hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
February 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 11 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 13

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 25 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 30.

Julian the Hospitaller
Saint Julian the Hospitaller is a saint venerated in the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.  He is the patron saint of the cities of Ghent, Belgium; Saint Julian's, Malta; and Macerata, Italy.
Md Saad Uddin
Mohammed Saad Uddin (Bengali: মো: সাদ উদ্দিন; born 1 September 1998) is a Bangladeshi professional footballer who plays as a left wing-back and sometimes right wing-back, winger for Bangladesh Premier League club Bashundhara Kings and Bangladesh national team.

Bashundhara Kings
Bashundhara Kings (Bengali: বসুন্ধরা কিংস) is a professional football club based in Bashundhara Residential Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The club competes in the Bangladesh Premier League, the top tier of the Bangladesh football league system. The club was established in 2013 and debuted in Bangladesh Premier League during the 2018–19 season. The club is owned and managed by Bashundhara Group.
Una Vita
Una vita is the first novel published in 1892 by Italo Svevo, the author of the seminal modernist novel, Zeno's Conscience.  Originally titled Un inetto – inetto may be translated as 'inept,' unfit', 'unsuitable' or 'incapable' – this name was rejected by the publisher, who requested that it be changed to Una vita – 'A Life' – which is also the name of a famous Maupassant novel.  The first draft was submitted in 1888.  It was refused by the publishing house Treves, and wasn't published until 1892 by Vram, at the expense of Svevo himself.
The original title, Un inetto, was perhaps intended to illustrate the psychology of the main character and, in a certain sense, the pessimism typical of the author.

Pessimism
Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking.
Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's shot put
The women's shot put field event at the 1972 Olympic Games took place on September 4 & 7.  Nadezhda Chizhova was very disappointed with her bronze medal finish in 1968 Olympics.  She has won the (1966, 1969 and the 1971) European Athletics Championships.  Since 1968 she has broken the world record six times.  The only threat for the gold medal came from Margitta Gummel the defending Olympic Champion.

1971 European Athletics Championships
The 10th (X) European Athletics Championships were held from 10 August to 15 August 1971 in the Olympic Stadium of Helsinki, the capital of Finland.  Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.
Brian Christian (teacher)
John Donald Brian Christian is a Manx teacher and Headmaster, who was Principal of The British School in Tokyo having previously been the principal of Liverpool College.

Christian was born on the Isle of Man, where he attended King William's College he went on to read English literature at the University of Cambridge.

Manx people
The Manx (/mæŋks/ manks; Manx: ny Manninee) are an ethnic group originating on the Isle of Man, in the Irish Sea in Northern Europe. They belong to the Gaelic ethnolinguistic group, which now populate the parts of the British Isles which once were the Kingdom of the Isles and Dál Riata. The Manx are governed through the Tynwald (Ard-whaiyl Tinvaal), the legislature of the island, which was introduced by Viking settlers over a thousand years ago. The native mythology and folklores of the Manx belong to the overall Celtic Mythology group, with Manannán mac Lir, the Mooinjer veggey, Buggane, Lhiannan-Shee, Ben-Varrey and the Moddey Dhoo being prominent mythological figures on the island. Their language, Manx Gaelic (Gaelg, Gailck) is derived from Middle Irish, which was introduced by settlers that colonised the island from Gaelic Ireland. However, Manx Gaelic later developed in isolation and belongs as a separate Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic languages.
Dance in Kiribati
Dance in Kiribati includes various styles unique to the island nation. The uniqueness of Kiribati dance when compared with other forms of Pacific Islands dance is its emphasis on the outstretched arms of the dancer and the sudden birdlike movement of the head. The Frigate bird (Fregata minor) on the Kiribati flag refers to this bird-like style of Kiribati dancing. Most dances are in the standing or sitting position with movement limited and staggered.

In 1963 Gerd Koch filmed on Tabiteuea traditional dances and songs of the ruoia series: the kawawa, the introductory song and dance; the kamei with a dance leader, the wan tarawa and the kabuakaka; and a bino song and dance complete with accompanying arm movements. Koch also filmed the song and dance of the kamei style from the ruoia dance series on Onotoa and the standing dance of the batere style that was accompanied by a choir of men and women and by drum beats. On Nonouti Koch filmed the stick dance of the tirere style.

Nonouti
Nonouti is an atoll and district of Kiribati. The atoll is located in the Southern Gilbert Islands, 38 km north of Tabiteuea, and 250 km south of Tarawa. The atoll is the third largest in the Gilbert Islands and is the island where Catholicism was first introduced to Kiribati, in 1888.
Dámaso Blanco
Dámaso Blanco Caripe (born December 11, 1941 in Curiepe, Miranda State, Venezuela), is a former Major League Baseball third baseman/shortstop and right-handed batter who played for the San Francisco Giants (1972–74). In 1977, at the age of 36, he retired from baseball and began serving as a scout for the Cincinnati Reds for a short period of time. On his return to Venezuela, he began a successful career as commentator in the media.

