hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vegetable sandwich
Vegetable sandwich is a type of vegetarian sandwich consisting of a vegetable filling between bread. There are no set requirements other than the use of vegetables, and sandwiches may be toasted or untoasted. Vegetable sandwiches are served throughout the world and are a popular street food in India.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Sunil Rastogi
Sunil Rastogi (born 1979) is a serial rapist who was arrested on 15 January 2017, on charges of raping numerous minor girls. Sunil, had been targeting girls walking home from school for at least 13 years before his arrest in 2017. Rastogi, a tailor by profession, from Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, used to allure minors school girls, when they would return from school. He used to give a falsified reference identity of being victim's father friend and alluring the victim with clothes and snacks. He had reportedly assaulted hundreds of school girls  from 2004 onwards. Rastogi had superstitious beliefs of dressing in red and blue, before attempting the crime, and believed that he would not be caught by his beliefs. According to sources, Rastogi is married and, has five children. Rastogi, used to assault minor school girls, in pattern execution of crime. Rastogi used to catch the train Sampark Kranti Express only on odd dates and would reach Delhi in search of prey.

Rampur, Uttar Pradesh
Rampur (/ˈrɑːmpʊər/ pronunciationⓘ; ISO: Rāmapura; formerly Mustafabad) is a city and the administrative headquarters of Rampur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was formerly known for industries such as sugar refining and cotton milling. The Raza Library houses more than 12,000 rare manuscripts along with a notable collection of Mughal miniature paintings. Rampur is located about 322 kilometres north-west of the state capital Lucknow and approximately 180 kilometres from the national capital New Delhi.

In 2007, the Ministry of Minority Affairs identified Rampur district as one of the 14 'Minority Concentration Districts' in Uttar Pradesh, on the basis of the 2001 Census data relating to population, socio-economic indicators, and basic amenities. The city is also known for the Rampuri knife (chaaku), commonly known as the Rampuri.
Armand Joubert
Armand Joubert (born 21 July 1995) is a South African singer-songwriter and artist. Born and raised in Witbank, Mpumulanga, he started to sing at the age of five. Joubert participated in The Voice South Africa Season 2, where he was a four-chair turner and made it into the Top 32. Joubert released his debut studio album, You're Too Theatrical in August 2019. His second album Flamboyart is scheduled for release in October 2020.

The Voice South Africa
The Voice South Africa is a South African reality singing competition and local version of The Voice first broadcast as The Voice of Holland. Its first season started on 31 January 2016 and proved to be a hit on M-Net. The second season started on 5 February 2017 on the same channel. The third season premiered on 3 February 2019.

The original coaching panel of the show consists of Kahn Morbee, Lira, Bobby van Jaarsveld, and Karen Zoid. Lungile Radu and Stacy Norman were the original hosts. Season 3 saw a change in the coaching panel, replacing previous coaches and hosts. Lira is the only remaining coach being joined by Afrikaans singer Riana Nel, rapper Riky Rick and rocker Francois Van Coke. Anele Mdoda is the current host.
Gaspari
Gaspari is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annibale de Gasparis (1819–1892), Italian astronomer

Diana Gaspari (born 1984), Italian curler

Elio Gaspari (born 1944), Brazilian journalist and writer resident in São Paulo

Fabio de Gaspari (born 1966), Italian javelin thrower

Gaetano Gaspari (1807/8–1881), Italian composer, bibliographer, and historian of music

Gianfranco Gaspari, Italian bobsledder who competed from the late 1960s to the early 1970s

Giuseppe Gaspari (1932–2025), Italian football player

Maksim Gaspari (1883–1980), Slovene painter

Mitja Gaspari (born 1951), Slovenian economist, banker, and politician

Pietro Gaspari (1720–1785), Italian artist, known for veduta and cappricio in etchings and paintings

Remo Gaspari (1921–2011), Italian politician, who was several times minister of the Italian Republic

Rich Gaspari (born 1963), American professional bodybuilder from 1980s and early 1990s

Gianfranco Gaspari
Gianfranco Gaspari (born 5 August 1938) is an Italian bobsledder who competed from the late 1960s to the early 1970s. He won four medals at the FIBT World Championships with one gold (two-man: 1971), two silvers (two-man: 1966, four-man: 1969), and one bronze (two-man: 1969).

Gaspari finished 21 seconds behind fellow Italian bobsledder Eugenio Monti in the two-man event at the 1966 FIBT World Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

Competing in two Winter Olympics, his best finish was fourth in the two-man event at Sapporo in 1972.
Donald Buckram
Donald Ray Buckram Jr. (born February 9, 1988) is an American college football coach and former running back. He played college football for the UTEP Miners football team. In 2009, he led Conference USA in rushing with 1,594 yards and 18 touchdowns, including 262 yards in a win over the #14 ranked University of Houston Cougars. In December 2009, he was named a Fourth team All-American by Phil Steele.

