hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conic Sections Rebellion
The Conic Sections Rebellion, also known as the Conic Section Rebellion, refers primarily to an incident which occurred at Yale University in 1830, as a result of changes in the methods of mathematics education. When a policy change dictated that students were required to draw reference diagrams for exams rather than be allowed to refer to diagrams in their textbooks, a number of students staged a rebellion in which they refused to take the exams at all. A precursor incident occurred in 1825; historian Clarence Deming described the 1830 incident as being "much more serious", and stated that the two incidents should be "sharply demarcated".

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Archbishop Coleman F. Carroll High School
Archbishop Coleman F. Carroll High School is a private high school in The Hammocks, Dade County, Florida, United States, that was opened in 1998. Sponsored by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami, it is accredited through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Named after the first Archbishop of Miami, Coleman Francis Carroll, the school's mascot is the Bulldog.

Monsignor Gerard Thomas La Cerra was the first supervising principal of Archbishop Coleman F. Carroll High School.

Students wear a uniform consisting of a solid black or light blue shirt with a Carroll logo, black ACHS khaki slacks, a black leather belt, black shoes, and a student ID with ACHS lanyard. As of the 2025–2026 school year, there are 602 students enrolled in grades nine through twelve.

AP Calculus
Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus (also known as AP Calc, Calc AB / BC, AB / BC Calc or simply AB / BC) is a set of two distinct Advanced Placement calculus courses and exams offered by the American nonprofit organization College Board. AP Calculus AB covers basic introductions to limits, derivatives, and integrals. AP Calculus BC covers all AP Calculus AB topics plus integration by parts, infinite series, parametric equations, vector calculus, and polar coordinate functions, among other topics.
CD USA
CD USA is an American music television series that was broadcast by The 101 Network in 2006. Adapted from the British television series CD:UK and premiering on January 21, 2006, the program featured interviews and performances with popular musicians. It was hosted by John Wynn, Becky Baeling, and Jonathan Redford, with Malikha Mallette as a New York-based contributor.

Serving as DirecTV's first original programming effort for The 101 Network, the series was produced in high definition from Tribune Studios by Blaze Television, who had also produced CD:UK. DirecTV ordered 52 weeks worth of episodes.

Music television
Music television is a type of television programming which focuses predominantly on playing music videos from recording artists, usually on dedicated television channels broadcasting on satellite, cable, or streaming platforms.

Music television channels may host their own shows and charts and award prizes. Examples are Paramount's MTV, Channel UFX (India), 4Music (UK), 40 TV (Spain), Channel V (China), VIVA (Germany, defunct), Scuzz (UK), MuchMusic (Canadian), TeleHit (Mexico), Kerrang! TV (UK), RAC 105 TV (Catalonia), GTV (Indonesia, removed years later) VH1 (removed years later), Fuse TV (removed years later) and Palladia (now as MTV Live).
Carmen (1931 film)
Carmen is a 1931 British musical film directed by Cecil Lewis and starring Marguerite Namara, Thomas F. Burke and Lance Fairfax. It is an adaptation of the opera Carmen by Georges Bizet. It is also known by the alternative title of Gipsy Blood. It was produced by British International Pictures, the country's leading company of the early sound era, and shot at the Elstree Studios near London.

Associated British Picture Corporation
Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC), originally British International Pictures (BIP), was a British film production, distribution and exhibition company active from 1927 until 1970 when it was absorbed into EMI. ABPC also owned approximately 500 cinemas in Britain by 1943, and in the 1950s and 60s owned a station on the ITV television network. The studio was partly owned by Warner Bros. from about 1940 until 1969; the American company also owned a stake in ABPC's distribution arm, Warner-Pathé, from 1958. It formed one half of a vertically integrated film industry duopoly in Britain with the Rank Organisation.
2016 New Zealand Music Awards
The 2016 New Zealand Music Awards was the 50th holding of the annual ceremony featuring awards for musical recording artists based in or originating from New Zealand. It took place in November 2016 at Vector Arena in Auckland and was hosted by comedy duo Jono Pryor and Ben Boyce. The awards show was broadcast live on TV3 and The Edge TV.

Nominations for the 2016 New Zealand Music Awards opened on 20 June 2016, and cover artists who have had commercial recordings released between 1 July 2015 and 31 July 2016. Nominations closed on 3 August 2016. The nominees were announced on 13 October, along with the 2016 Legacy Award recipient and the Critics' Choice Prize shortlist.

