hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William R. Merz
William Rhode Merz (born March 10, 1963) is a retired United States Navy vice admiral who last served as deputy chief of naval operations for operations, plans and strategy from August 6, 2021 to October 7, 2022.	He previously served as commander of U. S. Seventh Fleet from 2019 to 2021.

Merz's aboard assignments include USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19), "Submarine Group Seven" and Task Force 74. As a flag officer, he was assigned to commands at naval mine destroyer ships and anti-submarine warfare command. Later, he was appointed to Task Force 77 stationed at San Diego and TF-54 in Bahrain.

United States Seventh Fleet
The Seventh Fleet is a numbered fleet of the United States Navy. It is headquartered at U.S. Fleet Activities Yokosuka, in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the United States Pacific Fleet. At present, it is the largest of the forward-deployed U.S. fleets, with 50 to 70 ships, 150 aircraft and 27,000 sailors and marines. Its principal responsibilities are to provide joint command in natural disaster or military operations and operational command of all U.S. naval forces in the region.
Jean-Pierre Diény
Jean-Pierre Diény (14 August 1927 - 3 May 2014) was a French sinologist. He was born in Colmar, and first trained as a classicist, but, having received a grant from the Thiers Foundation, switched to the study of Chinese literature at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales in 1955. Having spent time working in Japan, Paris, Beijing and Hong Kong between 1959 and 1967, Diény returned to Paris for good in 1967 as a research fellow, first at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), and subsequently, in 1969, at the École pratique des hautes études (EPHE). He was promoted to full researcher (French: directeur d’études) at the EPHE in 1970, where he taught until 1997. The book collections of Diény and his wife Colette - herself a sinologist with particular focus on Chinese science - were left to the National Academic Library in Strasbourg.

École pratique des hautes études
The École pratique des hautes études (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pʁatik de ot.z‿etyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a Grand Établissement.

EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or École des Mines). The college is closely linked to École française d'Extrême-Orient and Institut français du Proche-Orient.

Prominent researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE in the past such as Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. In addition, researchers in natural sciences (including neurosciences and chemistry) teach at EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot).
Tomassee (Cherokee town)
Tomassee (Cherokee: ᏔᎹᏏ, romanized Tamasi; also spelled Tamassee) was a Lower Cherokee settlement located along Tamassee Creek in the Cheohee Valley of present-day Oconee County, South Carolina. The town belonged to the Keowee group of Cherokee Lower Towns, a cluster of settlements situated in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the Keowee, Tugaloo, and Chattooga rivers. Tomassee appears on colonial-era maps and trade records from at least 1721. The site is recorded by the South Carolina Department of Archives and History as site No. 37001.

Tugaloo River
The Tugaloo River (originally Tugalo River) is a 45.9-mile-long (73.9 km) river that forms part of the border between the U.S. states of Georgia and South Carolina. It was named for the historic Cherokee town of Tugaloo at the mouth of Toccoa Creek, south of present-day Toccoa, Georgia and Travelers Rest State Historic Site in Stephens County, Georgia.

It is fed by the Tallulah River and the Chattooga River, which each form an arm of Lake Tugalo, on the edge of Georgia's Tallulah Gorge State Park. The Tugaloo flows out of the lake via Tugaloo Dam, passing into Lake Yonah and through Yonah Dam. The river ends as an arm of Lake Hartwell, as does South Carolina's Seneca River which is formed by the confluence of the Keowee River and Twelvemile Creek. Below Lake Hartwell, it is called the Savannah River.
Wolfleoz
Wolfleoz von Konstanz, or Wolleozzus (first mentioned in 811; died on 15 March 838 or 839 in Konstanz) was bishop of the Bishopric of Konstanz from 811 to 838/39 and abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 812 to 816.

Konstanz
Konstanz (/ˈkɒnstənts/ KON-stənts, US also /ˈkɔːnstɑːnts/ KAWN-stahnts, German: [ˈkɔnʃtants] ⓘ or [ˈkɔnstants] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [ˈkoʃd̥əts, ˈxoʃd̥əts]), traditionally known as Constance in English, is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Upper Lake Constance in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years.
A Curious Tale of Trials + Persons
A Curious Tale of Trials + Persons is the debut studio album by English rapper Little Simz, released on 18 September 2015 through Age 101 Music. The album won Independent Album of the Year at the 2016 AIM Independent Music Awards.

