hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Dunkirk (1944–1945)
The siege of Dunkirk in World War II (also known as the Second Battle of Dunkirk) began in September 1944, when the Second Canadian Division surrounded the fortified city and port of Dunkirk. The siege lasted until after the end of the European war in Europe. German units within the fortress withstood probing attacks and as the opening of the port of Antwerp was more important, the 21st Army Group commander, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, decided to contain but not capture Dunkirk with the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade. The fortress, commanded by Admiral Friedrich Frisius, eventually surrendered unconditionally to Brigadier General Alois Liška, the commander of the Czechoslovak brigade group, on 9 May 1945, a day after the surrender of Nazi Germany took effect.

2nd Canadian Division
The 2nd Canadian Division (2 Cdn Div; French: 2e Division du Canada) is a formation of the Canadian Army in the province of Quebec, Canada. The present command was created 2013 when Land Force Quebec Area was re-designated. The main unit housed in this division is the Royal 22nd Regiment based at CFB Valcartier near Quebec City, which is the largest regiment in the Canadian Army.

The division draws its historical lineage from formations that existed during the First and Second World Wars.
Neil Stovold
Neil Andrew Stovold (born 24 February 1983) is an English cricketer.  Stovold is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break.  He was born in Bristol.

Stovold represented the Gloucestershire Cricket Board in 3 List A matches.  These came against Herefordshire in the 2nd round of the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, Huntingdonshire in the 1st round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2001, and the Surrey Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002. In his 3 List A matches, he scored 111 runs at a batting average of 37.00, with a single half century high score of 75. With the ball he took a single wicket at a bowling average of 58.00, with best figures of 1/33.

Surrey Cricket Board
The Surrey Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Surrey.

From 1999 to 2003 the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List-A status.
Hawking–Page phase transition
In quantum gravity, the Hawking–Page phase transition is phase transition between AdS black holes with radiation and thermal AdS.

Stephen Hawking and Don Page (Hawking & Page (1983)) showed that although AdS black holes can be in stable thermal equilibrium with radiation, they are not the preferred state below a certain critical temperature . At this temperature, there will be a first order phase transition where below , thermal AdS will become the dominant contribution to the partition function.

The Hawking-Page phase transition between the unstable small black hole to stable large black hole phase is understood as a confinement-deconfinement phase transition in the dual conformal field theory via AdS/CFT correspondence.

Partition function (quantum field theory)
In quantum field theory, partition functions are generating functionals for correlation functions, making them key objects of study in the path integral formalism. They are the imaginary time versions of statistical mechanics partition functions, giving rise to a close connection between these two areas of physics. Partition functions can rarely be solved for exactly, although free theories do admit such solutions. Instead, a perturbative approach is usually implemented, this being equivalent to summing over Feynman diagrams.
Greenaway
Greenaway is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Greenaway (footballer) (1889–1946), Scottish footballer

David Greenaway (economist) (born 1952), professor of economics at the University of Nottingham

Emerson Greenaway (1906-1990), American librarian

Frank Greenaway (1917–2013), English chemist and writer

Gavin Greenaway (born 1964), music composer and conductor, son of Roger Greenaway

Joseph A. Greenaway, Jr. (born 1957), United States judge

Kate Greenaway (1846–1901), children's book illustrator and writer

Lorne Greenaway (born 1933), Progressive Conservative party member of the Canadian House of Commons

Peter Greenaway (born 1942), Welsh-born English film director

Peter Van Greenaway (1929–1988), British novelist

Roger Greenaway (born 1938), popular English songwriter

Sally Greenaway (born 1984), Australian composer and pianist

Kate Greenaway
Catherine Greenaway (17 March 1846 – 6 November 1901) was an English Victorian artist and writer, known for her 
children's book illustrations. She received her education in graphic design and art between 1858 and 1871 from the Finsbury School of Art, the South Kensington School of Art, the Heatherley School of Art, and the Slade School of Fine Art. She began her career designing for the burgeoning greetings card market, producing Christmas and Valentine's cards.  In 1879 wood-block engraver and printer Edmund Evans printed Under the Window, an instant best-seller, which established her reputation. Her collaboration with Evans continued throughout the 1880s and 1890s.

