hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oath More Judaico
The Oath More Judaico or Jewish Oath was a special form of oath, rooted in antisemitism and accompanied by certain ceremonies and often intentionally humiliating, painful or dangerous, that Jews were required to take in European courts of law until the beginning of the 20th century. More Judaico is Latin for "according to Jewish custom."

The question of the trustworthiness of the Jewish oath was intimately connected with the meaning that Christian authorities assigned to the Kol Nidre prayer, recited by Jews on Yom Kippur, and the whole of the legislation regarding the oath was characteristic of the attitude of medieval states toward their Jewish subjects. The identification of Church and State seemed to render it necessary to have a different formula for those outside the state church. A similar version of the oath existed in Medieval Islamic countries such as Mamluk Egypt.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
2007 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 2007 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship is an annual competition between the top hurling clubs in Tipperary. The winners of the Tipperary Championship qualify to represent their county in the Munster Club Championship, the winners of which go on to the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship.

The Tipperary County Champions in 2006 were Toomevara who became champions with a win over Nenagh Éire Óg. The Tipperary senior hurling championship is probably the most complicated system in Ireland as it strives to accommodate 25 teams. A knockout divisional system and group backdoor system has been introduced to accommodate these teams. Before the new system, the county championship was run on a divisional basis with the teams in the divisional finals going into the county quarter-finals and proceeding from there. It may not be long before this system is re-introduced because of the complexity of the current championship.

Kiladangan GAA
Kiladangan GAA is a Tipperary GAA club which is located in County Tipperary, Ireland. Hurling is the main sport which is played in the "North Tipperary" divisional competitions. The club is centred on the village of Puckane but includes the areas of Ballycommon, Monsea and Dromineer near Nenagh.

Kiladangan was formerly spelled "Kildangan", however in January 2016 the club reverted to its former name of Kiladangan GAA. Currently, both club names are used interchangeably.
SNMP simulator
An SNMP simulator is a type of computer simulation, that simulates the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent. Contrary to network simulation, which models the behavior of a network within a computer, the SNMP simulator actually interfaces with outside systems, for example network management application software.

An SNMP simulator fools the network management application software into believing it is talking via the SNMP protocol to one or more devices, just like a flight simulator allows a pilot to believe they are flying a plane.

Network simulation
In computer network research, network simulation is a technique whereby a software program replicates the behavior of a real network. This is achieved by calculating the interactions between the different network entities such as routers, switches, nodes, access points, links, etc. Most simulators use discrete event simulation in which the modeling of systems in which state variables change at discrete points in time.  The behavior of the network and the various applications and services it supports can then be observed in a test lab; various attributes of the environment can also be modified in a controlled manner to assess how the network/protocols would behave under different conditions.
Serhiy Didukh
Serhiy Ihorovych Didukh (Ukrainian: Сергій Ігорович Дидух, born 31 May 1976) is a Ukrainian chess composer and economist.

He is an International FIDE Master for chess composition, and one of the most recognized critics in the field of endgame studies. He is known for his analytical style, high-level compositions, and for founding the website Chess Study Art, where he regularly publishes reviews, rankings, and essays on modern studies.

He is also the author of the digital collection 100 Memorable Studies.

Endgame study
In the game of chess, an endgame study, or just study, is a type of chess problem that starts with a composed position—i.e. one that has been made up rather than played in an actual game—where the goal is to find the essentially unique way for one side (usually White) to win or draw, as stipulated, against any moves the other side plays. If the study does not end in the end of the game, then the game's eventual outcome should be obvious, and White can have a selection of various moves. There is no limit to the number of moves which are allowed to achieve the win; this distinguishes studies from the genre of direct mate problems (e.g. "mate in 2"). Such problems also differ qualitatively from the very common genre of tactical puzzles based around the middlegame, often based on an actual game, where a decisive tactic must be found.
1999–2000 Russian Cup
The 1999–2000 Russian Cup was the eighth season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of Soviet Union.

The tournament was won by Lokomotiv Moscow who beat CSKA Moscow in the final with 1–0 after extra time.

