hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Typhoon Doug
Typhoon Doug, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ritang, was the only Category 5 typhoon in the 1994 Pacific typhoon season. The 13th storm and the second super typhoon of the season, it formed on the eastern end of a monsoon trough and developed into a tropical depression on August 2. It moved west and rapidly strengthened. Doug reached a peak of 925 mbar (27.3 inHg) and  winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) before brushing  the coast of Taiwan. Doug made landfall near Shanghai, China as a weak tropical depression. Doug killed 26 people and caused $110 million (1994 USD) damage in Taiwan. Doug's effects reached Korea.

Monsoon trough
The monsoon trough is a convergence zone between the wind patterns of the southern and northern hemispheres. It is a portion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Western Pacific, and is depicted by a line on a weather map showing the locations of minimum sea level pressure.

Westerly monsoon winds lie in its equatorward portion while easterly trade winds exist poleward of the trough. Right along its axis, heavy rains can be found which usher in the peak of a location's respective rainy season. The monsoon trough plays a role in creating many of the world's rainforests.

The term monsoon trough is most commonly used in monsoonal regions of the Western Pacific such as Asia and Australia. The migration of the ITCZ/monsoon trough into a landmass heralds the beginning of the annual rainy season during summer months. Depressions and tropical cyclones often form in the vicinity of the monsoon trough, with each capable of producing a year's worth of rainfall in a matter of days.
Seiko Mikami
Seiko Mikami  (Kanji:三上 晴子; 1961 – January 2, 2015) was a Japanese artist known for her large-scale interactive art installations. Mikami was born in Shizuoka, Japan, in 1961, and she stepped into the art scene in the mid-1980s with large-scale art that studied information society and the human body. After moving to the United States in 1991, she studied computer science at the New York Institute of Technology, which lead her art to focus on the interaction between electronics and the human perception. She became a professor in the Department of Information Design at Tama University in 2000. Mikami died from cancer on January 2, 2015.

Shizuoka (city)
Shizuoka (静岡市, Shizuoka-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ɕi.(d)zɯꜜ.o.ka, ɕi.(d)zɯ.o.kaꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, and the prefecture's second-largest city in both population and area. It has been populated since prehistoric times. As of 1 September 2023, the city had an estimated population of 677,867 in 106,087 households, and a population density of 480 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,200/sq mi).
Toss Panos
Anastasios (Toss) Panos is a Greek-American drummer who has played or recorded with Dweezil Zappa, Sting, Steven Stills, Paul Rodgers, Michael Landau, Robben Ford, Toy Matinee, Jude Cole, Mike Keneally, John Goodsall, Steve Vai, Mark Hart, Mel Torme, Peter Himmelman, Andy Summers, Cliff Richard, Vonda Shepard and Eric Burdon. He is also the owner of Tossimos Recording Studio.

Mark Hart
Mark Hart (born July 2, 1953) is an American musician and multi-instrumentalist. He was a member of Supertramp (1986–1988, 1996–2002) and Crowded House (1993–1996, 2007–2016), and has also worked as a touring and session musician for Ringo Starr and others. Hart has composed film scores and is a record producer.
Dutch Sommer
Frank A. "Dutch" Sommer (January 1, 1886 – April 1, 1942) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Colgate University (1912), Pennsylvania Military College—now known as Widener University (1913), Villanova College—now Villanova University (1914–1915, 1924), and Michigan Agricultural College—now Michigan State University (1916), compiling a career coaching record of 26–13–5. Sommer coached at Colgate in 1912, where he compiled a record of 5–2. He then coached at Villanova for 1914, 1915, and later for one season in 1924. His overall record there was 12–9–2. In his only season at Michigan Agricultural in 1916, Sommer led the Aggies to a 4–2–1 record. Sommer was an All-American halfback from the University of Pennsylvania. He earned a L.L.B. degree at Penn, graduating in 1913. Sommer died on April 1, 1942, at St. Mary's Hospital in Philadelphia.

Widener University
Widener University is a private university in Chester, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in 1821, the university was known as the Pennsylvania Military College until 1972. Widener enrolls approximately 3,500 undergraduate students across six colleges and schools. The university also operates two distinct law schools in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Wilmington, Delaware. Widener is named in honor of Eleanor Elkins Widener.

The university offers associate’s, bachelor’s, master's, and doctoral degrees in a variety of fields across liberal arts, business, and engineering, to nursing and a variety of health and human service professional programs.
Miquel Adlert i Noguerol
Miquel Adlert i Noguerol (1911 in Paterna, l'Horta de Valencia, Spain – 1989) was a Valencian novelist and publisher.

He was one of the main instigators of the literary renaissance in Valencia (Valencia area of Spain) during the 1940s. In 1943, he co-founded with Xavier Casp the publishing house l’Editorial Torre, which published the best-known Valencian writers of the post-war era.

