hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kievan Synopsis
The Synopsis, or a Short Collection (Church Slavonic: Cинопсис, или Краткое собрание от различных летописцев о начале славянороссійского народа и первоначалных князех Богоспасаемого града Кіева), also known as the Kievan Synopsis or Kyivan Synopsis, is a Moscow-centric work of history, first published in Kiev (Kyiv) in 1674. Written in a language close to Church Slavonic, it interprets history through a Christian conception of time focused on the narratives of creation, fall, and redemption. It also had a political purpose to justify the Treaty of Pereyaslav, which annexed the Cossack Hetmanate to the Tsardom of Russia, while also claiming a central role for the city of Kiev.

Grand Prince of Kiev
The Grand Prince of Kiev (sometimes also Grand Duke) was the title of the monarch of Kievan Rus', residing in Kiev (modern Kyiv) from the 10th to 13th centuries. In the 13th century, Kiev became an appanage principality, first of the grand prince of Vladimir and the Mongol Golden Horde governors, and was later taken over by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Rus' chronicles such as the Primary Chronicle are inconsistent in applying the title "grand prince" to various princes of Kievan Rus'. Although most sources consistently attribute it to the prince of Kiev, there is no agreement which princes were also "grand prince", and scholars have thus come up with different lists of grand princes of Kiev.
Valeriia Shabalina
Valeria Andreyevna Shabalina (Russian: Валерия Андреевна Шабалина; born 9 June 1995) is a Russian Paralympic swimmer who competes in international level events. She is a three-time Paralympic champion. Furthermore, she has won multiple medals in both World Para Swimming Championships and INAS Global Games. She is a Merited Master of Sports of Russia.

She gained a bronze medal at the 2024 Paralympics when she was beaten by Yui-lam Chan from Hong Kong and gold medallist Poppy Maskill in the S14 100m butterfly. In the same Paralympics she gained a gold medal in the 200m freestyle S14.

INAS Global Games
The INAS Global Games is a quadrennial global, international multi-sport event organised by the International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability (INAS). First organised in 2004, it is intended for elite competition in disability sports for athletes with intellectual disability and, since 2017, autism and Down syndrome. It is the largest sporting event of its type. Athletes must have received classification from INAS to compete.
Ali Nasseredine
Ali Hassan Nasseredine (Arabic: عَلِيّ حَسَن نَاصِر الدِّين; born 24 January 1983) is a Lebanese former footballer who played as a striker. He played for the Lebanon national team between 2003 and 2006, scoring eight goals in 19 caps.

Coming through from the youth system, Nasseredine made his senior debut for Nejmeh during the 2002–03 season. After eight seasons for the club, with whom he scored 52 league goals, in 2010 Nasseredine moved to cross-city rivals Ansar for one season. The following year, he moved to Jordanian side Al-Jazeera, before joining Bahrain SC in 2012. The same year, he returned to Lebanon, playing one season each for Ansar, Safa, Nabi Chit and Chabab Ghazieh. Nasseredine played his final season in 2016–17 with Safa, ending his career with 76 league goals.

Shabab Baalbek SC
Shabab Baalbek Sport Club (Arabic: نادي تجمع شباب بعلبك الرياضي) is a football club based in Baalbek, Lebanon, that competes in the Lebanese Second Division Founded in 1986 as Nabi Chit Sport Club (Arabic: نادي النبي شيت الرياضي), the club was known as Bekaa Sport Club (Arabic: نادي البقاع الرياضي) between 2018 and 2020, and is primarily supported by the Shia Muslim community.
YDG
YDG may stand for:

YDG, IATA code of Digby/Annapolis Regional Airport

Yang Dong-geun, South Korean hip-hop artist (born 1979)

Yeni Demokratik Gençlik, youth organization of the Confederation of Workers from Turkey in Europe

A US Navy hull classification symbol: Degaussing craft (YDG)

Yang Dong-geun
Yang Dong-geun (Korean: 양동근; born June 1, 1979), also known as YDG, is a South Korean actor and rapper. He started his career as a child actor, drawing attention for his roles in the television shows Seoul Ttukbaegi (1990) and Hyung (1991). He began releasing music as a rapper in 2001, establishing himself as a star of Korean hip-hop. Yang continued acting, gaining popularity for his roles in the television shows New Nonstop (2002) and Ruler of Your Own World (2002). He is best known outside of South Korea for playing Park Yong-sik in the second season of Squid Game (2024).
Live in Dortmund II
Live in Dortmund II is the 10th live album by the German hard rock band Böhse Onkelz. It was released on 26 May 2017 by the band-owned label Matapaloz. The predecessor Live in Dortmund was published in 1997.

