hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stenotic nares
Stenotic nares means the nares (nostrils) are pinched or narrow, making it more difficult for an animal to breathe, and resulting in a lot of open-mouth breathing and panting. The condition is part of the brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome common to short-nosed dog and cat breeds. Dog breeds commonly affected by stenotic nares include Boston Terrier, Boxer, Bulldog, King Charles Spaniel, Lhasa Apso, Pug, and Shih Tzu. Stenotic nares is a congenital trait, meaning an animal is born with it.  Veterinarians can perform a simple surgery to help widen the nares, which can be done at the same time as a spay or neuter surgery.

Neutering
Neutering, from the Latin neuter ('of neither sex'), is the removal of a non-human animal's reproductive organ, either all of it or a considerably large part. The male-specific term is castration, while spaying is usually reserved for female animals. Colloquially, both terms are often referred to as fixing. In male horses, castrating is referred to as gelding. An animal that has not been neutered is sometimes referred to as entire or intact. Often the term neuter[ing] is used to specifically mean castration, e.g. in phrases like "spay and neuter".

Neutering is the most common method for animal sterilization. Humane societies, animal shelters, and rescue groups urge pet owners to have their pets neutered to prevent the births of unwanted litters, which contribute to the overpopulation of unwanted animals in the rescue system. Many countries require that all adopted cats and dogs be sterilized before going to their new homes.
Otis Worldwide
Otis Worldwide Corporation (branded as the Otis Elevator Company, its former legal name) styled as OTIS   is an American company that develops, manufactures and markets 
elevators, escalators, moving walkways, and related equipment.

Based in Farmington, Connecticut, U.S., Otis is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transportation systems, principally focusing on elevators, escalators, and moving walkways. The company pioneered the development of the "safety elevator", invented by Elisha Otis in 1852, which used a special mechanism that locked the elevator car in place against hoisting rope failure.

The Otis Elevator Company was acquired by United Technologies in 1976, and was spun off as an independent company 44 years later in April 2020 as Otis Worldwide Corporation.

Its slogan is "Made to move you".

Moving walkway
A moving walkway – also known as an autowalk, moving pavement, moving sidewalk, travolator, or travelator – is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or inclined plane over a short to medium distance. They can be used by standing on them or walking on them, allowing users to cover that distance with less effort and/or more speed than by walking. They are commonly installed in pairs to provide transport in each direction. They are typically designed similarly to escalators and share much of the same underlying technology.
Herbert S. MacDonald
Herbert S. MacDonald (January 14, 1907 – January 15, 1998) was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1972 to 1975.  He also served as a one term member of the Connecticut State Senate from 1946 to 1948.

Born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, he was 1929 graduate of Yale College and received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1932.

MacDonald was elected to the court in 1946, receiving roughly two thirds of the popular vote. He retired from full service on the court on January 14, 1972. He died at a hospital in North Branford, Connecticut, at the age of 91.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Lily Renée
Lily Renée Phillips (née Willheim; May 12, 1921 – August 24, 2022), often credited as L. Renée, Lily Renée, or Reney, was an Austrian-born American artist best known as one of the earliest women in the comic-book industry, beginning in the 1940s period known as the Golden Age of Comics. She escaped from Nazi-occupied Vienna to England and later New York City, whereupon she found work as a penciller and inker at the comics publisher Fiction House, working on such features as "Jane Martin", "The Werewolf Hunter", "The Lost World" and "Señorita Rio".

Golden Age of Comic Books
The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era in the history of American comic books from 1938 to 1956. During this time, modern comic books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many well-known characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Robin, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Wonder Woman.
Vlahov
Vlahov (Bulgarian: Влахов) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Vlahov (born 1969), Australian basketball player

Dimitar Vlahov (1878–1953), politician

Len Vlahov (1940–1997), Australian athlete

Dimitar Vlahov
Dimitar Vlahov (Bulgarian: Димитър Влахов; Macedonian: Димитар Влахов; 8 November 1878 – 7 April 1953) was a politician, communist activist and member of the left-wing of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) from the region of Macedonia. Vlahov was a member of the Ottoman Parliament, as well as a member and co-founder of People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section). He was a co-founder and leader of IMRO (United). After World War II, he took part in the government of the newly established SR Macedonia and SFR Yugoslavia. In 1946, he lost his political influence.
White's Creek Aqueduct
White's Creek Aqueduct is a heritage-listed sewage aqueduct at Piper Street, Lilyfield, Inner West Council, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by engineer William Julius Baltzer of the New South Wales Public Works Department and built by the Department from 1897 to 1898. The property is owned by Sydney Water. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 18 November 1999.

