hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Camnula
Camnula is a genus of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It contains one species, Camnula pellucida, the clearwinged grasshopper. This grasshopper is found in most of North America excluding some southeastern states. It can be a severe pest in grains and rangelands.

Acrididae
Acrididae are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae (so they may be called "short-horned grasshoppers"), and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.
Vélo d'Or français
The Vélo d'Or français (French for "French Golden Bicycle") is a cycle racing award, created in 1992 by the French cycling magazine Vélo Magazine. Until 2023, the award was given to the French rider, male or female, considered to have performed the best over the year. Since 2025, this has been subdivided into two awards: the "Trophée Bernard Hinault" for male cyclists and the "Trophée Jeannie Longo" for female cyclists. An additional award for Paralympic cycling was introduced in 2024. These awards are presented at the same ceremony as the "Vélo d'Or", which is given to the best international rider.

Mountain biker Julien Absalon has the most awards, with four.

Julien Absalon
Julien Arnaud Absalon (born 16 August 1980) is a French former cross-country mountain biker, who competed as a professional from 2001 to 2018. He is considered to be one of the most successful cross-country cyclists of all time. Throughout his career, Absalon won gold medals at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics, five World Championships (2004–2007, 2014), seven UCI World Cup overall titles (2003, 2006–2009, 2014, 2016) and 33 World Cup rounds, which was an all-time record before being broken by Nino Schurter in 2023. He also won all fourteen French cross-country championships between 2003 and 2016, and five European Championships (2006, 2013–2016).
Chiquet Mawet
Chiquet Mawet (born Michelle Beaujean; 23 January 1937 – 4 July 2000) was a playwright, storyteller, poet, social activist and professor of ethics. Part of the generation between The Battle of Stalingrad in 1942 and the Protests of 1968, Beaujean, at 20, was fascinated by the hope of self-managed socialism (Titoism) in Yugoslavia.

Storytelling
Storytelling is the social and cultural activity of sharing stories, sometimes with improvisation, theatrics or embellishment. Every culture has its own narratives, which are shared as a means of entertainment, education, cultural preservation or instilling moral values (sometimes through morals). Crucial elements of stories and storytelling include plot, characters and narrative point of view. The term "storytelling" can refer specifically to oral storytelling but also broadly to techniques used in other media to unfold or disclose the narrative of a story.
Presnel Kimpembe
Presnel Kimpembe (born 13 August 1995) is a French professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Qatar Stars League club Qatar SC.

A product of the Paris Saint-Germain Youth Academy, Kimpembe made his debut for Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) in 2014. With PSG, he went on to win eight Ligue 1 titles, numerous domestic cup competitions, and a UEFA Champions League title. Several long-term injuries in the later years of his spell at PSG led to his eventual departure for Qatar SC in 2025.

Kimpembe was a part of the France national teams that won the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 2021 UEFA Nations League Finals. He was a starter at UEFA Euro 2020.

2021 UEFA Nations League Finals
The 2021 UEFA Nations League Finals was the final tournament of the 2020–21 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the second season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. The tournament was held in Italy from 6 to 10 October 2021, and was contested by the four group winners of Nations League A. The tournament consisted of two semi-finals, a third place play-off and final to determine the champions of the UEFA Nations League. While originally scheduled for 2 to 6 June 2021, the tournament was pushed back due to the postponement of UEFA Euro 2020 to June and July 2021.

Portugal were the defending champions, having won the inaugural 2019 finals. However, they failed to qualify for the 2021 finals after finishing second in their group behind France.

France won the final 2–1 against Spain for their first UEFA Nations League title.
Elite One Championship 2018–2019
The 2018–19 Elite One Championship was the 84th season of France's domestic rugby league competition and 17th known as the Elite One Championship. Ten teams competed in the regular season playing 19 matches each from November 2018 to June 2019, with the top six teams playing a three-week finals series throughout June 2019.

Saint-Estève XIII Catalan won their second Elite One Championship beating minor premiers AS Carcassonne in the final 32–24 after finishing 2nd in the regular season.

Saint-Estève XIII Catalan
Saint-Estève XIII Catalan are a semi-professional rugby league team based in Perpignan in the region of Pyrénées-Orientales in the south of France.

Founded in 2006 following the transfer of Catalans Dragons from the French to British rugby league system, the club plays in the Super XIII (the top tier rugby league competition in France), and effectively replaced Catalans Dragons in the French league, and thus is, in effect, Catalans Dragons reserves.

