hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of globalization
Globalization has been said to have several main dimensions.

Manfred Steger, professor of Global Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa argues that globalization has four main dimensions: economic, political, cultural, and ecological, with ideological aspects of each category. David Held's book Global Transformations is organized around the same dimensions, though the ecological is not listed in the title. This set of categories relates to the four-domain approach of circles of social life, and Circles of Sustainability.

Steger compares the current study of globalization to the ancient Buddhist parable of blind scholars and their first encounter with an elephant. Similar to the blind scholars, some globalization scholars are too focused on compacting globalization into a singular process and clashes over “which aspect of social life constitutes its primary domain” prevail.

Circles of Sustainability
Circles of Sustainability is a method for understanding and assessing sustainability, and for project management directed towards socially sustainable outcomes. It is intended to handle 'seemingly intractable problems' such as outlined in sustainable development debates. The method is mostly used for cities and urban settlements.

The style of the charts themselves could be described as a mixture of radar chart and bar chart.
Erik von Holst
Erik von Holst (30 August 1894, in Vaivara Parish, Estonia – 31 May 1962, in Eutin, West Germany) was an Estonian/German sailor and ice sailor who represented Estonia in the 1936 Summer Olympics in the men's olympic monotype class. He also designed and constructed the International Monotype-XV ice yacht.

Eutin
Eutin (German pronunciation: [ɔʏˈtiːn] ⓘ) is the district capital of Eastern Holstein county located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein. As of December 2022, the town had some 17,000 inhabitants.
2013 Food City 500
The 2013 Food City 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on March 17, 2013, at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee. Contested over 500 laps on the 0.533 mile (0.858 km) concrete oval, it was the fourth race of the 2013 Sprint Cup Series championship. Kasey Kahne of Hendrick Motorsports won the race, while Kyle Busch finished second. Brad Keselowski, Kurt Busch, and Clint Bowyer rounded out the top five.

Paul Menard
John Paul Christian Menard (born August 21, 1980) is an American professional racing driver who currently competes full-time in the Trans-Am Series, driving the No. 3 Ford Mustang for 3GT Racing. Menard is the 2024 and 2025 Trans-Am Series champion in the TA class.

Menard competed full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series from 2007 to 2019, driving for Dale Earnhardt Inc., Yates Racing, Richard Petty Motorsports, Richard Childress Racing, and Wood Brothers Racing. He retired from full-time competition after the 2019 season. He has also competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series in the past, including running part-time with Andy Petree Racing in 2003 and 2004, full-time with DEI in 2005 and 2006, and full-time with Roush Fenway Racing in 2010. He has won one Cup Series race (the 2011 Brickyard 400), three Xfinity Series races, and one ARCA Menards Series race.

He is the son of entrepreneur John Menard Jr., the founder of the Menards chain of home improvement stores.
Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart
Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ʒystɛ̃ maʁi makaʁ]; 8 April 1778 – 25 November 1855) was a French entomologist specialising in the study of flies. He worked on world species as well as European and described many new species.

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (French pronunciation: [etjɛn ʒɔfʁwa sɛ̃t‿ilɛʁ]; 15 April 1772 – 19 June 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition".  He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories.  Geoffroy's scientific views had a transcendental flavor (unlike Lamarck's materialistic views) and were similar to those of German morphologists like Lorenz Oken. He believed in the underlying unity of organismal design, and the possibility of the transmutation of species in time, amassing evidence for his claims through research in comparative anatomy, paleontology, and embryology. He is considered as a predecessor of the evo-devo evolutionary concept.
Cuarto River
The Cuarto River (Spanish: Río Cuarto, 'Fourth River'), also known as the Saladillo River, is a river of Argentina which crosses the southern part of the Province of Córdoba, and merges with the Tercero River to form the Carcarañá River (a tributary of the Paraná River via the Coronda River). The Cuarto River is also known as Cochancharava, the name given to it by the Ranquel Indians.

The name Saladillo is generally used for the lower course, below the Bañado del Río Saladillo wetland.

Córdoba Province, Argentina
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north) Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja, and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.

Córdoba is the second-most populous Argentine province, with 3,978,984 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, Córdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.
Big Sable Point Light
Big Sable Point Light is a lighthouse on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan in the U.S. state of Michigan.  It is located within Ludington State Park just north of the city of Ludington.  First constructed in 1867, it continues to be an active navigational aid.

