hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walker M. Curtiss
Walker M. Curtiss (November 1, 1852 – January 18, 1917) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in the town of Salem, Kenosha County, Wisconsin, Curtiss lived in the community of Trevor, Wisconsin, graduated from Beloit College, and was a farmer. He served in several public offices. Curtiss was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1905 to 1911 and was a Republican. Curtiss died at his home in Trevor, Wisconsin.

Kenosha County, Wisconsin
Kenosha County (/kəˈnoʊʃə/ ⓘ) is located in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 169,151, and was estimated to be 168,754 in 2024, making it the eighth-most populous county in Wisconsin. Its county seat and the largest city is Kenosha, the fourth-largest city in Wisconsin.

Kenosha County is situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. The county has a direct rail link to Chicago via Metra's Union Pacific North Line. In 2022, Kenosha County was ranked 16th out of 72 Wisconsin counties for tourism revenue, at $424 million in 2022.
Deadly Hero
Deadly Hero is a 1975 American neo noir thriller film starring Don Murray, Diahn Williams, James Earl Jones, Lilia Skala and Treat Williams in his film debut. It was directed by Ivan Nagy from a screenplay by George Wislocki and Don Petersen. Released in limited locales in 1975 with an R rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, it was distributed by AVCO Embassy. It opened to mixed, mostly negative reviews, and was considered a commercial failure.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
1997 Bojnurd earthquake
The 1997 Bojnurd earthquake (also known as the Garmkhan earthquake) occurred on 4 February at 14:07 IRST in Iran. The epicenter of the Mw 6.5 earthquake was in the Kopet Dag mountains of North Khorasan, near the Iran–Turkmenistan border, about 579 km (360 mi) northeast of Tehran. The earthquake is characterized by shallow strike-slip faulting in a zone of active faults. Seismic activity is present as the Kopet Dag is actively accommodating tectonics through faulting. The earthquake left 88 dead, 1,948 injured, and affected 173 villages, including four which were destroyed. Damage also occurred in Shirvan and Bojnord counties. The total cost of damage was estimated to be over US$ 30 million.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Ruhrstahl X-7
The Ruhrstahl X-7 "Rotkäppchen" (German: Rotkäppchen, lit. 'Little Red Riding Hood') also known as Kramer X-7 or Ruhrstahl-Kramer RK 347 was a German wire-guided anti-tank guided missile with a manual control system (now referred to as MCLOS) developed during World War II by Ruhrstahl AG in 1943, after the Waffenamt (Army Ordnance Board) placed an urgent order for anti-tank missiles, this project was under the leadership of Dipl.-Ing. Max Otto Kramer. It was essentially a smaller version of the X-4, but was powered by solid-propellant rocket.

Max Kramer
Max Otto Kramer (8 September 1903 – June 1986) was a German scientist who worked for the Ruhrstahl AG steel and armaments corporation. He was responsible for the construction of the Fritz X and the Ruhrstahl X-4 missiles (1943-1945), among others.
2015 Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2015 Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of the Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council in England. It was held on the same day as other local elections, as well as the election of MPs for Dudley South, Dudley North, Halesowen and Rowley Regis and Stourbridge.

Dudley North (UK Parliament constituency)
Dudley North was a United Kingdom House of Commons constituency from 1997 until 2024.

Campaigns in the seat have resulted in a minimum of 30% of votes at each election consistently for the same two parties' choice for candidate, and the next highest-placed share having fluctuated between 5.5% and 24% of the vote since its creation: for differing parties, the highest placed of these having been the UK Independence Party. The seat attracted seven candidates in 1997 and 2015 and four in 2001.

By the decision of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished and replaced by the new Dudley constituency, retaining current boundaries but expanded to include the Dudley Borough ward of Brockmoor and Pensnett from Dudley South.
Reggie Oliphant
Reginald Oliphant (17 January 1948 – 15 May 2003) was a South African politician, journalist, and anti-apartheid activist. A teacher by profession, he rose to prominence in the civic movement of Oudtshoorn, where he founded a progressive community newspaper, Saamstaan. He was the Southern Cape chairperson of the United Democratic Front.

After the end of apartheid, Oliphant served briefly as deputy mayor of Oudtshoorn. He also briefly represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly during the first democratic Parliament. He was assassinated on the Cape Flats in an attempted hijacking in May 2003.

