hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vicksburg
Vicksburg most commonly refers to:

Vicksburg, Mississippi, a city in western Mississippi, United States

The Vicksburg campaign, an American Civil War campaign

The Siege of Vicksburg, an American Civil War battle

Vicksburg is also the name of some places in the United States:

Vicksburg, Arizona

Vicksburg, Colorado, a ghost mining community listed on the National Register of Historic Places

Vicksburg, Florida, a ghost town

Vicksburg, Indiana

Vicksburg, Michigan

Vicksburg, Minnesota

Vicksburg, Missouri

Vicksburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania

Vicksburg, Union County, Pennsylvania

Vicksburg National Military Park

Vicksburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania
Vicksburg is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in southern Blair County, in the southern corner of Blair Township. It is bordered to the northwest by the Morrisons Cove Branch of the former Pennsylvania Railroad and to the southeast by Reservoir Road, which leads south 0.6 miles (1.0 km) to McKee and northeast 6 miles (10 km) to Loop.

Vicksburg sits at the western base of Short Mountain, a ridge which continues south of McKee as Dunning Mountain.
Stack Waddy
Stack Waddy were an English blues rock band from Timperley, Cheshire, who were active in the late 1960s and early 1970s and again in 2007. Signed to John Peel's Dandelion label, the original line-up of John Knail, Mick Stott (born 1945, Salford, Lancashire died 6 January 2015), Stuart Banham and Steve Revel (replaced by John Groom on second album) released two albums and singles before breaking up for a while in 1973.

On 24 January 1972 (transmitted on 18 February), the band also recorded a performance for the John Peel BBC Radio 1 show, the tracks were: "Hoochie Coochie Man", "Rock Me Baby", "You Really Got Me" and "Willie the Pimp".

They have reconvened several times with their second line-up of Knail, Stott, Banham and Groom; with the last get together for the Dandelion Records biographical DVD film shoot in July 2007.

Timperley
Timperley is a suburban village in the borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Cheshire, it is approximately six miles southwest of central Manchester. The population at the 2021 census was 11,323.
Tono River
The Tono River (Portuguese: Ribeira de Tono or Rio Tono, Tetum: Mota Tono) is the principal river of Oecusse, an exclave of Timor-Leste. The river and its major tributaries flow generally north, through the centre of the exclave, into the Savu Sea, reaching the sea near Lifau. Its alluvial flood plain in Pante Macassar administrative post is the main rice-producing place in Oecusse.

Citrana
Citrana is a small town in the Timor-Leste exclave of Oecusse Special Administrative Region. It is located in the far west of the exclave, close to the mouth of the Noel Besi River, which forms part of the border with Indonesia.
Joseph Raphael (politician)
Joseph George Raphael (16 February 1818 – 2 February 1879) was an English-born Australian politician.

He was born in London to Phillip Raphael, a merchant, and his wife Grace. He migrated to Sydney in 1839, working as a draper and acquiring his own general dealership by 1842. On 30 December 1840, he married Maria Moses, with whom he had five daughters. Active in the business community, he was a Sydney City Councillor from 1860 to 1866 and from 1870 to 1872. In 1872, he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for West Sydney, but he was defeated in 1874. Raphael died in Sydney in 1879.

Electoral district of West Sydney
West Sydney was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian State of New South Wales created in 1859 from part of the electoral district of Sydney, covering the western part of the current Sydney central business district, Ultimo and Pyrmont, bordered by George Street, Broadway, Bay Street and Wentworth Park. It elected four members simultaneously, with voters casting four votes and the first four candidates being elected. For the 1894 election, it was replaced by the single-member electorates of Sydney-Gipps, Sydney-Lang, Sydney-Denison and Sydney-Pyrmont.
Selden D. Bacon
Selden Daskam Bacon (10 September 1909 in Pleasantville, New York – 6 December 1992 in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts) was a Yale professor of sociology and an alcoholism researcher. He was director of the Center of Alcohol Studies at Rutgers University from 1962 to 1975. Together with E. Morton Jellinek and Howard W. Haggard, he was an important developer of the disease model of alcohol addiction in the 1940s.

