hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alan Barkun
Alan N. Barkun is a Canadian gastroenterologist, clinician-scientist, and professor of medicine at McGill University. He specializes in gastroenterology and therapeutic endoscopy, with an academic focus on the management of gastrointestinal bleeding and evaluating new endoscopic technologies. Barkun serves as the Director of Digestive Endoscopy at the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) and holds the Douglas G. Kinnear Chair in Gastroenterology at McGill. Over his career, he has published hundreds of scientific articles and helped develop clinical practice guidelines in gastroenterology, earning multiple national and international awards for his contributions.

Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types. Crohn's disease affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon and the rectum.
Salvadoraceae
Salvadoraceae is a family in the plant order Brassicales, consisting of three genera with a total of 11 known species. They occur in Africa (including Madagascar), Southeast Asia, and on Java, suggesting they are probably found in much of Malesia. They are often found in hot, dry areas.

Salvadoraceae was previously placed in order Celastrales, but is now placed in Brassicales.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Laurin Pepper
Hugh McLaurin Pepper III (January 18, 1930 – February 4, 2018) was an American Major League Baseball player, All-American football player, and high school football coach. Born in Vaughan, Mississippi, he is a member of the University of Southern Mississippi Hall of Fame and was a charter member of the school's Legends Club, as well as the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame. He was twice honored by the Mississippi State Legislature—once for his playing career at USM and once for his achievements as a high school football coach in Ocean Springs.

Mississippi Legislature
The Mississippi Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The bicameral Legislature is composed of the lower Mississippi House of Representatives, with 122 members, and the upper Mississippi State Senate, with 52 members. Both representatives and senators serve four-year terms without term limits. The Legislature convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson.
Topical humor
The topical humor and topical jokes is humor framed around a specific topic related to current events or dealing with  issues that are important or popular at the current time. The value of this kind of humor often diminishes when the topic is no longer widely discussed in public.

Besides jokes, topical humor may be in forms of news parody, "Top 10" lists, demotivators, cartoons, etc. Sometimes old jokes may be turned into topical ones due to the newly acquired salience.

Liisi Laineste of Estonian Literary Museum writes that topical jokes and news parodies emphasize the need to look critically at the flow of the news.

Estonian Literary Museum
The Estonian Literary Museum (ELM; Estonian: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum), is a national research institute of the Ministry of Education and Research of the Republic of Estonia. Its mission is to improve the cultural heritage of Estonia, to collect, preserve, research and publish the results. The current Head of the Estonian Literary Museum is Piret Voolaid.
Rivière à l'Ours (Minganie)
The Ours River (French: Rivière à l'Ours, Bear River) is a tributary of Gulf of Saint Lawrence, flowing in the municipality of Havre-Saint-Pierre, in the Minganie Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in the Province of Quebec, Canada.

Except for the route 138 serving the lower part of the Bear River, this valley is served by winter snowmobile routes.

The surface of the Bear River is usually frozen from the beginning of November to the end of April, except the rapids areas; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of November to the beginning of April.
.

Côte-Nord
Côte-Nord (Region 09) (French: [kot nɔʁ], Quebec French: [kou̯t nɑɔ̯ʁ]; lit. 'North Coast') is an administrative region of Quebec, on the Quebec-Labrador Peninsula, Canada.

The region runs along the St. Lawrence River and then the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from Tadoussac to the limits of Labrador, leaning against the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean to the west, the Côte-Nord penetrates deep into Northern Quebec.

With the motto: Between nature and grandeur, the Côte-Nord is made up of 99% public land, it is the second largest region after Nord-du-Québec, which occupies 51% of Quebec's territory.
Virtual goods
Virtual goods are non-physical objects and money purchased for use in online communities or online games. Digital goods, on the other hand, may be a broader category including digital books, music, and movies. Virtual goods are a subclass of intangible goods.