The depictions of children in imaginary 18th-century costumes in a Queen Anne style were extremely popular in England and internationally, sparking the Kate Greenaway style. Within a few years of the publication of Under the Window Greenaway's work was imitated in England, Germany, and the United States.
Zanjan, Iran
Zanjan (Persian: زنجان; pronounced [zænˈdʒɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Zanjan County, Zanjan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

Zanjan's population boasts the highest level of happiness among the people of 30 other provinces in Iran, according to a detailed survey conducted by Isna.

Ali Akbar Saremi
Ali Akbar Saremi (Persian: علی‌اکبر صارمی) (28 October 1943 – 21 January 2017) was an Iranian architect. Saremi earned a Masters in Architecture from the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, in 1968. He got his doctorate in architecture under the supervision of Louis Kahn from the University of Pennsylvania, in 1976.
D. Russell Wartinbee
David Russell Wartinbee (November 11, 1903 – March 27, 1977) was an American, Republican politician and educator from Wisconsin.

Born in La Crosse, Wisconsin, Wartinbee received his degree in music from University of Wisconsin–Madison and his masters from University of Minnesota. He also went to what is now University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. He taught music and then history and social problems at La Crosse Central High School. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly 1961–1967. He died in La Crosse in 1977.

La Crosse, Wisconsin
La Crosse (/ləˈkrɒs/ ⓘ lə-KROSS) is a city in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. Positioned alongside the Mississippi River, La Crosse is the most populous city on Wisconsin's western border. The population was 52,680 at the 2020 census. The La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents.

La Crosse's economy serves as a regional educational, medical, manufacturing, and transportation hub for Western Wisconsin producing a gross domestic product (GDP) of $10.1 billion for the La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area as of 2023. Home to the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, Viterbo University, and Western Technical College, the city has nearly 20,000 students. The La Crosse area is home to the headquarters or regional offices of Kwik Trip, Organic Valley, Mayo Clinic, Gundersen Health System, Gensler, La Crosse Technology, City Brewing Company, and Trane.
Stannifer, New South Wales
Stannifer  is a small rural village on the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. The village is situated nine kilometres north of Tingha, New South Wales, on the Elsmore Road, and is within Inverell Shire. Middle Creek, a tributary of the Macintyre River is nearby.

The village is several kilometres from the locality of Old Mill; both are old tin mining villages, with remnants of the mining past still visible in places and fossicking still carried on in local creek beds.

The main industries are mining, timber, fossicking and agriculture. Several varieties of gems can be found in the Stannifer fossicking area, including jellybeans, quartz and grass stone.

Tin mining
Tin mining began early in the Bronze Age, as bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Tin is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, with approximately 2 ppm (parts per million), compared to iron with 50,000 ppm.
Phyllonorycter aemula
Phyllonorycter aemula is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in northern Italy and Austria.

Adults are on wing from April to early June and again from July to early August in two generations.

The larvae feed on Ostrya carpinifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Ostrya carpinifolia
Ostrya carpinifolia, the European hop-hornbeam, is a tree in the family Betulaceae. It is the only species of the genus Ostrya that is native to Europe.

The specific epithet carpinifolia means "hornbeam-leaved", from carpinus, the Latin word for "hornbeam".
2017 State Basketball League season
The 2017 State Basketball League season was the 29th season of the State Basketball League (SBL). The regular season began on Friday 17 March and ended on Saturday 29 July. The finals began on Friday 4 August and concluded with the women's grand final on Friday 1 September and the men's grand final on Saturday 2 September.

NBL1 West Coach of the Year Award
The NBL1 West Coach of the Year is an annual NBL1 West award given to the best performing head coach of the regular season. Known as the State Basketball League (SBL) Coach of the Year from 1989 to 2019, the SBL was rebranded to NBL1 West in 2021.

In 2014, the Coach of the Year award for the Men's League was named in honour of John Gardiner following his death. A former Olympian, Gardiner was involved with basketball for more than 50 years as a player, coach and administrator at all levels of the game. He coached more than 400 games and won five Men's SBL championships with the Perry Lakes Hawks, including four consecutive between 2001 and 2004.
Indian Mass
Indian Mass is a partially vernacularized variation of the Tridentine Mass of the Catholic Church, used in the Indigenous North American missions of Canada and the United States. The priest's portion of the Mass was kept in Latin, but the chants assigned to the schola were sung in the vernacular.

The Indian Masses date to the mid-17th century, and permission for them was apparently granted by an indult by Rome, although record of the indult itself has not been found. Nonetheless, these partially vernacularized Masses flourished in the missions with episcopal approval for several hundred years until the time of the Second Vatican Council.

