hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Puli Alam
Pul-i-Alam, also written as Puli Alam, Pul-e Alam or Pul-e-Alam, is a city in eastern Afghanistan, serving as the capital of Logar Province. It is within the jurisdiction of Puli Alam District and has an estimated population of 130,793 people. They are mostly ethnic Pashtuns and Tajiks. The city had 2,546 dwellings in 2015.

Pul-i-Alam is connected by a major road to Kabul in the north, Gardez in the southeast and the Kabul–Kandahar Highway in Saydabad District of Maidan Wardak Province in the west. The Logar University is located around 17 km (11 mi) to the east from the center of the city.

Saydabad District
Saydabad District (Pashto: سیدآباد ولسوالۍ) is a district of Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan. The district is known for its pleasant climate, including hilly vegetation, streams, and orchards. The district was a popular retreat for Kabul residents until an increase in ISAF-Taliban violence in the late 2000s. The city of Saydabad serves as the district capital. With a population of 114,793, it is the most populous district of the province.

The district is within the heartland of the Wardak tribe of Pashtuns.: 10
Spearman (surname)
Spearman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Spearman (1901–1982), British Member of Parliament

Sir Alexander Young Spearman, 1st Baronet (1793–1874), British civil servant

Armegis Spearman (born 1978), American football linebacker

Charles Spearman (1863–1945)), English psychologist and statistician

Clyde Spearman (fl. 1932–1946), American baseball player

Craig Spearman (born 1972), New Zealand cricketer

Diana Spearman (1905–1991), British writer and political activist

Doug Spearman (born 1962), American actor

Frank H. Spearman (1859–1937), American author known for his works on railroads

Glenn Spearman (1947–1998), American saxophonist

John Spearman (1824 – after 1901), American iron manufacturer

Pat Spearman (born 1955), American politician

Thomas David Spearman (born 1937), Irish mathematical physicist

Charles Spearman
Charles Edward Spearman, FRS (10 September 1863 – 17 September 1945) was an English psychologist known for work in statistics, as a pioneer of factor analysis, and for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. He also did seminal work on models for human intelligence, including his theory that disparate cognitive test scores reflect a single general intelligence factor and coining the term g factor.
Hugh of Rhuddlan
Hugh of Rhuddlan (Anglo-Norman: Hue de Rotelande) was an important Cambro-Norman poet writing in the Anglo-Norman language at the end of the 12th century. He has been described as one of 'Angevin England's most mercurial literary figures'.

Cambro-Normans
Cambro-Normans (Latin: Cambria; "Wales", Welsh: Normaniaid Cymreig; Norman: Nouormands Galles) were Normans who settled in southern Wales and the Welsh Marches after the Norman invasion of Wales. Cambro-Norman knights were also the leading force in the Cambro-Norman invasion of Ireland, led by Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke in 1170.
Marcus Riccelli
Marcus Michael Riccelli (born June 7, 1978) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. He won election to the Washington State Senate in November 2024, defeating Republican Jim Wilson with 60.54% of the vote. He previously served in the State House of Representatives, representing the 3rd district from 2013 to 2025.

Washington State Senate
The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body consists of 49 members, each representing a district with a population of approximately 160,000. The state senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.

As with the lower House of Representatives, state senators serve without term limits, and senators serve four-year terms. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, with each district electing one senator and two representatives. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the state senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards.
Crime and Security Act 2010
The Crime and Security Act 2010 (c. 17) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that introduced various measures relating to policing, crime and security; primarily regarding domestic violence, gang violence, anti-social behaviour, and requirements relating to the collection of forensic evidence from and the stop and search of individuals.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
Jem Costello
Jem Costello is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, played by Helen Russell-Clark. She made her first on-screen appearance on 5 March 2010. It was later announced that Jem had been written out of the serial, and the character would leave in November 2010. Russell-Clark made her final appearance as Jem on 30 November 2010.

Carley Stenson
Carley Stenson (born 22 September 1982) is an English actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Steph Cunningham in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks and Harriet Shelton in the BBC soap opera Doctors. For her role as Steph, she received numerous nominations at the British Soap Awards.

Stenson left Hollyoaks in 2010 to focus on musical theatre acting and has since played roles such as Elle Woods in Legally Blonde: The Musical and Fantine in Les Misérables. In 2023, she competed in the fifteenth series of Dancing on Ice.
Kuşluca, Ovacık
Kuşluca (Kurdish: Derik) is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Qoçan tribe and had a population of 19 in 2021.

