hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dieudonné Gauthy
Dieudonné Gauthy (19 May 1893 – 24 January 1957) was a Belgian road racing cyclist who won the 1913 Tour of Belgium. During World War I Gauthy spent time captive in prison after having been involved in the battle of Liège in August 1914.

Tour of Belgium
The Tour of Belgium (Dutch: Ronde van België; French: Tour de Belgique) is a five-day bicycle race which is held annually in Belgium, and is part of the UCI ProSeries.

It was held annually between 1908 and 1981, except during both world wars. Between 1982 and 1990 several races were not organised and none at all from 1991 to 2001. From 2002 onwards the race has again become an annual fixture on the cycling calendar.

Following the start of the UCI ProTour in 2005 it looked like the race would merge with the Eneco Tour; however this did not happen and it became part of the UCI Europe Tour competition.
Eroğlu
Eroğlu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Beytullah Eroğlu (born 1995), Turkish Paralympic swimmer

Derviş Eroğlu (born 1938), politician of Northern Cyprus

Erbil Eroğlu (born 1993), Turkish basketball player

Mehmet Eroğlu (born 1948), Turkish novelist

Merve Nur Eroğlu (born 1993), Turkish female Paralympic archer

Şeref Eroğlu (born 1975), Turkish sport wrestler

Veysel Eroğlu (born 1948), Turkish politician

Ahsen Eroğlu (born 1994), Turkish Actress

Beytullah Eroğlu
Beytullah Eroğlu (born 25 September 1995) is a Turkish Paralympic swimmer. He competes in the disability category of S5 in freestyle, butterfly and backstroke, specializing in sprint events. He competed in the 2012 and 2016 Summer Paralympics, at four World Para Swimming Championships and two IPC Swimming European Championships. At the 2017 World Championships, he won his country's first ever gold medal in Paralympic swimming.
Alok Krishna Gupta
Alok Krishna Gupta (born 4 December 1942) is an Indian mineralogist, petrologist and a former Raja Ramanna Fellow of the Department of Atomic Energy at the National Centre of Experimental Mineralogy and Petrology of the University of Allahabad. He is known for his studies on the genesis of alkaline rocks and is an elected fellow of all three major Indian science academies viz. the National Academy of Sciences, India, Indian National Science Academy and the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 1986.

Petrology
Petrology (from Ancient Greek  πέτρος (pétros) 'rock' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form. Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology. Igneous and metamorphic petrology are commonly taught together because both make heavy use of chemistry, chemical methods, and phase diagrams. Sedimentary petrology is commonly taught together with stratigraphy because it deals with the processes that form sedimentary rock. Modern sedimentary petrology is making increasing use of chemistry.
Z-Stoff
Z-Stoff ([t͡sɛt ʃtɔf], "substance Z") was a name for calcium permanganate or sodium permanganate mixed in water. It was normally used as a catalyst for T-Stoff (high-test peroxide) in military rocket programs by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Z-Stoff was used in the cold engine of the Messerschmitt Me 163 A airplane, in the earlier, self-contained HWK 109-500 Starthilfe RATO booster motor for crewed aircraft (usually in pairs or multiples of two for such uses), and a smaller derivation of the Starthilfe unit, the HWK 109-507 booster engine used with the Henschel Hs 293 anti-ship guided missile. T-Stoff decomposed by Z-Stoff was commonly used by World War II German military to generate steam for powering of fuel pumps in airplanes and rockets.

The reaction produces manganese dioxide, which tends to clog the steam generators. Later generations of the Walter Rocket used solid-state catalyst instead of its water solution.

Manganese dioxide
Manganese dioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula MnO2. This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules. The principal use for MnO2 is for dry-cell batteries, such as the alkaline battery and the zinc–carbon battery, although it is also used for other battery chemistries such as aqueous zinc-ion batteries. MnO2 is also used as a pigment and as a precursor to other manganese compounds, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4). It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis, for example, for the oxidation of allylic alcohols. MnO2 has an α-polymorph that can incorporate a variety of atoms (as well as water molecules) in the "tunnels" or "channels" between the manganese oxide octahedra. There is considerable interest in α-MnO2 as a possible cathode for lithium-ion batteries.
Morena Leraba
Teboho Mochaoa, known commonly by his stage name Morena Leraba is a Lesotho-born singer and rapper. He mainly uses traditional sesotho lyrics and combines them with electro, afro house and Hip hop. His lyrics are deeply rooted in Lesotho's traditional music, poetry, and its sub-genre, Afro.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Aikaterini Bliamou
Aikaterini ("Katerina") Bliamou (Greek: Αικατερίνη "Κατερίνα" Μπλιάμου; born 15 October 1982 in Central Macedonia) is a former female backstroke and freestyle swimmer from Greece.

