hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military history of South America
The military history of South America can be divided into two major periods – pre- and post-Columbian – divided by the entrance of European forces to the region. The sudden introduction of steel, gunpowder weapons and horses into the Americas would revolutionize warfare. Within the post-Columbian period, the events of the early 19th century, when almost all of South America was marked by wars of independence, also forms a natural historical juncture. Throughout its history, South America has had distinct military features: it has been geographically separated from many major military powers by large oceans; its unique terrain has imposed major logistical challenges, and privileged naval lines of communications.

Since the 1940s, the region has avoided wars between its states; see South American Long Peace.

Caupolicán
Caupolicán (meaning 'polished flint' (queupu) or 'blue quartz stone' (Kallfulikan) in Mapudungun) was a toqui or war leader of the Mapuche people, who led the resistance of his people against the Spanish conquistadors who invaded the territory of today's Chile during the sixteenth century. His rule as Toqui lasted roughly from 1553–1558 AD.
Linnell
Linnell is an English surname. People bearing this name include:

Albert Paul Linnell (1922–2017), American astronomer

Allison Linnell (born 1990), American racing cyclist

Derek Linnell (born 1968), Canadian ice hockey player

Francis John Linnell (1892–1944), RAF commander

Jim Linnell, American leather craftsman

John Linnell, multiple people including:
John Linnell (cabinet maker) (1729–1796), English cabinet-maker
John Linnell (painter) (1792–1882), English landscape painter, who was father of:
John Linnell the Younger (1821–1906), English botanist
John Wycliffe Linnell (1878–1967), British physician
John Linnell (born 1959), American rock musician who co-founded the band They Might Be Giants

Stuart Linnell (born 1947), British broadcaster

Derek Linnell
Derek Linnell (born November 15, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman.

Linnell attended University of Alaska Fairbanks where he played NCAA Division I hockey with the Alaska Nanooks. In February 1992 he was forced to leave the team after it was found he was in violation of NCAA rules by playing while in his sixth year of college.

Linnell began his professional career with the 1992–93 season, playing three seasons with the ECHL team, before jumping to the West Coast Hockey League to play the 1995–96 season with the Alaska Gold Kings.
Ken Davitian
Kenneth Davitian (Armenian: Քենեթ Դավիթյան; born June 19, 1953) is an American actor, best known for his role as Borat's producer Azamat Bagatov in the 2006 comedy film Borat, and for his role as Shtarker in the 2008 action-comedy film Get Smart.

Get Smart (film)
Get Smart is a 2008 American spy action comedy film directed by Peter Segal, written by Tom J. Astle and Matt Ember and produced by Leonard B. Stern, who was also the producer of the original series. The film is based on Mel Brooks and Buck Henry's television series of the same name. The film stars Steve Carell, Anne Hathaway, Dwayne Johnson, and Alan Arkin, with Terence Stamp and James Caan in supporting roles. Bernie Kopell, who played Siegfried in the original series, also appeared in the film. The film centers on an analyst named Maxwell Smart (Carell) who dreams of becoming a real field agent and a better spy.

The film was released in North America on June 20, 2008.

Get Smart received mixed reviews from critics but was a commercial success, earning $230 million on an $80 million budget.
Dan Wells (actor)
Daniel Dwayne Wells (born October 25, 1973) is an American reality television personality and actor. He is best known for playing the role of Eric Simpson in Watch Over Me.

He also appeared on Days of Our Lives in an unconventional story; his character Stan was one of the show's main female characters in disguise.

In recent years, Wells changed careers and now works in the fitness field. He opened several gyms and has appeared on talk shows as a fitness expert. In 2016, he appeared on NBC's Strong as one of the trainers for the competitors.

Watch Over Me
Watch Over Me is an American television series that debuted on December 6, 2006, on MyNetworkTV. Twentieth Television produced 66 episodes to air weekdays. The limited-run serial is an adaptation of Argentine series Resistiré.

Dayanara Torres, a former Miss Universe, played a woman torn between her bioterrorist fiancé (Marc Menard) and her bodyguard, played by Todd Cahoon. Catherine Oxenberg and Casper Van Dien also appeared as villains.

Telefe, which produced the original version, syndicates a 64-episode run of the series in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. It promoted the show as mixing a classic Latin genre with Hollywood aesthetics. From July 2009, it was aired in Slovakia on TV Markíza, taking the slot of Latin American telenovelas, but the show was not very successful.

