hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
One Hundred and Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India
The One Hundred and Fifth Amendment (or 105th Constitutional Amendment)  to the Constitution of India- officially known as Constitution (One Hundred and Fifth Amendment) Act, 2021- restored the power of State governments to recognise socially and educationally backward classes (SEBCs). SEBCs, which includes the groups commonly known as Other Backward Classes (OBCs), are communities for which the State can provide "special provisions" or affirmative action in India.

In May 2021, the Supreme Court held that the 102nd Constitutional Amendment, 2018 had taken away the State governments' powers to recognise SEBCs. This power had been exercised by States for decades, and regional and national parties almost unanimously demanded an amendment to restore the power. In August 2021, over just 3 days, the Bill was introduced and passed by both Houses of Parliament. The 105th Constitutional Amendment Act received Presidential Assent on 18 August.

Reservation in India
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that was established during the British Raj. Based on provisions in the Indian constitution, it allows the union government and the states and union territories of India to allocate a specific percentage of reserved quotas or seats, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens". Since its implementation, reservation has been a subject of massive debates and controversies over its impact, execution and effectiveness, significantly shaping the agendas of political parties and the actions of social groups.
Daines
Daines is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barry Daines (born 1951), English football player

Nicholas Daines, English gymnast and diver

Percy Daines (1902–1957), English politician

Richard F. Daines (1951–2011), American physician

Robert H. Daines (1905–1985), American pathologist

Robert H. Daines III (born 1934), American academic and Mormon leader

Steve Daines (born 1962), American politician

Robert H. Daines III
Robert H. Daines III (May 30, 1934 – November 2, 2021) was an American leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and academic who was the Driggs Professor of Strategic Management at Brigham Young University (BYU).
Reindert de Favauge
Romain "Reindert" Henri Theodor David de Favauge (22 December 1872 – 8 October 1949) was a Dutch sport shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Bergen op Zoom and died in Bloemendaal.

In 1908, he finished fourth with the Dutch team in the team trap shooting event. In the individual trap competition he finished 22nd. Twelve years later, he finished sixth as a member of the Dutch team in the team clay pigeons event.

Bloemendaal
Bloemendaal (pronounced [ˈblumə(n)ˌdaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality and town in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Bloemendaal is, together with Wassenaar, the wealthiest place in the Netherlands. It is located just west of Haarlem, on the North Sea.

In October 2015, after persistent problems with the local governance in Bloemendaal, the King's Commissioner of North Holland, Johan Remkes, threatened to disband the municipality if the problems were not resolved within a year. Bernt Schneiders, the mayor of Haarlem, was appointed acting mayor of Bloemendaal.
Ben Spendlove
Benjamin Lee Spendlove (born 4 November 1978) is an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire between 1997 and 2001.

Spendlove was born in Belper, Derbyshire. He made his debut for Derbyshire in the 1997 season. He left the side in 2001 but after good performances in the local leagues in the ensuing years, started playing for the club again in the one day game, rejoining the side for the last six games of 2004.

He occasionally played as a substitute fielder for the England Cricket Team, during Test matches at Trent Bridge, Nottingham.

With his innings limited in 2004 and 2005, to a combined total of only eight, garnering a total of 46 runs, and having been demoted to the Second XI, he left with a year remaining on his contract, being selected merely at the time on the strength of his off-breaks rather than on his batting prowess. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler.

Belper
Belper (/ˈbɛlpər/) is a town and civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England, located about 7 miles (11 km) north of Derby on the River Derwent. Along with Belper, the parish includes the village of Milford and the hamlets of Bargate, Blackbrook, and Makeney.

