hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Imma von Bodmershof
Imma von Bodmershof (born Emma Lilly Isolde von Ehrenfels; August 10, 1895 – August 26, 1982) was an Austrian poet born in Graz. She received the Grand Austrian State Prize in 1958 for her work Sieben Handvoll Salz (Seven Handfuls of Sand), a novel set in Sicily. She was engaged to be married to and influenced by the works of Norbert von Hellingrath. She had a talent for writing haiku and published several volumes.

Imma was the daughter of Baron Christian von Ehrenfels, the founder of the modern structural Gestalt psychology in Austria. She was also the sister of Umar Rolf Baron Ehrenfels, an orientalist and anthropologist who converted to Islam.

Norbert von Hellingrath
Friedrich Norbert Theodor von Hellingrath (21 March 1888 – 14 December 1916) was a German literary scholar whose main contribution to literary scholarship is the first complete edition of the works of the poet Friedrich Hölderlin.
Sofa.com
Sofa.com is a UK-based company founded in 2006 whose primary business is selling sofas, sofabeds, chairs and beds online. It has 3 showrooms in London (Chelsea, Bankside and Islington) as well as Nottingham, Bath, Glasgow, Harrogate and Guildford. More recently, it has also opened concessions in some House of Fraser department stores. The company was purchased in January 2019 by Frasers Group (formerly Sports Direct International) for "a nominal sum".

Couch
A couch, also known as a sofa, settee, chesterfield, or davenport, is a cushioned piece of furniture that can seat multiple people. It is commonly found in the form of a bench with upholstered armrests and is often fitted with springs and tailored cushion and pillows. Although a couch is used primarily for seating, it may be used for sleeping. In homes, couches are normally put in the family room, living room, den, or lounge. They are sometimes also found in non-residential settings such as hotels, lobbies of commercial offices, waiting rooms, and bars. Couches can also vary in size, color, and design.
Dnevni telegraf
Dnevni telegraf was a Serbian daily middle-market tabloid published in Belgrade between 1996 and November 1998, and then also in Podgorica until March 1999.

It was the first privately owned daily in Serbia after more than 50 years of across-the-board public ownership under communism. Founded and owned by Slavko Ćuruvija, published in tabloid format with content that catered to the middle-market, Dnevni telegraf maintained high prominence and readership all throughout its run.

Yugoslav Left
The Yugoslav Left, also known as the Yugoslav United Left (JUL), was a political party in Serbia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. At its peak, the party had 20 seats in Republic of Serbia's National Assembly following the 1997 general election.
Canton-Potsdam Hospital
Canton-Potsdam Hospital is a 94-bed 
not-for-profit hospital located in Potsdam, New York, which is northeast of Canton the county seat of St. Lawrence. Their special services programs include
inpatient detox and Center for Cancer Care.

Non-profit hospital
A non-profit hospital is a hospital that does not make profits for owners of the hospital from the funds collected for patient services. The owners of non-profit hospitals are often a charitable organization or non-profit corporations. Fees for service above the cost of service are reinvested in the hospital. Other funding types for hospitals include public hospitals and for-profit hospitals.
Douglas School
Douglas School, also known as the Douglas Community Learning Center, is a historic school for African-American students located at Winchester, Virginia.  It is a central auditorium plan school built in 1927, with funds from the John Handley Endowment.  It is a one-story, dark red brick building with a four columned, Classical Revival style entry. Additions to
the building were made in 1940, 1951, and 1962. The school served as the only African-American school in the city until 1966, when it was closed after integration of the Winchester schools.

Built in 1927 as a "separate but equal" school for African American students but converted to a community center in 1966 after desegregation; may have been named for Frederick Douglass, despite the spelling difference.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

School integration in the United States
In the United States, school integration (also known as desegregation) is the process of ending race-based segregation within American public, and private schools. Racial segregation in schools existed throughout most of American history and remains an issue in contemporary education. During the civil rights movement school integration became a priority, but since then de facto segregation has again become prevalent.

School segregation declined rapidly during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Segregation appears to have increased since 1990. The disparity in the average poverty rate in the schools whites attend and blacks attend is the single most important factor in the educational achievement gap between white and black students.
Borough 4 (Düsseldorf)
Borough 4 (German: Stadtbezirk 4) is a borough of Düsseldorf, the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It covers an area of 12.62 square kilometres and has about 45,000 inhabitants (2020).

