hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Changle railway station (Shandong)
Changle railway station (simplified Chinese: 昌乐站; traditional Chinese: 昌樂站; pinyin: Chānglè zhàn) is a railway station in Changle County, a part of Weifang City, Shandong.  It is on the Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway and the Qingdao–Jinan railway.

Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway
The Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway, or Jiaoji passenger railway (simplified Chinese: 胶济客运专线; traditional Chinese: 膠濟客運專線; pinyin: Jiāo-Jǐ Kèyùn Zhuān Xiàn), is a high-speed railway operated by China Railway Jinan Group in Shandong province, running from Jinan to Qingdao at 250 km/h (160 mph) following the Qingdao–Jinan Railway. "Jiāo" in its short name is a reference to the Jiaozhou Bay region, where Qingdao is located; "Jǐ" refers to Jinan. The line opened in 2008, with the goal to further separate passenger and freight services on the congested Qingdao–Jinan Railway and provide extra capacity.

Connecting at Jinan with the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway, the Qingdao–Jinan line offers direct high-speed (G- and D-series) train service from Qingdao to both Beijing South and Shanghai.
Necessary Evil (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)
"Necessary Evil" is the 28th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. It is the eighth episode of the second season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station near the planet Bajor, as the Bajorans recover from a long, brutal occupation by the imperialistic Cardassians. This episode focuses on Deep Space Nine′s security chief Odo, a shapeshifter of unknown origin. In this episode, an attack on the bartender Quark leads Odo to reopen an investigation into an unsolved murder dating back to the days of the Cardassian occupation. The episode features flashbacks to that time period, including the first time Odo met the Bajoran resistance fighter Kira Nerys, who is Deep Space Nine′s first officer during the time period in which the series is set.

Reactor (magazine)
Reactor, formerly Tor.com, is an online science fiction and fantasy magazine published by Tor Books, a division of Macmillan Publishers. The magazine publishes articles, reviews, original short fiction, re-reads and commentary on speculative fiction. Unlike traditional print magazines such as Asimov's or Analog, it releases online fiction that can be read free of charge.

Reactor was founded (as Tor.com) in July 2008 and renamed Reactor on January 23, 2024.
Capitis deminutio
Capitis deminutio or capitis diminutio (diminished capacity) is a term used in Roman law, referring to the extinguishing, either in whole or in part, of a person's former status and legal capacity. There were three changes of state or condition attended with different consequences: maxima, media, and minima.

The greatest, capitis deminutio maxima, involved the loss of liberty, citizenship, and family (e.g., being made a slave or prisoner of war). Capitis deminutio media consisted of a loss of citizenship and family without any forfeiture of personal liberty. Capitis deminutio minima consisted of a person ceasing to belong to a particular family, without loss of liberty or citizenship.

Capacity (law)
Legal capacity is a quality denoting either the legal aptitude of a person to have rights and liabilities (in this sense also called transaction capacity), or the personhood itself in regard to an entity other than a natural person (in this sense also called legal personality).
Frits Sissing
Frits Sissing (born 18 September 1963) is a Dutch television presenter. He is known for presenting television shows which include Opsporing Verzocht, Tussen Kunst & Kitsch and Maestro. He also presented Blik op de weg and several talent show-themed television series to find a musical theatre performer for a musical.

Het Perfecte Plaatje
Het Perfecte Plaatje (Dutch for: The Perfect Picture) is a Dutch photography television show in which contestants compete to create the best photo in various challenges. Tijl Beckand is the presenter of the show. The first season of the show aired in 2016. Several seasons of the show have been filmed abroad and these seasons are referred to as Het Perfecte Plaatje op Reis, with each season named after the country (e.g., Het Perfecte Plaatje in Argentinië which was filmed in Argentina).
St Andrews United Reformed Church, Roath
St. Andrew's United Reformed Church is a 19th-century United Reformed church located in the Roath area of Cardiff, Wales. The church is situated on the corner of Wellfield Road and Malborough Road, with some referring to it as the 'church on the corner'. The church covers the ministry areas of Roath and Penylan.

United Reformed Church
The United Reformed Church (URC) is a Protestant Christian church in the United Kingdom. As of 2024 it had approximately 44,000 members in around 1,250 congregations with 334 stipendiary ministers.