As of the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 21,440. Originally a centre for the nail-making industry since the Middle Ages, Belper expanded during the early Industrial Revolution to become one of the first mill towns with the establishment of several textile mills; as such, it forms part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site.
Mohammed Khadda
Mohammed Khadda (Arabic: محمد الخدة; 14 March 1930 – 4 May 1991) was an Algerian painter, sculptor, and writer. Khadda has been considered to be among the founders of contemporary Algerian painting and one of the many representatives of the "sign painters.", as indicated by his nickname "peintre du signe" given by Jean Sénac. He debuted in 1960. His influences included Cubism and Arabic calligraphy. He tended toward the non-figurative or abstract. He represented a generation of Algerian artists who combined the ideas of calligraphic heritage and formal language of Western formal writing through Western abstraction through the 1950s.

National Liberation Army (Algeria)
The National Liberation Army or ALN (Arabic: جيش التحرير الوطني الجزائري, romanized: Jaīš al-taḥrīr al-waṭanī al-jazāʾirī; French: Armée de libération nationale) was the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front of Algeria during the Algerian War. After Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, the ALN was converted into the regular Algerian People's National Armed Forces.
Toque Inicial
Toque Inicial was a Mexican morning sports-talk television show hosted by Juan Pablo Fernández, Paulina García Robles and various ESPN Mexico personalities. The show airs on ESPN in Mexico and ESPN Deportes in the United States.

The program presents the most relevant news in a relaxed way and with humor and personality that highlight the show's sports news. The show has several segments, showing the humorous side of the news with a touch of sarcasm, parody and irony. The show is generally aimed towards the younger audience.

The show aired Monday thru Friday at 8:00am in Mexico and 9:00am ET in the United States. The show's running time is two hours with only the first hour of the show airing on ESPN Deportes due to Raza Deportiva airing at 10:00am ET. A special night edition of the show aired each Thursday at 8:00pm in Mexico.

The show was filmed in the ESPN Mexico studios in Mexico City.

Alfonso Vera
Alfonso "Poncho" Vera is a radiohost in Mexico, he's also made a name by himself among Mexican television. Poncho studied Communication Sciences at the Universidad Intercontinental and when he started working in 1994, he worked at a cellphones company, helping in the internal communication areas, marketing and publicity. He currently works for ESPN Latin America and ESPN Deportes.
2011 Città di Caltanissetta
The 2011 Città di Caltanissetta was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Caltanissetta, Italy between 21 and 27 March 2011.

Daniele Bracciali
Daniele Bracciali (Italian pronunciation: [daˈnjɛːle bratˈtʃaːli]; born 10 January 1978) is an Italian former tennis player, best ranked world no. 21 in doubles. His career-high ATP singles ranking is world no. 49, achieved in May 2006. In doubles, he reached the semifinals of the 2012 French Open and the quarterfinals of the 2013 Australian Open. In mixed doubles, he reached the semifinals of the 2012 Australian and French Opens.

He was banned by the Italian Tennis Federation in 2015 for betting and did not play for several years, but returned in 2017. In November 2018, Bracciali was once again given a life ban having been found guilty by the Tennis Integrity Unit.
Kalimati Kalche
Kalimati Kalche  is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4143 people living in 649 individual households.

Rapti Zone
Rapti Zone (Nepali: राप्ती अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones, located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal.  It was named after the West Rapti River which drains Rolpa, Pyuthan and part of Dang districts. The remainder of Dang and part of Salyan district are drained by the Babai.  The remainder of Salyan and all of Rukum districts are drained by the Bheri.

The headquarters of Rapti were Tulsipur and the largest city was Tribhuvannagar (Ghorahi). Other main cities and towns of Rapti zone were Pyuthan Khalanga, Bijuwar, Liwang, Lamahi, Musikot, Rukumkot (Shova), and Chaurjahari.
1980 Seiko Classic
The 1980 Seiko Classic was a women's professional tennis tournament played on hard courts at the Victoria Park Stadium in Hong Kong  and was part of the Colgate Series of the 1980 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the event and took place from 3 November until 9 November 1980. First-seeded Wendy Turnbull won the singles title.