Navigational aid
A navigational aid (NAVAID), also known as aid to navigation (ATON), is any sort of signal, markers or guidance equipment which aids the traveller in navigation, usually nautical or aviation travel.  Common types of such aids include lighthouses, buoys, fog signals, and day beacons.
W264AK
WQQO-HD2 (105.5-2 FM) – branded 100.7 The Ticket – is a digital subchannel of Sylvania radio station WQQO (105.5 FM). Owned by Cumulus Media, WQQO-HD2 functions as a commercial sports radio station, serving the Toledo metropolitan area and much of surrounding Northwest Ohio, and also acts as the Toledo market affiliate for ESPN Radio and the Michigan Sports Network. Using the proprietary technology HD Radio for its main digital transmission, WQQO-HD2 also rebroadcasts over low-power analog Toledo translator W264AK (100.7 FM), and streams online. The WQQO-HD2 studios, and the WQQO-HD2 and W264AK transmitters, are co-located in Toledo's Scott Park neighborhood.

Northwest Ohio
Northwest Ohio, or Northwestern Ohio, consists of multiple counties in the northwestern corner of the US state of Ohio. This area borders Lake Erie, Southeast Michigan, and northeastern Indiana. Some areas are also considered the Black Swamp area. The Toledo metropolitan area is part of the region.

Northwest Ohio's population in 2000 was 1,639,144 and is declining, specifically in the northern regions (counties shaded in the darker blue and Allen County). However, southern areas, such as Marion and Morrow counties, and the city of Findlay are growing.
Karpa Island
55°30′38″N 160°02′57″W﻿ / ﻿55.51056°N 160.04917°W﻿ / 55.51056; -160.04917

Karpa Island is a small island in Aleutians East Borough, Alaska, United States. It lies just south of the Alaska Peninsula's Stepovak Bay. The island has a land area of 1.861 km2 (459.77 acres) and is unpopulated.

Alaska Peninsula
The Alaska Peninsula (also called the Aleut Peninsula or the Aleutian Peninsula, Aleut: Alaxsxix̂; Sugpiaq: Aluuwiq, Al'uwiq) is a peninsula extending about 497 mi (800 km) to the southwest from the mainland of Alaska and ending in the Aleutian Islands. The peninsula separates the Pacific Ocean from Bristol Bay, an arm of the Bering Sea.

In literature (especially Russian), the term Alaska Peninsula was used to denote the entire north-western protrusion of the North American continent, or all of what is now the state of Alaska, exclusive of its panhandle and islands. The Lake and Peninsula borough, the Alaskan equivalent of a county, is named after the peninsula.

The Alaska/Aleutian Peninsula is also grouped into Southwest Alaska.

The other large peninsulas in Alaska include the Kenai Peninsula and the Seward Peninsula.
Akosombo
Akosombo is a small town in the south of the Asuogyaman District, Eastern Region, Ghana with notable street names of some African countries in the sub-region like Ghana, Congo, Namibia, Lagos-town, and Freetown. It is occupied by people of diverse ethnic backgrounds, like the Akans, Ewe, Krobo and other ethnic groups. Akosombo is north of the Adomi Bridge at Atimpoku, which is a 3 to 5 minute drive away.

Adomi Bridge
The Adomi Bridge (originally the Volta Bridge) is a latticed steel arch suspension bridge crossing the Volta River at Atimpoku in Ghana in West Africa. It is the first permanent bridge to span the Volta River, which drains south into the Gulf of Guinea, and is Ghana's longest suspension bridge. It provides the main road passage, just south of the Akosombo Dam, between the Eastern Region and the Volta Region of Ghana. It was opened in 1957 by Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's first president. The iconic crescent-shaped arch bridge is featured in Ghanaian stamps and currency.
Doi Toshitada
Doi Toshitada (土井利忠; May 24, 1811 – January 15, 1869) was the 7th Doi daimyō of Ōno Domain in Echizen Province, Honshū, Japan (modern-day Fukui Prefecture). Before the Meiji Restoration, his courtesy title was  Noto-no-kami, and his Court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade.

Courtesy title
A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but is rather used by custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title).

In some contexts, courtesy title is used to mean the more general concept of a title or honorific such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, Madam, Sir for those who have not been awarded a knighthood or a baronetcy, as well as Dr. for physicians who have not actually achieved a doctorate.
Evangeline (song)
Evangeline is a 1993 single by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins. It was recorded and mixed at September Sound in London, and released in September 1993 by record label Fontana. The song, written by group members Elizabeth Fraser, Robin Guthrie and Simon Raymonde, was a moderate hit in several countries and very popular in Portugal. It was included on the band's seventh studio album, Four-Calendar Café (1993). The accompanying music video for "Evangeline" was directed by German film director Nico Beyer.

Nico Beyer
Nico Beyer (born 15 June 1964) is a German film director and producer. He is noted for his unique visual style and wide array of different techniques and formats.