The hamlets of Cemallar, Cevizlik and Kavaklık are attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
Singaperbangsa Stadium
Singaperbangsa Stadium, or Stadion Singaperbangsa, is a multi-purpose stadium located in Karawang Regency, Indonesia. Mostly, this stadium is used for football matches. The stadium is currently the home base of Persita Tangerang which is playing in the Indonesia Super League and Persika Karawang in the Premier Division LPIS (the 2nd level football competition in Indonesia) and also Markuban Matador FC club playing in First Division. Previously it was also the home base of Pelita Jaya, a football club playing in the Indonesia Super League (ISL) from 2010 to 2012, before moving to Bandung after merger with Bandung Raya. It has a seating capacity of 25,000.

The stadium was named after Panembahan Singaperbangsa, the first regent of Karawang, appointed in 1633 by Sultan Agung of Mataram with the title of Dalem Kertabumi III.

Sultan Agung of Mataram
Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Anyakrakusuma (Javanese: ꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦒꦸꦁꦲꦢꦶꦥꦿꦧꦸꦲꦚꦏꦿꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩ), commonly known as Sultan Agung, was the third Sultan of Mataram in Central Java ruling from 1613 to 1645. He was a skilled soldier who conquered neighbouring states and expanded and consolidated his kingdom to its greatest territorial and military power.

Sultan Agung or Susuhunan Agung (literally, "Great Sultan" or "Majestic Sultan") is subject to a substantial amount of literature due to his legacy as a Javanese ruler, a fighter against the incursions of the Dutch East India Company, a conqueror, and his existence within a cultural framework where myth and magic are intertwined with verifiable historical events and personages. The Dutch literature wrote his name as Agoeng de Grote (literally, "Agung the Great").

For his service as a fighter and cultural observer, Sultan Agung was declared as National Hero of Indonesia on November 3, 1975.
Taxila Tehsil
The Taxila Tehsil, with its administrative centre in Taxila, is one of the eight sub-districts of the Rawalpindi District in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It is neighboured by the Attock District to the west, Rawalpindi Tehsil to the south, the Islamabad Capital Territory to the east, and Haripur District to the north-east.

The area was part of the ancient Gandhara region. Taxila was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 and is located in the town of Taxila.

Islamabad Capital Territory
The Islamabad Capital Territory is a federal territory of Pakistan, centred around Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. It is located on the northern edge of the Pothohar Plateau, at the foot of the Margalla Hills, in the northwestern Punjab region. The Territory shares borders with the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west and the province of Punjab in the remaining directions. It covers an area of 906.5 square kilometres (350.0 mi2) and, according to 2023 census, has a population of over 2.3 million.

The area was separated from Rawalpindi District in 1967 to form a separate territory administered by the federal government. The territory is represented in the National Assembly by NA-52, NA-53, and NA-54 constituencies and by four seats in the Senate.
1937 Palestine Cup
The 1937 Palestine Cup (Hebrew: הגביע הארץ-ישראלי, HaGavia HaEretz-Israeli) was the eighth season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition. The defending holders were Maccabi Avshalom Petah Tikva.

Reinstated after a year's hiatus, due to the outbreak of the 1936-1939 Arab revolt, the competition saw Hapoel HaDarom Tel Aviv upsetting Maccabi Tel Aviv and reaching the final, aided by suspensions that were handed to Maccabi players, forcing the club to field a youth team for the Semi-final match against Hapoel HaDarom

In the final, Hapoel Tel Aviv defeated Hapoel HaDarom 3–0 to win its third cup.

Israel Football Association
The Israel Football Association (IFA; Hebrew: ההתאחדות לכדורגל בישראל HaHiṯəʼaḥăḏūṯ ləKaddūreḡel bəYiśrāʼēl, lit. 'The Association of Football in Israel') is the governing body of football in Israel. It organizes a variety of association football leagues where the highest level is the Israeli Premier League; as well as national cups such as the Israel State Cup, the Toto Cup, and the Israel Super Cup; also, the Israel national football team. The IFA was originally founded in 1928, in Mandatory Palestine, and is based in Ramat Gan.
Chhededaha Rural Municipality
Khaptad Chhededaha (Nepali: खप्तड छेडेदह गाउँपालिका) is a newly formed rural municipality in Bajura District in the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal. It was formed in March, 2017  in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015  as per the requirement of Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration. The name of this municipality is originated after the name famous taal and khaptad NP of this area Chhededha Taal.

Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
The Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (Nepali: सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय), (MoFAGA), is the ministry of Nepal that supervises activities undertaken by the local governments in Nepal.  It also regulates and manages the civil service.

MoFAGA is the only ministry with direct linkage with the country's municipalities, rural municipalities and provinces. It also plays a  direct role in implementing various eServices in the local governments.
Trademark symbol
The trademark symbol ™ is a symbol to indicate that the preceding mark is a trademark, specifically an unregistered trademark. It complements the registered trademark symbol ® which is reserved for trademarks registered with an appropriate government agency.

In Canada, an equivalent marque de commerce symbol, (U+1F16A 🅪 RAISED MC SIGN) is used in French. Canada also has an official mark symbol, ⟨Ⓜ⟩, to indicate that a name or design used by Canadian public authorities is protected. Some German publications, especially dictionaries, also use a Warenzeichen grapheme, (U+1F12E 🄮 CIRCLED WZ), which is informative and independent of the actual protection status of the name.

Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, relationship, or mathematical formula. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols: for example, a red octagon is a common symbol for "STOP"; on maps, blue lines often represent rivers; and a red rose often symbolizes love and compassion. Numerals are symbols for numbers; letters of an alphabet may be symbols for certain phonemes; and personal names are symbols representing individuals. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics.

In the arts, symbolism is the use of a concrete element to represent a more abstract idea. In cartography, an organized collection of symbols forms a legend for a map.
Nelson Land District
Nelson Land District is a land district (cadastral division) of Western Australia, located within the South West Division on the state's south coast. It covers part of the state's Lower South West region and includes the townsites of Bridgetown, Manjimup, Pemberton, Northcliffe and Nannup as well as Point D'Entrecasteaux and, at its far southeastern corner, Walpole (the Frankland River is its boundary at this point).

Northcliffe, Western Australia
Northcliffe is a town located in the lower South West region of Western Australia, about 28 kilometres (17 mi) south of the town of Pemberton. It is part of the Shire of Manjimup. At the 2006 census, Northcliffe had a population of 412. Currently, Northcliffe serves a population of around 770 people within the town and surrounding areas. Approximately 31% of the population have post-secondary qualifications.

It is largely surrounded by karri, marri and jarrah forest and is close to the Warren, D'Entrecasteaux and Shannon national parks. Primarily a dairy farming area since the region was populated under the Group Settlement scheme of the 1920s and 1930s, the district was also a centre for the tobacco and logging industries until both ceased, the former in 1960 and the latter under the Regional Forestry Agreement of 1999.
Szubina
Szubina [ʂuˈbina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krośniewice, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Krośniewice, 9 km (6 mi) west of Kutno, and 54 km (34 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Kutno County
Kutno County (Polish: powiat kutnowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kutno, which lies 51 kilometres (32 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Żychlin, lying 18 km (11 mi) east of Kutno, and Krośniewice, 14 km (9 mi) west of Kutno.

The county covers an area of 886.29 square kilometres (342.2 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 104,124, out of which the population of Kutno was 47,557, that of Żychlin is 8,880, that of Krośniewice was 4,647, and the rural population was 43,040.
49th Quartermaster Group
The 49th Quartermaster Group (Petroleum and Water) was a United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) combat service support unit stationed at Fort Gregg-Adams (formerly Fort Lee), Virginia. The group motto was "Fueling the Force." Reactivated in 1993, the 49th held an inactivation ceremony at Fort Lee on 14 September 2012. Its subordinate 530th Support Battalion and 108th Quartermaster Company were reassigned to a brigade headquarters to await their own inactivation in September 2013. According to an article in the post newspaper, "The 54th and 111th, the Army's only active duty mortuary affairs units, are not likely to be inactivated but may be transferred. If any of the units remain at Fort Lee, they may be realigned under battalions either at Fort Eustis, home of the 7th Sustainment Brigade, or Fort Bragg, N.C., home of the XVIII Airborne Corps, the 49th's current higher headquarters."

