hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saskatchewan Order of Merit
The Saskatchewan Order of Merit is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Instituted in 1985 by Lieutenant Governor Frederick Johnson, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Grant Devine, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Saskatchewan residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described in law as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Saskatchewan Crown.

King-in-Council
The King-in-Council or the Queen-in-Council, depending on the gender of the reigning monarch, is a constitutional term in a number of states. In a general sense, it refers to the monarch exercising executive authority, usually in the form of approving orders, on the advice of the country's privy council or executive council.

In countries where the reigning monarch is represented by a viceroy, derivative terms are used instead, such as Governor in Council or Lieutenant Governor in Council.
Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech
The Scottish Corpus of Texts & Speech (SCOTS) is an ongoing project to build a corpus of modern-day (post-1940) written and spoken texts in Scottish English and varieties of Scots. SCOTS has been available online since November 2004, and can be freely searched and browsed. It reached 4.7 million words by 2015.

The project is a venture by the Department of English Language and STELLA project at the University of Glasgow. SCOTS is grant-funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.

Arts and Humanities Research Council
The Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for supporting research and innovation in the arts and humanities.
Southerham Farm
Southerham Farm is a  131-hectare (320-acre) nature reserve on the eastern outskirts of Lewes  in East Sussex. It is managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust.

The thin and infertile soils on this chalk site result in a floristically very rich grassland. Plants which flower in the summer include horseshoe vetch, kidney vetch, mouse-ear hawkweed, field scabious, dropwort and salad burnet.

Lewes
Lewes (/ˈluːɪs/ ⓘ) is the county town of East Sussex, England. The town is the administrative centre of the wider district of the same name. It lies on the River Ouse at the point where the river cuts through the South Downs.

A traditional market town and centre of communications, in 1264 it was the site of the Battle of Lewes. The town's landmarks include Lewes Castle, Lewes Priory, Bull House (the former home of Thomas Paine), Southover Grange and public gardens, and a 16th-century timber-framed Wealden hall house known as Anne of Cleves House. Other notable features of the area include the Glyndebourne festival, the Lewes Bonfire celebrations and the Lewes Pound.
Barriga de freira
Barriga de freira (lit. 'nun's belly') is a traditional Portuguese sweet egg yolk-based pudding. The name is an idiom on the ingredients typically found in conventual sweets made by the religious sisters at convents historically―egg yolks, sugar, and almonds. Another variation of barriga de freira is served as a turnover or empanada using the same pudding for a filling.

Barriga de Freira was created as early as the 15th or 16th century in the monasteries and convents in Lisbon. The dish was first created by the nuns in the province of Beira Litoral in the 17th century.

Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense.  Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings of each word inside it.

Idioms occur frequently in all languages. In English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions. Some well known idioms in English are "spill the beans" (meaning "reveal secret information"), "it's raining cats and dogs" (meaning "it's raining intensely"), and "break a leg" (meaning "good luck").
Austus
Austus was a variation of Australian rules football which was played in Australia during World War II between Australians and visiting soldiers from the United States. The name comes from the first four letters of Australia (AUST) and the initials of the United States (US).

The game is played with a gridiron ball and features both punting and forward passing, with Australian rules football style marking providing the opportunity for a free kick or throw and the absence of an offside rule.

Offside (American football)
Offside is a minor foul in gridiron football caused when a player crosses the line of scrimmage ahead of the snap of the ball. The penalty associated with the infraction is the advancing of the ball five yards and a replay of the down.
Smith McKay
Smith McKay (1817 – December 8, 1889) was a prospector, merchant and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Twillingate-Fogo in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1869 to 1874 and from 1882 to 1889.

He was born in Pictou, Nova Scotia and came to Newfoundland in 1844, becoming a partner in a fishery supply and export business. McKay also was captain of a sealing ship and commanded a schooner which brought back oil from humpback whales. He was a partner in the Union Copper Mine, the first significant mining operation in the colony, with Charles James Fox Bennett. McKay was manager for the mine and also was involved in other mining ventures. In 1869, he married Susan Lock. He served as chairman of the Board of Works from 1883 to 1889. McKay died in office in St. John's in 1889.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
2025 FIA World Rallycross Championship
The 2025 FIA World Rallycross Championship (World RX) was the twelfth and last season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship rally racing championship recognized by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the highest class of international rallycross.

