hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jingmen–Shashi railway
Jingmen–Shashi railway or Jingsha railway (simplified Chinese: 荆沙铁路; traditional Chinese: 荊沙鐵路; pinyin: jīngshā tiělù), is a single-track regional railroad in Hubei Province of central China between Jingmen and Shashi District of Jingzhou.  The line is 74.1 km (46 mi) long, and was built between 1986 and 1989. It opened in May 1989. The line runs from Shashi on the Yangtze River north to Jingmen and is used to carry freight, including coal and iron ore.  The line's five stations are Jingmen South, Tuanlin, Shayang, Jingzhou North and Shashi.

Shashi, Jingzhou
See Shashi for namesakes

Shashi (Chinese: 沙市; pinyin: Shāshì) is a district within the main urban area of Jingzhou, Hubei province, China. It is located on the left (northern) bank of the Yangtze River, between  Yichang and Wuhan.
Ntambanana Local Municipality elections
The Ntambanana Local Municipality was a local municipality within the uThungulu District of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. In 2016 the municipality was dissolved and its territory divided between Mthonjaneni Local Municipality, uMhlathuze Local Municipality and uMfolozi Local Municipality.

UMfolozi Local Municipality
uMfolozi Local Municipality (formerly Mbonambi Local Municipality) is a local municipality within the King Cetshwayo District Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. It is situated around the town of KwaMbonambi, to the north of Richard's Bay, stretching from the Indian Ocean to the edge of the Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park.

It was originally named Mbonambi Local Municipality, renamed to Mfolozi Local Municipality on 21 May 2009,  and renamed again to uMfolozi Local Municipality on 12 February 2015. The name "Mbonambi" refers to the Mbonambi Local Tribal Authority, which covers most of the municipal area. The name Mfolozi/uMfolozi refers to the Umfolozi River which forms the northern boundary of the municipality.

The municipality was enlarged at the time of the South African municipal election, 2016 when part of the disbanded Ntambanana Local Municipality was merged into it.
Galvani potential
In electrochemistry, the Galvani potential (also called Galvani potential difference, or inner potential difference, Δφ, delta phi) is the electric potential difference between two points in the bulk of two phases. These phases can be two different solids (e.g., two metals joined), or a solid and a liquid (e.g., a metal electrode submerged in an electrolyte).

The Galvani potential is named after Luigi Galvani.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Microsteus
Microsteus is an extinct genus of small selenosteid arthrodire placoderms known from the Upper Frasnian Kellwasserkalk facies of Late Devonian Germany.: 96

There are three species, M. dubius (the type species), M. angusticeps, and M. gracilis.  M. angusticeps differs from the type species in having a head with an angular profile, and M. gracilis differs from the other two species by being somewhat narrower in cross-section.  Denison (1978) suggests that M. angusticeps and M. gracilis do not have enough differences from M. dubius to merit separate species status, but other authors, such as Rücklin 2011, treat the three as separate species.

M. angusticeps and M. gracilis originally composed the genus Parawalterosteus.  However, Denison (1978) points out that the two species are not distinct from Microsteus, and synonymized Parawalterosteus with the former genus.

Arthrodira
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of placoderms.
Suriname at the 2015 Pan American Games
Suriname competed in the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada from July 10 to 26, 2015.

On July 4, 2015 a team of 9 athletes in 5 sports was announced to represent the country at the games.

Swimmer Chinyere Pigot was the flagbearer for the team during the opening ceremony.

Chinyere Pigot
Chinyere Pigot is a Surinamese swimmer living in Miami, Florida, who attended the University of Connecticut and participated on a collegiate level. Pigot competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics at age fifteen on Suriname's behalf. She used to attend Doral Academy Charter High School in 2011. She was Suriname's flag bearer at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Benthorn
Benthorn is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located in the municipality of Alphen aan den Rijn, about 2 km east of the centre of Benthuizen.

