hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Curdlan
Curdlan is a water-insoluble linear beta-1,3-glucan, a high-molecular-weight polymer of glucose. Curdlan consists of β-(1,3)-linked glucose residues and forms elastic gels upon heating in aqueous suspension.

It was initially reported to be produced by "Alcaligenes faecalis  var. myxogenes" strain 10C3-K in 1966. This classification for the strain and its descendants is now understood to be inaccurate, giving rise to the new name "Agrobacterium fabrum". The modern industrial strain "A. fabrum" ATCC 31749 had its genome sequenced in 2011. Some sources prefer the open nomenclature Agrobacterium sp.

Extracellular and capsular polysaccharides are produced by a variety of pathogenic and soil-dwelling bacteria. Curdlan is a neutral β-(1,3)-glucan, perhaps with a few intra- or interchain 1,6-linkages, produced as an exopolysaccharide by soil bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae. It is also produced by Cellulomonas flavigena, which belongs to a different phylum.

Cellulomonas
Cellulomonas is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. One of their main distinguishing features is their ability to degrade cellulose, using enzymes such as endoglucanase and exoglucanase. They are members of the Actinomycetota.
Lance Harvell
Lance Evans Harvell (born 1963) is an American politician from Maine. A Republican, Harvell was elected to the Maine House of Representatives on February 3, 2009, during a special election to replace Janet T. Mills. He was re-elected in 2010 and 2012. He is a service operator at Verso Paper's paper mill in Jay.

Harvell is a graduate of Mount Blue High School (class of 1981) and has taken courses at the University of Maine at Farmington. He is married with two children.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Grimald of Weissenburg
Grimald, Latinised Grimaldus (born around 800; died 13 June 872 in Saint Gall), was abbot of Weissenburg Abbey (around 825–839 and 847–872), abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall (841–872), arch-chaplain of the East Frankish king Louis the German (848–870) and chancellor (833–838/40, 854–870). He was one of the founders of scholarly education in the East Franconian Empire and in St. Gall.

Chancellor
Chancellor (Latin: cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion). Nowadays, the term is most often used to describe:

The head of the government

A person in charge of foreign affairs

A person with duties related to justice

A person in charge of financial and economic issues

The head of a university
Softley
Softley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Iain Softley (born 1956), English film director, producer, and screenwriter

Mick Softley (1939–2017), British singer-songwriter and guitarist

Mortimer Softley (born 1975), Guyanese reggae singer better known as Natural Black

Timothy Softley, British academic

Iain Softley
Iain Declan Softley (born 30 November 1956) is an English film director, producer, and screenwriter. His films include Backbeat, Hackers, The Wings of the Dove, K-PAX, The Skeleton Key, Inkheart and the BBC adaptation of Sadie Jones's novel The Outcast.
Woodbury, Stoke Fleming
Woodbury is an Iron Age hillfort situated in the parish of Stoke Fleming, close to Dartmouth in Devon, England. The fort is situated on a promontory on the southern side of Norton Down at approximately 145 metres (476 ft) above sea level.

Dartmouth, Devon
Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/) is a town and civil parish in the English county of Devon. It is a tourist destination set on the western bank of the estuary of the River Dart, which is a long narrow tidal ria that runs inland as far as Totnes. It lies within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and South Hams district, and had a population of 5,512 in 2001, reducing to 5,064 at the 2011 census. There are two electoral wards in the Dartmouth area (Townstal & Kingswear). Their combined population at the above census was 6,822.
1989 Virginia Slims of Washington – Singles
Martina Navratilova was the defending champion of the singles title at the Virginia Slims of Washington tennis tournament but did not compete that year.

Graf won in the final 6–1, 7–5 against Zina Garrison.