She won a bronze medal at the 2005 Mediterranean Games, and represented her native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.

2005 Mediterranean Games
The XVth Mediterranean Games Almería 2005 (XV Juegos del Mediterráneo 2005 in Spanish), commonly known as the 2005 Mediterranean Games, were the 15th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Almería, Spain over 10 days, from 24 June to 3 July 2005, where 3,203 athletes (2,126 men and 1,077 women) from 21 countries participated. There were a total of 258 medal events from 27 different sports.
National road 91 (Poland)
Droga krajowa nr 91 (translates from Polish as national road 91) is a route belonging to Polish national roads network. It runs from the seaport in Gdańsk to Częstochowa, and goes through the Pomeranian, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Łódź and Silesian Voivodeships. Since this route was renumbered from DK1, it is frequently referred as "stara jedynka" (eng. "old one").

National road 91 is the alternative road for A1 motorway (partially tolled). As such, it runs parallel to:

existing stretch of motorway A1 from exit "Rusocin" to Piotrków Trybunalski,

the dual carriageway road (part of national road 1) between Piotrków Trybunalski and Częstochowa built in 1970s, which is currently under reconstruction to the motorway standard.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Kenny Price (American football)
Kenneth James Price (born April 7, 1950) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.
December 2020 Afghanistan attacks
During the month of December 2020, a series of targeted killings were carried out in Afghanistan. While several assassinations had happened in Afghanistan over the last 20 years, targeted killings increased during this month. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility for two of those attacks and is suspected to be behind the others. The Taliban denied their involvement in the killings.

Targeted killing
Targeted killing is a form of assassination carried out by governments outside a judicial procedure or a battlefield.

Since the late 20th century, the legal status of targeted killing has become a subject of contention within and between various nations. Historically, at least since the mid-eighteenth century, Western thinking has generally considered the use of assassination as a tool of statecraft to be illegal. Some academics, military personnel and officials describe targeted killing as legitimate within the context of self-defense, when employed against terrorists or combatants engaged in asymmetrical warfare. They argue that unmanned combat aerial vehicles (drones) are more humane and more accurate than manned vehicles.

Scholars are also divided as to whether targeted killings are an effective counterterrorism strategy.

The strategy has also been used by non-state actors and unrecognised states such as the so-called Islamic State.
Humboldthöhe
Humboldthöhe (English: Humboldt Hill) is an approximately 85 meters high rubble hill (German: Trümmerberg) in the Volkspark Humboldthain in the Gesundbrunnen district of Berlin. It was created after the Second World War by covering the partly demolished Humboldthain Flak Tower with debris. Today, Humboldthöhe serves as a recreational hill, viewpoint, and climbing site, while the surviving bunker structures are used for guided tours and as winter habitats for bats.

Flak tower
Flak towers (German: Flaktürme) were large, above-ground, anti-aircraft gun blockhouse towers constructed by Nazi Germany. "Flak" is short for anti-aircraft gun in German: Flugabwehrkanone. There were eight flak tower complexes in the cities of Berlin (three), Hamburg (two), and Vienna (three) from 1940. Other cities that used flak towers included Stuttgart and Frankfurt. Smaller single-purpose flak towers were built at outlying German strongpoints, such as at Angers in France and Heligoland in Germany.

The towers were operated by the Luftwaffe to defend against Allied strategic air raids against these cities during World War II. They also served as air-raid shelters for tens of thousands of local civilians.
Peter Karlsson (table tennis)
Karl Peter Karlsson (born 29 May 1969) is a Swedish table tennis player and coach. He was 1991 World Champion in men's doubles (with Thomas von Scheele), and 2000 European Champion in men's singles. He is married to Åsa Karlsson.

World championship
A world championship is generally an international competition open to elite competitors from around the world, representing their nations, and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport, game, or ability.
FC Volgodonsk
FC Volgodonsk (Russian: ФК «Волгодонск») was a Russian football team from Volgodonsk. It played professionally from 1980 to 1997, including one season in the second-highest Russian First Division in 1992. Before 1995 it was called Atommash Volgodonsk, named after a local nuclear engineering company (Atommash).