Miranda (state)
Miranda State (Spanish: Estado Miranda, IPA: [esˈtaðo miˈɾanda]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela and the second most populous after Zulia State. The most recent population estimate was 3,194,390 in mid-2016. It has the greatest Human Development Index in Venezuela, according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics.

Miranda is an important center for political, economic, cultural and commercial activities. The state is administered by a governor, and is sub-divided into 21 municipalities, each under a mayor.

Miranda State covers a total surface area of 7,950 km2 (3,070 sq mi).
Integrational linguistics
Integrational Linguistics (IL) is a general approach to linguistics that has been developed by the German linguist Hans-Heinrich Lieb and others since the late 1960s. The term "Integrational Linguistics" as a name for this approach has been used in publications since 1977 and antedates the use of the same term for integrationism, an unrelated approach developed by Roy Harris. Integrational Linguistics continues being developed by an open group of linguists from various countries.

Roy Harris (linguist)
Roy Harris (24 February 1931 – 9 February 2015) was a British linguist. He was Professor of General Linguistics in the University of Oxford and Honorary Fellow of St Edmund Hall. He also held university teaching posts in Hong Kong (University of Hong Kong), Boston and Paris and visiting fellowships at universities in South Africa and Australia, and at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study.

His books on integrationism, theory of communication, semiology and the history of linguistic thought include The Language Myth, Rethinking Writing, Saussure and his Interpreters and The Necessity of Artspeak. He has also translated an edition of Ferdinand de Saussure's Course in General Linguistics.

He was a founding member of the International Association for the Integrational Study of Language and Communication (IAISLC) and founding editor of the journal Language & Communication.
Martin Parmer
Martin Parmer (born Martin Palmer June 4, 1778 – March 2, 1850) was an eccentric 19th-century American frontiersman, statesman, politician and soldier. On March 2, 1836, Martin Parmer seconded Sam Houston's motion to adopt the Texas Declaration of Independence from Mexico. Parmer signed the Texas Declaration of Independence and was Chairman of the Committee that drafted the Constitution of the Republic of Texas.

Nacogdoches, Texas
Nacogdoches (/ˌnækəˈdoʊtʃɪs/ ⓘ NAK-ə-DOH-chis) is a city in East Texas and the county seat of Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Nacogdoches had a population of 32,147. Stephen F. Austin State University is located in Nacogdoches and specializes in forestry and agriculture. Nacogdoches is also known as "The Oldest Town in Texas". Its sister city is Natchitoches, Louisiana.
1954 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
In the 1954 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's Singles competition, Jaroslav Drobný defeated Ken Rosewall in the final, 13–11, 4–6, 6–2, 9–7 to take the gentlemen's singles tennis title. It was Drobný's third singles final and second win at Wimbledon. Vic Seixas was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Budge Patty.

It was the first of 19-year-old Rosewall's Wimbledon singles finals, all of which he lost. This resulted in Rosewall being considered by many to be the greatest player never to win Wimbledon.

Budge Patty
Edward John Patty (February 11, 1924 – October 4, 2021), better known as Budge Patty, was an American world no. 1 tennis player whose career spanned a period of 15 years after World War II. He won two Grand Slam singles titles in 1950.  He was the second American male player to win the Channel Slam (winning the French Open and Wimbledon in the same year) and one of only four as of 2024 (the others were Don Budge, Tony Trabert and Andre Agassi).
National language debate in Fiji
The National Language Debate in Fiji concerns the status of the country's three official languages: English, Fijian, and Hindustani (the name used in the 1997 constitution for Fiji Hindi). From colonial times, the sole official language was English, but the 1997 Constitution gave equal status for the first time to Fijian and Hindustani on the same level as English.

Colony of Fiji
The Colony of Fiji was a Crown colony that existed from 1874 to 1970 in the territory of the present-day nation of Fiji. London declined its first opportunity to annex Fiji in 1852. Ratu Seru Epenisa Cakobau had offered to cede the islands, subject to being allowed to retain his Tui Viti (King of Fiji) title. His demand was unacceptable to both the British and to many of his fellow chiefs, who regarded him only as first among equals, if that. Mounting debts and threats from the United States Navy had led Cakobau to establish a constitutional monarchy with a government dominated by European settlers in 1871, following an agreement with the Australian Polynesia Company to pay his debts. The collapse of the new regime drove him to make another offer of cession in 1872, which the British accepted. On 10 October 1874, Britain began its rule of Fiji, which lasted until 10 October 1970.
Melamphaus
Melamphaus is an Old World genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae, mostly found in Asia. They are often confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distinguished by the lack of ocelli on the head.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
XCI Racing
Xtreme Concepts Inc. Racing, also known as XCI Racing, was an American professional stock car racing team owned by Landon Ash and was a subsidiary of Xtreme Concepts Inc. The team last competed part-time in 2019 in the NASCAR Cup Series, fielding the No. 81 Toyota Camry for Jeffrey Earnhardt and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, fielding the No. 81 Toyota Supra for Earnhardt and Erik Jones as well. XCI Racing had a technical alliance with Joe Gibbs Racing.

