hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cuthbert Thomas Martin
Brigadier-General Cuthbert Thomas Martin, DSO* (December 1877 – 27 May 1918) was a British Army officer. He was killed by a shell during the Third Battle of the Aisne while commanding the 151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade. Brigadier-General Edward Riddell, who was with him, was wounded at the same time.

151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade
The Durham Light Infantry Brigade was formed in 1902 to command the part-time Volunteer battalions of the Durham Light Infantry (DLI). Previously these had been in a combined Tyne and Tees Brigade with battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers. It consisted of the 1st–4th Volunteer Battalions of the DLI (the 5th VB had remained in the Tyne Brigade), which were renumbered as the 5th–8th Battalions when the Volunteers were subsumed into the Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908. Consisting of 6th–9th Battalions (the 5th Bn joined the York and Durham Brigade), it became part of the TF's Northumbrian Division. During World War I it was numbered as the 151st (Durham Light Infantry) Brigade on 14 May 1915, when the division became the 50th (Northumbrian) Division. The TF also raised 2nd Line units and formations, and the 190th (2nd Durham Light Infantry) Brigade was formed in 63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division. The 1st Line battalions adopted the prefix '1/'
Zamora, Michoacán
Zamora de Hidalgo (Spanish pronunciation: [saˈmoɾa de iˈdalɢo]) is a city in the Mexican state of Michoacán. The 2010 census population was 141,627, making it the third largest city in the state. The city is the municipal seat of Zamora Municipality, which has an area of 330.97 km2 (127.79 sq mi) and includes many other smaller communities, the largest of which is Ario de Rayón (formerly known as 
Ario de Santa Mónica). The municipality's population is around 186,102, which makes it the second most populous urban area in the state.

The city of Zamora is an important economic center in the state and the most significant population center between the cities of Morelia and Guadalajara. The city is located on the Tarascan Plateau in the northwestern part of the state, at an elevation of 1,567 m (5,141 ft) above sea level. Zamora is surrounded by the fertile Tziróndaro Valley which is an important agricultural area that exports large amounts of produce to the United States.

Zamora, Spain
Zamora (Spanish: [θaˈmoɾa] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital of the province of Zamora. The city straddles the Duero river. With its 24 characteristic Romanesque style churches of the 12th and 13th centuries it has been called a "museum of Romanesque art". Zamora is the city with the most Romanesque churches in all of Europe. The most important celebration in Zamora is Holy Week.

Zamora is part of the natural comarca of Tierra del Pan and it is the head of the judicial district of Zamora.
Euosmylus
Euosmylus stellae is an endemic species of New Zealand lacewing that was first described by Robert McLachlan in 1899. It is the only species in the genus Euosmylus. The species ranges from the North Island Volcanic Plateau to the middle of the South Island, including Arthur's Pass and the Ashley Gorge. It was named in honour of George Hudson's daughter Stella.

Arthur's Pass (mountain pass)
Arthur's Pass is a mountain pass in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand. The pass sits 920 metres or 3,020 feet above sea level and marks part of the boundary between the West Coast and Canterbury regions. Located 140 km from Christchurch and 95 km from Greymouth, the pass comprises part of a saddle between the valleys of the Ōtira River (a tributary of the Taramakau River in the west) and of the Bealey River (in the east). Arthur's Pass lies on the border of the Selwyn and Westland districts.

A township of the same name lies about 5 km south of the mountain pass. The pass is named after Arthur Dudley Dobson and a memorial at the pass commemorates him.
Iwanthaba
Meidingu Hemtou Iwanthaba or mononymously Iwanthaba (Old Manipuri: ꯢꯋꯥꯟꯊꯥꯄꯥ, romanized: Iwanthapa) was a king of the Ningthouja dynasty of Medieval Manipur who ruled from 1162 CE to 1194 CE. He became the king after he banished his elder brother Atom Yoiremba for trying to introduce primogeniture in the kingdom.

