hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Akhbar (Shia Islam)
In Twelver Shia Islam, Akhbar refers to the transmission of hadith, which are traditions regarding the actions and teachings of Muhammad, and his twelve successors. It is the foundation of Akhbari Twelver Shia Islam, which uses it to give rulings for fiqh – Islamic religious law.

Twelve Imams
The Twelve Imams (Arabic: ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر, al-ʾAʾimmah al-ʾIthnā ʿAšar; Persian: دوازده امام, Davâzdah Emâm) are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, including that of the Alawite and Alevi.

According to Twelver theology, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the community with justice, but also are able to keep and interpret sharia and the esoteric meaning of the Quran. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and sin (known as ismah, or infallibility) and must be chosen by divine decree through Muhammad.
Fremont School
Fremont School, also known as Freemont School, is a historic elementary school building located in Spartanburg, Spartanburg County, South Carolina.  It was built in 1915, and is a two-story, brick Classical Revival style building with a partially raised basement, and a major addition built in 1926.  It features decorative brickwork, terra cotta ornamentation, and entrance porticoes. The building housed an elementary school from 1915 to 1979.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Spartanburg County, South Carolina
Spartanburg County is a county located on the northwestern border of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 327,997, making it the fifth-most populous county in South Carolina. Its county seat is Spartanburg. Spartanburg County is the largest county within the Spartanburg, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.
Garrick Utley
Clifton Garrick Utley (November 19, 1939 – February 20, 2014) was an American television journalist. He established his career reporting about the Vietnam War and has the distinction of being the first full-time television correspondent covering the war on-site.

Broadcast journalism
Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds.
Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.

President of the Senate
President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate. It corresponds to the speaker in some other assemblies.

The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's succession for its top executive office: for example, the president of the Senate of Nigeria is second in line for series to the presidency, after only the vice president of the Federal Republic, while in France, which has no vice president, the Senate president is first in line to succeed to the presidential powers and duties.

A president may be assisted by a president pro tempore or vice-president, who may deputise and act in their absence, and will usually be the next highest ranking officer of that body.
Alexander Bissett
Alexander Bissett was an Irish Anglican priest in the 18th century.

Bissett was born at Newport, Isle of Wight and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was the incumbent at Kilmore;Prebendary of Ballymore in Armagh Cathedral from 1757 to 1759; and Archdeacon of Connor from 1759 until his death.

His son was Bishop of Raphoe from 1822 to 1834.

Ballymore, County Armagh
Ballymore (from Irish An Baile Mór, meaning 'the large town, settlement') is a civil parish in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Orior Lower. Ballymore is also the name of a townland, of 676 acres, within the civil parish.
Brinsley
Brinsley is a village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England. The church of St James was built in 1837–38 using Bunter sandstone from Mansfield quarries, the chancel being added in 1877.

The village is split into two sections, Old Brinsley which is within Broxtowe and New Brinsley which is in Ashfield. At the 2011 census the population of the parish was 2,327, dropping to 2,284 by the 2021 census.

The former headstocks were the last remaining examples of tandem, timber construction.

Tandem
Tandem, or in tandem, is an arrangement in which two or more animals, machines, or people are lined up one behind another, all facing in the same direction. Tandem can also be used more generally to refer to any group of persons or objects working together, not necessarily in line.

The English word tandem derives from the Latin adverb tandem, meaning at length or finally. It is a word play, using the Latin phrase (referring to time, not position) for English "at length, lengthwise".
Chuck Gatschenberger
Chuck Gatschenberger (born February 28, 1956) is a Republican politician. He was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives, representing the 13th District which encompasses portions of Warren and St. Charles counties. He was first elected to the Missouri House in November, 2008. In 2014, Gatschenberger ran for the Missouri Senate and lost to Dr. Bob Onder in the Republican primary.

Missouri Senate
The Missouri Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the lower chamber being the Missouri House of Representatives. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 181,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years. The Senate chooses a President Pro Tempore to serve in the absence of the lieutenant governor or when he shall have to exercise the office of governor of Missouri if there is a vacancy in that office due to death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacitation.

Members of the Missouri General Assembly are prohibited from serving more than eight years in either the state house of representatives or state senate, or a total of sixteen years, due to statutory term limits.
2024 Ningbo Open
The 2024 Ningbo Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th women's edition of the Ningbo International Tennis Open. It took place at the Yinzhou Tennis Center in Ningbo, China, from 14 to 20 October 2024. The tournament was originally scheduled to take place from 16 to 22 September as a WTA 250 tournament on the 2024 WTA Tour, but it was upgraded to a WTA 500 tournament and moved to October to fill the vacancy generated by the cancellation of the Zhengzhou Open.

