hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Derby child sex abuse ring
The Derby child sex abuse ring was a group of men who sexually abused up to a hundred girls in Derby, England. In 2010, after an undercover investigation by Derbyshire police, members of the ring were charged with 75 offences relating to 26 girls. Nine of the 13 accused were convicted of grooming and raping girls between 12 and 18 years old. The attacks provoked fierce discussion about race and sexual exploitation.

Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts, or rape, in real time on webcam.

Molestation refers to an instance of sexual assault, especially when perpetrated against a child. The perpetrator is called (often pejoratively) a molester. The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to sexually stimulate any of the involved. The use of a child for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse and, for pubescent or post-pubescent individuals younger than the age of consent, statutory rape.

Sexual abuse can be perpetrated against other vulnerable populations like the elderly, a form of elder abuse, or those with developmental disabilities.
Danielle Roy Marinelli
Danielle Roy Marinelli was the first mayor of Lévis, Quebec, elected in 2005 and reelected in 2009. She was also the last mayor of Saint-Jean-Chrysostome, Lévis, Quebec, serving from 1999 to 2001.

A native of Montmagny, Quebec, she was educated at the CEGEP at La Pocatière in nursing technology and became a nurse specializing in gerontology. She was working as a financial security consultant before entering politics. In 1991, she was elected to the municipal council for Saint-Jean-Chrysostome. She was president of the Société de transport de Lévis from 1999 to 2005. In 2000, she was vice-president of the Centre communautaire juridique de Québec.

Her grandfather Louis-O. Roy served as mayor of Montmagny and her cousin Claude Roy represented Montmagny-L'Islet in the Quebec assembly. She is married to Flavio Marinelli.

Société de transport de Lévis
The Société de transport de Lévis (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete də tʁɑ̃spɔʁ də levi]) also known as STLevis (Lévis Transit Corporation) is a public transportation agency created in 1980, operating mainly in Lévis on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, being the counterpart of the Réseau de transport de la Capitale (RTC) on the north side. STLevis offers connections between Lévis and Quebec City; RTC buses currently do not have any services to the south shore.
Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf
Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf (Arabic: أحمد بن أبي الضياف) (1804, Tunis – 1874), known colloquially as Bin Diyaf, was the author of a chronicle of Tunisian history. He was also a long-time and trusted official in the Beylical government of Tunisia. His multi-volume history, while it begins with the 7th-century arrival of the Arabs, devotes the most attention to details of the Husainid dynasty (1705–1957), during the 18th and 19th centuries. His writing is informed by his experience as chancellery secretary during the reigns of five Beys in succession. Bin Diyaf himself eventually favored the reform view, which was current then in Tunisian politics. His letter in reply to questions about Tunisian women has also attracted the interest of scholars of history.

Husainid dynasty
The Husainid dynasty or Husaynid dynasty (Arabic: الحسينيون) was a ruling Turkish dynasty of the Beylik of Tunis (present-day Tunisia). The dynasty was of Greek origin from the island of Crete. It came to power under al-Husayn I ibn Ali in 1705, succeeding the Muradid dynasty. The Husainids ruled Tunisia until 1957 before the establishment of the Republic.

The Husainids originally ruled under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman sultans officially regarded them as beylerbeyis (provincial governors) and recognized their rights to hereditary succession. Their succession to the throne was in theory determined by male primogeniture, but this was not always followed and, especially in later periods, the throne was often granted to an older male family member along the collateral branches of the family. The heir apparent to the Bey held the title Bey al-Mahalla and led the mahalla, a biannual tax collection expedition around the country.
The Ailerons
The Ailerons were an English indie rock band featuring Charity Hair, Daniel Beattie, Dave Rowntree, Grog Prebble and Mike Smith.

In 2006, they were brought into public view due to their song, "Dig a Hole" being featured as iTunes' free single of the week. The song was from the band's only EP, Left Right, released exclusively available through iTunes. Charity Hair was later a member of the alternative country band Red Sky July with husband and wife duo Ally McErlaine and Shelly Poole.