His commercial work has won him numerous, international awards, such as gold and silver Lions in Cannes, Clio Awards, Cresta International Advertising Awards, ADC, LIA, CICLOPE, D&AD, New York Festivals, Eurobest, Red Dot Awards, among many others.

Beyer is well known for his video collaborations with the Pet Shop Boys, The Verve, They Might Be Giants and Suzanne Vega, as well as for his award-winning advertising campaigns.
1997 Boston Marathon
The 1997 Boston Marathon was the 101st running of the annual marathon race in Boston, United States, which was held on April 21. The elite men's race was won by Kenya's Lameck Aguta in a time of 2:10:34 hours and the women's race was won by Ethiopia's Fatuma Roba in 2:26:23.

Fatuma Roba
Fatuma Roba (Amharic: ፋጡማ ሮባ; born 18 December 1973) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner, best known for being the first African woman to win a gold medal in the women's Olympic marathon race, at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and for winning three successive Boston Marathons.
Storm Cone
Storm Cone is a cinder cone in northern British Columbia, Canada. It is thought to have last erupted in the Holocene period and lies on the Desolation lava field which is part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
Manolo Valdés
Manolo Valdés (born March 8, 1942) is a Spanish artist residing in New York, working in paint, sculpture, and mixed media. He introduced to Spain a form of expression that combined political and social obligations with humor and irony.

Mixed media
In visual art, mixed media describes artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different media. Materials used to create mixed media art include, but are not limited to, paint, cloth, paper, wood and found objects.

Mixed media art is distinguished from multimedia art which combines visual art with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music, or interactivity.
Bürgenstock Resort
46°59′48″N 8°22′46″E﻿ / ﻿46.996601°N 8.3793878°E﻿ / 46.996601; 8.3793878

Bürgenstock Resort Lake Lucerne is a Swiss luxury resort and tourism complex situated above Lake Lucerne in Canton of Nidwalden, Switzerland. The resort is located on the Bürgenberg and comprises a total of 30 buildings, including three hotels, residences, two spas, a conference centre and a number of leisure facilities. It is the largest integrated hotel resort in Switzerland. The complex is built above a ridge offering north-facing views of the lake 500 metres below. Linking resort and lake is the Bürgenstock Funicular. Views to the south encompass mountains and scattered settlements on their flanks. The resort is of cultural and historical significance.

After major works that began in 2014, the resort was reopened in 2017.

Ridge
A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform, structural feature, or a combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep sides. The sides of a ridge slope away from a narrow top, the crest or ridgecrest, with the terrain dropping down on either side. The crest, if narrow, is also called a ridgeline. Limitations on the dimensions of a ridge are lacking. Its height above the surrounding terrain can vary from less than a meter to hundreds of meters. A ridge can be either depositional, erosional, tectonic, or a combination of these in origin and can consist of either bedrock, loose sediment, lava, or ice depending on its origin. A ridge can occur as either an isolated, independent feature or part of a larger geomorphological and/or structural feature. Frequently, a ridge can be further subdivided into smaller geomorphic or structural elements.
2023–24 Wofford Terriers women's basketball team
The 2023–24 Wofford Terriers women's basketball team represented Wofford College during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Terriers, who were led by eighth-year head coach Jimmy Garrity, played their home games at Jerry Richardson Indoor Stadium in Spartanburg, South Carolina as members of the Southern Conference (SoCon).

The Terriers finished the season 17–13, 8–6 in SoCon play, to finish in a three-way tie for second place. They defeated Samford before falling to UNC Greensboro in the semifinals of the SoCon tournament.

2023–24 Samford Bulldogs women's basketball team
The 2023–24 Samford Bulldogs women's basketball team represented Samford University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Bulldogs, who were led by fifth-year head coach Carley Kuhns, played their home games at the Pete Hanna Center in Homewood, Alabama as members of the Southern Conference (SoCon).
1988 Virginia Slims of Dallas – Doubles
Mary Lou Piatek and Anne White were the defending champions but only Piatek – now married with the surname of Daniels – competed that year with Barbara Gerken.

Daniels and Gerken lost in the first round to Hu Na and Stephanie Rehe.

Lori McNeil and Eva Pfaff won in the final 2–6, 6–4, 7–5 against Gigi Fernández and Zina Garrison.

