hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Draba subumbellata
Draba subumbellata is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by several common names, including parasol draba, mound draba, and White Mountains cushion draba. This small perennial plant is native to the White Mountains which straddle the California-Nevada state line and the Inyo Mountains nearby. It lives on barren rocky scree above 3000 meters.

This alpine-adapted plant forms cushion-like mats amongst the rock litter on mountain peaks. Its tiny leaves are covered in bushy hairs. At flowering small bunches of tiny buds open to reveal bright yellow petals each a few millimeters wide. The fruits are hairy, slightly inflated siliques less than a centimeter long.

White Mountains (California)
The White Mountains of California and Nevada are a triangular fault-block mountain range facing the Sierra Nevada across the upper Owens Valley. They extend for approximately 60 mi (97 km) as a greatly elevated plateau about 20 mi (32 km) wide on the south, narrowing to a point at the north, with elevations generally increasing south to north. The range's broad southern end is near the community of Big Pine, where Westgard Pass and Deep Springs Valley separate it from the Inyo Mountains. The narrow northern end is at Montgomery Pass, where U.S. Route 6 crosses. The Fish Lake Valley lies east of the range; the southeast part of the mountains are separated from the Silver Peak Range by block faulting across the Furnace Creek Fault Zone, forming a feeder valley to Fish Lake Valley. The range lies within the eastern section of the Inyo National Forest.
Karel Engliš
Karel Engliš (17 August 1880 – 13 June 1961) was a Czech economist, political scientist, and founder of teleological economic theory.

Engliš was the first rector of Masaryk University in Brno from 1919 to 1920, and from 1947 to 1948 was rector of Charles University in Prague. Together with Alois Rašín, he was significantly involved in the Czechoslovak currency reform after World War I as Minister of Finance. From 1934 to 1938, he was Governor of the National Bank of Czechoslovakia.

Ministry of Finance (Czech Republic)
The Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic (Czech: Ministerstvo financí České republiky), abbreviated MFČR, is a government ministry, responsible for matters relating to economic policy, the government budget, revenue service, banking, security and insurance, international economic work, central, regional and local government.

The Ministry is administrated by the Finance Minister, who is member of the Cabinet. Since 15 December 2025 the minister has been Alena Schillerová.
Xixin Chan Temple
Xixin Chan Temple or Soul Refreshing Chan Temple (simplified Chinese: 洗心禅寺; traditional Chinese: 洗心禪寺; pinyin: Xǐxīn Chán Sì) is a Buddhist temple located at the foot of Mount Gaoding (高顶山), Wangcheng District, which is 8-square-kilometre (3.1 sq mi) north of Changsha.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Moorlands College
Moorlands College is an Evangelical Christian training college with a campus in Sopley (near Christchurch) Dorset, and a cegional Centre in Devon. All degree courses (including undergraduate and postgraduate degrees) are validated by the University of Gloucestershire. The college is non-denominational and holds a statement of faith which is shared by several Evangelical Christian organisations. The college participates in the Government’s Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) and was given a provisional award under the framework in 2017. Steve Brady was the college's principal until 2018. As of 2025, the principal is Andy du Feu. Public funding of the college has been criticised by the National Secular Society.

Teaching Excellence Framework
The Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework (TEF) is a government assessment of the quality of undergraduate teaching in universities and other higher education providers in England, which may be used from 2020 to determine whether state-funded providers are permitted to raise tuition fees. Higher education providers from elsewhere in the United Kingdom are allowed to opt-in, but the rating has no impact on their funding. The TEF rates universities as Gold, Silver or Bronze, in order of quality of teaching. The first results were published in June 2017. This was considered a "trial year" (even though the non-provisional ratings awarded are valid for 3 years) and is to be followed by a "lessons learned exercise" that will feed into the 2018 TEF and longer-term plans for subject-level ratings.

In October 2017 the official title of the exercise was officially renamed from Teaching Excellence Framework to the Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework.
Tinlicker
Tinlicker is a Dutch electronic music group from Utrecht comprising Micha Heyboer, Jordi van Achthoven & Hero Baldwin. Formed in 2012, they have released music on labels such as [PIAS], Anjunadeep and Armada. They have played festivals including Coachella, Pinkpop Festival, Creamfields, Sziget Festival, Tomorrowland and Ultra.

Circa Waves
Circa Waves are an English indie rock band formed in Liverpool in 2013. The band consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Kieran Shudall, guitarist Joe Falconer, bassist Sam Rourke, and drummer Colin Jones.
Monks (Oliver Twist)
Edward "Monks" Leeford is a fictional character and one of the main antagonists (alongside Bill Sikes) in the 1838 novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. He is actually the criminally-inclined half-brother of Oliver Twist, but he hides his identity. Monks' parents separated when he was a child, and his father had a relationship with a young woman, Agnes Fleming. This resulted in Agnes' pregnancy. She died in childbirth after giving birth to the baby that would be named Oliver Twist.

