hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ronald Ernest Aitchison
Ronald Ernest Aitchison (29 December 1921 – 9 March 1996) was an Australian physicist and electronics engineer who contributed to a range of fields and technologies from solid-state devices to satellite imaging. He was born in Hurstville, New South Wales, Australia on 29 December 1921.

Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).  The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD), a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on rotating disks.
Glastonbudget
Glastonbudget is an annual three-day music festival that takes place at Glastonbudget Turnpost Farm in Wymeswold, Leicestershire, England. The festival has been held since 2005.

Initially started as a festival for tribute bands it has expanded in recent years to include a showcase for new acts as well.

Since 2006, the festival has invited special guests to perform. These have included Chas and Dave (2006), the Neville Staples Specials (2007), Bad Manners (2008) and Chesney Hawkes (2009), Ex Simple Minds (2010), Doctor and the Medics (2011) and Showaddywaddy, the Sweet, and the return of Chesney Hawkes in 2012. In 2013, a 1980s revival took place with ABC, Howard Jones, the Christians, and Heaven 17 playing the main stage.

Ex-Simple Minds
Ex-Simple Minds (or XSM) are a Scottish new wave/rock band, formed in 2009 by Derek Forbes and Brian McGee, both former members of the new wave bands Simple Minds and Propaganda. The band's original lead singer was McGee's younger brother, Owen Paul, but due to other commitments, Paul left the band and was replaced by singer George Porter in 2011. When Porter left the band, Paul briefly returned then was replaced by Eddie Beggan in June 2012. Derek Forbes left XSM to join Big Country in 2012 and performed his last gig in Spain in 2013.
Nostrana (restaurant)
Nostrana is an Italian restaurant and pizzeria in southeast Portland, Oregon, United States. Cathy Whims opened the restaurant in 2005 and serves as chef and owner. Nostrana serves classic Italian cuisine and has been dubbed "Portland's capital of the Negroni". The restaurant has received a generally positive reception, especially for its pizzas and happy hour menu. In 2018, Whims opened the European wine bar Enoteca Nostrana next door to the restaurant.

Portland Monthly
Portland Monthly (also referred to as Portland Monthly Magazine) is a monthly news and general interest magazine which covers food, politics, business, design, events and culture in Portland, Oregon. The magazine was co-founded in 2003 by siblings Nicole and Scott Vogel. Nicole had previously worked for Cendant Corporation and Time Warner, and Scott had been a journalist at The New York Times. Though the magazine had some trouble with funding in its first year, it grew to a stable circulation of 56,000 and by 2006 was the seventh-largest city magazine in the United States. The circulation as of 2024 is 41,890.

The Portland Monthly has received generally positive reception in other new publications, including a mixed review of the magazine's first issue in The Columbian, and subsequent positive reviews in The Oregonian and The Seattle Times. Rachel Dresbeck wrote favorably of the magazine in her 2007 book Insiders' Guide to Portland, Oregon.
Thomas Kemp (shipbuilder)
Thomas Kemp (28 February 1779 – 2 March 1824) was a Baltimore shipbuilder, known for building some of the fastest and best known privateers of the War of 1812, such as Rossie, Comet, Patapsco, Chasseur, and Lynx.

Thomas Boyle
Thomas Boyle (29 June 1775 – 12 October 1825), an Irish American, as a captain of the schooner Comet and the clipper Chasseur, was one of the most successful Baltimore privateers during the War of 1812. He briefly served in the United States Navy during the same war.
Saggar
A saggar (also misspelled as sagger or segger) is a type of kiln furniture. It is a ceramic boxlike container used in the firing of pottery to enclose or protect ware being fired inside a kiln. The name may be a contraction of the word safeguard.

Saggars are still used in the production of ceramics to shield ware from the direct contact of flames and from damage by kiln debris.

Traditionally, saggars were made primarily from fireclay. Saggars have been used to protect, or safeguard, ware from open flame, smoke, gases and kiln debris: Modern saggars are made of alumina ceramic, cordierite ceramic, mullite ceramic, silicon carbide and in special cases from zirconia.

Zirconium dioxide
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zirconium silicate or zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium. Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure, is the mineral baddeleyite. A dopant stabilized cubic structured zirconia, cubic zirconia, is synthesized in various colours for use as a gemstone and a diamond simulant.
Nafia
Nafia (Arabic: نافعة, romanized: Nāfiʾa, also transliterated Nafi'ya) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located west of Daraa. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Nafia had a population of 2,673 in the 2004 census.

Daraa Governorate
Daraa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة درعا Muḥāfaẓat Dar‘ā) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the south-west of the country and covers an area of 2594 km2. It is bordered by Jordan to the south, Quneitra Governorate and Golan Heights to the west, Rif Dimashq Governorate to the north and Suwayda Governorate to the east. The capital is the city of Daraa.

