hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abe no Munetō
Abe no Munetō (安倍 宗任; 1032 – March 18, 1108) was a samurai of the Abe clan during the Heian period of Japan. He was the son of Abe no Yoritoki, the head of the Abe clan of Emishi who were allowed to rule the six Emishi districts in the Kitakami Basin from Morioka to Hiraizumi in what is now Iwate Prefecture. Abe no Yoritoki was the Chinjufu-shōgun (general in charge of overseeing the Ainu and the defense of the north). In the Zenkunen War, he fought, together with his brother Sadato, alongside his father against the Minamoto.

Abe no Munetō was based at the Isawa Stockade. He occupied the fort called the Tonomi Palisade (鳥海冊, tonomi-saku) that was established on the north side of the Isawa at an uncertain date. In 1061, during the Zenkunen War, Abe no Munetō defeated the Minamoto forces in the Battle of Tonomi Palisade.

Morioka
Morioka (盛岡市, Morioka-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mo.ɾʲiꜜ.o.ka, -ɾʲi.o.kaꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Iwate Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. On 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 283,981 in 132,719 households, and a population density of 320 per square kilometre (830/sq mi). The total area of the city is 886.47 square kilometres (342.27 sq mi).
Lucky Diamond Rich
Gregory Paul McLaren (born 1971), who goes by the name of Lucky Diamond Rich, is a New Zealand-British performance artist, street performer and international performing arts festival performer, whose acts include sword swallowing and juggling on a unicycle.

He is best known, however, for holding the Guinness World Record as "the world's most tattooed person", a title formerly held by Englishman Tom Leppard. Rich has tattoos covering his entire body, including the insides of his eyelids, mouth, ears and foreskin. He has held the certified record since 2006, being 100 percent tattooed.

PuSh International Performing Arts Festival
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The PuSh International Performing Arts Festival is produced over three weeks each winter on the unceded and traditional territories of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm, Sḵwx̱wú7mesh, and səlilwətaɬ first nations, primarily in the territory that was the seasonal and ancestral village of K’emk’emeláy, colloquially known as Vancouver, British Columbia.

The Festival, held in January and February each year in the lower mainland remains a place for audiences to encounter work that is innovative and surprising, for artists to showcase for an international audience and for new work to emerge.

The Festival showcases international, Canadian and local artists.
Robert Pandraud
Robert Pandraud (October 16, 1928, in Puy-en-Velay (Haute-Loire) – February 18, 2010, in Suresnes (Hauts-de-Seine)), is a French politician.

Former director of the national police, member of the RPR then of the UMP, he was Minister Delegate for Security (1986 - 1988) under the Minister of Interior Charles Pasqua in the second Jacques Chirac government during the cohabitation then MP for Seine-Saint-Denis (1988 - 2007).

Suresnes
Suresnes (French pronunciation: [syʁɛn] ⓘ) is a commune in Hauts-de-Seine, in the western inner suburbs of Paris, located 9.3 km (5.8 mi) from the centre of Paris. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 48,956.

Suresnes borders the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, across the Seine. Its neighbouring communes are Nanterre, Puteaux, Rueil-Malmaison and Saint-Cloud. Suresnes's landmarks include the Mémorial de la France combattante, where an annual ceremony is held on 18 June, as well as Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial nearby, below Fort Mont-Valérien, in addition to Foch Hospital in the town centre.

The commune is served by Suresnes–Mont-Valérien station on the Transilien network and by two stops on Île-de-France tramway Line 2, all three giving access to the La Défense business district and its RER A, RER E and Paris Métro Line 1 services.
Florence metropolitan area, South Carolina
As defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and used by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes only, the Florence metropolitan statistical area, is an area consisting of two counties in the Pee Dee region of northeastern South Carolina, anchored by the city of Florence. As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 193,155 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 200,653).

Pee Dee
The Pee Dee is a region in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of South Carolina. It lies along the lower watershed of the Pee Dee River, which was named after the Pee Dee, an Indigenous tribe historically inhabiting the region.
Curette
A curette is a surgical instrument designed for scraping or debriding biological tissue or debris in a biopsy, excision, or cleaning procedure. In form, the curette is a small hand tool, often similar in shape to a stylus; at the tip of the curette is a small scoop, hook, or gouge. The verb to curette means "to scrape with a curette", and curettage (/ˌkʊərɪˈtɑːʒ/ or /ˌkjʊərɪˈtɑːʒ/) is treatment that involves such scraping.