United Democratic Front (South Africa)
The United Democratic Front (UDF) was a South African popular front that existed from 1983 to 1991. The UDF comprised more than 400 public organizations including trade unions, students' unions, women's and parachurch organizations. The UDF's goal was to establish a "non-racial, united South Africa in which segregation is abolished and in which society is freed from institutional and systematic racism." Its slogan was "UDF Unites, Apartheid Divides." The Front was established in 1983 to oppose the introduction of the Tricameral Parliament by the white-dominated National Party government, and dissolved in 1991 during the early stages of the transition to democracy.
Supernatural season 11
The eleventh season of Supernatural, an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on The CW on October 7, 2015 and concluded on May 25, 2016. The season consisted of 23 episodes and aired on Wednesdays at 9:00 pm (ET). This is the fourth and final season with Jeremy Carver as showrunner. The season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on September 6, 2016. The eleventh season had an average viewership of 1.78 million U.S. viewers. The season follows Sam and Dean who, after killing Death with his own scythe to get rid of the Mark of Cain, releases an all powerful creature called The Darkness, who threatens to destroy everything in existence.

Eric Kripke
Eric Kripke (born 1974) is an American writer and television producer. Kripke came to prominence in the late 2000s for creating The WB/CW fantasy drama series Supernatural (2005–2020). He served as the showrunner during the first five seasons of the series. Since then, he has created and/or produced a number of television series including Revolution (2012–2014), Timeless (2016–2018), and The Boys (2019–present).
Former counties of Ontario
The Canadian province of Ontario has several historic counties, which are past census divisions that no longer exist today. Most historic counties either merged with other counties, or became regional municipalities or single-tier municipalities. Although counties had existed prior to 1849, after 1849 they replaced the district systems in administering local government and courts in Ontario.

The county system is used in southern, southwestern and eastern sections of the province of Ontario. There are no counties in Northern Ontario due to sparse population and a long-standing boundary dispute with the Northwest Territories (that was not resolved until 1912).

United Counties of Leeds and Grenville
The United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, commonly known as Leeds and Grenville, is a county and census division in Ontario, Canada, in the Eastern Ontario subregion of Southern Ontario. It fronts on the St. Lawrence River and the international boundary between Canada and the United States, opposite of the State of New York. The county seat is Brockville. The county was formed by the union of the historical counties of Leeds and Grenville in 1850.
St Michael and All Angels, Bedford Park
St Michael and All Angels is a Grade II* listed Church of England parish church in Bedford Park, Chiswick. It was designed by the architect Norman Shaw, who built some of the houses in that area. The church was consecrated in 1880. It is constructed in what has been described both as British Queen Anne Revival style and as Perpendicular Gothic style modified with English domestic features. Its services are Anglo-Catholic.

Church hall
A church hall or parish hall is a room or building associated with a church, generally for community and charitable use. In smaller and village communities, it is often a separate building near the church, while on more restricted urban sites it may be in the basement or a wing of the main church building. Activities in the hall are not necessarily religious, but parts of local community life, similarly to in an assembly hall. For example, Rovira House in Victoria, Australia is used by the Catholic Church in the suburb of Murrumbeena for events.
Liriomyza eupatorii
Liriomyza eupatorii is a species of fly in the family Agromyzidae. The fly, is found in Europe and was described by the German entomolgist, Johann Heinrich Kaltenbach in 1874.

The larvae mine the leaves of the Asteraceae and the Lamiaceae, including Aster species, lesser snakeroot (Ageratina aromatica), hemp-agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum), red hemp-nettle (Galeopsis ladanum var. angustifolia), hairy hemp-nettle (Galeopsis pubescens), downy hemp-nettle (Galeopsis segetum), large-flowered hemp-nettle (Galeopsis speciosa), common hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit), sunflowers (Helianthus species), common nipplewort (Lapsana communis) and European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea).