The URC is a Trinitarian church whose theological roots are distinctly Reformed and whose historical and organisational roots are in the Presbyterian traditions and Congregational traditions. Its Basis of Union contains a statement concerning the nature, faith and order of the United Reformed Church which sets out its beliefs in a condensed form.
Kuchary, Łęczyca County
Kuchary [kuˈxarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witonia, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Witonia, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Łęczyca, and 40 km (25 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca
Łęczyca (pronounced [wɛnˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa]; in full the Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca; German: Lentschitza; Yiddish: לונטשיץ, romanized: Lintshits, Luntshits) is a town of 13,587 inhabitants in central Poland. Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the county seat of the Łęczyca County. Łęczyca is a capital of the historical Łęczyca Land.
Mactaquac Dam
The Mactaquac Dam is an embankment dam used to generate hydroelectricity in Mactaquac, New Brunswick.  It dams the waters of the Saint John River and is operated by NB Power with a capacity to generate 670 megawatts of electricity from 6 turbines; this represents 20 percent of New Brunswick's power demand.

Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.
Shawish clan
Shawish (Shaweesh, Shawesh) (Arabic: الشاويش, شاويش, الشاوش) is a large and widespread Palestinian family originated from the Damascus Gate neighbourhood of East Jerusalem.

The Shawish surname has several variations in languages other than Arabic. Written Arabic language frequently omits vowels, therefore the surname is often spelled using only plain Arabic alphabet, literally as "Shawesh". "Al-" or "El", meaning "family of" or "the" in Arabic, is often used as a prefix to names in formal identifications. English or other languages translations of the surname therefore vary, some common versions include: (Al) Shawish; Shawish; (El) Shawesh; Shaweesh.

English articles
The articles in English are the definite article the and the indefinite article a (which takes the alternate form an when followed by a vowel sound). They are the two most common determiners. The definite article is the default determiner when the speaker believes that the listener knows the identity of a common noun's referent (because it is obvious, because it is common knowledge, or because it was mentioned in the same sentence or an earlier sentence). The indefinite article is the default determiner for other singular, countable, common nouns, while no determiner is the default for other common nouns. Other determiners are used to add semantic information such as amount (many, a few), proximity (this, those), or possession (my, the government's).
Dwomoh
Dwomoh is an Ashanti surname. Dwomoh is a royal Ashanti surname which originated from Mampong in the Ashanti City-State. Notable people with the Ashanti surname include:

Benjamin Dwomoh (1935–2013), Ghanaian football referee

Irene Dwomoh (born 1986), Ghanaian beauty pageant winner

Mampong
Mampong is a town and the capital of the Mampong Municipal in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. As of 2012, the town has a population of 42,037 people. The town is home to the Mamponghene, Nana Osei Bonsu II.
NGC 2552
NGC 2552 is a Magellanic spiral galaxy located some 22 million light years away. It can be found in  constellation of Lynx. This is a type of unbarred dwarf galaxy, usually with a single spiral arm. It is inclined by 41° to the line of sight from the Earth along a position angle of 229°. The measured velocity dispersion of the stars in NGC 2552 is relatively low—a mere 19 ± 2 km/s. This galaxy forms part of a loose triplet that includes NGC 2541 and NGC 2500, which together belong to the NGC 2841 group.

Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.
Dowgi Daraq
Dowgi Daraq (Persian: دوگي درق, also Romanized as Dowgī Daraq; in Armenian: Դոգույդարա) is a village in Keyvan Rural District, in the Central District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 32, in 6 families. The village is populated by the Kurdish Mohammad Khanlu tribe.

Mohammad Khanlu
Mohammad Khanlu (Moḥammad-Ḵānlū) (محمد خانلو) is one of the six major Tribes of Arasbaran. It is a Turkified Kurdish tribe dwelling for the most part in the Arasbaran region, in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. Its summer quarters were around Marzrud and its winter quarters were around Heydarkanlu village of Khoda Afarin County. According to A. Lampton, in Arasbaran the pasturage belonged to Khans, who also owned arable land in winter quarters.

At present the tribe is in most part sedentary, with majority of families living in suburbs of Tehran. Some descendants of the ruling Klan spend their summer in Chaparli pastures, and others in the recently erected villas in Garmanab.
PhantomJS
PhantomJS is a discontinued headless browser used for automating web page interaction. PhantomJS provides a JavaScript API enabling automated navigation, screenshots, user behavior and assertions making it a common tool used to run browser-based unit tests in a headless system like a continuous integration environment. PhantomJS is based on WebKit making it a similar browsing environment to Safari and Google Chrome (before Chrome's fork of WebKit evolved into Blink). It is an open-source software released under the BSD License.