Disease model of addiction
The disease model of addiction describes an addiction as a disease with genetic, biological, neurological or environmental origin.  The traditional medical model of disease requires only an abnormal condition causing distress, discomfort or dysfunction to an affected individual. The contemporary medical model partly attributes addiction to changes in the brain's mesolimbic pathway.  The model also considers these diseases as a result of other biological, psychological or sociological entities, despite an incomplete understanding of their mechanisms. The common biomolecular mechanisms underlying addiction – CREB and ΔFosB – were reviewed by Eric J. Nestler in a 2013 review. Genetics and mental disorders may precipitate the severity of a drug addiction. It is estimated that 50% of healthy individuals developing an addiction can trace the cause to genetic factors.
Henry Clay Sevier
Henry Clay "Happy" Sevier, Sr. (January 24, 1896 – June 1, 1974) was a lawyer and politician from Tallulah, Louisiana. One of a large political family, he served from 1936 to 1952 as a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Madison Parish.

Madison Parish, Louisiana
Madison Parish (French: Paroisse de Madison) is a parish located on the northeastern border of the U.S. state of Louisiana, in the delta lowlands along the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,017. Its parish seat is Tallulah. It was created by the Louisiana legislature on January 19, 1838, from part of Concordia Parish and was organized by 1839.
 With a history of cotton plantations and pecan farms, the parish economy continues to be primarily agricultural. It has a majority African-American population. For years a ferry connected Delta, Louisiana (and traffic from the parish) to Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Vicksburg Bridge now carries U.S. Route 80 and Interstate 20 across the river into Madison Parish.
Package tour
A package tour, package vacation, or package holiday comprises transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a tour operator. Other services may be provided such as a rental car, activities or outings during the holiday. Transport can be via automobile, bus, or charter airline and may also include travel between areas as part of the holiday. Package holidays are a form of product bundling.

Package holidays are organised by tour operators and sold to consumers by travel agents. Some travel agents are employees of tour operators, while others are independent.

TUI Group
TUI AG (trading as TUI Group) is a German multinational leisure, travel and tourism company; it is the largest such company in the world. TUI is an acronym for Touristik Union International ("Tourism Union International"). TUI AG was known as Preussag AG until 1997, when the company changed its activities from mining to tourism. It is headquartered in Hanover, Germany, and trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and Hanover Stock Exchange.

It fully or partially owns several travel agencies, hotel chains, cruise lines and retail shops as well as five European airlines. These activities involve the operation of 353 hotels with 275,144 beds and it allows its brand to be used for another 65 hotels operated by third parties. These hotels accommodate 21 million guests a year. It also operates 16 cruise ships under the TUI Cruises, Hapag-Lloyd Cruises and Marella Cruises brands, as well as a fleet of 134 aircraft.
Paul Klebnikov
Paul Klebnikov (Russian: Павел Юрьевич Хлебников, romanized: Pavel Yurievich Khlebnikov; June 3, 1963  – July 9, 2004) was an American journalist and historian of Russia. He worked for Forbes magazine for more than 10 years and at the time of his death was chief editor of the Russian edition of Forbes. His murder in Moscow in 2004 was seen as a blow against investigative journalism in Russia. Three Chechens accused of taking part in the murder were acquitted. Though the murder appeared to be the work of assassins for hire, as of 2022, the alleged organizers of the murder had yet to be identified. According to another version, widely reported in Russian media, Klebnikov was killed by a close associate to the high-ranking member of Lazansky organized criminal gang linked both to the Russian FSS service and Boris Berezovsky, a Russian oligarch.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
Argyrochosma dealbata
Argyrochosma dealbata, the powdery false cloak fern, is a small fern endemic to the central and southern United States. It grows on calcareous rocks, such as limestone. Its leaves are highly divided, with leaf segments joined by shiny, chestnut-brown axes, and their undersides are coated with white powder, giving the fern its name. First described as a species in 1814, it was transferred to the new genus Argyrochosma in 1987.

Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek  σπορά (sporá) 'seed' and  ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) 'vessel'; pl.: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis.
Timeline of music in the United States (1850–1879)
This timeline of music in the United States covers the period from 1850 to 1879. It encompasses the California Gold Rush, the Civil War and Reconstruction, and touches on topics related to the intersections of music and law, commerce and industry, religion, race, ethnicity, politics, gender, education, historiography and academics. Subjects include folk, popular, theatrical and classical music, as well as Anglo-American, African American, Native American, Irish American, Arab American, Catholic, Swedish American, Shaker and Chinese American music.