Benthorn used to be a heerlijkheid (manor), owned by the States of Holland and West Friesland. It was sold to Adam Adriaan van der Duyn, lord of 's Gravemoer, in 1724. In 1812, Benthorn became a part of the municipality of Hazerswoude, but on 1 April 1817 it became a separate municipality again.

According to the 19th-century historian A.J. van der Aa, in 1840 Benthorn consisted of 0.85 square km and had 10 inhabitants in 2 houses. Because of the small size of the municipality, it was merged into  Benthuizen in 1847.

Part of the hamlet had to be demolished for the construction of the high speed railway HSL-Zuid, and only three farms remain. The name of the hamlet no longer appears on recent topographical maps of the area.

Heerlijkheid
A heerlijkheid (a Dutch word; pl. heerlijkheden; also called heerschap; Latin: Dominium) was a landed estate that served as the lowest administrative and judicial unit in rural areas in the Dutch-speaking Low Countries before 1800. It originated as a unit of lordship under the feudal system during the Middle Ages. The English equivalents are manor, seigniory and lordship. The German equivalent is Herrschaft. The heerlijkheid system was the Dutch version of manorialism that prevailed in the Low Countries and was the precursor to the modern municipality system in the Netherlands and Flemish Belgium.
Let's Get Married (1960 film)
Let's Get Married is a 1960 British comedy drama film starring Anthony Newley, Anne Aubrey and Hermione Baddeley. It was written by Ken Taylor. The film features Newley singing the song "Do You Mind", which reached #1 in the British Hit Singles chart the same year.

Its director Peter Graham Scott said it was " not a good film – not my script and not my scene."

Peter Graham Scott
Peter Graham Scott (27 October 1923 – 5 August 2007) was an English television and film producer, television director, film director, film editor and screenwriter. He was one of the producers and directors who shaped British television drama in its formative years and his background in film editing and directing helped to move television out of an era of studio-bound productions and towards programmes that owed more to cinema than to the stage.
Trimethadione
Trimethadione (Tridione) is an oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant. It is most commonly used to treat epileptic conditions that are resistant to other treatments.

It is primarily effective in treating absence seizures, but can also be used in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. It is usually administered 3 or 4 times daily, with the total daily dose ranging from 900 mg to 2.4 g. Treatment is most effective when the concentration of its active metabolite, dimethadione, is above 700 μg/mL. Severe adverse reactions are possible, including Steven Johnson syndrome, nephrotoxicity, hepatitis, aplastic anemia, neutropenia, or agranulocytosis. More common adverse effects include drowsiness, hemeralopia, and hiccups.

Nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. There are various forms, and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.

Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with some medications predominantly excreted by the kidneys needing their dose adjusted for the decreased kidney function (e.g., heparin, lithium).
Overload (magazine)
Overload is a bi-monthly professional computer magazine published by ACCU, that was established in 1993 and is edited by Frances Buontempo. It aims to "publish a high standard of articles about all aspects of software development". All issues of Overload, starting from August 1998, are available online.

Bjarne Stroustrup
Bjarne Stroustrup (/ˈbjɑːrnə ˈstrɒvstrʊp/ ⓘ; Danish: [ˈbjɑːnə ˈstʁʌwˀstʁɔp]; born 30 December 1950) is a Danish computer scientist, known for the development of the C++ programming language. He led the Large-scale Programming Research department at Bell Labs, served as a professor of computer science at Texas A&M University, and spent over a decade at Morgan Stanley while also being a visiting professor at Columbia University. Since 2022 he has been a full professor at Columbia.
R.B. Outhwaite
R.B. (Brian) Outhwaite (1935–2005) was a social, legal and economic historian. For the last 31 years of his life, he was a member of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he was, latterly, Director of Studies.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
Terani
Terani is a village located in the south west of Maharashtra, state of India. Administered by a Gram Panchayat, it is located in the Gadhinglaj taluka of Kolhapur district. It is situated at the border of Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Terani is surrounded by mountains and hills. The village also has its own water dam. This dam water is used for agriculture and for drinking purposes. Primary Education is available both in Marathi and Urdu language. Secondary school and junior college are also available in the Marathi language. People belong to different castes and communities with their unique cultures. The majority are  Maratha,Lingayat & Vani, Kunbi, Muslim, Berad, Bhoi, Dhangar, Sutar, Lohar, Mahar, Matang.
The majority are Maratha Ingawale, Narewadi, Uthale, Mangale.