Alternative country
Alternative country (commonly abbreviated to alt-country; insurgent country, Americana, or y'allternative) is a loosely defined subgenre of country music that includes acts that differ significantly in style from mainstream country music, mainstream country rock, and country pop. Most frequently, the term has been used to describe certain country music bands and artists that are also defined as or have incorporated influences from genres such as alternative rock, indie rock, punk rock, heartland rock, Southern rock, progressive country, outlaw country, neotraditional country, Texas country, Red Dirt, roots rock, indie folk, folk rock, rockabilly, bluegrass, and honky tonk.
Swartruggens (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Swartruggens was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1929 to 1948. It covered a rural area in the western Transvaal, centred on the town of Swartruggens. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal Provincial Council
The Transvaal Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Transvaal Province in South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910, and replaced the Transvaal Legislative Assembly which had been created through self-government in 1907. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The Provincial Council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
Shahzad Elahi
Shahzad Elahi (Urdu: شہزاد الہی; born 1 September 1965) is a Pakistani politician from the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) political party who served as a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab (MPA) from 2002 to 2007 and is an elected member the second time, since 2008 on a non-Muslim minority seat. During his tenure in the provincial assembly, he has functioned as the chairman of the Standing Committee on Housing, Urban Development and Public Health Engineering and is a member of the Finance Committee of the assembly.

A Christian by faith, Elahi resides in Lahore and holds a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology. In January 2012, Elahi said during an assembly speech that Punjab was becoming a "living hell" for minorities, pointing out recent incidents of Christian churches being demolished in the province.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Chungmusa (Gogeumdo)
Chungmusa is a shrine located in Gogeum-myeon, Wando County, South Jeolla Province, South Korea, built to remember the spirit of Admiral Yi Sun-sin.  
Chungmusa on Gogeum continues to hold a memorial service every year on April 28, the admiral’s birthday, and mark his patriotic fall on November 19.

Chen Lin (Ming dynasty)
Chen Lin (simplified Chinese: 陈璘; traditional Chinese: 陳璘; Korean: 진린 Jin Lin; 1543–1607), courtesy name Chaojue (朝爵), born in Shaoguan, Guangdong, was a Chinese general and navy admiral of the Ming dynasty.

Chen quelled local uprisings in Guangdong and Guizhou. As commander in chief in the Battle of Noryang, he also led the Ming navy to win the Imjin War alongside Joseon Korea and defeat the Japanese army led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He then became the founder of the Gwangdong Jin clan, one of the Korean Jin clans when he immigrated to Korea after the war due to his respect for Yi Sun-shin.

Chen Lin is considered a hero in both Korea and China for helping win the Imjin War with Korea and defeating the Japanese army alongside Korean forces. Today, his descendants are spread across South China and Korea.
Kalyan, Nepal
Kalyan, Nepal  is a village development committee in Surkhet District in the Bheri Zone of mid-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4340 people living in 713 individual households.

Surkhet District
Surkhet District (Nepali: सुर्खेत जिल्ला, Listenⓘ) is a district in Karnali Province of mid-western and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. Surkhet is one of the ten districts of Karnali located about 600 kilometres (373 mi) west of the national capital Kathmandu. The district's area is 2,489 square kilometres (961 sq mi). It had 288,527 population in 2001 and 350,804 in 2011 which male comprised 169,461 and female 181,381. Its district headquarters, Birendranagar, is the capital of Karnali Province. It serves as a business hub and document center for Karnali province. According to population, development, road links, landforms, climate, many peoples are migrating here.
Château de Brax
The Château de Brax is a castle in the commune of Brax in the Haute-Garonne département of France. Originally constructed in the 13th century, there were alterations and additions in the 16th and 18th centuries.

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Shao Piaoping
Shao Piaoping (Chinese: 邵飄萍; pinyin: Shào Piāopíng) (11 October 1884 – 1926) was a journalist, author, and political activist in China during the early 20th century. He was originally named Jingqing (鏡清), and later renamed himself Zhenqing (振青).

