hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turán–Kubilius inequality
The Turán–Kubilius inequality is a mathematical theorem in probabilistic number theory. It is useful for proving results about the normal order of an arithmetic function.: 305–308  The theorem was proved in a special case in 1934 by Pál Turán and generalized in 1956 and 1964 by Jonas Kubilius.: 316

Probabilistic number theory
In mathematics, Probabilistic number theory is a subfield of number theory, which explicitly uses probability to answer questions about the integers and integer-valued functions. One basic idea underlying it is that different prime numbers are, in some serious sense, like independent random variables. This however is not an idea that has a unique useful formal expression.

The founders of the theory were Paul Erdős, Aurel Wintner and Mark Kac during the 1930s, one of the periods of investigation in analytic number theory. Foundational results include the Erdős–Wintner theorem, the Erdős–Kac theorem on additive functions and the DDT theorem.
Smilax china
Smilax china is a climbing plant species in the genus Smilax. It is native to China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan (including Ryukyu and Bonin Islands), Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, and India. It is also known as china root, china-root, or chinaroot, as is the related Smilax glabra.

Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants.
Greiz station
Greiz station is located in the town of Greiz in the German state of Thuringia. It is on the Gera Süd–Weischlitz railway, which is still in operation, and the Neumark–Greiz railway, which has been suspended since 1999, branches off there.

Die Länderbahn
Die Länderbahn GmbH (German pronunciation: [diː ˈlɛndɐˌbaːn], lit. 'The States Railway', abbr. DLB), formerly Vogtlandbahn GmbH (German pronunciation: [ˈfoːktlantˌbaːn], lit. 'Vogtland Railway'), is a German rail transport company based in Viechtach, operating transport services originally only in the Vogtland, but now also on a regional basis. Die Länderbahn is a subsidiary of Regentalbahn AG, which is owned by Ferrovie dello Stato subsidiary Netinera (formerly Arriva Deutschland). The term vogtlandbahn remains in use as a trademark of Die Länderbahn in Vogtland.

Die Länderbahn is a member of the Tarifverband der Bundeseigenen und Nichtbundeseigenen Eisenbahnen in Deutschland (Tariff association of federally-owned and non-federally-owned railways in Germany, TBNE).
Wilhelm Lanzky-Otto
Wilhelm Lanzky-Otto (January 30, 1909 – April 13, 1991) was a Danish-born horn player.  He is credited with inspiring a generation of Scandinavian horn players. He was educated in Copenhagen as a pianist, organist and horn player. During his life he was principal horn in the Danish National Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Danish Orchestra, the Iceland Symphony Orchestra, the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra, and the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra. From 1932 till 1945 he was a member of Blæserkvintetten af 1932. Later he worked in Reykjavík, Gothenburg and Stockholm. He and Philip Farkas are compared often because of their great talent for teaching. Both are well known among horn players in their areas of the world. His son, Ib Lanzky-Otto, was also a horn player.

Danish National Symphony Orchestra
The Danish National Symphony Orchestra (DNSO; Danish: DR Symfoniorkestret), is a Danish orchestra based in Copenhagen. The DNSO is the principal orchestra of DR (Danish Broadcasting Corporation). The DRSO is based at the Koncerthuset (lit. 'The Concert House') concert hall in Copenhagen.
Argura (Euboea)
Argura (Ancient Greek: Ἄργουρα) also called Argyra (Ἀργυρᾶ) was a town of ancient Euboea near Chalkis, but its exact location is unknown. Modern scholars differ as to its location, with the current village of Lefkandi in the estuary of the Lilas River being identified by Denis Knoepfler Tritle places his remains on the hill of Vrachos in Vasiliko. The editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World tentatively accept the Lefkandi location, as do the editors of the Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire (38°24′16″N 23°39′47″E﻿ / ﻿38.404307°N 23.663159°E﻿ / 38.404307; 23.663159).

Harpocration and Stephanus of Byzantium assert that the town had the status of a polis, but Hansen and Nielsen have found no evidence supporting the assertion.

Euboea
Euboea (/juːˈbiːə/ yoo-BEE-ə; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, romanized: Eúboia, IPA: [ěu̯boi̯a]), also known as Evia (/ˈɛviə/ EV-ee-ə; Modern Greek: Εύβοια, IPA: [ˈevi.a]), is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only 40 m (130 ft) at its narrowest point), the North Euboean Gulf, and the South Euboean Gulf. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about 180 km (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 km (31 mi) to 6 km (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboia in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

It forms most of the regional unit of Euboea, which also includes Skyros and a small area of the Greek mainland.
Jay Johnston (ice hockey)
John Timothy "Jay" Johnston (born February 25, 1958) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman. He played 8 games in the National Hockey League with the Washington Capitals during the 1980–81 and 1981–82 seasons. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1978 to 1987, was spent in the minor leagues. Johnston was selected by the Capitals 45th overall in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft, and was born in Hamilton, Ontario.