Victoria Park (Hong Kong)
Victoria Park (Chinese: 維多利亞公園; Cantonese Yale: Wàihdōleih'a Gūng'yún) is a public park in Causeway Bay, Wan Chai District, Hong Kong. The park is named after Queen Victoria, who has a statue in the park. It is around 190,000 square metres (19 ha) in size and contains sporting facilities for tennis, association football, basketball, handball, volleyball, swimming, jogging, fitness, roller skating, and bowling.

The park first opened to the public in October 1957 and was revamped in the early 2000s. Owned and operated by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of Hong Kong, the park is open all year, free of admission charge. It is Hong Kong's most popular public park, with more visitors than Hong Kong Park and Kowloon Park combined.
Northern Nigeria Marketing Board
The Northern Nigeria Marketing Board was a statutory commodity board authorized to fix producer prices of export commodities within the Northern region of Nigeria. It was also responsible for licensing buying agents and the purchasing export commodities in the region.

The board was previously named the Northern Region Marketing Board, a regional board that had earlier superseded the national and commodity specific Nigerian Groundnut Marketing Board after constitutional restructuring in 1954.

The major revenue earner for the board was groundnut and the Northern region was one of the world's major exporter of the produce post-World War II and up to the early 1970s. Purchases by the board increased from 178,000 tonnes in the 1949/1950 buying season to 787,000 tonnes in the 1963/1964 season. In the 1960s, excess funds of the board was contributed funds to the development of Ahmadu Bello University, Hamdala Hotel, Kaduna, Kaduna Textiles, and Bank of the North.

The board is now defunct.

Macrotyloma geocarpum
Macrotyloma geocarpum is also known as the ground bean, geocarpa groundnut, Hausa groundnut, or Kersting's groundnut. In French, it is often called la lentille de terre. M. geocarpum is an herbaceous annual plant and a crop of minor economic importance in sub-Saharan Africa, tolerant of drought, with a growth habit similar to that of the peanut.

M. geocarpum is a pulse belonging to the legume family. It is primarily produced in western Africa, specifically in Benin and surrounding regions. It can provide nutrition, income, and the ability to alleviate hunger given the further production and enhancement of current practices.

Yields reach 500 kg/ha (450 lb/acre) in dry seed.
Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium
Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium (神戸総合運動公園ユニバー記念競技場) is a multi-purpose stadium in Kobe Sports Park, located in Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan. It is mostly used for football matches. The stadium can hold 45,000 people. It was built in 1985 for the 1985 Summer Universiade. It hosted the 2006 61st National Sports Festival of Japan main stadium. Local football club Vissel Kobe has played some high attendance matches at the stadium.

Japan national football team played some of their home matches here, including a 3-0 win over Hong Kong in a World Cup qualifier in August 1985.

On May 9, 2007, the Japan national rugby union team played the Classic All Blacks here. The result was a win for the latter, 36–25. Other rugby games, including Top League games are sometimes played at the stadium.

Classic All Blacks
The Classic All Blacks is a rugby union team made up of former New Zealand Rugby (Men's) representatives. It is not an official national team of New Zealand. First put together in 2007, the team has played Japan three times, English Premiership side Leicester Tigers and 'classic' teams from France and Australia.

In 2013, the side played Fiji as part of the Fiji Rugby Union's centennial anniversary.

On 7 October 2015, the Classic All Blacks played RC Toulonnais at the Stade Mayol in a match to honour the late Jerry Collins.
L'Étape, Quebec
L'Étape (English: The Halt) is a rest area and a campground located on route 175 at km 135, on the shores on Jacques-Cartier Lake, halfway between Québec City and Saguenay. In the heart of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, where about 1.7 million pass through on a yearly basis.