Toyota Camry
The Toyota Camry (/ˈkæmri/; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ Toyota Kamuri) is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Camry has grown since the 1990s to fit the mid-size classification (wide-body)—although the two widths co-existed in that decade. Since the release of the wide-bodied versions, Camry has been extolled by Toyota as the firm's second "world car" after the Corolla. As of 2022, the Camry is positioned above the Corolla and below the Avalon or Crown in several markets.

In Japan, the Camry was once exclusive to Toyota Corolla Store retail dealerships. Narrow-body cars also spawned a rebadged sibling in Japan, the Toyota Vista (トヨタ・ビスタ)—also introduced in 1982 and sold at Toyota Vista Store locations. Diesel fuel versions have previously retailed at Toyota Diesel Store. The Vista Ardeo was a wagon version of the Vista V50.
Forrestfield, North Lanarkshire
Forrestfield is a small settlement in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located on the A89 road, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of Caldercruix and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of Blackridge. Until 1956 the settlement had a railway station on the former Bathgate and Coatbridge Railway. This line reopened in 2010 as the Airdrie–Bathgate rail link, although Forrestfield station was not reopened. Cairneyhill Quarry, a whinstone quarry operated by Tarmac, lies 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) to the south of Forrestfield.

Blackridge, West Lothian
Blackridge (Scots: Blackrig, Scottish Gaelic: An Druim Dubh) is a small town in the western part of West Lothian, Scotland.

The village name dates to 1581, first recorded as Blakrig.  Later, Blackrig and then Blackrigg became the standard spelling until Blackridge became the norm in official documents after about 1840.  Blackrig remains the local pronunciation.

The population, as of the mid-2013 estimate, of Blackridge was 1,926 including Westrigg.  
The modern village dates from the building of the new Edinburgh-Glasgow road in 1796 and the building of a coaching inn midway between the cities, officially Westcraigs Inn but known locally as the Craig Inn.  The inn now serves as housing, a community centre and library.
Plank road
A plank road is a road composed of wooden planks or puncheon logs, as an efficient technology for traversing soft, marshy, or otherwise difficult ground. Plank roads have been built since antiquity, and were commonly found in the Canadian province of Ontario as well as the Northeast and Midwest of the United States in the first half of the 19th century. They were often built by turnpike companies.

Post Track
The Post Track is an ancient causeway in the valley of the River Brue on the Somerset Levels, England. It is dated back to around 3838 BCE, making it some 30 years older than the Sweet Track in the same area. Various sections have been scheduled as ancient monuments.

The timber trackway was constructed of long ash planks, with lime and hazel posts spaced along three-metre intervals. According to Coles, the heavy planks of the Post Track were rarely pegged. The track follows closely in line with the Sweet Track and, before the planks were dated, it was posited that it served as a construction platform for the Sweet Track. It is speculated that it led to places of spiritual significance. It is likely that the route was intended to be a permanent fixture, with the track being updated, maintained, and eventually replaced as it succumbed to the elements. Some of the wood planks were also reused in the Sweet Track when it was built, making the specific dating more complex.
Paul Gockel
Paul Gockel (born 10 October 1965) is an Australian Paralympic swimmer.

He was born in Southport, Queensland.  He has spina bifida with partial paralysis below the waist. He attended Marist College Ashgrove.

He took up swimming seriously in his twenties. He participated in four events in swimming at the 1992 Barcelona Games. He won a silver medal at the 1996 Atlanta Games in the Men's 4x100 m Freestyle S7–10 event and swam in three individual events.

He met his wife Kerry-Lee, known as the Wingless Warrior, through swimming and both compete in open water swimming events.

Marist College Ashgrove
Marist College Ashgrove (abbreviated as MCA) is an independent Roman Catholic day and boarding primary and secondary school for boys, located in the northern Brisbane suburb of Ashgrove, in Queensland, Australia. The college caters for students from Year 5 to Year 12.
Virginia State Route 105
State Route 105 (SR 105) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known as Fort Eustis Boulevard, the state highway runs 4.90 miles (7.89 km) from Fort Eustis in Newport News east to U.S. Route 17 (US 17) near Grafton in York County.  SR 105 is a cross-peninsula highway that connects Fort Eustis, a U.S. Army installation, with US 60 and Interstate 64 (I-64), and US 17 near Yorktown.