Rallycross
Rallycross is a form of sprint style motorsport held on a mixed-surface racing circuit using modified production touring cars or prototype racing cars. It began in the 1960s as a cross between rallying and autocross.

It is popular in European countries. Internationally, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) organise the World and European Rallycross Championships.
Severozapaden Planning Region
Severozapaden (Northwest Planning Region), is a region of Bulgaria. The capital is the city of Pleven. The region has the lowest-ranked economy in Bulgaria and the European Union, with a GDP per capita (PPS) of €9,300 or 31% of EU28 average (2017). It includes five administrative divisions or oblasts: Vidin Province, Vratsa Province, Montana Province, Lovech Province and Pleven Province.

According to Eurostat, Severozapaden is the poorest region in the EU.
It is also ranked as one of the European regions with the lowest life expectancy since Bulgarians from the region of Severozapaden are predicted to live just past their 73rd birthday. It additionally is the least developed planning region of Bulgaria.

Pleven
Pleven (Bulgarian: Плèвен pronounced [ˈplɛvɛn]) is the seventh most populous city in Bulgaria. Located in the northern part of the country, it is the administrative centre of Pleven Province, as well as of the subordinate Pleven municipality. It is the biggest economic center in Northwestern Bulgaria. At the 2021 census its population was 89,823.

Internationally known for the siege of Plevna of 1877, today it is a major economic centre of the Bulgarian Northwest and Central North and the third largest city of Northern Bulgaria after Varna and Ruse.
Auditori Enric Granados
Auditori Enric Granados is the main concert hall in Lleida (Catalonia, Spain) also hosting the city's music conservatory.  It contains a symphonic hall with 803 seats and a chamber music hall with a capacity of 245. This music institution is named after the composer Enric Granados, who was born in Lleida in 1867. Located on Plaça Mossèn Cinto Verdaguer, the building was designed by local architects Ramon Artigues and Ramon Sanabria and opened in 1994 after ten years of construction and was officially inaugurated by Queen Sofía of Spain on 14 February 1995. Ancient remains of Lleida were found under the venue.

The building was used as the primary location for the short film Sonata in Motion. The venue has held many concerts by Spanish singers, such as Luz Casal or El Cigala.

Queen Sofía of Spain
Sofía (Sophia Margarita Victoria Frederica; Greek: Σοφία Μαργαρίτα Βικτωρία Φρειδερίκη, romanized: Sofía Margaríta Viktoría Freideríki; born 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who was Queen of Spain from 1975 to 2014 as the wife of King Juan Carlos I until his abdication. She is the eldest and last surviving child of King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece. She is also the last surviving grandchild of King Constantine I and Queen Sophia of Greece.

Sofía married then Infante Juan Carlos of Spain in 1962 and became queen of Spain upon her husband's accession in 1975. On 19 June 2014, Juan Carlos abdicated in favour of their son Felipe VI. Since her spouse's abdication, Doña Sofía has usually been referred to as reina emérita ('queen emerita') by the press.
1994 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
The 1994 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana was the 52nd edition of the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana road cycling stage race, which was held from 22 February to 27 February 1994. The race started in Calpe and finished in Valencia. The race was won by Viatcheslav Ekimov of the WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca team.

Calpe
Calpe (Spanish: [ˈkalpe]; Valencian: Calp [ˈkalp]) is a coastal municipality located in the comarca of Marina Alta, in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of 23.5 km2 (9.1 sq mi) and a population density of 990 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,600/sq mi). The city lies at the foot of the Penyal d'Ifac Natural Park. In 2022 the population was 24,096 inhabitants.

The economy of Calpe is based mainly on tourism and fishing. Many Iberian, Roman and Arab archeological sites exist in the town because of its strategic coastal location.

The Prime Meridian crosses Calpe.
Taken for Granted
"Taken for Granted" is a song by Australian singer Sia. Written by Sia and produced by Nigel Corsbie, it was released as Sia's debut single and as the lead single from her second studio album, Healing Is Difficult (2001), in May 2000. It heavily samples from Sergei Prokofiev's Montagues and Capulets. "Taken for Granted" peaked at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and stayed on the chart for five weeks, topping the UK R&B Chart on the week of its debut. In Australia, the song was not released until February 2002, peaking at number 100 on the ARIA Singles Chart the following month.