Zina Garrison
Zina Lynna Garrison (born November 16, 1963) is an American former professional tennis player. Garrison was the runner-up in singles at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships, a three-time major mixed doubles champion, and an Olympic gold and bronze medalist from the women's doubles and singles events, respectively, at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 4, on 20 November 1989.
Gregory Areshian
Gregory Areshian (13 May 1949 – 2 August 2020) was an Armenian-American archeologist and historian who was a professor at American University of Armenia. He was the co-director of the international team of archeologists who, led by Boris Gasparyan, found the 5,500 years old shoe in and the oldest winery in Areni of which Areshian said:

For the first time, we have a complete archaeological picture of wine production dating back 6,100 years.

Areshian taught at 14 U.S. universities and colleges including; the University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Irvine, University of Chicago, University of Wisconsin, Platteville, and Amherst College. He is the author of more than 150 scholarly works published in 5 languages in 12 countries, mostly devoted to interdisciplinary studies in social sciences and the humanities with a special focus on the Middle East and Armenia in a broader historical context.

University of Wisconsin–Platteville
University of Wisconsin–Platteville (UW–Platteville or UW Platt) is a public university in Platteville, Wisconsin, United States. Part of the University of Wisconsin System, it offers bachelor's and master's degrees across three colleges and enrolls approximately 6,500 students as of 2022.
Recreation Time in the Amsterdam Orphanage
Recreation Time in the Amsterdam Orphanage (German: Freistunde im Amsterdamer Waisenhaus) is an oil on canvas painting by the German painter Max Liebermann, from 1881 to 1882. It depicts a scene that takes place in the courtyard of the orphanage in the Kalverstraat in Amsterdam. The style of the work is realistic with impressionistic tendencies. It is held in the Städel, in Frankfurt am Main.

Städel
The Städel, officially the Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, is an art museum in Frankfurt, with one of the most important collections in Germany. The museum is located at the Museumsufer on the Sachsenhausen bank of the River Main. The Städel Museum owns 3,100 paintings, 660 sculptures, more than 4,600 photographs and more than 100,000 drawings and prints. It has around 7,000 m2 (75,000 ft2) of display and a library of 115,000 books.

In 2012, the Städel was honoured as Museum of the Year by the German art critics association AICA. In the same year the museum recorded the highest attendance figures in its history, of 447,395 visitors. In 2020 the museum had 318,732 visitors, down 45 percent from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked 71st on the list of most-visited art museums in 2020.
Jean-Marc Manducher
Jean-Marc Manducher (4 August 1948 – 30 April 2020) was a French businessperson and sports executive.

He was President of Oyonnax Rugby from 1995 to 2015, and then was vice-president of the French National Rugby League.

Oyonnax Rugby
Oyonnax Rugby (French pronunciation: [ɔjɔna ʁyɡbi]) is a French professional rugby union club based in Oyonnax and competing in the Pro D2. Founded in 1949 and located in the Ain montainous department, the club plays its home matches at the 11,400-capacity Stade Charles-Mathon, the highest stadium in the league at 532 metres (1,745 ft) and wears black and red jerseys.
Verkhnyakivtsi
Verkhnyakivtsi (Ukrainian: Верхняківці, Polish: Wierzchniakowce), a village in Ukraine, is located within Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast. It belongs to Borshchiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Borshchiv urban hromada
Borshchiv urban hromada (Ukrainian: Борщівська міська громада, romanized: Borshchivska miska hromada) is a hromada of Ukraine, in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast. Its administrative centre is Borshchiv. The hromada has a population of 28,717 (2022 estimate)

Until 18 July 2020, the hromada belonged to Borshchiv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Borshchiv Raion was merged into Chortkiv Raion.
Cochylimorpha perfusana
Cochylimorpha perfusana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in France, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary and Romania, as well as on Corsica.

The wingspan is 18–23 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to September.

The larvae feed on Centaurea stoebe and Centaurea triumfetti. Larvae can be found in June.

