hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caroline Dean
Dame Caroline Dean DBE FRS (born 2 April 1957) is a British plant scientist working at the John Innes Centre.  She is focused on understanding the molecular controls used by plants to seasonally judge when to flower. She is specifically interested in vernalisation — the acceleration of flowering in plants by exposure to periods of prolonged cold. She has also served on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2018.

Infosys Prize
The Infosys Prize is an annual award granted to scientists, researchers, engineers and social scientists of Indian origin (not necessarily born in India) by the Infosys Science Foundation and ranks among the highest monetary awards for research in India. The prize for each category includes a gold medallion, a citation certificate, and prize money of US$100,000 (or equivalent in Indian Rupees). The prize purse is tax free for winners living in India. The winners are selected by the jury of their respective categories, headed by the jury chairs.

In 2008, the prize was jointly awarded by the Infosys Science Foundation and National Institute of Advanced Studies for mathematics. The following year, three additional categories were added: Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Social Sciences. In 2010, Engineering and Computer Science was added as a category. In 2012, a sixth category, Humanities, was added.
Eduard, Count of Taaffe
Eduard Franz Joseph Graf von Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe (24 February 1833 – 29 November 1895) was an Austrian statesman, who served for two terms as Minister-President of Cisleithania, leading cabinets from 1868 to 1870 and 1879 to 1893. He was a scion of the Irish Taaffe noble dynasty, who held hereditary titles from two countries: Imperial Counts (Reichsgrafen) of the Holy Roman Empire and viscounts in the Peerage of Ireland (in the United Kingdom).

Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
2009 Big East Conference baseball tournament
The 2009 Big East Conference baseball tournament was held at Bright House Field in Clearwater, FL. This was the twenty fifth annual Big East Conference baseball tournament, and third to be held at Bright House Field. The Louisville Cardinals won their second tournament championship in a row and claimed the Big East Conference's automatic bid to the 2009 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. Louisville joined the league prior to the 2006 season.

Clearwater, Florida
Clearwater is a city in and the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, United States, west of Tampa and north of St. Petersburg. To the west of Clearwater lies the Gulf of Mexico and to the southeast lies Tampa Bay. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 117,292. It is the smallest of the three principal cities in the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater metropolitan area, most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay area.

Clearwater Beach is part of the city of Clearwater, but is separated from it by the Intracoastal Waterway. Cleveland Street is one of the city's historic avenues, and the city includes BayCare Ballpark and Coachman Park.

The Church of Scientology owns the majority of property in the Clearwater downtown core district.
Punia hyas
Punia hyas is a species of cicada, also known as the Top End grass pygmy, in the true cicada family, Cicadettinae subfamily and Cicadettini tribe. The species is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2020 by Australian entomologist Maxwell Sydney Moulds.

Maxwell Sydney Moulds
Maxwell Sydney Moulds (b. 1941) is an Australian entomologist. The majority of his books are written about cicadas. He led a morphological analysis that found that cicadas separate naturally into clades according to biogeographical area.
2002–03 Harty Cup
The 2002–03 Harty Cup was the 83rd staging of the Harty Cup since its establishment in hurling by the Munster Council of Gaelic Athletic Association in 1918. The competition ran from 25 September 2002 to 30 March 2003. A new format was used with the introduction of a group stage.

St Colman's College successfully defended its title at the Harty Cup final replay on 30 March 2003 at Páirc Caoimhín Ó Luing in Feenagh, 2–13 to 0–08, against St Flannan's College, in what was their seventh meeting in the final and a first meeting in two years. St Colman's College won their ninth successive Harty Cup title overall and a third consecutive title.

St Colman's College's Andrew O'Shaughnessy was the top scorer with 12–15.

Feenagh, County Limerick
Feenagh (Irish: Fíodhnach, meaning 'wooded place') is a village in west County Limerick, Ireland, ten miles from Newcastle West and six miles from Dromcolliher. The village has one shop which is located on the site of the former Royal Irish Constabulary barracks near the old village pump. There is also a butcher shop.
University of Minnesota Talented Youth Mathematics Program
The University of Minnesota Talented Youth Mathematics Program (UMTYMP) is an alternative secondary mathematics education program operated by the University of Minnesota's School of Mathematics Center for Educational Programs (MathCEP). Classes are offered in St. Cloud, Rochester, Duluth, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Program is supported by the Minnesota state legislature. UMTYMP serves some of Minnesota's most talented math students. The course structure, intensity, and workload are comparable to college-level classes in rigor.