AIM Independent Music Awards
The AIM Independent Music Awards, hosted by the Association of Independent Music (commonly abbreviated to AIM), began in 2011. It is established through a collection of independent record labels and providing service and support to independent and smaller artists and record labels globally, achieving recognition for their efforts and works. The AIM Independent Music Awards are also providing recipients with greater opportunities to further expand their careers and name in the music industry.
María-Luz Álvarez
María-Luz Álvarez (born in Madrid) is a Spanish soprano known for performance and recording of early music. She currently resides in Cooks Creek, Manitoba.

She studied with Max van Egmond and Peter Kooy, and has sung in the Capilla Real de Madrid, Huelgas Ensemble, Capella Figuralis of Jos van Veldhoven, Al Ayre Español and the Egidius Ensemble.

Al Ayre Español
Al Ayre Español is a vocal and instrumental ensemble specialized on early music founded in 1988 by harpsichordist Eduardo López Banzo.

The name of the ensemble was inspired by the title for a guitar fugue of the Calanda, Aragón, composer Gaspar Sanz. In this fugue, he indicated the musician to play with "ayre español" (in the Spanish way).

Banzo has done a great deal to restore the Spanish Baroque musical heritage and in recognition of this work, the group was awarded the Premio Nacional de Música by the Spanish Ministry of Culture. In 2004, Al Ayre Español became an orchestra, broadening out their repertory to encompass much of the European Baroque.
Niningerite
Niningerite is a magnesium–iron–manganese sulfide mineral with the chemical formula MgS that is found in enstatite chondrite meteorites.  Niningerite is the magnesium-dominant analog of keilite.  This mineral is named after Harvey H. Nininger.

Harvey H. Nininger
Harvey Harlow Nininger (January 17, 1887 – March 1, 1986) was an American meteoriticist and educator. Although he was self-taught, he revived interest in scientific study of meteorites in the 1930s and assembled the largest personal collection of meteorites up to that time.

In 1942 Nininger founded the American Meteorite Museum, which was first located near Meteor Crater, Arizona (1942–1953), then in Sedona, Arizona (1953–1960).

Part of the Nininger Collection was sold to the British Museum in 1958, and the remainder of the collection was sold to the Arizona State University Center for Meteorite Studies in 1960 which displays a selection of these meteorites in their public museum.
Luke Macfarlane
Thomas Luke Macfarlane (born 19 January 1980) is a Canadian actor and former singer. He is known for playing Scotty Wandell on the ABC television drama Brothers & Sisters (2006–2011), RAC Agent D'avin Jaqobis on the Space television science fiction series Killjoys (2015–2019), the romantic lead in a number of Hallmark Channel movies, and Aaron Shepard in the gay romantic comedy film Bros (2022).

CTV Sci-Fi Channel
CTV Sci-Fi Channel is a Canadian English-language discretionary specialty channel owned by Bell Media subsidairy of BCE Inc. The channel primarily broadcasts speculative fiction and related programming.

The network was launched on October 17, 1997 as Space, under its original parent company CHUM Limited. Its slogan, The Imagination Station, continued to be used informally by its fans for many years after its retirement. In 2007, Space was acquired by CTVglobemedia, after acquiring CHUM Limited, while the Citytv stations were sold to Rogers Media. The channel adopted its current name in 2019.
Albert Pick
Albert Pick (15 May 1922 – 22 November 2015) was a German numismatist. An internationally acknowledged authority on the subject of paper money, Pick wrote the first modern catalog of banknotes in 1974, and is widely credited with establishing the modern face of banknote collecting. His Standard Catalog of World Paper Money is the standard reference work for banknote collectors worldwide.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
Theo Wade Brown
Theo Wade Brown (26 May 1950 – 30 April 2002) was an English carpenter, designer and engineer.

Brown was also a bon viveur, amateur musician and genuine eccentric. With his handlebar moustache and long red hair, he was an unmistakable figure.

Brown was a well-known member of the London film special effects community, and one of the core team at the Computer Film Company that won a Scientific and Technical Academy Award for developing digital film technology.

Brown later designed the Northlight film scanner for the Computer Film Company scanner division (now Filmlight), and was responsible not only for its remarkable engineering design, but also its 1920s-style marble and steel appearance—an artistic flourish that was characteristic of Brown's approach to life.

Brown suffered from bipolar disorder which led eventually to his death.

In 2010, he was posthumously awarded a Scientific and Technical Academy Award for his work at Filmlight on the Northlight scanner technology.

