hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
V. V. Swaminathan
V. V. Swaminathan is an attorney, retired politician, and early member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Swaminathan served as a Member of Parliament for Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha. He was the first member of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) to serve as the municipal chair for Chidambaram. He was also an early member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), and served in the 8th Tamil Nadu Assembly from 1985–1988. As a member of the second and third ministries of M. G. Ramachandran, the Second Nedunchezhiyan ministry, and the ministry of V N. Janaki, he held 13 portfolios simultaneously, including as minister for prohibition and excise, handlooms, information, tourism and electricity.

V. N. Janaki
Vaikom Narayani Janaki (30 November 1923 – 19 May 1996), also known as Janaki Ramachandran, was an Indian actress and politician, who served as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu in 1988. She was elected as the chief minister after the death of her husband M. G. Ramachandran, who was the leader of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and served in the post for 24 days. She was the first woman to become the chief minister of the state.
Cray XC30
The Cray XC30 is a massively parallel multiprocessor supercomputer manufactured by Cray.  It consists of Intel Xeon processors, with optional Nvidia Tesla or Xeon Phi accelerators, connected together by Cray's proprietary "Aries" interconnect, stored in air-cooled or liquid-cooled cabinets. Each liquid-cooled cabinet can contain up to 48 blades, each with eight CPU sockets, and uses 90 kW of power. The XC series supercomputers are available with the Cray DataWarp applications I/O accelerator technology.

In 2014, the Cray XC30 systems appear prominently on the TOP500 supercomputer lists.

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (国立天文台, kokuritsu tenmondai) (NAOJ) is an astronomical research organisation comprising several facilities in Japan, as well as an observatory in Hawaii and Chile.  It was established in 1988 as an amalgamation of three existing research organizations - the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory of the University of Tokyo, International Latitude Observatory of Mizusawa, and a part of Research Institute of Atmospherics of Nagoya University.

In the 2004 reform of national research organizations, NAOJ became a division of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences.
Neotibicen linnei
Neotibicen linnei, commonly called Linne's cicada, is a species of large-bodied annual cicada in the genus Neotibicen. It is native to the Eastern United States and Canada. N. linnei in Oklahoma is most easily identified by the costal margin bent at the end of the radial cell and opercula truncated obliquely at the extremities.

Appendage
An appendage (or outgrowth) is an external body part or natural prolongation that protrudes from an organism's body such as an arm or a leg. Hair, scales, and feathers are cutaneous appendages.

Protrusions from single-celled bacteria and archaea are known as cell-surface appendages or surface appendages. In many kinds of eukaryotic cells, the protrusions are known as membrane protrusions or cell appendages (examples include microvilli and cilia).
Effects of Hurricane Helene in Florida
Hurricane Helene brought destructive effects to Florida. The eighth named storm, fifth hurricane and second major hurricane of the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season, Helene made landfall in Florida on September 26, bringing destructive effects across the state. Across Florida, Helene brought destructive winds and historic storm surge.

Franklin County, Florida
Franklin County is a county along the Gulf of Mexico in the panhandle of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,451, making it the third-least populous county in Florida. The county seat is Apalachicola. The county includes several large preserved areas and rivers and has been home to commercial timber and fishing industry. More recently it has become popular for tourism and retirement. It includes several rivers, state parks, and islands.
Mingus at Monterey
Mingus at Monterey is a live album by the jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus, recorded in 1964 at the Monterey Jazz Festival and originally released on Mingus's short-lived mail-order Jazz Workshop label but subsequently released on other labels.

Billy Strayhorn
William Thomas Strayhorn (November 29, 1915 – May 31, 1967) was an American jazz composer, pianist, lyricist, and arranger who collaborated with bandleader and composer Duke Ellington for nearly three decades. His compositions include "Take the 'A' Train", "Chelsea Bridge", "A Flower Is a Lovesome Thing", and "Lush Life".
Quadrant:MK
The Quadrant:MK is Network Rail's national operations centre in Milton Keynes. After being topped out in April 2011, it opened in June 2012. The complex consists of four linked buildings with 37,000 square metres (400,000 sq ft) of space, and is designed to accommodate 3,000 staff.

The complex was designed by GMW Architects and built by Royal BAM Group. The centre is on the site of the former England National Hockey Stadium, adjacent to Milton Keynes Central railway station and the A509/A5 intersection.

