hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boophis burgeri
Boophis burgeri is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae.
It is endemic to Madagascar, officially known only from Andasibe-Mantadia National Park with sightings in    Marojejy National Park, Masoala National Park and Tsaratanana Reserve likely from another species.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss for agriculture, timber extraction, charcoal manufacturing, invasive eucalyptus, livestock grazing and expanding human settlement.

Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates, Oophaga and Phyllobates, among others.
Critical legal studies
Critical legal studies (CLS) is a school of critical theory that developed in the United States during the 1970s. CLS adherents claim that laws are devised to maintain the status quo of society and thereby codify its biases against marginalized groups.

Despite wide variations in the opinions of critical legal scholars around the world, there is a consensus regarding the key goals of critical legal studies:

to demonstrate the ambiguity and possible preferential outcomes of supposedly impartial and rigid legal doctrines;

to publicize historical, social, economic and psychological results of legal decisions;

to demystify legal analysis and legal culture in order to impose transparency on legal processes so that they earn the general support of socially responsible citizens.

The abbreviations "CLS" and "Crit" are sometimes used to refer to the movement and its adherents.

Legal doctrine
A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. For example, a doctrine comes about when a judge makes a ruling where a process is outlined and applied, and allows for it to be equally applied to like cases. When enough judges make use of the process, it may become established as the de facto method of deciding like situations.
3rd Infantry Brigade
3rd Infantry Brigade can refer to:

3rd Infantry Brigade (Georgia)

3rd Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)

3rd Infantry Brigade (South Africa)

3rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

3rd Infantry Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division (United States)

3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade

3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade
The 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade was a formation of the Canadian Army in both World War I and World War II.  The brigade fought on the Western Front during the First World War, and in Sicily and Italy during the Second World War.
Mark Haluptzok
Mark Haluptzok (born December 19, 1951, in Bemidji, Minnesota, United States) is an American curler.

He is a 1993 World Men's bronze medallist.

He inducted into the United States Curling Association Hall of Fame in 2007.

Bemidji, Minnesota
Bemidji (/bəˈmɪdʒiː/ bə-MIJ-ee) is a city in and the county seat of Beltrami County, in northern Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,574 at the 2020 census. According to 2022 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 15,946, making it the largest commercial center between Grand Forks, North Dakota and Duluth.

As a central city for three Indian reservations, Bemidji is the site of many Native American services, including the Indian Health Service. Near Bemidji are the Red Lake Indian Reservation, White Earth Indian Reservation, and the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. Bemidji lies on the southwest shore of Lake Bemidji, the northernmost lake feeding the Mississippi River; it is nicknamed "The First City on the Mississippi". Bemidji is also the self-proclaimed "curling capital" of the U.S. and the alleged birthplace of legendary Paul Bunyan.
Amarillo Gold Sox
The Amarillo Gold Sox was the name of an American minor league baseball franchise that represented the city of Amarillo, Texas, in the Class D West Texas–New Mexico League, the Class A Western League and the Double-A Texas League at various times between 1939 and 1982.

Western League (1900–1958)
The Western League was the name of several American sports leagues in Minor League Baseball. This article concentrates on the Western Leagues that operated from 1900 to 1937 and from 1947 to 1958.

Its earliest progenitor, the Western League of 1885–1899, was the predecessor of the American League. Later, during the 20th century, there were four incarnations of the Western League, including the Western League of 1939–1941 (succeeding the Nebraska State League) that played at the Class D level, and an independent baseball league that operated as the Western Baseball League from 1995 to 2002.
Olympic Games ceremony
The Olympic Games ceremonies are events held at the Olympic Games since their beginning in the ancient Olympics, including the opening, closing, and medal ceremonies. Their purpose is to introduce and conclude the competition, award the successful competitors, and often to celebrate the culture and history of the hosting country. The ceremonies are integral to the Games and symbolize the international cooperation fostered in the Olympic sporting events.

