handed out by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation whose aim is "to advance the interests of the Australian record industry."

Kasey Chambers holds the record for the most wins in this category, having won all nine of her nominations as a solo artist in addition to winning as a member of the Dead Ringer Band in 1996. Troy Cassar-Daley has the most nominations with 14 (15 counting the various artists album Not So Dusty), while Adam Brand and Catherine Britt are tied for the most nominations without a win with seven each. Three artists have won in two consecutive years; John Williamson in 1989 and 1990, Lee Kernaghan in 1993 and 1994, and Chambers in 2013 (for Wreck & Ruin, a collaboration with Shane Nicholson) and 2014 and again in 2017 and 2018.
Lake Rotokawau
Lake Rotokawau is the name of numerous lakes in New Zealand:

Lake Rotokawau (Aupouri Peninsula), Northland

Lake Rotokawau (Karikari Peninsula), Northland

Lake Rotokawau (Kaipara), Northland

Lake Rotokawau (Waikato)

Lake Rotokawau (Bay of Plenty)

Lake Rotokawau (Chatham Islands)

Lake Rotokawau (Aupōuri Peninsula)
Lake Rotokawau is a dune lake on the Aupōuri Peninsula the Far North, New Zealand. The name is also used for lakes in the Kaipara District (Poutu Peninsula), Chatham Islands, in Bay of Plenty and near Lake Waikare in Waikato.

Lake Rotokawau is near Rotokawau Road, off State Highway 1 North of Kaitaia.

The lake catchment is predominantly pasture (70%), scrub (30%) and planted forest. The lake itself has no major inflows or outflow.

The Bushland Trust, working with the Department of Conservation and Northland Regional Council is undertaking restoration at Lake Rotokawau, as well as other nearby dune lakes, such as Lake Heather, Lake Rotoroa, Lake Ngatu, Lake Gem and Lake Ngakapua.
Mount Evelyn, Victoria
Mount Evelyn is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 37 km east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Mount Evelyn recorded a population of 9,799 at the 2021 census.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
113th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
The 113th United States Colored Infantry (formerly the 6th Arkansas Colored Infantry Regiment) was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863.

Bureau of Colored Troops
The Bureau of Colored Troops was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863, under General Order No. 143, during the Civil War, to handle "all matters relating to the organization of colored troops." Major Charles Warren Foster was chief of the Bureau, which reported to Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas. The designation United States Colored Troops replaced the varied state titles that had been given to the African-American soldiers.
DWGA-TV
DWGA-TV (channel 2) is a television station in Sorsogon City, Philippines, airing programming from  GMA Manila and GMA Naga. Owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent, the station maintains transmitter facilities atop Mt. Bintacan, Brgy. Maalo, Juban, Sorsogon.

Although identifying as a separate station in its own right, DWGA-TV is considered a straight simulcast of DWAI-TV (channel 7) in Naga City.

Prior to the station's startup by GMA in 2014, a channel 2 station, DWIB-TV, operated at Sorsogon from 1995 to 1999 as part of the government-owned Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation.

Juban, Sorsogon
Juban, officially the Municipality of Juban, is a municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 35,978 people.

The old houses of Juban are a key heritage feature of the town. These homes, built during the Spanish period, show the early architecture and history of the province. They remain an important part of Juban’s identity and cultural landscape.
Vernacular culture
Vernacular culture is the cultural forms made and organised by ordinary, often indigenous people, as distinct from the high culture of an elite. One feature of vernacular culture is that it is informal. Such culture is generally engaged in on a non-profit and voluntary basis, and is almost never funded by the state.

The term is used in the modern study of geography and cultural studies. It generally implies a cultural form that differs markedly from a deeply rooted folk culture, and also from tightly organised subcultures and religious cultures. In cultural and communication studies, vernacular rhetoric is the discursive aspect of vernacular culture, referring to "mundane, bottom-up, and informal discursive expressions that challenge and criticize the institutional".

Subculture
In the sociology of culture, a subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself from the values of the mainstream or dominant culture (or superculture) to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters. Subcultures coexist within mainstream society while keeping their specific characteristics intact.

Since its inception in the English-speaking world (primarily North America and the United Kingdom) during the 1940s–1950s, the concept and study of subcultures was developed in the academic fields of sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies. Examples of subcultures include punks, skinheads, Teddy Boys, mods, rockers, bikers, hip-hoppers, and more. Subcultures differ from countercultures.
Rumakali Hydroelectric Power Station
Rumakali Hydroelectric Power Station is a 222 megawatts hydroelectric power station under construction in Tanzania. The power station is under development by a consortium comprising Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO), the government-owned electricity utility company and the China Gezhouba Group. The power generated at this power station will be sold to TANESCO, for integration into the national electric grid.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Vlatko Marković
Vladimir "Vlatko" Marković (Croatian pronunciation: [ʋlǎdimiːr ʋlâtko mǎːrkoʋitɕ]; 1 January 1937 – 23 September 2013) was a Croatian professional football manager and player who served as the president of the Croatian Football Federation from 1998 to 2012.

Croatian Football Federation
The Croatian Football Federation (Croatian: Hrvatski nogometni savez, HNS) is the national governing body of football in Croatia. It was originally formed in 1912 and is based in the capital city of Zagreb. The organisation is a member of both FIFA and UEFA, and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in Croatia. Marijan Kustić has served as president of the federation since 2021.

