hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grace Gemberling
Grace Thorp Gemberling (July 31, 1903 – December 26, 1997) was an American artist known for the broad range of her subjects in paintings having a pronounced psychological as well as aesthetic impact. One critic said they conveyed a mood that was "ethereal, bold and engaged". Another said her work showed "a disciplined hand and a romantic eye" together with "a magical color sense". Known for her control of detail and successful handling of line and blocks of color, she was said to paint in a modernist style that stayed clear of abstraction and was remembered by a teacher and fellow artist as "the finest woman painter in Philadelphia during the 1920s and 1930s".

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.
Hydra AC
Hydra Athletic Club (Arabic: أمل حيدرة), known as Hydra AC or HAC for short, is an Algerian football club based in the Hydra neighbourhood of Algiers. The club was founded in 1936 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Ahmed Fellak Stadium, has a capacity of 4,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Ligue Régional I.

Hydra, Algiers
Hydra (Arabic: حيدرة, ḥaydara, pronounced [ˈħajdara]) is a commune in the province of Algiers, Algeria. It is located in Bir Mourad Raïs district, in the plateau of western Algiers, the wealthier part of the national capital. It was heavily affected during the 11 December 2007 Algiers bombings.

The head office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs is in Hydra.
Supernova (South Korean group)
Supernova (Korean: 슈퍼노바; stylized as SUPERNOVA) is a South Korean boy band formed under Mnet Media in 2006. Their most well-known lineup featured Jung Yunhak, Kim Sungje, Kim Kwangsoo, Yoon Sungmo, Song Jihyuk and Park Geonil. The six members specialized in the areas of singing, dance, acting, rap and pop. Supernova officially debuted on September 21, 2007, with their lead single "Hit" from debut album The Beautiful Stardust.

From 2007 to 2018 they were known in Korean as Choshinsung (Korean: 초신성; RR: Chosinseong; MR: Ch'osinsŏng) and in Japanese as Choshinsei (超新星, Chōshinsei); starting in 2018 they are now known everywhere by the English name, written in all caps Latin script.

Stone Music Entertainment
Stone Music Entertainment (Hangul: 스톤 뮤직 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean music distribution company under CJ ENM, as part of a partnership with the music streaming store Genie Music since 2021. It was one of the largest co-publisher companies in South Korea.

The company was also formerly a music production and management company, which managed artists such as SG Wannabe, Davichi, Roy Kim, Son Ho-young, Eric Nam, Fromis 9, HEDY, and TO1, before the business closed in April 2021.

Under its previous name CJ E&M Music, it was named Music Distributor of the Year at the Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards in 2014.
Gergovie plateau
The Gergovie plateau is a plateau of the Massif Central located 10 km to the south of Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France and is named after the nearby village of Gergovie.  It is the site of the Battle of Gergovia between Vercingetorix and Julius Caesar in 52 BC. It was listed as a site of outstanding historical interest in 2018.

Puy-de-Dôme
Puy-de-Dôme (French: [pɥi də dom] ⓘ; Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the centre of France. In 2021, it had a population of 662,285. Its prefecture is Clermont-Ferrand and subprefectures are Ambert, Issoire, Riom, and Thiers.

Named after the Puy de Dôme dormant volcano, its inhabitants were called Puydedomois in French until 2005. With effect from 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois; this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.
East Week
East Week (Chinese: 東周刊, Jyutping: dung1 zau1 hon1) is a Hong Kong–based weekly Chinese language magazine which was established by Oriental Press Group (the publisher of Oriental Daily News) on 29 October 1992 and sold to the Emperor Group in September 2001. It is now owned by Sing Tao News Corporation (former name: Global China Group Holdings), and published by China Touch Media Solutions & Services Limited.

Oriental Daily News
Oriental Daily News is a Chinese-language newspaper in Hong Kong. It was established in 1969 by Ma Sik-yu and Ma Sik-chun, and was one of the two newspapers published by the Oriental Press Group Limited (Chinese: 東方報業集團有限公司). Relative to other Hong Kong newspapers, Oriental Daily News has an older readership.
1996 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 1996. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.

Michael Chang
Michael Te-pei Chang (born February 22, 1972) is an American former professional tennis player and coach. He was ranked world No. 2 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1996. Chang is the youngest man in history to win a singles major, winning the 1989 French Open at 17 years and 109 days old. He won a total of 34 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including seven Masters titles, and was a three-time major runner-up.