Oliver Twist (1948 film)
Oliver Twist is a 1948 British film and the second of David Lean's two film adaptations of Charles Dickens novels. Following his 1946 version of Great Expectations, Lean re-assembled much of the same team for his adaptation of Dickens' 1838 novel, including producers Ronald Neame and Anthony Havelock-Allan, cinematographer Guy Green, designer John Bryan and editor Jack Harris. Lean's then-wife, Kay Walsh, who had collaborated on the screenplay for Great Expectations, played the role of Nancy. John Howard Davies was cast as Oliver, while Alec Guinness portrayed Fagin and Robert Newton played Bill Sykes (Bill Sikes in the novel).

In 1999, the British Film Institute placed it at 46th in its list of the top 100 British films. In 2005 it was named in the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14.
Phyllonorycter restrictella
Phyllonorycter restrictella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and New York, Maine, Connecticut, Vermont, Pennsylvania and Michigan in the United States.

The larvae feed on Castanea dentata, Fagus grandifolia and Fagus sylvatica. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Fagus grandifolia
Fagus grandifolia, the American beech or North American beech, is a species of tree growing to 16–35 meters (52–115 feet) tall. It is one of two beech species native to North America, the other occurring in Mexico. It flourished over most of the continent prior to the last ice age, but is now limited to the east. The tree is shade tolerant and found in forests in the final stage of succession.

The nuts are eaten by animals and humans. The leaves and inner bark can be prepared as well.
Samya Garh, Bihar
Samya Garh is a village in the Ghoswari block of the Patna district in Bihar, located 12 kilometres south-west of Mokama.

The main occupation is agriculture and the main crops are lentils and peanuts. Laxmi Narayan Mandir is the centre of Hindu devotion. Shiv, Kali, and Sitaram are worshipped here.

The total population of the Samya Garh village as per the 2001 Census of India is 3929. The literacy rate is 43.61%. The female literacy rate is 27.46%. The male literacy rate is 54.93%.

Lentil
The lentil (Vicia lens or Lens culinaris) is an annual legume grown for its lens-shaped edible seeds or pulses, also called lentils. It is about 40 cm (16 in) tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each.

Lentil seeds are used around the world for culinary purposes, most commonly in stews or soups. In cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, where lentils are a staple, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) known as dal are often cooked into a thick curry that is usually eaten with rice or roti.
The Hills Grammar School
The Hills Grammar School (commonly referred to as Hills Grammar) is an independent nonsectarian co-educational early learning, primary and secondary day school, located in Kenthurst, a suburb in the Hills district of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1982, the school has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for over 1,000 students from early learning, through Kindergarten to Year 12. In 2010, the school opened the Early Childhood Education Centre (ECEC), catering for 3–4 year olds. Main intake years are ECEC, Kindergarten, Year 7, and Year 11; however, if vacancies exist in other years, admissions can be made.

Hills Grammar is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Heads of Independent Co-Educational Schools (HICES) and the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA).

Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.
Friday the 13th: The Computer Game
Friday the 13th:  The Computer Game (often shortened to Friday the 13th) is the first game adaptation based on the films of the same name. It was released in 1986 by Domark for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum. The game was released on floppy diskette and cassette tape. The player's goal is to find and kill Jason, while making sure their friends or they themselves are not killed by Jason.

Crash (magazine)
Crash, stylized as CRASH, is a magazine dedicated to the ZX Spectrum home computer, primarily focused on games. It was published from 1984 to 1991 by Newsfield Publications Ltd until their liquidation, and then until 1992 by Europress. It was relaunched as a quarterly A5 magazine in December 2020 with the backing of the original founders.

The magazine was launched to cater for the booming Spectrum games market. It was immediately popular owing to its quality of writing and distinctive, though occasionally controversial, artwork created by Oliver Frey. By 1986 it had become the biggest-selling British computer magazine with over 100,000 copies sold monthly, but struggled towards the end of the decade after other magazines put cassettes of games on the front cover. In the 2010s, a number of retrospective issues were created via a kickstarter campaign leading to the new publication by Fusion Retro.
XIII: The Conspiracy
XIII: The Conspiracy is a 2008 television film in two parts, based on the eponymous graphic novel series by Belgian authors Jean Van Hamme and William Vance, about an amnesiac protagonist who seeks to discover his concealed past. The film served as a pilot for XIII: The Series, which aired on television in 2011.