Ageratina aromatica
Ageratina aromatica, also known as lesser snakeroot and small-leaved white snakeroot, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread and common across much of the eastern and southern United States from  Louisiana to Massachusetts, as far inland as Kentucky and Ohio.
Sinop
Sinop can refer to:

Sinop, Turkey, a city on the Black Sea
Sinop Nuclear Power Plant, was planned in 2013, but cancelled in 2018
Battle of Sinop, 1853 naval battle in the Sinop port
Russian ship Sinop, Russian ships named after the battle

Sinop Province, the province in Turkey of which the above city is the capital
Sinop District, the province's capital district
Sinop (electoral district), the province's electoral district

Sinop, Mato Grosso, a city in Mato Grosso state, Brazil

Sinop (grasshopper), a genus of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae

Sinop (crater), a small crater on Mars

Sinop, Mato Grosso
Sinop is a city in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. The fourth-largest city in the state, its population in 2022 is estimated at 196,312 inhabitants, placing Sinop in 155th place in Brazil. It has an area of 3194.339 km². A Sivam radar has been installed for monitoring the Amazon Basin. Also Embrapa has a branch in Sinop, the only one in the state of Mato Grosso. It is known as the Capital of Nortão, a major city of northern Mato Grosso.
Molch
Molch (German language: "newt" or "salamander") was an unsuccessful series of one-man midget submarines created during World War II. Built in 1944, it was the first mini-submarine of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, but was not successful in combat operations and suffered heavy losses.

Newt
A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aquatic salamanders are considered newts, however. More than 100 known species of newts are found in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia. Newts metamorphose through three distinct developmental life stages: aquatic larva, terrestrial juvenile (eft), and adult. Adult newts have lizard-like bodies and return to the water every year to breed, otherwise living in humid, cover-rich land habitats.

Newts are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and pollution. Several species are endangered, and at least one species, the Yunnan lake newt, has been considered extinct since 1979.
Đồng Nai Bridge
Đồng Nai Bridge (Vietnamese: Cầu Đồng Nai) is an important road bridge across the Đồng Nai River towards the south of the city of Biên Hòa in Vietnam. It is located along National Highway 1A, and crosses the river, connecting Bình Dương Province to Đồng Nai Province. The bridge has a length of 453.9 metres (1,489 ft), and has 4 lanes, with a curb for pedestrians sides 3.6 metres (12 ft) wide.

The bridge was constructed in 1964, where QL 1 crosses the Đồng Nai River, and shows of degradation; more than 44,000 vehicles pass over it per day. In 2009, a parallel span opened to relieve traffic on the original.

Đồng Nai River
The Đồng Nai River (Vietnamese: sông Đồng Nai listenⓘ) is a river in Vietnam that originates in the Central Highlands region of the southern portion of the country. It is approximately 586 km in length, making it the longest river to be entirely located in Vietnam. It gives its name to Đồng Nai Province.
Terrimonas rhizosphaerae
Terrimonas rhizosphaerae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Terrimonas which has been isolated from isolated from rhizospheric soil from a ginseng field from Geumsan in Korea.

Geumsan County
Geumsan County (Korean: 금산군; RR: Geumsan-gun) is a county in South Chungcheong Province (Before 1963, Geumsan was in Jeollabuk-do), South Korea.  It borders Muju County, North Jeolla Province (Jeollabuk-do), which is famous for its ski resort nearby.
Louis Émile Javal
Louis Émile Javal (5 May 1839 – 20 January 1907) was a French ophthalmologist born in Paris. Javal is remembered for his studies of physiological optics and his work involving a disorder known as strabismus.

Keratometer
A keratometer, also known as an ophthalmometer, is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism. It was invented by the German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851, although an earlier model was developed in 1796 by Jesse Ramsden and Everard Home.

A keratometer uses the relationship between object size (O), image size (I), the distance between the reflective surface and the object (d), and the radius of the reflective surface (R). If three of these variables are known (or fixed), the fourth can be calculated using the formula

There are two distinct variants of determining R; Javal-Schiotz type keratometers have a fixed image size and are typically 'two position', whereas Bausch and Lomb type keratometers have a fixed object size and are usually 'one position'.
Washington County Courthouse (Kentucky)
The Washington County Courthouse in Springfield in Washington County, Kentucky is located on Springfield's Public Square, at Main at Lincoln Park Rd.  It was built during 1814–15.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

It is a two-story brick courthouse, with brick laid in Flemish bond.  Among other changes designed by architect Frank Brewer, it has an octagonal cupola added in 1840.

It is included as a contributing building in the Springfield Main Street Historic District.

Flemish bond
Flemish bond is a pattern of brickwork that is a common feature in Georgian architecture. The pattern features bricks laid lengthwise (stretchers) alternating with bricks laid with their shorter ends exposed (headers) within the same courses. This decorative pattern can be accented by glazing or burning the exposed ends of the headers so that they possess a dark, glassy surface that contrasts with the stretchers.: 23  Despite the bond's name, the pattern did not originate in Flanders and can be found in European architecture dating to the late Middle Ages.