Minnesota Legislature
The Minnesota Legislature is the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota, composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The legislature originally met at the old Territorial Capitol in Saint Paul and now convenes at the Minnesota State Capitol. The Senate consists of 67 seats, the House 134 seats and the legislators serve without term limits.

The legislature meets between January and the first Monday following the third Saturday in May each year, not to exceed 120 legislative days per biennium. Floor sessions are held in the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul.

In the 94th Legislature (2025-2026) the Democratic-Farmer-Labor (DFL) Party controls the Senate with 34 of the 67 seats and the House evenly split between the DFL and Republicans, with both parties holding 67 of the 134 seats.
22 Aquilae
22 Aquilae, abbreviated 22 Aql, is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. 22 Aquilae is its Flamsteed designation. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.59. The distance to 22 Aql can be estimated from its annual parallax shift of 4.74 mas, which yields a separation of 690 light years. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −23 km/s.

Cowley et al. (1969) assigned this star a stellar classification of A3 IV, matching an evolving subgiant star that has exhausted the hydrogen at its core. Houk and Swift (1999) reassigned it as an A-type main-sequence star with a class of A1 V. It has nearly three times the mass of the Sun and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 70 km/s. The star is radiating 161 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,453 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Yuri Gorlov
Yuri Nikolaevich Gorlov (Russian: Юрий Николаевич Горлов; born 1977) is a Belarusian politician serving as minister of agriculture and food since 2025. From 2023 to 2025, he served as inspector for the Gomel region.

Gomel region
Gomel region, also known as Gomel oblast or Homyel voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Gomel. The total area of the region is 40,400 square kilometres (15,600 sq mi). As of 2024, it had a population of 1,338,617.

Its largest settlements include Gomel, Mazyr, Zhlobin, Svyetlahorsk, Rechytsa, Kalinkavichy, Rahachow and Dobrush.

Both Gomel region and Mogilev region suffered severely from the Chernobyl disaster. Gomel Province borders the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in places, and parts of it have been designated as mandatory or voluntary resettlement areas as a result of the radioactive contamination.
The Fabulous Knobs
The Fabulous Knobs is an American rock band formed in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1978. They were one of the key players in the North Carolina music scene during the 1980s, frequently performing at venues in downtown Raleigh. One contemporary reviewer noted, "With skin-tight rhythms and spare, jangling guitar lines, The Fabulous Knobs play punchy dance music that vacillates between R&B and new wave".

Dan Baird
Daniel John Baird (born December 12, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and producer. He is best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist from the 1980s rock band The Georgia Satellites. Baird formed The Georgia Satellites in 1980 and left the band in 1990 to pursue a solo career. He is often credited as one of the pioneers in cowpunk and alt-country music, which combines elements of rock music, country music, outlaw country, and punk rock.
2008–09 in Swiss football
The following is a summary of the 2009–10 season of competitive football in Switzerland.

Statistics of the Swiss Super League for the 2008–09 football season.

Statistics of the Swiss Challenge League for the 2008–09 football season.

Statistics of the Swiss 1. Liga for the 2008–09 football season.

Statistics of the 2. Liga Interregional for the 2008–09 football season.

Statistics of the Swiss Cup for the 2008–09 football season.

Swiss Challenge League
The Challenge League (known as the Dieci Challenge League for sponsorship reasons) is the second-highest tier of the Swiss football league system and lower of two professional leagues in the country. Ten teams play in the Challenge League; the winners of the league are promoted to the Super League, while the bottom-placed team is relegated to the Promotion League.
Albert Schnelzer
Albert Schnelzer (born 3 June 1972, Värmland) is a Swedish composer.

As a youth, Schnelzer was a keyboard player in a rock band.  He later became a student at the Malmö Academy of Music from 1994 to 2000.  His teachers in Sweden included Sven-David Sandström and Rolf Martinsson, and he was a conducting pupil of Gunnar Staern and Lars Jensen.  In the UK, Schnelzer studied music at the Royal College of Music, where his teachers included Julian Anderson.  He continued his conducting studies with John Carewe.