As of 2021, it is available for streaming on TubiTV.
Telluride Blues & Brews Festival
Telluride Blues & Brews Festival is a three-day music festival held in September in the Town of Telluride, Colorado. Blues & Brews is a three-day celebration of music and microbrews held in Telluride Town Park, an outdoor music venue with 13,000 foot mountains as a backdrop. The festival offers a mix of live blues, funk, rock, jam band, gospel and soul performances, a beer Grand Tasting with 56 microbreweries, food and craft vendors, children's activities, and late night shows. The festival also includes a blues competition where the winner plays a slot on the main .

The festival features on-site camping and glamour camping ("glamping")

This festival went on hiatus in 2020, but has taken place annually since starting back up in 2021.

Glamping
Glamping is a portmanteau of "glamorous" and "camping", and describes a style of camping with amenities and, in some cases, resort-style services not usually associated with "traditional" camping. Glamping has become particularly popular with 21st-century tourists seeking modern amenities, such as Wi-Fi, alongside "the escapism and adventure recreation of camping", in a variety of accommodations such as cabins, treehouses, and tents.
Bernard Iddings Bell
Bernard Iddings Bell (October 13, 1886 – September 5, 1958) was an American Christian author, Episcopal priest, and conservative cultural commentator. His religious writings, social critiques, and homilies on post-war society were acclaimed in the United States, England, and in Canada, receiving praise from intellectuals such as Albert Jay Nock, T. S. Eliot, Richard M. Weaver, and Russell Kirk. Featured on the cover of Time magazine as America's "brilliant maverick," he authored over 20 books and numerous articles appearing in The New York Times, The Atlantic, The Criterion, Scribner's, and Commonweal. For the majority of his career, he toured and lectured at universities such as Harvard, Oxford, Yale, Columbia, Chicago, and Princeton as well as "almost every cathedral in England."

Richard M. Weaver
Richard Malcolm Weaver, Jr (March 3, 1910 – April 1, 1963) was an American scholar who taught English at the University of Chicago. He is primarily known as an intellectual historian, political philosopher, and a mid-20th century conservative and as an authority on modern rhetoric. Weaver was briefly a socialist during his youth, a lapsed leftist intellectual (conservative by the time he was in graduate school), a teacher of composition, a Platonist philosopher, cultural critic, and a theorist of human nature and society.

Described by biographer Fred Young as a "radical and original thinker", Weaver's books Ideas Have Consequences (1948) and The Ethics of Rhetoric (1953) remain influential among conservative theorists and scholars of the American South.  Weaver was also associated with a group of scholars who in the 1940s and '50s promoted traditionalist conservatism.
Laurence Konmla Bropleh
Laurence Bropleh (born April 13, 1967) is a Liberian Politician, Diplomat, United Methodist clergyman, lawyer, former Cabinet-Level government official, and business executive. Bropleh was Minister of information, Cultural Affairs and Tourism of the Republic of Liberia in the administration of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. He is the owner of a farm in Grand Bassa County and Law Practice on United Nations Drive in Monrovia. Bropleh received primary education in Liberia and advanced degrees including a Ph.D. in the United States.

Grand Bassa County
Grand Bassa is a county in the west-central portion of the West African nation of Liberia. One of 15 counties that comprise the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has eight districts. Buchanan serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring 3,064 square miles (7,940 km2). As of the 2022 Census, it had a population of 293,557, making it the sixth most populous county in Liberia.

Grand Bassa's County Superintendent is Karyou Johnson. The county is bordered by Margibi County to the northwest, Bong County to the north, Nimba County to the east, and Rivercess County to the south and east. The western part of Grand Bassa borders the Atlantic Ocean.
Oldsmobile Recon
The Oldsmobile Recon was a 1999 concept car built by Oldsmobile. It was a  compact crossover SUV that featured 5 doors, 5 seats, a dual panel panoramic sunroof and rear suicide doors. Another unique feature was a reconfigurable instrument panel. The Recon was all-wheel-drive. It also featured a 3.0L V6 engine. The Recon never became a production model; the most likely reason is Oldsmobile's discontinuation in 2004. However, GM's first true compact SUV, the 2002 Saturn Vue does bear a slight resemblance to the Recon.

V6 engine
A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders and cylinder blocks share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration.

The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye. Engines built after World War II include the Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia, and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special.  The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines.
National Route 12 (Morocco)
Route 12 is approximately 450 kilometers (280 miles) long, running eastward from Berrechid through several notable towns, including Khenifra, Demnate, and Tinghir. The route connects the Casablanca-Settat region to the Drâa-Tafilalet region, providing access to the High Atlas Mountains and connecting travelers to destinations in Morocco’s inland and southern regions.