In 1935, he was a member of the Valencian nationalist political party Accio Nacionalista Valenciana. After the Spanish Civil War, the party could nott be legalised, and all his efforts were focused into literature.

In 1953, his novel I la pau ("And the Peace") and his novella El salze à la sendera ("One on the Path"), both with characteristic features of the Catholic novel, were published. His short story collection Cor al nu was published in 1956.

When democracy was restored, he participated co-founding the magazine Murta, who was the most important media of the blaverist movement.

Paterna
Paterna is a city and a municipality in the province of Valencia in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is located northeast of the comarca of L'Horta de Valencia, 5 kilometres (3 miles) northwest of the inland suburbs of Valencia, and on the left bank of the river Turia. Its population in 2014 was 67,156 inhabitants, being the eleventh biggest city by population in the Valencian Community.
2023 Challenger de Buenos Aires – Doubles
Guido Andreozzi and Guillermo Durán were the defending champions but lost in the semifinals to Fernando Romboli and Marcelo Zormann.

Diego Hidalgo and Cristian Rodríguez won the title after defeating Romboli and Zormann 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Guido Andreozzi
Guido Andreozzi (Latin American Spanish: [ˈɡiðo andɾeˈosi]; Italian: [ˈɡwiːdo andreˈɔttsi]; born 5 August 1991) is an Argentine professional tennis player of Italian descent. His career-high rankings are world No. 70 in singles, achieved on 28 January 2019, and No. 28 in doubles, reached on 27 October 2025. He has won two ATP Tour and 36 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles.
Joseph W. Chamberlain
Joseph Wyan Chamberlain (August 24, 1928 – April 14, 2004) was an American atmospheric scientist and astronomer whose work shaped modern studies of the upper atmosphere and planetary aeronomy. He developed a kinetic description of the collisionless exosphere that is widely used to model atmospheric escape. He wrote the monograph Physics of the Aurora and Airglow in 1961, described by colleagues as a "classic book," and later the graduate text Theory of Planetary Atmospheres with Donald M. Hunten. He received the American Astronomical Society's Helen B. Warner Prize for Astronomy in 1961 and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1965.

Chamberlain died at home in Tucson, Arizona, on April 14, 2004, at 75.

Exosphere
The exosphere (/ˈɛksoʊsfɪər, ˈɛɡzoʊ-/; from Ancient Greek  ἔξω (éxō) 'outer, outside' and  -sphere) is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the density is so low that the molecules are essentially collision-less. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with outer space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. Very little is known about it due to a lack of research. Mercury, the Moon, Ceres, Europa, and Ganymede have surface boundary exospheres, which are exospheres without a denser atmosphere underneath. The Earth's exosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium, with some heavier atoms and molecules near the base.
Saltugilia splendens
Saltugilia splendens, is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names splendid woodland-gilia, Grinnell's gilia and splendid gilia.

It is endemic to California, where it grows in the chaparral and forests of the southern California Coast Ranges, the Transverse Ranges, and the San Jacinto Mountains.

San Jacinto Mountains
The San Jacinto Mountains (Mohave: Avii Hanupach) are a mountain range in Riverside County, located east of Los Angeles in southern California in the United States. The mountains are named for one of the first Black Friars, Saint Hyacinth (Spanish: San Jacinto), who is a popular patron in Latin America.
Billy Barquedier National Park
The Billy Barquedier National Park is a national park in Belize, located between 16.5–19 miles on the Hummingbird Highway in Stann Creek District, south of Belize City. It is located between the Mullins River and Stann Creek watersheds.

The national park consists of approximately 1,500 acres of conserved tropic forest, sitting on the Santa Rosa metasedimentary rock. Billy Barquedier was declared a national park in 2001 and is still in its infancy. Since its founding, the park has been managed by Steadfast Tourism and Conservation Association (STACA) along with the Forestry Department of Belize. The park consists of protected habitat and a hiking trail that leads to the Barquedier waterfall. The waterfall is the park's main tourist attraction, as well as the main supply of water to the three surrounding villages.

Stann Creek District
Stann Creek is a district in the south east region of Belize. According to the 2022 census, the district had a population of 48,162 people. Its capital is the town of Dangriga, formerly known as "Stann Creek Town". Stann comes from "stanns", or safe havens used by colonialists coming from the "old world" to the "new world".
The Big Time (novel)
The Big Time is a short science fiction novel by American writer Fritz Leiber. Awarded the Hugo Award for Best Novel or Novelette in 1958, The Big Time was published originally in two parts in Galaxy Magazine's March and April 1958 issues, illustrated by Virgil Finlay. It was subsequently reprinted in book form several times. The Big Time is a story involving only a few characters, but with a vast, cosmic backstory.

