hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vincenzo Galli
Vincenzo Galli (1798 – 23 November 1858) was an Italian opera singer and impresario. Considered an outstanding basso buffo singer, he created many roles on Italian stages, including in two of Donizetti's operas: Ivano in Otto mesi in due ore and Cesare Salzapariglia in Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali. Luigi Ricci composed the role of Michelotto in his opera Chiara di Rosembergh specifically for Galli's voice.

Impresario
An impresario (from Italian impresa 'an enterprise or undertaking') is a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas, performing a role in stage arts that is similar to that of a film or television producer.
Constraint counting
In mathematics, constraint counting is counting the number of constraints in order to compare it with the number of variables, parameters, etc. that are free to be determined, the idea being that in most cases the number of independent choices that can be made is the excess of the latter over the former.

For example, in linear algebra if the number of constraints (independent equations) in a system of linear equations equals the number of unknowns then precisely one solution exists; if there are fewer independent equations than unknowns, an infinite number of solutions exist; and if the number of independent equations exceeds the number of unknowns, then no solutions exist.

In the context of partial differential equations, constraint counting is a crude but often useful way of counting the number of free functions needed to specify a solution to a partial differential equation.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Oscar López (footballer, born 1937)
Oscar López (born 11 December 1937 in Lanús) is a retired Argentinian midfielder, and a current football manager.

López started his playing career in 1957 with Independiente. In 1960, he moved down a division to play for Banfield where he was part of the team that won the Argentine 2nd division in 1962.

In 1966 he had an unsuccessful spell with Boca Juniors which was plagued by injuries. He then played for   Quilmes before returning to Banfield where he retired in 1971.

López then went on to become a football coach. He has had spells as manager of many teams including Arsenal de Sarandí, Ferro Carril Oeste, Textil Mandiyú, Banfield, Deportivo Español, Quilmes and Huracán in Argentina. He has also coached in Armenia, where he won the league title with Pyunik Yerevan and coached the Armenia national team.

Deportivo Español
Club Social, Deportivo y Cultural Español de la República Argentina (commonly referred to as Deportivo Español) is an Argentine sports club from the Parque Avellaneda district of Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in the Primera C, the fourth division of the Argentine football league system.

Apart from football, other activities practised at the club are futsal, handball, roller hockey, table tennis.
Oyster Yachts
Oyster Yachts (formerly Oyster Marine) is a British brand of luxury cruising sailing yachts established in 1973. The company is based in Southampton but with foundation and ongoing strong links to Wroxham  and Ipswich.

Boot Düsseldorf
The Düsseldorf International Boat Show (German: Internationale Bootsausstellung Düsseldorf), more commonly known as boot Düsseldorf or just boot (German pronunciation: [boːt]) is one of the world's premier boat shows.

With some 1,600 exhibitors from over 50 countries, boot Düsseldorf is considered a benchmark for the international boat and water sports industry. Unparalleled at other major boat shows, large vessels up to 180 grt can be looked on in their entirety, as the exhibition is a complete indoor event. Boot Düsseldorf is held annually at Messe Düsseldorf, Germany, for the duration of a week in the end of January.
James E. Bowman
James Edward Bowman Jr. (February 5, 1923 – September 28, 2011) was an American physician and specialist in pathology, hematology, and genetics.  He was a professor of pathology and genetics at the Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago. He published more than ninety works across the fields of human genetics; population genetics; and ethical, legal and public policy issues in human genetics. He received many awards, including the Chicago African American History Makers Award and recognition from the Hastings Center and Stanford’s Kaiser Family Foundation, and Howard University.

Pritzker School of Medicine
The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine is the M.D.-granting unit within the Biological Sciences Division of the University of Chicago. It is located on the university's main campus in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago and matriculated its first class in 1927. It offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, joint degree programs, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education.  Its primary teaching hospital is the University of Chicago Medical Center.
Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas
LAP - Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas (also referred to as LAP and later LAPSA Air Paraguay) was a Paraguayan airline that was founded in November 1962 to be the flag carrier airline of Paraguay. Its main hub was Silvio Pettirossi International Airport, in Asunción. The airline ceased operations in 1996 after being sold to TAM Linhas Aéreas.