Digital cinematography
Digital cinematography is the process of capturing (recording) a motion picture using digital image sensors rather than through film stock. As digital technology has improved in recent years, this practice has become dominant. Since the 2000s, most movies across the world have been captured as well as distributed digitally.

Many vendors have brought products to market, including traditional film camera vendors like Arri and Panavision, as well as new vendors like Red, Blackmagic, Silicon Imaging, Vision Research and companies which have traditionally focused on consumer and broadcast video equipment, like Sony, GoPro, and Panasonic.

As of 2023, professional 4K digital cameras were approximately equal to 35mm film in their resolution and dynamic range capacity. Some filmmakers still prefer to use film picture formats to achieve the desired results.
Smooth butterfly ray
The smooth butterfly ray (Gymnura micrura) is a species of cartilaginous fish in the family Gymnuridae. It is a member of the order Myliobatiformes, which contains 10 total families. Its natural habitats are shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, estuarine waters, and coastal saline lagoons. Its common name is derived from its compressed body, pectoral fins that are wider than their length, and overall diamond shape.

Myliobatiformes
Myliobatiformes (/mɪliˈɒbətɪfɔːrmiːz/), commonly known as stingrays, are one of the four orders of batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They are members of the subclass elasmobranchs. They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes, but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the Myliobatiformes to be a monophyletic group, and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates.
Sergey Smirnov (geologist)
Sergey Sergeyevich Smirnov (Russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Смирно́в; 2 or 4 September [14, 15 or 16 September N.S.] 1895
– 20 August 1947) was a Soviet geologist and mineralogist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1943).

The ridge Dorsa Smirnov on the Moon was named after him.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Venky Jois
Venkatesha Jois (born 7 July 1993) is an Australian professional basketball player who last played for the NorthPort Batang Pier of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He played four years of college basketball for Eastern Washington before playing professionally in Estonia, Croatia, Japan, Germany, New Zealand, Serbia, Slovenia, and the Philippines . He has also played in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL).

National Basketball League (Australia)
The National Basketball League (NBL) is a men's professional basketball league in Australasia, currently composed of ten teams: nine in Australia and one in New Zealand. It is the premier professional men's basketball league in Australia and New Zealand. The league was played in the Australian winter until 1998 when it switched to summer seasons beginning with the 1998–99 season. The NBL's regular season runs from September to February, with each team playing 33 games. The league's finals extends into March to April, culminating with the Championship grand final series.
Spen Valley (UK Parliament constituency)
Spen Valley is a parliamentary constituency in the valley of the River Spen in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It returns one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was re-established for the 2024 general election, formed primarily from the (abolished) constituency of Batley and Spen.

The seat is currently represented by Kim Leadbeater who previously represented Batley and Spen from 2021 to 2024.

Mirfield
Mirfield (/ˈmɜːrfiːld/) is a town and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is on the A644 road between Brighouse and Dewsbury. At the 2011 census it had a population of 19,563. Mirfield forms part of the Heavy Woollen District.

The name Mirfield derives from the Old English myrgefeld meaning 'pleasant field'.
James Bates (conductor)
James Bates (November 16, 1952 – April 4, 2014) was an American organist and conductor, especially of Early music and Baroque music.

Born in Pittsburgh, Bates studied at the Susquehanna University and continued at the Yale School of Music where he focused on organ and choral conducting. He recorded several Bach cantatas with the ensemble Carolina Baroque. He served as an academic teacher at Salem College, Greensboro College, and Averett University.

Susquehanna University
Susquehanna University is a private liberal arts college in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, United States. Its name is derived from the original Susquehannock settlers of the region. Founded in 1858 as a missionary institute, it became a four-year liberal arts college in 1895. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. In addition to an arts and sciences focus, Susquehanna has a business school, master's degrees in education, and joint-degree programs in engineering and for a Master of Business Administration.

The academic programs are within the four schools of the arts, humanities, natural and social sciences, and the AACSB International-accredited Sigmund Weis School of Business. Susquehanna University enrolls more than 2,200 undergraduate students from 33 states and 23 countries, and maintains a student-to-faculty ratio of 12 to 1.
1963 Gillette Cup final
The 1963 Gillette Cup Final was a cricket match between Sussex County Cricket Club and Worcestershire County Cricket Club played on 7 September 1963 at Lord's in London. It was the first final of the Gillette Cup, which was the first English domestic knock-out competition between first-class teams. Sussex won the match by fourteen runs.

Friends Provident Trophy
The Friends Provident Trophy was a one-day cricket competition in the British Isles.