Chang was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2008. He coached Kei Nishikori from 2014 to 2025, and currently coaches Learner Tien.
CertTESOL
The Certificate in TESOL (CertTESOL) is an accredited professional qualification awarded in the teaching of "English for speakers of other languages" (ESOL) by Trinity College London.  It is a commonly taken teaching qualification in the field of English language learning and teaching (ELT). It is one of various TEFL qualifications available. The Trinity CertTESOL is regulated by the UK's Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual) which regulates qualifications, examinations and assessments in England.

Postgraduate diploma
A postgraduate diploma (PgD, PgDip, PGDip, PG Dip., PGD, Dipl. PGD) is a postgraduate qualification at the level of a master's degree, awarded after a university degree, which supplements the original degree and awards them with a graduate diploma. The minimum requirement of completing a bachelor's degree is necessary to start the postgraduate course. The duration of a postgraduate course can vary from 1 year to 2 years.

Countries that award postgraduate diplomas include but are not limited to Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. Level of education and recognition differ per issuing country.
Tanaproget
Tanaproget (INN; developmental code names NSP-989, WAY-166989) is an investigational nonsteroidal progestin. It is a high affinity, high efficacy, and very selective agonist of the progesterone receptor (PR). Due to its much more selective binding profile relative to most conventional, steroidal progestins, tanaproget may prove to produce fewer side effects in comparison. As of December 2010, it is in phase II clinical trials in the process of being developed for clinical use as a contraceptive by Ligand Pharmaceuticals.

An analog of tanaproget, 4-fluoropropyltanaproget (18F), has been developed as a radiotracer for imaging of the PR in positron emission tomography.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
Red Faction II
Red Faction II is a 2002 first-person shooter video game developed by Volition and published by THQ for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, Windows and Xbox. It is the sequel to Red Faction and the second installment in the Red Faction series. The game changed the direction of the first game by introducing a greater emphasis on action and a new setting on Earth, rather than Mars.

The game was later ported to the PlayStation 4 by Plaion on the PlayStation Store and released in August of 2017.

Plaion
Plaion GmbH (formerly Koch Media) is an Austrian media company headquartered in Höfen, Tyrol, with an additional office in Planegg, Germany. It was founded in 1994 by Franz Koch and Klemens Kundratitz. The company operates video game publishing labels Deep Silver, Prime Matter and Ravenscourt, the video game developers Warhorse Studios and Milestone, as well as a film distribution arm, Plaion Pictures. Koch Media's parent company, Koch Media Holding, was acquired by Swedish holding company Embracer Group (then known as THQ Nordic AB) in February 2018.
Athol Hospital
Athol Hospital (formerly Athol Memorial Hospital) is a small 25-bed community hospital located in Athol, Massachusetts.

Athol Hospital was founded in 1950 through an effort by members of the community and local businesses to establish a hospital in their town, helped by a donation of land by local inventor Addison Sawyer. The hospital itself was named in memory of soldiers from Athol who were killed in action during World War II.

In 2013, following a period of financial difficulty in which the hospital had four days of cash on hand and only one bed in use, Athol Memorial Hospital merged with Heywood Hospital of Gardner, forming Heywood Healthcare. The hospital was renamed Athol Hospital following the merger.

While the hospital remains open, its future is uncertain following Heywood Healthcare's 2023 filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Gardner, Massachusetts
Gardner is a city in Worcester County in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. The population was 21,287 in the 2020 census. Gardner is home of such sites as the Blue Moon Diner, Dunn State Park, Gardner Heritage State Park, and Mount Wachusett Community College.
Electronic communication network
An electronic communication network (ECN) is a type of computerized forum or network that facilitates the trading of financial products outside traditional stock exchanges. An ECN is generally an electronic system accessed by an electronic trading platform that widely disseminates orders entered by market makers to third parties and permits the orders to be executed against them in whole or in part. The primary products that are traded on ECNs are stocks and currencies. ECNs are generally passive computer-driven networks that internally match limit orders and charge a very small per share transaction fee (often a fraction of a cent per share).

The first ECN, Instinet, was created in 1969. ECNs increase competition among trading firms by lowering transaction costs, giving clients full access to their order books, and offering order matching outside traditional exchange hours. ECNs are sometimes also referred to as alternative trading systems or alternative trading networks.

Market maker
A market maker or liquidity provider is a company or an individual that quotes both a buy and a sell price in a tradable asset held in inventory, hoping to make a profit on the difference, which is called the bid–ask spread or turn. This stabilizes the market, reducing price variation (volatility) by setting a trading price range for the asset.