The HNS sanctions all competitive football matches in Croatia, beginning with the HNL down to 3. NL, as well as the Croatian Cup, while low-tiered leagues are sanctioned by inter-county and county associations. It is also responsible for appointing the management of the men's, women's and youth national football teams. As of 2009, the HNS had 118,316 registered players (650 of them professionals) and a total of 1,732 registered association football and futsal clubs.
Lakeland University Japan
Lakeland University Japan (レイクランド大学ジャパン・キャンパス) is a four-year liberal arts college located in the Sumida ward of Tokyo, Japan and is a branch campus of Lakeland University in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.

Lakeland University Japan was continuously accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the MEXT (文部科学省) from its founding in 1991. However, the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools dissolved in 2014 and was reorganized as the Higher Learning Commission (HLC). Therefore, in 2018, the HLC was the accrediting agency.

Until the mid-2020s, students would complete a two-year Associate of Arts (A.A.) degree, subsequently having the option to choose between attending Lakeland University or Virginia Wesleyan University in the United States to complete a four-year Bachelor of Arts degree. However, presently, students can now complete a 4-year degree, and even master's degrees, at the Japan campus.

Sumida, Tokyo
Sumida (墨田区, Sumida-ku) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Sumida City.

As of 1 April 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 287,766 and a population density of 20,120 persons per km2. Its total area is 13.77 km2.

Sumida's city office is located in Azumabashi, while its commercial center is the area around Kinshicho Station in the south.
Colombian Orienteering Federation
The Colombian Orienteering Federation (Spanish: Federación Colombiana de Orientación) is the national Orienteering Association in Colombia. It is recognized as the  orienteering association for Colombia by the International Orienteering Federation, of which it is a member.

International Orienteering Federation
The International Orienteering Federation (IOF) is the international governing body of the sport of orienteering.  The IOF head office is located in Karlstad, Sweden. The IOF governs four orienteering disciplines: foot orienteering, mountain bike orienteering, ski orienteering, and trail orienteering.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Orienteering Federation suspended the membership of the Russian Orienteering Federation. The IOF also disallowed Russian orienteering athletes from participating in IOF events, even as neutral athletes, cancelled all organising rights for IOF events and activities in Russia, and suspended all Russian members appointed to IOF official bodies.
Titan Desert
The Garmin Titan Desert is a six-day multiple stage mountain bike race held annually in Morocco since 2006 through the Moroccan desert between the Atlas Mountains and Sahara Desert. The competition was founded by Jaime Alguersuari Sr.'s RPM-MKTG, and in 2017 Amaury Sport Organisation joined as partner.

Jaime Alguersuari Sr.
Jaime Alguersuari Tortajada (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxajme alɣeɾˈswaɾi]; also known as Jaime Alguersuari Sr., born April 2, 1950, in Barcelona, Spain), is a Spanish former Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He is the father of ex-Formula One driver Jaime Alguersuari.

He won the 250 cc category at the 1972 Bol d'Or at Le Mans on a Montesa.

In 1975, he and his brother José Maria founded the Solo Moto magazine. Through his companies Alesport and RPM, he invented indoor trial and endurocross with events at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona. In addition to motorcycling events, RPM has organized the World Series by Renault, the Barcelona Marathon, the Spanish stages of the Rally Dakar, and the Superprestigio Dirt Track.
Code page 951
Code page 951 is a code page number used for different purposes by IBM and Microsoft.

IBM uses the code page number 951 for their double-byte PC Data KS code, the double byte component of their code page 949, an encoding for the Korean language. See Code page 949 (IBM).

The code page number 951 was also used by Microsoft as part of a kludge for providing Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set (HKSCS-2001) support in Windows XP, in the file name of a replacement for code page 950 (Traditional Chinese) with Unicode mappings for some Extended User-defined Characters (EUDC) found in HKSCS. HKSCS characters without a Unicode mapping are assigned a Unicode Private Use Area (PUA) code point following previous practices. The IBM code page number for Big5 with HKSCS-2001 is 5471. See Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set § Microsoft Windows.

Kludge
A kludge or kluge (/klʌdʒ, kluːdʒ/) is a workaround or makeshift solution that is clumsy, inelegant, inefficient, difficult to extend, and hard to maintain.  Its only benefit is that it rapidly solves an important problem using available resources.  A famous example is the improvised CO2 scrubber that kept the astronauts alive on Apollo 13.   This term is used in diverse fields such as computer science, aerospace engineering, Internet slang, evolutionary neuroscience, animation and government. It is similar in meaning to the naval term jury rig.
TV 2 Østjylland
TV2 Østjylland is one of eight regional TV-stations in the TV 2 network in Denmark.  The station was founded in 1990, and the first news broadcast was made on 1 April the same year.  The station covers the eastern part of Jutland, which includes ten municipalities: Aarhus, Randers, Silkeborg, Horsens, Syddjurs, Norddjurs, Favrskov, Skanderborg, Odder and Samsø.

Norddjurs Municipality
Norddjurs Municipality (Danish: Norddjurs Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland in Denmark. It covers an area of 721.2 km2 and has a population of 36,658 (1 January 2025).

On 1 January 2007 Norddjurs municipality was created as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), consisting of the former municipalities of Grenå, Nørre Djurs and Rougsø, along with the eastern part of Sønderhald municipality. It includes the island of Anholt in its extreme northeast.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.