hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R. Nataraj
R. Nataraj, I.P.S. (born 31 March 1951) is a retired Indian Police Service officer, who also served as the former chairman of the Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission (19 January 2012 – 12 January 2013). He is known for his public service career that spans over four decades, that further continued after his retirement as Director General of Police in 2011. He belongs to the 1975 officer's batch and has served in various state and central government capacities. Furthermore, he has been a part of the Central Reserve Police Force and has served in the difficult areas of North-East and Jammu and Kashmir. He was the first secretary of the Indian High Commission in Kathmandu from 1986 to 1990.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Rybachenko
Rybachenko is a surname of Ukrainian origin. It is a patronymic derivation  from surname/nickname Rybak, the latter literally meaning "fisherman".

Notable people with this surname include:

Anastasia Rybachenko

Mikhail Rybachenko, a boy whose murder inspired the Kishinev pogrom of Jews in 1903

Anastasia Rybachenko
Anastasia Rybachenko (Russian: Анастасия Александровна Рыбаченко) (born 11 September 1991) is a former Russian politician currently working in business consulting. Rybachenko previously served as a member of the Political Council, the head of the Youth Committee and a spokesperson with the Moscow branch of the "Solidarnost" movement from March 2008 to June 2012.
Brianna Moyes
Brianna Moyes (born 17 March 1991) is an Australian rules footballer and basketball who played for the Fremantle Football Club in the AFL Women's (AFLW) and South Mandurah in the Peel Football League Women's competition. Originally from Sydney, she has previously played basketball for Perth Lynx, Gold Coast Rollers and two US colleges, University of Akron and Colorado Christian University.

In the first quarter of her debut match against Collingwood at Fremantle Oval in Round 3 of the 2019 AFLW season, Moyes ruptured her anterior cruciate ligament in her knee, causing her to be out for the remainder of the season.

Gold Coast Rollers (NBL1 North)
Gold Coast Rollers is a NBL1 North club based in Gold Coast, Queensland. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 North. The club is a division of Gold Coast City Regional Basketball Association, the major administrative basketball organisation in the region. The Rollers play their home games at Carrara Indoor Stadium.
Junius Scales
Junius Scales (March 26, 1920 – August 5, 2002) was an American leader of the Communist Party of the United States of America notable for his arrest and conviction under the Smith Act in the 1950s. He was arrested in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1954 after going underground. His appeals lasted seven years and reached the Supreme Court twice. He began serving a six-year sentence at Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary in October 1961. On Christmas Eve 1962, President Kennedy commuted his sentence and he was released.

Federal Correctional Institution, Lewisburg
The Federal Correctional Institution, Lewisburg (FCI Lewisburg) is a medium-security United States federal prison in Kelly Township, Pennsylvania, for male inmates. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. An adjacent satellite prison camp houses minimum-security male offenders.
30th Intelligence Squadron
The 30th Intelligence Squadron is an active United States Air Force unit, stationed at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia and operating Distributed Ground Station-1 in association with reserve and Virginia Air National Guard squadrons.

The squadron was first activated as the 460th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron in Vietnam, where it earned two Presidential Unit Citations and two Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards with Combat "V" Device for its support of combat reconnaissance operations in Southeast Asia.  It performed a similar mission for Tactical Air Command from 1977 to 1982.

Aerial reconnaissance
Aerial reconnaissance is reconnaissance for a military or strategic purpose that is conducted using reconnaissance aircraft. The role of reconnaissance can fulfil a variety of requirements including artillery spotting, the collection of imagery intelligence, and the observation of enemy maneuvers.
St. Edward's Crusaders football
The St. Edward's Crusaders football team represented St. Edward's University, located in Austin, Texas, in college football. The team was known as the Saints prior to the 1933 season when head coach Jack Chevigny renamed them the Tigers. Prior to the 1939 season, the team was renamed again as the Crusaders. The program was discontinued after the 1939 season. The school's sports teams became known as the St. Edward's Hilltoppers after World War II.

St. Edward's was a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) before moving to the Texas Conference in 1927. The football team won Texas Conference titles in 1933 and 1939.