The governorate had a population of 843,478 in the 2004 census.
Several clashes have occurred within the governorate throughout the Syrian civil war.
Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun
The Hotchkiss M1909 machine gun was a light machine gun of the early 20th century that was developed and built by Hotchkiss et Cie. It was also known as the Hotchkiss Mark I, Hotchkiss Portative and M1909 Benét–Mercié.

Belt (firearms)
An ammunition belt is a firearm device used to package and feed cartridges, typically for rapid-firing automatic weapons such as machine guns. Belt-fed systems minimize the proportional weight of the ammunition apparatus to the entire weapon system, allowing high rates of continuous fire without needing frequent magazine changes. The capacity of belts and associated belt containers is typically a function of weight and bulk, and their size is limited by caliber and the combined portability of the weapon and ammunition. Typical capacities for man-portable weapon systems range from 50 to 300 rounds of ammunition.
Chikara Onodera
Chikara Onodera (小野寺 力, Onodera Chikara; born November 26, 1980) is a Japanese former professional baseball closing pitcher. He played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Seibu Lions / Saitama Seibu Lions and Tokyo Yakult Swallows from 2003 to 2012.

Saitama Seibu Lions
The Saitama Seibu Lions (埼玉西武ライオンズ, Saitama Seibu Raionzu) are a professional baseball team in Japan's Pacific League based north of Tokyo in Tokorozawa, Saitama Prefecture. Before 1979, they were based in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, in Kyushu. The team is owned by a subsidiary of Seibu Railway, which in turn is owned by the Seibu Holdings. The team experienced a recent period of financial difficulty, but the situation brightened when the team received a record ¥6 billion (about $51.11 million) posting fee from the Boston Red Sox for the right to negotiate a contract with Daisuke Matsuzaka. Between 1978 and 2008, the team logo and mascot were based on the adult version of Kimba the White Lion, a classic Japanese anime and manga series by Osamu Tezuka. In 2004, former Seibu Lions player Kazuo Matsui became the first Japanese infielder to play in Major League Baseball.
Paroa Tehsil
Paroa is a tehsil located in Dera Ismail Khan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population was 292,466, at the 2017 census. According to the 2023 Census of Pakistan, the population of the tehsil is 320,937.

2023 Pakistani census
The 2023 Census of Pakistan was the seventh national census and detailed enumeration of the Pakistani population. It was conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. It was also the first ever digital census to be held in Pakistan, and the first in South Asian history. It is the most recent census in Pakistan.

The census was initially held from 1 March 2023 to 1 April 2023. However, enumeration was later extended several times until 30 May 2023, because of incomplete enumeration in large cities such as Karachi, Lahore, and Faisalabad, where people are more mobile and therefore harder to count, and in remote and rural Balochistan. The extension was also used by PBS officials and census takers for quality reviews, to check if all households and people were properly counted in each area. The 2023 census recorded a total population throughout the country of 241,499,431 (excluding Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir).
Paul MacKinnon
Paul Gregory MacKinnon (born November 6, 1958) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman.

MacKinnon was born in Brantford, Ontario. Selected by the Washington Capitals in the 1978 NHL Entry Draft, MacKinnon signed to play with the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association.  The Capitals reclaimed MacKinnon back prior to the 1979–80 season, where he played until the end of the 1983–84 NHL season.

1978 NHL amateur draft
The 1978 NHL amateur draft was the 16th NHL entry draft. It was hosted at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Quebec, on June 15, 1978. It was the last draft to be called the "amateur draft" before the process was renamed to the NHL entry draft in 1979.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Viacheslav Fetisov, who retired after the 1997–98 season, although he was re-drafted in 1983.
Postanalytic philosophy
Postanalytic philosophy describes a detachment from the mainstream philosophical movement of analytic philosophy, which is the predominant school of thought in English-speaking countries. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines the movement as denoting "philosophers who owe much to Analytic philosophy but who think that they have made some significant departure from it." The movement cannot be unified into a single positive project as it is defined in terms of what it stands against, although it has generally been seen as bridging the gap between analytic and continental philosophy.: 7

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) is a scholarly online encyclopedia with around 900 articles about philosophy, philosophers, and related topics. The IEP publishes only peer-reviewed and blind-refereed original papers. Contribution is generally by invitation. Contributors come from 35 countries, according to the encyclopedia's "representative list", and are recognized as leading international specialists within their field.
Martin Rueda
Martin Rueda Godoy (born 9 January 1963) is a Swiss former professional footballer and  manager who played as a defender. His parents are Spanish and originally from Málaga. His last managing appointment was as interim head coach of Neuchâtel Xamax in the Swiss Super League. He is currently the assistant coach to Fabio Celestini at FC Basel in the Swiss Super League.

