hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niedenzuella
Niedenzuella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malpighiaceae.

Its native range is Southern Tropical America. It is found in the countries of north-eastern Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

The genus name of Niedenzuella is in honour of Franz Josef Niedenzu (1857–1937), a German botanist born in Köppernig. He is remembered for his work with the botanical family Malpighiaceae. It was first described and published in Novon Vol.16 on page 194 in 2006.

Missouri Botanical Garden
The Missouri Botanical Garden is a botanical garden located at 4344 Shaw Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri. It is also known informally as Shaw's Garden for founder and philanthropist Henry Shaw. Its herbarium, with more than 7.5 million specimens, is the second largest in North America, behind that of the New York Botanical Garden. Its Peter H. Raven Library contains 85% coverage of all literature ever published on systematic botany and plant taxonomy.  The Index Herbariorum code assigned to the herbarium is MO and it is used when citing housed specimens.
Gyroelongated bipyramid
The gyroelongated bipyramids are the polyhedra constructed with a bipyramid and an antiprism. The bipyramid is sliced into two congruent pyramids and then attached to the bases of an antiprism in between; such a process of construction is known as gyroelongation. The resulting construction has triangular faces, classified as simplicial polyhedron. There are infinitely many members of gyroelongated bipyramids.

Some members are special cases for having equilateral triangular faces, which are known as deltahedra: the gyroelongated square bipyramid and regular icosahedron. For a gyroelongated triangular bipyramid, it is a non-convex deltahedron because its faces are coplanar, thereby it is not strictly convex. Considering that each pair of its triangles merged into rhombi, the resulting polyhedron can be seen as a trigonal trapezohedron.

Coplanarity
In geometry, a set of points in space are coplanar if there exists a geometric plane that contains them all. For example, three points are always coplanar, and if the points are distinct and non-collinear, the plane they determine is unique. However, a set of four or more distinct points will, in general, not lie in a single plane.

Two lines in three-dimensional space are coplanar if there is a plane that includes them both. This occurs if the lines are parallel, or if they intersect each other. Two lines that are not coplanar are called skew lines.

Distance geometry provides a solution technique for the problem of determining whether a set of points is coplanar, knowing only the distances between them.
Kiev Arsenal January Uprising
The Kiev Arsenal January Uprising (Ukrainian: Січневе повстання, romanized: Sichneve povstannya), sometimes simply called the January Uprising or the January Rebellion, was a Bolshevik-organized workers' armed revolt that started on 29 January [O.S. 16 January] 1918, at the Arsenal Factory in Kiev during the Ukrainian–Soviet War. The goal of the uprising was to sabotage the ongoing elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly and to support the advancing Red Army. The forces of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) managed to quell the uprising by 4 February [O.S. 22 January] 1918.

Red Guards (Russia)
Red Guards (Russian: Красная гвардия) were paramilitary volunteer formations for the "protection of the soviet power", as part of the Bolshevik Military Organizations. The Red Guards consisted primarily of urban workers and cossacks, as well as a partial inclusion of peasants, soldiers, and sailors. Red Guards were a transitional military force of the collapsing Imperial Russian Army and the base formations of Bolsheviks during the October Revolution and the first months of the Russian Civil War. Most of them were formed in the time frame of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and some of the units were reorganized into the Red Army during 1918. The Red Guards formations were organized across most of the former Russian Empire, including territories outside the contemporary Russian Federation such as Finland, Poland, Estonia, Ukraine, and others. They were not centralized and were formed by decision of a local political party and local soviet members.
Kath & Kimderella
Kath & Kimderella is a 2012 Australian film. It is a spin-off of the television series Kath & Kim, created by Gina Riley and Jane Turner. It was written by and stars Riley, Turner and Magda Szubanski.

The film was released theatrically in Australia in September 2012 and on Blu-ray and DVD on 23 May 2013. It premiered on Australian television five days later on the Seven Network.