In July 2011, he was released by the Cleveland Browns after failing a physical.

He now coaches running backs at Copperas Cove High School with head coach Jason Hammett.

Houston Cougars football
The Houston Cougars football program is an NCAA Division I FBS football team that represents the University of Houston. The team is commonly referred to as "Houston" or "U of H". The UH football program is a member of the Big 12 Conference. Since the 2014 season, the Cougars have played their home games on campus at TDECU Stadium, which was built on the site formerly occupied by Robertson Stadium, where they played home games from 1941 to 1950 and from 1994 to 2012. Over the history of the program, the Cougars have won 11 conference championships and have had several players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame, including a Heisman Trophy winner.
Pacbase
IBM VisualAge Pacbase is a code-switching structured programming language that is developed and maintained by IBM.  VisualAge Pacbase runs on both IBM and non-IBM mainframes and integrates with IBM WebSphere Studio Application Developer.  When compiling Pacbase code it is first translated into COBOL and then compiled to binary.

PACBASE was an early advanced computer-aided software engineering (CASE) software for mainframes and Unix systems from CGI (Compagnie Générale d'Informatique, a French software house) that supported a wide variety of databases, including DB2 and Oracle. PACBASE generated COBOL code for the servers, and Visual Age for PACBASE was used to create the client side. IBM purchased CGI in the early 1990s and absorbed the code-generating tools into its other offerings.

Pacbase is now considered a legacy system; its main remaining use is in Francophone markets. IBM supported Pacbase through 2015.

More details on the French page of VisualAge Pacbase.

IBM mainframe
IBM mainframes are large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952. During the 1960s and 1970s, IBM dominated the computer market with the 7000 series and the later System/360, followed by the System/370. Current mainframe computers in IBM's line of business computers are developments of the basic design of the System/360.
Nathanael Jones (Canadian writer)
Nathanael Jones is a Canadian poet from Montreal, Quebec. His debut poetry collection, Aqueous, was a shortlisted finalist for the Gerald Lampert Award in 2025.

An alumnus of NSCAD University and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, he previously published the chapbooks ATG (2016) and La Poésie Caraïbe (2018).

Aqueous was also longlisted for the Raymond Souster Award.

Raymond Souster Award
The Raymond Souster Award is a Canadian literary award, presented by the League of Canadian Poets to a book judged as the best work of poetry by a Canadian poet in the previous year.

The award was presented for the first time in 2013, and was named in honour of Canadian poet Raymond Souster.
Bora Vang
Bora Vang (王博, born April 9, 1987) is a  Chinese-born Turkish male national table tennis player. The 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) tall athlete at 82 kg (181 lb) competes for Adana Table Tennis Club, where he is coached by Sabahattin Sabrioğlu.

He won the gold medal in the mixed doubles event at the 2010 European Mixed Double Championships held in Subotica, Serbia together with his Turkish teammate Şirin He. In 2012, he and his Turkish teammate Melek Hu won the silver medal at the European Mixed Double Championships held in Buzau, Romania.

Vang qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics after the World Qualification Championship held in Doha, Qatar.

At the 2013 Mediterranean Games held in Mersin, Turkey, he won the silver medal in the singles event.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Salavan province
Salavan (also Saravane, Lao: ສາລະວັນ) is a province of Laos, located in the south of the country. Its earlier name was Saravan which was changed by the Thais to Salavan in 1828. It was part of the Champasak Kingdom in an area known as Muang Mang inhabited by minorities of Mon-Khmer groups.

Kingdom of Champasak
The Kingdom of Champasak (Lao: ຈຳປາສັກ [tɕàmpàːsák]) or Bassac, (1713–1904) was a Lao kingdom that emerged under King Nokasad, a grandson of King Sourigna Vongsa, the last king of Lan Xang. Bassac and the neighboring principalities of Attapeu and Stung Treng emerged as power centers as a mandala.

The kingdom was sited on the eastern or Left Bank of the Mekong, south of the Right Bank principality of Khong Chiam where the Mun River joins; and east of where the Mekong makes a sharp bend to the west to return abruptly and flow southeasterly down to what is now Cambodia.
Maine Media Workshops
The Maine Media Workshops (formerly the Maine Photographic Workshops) in Rockport, Maine is an international non-profit educational organization offering year-round workshops for photographers, filmmakers, and media artists. The workshops are organized through Maine Media College.

Alumni of the filmmaking workshops include Alejandro González Iñárritu, Laura Poitras, Rodrigo Prieto, Michelle MacLaren, and John Leguizamo.

