hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
V-tail
The V-tail or vee-tail (sometimes called a butterfly tail or Rudlicki's V-tail) of an aircraft is an unconventional arrangement of the tail control surfaces that replaces the traditional vertical and horizontal surfaces with two surfaces set in a V-shaped configuration. It is not widely used in aircraft design. The aft edge of each twin surface is a hinged control surface called a ruddervator, which combines the functions of both a rudder and elevator.

Elevator (aeronautics)
Elevators  are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's pitch, and therefore the angle of attack and the lift of the wing. The elevators are usually hinged to the tailplane or horizontal stabilizer. They may be the only pitch control surface present, and are sometimes located at the front of the aircraft (early airplanes and canards) or integrated into a rear "all-moving tailplane", also called a slab elevator or stabilator.
Folau
Folau is a Tongan surname. People with that name include:

Israel Folau (born 1989), Australian professional rugby footballer

Maria Folau (nee Tuta'ia ) (born 1987) wife of Israel Folau

Spencer Folau (born 1973), Tongan American football player

Folau Fainga'a (born 1995), Australian rugby union player

Maria Folau
Solonaima Maria Folau (née Tuta'ia; born 18 February 1987 in Tokoroa, New Zealand) is a retired New Zealand netball player. She played regularly for the New Zealand national netball team, the Silver Ferns.
Alfred Giles (explorer)
Alfred Giles (18 February 1846 – 20 March 1931), born in Datchet, England, was a South Australian bushman, drover and explorer who crossed Australia from south to north seven times, mostly in connection with the building of the Overland Telegraph Line 1870–1872.

Charles Todd (engineer)
Sir Charles Todd KCMG FRS FRAS FRMS FIEE (7 July 1826 – 29 January 1910) worked at the Royal Greenwich Observatory 1841–1847 and the Cambridge University observatory from 1847 to 1854. He then worked on telegraphy and undersea cables until engaged by the government of South Australia as astronomical and meteorological observer, and head of the electric telegraph department.
Sandesneben
Sandesneben is a village in the district of Lauenburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 18 km west of Ratzeburg, and 25 km southwest of Lübeck.

Sandesneben is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Sandesneben-Nusse.

Sandesneben-Nusse
Sandesneben-Nusse is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Lauenburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Its seat is in Sandesneben. It was formed on 1 January 2008 from the former Ämter Sandesneben and Nusse.

The Amt Sandesneben-Nusse consists of the following municipalities (with population in 2005):
Bắc Quang, Tuyên Quang
Bắc Quang is a commune (xã) of Tuyên Quang Province, Vietnam.

On 16 June 2025, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly promulgated Resolution No. 1684/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the rearrangement of commune-level administrative units of Tuyên Quang Province in 2025. Accordingly, the entire natural area and population of Việt Quang Town, Quang Minh Commune, and Việt Vinh Commune are rearranged to form a new commune named Bắc Quang Commune.

Tuyên Quang province
Tuyên Quang (Vietnamese: [tʷiə̄n kʷāːŋ]) is a province in the northeastern part of Vietnam, at the centre of Lô River valley, a tributary of the Red River. Its capital is Minh Xuân Ward. The province had a population of 1,865,270 in 2025, with a density of 137 persons per km2 over a total land area of 13,795.50 square kilometres (5,326.47 mi2). Tuyên Quang Province is bordered to the northeast by Cao Bằng Province, to the east by Thái Nguyên Province, to the south by Phú Thọ Province, to the west by Lào Cai Province, and to the north by Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province and Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.
Kamen Dimitrov
Kamen Dimitrov (Bulgarian: Камен Димитров) (born 18 January 1962) is a retired Bulgarian discus thrower.

He won the 1981 European Junior Championships and won the Balkan Championships in 1984, 1986 and 1988. He competed at the 1986 European Championships, the 1987 World Championships,
the 1990 European Championships and the 1991 World Championships without reaching the final.

He became Bulgarian champion in 1985, 1988, 1989 and 1991. His toughest competitors were Georgi Georgiev and Nikolai Kolev. His personal best throw was 65.40 metres, achieved in May 1986 in Plovdiv.

1981 European Athletics Junior Championships
The 1981 European Athletics Junior Championships was the sixth edition of the biennial athletics competition for European athletes aged under twenty. It was held in Utrecht, Netherlands between 20 and 23 August.
Silwerkrans
Silwerkrans (also known as Tlokweng) is a village in Bojanala District Municipality in the North West province of South Africa. The village is occupied by the Batlokwa ba Bogatsu tribe. The Batlokwa are thought to have occupied this village during the 1800s. Dr. Lesedi Monageng II Motsatsi is the current kgosi of Tlokweng village.

Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
The Bojanala Platinum District Municipality (Tswana: Mmasepala wa Sedika wa Bojanala Platinum) is one of the 4 districts of the North West province of South Africa. The seat of the municipality is Rustenburg. As of 2011, a majority of its 1,507,505 residents spoke Setswana. The district code is DC37.
Ethylparaben
Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Its formula is HO-C6H4-CO-O-CH2CH3. It is a member of the class of compounds known as parabens.

It is used as an antifungal preservative. As a food additive, it has E number E214.

Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of ethylparaben, has the same uses and is given the E number E215.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
Saint Michael's Roman Catholic Church & Rectory
Saint Michael's Roman Catholic Church & Rectory (also known as St. Michael the Archangel Church, and currently called Angel's Arms Condominiums) is a former Roman Catholic church and rectory located at 21 Pius Street in the South Side Slopes neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  The church was built from 1855 to 1861 and designed in Romanesque Revival style by architect Charles Bartberger (1824–1896).  The rectory behind the church (which can be seen at this link) was built in 1890 and designed in Richardsonian Romanesque style by architect Frederick C. Sauer (1860–1942).  Both the church and the rectory were added to the List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations on February 23, 2001, and the church was added to the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 1970.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
2014 Women's British Open Squash Championship
The Women's Allam British Open 2014 is the women's edition of the 2014 British Open Squash Championships, which is a WSA World Series event Platinum (Prize money: $100 000). The event took place at the Sports Arena in Hull in England from 12 May to 18 May. Nicol David won her fifth British Open trophy, beating Laura Massaro in the final.

British Open Squash Championships
The British Open Squash Championships is the oldest 'open' tournament in the game of squash (open to both professional and amateur players). It is widely considered to be one of the two most prestigious tournaments in the game, alongside the World Squash Championships.

Until the establishment of the World Squash Championships (which was originally called the World Open) in 1976, the British Open was considered to be the de facto world championship of the sport.

The British Open Squash Championships are often referred to as the "Wimbledon of Squash".
Van Etten (CDP), New York
Van Etten is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the town of Van Etten in Chemung County, New York, United States. It is a former village that was absorbed by the town of Van Etten on December 31, 2018. The name came from the two brothers who founded the village. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 601.

The community is northeast of Elmira and is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Elmira, New York
Elmira (/ɛlˈmaɪrə/) is a city in and the county seat of Chemung County, New York, United States. It is the principal city of the Elmira, New York, metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses Chemung County. The population was 26,523 at the 2020 census, down from 29,200 at the 2010 census, a decline of more than 7 percent.

The City of Elmira is in the south-central part of the county, surrounded on three sides by the Town of Elmira.  It is in the Southern Tier of New York, a short distance north of the Pennsylvania state line.

The city was the site of the Elmira Prison, a prisoner-of-war camp that held over 12,000 captured Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War. Elmira College is located within the city.
Hassan Youssef (Egyptian footballer)
Hassan Youssef (Arabic: حسن يوسف; born  27 January 1993)  is an Egyptian footballer. He is best known as a former player for Tala'ea El Gaish SC, where he had many goals and assists over nine seasons. He later played for Aswan SC and Haras El Hodoud SC. He is a graduate of the Zamalek youth academy.

Tala'ea El Gaish SC
Tala'ea el-Gaish Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي طلائع الجيش الرياضي, lit. 'Army Vanguard'), also known as Army, is an Egyptian sports club based in Cairo, Egypt. The club is mainly known for its professional football team, which currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League, the top league in the Egyptian football league system.

The club also has a representative men's basketball team that competes in the Egyptian Basketball Super League.
Baulking
Baulking or Balking is a village and civil parish about 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Faringdon in the Vale of White Horse district of Oxfordshire, England. It was part of Berkshire until the 1974 Boundary Changes transferred it to Oxfordshire.

Faringdon
Faringdon /ˈfærɪŋdən/ is a historic market town in the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire, England, 18 miles (29 km) south-west of Oxford, 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Wantage and 12 miles (19 km) east-north-east of Swindon. Its views extend to the River Thames in the north and the highest ground visible is on the Ridgeway in the south. Faringdon was Berkshire's westernmost town until the 1974 boundary changes transferred its administration to Oxfordshire. The civil parish is formally known as Great Faringdon, to distinguish it from Little Faringdon in West Oxfordshire. The 2011 Census gave a population of 7,121; it was estimated at 7,992 in 2019. On 1 February 2004, Faringdon became the first place in south-east England to be awarded Fairtrade Town status.
Cultural materialism
Cultural materialism refers to two separate scholarly endeavours:

Cultural materialism (anthropology), an anthropological research orientation first introduced by Marvin Harris

Cultural materialism (cultural studies), a movement in literary theory and cultural studies originating with left-wing literary critic Raymond Williams

Cultural materialism (cultural studies)
Cultural materialism in literary theory and cultural studies traces its origin to the work of the left-wing literary critic Raymond Williams. Cultural materialism espouses analysis based in critical theory, in the tradition of the Frankfurt School. Key Words: A Journal of Cultural Materialism is dedicated to developing the field, and has been published by the Raymond Williams Society since 1998.
Industrial bank
Industrial Bank is another name for an industrial loan company.

