hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Macassar Village land occupation
The squatter's movement Abahlali baseMjondolo occupied a piece of vacant state owned land in Macassar Village, near Somerset West outside of Cape Town on 18 May 2009. The occupation was later destroyed by the city's anti-land invasion unit.

Cape Argus
The Cape Argus is a daily newspaper co-founded in 1857 by Saul Solomon and published by Sekunjalo in Cape Town, South Africa. It is commonly referred to as The Argus.

Although not the first English-language newspaper in South Africa, the Cape Argus was the first locally to use the telegraph for news gathering.

As of 2012, the Argus had a daily readership of 294 000, according to the South African Advertising Research Foundation's All Media Products Survey (Amps) Newspaper Readership and Trends. Its circulation for the first quarter of 2013 was 33247.

Jermaine Craig is the executive editor of the Cape Argus. He replaced Gasant Abarder, who resigned in early 2013 to take up a post at Primedia in the Western Cape.
Sander IL
Sander Idrettslag is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Sander in Sør-Odal Municipality in Innlandet county. It has sections for association football and Nordic skiing. The club was founded in 1920.

The men's football team plays in the 4. divisjon, the fifth tier of Norwegian football. It was a mainstay in the 3. divisjon from 1998 to 2010 and later had two shorter stints in 2012–2014 and 2016. Sander's proximity to the city of Kongsvinger meant that several players featured for Sander before or after playing for Kongsvinger IL, including Norway international Martin Linnes.

2016 Norwegian Third Division
The 2016 season of the 3. divisjon, the fourth highest association football league for men in Norway.

Between 22 and 26 games (depending on group size) were played in 12 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. No group winners were promoted to the 2. divisjon; instead the number of teams in the 3. divisjon was harshly reduced to make it a new tier of regional groups. Up to 9 teams from groups of 12 were relegated, making the 2017 4. divisjon the new highest tier of locally constituted groups.

On 19 September 2016, Erling Haaland became the youngest hat-trick scorer in the history of Norwegian football after scoring a hat-trick in Bryne's away 5–3 win over Haugesund 2 in the Group 6, at the age of 16 years and 2 months.
Live at Hampton Coliseum
Live at Hampton Coliseum is an album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  It was recorded on May 4, 1979, at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia.  Produced as a two-disc vinyl LP, in a limited edition of 7,900 numbered copies, it was released on April 19, 2014, in conjunction with Record Store Day.

The May 4, 1979 concert was the band's first show at Hampton Coliseum, and their third with then-new keyboardist Brent Mydland.

Record Store Day
Record Store Day is a semi-annual event established in 2008 to "celebrate the culture of the independently owned record store". Held on one Saturday (typically the third) every April and every Black Friday in November, the day brings together fans, artists, and thousands of independent record stores around the world. A number of records are pressed specifically for Record Store Day, with a list of releases for each country, and are only distributed to shops participating in the event.

The event originated in the United States and has expanded internationally, with official organizers in the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Europe, Japan, and Australia.
Sinhagad (film)
Sinhagad is a 1933 Marathi historical fact film directed by V. Shantaram.
The production company was Prabhat Film Company. The story was based on Hari Narayan Apte's literary classic novel "Gad Ala Pan Sinha Gela" (I Won The Fort But Lost A Lion). Apte was a famous Marathi novelist of the early twentieth century. The story's screenplay and dialogue were written by Narayan Hari Apte. The cinematographers were V. Avadhoot and Keshavrao Dhaiber. The cast included Master Vinayak, Baburao Pendharkar, Keshavrao Dhaiber, Leela Chandragiri, Shinde, Prabhavati, Budasaheb and Shankarrao Bhosle.

The film though based on the classic, followed the schematic pattern of the earlier silent film version by Baburao Painter Sinhagad (1923), and was based on Maratha Emperor Shivaji's Lieutenant, the Koli folk-hero Tanaji Malusare
The screenplay writer for both films was Narayan Hari Apte.

Koli people
The Koli people are an agriculturist caste of India, mostly found in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a criminal tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian government because of their anti-social activities; but during World War I, Kolis were recognised as a martial caste by British Indian Empire. Kolis of Gujarat were well-known pirates of Arabian Sea.

The Kolis form the largest caste cluster in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, comprising 24% and 30% of the total population in those states, respectively.
Els Bendheim
Els Salomon-Prins Bendheim (7 July 1923 – 12 January 2023, 23 Tammuz 5683 – 20 Tevet 5783) was a Dutch-born Orthodox Jewish philanthropist, theologian, author and photographer. In 2002, Bendheim was awarded the  Yakir Yerushalayim (Worthy Citizen of Jerusalem) prize for her contributions to the development of Jewish institutions in Jerusalem.