Stylus
A stylus is a writing utensil or tool for scribing or marking into softer materials. Different styluses were used to write in cuneiform by pressing into wet clay, and to scribe or carve into a wax tablet. Very hard styluses are also used to engrave metal, and the slate and stylus system is used to punch out dots to write in Braille.

Styluses are held in the hand and thus are usually a narrow elongated shape, similar to a modern ballpoint pen. Many styluses are heavily curved to be held more easily.

The word stylus is also used to describe computer styluses used to assist in navigating or providing more precision when using touchscreens.
Bring It All Back
"Bring It All Back" is the debut single of British pop group S Club 7. It was co-written by S Club 7, Eliot Kennedy, Mike Percy and Tim Lever for the group's debut studio album S Club (1999). Kennedy, Percy, and Lever also produced the song. It was released on 7 June 1999 as the album's lead single. "Bring It All Back" was used as the theme for the band's first CBBC series Miami 7 as well.

"Bring It All Back" was a chart success, reaching the top spot in the United Kingdom and New Zealand whilst also peaking within the top ten in Ireland and Sweden. The song was released in North America on 28 September 1999, shortly before their television show Miami 7 became popular in the United States. By May 2015 it had sold 675,000 copies in the UK.

Eliot Kennedy
Eliot Kennedy (born 29 March 1969) is an English songwriter and record producer based in Sheffield. He has worked with artists such as Céline Dion, Rebbie Jackson, Billie Piper, Spice Girls, Aretha Franklin, Mary J. Blige, Donny Osmond, Bryan Adams, Lulu, S Club 7, Human Nature, Five, Gary Barlow, Delta Goodrem, The Wanted, Janet Devlin, Lovers Electric, and Brazilian group Rouge.
47th New York State Legislature
The 47th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to November 27, 1824, during the second year of Joseph C. Yates's governorship, in Albany.

Joseph C. Yates
Joseph Christopher Yates (November 9, 1768 – March 19, 1837) was an American lawyer, politician, statesman, and founding trustee of Union College. He served as the seventh governor of New York, from January 1, 1823 – December 31, 1824.
Tresa
The river Tresa leaves Lake Lugano at a point between Lavena Ponte Tresa in Italy and Ponte Tresa in Switzerland and flows into Lake Maggiore near Luino, a few hundred metres after joining the Margorabbia. At the outflow from Lake Lugano the river is crossed by a bridge which unites the Swiss and Italian parts of Ponte Tresa; a customs post divides them.

The river is about 13 kilometres (8 mi) long, and for most of its course marks the boundary between the Italian Province of Varese and the Swiss canton Ticino. It passes through the Swiss communes of Ponte Tresa, Croglio and Monteggio, and the Italian communes of  Lavena Ponte Tresa, Cremenaga and Luino.

A dam on the river, known as the Creva dam serves two purposes: to use the difference in elevation between the lakes to produce hydropower, and as far as possible to regulate the flow of water into Lake Maggiore in order to avoid or limit the dangers of flooding.

Province of Varese
The province of Varese (Italian: provincia di Varese) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Varese, but the largest city is Busto Arsizio. The headquarters of AgustaWestland, the company merged into Leonardo since 2016 and the world's largest producer of helicopters, is based in Samarate, a comune (municipality) of the province. The province has 139 municipalities.

It has a population of 881,907 in an area of 1,198.11 square kilometres (462.59 sq mi), making it the 6th most densely populated province of Italy.
Pedro Vicente Maldonado Canton
Pedro Vicente Maldonado is a canton in the west of the province of Pichincha in Ecuador. It is named after the 18th-century Ecuadoran scientist Pedro Vicente Maldonado. Arashá Spa, a tropical forest resort, is located in this canton.

Pichincha Province
Pichincha (Spanish pronunciation: [piˈtʃintʃa]) is a province of Ecuador located in the northern Sierra region; its capital and largest city is Quito. It is bordered by Imbabura and Esmeraldas to the north, Cotopaxi and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas to the south, Napo and Sucumbíos to the east, and Esmeraldas and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas to the west.

Prior to 2008, the canton Santo Domingo de los Colorados was part of the Pichincha Province. It has since become its own province, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas.

The province is home to many rose plantations, which make up the bulk of Ecuador's floriculture industry.
Never Comes the Day
"Never Comes the Day" is a 1969 single by the progressive rock band the Moody Blues.  It was written by band member Justin Hayward, and was the only single released from their 1969 album On the Threshold of a Dream.

