hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Courtyard Speech
The Courtyard Speech (Swedish: Borggårdstalet) was a speech written by conservative explorer Sven Hedin and Swedish Army lieutenant Carl Bennedich, delivered by King Gustaf V of Sweden to the participants of the Peasant armament support march (Swedish: Bondetåget) at the courtyard of the Royal Palace in Stockholm.

The speech sparked the Courtyard Crisis in Swedish government in February 1914.

Arvid Lindman
Salomon Arvid Achates Lindman (19 September 1862 – 9 December 1936), also known as the Admiral (Swedish: Amiralen), was a Swedish conservative statesman, military officer, and industrialist who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1906 to 1911 and again from 1928 to 1930. He was leader of the General Electoral League from 1912 and represented Stockholm in the Riksdag from 1905 until his retirement in 1935.  Regarded as one of the fathers of modern Sweden, he led the passage of universal male suffrage and electoral reform.

He was also leader of the Lantmanna and bourgeois Party (Swedish: Lantmanna- och borgarepartiet; a member party of the General Electoral League) from 1913 to 1935, except for a brief period in 1917 when he served as Minister for Foreign Affairs.
Lanfro
Lanfro is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Until it was included into the Silte Zone, Lanfro formed part of the Gurage Zone. Lanfro is bordered on the south by the Alaba special woreda, on the southwest by Sankurra, on the west by Dalocha, on the north by Silte, and on the east by the Oromia Region. The major town in Lanfro is Torra.

Gurage Zone
Gurage is a zone in the Central Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. The region is home to the Gurage people. Gurage is bordered on the southeast by Hadiya and Yem Zone, on the northwest by Kebena Special Woreda, north and east by the Oromia Region, and on the southeast by Siltʼe. Its highest point is Mount Gurage. Wolkite is the largest city and administrative centre of the zone.
Brockscheid
Brockscheid is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county.
Ratyshchi
Ratyshchi (Ukrainian: Ра́тищі; Polish: Ratyszcze) is a village (selo) in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast (province in western Ukraine). It belongs to Zaliztsi settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Local government – Ratyshchivska village council. Unto her is subordinated to the village Pishchane. The village is situated on the banks of the Seret River which is the left tributary of the Dniester.

Village Ratyshchi distant from the administrative center of Ternopil 45 kilometres (28 mi), from Zboriv — 32 kilometres (20 mi), and from Lviv — 102 kilometres (63 mi).

The first written record dates from the 12th century.

Until 18 July 2020, Ratyshchi belonged to Zboriv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Zboriv Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

Dniester
The Dniester (/ˈniːstər/ NEE-stər) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.
Marking Time
Marking Time was an Australian television mini-series, consisting of four one-hour episodes. It first aired on 9 and 10 November 2003 on ABC-TV. Directed by Cherie Nowlan and written by John Doyle, it was the first mainstream television/film project to address the issue of the Government of Australia' refugee policy, a topic it approaches by chronicling the emotional journey of one young man during his year off after graduation, in his fictional rural home-town of Brackley, Australia.

The storyline of Marking Time was inspired by the real-life experiences of Afghan refugees and their hosts in the rural town of Young; however much of the outdoor scenes of the series were actually shot at Singleton.

Singleton, New South Wales
Singleton is a town on the banks of the Hunter River in New South Wales, Australia. Singleton is 202km (126 mi) north-north-west of Sydney, and 70 km (43 mi) north-west of Newcastle. As of 2023, Singleton had an estimated urban population of 17,503.

Singleton's main urban area includes the town centre, Singleton Heights, Dunolly, Darlington, The Retreat, Wattle Ponds and Hunterview. Surrounding rural villages include Broke, Camberwell, Jerrys Plains, Goorangoola/Greenlands, Belford and Lower Belford.

Singleton is located on the north-eastern part of the geological structure known as the Sydney basin, which borders the New England region.

Singleton is now home to a $100 million dollar lottery winner, the highest in the town’s history.
Nafiu
Nafiu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abdul Nafiu Idrissu (born 1991), Ghanaian footballer

Awudu Nafiu (born 1988), Ghanaian footballer

Nafiu Osagie (1933–2019), Nigerian athlete

Valmir Nafiu (born 1994), Macedonian footballer of Albanian descent

Nafiu Osagie
Nafiu Belo Osagie (1 April 1933 – 18 February 2019) was a Nigerian athlete. He competed in the men's high jump at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Osagie finished third behind Ron Pavitt in the high jump event at the British 1952 AAA Championships.
Me, Gangster
Me, Gangster is a 1928 American synchronized sound gangster film directed by Raoul Walsh. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using the sound-on-film movietone process. The film stars June Collyer, Don Terry, Anders Randolf and a young Carole Lombard.