Industrial Bank is also the name of some banks:

Industrial Bank (China)

Industrial Bank of Iraq

Industrial Bank of Korea

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

Industrial Bank of Kuwait

Industrial Bank (Washington D.C.), a historic African American bank in Washington D.C.

Industrial Bank of Iraq
Industrial Bank of Iraq (Arabic: المصرف الصناعي العراقي) is an industrial bank company headquartered in Baghdad, Iraq. The main area of activity of the bank is giving loans for the industrial sector in Iraq.

It is one of four special purpose banks established after the Second Gulf War.
Thánh Gióng
Thánh Gióng (chữ Nôm: 聖揀), also known as Phù Đổng Thiên Vương (chữ Hán: 扶董天王, Heavenly Prince of Phù Đổng), Sóc Thiên Vương (chữ Hán: 朔天王), Ông Gióng (翁揀, sir Gióng) and Xung Thiên Thần Vương (冲天神王, Divine Prince of Heaven) is a mythical folk hero of Vietnam's history and one of The Four Immortals. According to the legend, Gióng was a boy who rode on an iron horse and won against the enemy of the state. The most well known version of the legend had him battle against the Chinese army, thus, he is considered the first anti-invasion hero of the Vietnamese. Some researchers believe he is the Vietnamese version of Vaiśravaṇa.

The folk hero was a popular subject for poets, such as Cao Bá Quát who wrote an epic poem to Thánh Gióng in the 19th century. Today Thánh Gióng features with other legendary figures such as Kinh Dương Vương, Âu Cơ, Sơn Tinh – Thủy Tinh, in elementary school texts.

Folk hero
A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.
Synergy School Radio
Synergy School Radio is a digital integrated radio studio.
Radio is a growing tool within education and is regularly cited for good practice and innovation.
School Radio projects have often received significant support from government and education consultants a like advocating the use of School Radio projects as part of good practice.

Synergy were behind the Determined to Broadcast bus. The bus received both support and sponsorship from Synergy but it was also Synergy radio studios that made up the core of the technology being used. The Synergy School Radio project received high-profile support from  Radio Clyde's Ross King (presenter) and Gina McKie, XFM Scotland's Heather Suttie and GMTV presenter Jenni Falconer.

Synergy School Radio are associated sponsors of the Sony Award category "Best School Radio station".

In September 2018 the brand was purchased by Clyde Broadcast Technology Limited.

Radio personality
A radio personality is a person who has an on-air position in radio broadcasting. A radio personality who hosts a radio show is also known as a radio host (North American English), radio presenter (British English) or radio jockey. Radio personalities who introduce and play individual selections of recorded music are known as disc jockeys or "DJs" for short. Broadcast radio personalities may include talk radio hosts, AM/FM radio show hosts, and satellite radio program hosts, and non-host contributors to radio programs, such as reporter
Josie Pearson
Josie Rachel Pearson MBE (born 3 January 1986) is a Paralympian wheelchair rugby player and athlete from England. Pearson represented Great Britain in the 2008 Summer Paralympics, becoming the first women to compete in wheelchair rugby for her country at the Paralympics. After competing as a sprint athlete, Pearson switched to throwing events and qualified for the 2012 Summer Paralympics in both discus and club throw in the F51 class, eventually taking the gold in discus with a world record distance.

Club throw
The club throw is an athletic throwing event where the objective is to throw a wooden club. The event is one of the four throwing events, along with discus, javelin and shot put of the Summer Paralympics. It is the Paralympic equivalent of the hammer throw. The club throw was introduced for both men and women at the first 1960 Summer Paralympic Games. It was dropped from the women's programme from the 1992 Paralympics in Barcelona but was reinstated for London 2012.
The Araca Group
The Araca Group is a live entertainment merchandise and production company founded in 1997 by partners Matthew Rego, Michael Rego, and Hank Unger. First achieving notoriety as producers of the musical Urinetown, the company has gradually become more involved in merchandising following the success of Wicked.