NSW Public Works
NSW Public Works (or New South Wales Public Works) is a statutory agency of the Government of New South Wales that is responsible for providing expert advice to government and professional services, as well as government agency clients in New South Wales, Australia.

The agency manages a range of large and small projects and facilities contracts with an annual value of more than A$1 billion. It merged with Property NSW to form a new Property and Advisory Group of the New South Wales Public Works Advisory in July 2016.

The agency was led by Deputy Director-General, presently Brian Baker, who reported to the Director General of the Department of Finance, Services and Innovation, most recently Martin Hoffman, who reported to the Minister for Finance, Services and Property, most recently Victor Dominello MP.

NSW Public Works is an active agency as of 2024
Aleksandr Kudashev
Aleksandr Kudashev (born 5 December 1995) is a Russian swimmer. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was provisionally suspended by FINA for doping but was reinstated by CAS in time for his participation in the Games.

Court of Arbitration for Sport
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS; French: Tribunal arbitral du sport, TAS) is an international body established in 1984 to settle disputes related to sport through arbitration. Its headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland, and its courts are located in New York City, Sydney, and Lausanne. Temporary courts are established in current Olympic host cities.

The International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS) was established simultaneously, and a single president presides over both bodies. The ICAS, which has a membership of 20 individuals, is responsible for the financing of and financial reporting by the CAS, and it appoints the Director-General of the CAS.
Lee Wai Lun
Lee Wai Lun (Chinese: 利偉倫; Jyutping: lei6 wai5 leon4; born 7 March 1981) is a Hong Kong former professional footballer who played as a right back. He was a member and vice-captain of the Hong Kong national football team.

Hong Kong national football team
The Hong Kong representation football team (Chinese: 香港足球代表隊; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jūkkàuh doihbíu deuih; recognised as Hong Kong, China by FIFA) represents Hong Kong in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Hong Kong, China, the governing body for football in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong hosted the first AFC Asian Cup in 1956 and won third place, also reaching the semifinals in 1964. Hong Kong did not qualify for another AFC tournament until 2023. They had never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have qualified for the EAFF E-1 Football Championship five times, in 2003, 2010, 2019, 2022 and 2025.
Heracles in popular culture
Heracles, also known as Hercules, is a Greek and Roman mythological hero known for his strength and far-ranging adventures. He is one of the most commonly portrayed figures from classical mythology in the popular culture of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Heracles
Heracles (/ˈhɛrəkliːz/ ⓘ Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλῆς, lit. 'glory/fame of Hera'), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon. He was a descendant of Perseus, another son of Zeus.

He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, the ancestor of royal clans known as Heracleidae (Ἡρακλεῖδαι), and a champion of the Olympian order against chthonic monsters. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. Details of his cult were adapted to Rome as well.
Shalka, Iran
Shalka (Persian: شالكا, also Romanized as Shālkā) is a village in Tulem Rural District, Tulem District, Sowme'eh Sara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 5 families. Down to 17 people and 4 households in 2011. In 2016, it had less than 4 households and its population was not reported.

Sowme'eh Sara County
Sowme'eh Sara County (Persian: شهرستان صومعه‌سرا) is in Gilan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Sowme'eh Sara. The county is in the west of Gilan and is surrounded by Fuman County, Masal County, and Bandar-e Anzali County.
Mark Blagrove
Mark Blagrove is a British research psychologist who specializes in the study of sleep and  dreams.

He is a professor of psychology at Swansea University in Wales, and is Director of the Swansea University Sleep Laboratory.

The Psychologist (magazine)
The Psychologist is the monthly publication of the British Psychological Society. It provides a forum for communication, discussion and controversy among all members of the society and it helps promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge of psychology, pure and applied. The Psychologist is read by more than 50,000 members in print, and many non-members read the online version. It was launched in 1988, incorporating the existing Bulletin of the British Psychological Society. The 2016 issues are volume 29.

Dr Jon Sutton, who joined the Society in March 2000, from a psychology lectureship at Glasgow Caledonian University, is the Managing Editor.
Govind Ramnath Kare College of Law
The Govind Ramnath Kare College of Law, popularly known as the G.R. Kare College of Law, and also as the Kare Law College, is a law college located at Comba in Margao, Goa.