The pattern became popular among prestigious architectural projects in 17th-century England before spreading to British colonies in North America where it became closely associated with colonial Georgian architecture, especially in Virginia and Pennsylvania. With the early 20th-century restoration project at Colonial Williamsburg, the pattern experienced renewed popularity in the United States.
Tafraouten
Tafraouten is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9,328 people living in 1,615 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Ansan Neighborhood Park
Ansan Neighborhood Park (Korean: 안산근린공원; Hanja: 安山近鄰公園) is a public park in Hak-dong, Yeosu, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. It first opened to the public on June 25, 2019. It has an area of 45,097 square meters (485,420 sq ft).

The land the park occupies is on a hill. The land had actually been set aside for the park since April 11, 1977, but development stalled on converting it into a park for around 40 years. Finally, in 2014, plans were approved to begin work on the park. Construction began on June 25, 2018, and was completed by May in the following year. The project cost a total of 4.8 billion won, and resulted in 800 m (2,600 ft) of walking paths, two public squares, two rest areas, five parking lots with 89 spaces, exercise equipment, and a pavilion. Work began in December 2020 to increase the number of parking spaces to 126.

South Korean won
The South Korean won, sometimes known as the Republic of Korea won (symbol: ₩; code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원), is the official currency of South Korea. The won is technically equal to 100 jeon, but the jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The South Korean won was first issued in 1949, then was replaced by the South Korean hwan between 1953 and 1962, before the adoption of the current South Korean won in 1962.
Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organizations Treaty
The Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organizations Treaty also known as the Broadcast Treaty was a treaty proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization to afford broadcasters some control and copyright-like control over the content of their broadcasts. Under this treaty, media broadcasters would have the right to protect their broadcasts from reproduction, retransmission, and public communication, with copyright protection over fifty years. A first treaty proposal was established in 2006, and a revised draft was issued the same year to include protection rights for webcasting, netcasting and simulcasting. However, the proposal faced mixed reception from various companies. The United States tried to re-open discussions about the treaty in 2008, without success, meaning that international rules to protect television broadcasts are still addressed by the 1961 Rome treaty.

Webcast
A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand. Essentially, webcasting is "broadcasting" over the Internet. While a "podcast" is usually pre-recorded, a webcast is usually live and possibly interactive.

The largest "webcasters" include existing radio and TV stations, who "simulcast" their output through online TV or online radio streaming, as well as a multitude of Internet-only "stations". Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific "webcasting licenses" to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material.
Doowutchyalike
"Doowutchyalike" is a song performed by American hip-hop collective Digital Underground, written and produced by its frontman Shock G. It was released in 1989 through TNT/Tommy Boy Records as the lead single from the group's debut studio album Sex Packets.

In the United States, the song peaked at number 29 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, number 19 on the Hot Rap Songs and number 20 on the Dance Singles Sales charts. In the United Kingdom, it reached number 79 on the UK singles chart, number 27 on the Official Hip Hop and R&B Singles Chart and number 19 on the Official Independent Singles Chart. It also made it to number 139 in Australia.

The song can be heard in Gina Prince-Bythewood's 2000 romantic sports drama film Love & Basketball.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Unity Party
The Unity Party is the name of several political parties around the world, including:

Current-day parties with that name include:

Unity Party of America

Unity Party (Australia)

Unity Party (Azerbaijan)

Unity Party (Hungary, 2009)

Unity (Haiti) (Inite), est. 2009

Unity Party of Kenya (UPK, est. 2011)

Unity (Latvian political party)

Unity Party (Liberia)

Unity Party (Sierra Leone)

Unity (Slovenia) (Sloga), est. 2018

Unity Party (South Ossetia)

Unity (Sweden) (Enhet)

Historical parties of the name include:

Batasuna ("Unity")

British Columbia Unity Party

Ihud

Latvian Unity Party

Unity (Northern Ireland)

Unity (Russian political party)

Unity (Ukraine)

Unity Party (China)

Unity Party (Hungary)

Unity Party (Israel)

Unity Party (Japan)

Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN, active 1978-1983)

Unity Party (Quebec)

Unity Party (Turkey)

Yedinstvo, a faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party

Unity Party of Kenya
The Unity Party of Kenya (UPK) is a political party of Kenya. It was formed in 2011 and was among 59 officially registered under the Political Parties Act in 2011 and 2012. It sponsored 11 governmental seats in the 2013 elections.