It was one of the four tournaments in which the eighteen first-class counties competed each season. They were joined by teams from Scotland and Ireland. Lancashire won the title a record seven times.

The competition was previously known as the Gillette Cup (1963–1980), the NatWest Trophy (1981–2000), and the C&G Trophy (2000–2006). For a short period following the 2006 season, the competition was known as the ECB One-Day Trophy because no sponsors were forthcoming when Cheltenham and Gloucester decided to end their association with the competition after the 2006 season. The tournament, along with the Pro40 forty-overs competition, was replaced by the ECB 40 competition from the 2010 season.
Michael Sukin
Michael Sukin is an American attorney specializing in music and entertainment, the owner of Sukin Law Group. Sukin was a founder of the International Association of Entertainment Lawyers. Nashville Post called him an "internationally recognized entertainment attorney".
Association of Independent Music Publishers refer to Sukin as a "music publishing and copyright expert".
According to the aforemention AIMP reference, Michael Sukin has been instrumental to music copyright legislation in the European Union. In this role he worked extensively with the European Commission, as well as the International Music Publishers Association.

NashvillePost.com
NashvillePost.com is an online news service covering business, politics and sports in the Nashville metropolitan area. It is locally owned and available by subscription.

NashvillePost.com competes with other daily news media in the Middle Tennessee area by pledging to offer a truly local approach to business, political and sports coverage, and does not offer the level of non-local coverage found in Gannett-owned daily newspaper The Tennessean, the weekly Nashville Business Journal (owned by the American City Business Journals chain) and other media outlets operated by out-of-town corporations. Its journalists report on Nashville-area business, politics and sports.

Bill Carey and David A. Fox conceived NashvillePost.com in 1999 and began publishing early in 2000; both were former business reporters for The Tennessean.
Matthew 6:27
Matthew 6:27 is the twenty-seventh verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse continues the discussion of worry about material provisions.

Sermon on the Mount
The Sermon on the Mount (translated from Vulgate Latin section title Sermo in monte) is a collection of sayings spoken by Jesus of Nazareth found in chapters 5, 6, and 7 of the Gospel of Matthew that summarizes his moral teachings. It is the first of five discourses in the Gospel and has been one of the most widely quoted sections of the Gospels.
Nivraym
Nivraym is the third studio album by the Zeuhl band Koenjihyakkei, released in Japan on the Magaibutsu Limited label in 2001. The album was later released in the US in 2009 by the American record label Skin Graft Records as a re-recorded and re-mixed version.

Skin Graft Records
Skin Graft Records (officially capitalized SKiN GRAFT Records) is an independent record label specializing in no wave and noise rock, originally based in Chicago, Illinois. The label is largely responsible for spawning "now wave" genre, an updated version of the late 1970s/early 1980s no wave movement.
Alfred Choubrac
Alfred Choubrac (30 December 1853 – 25 July 1902) was a French painter, illustrator, draughtsman, poster artist and costume designer. Together with Jules Chéret he is considered to be one of the pioneers of the modern coloured and illustrated poster of the Belle Époque in France, in particular in Paris.

Humber cycles
Humber was an English brand of bicycles and tricycles. Thomas Humber made himself a velocipede in 1868. From that time he built a substantial business in manufacturing tricycles and bicycles while continuously improving their design and construction. His products were so well-made and well-designed they were known as "the aristocrat among bicycles".

Though Thomas Humber retired from the cycle business in 1892 and went on to other things, his brand name remained a high-valued trademark for more than ninety years.
Reading 2124
Reading 2124 is a preserved T-1 class 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotive, originally built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in December 1924 as an I-10sa class 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type locomotive for the Reading Company (RDG), No. 2124 was rebuilt by RDG's own locomotive shops as a 4-8-4 "Northern" in January 1947, No. 2124 pulled heavy freight and coal trains for the Reading until being retired from revenue service in 1956.

No. 2124 was later used by the RDG to pull their Iron Horse Rambles excursion fantrips across the railroad's network between 1959 and 1961. In 1962, No. 2124's flue time expired, and it was sold to F. Nelson Blount, who added it to his Steamtown, U.S.A. collection. As of 2026, No. 2124 remains on static display at Steamtown National Historic Site in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

2-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.

The notation 2-8-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in side-tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.

The Consolidation represented a notable advance in locomotive power. After 1875, it became "the most popular type of freight locomotive in the United States and was built in greater quantities than any other single wheel arrangement."