Raoul Walsh
Raoul Walsh (born Albert Edward Walsh; March 11, 1887 – December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), and the brother of silent cinema actor George Walsh. He portrayed John Wilkes Booth in the silent film The Birth of a Nation (1915) and directed the widescreen epic The Big Trail (1930) starring John Wayne in his first leading role, The Roaring Twenties starring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart, High Sierra (1941) starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and White Heat (1949) starring James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien. He directed his last film in 1964. His work has been noted as influences on directors such as Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Martin Scorsese.
Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine
Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine (TPz or TPyzPz), also known as azaphthalocyanine (AzaPc), is a planar, aromatic, macrocyclic, organic compound that is viewed as an aza-analogue of phthalocyanine (Pc). It was first discovered and reported in 1937 by R. P. Linstead, the scientist who was able to configure the structures of porphyrazines and phthalocyanines as well. The structure of TPz is similar to that of Pc with eight nitrogen atoms substituting the carbons at the α-positions.

Dopant
A dopant (also called a doping agent) is a small amount of a substance added to a material to alter its physical properties, such as electrical or optical properties. The amount of dopant is typically very low compared to the material being doped.

When doped into crystalline substances, the dopant's atoms get incorporated into the crystal lattice of the substance. The crystalline materials are frequently either crystals of a semiconductor such as silicon and germanium for use in solid-state electronics, or transparent crystals for use in the production of various laser types; however, in some cases of the latter, noncrystalline substances such as glass can also be doped with impurities.

In solid-state electronics using the proper types and amounts of dopants in semiconductors is what produces the p-type semiconductors and n-type semiconductors that are essential for making transistors and diodes.
Grease duct
A grease duct is a duct that vents grease-laden flammable vapors from commercial cooking equipment such as stoves, deep fryers, and woks to the outside of a building or mobile food preparation trailer. Grease ducts are part of the building's passive fire protection system. The cleaning schedule is typically dictated by fire code or related safety regulations.

Deep fryer
A deep fryer (also known as a deep fat fryer, sometimes spelled frier, or referred to as a fryolator, or to its French name friteuse) is a kitchen appliance used to cook foods by full immersion in hot oil—deep frying. The cooking oil (or fats) are typically between temperatures of 175 to 190 °C (350 to 375 °F).

Long common in commercial kitchens, household models now available have become increasingly prevalent.

Deep frying has become well known in the United States, from frying sticks of butter to Twinkies, but the method can be traced back to Roman times.
Oxegen 2006
Oxegen 2006 was the third Oxegen festival to take place, following the dissolution of its predecessor Witnness in 2004. It took place on the weekend of Saturday, 8 July and Sunday, 9 July at Punchestown Racecourse near Naas in County Kildare, Ireland. The festival was headlined by Red Hot Chili Peppers on the Sunday and The Who on the Saturday.

Boy Kill Boy
Boy Kill Boy is an English rock band originally based in Leytonstone, East London. The band produced two studio albums and six singles before splitting in 2008. Their highest-charting single was "Suzie", which reached #17 in the UK singles chart in 2006. The band has announced a new show at Scala (club) in London on 29th October 2026 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of their debut album Civilian .
Eisenlohr
Eisenlohr is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Eisenlohr (1832–1902), German Egyptologist

Friedrich Eisenlohr (1805–1854), German architect and university professor

Ulrich Eisenlohr (born 1950), German classical pianist

August Eisenlohr
August Adolf Eisenlohr (6 October 1832, Mannheim – 24 February 1902, Heidelberg) was a German Egyptologist.

He studied theology and sciences at the universities of Heidelberg and Göttingen, and spent several years involved in the chemical manufacturing business. In 1862 he introduced a process for producing aniline blue. In 1865 he resumed his education, taking classes in Egyptian language studies. In 1869 he received his habilitation for Egyptology at Heidelberg and in 1869/70 conducted research in Egypt. In 1885 he became an honorary professor at the University of Heidelberg, where he taught classes in Egyptian archaeology and Semitic languages.

In 1877 he was the first to publish an edition of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, considered to be the most important mathematical text discovered in Egypt.
Cerro Tujle
Cerro Tujle (also known as Cerro Tucle or Cerro Tugle) is a mafic volcanic centre in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, Chile. It forms a 60-metre-deep (200 ft) maar that may have formed half a million years ago. Its eruption products are aphyric. Previously in 1977, this crater has been identified as a meteor crater with diameters of 300 by 350 metres (980 ft × 1,150 ft).