Michelle MacLaren
Michelle Maxwell MacLaren is a Canadian television director and producer. She has directed episodes of The X-Files, Better Call Saul, Breaking Bad, The Walking Dead, Game of Thrones, and Westworld.

MacLaren won two back-to-back Primetime Emmy Awards for producing Breaking Bad in 2013 and 2014.
Armoured Battalion (Norway)
The Armoured Battalion (Norwegian: Panserbataljonen) is the first battalion and an infantry unit of the Norwegian Army. Although it is categorised as an armoured unit, the battalion (strictly a battlegroup) primarily serves in the mechanised infantry role. As with the Telemark Battalion, the unit also has a tank squadron equipped with the Leopard 2 main battle tank. The battalion is recognised as a cavalry unit for ceremonial purposes, so its conscripted soldiers are referred to as dragoons as opposed to privates, as is the case in most of the Norwegian Army.

The motto of the battalion is Bitit fyrst (Old Norse for "Strike First"), referring to the offensive role of the battalion.

Armoured cavalry
Armoured cavalry are military units using armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) instead of horses. They began to replace horse cavalry in the heavy shock and the light reconnaissance, skirmishing and exploitation/pursuit roles in most armies commencing after the First World War. In that succeeding capacity, the obsolete name "cavalry" was retained.

Armoured cavalry, or simply armoured units, may be primarily equipped with heavy tanks or lighter and faster light tanks, armoured cars, or even scout cars in the case of what is often known as cavalry scout.  Motorized or mechanized infantry may make up a portion of the unit in some countries, supported by either motorized or self-propelled artillery, with possibly airmobile troops on helicopters included.
Phil Sigsworth
Phil Sigsworth (born 31 January 1959), (also known by the nickname of Whats-a-packet-a) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer. He played primarily in the fullback position. Sigsworth attended Newtown Boys' Junior High School where he played Rugby Union for the school. His junior Rugby League playing days were with the Erskineville Juniors club and then the infamous Newtown Hawks from where he was graded into the district club, Newtown District Rugby League Football Club.

Sydney Cricket Ground
The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) is a sports stadium in the Moore Park suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is used for Test, One Day International and Twenty20 cricket, as well as, Australian rules football and occasionally for rugby league, rugby union and association football. It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team, the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League. It is owned and operated by Venues NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales who also hold responsibility for Stadium Australia and the Sydney Football Stadium.
Good Morning World (Canadian TV series)
Good Morning World is a 2007 satirical television show posing as a fictional morning show called "Good Morning World". It starred (and was also created by) Peter Oldring and Pat Kelly, as hosts Andy Peppers and Allister Coulter.

The show aired on Fridays at 8:30 pm ET/PT on The Comedy Network. Each TV episode served as a recap of the previous week of webisodes, available to view at the comedy network.

In an interview with newteevee.com, co-creator and star Peter Oldring stated that the show was entirely improvised.

Webisode
A webisode (portmanteau of "web" and "episode") is an episode of a web series. It is a single installment of a web series program. The length of a webisode is short and ranges from 3–15 minutes.

A webisode is distributed through the public Internet, on personal websites and video-sharing websites such as Vimeo or YouTube. It is available for either streaming or download. The format can be used as part of a collection of shorts, an advertisement, preview, promotion, or raw metadata.
Mulard
The mulard (or moulard) is a hybrid between two different genera of domestic duck: the domestic Muscovy duck (derived from  the Muscovy duck Cairina moschata) and the domestic duck (derived from the mallard Anas platyrhynchos). American Pekins and other domestic ducks are most commonly used to breed mulards due to the breed's high meat production. Like many interspecific F1 hybrids, mulards are sterile, giving them the nickname mule ducks. While it is possible to produce mulards naturally, artificial insemination is used more often with greater success.

The term mulard or moulard is generally reserved for offspring where the parental drake is a Muscovy and the duck is a Pekin. When the drake is a Pekin, the offspring tend to be smaller and are called hinnies.

Muscovy duck
The Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) is a shelduck native to the Americas, from the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico south to Argentina and Uruguay. The species has been domesticated, and feral Muscovy ducks can be found locally in New Zealand, Australia, the United States, and in Central and Eastern Europe.
USS LSM-149
USS LSM-149 was a LSM-1-class landing ship medium built for the U.S. Navy in World War II. Like most ships of her class, she was not named and known only by her designation.

LSM-149 was laid down at the Charleston Navy Yard on 4 May 1944, and was launched 27 May 1944. She was commissioned along with sister ship USS LSM-148 on 8 July 1944 by Rear Admiral Jules James.

