hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Food microbiology
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food. This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing probiotics.

Food contaminant
A food contaminant is a harmful chemical or microorganism present in food, which can cause illness to the consumer.

The impact of chemical contaminants on consumer health and well-being is often apparent only after many years of processing and prolonged exposure at low levels (e.g., cancer). Unlike food-borne pathogens, chemical contaminants present in foods are often unaffected by thermal processing. Chemical contaminants can be classified according to the source of contamination and the mechanism by which they enter the food product.
Blackboard system
A blackboard system is an artificial intelligence approach based on the blackboard architectural model, where a common knowledge base, the "blackboard", is iteratively updated by a diverse group of specialist knowledge sources, starting with a problem specification and ending with a solution.  Each knowledge source updates the blackboard with a partial solution when its internal constraints match the blackboard state.  In this way, the specialists work together to solve the problem.  The blackboard model was originally designed as a way to handle complex, ill-defined problems, where the solution is the sum of its parts.

Knowledge base
In computer science, a knowledge base (KB) is a set of sentences, each sentence given in a knowledge representation language, with interfaces to tell new sentences and to ask questions about what is known, where either of these interfaces might use inference. It is a technology used to store complex structured data used by a computer system. The initial use of the term was in connection with expert systems, which were the first knowledge-based systems.
Synothele butleri
Synothele butleri is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven. The specific epithet butleri honours naturalist, environmental consultant and television presenter Harry Butler (1930–2015).

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
İnanlı, Yüksekova
İnanlı (Kurdish: Xalanê) is a neighborhood in Yüksekova in Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. It had a population of 2,863 in 2023.

İnanlı was a village until 2023

The locals are sheep herders.

Yüksekova District
Yüksekova District is a district in the Hakkâri Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city Yüksekova. Its area is 2,547 km2 and had a population of 121,969 people in 2023. It borders Iran to the east, and Kurdistan Region of Iraq to the south.
Ballantynes fire
On Tuesday, 18 November 1947, a fire engulfed the Ballantynes department store in central Christchurch, New Zealand, resulting in the death of 41 people. It remains the deadliest fire in New Zealand's history.

Ballantynes
J. Ballantyne & Co. Ltd., trading as Ballantynes is a New Zealand luxury department store chain founded in 1854. It is the oldest operating department store in New Zealand and a member of the  Intercontinental Group of Department Stores.

As of 2025, Ballantynes operates three stores around the South Island of New Zealand; a flagship location in Christchurch, alongside branches in Timaru and Invercargill.
Tomorrow's Melody
Tomorrow's Melody (Swedish: Morgondagens melodi) is a 1942 Swedish drama film directed by Ragnar Frisk and starring Viveca Lindfors, Nils Lundell and Björn Berglund. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bertil Duroj. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm and the city's PUB department store.

PUB (Stockholm)
PUB was one of the major department stores in Stockholm, Sweden, located in two buildings at Hötorget, Stockholm city center. PUB was opened in 1882 and rapidly expanded. The name PUB is for the initials of Paul Urbanus Bergström, the founder of the store, who owned a great deal of buildings and business in the area.

After Bergström's death in 1934, the operations were taken over by Konsum Stockholm, a Swedish consumer association in Stockholm.

In the late 20th century, the upper 4 storeys of the department store were converted into a hotel: the Rica Hotel Kungsgatan, later the Scandic Hotel Kungsgatan. In 2015, plans were announced to close the last remaining portion of the store and convert the entire building to the Scandic Hotel Haymarket.
Ikornnes Church
Ikornnes Church (Norwegian: Ikornnes kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sykkylven Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Ikornnes. It is the church for the Ikornnes parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, brick church was built in a rectangular style in 1978 using plans drawn up by the architect Alf Apalseth. The church seats about 350 people. There is no graveyard around this church, parishioners must use the one around the nearby Sykkylven Church. The building was consecrated on 22 January 1978.

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.
Computerspielemuseum
The Computerspielemuseum (German for "Computer Game Museum") is a German video game museum founded in 1997. From 1997 to 2000, it had a permanent exhibition in Berlin. Afterward, it became an online-only museum. In 2011, the museum reopened its permanent exhibition in Berlin's neighborhood of Friedrichshain, on Karl-Marx-Allee. During the first month of its permanent exhibition, it had 12,000 visitors.