The crater lies between the Salar de Atacama and the Western Cordillera at an elevation of 3,554 metres (11,660 ft) on the Cordón de Tujle ridge, 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Peine. The crater is 333 metres (1,093 ft) wide, elliptical and surrounded by volcanic deposits. The crater appears to have formed, after an initial lava flow eruption turned phreatomagmatic. It is embedded in the Tucúcaro Ignimbrite, which overlies an Ordovician basement and Paleozoic-Mesozoic volcanic and Neozoic mixed sediments. There are other volcanic systems in the vicinity, forming an extended area of monogenetic volcanoes.

Phreatomagmatic eruption
Phreatomagmatic eruptions are volcanic eruptions resulting from interaction between magma and water. They differ from exclusively magmatic eruptions and phreatic eruptions. Unlike phreatic eruptions, the products of phreatomagmatic eruptions contain juvenile (magmatic) clasts. It is common for a large explosive eruption to have magmatic and phreatomagmatic components.
2006 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship
The 2006 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship  was the 2006 installment of the annual Ulster Senior Club Football Championship ran by the Ulster GAA. St. Gall's of Antrim were the defending champions, but they were knocked out of their own county championship by Cargin, who went on to win Antrim. The winners, Crossmaglen Rangers, were awarded the Séamus McFerran Cup after beating Ballinderry Shamrocks in the final and went on to represent Ulster in the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

Antrim GAA
The Antrim County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Aontroma) or Antrim GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The county board is also responsible for the Antrim county teams.

The county hurling team contested All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) finals on two occasions: 1943 and 1989. The county football team contested All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) finals on two occasions: 1911 and 1912.

As of 2025, there were 51 clubs affiliated to Antrim GAA.
Bryn Mawr station (SEPTA Metro)
Bryn Mawr station is a SEPTA Metro rapid transit station in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. It serves the M and is located at Glenbrook Avenue and County Line Road, although SEPTA gives the location as being at Bryn Mawr Avenue and Brook Street. All trains stop at Bryn Mawr South. The station lies near Bryn Mawr Hospital. The station lies 5.4 track miles (8.7 km) from 69th Street Transit Center. The station has off-street parking available.

SEPTA Metro
SEPTA Metro is an urban rail transit network in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The network includes two rapid transit lines, a light rail system with five branches, a streetcar line, a light rail line with two services, and an interurban/light metro line, totaling 78 miles (126 km) of rail service.

Although some of Philadelphia's transit lines date to the 19th century and the SEPTA agency began operations in 1965, the transit network itself had no formal name until 2024, when it was named "SEPTA Metro" as part of an effort to make the system easier to navigate. The effort replaced each line's name with a single letter, plus a number to denote various service patterns.
Porchcrawler
A porchcrawler, also known as a porchclimb, is a mixed drink made primarily of beer, a liquor, and a sweetening agent (for instance, lemonade concentrate). The most common liquors for the drink are vodka, gin, rum or whiskey. The final product is generally a highly-alcoholic, carbonated punch with a fruity taste and a light pink or yellow color. It is typically served from a large cooler of ice and is especially popular with North American college students.

Lemonade
Lemonade is a sweetened lemon-flavored drink.

There are many varieties of lemonade found throughout the world.

Historically and in many parts of the world, lemonade refers to an un-carbonated beverage, traditionally homemade, using lemon juice, water, and a sweetener such as cane sugar, simple syrup, maple syrup or honey. In other parts of the world, it is most commonly a reference to a carbonated lemon-flavoured soft drink or soda. Despite the differences between the drinks, each is known simply as "lemonade" in countries where it is dominant.

The suffix "-ade" may also be applied to other similar drinks made with different fruits, such as limeade, orangeade, or cherryade.
Glebov
Glebov (Russian: Глебов) or Glebova (Russian: Глебова; feminine) is a Russian surname, derived from the given name Gleb. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrey Glebov (1770–1854), Imperial Russian colonel

Ilja Glebov (born 1987), Estonian pair skater

Jelena Glebova (born 1989), Estonian figure skater

Natalie Glebova (born 1981), Russian-born Canadian who won Miss Universe 2005 from Canada

Natalya Glebova (born 1963), Russian speed skater

Nikolai Glebov-Avilov (1887–1937), Russian Bolshevik

Pyotr Glebov (1915–2000), Soviet actor

Vladimir Glebov (born 1957), Russian military officer

Pyotr Glebov
Pyotr Petrovich Glebov (14 April 1915 – 17 April 2000), was a Russian film actor from the Russian noble Glebov family.

In 1940, Glebov graduated from the Stanislavsky School where his teachers included Mikhail Kedrov. When World War II broke out, the young actor volunteered to fight for the Red Army. He took part in the Battle of Moscow as an anti-aircraft gunner.

Glebov is best known for portraying the major protagonist, Grigory Melekhov, in the 1958 epic And Quiet Flows the Don, a trilogy directed by Sergei Gerasimov.