WTA 500 tournaments
WTA 500 tournaments is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 500 tournaments' prize money was approximately $500,000. Since then, prize money awarded by WTA 500 events has grown less uniform, with one tournament's prize money rising to as much as $1.5 million.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 500. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 250 for winning a WTA 250 tournament.
Eito
Eito is a village in the northeastern part of the island of Santo Antão, Cape Verde, part of the municipality of Paul. It is situated 1 km southwest of Pombas, 2 km northeast of Figueiral and 15 km northeast of the island capital Porto Novo. Its population was 979 in 2010.

Porto Novo, Cape Verde
Porto Novo is a city in the island of Santo Antão, in Cape Verde. It is the seat of the Porto Novo municipality. At the 2010 census, the town had 9,310 inhabitants, which makes it the most populous settlement of the island.
Shakhov
Shakhov (Russian: Шахов) is a masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Shakhova. Notable persons with that name include:

Mikhail Shakhov (1931–2018), Ukrainian wrestler

Ninel Shakhova (1935–2005), Russian television journalist

Vitali Shakhov (born 1991), Russian footballer

Yevhen Shakhov (disambiguation), multiple persons
Yevhen Shakhov (footballer born 1962), Soviet-Ukrainian football player and coach
Yevhen Shakhov (footballer born 1990), Ukrainian footballer, son of the above

Ninel Shakhova
Ninel Vladimirovna Shakhova (Russian: Нинель Владимировна Шахова; 10 January 1935 – 8 March 2005) was a Russian television journalist. She was a correspondent at the Rodina radio station that broadcast to Soviets living abroad and was then a cultural commentator on the Vremya news bulletin between 1971 and 1992. Shakhova was a recipient of both the Order of the Badge of Honour and the Honoured Cultural Worker of the RSFSR.
1975 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship
The 1975 Asian Men's Volleyball Championship was the inaugural staging of the Asian Men's Volleyball Championship, a quadrennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Australia Volleyball Federation (AVF). The tournament was held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 to 28 August 1975.

Asian Volleyball Confederation
The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is one of five continental governing bodies in volleyball. It governs indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, and other disciplines in Asia and Oceania, excluding the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey, as well as the West Asian countries of Armenia, Cyprus, and Israel. The AVC consists of 65 national association members.

The AVC consists of the national volleyball federations of Asia and Oceania, and club competitions including the Asian Volleyball Championships, Nations Cup, and Champions League, and also controls the prize money, regulations, as well as media rights to those competitions.

Masaichi Nishikawa acted as the first president. The current president is Ramon Suzara, a Philippine National Volleyball Federation president, who was elected as AVC's ninth president at the 25th AVC General Assembly in Bangkok in August 2024.
Galena, Oregon
Galena is an unincorporated community in Grant County, Oregon, United States, about 20 miles (32 km) from Austin Junction in the Blue Mountains. It is on the Middle Fork John Day River in the Malheur national forest. The former gold mining camp is considered a ghost town.

The locale was settled in 1865 as a mining community on the Middle Fork John Day River near its confluence with Elk Creek. The town was named Susanville after one of the earliest inhabitants, Susan Ward.

Galena post office was established in 1901 when a group of miners were able to get the Susanville post office moved from the current site of Galena two miles up Elk Creek to their mine. The new post office was named for a body of galena ore in the area, and the town was renamed as well. The mines were worked extensively in the 1860s and were still active in 1940.

Austin Junction, Oregon
Austin Junction is an unincorporated community in Grant County, Oregon, United States. It is at the intersection of U.S. Route 26 and Oregon Route 7, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Austin in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest. The Austin House, a combination café, grocery store, gas station and tavern at this location is named after an early business in nearby Austin. The business is located on Forest Service land and operates with a special-use permit. Austin Junction has a Bates, Oregon mailing address. The elevation is 4,236 feet (1291 m).
Jan Piotr Sapieha
Jan Piotr Sapieha (English: John Peter Sapieha; 1569–1611) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman, general, politician, diplomat, governor of Uświat county, member of the Parliament and a skilled commander of the Polish troops stationing in the Moscow Kremlin.