Centaurea stoebe
Centaurea stoebe, the spotted knapweed or panicled knapweed, is a species of Centaurea native to eastern Europe, although it has spread to North America, where it is considered an invasive species. It forms a tumbleweed, helping to increase the species' reach, and the seeds are also enabled by a feathery pappus.
Don't Mess Up My Tempo
Don't Mess Up My Tempo (stylized in all caps) is the fifth studio album by South Korean boy band Exo. It was released on November 2, 2018, by SM Entertainment. Member Lay is featured in the Chinese version of lead track, "Tempo", marking his first appearance with the group since Winter EP, For Life (2016). It is available in four versions: Allegro, Moderato, Andante and Vivace, named after types of tempo. The album debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart. The album was repackaged as Love Shot on December 13, 2018.

SM Entertainment
SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. It is one of South Korea's largest entertainment companies and has been responsible for fostering and popularizing the careers of many K-pop stars garnering huge global fanbases. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. SM Entertainment is known for having led the worldwide K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of "Hallyu", also known as the "Korean Wave", with early overseas successes such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and BoA.

The label currently represents K-pop artists such as Kangta, TVXQ, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, Aespa, Riize, Naevis, and Hearts2Hearts.
The Ambitious Stepmother
The Ambitious Stepmother is a 1700 tragedy by the British writer Nicholas Rowe. It was his debut play. Rowe set his play in Biblical times, but it had strong subtexts of the contemporary questions about the British succession that led to the Act of Settlement in 1701. At the court of Persia, Artemisa schemes against her stepson Artaxerses.

The original cast included John Verbruggen as Artaxerses, Barton Booth as Artaban, Thomas Betterton as Memnon, John Bowman as Magas, George Pack as Cleanthes, Elizabeth Barry as Artemisa, Elizabeth Bowman as Cleone and Anne Bracegirdle as Amestris.

The play was dedicated to Edward Villiers, the Right Honourable Earl of Jersey, Lord Chamberlain of His Majesty's Household.

Anne Bracegirdle
Anne Bracegirdle (possibly 1671 – 12 September 1748) was an English actress and soprano. Most of the plays she performed in involved singing as well as acting. She often performed music written for her by the composer John Eccles, and also sung music written for her by Henry Purcell. She became particularly well known for the song "I burn" which Eccles originally wrote for Bracegirdle to perform in Thomas D'Urfey's play The Comical History of Don Quixote (1694). She also sang music by Eccles in the play The Richmond Heiress (1693) and in William Congreve opera The Judgment of Paris (1701, as Venus). In 1706 she starred in Giuseppe Fedeli's opera The Temple of Love.
2013–14 AIK IF season
The 2013–14 AIK IF season was AIK's 30th season in the Swedish Hockey League (formerly known as Elitserien), the top division in Sweden. They finished in 10th place in the regular season and failed to qualify for the playoffs.

AIK IF
Allmänna Idrottsklubben Ishockeyförening (abbreviated AIK IF, also known as AIK Hockey, often abbreviated AIK in hockey subjects), is the ice hockey department of sports club AIK based in Stockholm, Sweden. Since 2014, AIK's men's team compete in HockeyAllsvenskan, the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden, following a four-year spell in the top flight, the SHL. The women's team competes in Swedish Women's Hockey League, the highest division of women's ice hockey. AIK's home games are mainly played at Hovet, which seats 8,094 spectators, though some high-profile games may be played at Avicii Arena which has a larger capacity of 13,850.

In the team's 104-year history, AIK has played 66 seasons in Sweden's top division, 27 of which in the SHL. They have won the Le Mat Trophy as Swedish champions in ice hockey seven times (in 1934, 1935, 1938, 1946, 1947, 1982, and 1984) and have been runners-up an additional six times (in 1930, 1936, 1940, 1968, 1978, and 1981).
Irina Filishtinskaya
Irina Filishtinskaya (born 14 June 1990) is a Russian volleyball player for WVC Dinamo Kazan and the Russian national team.