Rueda played for Grasshopper Club Zürich, FC Wettingen, FC Luzern, Neuchâtel Xamax and was in the Swiss squad at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. He earned five caps in total.

He previously coached FC Wohlen, FC Winterthur, FC Aarau and Grasshopper Club Zürich U-16 and U-18.

FC Wohlen
FC Wohlen is a Swiss football club based in the town Wohlen in Canton Aargau. They currently play in the 1. Liga Classic, the fourth tier of Swiss football.

The club was founded in May 1904 and holds the honour of being the oldest football club in Switzerland that is not in a city. From 1930 to 1932 the team played in the Swiss Super League, the highest league in Switzerland, but mostly it has played in the 2nd or 3rd tiers. The greatest success of their recent history was their promotion to the Challenge League in 2002. In the autumn of 2004 they moved into their new stadium, Stadion Niedermatten.

The most famous former player is Ciriaco Sforza.
Tankōbon
A tankōbon (単行本; lit. 'independent/standalone book') is a standard publishing format for books in Japan, alongside other formats such as shinsho (17×11 cm paperback books) and bunkobon. Used as a loanword in English, the term specifically refers to a printed collection of a manga that was previously published in a serialized format. Manga tankōbon typically contain a handful of chapters, and may collect multiple volumes as a series continues publication.

Major publishing imprints for tankōbon of manga include Jump Comics (for serials in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump and other Jump magazines), Kodansha's Shōnen Magazine Comics, Shogakukan's Shōnen Sunday Comics, and Akita Shoten’s Shōnen Champion Comics.

Weekly Shōnen Sunday
Weekly Shōnen Sunday (Japanese: 週刊少年サンデー, Hepburn: Shūkan Shōnen Sandē) is a weekly shōnen manga magazine published in Japan by Shogakukan since March 1959. Contrary to its title, Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues are released on Wednesdays. Weekly Shōnen Sunday has sold over 1.8 billion copies since 1986, making it the fourth best selling manga magazine, only behind Weekly Shōnen Jump, Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Weekly Young Jump.
Osgoode Hall Law School
Osgoode Hall Law School, commonly shortened to Osgoode, is the law school of York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is home to the Law Commission of Ontario, the Journal of Law and Social Policy, and the Osgoode Hall Law Journal. A variety of J.D. LL.M. and Ph.D. degrees in law are available. Osgoode is widely considered to be one of the top law schools in Canada, ranking second in the country according to the most recent rankings by Maclean.

The law school's alumni include two Canadian prime ministers, four Attorneys General, eight premiers of Ontario, four Mayors of Toronto, eleven Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, four of whom were Chief Justices, and one Academy Award nominee. The current dean of the law school is Trevor C.W. Farrow.

Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada
The minister of justice and attorney general of Canada (French: ministre de la justice et procureur général du Canada) is a dual-role portfolio in the Canadian Cabinet.

The officeholder in the role of Minister of Justice (Ministre de la Justice) serves as the minister of the Crown responsible for the Department of Justice and the justice portfolio, and in the role of Attorney General (Procureur général), litigates on behalf of the Crown and serves as the chief legal advisor to the Government of Canada. (Though most prosecution functions of the attorney general have been assigned to the Public Prosecution Service of Canada. The attorney general is supported in this role by the director of public prosecutions, who is simultaneously the deputy attorney general.)
Earth vs the Wildhearts
Earth vs the Wildhearts is the debut studio album by British rock band the Wildhearts, released in 1993. The title is based on such B-movie titles as Earth vs. the Flying Saucers and Earth vs. the Spider.

The album has been reissued twice: first in 1994 with the addition of the formerly single-only track "Caffeine Bomb", and again in 2010 with several B-sides from the period.

Earth vs. the Flying Saucers
Earth vs. the Flying Saucers (a.k.a. Invasion of the Flying Saucers and Flying Saucers from Outer Space) is a 1956 American science fiction film from Columbia Pictures. It was produced by Charles H. Schneer, directed by Fred F. Sears, and stars Hugh Marlowe and Joan Taylor. The stop-motion animation special effects were created by Ray Harryhausen. The storyline was suggested by the bestselling 1953 non-fiction book Flying Saucers from Outer Space by Maj. Donald Keyhoe. The film was released as a double feature with The Werewolf.
Miriam Diamond
Miriam L. Diamond (born 1955) is a Canadian environmental chemist and a professor at the University of Toronto. She started the Diamond Environmental Research Group, which works to develop strategies that reduce dangerous contaminants in the environment.