Sapieha was a participant in the Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611; he brought a private regiment of 100 Cossacks and commanded the right wing of the Polish–Lithuanian army during the famous Battle of Kircholm in 1605, consisting of 400 winged hussars and 700 mounted Cossacks. He also participated in the Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618, where he commanded the failed siege of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra in 1608 and later fought anti-Polish Muscovite forces near Moscow, led by Prokopy Lyapunov. He died suddenly on 15 October, during the siege of the Moscow Kremlin.

Known for his ruthlessness towards the Russian peoples, he was nicknamed Pan Hetman, literally meaning Mr General.

Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)
The Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611) was a continuation of struggle between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over control of Livonia and Estonia, as well as the dispute over the Swedish throne between Charles IX of Sweden and Sigismund III of Poland. After skirmishes, sieges and battles often aborted by Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, a truce was signed until the later invasion by the Russians.
Jesse Rothstein
Jesse Rothstein is an economist, and currently professor of public policy and economics at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2010, he was chief economist at the US Department of Labor.  He is the founding director of the California Policy Lab, a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and is a member of the editorial boards of Education Finance and Policy, The Review of Economics and Statistics, American Economic Review, and Industrial Relations.

The Review of Economics and Statistics
The Review of Economics and Statistics is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers applied economics, with specific relevance to the scope of econometrics. The editors-in-chief are Will Dobbie (Harvard University) and Raymond Fisman (Boston University). The journal is over 100 years old.
Karl Tu'inukuafe
George Zvi Karl Tu'inukuafe (born 21 February 1993) is a retired  New Zealand rugby union player who played for the Blues in Super Rugby, and for North Harbour in the National Provincial Championship. He also represented the New Zealand national team on 27 occasions. His position of choice is loosehead prop.

He has previously represented the Chiefs in Super Rugby and Narbonne in the French Rugby Pro Division 2. Tu'inukuafe was also a nominee for World Rugby's Breakthrough Player of the Year award in 2018.

Pro D2
The Pro D2 is the second tier of rugby union club competition division in France. It is operated by Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR) which also runs the division directly above, the first division Top 14. Pro D2 was introduced in 2000. It is the world's best-supported second-tier rugby union league.
Shire of Maffra
The Shire of Maffra was a local government area about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-northwest of Sale, the major regional centre in central Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 4,167.43 square kilometres (1,609.1 sq mi), and existed from 1875 until 1994.

Sale, Victoria
Sale is a city situated in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia and the council capital of the Shire of Wellington. It had an estimated population of 15,305 in 2022 according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The total population including the immediate area around the town is approximately 19,000 according to shire website.
Heinrichsburg
Heinrichsburg refers to:

in Germany

Heinrichsburg (Biberach), a castle near Biberach in Baden-Württemberg

Heinrichsburg (Gernrode), a castle near Gernrode in Saxony-Anhalt

Heinrichsburg (Harz), a ruined castle near Neustadt im Harz, Lower Saxony

Lichtenberg Castle (Salzgitter), a ruined castle near Salzgitter in Lower Saxony

in Poland:

Heinrichsburg (Poland), a castle near Staniszów in Powiat Jeleniogórski in the Voivodship of Lower Silesia

See also: Heinrichsberg (disambiguation)

Karkonosze County
Karkonosze County (Polish: powiat karkonoski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998.

The county covers an area  of 628.2 square kilometres (242.5 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the city of Jelenia Góra, although this city is not part of the county (it forms a separate city county, which is an enclave within Karkonosze County). There are four towns within the county: Karpacz, Szklarska Poręba, Kowary and Piechowice. The first two of these are major ski resorts.

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 63,639, out of which the population of the towns totals 28,213 and the rural population is 35,426.

Until July 2020 it was named Jelenia Góra County (Polish: powiat jeleniogórski). The change formally took effect on January 1, 2021. The current name references the Karkonosze Mountains.
Cepola haastii
Cepola haastii is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cepolidae, the bandfishes. It is found on the inner continental shelf around New Zealand.  Its length is between 15 and 25 cm. This species is known as the red bandfish, a name given to most of the other members of the genus Cepola, especially the European species, Cepola macrophthalma.

Bandfish
The bandfishes, family Cepolidae, are 23 species of marine ray-finned fishes, They are native to the East Atlantic and Indo-Pacific where they dig burrows in sandy or muddy seabeds and eat zooplankton.
Oyster Farmer
Oyster Farmer is a 2004 Australian romantic comedy/drama film about a 24 year old man who runs away to the Hawkesbury River and finds a job with eighth-generation oyster farmers. It was written and directed by Anna Reeves, produced by Anthony Buckley and Piers Tempest, and stars Alex O'Loughlin and Diana Glenn. The film was both set and filmed in the Hawkesbury River region, Sydney.

