hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kermesidae
The Kermesidae, or gall-like scales, are a family of scale insects belonging to the superfamily Coccoidea.  The type genus, Kermes, includes the kermes scale insects, from which a red dye, also called kermes (a.k.a. crimson), is obtained. The family includes about 100 species in 10 genera found in the Nearctic, Indomalayan and Palaearctic realms.

The first instars of some species in the USA are called "crawlers". They are less than 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in) long, salmon-colored, and wingless with well-developed legs. As adults, they demonstrate significant sexual dimorphism. Males are gnat-like with fragile wings, while females are bulbous with reduced legs and antennas, and are easily mistaken for buds or galls.

Gnat
A gnat (/ˈnæt/)  (also knat) is any of many species of tiny flying insects in the dipterid suborder Nematocera, especially those in the families Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Sciaridae.  Most often they fly in large numbers, called clouds. "Gnat" is a loose descriptive category rather than a phylogenetic or other technical term, so there is no scientific consensus on what constitutes a gnat. Some entomologists consider only non-biting flies to be gnats. Certain universities and institutes also distinguish eye gnats: the Smithsonian Institution describes them as "non-biting flies, no bigger than a few grains of salt, ... attracted to fluids secreted by your eyes".
Meiconodon
Meiconodon is an extinct genus of alticonodontine triconodontid which existed in China during the early Cretaceous period (Aptian/Albian age). It was described by Nao Kusuhashi, Yaoming Hu, Yuanqing Wang, Satoshi Hirasawa and Hiroshige Matsuoka in 2009 and the type species is Meiconodon lii.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Boletus amyloideus
Boletus amyloideus is a rare species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It was described as new to science in 1975 by mycologist Harry D. Thiers, from collections made in California. It fruit bodies have a convex to somewhat flattened reddish-brown cap measuring 3–6 cm (1.2–2.4 in) in diameter. The pore surface on the cap underside is bright yellow, with small angular pores and tubes measuring 4–8 mm long. The spore print is olive-brown; basidiospores are smooth, amyloid, spindle shaped to ellipsoid, and have dimensions of 13–16 by 4.5–5.5 μm. The bolete is known only from coastal California, where it grows on the ground in mixed forests. Its edibility is unknown.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
White Cliffs building
The White Cliffs is a building at 167 Main Street in Northborough, Massachusetts.  Designed by architect Benjamin Hammett Seabury, The Cliffs was built as a summer home for Daniel B. Wesson and his family and completed in 1886.  The mansion has had a variety of uses including a home, a restaurant, and an event venue, before being purchased by the Town of Northborough in 2016.

Northborough, Massachusetts
Northborough is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The official spelling of the town's name is "Northborough," but the alternative spelling "Northboro" is also used. The population was 15,741 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name.
Miss World 1990
Miss World 1990, the 40th anniversary of the Miss World pageant, was held on 8 November 1990 at the London Palladium in London, United Kingdom. The winner was Gina Tolleson representing the United States. She was crowned by Miss World 1989, Aneta Beata Kreglicka of Poland. After this event, the Miss World competition began staging outside the United Kingdom; in places such as in Atlanta, Hong Kong and Sun City, South Africa. This is the second time that the United States representative won Miss World, the other being Marjorie Wallace in 1973. Although Wallace was later dethroned, Tolleson was allowed to crown her successor the following year.

Aneta Kręglicka
Aneta Beata Kręglicka (born 23 March 1965) is a Polish dancer and beauty queen who won the Miss World 1989 contest on 22 November 1989 in Hong Kong, representing Poland. She became the first woman from Poland to win the title and the oldest titleholder when she was crowned on 22 November 1989, at the age of 24 years, 244 days. The next Pole to win said pageant was Karolina Bielawska in 2021.
Maria Caterina Negri
Maria Caterina Negri (28 September 1704 – after 1744) was an Italian contralto who created numerous roles in 18th-century operas, including many by George Frideric Handel. She primarily portrayed male characters en travesti or female warriors such as Bradamante. Negri was born in Bologna and made her debut there at the age of 15. Her last known performance was in 1744. The date and place of her death are unknown. In its prime, her voice was known for its agility and wide vocal range.

Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1727)
Orlando (RV 728), usually known in modern times as Orlando furioso (Italian pronunciation: [orˈlando fuˈrjoːzo, -so]), is an opera in three acts by Antonio Vivaldi to an Italian libretto by Grazio Braccioli, based on Ludovico Ariosto's epic poem Orlando Furioso (The Frenzy of Orlando). The first performance of the opera was at the Teatro San Angelo, Venice, in November 1727. It is to be distinguished from an earlier Vivaldi opera of 1714, Orlando furioso, set to much the same libretto, once thought to be a revival of a 1713 opera by Giovanni Alberto Ristori but now considered by Vivaldian musicologists to be a fully-fledged opera by Vivaldi himself.