During his reign, the Queen of the Khumans was killed, so all the Khumans were angry and attacked the Meitei kingdom but were defeated. In the battle, about thirty people were captured by the Meiteis with some who fled their homes and some who were killed.

Manipur (princely state)
The Manipur Kingdom, also known as Meckley,
was an ancient kingdom at the India–Burma frontier. Historically, Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by a Meitei dynasty. But it was also invaded and ruled over by Burmese kingdom at various point of time. It became a protectorate of the British East India Company from 1824, and a princely state of the British Raj in 1891. The princely state bordered the Assam Province in the west and British Burma in the east, and in the 20th century covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) and contained 467 villages. The capital of the state was Imphal.
Kiuruvesi
Kiuruvesi is a town and municipality of Finland located in the North Savo region. The municipality has a population of 7,338 and covers an area of 1,422.90 square kilometres (549.38 sq mi) of
which 94.79 km2 (36.60 sq mi) is water. The population density is 5.52 inhabitants per square kilometre (14.3/sq mi). Neighbour municipalities are Iisalmi, Pielavesi, Pyhäjärvi, Pyhäntä and Vieremä.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The educational department takes part in Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland.

Municipalities of Finland
The municipalities (Finnish: kunta; Swedish: kommun) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental, self-governing administrative units of the country. The entire country is incorporated into municipalities and legally, all municipalities are equal, although certain municipalities are called cities or towns (Finnish: kaupunki; Swedish: stad). Municipalities have the right to levy a flat percentual income tax, which is between 16 and 22 percent, and they provide two thirds of public services. Municipalities control many community services, such as schools, health care and the water supply, and local streets. They do not maintain highways, set laws or keep police forces, which are responsibilities of the central government.
Supersymmetry algebras in 1 + 1 dimensions
A two dimensional Minkowski space, i.e. a flat space with one time and one spatial dimension, has a two-dimensional Poincaré group IO(1,1) as its symmetry group. The respective Lie algebra is called the Poincaré algebra. It is possible to extend this algebra to a supersymmetry algebra, which is a -graded Lie superalgebra. The most common ways to do this are discussed below.

Spacetime symmetries
Spacetime symmetries are features of spacetime that can be described as exhibiting some form of symmetry. The role of symmetry in physics is important in simplifying solutions to many problems. Spacetime symmetries are used in the study of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations of general relativity. Spacetime symmetries are distinguished from internal symmetries.
Maestro Fresh Wes
Wesley "Wes" Williams (born March 31, 1968) is a Canadian rapper, singer, record producer, actor, and author. He is known professionally by his stage names Maestro Fresh Wes (formerly Maestro Fresh-Wes) or Maestro as a musician, and is credited by his birth name as an actor. One of the earliest Canadian rappers to achieve mainstream success, he is credited as the "Godfather of Canadian hip hop". His debut album, Symphony in Effect (1989), was the first certified platinum album by a Black Canadian artist, and his 2023 induction into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame and 2024 Governor General's Performing Arts Award were each the first for any hip-hop artist.

Nova Scotia Community College
Nova Scotia Community College or NSCC is a Canadian community college serving the province of Nova Scotia through a network of 14 campuses and three community learning centres.

The college delivers over 130 programs in five academic schools: Access, Education and Language; Business and Creative Industries; Health & Human Services; Technology and Environment; and Trades and Transportation. Introducing roughly 20,000 students a year (fulltime and part-time combined), NSCC provides the majority of technical and apprenticeship training in Nova Scotia.

NSCC includes four specialized institutes: the Nautical Institute, the School of Fisheries, the Aviation Institute and the Centre of Geographical Sciences.

The president of NSCC is Don Bureaux. They employ about 2,000 people.
Camelford and Boscastle (electoral division)
Camelford and Boscastle is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. It was created at the 2021 local elections, being created from the former divisions of Camelford and Tintagel. The current councillor is Barry Jordan, a member of the Conservative Party.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
Tréguier
Tréguier (French pronunciation: [tʁegje] ⓘ; Breton: Landreger) is a port town in the French department of Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, northwestern France. It is the capital town of the province of Trégor.