Borough 4 is the city's only borough on the west bank of the Rhine and its quarters are popular residential areas. Across the river, it shares borders with Düsseldorf boroughs 5, 1 and 3. West and South-west, the borough is bordered by Rhein-Kreis Neuss and the city of Neuss.

Neuss
Neuss (German pronunciation: [nɔʏs] ⓘ; written Neuß until 1968; Limburgish: Nüss [ˈnʏs]; Latin: Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on the west bank of the Rhine opposite Düsseldorf. Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district. It is primarily known for its historic Roman sites, as well as the annual Neusser Bürger-Schützenfest. Neuss and Trier share the title of "Germany's oldest city", and in 1984 Neuss celebrated the 2000th anniversary of its founding in 16 BCE.
Fulling mills in England
Fulling mills in England were introduced in the last half of the twelfth century. This application of water power to fulling was developed and spread by religious orders, primarily by the Cistercians and the military orders such as the Templars and Knights Hospitaller. Bernard of Clairvaux wrote to Henry I of England in 1131 as regards his plan to establish a daughter house of Clairvaux Abbey as an outpost in what was to become Rievaulx Abbey.

Clairvaux Abbey
Clairvaux Abbey (/klɛərˈvoʊ/, French: [klɛʁvo] l’abbaye de Clairvaux; Latin: Clara Vallis) was a Cistercian monastery in Ville-sous-la-Ferté, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Bar-sur-Aube. The abbey was founded in 1115 by Bernard of Clairvaux. As a primary abbey, it was one of the most significant monasteries in the order. Dissolved during the French Revolution, it was used from 1808 to 2023 as Clairvaux Prison, a high-security correctional facility. As of 2024, the site was being converted to a tourist destination.

Its layout was significantly altered by construction in the 18th and 19th centuries. Before it was a prison, Clairvaux Abbey served as an archetype for Cistercian monasteries; significant portions of the ancient abbey remain standing.
Modbury High School
Modbury High School is a government school in the north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide. It borders Modbury South Primary School and is in close proximity to Ardtornish Primary School. School enrolment currently has over 700 students for year levels seven to twelve.[A]

St Agnes, South Australia
St Agnes is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is around 15 km northeast of the city centre. It is located in the City of Tea Tree Gully.

Facilities and amenities on the suburb include Ardtornish Primary School, founded in 1882, and the Steventon Post Office that opened around January 1859, to be renamed Tea Tree Gully in 1872, and  Teatree Gully in 1925. Tea Tree Gully changed again in 1966 and finally became St Agnes in 1969.
Ascorbyl palmitate
Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C.  In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E304). It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, the U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Ascorbyl palmitate is also marketed as "vitamin C ester". It is synthesized by acylation of vitamin C using different acyl donors.

Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to prevent spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

Dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term has also been applied to various compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro, having little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo. Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans.
T. M. Devine
Sir Thomas Martin Devine (born 30 July 1945) is a Scottish academic and author who specialises in the history of Scotland. He was knighted and made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his contributions to Scottish historiography, and is known for his overviews of modern Scottish history. He is an advocate of the total history approach to the history of Scotland. He is professor emeritus at the University of Edinburgh, and was formerly a professor at the University of Strathclyde and the University of Aberdeen.

Nouvelle histoire
The term new history, from the French term nouvelle histoire (French pronunciation: [nuvɛl istwaʁ]), was coined by Jacques Le Goff and Pierre Nora, leaders of the third generation of the Annales school, in the 1970s. The movement can be associated with cultural history, history of representations, and histoire des mentalités. The new history movement's inclusive definition of the proper matter of historical study has also given it the label total history. The movement was contrasted with the traditional ways of writing history which focused on politics and "great men". The new history rejected any insistence on composing historical narrative; an emphasis on administrative documents as basic source materials; concern with individuals' motivations and intentions as explanatory factors for historical events; and the old belief in objectivity.

The approach was rejected by Marxist historians because it downplayed what Marxists believed was the central role of class in shaping history.
Hadji Sali Bey
Hadji Sali Bey[a] (; fl. 1804–1806) was an Ottoman official in Srebrenica, a town in the Sanjak of Zvornik of the Bosnia Eyalet. He held the title of bey. As part of the Ottoman campaign against the Serbian rebellion beginning in 1805, Hadji Sali Bey was dispatched to fight the Serbian rebels.