In U.S. markets, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission defines a "market maker" as a firm that stands ready to buy and sell stock on a regular and continuous basis at a publicly quoted price. A Designated Primary Market Maker (DPM) is a specialized market maker approved by an exchange to guarantee a buy or sell position in a particular assigned security, option, or option index.
Tootsie Roll
Tootsie Roll (/ˈtʊtsi/) is a chocolate taffy candy that has been manufactured in the United States since 1907. The candy has qualities similar to both caramels and taffy without being exactly either confection. The manufacturer, Tootsie Roll Industries, is based in Chicago, Illinois. It was the first penny candy to be individually wrapped in America.

Tootsie Roll Industries (name adopted in 1966) is one of the largest candy manufacturers in the world. Over 65 million Tootsie Rolls are made daily. According to the company website, the original recipe calls for the inclusion of the previous day's batch, "a graining process that Tootsie continues to this day."

Caramel
Caramel (/ˈkærəˌmɛl/, /ˈkærəməl/ or (US) /ˈkɑːrməl/) is a range of food ingredients made by heating sugars to high temperatures. It is used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons or candy bars, as a topping for ice cream and custard, and as a colorant commonly used in drinks.

The process of caramelization primarily consists of heating sugars slowly to around 170 °C (340 °F). As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic colour and flavour.

A variety of sweets, desserts, toppings, and confections are made with caramel, including tres leches cake, brittles, nougats, pralines, flan, crème brûlée, crème caramel, and caramel apples. Ice creams are sometimes flavored with or contain swirls of caramel.
Ajrim
Ajrim is a ravine in Afghanistan. It is said to be crossed by the road from Kholm (Tashkurghan) to Khanabad east of Khairabad. There is a small stream of water there which while brackish had been drinkable. A road runs through it from Khairabad over the Tash Bel where it joins another road. There are no permanent inhabitants of the ravine. It was thought to be the base of a group of Arab nomads of the Haibak district in the early 20th century. There is also currently a village of the same name, located about 12 miles from Saripul.

Aybak, Samangan
Aybak or Aibak (Pashto, Dari: ایبک), known in ancient times as Eukratidia (Ancient Greek: Εὐκρατιδία), is a city in northern Afghanistan, serving as the capital of Samangan Province. It is within the jurisdiction of Aybak District and has an estimated population of 130,409 people.

As an ancient town and major Buddhist center during the 4th and 5th centuries under the then Kushan rulers, it has the ruins of that period at a place known now as Takht-e Rostam, which is located on a hill above the town.

Due to its location, Aibak has been influenced by Persian, Buddhist, Islamic and Turkic peoples. In the past, it was significant because of its position on the main line of communication between Kabul and Afghan Turkestan.
Zuytdorp Cliffs
The Zuytdorp Cliffs extend for about 150 kilometres (93 mi) along a rugged, spectacular and little visited segment of the Western Australian Indian Ocean coast. The cliffs extend from just south of the mouth of the Murchison River at Kalbarri, to Pepper Point south of Steep Point. The cliffs are situated in both the Gascoyne and Mid West regions of the state.

At the highest point, near Womerangee Hill, the top of the cliffs are 250 metres (820 ft) above the sea. They are named after Zuytdorp, a trading ship of the Dutch East India Company that was wrecked against the cliffs in 1712.

Murchison River (Western Australia)
The Murchison River is the second longest river in Western Australia. It flows for about 820 km (510 mi) from the southern edge of the Robinson Ranges to the Indian Ocean at Kalbarri. The Murchison-Yalgar-Hope river system is the longest river system in Western Australia. It has a mean annual flow of 208 gigalitres, although in 2006, the peak year on record since 1967, flow was 1,806 gigalitres.
Vilnius Airport railway station
Vilnius Airport Railway Station is a railway station in Vilnius International Airport, Lithuania, which was opened on 2 October 2008. As for 2019, railbuses running between Vilnius Airport and Vilnius Central Station are the only passenger service of the station and are the fastest (7 min) and the cheapest (€0.80) way to go from the airport to the city centre, but there are only 7 trains during the day with intervals from 30 min to 5 h 45 min. Vilnius airport is one of the two airports in the Baltic states to have a direct rail connection with the city centre (the other one being Tallinn Airport, which since September 2017 has a direct tram connection to Tallinn downtown (with intervals of 6 minutes, journey taking by 19 minutes).

Tallinn Airport
Tallinn Airport (IATA: TLL, ICAO: EETN) is the largest international airport in Estonia. The airport is also officially called Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport (Estonian: Lennart Meri Tallinna lennujaam) after the former president of Estonia Lennart Meri.