Royal BAM Group
Royal BAM Group nv (Dutch: Koninklijke BAM Groep nv) is a Dutch construction-services business with headquarters in Bunnik, Netherlands. Based on revenue it is the largest construction company in the Netherlands.
CSS Alabama's New England expeditionary raid
CSS Alabama's New England expeditionary raid commenced shortly after the Confederate States Navy ship CSS Alabama left the Azores and sailed west toward the northeastern seaboard of Newfoundland and New England. The primary area of operation during this expeditionary raid was the eastern seaboard of the United States as far down as Virginia and Bermuda.

Expeditionary warfare
Expeditionary warfare is a military invasion of a foreign territory, especially away from established bases. Expeditionary forces were in part the antecedent of the modern concept of rapid deployment forces. Traditionally, expeditionary forces were essentially self-sustaining with an organic logistics capability and with a full array of supporting arms.
Harriet Lamb
Harriet Lamb CBE (born 3 June 1961) is the CEO of the Green Party of England and Wales, a role she has held since May 2025. Lamb was previously the CEO of WRAP – a Climate Action NGO from March 2023. She was formerly the CEO of Ashden and of the peacebuilding organisation International Alert. From 2001 to 2012 she was executive director of the United Kingdom Fairtrade Foundation. Prior to this, she was a leading campaigner for fair trade. In September 2012, she became chief executive officer of the global standards, certification and producer development organisation, Fairtrade International.

Ashden
Ashden is a London-based charity that works in the field of sustainable energy and development. Its work includes the annual Ashden Awards, advocacy and research in the field of sustainable energy, and mentoring and practical support for award winners.

Sarah Butler-Sloss created the awards in 2001, from the Ashden Trust, one of the Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts. In 2011 the charity changed its working name to Ashden, with its full name registered with the Charity Commission being 'Ashden, Sustainable solutions, better lives'.
Clair Wills
Clair Wills, FBA, HonMRIA, is a British academic specialising in 20th-century British and Irish cultural history and literature. Since 2019, she has been King Edward VII Professor of English Literature at the University of Cambridge and a fellow of Murray Edwards College, Cambridge. After studying at the Somerville College, Oxford, she taught at the University of Essex and Queen Mary University of London. She was then Leonard L. Milberg ’53 Chair of Irish Letters at Princeton University from 2015 to 2019, before moving to Cambridge.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
West Midlands Safari Park
West Midlands Safari Park is a safari park located in Bewdley, Worcestershire, England. It was opened under the name of West Midland Safari Park in Spring 1973.

The park holds over 165 species of exotic animals and features other attractions such as a small theme park. The park contains the largest groups of white lions, cheetahs, hippopotamuses and meerkats in the UK, as well as the largest lemur walk-through exhibit. It was also the first park in the UK to have the African big five game animals.

The park is a member of the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA) and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). The Dhole and Cheetah enclosures in the drive-through safari are part of a larger heathland Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), which the park is restoring.

British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA) (formerly the Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland) is a registered charity and the professional body representing over 100 zoos and aquariums in Britain and Ireland.

BIAZA members must comply with BIAZA codes of practice, as well as undertaking significant work in the field of animal welfare, conservation, education and research.
Chiara Matraini
Chiara Matraini (1515–1604) was an Italian Renaissance writer from Lucca. Primarily known for her love poetry, composed in the style of Petrarch, she also authored a number of spiritual prose and verse texts. Matraini wrote throughout her long life, publishing her last text, the Dialoghi spirituali (1602), when she was well into her 80s. Her many projects included genres that were uncommon for women writers of her time, such as an oration on the art of war, a translation from Latin to vernacular, and several didactic religious texts. Matraini's writing demonstrates an eagerness to compose in an authoritative voice.

Her father died soon after she was born, she was entrusted to the care of her uncle  until she was married to Vincenzo Cantarini, with whom she had one son. Her husband's early death apparently facilitated  her active literary life. Her literary contacts included Benedetto Varchi and Lodovico Domenichi.

Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (/ˈpɛtrɑːrk, ˈpiːt-/; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Latin: Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Italian: Francesco Petrarca [franˈtʃesko peˈtrarka]), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest humanists.

Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch was later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca.

Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".
Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement
Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) is an evidence-based mind-body therapy program developed by Eric Garland. It is a therapeutic approach grounded in affective neuroscience that combines mindfulness training with reappraisal and savoring skills. Garland developed this approach by combining the key features of mindfulness training, "Third Wave" cognitive-behavioral therapy, and principles from positive psychology.

MORE has been tested through multiple clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health. Research shows that MORE reduces addictive behavior, emotional distress, and chronic pain while increasing positive emotions, self-transcendence, and meaning in life.