Rob Sitch
Robert Ian Sitch (born 17 March 1962) is an Australian filmmaker, actor and comedian. He directed and co-wrote the comedy films The Castle (1997) and The Dish (2000); the former of which is often considered one of the greatest Australian films ever made. On television, he is known for the 1990s comedy series Frontline and the long-running comedy series Utopia (2014–present).
Foodista.com
Foodista.com is an online recipe, cooking, and food news source. Foodista is built by both registered community members and anonymous contributors through a structured wiki. With all content available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, the site contains articles on recipes, foods, cooking tools, techniques, and food news.

Recipe
A recipe is a set of instructions that lists the ingredients and steps needed to prepare a specific dish or meal. A sub-recipe or subrecipe is a recipe for an ingredient that will be called for in the instructions for the main recipe. Recipe books (also called cookbooks or cookery books) are a collection of recipes, help reflect cultural identities and social changes as well as serve as educational tools.
Ed Kenna
Edward Benninghaus Kenna (October 17, 1877 – March 22, 1912), nicknamed "the Pitching Poet", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher, college football coach and newspapers editor. He played for the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1902 season. Kenna played football at Georgetown University as a fullback in 1898 and at West Virginia University as a fullback and kicker in 1901. He served as the head football coach at Richmond College—now known as the University of Richmond—in 1900 and West Virginia Wesleyan College in 1902. Kenna was later an editor of the Charleston Gazette. He died on March 22, 1912, in Grant, Florida.

University of Richmond
The University of Richmond (UR or U of R) is a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is a primarily undergraduate, residential institution with approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools: the School of Arts and Sciences; the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business; the Jepson School of Leadership Studies; the University of Richmond School of Law; and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies. It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus".

The university's athletics teams are known as the "Richmond Spiders," after the university's distinctive mascot. A participant in the U.S. Navy's V-12 Navy College Training Program during World War II, Richmond commissions U.S. Army officers through its ROTC program, which is partnered with Hampden-Sydney College and Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia.
Madda
Madda can be:

Madda, an Indian surname

A form of Madra, a region and kingdom in ancient India

An Arabic word, used in Egypt, for falaka (corporal punishment on the feet)

A type of harakat in the Arabic script

The name of a king, see Uttarakuru

The Afghan Madda khel tribe

In contemporary Jewish orthodox thought on Divine Providence, knowledge of the functioning of nature and society. Also used to mean science.

A nickname for people with the name Madeline

Foot whipping
Foot whipping, falanga/falaka or bastinado is a method of inflicting pain and humiliation by administering a beating on the soles of a person's bare feet. Unlike most types of flogging, it is meant more to be painful than to cause actual injury to the victim. Blows are generally delivered with a light rod, knotted cord, or lash.

Bastinado is also referred to as foot (bottom) caning or sole caning, depending on the instrument in use.  The German term is Bastonade, deriving from the Italian noun bastonata (stroke with the use of a stick). In former times it was also referred to as Sohlenstreich (corr. striking the soles). The Chinese term is dǎ jiǎoxīn (打脚心 / 打腳心).
Felipillo of Panama
Felipillo (d. 1551), was the leader of runaway slaves in Colonial Panama.

Felipillo was a Spanish-speaking (Black Ladino) slave who managed a boat for the pearl fisheries on the Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama.  In 1549, he led a revolt in which slaves fled the islands as well as cattle ranches on the mainland, and then fled up into the mountains.  From their base, Felipillo and his followers raided Spanish ranches and travelers until 1551 when he and 30 of his followers were surprised and captured by Captain Francisco Carreño.  Felipillo was subsequently executed and the remainder of his followers sold back into slavery.

Pearl Islands
The Pearl Islands (Spanish: Archipiélago de las Perlas or Islas de las Perlas) is a group of 200 or more islands and islets (many tiny and uninhabited) lying about 30 miles (48 km) off the Pacific coast of Panama in the Gulf of Panama.
Naturally occurring phenols
In biochemistry, naturally occurring phenols are natural products containing at least one phenol functional group. Phenolic compounds are produced by plants and microorganisms. Organisms sometimes synthesize phenolic compounds in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.: 104  Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants.