Friedrichshain
Friedrichshain (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪçsˌhaɪn] ⓘ) is a quarter (Ortsteil) of the borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in Berlin, Germany. From its creation in 1920 until 2001, it was a freestanding city borough. Formerly part of East Berlin, it is adjacent to Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Lichtenberg.

Friedrichshain is named after the Volkspark Friedrichshain, a vast green park at the northern border with Prenzlauer Berg. In the Nazi era, the borough was called Horst-Wessel-Stadt. Friedrichshain is one of the trendy districts of Berlin and has experienced gentrification.
Clothing scam companies
Clothing scam companies are companies or gangs that purport to be collecting used good clothes for charities or to be working for charitable causes, when they are in fact working for themselves, selling the clothes overseas and giving little if anything to charitable causes. They are a particular problem in the United Kingdom, where they rely on people's awareness of proper charities established practise of collecting used clothes for good causes. These companies cause major problems for established charities in terms of lost donations and making the public distrustful of all clothes collectors.

Used good
Used goods, also known as secondhand goods, are any item of personal property that have been previously owned by someone else and are offered for sale not as new, including metals in any form except coins that are legal tender. Used goods may be sold in informal settings, such as garage sales, traded at swap meet, or sold in formal retail stores. Used goods may also be given away without payment, especially among family or close friends, as a "hand-me-down," or distributed to people in need by a community organization or non-governmental organization.
Bob Powell
Bob Powell (né Stanley Robert Pawlowski; October 6, 1916 – October 1, 1967) was an American comic book artist known for his work during the 1930–1940s Golden Age of comic books, including on the features "Sheena, Queen of the Jungle" and "Mr. Mystic". He received a belated credit in 1999 for co-writing the debut of the popular feature "Blackhawk". Powell also did the pencil art for the bubble gum trading card series Mars Attacks. He officially changed his name to S. Robert Powell in 1943.

Non-sports trading card
Non-sport trading cards are a particular kind of collectible card designated as such because trading cards have historically prominently featured athletes from the world of sports as subjects. Non-sports cards are trading cards whose subjects can be virtually anything other than sports-themed.
Robbie Francevic
Robert James Francevic (born Franičević on 18 September 1941 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a retired racing driver who featured prominently in New Zealand and Australia during the 1970s and 1980s. His biggest wins were the inaugural Wellington 500 street race in Wellington, New Zealand in 1985 driving a Volvo 240T, and the 1986 Australian Touring Car Championship, also in a 240T. Francevic's win in the 1986 ATCC was the first and only ATCC win by a non-Australian resident.

Adelaide International Raceway
The Adelaide International Raceway (also known as Adelaide International or  AIR) is a permanent circuit owned by Australian Motorsport Club Limited under the auspices of the Bob Jane Corporation. The circuit is located 26 km (16 mi) north of Adelaide in South Australia on Port Wakefield Road at Virginia, and is adjacent to Adelaide's premier car racing Dirt track racing venue, Speedway City. AIR is owned by the Bob Jane Corporation and run by the Australian Motorsport Club Ltd.
Everything Is Beautiful (Ray Stevens album)
Everything Is Beautiful was Ray Stevens' sixth studio album, released in 1970, as well as his first for Barnaby Records. After making regular appearances on The Andy Williams Show during the show's eleventh season, Stevens left Monument Records in early 1970 and signed with Barnaby (which was owned by Williams).
The album was rush-released to capitalize on the success of the single of the same name, which was the album's sole single. Cover versions include "Get Together," "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head," John Denver's hit "Leaving on a Jet Plane," "A Time for Us," Bob Dylan's song "She Belongs to Me," and two of the Beatles' songs ("She Came in Through the Bathroom Window" and "Something").

The back of the album cover contains a photo of Stevens and Andy Williams.

On May 17, 2005, Collectables Records re-released this album and Stevens' next album Ray Stevens...Unreal!!! together on one CD.

She Belongs to Me
"She Belongs to Me" is a song by Bob Dylan, and was first released as the second track on his 1965 album Bringing It All Back Home.  The song may be about a former girlfriend, Suze Rotolo, or fellow folk singer Joan Baez, contemporary siren Nico, or Sara Lownds, the woman that Dylan would wed in November 1965.
A17 road (Jersey)
The A17 road, more commonly known as La Route du Fort, is a road in Jersey, Channel Islands.

The road connects Weighbridge Place in St Helier to Georgetown in St Saviour. It includes a tunnel under Mont de la Ville (Fort Regent) and part of the former Jersey Eastern Railway. It is a key link between the east of the island and the west of the island as it connects the main roads in the east to Victoria Avenue.