Rest area
A rest area is a public facility located next to a large thoroughfare such as a motorway, expressway, or highway, at which drivers and passengers can rest, eat, or refuel without exiting onto secondary roads.  Other names include motorway service area (UK), services (UK),  travel plaza, rest stop, service area, rest and service area (RSA), resto,  service plaza, lay-by, and service centre. Facilities may include park-like areas, fuel stations, public toilets, water fountains, restaurants, and dump and fill stations for caravans and motorhomes.

A rest area with limited to no public facilities is a lay-by,  scenic area, or scenic overlook.  Along some highways and roads are services known as wayside parks, roadside parks, or picnic areas.
Stella K. Abraham High School for Girls
Stella K. Abraham High School for Girls is a Modern Orthodox Jewish day school, a college preparatory high school for grades 9–12, located in Hewlett Bay Park in Nassau County, New York, United States.

The school is part of the Hebrew Academy of Long Beach which purchased the former Lawrence Country Day School 9.2-acre (37,000 m2) campus in 1992 for $2.2 million. Academics at the school focuses both on the Limudei Kodesh (Torah studies) curriculum and in secular non-Jewish studies. The school is accredited by the New York State Board of Regents and has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools since 1999. It was renamed for longtime resident Stella K. Abraham in 1994.

Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
The Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (also referred to as the Middle States Association or MSA) is an accreditor in the United States. Historically, it has accredited schools in the Mid-Atlantic states region of the Northeastern United States. The peer-based, Philadelphia-based non-profit association was founded in 1887. It is a voluntary organization that performs peer evaluation and regional accreditation of public and private schools (including parochial / religious-owned and independent secular schools).

The association has two commissions, the Middle States Commission on Elementary Schools (MSCES) and Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools (MSCSS). A higher education commission, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), operates completely independently of the other two commissions. MSCSS also accredits some institutions that offer postsecondary education but only those that do not confer academic degrees or offer technical programs.
2020 National Conference League
The 2020 National Conference League was the 35th season of the National Conference League, the top league for British amateur rugby league clubs.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the tournament was initially postponed on 13 March until 6 June, after matchweek two. On 27 April it was announced that the tournament would be cancelled and promotion and relegation scrapped for the 2020 season. A small number of friendlies occurred over the summer, when government restrictions were loosened, in order to help participating clubs with revenue.

National Conference League
The National Conference League (NCL) was part of the British rugby league system at the top end of the amateur pyramid below the professional Championship. It came under the jurisdiction of the Rugby Football League (RFL). It was replaced by the National Community Rugby League.
Tsukiyono, Gunma
Tsukiyono (月夜野町, Tsukiyono-machi) was a town located in Tone District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.

On October 1, 2005, Tsukiyono, along with the village of Niiharu (also from Tone District), was merged into the expanded town of Minakami.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
Kapluk
Kapluk is a village in Baringo County, Kenya, in the base of Kerio Valley. The population is about 2000 people. The major ethnic group is the Tugen; the residents settled in the area around 1700 AD.

The major economic activity is farming crops such as cotton and maize, as well as animal keeping (especially goats and cows). It is the hub of the Kabutie location of the Barwesa division. There is a secondary school, four primary schools, a health center, 5 churches, and a cattle dip.

Kapluk is part of the Barwesa ward of Baringo North Constituency in Baringo County.

The current elections are over and Zaphania Chepkonga was declared the councillor after pulling ahead of Bowen Charles by 300 votes. Among those who stepped down for Zephania Chepkonga included Benjamin Ayabei, John Ruto, and Kigen Chris.

The crowning of the new councillor was marked with song and dance on 27 Dec 2007 at Muchukwo Centre, where the previous councillor promised to unite the people of Kabutiei.