The opera – more formally, the dramma per musica – alternates arias with recitative, and is set on an island at an unspecified time. The story line combines several plot lines from Ariosto: the exploits of the hero Orlando are detailed, as well as the tale of the sorceress Alcina.
Philadelphia Police Department
The Philadelphia Police Department (PPD, Philly PD, or Philly Police) is the police agency responsible for law enforcement and investigations within the County and City of Philadelphia. The PPD is one of the oldest municipal police agencies, fourth-largest police force and sixth-largest non-federal law enforcement agency in the United States. Since records were first kept in 1828, at least 289 PPD officers have died in the line of duty.

The Philadelphia Police Department has a history of police brutality, intimidation, coercion, and disregard for constitutional rights, particularly during the tenure of Frank Rizzo as police commissioner (1967–1971) and mayor (1972–1980).  The patterns of police brutality were documented in a 1978 Pulitzer Prize–winning Philadelphia Inquirer series by William K. Marimow and Jon Neuman.

Municipal police
Municipal police, city police, or local police are law enforcement agencies that are under the control of local government. This includes the municipal government, where it is the smallest administrative subdivision. They receive funding from the city budget, and may have fewer legal powers than the "state paid" police. These police forces usually report to a mayor or a local police board.
2021 in professional wrestling
2021 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.

The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected the professional wrestling industry worldwide in 2020, with many promotions presenting shows behind closed doors. Some events were canceled while others were rescheduled to occur in 2021. All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling reintroduced a limited number of live fans in the second half of 2020, while WWE had live fans at WrestleMania 37 in April 2021. The majority of promotions continued to present empty arena shows or shows with limited capacity, while AEW and WWE resumed live touring with full capacity crowds in July.

Creed Brothers
The Creed Brothers are an American professional wrestling tag team consisting of brothers Brutus Creed (Drew Kasper; born May 13, 1996) and Julius Creed (Jacob Kasper; born October 3, 1994). They are signed to the professional wrestling promotion WWE, where they perform on the Raw brand, and are members of the stable American Made. They are former one-time NXT Tag Team Champions.
Moorak, South Australia
Moorak is a southern suburb of Mount Gambier – a city in South Australia.

The name Moorak may be a native word for "Mountain", but not from the local tribe, according to Doctor Browne who was an early landowner.

Moorak is located within the federal division of Barker, the state electoral district of Mount Gambier and the local government area of the District Council of Grant. It is also part of Mount Gambier's urban sprawl.

Division of Barker
The Division of Barker is an Australian electoral division in the south-east of South Australia. The division was established on 2 October 1903, when South Australia's original single multi-member division was split into seven single-member divisions.  It is named for Captain Collet Barker, a British military officer and early explorer, prior to the British Settlement of South Australia, of the southern Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and the region at the mouth of the Murray River near the Coorong where he died in 1831 whilst on active duty after successfully solo swimming the channel of water and went compass in hand over a sandhill.
Tahmidur Remura Wahid
Tahmidur Remura Wahid (TRW) is a Bangladeshi law firm headquartered in Dhaka. The firm practices in areas including corporate law, foreign direct investment, and intellectual property. As of 2025, the firm employs approximately 220 lawyers. In 2025, the firm expanded its operations to Dubai, utilizing the trademark of the former American law firm Dewey & LeBoeuf.

The firm is ranked in international legal directories including IFLR1000, International Tax Review (ITR), and The Legal 500.

Legalease Ltd.
Legalease Ltd. is a global legal research and publishing company founded in the UK in 1987. The company assesses global law firms and lawyers for its publications, annual lists and guides, including Legal Business, GC Magazine and The Legal 500 series.
Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
The Obi-Rakhmat Grotto is a Middle Paleolithic prehistoric site that yielded Neanderthal fossils. It is a shallow karst cave near the junction of the Chatkal and Pskem Rivers  at the southwestern end of the Talassky Alatau Range in the Tien Shan Mountains, 100 km (62 mi) northeast of Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high and located in Kyrgyzstan. Its lowest point is at the Turpan Depression, which is 154 m (505 ft) below sea level.

The Tian Shan is sacred in Tengrism. Its second-highest peak is known as Khan Tengri, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013 Conference on World Heritage, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a World Heritage Site. The western portion in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.
Jack Pelech
John "Jack" Pelech OC (1934–2008) was a Canadian litigation and business lawyer.

He was an amateur sports volunteer organizer and the guiding force behind the Canada Games from 1969. He helped launch the Participaction fitness campaign. He chaired Hamilton's bids for the Pan-American Games and Commonwealth Games and helped organize the Road World Cycling Championships and World Judo Championships.