President of the Organising Committee for the Olympic Games
The president of the Organising Committee for the Olympic Games is the individual who is in charge of leading the Organising Committee for each Olympic Games. Starting after 1988, the Paralympic Games began occurring after the conclusion of the Olympic Games, organised by the same committee. During the opening and closing ceremonies, the president gives a speech before the IOC and IPC president.
Luke Seomore
Luke Seomore is an English film director, and musician, part of a critically acclaimed filmmaking duo working alongside English director Joseph Bull. He often performs and writes under the moniker ‘Blessed are the Hearts that Bend'. Seomore's work includes music videos, Feature films, television and art installations. They write and direct their films together, while Seomore composes original soundtracks. Their debut feature Blood Cells premiered at 71st Venice International Film Festival in 2014.

71st Venice International Film Festival
The 71st annual Venice International Film Festival , was held from 27 August to 6 September 2014, at Venice Lido in Italy.

French composer Alexandre Desplat was the jury president for the main competition. Italian actress Luisa Ranieri  hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival. The Golden Lion was awarded to A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence by Roy Andersson.

American editor Thelma Schoonmaker and American filmmaker Frederick Wiseman were the recipients of the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.

The festival poster paid tribute to François Truffaut, as it featured the character of Antoine Doinel portrayed by Jean-Pierre Léaud from Truffaut's 1959 drama film The 400 Blows.

The festival opened with Birdman by Alejandro G. Iñárritu, and closed with The Golden Era by Ann Hui.
Parkhurst Building
The Parkhurst Building is a historic two-story commercial building in Santa Monica, California. It was built in 1927 for Clinton Gordon Parkhurst, a realtor who served as the mayor of Venice, California in the 1920s. It was designed principally by Herbert Powell of Marsh, Smith & Powell in the Mission Revival style, with an octagonal tower, gargoyles above the second-story windows, and a cupola at the top. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 17, 1978.

Venice, Los Angeles
Venice is a neighborhood of the City of Los Angeles within the Westside region of Los Angeles County, California, United States.

Venice was founded by Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it was annexed by the city of Los Angeles. Venice is known for its canals, a beach, and Ocean Front Walk, a  2+1⁄2-mile (4-kilometer) pedestrian promenade that features performers, fortune-tellers, and vendors.
PS Jan van Arkel II
PS Jan van Arkel II was a Dutch passengers paddle steamer of the Gorinchemsche Schiedamsche Stoomboot-maatschappij built by Fop Smit and launched on 8 March 1847. The ship was used for the 's-Hertogenbosch—Gorinchem—Schiedam line.

On 28 October 1849 the boiler of the boat exploded in the harbour of Den Bosch in the Zuid-Willemsvaart killing up to 22 people. The chimney landed on a Aak which also sank. The accident is regarded as one most severe steamboat accidents in the Netherlands.

Gorinchem
Gorinchem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣɔrkʏm] ⓘ or [ˈɣɔrkəm]), also spelled Gorkum, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 21.93 km2 (8.47 sq mi) of which 3.10 km2 (1.20 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 37,410 in 2021.

The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem.
Guy Murchie
Guy Murchie (Jr.) (25 January 1907 – 8 July 1997) was an American writer about science and philosophy: aviation, astronomy, biology, and the meaning of life. He was, successively, a world traveler; a war correspondent; a photographer, staff artist, and reporter for the Chicago Tribune; a pilot and flight instructor; a teacher; a lecturer; an aerial navigator; a building contractor; and founder and director of a summer camp for children.  He was a practising member of the Baháʼí Faith. His books included Men on the Horizon (1932), Song of the Sky (1954), Music of the Spheres (1961), and The Seven Mysteries of Life (1978). The latter three books were chosen for promotion by the Book of the Month Club. He illustrated his books with etchings and woodcuts of his own design.

Baháʼí News
Baháʼí News was a monthly magazine, published between December 1924 and October 1990, that covered "news and events in the worldwide Baháʼí community." The magazine was first published as Baháʼí News Letter for 40 issues, changing to Baháʼí News from issue 41 onwards. A significant portion of the content of Baháʼí News touched upon worldwide developments in the Baháʼí community and the achievement of pioneering goals, as well as developments in the American Baháʼí community. Digitized issues are available online.