Indult
In Catholic canon law, an indult is a permission or privilege, granted by the competent church authority – the Holy See or the diocesan bishop, as the case may be – for an exception from a particular norm of church law in an individual case.

For example, according to the canons 692 and 693 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, an indult is needed when members of the consecrated life want to be dispensed from their religious vows, or when priests and deacons voluntarily seek to return to the lay state (usually to marry).

A recent indult was the one granted in 1984 by Pope John Paul II, Quattuor abhinc annos, which authorised the world's Catholic bishops to permit celebrations of the Tridentine Mass liturgy in their dioceses. This indult was superseded in 2007 by new legislation introduced by Pope Benedict XVI in the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, and superseded again in 2021 by Traditionis custodes.
Alexander Danilovich Menshikov
Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Дани́лович Ме́ншиков; 16 November [O.S. 6 November] 1673 – 23 November [O.S. 12 November] 1729) was a Russian soldier and statesman. His official titles included Generalissimo, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Izhora (Duke of Ingria), Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Cosel. Rising from humble origins, he became a highly appreciated associate and friend of Tsar Peter the Great, leading to his rise as a prominent political and military figure in early 18th century Russia. He was the de facto ruler of Russia from 1725 to 1727.

Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus (first) and caput (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince".

In a related sense, now not commonly used, all more or less sovereign rulers over a state, including kings, were "princes" in the language of international politics. They normally had another title, for example king or duke. Many of these were Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
1978 Swiss Indoors – Singles
The 1978 Swiss Indoors – Singles was an event of the 1978 Swiss Indoors tennis tournament and was played on indoor hard courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland, between 24 October and 29 October 1978. The draw comprised 32 players and eight of them were seeded. Björn Borg was the defending Swiss Indoors singles champion but did not participate in this edition. First-seeded Guillermo Vilas won the singles title after a win in the final against second-seeded John McEnroe, 6–3, 5–7, 7–5, 6–4.

St. Jakobshalle
St. Jakobshalle is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the municipality of Münchenstein in Basel-Landschaft, right by the border with Basel-Stadt. Officially opened in September 1976, it is primarily used for hosting indoor sports and concert events. Following a significant renovation, the main arena has a seated capacity of 8,000 people but this can be increased to 12,400 (previously 9,000) when combined with a standing audience.

The building was designed by the architect Giovanni Panozzo and has different sized halls and rooms, which are used for all types of events. It is the home of the Swiss Indoors men's tennis and Swiss Open badminton tournaments.
Dwayne Li
Yanhao "Dwayne" Li (simplified Chinese: 李彦皞; traditional Chinese: 李彥皞; pinyin: Li Yānhào; born 12 August 2008) is a Chinese-born New Zealand figure skater. He is the 2024 Youth Olympic bronze medalist, 2024 Junior Grand Prix Thailand champion, 2024 Junior Grand Prix China bronze medalist, 2023 Junior Grand Prix Thailand bronze medalist, and 2025 New Zealand national champion.

He is the first New Zealand figure skater to qualify for or medal at any Olympic event and to win a ISU Junior Grand Prix medal.

Figure skating at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
Figure skating at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea, from 27 January to 1 February 2024.

Unlike previous Winter Youth Olympic figure skating events, which all included a mixed National Olympic Committee (NOC) team trophy, the 2024 event featured a team event between NOCs.
Tell Me (Groove Theory song)
"Tell Me" is a song by American R&B duo Groove Theory from their debut album, Groove Theory (1995). The track is a cover of Rhythm-N-Bass' 1993 song "Tell Me (If You Want Me Too)", which was also produced by Bryce Wilson. The song contains an interpolation of Mary Jane Girls' "All Night Long" which itself interpolates Keni Burke's "Risin' to the Top".

Released as a single in June 1995, "Tell Me" peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top 10 in Australia and Canada, peaking at numbers six and eight, respectively. The single also peaked at number 14 in New Zealand and number 31 in both Iceland and the United Kingdom. "Tell Me" is certified gold in Australia and the United States.