Assigned to the Pacific Theatre, LSM-149 was damaged and breached while attempting to recover a barge in heavy surf off Sansapor, New Guinea on 30–31 July 1944.  LSM-149 was grounded off the Philippines on 5 December 1944. (According to the United States Navy this happened on 14 December 1944, but her fate has also been reported as on 5 December 1944.) She was declared a total loss, and decommissioned on 15 April 1945.

Charleston Naval Shipyard
Charleston Naval Shipyard (formerly known as the Charleston Navy Yard) was a U.S. Navy ship building and repair facility located along the west bank of the Cooper River, in North Charleston, South Carolina and part of Naval Base Charleston.
Acrobasis evanescentella
Acrobasis evanescentella is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr., in 1908, and is known from southern Georgia and Florida.

There is probably only one generation per year with adults on wing in late May.

The larvae feed on Carya species, including Carya illinoensis. They tunnel into the shoots of their host plant.

Hickory
Hickory is a common name for trees composing the genus Carya, which includes 19 species accepted by Plants of the World Online.

Seven species are native to southeast Asia in China, Indochina, and northeastern India (Assam), and twelve are native to North America. A number of hickory species are used for their edible nuts or for their wood.
Murong Nong
Murong Nong (Chinese: 慕容農; died 398), courtesy name Daohou (道厚), childhood nickname Enu (惡奴), posthumous name Prince Huanlie of Liaoxi (遼西桓烈王), was a general and imperial prince of China's Xianbei-led Later Yan dynasty. He was a son of the founding emperor Murong Chui (Emperor Wucheng) and a brother of Murong Bao (Emperor Huimin). Throughout most of the state's history, he was admired by the people and officials alike for his military and governance abilities, but his inexplicable failures in 398 contributed to the downfall of the Later Yan dynasty.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Ago Markvardt
Ago Markvardt (born 11 August 1969 in Elva) is a retired Estonian nordic combined skier who competed from 1989 to 1998. At the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, he finished fifth in the 15 km individual and fourth in the 3 x 10 km team events.

Markvardt finished fourth in the 15 km individual event at the 1997 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Trondheim. His best World Cup finish was eighth twice in the 15 km individual event (1994, 1997).

A three-time Olympian Markvardt's only career victory was in a World Cup B 15 km individual event in Germany in 1996.

He is well-respected guest commentator of Nordic combined sports events on Estonian Television.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1997
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1997 took place from February 21 to March 2 at Granåsen Ski Centre in Trondheim, Norway. This event was the first time in consecutive championships that the number or type of events did not change since 1966 and 1970. It also was historical with Russia's Yelena Välbe winning gold in all five women's cross country events, the first person of either sex to do that honor. Norway's Bjørn Dæhlie became the first man to win five medals in five cross country events.
Sherron Mills
Sherron Mills (July 29, 1971 – January 17, 2016) was an American basketball player from Salisbury, Maryland. A 6'9" forward, he played for Snow Hill High School, leading the team to the 1989 Maryland 1-A Boys Basketball State Championship.

He played college ball for Virginia Commonwealth University. He was drafted 29th overall in the 1993 NBA draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves. He did not make an NBA roster, but played professionally in Europe.

Playing in the Italian Serie A for Cx Orologi Siena during the 1995–96, he topped the league in rebounding.

Mills died at a hospital in Baltimore, Maryland from complications of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on January 17, 2016, at the age of 44.

Mens Sana Basketball Siena
Mens Sana Basketball Siena, also known simply as Mens Sana, is an Italian professional basketball club based in Siena. It is a section of the sports club Polisportiva Mens Sana, founded in 1871. Under the name Montepaschi Siena, derived from sponsor Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, the club was a dominant presence in the Italian Serie A, winning five titles in a row from 2006–07 to 2010–11, besides two more titles later revoked by the Italian Federation, whilst also challenging for titles in Europe.  After financial problems caused the club to go bankrupt in 2014, it moved down to the fourth division. In the 2015–16 season it played in the second division.
Christoph Junghans
Christoph Junghans is a German-born American computational physicist and academic, working in multiscale modeling and computational co-design.
He is currently the group leader of the applied computer science group at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Multiscale modeling
Multiscale modeling  or multiscale mathematics is the field of solving problems that have important features at multiple scales of time and/or space. Important problems include multiscale modeling of fluids, solids, polymers, proteins, nucleic acids as well as various physical and chemical phenomena (like adsorption, chemical reactions, diffusion).

An example of such problems involve the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow.

In a wide variety of applications, the stress tensor  is given as a linear function of the gradient . Such a choice for  has been proven to be sufficient for describing the dynamics of a broad range of fluids. However, its use for more complex fluids such as polymers is dubious. In such a case, it may be necessary to use multiscale modeling to accurately model the system such that the stress tensor can be extracted without requiring the computational cost of a full microscale simulation.