Virgil Finlay
Virgil Finlay (July 23, 1914 – January 18, 1971) was an American pulp fantasy, science fiction and horror illustrator. He has been called "part of the pulp magazine history ... one of the foremost contributors of original and imaginative art work for the most memorable science fiction and fantasy publications of our time." While he worked in a range of media, from gouache to oils, Finlay specialized in, and became famous for, detailed pen-and-ink drawings accomplished with abundant stippling, cross-hatching, and scratchboard techniques. Despite the very labor-intensive and time-consuming nature of his specialty, Finlay created more than 2600 works of graphic art in his 35-year career.

The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Finlay in 2012.
Church and 16th Street station
Church and 16th Street station is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro J Church line, located in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The station opened with the line on August 11, 1917. The station has two side platforms in the middle of Church Street (traffic islands) where passengers board or depart from trains. The stop is not accessible to people with disabilities.

The stop is also served by bus route 22 plus the J Bus which provides service along the J Church line during the early morning when trains do not operate.

In March 2014, Muni released details of the proposed implementation of their Transit Effectiveness Project (later rebranded MuniForward), which included a variety of stop changes for the J Church line. No changes were proposed for the 16th Street stop. One early-implementation item – red transit-only lanes from the 16th Street platforms northwards – was installed in March 2013 while the rest of the project was still in planning.

San Francisco Municipal Railway
The San Francisco Municipal Railway (SF Muni or Muni /ˈmjuːni/ MEW-nee) is the primary public transit system within San Francisco, California. It operates a system of bus routes (including trolleybuses), the Muni Metro light rail system, three historic cable car lines, and two historic streetcar lines. Previously an independent agency, the San Francisco Municipal Railway merged with two other agencies in 1999 to become the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA). In 2018, Muni served 46.7 square miles (121 km2) with an operating budget of about $1.2 billion. Muni is the seventh highest-ridership transit system in the United States, with 145,641,700 rides in 2024, and the second highest in California after the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
Nele Meckler
Anna Nele Meckler is a professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Bergen, and is also affiliated with the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. She specialises in paleoceanography and paleoclimatology, and leads multiple grants to develop new techniques to reconstruct past temperatures, most importantly clumped isotope thermometry. By analysing speleothems Meckler's team can identify how past levels of CO2 in the atmosphere correlate with temperature changes, which gives essential knowledge for predicting future climate change.

Speleothem
A speleothem (/ˈspiːliəθɛm/; from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  θέμα (théma) 'deposit') is a geological formation made by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves. They can take a variety of forms, depending on their depositional history and environment. Common forms include stalagmites, stalactites, and flowstones.

Speleothems most commonly form in calcareous caves due to carbonate dissolution reactions. Their chemical composition, gradual growth, and preservation in caves make them useful paleoclimatic proxies.
Victor E. Neuburg
Victor Edward Neuburg (8 March 1924 – January 1996) was a scholar.

Neuburg was born in Steyning, Sussex, the son of Victor Benjamin Neuburg and his wife Kathleen Rose Goddard.

He was educated at the University of Leicester where he received the degree of Master of Education in 1967.

He was Lecturer (later Senior Lecturer) in the School of Librarianship North-Western Polytechnic/Polytechnic of North London. He was general editor of the Woburn Press series of reprints The Social History of Education.

In the year 1984/5 he was Samuel Foster Haven Fellow of the American Antiquarian Society. His Fellowship publication was 'Chapbooks in America', in Cathy N. Davidson, ed., Reading in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989)

Neuburg married Hannah 'Anne' Hilsum (1919–2000) in 1944. They had a daughter, Caroline Neuburg, in 1948, who in turn married Brian Robertson in 1973, with whom she had daughters Katherine and Alison.

University of North London
The University of North London (UNL) was a university in London, England, formed from the Polytechnic of North London (PNL) in 1992 when that institution was granted university status. PNL, in turn, had been formed by the amalgamation of the Northern Polytechnic and North-Western Polytechnic in 1971. In 1996, the university celebrated its centenary, dating from the year of the Northern Polytechnic's founding. UNL existed until 2002, when it merged with London Guildhall University to form London Metropolitan University. Its former premises now form the university's north campus, on Holloway Road and Highbury Grove, Islington.
Osella PA30
The Osella PA30 is a ground effect sports prototype race car, designed, developed and built by Italian manufacturer Osella, made specifically for timed hillcimb racing. It is powered by a naturally-aspirated 3.0 L (180 cu in) Zytek (Judd KV) ex-Formula 3000 V8 engine, producing in excess of 450 hp (340 kW).

Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger.
Jaye Robinson
Janet Joy "Jaye" Robinson (December 7, 1962 – May 16, 2024) was a Canadian politician who served as a member of the Toronto City Council from 2010 to 2024. She was the chair of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) from 2018 to 2022. Robinson represented Ward 15 Don Valley West. She died in office on May 16, 2024.