The highway serves as a vital connection between Marrakech and the desert regions of Morocco, making it an important road for both tourists and commerce.

Drâa-Tafilalet
Drâa-Tafilalet (Arabic: درعة - تافيلالت, romanized: darʿa - tāfīlālt) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 88,836 km2 and had a population of 1,635,008 as of the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Errachidia.
Rio's World Cup Wind-Ups
Rio's World Cup Wind-Ups was a short hidden camera practical joke show hosted by English footballer Rio Ferdinand which was filmed shortly before the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The show strongly resembled the American show Punk'd which is hosted and produced by Ashton Kutcher. Ferdinand chose certain English footballers to play a prank on. The pranks would usually end with the catchphrase — You got merked!.

Practical joke
A practical joke or prank is a trick played on people, generally causing the victim to experience embarrassment, perplexity, confusion, discomfort, or irritation. The perpetrator of a practical joke is called a "practical joker" or "prankster". Other terms for practical jokes include gag,  rib, jape, shenanigan, and troll. Some countries in western nations make it tradition to carry out pranks on April Fools' Day and Mischief Night.
Mayde Creek High School
Mayde Creek High School (MCHS) is a public high school located on Groschke Road in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, and is part of the Katy Independent School District. Mayde Creek serves the portions of the city of Houston located in Katy ISD, including Addicks. Mayde Creek also serves many unincorporated communities in Harris County.

The school opened in 1984, with two grades, eighth and ninth. By the 1985-1986 academic year it held 8th, 9th, 10th graders; 1986-1987 held 9th,10th,11th graders.

Harris County, Texas
Harris County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,731,145, and was estimated to be 5,009,302 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Texas and the third-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Houston, the most populous city in Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on December 22, 1836 and organized on March 10, 1837. It is named for John Richardson Harris, who founded the town of Harrisburg on Buffalo Bayou in 1826. It contains over 16% of the state's population. Harris County is included in the nine-county Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area, which is the fifth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.
Providence Friars men's soccer
The Providence Friars men's soccer program represents Providence College in all NCAA Division I men's college soccer competitions. Founded in 1968, the Friars compete in the Big East Conference. The Friars are coached by Craig Stewart, a former semi-professional player and head coach for the Franklin Pierce Ravens men's soccer program. Providence plays their home matches at Chapey Field at Anderson Stadium.

Franklin Pierce Ravens
The Franklin Pierce Ravens are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Franklin Pierce University, located in Rindge, New Hampshire, in NCAA sporting competitions. Franklin Pierce competes at the Division II level in 22 varsity sports.

In terms of conferences, the Ravens are primarily members of the Northeast-10 Conference, of which it has been a member since 2000. The three exceptions are the women's bowling team, which is a member of the East Coast Conference; the women's ice hockey team, which competes at the National Collegiate (Division I) level in the New England Women's Hockey Alliance (NEWHA), where it began play in Division I in 2019; and the women's rowing team, which competes as an independent.
Rey–Osterrieth complex figure
The Rey–Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) is a neuropsychological assessment in which examinees are asked to reproduce a complicated line drawing, first by copying it freehand (recognition), and then drawing from memory (recall). Many different cognitive abilities are needed for a correct performance, and the test therefore permits the evaluation of different functions, such as visuospatial abilities, memory, attention, planning, working memory and (executive functions). First proposed by Swiss psychologist André Rey in 1941 and further standardized by Paul-Alexandre Osterrieth in 1944, it is frequently used to further explain any secondary effect of brain injury in neurological patients, to test for the presence of dementia, or to study the degree of cognitive development in children.

Spatial visualization ability
Spatial visualization ability or visual-spatial ability is the ability to mentally manipulate 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional figures.  It is typically measured with simple cognitive tests and is predictive of user performance with some kinds of user interfaces.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Comanche County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Comanche County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Comanche County, Texas. There are three listings on the National Register in the county, of which one is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Augustus Hendriks
Augustus Mark Hendriks (c. 1881 – 25 May 1915) was a British amateur tennis player.

The son of an actuary, Hendriks attended Rugby School from 1894 to 1897.

Hendriks served with the Paget's Horse in the Second Boer War.

A member of the Queen's Club, Hendriks competed in six editions of the Wimbledon Championships. He had his best singles performance in 1910, when he made the third round for the only time, and was a men's doubles semi-finalist in 1913, partnering with Walter Crawley.

Hendriks served with the Royal Fusiliers and West Yorkshire Regiment in World War I. He was killed in action during fighting near Ypres in 1915 and is commemorated at the Ploegsteert Memorial.