Kare College is the only centre of legal education in the district of South Goa. It was established by the "Vidya Vikas Mandal" in 1979.  The college is managed by the "Vidya Vikas Mandal" and is affiliated to the Goa University. It has been recognised by the University Grants Commission and Bar Council of India. Kare College has been accredited with 'B' grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council. The current edifice of the institution was inaugurated on 21 September 2001 by the then Union Minister of Law and Justice, Arun Jaitley.

Additional Solicitor General of India
Additional Solicitor General of India abbreviated as Addl. SGI is a law officer of India who assists the Solicitor-General and the Attorney-General. Addl. SGI is governed by Law Officers (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1987.
Bridgeland (surname)
Bridgeland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Bridgeland, basketball coach

John Bridgeland, United States activist working in White House and Congress

John A. Bridgland (1826–1890), also known as John Alexander Bridgeland, American diplomat, businessman and soldier

Samuel Bridgeland (1847–1903), Canadian physician and politician

Tom Bridgeland (born 1973), British mathematician

Tom Bridgeland
Thomas Andrew Bridgeland FRS (born 1973) is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of Sheffield.  He was a senior research fellow in 2011–2013 at All Souls College, Oxford and, since 2013, remains as a Quondam Fellow. He is most well-known for defining Bridgeland stability conditions on triangulated categories.
Elena Odriozola
Elena Odriozola (born 1967) is a Spanish illustrator of books for children and young adults. For her lasting contribution to children's literature she received the Golden Apple of the Biennial of Illustration Bratislava (2015) for her work illustrating in 2013 Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus.

Biennial of Illustration Bratislava
The Biennial of Illustration Bratislava (BIB) is one of the oldest international honours for children's book illustrators. First granted in 1967 to Yasuo Segawa (Japan), it is one of the more prestigious children's book awards today, along with the Hans Christian Andersen Award. Artists are selected by an international jury, and their original artwork is exhibited in Bratislava, Slovakia. From the very beginning BIB has been held under the auspices of UNESCO and the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), and with the support of the Ministry of Culture, Slovakia. There are twelve awards, including a grand prize for unique and outstanding illustration:

1 Grand Prix

5 Golden Apples

5 Plaques

1 Honorary Mention Certificate to Publisher

In 1987 BIBIANA – International House of Art for Children was founded as a "cultural institution with international activity". BIBIANA now also organizes Biennial of Animation Bratislava (BAB).
Cucurbita pedatifolia
Cucurbita pedatifolia is a xerophyte plant species of the genus Cucurbita. It is native to Querétaro, Mexico. It has not been domesticated. While C. pedatifolia has been cross bred, results have met with limited success. It does not cross well with other species of Cucurbita. It is a close relative of Cucurbita radicans. Geographic location and genetics make it highly likely that Cucurbita scabridifolia  is a naturally occurring hybrid of Cucurbita foetidissima and C. pedatifolia. It also has some mesophyte traits may represent a transitional state between the mesophytic Cucurbita and the xerophytic Cucurbita.

The species was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum. Cucurbita moorei was at one time described as a separate species native to the vicinity of Ixmiquilpan, Mexico within Cucurbita, but now is considered a synonym for C. pedatifolia.

Cucurbita pedatifolia was first formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1948, in Gentes Herbarum.

Xerophyte
A xerophyte (from Ancient Greek  ξηρός (xērós) 'dry' and  φυτόν (phutón) 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are adapted to conserve water during dry periods. Some species called resurrection plants can survive long periods of extreme dryness or desiccation of their tissues, during which their metabolic activity may effectively shut down. Plants with such morphological and physiological adaptations are said to be xeromorphic. Xerophytes such as cacti are capable of withstanding extended periods of dry conditions as they have deep-spreading roots and capacity to store water. Their waxy, thorny leaves prevent loss of moisture.
108 Aquarii
108 Aquarii (abbreviated 108 Aqr) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 108 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation i3 Aquarii and the variable star designation ET Aquarii. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.194 and can be seen with the naked eye under suitably dark skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 10.23 (with a 3% margin of error), the distance to this star is 319 light-years (98 parsecs).

In 1962, Helmut Abt and John C. Golson announced that 108 Aquarii is a variable star. It was given its variable star designation in 1973.

This is an Ap star; meaning it has a peculiar spectrum that shows an overabundance of certain elements. It has more than three times the mass of the Sun and is 2.5 times the Sun's radius. 108 Aquarii is radiating 132 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 12,274 K. At this heat, the star has the white hue of an A-type star.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
Divinefire
Divinefire is a  Christian metal group founded in the spring of  2004 by Finnish guitarist Jani Stefanovic, and Swedish singer Christian Liljegren.  Liljegren is the current frontman of the band Narnia.