Mike Pinder
Michael Thomas Pinder (27 December 1941 – 24 April 2024) was an English rock musician. He was a founding member and the original keyboard player of the rock group the Moody Blues. He left the group following the recording of their ninth album, Octave, in 1978. Pinder was renowned for his technological contributions to rock music, most notably in the development and emergence of the Mellotron in 1960s rock music. In 2018, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Moody Blues.
Idiosoma incomptum
Idiosoma incomptum is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2018 by Australian arachnologists Michael Rix and Mark Harvey. The specific epithet incomptum comes from Latin incomptus (‘unadorned’), in reference to the small sigilla and largely unsclerotised abdomen.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
Jeff Stork
Jeffrey Malcolm Stork (born July 8, 1960) is a former American volleyball player and coach. He is also a three-time Olympian. He was a member of the United States national teams that won the gold medal in the 1988 Summer Olympics and the bronze medal in the 1992 Summer Olympics, and also competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics. He is regarded as one of the best setters of all time, and was known to play well under pressure.

In 2012, Stork was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

International Volleyball Hall of Fame
The International Volleyball Hall of Fame (IVHF) was founded to honor extraordinary players, coaches, officials, and leaders who have made significant contributions to the game of volleyball. The Hall of Fame is located in Holyoke, Massachusetts, where volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan at the local YMCA.
A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language is a descriptive grammar of English written by Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. It was first published by Longman in 1985.

In 1991, it was called "The greatest of contemporary grammars, because it is the most thorough and detailed we have," and "It is a grammar that transcends national boundaries."

The book relies on elicitation experiments as well as three corpora: a corpus from the Survey of English Usage, the Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus (UK English), and the Brown Corpus (US English).

Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus
The Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen (LOB) Corpus is a one-million-word collection of British English texts which was compiled in the 1970s in collaboration between the University of Lancaster, the University of Oslo, and the Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities, Bergen, to provide a British counterpart to the Brown Corpus compiled by Henry Kučera and W. Nelson Francis for American English in the 1960s.

Its composition was designed to match the original Brown corpus in terms of its size and genres as closely as possible using documents published in the UK in 1961 by British authors. Both corpora consist of 500 samples each comprising about 2000 words in the following genres:

The chief compilers of the LOB corpous were Geoffrey Leech (Lancaster University) and Stig Johansson (University of Oslo); see Leech & Johansson (2009).

The corpus has been also tagged, i.e. part-of-speech categories have been assigned to every word.
Japan at the 2016 Asian Beach Games
Japan competed in the 2016 Asian Beach Games in Danang, Vietnam from September 24 to October 5, 2016. The delegation was bannered by 54 athletes. Japan send their representatives in 7 sports including beach soccer, beach volleyball, beach handball, beach wrestling, vovinam, pétanque, and bodybuilding.

The Japanese beach soccer team won the gold medal, being the Japanese team's only gold medal in this game. Bodybuilding took home one silver and two bronze medals, followed by beach sambo which won one silver and one bronze. Beach wrestling won two bronze medals, while pétanque and vovinam bagged one bronze medal each.

Beach handball
Beach handball is a team sport where two teams pass and bounce or roll a ball, trying to throw it in the goal of the opposing team. The game is similar to standard handball, but it is played on sand instead of on a solid floor. Because the ball loses most of its bounce on sand, there is little to no dribbling, and players instead perform more passing as the rules of travelling still apply.
Nociceptor
A nociceptor (from Latin  nocere 'to harm or hurt') is a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending "possible threat" signals to the spinal cord and the brain. The brain creates the sensation of pain to direct attention to the body part, so the threat can be mitigated; this process is called nociception.

Nerve growth factor
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it was one of the first to be described. Since it was first isolated by Nobel laureates Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen in 1954, numerous biological processes involving NGF have been identified, two of them being the survival of pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of the immune system.
Sunil Kumar Choudhary
Captain Sunil Kumar Choudhary (1980–2008) was an officer in the Gorkha regiment of the Indian Army and belonged to the 7/11 Gorkha Rifles. Choudhary served for three years and was awarded with Kirti Chakra (posthumous) and Sena Medal.

Manoj Kumar Pandey
Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey, PVC (25 June 1975 – 3 July 1999) was an Indian army officer, and a posthumous recipient of India's highest military decoration, the Param Vir Chakra, for his audacious courage and leadership during the Kargil War in 1999. An officer of the first battalion in the 11th Gorkha Rifles (1/11 GR), he died in battle on the bunker hill edge of the Khalubar Hills in the village of Garkon Aryan Valley in Kargil.
Gjon Buzuku
Gjon Buzuku (c. 1499 – c. 1577) was an Albanian Catholic priest and a prominent Old Albanian author from the Renaissance, who wrote the first known printed book in Albanian. Commonly referred to as the Missal, this book is considered an important monument of Albanian studies, being the oldest source for studying the Albanian language.