Ministro Pistarini International Airport
Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional Ministro Pistarini) (IATA: EZE, ICAO: SAEZ), also known as Ezeiza International Airport owing to its location in Ezeiza in Greater Buenos Aires, is an international airport 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-southwest of the autonomous city of Buenos Aires, the capital city of Argentina. Covering 3,475 hectares (13.42 sq mi; 8,590 acres), it is one of two commercial airports serving Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area, along with Aeroparque Jorge Newbery. Pistarini Airport is the country's largest international airport by number of passengers handled—85% of international traffic—and is a hub for international flights of Aerolíneas Argentinas, which operates domestic services from the airport as well. It has been operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 S.A. since 1998.
Parornix spiraeifoliella
Parornix spiraeifoliella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from British Columbia, Canada.

The larvae feed on Spiraea species. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a much wrinkled mine on the underside of the leaf.

Spiraea
Spiraea /spaɪˈriːə/, sometimes spelled spirea in common names, and commonly known as meadowsweets or steeplebushes, is a genus of about 80 to 100 species of shrubs in the family Rosaceae. They are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity in eastern Asia.

The genus formerly included the herbaceous species now segregated into the genera Filipendula and Aruncus; recent genetic evidence has shown that Filipendula is only distantly related to Spiraea, belonging in the subfamily Rosoideae.
Margi Geerlinks
Margi Geerlinks (born 1970) is a Dutch photographer.

Born in Kampen, Overijssel, Geerlinks lives and works in Rotterdam. She graduated from the Rietveld Academy in 1991, the Art Academy Constantyn Huygens in 1995, and the Masters Program at the Sandberg Institute in 1997. Her work is described as being "concerned with the ways the human species creates an identity for themselves, and the forces that seem to govern this process", and she digitally manipulates her photographs to achieve the desired effect.

A 1999 work by Geerlinks, Untitled, is owned by the Mint Museum. Her photograph Eve II was donated to the National Museum of Women in the Arts by Heather and Tony Podesta. The museum also owns the 2001 work Living Dolls, which was formerly in the collection of the Corcoran Gallery of Art.

Gerrit Rietveld Academie
The Gerrit Rietveld Academie, also known as Rietveld School of Art & Design and Rietveld Academy, is an art academy in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was founded in 1924 and offers programs in fine arts and design.
Parvaz, Iran
Parvaz (Persian: پروز, also Romanized as Pervaz) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, Falard District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 20 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Poshtkuh Rural District (Falard County)
Poshtkuh Rural District (Persian: دهستان پشتكوه) is in Emamzadeh Hasan District of Falard County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Darreh Namdari. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh Sukhteh.
Máel Ísa Ó Raghallaigh
Máel Ísa Ó Raghallaigh, also known as Myles O'Reilly (born c. 1636), was an Irish harper.

Ó Raghallaigh was a native of Killincarra, County Cavan, previously part of the Kingdom of Breifne, which his ancestors had ruled (see East Breifne).

He was the composer of the air known as "Lochaber", first printed by Thomas Duffet in 1676.

Mingulay Boat Song
The "Mingulay Boat Song" is a song written by Sir Hugh S. Roberton (1874–1952) in the 1930s. The melody is described in Roberton's Songs of the Isles as a traditional Gaelic tune, probably titled "Lochaber". The tune was part of an old Gaelic song, "Òran na Comhachaig" (the 'Creag Ghuanach' portion); from Brae Lochaber.  The song describes fishermen sailing homeward to the isle of Mingulay where their families wait.
Egg-mimic darter
The egg-mimic darter (Etheostoma pseudovulatum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it is only known from the Duck River drainage of Tennessee. It inhabits creeks and headwaters, living in pools with very slow current.  This species can reach a length of 6.1 cm (2.4 in). The fish's common name refers to round, fish egg-like yellow knobs projecting from the rays of the male's second dorsal fin, these "false eggs" attract females to spawn with the male.

Gymnocephalus
Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
Bob Livingstone
Robert Edward Livingstone (May 11, 1922 – August 1, 2013) was an American football halfback who played two seasons in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) with the Chicago Rockets/Hornets and Buffalo Bills. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) in the 22nd round of the 1945 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of Notre Dame and attended Hammond High School in Hammond, Indiana.

Hammond, Indiana
Hammond (/ˈhæmənd/ HAM-ənd) is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. Located along Lake Michigan, it is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the only city in Indiana to border Chicago. As of the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in Indiana, with 77,879 residents. It was first settled in the mid-19th century and it is one of the oldest cities of northern Lake County.