The airport is located 2.7 nautical miles (5.0 km; 3.1 mi) southeast of the city centre of Estonian capital Tallinn, on the eastern shore of Lake Ülemiste. Until 2009, it was known as Tallinn Ülemiste Airport. The airport has a single asphalt/concrete runway, 08/26, that is 3,480 m × 45 m (11,417 ft × 148 ft) and large enough to handle wide-bodied aircraft such as the Boeing 747, six taxiways and seventeen terminal gates.
Baltic Unity Day
Baltic Unity day or Day of Baltic Unity (Lithuanian: Baltų vienybės diena, Latvian: Baltu vienības diena) is a commemorative day celebrated on September 22 in Lithuania and Latvia, as well as Latvian and Lithuanian communities abroad. It was recognized as such in 2000 by both the Seimas of Lithuania and Saeima of Latvia commemorating the 1236 Battle of Saule, where the joint pagan Samogitian and Semigallian forces decisively defeated the Livonian Brothers of the Sword.

The day is marked with various events all over Latvia and Lithuania, with the main events taking place in one city on a rotating basis: Rokiškis (2015), Liepāja (2016), Palanga (2017), and Jelgava (2018). In 2017 a special "Balts' Award" was established to be awarded to individuals for the promotion of Latvian and Lithuanian languages, literature, and historic research. In 2018, Latvian Lithuanian professor and linguist Laimute Balode became the first recipient of the prize.

Livonian Brothers of the Sword
The order of Livonian Brothers of the Sword or Sword Brethren (German: Schwertbrüderorden), formally known as The Militia of Christ of Livonia  (Latin: Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae) was a Catholic military order of German crusading knights established in 1202 in Livonia by Albert, the third bishop of Riga. Pope Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204 for the second time.

The membership of the crusading order comprised warrior monks, mostly from northern Germany, who fought Baltic and Finnic pagans in the area of modern-day Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Following their defeat by the Samogitians and Semigallians in the Battle of Saule in 1236, the remnants of the order were disbanded by the Pope in 1237 when some of the surviving sword brethren were allowed to return to Germany and those who opted to stay in "Terra Mariana" (Livonia) were accepted into the local branch of the Teutonic Order.
2017 Liga 3 Papua
The 2017 Liga 3 Papua (also known as Piala Gubernur Papua 2017) is the third edition of Liga 3 Papua as a qualifying round for the national round of 2017 Liga 3. Persintan Intan Jaya are the defending champions.

The competition scheduled starts on 24 May 2017.

Liga Nusantara
Liga Nusantara (English: Archipelago League), officially known as PNM Liga Nusantara for sponsorship reasons, is the third-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The competition started in 2014 after PSSI merged the previous competitions, Liga Indonesia Second Division and Liga Indonesia Third Division. The competition was previously organized in two phases, with the provincial phase operated by PSSI Provincial Associations, where each province held its own regional competition, followed by the national phase operated by PSSI, where the top teams from each province competed at the national level.

Starting from the 2024–25 season, the competition is organized on a national level with teams divided into several groups based on geographical factors and is now operated by the I-League.
The Flight Engineer
The Flight Engineer is a trilogy of science fiction novels, which can be defined as space opera, by S. M. Stirling and James Doohan and published by Baen Books.  It consists of The Rising (published in 1996),  The Privateer (1999) and The Independent Command (2000).

S. M. Stirling
Stephen Michael Stirling (born September 30, 1953) is a Canadian-American science fiction and fantasy author who was born in France. Stirling is the  author of the Draka series of alternate history novels, the  later time travel/alternate history Nantucket series and the Emberverse series.
Drexel Park station
Drexel Park station (also known as Fairfax Road) is a SEPTA Metro D stop in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania. It is located on Fairfax Road between Hillcrest and Garrett Roads and serves both the D1 and D2. Only local service is provided on both lines.

Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania and either Orange Street in Media, Pennsylvania for the D1, or Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania for the D2. Despite the name, the closest thing to a park at this stop is located further north at Arlington Cemetery of Drexel Hill. Because the stop is in a residential area, there is no parking available.

This community was named as one of the top ten neighborhoods in the Philadelphia area by PhillyMag.com.

Media, Pennsylvania
Media is a borough in and the county seat of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located about 13 miles (21 km) west of Philadelphia. It is part of the Delaware Valley, also known as the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

Media was incorporated in 1850 at the same time that it was named the county seat. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,991.
Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software
These lists include projects which release at least some of their software under open-source licenses and are related to artificial intelligence projects. These include software libraries, frameworks, platforms, and tools used for machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, computer vision, reinforcement learning, artificial general intelligence, and more.

Caffe (software)
Caffe (Convolutional Architecture for Fast Feature Embedding) is a deep learning framework, originally developed at University of California, Berkeley. It is open source, under a BSD license. It is written in C++, with a Python interface.