Rugby School
Rugby School is a private boarding school for pupils aged 13–18, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England.

Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It was one of nine schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 and later regulated as one of the seven schools included in the Public Schools Act 1868. Originally a boys' school, it became fully co-educational in 1992.

The school's alumni – or "Old Rugbeians" – include a UK prime minister, a French prime minister, several bishops, poets, scientists, writers and soldiers.

Rugby School is the birthplace of rugby football.
Greg Thielmann
A. Gregory Thielmann is a former mid-level official in the U.S. State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research who, after retiring in September 2002, publicly disputed the rationale for the U.S. invasion of Iraq offered by the George W. Bush administration. He is currently a board member of the Arms Control Association and member of the Council on Foreign Relations. His areas of expertise and research include threat assessments, nuclear/missile proliferation, and US-Russian strategic arms control.

Arms Control Association
The Arms Control Association (ACA) is a United States–based nonpartisan membership organization founded in 1971, with the self-stated mission of "promoting public understanding of and support for effective arms control policies."

The group publishes the monthly magazine Arms Control Today. It contains topical news updates as well as extended, footnoted articles. The ACA is located in Washington, D.C.
Chapultepec Zoo
Chapultepec Zoo (Spanish: Zoológico de Chapultepec) is a zoo located in Chapultepec Park; it is one of four zoos near Mexico City, and the best known Mexican zoo. It was founded July 6, 1923, by Mexican biologist Alfonso Luis Herrera using donations from private citizens and governmental funds from the Ministry of Agriculture and Development, and also with funds from the Society of Biological Studies.

The zoo houses almost 2000 animals from more than 200 species. The zoo is known for its success in breeding programs of threatened species, including: giant pandas (first institution outside of China to successfully breed the species in captivity), California condors (first institution outside of the United States to successfully breed the species) and Mexican wolves (first litter of cubs born to released wolves).

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
Bubble Hits
Bubble Hits was an Irish digital television music channel owned by Creative Sounds. It broadcast two channels, one for Ireland, and a Pan-European feed which covered the United Kingdom, Hungary, Romania, Poland and Germany. On 13 February 2009, Bubble Hits went off air and was removed from most of TV EPGs. The websites, including the official one and social networking versions on MySpace and Bebo were also removed. The closure of the channel was due to the current downturn in advertising revenue.

Bebo
Bebo (/ˈbiːboʊ/ BEE-boh) was an American social networking website that originally operated from 2005 until its bankruptcy in 2013. The site relaunched several times after its bankruptcy with a number of short-lived offerings, including instant messaging and video streaming, until its acquisition by Amazon in July 2019 when it was shut down. It was announced in January 2021 that it would be returning as a new social-media site the month after. By May 2022, it had once again been shut down, without having left beta-testing.

The site was founded by  Michael Birch and Xochi Birch.
Maryland Legislative District 8
Maryland's Legislative District 8 is one of 47 districts in the state for the Maryland General Assembly. The district currently consists of part of Baltimore County, Maryland. The district includes the communities of Carney, Overlea, Parkville, Perry Hall, Rosedale, Rossville, Towson, and White Marsh. The District was established in 1975. The district also represented a small portion of Northeast Baltimore City, Maryland from 1995 to 2002.

The district is represented by one State Senator and three State Delegates all of which serve four year terms elected during the Maryland Gubernatorial Elections.

Towson, Maryland
Towson (/ˈtaʊsən/) is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 59,533 in the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Baltimore County and the second-most populous unincorporated county seat in the United States (after Ellicott City, the seat of nearby Howard County, southwest of Baltimore).
Jowett Walk
Jowett Walk is a road in central Oxford, England. It connects Mansfield Road to the west with St Cross Road to the east, running parallel with and north of Holywell Street.

The road was formerly named Love Lane and used to continue north to South Parks Road on what is now Mansfield Road. It is now named after the well-known Victorian Master of Balliol College, Benjamin Jowett (1817–1893). Much of the land in the area is owned by Balliol College, including the playing fields to the north and student housing. The Michael Pilch Studio, owned by Balliol College, is a black box theatre located in Jowett Walk.

Merton College has a graduate annexe to the south of Jowett Walk at the eastern end.
The Oxford Department of International Development is on the corner with Mansfield Road.

Department of International Development, University of Oxford
The Department of International Development, or Queen Elizabeth House (QEH), is an academic department at the Social Sciences Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. It focuses on multidisciplinary research and postgraduate teaching on the developing world.