Continuous integration
Continuous integration (CI) is the practice of integrating source code changes frequently and ensuring that the integrated codebase is in a workable state. Typically, developers merge changes to an integration branch, and an automated system builds and tests the software system. 
Often, the automated process runs on each commit or runs on a schedule such as once a day. Grady Booch first proposed the term CI in 1991, although he did not advocate integrating multiple times a day, but later, CI came to include that aspect.
Kilmore Carols
The Kilmore Carols, sometimes also known as the Wexford Carols, is a cycle of traditional Irish Christmas carols sung each year in St. Mary's Church in the village of Kilmore, County Wexford, Ireland. Numbering thirteen in total, the carols are sung during the Twelve Days of Christmas. This tradition of carol singing at Kilmore is said to have begun in the mid-18th century and has continued up through the 21st century, forming a unique part of Christmas in Ireland. According to The Journal of Music, these carols form part of the "greatest body of Irish folk carols". Beginning in the late 20th century, several individual songs from the Kilmore Carols have been commercially recorded.

The Journal of Music
Journal of Music (formerly Journal of Music in Ireland, or JMI) is an Irish music magazine founded in 2000. It "has been a critical voice in Traditional and Contemporary musics since 2000". In 2009 it was relaunched as the Journal of Music.

In 2010, the Journal of Music was the recipient of Utne Reader magazine's Utne Independent Press Award for Arts Coverage.
Paul Meyers
Paul Duncan Meyers (November 19, 1895 – July 2, 1966) was an American football player. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) with the Rochester Jeffersons, New York Brickley Giants and the Racine Legion. Brickley's New York Giants are not related to the modern-day New York Giants. Prior to joining the NFL, Meyers played college football at the University of Wisconsin.

Rochester Jeffersons
The Rochester Jeffersons were an American football team based in Rochester, New York, from 1898 to 1925.  The team was a founding member of the National Football League (NFL), in which they played from 1920 to 1925.
FIS Cross-Country Nor-Am Cup
The FIS Cross-Country Nor-Am Cup is a series of cross-country skiing events arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS). It is one of the nine FIS Cross-Country Continental Cups, a second-level competition ranked below the Cross-Country World Cup. The Nor-Am Cup is open for competitors from all nations, but are mainly a competition for skiers from Canada.

The Nor-Am Cup has been held since the 2001 season, and has been a part of the Cross-Country Continental Cup since the 2004–05 season.

FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The FIS Cross-Country World Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition, arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS) since 1981. The competition was arranged unofficially between 1973 and 1981, although it received provisional recognition on the 31st FIS Congress, 29–30 April 1977 in Bariloche, Argentina.

The first World Cup races were held on 9 January 1982 and were located in Reit im Winkl, West Germany and Klingenthal, East Germany. Bill Koch of the United States and Berit Aunli of Norway were the overall winners in the first season.
Candy Montgomery
Candace Lynn Montgomery (née Wheeler; born November 15, 1949) is an American woman who was accused of murdering her former lover's wife, Betty Gore. The killing took place in Wylie, Texas, on June 13, 1980. During the assault, Gore was struck 41 times with a wood splitting axe. Montgomery pleaded not guilty to charges of murder on the basis of self-defense, alleging that Gore confronted her about the affair she had with Gore's husband and attacked her with the axe. She was acquitted.

Affair
An affair is a relationship typically between two people, one or both of whom are either married or in a long-term monogamous or emotionally-exclusive relationship with someone else. The affair can be solely sexual, solely physical, solely emotional, or a combination of these.

The relationship is commonly concealed and is generally understood to violate the exclusivity expectations of the primary partnership. The partner outside the primary relationship in an affair is sometimes called a "paramour". Affairs are often emotionally lopsided in that paramour will be the only one to heavily invest themselves into the affair.

A fling usually refers to a brief or casual romantic/sexual involvement, whereas an affair is more often ongoing.
1995 Vuelta a Asturias
The 1995 Vuelta a Asturias was the 39th edition of the Vuelta a Asturias road cycling stage race, which was held from 16 May to 21 May 1995. The race started and finished in Oviedo. The race was won by Beat Zberg of the Carrera Jeans–Tassoni team.

Oviedo
Oviedo (Spanish: [oˈβjeðo] ⓘ) or Uviéu (Asturian: [uˈβjew]) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. With a population of 220,027, it is also the 2nd-largest city in Asturias.

Oviedo is located approximately 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Gijón and 23 km (14 mi) southeast of Avilés, both of which lie on the shoreline of the Bay of Biscay. Oviedo's proximity to the ocean of less than 30 kilometres (19 mi) in combination with its elevated position with areas of the city more than 300 metres above sea level causes the city to have a maritime climate, even though it does not sit directly on the shore.
Gerald Morin
Gerald Morin (born 1961 in Green Lake, Saskatchewan) is a Métis politician who served as president of the Métis National Council and the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, also serving as vice president for the latter.

