hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anti-miscegenation cases in the American West
Anti-miscegenation cases in the American West were legal cases in which the government attempted to interfere with marriages between people of different racial, ethnic, or political backgrounds in the American West.

During the fur trade of the 18th and early 19th century, White European trappers and traders often married into Indigenous nations. Even as the fur trade declined in the 19th century and American policy discouraged intermarriage, European American men continued to marry Native American women, and American West territories and states passed a series of contradictory laws to govern these unions. Indigenous women identified with multiple nationalities as political boundaries shifted and blurred the lines among tribal, territorial, state, and national statuses and identities. American policy also discouraged intermarriage between European American men and Asian American women. Anti-miscegenation laws emerged when inheritance was questioned in probate cases.

Tribe (Native American)
In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe, or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning.

A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty, a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States.
San Fernando Valley (film)
San Fernando Valley is a 1944 American Western film directed by John English and starring Roy Rogers, Dale Evans and Jean Porter. The film was part of the long-running series of Roy Rogers films produced by Republic Pictures.

It was filmed at Deerwood Stock Farm (Kentucky Park Farms) and Hidden Valley in Thousand Oaks, California, with some car chase scenes filmed at nearby Iverson Ranch in the Simi Hills.

Simi Hills
The Simi Hills are a low rocky mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in eastern Ventura County and western Los Angeles County, of Southern California, United States.

The range runs mainly north-south, is approximately
26 miles (42 km) long by 7 mi (11 km) wide, and reaches a maximum elevation of 2,401 ft (732 m) at  Simi Peak.
Sankt Eriksplan metro station
Sankt Eriksplan (often abbreviated as S:t Eriksplan) is a station on the Green line of the Stockholm metro. It is entirely underground, and is located in the district of Vasastaden, which is in the borough of Norrmalm in central Stockholm. The station has a single island platform, some 8 metres (26 ft) below street level, and is accessed via a pair of ticket halls. One ticket hall is under Sankt Eriksplan itself, and the other under the intersection of Torsgatan and Sankt Eriksgatan. Both ticket halls are linked to the surface by entrance pavilions containing stairs and lifts. The distance to Slussen is 4.1 km (2.5 mi).

The station was inaugurated on 26 October 1952 as a part of the section of line between Hötorget and Vällingby.

Vasastan, Stockholm
Vasastan, or formally Vasastaden, (Swedish for "Vasa town") is a 3.00 km2 large city district in central Stockholm, Sweden, being a part of Norrmalm borough.

The major parks in Vasastaden are Vasaparken and Observatorielunden near the centre and Vanadislunden and Bellevueparken in the north.

Vasastaden is considered Sweden’s most expensive district based on average price per square meter, a position the district has held since the 2010s.
Preston Barracks
Preston Barracks was a military installation on Lewes Road, Brighton. All of the buildings on the site (except for the Crimean War Building) have been demolished, most recently in 2018, with mainly student residences and a retail park built on the site.

University of Brighton
The University of Brighton is a public university based in Brighton on the south coast of England. Its roots can be traced back to 1858 when the Brighton School of Art was opened in the Royal Pavilion. It achieved university status in 1992.

The university focuses on practical, creative, and professional education, with the majority of degrees awarded also recognised by professional organisations or leading to professional qualifications. Subjects include pharmacy, engineering, ecology, computing, art, architecture, geology, nursing, teaching, sport science, journalism, criminology and business. It has around 18,000 students and 2,400 staff. The QS World University Rankings places the university within the top 100 internationally for Art and Design.
Sunni, Himachal Pradesh
Sunni is a town, nagar panchayat and tehsil in Shimla district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is about 38 kilometres (24 mi) from the state's capital Shimla. It is situated in a valley on the banks of Satluj river. It was the capital of the former Bhajji princely state, one of the several states of the Punjab States Agency. Tattapani in Satluj river is a famous site here, known for its hot springs. It is also an important location for religious purposes.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Robinsons Iligan
Robinsons Iligan (formerly known as Robinsons Place Iligan), is a shopping mall located along Macapagal Avenue in Iligan. It is owned and operated by Robinsons Land Corporation, one of the largest mall operators in the Philippines. The mall opened on July 26, 2017. The mall is the first Robinsons Mall in the province of Lanao del Norte, and the 44th in the Philippines. It is also the first stand-alone Robinsons Mall in Northern Mindanao prior to Robinsons Cagayan de Oro that is located inside Limketkai Center. It has a gross leasable area of 33,190 m2 and a gross floor area of 50,483 m2.