1978 NHL amateur draft
The 1978 NHL amateur draft was the 16th NHL entry draft. It was hosted at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Quebec, on June 15, 1978. It was the last draft to be called the "amateur draft" before the process was renamed to the NHL entry draft in 1979.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Viacheslav Fetisov, who retired after the 1997–98 season, although he was re-drafted in 1983.
Zawada, Mrągowo County
Zawada [zaˈvada] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrągowo, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Mrągowo and 59 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Mrągowo County
Mrągowo County (Polish: powiat mrągowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mrągowo, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Mikołajki, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Mrągowo.

The county covers an area of 1,065.23 square kilometres (411.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,087, out of which the population of Mrągowo is 21,772, that of Mikołajki is 3,848, and the rural population is 24,467.
Barrymore Awards
The Barrymore Awards for Excellence in Theatre is an annual, nationally-recognized award program that is sponsored by Theatre Philadelphia for professional theater productions in the Greater Philadelphia area. Each season culminates with an awards ceremony.

The Barrymore Awards was founded by the Performing Arts League of Philadelphia (PALP) in 1994 and was named after the Barrymore family. PALP was renamed the Theatre Alliance of Greater Philadelphia in 1997 and presided over the awards until 2012. Theatre Philadelphia has handled the awards since 2012.

Walnut Street Theatre
Walnut Street Theatre, founded in 1808 at 825 Walnut Street, on the corner of S. 9th Street in the Washington Square West neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the oldest operating theatre in the United States.

The venue is operated by Walnut Street Theatre Company, a non-profit organization, and has three stages: the Mainstage, for the company's primary and larger productions, the Independence Studio on 3, a studio located on the building's third floor for smaller productions, and the Studio 5 on the fifth floor, which is rented out for independent productions.
Howard Penny Jr.
Howard Lassiter Penny Jr. (born August 5, 1947) is an American politician who is a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives. He represents the 53rd district, which includes Harnett County, North Carolina and he took the oath of office on September 17, 2020. He is a retired businessman in the agriculture industry and served on the Harnett County Commission.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Andrius Vaišnys
Andrius Vaišnys (born 17 July 1963) is a Lithuanian journalist and a professor at Vilnius University and the former Dean of the university's Faculty of Communication. Member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.

Vilnius University Faculty of Communication
The Vilnius University Faculty of Communication (Lithuanian: Vilniaus universiteto Komunikacijos fakultetas) is one of the faculties of Vilnius University. It provides education and training for communication and information specialists and organizes research in these scientific domains. Renata Matkevičienė became the dean of faculty in 2022.
Kusum Kusum Prem
Kusum Kusum Prem (Bengali: কুসুম কুসুম প্রেম) is a Bangladeshi Bengali language film. It was released in 2011. The film was directed by Mushfiqur Rahman Gulzar who also wrote the story. The film was produced by Impress Telefilm Limited. Film stars Moushumi, Ferdous and Riaz in lead roles along with ATM Shamsuzzaman, Prabir Mitra, Khaleda Akter Kalpana, Amol Bose and Nasima Khan.

Prabir Mitra
Prabir Mitra (Bengali: প্রবীর মিত্র; 18 August 1941 – 5 January 2025), later adopted Hasan Imam (Bengali: হাসান ইমাম), was a Bangladeshi film actor. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the film Boro Bhalo Lok Chhilo in 1982. He also won the 2018 Lifetime Achievement Award. As of 2019, he had worked on over 400 films.
Chak No. 1
Chak No. 1 is a village in Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil, Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab, Pakistan. The numerical in the village name derives from the railway station built near Chillianwala on the line connecting Lalamusa, Malakwal and Sargodha.

Chilianwala was the site of an 1849 battle in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, ending without without a clear victor but causing the British military to re-evaluate its ambitions in India.

Lalamusa
Lala Musa (/lɑːləmuːsʌ/; Punjabi: لالہ موسٰے; Urdu: لالہ موسیٰ) is a city, located in the Kharian tehsil of Gujrat district, in Punjab, Pakistan. With a population of 121,036 in 2023, it is the 66th most populous city in Punjab and the 99th most populous in Pakistan.
Lax–Wendroff theorem
In computational mathematics, the Lax–Wendroff theorem, named after Peter Lax and Burton Wendroff, states that if a conservative numerical scheme for a hyperbolic system of conservation laws converges, then it converges towards a weak solution.