In 1998, Schnelzer won the "Composer of Tomorrow" competition with the orchestral work Erupto.  He joined the Society of Swedish Composers in 2001.  He became better known outside of Sweden with his piano trio Predatory Dances, composed on commission from Radio France and premiered at the Présence Festival in 2004.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
Loranne Vella
Loranne Vella (born 10 July 1972) is a Maltese writer, translator and performer based in Brussels. She has won the Malta National Book Council's National Book Prize several times, including Best Novel in Maltese or English for Rokit (2018) and Marta Marta (2023). She is co-editor of the Maltese-language literary journal Aphroconfuso.

National Book Council
The National Book Council (Maltese: Il-Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ktieb),  is a Maltese public entity dedicated to the promotion of the book industry in Malta.

The council organises the Malta Book Festival (Maltese: Il-Festival Nazzjonali Tal-Ktieb), The Literary Contest of Novels for Youth (Maltese: Konkors ta' Kitba Letteratura għaż-Żgħażagħ) and other national and regional events, workshops, seminars and contests. It also confers the National Book Prize (Maltese: Premju Nazzjonali Tal-Ktieb), administers Public Lending Rights, and is Malta's registration agent for ISBN and ISMN.
Dodleston Castle
Dodleston Castle in Cheshire is a medieval motte-and-bailey castle that was developed from an earlier ringwork: 42  It is first recorded in 1277, but may have existed in the 12th century when the manor of Dodleston was held by the Boydel family.: 27  The site has been protected as a scheduled monument since 1952. The earthworks were surveyed in 1964, 1986, and 1995 – the third survey was the most detailed and was carried out by University College Chester.: 36

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Dryandra moth
The dryandra moth (Carthaea saturnioides) is a species of moth that is considered to be the sole member of the family Carthaeidae. Its closest relatives are the Saturniidae and it bears a resemblance to many species of that family, bearing prominent eyespots on all wings. The common name is derived from the Dryandra shrubs of the genus Banksia, on which the larva of this species feed, and is hence restricted to the south-west of Western Australia where these shrubs grow. Other Grevillea shrubs may also be used as host plants.

Grevillea
Grevillea (/ɡrɪˈvɪliə/), commonly known as spider flowers, is a genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. Plants in the genus Grevillea are shrubs, rarely trees, with the leaves arranged alternately along the branches, the flowers zygomorphic, arranged in racemes at the ends of branchlets, and the fruit a follicle that splits down one side only, releasing one or two seeds.
Flashback Records
Flashback Records is a record label and a chain of independent record stores in London. It specializes in trading vinyl records with an emphasis on rare collectable records such as first pressings and hard to find releases. It also stocks new contemporary vinyl and has hosted live performances by Thurston Moore (Sonic Youth), Half Japanese,  as well as UK bands such as Mazes, Fair Ohs, Dead Coast, Veronica Falls and Shopping. Flashback is also known for hosting live music events at local music venues The Shacklewell Arms, The George Tavern, MOTH Club, and The Old Blue Last, supporting emerging bands on the London and UK music scene. UK No. 1 hit single maker DJ Eliza Rose is a former employee of Flashback Records and credits the shop as educating her on a diverse range of music, which the shop is famous for stocking.

Half Japanese
Half Japanese is an American art punk band formed by brothers Jad and David Fair in 1974, after their family's relocation to Uniontown, Maryland.

Half Japanese' original instrumentation included a small drum set, which they took turns playing; vocals; and an out-of-tune, distorted guitar. Both Fair brothers sang, although over time Jad held the frontman role. As of the band's last several releases since the 1990s, according to the album and CD credits, Half Japanese composes and plays the entirety of the music while Jad, eschewing his role as guitarist from earlier albums, plays almost no guitar but is responsible for the vocals and lyrics, which typically divide into either "love songs or monster songs."
1928–29 Campeonato Regional Centro
The 1928–29 Campeonato Regional de Madrid was the 27th season of the Campeonato Regional Centro. Real Madrid, Athletic de Madrid and Racing de Madrid finished in the top three positions respectively and qualified for the 1928–29 Copa del Rey.