The club takes its name from  AS Saint-Estève and XIII Catalan, the two clubs that merged to form Catalans Dragons. They have won the league title once and the cup four times. Their current home stadium is the Stade Municipal and they are coached by Jerome Guisset
T. Neil Davis
Thomas Neil Davis (February 1, 1932 – December 10, 2016) was an American professor of geophysics from the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the author of several books. Born in Greeley, Colorado, Davis received his B.S in geophysics from University of Alaska Fairbanks in 1955, an M.S. in geophysics from California Institute of Technology in 1957, and a Ph.D. in geophysics from University of Alaska Fairbanks in 1961. Davis spent most of his working career at the Geophysical Institute, pioneering the use of all-sky and low-level light cameras for the study of the aurora borealis and conducting rocket studies of the aurora. With Masahisa Sugiura (while both were at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) he introduced the AE (auroral electrojet) index now commonly used as a measure of solar-terrestrial interaction. A student of Beno Gutenberg and Charles Richter at Caltech, he also has done work in observational seismology.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Art Brouthers
Arthur Henry Brouthers (November 25, 1882 – September 28, 1959) was an American professional baseball player.

Brouthers was a third baseman in the major leagues for one season with the 1906 Philadelphia Athletics. For his career, he compiled a .208 batting average in 144 at-bats, with 14 runs batted in.

Brouthers began his professional career in 1902 with the Shreveport Giants and played in 13 minor league seasons. He was the player/manager for the Class D level Paducah Indians of the Kitty League in 1913 and 1914. Brouthers then moved in the same role to the Class C level Augusta Tourists of the South Atlantic League in his final season of 1915.

He was born in Montgomery, Alabama and later died in Charleston, South Carolina at the age of 76.

Kitty League
The Kitty League, formally known as the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League, was a Class D level minor league baseball circuit that went through six different periods of play between 1903 and 1955. The League hosted teams in 29 cities from the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri and Tennessee.
Besmilr Brigham
Besmilr Brigham (born Bess Miller Moore; September 28, 1913 – September 30, 2000) was an American poet and writer of  short stories.

Brigham was born in Pace, Mississippi. She graduated from Mary Hardin-Baylor College (now University of Mary Hardin–Baylor) in Belton, Texas. After that, she studied at the New School for Social Research in New York. 
In New York she met and married Roy Brigham.

According to the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture, "She came to prominence during the women’s movement of the 1960s, and her work is noted for its innovative structure, sound, and rhythm."

Brigham is also known as Besmilr Moore Brigham. The Besmilr Women Writers Award is named after her.

Brigham died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Las Cruces, New Mexico in 2000.

Belton, Texas
Belton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Belton is the county seat of Bell County and is the fifth largest city in the Killeen-Temple metropolitan area. In 2020, the population of Belton was 23,054, and the metro region had a population of 450,051 according to US Census estimates.
1948–49 Scottish League Cup
The 1948–49 Scottish League Cup was the third season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won by Rangers, who defeated Raith Rovers in the final.

Rangers also won both the Scottish Football League and the Scottish Cup, the first time a club claimed the national 'treble'.

Treble (association football)
A treble in association football is achieved when a club team wins three trophies in a single season. A continental treble involves winning the club's top-level domestic league competition, main domestic cup competition, and main continental trophy. Although winning a second-tier continental trophy (e.g. Europa League) has also been described as a continental treble, it is not as widely accepted. A domestic treble involves winning three national competitions—including the league title, the primary cup competition, and one secondary competition, such as a league cup.

Competitions which consist of a single match or a two-leg match are not normally counted as part of a continental treble (e.g., the FA Community Shield, Supercopa de España, Supercoppa Italiana, Trophée des Champions, DFL-Supercup, UEFA Super Cup, Recopa Sudamericana, FIFA Club World Cup (2005–2023 editions), Intercontinental Cup and others).
Gonocarpus micranthus
Gonocarpus micranthus commonly called creeping raspwort is a prostrate, ascending or erect perennial herb in the family Haloragaceae. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, South-east Asia, Japan and the Himalaya.

Haloragaceae
Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales.
Þóra Steffensen
Þóra Steinunn Steffensen (born 9 December 1962) is an Icelandic physician and forensic pathologist. She played basketball for the Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur and the Íþróttafélag stúdenta and was for a time the tallest player in the women's top division as well as sitting on the board of the Icelandic Basketball Association.