From north to south, Hammond runs from Lake Michigan to the Little Calumet River; from east to west along its southern border, it runs from the Illinois state line to Cline Avenue. The city is traversed by numerous railroads and expressways, including the South Shore Line, Borman Expressway, and Indiana Toll Road. Notable local landmarks include the parkland around Wolf Lake and the Horseshoe Hammond riverboat casino. Part of the Rust Belt, Hammond has been industrial almost from its inception, but is also home to a campus of Purdue University and numerous historic districts.
Speed skating at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres
The men's 10,000 m competition in speed skating  at the 2026 Winter Olympics will be held on 13 February, at the Milano Speed Skating Stadium in Milan. Metoděj Jílek of the Czech Republic won the event, this was his first Olympic gold. Vladimir Semirunniy of Poland won silver, his first Olympic medal. Jorrit Bergsma of the Netherlands, the 2014 champion on this distance, skating at the age of 40, won bronze.

Speed skating at the 2026 Winter Olympics
Speed skating at the 2026 Winter Olympics was held at the Milano Speed Skating Stadium in Milan, Italy between 7 and 21 February 2026. It was the 25th time speed skating was held at the Winter Olympics (18th time for women).
East Bakersfield
East Bakersfield is the eastern region of the city of Bakersfield, California directly east of the downtown. The region was formerly known as the town of Sumner, which was later incorporated and renamed Kern City. It is primarily a mixture of residential and commercial developments. It also contains a small business district (which was the downtown for Kern City) centered on the intersection of Baker and Sumner streets. Census data is provided on the right for the time period when the region was an independent town and city. It is part of the Bakersfield urban area of almost 500,000 people.

The major school districts in East Bakersfield are the Bakersfield City School District and the Kern Union High School District. East Bakersfield has four high schools, Highland High School, East Bakersfield High School, Foothill High School, and Mira Monte High School.

Bakersfield City School District
Bakersfield City School District (BCSD) is a Pre-Kindergarten - 8th grade public school district in Bakersfield, California. The district has 45 schools, and serves about 30,000 students in much of the city of Bakersfield.
Walter Prentice Bowers
Walter Prentice Bowers (May 19, 1855 – July 22, 1947) was an American general practitioner and the first editor of The New England Journal of Medicine. Born in Clinton, Massachusetts, he worked as a general practitioner in Worcester County for over four decades. He was president of the Massachusetts Medical Society from 1912 to 1914 and was managing editor of the society's journal, The New England Journal of Medicine, from 1921 until 1937. He was conferred an honorary Master of Arts by Harvard University in 1935.

Worcester County, Massachusetts
Worcester County (/ˈwʊstər/ WUUST-ər) is located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 862,111, making it the second-most populous county in Massachusetts. Being 1,510.6 square miles of land area, it is the largest county in Massachusetts by geographic area. The largest city and traditional shire town is Worcester. Worcester County is part of the Worcester, MA–CT metropolitan statistical area and the Boston-Worcester-Providence combined statistical area.
Stevia rebaudiana
Stevia rebaudiana is a plant species in the genus Stevia of the family Asteraceae. It is commonly known as candyleaf, sweetleaf or sugarleaf.

It is a small seasonal plant which grows to a height of 30–60 centimetres (1–2 feet). It has elongated leaves that grow along the stems and are lined up against each other. The flowers are typically trimmed to improve the taste of the leaves. Stevia is a tender perennial native to parts of Brazil and Paraguay having humid, wet environments.

Stevia is widely grown for its leaves, from which extracts can be manufactured as sweetener products known generically as stevia and sold under various trade names. The chemical compounds that produce its sweetness are various steviol glycosides (mainly stevioside and rebaudioside), which have 200–300 times the sweetness of sugar. Stevia leaves contain 9.1% stevioside and 3.8% rebaudioside A.

Extract
An extract (essence) is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol, oil or water.  Extracts may be sold as tinctures or absolutes or dried and powdered.

Extracts are widely used in various industries, such as perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry, among others.

The aromatic principles of many spices, nuts, herbs, fruits, etc., and some flowers, are marketed as extracts, among the best known of true extracts being almond, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, lemon, nutmeg, orange, peppermint, pistachio, rose, spearmint, vanilla, violet, rum, and wintergreen.
Dual (Heroes)
"Dual" is the thirteenth episode and mid-season finale of the third season of the NBC superhero drama series Heroes and forty-seventh episode overall. The episode aired on December 15, 2008, as the conclusion to the "Volume 3: Villains" storyline. The episode, which was originally titled "War", is the final episode of the "Villains" story arc, and was the last episode to be written and produced by Jeph Loeb prior to his departure from Heroes in November 2008.