Bosnia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Bosnia (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بوسنه, romanized: Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; Turkish: Bosna Eyaleti; Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in 1853 was 52,530 square kilometres (20,281 sq mi).
Sackerson
Sackerson was a famous brown bear which was baited in London's Beargarden in the late 16th century.

The bear appears in Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor in which Slender boasts to Anne Page that, "That’s meate and drinke to me now: I have seene Sackerson loose, twenty times, and
have taken him by the Chaine: but (I warrant you) the women have so cride and shrekt at it, that it past:": 103

Such bears were named after their owners.  John Sackerson (1541–95) was the landlord of the Bear Inn in Nantwich and kept a stable of bears and so may have supplied this one.: 105

The Merry Wives of Windsor
The Merry Wives of Windsor or Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597. The Windsor of the play's title is a reference to the town of Windsor, also the location of Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England. Though nominally set in the reign of Henry IV or early in the reign of Henry V, the play makes no pretence to exist outside contemporary Elizabethan-era English middle-class life. It features the character Sir John Falstaff, the fat knight who had previously been featured in Henry IV, Part 1 and Part 2. It has been adapted for the opera at least ten times. The play is one of Shakespeare's lesser-regarded works among literary critics.
Tradition has it that The Merry Wives of Windsor was written at the request of Queen Elizabeth I, who watching Henry IV, Part 1, is said to have asked Shakespeare to write a play depicting Falstaff in love.
2022 Braga Open – Doubles
Nuno Borges and Francisco Cabral were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Vít Kopřiva and Jaroslav Pospíšil won the title after defeating Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan and Christopher Rungkat 3–6, 6–3, [10–4] in the final.

Francisco Cabral (tennis)
Francisco Cabral (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku kɐˈβɾal]; born 8 January 1997) is a Portuguese tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 19 achieved on 12 January 2026.

Cabral has won six ATP doubles titles, one partnering with Nuno Borges, one pairing with Tomislav Brkić and four with Lucas Miedler. He has also won nine ATP Challenger doubles titles with Nuno Borges, including a record of six during the 2021 season, as well as one each with Szymon Walków and Nicolás Barrientos.
Roberto Campos (baseball)
Roberto Campos (1902 – death unknown) was a Cuban professional baseball outfielder in the Negro leagues and Cuban League in the 1920s.

A native of Manzanillo, Cuba, Campos played in the Negro leagues for the Cuban Stars (West) in 1923. He also played in the Cuban League for the Habana club in 1923–1924.

Habana (Cuban League)
The Habana B.B.C. also known as the Habana Reds or, later, the Leones del Habana  was one of the oldest and most distinguished baseball teams in the old Cuban League, which existed from 1878 to 1961.  Habana, representing the city of Havana, was the only team to play in the league every season of its existence and was one of its most successful franchises.  In their early history they were known by their colors as the Reds; later they adopted the names of Leones or Lions.  Throughout their existence they had a famous rivalry with Almendares.

Habana won 30 Cuban League championships (more than any other club) and one Caribbean Series (in 1952).
Bell End
Bell End is a village in the English county of Worcestershire. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) south-east of Hagley on the A491, north of Bromsgrove and close to Kidderminster, Stourbridge and Halesowen. It lies in the local government District of Bromsgrove.

The village lies about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Belbroughton.

On the western side of the village is Bell Hall, a Victorian Gothic mansion on the site of the original manor house. It was built in 1847 for Charles Noel, later a High Sheriff of Worcestershire, by the architect Edward Smith of Oldswinford. In 2010 the property was offered for sale at £3.5 million.

The village shares its name with the British slang for the glans penis.

Kidderminster
Kidderminster is a market town and civil parish in Worcestershire, England, 18 miles (29 km) south-west of Birmingham and 15 miles (24 km) north of Worcester. Located north of the River Stour and east of the River Severn, in the 2021 census, it had a population of 57,400. The town is twinned with Husum, Germany.

Situated in the far north of Worcestershire (and with its northern suburbs only 3 and 4 miles from the Staffordshire and Shropshire borders respectively), the town is the main administration centre for the wider Wyre Forest District, which includes the towns of Stourport-on-Severn and Bewdley, along with other outlying settlements.
Amory, Mississippi
Amory /ˈeɪ.mər.i/ is a city in Monroe County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 6,666 at the 2020 census, down from 7,316 in 2010. Located in the northeastern part of the state near the Alabama border, it was founded in 1887 as a railroad town by the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad. As a result, Cotton Gin Port, along the Tombigbee River to the west, was abandoned as businesses and people moved for railroad access.

Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad
The Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham Railroad is a historic railroad that operated in the southern United States.

The company was created by consolidation in 1887 from a line of the same name (which was originally incorporated in Mississippi on February 18, 1886) and the Memphis and Birmingham Railway.  The KCM&B operated between Memphis, Tennessee and Birmingham, Alabama.  The Kansas City, Fort Scott and Memphis Railroad owned 50% of the stock in the KCM&B and the line operated as an extension to the KCFS&M.

Both railroads were operationally absorbed into the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad (the "Frisco") in 1896.  In 1901 the KCFS&M was purchased by the Frisco and the KCM&B was leased by the Frisco in 1903.  A formal transfer of KCM&B assets to the Frisco did not take place until 1928.
Cantor's paradise
Cantor's paradise is an expression used by David Hilbert (1926, page 170) in describing set theory and infinite cardinal numbers developed by Georg Cantor. The context of Hilbert's comment was his opposition to what he saw as L. E. J. Brouwer's reductive attempts to circumscribe what kind of mathematics is acceptable; see Brouwer–Hilbert controversy.

Brouwer–Hilbert controversy
The Brouwer–Hilbert controversy (German: Grundlagenstreit, lit. 'foundational debate') was a debate in twentieth-century mathematics over fundamental questions about the consistency of axioms and the role of semantics and syntax in mathematics. L. E. J. Brouwer, a proponent of the constructivist school of intuitionism, opposed David Hilbert, a proponent of formalism. Much of the controversy took place while both were involved with Mathematische Annalen, the leading mathematical journal of the time, with Hilbert as editor-in-chief and Brouwer as a member of its editorial board. In 1928, Hilbert had Brouwer removed from the editorial board of Mathematische Annalen.
Lyell Cresswell
Lyell Richard Cresswell (13 October 1944 – 19 March 2022) was a New Zealand composer of contemporary classical music. He was the younger brother of philosopher Max Cresswell. Cresswell studied in Wellington, Toronto, Aberdeen and Utrecht and lived and worked in Edinburgh from 1985 on. Although he lived more than half his life away from New Zealand, he regarded himself as a New Zealander.

Cresswell died from liver cancer, complicated by COVID-19.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Itaú-San Alberto gas field
The Itaú-San Alberto gas field is a natural gas field located in the Tarija Department of Bolivia. Discovered in 1998, it was developed by Total S.A., determining it to have initial total proven reserves of around 20.33 trillion ft3 (581 km3 (139 cu mi)). It began production of natural gas and condensates in 2004, with a production rate of around 200 million ft3/day (5.7×105 m3).

TotalEnergies
TotalEnergies SE is a French multinational integrated energy and petroleum company founded in 1924 and is one of the seven supermajor oil companies. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading. TotalEnergies is also a large-scale chemicals manufacturer.

TotalEnergies has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie, west of Paris. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, TotalEnergies was ranked as the 21st largest company in the world.
Para-Vasudeva
Para-Vasudeva (Sanskrit: परवासुदेव, romanized: Paravāsudēva) is a term found in the Vaishnavism tradition of Hinduism. It refers to the supreme and transcendental form of God, from which all of his manifestations emerge. The shakti (divine energy) of this form of God is regarded to contribute to the avataras, the material appearances of the deity on earth.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Lecithocera monobyrsa
Lecithocera monobyrsa is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Uganda.

The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are light brownish ochreous and the hindwings are greyish ochreous.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Lynn Rosenthal
Lynn Rosenthal is an American policy maker, activist, and consultant on gender-based violence, sexual assault, and domestic violence who served in both the Obama and Biden Administrations.  Vice President Joe Biden appointed her to be the first ever  White House advisor on violence against women in 2009. Rosenthal later served as the deputy assistant secretary for the Office of Population Affairs and the director of the Office of Adolescent Health. At the Department of Health and Human Services, Rosenthal was the director of sexual violence and gender-based violence. Rosenthal worked as president of The Center for Family Safety and Healing. Rosenthal also had worked as the director of Violence Against Women Initiatives for the Biden Foundation in 2017.

North Florida
North Florida is a region of the U.S. state of Florida comprising the northernmost part of the state. Along with South Florida and Central Florida, it is one of Florida's three most common "directional" regions. It includes Jacksonville and nearby localities in Northeast Florida, an interior region known as North Central Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. North Florida is considered to be part of the Southern United States, namely the Deep South, and contains the state capital of Tallahassee.