hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhammad Saifullah Khan
Muhammad Saifullah Khan (1930–2014), widely known as Haji Saifullah, was a Pakistani politician, lawyer and federal minister. Rising from the rural bar of Liaquatpur, he went on to lead the first organised opposition in the non-party National Assembly of Pakistan elected in 1985. He later served as Federal Minister for Religious Affairs and Minorities from March 1987 until the dismissal of the Junejo government on 29 May 1988.

Rahim Yar Khan
Rahim Yar Khan (Urdu: رحیم یار خان, romanized: Rahīm Yār Khān; Urdu pronunciation: [ɾəɦiːm jɑːɾ xɑːn]) is a city in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 21st most populous city in Pakistan and is the capital of the Rahim Yar Khan District. The city's administration is divided into nine union councils. Originally named Noshehra, it was renamed to Rahim Yar Khan in honour of the son of Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV.
Marrangaroo railway viaduct
The Marrangaroo railway viaduct is a heritage-listed railway viaduct that carries the Main Western Line across Marrangaroo Creek at Marrangaroo in the City of Lithgow local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The property added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

John Whitton
John Whitton (1820 near Wakefield, Yorkshire, England – 20 February 1898) was an Anglo–Australian railway engineer, who was the Engineer-in-Charge for the New South Wales Government Railways, serving between 1856 and 1890, considered the Father of New South Wales Railways. Under his supervision, it is estimated that 2,171 miles (3,494 km) of railway around New South Wales and Victoria were completed. Whitton was responsible for the construction of parts of the Main Western railway line, in particular the section over the Blue Mountains and the Lithgow Zig Zag, and much of the Main Southern railway line.
2021 Big 12 Conference women's soccer tournament
The 2021 Big 12 Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference held from October 31 to November 7, 2021. The 7-match tournament was held at the Round Rock Multipurpose Complex in Round Rock, Texas. The 8-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Kansas Jayhawks were the defending champions from 2019.  There was no tournament held in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  Kansas was unable to defend its title as the team did not qualify for the tournament. TCU won the title by defeating Texas 2–1 in the final. This was the first title in school history for TCU and head coach Eric Bell. As tournament champions, TCU earned the Big 12's automatic berth into the 2021 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.

Round Rock Multipurpose Complex
Round Rock Multipurpose Complex is a multi-sports complex in Round Rock, Texas, United States and was the home of the Austin Elite of Major League Rugby. It was established in 2017 and serves people being a multi-sports complex in various sports like soccer, football, basketball. skill development training, one-on-one training, backyard sports, etc.
Mary Beal
Mary Beal (1878–1964) was a pioneering botanist who spent most of her life in Daggett, California, living at the ranch of local judge Dix Van Dyke. Though an amateur botanist, she was praised by Willis Linn Jepson for her excellent botanical specimens, and many of these were kept by the University and Jepson Herbaria to this day.

She wrote a regular botany column for the Desert Magazine from 1939 to 1953. Back issues of this publication are available online today through Desert Magazine.

A trail at the Mojave National Preserve commemorates her life and contribution to Mojave Desert botany.

Some of her papers are held at the Mojave Desert Heritage and Cultural Association and some of her paintings of Mojave Desert flowers are held at the Mojave River Valley Museum in Barstow, California. Other papers and plant specimens are held at the archives of the University and Jepson Herbaria at the University of California, Berkeley.

Barstow, California
Barstow is a city in San Bernardino County, California, in the Mojave Desert of Southern California. Located in the Inland Empire region of California, the population was 25,415 at the 2020 census. Barstow is an important crossroads for the Inland Empire and home to Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow.
Kimban orogeny
The Kimban orogeny, also termed the Strangways orogeny, affected the Gawler craton in what is now Australia between 1.73 and 1.69 billion years ago in the Proterozoic. As the most widespread orogenic event in the craton's evolution, the Kimban orogeny led to widely variable metamorphism included granulite and greenschist-grade on the sequence of metamorphic facies, preserved in the Tunkillia, Moody and Middlecamp rock suites. The Moody Suite formed late in the orogeny and was intruded with hornblende-rich granitoids and muscovite-rich leucogranites.