Spark Arena
Spark Arena (also known as Auckland City Arena, and formerly as Vector Arena) is a multipurpose arena in Auckland, New Zealand. The venue is located at Quay Park, Parnell, very close to Britomart Transport Centre and The Strand Station. The arena cost approximately $94 million, and of this sum ratepayers contributed $68 million for the facility to be managed by QPAM, the NZ operator, in New Zealand's first big public-private partnership. This runs for 40 years before ownership is transferred to the city.

After delays due to construction-related issues, the arena's first concert was Rock Star Supernova on 24 March 2007.
Popular Liberal Action
The Popular Liberal Action (French: Action libérale populaire, ALP), simply called Liberal Action (Action libérale), was a political party that represented Catholic supporters of the French Third Republic.  It operated in the center-right, primarily to oppose the left-wing Republican coalition led by Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau and Émile Combes who pursued an anti-clerical agenda designed to weaken the Catholic Church, especially its role in education. The ALP between 1901-1914 had its best election in 1902, with 78 deputies. It built a nationwide newspaper and propaganda network, had excellent funding. There were 1200 local committees, with 200,000 dues paying members in 1906.

History of the Catholic Church in France
The history of the Catholic Church in France is inseparable from the history of France, and should be analyzed in its peculiar relationship with the State, with which it was progressively confused, confronted, and separated.
ENDF National Unity Offensive
The ENDF National Unity Offensive was a military offensive in the Tigray War launched by the Ethiopian military (ENDF) and pro-government forces to recapture territory in the Amhara and Afar regions being occupied by the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF). Gendarmerie regional forces and local militias from Afar and Amhara had mobilized thousands of fighters and joined the offensive. The ENDF and its allies were able to push TDF forces back from Debre Sina, Amhara to Alamata, Tigray (≈400 km). The Ethiopian government announced the campaign for national unity was a success and had been completed on 23 December 2021.

Afar Region
The Afar Region (/ˈɑːfɑːr/; Afar: Qafar Rakaakayak; Amharic: ዓፋር ክልል), formerly known as Region 2, is a regional state in northeastern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Afar people. Its capital is the planned city of Semera, which lies on the paved Awash–Assab highway. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north and Djibouti to the northeast; it also shares regional borders with the Tigray, Amhara, Oromo and Somali regions.

The Afar Triangle, the northern part of which is the Danakil Depression, is part of the Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia, and is located in the north of the region. It has the lowest point in Ethiopia and one of the lowest in Africa. The southern part of the region consists of the valley of the Awash River, which empties into a string of lakes along the Djibouti–Ethiopia border. Other notable landmarks include the Awash National Park.

Afar Region is a developing region of Ethiopia with a high rate of fertility.
Grand Canyon Haifa
The Grand Canyon (Hebrew: גרנד קניון, literally "Grand Mall," a play on words with the actual Grand Canyon) is the largest shopping mall in northern Israel, located in the northern city of Haifa.

It features 220 stores, of which approximately 80% are chain stores. Inside the mall there is also a 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) spa, and a children's amusement park which closed in April 2014.

The mall opens half an hour after sunset on Saturday out of respect for the Jewish Sabbath. However, some stores and restaurants are open on Saturdays.

Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to prehistoric times. Spa towns, spa resorts, and day spas are popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
Fornells de la Selva
Fornells de la Selva (Catalan pronunciation: [fuɾˈneʎz ðə lə ˈsɛlβə]) is a municipality in the comarca of Gironès that forms part of the urban area of Girona.

The northern boundary is with the municipality of Girona; the southern is with Riudellots de la Selva and Campllong; the east with Quart and Llambilles; and the west with Vilablareix and Aiguaviva. The municipality covers an area of 11.88 square kilometres (4.59 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 2,479.

Gironès
Gironès (Catalan: [ʒiɾuˈnɛs]; Spanish: Gironés) is a comarca (county) in eastern Catalonia, Spain, bordering Selva, Baix Empordà, Alt Empordà, Pla de l'Estany and Garrotxa. As of 2008, more than half of the comarca's 175,148 inhabitants live in the capital, Girona, which is also the capital of the Girona region and Spanish province.
Billingshurst (electoral division)
51°01′01″N 0°24′54″W﻿ / ﻿51.01699°N 0.41491°W﻿ / 51.01699; -0.41491

Billingshurst is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council.