Tammuz (Hebrew month)
Tammuz (Hebrew: תַּמּוּז‎, Tammūz), or Tamuz, is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar, and the modern Assyrian calendar. It is a month of 29 days, which occurs on the Gregorian calendar around June–July.

The name of the month was adopted from the Assyrian and Babylonian month Araḫ Dumuzu, named in honour of the Mesopotamian deity Dumuzid.
7 Day Sunday
7 Day Sunday (7 Day Saturday in 2013) is a British comedy radio talk show hosted by Al Murray on BBC Radio 5 Live. Broadcast weekly on Sunday mornings, the show takes an irreverent look at the topical news stories of the past seven days.

Originally presented by Chris Addison: he was joined by regular guests Sarah Millican and Andy Zaltzman, and a fourth special guest each episode. It premièred in January 2010 to mixed reviews. It returned for a second series in September 2010. Al Murray served as host for the last five episodes of the second series, joined by regular guests Rebecca Front and Joe Wilkinson. The show returned for a third series in January 2012 with Murray hosting alongside Andy Zaltzman and Rebecca Front as the regular guests. A fourth series followed from September 2012.

Joe Wilkinson
Joseph Roland Wilkinson (born 11 February 1975) is an English comedian, actor, and screenwriter. He began his comedy career in 2004 and has supported Alan Carr and Russell Howard on tour. In 2006, Wilkinson won the Hackney Empire New Act of the Year.

Wilkinson has also made numerous appearances on television programmes such as Live at the Electric and has been touring solo since 2011. He began appearing on 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown in 2012, initially as Rachel Riley's assistant. He has since gone on to become a frequent panellist or guest team captain. He is also in the comedy duo Two Episodes of Mash, alongside Diane Morgan. In 2019 Wilkinson won a celebrity special version of The Great British Bake Off (for Stand Up to Cancer UK).
Olujić
Olujić (Serbian Cyrillic: Олујић) is a surname found in Serbia and Croatia. Notable people with the surname include:

Grozdana Olujić (1934–2019), Serbian writer, translator, editor, and critic

Krunoslav Olujić (born 1952), Croatian attorney

Tatjana Olujić, Serbian violinist and university professor

Tatjana Olujić
Tatjana Olujić (Serbian: Татјана Олујић) is a Serbian violinist and university professor. She is a professor at Faculty of Music Art in Belgrade having studied violin with the Professor Andre Gertler and the chamber music with the Maestro Van Den Doorn in Belgium.
Sialogogue
A sialogogue (also spelled sialagogue, ptysmagogue or ptyalagogue) is a substance, especially a medication, that increases the flow rate of saliva. The definition focuses on substances that promote production or secretion of saliva (proximal causation) rather than any food that is mouthwatering (distal causation that triggers proximal causation).

Sialogogues can be used in the treatment of xerostomia (the subjective feeling of having a dry mouth), to stimulate any functioning salivary gland tissue to produce more saliva. Saliva has a bactericidal effect, so when low levels of it are secreted, the risk of caries increases. Not only this, but fungal infections such as oral candidosis also can be a consequence of low salivary flow rates. The buffer effect of saliva is also important, neutralising acids that cause tooth enamel demineralisation.

Buffer solution
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
Hampden Bridge, Kangaroo Valley
Hampden Bridge is a heritage-listed single-span suspension bridge that carries Moss Vale Road (B73) across the Kangaroo River, in Kangaroo Valley, in the City of Shoalhaven local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The bridge was designed by Ernest de Burgh and built by Loveridge and Hudson. The property is owned by Transport for NSW. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 August 2019.

Opened on 19 May 1898, the bridge is named in honour of Lord Hampden, the Governor of New South Wales from 1895 to 1899.

Hume Highway
The Hume Highway, including the sections now known as the Hume Freeway and the Hume Motorway, is one of Australia's major inter-city national highways, running for 840 kilometres (520 mi) between Melbourne in the northeast and Sydney in the southwest. Upgrading of the route from Sydney's outskirts to Melbourne's outskirts to dual carriageway was completed on 7 August 2013.

From north to south, the road is called the Hume Highway in metropolitan Sydney, the Hume Motorway between the Cutler Interchange and Berrima, the Hume Highway elsewhere in New South Wales and the Hume Freeway in Victoria. It is part of the Auslink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities as well as serving Albury–Wodonga and Canberra. It is therefore considered to be Australia's longest highway in terms of its dual-carriageway standard retaining the M, or motorway, alphanumeric.
Beach Rats
Beach Rats is a 2017 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Eliza Hittman. It stars Harris Dickinson in his feature film debut, with Madeline Weinstein and Kate Hodge in supporting roles. It follows an aimless Brooklyn teenager who struggles to reconcile his competing sexual desires, leaving him hurtling towards irreparable consequences.