Butylated hydroxytoluene
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties. BHT is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the US FDA—which considers BHT to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods. Despite this, and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that BHT was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed.
1832 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1832 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1832. This was the first gubernatorial election held under the 1831 constitution, which moved the state's general elections to November and extended the Governor's three-year term to four years, but preserved the bar on governors from succeeding themselves. Incumbent National Republican Governor David Hazzard was barred from seeking a second term. New Castle County Treasurer Caleb P. Bennett ran as the Democratic candidate to succeed Hazzard, while former State Representative Arnold Naudain ran as the National Republican candidate. Bennett narrowly defeated Naudain, winning by a margin of just 54 votes.

Caleb P. Bennett
Caleb Prew Bennett (November 11, 1758 – May 9, 1836) was an American soldier and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a veteran of the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and a member of the Democratic Party who served as Governor of Delaware.
Hibiscadelphus wilderianus
Hibiscadelphus wilderianus, also known as the Maui hau kuahiwi, is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae that was endemic to the island of Maui in Hawaii.

In 2019, American biotechnology company Ginkgo Bioworks recreated the scent of Hibiscadelphus wilderianus's flower for a commercial fragrance line using DNA sequenced from the sole existing herbarium specimen.

Ginkgo Bioworks
Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. is an American biotech company founded in 2008 by five scientists from MIT, headed by Jason Kelly. The company specializes in using genetic engineering to produce bacteria with industrial applications for other biotech companies, saving other companies the cost of reproducing the initial stages of design in synthetic biology. The self-proclaimed "Organism Company"  was one of the world's largest privately held biotech companies, valued at $4.2 billion in 2019. It raised $290 million in September and $350 million in October of that year. Ginkgo Bioworks went public on the New York Stock Exchange via a SPAC merger on September 17, 2021.
Gerd Brenneis
Gerd Brenneis (1 March 1930, Nienhagen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern – 13 March 2003, Güstrow) was a German operatic tenor who had an active international career from the late 1950s through the 1990s. Known for his interpretations of the works of Richard Wagner, he worked as a principal artist at many of the world's great opera houses, including the Deutsche Oper Berlin, La Scala, the Metropolitan Opera, and the Vienna State Opera.

Güstrow
Güstrow (German: [ˈɡʏstʁoː] ⓘ; Latin: Gustrovium) is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in north-eastern Germany. It is capital of the Rostock district;   Rostock itself is a district-free city and regiopolis.

It has a population of 28,999 (2020) and is the seventh largest town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Since 2006 Güstrow has had the official suffix Barlachstadt.

The town is known for its renaissance Güstrow Palace, the old town and its brick gothic cathedral with Ernst Barlach's Floating Angel sculpture.
Indonesian Movie Actors Awards
The Annual Indonesian Movie Actor Awards (formerly Indonesian Movie Awards) are annual awards that have been presented to filmmakers in Indonesia since 2007. The trophy given is called Piala Layar Emas. Winners in "Best" categories are selected by a jury, and winners in "Favorite" categories are selected by the public.

Dilema (film)
Dilema is an Indonesian drama film released on 23 February 2012, and produced by Wulan Guritno and Adilla Dimitri. The film stars Tio Pakusadewo, Wulan Guritno, Lukman Sardi, Abimana Aryasatya, Ario Bayu, Slamet Rahardjo, Baim Wong, Pevita Pearce, Winky Wiryawan, and Jajang C. Noer. Dilema also premiered in the Australia and unfortunately, the film received a failure in the number of spectators in Indonesia, totally 30.000.

The film was nominated for "Favorite Film" at the 2012 Indonesian Movie Awards and won "Best Feature Film" at the 2012 DetectiveFEST Moscow in Russia.
1922–23 Chattanooga Mocs basketball team
The 1922–23 Chattanooga Mocs basketball team represented University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in the 1922–23 NCAA men's basketball season. They were led by player/coach Bill Redd. The team claimed an SIAA championship and was runner-up of the 1923 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament.