Côtes-d'Armor
The Côtes-d'Armor (/koʊt dɑːrmər/ koht dar-mər, /-dɑːrmɔːr/ -⁠dar-mor; French pronunciation: [kot daʁmɔʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Aodoù-an-Arvor, [ˈoːdu ãn ˈarvor]), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord until 1990 (Breton: Aodoù-an-Hanternoz, [ˈoːdu ãn ˌhãntɛrˈnoːs]), is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France. In 2019, it had a population of 600,582.
Sévère Rivard
Sévère-Dominique Rivard (7 August 1834 – 4 February 1888) was a Canadian lawyer and politician, the Mayor of Montreal, Quebec between 1879 and 1881.

After an education at the Séminaire de Nicolet, Rivard apprenticed in law under Rodolphe Laflamme and Edmund Barnard, formally becoming a lawyer in 1859.

In 1870, Rivard was elected to city council at the Saint-Jacques ward and was re-elected to council in 1873. Between 1870 and 1877 he also served as a member of the city's Roman Catholic Board of School Commissioners. Rivard campaigned for mayor in 1879, defeating the allegedly undefeatable incumbent Jean-Louis Beaudry by a 290-vote margin. He ran unopposed in the 1880 election and enjoyed a second term as Mayor.

He was a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec from 1886 until his death.

Rivard died on 4 February 1888 after sustaining a case of "paralysis". He was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery (French: Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges, pronounced [simtjɛʁ nɔtʁə dam de nɛʒ]) is a 139-hectare (340-acre) rural cemetery located in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, which was founded in 1854. The entrance and the grounds run along a part of Côte-des-Neiges Road and up the slopes of Mount Royal. Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Canada by number of burials and the third-largest in North America.
Maina-Miriam Munsky
Maina-Miriam Munsky (born Meina Munsky: 24 September 1943 - 26 October 1999) was a German New Realist artist.  She came to prominence in West Berlin during the 1970s with a series of "larger than life" ("großformatige") paintings of births, abortions and surgical procedures.

Wolfgang Petrick
Wolfgang Petrick (12 January 1939 – 5 December 2025) was a German painter, graphic artist and sculptor. From 1975 to 2007, he was Professor of Fine Arts at Berlin University of the Arts, now UdK. In addition, and until 2016, he also worked in his New York City studio in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

Petrick's art reflects the critical realism that was revived in the 1960s; he updated it with dystopian pictorial motifs and installation art.
Janne Suokonautio
Janne Suokonautio (born 20 May 1968) is a Finnish former footballer.

He played 12 seasons in the Finnish premier division Veikkausliiga for HJK, PPT, Kumu, FC Haka, FinnPa and PK-35. 1990/1991 Suokonautio was on loan for Eendracht Aalst in the Belgian Second Division and 1996/1997 for Hvidovre IF in the Danish Superliga. He played also for Maccabi Ironi Ashdod in the Israeli top division Liga Leumit. Suokonautio capped 4 times for the Finland national team.

FC Jazz
Football Club Jazz, commonly known as just Jazz, is a Finnish football club based in Pori, which plays in the Finnish third tier, Ykkönen. The club was founded in 1934 as Porin Pallo-Toverit. PPT changed its name to FC Jazz in November 1991.

FC Jazz is tied with several other clubs as the 13th most successful Finnish club by Finnish Championship titles. FC Jazz won the Finnish Championship twice (1993, 1996). Other medals for the club include Finnish Championship bronze (1992), Finnish Cup silver (1994) and Finnish League Cup silver (1994).
Conserved quantity
A conserved quantity is a property or value that remains constant over time in a system even when changes occur in the system. In mathematics, a conserved quantity of a dynamical system is formally defined as a function of the dependent variables, the value of which remains constant along each trajectory of the system.