The film was directed by Duane Clark, stars Val Kilmer and Stephen Dorff, and was produced by Prodigy Pictures and Cipango Films. It was first broadcast in France in October 2008 by Canal+; followed by NBC in the USA in February 2009; by Nine in Australia (as The Conspiracy) in November 2009; and by Five in the United Kingdom in December 2009 (where it was shown as a single feature instead of in two parts).

William Vance
William van Cutsem (8 September 1935 – 14 May 2018), better known by his pen name William Vance, was a Belgian comics artist known for his distinctive realistic style and work in Franco-Belgian comics.
Oikos
Oikos (Ancient Greek: οἶκος Ancient Greek pronunciation: [ôi̯.kos]; pl.: οἶκοι) was, in Ancient Greece,  two related but distinct concepts: the family and the family's house.  Its meaning shifted even within texts.

The oikos was the basic unit of society in most Greek city-states.  For regular Attic usage within the context of families, the oikos referred to a line of descent from father to son from generation to generation.  Alternatively, as Aristotle used it in his Politics, the term was sometimes used to refer to everybody living in a given house. Thus, the head of the oikos, along with his immediate family and his slaves, would all be encompassed.  
Large oikoi also had farms that were usually tended by the slaves, which were also the basic agricultural unit of the ancient Greek economy.

Attic Greek
Attic Greek is the Greek dialect of the ancient region of Attica, including the polis of Athens. Often called Classical Greek, it was the prestige dialect of the Greek world for centuries and remains the standard form of the language that is taught to students of Ancient Greek. As the basis of the Hellenistic Koine, it is the most similar of the ancient dialects to later Greek. Attic is traditionally classified as a member or sister dialect of the Ionic branch.
Quintiq
Quintiq is a planning, scheduling and supply chain optimisation software solution originally developed by Quintiq B.V. in the Netherlands. The software is headquartered in 's-Hertogenbosch. Since the integration into the DELMIA product family of Dassault Systèmes in October 2014, the product has been known as DELMIA Quintiq.

It is built using a mixture of C++ and Java.

Supply chain optimization
Supply-chain optimization (SCO) aims to ensure the optimal operation of a manufacturing and distribution supply chain. This includes the optimal placement of inventory within the supply chain, minimizing operating costs including manufacturing costs, transportation costs, and distribution costs. Optimization often involves the application of mathematical modelling techniques using computer software. It is often considered to be part of supply chain engineering, although the latter is mainly focused on mathematical modelling approaches, whereas supply chain optimization can also be undertaken using qualitative, management based approaches.
Festus Iyayi
Festus Iyayi (29 September 1947 – 12 November 2013) was a Nigerian leftist writer, best known for advancing his politics through realist novels depicting the sociopolitical environment of contemporary Nigeria. He was also a former president of the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU). He died in a road accident on his way to Kano.

University of Benin (Nigeria)
The University of Benin (UNIBEN) is a public research university located in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. It is one of  the universities owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria and was founded in 1970. The school currently has two campuses with fifteen faculties and a central library called the John Harris Library. The buildings in UNIBEN are sparsely built, they are not close to each other.

UNIBEN has a teaching hospital called the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).
A. J. Graves
Adam James Graves (born August 15, 1985) is an American basketball player who played college basketball with the Butler University Bulldogs. He played one year professionally with PBG Basket Poznań in the Polish Basketball League.

PBG Basket Poznań
PBG Basket Poznań is a former professional basketball club from Poznań, Poland. The team was founded in 2006, intending to continue the basketball legacy of Lech Poznań. PBG played in the PLK for most of its existence, but withdrew in 2012.
Li Fanghua
Li Fanghua (Chinese: 李方华; 6 January 1932 – 24 January 2020) was a Hong Kong-born Chinese physicist. She was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, The World Academy of Sciences, and the International Union of Crystallography. She was also the director of Chinese Society of Physics and China Union of Crystallography, and an editor of the Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society, J. Electron Microscopy, Chinese Physics Letter, and Chinese Journal of Physics.

Li won the L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2003. She was fluent in English, French, German, Japanese, and Russian.

International Union of Crystallography
The International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) is an organisation devoted to the international promotion and coordination of the science of crystallography. The IUCr is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
33rd General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The 33rd General Assembly of Prince Edward Island was in session from April 5, 1898, to November 12, 1900. The Liberal Party led by Alexander Bannerman Warburton formed the government. In August 1898, Donald Farquharson became Liberal party leader and Premier.

There were three sessions of the 33rd General Assembly:

James H. Cummiskey was elected speaker.

Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
The Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, officially the Prince Edward Island Liberal Association, is a political party in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is one of the three parties currently represented in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, and along with its primary rival the Progressive Conservative Party of PEI, one of only two parties with continual presence in the provincial legislature since confederation.