Oyster farming
Oyster farming is an aquaculture (or mariculture) practice in which oysters are bred and raised mainly for their pearls, shells and inner organ tissue, which is eaten. Oyster farming was practiced by the ancient Romans as early as the 1st century BC on the Italian peninsula and later in Britain for export to Rome. The French oyster industry has relied on aquacultured oysters since the late 18th century.
WBSL-FM
WBSL-FM (91.7 FM) is a high school radio station broadcasting a variety music format. Licensed to Sheffield, Massachusetts, United States.  The station is owned by The Berkshire School, Inc.

WBSL, founded in 1973 by Berkshire School faculty member Tom Dixon, is on the air weekdays from 7 to 8:00 a.m. and weekday and Sunday evenings from 7:00 to 11:00 when school is in session. During those times when students and faculty are not on the air, WBSL transmits the signal of National Public Radio affiliate WHDD-FM in nearby Sharon, Connecticut, giving WBSL 24-hour airtime. Programs simulcast from WHDD include All Things Considered and the BBC World Service, as well as local coverage.

Notable broadcasters who began their career at WBSL include longtime San Francisco jazz programmer and morning host Roger Coryell.

All Things Considered
All Things Considered (ATC) is the flagship news program produced by National Public Radio (NPR). It was the first news program on NPR, premiering on May 3, 1971. It is broadcast live on NPR affiliated stations in the United States, and worldwide through several different outlets. All Things Considered and Morning Edition were the highest rated public radio programs in the United States in 2002 and 2005. The show combines news, analysis, commentary, interviews, and special features, and its segments vary in length and style. ATC airs weekdays from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time (live) or Pacific Time (recorded with some updates; in Hawaii it airs as a fully recorded program) or from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central Time. ATC's weekend counterpart airs on Saturdays and Sundays.
Stephen G. Olmstead
Stephen Goodwin Olmstead (10 November 1929 – 20 July 2022) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with a rank of Lieutenant General. His last assignment was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Drug Policy and Enforcement and the Director of the Department of Defense Task Force on Drug Enforcement.

2nd Marine Division
The 2nd Marine Division (2nd MARDIV) is a division of the United States Marine Corps, which forms the ground combat element of the II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF). The division is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and headquartered at Julian C. Smith Hall.

The 2nd Marine Division earned renown in World War II, distinguishing itself at Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Saipan, Tinian, and Okinawa.
Podraga
Podraga (pronounced [pɔˈdɾaːɡa]) is a village in the upper Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Vipava in the traditional Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It is now generally regarded as part of the Slovenian Littoral.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saints Hermagoras and Fortunatus and belongs to the Koper Diocese.

Hermagoras of Aquileia
Hermagoras of Aquileia (also spelled Hermenagoras, Hermogenes, Ermacoras) (Italian: Sant'Ermagora, Friulian: Sant Macôr or Sant Ramacul, Slovene: sveti Mohor; fl. 3rd century – c. 305) is considered the first bishop of Aquileia, northern Italy. Christian tradition states that he was chosen by Mark to serve as the leader of the nascent Christian community in Aquileia, and that he was consecrated bishop by Peter. Hermagoras and his deacon Fortunatus (Italian: San Fortunato, Friulian: San Fortunât, Slovene: sveti Fortunat) evangelized the area but were eventually arrested by Sebastius, a representative of Nero. They were tortured and beheaded.
Hwanggan station
Hwanggan station is a railway station in Yeongdong County, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It is located on the Gyeongbu Line that runs between Seoul and Busan. The station opened on 1 January 1905, and has an average of 200 passengers per day.

The famous places around Hwanggan are Minjuji mountain, Wollyu-bong, Baekhwa mountain, Banya temple, and Mulhan Valley, which are popular places for many users. Grapes, walnuts, and persimmons are famous for their local specialties.

Gyeongbu Line
The Gyeongbu line (Gyeongbuseon) is a railway line in South Korea and is considered to be the most important and one of the oldest in the country. It was constructed in 1905, connecting Seoul with Busan via Suwon, Daejeon, and Daegu. It is by far the most heavily travelled rail line in South Korea.

All types of high-speed, express, local, and freight trains provide frequent service along its entire length.