Matthias Röhr
Matthias "Gonzo" Röhr (born 16 April 1962) is a German musician who has been the guitarist of the rock band Böhse Onkelz since 1981. His stage name derives from Double Live Gonzo!, an album by Ted Nugent. When Böhse Onkelz split up between 2005 and 2014, he was known as Matt Roehr.
Betty Cooke
Catherine Elizabeth Cooke (May 5, 1924 – August 13, 2024) was an American designer principally known for her jewelry. She has been called "an icon within the tradition of modernist jewelry" and "a seminal figure in American Modernist studio jewelry". Her pieces have been shown nationally and internationally and are included in a number of museum collections, including the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York. She is regarded as an important role model for other artists and craftspeople.

Maryland Institute College of Art
The Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) is a private art and design college in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1826 as the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, it is regarded as one of the oldest art colleges in the United States.

MICA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of US art schools. The college hosts pre-college, post-baccalaureate, continuing studies, Master of Fine Arts, and Bachelor of Fine Arts programs, as well as young peoples' studio art classes.
Acetyl bromide
Acetyl bromide is an acyl bromide compound. As is expected, it may be prepared by reaction between phosphorus tribromide and acetic acid:

3 CH3COOH + PBr3 → 3 CH3COBr + H3PO3

As usual for an acid halide, acetyl bromide hydrolyzes rapidly in water, forming acetic acid and hydrobromic acid. It also reacts with alcohols and amines to produce acetate esters and acetamides, respectively.

Hydrobromic acid
Hydrobromic acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide. It is a strong acid formed by dissolving the diatomic molecule hydrogen bromide (HBr) in water. "Constant boiling" hydrobromic acid is an aqueous solution that distills at 124.3 °C (255.7 °F) and contains 47.6% HBr by mass, which is 8.77 mol/L. Hydrobromic acid is one of the strongest mineral acids known.
1986 Toronto Indoor – Doubles
Peter Fleming and Anders Järryd were the defending champions, but Järryd did not participate this year.  Fleming partnered Anand Amritraj, losing in the first round.

Wojtek Fibak and Joakim Nyström won in the final 6–3, 7–6, against Christo Steyn and Danie Visser.

Wojciech Fibak
Wojciech Fibak (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvɔjt͡ɕɛx ˈfibak]; popularly Wojtek Fibak [ˈvɔjtɛk -]; born 30 August 1952) is a Polish former professional tennis player, entrepreneur, and art collector. Fibak is best known for his doubles success with Dutch pro Tom Okker and Australian Kim Warwick, although he also reached the Top 10 in singles.

Throughout his career, he won 15 ATP career singles titles as well as 52 ATP doubles titles including one Grand Slam title, the 1978 Australian Open. He was also the runner-up at the 1976 ATP Finals.
Death 'n' roll
Death 'n' roll (portmanteau of death metal and rock 'n' roll) is a subgenre of death metal music that incorporates hard rock-inspired elements. The achieved effect is that of death metal's trademark combination of growled vocals and highly distorted detuned guitar riffing with elements reminiscent of 1970s hard rock and heavy metal. Notable examples include Entombed, Gorefest, Carcass, Xysma, Convulse, Six Feet Under, Pungent Stench and the Fernando Colunga Ultimate Experience.

Pungent Stench
Pungent Stench is a death metal band from Vienna, Austria, formed in 1988. Their current lineup consists of Martin Schirenc (vocals/guitar), Jacek Perkowski (bass), and Mike G. Mayhem (drums). Pungent Stench achieved prominence in the death metal scene due to their unique style of extreme metal and controversial lyrics, a blend of gore, paraphilia, and black comedy. They dissolved in 1995, re-formed in 1999, then split up again 2007 after recording a final studio album, eventually released in 2018, and re-formed again in 2013 as "The Church of Pungent Stench" and renamed themselves again as "Schirenc Plays Pungent Stench" in 2014.
56th Delaware General Assembly
The 56th Delaware General Assembly (1832–1833) was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. It met in Dover, convening January 3, 1832, two weeks before the beginning of the third year of the administration of Governor David Hazzard.

The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not affect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a National Republican majority.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
Arthur F. Luke House
Arthur F. Luke House is a historic house at 221 Prince Street in Newton, Massachusetts. The house, which is 2+1⁄2 stories high, is built in a rustic Craftsman style. It is topped by a hip roof with three cross gables across the facade. It has two fieldstone chimneys which provide a rustic effect. A verandah extends from the entry to the right side of the house, ending up in a pergola-type arbor. The house was built in 1909 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Arthur F. Luke was senior manager of the National Tube Company and the son of James Luke (October 22, 1823 – December 14, 1899).

Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of Downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.
Phedimus aizoon
Phedimus aizoon is a species of succulent herbaceous perennial plant in the family Crassulaceae. It is native to China, the Russian Far East, Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan, where it grows on rugged terrain. It is commonly used as an ornamental plant, but is also edible.