Including digital gifts and digital clothing for avatars, virtual goods may be classified as services instead of goods and are usually sold by companies that operate social networking services, community sites, or online games. Sales of virtual goods are sometimes referred to as microtransactions, and the games that use this model are usually referred to as freemium games.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
Asli (surname)
Asli is an Asian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arash Asli, Canadian businessman

Aziz Asli (1938–2015), Iranian football goalkeeper, manager, and actor

Haseri Asli (born 1974), sprinter from Brunei

Aziz Asli
Aziz Aslimanesh (Persian: عزیز اصلی‎; 9 April 1938 – 23 April 2015) was an Iranian football goalkeeper, manager and actor. He played for Daraei F.C. and then joined Persepolis F.C. for the rest of his career. He also capped for Team Melli, where he was part of the team that won the Asian Cup in 1968.

He acted in many films in Iran before the Iranian Islamic Revolution, including Conquerors of the Desert (1971), Keshtye Noah (1968) and Never Without Love (1966).
Chinese Journal of Computers
The Chinese Journal of Computers (simplified Chinese: 计算机学报; traditional Chinese: 計算機學報; pinyin: Jìsuànjī Xuébào) is a Chinese monthly scientific journal published by China Science Publishing & Media and co-sponsored by the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China Computer Federation. The editor-in-chief is Ning-Hui Sun. The journal was established in 1978 as a biannual. In 1979 it switched to a quarterly rhythm and in 1981 to bimonthly. Finally, it changed to a monthly publication in 1987. The journal covers all aspects of computer science and technology, including artificial intelligence, information security, computer networks, multimedia, computer graphics, and other new technologies, with an emphasis on research carried out in China.

China Science Publishing & Media
China Science Publishing & Media (CSPM, traditional Chinese: 科學出版社; simplified Chinese: 科学出版社), also translated into English as Sciences Press, Science Publishing House, or China Science Publishing, is a People's Republic of China-based publishing house, which mainly publishes academic books and journals, headquartered in Beijing.

It is the largest comprehensive scientific, technical and professional publisher in China. 
The Science Press was officially established on 1 August 1954 as the part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, following a merger between the former Compilation and Translation Bureau of Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院编译局) and Longmen United Company (龙门联合书局), which was founded in the 1930s.
Margaret Flory
Margaret "Peg" Flory (born August 2, 1948) is a Republican politician who served in the Vermont Senate from 2011 until 2019, representing the Rutland District. From 1999 to 2010, she served in the Vermont House of Representatives, where she represented the Rutland-6 Representative District.

She did not seek reelection in 2018.

Vermont Senate
The Vermont Senate is the upper house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Vermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is no limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the U.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at the Vermont State House in the state capital of Montpelier.
Siva (river)
The Siva (Russian: Сива) is a river in Udmurt Republic and Perm Krai in Russia, a right-bank tributary of the Kama. The river is 206 kilometres (128 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 4,870 square kilometres (1,880 sq mi). It starts in the Chastinsky District, near the village of Pikhtovka. Then it flows through the Bolshesosnovsky District of Perm Krai and the Votkinsky District of Udmurtia. Its mouth is downstream of the dam of Votkinsk Hydroelectric Station. The Siva freezes up in the second half of October and remains icebound until April.

Chastinsky District
Chastinsky District (Russian: Частинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Chastinsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 1,632 square kilometers (630 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Chastye. Population:  12,817 (2010 Census); 14,675 (2002 Census); 14,791 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Chastye accounts for 37.9% of the district's total population.
Wheeling Park High School
Wheeling Park High School is a public high school in Wheeling, West Virginia, United States. It is the only public high school in the Ohio County School District. Athletic teams compete as the Wheeling Park Patriots in the WVSSAC Class AAA, as well as the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference.

The school opened for the 1976-1977 academic year following the consolidation of Wheeling, Triadelphia, Warwood and West Liberty high schools.