Limketkai Center
Limketkai Center (Chinese: 林市場偕中心, or 林克凱中心; pinyin: Lín Kèkǎi Zhōngxīn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Khiat-khái Tiong-sim) is a shopping mall in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Known by the locals as Ketkai, it is owned and developed by Limketkai and Sons, Inc., the largest factory and business district developer in the city.

Located in the city's central business district, particularly within the mixed-use 40 hectare Limketkai Center in Lapasan, the sprawling, two-storey mall has over 500 tenants, offering stores, boutique shops, fast-food chains and restaurants. It also offers facilities including four movie theatres, food courts, entertainment and day-care centers, spas and clinics.

The first Robinsons Mall in the city, Robinsons Cagayan de Oro, is also located inside the mall complex. Limketkai Center also has a Mass every Sunday at the Our Lady of Manaoag Church.
Chūjō-hime
Chūjō-hime (中将姫, Chūjō-hime; Middle Captain Princess) (also written Chūjō Hime or Hase-Hime) (c. 753?–781?) was by most accounts a daughter of the court noble Fujiwara no Toyonari who escaped persecution at the hands of her stepmother by becoming a nun at the Taima-dera in Nara. There she took on the name Zenshin-ni or the Dharma name Honyo (法如).  She has become a folk heroine, the subject of numerous Japanese folktales which celebrate her filial piety. She is sometimes called the Japanese Cinderella.

Folk hero
A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.
Baranovsky
Baranovsky, feminine: Baranovskaya is a Russian and Ukrainian variant of the Polish surname Baranowski. Belarusian variant: Baranouski, Ukrainian: Baranovskyi/Baranovska.

Anatoliy Baranovsky

Aleksey Baranovsky

Gavriil Baranovsky, Russian architect

Irina Baranovskaya

Khrystofor Baranovsky

Mikhail Baranovsky

Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky

Natalya Baranovskaya

Pyotr Baranovsky

Sergey Baranovsky

Tatiana Baranovskaya (born 1987), Russian acrobatic gymnast

Vera Baranovskaya

Yuliya Baranovskaya (born 1980), Russian TV and radio presenter

Baranowski
Baranowski (Polish pronunciation: [baraˈnɔfski]; feminine: Baranowska, plural: Baranowscy) is a Polish surname. It is Lithuanised as Baranauskas and frequently transliterated from Russian as Baranovsky (feminine: Baranovskaya).  The name is also frequently found among Ashkenazi Jews.
Petter Tande
Petter Laukslett Tande (born 11 June 1985 in Oslo) is a Norwegian former nordic combined skier who has been competing between 2002 and 2011, representing Byåsen IL. He has three medals in the 4 x 5 km team event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, with a gold (2005) and two bronzes (2007, 2009).

Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of fourth in the 15 km individual event at Turin in 2006.

He has six career World Cup victories, including twice at the Holmenkollen ski festival (Individual: 2006, sprint: 2008).

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 took place 22 February – 4 March 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. It was the second time this city has hosted these championships, having previously done so in the 1972 Winter Olympics.  Sapporo was selected as venue by vote at the 43rd FIS World Congress in Portorož, Slovenia, on 6 June 2002. It also marked the third time the championships were hosted outside Europe in a year that did not coincide with the Winter Olympics; it was the first championship held in Asia. The ski jumping team normal hill event was not held, as it had been in 2005.
Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt
Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt (10 February 1853 – 8 May 1933) was a German mineralogist, natural philosopher and art collector. He produced a nine-volume atlas of crystal forms (Atlas der Krystallformen) from 1913 to 1923 which was influential in establishing the field of crystallography. He introduced what are now called Goldschmidt symbols Φ and ρ (borrowed from astronomy) for the gnomonic angles of crystals. In 1933, he was dismissed from his position at the University of Heidelberg due to his Jewish origins and he died shortly afterwards while in exile in Salzburg. His wife Leontine committed suicide when faced with deportation to a concentration camp.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Johannes Nambala
Johannes Nambala (born 15 February 1991) is a Paralympian athlete from Namibia competing mainly in category T13 sprint events. In 2013 he became the first Namibian to win a gold medal at an IPC Athletics World Championships, when he won the 400m sprint in Lyon. As well as World Championship success Nambala has also won two silver Paralympic medals, both silver, and both won at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro.

World Para Athletics Championships
The World Para Athletics Championships, known as the IPC Athletics World Championships prior to 2017, are a biennial Paralympic athletics event organized by World Para Athletics, a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). It features athletics events contested by athletes with physical disabilities. The first IPC Athletics World Championships were held in Berlin, Germany in 1994.

