hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cabot, Arkansas
Cabot is the largest city in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 26,569, and in 2024 the population was an estimated 27,575, ranking it as the state's 19th largest city, behind Jacksonville. It is part of the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway metropolitan area.

U.S. Route 167
U.S. Route 167 is a north-south United States Highway within the U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas. It runs for 500 miles (800 km) from Ash Flat, Arkansas at U.S. Route 62/U.S. Route 412 to Abbeville, Louisiana at Louisiana Highway 14. It goes through the cities of Little Rock, Arkansas, Alexandria, Louisiana, and Lafayette, Louisiana.

Some of the highway's route has been combined with or parallels Interstate 49 in Louisiana. Between Junction City, Arkansas, and Ruston, Louisiana, U.S. 167 runs concurrent with U.S. 63.
Emodin
Emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is an organic compound.  Classified as an anthraquinone, it can be isolated from rhubarb, buckthorn, and Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica syn. Polygonum cuspidatum). Emodin is particularly abundant in the roots of the Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum), knotweed and knotgrass (Polygonum cuspidatum and Polygonum multiflorum) as well as Hawaii 'au'auko'i cassia seeds or coffee weed (Semen cassia). It is specifically isolated from Rheum palmatum L. It is also produced by many species of fungi, including members of the genera Aspergillus, Pyrenochaeta, and Pestalotiopsis, inter alia. The common name is derived from Rheum emodi, a taxonomic synonym of Rheum australe (Himalayan rhubarb), and synonyms include emodol, frangula emodin, rheum emodin, 3-methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone, Schüttgelb (Schuttgelb), and Persian Berry Lake.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
AUJIK
AUJIK is an art concept initiated in 2001 by the award-winning (Prix Ars Electronica, Japan Media Arts Festival, Animago 2016, Screengrab) artist Stefan Larsson, who was born in Sweden and lives and works in Ōtsu, Japan.

AUJIK's multi-media works have been shown at the Prix Ars Electronica 2011, Onedotzero London at BFI Southbank 2011/2013/2016, SIGGRAPH Asia, CMoDA Beijing, Biwako Biennale 2012 & 2014, Japan Media Arts Festival 2010/2015. Nordic Outbreak by the Streaming Museum, NYC 2014, 'Death is your Body' Frankfurter Kunstverein 2014, Co-workers at the Museum of Modern Art, Paris 2016, Oberhausen Film Festival, Rotterdam Film Festival, Dokfest Kassel, Animago 2016, Screengrab Australia and events and exhibitions curated by Filmform, Onedotzero and Directors Lounge Berlin.

The group had solo exhibitions at galleries in Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto and at CAC (Contemporary Art Center) in Vilnius.

Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris (French pronunciation: [myze daʁ mɔdɛʁn də paʁi], in full the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, the Museum of Modern Art of the City of Paris) or MAM Paris, is a major municipal museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art of the 20th and 21st centuries, including monumental murals by Raoul Dufy, Gaston Suisse, and Henri Matisse. It is located at 11, Avenue du Président Wilson in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

The museum is one of the 14 City of Paris' Museums that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013 in the public institution Paris Musées.
County of Delatite
The County of Delatite is one of the 37 counties of Victoria which are part of the cadastral divisions of Australia, used for land titles. It is located south west of Ovens River. Wangaratta is partly located in the county, at the northern end.

Wangaratta
Wangaratta (/ˌwæŋɡəˈrætə/ WANG-gə-RAT-ə) is a city in the northeast of Victoria, Australia,  236 km (147 mi) from Melbourne along the Hume Highway. The city had a population of 29,808 per the 2021 Australian Census.

The city is located at the junction of the Ovens and King rivers, which drain the northwestern slopes of the Victorian Alps. Wangaratta is the administrative centre and the most populous city in the Rural City of Wangaratta local government area.
Amy Nixon
Amy Lee Nixon (born September 29, 1977) is a Canadian retired curler and lawyer from Calgary, Alberta. She was a member of the bronze medal-winning 2006 Winter Olympic women's curling team, skipped by Shannon Kleibrink. Nixon was also the chair of the board of governors of Curling Canada from 2021 to 2022.