Grafton, Virginia
37°9′55.5″N 76°28′6.8″W﻿ / ﻿37.165417°N 76.468556°W﻿ / 37.165417; -76.468556

Grafton is an unincorporated community in York County, Virginia, United States, on the Virginia Peninsula.  As of the 2010 Census, the Grafton postal area (ZIP Code 23692) had a population of 18,846.
Samuel Child
Samuel Child (1693 – 1 October 1752) was an English banker and politician. He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bishop's Castle from 1747 to 1752.

Child was the 11th son of Sir Francis Child, a banker, MP, and Lord Mayor of London in 1698. He was a partner in the family bank Child & Co. until the death in 1740 of his brother Francis, when he became head of the bank.

At the 1747 general election, he was invited to stand as a Tory candidate for Middlesex, where his family owned land. However, he had previously promised his support to Sir Roger Newdigate, and instead stood for Bishop's Castle. The borough's patron, John Walcot, borrowed £8,500 (£17.3 million in 2023) from Child's bank, and Child was returned unopposed.

After his death in October 1752, aged 59, he was succeeded as head of the bank firstly by his son Francis, and after Francis's death in 1763 by his younger son Robert.

1747 British general election
The 1747 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 10th Parliament of Great Britain to be summoned, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. The election saw Henry Pelham's Whig government increase its majority and the Tories continue their decline. By 1747, thirty years of Whig oligarchy and systematic corruption had weakened party ties substantially; despite that Walpole, the main reason for the split that led to the creation of the Patriot Whig faction, had resigned, there were still almost as many Whigs in opposition to the ministry as there were Tories, and the real struggle for power was between various feuding factions of Whig aristocrats rather than between the old parties. The Tories had effectively become an irrelevant group of country gentlemen who had resigned themselves to permanent opposition.
Bodianus bathycapros
Bodianus bathycapros is a species of wrasse native to tropical and warm temperate waters of the Pacific Ocean, particularly the Hawaiian Islands. It is restricted to deeper waters and has been observed from submersibles at depths of around 190 metres (620 ft). It is an oviparous species in which the male and female form distinct pairs when spawning.

Wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into eight subfamilies.

They are typically small, most of them less than 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft). They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera Bodianus, Epibulus, Cirrhilabrus, Oxycheilinus, and Paracheilinus hide among the tentacles of the free-living mushroom corals and Heliofungia actiniformis.
Speed limits in Lithuania
As per Lithuanian traffic act §15, the general maximum speed limits in Lithuania are:

20 km/h in residential areas, yards and car parks

50 km/h in urban areas / built-up areas

70 km/h on non-urban areas with unpaved (e.g. gravel or dirt) or cobblestone roads

90 km/h on non-urban areas asphalt or concrete roads

110 km/h on both motorway and expressway during period between 1 November and 31 March.

120 km/h on expressway (Lithuanian: greitkelis) during period between 1 April and 31 October.

130 km/h on motorway (Lithuanian: automagistralė) during period between 1 April and 31 October.

The limits shown above apply unless otherwise stated, as road signs may prescribe a lower or a higher speed limit (e.g. electronic variable signs during lower speed period on motorways showing higher speed limit if driving conditions are satisfactory).

Different limits apply to cars towing trailers, trucks and buses.

Cobblestone
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring rounded forms less uniform in size.

It has been used across various cultures for millennia, particularly in Europe, and became especially prominent during the medieval and early modern periods. Today, cobblestone streets are often associated with historic preservation and are used in many cities to maintain the historical character of certain neighborhoods.
1895 Canterbury colonial by-election
The 1895 Canterbury colonial by-election was held on 11 June 1895 to elect the member for Canterbury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, following the resignation of Free Trade Party MP Varney Parkes.

Under the Constitution of New South Wales, if a sitting member "becomes bankrupt or takes the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors" they are disqualified from sitting in parliament. Parkes became bankrupt because of business failings and mortgage foreclosures, having owed a large sum of money to the Bank of New South Wales (most of it as guarantee for his father, Sir Henry Parkes).

Parkes was the only candidate to contest, and he was declared elected at the close of candidate nominations. He was again re-elected one month later at the New South Wales colonial election on 24 July 1895.

Bank of New South Wales
The Bank of New South Wales (BNSW), also known as The Wales, was the first bank in Australia. It was established in 1817 in Sydney. During the 19th century, the bank opened branches throughout Australia and New Zealand, expanding into Oceania in the 20th century. Throughout it history it merged with and purchased many other financial institutions. In 1981 it merged with the Commercial Bank of Australia and was renamed Westpac on 4 May 1982.