Self-transcendence
Self-transcendence is a personality trait that involves the expansion or evaporation of personal boundaries. This may potentially include spiritual experiences such as considering oneself an integral part of the universe. Several psychologists, including Viktor Frankl, Abraham Maslow, and Pamela G. Reed have made contributions to the theory of self-transcendence.

Self-transcendence is distinctive as the first trait-concept of a spiritual nature to be incorporated into a major theory of personality. It is one of the "character" dimensions of personality assessed in Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. It is also assessed by the Self-Transcendence Scale and the Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory.
Simon Ellis (music producer)
Simon Peter Ellis is an English songwriter, producer, musician and musical director who has worked with many artists including the Spice Girls, Britney Spears, Westlife, S Club 7, East 17, and music mogul Simon Fuller. Ellis co-wrote and produced the chart topping S Club 7 hits "Two in a Million", "Never Had a Dream Come True" and "Don't Stop Movin'", the latter winning ITV record of the year award in 2001 and "Best British Single" at the Brit Award 2002.

The Record of the Year
The Record of the Year was an award voted by the United Kingdom public. For many years it was given in conjunction with a television programme on ITV of the same name.

The award began in 1998 and was televised on ITV for eight years before being dropped in 2006 after disagreements over the phone voting element. Since then, it had been an online poll, administered through the Record of the Year website. In 2013, the online poll was axed, signaling the end of the award. It became one of the highest rated music TV ceremonies in the UK, boosting sales of CDs and then downloads in the crucial fortnight before Christmas every year. For that reason, it was much respected by the industry, labels, publishers and retailers. It was the only music award in the UK to be chosen by the public.
William Lagimodière
William Lagimodière (April 29, 1857 – October 2, 1930) was a farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented La Verendrye from 1888 to 1892 and from 1899 to 1907 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal.

He was born in St. Boniface, Manitoba, the son of Elzéar Lagimodière and Sarah Goulet, and was educated at St. Joseph's College there. In 1880, he married Lucy Genthon. Lagimodière served as secretary-treasurer for the Rural Municipality of Taché from 1880 to 1903. He was also a homestead inspector from 1905 to 1929. He was defeated when he ran for reelection to the Manitoba assembly in 1892 and 1896, and again in 1907. Lagimodière died at home in Lorette.

Lagimodière was the great-grandson of Jean-Baptiste Lagimodière and Marie-Anne Gaboury, who were also the grandparents of Louis Riel.

St. Boniface, Winnipeg
St. Boniface (French: Saint-Boniface) is a city ward and neighbourhood in Winnipeg. Along with being the centre of the Franco-Manitoban community, it ranks as the largest francophone community in Western Canada.

It features such landmarks as the St. Boniface Cathedral, Boulevard Provencher, the Provencher Bridge, Esplanade Riel, Saint Boniface Hospital, the Université de Saint-Boniface, and the Royal Canadian Mint.

The area covers much of eastern Winnipeg, including Old St. Boniface. It consists of the neighbourhoods of Norwood West, Norwood East, Windsor Park, Niakwa Park, Niakwa Place, Southdale, Southland Park, Royalwood, Sage Creek, and Island Lakes, among others, plus a large industrial area. The ward is represented by Matt Allard, a member of Winnipeg City Council, and also corresponds to the neighbourhood clusters of St. Boniface East and West. The population was 58,520 according to the Canada 2016 Census.
German swimming badge
The German swimming badge (German: Deutsches Schwimmabzeichen) is awarded by members of the Wasserwacht of the German Red Cross and the DLRG for completing certain requirements and for demonstrating swimming skills.

German Red Cross
The German Red Cross (GRC) (German: Deutsches Rotes Kreuz [ˈdɔʏtʃəs ˈʁoːtəs ˈkʁɔʏts] ⓘ; DRK) is the national Red Cross Society in Germany.

With 4 million members, it is the third largest Red Cross society in the world. The German Red Cross offers a wide range of services within and outside Germany. GRC provides 52 hospitals, elderly care (over 500 nursing homes and a mobile nursing care network covering the entire country), care for children and youth (i.e., 1,300 kindergartens, a full range of social services for children). GRC also provides 75% of the blood supply and 60% of the emergency medical services in Germany, as well as first aid training. GRC headquarters provides international humanitarian aid (disaster management and development assistance) to over 50 countries across the world.
Fushan Botanical Garden
The Fushan Botanical Garden (traditional Chinese: 福山植物園; simplified Chinese: 福山植物园; pinyin: Jiāyì Zhíwùyuán) is a botanical garden in Yuanshan Township, Yilan County and Wulai District, New Taipei in Taiwan. It is managed by Taiwan Forestry Research Institute.