Toronto Transit Commission
The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the primary public transport agency in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operating the majority of the city's bus and rail services. It is the oldest and largest of the urban transit service providers in Canada, with numerous connections to systems serving its surrounding municipalities.

Established as the Toronto Transportation Commission in 1921, the TTC owns and operates five rapid transit lines with 109 stations, more than 150 bus routes, and nine streetcar lines. In 2025, the system had a total of 800,212,000 boardings. The TTC is the most heavily used urban transit system in Canada.
S. B. Miyanadeniya
Brigadier S. B. Miyanadeniya was a Sri Lankan military leader, he served as the Director Training, Sri Lanka Army.

Hailing from Kurunegala, Miyanadeniya joined the newly formed Ceylon Army and received his basic training at Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st Battalion, Ceylon Light Infantry. Promoted to lieutenant colonel, he was appointed commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, Gemunu Watch in July 1970 and lead the battalion through the 1971 JVP Insurrection, conducting counterinsurgency operations. In December 1971, he took over as commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, Sri Lanka Sinha Regiment and served till April 1974. He retired from the army having served as Director Training, on completing four years in the rank of Brigadier.

His daughter married Major General Gratian Silva's son.

Gemunu Watch
The Gemunu Watch (GW) ("King Dutugemunu's Own")  is a infantry regiment of the Sri Lanka Army, formed with troops from the Ceylon Light Infantry and the Ceylon Sinha Regiment in 1962. It has been deployed in many major operations against the LTTE. It is made up of 17 regular units, 1 RHQ unit and 9 volunteer units. Headquartered at Kuruwita Army Camp, Ratnapura. It is named after one of the most famous Lankan Kings, King Dutugemunu.
Christos Spyrou
Christos Spyrou (born November 14, 1976, in Athens, Greece) is a Greek weightlifter. He finished 13th in the 70 kg category at the 1996 Summer Olympics and 7th in the 85 kg category at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Spyrou also represented Greece at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships, and most recently at the 2005 European Weightlifting Championships.

His father Panagiotis Spyrou was also a weightlifter and competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics (75 kg event).

His son Panagiotis Spyrou is also a weightlifter and competes representing Greece at international competitions.

Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 85 kg
The men's 85 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on September 23.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.
Gear manufacturing
Gear manufacturing refers to the making of gears. Gears can be manufactured by a variety of processes, including casting, forging, extrusion, powder metallurgy, and blanking, shaping, grinding, and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining. As a general rule, however, machining is applied to achieve the final dimensions, shape and surface finish in the gear. The initial operations that produce a semifinishing part ready for gear machining as referred to as blanking operations; the starting product in gear machining is called a gear blank. The manufacturing process has evolved with the technology given in production starting with most gears being produced by hand to now being produced by multiple methods.

Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces.  The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die.  Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: cold forging (a type of cold working), warm forging, or hot forging (a type of hot working). For the latter two, the metal is heated, usually in a forge. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to hundreds of metric tons. Forging has been done by smiths for millennia; the traditional products were kitchenware, hardware, hand tools, edged weapons, cymbals, and jewellery.

Since the Industrial Revolution, forged parts are widely used in mechanisms and machines wherever a component requires high strength; such forgings usually require further processing (such as machining) to achieve a finished part. Today, forging is a major worldwide industry.
Dead Camel Mountains
The Dead Camel Mountains are a mountain range located in western Nevada in the United States.  They are rather unimposing, with a maximum elevation of 4,803 feet (1,464 m).  The Dead Camel mountains separate the Lahontan Reservoir from Fallon, Nevada.  There are several small caves on the eastern slope of the mountains, one of which contains many pictographs left by the inhabitants of the area at the time of Lake Lahontan.  This area also has some interesting tufa formations.

Fallon, Nevada
Fallon is a city in Churchill County in the U.S. state of Nevada. The population was 9,327 at time of the 2020 census. Fallon is the county seat of Churchill County and is located in the Lahontan Valley. Fallon is known for being home to Naval Air Station Fallon, located southeast of town.
Jansson's Temptation (film)
Jansson's Temptation (Swedish: Janssons frestelse) is a 1928 Swedish silent comedy film directed by Sigurd Wallén and starring Oscar Byström, Margita Alfvén and Edvin Adolphson. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Vilhelm Bryde. The film is based on a play of the same name by Wallén, which takes its title from the Swedish casserole dish Jansson's temptation.

Casserole
A casserole (French: diminutive of casse, from Provençal cassa, meaning 'saucepan') is a kind of large, deep pan or bowl used for cooking a variety of dishes in the oven; it is also a category of foods cooked in such a vessel. To distinguish the two uses, the pan can be called a "casserole dish" or "casserole pan", whereas the food is simply "a casserole". The same pan is often used both for cooking and for serving.