Hu Na
Hu Na (Chinese: 胡娜; pinyin: Hú Nà; born April 16, 1963) is a former professional tennis player best known for defecting from the People's Republic of China to the United States in 1982, thereby sparking a Cold War-era diplomatic incident. Diplomatic relations between the two countries had been established in 1979, and the Hu Na incident was among the first major tests of those newly established relations.
Madhu Bangarappa
Sarekoppa Bangarappa Madhukumar, also known as Madhu Bangarappa is an Indian politician, producer and actor from Karnataka. He is currently serving as Cabinet Minister in Government of Karnataka and a Member of Karnataka Legislative Assembly representing Sorab Assembly constituency. The State Congress Party declared him as OBC president of state. He is the present Primary and Secondary Education Minister of Karnataka 2023.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Petit Bois Island
Petit Bois Island is a barrier island off the Mississippi Gulf Coast, south of Pascagoula, and one of the Mississippi–Alabama barrier islands. It is part of Jackson County, Mississippi. Since 1971 it has been a part of Gulf Islands National Seashore, administered by the U.S. National Park Service.

According to the United States Geological Survey, variant names are l'Isle de Petit Bois (French, modern spelling would be l'île) and Petitbois Island. Petit bois in French means "little woods". The island was so named by the early French explorers due to a small wooded section located on the eastern end of this mostly sand and scrub-covered island. Following the island's inundation during Hurricane Katrina, most of the trees comprising the little woods section have died.

Pascagoula, Mississippi
Pascagoula (/pæskəɡulə/ PASS-kuh-GOOL-uh) is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is the principal city of the Pascagoula metropolitan area, and is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi–Pascagoula combined statistical area and the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area. Its population was 22,010 at the 2020 census, down from 22,392 at the 2010 census and 26,200 at the 2000 census.

The city is served by three airports: Mobile Regional Airport, 34 miles (55 km) to the northeast in Alabama; Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport, about 40 miles (64 km) west of Pascagoula; and the Trent Lott International Airport, 9 miles (14 km) to the north in Jackson County. Amtrak service also began serving the city when the Mardi Gras Service debuted on August 18, 2025.
North Carolina Symphony
The North Carolina Symphony (NCS) is an American orchestra based in Raleigh, North Carolina, with sixty-six full-time musicians. The orchestra performs in Meymandi Concert Hall and performs occasionally with the Carolina Ballet and the Opera Company of North Carolina. In 2017–18, the organization celebrated its 85th anniversary season. Concert series are also performed across North Carolina in the cities of Chapel Hill, Cary, Southern Pines, New Bern, Wilmington, and Fayetteville, among others.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapel Hill is a town in the counties of Orange and Durham, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 61,960 in the 2020 United States census, making Chapel Hill the 17th-most populous municipality in the state. Chapel Hill and Durham make up the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 608,879 in 2023. When it is combined with Raleigh, the state capital, they make up the corners of the Research Triangle (officially the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area), which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.

The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street, covering 21.3 square miles (55 km2). It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence. Local artists have created many murals in the town.
AMC – Andrzej M. Chołdzyński
AMC – Andrzej M. Chołdzyński formerly AMC and Associates (Polish: AMC i Partnerzy) – is a Polish studio for architecture with headquarters in Warsaw. It was started by Andrzej M. Chołdzyński in 1998.

The core of the design team became architects most of which gained experience throughout-entier design-investment cycle of original designs of Andrzej M. Chołdzyński (co-designer Stanislas Fiszer) of the Stock Exchange Centre buildings in Książęca Street and Plac Wilsona metro station in Warsaw.

The studio has created projects including the complex of office buildings "Lipowy Office Park", Centre for Innovation and Advanced Technologies in Lublin, Warsaw metro stations: A18 "Plac Wilsona", A22 "Wawrzyszew", A23 "Młociny".

Wawrzyszew metro station
Metro Wawrzyszew, located at the corner of Kasprowicza and Lindego Street, became the 20th working station on Line M1 of the Warsaw Metro when it opened on 25 October 2008 as part of the extension from Słodowiec to Młociny. It was designed by Polish architect Andrzej M. Chołdzyński.
SS Panzer Brigade Gross
SS Panzer Brigade Gross was a unit of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II, under the command of Obersturmbannführer Martin Gross. The brigade was formed from the SS Panzer Training and Replacement Regiment based in Dundaga, Latvia and the SS Panzer Troop Training Regiment Seelager based at the training grounds at Ventspils together with the SS Reconnaissance Training Battalion in August 1944. The brigade consisted of two infantry battalions, a panzer battalion of two companies with Panzer III and Panzer IV, a reconnaissance battalion, a StuG battalion, a pioneer company and a Flak company.

The brigade participated in the fighting in Courland and Riga in August and September before it was transferred west to training grounds in Sennelager and Steinhagen in November where it was broken up for replacements. It was not formally disbanded until April 1945.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".