UCI World Championships
The UCI World Championships are annual competitions promoted by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) to determine world champion cyclists. They are held in several different styles of racing, in a different country each year. Championship winners wear a white jersey with coloured bands around the chest for the following year. The similarity to the colours of a rainbow gives them the colloquial name of "the rainbow jersey." The first three individuals or teams in each championship win gold, silver and bronze medals. Former world champions are allowed to wear a trim to their collar and sleeves in the same pattern as the rainbow jersey.

Championships are held for men and for women in road cycling, track cycling, cyclo-cross, mountain biking, gravel, BMX, and indoor cycling. There are also championships for disabled competitors.
Netherton (ward)
Netherton is one of the 18 electoral wards that form the Parliamentary constituency of Hyndburn, Lancashire, England. The ward returns two councillors to represent eastern Great Harwood on the Hyndburn Borough Council. As of the May 2018 Council election, Netherton had an electorate of 3,247.

Great Harwood
Great Harwood is a town in the Hyndburn district of Lancashire, England, located 5 miles (8.0 km) north east of Blackburn and adjacent to the Ribble Valley. Great Harwood is part of the "Three Towns" conurbation along with the towns of Clayton-le-Moors and Rishton. In 2001, the town had a population of 11,220, which decreased to 10,800 at the census of 2011.
Stacey Logan
Stacey (Loach) Logan graduated from Oklahoma City University 1985 and has been in six Broadway shows, including Sweet Smell of Success (musical), Crazy for You, Beauty and the Beast, Hal Prince's revival of Candide, Big, and High Society.  She has been seen on television in PBS's Great Performances as Polly Baker in Crazy For You filmed at the famous Paper Mill Playhouse. At CityRep in Oklahoma City, she has played Diana in Next to Normal, Barbara in August Osage County, Georgie in Heisenberg, Nora in A Doll's House Part 2, Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing, Masha in Vanya, Sonia, Masha, and Spike, Dr. Emma Brookner in The Normal Heart, and starred as Haley in the one-woman-show, Bad Dates.

Harold Prince
Harold Smith Prince (born Harold Smith; January 30, 1928 – July 31, 2019), commonly known as Hal Prince, was an American theater director and producer known for his work in musical theater.

One of the foremost figures in 20th-century American theater, Prince became associated throughout his career with many of the most noteworthy musicals in Broadway history, including West Side Story, Fiddler on the Roof, Cabaret, Sweeney Todd, and Phantom of the Opera, the longest-running show in Broadway history. Many of his productions broke new ground for musical theater, expanding the possibilities of the form by incorporating more serious and political subjects, such as Nazism (Cabaret), the difficulties of marriage (Company), and the forcible opening of 19th-century Japan (Pacific Overtures).

Over the span of his career, he garnered a record 21 Tony Awards, including eight for Direction, eight for producing the year's Best Musical, two as Best Producer of a Musical, and three Special Awards.
1990s in film
The decade of the 1990s in film involved many significant developments in the industry of cinema. Numerous feature-length movies were specifically filmed and/or edited to be displayed not only on theater screens but also the smaller TV screens, like showing more close-ups and less wide shots during dialogue scenes. Moreover, the home video market grew into being a major factor on the total revenue of a theatrical film, often doubling the amount. An example of both cases is Batman: Mask of the Phantasm, which was initially intended as a direct-to-video release.

Close-up
A close-up or closeup in filmmaking, television production, still photography, and the comic strip medium is a type of shot that tightly frames a person or object. Close-ups are one of the standard shots used regularly with medium and long shots (cinematic techniques). Close-ups display the most detail, but they do not include the broader scene. Moving toward or away from a close-up is a common type of zooming. A close up is taken from head to neck, giving the viewer a detailed view of the subject's face.
Dress sock
Dress socks are dress clothes socks for men traditionally in dark colours like black, blue, gray or brown. For more casual wear they are sometimes offered in other colours or checkered patterns. Dress socks are worn in accompaniment to dress shoes of varying styles depending on dress codes or personal preferences.

Dress socks come in a variety of heights. They come ankle-high, mid-calf high (the most common), and over the calf. Dress socks have been known to slip down the leg, causing the wearer to have to constantly pull them up. In the past, men would buy garters or sock suspenders to correct this until the introduction of better elastics in the 1960s such as spandex, thus rendering it mostly obsolete. Although some men with larger calves need extra assistance of garters to keep their socks from slipping.

Casual wear
Casual wear (or casual attire or clothing) is a Western dress code that is relaxed, occasional, spontaneous and suited for everyday use. Casual wear became popular in the Western world following the counterculture of the 1960s.  When emphasising casual wear's comfort, it may be referred to as leisurewear or loungewear.