Metamorphic facies
A metamorphic facies is a set of mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks formed under similar pressures and temperatures. The assemblage is typical of what is formed in conditions corresponding to an area on the two dimensional graph of temperature vs. pressure (See diagram in Figure 1). Rocks which contain certain minerals can therefore be linked to certain tectonic settings, times and places in the geological history of the area. The boundaries between facies (and corresponding areas on the temperature v. pressure graph) are wide because they are gradational and approximate. The area on the graph corresponding to rock formation at the lowest values of temperature and pressure is the range of formation of sedimentary rocks, as opposed to metamorphic rocks, in a process called diagenesis.
Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt tram line
The Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt Tramway – less commonly also Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt Narrow-Gauge Railway – connected the three named towns until 1959 as a metre-gauge interurban tramway. It was opened in 1888 by the private Lokalbahn Aktien-Gesellschaft (LAG) and initially operated as a steam-powered branch line from Ravensburg to Weingarten. In 1910 it was electrified and in 1911 extended to Baienfurt.

In 1938 the line, popularly known as Zügle, Mühle, Bähnle or Lake Constance Lightning, was nationalized and thereafter, in accordance with the Verordnung über den Bau und Betrieb der Straßenbahnen (BOStrab) that came into force the same year, officially classified as a tramway. After 1938 the route was the only tramway operation owned by the German Reichsbahn, and after World War II the only tramway operation owned by the German Federal Railway.

Lokalbahn AG
The Lokalbahn AG company (Lokalbahn Aktien-Gesellschaft), or 'LAG' for short, was a private company based in Munich, Bavaria, whose lines of business was the construction and operation of branch lines (the so-called Lokalbahnen or Sekundärbahnen) in Germany and Austria-Hungary. It existed from 1887 to 1938.
Retreat River
The Retreat River, a perennial stream that is part of the Lachlan catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the central western region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia.

The Retreat River rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Shooters Hill, and flows generally to the south-west, before reaching its confluence with the Abercrombie River, near Hadley.

The river flows adjacent to the Abercrombie River National Park, with access at The Sink campground.

Campsite
Campsite, campground, and camping pitch are all related terms regarding a place used for camping (an overnight stay in an outdoor area). The usage differs between British English and American English.

In British English, a campsite is an area, usually divided into a number of camping pitches, where people can camp overnight using tents, campervans or caravans. In the US, the expression used is campground and not campsite. In American English, the term campsite generally means an area where an individual, family, group, or military unit can pitch a tent or park a camper; a campground may contain many campsites.

There are two types of campsites (US) or pitches (UK): one, a designated area with various facilities; or two, an impromptu area (as one might decide to stop while backpacking or hiking, or simply adjacent to a road through the wilderness).
Copedent
Copedent (often copedant) is a term used to describe the tuning and pedal arrangement on a pedal steel guitar and is unique to that instrument. Typically expressed in the form of a table or chart, the word is a portmanteau of "chord–pedal–arrangement and is pronounced "co-PEE-dent".  It was coined in 1969 by Steel Guitar Hall of Fame member Tom Bradshaw and first reached a wide audience in a 1972 article in Guitar Player magazine. A complete copedent includes the order of strings, their tuning, string gauges, and whether a string is plain or wound; it also indicates how any string's pitch is changed by applying a foot pedal or a knee lever. It has become an international standard used by steel guitar players and manufacturers to describe the specifications of these instruments.

Guitar Player
Guitar Player was an American magazine for guitarists, founded in 1967 in San Jose, California. It contained articles, interviews, reviews and lessons covering artists, genres and products. The magazine was last edited by Christopher Scapelliti. The print magazine ceased publication in 2024; the December issue was the magazine's last.
Torpig
Torpig, also known as Anserin or Sinowal is a type of botnet spread through systems compromised by the Mebroot rootkit by a variety of trojan horses for the purpose of collecting sensitive personal and corporate data such as bank account and credit card information.  It targets computers that use Microsoft Windows, recruiting a network of zombies for the botnet.  Torpig circumvents antivirus software through the use of rootkit technology and scans the infected system for credentials, accounts and passwords as well as potentially allowing attackers full access to the computer. It is also purportedly capable of modifying data on the computer, and can perform man-in-the-browser attacks.

By November 2008, it was estimated that Torpig had stolen the details of about 500,000 online bank accounts and credit and debit cards and was described as "one of the most advanced pieces of crimeware ever created".

Antivirus software
Antivirus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is software intended to prevent, detect, and remove malware.

Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other malware, antivirus software started to protect against other computer threats. Some products also include protection from malicious URLs, spam, and phishing.
1937 Major League Baseball season
The 1937 major league baseball season began on April 19, 1937. The regular season ended on October 3, with the New York Giants and New York Yankees as the regular season champions of the National League and American League, respectively. The postseason began with Game 1 of the 34th World Series on October 6 and ended with Game 5 on October 10. In the fifth iteration of this World Series matchup (and a rematch of the previous year), the Yankees defeated the Giants, four games to one, capturing their sixth championship in franchise history, and their second in a four-World Series run. With this victory, the Yankees became the team with the most World Series victories, a feat that continues today.