The group signed a contract with King Records, in Japan and proceeded to release their first album, Glory Thy Name on December 18, 2004. One month later it was released in Western countries by Rivel Records, Christian Liljegren's label.

Their style mixes power metal with both melodic and aggressive elements.

They have also had many special guest musicians on their albums.  Among them have been Carl Johan Grimmark of Narnia and Eric Clayton of Saviour Machine.

King Records (Japan)
King Record Co., Ltd. (キングレコード株式会社, Kingu Rekōdo Kabushiki gaisha), commonly known as King Records, is a Japanese record company founded in January 1931 as a division of the Japanese publisher Kodansha. It initially began operating as an independent entity in the 1950s. It later became part of the Otowa Group. Today, King Records is one of Japan's largest record companies which is not owned by a multinational entity. The label's headquarters are in Bunkyo, Tokyo.

The label's name is actually based from the now-defunct Kingu magazine published by Kodansha from 1924 to 1957.
Robin Pedersen
Robin Mattias Johannes Pedersen (born 31 August 1996) is a Norwegian ski jumper.

At the 2016 Junior World Championships he won a silver medal in the team competition and placed 22nd in the normal hill. He made his Continental Cup debut in December 2015 in Rovaniemi, recording his first podiums in December 2018 in Lillehammer with a third place before managing back-to-back victories the next week in Ruka.

He made his FIS Ski Jumping World Cup debut in March 2018 at the Holmenkollen ski festival. He collected his first World Cup points with a 30th place on New Years' Day 2019, later breaking the top 20 with an 18th place in Bischofshofen, both as part of the 2018-19 Four Hills Tournament where he finished 33rd overall.

He represents the sports club IL Stålkameratene. He is a son of ski jumper and national team coach Trond Jøran Pedersen.

Holmenkollen Ski Festival
The Holmenkollen Ski Festival (Norwegian: Holmenkollen skifestival or Holmenkollrennene) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway. The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic.
David Nimmer
David Nimmer (born January 14, 1955) is an American lawyer, law professor, and authority in United States copyright law. He received an A.B. with distinction and honors in 1977 from Stanford University and his J.D. in 1980 from Yale Law School, where he served as editor of the Yale Law Journal. David Nimmer is of counsel to Irell & Manella LLP in Los Angeles, California. He also serves as a Professor from Practice at University of California, Los Angeles Law School  and Distinguished Scholar at the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology. In 2000, he was elected to the American Law Institute. He has served as a guest professor at the University of Haifa, Yeshiva University (Cardozo Law School), the University of Miami, and Syracuse University.

Nimmer also served as the Chairman on the Committee on Intellectual Properties Litigation for the American Bar Association from 1989-1992.

Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
The Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law is the law school of Yeshiva University in New York City. Founded in 1976 and now located on Fifth Avenue near Union Square in Lower Manhattan, the school is named for Supreme Court Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo. An LL.M. program was established in 1998. Cardozo is nondenominational and has a secular curriculum, in contrast to some of Yeshiva University's undergraduate programs. Around 320 students begin the J.D. program per year, of whom about 57% are women. In addition, there are about 60–70 LL.M. students each year.
Ralph Weichselbaum
Ralph R. Weichselbaum (born 12 December 1945 in Chicago) is an American physician specializing in radiation oncology,    a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, Ludwig professor,  He is  Daniel K. Ludwig  Distinguished Service Professor of Radiation Oncology and Chairman, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine,   and  Head of the University of Chicago Center for Radiation Therapy, and the   director of the Chicago Tumor Institute. Weichselbaum is also Co- Director of the Ludwig Center for Metastasis  Research at the University of  Chicago.

Pritzker School of Medicine
The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine is the M.D.-granting unit within the Biological Sciences Division of the University of Chicago. It is located on the university's main campus in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago and matriculated its first class in 1927. It offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, joint degree programs, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education.  Its primary teaching hospital is the University of Chicago Medical Center.
Achumbemo Kikon
Achumbemo Kikon (born 1976) is an Indian politician from Nagaland. He is an MLA from Bhandari Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribes, in Wokha District. He won the 2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, representing Naga People's Front.

Wokha district
Wokha district (Pron:/ˈwəʊkə/) is a district of Nagaland state in India. It is the home of the Lotha Nagas. Gastronomically, it known for its variety of fermented bamboo shoots (bastenga). It holds an important place as the roosting site of the migratory Amur Falcon. Geologically, it has known oil deposits.