American Baháʼí, a successor periodical which began publication in 1970 and is still in production, carries a particular focus on domestic developments in the American Baha'i community.
Gangajatra
Gangajatra (Bengali: গঙ্গাযাত্রা; also known in English as The Journey) is a Bangladeshi film written and directed by Syed Wahiduzzaman Diamond. This film was shown at "Kolkata International Film Festival" in 2010.

Kanak Chapa
Kanak Chapa (née Rumana Morshed Kanak Chapa; born 11 September 1969) is a Bangladeshi singer. She received the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer three times, for her performance in the films Love Story (1995), Premer Taj Mahal (2001) and Ek Takar Bou (2008). She published her autobiography Sthobir Jajabor in 2011 and a poetry book Mukhomukhi Joddha in 2012.
The Ward
The Ward can refer to:

Ward (disambiguation)

The Ward (film),  horror film directed by John Carpenter

The Ward (2000 video game),  point and click adventure video game developed by Fragile Bits

Children's Ward,  British children's television drama series

The Ward, Toronto, neighbourhood in central Toronto

Dementium: The Ward, game for the Nintendo DS

The Ward, Toronto
The Ward (formally St. John's Ward) was a neighbourhood in central Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Many new immigrants first settled in the neighbourhood; it was at the time widely considered a slum.

It was bounded by College, Queen, and Yonge Streets and University Avenue, and was centred on the intersection of Terauley Street (now Bay Street) and Albert Street (now Dundas Street).
Karol Machata
Karol Machata (13 January 1928 – 3 May 2016) was a Slovak actor. He appeared in more than 40 films and television shows between 1951 and 1992. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame at the 8th OTO Awards in 2007.

Hall of Fame OTO Award
Hall of Fame OTO Award has been annually presented at the OTO Awards ceremony for lifetime achievements. Since 2000, the honor is given by the Academy of Personalities of Culture and Social Life in Slovakia.
Whiskey sour
A whiskey sour is a mixed drink or shot containing whiskey, lemon juice, and simple syrup, and traditionally garnished with a cherry or sometimes a lemon wedge. It is a blend of sour, bitter, and sweet flavors.

Sometimes, an egg white is included, which is sometimes called a Boston sour. When the whisky used is a Scotch, it is called a Scotch sour. With a few bar spoons of full-bodied red wine floated on top, it is usually referred to as a New York sour. It is shaken and served either straight up or over ice.

The International Bartenders Association recipe includes a garnish of half an orange slice and a maraschino cherry.

A variant of the whiskey sour is the Ward 8, which often is based on bourbon or rye whiskey, and includes both lemon juice and orange juice, and grenadine syrup as the sweetener. The egg white sometimes employed in other whiskey sours is not usually included.

Shot (drink)
A shot (sometimes shooter) is a small serving of spirits or a mixed drink (usually about 1.0–1.5 US fluid ounces or 30–44 millilitres), typically consumed quickly, often in a single gulp. It is common to serve a shot as a side to a larger drink.

Shots can be shaken, stirred, blended, layered, or simply poured. Shot glasses or sherry glasses are the usual drinkware in which shots are served. They are most commonly served at bars, and some bartenders have their own signature shot.

The ingredients of shots vary from bartender to bartender and from region to region. Two shots can have the same name but different ingredients, resulting in two very different tastes.
Andrii Chaikovskyi
Andrii Chaikovskyi (Ukrainian: Андрій Якович Чайковський; 15 May 1857, Sambir – 2 June 1935, Kolomyia) was a Ukrainian writer, public figure, Esperantist, doctor of law, lawyer in Galicia. He was a member of the National Democratic Party, later the Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance, one of the organizers of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, and a district commissioner of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in Sambir.

Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
The Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO) (Ukrainian: Українське національно-демократичне об'єднання (УНДО), romanized: Ukrayins'ke natsional'no-demokratichne ob"yednannya, Polish: Ukraińskie Zjednoczenie Narodowo-Demokratyczne (UZND)) was the largest Ukrainian political party in the Second Polish Republic, active in Western Ukraine. It dominated the mainstream political life of the Ukrainian minority in Poland, which with almost 14% of Poland's population was the largest minority.

UNDO was founded in 1925 and dissolved during the Soviet annexation of western Ukraine in 1939. Throughout the interwar years, UNDO enjoyed both German and Soviet financial support.
PLUMED
PLUMED is an open-source library implementing enhanced-sampling algorithms, various free-energy methods, and analysis tools for molecular dynamics simulations. It is designed to be used together with ACEMD, AMBER, DL_POLY, GROMACS, LAMMPS, NAMD, OpenMM, ABIN, CP2K, i-PI, PINY-MD, and Quantum ESPRESSO, but it can also be used together with analysis and visualization tools VMD, HTMD, and OpenPathSampling.

In addition, PLUMED can be used as a standalone tool for analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories. A graphical user interface named METAGUI is available.

Trajectory
A trajectory is the path an object takes through its motion over time. In classical mechanics, a trajectory is defined by Hamiltonian mechanics via canonical coordinates; hence, a complete trajectory is defined by position and momentum, simultaneously.

The object as a mass might be a projectile or a satellite. For example, it can be an orbit — the path of a planet, asteroid, or comet as it travels around a central mass.

In control theory, a trajectory is a time-ordered set of states of a dynamical system (see e.g. Poincaré map). In discrete mathematics, a trajectory is a sequence  of values calculated by the iterated application of a mapping  to an element  of its source.
Modular rocket
A modular rocket is a kind of multistage rocket which has components that can interchanged for different missions. Several such rockets use similar concepts such as unified modules to minimize expenses on manufacturing, transportation and for optimization of support infrastructure for flight preparations.

The National Launch System study (1991-1992) looked at future launchers in a modular (cluster) fashion.  
This concept has existed since the creation of NASA.

Liquid oxygen
Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear, pale cyan liquid form of dioxygen O2. It was used as the oxidizer in the first liquid-fueled rocket invented in 1926 by Robert H. Goddard, an application which is ongoing.
Alexandra Andreevna Voeikova
Alexandra Andreevna Voeikova (née Protasova; August 20, 1795 - February 16, 1829) was the niece and goddaughter of Vasily Zhukovsky, addressee of his ballad "Svetlana", and muse of the poet Nikolay Yazykov.

Nikolay Yazykov
Nikolay Mikhailovich Yazykov (Russian: Никола́й Миха́йлович Язы́ков; March 16 [O.S. March 4] 1803 – January 7 1847 [O.S. December 26, 1846]) was a Russian poet and Slavophile who in the 1820s rivalled Alexander Pushkin and Yevgeny Baratynsky as the most popular poet of his generation.
Joseph W. Singer
Joseph William Singer is an American legal scholar specializing in property law. He is the Bussey Professor of Law at Harvard University, where he has been teaching since 1992. Previously, he taught at Boston University School of Law and practiced law in Boston. He also served as a law clerk in the Supreme Court of New Jersey.

Boston University School of Law
The Boston University School of Law (BU Law) is the law school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston. Established in 1872, it is the third-oldest law school in New England, after Harvard Law School and Yale Law School. Approximately 630 students are enrolled in the full-time J.D. degree program (approximately 210 per class) and about 350 in the school's five LLM degree programs. BU Law was one of the first law schools in the country to admit students to study law regardless of race or gender.
Heather the Leather
Heather the Leather (1960 – 1 June 2010) was a 50-year-old scaleless (also known as leather) carp, described as "Britain's most famous fish" before Benson superseded them. Heather was an old and large carp, weighing 52 pounds (24 kg) and despite incorrect allegations in the press of being caught over 1000 times, she was likely caught by fishermen approximately 75 times. A full list of the captures was recorded by Yateley anglers on the that-aint-no-bream website. She was deemed by many carp anglers, both in the UK and across Europe, as the ultimate fish to catch given her age, history and catch difficulty.