Born in Jinhua (金華) in the province of Zhejiang (浙江), China, Shao spent most of his life pursuing his aspirations for journalism. "To die as a journalist" was his lifetime motto. Shao contributed to the development of journalism in China through efforts such as founding the influential newspaper Jing Bao (京報). He also mixed politics with his journalistic career by engaging in criticism against the government, which placed him in jail several times and eventually led to his death.

Jinhua
Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province in eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast. Its population was 7,050,683 as of the 2020 census including 1,463,990 in the built-up (or metro) area made of two urban districts (not including yet the satellite city of Lanxi, which has become essentially a suburban offshoot of Jinhua's main urban area).

Jinhua is rich in red soil and forest resources. The Jinhua or Wu River flows through the Lan and Fuchun to the Qiantang River beside Hangzhou, which flows into Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. In medieval China, it formed part of the water network feeding supplies to the southern end of the Grand Canal. It is best known for its dry-cured Jinhua ham.
Susi Pudjiastuti
Susi Pudjiastuti (born 15 January 1965) is an Indonesian entrepreneur who served as the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia under President Joko Widodo's 2014–2019 Working Cabinet. She is also the owner of PT ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product, a seafood export company, and PT ASI Pudjiastuti Aviation, which operates Susi Air charter airline.

Pangandaran
Pangandaran is a town and district of Pangandaran Regency within the province of West Java, Indonesia. It is located on the southern coast of the island of Java. A well-known surfing beach has made Pangandaran a popular tourist destination.
History of Bratislava
Bratislava (Hungarian: Pozsony, German: Preßburg/Pressburg), currently the capital of Slovakia and the country's largest city, has existed for about a thousand years. Because of the city's strategic geographical location, it was an important European hub due to its proximity to the advanced cultures of the Mediterranean and the Orient as well as its link to the rest of Europe, which were possible by the Danube River.

Orient
The Orient is a term referring to the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of the term Occident, which refers to the Western world.

In English, it is largely a metonym for, and coterminous with, the continent of Asia – loosely classified into Southwest Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and sometimes including the Caucasus. Originally, the term Orient was used to designate only the Near East, but later its meaning evolved and expanded, designating also Central Asia, Southwest Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, or the Far East.

The term oriental is a dated term which was often used to describe objects and people coming from the Orient/eastern Asia.
Old London Road
Old London Road is a cricket ground in Copdock, Suffolk.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1847, when the Gentlemen of Suffolk played the Gentlemen of Norfolk.  The ground hosted its first Minor Counties Championship match in 1992 when Suffolk played Norfolk.  From 1992 to 2006, the ground hosted 5 Minor Counties Championship matches and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches, the last of which saw Suffolk play Norfolk.

The ground has also hosted a single List-A match between Suffolk and Denmark in the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2001.

In local domestic cricket, the ground is the home of Copdock & Old Ipswichian Cricket Club that plays in the East Anglian Premier Cricket League as of 2012.

2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2002 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 29 August 2001 and 31 August 2002.  It was the second Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, following its change of name from the NatWest Trophy.  The tournament was won by Yorkshire who defeated Somerset by 6 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Flip Geel
Philippus Johannes Geel (7 February 1914 – 12 June 1971) was a South African international rugby union player.

A forward from Boshof, Geel captained Northern Transvaal to the 1946 Currie Cup title and later moved to Orange Free State, from where he received his Springboks call up at the late age of 35. His opportunity came in their home series against the 1949 All Blacks and he had been considered as one of the candidates to captain the side. He however didn't feature until the third of the four Test matches at Kingsmead, playing as a lock forward for his only Springboks cap.

Geel died of heart failure in 1971.

1946 Currie Cup
The 1946 Currie Cup was the 21st edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.

The tournament was won by Northern Transvaal for the first time; they beat Western Province 11–9 in the final in Pretoria.
Nuova Era (record label)
Nuova Era was an Italian classical record label founded by Marco Rho in 1985.

It is primarily known for recordings of live performances from Italian opera houses and broadcast performances from the RAI archives. Originally based in Asti, Piemonte, Italy the label was acquired by Membran Entertainment Group GmbH. in Hamburg.