South Central China
South Central China, South-Central China or Central-South China (Chinese: 中南; pinyin: Zhōngnán; lit. 'Central-South'), is a region of the People's Republic of China. It consists of eight provincial administrative regions, namely Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.

South Central China sometimes is further classified into regions of South China (华南) and Central China (华中).
Tito Yupanqui, Bolivia
Tito Yupanqui is a town in the La Paz Department, Bolivia. It was named after an indigenous artist, Francisco Tito Yupanqui, a 16th-century wood sculptor who sculpted a statue of the Mary, mother of Jesus, known as Our Lady of Candles (Nuestra Senora de la Virgen de Candelaria).

Francisco Tito Yupanqui
Francisco Tito Yupanqui (1550–1616) was an indigenous sculptor of the Viceroyalty of Peru. He sculptured renowned  Roman Catholic wood statues such as the Blessed Virgin Mary in what is now Bolivia, known as Our Lady of Candles (also known as Our Lady of Copacabana), one of the most celebrated Marian images located at Lake Titicaca in Bolivia.
Hearthstone expansions
Hearthstone is a digital collectible card game released by Blizzard Entertainment in 2014, available for Microsoft Windows and macOS PCs and iOS and Android smartphones. The game is free-to-play, with players gaining in-game currency and card packs via winning matches and completing quests, while real-world money can be spent to acquire additional card packs and cosmetic items. The game has been critically well-received and financially successful, estimated in August 2017 to earn nearly US$40 million per month. As of November 2018, Blizzard has reported more than 100 million Hearthstone players. Blizzard has continued to expand the game with the addition of multiple expansions, adventures and game modes, which adds new cards and mechanics to the game.

Arthas Menethil
Arthas Menethil is a fictional character who appears in the Warcraft series of video games and novels by Blizzard Entertainment. He was once a paladin of the Silver Hand and the crown prince of Lordaeron, but he turned to evil during a fight to save his people. He later became the Lich King, one of the most prominent antagonists in Warcraft lore. The critical reception of the character has been mostly positive.

In Warcraft III, Arthas is voiced by Justin Gross. In subsequent appearances, he is voiced by Patrick Seitz (paladin and death knight Arthas) and Michael McConnohie (Lich King Arthas).
De obitu Willelmi
The De obitu Willelmi ('On the death of King William') is a short Latin text connected with, but independent of, William of Jumièges's Gesta Normannorum Ducum. Surviving in full in just one manuscript, it describes the death of William the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, though it does so in ways heavily influenced by literary traditions, notably those created by Einhard's Life of Charlemagne and the Vita Hludovici by the so-called Astronomer. It has been suggested that it was written to delegitimise one of William's sons, Robert Curthose. The text is translated into English by R. Allen Brown, in The Norman Conquest (1984), pp. 47–9.

Vita Hludovici
Vita Hludovici or  Vita Hludovici Imperatoris  (The Life of Louis or the Life of the Emperor Louis) is an anonymous biography of Louis the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks from AD 814 to 840.
Henrietta, Tasmania
Henrietta is a rural locality in the local government area of Waratah-Wynyard in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the town of Wynyard. 
The 2016 census determined a population of 132 for the state suburb of Henrietta.

Waratah–Wynyard Council
Waratah–Wynyard Council is a local government body in Tasmania, situated in the north-west of the state. Waratah-Wynyard is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 13,800, the major towns and localities of the region include Savage River, Sisters Beach, Somerset, Waratah and the principal town of Wynyard.
Fano's inequality
In information theory, Fano's inequality (also known as the Fano converse and the Fano lemma) relates the average information lost in a noisy channel to the probability of the categorization error.  It was derived by Robert Fano in the early 1950s while teaching a Ph.D. seminar in information theory at MIT, and later recorded in his 1961 textbook.

It is used to find a lower bound on the error probability of any decoder as well as the lower bounds for minimax risks in density estimation.

Let the discrete random variables  and  represent input and output messages with a joint probability . Let  represent an occurrence of error; i.e., that , with  being an approximate version of . Fano's inequality is

where  denotes the support of ,  denotes the cardinality of (number of elements in) ,

is the conditional entropy,

is the probability of the communication error, and

is the corresponding binary entropy.

Binary entropy function
In information theory, the binary entropy function, denoted  or , is defined as the entropy of a Bernoulli process (i.i.d. binary variable)  with probability  of one of two values, and is given by the formula:

The base of the logarithm corresponds to the choice of units of information; base e (natural logarithm) corresponds to nats and is mathematically convenient, while base 2 (binary logarithm) corresponds to shannons and is conventional (as shown in the graph); explicitly:

Note that the values at 0 and 1 are given by the limit  (by L'Hôpital's rule); and that "binary" refers to two possible values for the variable, not the units of information.