Ohio Valley Athletic Conference
The Ohio Valley Athletic Conference is a high school sports league in parts of southeastern Ohio and northern West Virginia.  The OVAC is the largest conference of its kind in the United States. Schools in the upper Ohio Valley supply over 18,000 athletes in various competitive athletic areas.  The conference was organized in 1943.
2011 Kansas City mayoral election
The 2011 Kansas City mayoral election was held February 22 and March 22, 2011 to elect the mayor of Kansas City, Missouri. It saw the election of Sly James, who unseated incumbent mayor Mark Funkhouser (who was eliminated in the primary).

Sly James
Sylvester "Sly" James, Jr. (born December 9, 1951) is an American politician who served as the 54th mayor of Kansas City, Missouri from 2011 to 2019. James has lived in Kansas City's Union Hill neighborhood. As mayor, he was known for wearing bow ties.
Hendro Kartiko
Hendro Kartiko (born 24 April 1973 in Banyuwangi, East Java) is an Indonesian former footballer who last played with Mitra Kukar. He normally played as a goalkeeper. He also played for the Indonesia national football team.

PS Mitra Kukar
Persatuan Sepakbola Mitra Kutai Kartanegara (simply known as a PS Mitra Kukar) is an Indonesian professional football club based in Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan. They currently compete in the Liga 4.
2019 Abkhazian Premier League
The 2019 Abkhazian Premier League was canceled as there were only four teams registered. For this reason, the Football Federation of Abkhazia created the Victory Cup, to replace this edition of the Abkhazian Premier League.

FC Gagra
FC Gagra (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი გაგრა) is a Georgian professional football club which competes in the Erovnuli Liga, the first tier of Georgian football.

The club has its origins in Gagra, Abkhazia. It was founded in Tbilisi by former player and coach Goderdzi Chikhradze and his cousin in 2004 with a plan to move the club to Gagra in the end, but due to the ongoing Abkhazia conflict the team plays its home games in Tbilisi.

FC Gagra is the only non-top flight Georgian team which has twice won the national cup.
Richard Bonelli
Richard Bonelli (born George Richard Bunn; 6 February 1889 – 7 June 1980) was an American operatic baritone active from 1915 to the late 1970s. Although he sang predominantly on stage in both light and grand operas, he also performed at various times on radio, in concerts and films, as well as on television.

La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
Oebisfelde-Calvörde
Oebisfelde-Calvörde was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the Börde district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was situated east of Wolfsburg. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Oebisfelde. It was disbanded on 1 January 2010.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Oebisfelde-Calvörde consisted of the following municipalities (population in 2006 between brackets):

Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg (German: [ˈvɔlfsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Wulfsborg) is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony. It lies on the river Aller, 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Hanover and 230 kilometres (143 mi) west of Berlin.

Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and, until it was overtaken by Tesla Gigafactory Texas in 2022, the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Ducati, Lamborghini, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, Škoda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century as a planned city. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a home for workers producing the KdF-Wagen until 25 May 1945, the city was called Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben. In 1972, the population first exceeded 100,000. In 2019, the GRP was €188,453 per capita.
Eileen Foley
Helen "Eileen" Foley (née Dondero; February 27, 1918 – February 22, 2016) was an American politician. Foley served as the Mayor of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, eight terms from 1968–1971, 1984–1985, and 1988–1997. She remains the longest-serving mayor in the city's history. She represented the 24th District in the New Hampshire Senate for seven terms, including one term as the Democratic Party Minority Leader.

Foley followed her mother, Mary Dondero, the first woman to become mayor of Portsmouth (1945–47), into politics.

Portraits of Foley and her mother now hang side-by-side in Portsmouth City Hall. Portsmouth's city council chambers have also been renamed in Foley's honor.

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS), often called the Portsmouth Navy Yard, is a United States Navy shipyard on Seavey's Island in Kittery, Maine, bordering Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The naval yard lies along the southern boundary of Maine on the Piscataqua River.

Founded on June 12, 1800, PNS is the U.S. Navy's oldest continuously operating shipyard. Today, most of its work concerns the overhaul, repair, and modernization of submarines.