Tugen people
The Tugen are a Southern Nilotic sub-tribe of the Kalenjin people, falling under the highland Nilotes category. They primarily occupy Baringo County and parts of Nakuru and Elgeyo Marakwet Counties in the former Rift Valley Province. The Tugen population was officially recorded as 197,556 in the 2019 Kenya Census. The community is further divided into distinct sections, including the Arror (North Baringo), Samor (Central Baringo), and the Endorois. Daniel arap Moi, the second & longest serving president of Kenya (1978–2002), was a prominent member of this sub-tribe. They speak the Tugen language, a member of the Kalenjin dialect cluster that is closely related to Kipsigis and Nandi.
University of Turin Department of Law
The University of Turin Department of Law is the law school of the University of Turin.
It is commonly shortened UNITO Department of Law.
It traces its roots to the founding of the University of Turin, and has produced or hosted some of the most outstanding jurists, statespeople and scholars in Italian and European history.
Among its distinguished faculty and alumni are leading writers, philosophers and legal scholars.  Nowadays the Department of Law continues the tradition, with particular strengths in the fields of private law, EU law, comparative law and related fields, and a unique global role in delivering United Nations-linked graduate training.

International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization
The International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization (ITCILO) is the training arm of the International Labour Organization (ILO). It runs training, learning and capacity development services for governments, employers' organizations, workers' organizations and other national and international partners in support of Decent Work and sustainable development. It is part of the United Nations System.
Ihar Lednik
Ihar Aleksandrovich Lednik (Belarusian: Ігар Аляксандравіч Леднік; 12 December 1960 – c. 20 February 2024) was a Belarusian opposition activist and political prisoner. In 2022, he was sentenced to three years imprisonment for the "defamation" of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko in an article in the newspaper of the Belarusian Social Democratic Party (BSDP). His health severely deteriorated while he was in prison and he died in custody after undergoing surgery for an issue involving his gastrointestinal tract.

Belarusian opposition
The Belarusian opposition consists of groups and individuals in Belarus seeking to challenge, from 1988 to 1991, the authorities of Soviet Belarus, and since 1995, the leader of the country Alexander Lukashenko, whom supporters of the movement often consider to be a dictator. Supporters of the movement tend to call for a parliamentary democracy based on a Western model, with freedom of speech and political and religious pluralism. The opposition movement vary in political ideology, ranging from liberals, socialists, anarchists, and Polish minority activists to Belarusian nationalists.
Vífill
Vífill (Old Norse: [ˈwiːvelː]; Modern Icelandic: [ˈviːvɪtl̥]) is the name of different minor characters who appear in several Old Norse sources:

Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar (the paternal grandfather of the protagonist in the story)

Hrólfs saga kraka ok kappa hans (saves the lives of young Hroðgar and his brother Halga)

Landnámabók

Kálfsvísa (appears to be one of king Onela's warriors, and a comrade of Weohstan)

Eiríks saga rauða

Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka

Orvar-Odd's saga (mentioned in Hjalmar's death song)

Weohstan
Weohstan, Wēohstān or Wīhstān (Proto-Norse *Wīhastainaz, meaning "sacred stone", Old Norse: Vésteinn [ˈweːˌstɛinː] and Wǣstēn) is a legendary character who appears in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf, and scholars have pointed out that he also appears to be present in the Norse Kálfsvísa.

In both Beowulf and Kálfsvísa, Weohstan (Vésteinn) fought for his king Onela (Áli) against Eadgils (Aðils).
2016 Pakistan Cup
The 2016 Pakistan Cup was a five-team limited overs (one-day) cricket tournament that took place in Faisalabad, Punjab, from 19 April to 1 May 2016. It was contested by teams representing Pakistan's four provinces and the capital. Squads for the tournament were selected based on a draft system.

Sarfraz Ahmed, Shoaib Malik, Younis Khan, Azhar Ali and Misbah-Ul-Haq led the sides from Sindh, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and Islamabad. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa won the tournament after defeating Punjab in the final by 151 runs.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team was a domestic cricket team in Pakistan representing the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It competed in domestic first-class, List A and T20 cricket tournaments, namely the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Pakistan Cup and National T20 Cup. The team was operated by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cricket Association.