Íþróttafélag Stúdenta
Íþróttafélag Stúdenta (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈiːˌθrouhtaˌfjɛːˌlaːɣ ˈstuːtɛnta], lit. 'Students Sports Club'), commonly known as ÍS, is an Icelandic multi-sport club based in Reykjavík, Iceland. It was founded by students of University of Iceland on 21 January 1928. Since its foundation, the club has been involved in various sports, most notably wrestling, basketball and volleyball.
2016 Trophée des Alpilles
The 2016 Trophée des Alpilles is a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It is the eighth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It was held in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France between 6 and 11 September 2016.

Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʁemi də pʁɔvɑ̃s]; lit. "Saint-Rémy of Provence"; Provençal: Sant Romieg de Provença (classical norm) and Sant Roumié de Prouvènço (Mistralian norm)) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. It is often referred to simply as Saint-Rémy, its official name until 12 April 1953. Located in the northern part of the Alpilles, of which it is the main town, its population is about 9,600.
Belgrade anti-gay riot
The Belgrade anti-gay riot was an incident of violence against LGBTQ people that occurred on 10 October 2010 during a pride parade, organized to promote LGBTQ rights in Serbia. The gay pride parade has been the first in Belgrade since 2001; a planned parade in 2009 was cancelled due to the threat of violence.

Anti-gay and anti-government protesters fought with about 5,000 armed police, throwing Molotov cocktails, bricks, stones, glass bottles and firecrackers; the police used tear gas and rubber bullets. There were no fatalities.

Stone throwing
Stone throwing or rock throwing, when it is directed at another person (called stone pelting in India), is often considered a form of criminal battery. In certain political contexts, stone-throwing can be considered a form of civil resistance.
Dan Norris
Dan Norris (born 28 January 1960) is a British politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Somerset and Hanham since 2024. He previously served as Mayor of the West of England from 2021 to 2025, and as the MP for Wansdyke from 1997 to 2010.

An independent, he was formerly a member of the Labour Party, until he was suspended in April 2025 after being arrested by Avon and Somerset Police on suspicion of rape, child sex offences, child abduction and misconduct in a public office.

Norris served in government as the Parliamentary-Under Secretary of State for Rural Affairs and Environment from 2009 to 2010, and an Assistant Whip from 2001 to 2003. Norris was elected to Parliament for North East Somerset and Hanham in the 2024 general election, defeating Jacob Rees-Mogg, who had defeated him in the 2010 election.

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Growth and Rural Affairs
The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Water and Rural Growth was a junior position in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in the British government. The office was merged with the Minister of State for Food Security and Rural Affairs in 2024.
Randolph Mainwaring
Randolph Mainwaring (26 July 1839 – 27 December 1902) was an English cricketer. He played in four first-class matches in New Zealand for Canterbury from 1866 to 1871.

Mainwaring worked for some years in the Education Department of Canterbury Province until the abolition of the provinces in 1876. He then worked as a journalist, writer and artist before returning to England in the 1880s. He married Edith Foley in Mitcham, Surrey, in August 1883.

Canterbury cricket team
Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.
Makron (vase painter)
Makron was an ancient Greek vase painter active in Athens ca. 490–480 BC. Though only one signed example of his work is known to have survived, some 350 vases have been attributed to him by Sir John Beazley, making him one of the best surviving painters of the red-figure period.

"He specialized in the decoration of cups, but occasionally worked with other types of vessels. Most of his vases depict scenes from daily life: revelry, athletics, or erotica."

Unlike many other vase painters of this period, Makron does not seem to have worked with a variety of potters, moving from workshop to workshop. Instead, he appears to have had a steady collaboration with the potter Hieron. Strongly associated with Hieron, Beazley attributes all but three vases signed by Hieron as potter to Makron as painter, whereas earlier scholarship did not associate the two. Adolf Furtwängler was the first to do so.

Adolf Furtwängler
Johann Michael Adolf Furtwängler (30 June 1853 – 10 October 1907) was a German archaeologist, teacher, art historian and museum director. He was the father of the conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler and grandfather of the German archaeologist Andreas Furtwängler.
Circa Reproductions Morane Saulnier N
The Circa Reproductions Morane Saulnier N, also called the Bullet, is a Canadian amateur-built aircraft that was designed by Graham Lee and produced by Circa Reproductions, of Surrey, British Columbia. The aircraft is supplied as plans for amateur construction.

The aircraft is a 90% scale replica of the First World War French Morane-Saulnier N fighter.