Volgodonsk
Volgodonsk (Russian: Волгодонск, IPA: [vəlgɐˈdonsk]) is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located in the east of the oblast on the west bank of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir. Population: 170,841 (2010 census); 165,994 (2002 census); 175,593 (1989 Soviet census); 28,000 (1970).
Indianapolis Metropolitan Airport
Indianapolis Metropolitan Airport (ICAO: KUMP, FAA LID: UMP) is a public airport in Fishers, Hamilton County, Indiana, United States. It is 8 miles (13 km) northeast of downtown Indianapolis, is owned by the Indianapolis Airport Authority and is a reliever airport for Indianapolis International Airport.

Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Indianapolis Metropolitan Airport is "UMP" to the FAA and has no IATA code.

Relief airport
A relief airport or reliever airport is an airport that is built or designated to provide relief or additional capacity to an area when the primary commercial airport(s) requires additional capacity, on a long-term or temporary basis.
Middle thyroid vein
The middle thyroid vein (Latin: vena thyreoidea media) collects the blood from the lower portion of the thyroid gland. It receives tributaries that drain the larynx, and trachea. It passes anterior to the common carotid artery to reach and drain into the internal jugular vein.

Larynx
The larynx (pl.: larynges or larynxes), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in respiration, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of the larynx into the pharynx, known as the laryngeal inlet, is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.
Namibia Airports Company
The Namibia Airports Company (NAC) is the national operator of eight of the largest airports in Namibia. It is a state owned enterprise, overseen by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. The NAC is a member of major international airport organizations such as the Airports Council International (ACI).

Lot Haifidi was appointed acting CEO on 3 August 2018 following the resignation of Albertus Aochamub. Between 2010 and 2015, NAC wanted to invest more than 1.2 billion Namibian dollars in the expansion of its airports.

Airports Council International
Airports Council International (ACI) is an organization of airport authorities, informing members of industry practices and airport standards. Established in 1991, its headquarters (ACI World) are based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and its members operate more than 2000 airports.

Major programs include safety enhancement and Airport Service Quality Awards (ASQ), based on passenger satisfaction ratings. Other initiatives cover economics, operational security, carbon accreditation, and passenger transportation.
Sudan (tribe)
The Sudan (Arabic: السودان) (singular Al Suwaidi Arabic: السويدي) is an Arab tribe of in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar and other Gulf states, traditionally close associates of the Bani Yas of Abu Dhabi.

At the turn of the 20th century settled Sudan numbered some 405 houses in Abu Dhabi and Batin, 250 houses in Dubai, 300 in Sharjah and 12 in Ajman. The family also settled the islands of the Persian Gulf, with some 20 houses on Abu Musa and 40 families living on Sirri Island. Some 5,000 strong, the tribe was mostly settled in the coastal areas of the Trucial States. The Sudan mostly subsisted on fishing and pearling and did not own date gardens in the inland oases.

Ajman
Ajman (Arabic: عجمان 'Aǧmān; Gulf Arabic: عيمان ʿYmān) is the fifth-largest and fifth-most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and Al Ain. It is the capital of the Emirate of Ajman and forms part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area, It is bounded by the Persian Gulf to the west and surrounded by the Emirate of Sharjah on land.
Nappy Boy Entertainment
Nappy Boy is an American record label founded by R&B and hip hop artist T-Pain. The label was distributed by RCA Records, formerly by Jive Label Group & currently by Empire Distribution. The label's current roster of artists includes NandoSTL, Young Cash and Chayo Nash.

In May 2008, T-Pain announced that he would like to turn Nappy Boy Entertainment into a new business venture which would turn his company digital, by releasing albums and songs online via iTunes. The new venture, Nappy Boy Digital, focuses on albums and songs released as downloads and ringtones, with few physical releases.

Featured in the Nappy Boy logo is the Florida State Capitol representing Tallahassee, Florida, where T-Pain was born.

One Chance (group)
One Chance was an American R&B group of Chicago, Illinois, best known for their 2006 song "Look at Her," which peaked at number 53 on the Billboard R&B chart and was later remixed featuring Trey Songz, Lloyd, and Bobby Valentino.
Cortana Mall
Cortana Mall (formerly The Mall at Cortana) was an enclosed shopping mall in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and was at the intersection of Airline Highway and Florida Blvd (U.S. Route 190). It was last owned by Moonbeam Equities of Las Vegas, Nevada. It opened in 1976 and was demolished in 2021. An Amazon distribution center now occupies the land.