She participated at the 2017 Women's European Volleyball Championship,. and 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.

2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix was the 25th edition of the annual women's international volleyball tournament played by 32 teams between 7 July and 6 August. The Group 1 Final Round was held in Nanjing, China.

Defending champions Brazil won their record twelfth title in the tournament after a 3–2 win over Italy. Serbia captured their third bronze medal in the competition by defeating China in a rematch of the previous year's Olympic final. Natália Pereira from Brazil was elected the MVP for the second straight year.

In the Group 2 finals held in Ostrava, Czech Republic, Poland defeated South Korea in straight sets.

Moreover, Hungary finished atop of Group 3 at their first-ever World Grand Prix participation after a 3–0 win over the home team in the final match in Canberra, Australia.
Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap event at the 2012 Olympic Games took place on 5 and 6 August 2012 at the Royal Artillery Barracks. There were 34 competitors from 27 nations. The event was won by Giovanni Cernogoraz of Croatia, the nation's first medal in the men's trap. Massimo Fabbrizi of Italy took silver, the third consecutive silver and fourth Games on the podium for Italy (Giovanni Pellielo had taken bronze in 2000 and silver in 2004 and 2008; he finished 8th this year, but would be back to win another silver in 2016). Kuwait, like Croatia, earned its first medal in the men's trap; Fehaid Al-Deehani took bronze.

Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich
Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich, is a barracks of the British Army which forms part of Woolwich Garrison. The Royal Regiment of Artillery had its headquarters here from 1776 until 2007, when it was moved to Larkhill Garrison.
Virola parvifolia
Virola parvifolia is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is endemic to Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela.

It is a tree between 4–14 m tall with simple elliptical leaves 5–11 cm long by 3–5 cm wide.  The density of its wood is 0.42 g/cm3.

Myristicaceae
The Myristicaceae are a family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, Myristica fragrans, the source of the spices nutmeg and mace. The best known genera are Myristica in Asia and Virola in the Neotropics.

The family consists of about 21 genera with about 520 species of trees, shrubs and rarely lianas (Pycnanthus) found in tropical forests around the world. Most of the species are large trees that are valued in the timber industry.
Dentelin
Dentelin was a region of the Frankish Empire disputed between Austrasia and Neustria.

Mentioned in the Chronicle of Fredegar, the Duchy of Dentelin included far north-eastern parts of modern France and south-western parts of Belgium. The cities of Boulogne-sur-Mer, Thérouanne, Tournai, Arras, and Cambrai lay within the duchy.

Dentelin formed part of the inheritance of the Merovingian king of Neustria Chlothar II, but was lost by him to his cousins, Theudebert II and Theuderic II, following the battle of Dormelles in 599.

Chlothar, who outlasted his rival kinsmen and became sole Frankish king, retained Dentelin when he installed his son Dagobert I as king of Austrasia in 623. When Dagobert died in 639, Dentelin was included in Neustria, and remained part of that kingdom afterwards.

Thérouanne
Thérouanne ([teʁ.wan]; West Flemish: Terenburg; Dutch Terwaan) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Aire-sur-la-Lys and 13 km (8.1 mi) south of Saint-Omer, on the river Lys.
Wayne Haensel
Wayne Haensel (May 21, 1936 – November 22, 2012) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at South Dakota State University in Brookings, South Dakota from 1982 to 1990, compiling a record of 45–52. Haensal was selected by the New York Giants in the 1958 NFL draft and participated in off-season tryouts with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (NFL).

South Dakota State University
South Dakota State University (SDSU or SD State) is a public land-grant research university in Brookings, South Dakota, United States. Founded in 1881, it is the state's largest university and is the second oldest continually operating university in the state. The university is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents.