1923 Southern Intercollegiate men's basketball tournament
The 1923 Southern Intercollegiate men's basketball tournament took place between teams of both the Southern Conference  and Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association from February 27–March 3, 1923, at Municipal Auditorium in Atlanta, Georgia. The Mississippi A&M Aggies won their first Southern Conference title. After MSU won the tournament, a celebration broke out in downtown Starkville. A bonfire was built, and when firemen arrived to put it out, students chopped up their water hose and even hit one of the firemen over the head with a bugle.
Baron ffrench
Baron ffrench, of Castle ffrench in the County of Galway, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland created on 14 February 1798 for Rose, Lady ffrench. She was the widow of Charles ffrench, who had been created a Baronet, of Clogha in County Galway, in the Baronetage of Ireland on 17 August 1779. Their son Thomas succeeded in both the baronetcy and barony. Both titles have descended via primogeniture to the present Baron.

The title and the family name are both spelled with a lower-case double-'f'.

Monivea Castle
Monivea Castle (Irish: Caisleán Mhuine Mheá) is a former O'Kelly tower house, located near Monivea in County Galway, Ireland. It was acquired by the ffrench family, one of the fourteen Tribes of Galway, who developed it further, enhancing the lands and building the Monivea Castle—all increasing the fortification around the original Norman tower.

In 1876, the Monivea Castle estate took in 10,121 acres of land, including the features of the tower house ruins, Monivea Castle itself, the ffrench Mausoleum and Monivea Woods. The demesne lands surrounding Monivea Castle were worked directly for the benefit of the landlord. Further outlying lands were rented out for farming. Estate farmers and domestic servants lived in the surrounding region, the town of Monivea taking shape from this initial population, homes and servicing merchant posts.
Elisabeth Grieg
Elisabeth Grieg (born 12 June 1959) is a Norwegian businessperson.

She is part owner of Grieg Group and holds many chair and board positions in the group. Outside the group she is Chairman of Norsk Hydro since 2007, deputy chair of the Norwegian Shipowners' Association and member of the board of StatoilHydro. Elisabeth Grieg is a member of the advisory board of the Sahara Forest Project.

Grieg has highlighted her commitment to the development of Norwegian business and the importance of education, for example when she gave a speech at Design Day in April 2012 focusing on design as a driver of innovation.

In 2008, the high-profile businesswoman was ranked 5th on Kapital's list of Norway's 100 most powerful women, and Grieg has been on the same list several times in recent years. She is a prominent voice in the public debate on a more equal working life, and in 2015 she received the YS Gender Equality Award.

She is a daughter of ship owner Per Grieg.

Advisory board
An advisory board is a body that provides non-binding strategic advice to the management of a corporation, organization, or foundation. The informal nature of an advisory board gives greater flexibility in structure and management compared to the board of directors. Unlike the board of directors, the advisory board does not have authority to vote on corporate matters or bear legal fiduciary responsibilities. Many new or small businesses choose to have advisory boards in order to benefit from the knowledge of others, without the expense or formality of the board of directors.
Tien Hsin
Tien Hsin (Chinese: 天心; born Wu Tien-hsin on November 11, 1975) is a Taiwanese actress, television host and singer. She won a Golden Bell Award for Best Leading Actress in a Television Series in 2011 for the drama series Who's the One.

Golden Bell Award for Best Leading Actress in a Television Series
The Golden Bell Award for Best Leading Actress in a Television Series (Chinese: 電視金鐘獎戲劇節目女主角獎; pinyin: Diànshì jīn zhōng jiǎng xìjù jiémù nǚ zhǔjiǎo jiǎng) is one of the categories of the competition for the Taiwanese television production, Golden Bell Awards. It was presented annually by the Government Information Office until 2011, when the Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development assumed responsibility for the Golden Bell Award ceremony. The first time that television programs were first eligible to be awarded was in 1971.
Dogra Art Museum, Jammu
Dogra Art Museum, Jammu previously known as the Dogra Art Gallery is a museum of Dogra cultural heritage housed in the Pink Hall of the Mubarak Mandi complex, Jammu, India. The main attractions of the museum are the Pahari miniature paintings from Basohli.

