hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1870 Caversham by-election
The 1870 Caversham by-election was a by-election held  on 25 April 1870 in the Caversham electorate in the Otago region of New Zealand during the 4th New Zealand Parliament.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent Arthur John Burns, on 25 March 1870.

The by-election was won by James McIndoe. He was opposed by: William Cutten, John Graham and William Robertson.

Arthur John Burns
Arthur John Burns (22 October 1830 – 15 September 1901) was a prominent early settler of Otago, New Zealand, a member of the Otago Provincial Council, a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives and founder of the Mosgiel Woollen Company, Dunedin.
Liu Jin
Liu Jin (1451–1510) was a Chinese eunuch who held significant power in the government of the Zhengde Emperor of the Ming dynasty from 1506 to 1510. He was part of a group of eunuchs known as the "Eight Tigers" who had been in the service of the Zhengde Emperor since his childhood. Upon the Zhengde Emperor's ascension to the throne in 1505, the "Tigers" were promoted, and Liu emerged as the dominant figure in the government. He implemented a series of reforms aimed at increasing state revenues, which also led to a rise in the influence of eunuchs at the expense of scholar-officials. These reforms sparked unrest and opposition throughout the empire. In 1510, Liu's former allies accused him of treason and he was executed.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
Great Blue Heron Provincial Park
Great Blue Heron Provincial Park is a recreational park in the central region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan in the boreal forest ecozone of Canada. It is adjacent to the eastern boundary of Prince Albert National Park, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the city of Prince Albert. The provincial park was established in 2013 from two pre-existing provincial recreation sites — Emma Lake (Murray Point) and Anglin Lake Recreation Sites — and the addition of a large tract of Crown land.

Great Blue Heron Provincial Park encompasses the entirety of Oscar Lake, most of Anglin Lake, the northern portion of Emma Lake, and the very northern tip of Christopher Lake. The eastern slopes of Waskesiu Hills are in the western side of the park. Access to the park is from Highway 953.

Within the park's boundaries are three small communities — Okema Beach, Murray Point, and Anglin Lake. Murray Point is home to Emma Lake Artists' Workshops.

Ecozones of Canada
Canada has 20 major ecosystems—ecozones, comprising 15 terrestrial units and 5 marine units. These ecozones are further subdivided into 53 ecoprovinces, 194 ecoregions, and 1,027 ecodistricts. These form the country's  ecological land classification within the Ecological Land Classification framework adopted in 2017. They represent areas of the Earth's surface representative of large and very generalized ecological units characterized by interactive and adjusting biotic and abiotic factors.
Caisar Putra Aditya
Caisar Putra Aditya known as Caisar Keep Smile (born August 29, 1989) is an Indonesian comedian, dancer, and actor. He became popular since performing the  Caisar dance in Yuk Keep Smile. In March 2015, he stated he is leaving the world of entertainment to focus on his personal life and a career in business.

Yuk Keep Smile
Yuk Keep Smile (abbreviated as YKS) was an Indonesian variety show that aired on Trans TV. The show premiered on 31 August 2013, as the successor to  Yuk Kita Sahur, which previously aired as the "suhur" show of Ramadan. The show hosted and starred musical guests, usually with notable dance routines. Cinta Laura was a notable talent that starred on the show, however left to finish her education abroad.
The show was cancelled with last episode aired on 27 June 2014, after a controversy with the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) over an incident where a hypnotist compared the late comedian Benyamin Sueb to a dog.
Łęka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Łęka [ˈwɛnka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Korczyn, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-east of Nowy Korczyn, 22 km (14 mi) south of Busko-Zdrój, and 68 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Busko County
Busko (Polish: powiat buski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Busko-Zdrój, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The county covers an area of 967.39 square kilometres (373.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 67,821, out of which the population of Busko-Zdrój is 15,832 and the rural population is 51,989.
Ian Therkleson
Ian James Therkleson (11 October 1938 – 16 November 2025) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in 39 first-class and eight List A matches for Wellington between 1966 and 1974.

During the 1966–67 season, Therkleson was considered to be one of New Zealand's best wicket-keepers and, helped by his batting ability, close to national selection. He was asked by the national selectors to be ready to tour Australia in 1967–68 in case any of the selected players withdrew.

Therkleson was a member of Wellington's Plunket Shield-winning teams in 1972–73 and 1973–74, his last season. He also played Hawke Cup cricket for Hutt Valley from 1959 to 1974, and was a member of the side that won the title in 1967–68. On 16 November 2025, Therkleson died aged 87.