Opera house
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera. Like many theaters, it usually includes a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, backstage facilities for costumes and building sets, as well as offices for the institution's administration.

While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed, the term opera house is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing arts center.
Athletics at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's shot put
The women's shot put competition of the athletics events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 22 at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Misleydis González of Cuba.

York Lions Stadium
43°46′30″N 79°30′25″W﻿ / ﻿43.775°N 79.507°W﻿ / 43.775; -79.507

York Lions Stadium is an outdoor sports stadium on the Keele Campus of Toronto's York University in the former city of North York. It is home to the York Lions, the varsity teams of York University, the Toronto Arrows of Major League Rugby and Inter Toronto of the Canadian Premier League. The facility was primarily built for the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games, where it hosted track and field events and the opening ceremony. In 2021, the stadium's running track was removed to expand the playing surface used for football and soccer.
The Baka Boyz
The Baka Boyz, brothers Nick and Eric Vidal, are American radio personalities, music producers and remixers, originally from Bakersfield, California.  Baka is short for Bakersfield, a Central California city 100 miles (160 km) north of Los Angeles.

The duo host a weekday syndicated morning radio show based at classic hip-hop stations KDAY and KDEY-FM 93.5 FM in the Los Angeles market.  They first achieved fame on long-time hip-hop-rhythmic contemporary radio station KPWR Power 106 FM in Los Angeles.

Radio personality
A radio personality is a person who has an on-air position in radio broadcasting. A radio personality who hosts a radio show is also known as a radio host (North American English), radio presenter (British English) or radio jockey. Radio personalities who introduce and play individual selections of recorded music are known as disc jockeys or "DJs" for short. Broadcast radio personalities may include talk radio hosts, AM/FM radio show hosts, and satellite radio program hosts, and non-host contributors to radio programs, such as reporter
Neuri
The Neuri (Ancient Greek: Νευροί, romanized: Neuroí; Latin: Neuri, also known as Neurians) were an ancient  people whose existence was recorded by ancient Graeco-Roman authors.

They were first mentioned by Herodotus (5th century BC), who left the most detailed description of them in his “History”.

The Cambridge Ancient History
The Cambridge Ancient History is a multi-volume work of ancient history from prehistory to late antiquity, published by Cambridge University Press. The first series, consisting of 12 volumes, was planned in 1919 by Irish historian J. B. Bury and published between 1924 and 1939, co-edited by Frank Adcock and Stanley Arthur Cook. The second series was published between 1970 and 2005, consisting of 14 volumes in 19 books.

The Cambridge Ancient History is part of a larger series of works, along with The Cambridge Medieval History and The Cambridge Modern History, intended to cover the entire history of European civilisation.  In the original edition, it was the last in this series to appear, the first volume of the Modern History having been published in 1902, and the first volume of the Medieval History in 1911. In the second series, however, the Ancient History began to be published before the Medieval History.
Gamze Nur Yaman
Gamze Nur Yaman (born 25 April 1999) is a Turkish women's footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Trabzon. She was a member of the Turkey women's national under-19 team before she was admitted to the Turkey women's national team.

2018 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification
The 2018 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualifying competition was a women's under-19 football competition that determined the seven teams joining the automatically qualified hosts Switzerland in the 2018 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship final tournament.

Apart from Switzerland, 48 of the remaining 54 UEFA member national teams entered the qualifying competition (including Kosovo who entered a competitive women's national team tournament for the first time). Players born on or after 1 January 1999 are eligible to participate.
Internet censorship and surveillance in the Americas
This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in the Americas provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in the Americas.

Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the Freedom on the Net reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are annual publications on the human rights conditions in countries and regions outside the United States, mandated by U.S. law to be submitted annually by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the United States Department of State to the United States Congress. The reports cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Digital Network Intelligence
Digital Network Intelligence or DNI is a term used in the United States Intelligence Community that refers to "intelligence from intercepted digital data communications transmitted between, or resident on, networked computers."

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.