Burton Wendroff
Burton Wendroff (born March 10, 1930) is an American applied mathematician known for his contributions to the development of numerical methods for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations. The Lax–Wendroff method for the solution of hyperbolic PDE is named for Wendroff (as well as for Peter Lax).

Wendroff is an adjunct professor at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico. He is also a retired fellow and associate at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Wendroff is a primary author of the chess program Lachex. Together with co-author Tony Warnock, Lachex competed at two World Computer Chess Championships at Cologne (1986) and Madrid (1992).
Integrated pilot training
Integrated pilot training is one way aircraft pilots may train for a Commercial Pilot Licence. Pilots will normally enter into an ab-initio scheme with a Flight Training Organisation (FTO) where they may have as little as zero hours flight experience, up to or above the minimum requirements of the law of that country or ICAO state.

Alternatives include modular training, and the Multi-pilot licence (MPL).

Pilot licensing and certification
Pilot licensing or certification refers to permits for operating aircraft. Flight crew licences are issued by the civil aviation authority of each country, which must establish that the holder has met minimum knowledge and experience before issuing licences. The licence, along with the required class or type rating, allows a pilot to fly aircraft registered in the licence issuing state.
Carlos de la Garza
Captain Carlos de la Garza (1807–1882), also known as "Don Carlos," was a fourth generation Tejano rancher and entrepreneur in Goliad, Victoria and Refugio counties of Texas. His participation in the Mexican Army leading to the Battle of Coleto was instrumental in the surrender and demise of Colonel James Fannin and the Texian forces.

Victoria County, Texas
Victoria County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 91,319. Its county seat is also named Victoria. Victoria County is included in the  Victoria metropolitan statistical area, and comprises the entirety of the Victoria media market in Texas.
Kasiesville, Pennsylvania
Kasiesville is an unincorporated community in Montgomery Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Kasiesville is located on Pennsylvania Route 75, south of Mercersburg and north of the Maryland border.

A variant name was "Camp Hill". The community was founded as "Camp Hill" circa 1830. A post office called Kasiesville was established in 1893, and remained in operation until 1905.

Mercersburg, Pennsylvania
Mercersburg is a borough in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough is 72 miles (116 km) southwest of Harrisburg, the state capital. As of the 2020 census, Mercersburg had a population of 1,507.

Due to its location in a rural area, it had a relatively large percentage of African-American workers who had been enslaved from the Revolution. It was called "Black Town" in the early 19th century before incorporation under its current name. Refugee African Americans escaping from slavery in the South also settled here, and the area was known as "Little Africa".
Arthur Bluck
Arthur William Bluck OBE (6 March 1864 – June 1944) was a Bermudan judge and politician who served as a member of the House of Assembly and an Assistant Justice of the Supreme Court of Bermuda. He was Speaker of the Colonial Parliament of Bermuda between 1929 and 1933.

Bluck was Mayor of Hamilton since 1913 and involved with the Trade Development Board (TDB). He was president of the Bank of Bermuda. He was also president of the Bermuda Fire and Marine Insurance Company.

House of Assembly of Bermuda
The House of Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. The house has 36 Members of Parliament (MPs), elected for a term of five years in single seat constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. Bermuda now has universal voting with a voting age of 18 years. Voting is non-compulsory. The presiding officer of the House is called the Speaker.
Mark Robinson (Shropshire cricketer)
Mark Robinson (born 19 October 1984) is an English cricketer. He was born in Shrewsbury.

A slow left-arm bowler, Robinson played most of his club cricket for Oswestry Cricket Club, captaining the club between 2009 and 2015. He made his debut for Shropshire in 2005, making his only List A appearance for the county in that season's C&G Trophy. That season, he also played one Second XI game for Glamorgan. He continued to represent Shropshire through the 2011 season, playing a total of 14 Minor Counties Championship and 8 Minor Counties Trophy matches during his career.

Friends Provident Trophy
The Friends Provident Trophy was a one-day cricket competition in the British Isles.

It was one of the four tournaments in which the eighteen first-class counties competed each season. They were joined by teams from Scotland and Ireland. Lancashire won the title a record seven times.

The competition was previously known as the Gillette Cup (1963–1980), the NatWest Trophy (1981–2000), and the C&G Trophy (2000–2006). For a short period following the 2006 season, the competition was known as the ECB One-Day Trophy because no sponsors were forthcoming when Cheltenham and Gloucester decided to end their association with the competition after the 2006 season. The tournament, along with the Pro40 forty-overs competition, was replaced by the ECB 40 competition from the 2010 season.
Master Willie
Master Willie (12 April 1977 – October 2001) was a British racehorse and sire. As a three-year-old in 1980 he finished second in The Derby and won the Group One Benson and Hedges Gold Cup. In the following year he added victories in the Coronation Cup and Eclipse Stakes before being retired to stud. He stood as a breeding stallion in the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany with mixed results before his death in 2001.