Wellington cricket team
The Wellington Firebirds are one of six New Zealand men's first-class cricket teams that make up New Zealand Cricket.
It is based in Wellington. It competes in the Plunket Shield first class (4-day) competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.

The Wellington Cricket Association was formed in 1875. It is New Zealand's oldest cricket association.
Bill Pickering (footballer, born 1901)
William Harold Pickering (1 November 1901 – c. February 1971) was a British professional footballer. He initially played for Latch & Batchelors, before playing as an amateur for Sunderland. He went on to play for Merthyr Town, Gillingham, Huddersfield Town, Reading, Colwyn Bay United, Bristol Rovers, Accrington Stanley, Oswestry Town and Cradley Heath. He was born in Birmingham.

Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891)
Accrington Stanley was an English football club based in Accrington, Lancashire. Established in 1891, the club played in the Football League between 1921 and 1962, when the club became the second to resign from the League mid-season. The club went into liquidation in 1966. They played at Peel Park.
Bedfords (ward)
Bedfords was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Havering from 1965 to 1978. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 1974 elections. It returned two councillors to Havering London Borough Council. The ward covered Rise Park and Havering-atte-Bower. For elections to the Greater London Council, the ward was part of the Havering electoral division from 1965 and then the Romford division from 1973. The ward was only represented by Conservative Party councillors. It was named after Bedfords Park.

Romford (electoral division)
Romford was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected one councillor for a four-year term in 1973, 1977 and 1981, with the final term extended for an extra year ahead of the abolition of the Greater London Council.
Washington Summit (1987)
The Washington Summit of 1987 was a Cold War-era meeting between United States president Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev that took place on December 8–10. Reagan and Gorbachev discussed regional conflicts in Afghanistan, Central America, and Southern Africa, arms control issues for chemical weapons as well as conventional weapons, the status of START negotiations, and human rights. A notable accomplishment of the Washington Summit was the signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.

Officially, the General Secretary solely controlled the Communist Party directly. However, since the party had a monopoly on political power, the General Secretary de facto had executive control of the Soviet government. Because of the office's ability to direct both the foreign and domestic policies of the state and preeminence over the Soviet Communist Party, it was the de facto highest office of the Soviet Union.
Bromus secalinus
Bromus secalinus is a species of bromegrass known as rye brome. The specific epithet secalinus is Latin, meaning "rye-like". The fruits are hard, rounded glumes that appear superficially similar to the rye grain, which gives the brome its common and scientific name. The grass has a diploid number of 28.

The grass is native to Eurasia but is well known in many other parts of the world where it has been introduced. It is a noxious weed throughout much of North America.

Spikelet
A spikelet, in botany, describes the typical  arrangement of the inflorescences of grasses, sedges and some other monocots.

Each spikelet has one or more florets.: 12  The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes. The part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.: 13
Rendell
Rendell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Rendell (born 1990), Thai-British actor, singer and environmentalist

Don Rendell (1926–2015), English jazz musician and arranger

Ed Rendell (born 1944), American lawyer and politician, former Governor of Pennsylvania

James Rendell (born 1980), English cricketer

Joan Rendell (1921–2010), English historian, writer and phillumenist

Marjorie Rendell (born 1947), American federal judge, former First Lady of Pennsylvania

Martha Rendell (1871–1909), Australian murderer

Matt Rendell (1959–2023), Australian rules footballer

Ruth Rendell (1930–2015), British mystery writer

Scott Rendell (born 1986), English footballer

Stephen Rendell (1819–1893), English-Canadian merchant and politician

Stuart Rendell (born 1972), Australian hammer thrower

Ruth Rendell
Ruth Barbara Rendell, Baroness Rendell of Babergh, CBE (née Grasemann; 17 February 1930 – 2 May 2015) was an English author of thrillers and psychological murder mysteries.

Rendell is best known for creating Chief Inspector Wexford. A second string of works was a series of unrelated crime novels that explored the psychological background of criminals and their victims. This theme was developed further in a third series of novels, published under the pseudonym Barbara Vine.

Rendell has sold an estimated 20 million copies of her novels.
Fexpr
In Lisp programming languages, a fexpr is a function whose operands are passed to it without being evaluated. When a fexpr is called, only the body of the fexpr is evaluated; no other evaluations take place except when explicitly initiated by the fexpr. In contrast, when an ordinary Lisp function is called, the operands are evaluated automatically, and only the results of these evaluations are provided to the function; and when a (traditional) Lisp macro is called, the operands are passed in unevaluated, but whatever result the macro function returns is automatically evaluated.