Romeo and Juliet (Prokofiev)
Romeo and Juliet (Russian: Ромео и Джульетта, romanized: Romeo i Dzhulyetta), Op. 64, is a ballet by Sergei Prokofiev based on William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. First composed in 1935, it was substantially revised for its Soviet premiere in early 1940. Prokofiev made from the ballet three orchestral suites and a suite for solo piano.
Acanthothelphusa lirrangensis
Acanthothelphusa lirrangensis, the Malawi blue crab, is a species of freshwater crab in the family Potamonautidae. This common and widespread species is found in Lake Malawi, Lake Kivu, the upper Congo River Basin and Malagarasi River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Rwanda, and Tanzania. In the freshwater aquarium trade it is sometimes sold under the synonym Potamonautes orbitospinus.

Malagarasi River
The Malagarasi River is a river in western Tanzania, flowing through Kigoma Region, although one of its tributaries comes from southeastern Burundi. The river also forms the western border of Tabora Region, the southern border of Kagera Region and the southwestern border of Geita Region. It is the second-longest river in Tanzania behind the Rufiji—Great Ruaha, and has the largest watershed of any river flowing into Lake Tanganyika. The Malagarasi-Muyovozi Wetlands are a designated a Ramsar site. Local tribes have nicknamed the Malagarasi as "the river of bad spirits".
Jenny Lindell
Jennifer Margaret Lindell (born 19 December 1953 in Springvale, Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian politician and former Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly.

Lindell was educated at St Joseph's PS Springvale and Killester College, Springvale, and holds an Associate Diploma in Medical Radiations (RMIT). Before entering politics she worked for 20 years as a Medical Radiographer, and from 1990 to 1999 was an Electorate Officer at both state and national level.

Lindell was elected as a State MP for the Carrum in 1999 and represented the Labor Party. During her time as an MP she has served as a member and later chair of the Environment and Natural Resources Committee, and on the Legislative Assembly Privileges Committee. She was also acting Speaker for three years from 2003 before later being elected Speaker from 19 December 2006 until her defeat in 2010.

Killester College
Killester College is an independent Roman Catholic secondary day school for girls, located in the Melbourne suburb of Springvale, Victoria, Australia. Killester was founded by the Brigidine Sisters. Today, Killester College works under the governance of the Kildare Ministries following Brigidine tradition. The school was established in 1955 and in 2020 had a staff of 139 made up of 99 teachers and 40 support staff.
Gabriel Bertrand
Gabriel Bertrand (born 17 May 1867 in Paris, died 20 June 1962 in Paris) was a French pharmacologist, biochemist and bacteriologist.

Bertrand introduced into biochemistry both the term “oxidase” and the concept of trace elements.

The laccase, a polyphenol oxidase and an enzyme oxidating urishiol and laccol obtained from the lacquer tree, was first studied by Gabriel Bertrand in 1894.

Bertrand's rule refers to the fact that the dose–response curve for many micronutrients is non-monotonic, having an initial stage of increasing benefits with increased intake, followed by increasing costs as excesses become toxic. In 2005, Raubenheimer et al. fed excess carbohydrates to Spodoptera littoralis and extended Bertrand's rule to macronutrients.

In 1894, with Césaire Phisalix, he developed an antivenom for use against snake bites.

Bertrand was made a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine in 1931. In 1932 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbr. KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes.
Logical hexagon
In philosophical logic, the logical hexagon (also called the hexagon of opposition) is a conceptual model of the relationships between the truth values of six statements. It is an extension of Aristotle's square of opposition. It was discovered independently by both Augustin Sesmat and Robert Blanché.

This extension consists in introducing two statements U and Y. Whereas U is the disjunction of A and E, Y is the conjunction of the two traditional particulars I and O.

Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). Truth values are used in computing as well as various types of logic.
Allaberdy Berdyev
Allaberdy Berdyev (Russian: Аллаберды Бердыев; 1904 – 3 February 1964) was a Soviet Turkmen politician who served in various positions including Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR.

Komsomol
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU".

The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the unification of the USSR, it was reformed into an all-union agency, the youth division of the All-Union Communist Party.

It was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the Young Pioneers, and at nine from the Little Octobrists.
UFC 105
UFC 105: Couture vs. Vera was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) on November 14, 2009 in Manchester, United Kingdom at the Manchester Evening News Arena. This event aired on the same day, via tape delay, on Spike in the U.S.