The fifth Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 7 at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C., home of the Washington Senators. The American League won, 8–3.

1937 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1937 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the fifth playing of the midsummer classic between the All-Stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 7, 1937, at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C., the home of the Washington Senators of the American League. The American League defeated the National League, 8 to 3.

The game, attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, is remembered because of a play in which Earl Averill of the Indians hit a ball that struck Cardinals pitcher Dizzy Dean on the toe, breaking it; complications from this injury shortened the career of the future Hall of Fame pitcher.
Final Copa Mustang 2008-II
The final of the 2008-II Copa Mustang was played between Independiente Medellín and América de Cali. The first leg match was won by América de Cali by an early goal in the second half. In the second leg match, América de Cali were crowned champions of the 2008-II Copa Mustang championship, giving them the chance to participate in the Copa Libertadores 2009 (same way to Independiente Medellín and giving them the championship for the thirteenth time in their history.

2009 Copa Libertadores
The 2009 Copa Libertadores de América (officially the 2009 Copa Santander Libertadores de América for sponsorship reasons) was the 50th edition of the Copa Libertadores de América, CONMEBOL's premier annual international club tournament.

The tournament was won by Argentine club Estudiantes de La Plata, who achieved their fourth Copa Libertadores title and first in 39 years. Since the inception of a preliminary round in 2004, they are the first club to start in that round and win the Copa Libertadores. Estudiantes earned a berth to play in 2010 Recopa Sudamericana and in the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup but lost both titles to LDU Quito and Barcelona respectively.
Brantley Gilbert discography
Brantley Gilbert is an American country music artist. His discography consists of seven studio albums—A Modern Day Prodigal Son (2009), Halfway to Heaven (2010), Just As I Am (2014), The Devil Don't Sleep (2017), Fire & Brimstone (2019), So Help Me God (2022), and Tattoos (2024). He has also released a total of 17 singles, 5 of which hit number one on the US Country Airplay chart.

Halfway to Heaven (album)
Halfway to Heaven is the second studio album by American country music singer Brantley Gilbert. It was released on March 16, 2010, through Average Joes Entertainment. As of January 2015, the album has sold 1,081,200 copies. The original album was produced by Gilbert along with the Atom Brothers, Jonathan Waggoner, and Jess Franklin, except for "Country Must Be Country Wide" (produced by Dann Huff) and "Dirt Road Anthem Revisited" (produced by Phive Starr Productions).
Vladimir Cukavac
Vladimir Cukavac (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Цукавац; 29 May 1884 – 7 April 1965) was a Serbian general holding the title of army general in the Royal Yugoslav Army. He commanded the 5th Army during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941 during World War II. He also served as the 23rd Dean of the Academic Board of the Yugoslav Military Academy and was its chief from 1936 to 1940.

Military Academy (Serbia)
The Military Academy of the University of Defence (Serbian: Војна академија Универзитета одбране, romanized: Vojna akademija Univerziteta odbrane) is a college devoted to military education and career development located in Belgrade, Serbia. The academy forms part of the Serbian higher education system, offering accredited graduate and postgraduate curriculum. It contains a undergraduate military college (which conducts officer training) as well as postgraduate studies.
Petrobactin
Petrobactin is a bis-catechol siderophore found in M. hydrocarbonoclasticus, A. macleodii, and the anthrax-producing B. anthracis. Like other siderophores petrobactin is a highly specific iron(III) transport ligand, contributing to the marine microbial uptake of environmental iron.

The iron-chelated petrobactin complex readily undergoes a photolytic oxidative decarboxylation due to its α-hydroxy carboxylate group, converting iron(III) to the more biologically useful iron(II).

Photodissociation
Photodissociation, photolysis, photodecomposition, or photofragmentation is a chemical reaction in which molecules of a chemical compound are broken down by absorption of light (photons). It is defined as the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule that dissociates into two fragments.

Here, “light” is broadly defined as radiation spanning the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. To break covalent bonds, photon energies corresponding to visible, UV, or VUV light are typically required, whereas IR photons may be sufficiently energetic to detach ligands from coordination complexes or to fragment supramolecular complexes.
Hilsa Assembly constituency
Hilsa Assembly constituency is one of 243 constituencies of legislative assembly of Bihar. It is a part of Nalanda Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Rajgir, Harnaut, Islampur, Nalanda, Asthawan and Biharsharif.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Huang Xihua
Huang Xihua (born c. 1966) is a Chinese politician and a representative of the Guangdong region in the National People's Congress of China.