The most well known part of the road is the single-bore tunnel under Fort Regent. It opened on 25 February 1970 after seven years of construction. The cost was £441,550, including £110,000 land acquisition. Since construction there have been a number of improvements to the tunnel, including being resurfaced in 2012. The remainder of the road (opened in 1967) linked Green Street and Roseville Street for the first time and replaced older roads known as Peel Street and Plaisance Road.

St Saviour, Jersey
St Saviour (Jèrriais: St Saûveur; French: Saint-Sauveur) is a parish of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is located directly east of St Helier. It has a population of 13,580. It has a land surface area of 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2) and has a very small coastline at Le Dicq.

The parish is quite urbanised, hosting the suburbs and exurbs for the town of St Helier. The most notable settlement is located around the Five Oaks area in the centre of the parish and Georgetown in the South. The village of Maufant is located on the boundary with St Martin.
Dobrogeanu
Dobrogeanu is a Romanian-language surname literally meaning someone from Dobruja (Romanian: Dobrogea). Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Romanian communist militant, son of Constantin

Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Romanian Marxist theorist

Eugen Dobrogeanu, Romanian officer

Ioan Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Romanian philosopher, essayist, and concert pianist

Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea
Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea or Alexandru Gherea (rendered in Russian as Александр Доброджану-Геря or Доброжану-Гере - Aleksandr Dobrodzhanu-Gerya /Dobrozhanu-Gere; 7 July 1879 —4 November 1937) was a Romanian communist militant and son of socialist, sociologist and literary critic Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea. He used the pseudonyms of G. Alexe and Sașa/Sasha.
Franks Report (1957)
The Franks Report of 1957 was issued by a British committee of inquiry chaired by Sir Oliver Franks in respect of growing concerns as to the range and diversity of tribunals, uncertainty about the procedures they followed and worry over lack of cohesion and supervision. The catalyst for this was the Crichel Down Affair. However, this was a result of a decision by the British Government and the Franks committee was told to limit its discussion to formal statutory procedure and not to go into decisions of the courts or one-off decisions, which excluded the Crichel decision.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Sixth Form College, Farnborough
The Sixth Form College Farnborough is a sixth form college situated in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. It caters for around 3,915 students and admission is mostly from schools in the local areas of Surrey, Hampshire and Berkshire. The college is often referred to as 'Farnborough Sixth' to differentiate it from Farnborough College of Technology.

Sixth form college
A sixth form college is an educational institution, where students aged 16 to 19 study typically for advanced post-school level qualifications such as A Levels, Business and Technology Education Council level 3 (BTEC), and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations and BTEC level 2 qualifications. In many countries this type of educational institute is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the phrase 'sixth form college' as the English name for a lycée (high school).
Marius Avram
Ionuț Marius Avram (born 9 August 1979) is a Romanian former professional football referee who officiated primarily in the Liga I from 2007 to 2020, as well as for FIFA as a FIFA international referee from 2010 to 2020.

Avram became a FIFA referee in 2010. He has refereed at 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, beginning with the match between Kazakhstan and Republic of Ireland.

He retired from refereeing on 17 December 2020, and the last refereed match was FC Dinamo - CFR Cluj (Liga I).

Kazakhstan national football team
The Kazakhstan national football team (Kazakh: Қазақстан Ұлттық футбол құрамасы, Qazaqstan Ūlttyq Futbol qūramasy, [qɑzɑqˈstɑn ʊɫt̚ˈtɤq fʊdˈboɫ qʊrɑmɑˈsə]) represents Kazakhstan in men's international football and it is governed by the Kazakhstan Football Federation. They split from the Soviet Union national team after independence in 1991 and joined the Asian Football Confederation's Central Asian Football Federation. After failing to qualify for the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups, they joined UEFA, but are yet to qualify for a FIFA World Cup or a UEFA European Championship.
Rolando Silva
Rolando Alvaro "Rolo" Silva Iglecia (February 19, 1945 - June 7, 2022), was a Puerto Rican politician from the New Progressive Party (PNP). He served as member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 1981 to 1997.

Silva served in the United States Army as a captain during the Vietnam War. Earned a Juris doctor from the University of Puerto Rico School of Law. He was elected to the Senate of Puerto Rico in the 1980 general election. He represented the District of San Juan. Silva was reelected three more times (1984, 1988, and 1992).

After that, Silva has worked as a Legislative Advisor for the President of the Senate Thomas Rivera Schatz.