NewLISP
newLISP is a scripting language, a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. It was designed and developed by Lutz Mueller. Because of its small resource requirements, newLISP is excellent for embedded systems applications. Most of the functions you will ever need are already built in. This includes networking functions, support for distributed and multicore processing, and Bayesian statistics. newLISP is free and open-source software released under the GNU General Public License, version 3 or later.
Sandy Jerstad
Sandra Isabelle "Sandy" Jerstad is a Democratic member of the South Dakota Senate, who represented the 12th district, being elected in 2006. Senator Jerstad sought reelection in 2010 but was defeated in the general election by Republican Mark Johnston.

Jerstad was a softball coach at Augustana College from 1977 to 2003, winning one NCAA Division II national championship in 1991. With 1,011 wins, she is in the National Fastpitch Coaches Association Hall of Fame.

Augustana University
Augustana University is a private Lutheran university in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. The university identifies 1860 as the year of its founding, the same as its Rock Island, Illinois, Swedish-heritage sister school, Augustana College. It derives its name from the Confessio Augustana, or Augsburg Confession, a foundational document of Lutheranism. Until September 2015, the university was known as Augustana College.

Augustana is South Dakota's largest private university. It offers more than 100 majors, minors, and pre-professional and graduate programs.
One Man's Hero
One Man's Hero is a 1999 historical war drama film directed by Lance Hool and starring Tom Berenger, Joaquim de Almeida and Daniela Romo. The film has the distinction of being the last film released by Orion Pictures' arthouse division Orion Classics, as well as being the last Orion Pictures film, until 2013's Grace Unplugged, when Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion Pictures brand. Shooting occurred in 1997, the same year that Orion Pictures was absorbed into MGM.

The film is a dramatization of the true story of John Riley and the Saint Patrick's Battalion, a group of Irish Catholic immigrants who desert the mostly Protestant U.S. Army to join the Catholic Mexican army during the Mexican–American War of 1846 to 1848.

Orion Classics
Orion Classics started in 1982 as the distribution label for the then independent film production company Orion Pictures, now owned by Amazon MGM Studios. It was relaunched on May 21, 2018.

The original focus of 1980-era Orion Classics was on acquiring independent and foreign films for North American distribution, as headed by Michael Barker, Tom Bernard, and Marcie Bloom. In addition it aimed to produce some arthouse films of its own. It was launched when Barker, Bernard and Donna Gigliotti moved from UA Classics, a United Artists specialty division. Among its most notable films were Babette's Feast, Pedro Almodóvar's Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Jim Jarmusch's Mystery Train and Richard Linklater's Slacker.

Since its relaunch Orion Classics has released Mike P. Nelson's The Domestics and Jim Cummings' The Wolf of Snow Hollow, among others.
André Boulanger
André Boulanger (26 July 1886, Chéroy – 9 September 1958, Montgeron) was a French professor of literature and Latin scholar who shared his activity between archaeology and the teaching profession.

He was a professor of Latin language and literature at Fribourg, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, and at the Sorbonne.

The subject of his thesis was Aelius Aristides and sophistry in the province of Asia in the second century AD. He was responsible for the creation of the neologism euergetism (from the Greek εὐεργετέω meaning "I do good things") for the practice of wealthy or high-status individuals distributing a part of their wealth to the community, rather than to individuals.

Aelius Aristides
Publius Aelius Aristides Theodorus (Ancient Greek: Πόπλιος Αἴλιος Ἀριστείδης Θεόδωρος; 117–181 AD) was a Greek orator and author considered to be a prime example as a member of the Second Sophistic, a group of celebrated and highly influential orators who flourished from the reign of Nero until c. 230 AD.

More than fifty of his orations and other works survive, dating from the reigns of Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. His early success was interrupted by a decades-long series of illnesses for which he sought relief by divine communion with the god Asclepius, effected by interpreting and obeying the dreams that came to him while sleeping in the god's sacred precinct; he later recorded this experience in a series of discourses titled Sacred Tales (Hieroi Logoi). In his later life, Aristides resumed his career as an orator, achieving such notable success that Philostratus would declare that "Aristides was of all the sophists most deeply versed in his art."
Lake Pyaozero
Lake Pyaozero (Russian: Пяозеро, Karelian: Piäjärvi, Finnish: Pääjärvi) is a large freshwater lake in the Republic of Karelia, northwestern part of Russia. It has an area of 659 km2, and it is drained by the river Kovda. There are many islands on the lake with total area of 186 km2. Among the rivers that flow into lake Pyaozero is the river Oulankajoki that begins in Finland, where one of its tributaries is the river Kitkanjoki that begins from lake Kitkajärvi in Finland. From south also the waters of Lake Topozero in the Republic of Karelia flow into the Lake Pyaozero.