Celtic music in the United States
Irish, Scottish and Welsh music have been a part of American music dating back to the 18th century colonial era, when many Irish immigrants arrived. These included many Scots-Irish Presbyterians, whose music was most "closely related to a Lowland Scottish style" . Beginning in the 1960s, performers like the Clancy Brothers achieved fame in the Irish music scene.

An impact of Celtic music on American styles is the evolution of country music, a style which blends Anglo-Celtic traditions with "sacred hymns and African American spirituals".  Country music's roots come from "Americanized interpretations of English, Scottish and Scots-Irish traditional music, shaped by containing vestiges of (19th century) popular song, especially (minstrel songs)" .

Celtic-Americans have also been influential in the creation of Celtic fusion, a set of genres which combine traditional Celtic music with contemporary influences.
HMS Mameluke
HMS Mameluke was an Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on the preceding L class, capable of higher speeds. The ship, the first Royal Navy vessel to be named after the Mamelukes, a class of ex-slaves that ruled Egypt, was launched in 1915. The destroyer joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla and, although under refit during the Battle of Jutland and so unable to participate, later took part in anti-submarine operations as part of this flotilla, although no submarines were sighted or sunk. The conditions of service in the North Sea meant that the destroyer was soon worn out and, after the armistice, Mameluke was placed in reserve. Despite a service life of only six years, the vessel was decommissioned and, in 1921, sold to be broken up.

Miles per hour
Miles per hour (mph, m.p.h., MPH, or mi/h) is a British imperial and United States customary unit of speed expressing the number of miles travelled in one hour. It is used in the United Kingdom, the United States, and a number of smaller countries, most of which are UK or US territories, or have close historical ties with the UK or US.
French ship La Galissonnière
At least three ships of the French Navy have borne the name La Galissonnière:

French ironclad La Galissonnière, lead ship of the La Galissonnière-class ironclad launched in 1872 and stricken in 1894

French cruiser La Galissonnière, lead ship of the La Galissonnière-class cruiser launched in 1933 and scuttled in 1942. Raised by Italy in 1943 and renamed FR 12, she was again sunk in 1944

French destroyer La Galissonnière, sixth and last ship of the T 53-class destroyer launched in 1960 and decommissioned in 1990.

T 53-class destroyer
The T 53 class were the second group of destroyers built for the French Navy after World War II. These ships were a modified version of the T 47-class destroyers. The main difference with the preceding ships was the provision of improved air warning and tracking radars as well as an anti-submarine mortar. The ships were built between 1957 and 1958 and were decommissioned in the late 1970s or early 1980s. A single modified ship La Galissonnière was built as a trials ship for a new generation of French weapons. This ship was designated as the T 56 class.
Ayagawa Gorōji
Ayagawa Gorōji (Japanese: 綾川 五郎次; c. 1703 – March 14, 1765) was a Japanese sumo wrestler, who is formally recognised as the second yokozuna.

Ayagawa came from Tochigi prefecture and was promoted to ōzeki in 1717. According to tradition, he was the strongest wrestler in the Genbun era. He was a famous sumo wrestler in Edo, Osaka and Kyoto. The 17th Oikaze of the Yoshida family, allowed Ayagawa to be his pupil. Very little is known about his sumo career. He was of legendary size, perhaps 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall and 150 kg (330 lb) in weight.

He died on March 14, 1765. His grave can be found in Tochigi.

It was not until over 150 years after his death that he was recognised as the 2nd yokozuna by later yokozuna Jinmaku when he was compiling a formal list for a monument.

His career predates banzuke and tournament records so no record of his rank and bouts exists.

Tochigi (city)
Tochigi (栃木市, Tochigi-shi) is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 June 2023,  the city had an estimated population of 151,842 in 66,018 households, and a population density of 458 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 331.50 square kilometres (127.99 sq mi). Because the city escaped war damage during World War II, many historical temples, traditional shops and kura (Japanese traditional storehouses) remain in the city center. The city was awarded the "Utsukushii-machinami Taisho" prize from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 2009.
Ajiro
Ajiro (Japanese: 網代) is a small coastal town located in Izu, the southern part of Atami, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was initially established as "Ajiro Village" in 1889 when the municipal system was enacted during the Meiji era. The town has its own fishing port and onsen.

Izu Province
Izu Province (伊豆国, Izu no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [i.(d)zɯ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area now part of Shizuoka Prefecture and Tokyo.  Izu bordered on Sagami and Suruga Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Zushū (豆州).