Kolhapur district
Kolhapur district (Marathi pronunciation: [kolʱaːpuɾ]) is a district in the Maharashtra state of India. The city of Kolhapur is its district headquarter. It is situated near Panchaganga river.

It is bordered by the Sangli district to the north, by Ratnagiri district, Sindhudurg to the west and by Karnataka state to the east.

Kolhapur was a princely state during British rule in India. Shahu Maharaj ruled the state from 1894 to 1922 and worked toward its social and educational development. Kolhapur was a major hub of the Marathi film industry and was known as Chitranagari. It is now known as Bhalji Pendharkar Chitranagari.
Riska FK
Riska Fotballklubb is a Norwegian association football club from the borough of Riska in the city of Sandnes.

The men's football team currently plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. The team was newly promoted for 2015, and in recent times they had sporadic Third Division seasons in 1995, 1996, 2004 and 2010. The team colours are yellow and black.

Norwegian Third Division
The Norwegian Third Division, also called Norsk Tipping-Ligaen, is the fourth highest division of the men's football league in Norway. Like the rest of the Norwegian football league system, the season runs from spring to autumn, running approximately from April to October. After the 2010 season, the league was reorganised, reducing the number of teams to 164 and halving the number of parallel sections from 24 to 12. After the 2016 season, the league was again reorganised, reducing the number of teams from 164 to 84, and halved the number of groups from twelve to six.

All six group winners promote to 2. divisjon, while the bottom four in all groups are relegated to 4. divisjon.
Get Some Go Again Sessions
Get Some Go Again Sessions is a 2005 double album by the Rollins Band, although on this release it is credited to Henry Rollins & Mother Superior.

This album contains the original Get Some Go Again album plus the remaining tracks from session (previously released on their own as Yellow Blues), as well as two live tracks and two videos. The original concept for Get Some Go Again album was this two disc set, but DreamWorks would not release it. This led Rollins to reissue the title on his own label after parting company with DreamWorks, which he calls "not a very good label" in the album's liner notes.

Mother Superior (band)
Mother Superior was an American hard rock band based in Los Angeles and active from 1993 to 2011. A power trio, they originally consisted of guitarist/vocalist Jim Wilson, bassist Marcus Blake and drummer Jason Mackenroth. Mother Superior released eight studio albums.
Conservatoire botanique national alpin de Gap-Charance
The Conservatoire botanique national alpin is a national conservatory specializing in alpine plants, located in the Domaine de Charance, about 4 km northwest of Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.

The conservatory was established in 1993 by national statute to study and conserve alpine species in now seven adjacent French departments: Ain, Alpes de Haute-Provence, Hautes-Alpes, Drôme, Isère, Savoie, and Haute-Savoie. It is housed within the old stables of the domain, and maintains a small garden with greenhouses as well as an herbarium of about 100000 specimens.

The larger municipal Domaine de Charance comprises 220 hectares, with terraced garden, English park, and about 1500 varieties of old roses, 800 varieties of pears, and 550 varieties of apple trees.

Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
Australian Capital Territory Ice Hockey Association
The Australian Capital Territory Ice Hockey Association, currently trading as Ice Hockey ACT is the governing body of ice hockey in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The Australian Capital Territory Ice Hockey Association is a branch of Ice Hockey Australia.