Russian Cup (football)
The Russian Cup (Russian: Кубок России) is a football competition held annually by the Football Union of Russia for professional  and some amateur (only after a special permission and licensing by Russian Football Union) football clubs.

The winner of the competition ordinarily got a spot in the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round. However, all Russian clubs, as well as the national team, have been barred from European competition due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Hawne
Hawne is a residential area approximately one mile from Halesowen town centre, in the Dudley district, in the county of the West Midlands, England. It includes Newfield Park Primary School, Earls High School and Halesowen College. There is a mix of private and council housing in the area, much built between 1950 and 1980, but with many terraced houses from circa 1890. Another landmark in the area is The Grove, home of non-league football team Halesowen Town.
It is also home to the owners of Betts Motor Services in Netherton.

Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
The Metropolitan Borough of Dudley is a metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It was created in 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972, through a merger of the existing Dudley County Borough with the municipal boroughs of Stourbridge and Halesowen.

The borough's main settlement is Dudley but it also includes the outlying towns of Brierley Hill, Halesowen, Kingswinford, Lye, Netherton, Sedgley, and Stourbridge.

The borough borders Sandwell to the east, the city of Birmingham to the south east, Bromsgrove to the south in Worcestershire, South Staffordshire District to the west, and the city of Wolverhampton to the north.
Shane Costa
Shane Jeremy Costa (born December 12, 1981) is an American former professional baseball player.

Costa was born in Visalia, California and measures 6'0" and 220 lbs. From California State University, Fullerton, Costa made his Major League debut on June 2, 2005, against the New York Yankees. He graduated from Golden West High School in 2000.

On December 16, 2009, Costa re-signed with the Kansas City Royals on a minor league contract, however he did not receive an invite to spring training. On March 8, 2011, he signed a contract with the St. Paul Saints. Costa played for the Saints during the 2012 season as well.

Visalia, California
Visalia (/vaɪˈseɪljə, vɪ-/ vy-SAYL-yə, vih-) is a city in the agricultural San Joaquin Valley of California. The population was 141,384 as per the 2020 census. Visalia is the fifth-most populous city in the San Joaquin Valley, the 38th most populous in California, and 183rd in the United States. As the county seat of Tulare County, Visalia serves as the economic and governmental center to one of the most productive agricultural counties in the country.
Marc Rosenthal
Marc Joseph Rosenthal is an American singer and songwriter from New York City who sometimes performs with his band under the pseudonym Milton. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and raised in Larchmont, New York. His first band was Bad Moustache, and he began his musical career opening for G-Love at concerts in Saratoga Springs, New York. He originally became well known for his hit song "In the City", which gained significant attention from being played on the New York City radio station WFUV. The song was later included on his self-titled second album, released in 2006. His subsequent song "Booker", a tribute to New Orleans pianist James Booker, was included on his 2008 album Grand Hotel, and later named "Song of the Day" by NPR.

Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track operated by the New York Racing Association, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses".
Harold Norling Swanson
Harold Norling Swanson (August 28, 1899 – May 31, 1991) was a literary agent who represented Frank Buck, F. Scott Fitzgerald and many other well-known American writers. He was a member of the Cliff Dwellers Club and was one of the founding members of the Tavern Club in Chicago.

Cliff Dwellers Club
The Cliff Dwellers Club is a private civic arts organization in Chicago, Illinois. The Club was founded in 1907 by Chicago author Hamlin Garland as "The Attic Club", On January 18, 1909, the name was formally changed to The Cliff Dwellers. In 1908, Cliff Dwellers entered into a lease for the eighth floor and the ninth-story penthouse above Orchestra Hall (now Symphony Center) at 220 South Michigan Avenue. Garland's model was the New York Players Club.
Communauté d'agglomération du Sicoval
Communauté d'agglomération du Sicoval is a communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, covering the southeastern suburbs of Toulouse. It is located in the Haute-Garonne department, in the Occitania region, southern France. Created in 2001, its seat is in Labège. Its area is 248.4 km2. Its population was 80,357 in 2019.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Anna University K B Chandrasekhar Research Centre
The Anna University–K. B. Chandrasekhar Research Centre (AU–KBC) is located in the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT) campus. The centre was founded by K.B. Chandrasekhar, an MIT alumnus and the co-founder of Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai. The AU–KBC Research Centre is a public–private research centre in India, formed through the partnership between a wholly for-profit company (KBC Research Foundation Private Limited, KBCRF) and a state institution (Anna University). The centre's original goal, when it had its own employees, was to foster research and create products of international quality. Its current goal is to create revenue for KBCRF and its sister for-profit concerns.