The PEI Liberals has formed the government of Prince Edward Island for 90 of the approximately 160 years since PEI became a province of Canada.
N12 road (Ireland)
The N12 road is one of the shortest national primary roads in the Republic of Ireland, running 6.87 km (4.27 mi) from outside Monaghan (where it leaves the N2) to the border with County Armagh, Northern Ireland, at Ardgonnell Bridge outside Middletown. The N12 is part of an overall route running from Cavan Town to Belfast.

County Monaghan
County Monaghan (/ˈmɒnəhən/ MON-ə-hən; Irish: Contae Mhuineacháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of Border strategic planning area of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Monaghan. Monaghan County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 65,288, according to the 2022 census.

The county has existed since 1585 when the Mac Mathghamhna rulers of Airgíalla agreed to join the Kingdom of Ireland. Following the 20th-century Irish War of Independence and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Monaghan was one of three Ulster counties to join the Irish Free State rather than Northern Ireland.
Wiegmann
Wiegmann or Wiegman is the surname of:

Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann (1802–1841), German zoologist

Arend Joachim Friedrich Wiegmann (1770–1853), German pharmacist and botanist

Bert Wiegman (born 1952), British private equity manager

Bettina Wiegmann (born 1971), German athlete

Casey Wiegmann (born 1973), American football player

Diet Wiegman (born 1944), Dutch visual artist

Esmé Wiegman (born 1975), Dutch politician

Fred Wiegman (1924–1968), Dutch actor and singer

Paul Wiegmann (born 1952), Russian-American physicist and university professor

Piet Wiegman (1885–1963), Dutch painter, graphic artist, sculptor, ceramist and puppeteer

Rudolf Wiegmann (1804–1865), German painter, archaeologist, art historian, graphic artist and architect

Sarina Wiegman (born 1969), Dutch footballer and football coach

Diet Wiegman
Diet Wiegman (born 24 January 1944 in Schiedam) is a Dutch multidisciplinary visual artist from the Netherlands.

Wiegman's father and grandfather were artists as well. This upbringing lead him to study at the Rotterdam Academy of Art, from 1961 to 1965, and to become a dedicated artist himself. 
An article in PetaPixel referred to Wiegman as an 'art omnivore'. He has works in a multitude of disciplines.
Mother Courage and Her Children (album)
Mother Courage and her Children is a 2010 album by Duke Special, featuring the songs he composed and performed for the National Theatre's 2009 production of Berthold Brecht's play Mother Courage and Her Children, with Brecht's lyrics translated by Tony Kushner.

It was released both on its own and as part of a box set entitled The Stage, A Book And The Silver Screen, which also includes The Silent World of Hector Mann and the Huckleberry Finn EP, funded via the online crowdsourcing platform PledgeMusic.

PledgeMusic
PledgeMusic was an online direct-to-fan music platform, launched in August 2009. It was started to facilitate musicians looking to pre-sell, market, and distribute projects, such as recordings and concerts. It bore similarities to other artist payment platforms as ArtistShare, Kickstarter, Indiegogo, Patreon, RocketHub and Sellaband.

The company announced it was facing bankruptcy in May 2019, after a year of artists reporting slow payment problems. The company was granted permission to wind up on 19 August 2019.
Human rights in Lesotho
Human rights in Lesotho, a nation of 2,067,000 people completely surrounded by South Africa, is a contentious issue. In its 2012 Freedom in the World report, Freedom House declared the country "Partly Free". According to the United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, which produces annual human rights reports on the country, the most pressing human rights issues are the use of torture, poor prison conditions, and the abuse of women and children.

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Affairs (DRL) is a bureau within the United States Department of State. The bureau is under the purview of the Under Secretary of State for Foreign Assistance, Humanitarian Affairs and Religious Freedom.
Sparganopseustis unithicta
Sparganopseustis unithicta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is known from the Yanachaga–Chemillén National Park in the Pasco Region, Peru. The holotype was collected at 2,400 m (7,900 ft) above sea level.

The wingspan is about 28 mm for the holotype, a female.

Department of Pasco
Pasco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpasko]; Quechua: Pasqu) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's central highlands. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cerro de Pasco.
Korytyshche, Lviv Oblast
Korytyshche (Ukrainian: Коритище; Polish: Korytyszcze) is a village (selo) in Drohobych Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. It belongs to Skhidnytsia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

In the late 19th century Korytyshche were only a group of houses in the village of Staryi Kropyvnyk. There is now an Orthodox church built in 2003.

Until 18 July 2020, Korytyshche belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion, however, Korytyshche was transferred to Drohobych Raion.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).