Diamond has been appointed to numerous departments at various universities, she is a member of Scientists 4 CEPA, an editor at the Environmental Science & Technology journal, and a former co-chair of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment's Toxic Reduction Scientific Expert Panel.

Environmental Science & Technology
Environmental Science & Technology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1967 by the American Chemical Society. It covers research in environmental science and environmental technology, including environmental policy. Environmental Science & Technology has a sister journal, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, which publishes short communications.

The editor-in-chief of Environmental Science & Technology is Prof. Julie Zimmerman (Yale University).  Previous editors have been: David Sedlak (University of California, Berkeley, 2014 - 2020), James J. Morgan (California Institute of Technology; founding editor, 1967–1975), Russell F. Christman (University of North Carolina, 1975–1987), William H. Glaze (University of North Carolina, 1987–2003) and Jerald L. Schnoor (University of Iowa, 2002–2014).
Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion
On 11 July 2011, at Evangelos Florakis Naval Base, situated at Mari, Larnaca District in Cyprus, a large amount of ammunition and military explosives self-detonated, killing 13 people, including the Commander of the Cyprus Navy, Andreas Ioannides, the base commander, Lambros Lambrou, and six firefighters. A further 62 people were injured. So intense was the explosion that debris was blown as far as 3km (2 miles) from the base. The explosion was the worst peacetime military accident ever recorded in Cyprus, with a yield of approximately 481 tons TNT equivalent, as determined by the official investigation into the accident. It was the largest artificial non-nuclear explosion of the 21st century until the 2020 Beirut explosions.

TNT equivalent
TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. A ton of TNT equivalent is a unit of energy defined by convention to be 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). It is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (megagram) of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released.
This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy.
A related concept is the physical quantity TNT-equivalent mass (or mass of TNT equivalent), expressed in the ordinary units of mass and its multiples: kilogram (kg), megagram (Mg) or tonne (t), etc.
Sundaland
Sundaland (also called Sundaica or the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeast Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower. It includes Bali, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra in Indonesia, and their surrounding small islands, as well as the Malay Peninsula on Mainland Southeast Asia.

Δ18O
In  geochemistry, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography δ18O or delta-O-18 is a measure of the deviation in ratio of stable isotopes oxygen-18 (18O) and oxygen-16 (16O). 
It is commonly used as a measure of the temperature of precipitation, as a measure of groundwater/mineral interactions, and as an indicator of processes that show isotopic fractionation, like methanogenesis. 
In paleosciences, 18O:16O data from corals, foraminifera and ice cores are used as a proxy for temperature.

It is defined as the deviation in "per mil" (‰, parts per thousand) between a sample and a standard:

‰

where the standard has a known isotopic composition, such as Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW).   The fractionation can arise from kinetic, equilibrium, or mass-independent fractionation.
Lithuania men's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team
The Lithuania men's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team (Lithuanian: Lietuvos nacionalinė vaikinų jaunių iki 18 ir jaunimo iki 19 krepšinio rinktinė), is the representative for Lithuania in international under-18 and under-19 men's basketball competitions, and it is organized and run by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation.

The team represents Lithuania at the FIBA U18 EuroBasket and at the FIBA U19 World Cup.

Lithuanian Basketball Federation
The Lithuanian Basketball Federation (Lithuanian: Lietuvos krepšinio federacija), also known as LKF, is a national governing body of basketball in Lithuania. It was founded in 1936, but due to Soviet occupation, the federation disappeared from FIBA. It was reinstated in 1991, following the Independence of Lithuania. In 2011, the famous basketball player, Arvydas Sabonis, was elected as the commissioner of the federation.
Wexford County Council
Wexford County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Loch Garman) is the local authority of County Wexford, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 34 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, currently Eddie Taaffe. The county town is Wexford.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
4th Rapid Deployment Brigade (Czech Republic)
The 4th (Czech) Rapid Deployment Brigade (4. brigáda rychlého nasazení) is a brigade of the Army of the Czech Republic. It is assigned to the NATO Allied Rapid Reaction Corps. Units from the brigade have deployed as part of KFOR, ISAF and EUTM Mali. Elements of the brigade were deployed in  support of the emergency services during the floods in 1997, 2002 and 2013. The brigade consists of three battalions and is considered as spearhead of the Army of the Czech Republic. It builds the core of the 4th Brigade Task Force. For 29 years soldiers of the brigade wore maroon berets as elements of the brigade were trained as paratroopers, especially 43rd Airborne Battalion. In June 2023 the whole brigade changed to the new khaki berets as the rest of the ground forces.

Jindřichův Hradec
Jindřichův Hradec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪndr̝ɪxuːf ˈɦradɛts] ⓘ; German: Neuhaus) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 21,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.