At the time of her death in June 2010 she was around 50 years old and worth £30,000. Heather was discovered dead at the edge of a lake at Yateley Complex on 1 June 2010, and is thought to have died of old age. The fish was buried by anglers near the lake with a headstone and memorial rosebush.

Gravestone
A gravestone or tombstone is a marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may be called a funeral stele, stela, or slab. The use of such markers is traditional for Chinese, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic burials, as well as other traditions. In East Asia, the tomb's spirit tablet is the focus for ancestral veneration and may be removable for greater protection between rituals. Ancient grave markers typically incorporated funerary art, especially details in stone relief. With greater literacy, more markers began to include inscriptions of the deceased's name, date of birth, and date of death, often along with a personal message or prayer. The presence of a frame for photographs of the deceased is also increasingly common.
Myanmar News Agency
The Myanmar News Agency (Burmese: မြန်မာသတင်းဌာန; abbreviated MNA) is the official state news agency of the Myanmar government, based in Yangon, Burma. It was established in 1963 after the 1962 Burmese coup d'état as News Agency Burma (NAB). It is currently under the News and Periodical Enterprise of the Ministry of Information. MNA has the sole right to take pictures of government-arranged events, including meetings of opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and government officials. Local Burmese weeklies rely on the MNA for pictures to be carried with their stories.

The agency is run by the Ministry of Information and censors most national and foreign news. It falls under the News and Periodicals Enterprise, along with three major newspapers.

The agency uses feeds from Reuters and the Press Trust of India.

The MNA has news exchange agreements with international news agencies, including Xinhua, ITAR-TASS, Yonhap, Kyodo, Tanjug, ANTARA, KPL and VNA.

Ministry of Information (Myanmar)
The Ministry of Information (Burmese: ပြန်ကြားရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန) in Myanmar officially informs the public about government policy plans and implementation and supports improvements to knowledge and education of the public. Since the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état it has been described as responsible for the dissemination of propaganda through state-owned media.
Transport in Paris
Paris is the centre of a national, and with air travel, international, complex transport system. The modern system has been superimposed on a complex map of streets and wide boulevards that were set in their current routes in the 19th century.  On a national level, it is the centre of a web of road and railway, and at a more local level, it is covered with a dense mesh of bus, tram and metro service networks.

Gare Saint-Lazare
The Gare Saint-Lazare (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ sɛ̃ lazaʁ]; lit. 'Saint Lazarus station'), officially Paris Saint Lazare, is one of the seven large mainline railway station terminals in Paris, France. It was the first railway station built in Paris, opening in 1837. It mostly serves train services to western suburbs, as well as intercity services toward Normandy using the Paris–Le Havre railway. Saint-Lazare is the third busiest station in France, after the Gare du Nord and Gare de Lyon. It handles 290,000 passengers each day. The current station building opened in 1889 and was designed by architect Juste Lisch; the maître d'œuvre (general contractor) was Eugène Flachat.
Dongtan, Hwaseong
Dongtan (Korean: 동탄) is a township in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea, with many shops and restaurants. It includes four residential skyscrapers of 70–80 floors, collectively called "Metapolis", which also contains a shopping mall. The Suseo–Pyeongtaek high-speed railway, which runs from Suseo station to Jije station, passes through Dongtan.

Dongtan Station is the southern terminus of the first line of the GTX higher-speed train.

The population of Dongtan was 406,036 as of 2024.

37°13′05″N 127°06′43″E﻿ / ﻿37.218°N 127.112°E﻿ / 37.218; 127.112

Dongtan station
Dongtan station (Korean: 동탄역; Hanja: 東灘驛; RR: Dongtang-yeok) is a station on the Suseo high-speed railway, SRT, and GTX-A. The latter began to operate in December 9, 2016. This station is in the Yulhyeon Tunnel.