Curling Canada
Curling Canada (formerly the Canadian Curling Association (CCA)) is a sanctioning body for the sport of curling in Canada. It is associated with more than a dozen provincial and territorial curling associations across the country, and organizes Canada's national championships in the sport. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the two previous sanctioning bodies, Curl Canada (men's) and the Canadian Ladies' Curling Association (women's).
The Sinful Border
The Sinful Border (German: Sündige Grenze) is a 1951 West German crime film directed by Robert A. Stemmle and starring Dieter Borsche, Inge Egger and Peter Mosbacher. Jan Hendriks won the German Film Award as Best Newcomer. It focuses on the smuggling of coffee, at the time an expensive luxury, into Germany. It is also known by the alternative title of Illegal Border.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on location in the Harz Mountains. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Mathias Matthies and Ellen Schmidt.

Spandau Studios
The Spandau Studios or CCC Studios were film and television studios located in Spandau, a suburb of Berlin. They were established in 1949 following the Second World War by the producer Artur Brauner controller of CCC Films, on the site of a former factory. Following the Soviet occupation of East Germany, most of the major film studios in the capital were, with the exception of the Tempelhof Studios, located in East Berlin until Brauner opened his own studios.

Brauner produced a number of popular genre films over the following decades, including several remakes of Weimar era hits. Space was also rented out to other firms, and the 1960s saw the series of Edgar Wallace films made at Spandau by Rialto Film.
Judensau
A Judensau (German for "Jews' sow") is a folk art image of Jews in obscene contact with a large sow (female pig), which in Judaism is an unclean animal. These first appeared in the 13th century in Germany and some other European countries, and remained popular for over 600 years.

Bad Wimpfen
Bad Wimpfen (German: [baːt ˈvimpfn̩] ⓘ) is a historic spa town in the district of Heilbronn in the Baden-Württemberg region of southern  Germany. It lies north of the city of Heilbronn, on the river Neckar.
Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox
Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox was a Scottish nobleman. In 1588, it was suggested to James VI of Scotland that Lennox marry Lady Arbella Stuart, the King's cousin and a claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland.

Lady Arbella Stuart
Lady Arbella Stuart (also Arabella, or Stewart; 1575 – 25 September 1615) was an English noblewoman who was considered a possible successor to Elizabeth I. During the reign of James VI and I (her first cousin), she married William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset, another claimant to the English throne, in secret. King James imprisoned Seymour and placed her under house arrest. When she and her husband tried to escape England, she was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London, where she died at age 39.
Handcrafts and folk art in the State of Mexico
The Mexican State of Mexico produces various kinds of handcrafted items. While not as well documented as the work of other states, it does produce a number of notable items from the pottery of Metepec, the silverwork of the Mazahua people and various textiles including handwoven serapes and rebozos and knotted rugs. There are seventeen recognized handcraft traditions in the state, and include both those with pre Hispanic origins to those brought over by the Spanish after the Conquest. As the state industrializes and competition from cheaper goods increases, handcraft production has diminished. However, there are a number of efforts by state agencies to promote these traditions both inside and outside of Mexico.

San Antonio la Isla
San Antonio La Isla is a municipality located in the State of Mexico in Mexico. Its municipal seat is the town of San Antonio la Isla. Its name originally was "Techialoyan" or "Tlachialoyan", which in Nahuatl means "place of those who watch". Its glyph is an eye on the apex of a pyramid that floats on water. It is located in the Matlatzinca Valley, south of Toluca, the state capital.
Tahir Rasheed (cricketer)
Tahir Rasheed is a Pakistani cricketer who hold the record for a wicket-keeper to dismiss most number of batsmen (9 dismissals, 8 caught and 1 stumped) in an innings in first-class cricket, for Habib Bank against Pakistan Automobiles Corporation at Gujranwala in 1992–93.

Habib Bank Limited cricket team
The Habib Bank Limited cricket team was a first-class cricket side, sponsored by the Habib Bank Limited, who competed as a departmental team in Pakistan domestic cricket from 1975 to 1976 season.

Before disbandment, the bank was providing an annual budget of Rs. 100 million.
Letha Manasulu (2004 film)
Letha Manasulu (transl. Tender hearts) is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy. The film is produced by V. Balasouri and M. Anantha Varma under Sri Sivasai Pictures. It is a remake of the Tamil film Azhagi (2002) and stars Srikanth, Kalyani, and Gopika. Raju (Srikanth) and Dhana Lakshmi (Kalyani) are childhood sweethearts who eventually marry others. When Dhana Lakshmi loses her husband, Raju pities and takes her in as a maidservant while keeping his wife Bhanu (Gopika) in the dark about their past.

The film's score and soundtrack is composed by M. M. Keeravani. Letha Manasulu was released on 1 October 2004.