Rolando Silva died on a Tuesday June 7, 2022. He was suffering from Alzheimer's disease at an assisted living home at age 77. He was buried at the Puerto Rico National Cemetery in Bayamón, Puerto Rico.

1980 Puerto Rican general election
General elections were held in Puerto Rico on November 4, 1980. Carlos Romero Barceló of the New Progressive Party (PNP) was re-elected Governor. In the House of Representatives elections the PNP received a plurality of votes, but the  Popular Democratic Party won a majority of the seats. They also won a majority of seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 88%.
Mainau Declaration
The Mainau Declaration refers to any one of three socio-political appeals by Nobel laureates who participated in the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, the annual gathering with young scientists at the German town of Lindau. The name denotes that these declarations were presented on Mainau Island in Lake Constance, the traditional venue of the last day of the one-week meeting.

Lindau
Lindau (German: Lindau (Bodensee), Lindau im Bodensee; German: [ˈlɪndaʊ] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Lindou) is a major town and island on the eastern side of Lake Constance (Bodensee in German) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the county (Landkreis) of Lindau, Bavaria and is near the borders of the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, and the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Thurgau. The coat of arms of Lindau town is a linden tree, referring to the supposed origin of the town's name. The historic town of Lindau is located on the 0.68-square-kilometre (0.26 sq mi) island of the same name, which is connected with the mainland by a road bridge and a railway causeway leading to Lindau station.

Lindau is located near the meeting point of the Austrian-German-Swiss tripoint and is nestled on the lake in front of Austria's Pfänder mountain. Lindau is popular with sightseers and vacationers for its medieval town centre and picturesque location on Lake Constance.
John Peltz
John Peltz (April 23, 1861 – February 27, 1906) was an American professional baseball player in the 19th century. Peltz first played with the Indianapolis Hoosiers, in 1884 at the age of 23. He batted .219 and surrendered 38 errors in the outfield. Peltz did not appear in major league baseball until 1890, except for a brief one-game appearance in 1888 with the Baltimore Orioles. In 1890, his last year in the major leagues, he played with three teams, the Brooklyn Gladiators, Syracuse Stars, and the Toledo Maumees. He would continue to play with various minor league clubs until 1893, retiring with the Montgomery Colts. Peltz had a career batting average of .224. He died in New Orleans on February 27, 1906, at the age of 44.

Syracuse Stars (American Association)
The Syracuse Stars were an American baseball team which played one season in the American Association in 1890. They were unrelated to the Syracuse Stars of the National League of 1879. They were based in Syracuse, New York, and played their games at Star Park.
Bill Berrier
William F. Berrier  (born April 21, 1938) is a former baseball manager.

He managed in the Los Angeles Dodgers minor league system for 10 years from 1966-1976. His career managerial record was 1,023-496, a winning percentage of .675. He won the Northwest League championship with the Rogue Valley Dodgers in 1969. Prior to his extensive managerial career, he played in the Dodgers farm system from 1960-1967. After leaving the Dodgers organization, Berrier was the head coach and athletic director at Juniata College until he retired in 2007. He was named to the Juniata College Hall of Fame in 1995, and the Middle Atlantic Conferences Hall of Fame in 2016.

Juniata College
Juniata College (/ˌdʒuːniˈætə/) is a private liberal arts college in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1876 as a co-educational normal school, it was the first college started by members of the Church of the Brethren. It was originally founded as a center for vocational learning for those who could not afford formal education.
Mogam Muppadhu Varusham
Mogam Muppadhu Varusham (transl. Thirty years of admiration) is a 1976 Indian Tamil-language film directed by S. P. Muthuraman and written by Mahendran. The film stars Kamal Haasan, Vijayakumar, Sumithra, Fatafat Jayalaxmi and Sripriya. It is based on the novel of the same name, written by Maniyan and serialised in the magazine Ananda Vikatan. The film was released on 27 November 1976, and became a commercial success.

Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)
Panchaksharam Rangasamy Pillai (born 29 August 1943), known professionally as Vijayakumar, is an Indian actor who works in Tamil cinema. He started his film career in the Tamil film Sri Valli (1961) as a child actor and started playing a lead role from the movie Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974) then he worked in Madhura Geetham (1977) and Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren (1979). He has also acted in Telugu and Malayalam movies. He also worked in television serials like Thangam, Vamsam,  Talambralu, Nandini and Rasaathi. His son is actor Arun Vijay.