Virginia College
Virginia College was a private for-profit college located primarily in the southeastern United States. It offered classes, certificates, diplomas, and degrees related to specific professions such as health sciences, information technology, business, office management, and criminal justice. It also offered online degree programs.

After Virginia College failed to be accredited by the Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training, and an appeal being rejected, approximately one-third of its campuses were expected to close by 2020, the company announced in September 2018. In December 2018 Virginia College announced all campuses would close citing financial challenges and accreditation issues.
Propanephosphonic acid anhydride
Propanephosphonic acid anhydride (PPAA, T3P) is the trimeric anhydride of n-propylphosphonic acid. It is a useful reagent for peptide synthesis reactions, where it activates the carboxylic acid partner for subsequent reaction with a primary or secondary amine. It is commercially available as 50 % solution in DMF or ethyl acetate as a slightly yellow mixture.

See:

An example of T3P being used is in the Pfizer synthesis of dacomitinib or in the Neurosearch synthesis of SNDRI's e.g. PC44156003. Another application was in the last step of the synthesis of Selinexor, & in the synthesis of darolutamide.

Acid anhydride
An acid anhydride is a type of chemical compound composed of two  acyl groups bonded to a common oxygen atom. They are commonly formed by the removal of water molecules from a pair of acids.

In organic chemistry, organic acid anhydrides contain the functional group −C(=O)−O−C(=O)−. Organic acid anhydrides often form when one equivalent of water is removed from two equivalents of an organic acid in a dehydration reaction.

In inorganic chemistry, an acid anhydride can refer to an acidic oxide, i.e., an oxide that reacts with water to form an oxyacid (an inorganic acid that contains oxygen or carbonic acid), or with a base to form a salt.  For example, dinitrogen trioxide is the anhydride of nitrous acid. Similarly, dinitrogen pentoxide is the anhydride of nitric acid:

N2O5 + H2O  →   2 HNO3
Stoneham (surname)
Stoneham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barry Stoneham, Australian rules footballer

Ben Stoneham, Baron Stoneham of Droxford, British politician

Bill Stoneham, American artist and writer

Charles Stoneham, financier and owner of the New York Giants

Clive Stoneham, Australian politician

Horace Stoneham, owner of the New York/San Francisco Giants and son of Charles Stoneham

Reginald Stoneham (1879–1942), Australian song publisher and composer

Tom Stoneham, Professor of Philosophy at the University of York

Reginald Stoneham
Reginald Alberto Agrati Stoneham (1879 – 11 March 1942) was an Australian composer and publisher of mostly topical songs, and a musical comedy F.F.F. He was perhaps Australia's leading exponent of jazz and ragtime piano styles in the first decades of the 20th century as both composer and performer. He was also a popular accompanist and recording artist.
Chester W. New
Chester William New, FRSC (9 October 1882 – 31 August 1960) was a Canadian historian, known for his biographies of Lord Durham and Henry Brougham.

New was educated at the University of Toronto, McMaster University, and the University of Chicago, having also been ordained a Baptist minister before his graduate studies. He taught at Brandon College from 1913 and McMaster University from 1920 to 1950, where he was Professor of History and sometime head of the Department of History.

Elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1937, New was President of the Canadian Historical Association from 1936 to 1937.

He was the Progressive Conservative candidate for Hamilton West in the 1945 Canadian federal election.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
2022 Laois Senior Hurling Championship
The 2022 Laois Senior Hurling Championship was the 129th staging of the Laois Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Laois County Board in 1888. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 24 February 2022. The championship ran from 14 July to 2 October 2022.

Clough–Ballacolla entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 2 October 2022 at MW Hire O'Moore Park in Port Laoise, between Clough–Ballacolla and Camross, in what was their third meeting in the final and a first in five years. Clough–Ballacolla won the match by 1–24 to 0–16 to claim their 11th championship title overall and a third title in succession.

Clough–Ballacolla's Stephen Maher was the championship's top scorer with 1-57.

Stephen Maher (hurler)
Stephen 'Picky' Maher (born 17 January 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays as a right wing-forward for the Laois senior team.

Born in Ballacolla, County Laois, Maher first played competitive hurling in the various juvenile grades. He arrived on the inter-county scene when he first linked up with the Laois minor team, before later lining out with the under-21 side. He made his senior debut in the 2012 National Hurling League. Maher has been a regular fixture on team since that initial appearance, and has won one National Hurling League (Division 2A) medal.

At club level Maher is a five-time championship medallist with Clough–Ballacolla.