Sylar
Sylar (Gabriel Gray) is a fictional character and a primary antagonist of the NBC superhero drama series Heroes. Portrayed by Zachary Quinto, he is a super-powered serial killer who targets other superhumans in order to steal their powers. He served as the primary villain of the first season and then as a recurring antagonist. Over the course of seasons 2, 3 and 4, the writers depicted Sylar attempting at various times and under different circumstances to become a hero or curb his desire to kill, undergoing relapses at various stages. In the series' penultimate episode he experienced over three years of penitence in a mental prison, and later identifies himself as a hero in what became the show's series finale due to cancellation.

TV Guide included him in their 2013 list of "The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time".
Surfers Paradise Transit Centre
The Surfers Paradise Transit Centre is the main coach station on the Gold Coast. It is served by long distance coach services to Brisbane, Byron Bay, Coffs Harbour, Lismore, Casino and Sydney operated by Greyhound Australia, NSW TrainLink and Premier Motor Service.

No Kinetic Gold Coast local bus services call at the station, with stops nearby on the Gold Coast Highway. The G:link tram also calls in nearby Surfers Paradise Boulevard.

In 2015, the booking hall was redeveloped as a retail centred named The 4217 with food outlets, a restaurant and a gymnasium.

NSW TrainLink
NSW TrainLink is a regional train and coach operator in Australia, providing services throughout New South Wales and into the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Queensland and South Australia. Its primary services are spread across five major rail lines, operating out of Sydney.

NSW TrainLink was formed on 1 July 2013 when RailCorp was restructured and CountryLink was merged with the intercity services of CityRail.

Announced in May 2025, following extensive negotiations, it has been agreed that Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink will become one entity during the life of the new three-year enterprise agreement pending membership approval.
1952 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Shirley Fry and Doris Hart successfully defended their title, defeating Louise Brough and Maureen Connolly in the final, 8–6, 6–3 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1952 Wimbledon Championships.

Shirley Fry
Shirley June Fry Irvin (née Fry; June 30, 1927 – July 13, 2021) was an American tennis player. During her career, which lasted from the early 1940s until the mid-1950s, she won the singles title at all four Grand Slam events, as well as 13 doubles titles, and was ranked No. 1 in the world in 1956.
Peter Woo
Peter Woo Kwong-ching, GBM, GBS, JP (Chinese: 吳光正; born September 5, 1946) is a Hong Kong billionaire businessman. He was the chairman of Wheelock and Company and The Wharf (Holdings) until 19 May 2015. As of April 2021, his net worth is estimated to be $14 billion.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Tung-Mow Yan
Tung-Mow Yan (Chinese: 顏東茂; born 1937) is a Taiwanese physicist who has specialized in theoretical particle physics, primarily in the structure of elementary particles, the Standard Model, and quantum chromodynamics. He is a professor emeritus at Cornell University.

Sidney Drell
Sidney David Drell (September 13, 1926 – December 21, 2016) was an American theoretical physicist and arms control expert.

At the time of his death, he was professor emeritus at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. Drell was a noted contributor in the fields of quantum electrodynamics and high-energy particle physics. The Drell–Yan process, which was used to discover the Higgs boson, is partially named for him.
Voiceless uvular nasal
A voiceless uvular nasal is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in few spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɴ̥⟩, a combination of the letter for the voiced uvular nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness.

Intercostal muscles
The intercostal muscles comprise many different groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. The intercostal muscles are mainly involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing by helping expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity.
Rem Fowler
Harry Rembrandt 'Rem' Fowler (1882 – 1963 in Birmingham, England) was a British motorcycle racer famous for winning the twin-cylinder class of the inaugural 1907 Isle of Man TT races

A skilled toolmaker by trade, H. Rem Fowler competed as a trials rider between 1903 and 1923 riding Ariel, New Hudson, and Rex motor-cycles and entered the first Isle of Man TT race riding a 5 hp Peugeot-engined Norton motorcycle.

During the First World War, Rem Fowler was involved in the calibration of gun-sights and during World War II worked in tool-making in the aero-engine industry.

After the war, as a frequent visitor to the TT races every year, he was presented with a Gold Medal along with former TT race winner Jack Marshall at the 1957 Golden Jubilee TT races.

Fowler died in Solihull Hospital on 13 February 1963 at age 80 having retired from work in November 1962.

Motorcycle racing
The motorcycle sport of racing (also called moto racing and motorbike racing) includes motorcycle road racing and off-road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.