Morin is a recognized expert in Métis governance and history. He has asserted that the Métis formed a self‐governing nation when Louis Riel declared the provisional government and established the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia. Through his political work, Morin has worked towards recognition of the Métis right to self-government, asserting that Métis self-government is "not something that can be granted to us by the state, we already possess this right," and that self-government is the "vision that our people fought and died for at Red River, that is the vision that our people fought and died for at Batoche."

Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia
The Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia (French: Assemblée législative d'Assiniboine) was a short-lived legislature established to pass laws for the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land under the provisional government led by Louis Riel from 1869 to 1870. The Legislative Assembly was named after the Council of Assiniboia that previously managed the territories before the Hudson's Bay Company sold the land to Canada in 1869.

The guidelines for the creation of the elected assembly had been established during the Convention of Forty in January and February 1870 and elections followed shortly afterwards. The number of representatives of constituencies considered to be English-speaking and those considered to be French-speaking were made equal. The assembly operated from March 9, 1870, to June 24, 1870. Its final act was to accept the agreement negotiated with Canada for the new province of Manitoba to enter Confederation and to ratify the Manitoba Act.
Jammie Dodgers
Jammie Dodgers are a popular British biscuit, made from shortbread with a raspberry or strawberry flavoured jam filling. Bought by Burton Biscuit works in 1960, they are currently produced by Burton's Biscuit Company at its factory in Llantarnam. In 2009, Jammie Dodgers were the most popular children's sweet biscuit brand in the United Kingdom, with 40% of the year's sales consumed by adults.

Raspberry
The raspberry is the edible fruit of several plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with woody stems.

World production of raspberries in 2023 was 940,979 tonnes, led by Russia with 23% of the total. Raspberries are cultivated across northern Europe and North America and are consumed in various ways, including as whole fruit and in preserves, cakes, pastries, ice cream, and liqueurs.
Ping sweep
In computing, a ping sweep is a method that can establish a range of IP addresses which map to live hosts.

The classic tool used for ping sweeps is fping, which traditionally was accompanied by gping to generate the list of hosts for large subnets, although more recent versions of fping include that functionality. Well-known tools with ping sweep capability include nmap for Unix and Windows systems, and the Pinger software from Rhino9 for Windows NT. There are many other tools with this capability, including: Hping, IEA's aping, Simple Nomad's ICMPEnum, SolarWind's Ping Sweep, and Foundstone's SuperScan. There is also a ping sweep tool for Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, and iOS called Fing made by Overlook Soft.

Pings can be detected by protocol loggers like ippl.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
3D cell culturing by magnetic levitation
The Magnetic Levitation Method (MLM) is a technique for growing 3D cell cultures. In this approach, cells are treated with magnetic nanoparticles and exposed to spatially varying magnetic fields produced by neodymium magnetic drivers. The process causes cells to levitate to the air-liquid interface within a standard petri dish. The magnetic nanoparticle assemblies consist of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and cell-adhesive peptide sequences.

This method can be applied to cultures with five hundred to millions of cells and is adaptable for use in single-dish systems as well as high-throughput, low-volume systems. Additionally, magnetized cells can be utilized as building blocks for magnetic 3D bioprinting.

Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can also be synthesized in the laboratory. Protein primary structures can be directly sequenced, or inferred from DNA sequences.
Cordillera Real (Ecuador)
The Cordillera Real (also Cordillera of Quito, Cordillera Central of Ecuador) is a chain of mountains in the Andes of Ecuador, the largest of them volcanic. They are continued by the Cordillera Central of Peru to the south and the Cordillera Central of Colombia to the north. The Cordillera Real includes Antisana, Cotopaxi, and Cayambe, while Chimborazo is in the Cordillera Occidental.

The geology of the Cordillera Real includes metamorphic rock of sedimentary origin in addition to S-type granites dated to the early Mesozoic (>200 million years ago).

Chimborazo
Chimborazo (Spanish: [tʃimboˈɾaso] ⓘ) is a stratovolcano in Ecuador and the Cordillera Occidental range of the Andes. Its last known eruption is believed to have occurred around AD 550. Although not the tallest mountain in the Andes or on Earth relative to sea level, its summit is the farthest point on Earth's surface from the Earth's center due to its location along the planet's equatorial bulge. Chimborazo's height from sea level is 6,263 m (20,548 ft), well below that of Mount Everest at 8,849 m (29,032 ft).

Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador and the 39th-highest peak in the entire Andes.