Huang graduated from the Jiangxi Agricultural University majoring in soil. Huang is a member of the Chinese Communist Party. She served as the director of the Tourism Bureau of Huizhou in Guangdong. She later served as the Deputy Secretary-General of Huizhou's municipal government. Huang has been a deputy to the National People's Congress since 2008. In 2013, she served as a deputy to the NPC. Huang advocates for the cancellation of birth restrictions and for the liberalization of childbirth in China. On February 24, 2018, Huang was elected as a representative of the 13th National People's Congress.

13th National People's Congress
The 13th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected from October 2017 to February 2018 and was in session in the five-year period from 2018 to 2023. It held five sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year until before 2023, when the 14th National People's Congress first convened.
Karibu Airways
Karibu Airways is an inactive airline in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

It's on the List of air carriers banned in the EU. Due to two plane crashes in 2007 (see below) the confidence in the airline was lost. Subsequently, all operations came to a halt. The airline was never officially disestablished, but as of March 2009 no staff is employed anymore.

Turboprop
A turboprop is a gas-turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.

A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. Jet fuel is then added to the compressed air in the combustor, where the fuel-air mixture then combusts. The hot combustion gases expand through the turbine stages, generating power at the point of exhaust. Some of the power generated by the turbine is used to drive the compressor and electric generator. The gases are then exhausted from the turbine. In contrast to a turbojet or turbofan, the engine's exhaust gases do not provide enough power to create a major portion of the total thrust, since almost all of the engine's power is used to drive the propeller.
Rangha
Ramgha  is a former village development committee  now changed into MadhyaNepal Municipality in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. According to Geologist Dr.Harka Gurung this area lies in the centroid of Nepal.At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2327 people living in 446 individual households.

Gandaki Zone
Gandaki zone (Nepali: गण्डकी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the Western Development Region.  It was named Sapta Gandaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki, and Daraundi) that make up the Gandaki River. Pokhara served as its regional and zonal headquarter. It was also the birthplace of Bhanubhakta Acharya, first poet of Nepal.

The Gandaki Zone was home to multiple cultures which are unique in themselves. Some, like the Magar and Gurung, have attained fame much like the Gurkha people.
Itaipu, Niterói
Itaipu is a Brazilian district within the municipality of Niterói, in Rio de Janeiro state. It is located at the Oceanic Region of Niterói, which means that its beach is outside the Guanabara Bay.

In the colonial time, Itaipu had a strong economy, based on providing agricultural products to the city of Rio de Janeiro. Remains of that period are the church of São Sebastião de Itaipu and the convent of Santa Teresa (now, the Archeological Museum of Itaipu). But there was an economic decline and a consequent population decline. On the turn of the century 20 to the 21, Itaipu began to grow again, with the implantation of sewerage and the construction of many condominiums.

Today, the neighborhood has plenty of wild life, seafood restaurants, inns and historical sites.

Typical species are the Ipê, the Sagui and the Urubu.

Ipê

Sagui

Vulture

Vulture
A vulture is a bird of prey that scavenges on carrion. There are 23 extant species of vulture (including condors). Old World vultures include 16 living species native to Europe, Africa, and Asia; New World vultures are restricted to North and South America and consist of seven species.
A particular characteristic of many vultures is a bald, unfeathered head. This bare skin is thought to keep the head clean when feeding, and also plays an important role in thermoregulation.

Vultures have been observed to hunch their bodies and tuck in their heads in the cold, and open their wings and stretch their necks in the heat. They also urinate on themselves as a means of cooling their bodies.

A group of vultures in flight is called a "kettle", while the term "committee" refers to a group of vultures resting on the ground or in trees. A group of vultures that are feeding is termed a "wake".
Brenton
Brenton is an English place name and surname. The surname Brenton indicates that one's ancestors came from a place called Brenton near Exminster, Devon, south West England, the original meaning of which was "Bryni's homestead". Bryni was an Old English given name based on the word bryne, "flame".

Brenton is now also used as a given name in English-speaking countries. It has been one of the thousand most common names for boys born in the United States since 1966. The name can be commonly found in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In Australia, it is particularly associated with South Australia, where it has historically been very popular. Its popularity in Australian and the US increased in the 1980s due to the TV miniseries All the Rivers Run, based on the 1958 novel of the same name by Nancy Cato, which contained a character named Brenton Edwards.

All the Rivers Run
All the Rivers Run is an Australian historical novel by Nancy Cato, first published in 1958. It was inspired by the life of Pearl Wallace, Australia's first river boat Skipper.

It was adapted as a 1983 Australian television miniseries starring Sigrid Thornton and John Waters. The miniseries is marketed with the tagline A sweeping saga of one woman's struggle for survival.  A sequel, All the Rivers Run II, was produced in 1989.