They are a Paralympic parallel to the World Athletics Championships for able-bodied athletes. Since 2011, when they switched from a quadrennial scheduling to biennial, the IPC championships have been held in the same years as the IAAF championships, although they are separate events and are not necessarily held in the same host city. In 2017, London, which previously hosted the 2012 Summer Paralympics, became the first city to host both the IAAF World Championships and World Para Athletics Championships in the same year and as connected events.
Unmuzzled OX
Unmuzzled OX was a quarterly of poetry, art and politics founded in 1971 by poet Michael Andre, edited in New York City and Kingston, Ontario. Aided by artist Erika Rothenberg, the best-known issue was The Poets' Encyclopedia, the world's basic knowledge transformed by 225 poets, artists, musicians and novelists.  The circulation of Unmuzzled OX peaked at 25,000 in the 80s with The Cantos (121-150) Ezra Pound. Regular contributors to Unmuzzled OX included  Allen Ginsberg, Andy Warhol, John Cage, Daniel Berrigan, Eugene McCarthy, Margaret Atwood, Denise Levertov, Robert Peters, Robert Creeley and Gregory Corso. OX frequently features photographs of contributors by Gerard Malanga. Unmuzzled OX was located near the World Trade Center, and a translation by W. H. Auden of an opera by Carlo Goldoni appeared shortly before September 11, 2001. The publication ran until 2001, and most publications are still available.

Robert Peters (writer)
Robert Louis Peters (October 20, 1924 – June 13, 2014) was an American poet, critic, scholar, playwright, editor, and actor. He held a PhD in Victorian literature. Born in an impoverished rural area of northern Wisconsin in 1924, his poetry career began in 1967 when his young son Richard died unexpectedly of spinal meningitis. The book commemorating this loss, Songs for a Son, was selected by poet Denise Levertov to be published  by W. W. Norton in 1967. Songs for a Son began a flood of poetry.
Caleicine
Caleicine is a unique sesquiterpene compound found exclusively in Calea ternifolia, a Mexican flowering plant known for its potential psychoactive properties. This compound has garnered interest in the field of ethnopharmacology and natural product chemistry due to its putative role as a prodrug of eugenol, a potent GABA positive modulator.

Caleicine is the p-Coumaric ester of junenol and has no lactone moiety making it distinctly unique from the other sesquiterpene lactones in Calea ternifolia.

Sesquiterpene lactone
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoids that contain a lactone ring.  They are most often found in plants of the family Asteraceae (daisies, asters).  Other plant families with SLs are Umbelliferae (celery, parsley, carrots) and Magnoliaceae (magnolias). A collection of colorless, lipophilic solids, SLs are a rich source of drugs.  They can be allergenic and toxic in grazing livestock causing severe neurological problems in horses.  Some are also found in corals of the order Octocorallia.
Knowledge retrieval
Knowledge retrieval seeks to return information in a structured form, consistent with human cognitive processes as opposed to simple lists of data items. It draws on a range of fields including epistemology (theory of knowledge), cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, logic and inference, machine learning and knowledge discovery, linguistics, and information technology.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Armond Budish
Armond D. Budish (/ˈbjuːdɪʃ/ BYOO-dish; born June 2, 1953) is an American politician, lawyer, and television host who served as Cuyahoga County Executive for two terms from 2015 to 2022. A member of the Democratic Party, he was a four-term Ohio State Representative from the 8th district, and served as Speaker of the House from 2009 to 2011. He was the first Jewish representative to hold that office. He was re-elected to the House in 2010 and 2012, and thereafter was term-limited.

Before his entry into politics in 2006, he was an attorney specializing in consumer and elder law with Budish, Solomon, Steiner & Peck, and hosted a weekly Sunday morning senior issues TV program titled Golden Opportunities on Cleveland NBC affiliate WKYC channel 3. He resides in Beachwood, Ohio.

Elder rights
Elder rights are the rights of older adults (usually those in the seventh decade of life or older, although this definition is disputed), who in various countries are not recognized as a constitutionally protected class, yet face discrimination across many aspects of society due to their age.

Common rights issues faced by elders include age-related job discrimination (such as forced age of retirement), lack of access to medical treatments, because of age or age-related obstacles, societal perceptions of ability/disability due to age, and vulnerability to abuse, including financial, physical, psychological, social, and sexual abuse, because of diminished capacity and lack of access to/ability to use technology.