South Dakota State University is a land-grant university founded under the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act. This land-grant heritage and mission has led the university to place a special focus on academic programs in agriculture, engineering, nursing, and pharmacy, as well as liberal arts. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The graduate program is classified as Doctoral, Science, Technology, Engineering, Math dominant.
Casamance River
The Casamance River (French: Fleuve Casamance) in Senegal flows westward for the most part into the Atlantic Ocean along a path about 200 miles (320 km) in length. However, only 80 miles (130 km) are navigable.  The Casamance is the principal river of the Kolda, Sédhiou, and Ziguinchor Regions in the southern portion of Senegal. It is located between the Gambia River to the north and the Cacheu and Geba rivers to the south.

There is a bridge at Ziguinchor, one of the most important towns on the river, that connects it to Bignona on the north bank.  Other important settlements on its banks include Goudomp, Sedhiou, Diattakounda, Tanaff, and Kolda.

The river is named after the Kasa Mansa, or king of the precolonial Kasa kingdom.

Regions of Senegal
Senegal is subdivided into 14 regions (French: régions, singular – région), each of which is administered by a Conseil Régional (pl.: Conseils Régionaux) elected by population weight at the arrondissement level. 
Senegal is further subdivided into 46 departments, 103 arrondissements (neither of which have administrative function) and by collectivités locales (the 14 regions, 110 communes, and 320 communautés rurales) which elect administrative officers. Three of these regions were created on 10 September 2008, when Kaffrine Region was split from Kaolack, Kédougou region was split from Tambacounda, and Sédhiou region was split from Kolda.

To date, all regions take their name from their regional capitals.
Premetro
Premetro (or pre-metro) is a type of light rail designed for eventual conversion to a full rapid transit (also known as a metro). These systems typically include infrastructure such as tunnels, viaducts, and dedicated rights-of-way to separate them from other traffic, built to metro standards with wider curves and gentler gradients than conventional light rail lines. However, they often include sections without full segregation, limiting immediate conversion. Premetros are usually operated with light rail vehicles or trams until an upgrade is implemented.

Several cities have referred to portions of their light rail networks as a pre-metro, including Brussels and Antwerp. Additionally, Buenos Aires has a line light rail line named Premetro, however this operates as a feeder line to the metro network, and was not built with plans for conversion to full rapid transit.

Grade separation
In civil engineering (and more specifically, highway or railway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other.  The composition of such transport axes does not have to be uniform; it can consist of a mixture of roads, footpaths, railways, canals, or airport runways. Bridges (or overpasses, also called flyovers), tunnels (or underpasses), or a combination of both can be built at a junction to achieve the needed grade separation.

In North America, a grade-separated junction may be referred to as a grade separation or as an interchange—in contrast with an intersection, at-grade, a diamond crossing or a level crossing, which are not grade-separated.
Samjhawan
"Samjhawan" (transl. Explain) (alias "Main Tenu Samjhawan Ki") is a romantic song from the 2014 Hindi film Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania. Re-created by Sharib−Toshi, the song is sung by Arijit Singh and Shreya Ghoshal, with lyrics by Ahmad Anees and Kumaar. The song was originally composed by Sahir Ali Bagga and sung by Rahat Fateh Ali Khan for the Punjabi film Virsa. An unplugged version of this song sung by Alia Bhatt, was released on 2 July 2014.

Sahir Ali Bagga
Sahir Ali Bagga is a Pakistani singer, music director and composer from Lahore, who composes music for Lollywood and other independent singers.

Recently he has composed music for the Pakistani movie, Zinda Bhaag (2013). He also worked on the soundtrack of Pakistani movies, Hijrat (2016) and Tamanna (2014), contributing two songs to the latter; Koi Dil Mein and Chell Oi.

He has also composed music of Hum TV's Ishq-e-Benaam. He gained some added recognition by appearing on Coke Studio (Pakistan). "Yeh mumkin tou nahin", "Malang", "Baazi", "Rab Waaris", "Roye Roye", "Dhola" and "Badnamiyan" are his famous soundtracks.