Taiwan Forestry Research Institute
The Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TFRI; traditional Chinese: 林業試驗所; simplified Chinese: 林业试验所; pinyin: Línyè Shìyàn Suǒ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm-gia̍p Chhì-giām-só͘) is a research institute under the Ministry of Agriculture of Taiwan dealing with forestry.
Szob District
Szob (Hungarian: Szobi járás) is a district in northern part of Pest County. Szob is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Central Hungary Statistical Region.

Pest County
Pest (Hungarian: Pest vármegye, pronounced [ˈpɛʃt]; German: Komitat Pest) is a county (vármegye) in central Hungary. It covers an area of 6,393.14 square kilometres (2,468.41 sq mi), and has a population of 1,339,090 (2023). The suburbs of Budapest surrounds the national capital Budapest and is the county's largest administrative unit (13.8%/1.3 million in 2013). It shares borders with Slovakia and the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Bács-Kiskun, Fejér, and Komárom-Esztergom. The River Danube flows through the county. The capital of Pest County is Budapest, although Budapest is not part of Pest County. Starting 2018, they also constitute different NUTS:HU level 2 regions, as previously Pest County has lost catch-up aids from the European Union because of the high development of Budapest.
Narayan Ram Das
Narayan Ram Das is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Das was a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Bageshwar constituency in Bageshwar District. He served as the Minister of State for Uttaranchal Development in Kalyan Singh's cabinet from September 1997 to November 1999.

Bageshwar district
Bageshwar district is a district of Uttarakhand state in northern India. The town of Bageshwar is the district headquarters. Prior to its establishment as a district in 1997 it was part of Almora district.

Bageshwar district is in Kumaon, and is bounded on the west and northwest by Chamoli District, on the northeast and east by Pithoragarh District, and on the south by Almora District.

As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Uttarakhand (out of 13), after Rudraprayag and Champawat.
Constitutional Party (Peru)
The Constitutional Party (Spanish: Partido Constitucional) was a political party in Peru. The party was founded in 1886 by Andrés Avelino Cáceres, a national hero from the War of the Pacific. The party was an expression of the nationalist and military oligarchy, in addition to the biggest landowners and the Catholic Church.

The Constitutional Party formed an agreement with the Civilista Party to arrest the Democratic Party's advancement, causing a civil war in 1895. However, after the end of civil war in 1896, the party was ousted from power and dissolved.

Andrés Avelino Cáceres
Andrés Avelino Cáceres Dorregaray (10 November 1836 – 10 October 1923) was a Peruvian politician and general who served as the President of Peru, from 1886 to 1890 as the 27th president, and again from 1894 to 1895 as the 30th. He is considered a Peruvian national hero for leading the resistance against the Chilean occupation during the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), in which he fought as a general in the Peruvian Army.
Category of elements
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the category of elements of a presheaf is a category associated to that presheaf whose objects are the elements of sets in the presheaf. It and its generalization are also known as the Grothendieck construction (named after Alexander Grothendieck) especially in the theory of descent, in the theory of stacks, and in fibred category theory.

The Grothendieck construction is an instance of straightening (or rather unstraightening).

NLab
The nLab is a wiki for research-level notes, expositions and collaborative work. It includes original research in mathematics, physics, and philosophy with a focus on methods from type theory, category theory, and homotopy theory. The nLab espouses the "n-point of view" (a deliberate pun on Wikipedia's "neutral point of view"), which is that type theory, homotopy theory, category theory, and higher category theory provide a useful, unifying viewpoint for mathematics, physics and philosophy.

The n in n-point of view could refer to either n-categories as found in higher category theory, n-groupoids as found in both homotopy theory and higher category theory, or n-types as found in homotopy type theory.
Cross-country skiing at the 1968 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 kilometre
The men's 50 kilometre cross-country skiing competition at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France, was held on Saturday 17 February at Autrans. Gjermund Eggen of Norway was the defending World champion while Sixten Jernberg of Sweden was the defending Olympic champion.

Each skier started at half a minute intervals, skiing the entire 50 kilometre course. Of the 51 athletes who started the race, 4 did not finish.

Ole Ellefsæter of Norway took his second gold medal of the Games after being a part of Norway's winning team in the 4×10 kilometre relay earlier in the games.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.