Texas Conference
The Texas Conference was a college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1926 to 1956. During its existence, a total of 11 different colleges in Texas, and one from New Mexico, were members.
Chloridometer
A chloridometer is a measuring instrument used to determine the concentration of chloride ions (Cl–) in a solution. It uses a process known as coulometric titration or amperostatic coulometry, the accepted electrochemistry reference method to determine the concentration of chloride in biological fluids, including blood serum, blood plasma, urine, sweat, and cerebrospinal fluid. The coulometry process generates silver ions, which react with the chloride to form silver chloride (AgCl).

The first chloridometer was designed by a team led by Ernest Cotlove in 1958.

Other methods to determine chloride concentration include photometric titration and isotope dilution mass spectrometry.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
JOSM
JOSM (listenⓘ) (Java OpenStreetMap editor) is a free software desktop editing tool for OpenStreetMap geodata created in Java, originally developed by Immanuel Scholz and currently maintained by Dirk Stöcker. The editing tool contains advanced features that are not present in OSM's default online editor, iD.

Geographic data and information
Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information, georeferenced data and information, as well as geodata and geoinformation.

Geographic data and information is stored in geographic databases and geographic information systems (GIS).
There are many different formats of geodata, including vector files, raster files, web files, and multi-temporal data.

Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.
Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Fonseca, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia
Don Enrique Pérez de Guzmán y Fonseca, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia (died 1492), became the second Duke in 1468. Born out of wedlock, his birth was later legitimised by the "Reyes Católicos" Ferdinand and Isabella, and consequently he obtained the right to inherit the title from his father, Juan Alonso de Guzmán. He participated in the Conquest of the Emirate of Granada, and was granted in 1478 the title of Marquis of Gibraltar.

In those days, according to historian Salvador de Madariaga, he was considered the wealthiest man in Spain.

Salvador de Madariaga
Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo (23 July 1886 – 14 December 1978) was a Spanish "eminent liberal", diplomat, writer, historian and pacifist who was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and the Nobel Peace Prize and awarded the Charlemagne Prize in 1973.
William Piers (priest)
William Piers, D.D. was an English Anglican priest in the 17th century.

The son of Bishop William Piers, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University from 1621 to 1624, he was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He held livings at Kingsbury Episcopi, Buckland St Mary, Cudworth, East Brent and Christian Malford. Piers was archdeacon of Bath from 1638 to 1443Horn, Joyce M. (1979), Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, vol. 5, pp. 18–20 and Archdeacon of Taunton from 1643 until his death 4 April 1682. He was also a canon residentiary at Wells Cathedral from 1639.

East Brent
East Brent is a village and civil parish, 5 miles (8 km) west of Axbridge, Somerset, in the south-west of England. The village lies on the north-eastern edge of Brent Knoll, a hill that dominates the surrounding level countryside, and is close to the M5 motorway. The parish includes the hamlets of Rooksbridge (where the A38 road crosses the Mark Yeo) and Edingworth, and had a population of 1,404 at the 2021 census.
Roland Fischnaller (snowboarder)
Roland Fischnaller (born 19 September 1980) is an Italian snowboarder who is a seven-time Olympian, having competed in the 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018, 2022, and 2026 Winter Olympics in men's parallel giant slalom, as well as the men's parallel slalom in 2014.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Statutory city (Czech Republic)
In the Czech Republic, a statutory city (Czech: statutární město) is a municipal corporation that has been granted city status by Act of Parliament. It is more prestigious than the simple title město ("town"), which can be awarded by the cabinet and chair of the Chamber of Deputies to a municipality which applies for it.

President of the Chamber of Deputies (Czech Republic)
The president of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: Předseda Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky), sometimes also referred to as speaker or chairman / chairwoman, is the elected presiding officer of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. Since 5 November 2025, the president has been Tomio Okamura of SPD.
Whitepine, Colorado
Whitepine, also spelled White Pine, is a ghost town in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. Whitepine was a mining camp established in 1880 along the headwaters of Tomichi Creek. The town lies south of Tomichi Pass along Gunnison County Road 888 about ten miles (16 kilometers) north of Sargents, Colorado.

Tomichi Pass
Tomichi Pass (elevation 11,962 feet (3,646 m)) is a high mountain pass in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. It is located in Gunnison County and in the Gunnison National Forest. The pass divides the watersheds of Middle Quartz Creek to the north and Tomichi Creek to the south.

The pass is traversed by Forest Road 888, which is a four-wheel-drive path and is particularly narrow and exposed on the north side.