Eclipse Stakes
The Eclipse Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of 1 mile, 1 furlong and 209 yards (2,002 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early July.
Nicholas Carlson
Nicholas Carlson was the global editor-in-chief of Business Insider. Before that, he was Business Insider's chief correspondent.

Carlson attended Davidson College, graduating in 2005. He began his career at Merrill Lynch before joining InternetNews.com and the Silicon Valley news blog Valleywag. In 2015, Carlson published the biography Marissa Mayer and the Fight to Save Yahoo!. He won a Longform award for best business coverage for his reporting on AOL CEO Tim Armstrong's controversial investment in the local news initiative Patch.

In 2022, Gawker reported that Carlson earned an annual salary of $600,000 as Insider editor-in-chief.

Carlson was observed on June 13, 2023 taking pro-union posters with his face on them off lampposts in Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn during a labor strike at Insider by its journalists.

Tim Armstrong (executive)
Timothy M. Armstrong (born December 21, 1970) is an American business executive. He was formerly the CEO of Oath Inc., then a subsidiary of Verizon Communications that served as the umbrella company of its digital content subdivisions, including AOL and Yahoo!. Previously, he was the CEO of AOL Inc. from 2009 until its purchase by Verizon in 2015. Currently AOL is owned by Yahoo Inc., and is managed by Yahoo Senior Executive, Brendan Jennings.

Armstrong began his career in journalism, becoming known for his online advertising sales in the 1990s. He was appointed marketing director for Seattle-based online entertainment-and-news portal Starwave, which was acquired by Disney in 1998. He was vice-president of sales at the New York-based news-and-gaming company Snowball in 2000. He became Vice President for Advertising Sales at Google, and later became President of Google Americas operations. He replaced the outgoing Randy Falco as CEO of AOL in 2009.
Little River Baptist Church
Little River Baptist Church is a historic Southern Baptist church located near Jenkinsville, Fairfield County, South Carolina. USA. It was built about 1845, and is a one-story, frame meeting house plan church. The church is a rectangular clapboard structure of Greek Revival design with Gothic Revival details in the front facade. The front gabled roof is supported by four octagonal columns on a raised platform. In the early 1950s, a wing was added to provide Sunday School rooms and kitchen facilities.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Fairfield County, South Carolina
Fairfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,948. Its county seat is Winnsboro. Fairfield County is part of the Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan area.
Cezanne Khan
Cezanne Khan is an Indian television actor. He is best known for his role of Anurag Basu in Kasautii Zindagi Kay, that aired on Star Plus. He is also known for his role of Harman Singh and Nikhil Jaisingh in Shakti – Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki, that aired on Colors TV and Appnapan – Badalte Rishton Ka Bandhan that aired on Sony Entertainment Television, respectively. He has also worked in Pakistani television series.

Zee TV
ZEE TV, also known as Z TV, is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It was launched on 1 October 1992 as the oldest privately owned television channel in India. It now broadcasts worldwide.
Idolishche
Idolishche Poganoye (Russian: Идолище Поганое) is a mythological monstrosity from  Russian bylinas (epic tales) and other  folklore; he personifies pagan forces invading the Russian lands.
The name literally means "pagan idol", with a Russian augmentative suffix "-ishche".

The major epic sources that involve Idolische are various variants of the bylina "Ilya Muromets and Idolishche Poganoye" ("Илья Муромец и Идолище Поганое"), which may also characterise Idolishche as "Tatarin" (the Tatar), in reference to the Tatar-Mongol yoke.

The 1956 fantasy-film  Ilya Muromets depicts Idolishche as a massive zeppelin-like man with a bleach-white face arriving on an elevated platform as part of the Tugarin's  forces and mocked as looking like "a fat ox" by one of the Russian characters.

Bylina
A bylina (Russian: былина, IPA: [bɨˈlʲinə]; pl. былины, byliny), also popularly known as a starina (Russian: старина), is a type of Russian oral epic poem.

Byliny deal with all periods of Russian history. Byliny narratives are loosely based on historical fact, but greatly embellished with fantasy or hyperbole. Byliny originate from the times of Kievan Rus', but had only survived in northern Russia by the time they were collected.

In a strict academic sense, byliny can be defined as a specific verse meter known from certain Russian sung epics, ballads and humorous songs.