Pahari painting
Pahari painting (lit. 'a painting from the mountainous regions, pahar meaning a mountain in Hindi') is an umbrella term used for a form of Indian painting, done mostly in miniature forms, originating from the lower Himalayan hill kingdoms of North India, during the early 17th to mid 19th century, notably Basohli, Mankot, Nurpur, Chamba, Kangra, Guler, Mandi and Garhwal. Nainsukh was a famous master of the mid-18th century, followed by his family workshop for another two generations. The central theme of Pahari painting is depiction of eternal love of the Hindu deities Radha and Krishna. A distinct lyricism, spontaneous rhythm, softness, minute intricate details of composition, and intense perception and portrayal of human emotions and physical features distinguish the Pahari miniatures from the other miniature schools like Deccan, Mughal and Rajasthani-Rajput.
Pierre Marsone
Pierre Marsone is a French sinologist.  He is Directeur d'études (Professor) at the Department of Historical Sciences and Philology of the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) in Paris, France. His principal fields of research are the political and religious history of China, including the Khitan Liao dynasty, the Jurchen Jin dynasty and Mongolian Yuan dynasty; the Quanzhen School of Taoism, Japanese Zen Buddhism, and the semantic analysis of Chinese.

In June 2012, Pierre Marsone received from the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres the Prix Stanislas Julien for his book La Steppe et l’Empire (Les Belles Lettres, 2011).

Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (French pronunciation: [akademi dez‿ɛ̃skʁipsjɔ̃ e bɛl lɛtʁ]) is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope is the study of ancient inscriptions (epigraphy), historical literature (see Belles-lettres) and the cultures of the civilizations of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the classical period, as well as those of non-European civilizations.
Legend of the Mistletoe Bough
The Legend of the Mistletoe Bough is a horror story which has been associated with many mansions and stately homes in England.

A new bride, playing a game of hide-and-seek or trying to get away from the crowd during her wedding breakfast, hides in a chest in an attic and is unable to escape. She is not discovered by her family and friends, and suffocates or dies of thirst. The body is found many years later in the locked chest as a skeleton in a wedding dress.

Notable claimants for the story's location, some still displaying the chest, include Bramshill House and Marwell Hall in Hampshire, Castle Horneck in Cornwall, Basildon Park Grotto in Berkshire, Minster Lovell Hall in Oxfordshire, Exton Hall in Rutland, Brockdish Hall in Norfolk and Bawdrip Rectory in Somerset.

Castle Horneck
Castle Horneck is a Grade II* listed building, and refurbished Georgian mansion to the west of the Cornish town of Penzance. It is currently owned by the Youth Hostels Association (YHA) and has been used as a youth hostel since 1950.
Taceddin Ahmedi
Taj ad-Dīn İbrahim ibn Hizr Ahmedi (1334–1413), better known by his pen name Taceddin Ahmedi, was an Ottoman poet and is considered one of the greatest poets in 14th-century Anatolia. Born in Anatolia, he went to study with Akmal al-Din al-Babarti in Cairo as a young man. As a young man, he visited the court of Bayezid I, and attended the Battle of Ankara, where he met and wrote and qasida to Timur. After Bayezid's death, he dedicated his work titled the Iskendername, the earliest surviving work of Ottoman historiography and the earliest Turkish rendition of the Alexander Romance, to Süleyman Çelebi. Modeled after the Iskandarnameh of Neẓāmī, in over 8,000 couplets Ahmedi uses the outline of Alexander the Great's conquests to offer discourse on philosophy, theology, and history. After his patron's death, he was in the employ of Mehmed I until his death in 1413.

Süleyman Çelebi
Süleyman Çelebi (also Emir Süleyman; fl. c. 1389/90 – 17 February 1411) was an Ottoman prince and a co-ruler of the Ottoman Empire for several years during the Ottoman Interregnum. There is a tradition of Western origin, according to which Suleiman the Magnificent was "Suleiman II", but that tradition has been based on an erroneous assumption that Süleyman Çelebi was to be recognised as a legitimate sultan.