The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2017, where Hittman won the Directing Award: U.S. Dramatic. It was theatrically released in the United States on August 25, 2017, by Neon. It received positive reviews from critics, who particularly praised Hittman's direction, Dickinson's performance, and the cinematography. At the 33rd Independent Spirit Awards, it garnered two nominations: Best Male Lead (for Dickinson) and Best Cinematography (for Louvart).

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Minbaşılı
Minbashyly (Azerbaijani: Minbaşılı) is a village in the Jabrayil district of Azerbaijan, located on Araz plain, 6 km south of the city of Jabrayil, on the right bank of Chaylag River (the left tributary of the Araz).

Jabrayil District
Jabrayil District (Azerbaijani: Cəbrayıl rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-west of the country and belongs to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojavend, Fuzuli, Qubadli, Zangilan, and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Its capital is Jabrayil, however since the city is completely ruined following its occupation by ethnic Armenian forces, the current de facto capital is Jojug Marjanly until Jabrayil is rebuilt. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 81,700.
Hjørring County
Hjørring County (Danish: Hjørring Amt) is a former province in Denmark, located on the northern tip of Jutland and encompassing most of the island of Vendsyssel-Thy and the island of Læsø. Hjørring County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Aalborg County forming the new North Jutland County.

The region  belonged to Vendsyssel during the Middle Ages. In 1542, the north Jutland region was reorganised as Aalborghus Len. This province was divided in 1662 forming Aalborghus County and Aastrup, Sejlstrup and Børglum County.

The latter province was divided again in 1793 and the bulk of its territory was reorganised as Hjørring County. Smaller parts of the province became parts of the counties of Thisted and Aalborg. This division lasted from 1793 to 1970 when the Hjørring and Aalborg Counties merged, forming the new North Jutland County.

Hjørring County featured the market towns (købstæder) of Brønderslev, Frederikshavn, Hjørring, Skagen, and Sæby.

Brønderslev
Brønderslev is a city in Denmark with a population of 12,946 (1 January 2025). The city is the largest urban area in Brønderslev Municipality and is the municipal seat. It is the fourth largest city of Vendsyssel within the North Jutland Region.
1955 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1955 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 61st staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Cappamore were the defending champions.

Ahane won the championship after a 4–04 to 2–02 defeat of Geraldines in the final. It was their 16th championship and first title since 1948.

Cappamore GAA
Cappamore GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the village of Cappamore in County Limerick, Ireland. The club is a member of the East Division of Limerick GAA. The main game played by the club is hurling, which has teams at all grades from under 6 to senior. Football is also played from under 6 to junior level. The club's colours are green and gold.
Rob Martin (bishop)
Robert David Markland (Rob) Martin (born 1949) was the first Bishop of Marsabit in the Anglican Church of Kenya.

Martin was educated at Woodcote House School and Bradfield College. For university he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge and Trinity College, Bristol. He was ordained deacon in 1991, priest in 1992 and bishop in 2008. After a curacy in Kingswood he was Vicar of Frome from 1995 until his appointment as bishop. He was consecrated in March 2008, to serve as suffragan Bishop of Marsabit mission area of the All Saints' Cathedral Diocese; with the area's erection into the Anglican Diocese of Marsabit on 24 July 2011, he was installed as diocesan bishop. He retired back to the UK in 2016.

Anglican Church of Kenya
The Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) is a province of the Anglican Communion, and it is composed by 41 dioceses. The current Leader and Archbishop of Kenya is Jackson Ole Sapit. The Anglican Church of Kenya claims nearly 6 million total members. According to a study published in the Journal of Anglican Studies and by Cambridge University Press, the ACK claims 5 million adherents, with no official definition of membership, with nearly 2 million officially affiliated members, and between 310,000 - 400,000 active  members. The church became part of the Province of East Africa in 1960, but Kenya and Tanzania were divided into separate provinces in 1970.
Gaelle Mys
Gaelle Mys (born 16 November 1991) is a Belgian artistic gymnast. The 2007 and 2008 senior all-around Belgian National Champion and the 2006 junior European bronze medalist on the floor exercise, Mys qualified as an individual to represent Belgium at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

At the Olympics, Mys qualified for the all-around final with a total score of 57.150, a personal best. In the all-around competition, she placed 24th with a 53.90 score.

In July 2012, Mys was selected to replace an injured Julie Crocket as Belgium's representative at the 2012 Olympic Games in women's artistic gymnastics. This was her second Olympic Games. At the 2013 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, Mys finished 18th in the all-around.