1928–29 Copa del Rey
The King Alfonso XIII's Cup 1928–29 was the 29th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.

The competition started on December 8, 1928, and concluded on February 3, 1929, with the final, held at the Estadio Mestalla in Valencia. RCD Español won the competition for the first time.
Gálgviðr
In Norse mythology, Gálgviðr (Old Norse "gallows-wood") is a forest in Jotunheim, land of the jötnar, from which the rooster Fjalar is foretold to begin crowing during the onset of Ragnarok.

According to stanza 42 of the poem Völuspá from the Poetic Edda:

He sat on the mound and plucked his harp
the herdsman of the giantess, cheerful Eggther
a rooster crowed in Gallows-wood
that bright-red cockerel who is called Fialar

— Larrington trans.

Poetic Edda
The Poetic Edda is the modern name for an untitled collection of Old Norse anonymous narrative poems in alliterative verse.  It is distinct from the closely related Prose Edda, although both works are seminal to the study of Old Norse poetry. Several versions of the Poetic Edda exist; especially notable is the medieval Icelandic manuscript Codex Regius, which contains 31 poems.
Yekaterinoslavka
Yekaterinoslavka (Russian: Екатериносла́вка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Yekaterinoslavka, Amur Oblast, a selo in Yekaterinoslavsky Rural Settlement of Oktyabrsky District of Amur Oblast

Yekaterinoslavka, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Shingak-Kulsky Selsoviet of Chishminsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Yekaterinoslavka, Khabarovsk Krai, a selo in imeni Lazo District of Khabarovsk Krai

Yekaterinoslavka, Omsk Oblast, a selo in Yekaterinoslavsky Rural Okrug of Sherbakulsky District of Omsk Oblast

Yekaterinoslavka, Dombarovsky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Polevoy Selsoviet of Dombarovsky District of Orenburg Oblast

Yekaterinoslavka, Tyulgansky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Yekaterinoslavsky Selsoviet of Tyulgansky District of Orenburg Oblast

Sherbakulsky District
Sherbakulsky District (Russian: Шербаку́льский райо́н; Kazakh: Шарбақкөл ауданы, Sharbaqkól aýdany) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast on the border with Kazakhstan. The area of the district is 2,300 square kilometers (890 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Sherbakul. Population: 21,342 (2010 Census);  25,486 (2002 Census); 29,906 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sherbakul accounts for 32.7% of the district's total population.
John Francis Mercer
John Francis Mercer (May 17, 1759 – August 30, 1821) was a Founding Father of the United States, politician, lawyer, planter, and slave owner from Virginia and Maryland. An officer during the Revolutionary War, Mercer initially served in the Virginia House of Delegates and then the Maryland State Assembly. As a member of the assembly, he was appointed a delegate from Maryland to the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, where he was a framer of the U.S. Constitution though he left the convention before signing. Mercer was later elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from two different districts in Maryland. In 1801—1803, he served as Maryland's 10th governor.

Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Anne Arundel County (listenⓘ; /əˈrʌndəl/), also notated as AA or A.A. County, is located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell (c. 1615/1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the Arundell family in Cornwall, England, and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area.
Free University of Ireland
Free University of Ireland (Saor-Ollscoil na hÉireann) is an independent university in Prussia Street, Dublin, Ireland established in 1986 by a small group of educationalists including Daragh Smyth, Paul John Cannon, Kevin O'Byrne, Padraig O'Fiannachta, and Mairéad Ní Chíosóig. The university is a free and independent institute not in receipt of state funding. It is run by a board of governors, is a charitable trust, and has research college status. Lecturers and administrators are not paid; students are charged only a fee to cover administrative expenses.

The University provides tertiary education to degree standard in the humanities and social sciences for mature students. The building was the City Arms Hotel, frequented by James Joyce and mentioned several times in his novel Ulysses.

Adult learner
An adult learner—or, more commonly, a mature student or mature-age student—is a person who is older and is involved in forms of learning. Adult learners fall in a specific criterion of being experienced, and do not always have a high school diploma. Many adult learners go back to school to finish a degree, or earn a new one.

Malcolm Knowles's work distinguished adult learners as distinct from adolescent and child learners in his principle of andragogy. He established 5 assumptions about the adult learner. This included self-concept, adult learner experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learning.