Kaveri (actress)
Kaveri, also known as Kalyani, is an Indian actress and film producer who mostly appeared in Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil and Kannada language films. Starting her career in the mid-90s , she had a critically acclaimed performance in the 2002 Telugu film Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru!, that fetched her the Nandi Award for Best Actress.
Stuart Chambers (businessman)
Stuart John Chambers (born May 1956) is a British businessman. He has been the chairman of Anglo American plc since  November 2017.

Until March 2021, Chambers was chairman of Travis Perkins, having joined the board as a non-executive director in 2017. He previously was chairman of ARM Holdings and Rexam until 2016; and in his non-executive career on the boards of Tesco, Manchester Airport Group, Smiths Group and Associated British Ports Holdings. His executive career included 13 years at Pilkington and its subsequent parent company Nippon Sheet Glass until 2010, in a number of executive roles and ultimately as chief executive of both companies. Prior to that, he had ten years of sales and marketing experience at Mars Corporation, following ten years at Shell plc as a chemical engineer.

Chambers is a member of The Takeover Panel and a visiting fellow at the Saïd Business School.

Travis Perkins
Travis Perkins plc is a British builders' merchant and home improvement retailer with head offices based in Northampton. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. Through its Toolstation subsidiary, the group also has operations in mainland Europe.
Crane Day
Crane Day (Swedish Trandagen) is observed on 25 March in Sweden in the southern parts of Kalmar County including Öland, as well as neighbouring areas such as Kronoberg and Blekinge, and other areas such as Värmland and Rydaholm.

The day is named after the cranes' return to Sweden at this time of the year. It is also traditionally connected with the Feast of the Annunciation which is observed around the same time.

Kronoberg County
Kronoberg County (IPA: [ˈkrûːnʊˌbærj]; Swedish: Kronobergs län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. Kronoberg is one of three counties in the province of Småland. It borders the counties of Skåne, Halland, Jönköping, Kalmar, and Blekinge. Its capital is the city of Växjö. While Kronoberg is an inland county, the southernmost fringes are about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the coastline.
Dolgoch (locomotive)
Dolgoch is a narrow gauge 0-4-0WT steam locomotive. It was built by Fletcher, Jennings & Co. and is one of the oldest locomotives still in active service. It was delivered to the Talyllyn Railway in 1866 and continues to run on this railway to this day.

Dolgoch was the only serviceable locomotive on the Talyllyn Railway when it was preserved by volunteers in 1951 and kept the railway running during this time.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
The Ditchdigger's Daughters
The Ditchdigger's Daughters is a 1997 American television drama film directed by Johnny E. Jensen and written by Yvonne S. Thornton, Jo Coudert, and Paris Qualles, based on Thornton’s memoir.

The film stars Carl Lumbly, Kimberly Elise, Monique Coleman, and Dulé Hill. It aired on The Family Channel on February 23, 1997, and received three nominations at the 19th CableACE Awards performances, for Best Movie, Best Original Song with Kimberly Elise winning for a Supporting Actress in a Movie or Miniseries.

History of Freeform
American cable and satellite television network Freeform was originally launched as the CBN Satellite Service on April 29, 1977, and has gone through four different owners and six different name changes during its history. This article details the network's existence from its founding by the Christian Broadcasting Network to its current ownership by The Walt Disney Company, which renamed the network to Freeform on January 12, 2016.
Charles Godfrey (bandmaster)
Charles Godfrey (November 22, 1790, Kingston-upon-Thames –  December 12, 1863, London) was an English bandmaster, drummer and bassoonist, and the founder member of an extensive musical family.

He began his career as a drummer in the band of the 1st Royal Surrey Militia. From 1813 he played in the band of the Coldstream Guards as a bassoonist. He was appointed director of this band in 1825. He served in that position until 1834 when he was discharged from military duty, but continued to direct the group as a civilian musician. In 1831 Godfrey was appointed musician-in-ordinary to King William IV. He was editor of the first English publication devoted to military music,  Jullien’s Military Journal.

His son Fred Godfrey succeeded him as director of the Coldstream Guards band in 1863. His other son was the bandmaster Dan Godfrey who was the father of the bandmaster and Bournemouth conductor Daniel Eyers Godfrey.

1st Royal Surrey Militia
The 1st Royal Surrey Militia, later the 3rd Battalion, East Surrey Regiment was an auxiliary regiment raised in Surrey in the Home Counties of  England. From its formal creation in 1759 the regiment served in home defence in all of Britain's major wars until 1918, seeing active service in the Second Boer War and supplying reinforcements to the East Surreys during World War I.
Currency substitution
Currency substitution is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency.