Not all systems have conserved quantities, and conserved quantities are not unique, since one can always produce another such quantity by applying a suitable function, such as adding a constant, to a conserved quantity.

Since many laws of physics express some kind of conservation, conserved quantities commonly exist in mathematical models of physical systems. For example, any classical mechanics model will have mechanical energy as a conserved quantity as long as the forces involved are conservative.

Linear function (calculus)
In calculus and related areas of mathematics, a linear function from the real numbers to the real numbers is a function whose graph (in Cartesian coordinates) is a non-vertical line in the plane.  
The characteristic property of linear functions is that when the input variable is changed, the change in the output is proportional to the change in the input.

Linear functions are related to linear equations.
Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal
Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal (23 March 1833 – 27 January 1890) was a German psychiatrist from Berlin. He was the son of Otto Carl Friedrich Westphal (1800–1879) and Karoline Friederike Heine and the father of Alexander Karl Otto Westphal (1863–1941). He was married to Klara, daughter of the banker Alexander Mendelssohn. Westphal died in Kreuzlingen in 1890.

Ataxia
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.

These nervous-system dysfunctions occur in several different patterns, with different results and different possible causes. Ataxia can be limited to one side of the body, which is referred to as hemiataxia. Friedreich's ataxia has gait abnormality as the most commonly presented symptom. Dystaxia is a mild degree of ataxia.
Victor Kolyvagin
Victor Alexandrovich Kolyvagin (Russian: Виктор Александрович Колывагин, born 11 March, 1955) is a Russian mathematician who wrote a series of papers on Euler systems, leading to breakthroughs on the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, and Iwasawa's conjecture for cyclotomic fields. His work also influenced Andrew Wiles's work on Fermat's Last Theorem.

Cyclotomic field
In algebraic number theory, a cyclotomic field is a number field obtained by adjoining a complex root of unity to , the field of rational numbers.

Cyclotomic fields played a crucial role in the development of modern algebra and number theory because of their relation with Fermat's Last Theorem. It was in the process of his deep investigations of the arithmetic of these fields (for prime )—and more precisely, because of the failure of unique factorization in their rings of integers—that Ernst Kummer first introduced the concept of an ideal number and proved his celebrated congruences.
Wheelchair fencing at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's foil A
The Men's Foil Individual A wheelchair fencing competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held on 18 September at the Helliniko Fencing Hall.

The event was won by Fung Ying Ki, representing  Hong Kong.

Wheelchair fencing
Wheelchair fencing (also called Parafencing) is a version of fencing for athletes with a disability. Wheelchair fencing is governed by the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation, which is a federation of the International Paralympic Committee, and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games. The Paralympic Games take place every four years in different countries.
The Best of Tubular Bells
The Best of Tubular Bells is a compilation album written and mostly performed by Mike Oldfield. It was released in 2001 and features segments from all of the Tubular Bells albums up to that year.

It is a single CD which consists of pieces of various past versions of Tubular Bells albums; Tubular Bells (1973), The Orchestral Tubular Bells (1975), Tubular Bells live (1979), Tubular Bells II (1992), Tubular Bells III (1998) and The Millennium Bell (1999). The album has been re-edited so that the changes between most of the different parts of Tubular Bells are seamless.

It was advertised on television in 2001, where the actor Tom Baker, known for his role as the Doctor in Doctor Who, provides his voice-over.

Exposed (Mike Oldfield album)
Exposed is the first live album by English musician Mike Oldfield, released as a double album on 27 July 1979 by Virgin Records in the UK. It was recorded at various locations across Europe during Oldfield's debut concert tour as a solo artist, following the release of his fourth studio album Incantations (1978). The album features Incantations and his debut album Tubular Bells (1973), plus Oldfield's 1979 non-album single "Guilty" as the encore.