Groove Theory (album)
Groove Theory is the only studio album by the American R&B duo Groove Theory, released on October 24, 1995, by Epic Records. The album peaked at number sixty-nine on the US Billboard 200 chart. In October 1996, it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for surpassing 500,000 copies in the United States.
Nile minnow
The Nile minnow (Leptocypris niloticus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae. This fish is found in the Nile, Omo, Niger, Bénoué, Volta, and Senegal Rivers, and the Lake Chad basin. It was described by Léon-Daniel de Joannis in 1835.

Volta River
The Volta River (Akan: Asuo Firaw, Ewe: Amuga, French: Fleuve Volta) is the main river system in the West African country of Ghana. It flows south into Ghana from the Bobo-Dioulasso highlands of Burkina Faso.

The three main parts of the river are the Black Volta, the White Volta, and the Red Volta. In the northwest, the Black Volta forms the international borders of the Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Burkina Faso. The Volta flows southward along the Akwapim-Togoland highlands, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of Guinea at Ada Foah. One of its smaller tributaries, the Oti River, enters Ghana from Togo in the east. The Volta River has been dammed at Akosombo for generating hydroelectricity. The reservoir named Lake Volta stretches from Akosombo Dam in the south to the northern part of the country, and is the largest man-made reservoir by area in the world.

The country of Burkina Faso was formerly called Upper Volta, after the river.
Symphony No. 16 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 16 in B♭ major, Hoboken I/16, may have been written between 1757 and 1761.

It is scored for two oboes, bassoon, two horns, strings, and continuo, with a solo cello part in the slow movement. It is in three movements:

The slow movement features a solo cello doubled in octaves with muted violins.

Basso continuo
Basso continuo is a harmonic musical structure, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), that generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the continuo group.
Put on the green jersey
"Put on the green jersey" is a phrase to represent putting the Irish national interest first. The phrase can be used in a positive sense, for example evoking feelings of national unity during times of crisis. The phrase can also be used in a negative sense – e.g. the Irish national interest as an excuse for immoral conduct or corruption. The phrase reflects the wearing of green sports jerseys by most of Ireland's sporting teams.

Team jersey
A team jersey (also sports jersey) is a shirt worn by members of a sports team to identify their affiliation with the team.  Jerseys identify their wearers' names and/or numbers, generally showing the colors and logo of the team.  Numbers are frequently used to identify players, since uniforms give players a similar appearance.

A jersey may also include the logo of the team's sponsor.
Jacob Cohen (statistician)
Jacob Cohen (April 20, 1923 – January 20, 1998) was an American psychologist and statistician best known for his work on statistical power and effect size, which helped to lay foundations for current statistical meta-analysis and the methods of estimation statistics. He gave his name to such measures as Cohen's kappa, Cohen's d, and Cohen's h.

Statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.

It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.
River Arth
The River Arth is a small river that rises in the hills near Bethania, Ceredigion, Wales, and runs west for 15 miles (24 km) and discharges into Cardigan Bay at Aberarth.

Despite its small size it is one of the few rivers in Britain which has a bore when the incoming tide cause a tidal wave to run upstream. The bore is only a few inches high and it runs only for a short distance upstream; beyond the road bridge in Aberarth the terrain rises steeply, preventing the bore propagating any further.

In the 1970s, the River Arth suffered severe intermittent agricultural pollution from a dairy unit not far from the village but improved pollution control and a change of ownership of the farm rectified that position.

Tidal bore
A tidal bore, often simply given as bore in context, is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travels up a river or narrow bay, reversing the direction of the river or bay's current. It is a strong tide that pushes up the river, against the current.
2009 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship for Women Division C
The 2009 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship for Women Division C was the seventh edition of the Division C of the FIBA U18 Women's European Championship, the third tier of the European women's under-18 basketball championship. It was played in Malta from 14 to 18 July 2009. Luxembourg women's national under-18 basketball team won the tournament.

FIBA U18 Women's EuroBasket
The FIBA U18 Women's EuroBasket is the new name for the FIBA U18 Women's European Championship, originally known as the FIBA European Championship for Junior Women. It's a women's youth basketball competition that was inaugurated with the 1965 edition. The current champions are Spain, having beaten Finland in the 2025 final.
Puerto Rico FC
Puerto Rico FC was a professional soccer club based in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. Founded in 2015, the team played in the North American Soccer League (NASL), the second tier of the American soccer pyramid. The team debuted in the 2016 fall season. The team played its home games at the Juan Ramón Loubriel Stadium until the stadium was severely damaged by Hurricane Maria in September 2017. The team last played during the 2017 NASL season.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.