When , the binary entropy function attains its maximum value of 1 shannon (1 binary unit of information); this is the case of an unbiased coin flip. When  or , the binary entropy is 0 (regardless of the unit), corresponding to no information, since there is no uncertainty in the variable.
That Green Gentleman (Things Have Changed)
"That Green Gentleman (Things Have Changed)" (often shortened to "That Green Gentleman") is a song by American rock band Panic! at the Disco, from their second studio album Pretty. Odd. The song was the second song written by the band after they decided to scrap an album's worth of material, but was not played with "When the Day Met the Night" and "Nine in the Afternoon" at the various festivals Panic performed at during the summer of 2007.

The title of the album was already decided before the line, "Things are shaping up to be pretty odd" was written.

The song was performed (as well as "She's a Handsome Woman", and "Mad as Rabbits") on every date of the European tour prior to the album's release.

The song was also performed during the June 12, 2008, episode of FNMTV, hosted by Fall Out Boy's Pete Wentz.

Ryan Ross
George Ryan Ross III (born August 30, 1986) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter best known for his work as the former lead guitarist, backing and lead vocalist, and primary songwriter of the American rock band Panic! at the Disco before his departure in 2009. He alongside former Panic! bassist Jon Walker formed the Young Veins later that same year, in which Ross was the lead vocalist and guitarist.
Owaissa, Temagami
Owaissa is an unincorporated place and railway point in the municipality of Temagami, Nipissing District, in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in geographic Strathy Township, and is located on Ontario Highway 11, on the Ontario Northland Railway, and on the northern arm of Net Lake, about 3 km (1.9 mi) north of

Owaissa is the locality of the historic Owaissa Sawmill. In 1954, an Ontario Northland Railway passing track was constructed at Mileage 86, making the short passing track at Owaissa redundant. This was during a time when passing tracks were being extended along the Ontario Northland Railway to make allowance for the greatly increased length of trains under diesel operation.

Owaissa Lake to the northwest is named after Owaissa.

The eastern terminus of Red Squirrel Road is at Ontario Highway 11 in Owaissa.

Owaissa Lake (Temagami)
Owaissa Lake is a lake in the municipality of Temagami, Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in geographic Best Township and is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin.

Owaissa Lake has two islands, one in the middle of the lake and on at the northeast. It has one unnamed inflow, at the northwest, and one unnamed outflow, at the northeast, which leads to Ferguson Lake on Net Creek. Net Creek flows via Cassels Lake, Rabbit Lake, the Matabitchuan River, Lake Timiskaming and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.
The Mimicking of Known Successes
The Mimicking of Known Successes is a 2023 science fiction mystery novella by Malka Older. It was well-received critically, becoming a finalist for the Hugo Award for Best Novella, Ignyte Award for Best Novella, Locus Award for Best Novella, and Nebula Award for Best Novella.

Reactor (magazine)
Reactor, formerly Tor.com, is an online science fiction and fantasy magazine published by Tor Books, a division of Macmillan Publishers. The magazine publishes articles, reviews, original short fiction, re-reads and commentary on speculative fiction. Unlike traditional print magazines such as Asimov's or Analog, it releases online fiction that can be read free of charge.

Reactor was founded (as Tor.com) in July 2008 and renamed Reactor on January 23, 2024.
1887 Penn Quakers football team
The 1887 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1887 college football season. In its third and final year under head coach Frank Dole, the team compiled a 6–7 record. Penn lost five games to the Big Three (Princeton, Harvard, and Yale) by a combined score of 291 to 0.

1887 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1887 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1887 college football season. The team finished with a 7–2 record.  The Tigers held their first nine opponents scoreless, winning those games by a combined 420 to 0 score. The team then lost the last two games of the season against Harvard and Yale.
Tabula Traiana
The Tabula Traiana or Trajan's Plaque is a Roman memorial plaque found on the Serbian side of the Iron Gates of the Danube. The plaque was erected by Roman Emperor Trajan to commemorate the completion of his military road along the Danube. It was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and is protected by the Republic of Serbia.

The plaque and the accompanying Roman road were constructed between AD 98 and 100. At its peak, the road was a marvel of engineering, partially carved into the cliff faces and supported by a wooden scaffold over the water. The monument was relocated in 1972 when the Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station was built, raising the water level of the Danube by about 35 meters.

Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station
The Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station (Romanian: Porțile de Fier I, Serbian: Ђердап I/Đerdap I) is the largest dam on the Danube river and one of the largest hydro power plants in Europe. It is located on the Iron Gate gorge, between Romania and Serbia.

The Romanian side of the power station produces approximately 5.24 TWh annually, while the Serbian side of the power station produces 5.65 TWh.