Exposed was initially marketed as a restricted release with just 100,000 copies produced, but strong sales prompted Virgin Records to give the album a full release. It peaked at No. 16 on the UK Albums Chart and earned a silver certification from the British Phonographic Industry for selling 60,000 copies. A concert film of the shows at the Wembley Conference Centre during the 1979 tour were released on DVD in October 2005, also entitled Exposed.
Take Care of My Dad
Take Care of My Dad (Korean: 아빠를 부탁해) is a 2015 South Korean television program starring Lee Kyung-kyu, Kang Seok-woo, Cho Jae-hyun and Jo Min-ki. It airs on SBS on Sunday at 16:50 beginning April 21, 2015.

Jo Min-ki
Jo Min-ki (November 5, 1965 – March 9, 2018) was a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in the television series Love and Ambition, East of Eden, Queen Seondeok, and Flames of Desire. He was also a noted photographer and published two books and held solo exhibitions,.  In addition since 2010 he was an assistant professor at Cheongju University.

Following high-profile accusations of sexual misconduct from numerous students, Jo was found dead at an underground parking lot in Seoul in an apparent suicide on March 9, 2018.
Acantholycosa katunensis
Acantholycosa katunensis is a species of wolf spider only known from the Katun Mountain Range in the Russian part of the Altai Mountains.

This spider is 8.5 mm in length. It can only be separated from its closest congeners by details of the genitalia.

Spider anatomy
The anatomy of spiders includes many characteristics shared with other arachnids. These characteristics include bodies divided into two tagmata (sections or segments), eight jointed legs, no wings or antennae, the presence of chelicerae and pedipalps, simple eyes, and an exoskeleton, which is periodically shed.

Spiders also have several adaptations that distinguish them from other arachnids. All spiders are capable of producing silk of various types, which many species use to build webs to ensnare prey. Most spiders possess venom, which is injected into prey (or defensively, when the spider feels threatened) through the fangs of the chelicerae. Male spiders have specialized pedipalps that are used to transfer sperm to the female during mating. Many species of spiders exhibit a great deal of sexual dimorphism.
David Stewart (bishop)
David Stewart (Scottish Gaelic: Dàibhidh Stiùbhart) (died 1476) was a prelate from 15th century Scotland. A member of the Stewart kindred of Lorne, he is known to have held a succession of senior ecclesiastical positions in northern Scotland before eventually succeeding his brother James Stewart as Bishop of Moray.

David was provided to the bishopric before 30 June 1462 by Pope Pius II, and was consecrated sometime after 25 June 1463. David was a frequent attendee at parliament and was in the presence of King James III of Scotland on 5 August 1464, at Inverness. He built the great tower of Spynie Castle known as "David's Tower". He found himself in conflict with the Alexander, Earl of Huntly, who was at one point excommunicated until the differences were overcome by mediators.

Bishop David died in 1476. He was buried in the St Peter and St Paul aisle in the north of Elgin Cathedral, beside his brother. He was succeeded by William Tulloch.

Marquess of Huntly
Marquess of Huntly is a title in the Peerage of Scotland that was created on 17 April 1599 for George Gordon, 6th Earl of Huntly. It is the oldest existing marquessate in Scotland, and the second-oldest in the British Isles; only the English marquessate of Winchester is older. The Marquess holds the following subsidiary titles: Lord Gordon of Strathaven and Glenlivet and Earl of Aboyne (1660; Peerage of Scotland), and Baron Meldrum, of Morven in the County of Aberdeen (1815; Peerage of the United Kingdom).
Scouting and Guiding in Luxembourg
Scouting and Guiding in Luxembourg is served by several different organizations:

Scouting in Luxembourg, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement
Fédération Nationale des Eclaireurs et Eclaireuses du Luxembourg
Lëtzebuerger Guiden a Scouten, also member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Royal Rangers Luxembourg

Former associations include

Bureau de Liaison des Associations Guides du Luxembourg

Association des Girl Guides Luxembourgeoises

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.