She also participated at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

As well as three Olympic Games, Mys took part in five World Championships (2010, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015), the 2014 and 2016 European Championships and the 2015 European Games.

2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Tokyo, Japan, from October 7–16, 2011, at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium. 
Due to uncertainty over the nuclear situation following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the International Federation of Gymnastics revealed it was considering moving the event, but on May 22 FIG president Bruno Grandi announced that the World Championships would take place in Tokyo as planned.
The Other Conquest
The Other Conquest (Spanish: La Otra Conquista) is a 1999 Mexican historical drama film written and directed by Salvador Carrasco, produced by Alvaro Domingo, and executive produced by Plácido Domingo. The film is set during the aftermath of the 1520s Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire, viewed primarily from the perspective of the Aztecs. The plot begins after the Massacre in the Great Temple in Tenochtitlan, and follows a lone Aztec scribe named Topiltzin [toˈpiɬt͡sin], who is captured by Hernan Cortés and placed in the care of a friar.

Samuel Zyman's score was recorded by the Academy of Saint Martin in the Fields, conducted by David Snell and performed by Plácido Domingo.  Released by Twentieth Century Fox in 1999, the film received positive reviews and was a Mexican box office success. The film was rereleased in the United States in 2007.

Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. The city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century until it was captured by the Tlaxcaltec and the Spanish in 1521.

At its peak, it was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.  Today, the ruins of Tenochtitlan are in the historic center of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of Xochimilco contains what remains of the geography (water, boats, floating gardens) of the Mexica capital.

Tenochtitlan was one of two Mexica āltepētl (city-states or polities) on the island, the other being Tlatelolco.
Ascyltus
Ascyltus are a genus of jumping spiders in the family Salticidae that was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1878. As of December 2020, the genus contained 10 species. Ascyltus spiders utilize their vision in courtship, hunting, and navigation.  They are typically large to medium-sized salticids and often move relatively slowly. However, they are capable of agile jumps when moving, hunting, or to avoid predators. They have well-developed book lungs and tracheal systems, and they are capable of utilizing both systems. Ascyltus have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being the most prominent. One distinguishable characteristic of the genus is their antero-lateral carapace, which is iridescently coloured.

Ferdinand Karsch
Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch (2 September 1853, in Münster – 20 December 1936, in Berlin) was a German arachnologist, entomologist and anthropologist. He also wrote on human and animal sexual diversity with his mother's maiden name included as Ferdinand Karsch-Haack from around 1905.
Polesian Lowland
The Polesian Lowland is a lowland in the southwestern portion of the East European Plain in the drainage basins of several rivers including the Dnieper, Pripyat and Desna. It stretches along the Belarus–Ukraine border. It basically defines the historical region of  Polesia.

It is politically split into the Belarusian Polesia in the south of Belarus, Ukrainian Polissya in the north of Ukraine (where Волинське, Рівненське, Житомирське, Київське Полісся are distinguished), the eastern part of the lowland extends into Bryansk Oblast in the Russian Federation, and the western part extends into Poland.

Desna (river)
The Desna (Russian and Ukrainian: Десна) is a river in Russia and Ukraine, a major left-tributary of the Dnieper. Its name in Old East Slavic: деснъ means lit. "right hand". It has a length of 1,130 km (702 mi), and its drainage basin covers 88,900 km2 (34,324 sq mi).

In Ukraine, the river's width ranges from 60 to 250 metres (200 to 820 ft), with its average depth being 3 m (10 ft). The mean annual discharge at its mouth is 360 m3/s (13,000 cu ft/s). The river freezes over from early December to early April, and is navigable from Novhorod-Siverskyi to its mouth, a length of about 535 km (332 mi).

The water level of the river reached its lowest recorded point in 140 years in June 2020. This water level was 5 m (16 ft) below normal for that time of year.
PAQ
PAQ  is a series of lossless data compression archivers that have gone through collaborative development to top rankings on several benchmarks measuring compression ratio (although at the expense of speed and memory usage).  Specialized versions of PAQ have won the Hutter Prize and the Calgary Challenge.  PAQ is free software distributed under the GNU General Public License.

BMP file format
The BMP file format, or bitmap, is a raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter), especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems.

The BMP file format is capable of storing two-dimensional digital images in various color depths, and optionally with data compression, alpha channels, and color profiles. The Windows Metafile (WMF) specification covers the BMP file format.
Battle of Hodów
The Battle of Hodów took place between the Kingdom of Poland and Crimean Khanate forces, fought in June 1694 in the Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, near the village of Hodów (now in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine). Often it is called the Polish Thermopylae, like the Battle of Wizna.

Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.