As of November 2021, the shipyard employed more than 6,500 federal employees. Some of the work is performed by private corporations: Delphinius Engineering of Eddystone, Pennsylvania; Oceaneering International of Chesapeake, Virginia; Orbis Sibro of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina; and Q.E.D. Systems Inc. of Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Henry Powell (Wisconsin politician)
Henry Powell (December 7, 1838 – April 9, 1902) was an American politician.

Born in Worcester, England, he moved to Newport, Wisconsin Territory in 1845 and then Mazomanie, Wisconsin in 1865. He served in the 1st Wisconsin Heavy Artillery Regiment during the American Civil War. He served as justice of the peace, in town government, and on the Dane County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors and the chairman of the board. He served in Wisconsin State Assembly in 1887 as a Republican. He died in Mazomanie, Wisconsin.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Hexokinase I
Hexokinase I, also known as hexokinase A and HK1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HK1 gene on chromosome 10. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes a ubiquitous form of hexokinase which localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency. Alternative splicing of this gene results in five transcript variants which encode different isoforms, some of which are tissue-specific. Each isoform has a distinct N-terminus; the remainder of the protein is identical among all the isoforms. A sixth transcript variant has been described, but due to the presence of several stop codons, it is not thought to encode a protein. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P, sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6. This dianion is very common in cells as the majority of glucose entering a cell will become phosphorylated in this way.

Because of its prominent position in cellular chemistry, glucose 6-phosphate has many possible fates within the cell. It lies at the start of two major metabolic pathways: glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.

In addition to these two metabolic pathways, glucose 6-phosphate may also be converted to glycogen or starch for storage. This storage is in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen for most multicellular animals, and in intracellular starch or glycogen granules for most other organisms.
Music for an Awful Lot of Winds and Percussion
Music for an Awful Lot of Winds and Percussion was released in 1992 by Telarc Records. The album contains one piece by Professor Peter Schickele writing under his own name and several pieces by him as P. D. Q. Bach.

This album won the Grammy Award for best comedy album in 1992. The runners-up were Naked Beneath My Clothes (Rita Rudner), Jonathan Winters is Terminator 3 (Jonathan Winters), An Evening with George Burns (George Burns) and Off the Deep End ("Weird Al" Yankovic).

George Burns
George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum; January 20, 1896 – March 9, 1996) was an American comedian, actor, writer, and singer, and one of the few entertainers whose career successfully spanned vaudeville, radio, film, and television. His arched eyebrow and cigar-smoke punctuation became familiar trademarks. He and his wife Gracie Allen appeared on radio, television and film as the comedy duo Burns and Allen.

At age 79, Burns experienced a sudden career revival as an amiable, beloved, and unusually active comedy elder statesman in the 1975 film The Sunshine Boys, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Protea pityphylla
Protea pityphylla, also known as Ceres sugarbush or mountain rose (along with a number of similar species), is a flowering shrub of the genus Protea, in the family Proteaceae. The plant is endemic to the southwestern Cape Region of South Africa.

Cape Floristic Region
The Cape Floral Region is a floristic region located near the southern tip of South Africa. It is the only floristic region of the Cape Floristic Kingdom, and includes only one floristic province, known as the Cape Floristic Province.

The Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, is an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, and is home to over 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.

Much of this diversity is associated with the fynbos biome, a Mediterranean-type, fire-prone shrubland. The economical worth of fynbos biodiversity, based on harvests of fynbos products (e.g. wildflowers) and eco-tourism, is estimated to be in the region of R77 million (~US$5 million) a year.
Mohammad Nuh
Mohammad Nuh (born 17 June 1959 in Surabaya) is an Indonesian former politician. He is a former Minister of Education and Culture of Indonesia in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

Nuh was born on 17 June 1959 in Surabaya into a large farming family. By profession an electrical engineer, he was educated at Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and Montpellier 2 University, France.

Montpellier 2 University
Montpellier 2 University (Université Montpellier 2) was a French university in the académie of Montpellier. It was one of the three universities formed in 1970 from the original University of Montpellier. In January 2015, Montpellier 1 University and Montpellier 2 University merged to form the University of Montpellier.