The mainland portion of Izu Province, comprising the Izu Peninsula, is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture and the Izu Islands are now part of Tokyo.
Eugene R. Merriam
Eugene R. "Gene" Merriam (born November 1, 1944) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Merriam graduated from Benilde-St. Margaret's High School in 1962. Merriam served in the United States Marine Corps. In 1967, Merriam graduated from University of Minnesota and was a certified public accountant. He lived in Coon Rapids, Minnesota. He served on the Coon Rapids City Council in 1973 and 1974 and was a Democrat. From 1975 until 1997, Merriam served in the Minnesota State Senate. From 2003 to 2007, Merriam served as commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

Benilde-St. Margaret's
Benilde-St. Margaret's is a Catholic, co-educational private prep school for grades 6–12 located in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, that draws its over one thousand students from throughout the Twin Cities Metro Area.  It is located in the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.
Snell Creek
38°42′13″N 122°24′41″W﻿ / ﻿38.70361°N 122.41139°W﻿ / 38.70361; -122.41139

Snell Creek is a 2.1-mile-long (3.4 km) watercourse in Napa County, California. It is situated approximately five miles north of Aetna Springs and is a tributary of Butts Creek, which ultimately merges into Putah Creek.

Napa County, California
Napa County (/ˈnæpə/ ⓘ) is a county north of San Pablo Bay located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 138,019. The county seat is the City of Napa. Napa County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Parts of the county's territory were given to Lake County in 1861.

Napa County comprises the Napa, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is one of four North Bay counties.

Napa County, once the producer of many different crops, is known today for its regional wine industry. Napa County rose to the first rank of wine regions, along with France, when local wineries Stag's Leap Wine Cellars and Chateau Montelena won the "Judgment of Paris" in 1976.
Mitchell Daily Republic
The Mitchell Daily Republic is a daily newspaper published in Mitchell, South Dakota.  The paper's circulation is reported to be 9,859 and primarily serves Davison County, South Dakota. It was founded in 1934 and is currently owned by the Forum Communications Company out of Fargo, North Dakota.

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
Ryjan
Ryjan was a make of French automobile produced by the Grillet company between 1920 and 1926.   The factory was established in what was then a small town, a short distance to the west of Paris, called Chatou.  In 1925  production was relocated to Nanterre in the west of the country.

Chatou
Chatou (French pronunciation: [ʃatu] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Chatou is a part of the affluent suburbs of western Paris and is on the northwest side of the Seine river about 14 km (9 mi) from the city's center.
Southminster railway station
Southminster railway station is the eastern terminus of the Crouch Valley Line in Essex, England; it serves the town of Southminster and other settlements on the Dengie Peninsula. It is 45 miles 42 chains (73.27 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street. The station is managed by Greater Anglia, which operates all services. The Engineer's Line Reference for the line is WIS and the station's three-letter station code is SMN. The platform has an operational length for 8 carriages. The preceding station to the west is Burnham-on-Crouch.

Greater Anglia
GA Trains Limited, trading as Greater Anglia, is a British state-owned train operating company that provides commuter and inter-city services from its Central London terminus at Liverpool Street station to Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk and parts of Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire, as well as many regional services throughout the East of England.

It took over the services of the operator of the same name from Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co on 12 October 2025.
Austroalpine nappes
The Austroalpine nappes are a geological nappe stack system in the European Alps. They are structurally on top of the Penninic (meaning they were thrust over them).  The prefix Austro in this term refers to Austria, rather than south/southern. This is because the bulk of the Austroalpine nappes (which constitute the Eastern Alps except for some tectonic windows) is in Austria, although they also reach into Eastern Switzerland. The western boundary of the Eastern Alps is the Lake Constance - Chur – Lake Como line.

Chur
Chur is the capital and largest town of the Swiss canton of the Grisons and lies in the Grisonian Rhine Valley, where the Rhine turns towards the north, in the northern part of the canton. The city, on the right bank of the Rhine, is reputedly the oldest town in Switzerland.

The official language of Chur is German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic, known as Grisonian German. Romansh and Italian are significantly spoken in the city as a result of the trilingual identity of the canton.

On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Maladers merged into Chur and on 1 January 2021 Haldenstein also merged. On 1 January 2025 the former municipality of Tschiertschen-Praden merged into Chur.