Great Lakes Institute of Management
The Great Lakes Institute of Management (also known as Great Lakes or GLIM) is a private business school in India. It was founded in 2004 by Bala V. Balachandran, a professor at Kellogg School of Management with its first campus in Chennai. A second campus was opened in Gurugram later.

Its one year Post-Graduate Program in Management (PGPM) became the first one year full-time management programme to be accredited by India’s higher technical education regulator AICTE in 2008.
Ukrainian apostrophe
The apostrophe in the Ukrainian language is used before the letters я, ю, є, ї, when they denote the combination of the consonant /j/ with the vowels /ɑ/, /u/, /ɛ/, /i/ after б, п, в, м, ф, р and any solid consonant ending in a prefix or the first part of a compound word.

Ef (Cyrillic)
Ef or Fe (Ф ф; italics: Ф ф or Ф ф; italics: Ф ф) is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, like the pronunciation of ⟨f⟩ in fill, flee or fall.  The Cyrillic letter Ef is romanized as ⟨f⟩.
1896 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles
Elisabeth Moore won the singles tennis title by defeating reigning champion Juliette Atkinson 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2 in the Challenge Round of the 1896 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship. Moore had won the right to challenge Atkinson by defeating Annabella Wistar 6–3, 7–5, 6–0 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 17 through June 20, 1896.

Elisabeth Moore
Elisabeth 'Bessie' Holmes Moore (March 5, 1876 – January 22, 1959) was an American tennis champion who was active at the beginning of the 20th century. Moore won the singles title at the U.S. Championships on four occasions. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1971.
Bryan Hall (sportscaster)
Bryan Hall (born August 19, 1934) nicknamed "Hallsy", is a Canadian radio and television personality and retired radio play-by-play broadcaster for the Edmonton Eskimos on 630 CHED in Edmonton, Alberta.

CKUA Radio Network
CKUA Radio is a Canadian donor-funded community radio station based in Edmonton, Alberta. Originally located on the campus of the University of Alberta in Edmonton (hence the UA of the call letters), it was the first public broadcaster in Canada when it began broadcasting in 1927. It now broadcasts from studios in downtown Edmonton, and as of fall 2016 has added a studio in Calgary's National Music Centre. CKUA's primary station is CKUA-FM, located on 94.9 FM in Edmonton, and the station operates fifteen rebroadcasters to serve the remainder of the province.

As of February 28, 2021, CKUA is the 13th-most-listened-to radio station in the Edmonton market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.
Aukrug
Aukrug (Low German: Aukrog) is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 13 km west of Neumünster, and 35 km southwest of Kiel. The municipality was established on 31 December 1969 through the merger of the previously independent communities of Bargfeld (including the village of Tönsheide), Böken, Bünzen, Homfeld (including Bucken), and Innien. Its name derived from a regional geographical designation, and it is officially recognized as a state-approved resort (staatlich anerkannter Erholungsort).

Neumünster
Neumünster (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈmʏnstɐ] ⓘ) is a city in the middle of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. With more than 79,000 registered inhabitants, it is the fourth-largest municipality in Schleswig-Holstein (behind Kiel, Lübeck and Flensburg). The Holstenhallen and the Stadthalle make the city an important trade fair location.
Systolederus
Systolederus is a genus of Asian groundhoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) in the new (2025) tribe Xistrellini, erected by Ignacio Bolívar in 1887   The recorded species distribution includes the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Indochina, Malesia through to New Guinea.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Pamela Golbin
Pamela Golbin is a French curator, author and fashion historian. From 1993 to 2018 she was the chief curator of fashion and textile at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris. In 2019 she became artistic director of the Jacquard artist's residency.