One of the earliest efforts by the US federal government to protect financial rights of elders was the establishment of Social Security benefits via the Social Security Act in 1935, providing income to retired individuals who qualify.
Bělá (Havlíčkův Brod District)
Bělá (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbjɛlaː]) is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Bělá lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 47 km (29 mi) north-west of Jihlava, and 70 km (43 mi) south-east of Prague.

Havlíčkův Brod
Havlíčkův Brod (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦavliːtʃkuːv ˈbrot], until 1945 Německý Brod; German: Deutschbrod) is a town in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 24,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Christian Uflacker
Christian Uflacker (born August 4, 1985) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner. He holds a black belt under Carlos Gracie Jr. He is currently the head instructor at Uflacker Academy, in Chicago, Illinois.

Black belt
In East Asian martial arts, the black belt is associated with expertise, but may indicate only competence, depending on the martial art. The use of colored belts is a relatively recent invention dating from the 1880s.
SK Njård
SK Njård is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Vestre Aker, Oslo. It is named after Njörðr in Norse mythology.

Founded in 1924, it has sections for alpine skiing, fencing, team handball, cross-country skiing, tennis, gymnastics, and rhythmic gymnastics, orienteering together with IL Heming (as Heming/Njård), and has also had sections for bandy and basketball. Its arena Njårdhallen is used for indoor sports.

Its women's handball team plays in the second highest Norwegian league. Their most famous player was goalkeeper Jeanette Nilsen. Skiers in Njård include Celine Brun-Lie. Also, 2008 Olympic fencer Sturla Torkildsen represents the club.

Vestre Aker
Vestre Aker (Western Aker) is a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway. It has a population of 50,157 as of 2020.

The previous Aker Municipality was merged into the city of Oslo in 1948.

The borough of Vestre Aker was organized as part of the 1 January 2004 reform. Previous boroughs 
Vinderen and Røa became part of the new borough of Vestre Aker. The borough of Vestre Aker does not correspond to Vestre Aker parish of the Church of Norway, that lies east of the borough. The borough of Vestre Aker belongs to Ris, Røa and Voksen parishes of the Church of Norway.

Situated in the hillside west of the city centre, Vestre Aker is known for being one of the wealthiest parts of Oslo.

Ready started playing in the Norwegian Bandy Premier League 2004–05 and has ever since.

The borough consists of the following traditional districts of Oslo:

Holmenkollen, the location of the Holmenkollen ski jump

Tryvann

Vinderen

Røa

Sørkedalen

Smestad, Oslo

Slemdal
J. L. Robinson General Store
The J. L. Robinson General Store is a historic general store located on Hagaman Road in Hagaman, Macoupin County, Illinois. Railroad worker Charles Crossland Robinson opened the store in 1881; his son James Leo Robinson took over the store upon his father's death, giving it its current name. The store was the primary supplier of household and farming supplies in Western Mound Township and the Hagaman and Chesterfield areas. In addition, the building served as the township's post office, a railway express office for Macoupin County's two railroads, and the local Democratic Party headquarters. The store was also the first building in the area to receive electricity and telephone service. It is now the only surviving building in the area built before 1900.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1980.

Macoupin County, Illinois
Macoupin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 44,967. The county seat is Carlinville.

The primary industry is agriculture, consisting of crops of corn (maize), soybeans, and some wheat.
Kenya Television Network
Kenya Television Network (KTN) is a Kenyan free-to-air television network that was launched in March 1990 by Jared Kangwana. It is headquartered at Standard Group Centre, Nairobi. It was the first  privately owned free-to-air television network in Africa, and the first to break Kenya Broadcasting Corporation's (KBC) monopoly in Kenya.

KTN became famous for activist journalism in the 1990s.

Braceface
Braceface is a Canadian coming-of-age teen drama animated television series co-produced by Nelvana Limited and Jade Animation (Shenzhen) Company that aired on Teletoon (now known as "Cartoon Network" in Canada). The show features U.S. actress Alicia Silverstone from the teen comedy film Clueless (who also voiced the title character for the first two seasons) serving as executive producer. The episodes focus on the misadventures of Sharon Spitz, a high school student who often struggles with an unusual ability occurring in her braces, which often makes mishaps in her daily life. Although considered to be an iconic feature in the series, later episodes started to drop this narrative in favour of tackling real-life issues. Unlike most animated TV shows that take place in fictional cities or states/provinces, etc., this one takes place in the real-life town of Elkford, British Columbia.