While casual is "informal" in the sense of "not formal", informal wear traditionally refers to a Western dress code associated with suits—a step below semi-formal wear—thus being more formal than casual attire.
Lampang Province Stadium
Lampang Province Stadium or Nong Kra Ting Stadium (Thai: สนามกีฬาจังหวัดลําปาง หรือ สนามกีฬาหนองกระทิง) (known as Nong Krating Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Lampang Province, Thailand. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Lampang Football Club. The stadium holds 5,500 people and is home to the Lampang Football Club.

Lampang province
Lampang (Thai: ลำปาง, pronounced [lām.pāːŋ]; Northern Thai: ᩃᩣᩴᨻᩣ᩠ᨦ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), situated in upper northern Thailand. The old name of Lampang was Khelang Nakhon.
Cajal
Cajal:

Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist, physician, pathologist

Fortún Garcés Cajal, medieval Spanish nobleman

Nicolae Cajal (1919–2004), Romanian Jewish physician, academic, politician, philanthropist

Cajal Institute, a neuroscience research center in Madrid, Spain.

Cajal cells
Cajal–Retzius cell
Interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)

Cajal bodies (CBs)

Cajal (crater), a tiny lunar impact crater

Cajal (crater)
Cajal is a small lunar impact crater on the northern part of the Mare Tranquilitatis. It was named after the Spanish doctor and Nobel laureate Santiago Ramón y Cajal. It is a circular (9 km diameter), cup-shaped formation that lies southeast of the lava-inundated crater Jansen. Cajal was formerly designated Jansen F.  Also to the northwest is a system of wrinkle ridges designated the Dorsa Barlow.
2025 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game
The 2025 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game was a college football game played on January 6, 2025, at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas. The game determined the national champion of NCAA Division I FCS for the 2024 season, and featured the two finalists of the 24-team playoff bracket, which began on November 30, 2024. The Monday night game began at approximately 6:00 p.m. CST and was broadcast on ESPN and ESPN+.

The game featured North Dakota State and Montana State; North Dakota State won, 35–32, and secured their 10th football championship at this level, all of them occurring since the 2011 season.

Toyota Stadium (Texas)
Toyota Stadium is located in Frisco, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. Built and owned by the city of Frisco, its primary tenant is Major League Soccer club FC Dallas. The United Football League's Dallas Renegades and the Frisco Independent School District, which supported the construction to host their high school football games, also utilize the stadium. Additionally, it is the home of the National Soccer Hall of Fame, which opened in 2018.
Ewen Green (chess player)
Ewen McGowen Green (born 4 April 1950) is a New Zealand chess player who is a freelance chess teacher in Auckland, New Zealand.

Green attained FIDE Master status in 1992. In 1979–80 he won the New Zealand Chess Championship along with Vernon A. Small and Ortvin Sarapu and has also been an Olympiad player (1970, 1974, 1976).

In 2013, he was equal second in New Zealand Chess Championship.

He is regarded as one of New Zealand's best chess coaches; he coached Cliff Curtis and other cast members of the New Zealand film The Dark Horse.

Green holds the Oceania record for simultaneous games of blindfold chess of 17 boards (13 wins, 1 draw, 3 losses) in an arbitered demonstration.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
San Bartolomé Quialana
San Bartolomé Quialana  is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 49.76 km2. 
It is part of the Tlacolula District in the east of the Valles Centrales Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 2,485.

Women in the area wear traditional clothing.

Oaxaca Valley
The Central Valleys (Spanish: Valles Centrales) of Oaxaca, also simply known as the Oaxaca Valley, is a geographic region located within the modern-day state of Oaxaca in southeastern Mexico. In an administrative context, it has been defined as comprising the districts of Etla, Centro, Zaachila, Zimatlán, Ocotlán, Tlacolula and Ejutla. The valley, which is located within the Sierra Madre Mountains, is shaped like a distorted and almost upside-down “Y,” with each of its arms bearing specific names: the northwestern Etla arm, the central southern Valle Grande, and the Tlacolula arm to the east.  The Oaxaca Valley was home to the Zapotec civilization, one of the earliest complex societies in Mesoamerica, and the later Mixtec culture. A number of important and well-known archaeological sites are found in the Oaxaca Valley, including Monte Albán, Mitla, San José Mogote and Yagul. Today, the capital of the state, the city of Oaxaca, is located in the central portion of the valley.
Chiriquí Grande District
Chiriquí Grande is a district (distrito) of Bocas del Toro Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 7,431; the latest official estimate (for 2019) is 14,533. The district covers a total area of 210 km². The capital lies at the town of Chiriquí Grande.

2000 Panamanian census
The 2000 Panamanian census gathered important demographic and economic data for the Panama. It was the tenth national census of population and sixth of housing. It was conducted on May 14, 2000, by the Republic of Panama General Directorate of Statistics and Census.