The pass was originally traversed by a pack trail connecting the mines and mining camps to the north with those to the south in the 1870s. Improvements eventually allowed the passage of wagons, but the road never saw significant traffic.
Probe Audio
Probe Audio (Sound Check) is the debut solo album from Romanian rapper Guess Who. It was produced by Agresiv, Sez and other producers and released April 25, 2009 by Okapi Sound in Romania. It was re-released as Locul Potrivit/Probe Audio by Cat Music on December 8, 2009 in Romania including three new tracks and a remix and remains one of the most critically acclaimed hip hop albums in Romania.

Radio personality
A radio personality is a person who has an on-air position in radio broadcasting. A radio personality who hosts a radio show is also known as a radio host (North American English), radio presenter (British English) or radio jockey. Radio personalities who introduce and play individual selections of recorded music are known as disc jockeys or "DJs" for short. Broadcast radio personalities may include talk radio hosts, AM/FM radio show hosts, and satellite radio program hosts, and non-host contributors to radio programs, such as reporter
Tom Kim
Kim Joo-hyung (Korean: 김주형; born 21 June 2002), commonly known as Tom Kim, is a South Korean professional golfer. He has won three times on the PGA Tour, and twice on both the Asian Tour and the Korean Tour.

Singapore Open (golf)
The Singapore Open is a professional golf tournament in Singapore that has been predominantly part of the Asian Tour schedule. The event was held at Sentosa Golf Club since 2005 and since 2017 had been part of the Open Qualifying Series, giving up to four non-exempt players entry into The Open Championship.

The Singapore Open was founded in 1961 and was one of the tournaments on the first season of the Far East Circuit (later the Asia Golf Circuit) the following year. It remained part of the Asia circuit until 1993 when it became a fixture on the Australasian Tour. After just 3 seasons, it left the Australasian Tour to join the fledgling Asian Tour for that tour's second season in 1996. The event was also co-sanctioned with the European Tour from 2009 to 2012, and with the Japan Golf Tour since 2016.
Meduben
Meduben (Persian: مدوبن), or Maduben is a hyrcanius mountain peak in Alborz range in Northern Iran. The prominence is 283m/928 ft. This mountain peak is located at an altitude of 1,009 metres (3,310 ft), overlooking the Namakab Rud town to the north, and the Kelardasht city to the far south.

Northern Iran
Northern Iran (Persian: شمال, romanized: Shomal, lit. 'North'), is a geographical term that refers to a relatively large and fertile area, consisting of the southern border of the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountains.

It includes the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan (ancient kingdom of Hyrcania and Tehran Province, medieval region of Tabaristan). The major provinces, Gilan and Mazandaran, are covered with dense forests, snow-covered mountains and impressive sea shores.

The major cities are Rasht, Gorgan, Sâri, Bâbol, Babolsar Amol, Qaem Shahr, Gonbad-e Kavus, Anzali, Lahijan and Behshahr. Northern Iran has numerous villages, particularly Massulé, appreciated by travellers.

Northern Iran was a trendy spot during the Pahlavi era, especially among foreign tourists. It was a luxurious place that provided all types of modern recreational facilities as well as tourism infrastructure. Today, it's mostly visited by domestic tourists.
Yangsi Line
The Yangsi Line was a non-electrified standard-gauge railway line of the Korean State Railway in North P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Namsi (Yŏmju) on the P'yŏngŭi Line to South Sinŭiju, likewise on the P'yŏngŭi Line, with which it was merged in 1964.

North Pyongan Province
North Pyongan Province (also spelled North P'yŏngan; Korean: 평안북도; MR: Phyŏnganbukto; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanbuk̚t͈o]) is a western province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former P'yŏng'an Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Sinŭiju. In 2002, Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region—near the city of Sinuiju—was established as a separately governed Special Administrative Region.
Celatheca
Celatheca is a genus of extinct plants of the Early Devonian (Pragian, around 410 million years ago). Fossils were first found in the Posongchong Formation of eastern Yunnan, China. The leafless stems (axes) divided dichotomously but unequally so that one branch formed more of a 'main' stem and the other a side branch system. Side branches which did not bear spore-forming organs or sporangia divided two or three times further, ending in tips which curled back on themselves. Side branches bearing sporangia ultimately divided to produce a group of four sporangia, each with an outer leaf-like bract which folded around the sporangium. Celatheca resembles the Australian fossil Yarravia.

Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek  σπορά (sporá) 'seed' and  ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) 'vessel'; pl.: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis.
Jens Sterri
Jens K. Sterri (13 July 1923 – 1 September 2008) was a Norwegian civil servant.

Born in Hafslo Municipality as the fourth of ten children, he decided to study law. He graduated from the University of Oslo as cand.jur. in 1949, and worked as a secretary in the Ministries of Justice and Agriculture, as well as an attorney. In 1954 he became a secretary in the Ministry of Finance, advancing to assistant secretary in 1961 and deputy under-secretary of State in 1969. He was appointed director of the Norwegian Customs and Excise Authorities in 1977, and retired in 1990.

The same year he was proclaimed Commander with Star of the Order of St. Olav. He was also a Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland and a Knight of the Order of the Falcon. He died in September 2008 at the age of 85.

Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Norwegian: Landbruks- og matdepartementet) is a Norwegian ministry established on 17 February 1900, and is responsible for agriculture, forestry and food in Norway. It is since January 2019 led by Minister of Agriculture and Food Olaug Bollestad (Christian Democratic). The department reports to the parliament (Stortinget).

The ministry primarily regulates food production by setting quotas for farmers and works in cooperation with the Norwegian Food Safety Authority on food safety measures. It is also responsible for managing forestry and administering agricultural subsidies.
Alfred Martyn Williams
Alfred Martyn Williams (14 May 1897 – 1 March 1985) was a British naval officer and Conservative MP for North Cornwall.

He won the seat from the Liberals in 1924, but lost it to them in 1929. He unsuccessfully tried to win it back from them at the 1931 general election and a by-election in 1932.

He was also High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1938. He was the father of Hugh Martyn Williams.

North Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)
North Cornwall is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Ben Maguire, a Liberal Democrat since the 2024 general election. Like all British constituencies, the seat elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years. The seat was created in 1918. Since 1950, the constituency has been held by MPs from either the Conservative Party or the Liberal Democrats (including the party's predecessor, the Liberal Party).
Hovmand
Hovmand is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annelise Hovmand (1924–2016), Danish film director, screen director, and film producer

Peter Hovmand (born 1974), Danish-Greenlandic writer and photographer, son of Svend

Svend Erik Hovmand (born 1945), Danish politician, son of Annelise

Svend Erik Hovmand
Svend Erik Hovmand (born 8 December 1945, in Sakskøbing) is former member of Folketinget, the Danish parliament. He was representing the Liberal Party. He was Tax Minister in the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I from 27 November 2001 to 2 August 2004, when he was replaced by Kristian Jensen. He has been a member of parliament (Folketinget) since 9 January 1975. He was President of the Nordic Council in 2001.
Eighth Lake
Eighth Lake is located near Inlet, New York. It is part of the Fulton Chain Lakes. The outlet is connected to Seventh Lake by a creek. Fish species present in the lake are brown trout, lake trout, lake whitefish, smelt, rainbow trout, black bullhead, landlocked salmon, and pumpkinseed sunfish. There is a state owned fee hard surface ramp at Eighth Lake Campground on NY-28.

Pumpkinseed
The pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), also referred to as sun perch, pond perch, common sunfish, punkie, sunfish, sunny, and kivver, is a small to medium–sized freshwater fish of the genus Lepomis (true sunfishes), from the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) in the order Centrarchiformes. It is endemic to eastern North America.
Gabdrakhim Utyz Imyani
Gabdrakhim Utyz Imyani (Russian: Габдрахим Усман; Bashkir: Ғәбдерәхим әл-Болғари, Tatar: Габдерәхим Госман угылы Утыз-Имәни әл-Болгари; 1752–1836) was a Tatar poet.
In the Islamic world he was also known as a scientist and recoverer of lost fragments of an ancient Quran (see Samarkand Kufic Quran).

Samarkand Kufic Quran
The Samarkand Kufic Quran (also known as the Mushaf Uthmani, Samarkand codex, Tashkent Quran and Uthman Qur'an) is a  Quranic manuscript, or mushaf. It is one of the oldest surviving Qur'an manuscripts in the world, although its exact dating is uncertain. Tradition holds that it is one of the six manuscripts that were penned under the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, when an official standard version of the Qur'anic text is said to have been compiled. Modern studies have suggested various dates for its production ranging from the 7th to 10th centuries. Today, about one third of the manuscript is kept in the Hast Imam library in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, while other pages are held in various collections around the world.