Artist-in-residence
Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that provide artists with space and resources to support their artistic practice. Contemporary artist residencies are becoming increasingly thematic, with artists working together with their host in pursuit of a specific outcome related to a particular theme.
Léogâne
Léogâne (French pronunciation: [leɔɡan]; Haitian Creole: Leyogàn) is one of the coastal communes in Haiti. It is located in the eponymous Léogâne Arrondissement, which is part of the Ouest Department.  The port town is located about 30 km (19 mi) west of the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince. Léogâne has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature, cuisine, and architecture. It also holds importance for archaeological and historical sites such as Fort Campan.

The town was at the epicenter of the 12 January 2010 earthquake. Like Port-au-Prince, it was catastrophically affected, with 80–90% of buildings damaged. As Haiti is very poor, they couldn't afford earthquake-proof buildings.

Haitian cuisine
Haitian cuisine is a Creole cuisine that originates from a blend of several culinary styles that populated the western portion of the island of Hispaniola, namely African, French, indigenous Taíno, Spanish, and Arab influences. Haitian cuisine has some similarities with  "criollo" (Spanish for 'creole') cooking and similar to other Caribbean cuisine, but differs in several ways from its regional counterparts. Flavors are bold and spicy, demonstrating African and French influences, with notable derivatives coming from native Taíno and Spanish techniques.

Levantine influences have made their way into the mainstream culture, due to an Arab migration over the years forming a community of shared Arab descent. Years of adaptation have led to these cuisines to merge into Haitian cuisine.
Aithe Enti
Aithe Enti (transl. So what?) is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language thriller film directed by Soma Vijay Prakash and starring Namitha, newcomer Steven Kapoor, and Mohit Chadda. The film was criticised for adding vulgar scenes to the forty-five minute screenplay.

Namitha
Namitha Vankawala (born 10 May 1981) is a state executive member of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) in Tamil Nadu. She started her career initially as an actress and model who predominantly works in Tamil and Telugu cinema along with a few films in Kannada and Malayalam.
August Leopold Crelle
August Leopold Crelle (17 March 1780 – 6 October 1855) was a German mathematician. He was born in Eichwerder near Wriezen, Brandenburg, and died in Berlin. He is the founder of Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (also known as Crelle's Journal).  He befriended Niels Henrik Abel and published seven of Abel's papers in the first volume of his journal.

In 1841, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1853.

Wriezen
Wriezen (German pronunciation: [ˈvʁiːtsn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district Märkisch-Oderland, in Brandenburg, in north-eastern Germany, near the border with Poland. It is situated 11 km (7 mi) southeast of Bad Freienwalde.
Mark Lopez
Mark Lopez or Marc Lopez could refer to:

Mark López (taekwondo), American Olympic taekwando practitioner

Mark López (American executive), digital media executive

Mark Lopez (Filipino executive) (born 1972), chairman of ABS-CBN Corporation

mark! Lopez, American community organizer and activist

Mark Hugo Lopez (born 1967), American economist

Marc López (born 1982), Spanish tennis player

Mark Lopez (Filipino executive)
Martin "Mark" Lagdameo López is the chairman of ABS-CBN Corporation, the largest entertainment and media conglomerate in the Philippines, with investments primarily in television, radio, cable telecommunications, and film production.
Belmonte Flats
The Belmonte Flats are two connected apartment buildings at the intersection of 43rd Street and King Drive in the Grand Boulevard community area of Chicago, Illinois. The older and taller of the two buildings was built in 1893, while the other building opened in 1896. The Grand Boulevard area was popular with affluent Chicagoans at the time, and apartments like the Belmonte Flats served as luxury apartment housing for these residents. Chicago architecture firm Patton & Fisher designed the apartments; both buildings have matching Chicago school designs with Queen Anne and Richardsonian Romanesque elements. The buildings both feature brick exteriors with limestone bases and terra cotta cornices, and the taller building has a turret at its corner. The interior features extensive detailing typical of luxury housing, including ornamental moldings and brackets and a mosaic tile floor in the lobby.

The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 1998.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.