David Auburn
David Auburn (born November 30, 1969) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and theatre director.  He is best known for his 2000 play Proof, which won the 2001 Tony Award for Best Play and Pulitzer Prize for Drama.  He also wrote the screenplays for the 2005 film version of Proof, The Lake House (2006), The Girl in the Park (2007), and Georgetown (2019).
Dolphin (surname)
Dolphin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Dolphin (1885–1942), English first-class cricketer

Bill Dolphin (1881–1969), Australian rules footballer

Charles B. Dolphin (1888–1969), British-Canadian architect

David Dolphin (born 1940), Canadian biochemist

David Dolphin (cricketer) (born 1950), Zimbabwean cricketer

Frank Dolphin (born 1959), Irish businessman

James Dolphin (born 1983), New Zealand sprinter

John Dolphin (disambiguation), several people

Frank Dolphin
Frank Dolphin (born January 1959) is an Irish psychologist and businessman known for his involvement with the Irish Health Service, as a former chairman of Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Governor of the Mater Hospital, and as a past president of the Waterford Chamber of Commerce. He co-founded RigneyDolphin Ltd. and RelateCare.
Thai Summer Airways
Thai Summer Airways Company Limited is a low-cost airline based in Thailand, and it is a collaboration between investors from Thailand, Taiwan and China. In September 2020, the airline was granted its air operator's certificate, and it acquired its first aircraft in February 2022. However, the airline has faced several launch delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Air operator's certificate
An air operator's certificate (AOC) is the approval granted by a civil aviation authority (CAA) to an aircraft operator to allow it to use aircraft for commercial air transport purposes. This requires the operator to have personnel, assets and systems in place to ensure the safety of its employees and of the flying public. The certificate lists the approved aircraft types, each registration number approved to fly, the approved flying purpose, and in what area the holder may operate (such as specific airports or geographic region).
Khaldoun Al-Khawaldeh
Khaldoun Abdel-Mutti Khalaf Hamdan Al-Khawaldeh (Arabic: خلدون عبد المعطي خلف حمدان الخوالدة) is a Jordanian professional footballer who plays as a right winger for the Jordanian club Al-Salt and the Jordan national team.

Al-Salt SC
Al-Salt Sport Club  (Arabic: نادي السلط الرياضي) is a professional football club based in As-Salt, Jordan. Founded in 1965, this club first participated in the Jordanian Pro League during the 2018–19 season.
Fourth hand (tool)
A fourth hand is the name of a specialized bicycle tool for manipulating brake and derailleur cables. The fourth hand allows a mechanic to keep the cable in place while they adjust the tension. Generally the fourth hand contains a locking mechanism.

The fourth hand is sometimes called a "cable puller" or "cable stretcher." Modern fourth hands are an improvement on an earlier generation of cable stretchers known as "third hands," hence the name.

Derailleur
A derailleur (/dɪˈreɪlər/ di-RAYL-ər; /dɪˈreɪljər/ di-RAYL-yər) is specifically a device that moves a bicycle chain from one sprocket to another, and more generally the entire gearset on a multiple-speed bicycle with such a mechanism.

Modern front and rear derailleurs typically consist of a moveable chain-guide that is operated remotely by a Bowden cable attached to a shifter mounted on the down tube, handlebar stem, or handlebar. When a rider operates the lever while pedalling, the change in cable tension moves the chain-guide from side to side, "derailing" the chain onto different sprockets.
Santfeliuenc FC
Santfeliuenc Fútbol Club is a Spanish football team based in Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1907, it plays in Primera Catalana – Group 3, holding home games at Nou Estadi Municipal de Les Grases.

Sant Feliu de Llobregat
Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Catalan: [ˈsaɱ fəˈliw ðə ʎuβɾəˈɣat]) is an industrial city and municipality in Catalonia, Spain, in the province of Barcelona. It is the capital of the comarca of Baix Llobregat, and the see of a bishopric since June 2005.
Elizabeth Maxwell Steele
Elizabeth Gillespie Steele, commonly known as  Elizabeth Maxwell Steele (née Maxwell; 1733–1790), was an active supporter of the American Revolution. She helped run a prominent tavern in Salisbury, North Carolina, that served as a "resort" for many notable figures of the time. Her involvement with the tavern allowed her to support the Revolution by offering hospitality and charity to other supporters of the American cause.

Salisbury, North Carolina
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbɛri/ SAWLZ-ber-ee) is a city in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, United States; it has been the county seat of Rowan County since 1753 when its territory extended to the Mississippi River. Located 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Charlotte and within its metropolitan area, the town has attracted a growing population. The 2020 census shows 35,580 residents.

Salisbury is the oldest continually populated colonial town in the western region of North Carolina. It is noted for its historic preservation, with five Local Historic Districts and ten National Register Historic Districts.

Soft drink producer Cheerwine and regional supermarket Food Lion are located in Salisbury and Rack Room Shoes was founded there.
Château d'Armainvilliers
The Chateau d'Armainvilliers is a historic château that today extends over the municipalities of Tournan-en-Brie and Gretz-Armainvilliers in Seine-et-Marne, France, approximately 30 miles east of Paris.

Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne (French pronunciation: [sɛn e maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Seine and Marne') is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.