Currency substitution can be full or partial. Full currency substitution can occur after a major economic crisis, such as in Ecuador. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use the currencies of their larger neighbours; for example, Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc.

Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets denominated in a foreign currency or use it as exchange currency, as is currently the case in Venezuela. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution; for example, Argentina was in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s.

South African rand
The South African rand, or simply the rand, (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the official currency of South Africa. It is subdivided into 100 cents (sign: "c"), and a comma separates the rand and cents.

The South African rand is legal tender in the Common Monetary Area member states of Namibia, Lesotho, and Eswatini, with these three countries also having national currencies (the dollar, the loti, and the lilangeni respectively) pegged with the rand at parity and still widely accepted as substitutes. The rand was also legal tender in Botswana until 1976, when the pula replaced the rand at par.

The rand is legal tender in Zimbabwe as part of its multiple currency system, which also includes other currencies such as the euro, the pound sterling, the US dollar, and the Zimbabwean ZiG.
El Cerrato
El Cerrato is a natural comarca in Spain comprising locations in the provinces of Palencia, Burgos and Valladolid, although the largest part lies within Palencia. With an area of 1,534 km2, almost 25,000 inhabitants and an average elevation of 783 meters above sea level, the region contains 37 villages and the city of Dueñas. Its capitals throughout history have been Castroverde de Cerrato, Palenzuela and, from the late fifteenth century, Baltanás, the largest municipality.

Province of Burgos
The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Burgos is the province of Spain that has borders with most provinces. Its capital is the city of Burgos.

The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.
Col de l'Échelle
Col de l'Échelle (el. 1762 m., in Italian Colle della Scala) is a mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Hautes-Alpes in France. It is the lower mountain pass between France and Italy and connects Vallée de la Clarée and Vallée Étroite (commune of Névache, Dora Riparia basin). The highest point between both valleys is actually at 1779 meter, some kilometers north of the official Col de l'Échelle at the Mauvais Pas. Between both cols, a small dry valley exists.

The col is next to Bardonecchia in Italy.
In April 2018, over 100 activists of the "Identitarian" nationalist movement occupied the pass to campaign against migrants crossing from Italy to France. In August 2019, a French court sentenced three of them to a six-month jail term and fines of €2,000 each, and fined the pan-European organisation €75,000 because they deliberately led immigrants to believe they were police officers.

Bardonecchia
Bardonecchia (Italian: [bardoˈnekkja]; Piedmontese: Bardonecia [bardʊˈnetʃa]; Occitan: Bardonescha [baɾduˈneʃə], French: Bardonnèche) is an Italian town and comune located in the Metropolitan City of Turin, in the Piedmont region, in the western part of Susa Valley. It grew out of a small village with the works for the Fréjus Rail Tunnel, the first crossing the Alps.

The town hosted the snowboarding events of the 2006 Winter Olympics.
Blue Bell Hill (village)
Blue Bell Hill is a village in the Aylesford parish of the borough of Tonbridge and Malling in Kent, England. It is located halfway between Chatham and Maidstone and lies on top of Blue Bell Hill. The community significantly expanded with the developments of the Walderslade area in the post war years, creating several housing estates around the village.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
Ceratellopsis
Ceratellopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Clavariaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) grow gregariously on fallen wood, bark, and decaying plant material and are clavarioid, simple, small (under 2 mm tall), with an acute apex. Only two species are currently recognized; other species formerly placed in Ceratellopsis have been transferred to other genera or are nomina dubia.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
State visit by Elizabeth II to Russia
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd made a state visit to Russia from 17 to 20 October 1994, hosted by the President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin. It is the first and so far only visit by a reigning British monarch on Russian soil.

The four-day visit is said to be one of the most important foreign trips of the Queen's reign.

Grand Kremlin Palace
The Grand Kremlin Palace (Russian: Большой Кремлёвский дворец, romanized: Bolshoy Kremlyovskiy dvorets) is a building in the Moscow Kremlin. For much of the 19th century, it served as the official residence of the Russian emperor in Moscow, which was not then the capital of the Russian Empire. Designed by a team of architects under the management of Konstantin Thon, architect of the Kremlin Armoury and the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the palace was intended to emphasise the greatness of Russian autocracy.

The Grand Kremlin Palace serves as the official working residence of the president of Russia and also houses a museum.