XVIII Airborne Corps
The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
Fondazione Carispaq
Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia dell'Aquila known as Fondazione Carispaq is an Italian charity organization that was the product of 1992 banking reform. The foundation was the owner of Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia dell'Aquila S.p.A.. However the limited company was sold to Banca Popolare dell'Emilia Romagna progressively from 2000 to 2013. Carispaq sold 11.853% shares of Carispaq for 1,915,453 new shares of BPER, which equivalent to 0.58% share capital as at 31 December 2014.

As of 31 December 2014, the foundation had a shareholders equity of €142,841,977. The foundation provided scholarship to the students of University of L'Aquila, as well as an archaeology scholarship  co-funded with Associazione L'ArQueologia. It was reported that the foundation promoted the construction of a L'Aquila–Rome railway.

University of L'Aquila
The University of L'Aquila (Italian: Università degli Studi dell'Aquila) is a public research university located in L'Aquila, Central Italy.  It was founded in 1964 (its history begins in 1596) and is organized in nine departments.
Western Union splice
The Western Union splice or lineman splice is a method of joining electrical cable, developed in the nineteenth century during the introduction of the telegraph and named for the Western Union telegraph company. This method can be used where the cable may be subject to loading stress. The wrapping pattern design causes the join to tighten as the conductors pull against each other.

Structural load
A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. A load causes stress, deformation, displacement or acceleration  in a structure. Structural analysis, a discipline in engineering, analyzes the effects of loads on structures and structural elements. Excess load may cause structural failure, so this should be considered and controlled during the design of a structure. Particular  mechanical structures—such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships, and submarines—are subject to their own particular structural loads and actions. Engineers often evaluate structural loads based upon published regulations, contracts, or specifications.  Accepted technical standards are used for acceptance testing and inspection.
Ferric hydroxysulfate
Ferric hydroxysulfate (Fe3+SO4OH) is a mineral located on Mars. It was discovered in the year 2025 by Bishop et al (2025) on Mars in the Aram Chaos crater and on the plateau above Juventae Chasma.

This mineral is formed by hydrous Fe2+ sulfates being heated to 100 °C or above which was provided from the deposition of ash and lava or by hydrothermal processes. Then hydrated ferrous sulfates are oxidated. The sulfates this mineral contains were likely left behind by sulfate-rich pools of water slowly drying up.

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
Culture of Fiji
The culture of modern day Fiji is a blend of indigenous Fijian, Indian, European, Chinese cultures.

Fiji had influence from various other cultures from the Pacific neighbors of Fiji; in particular the Tongan and Rotuman cultures.

Rotumans
The Rotumans (Rotuman: Rotuạm; Fijian: Ro) are a Polynesian ethnic group native to Rotuma, an island group forming part of Fiji. The island itself is a cultural melting pot at the crossroads of the Micronesian, Melanesian and Polynesian divisions of the Pacific Ocean, and due to the seafaring nature of traditional Pacific cultures, the indigenous Rotuman have adopted or share many aspects of its multifaceted culture with its Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian neighbours.
Chłaniów
Chłaniów [ˈxwaɲuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żółkiewka, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

On 23 July 1944, as revenge for the killing by Polish partisans of an SS officer, the village of Chłaniów, together with nearby Władysławin, was burned down by the Ukrainian Self-Defense Legion. Overall, 44 residents died in the two villages. One of the officers ordering the attack was allegedly Michael Karkoc, who lived openly in Minnesota, USA until his death in 2019.

Krasnystaw County
Krasnystaw County (Polish: powiat krasnostawski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Krasnystaw, which lies 50 kilometres (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The county covers an area of 1,067.18 square kilometres (412.0 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 63,554, out of which the population of Krasnystaw is 18,675 and the rural population is 44,879.
St. Albert's College
St. Albert's College is an autonomous liberal arts college located at Kochi, India. It has twenty-three degree courses, twelve postgraduate courses and seven research centres. The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has accredited the college at the "A" level with an aggregate score of 3.24. St. Albert's College (Autonomous) was ranked as one among the best hundred autonomous colleges in India.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Giulio Bosca
Giulio Bosca (born 3 February 1990) is a retired Italian World Cup alpine ski racer who won three medals at the Winter Universiade and won two Italian National Titles. He is now an announcer for National television RAI and a wine producer at his family winery Tosti1820.

He is the brother of Guglielmo, himself a high-level alpine skier.

FISU World University Games
The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.

The most recent summer event was the 2025 Summer World University Games held in Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany held from 16-27 July 2025, while the most recent winter event was the 2025 Winter World University Games held in Turin, Italy from 13 to 23 January 2025.