Kitkajoki
Kitkajoki or Kitkanjoki is a river of Finland. It begins from the lake Ala-Kitka that is connected to the lake Yli-Kitka in the municipalities of Posio and Kuusamo in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia and flows then towards Russia joining the river Oulankajoki near the Russian border. It is a part of the Kovda river system in Russia and Finland from which the waters flow to the White Sea.
Fidelipac
The Fidelipac, commonly known as a "NAB cartridge" or simply "cart", is a magnetic tape sound recording format, used for radio broadcasting for playback of material over the air such as radio commercials, jingles, station identifications, and music, and for indoor background music. Fidelipac is the official name of this industry standard audio tape cartridge. It was developed in 1954 by inventor George Eash (although the invention of the Fidelipac cartridge has also been credited to Vern Nolte of the Automatic Tape Company), and commercially introduced in 1959 by Collins Radio Co. at the 1959 NAB Convention. The cartridge was often used at radio stations until the late 1990s, when such formats as MiniDisc and computerized broadcast automation predominated.

Station identification
Station identification (ident, network ID, channel ID or bumper) is the practice of radio and television stations and networks identifying themselves on-air, typically by means of a call sign or brand name (sometimes known, particularly in the United States, as a "sounder", "stinger" or "sting", more generally as a station or network ID). This may be to satisfy requirements of licensing authorities, a form of branding, or a combination of both. As such, it is closely related to production logos, used in television and cinema alike.

Station identification used to be done regularly by an announcer at the halfway point during the presentation of a television program, or in between programs.
James McCaw
James M. McCaw is an Australian mathematical biologist. He is professor of Mathematical Biology in the School of Mathematics and Statistics and in the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health at the University of Melbourne. He was Associate Dean (of Research) in Science from 2020--2021.

He is primarily known for his work in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in which he assisted in informing Australia's public health response. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic he had carried out award winning research on infectious diseases, notably influenza and malaria. He is on the editorial board for several scholarly journals including eLife, Epidemics and PLoS Computational Biology

PLOS Computational Biology
PLOS Computational Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering  computational biology. It was established in 2005 by the Public Library of Science in association with the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in the same format as the previously established PLOS Biology and PLOS Medicine. The founding editor-in-chief was Philip Bourne and the current ones are Feilim Mac Gabhann and Virginia E. Pitzer.
Svein Enersen
Svein Enersen (born 12 February 1968) is a Norwegian newspaper editor and retired football defender. He played in the highest Norwegian league for Viking, Kongsvinger and Start, and the second highest league for Viking, Vidar, Stord, Moss and Bryne–serving as team captain in several of the teams. A journeyman, he also had a spell in the third tier with Eiger.

Journeyman (sports)
In American English, a journeyman is an athlete who is technically competent but unable to excel. The term is used elsewhere (such as in American, British and Australian contexts) to refer to a professional sportsman who plays for numerous clubs during his career. In Britain, the term is also used derogatorily, along with mercenary, to refer to players who join various affluent clubs purely in search of higher contractual payouts rather than to further their career; usually clubs which they would likely never join otherwise.
Florian theory of Shakespeare authorship
The Florian theory of Shakespeare authorship holds that the Protestant pastor Michelangelo Florio (1515–1566) or his son the English lexicographer John Florio (1552–1625), or both, wrote the plays of William Shakespeare (1564–1616). First thought up in 1927, the idea placed both Florios among the over 80 alternative candidates proposed since mid-19th century as the secret authors of the works of Shakespeare. The intertextual relations between the respective works of John Florio and Shakespeare have been intensely investigated by scholarship but, at the same time, have given rise to 'persistent pseudo-scholarly' attempts. Scores of works of "biographism", proposing different candidates and using similar arguments, have emerged since the mid-19th century to question Shakespeare's authorship, but no one in his own time entertained any doubts that he was the author of his works.

Sondrio
Sondrio (Italian: [ˈsondrjo] ⓘ; Lombard: Sùndri; Romansh: Sunder; archaic German: Sünders or Sonders; Latin: Sundrium) is an Italian city, comune and administrative centre for the province of Sondrio, located in the heart of the Valtellina. As of 2015, Sondrio counted approximately 21,876 inhabitants. In 2007, Sondrio was named the Alpine Town of the Year.