Canberra Knights
The Canberra Knights were a semi-professional ice hockey team in the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). The team played its home games at the Phillip Swimming & Ice Skating Centre in Phillip, a suburb of Australia's capital city, Canberra. In February 2014 the team owner announced that operations would fold due to financial costs, lack of local players and poor performance. They were replaced in the league by the CBR Brave. The Knights were only ever premiers once, in 1998, in the now defunct East Coast Super League, and never made the finals since the formation of the AIHL.
Tatian
Tatian of Adiabene, or Tatian the Syrian or Tatian the Assyrian, (/ˈteɪʃən, -iən/; Latin: Tatianus; Ancient Greek: Τατιανός; Classical Syriac: ܛܛܝܢܘܣ; c. 120 – c. 180 AD) was an Assyrian Christian writer and theologian of the 2nd century.

Tatian's most influential work is the Diatessaron, a Biblical paraphrase, or "harmony", of the four gospels that became the standard text of the four gospels in the Syriac-speaking churches until the 5th-century, after which it gave way to the four separate gospels in the Peshitta version.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
Animals (American TV series)
Animals (stylised Animals.) is an American adult animated comedy television series created by Phil Matarese and Mike Luciano. The first two episodes were independently produced and presented at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2015. In May 2015, HBO picked the series up with a two-season order, which premiered on February 5, 2016. The series was renewed for a third season on May 19, 2017. Season 3 premiered on August 3, 2018. In October 2018, it was announced that HBO had canceled the series.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Higher Education (journal)
Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering educational developments throughout the world in universities, polytechnics, colleges, and vocational and educational institutions. The journal reports on developments in both public and private higher education. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 3.0.

Educational institution
An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education, including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities.  They provide a large variety of learning environments and learning spaces.
Al-Khazneh
Al-Khazneh (Arabic: الخزنة; IPA: [al.xaz.na], "The Treasury"), also known as Khaznat el-Far'oun (treasury of the pharaoh), is one of the most elaborate rock-cut tombs in Petra, a city of the Nabatean Kingdom inhabited by the Arabs in ancient times. As with most of the other buildings in this ancient town, including the Monastery (Arabic: Ad Deir), this structure was carved out of a sandstone rock face.

It is thought that Al-Khazneh was built as a mausoleum and crypt at the beginning of the 1st century AD during the reign of Aretas IV Philopatris.

It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in both Jordan and the region.

Aretas IV Philopatris
Aretas IV Philopatris (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢊𐢛𐢞𐢞 𐢛𐢊𐢒 𐢗𐢓𐢆‎, romanized: Ḥārītaṯ Rāḥem-ʿammeh, lit. 'Aretas, friend of his people' or, "lover of his people") was the King of the Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to 40 AD.

Aretas' daughter Phasaelis was married to, and divorced from, Herod Antipas. Herod then married Herodias, his stepbrother's wife. It was John the Baptist's opposition to this marriage that led to his beheading. After Aretas received news of the divorce, he invaded the territory of Herod Antipas and defeated his army. Like his predecessors, the king's name as transcribed in Arabic is الحارث‎, Al Ḥāriṯ or الحارثة‎, Al-Ḥāriṯa, stemming from Harith which means "the collector, provider; plowman; cultivator".
United States District Court for the District of South Dakota
The United States District Court for the District of South Dakota (in case citations, D.S.D.) is the United States District Court or the Federal district court, whose jurisdiction for issues pertaining to federal law or diversity for the state of South Dakota.  The court is based in Sioux Falls with other courthouses in Rapid City, Pierre, and Aberdeen.  The district was created in 1889, when the Dakota Territory was divided into North and South Dakota.

Appeals from the District of South Dakota are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of South Dakota represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of April 22, 2022 the  United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota is Allison J. Ramsdell.

Tucker Act
The Tucker Act (March 3, 1887, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505, 28 U.S.C. § 1491) is a federal statute of the United States by which the United States government has waived its sovereign immunity with respect to certain lawsuits.

The Tucker Act may be divided into the "Big" Tucker Act, which applies to claims above $10,000 and gives jurisdiction to the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the "Little" Tucker Act (28 U.S.C. § 1346), the current version of which gives concurrent jurisdiction to the Court of Federal Claims and the District Courts "for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal-revenue laws", and for claims below $10,000.