Rotax 503
The Rotax 503 is a 37 kW (50 hp), inline 2-cylinder, two-stroke aircraft engine, built by BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co. KG of Austria for use in ultralight aircraft.

For decades the engine was one of the most popular and reputedly reliable aircraft engines in its class (two-stroke, under 60 horsepower), and it remains widely used and supported.

As of 2011 the Rotax 503 is no longer in production. However, a Russian manufacturer has developed an approximate reproduction, the RMZ 500.  Rotax subsequently offered only one other two-stroke engine for aircraft, the partially water-cooled Rotax 582.
Chendathur
Chendathur is a village and gram panchayat in Gudiyatham taluk and Pernambut block, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India (formerly in North Arcot). As of 2011 it had a population of 3,285 comprising 1,583 males and 1,702 females in 840 households.

Hamlets in Chendathur include Krishnampalli.

In 2021 contamination of the water supply by industrial waste from tanneries in the area including Chendathur was investigated. In 2024 a serious outbreak of illness, including a death, befell the villagers, resulting from contaminated water, and deep excavation works were undertaken to provide a new water supply.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Chester, Orange County, New York
Chester is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 12,646 at the 2020 census.  Chester contains a village, also called Chester.

Chester is the birthplace of Philadelphia-style cream cheese.

Cream cheese
Cream cheese is a soft, usually mild-tasting fresh cheese made from milk and cream.  Cream cheese is not naturally matured and is meant to be consumed fresh, so it differs from other soft cheeses, such as Brie and Neufchâtel. It is more comparable in taste, texture, and production methods to Boursin and mascarpone. Stabilizers, such as carob bean gum and carrageenan, are often added in industrial production. It can also come in several flavors.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration defines cream cheese as containing at least 33% milk fat with a moisture content of not more than 55%, and a pH range of 4.4 to 4.9. Similarly, under Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, cream cheese must contain at least 30% milk fat and a maximum of 55% moisture. In other countries, it is defined differently and may need a considerably higher fat content.

Cream cheese originated in the United States in the 1870s.
1992 Copa Libertadores finals
The 1992 Copa Libertadores final was a two-legged football match-up to determine the 1992 Copa Libertadores champion. The final was contested by Brazilian club São Paulo and Argentine side Newell's Old Boys. The first leg was held in Estadio Gigante de Arroyito (home venue of club Rosario Central) where Newell's beat Sao Paulo 1–0 in front of 35,000 spectators.

In the second leg, held in Estádio do Morumbi, Sao Paulo defeated Newell's 1–0. As both teams tied on points and goal difference, a penalty shootout was conducted to decide a champion. Sao Paulo won the series 3–2 on penalties, therefore the Brazilian team won their first Copa Libertadores trophy.

Estádio do Morumbi
The Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, popularly known as Morumbi, and currently known as MorumBIS for sponsorship reasons, is a multipurpose 72,039-seater football stadium located in the eponymous district in São Paulo, Brazil. It is the home of São Paulo FC and its formal name honors Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, who was São Paulo FC's chairman during most of the stadium construction and died before its inauguration. Morumbi is the largest privately owned stadium in Brazil. Designed by the architect João Batista Vilanova Artigas, the stadium is a monument of Brazilian modernism and in 2018 was formally marked as a cultural building by São Paulo city prefecture.
Galagali Ramacharya
Mahamahopadhyaya Ramacharya Narsimhacharya Galagali (1892–1981) was a notable Indian Sanskrit scholar and poet of two Mahakavyam. He was a recipient of President’s Certificate of Honor. He also received honorary Mahamahopadhyaya honor from Bharatiya Sanskrit Sansthan Parishad Prayag.

He was born in 1893, In Galagali village on the bank of Krishna River in the Bijapur District of Karnataka.

Krishna River
The Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau is the third-longest in India, after the Ganga and Godavari. It is also the fourth-largest in terms of water inflows and river basin area in India, after the Ganga, Indus and Godavari. The river, also called the Krishnaveni, is 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long and flows for 282 kilometres in Maharashtra. It is a major source of irrigation in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
Leptosiphon rattanii
Leptosiphon rattanii (syn. Linanthus rattanii) is a rare species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name Rattan's linanthus.

It is endemic to California, where it is known only from inner sections of the North Coast Ranges.

It is a small, thin annual herb producing a hairy, glandular stem up to 20 centimeters tall. The leaves are divided into tiny threadlike lobes. The inflorescence is generally made up of a single flower with a very thin, hairy, reddish tube over a centimeter long tipped with a flat white corolla with lobes a few millimeters in length.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.