Broadcast delay
In radio and television, broadcast delay is an intentional delay when broadcasting live material, technically referred to as a deferred live. Such a delay may be to prevent mistakes or unacceptable content from being broadcast. Longer delays lasting several hours can also be introduced so that the material is aired at a later scheduled time (such as the prime time hours, or in a different time zone) to maximize viewership. Tape delays lasting several hours can also be edited down to remove filler material or to trim a broadcast to the network's desired run time for a broadcast slot, but this is not always the case.
The House That Jack Built: La Maison Que Jacques A Batie
The House That Jack Built: La Maison Que Jacques A Batie is a 1958 picture book written and illustrated by Antonio Frasconi. The book tells the story of the nursery rhyme "This Is the House That Jack Built" in English and French. The book was a recipient of a 1959 Caldecott Honor for its illustrations.

Antonio Frasconi
Antonio Frasconi (28 April 1919 in Montevideo, Uruguay – 8 January 2013 in Norwalk, CT, USA) was a Uruguayan - American visual artist, best known for his woodcuts. He was raised in Montevideo, Uruguay, and lived in the United States from 1945.
Glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase
In enzymology, a glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.32) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GDP-mannose + (glucomannan)n  GDP + (glucomannan)n+1

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are GDP-mannose and (glucomannan)n, whereas its two products are GDP and (glucomannan)n+1, a  noncellulosic polysaccharide which is used in the formation of cell walls.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is GDPmannose:glucomannan 1,4-beta-D-mannosyltransferase. Other names in common use include GDP-man-beta-mannan manosyltransferase, and glucomannan-synthase.

Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GDP consists of a pyrophosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine.

GDP is the product of GTP dephosphorylation by GTPases, e.g., the G-proteins that are involved in signal transduction.

GDP is converted into GTP with the help of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate.
Tokiwa Gozen
Tokiwa Gozen (常盤御前) (1138 – c. 1180), or Lady Tokiwa, was a Japanese noblewoman of the late Heian period and mother of the great samurai general Minamoto no Yoshitsune. Sources disagree as to whether she was a concubine or wife to Minamoto no Yoshitomo, of which she bore Minamoto no Yoshitsune.  She was later captured by Taira no Kiyomori, but escaped.

After leaving Kiyomori, Tokiwa married Fujiwara no Naganari. She had children with him.

Lady Tokiwa is primarily associated, in literature and art, with an incident in which she fled through the snow, protecting her young sons with her robes, during the Heiji Rebellion in 1160.

She is also known as Hotoke Gozen, or Lady Buddha.

Heiji rebellion
The Heiji rebellion (平治の乱, Heiji no ran; January 19 – February 5, 1160) was a short civil war between rival subjects of the cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan in 1160 fought in order to resolve a dispute about political power.  It was preceded by the Hōgen Rebellion in 1156. Heiji no ran is seen as a direct outcome of the earlier armed dispute; but unlike Hōgen no ran, which was a dispute between Emperors in which members of the same clan fought on different sides, this was rather a struggle for power between two rival samurai clans. It is also seen as a precursor of a broader civil war.
St. John's Episcopal Church and Burying Ground
St. John's Episcopal Church and Burying Ground is a historic church in Chews Landing, Camden County, New Jersey, United States. The congregation was founded in 1789 and the current church building was designed by George Watson Hewitt and consecrated by the Rt. Rev. John Scarborough on November 9, 1881.

The church and burying ground were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Chews Landing, New Jersey
Chews Landing (or Chews) is an unincorporated community situated within Gloucester Township, in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The community is located near the Big Timber Creek and is named after Jeremiah Chew, a Revolutionary War officer.

Chews Landing is notable for being the site of St. John's Episcopal Church and Burying Ground, a historic church that was constructed in 1880. This church is an important landmark in the area and was recognized for its historical significance when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Clough Castle
Clough Castle is a 12th century Anglo-Norman motte-and-bailey castle located in Clough, County Down, Northern Ireland. It consists of a ruined tower house situated on a 7.6 metres (25 ft) high motte. A small crescent-shaped bailey lies next to the south-east of the motte, separated by a 2.1 metres (6 ft 11 in) deep ditch.

Ditch
A ditch is a small-to-moderate size trench created to channel water. A ditch can be used for drainage, to drain water from low-lying areas, alongside roadways or fields, or to channel water from a more distant source for plant irrigation. Ditches are commonly seen around farmland, especially in areas that have required drainage, such as The Fens in eastern England and much of the Netherlands.

Roadside ditches may provide a hazard to motorists and cyclists, whose vehicles may crash into them and get damaged, flipped over, or stuck and cause major injury, especially in poor weather conditions and rural areas.