Gheg Albanian
Gheg (Gheg Albanian: gegnisht, Standard Albanian: gegërisht) is one of the two major varieties of Albanian, the other being Tosk. The geographic dividing line between the two varieties is the Shkumbin River, which winds its way through central Albania. Gheg is spoken in northern and central Albania, Kosovo, northwestern North Macedonia, southeastern Montenegro and southern Serbia by the Albanian dialectal subgroup known as Ghegs.

Gheg does not have any official status as a written language in any country. Publications in Kosovo and North Macedonia are in Standard Albanian, which is based on Tosk. However, some authors continue to write in Gheg.
Quantitative Biology (journal)
Quantitative Biology is a quarterly peer-reviewed open-access interdisciplinary scientific journal covering experimental biology, theoretical biology, computational biology, bioinformatics, systems biology, synthetic biology, and digital and AI biology.

The journal was established in 2013 by Higher Education Press and Tsinghua University. The co-founding editors-in-chief were Michael Q. Zhang and Chao Tang. As of 2019, the editors-in-chief were Chao Tang and Xuegong Zhang.

Before 2020, Quantitative Biology was co-published by Higher Education Press and Springer Nature. As of 2023, it was published by Higher Education Press and Wiley.

According to the Journal Citation Reports and Scopus, the journal had a 2024 impact factor of 1.4, and a 2024 CiteScore of 2.0, respectively.

CiteScore
CiteScore (CS) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is produced by Elsevier, based on the citations recorded in the Scopus database. Absolute rankings and percentile ranks are also reported for each journal in a given subject area.

This journal evaluation metric was launched in December 2016 as an alternative to the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) impact factor (IF), calculated by Clarivate. CiteScore is based on the citations collected for articles published in the preceding four years, instead of two or five in the JCR IF. This enhanced methodology was introduced with the release of CiteScore 2019 in June 2020. At launch, CiteScore's neutrality was questioned by bibliometrics experts like Carl Bergstrom, who found it appeared to favour Elsevier's titles over Nature's.
Porina weghiana
Porina weghiana is a rare species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichen in the family Porinaceae. Found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it was formally described as new to science in 2014 by Dries Van den Broeck, Robert Lücking, and Damien Ertz. The type specimen was collected in the valley of Loika (a tributary of the Itimbiri River, Province of Équateur) at an altitude of 350 m (1,150 ft), where it was found growing on palm tree leaves along the river. It is only known to occur in the type locality. It resembles Porina ornata in appearance but differs in having disc-shaped isidia, yellow perithecia lacking apical appendages, and ascospores that are smaller and have fewer septa. The species epithet is named after the first author's girlfriend, Micheline Wegh.

Foliicolous lichen
A foliicolous lichen  is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
Zoosystematica Rossica
Zoosystematica Rossica  is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering any aspects of systematic zoology. The journal is published in English and focuses on the descriptions of new taxa, revisions and reviews, nomenclature, theories and methods of taxonomy and phylogeny, interesting new faunal records, catalogues and checklists, identification keys, phylogenetic relationships and zoogeography. It was established in 1992 and is published by the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg).

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Ari Saarinen
Ari Saarinen (born November 26, 1967) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey left winger.

Saarinen played a total of 320 games in the SM-liiga for Ässät and SaiPa between 1993 and 1999. He also played in the Élite Ligue for Anglet Hormadi Élite in the 1999-00 season and the Austrian Hockey League for EHC Lustenau from 2000 to 2002.

Anglet Hormadi Élite
Anglet Hormadi Pays Basque is an ice hockey team in Anglet, France. They play in the Ligue Magnus, the highest level of ice hockey in France.

The club was runner-up (Ligue Magnus) in 2001.

Due to Anglet's location in the French Basque Country, they also participated in the Superliga Espanola de Hockey Hielo, the top level Spanish league in 2007–08 and 2008–09.
Jilarata (La Paz)
Jilarata is a 4,355-metre-high (14,288 ft) mountain in the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Desaguadero Municipality. Jilarata lies south of Wiñaymarka Lake, the southern branch of Lake Titicaca, near Desaguadero and the Peruvian border. Janq'u Jaqhi is northeast of it.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.