West Sussex County Council
West Sussex County Council is the upper tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex in England.

The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 158 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The chief executive and directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.

Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party.
Paddy Power Gold Cup
The Paddy Power Gold Cup is a Premier Handicap National Hunt chase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run on the Old Course at Cheltenham over a distance of about 2 miles and 4½ furlongs (2 miles 4 furlongs and 44 yards, or 4,064 metres), and during its running there are sixteen fences to be jumped. It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year in mid November.

The event was established in 1960, and it was originally sponsored by Mackeson. It was known as the Mackeson Gold Cup until 1995, but since then it has had various sponsors and several title changes. It was backed by Murphy's from 1996, and by Thomas Pink from 2000. The bookmaker Paddy Power began supporting the race in 2003 and their sponsorship continued until the 2015 running. In 2016 the sponsorship was taken over by another bookmaking firm BetVictor. Paddy Power returned for a second period of sponsorship in 2020.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Allantoin racemase
In enzymology, an allantoin racemase (EC 5.1.99.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

(S)(+)-allantoin  (R)(−)-allantoin

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (S)(+)-allantoin, and one product, (R)(−)-allantoin.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on other compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is allantoin racemase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

Isomerase
In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows:

There is only one substrate yielding one product. This product has the same molecular formula as the substrate but differs in bond connectivity or spatial arrangement. Isomerases catalyze reactions across many biological processes, such as in glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.
Džbánice
Džbánice is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Džbánice lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of Znojmo, 37 km (23 mi) south-west of Brno, and 177 km (110 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Arthur Kenyon
Arthur W Kenyon (1885–1969) was an English architect.

Kenyon was articled to Henry Leslie Paterson of Sheffield in the early 1900s. In 1906 he moved to the office of Niven and Wigglesworth as assistant. He took over David Barclay Niven's interest in the practice after it dissolved in 1926.

Kenyon worked with Louis de Soissons at Welwyn Garden City for eighteen years designing many of the houses there.  He undertook development work on pre-fabricated houses during the Second World War and after the war specialised in town planning.

Louis de Soissons
Louis Emanuel Jean Guy de Savoie-Carignan de Soissons CVO RA FRIBA (1890–1962) was the younger son of Charles de Savoie-Carignan, Count de Soissons (with claimed descent, through an illegitimate son, from Thomas Francis of Savoy, Prince of Carignano). An architect, he was professionally known as Louis de Soissons.
The Folklorist
The Folklorist is a half-hour television series produced by NewTV, a community access television station located in Newton, Massachusetts, United States. The series explores some of the unique and lesser-known stories throughout history. Each half-hour episode of the show contains three or four featured segments that go into the backstory and lasting effects of a particular topic of folklore or hidden history.

Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of Downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.
Shyheim
Shyheim Dionel Franklin (born November 14, 1977) is an American rapper from New York better known simply as Shyheim. He initially gained fame as a teenager, releasing his debut album AKA the Rugged Child at the age of 16 in 1994. He has spent the majority of his career affiliated with the Wu-Tang Clan, frequently collaborating with Method Man and Ghostface Killah.

As a teenager, Shyheim was considered one of hip-hop's brightest prospects, being referred to as a "Wunderkind" and a "prodigy", even being admired by fellow rappers such as Jay-Z, who said he "looked up to him" in admiration in his autobiography Decoded.

After 1996's The Lost Generation, Shyheim's career saw a string of underperforming releases over the next 18 years, and was finally derailed due to a hit-and-run conviction. He was released from prison in early 2020.

Shyheim married after his release from prison. He has 3 children from prior to incarceration, 2 sons and a daughter.

Carlito's Way: Rise to Power
Carlito's Way: Rise to Power is a 2005 prequel to Brian De Palma's 1993 film Carlito's Way. It is based on the 1975 novel Carlito's Way by Edwin Torres.  The previous film was based on the 1979 Torres novel After Hours, but was retitled to avoid confusion with Martin Scorsese’s 1985 film of the same name. The film was written and directed by Michael Bregman, who produced the first film. His father, Martin Bregman, produced both films. The film was released in limited theaters 20 days prior to being released on DVD.

Carlito's Way: Rise to Power stars Jay Hernandez as Carlito Brigante, and chronicles Brigante's rise as a heroin dealer in 1960s Harlem, New York. The film also features Mario Van Peebles, Michael Joseph Kelly, Luis Guzmán, Jaclyn DeSantis, Sean Combs, Burt Young, and Domenick Lombardozzi.