In 1981, Glebov was awarded the honorary title People's Artist of the USSR and was awarded the Order of Lenin. He is buried in the Vagankovo Cemetery.
Miguel Rodez
Miguel Rodez (born November 12, 1956) is a Cuban born contemporary visual artist, curator, and former attorney who has resided in the United States since 1969. Artistically, Rodez is known for his textured luminescent paintings and his Minimalist-Dadaist sculptures. Among his most displayed works are Custom-made Paradise, his round portrait of Spanish Surrealist Salvador Dalí from Rodez’s XX Century Masters series, and the sensual kinetic giant inflatable sculpture Lucky Link from his Imagine Liberation series. He has written several published articles on art, law, and community issues and has been an Editor in Chief for law magazines and publications.

Salvador Dalí Museum
The Salvador Dalí Museum is an American art museum in St. Petersburg, Florida, dedicated to the works of Salvador Dalí. Designed by HOK with Yann Weymouth and built by the Beck Group, the museum is located on the downtown St. Petersburg waterfront by 5th Avenue Southeast, Bay Shore Drive, and Dan Wheldon Way.
Bipp
"Bipp" (stylized in all uppercase) is a song by British record producer Sophie. It was released as a single on 17 June 2013 as Sophie's first release on the label Numbers, backed by the B-side "Elle". Upon release, the song became a critical success, appearing on numerous end-of-year single polls and bringing Sophie early attention.

Resident Advisor
Resident Advisor (also known as RA) is an online music magazine and community platform established in 2001 and dedicated to showcasing electronic music, artists and events across the globe. Its editorial team provides news, music and event reviews, as well as films, features and interviews. Resident Advisor also provides global event listings and ticket sales platform, club and promoter directories, artist and record label profiles, and the RA Podcast.

The company has its headquarters in London, with additional offices in Berlin, Los Angeles, New York and Melbourne. The website won a People's Voice award in the 12th Annual Webby Awards in 2008.
Doug Poindexter
Douglas Winston Poindexter (October 19, 1927 – October 1, 2004) was an American singer and guitarist who fronted the country band The Starlight Wranglers (or Starlite Wranglers) in the early 1950s and recorded for Sun Records. Members of his band included Scotty Moore and Bill Black, before they started playing with Elvis Presley.

Sun Records
Sun Records is an American independent record label founded by producer Sam Phillips in Memphis, Tennessee on February 1, 1952. Sun was the first label to record Elvis Presley, Charlie Rich, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash. Prior to that, Sun had concentrated mainly on African-American musicians because Phillips loved rhythm and blues and wanted to bring it to a white audience.

On January 28, 2021, Sun Records was acquired by Primary Wave for $30 million.
2015 GT50
2015 GT50, previously known as o5p060, is a trans-Neptunian object orbiting in the Kuiper belt of the outermost Solar System. It was first observed by the Outer Solar System Origins Survey using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope at Mauna Kea on 13 April 2015.

Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope
The Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) is located near the summit of Mauna Kea mountain on Hawaii's Big Island at an altitude of 4,204 meters (13,793 feet), part of the Mauna Kea Observatory. Operational since 1979, the telescope is a Prime Focus/Cassegrain configuration with a usable aperture diameter of 3.58 metres (11.7 ft).

CFHT is currently considering a refurbishment to the facility in the 2020s. The facility would be reconstructed with a new 11-meter telescope to produce the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer, retaining the same base building and infrastructure. First light is expected no earlier than 2029.
Inventory of Historic Churches of Puerto Rico
The Inventory of Historic Churches of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Inventario de Iglesias Históricas de Puerto Rico) is a thematic historic register of Roman Catholic church buildings in Puerto Rico curated by both the Puerto Rico Planning Board's (Junta de Planificación) Register of Historic Sites and Zones (RNSZH) and the United States National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), submitted to the latter as a thematic multiple property submission (MPS) and approved on December 10, 1984. These churches were chosen for being exemplary of the Spanish Colonial urban planning practices of the 18th and 19th centuries as it was legally stipulated by the Law of the Indies.

Puerto Rico Planning Board
The Puerto Rico Planning Board (Spanish: Junta de Planificación) created in the May 12, 1942 during Rexford G. Tugwell's governorship as the Puerto Rico Planning, Urbanization, and Zoning Board, is the only government agency in charge of centralized planning under the American flag. Its creation was in keeping with Tugwell's New Deal philosophy that Puerto Rico should operate under a highly centralized, all-encompassing territorial government.

For decades, the Planning Board was in charge of all economic planning, land use zoning and case-by-case permitting in Puerto Rico.  In the 1970s the permitting process was delegated to another government agency, the Rules and Permits Administration (ARPE) and since the late 1990s, major cities have been taking over that role in their own jurisdictions.