Critically panned, the film nevertheless received Torres' commendation as an accurate adaptation of the first half of his novel.
2022 Energy X-Prix
The 2022 Energy X-Prix (formally the 2022 Uruguay Natural Energy X-Prix) was an Extreme E off-road race that was held on 26 and 27 November 2022 near José Ignacio, Maldonado Department, Uruguay, about 25 km east of the seaside city of Punta del Este. It was the fifth and final round of the electric off-road racing car series' second season, and also marked the first running of the event.

Abt Cupra XE won its first X-Prix with Nasser Al-Attiyah and Klara Andersson. They were followed by Neom McLaren Extreme E, who visited the podium for the first time, and X44 Vida Carbon Racing's Sébastien Loeb and Cristina Gutiérrez. This third place, combined with the 5 extra Super Sector points, granted Lewis Hamilton's team both the drivers' and the teams' titles ahead of reigning champions Rosberg X Racing.

Cristina Gutiérrez
Cristina Gutiérrez Herrero (born 24 July 1991) is a Spanish dentist and rally raid driver.

She became the first Spanish female car driver to finish the Dakar Rally in 2017. In 2021 she was the second woman to win a stage in Dakar Rally history. She won the 2024 edition in the T3 category.

In 2021 she won the FIA World Cup for Cross-Country Rallies in the T3 category, becoming the first-ever female driver to claim it.

In 2022, Gutiérrez won the Extreme E electric cross-country series alongside Sébastien Loeb for Lewis Hamilton's Team X44, making her the first Spaniard to ever win it.
Ferrovia Paulista S/A
Ferrovia Paulista S/A (FEPASA) was a São Paulo state-owned freight and passenger railway company, created by merging Paulista Railroads Company (CPEF), Mogiana Railroads Company (CMEF), Sorocabana Railroad (EFS), Araraquara Railroad (EFA), and São Paulo-Minas Railroad (EFSPM). It remained in activity from October 1971 until May 1998, when it was extinguished and incorporated into the Federal Railway Network S/A (RFFSA).

Campinas
Campinas (/kæmˈpiːnəs/ kam-PEE-nəs, Brazilian Portuguese: [kɐ̃ˈpinɐs]; lit. 'Plains, Meadows') is a city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, located 84 kilometers northwest of the city of São Paulo. As of 2024, the city's population is estimated at 1,185,977, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian city and the third most populous in São Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area encompasses twenty municipalities with a total population of 3,491,150 people.
2017 BNP Paribas Open – Women's doubles
Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Coco Vandeweghe were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Mattek-Sands played alongside Lucie Šafářová, but lost in the semifinals to Chan Yung-jan and Martina Hingis. Vandeweghe teamed up with Shelby Rogers, but lost in the first round to Andreja Klepač and María José Martínez Sánchez.

Chan and Hingis went on to win the title, defeating Lucie Hradecká and Kateřina Siniaková in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–2.

María José Martínez Sánchez
María José Martínez Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a xoˈse maɾˈtineθ ˈsantʃeθ]; born 12 August 1982) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. In singles, she won five WTA Tour titles, her biggest being a Premier 5 title at the 2010 Italian Open where she defeated two former world No. 1 players, Ana Ivanovic and Jelena Janković, en route to the title. As a junior, she won the Orange Bowl (1999) and French Open (2000). She reached a career-high ranking in singles of world No. 19, on 10 May 2010.

In doubles, Martínez Sánchez won 21 WTA Tour titles, ten partnering with her compatriot Nuria Llagostera Vives. Among them are the 2009 WTA Tour Championships, 2009 Rogers Cup and the Dubai Tennis Championships in 2010 and 2011. Martínez Sánchez reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 4, on 5 July 2010.
The Communication Review
The Communication Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering a great variety of aspects of media studies published by England-based publisher Routledge. Since 1999, the editors-in-chief have been Andrea L. Press (University of Virginia) and Bruce A. Williams (University of Virginia). The journal was established in 1995 with Robert Horwitz as founding editor.

The journal bridges the fields of communications and media studies, including historical and feminist scholarship.

Andrea L. Press
Andrea Lee Press is an American sociologist and media studies scholar.  She is the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Media Studies and Sociology, and Chair of the Media Studies Department, at the University of Virginia.