hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Château de Chandioux
The Château de Chandioux is a ruined castle in the commune of Maux in the Nièvre département of France.

The castle was built in the 14th century and remodelled in the 15th and 16th centuries. According to Victor Moreau, a window now hidden by vegetation bears the date 1585. Remains of the castle include the lower court, the keep and the gatehouse. It has been listed since 1970 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

According to M. Colas, in around 1786, Jacques de la Ferté-Meun partially demolished the castle to build the Château de Solières or Saulières in the canton of Château-Chinon in the village of Saint-Péreuse.

Château-Chinon (Ville)
Château-Chinon (Ville) (French pronunciation: [ʃɑto ʃinɔ̃ vil] ⓘ) is a commune in the Nièvre department in France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. Historically, it was an important medieval Lordship.

The villages around the town are grouped in another commune named Château-Chinon (Campagne).

François Mitterrand (1916–1996), President of France from 1981 to 1995, was the mayor of Château-Chinon from 1959 to 1981.

It is 306 kilometres (190 mi) (by car) southeast of Paris.
Pittosporum patulum
Pittosporum patulum, commonly known as pit-pat, is a plant species endemic to the South Island of New Zealand where it has a restricted distribution ranging from Nelson in the north with occurrences in inland Marlborough down to Wānaka in the south. It is unusual amongst the genus in having deep red and scented flowers.

Wānaka
Wānaka (Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaːnaka] ⓘ) is a popular ski and summer resort town in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand. At the southern end of Lake Wānaka, it is at the start of the Clutha River and is the gateway to Mount Aspiring National Park.

Wānaka is primarily a resort town with both summer and winter seasons. Its economy is based on the many outdoor opportunities this offers.

Historically, Māori visited the Wānaka area to hunt and fish in summer, or on their way to seek pounamu (greenstone) on the West Coast. Ngāi Tahu abandoned their seasonal camps after a raid by a North Island war party in 1836.

Along with the rest of the Queenstown-Lakes District, Wānaka is growing rapidly, with the population increasing by 50% between 2005 and 2015.
James Humphreys (lawyer)
James Humphreys (c. 1768 – 29 November 1830) was a Welsh barrister, law reformer and legal writer.  He was educated at Shrewsbury School and called to the bar in 1800 by Lincoln's Inn. Politically he was a liberal.  His major publication in the field of law reform was Observations on the Actual State of the English Laws of Real Property, with the outlines of a Code (1826).

Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School is a private school in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

It was founded in 1552 by Edward VI by royal charter, to replace the town's Anglo-Saxon collegiate foundations which were disestablished in the sixteenth century. It is one of the seven public schools in the UK subject to the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of the nine schools reviewed by the Clarendon Commission between 1861 and 1864. The school is notable for being the education site of renowned scientist Charles Darwin.

It was originally founded as a boarding school for boys. In 2008, however, girls were accepted in the sixth form. Since 2015 Shrewsbury School has been a co-educational school. As at Michaelmas Term 2023, Shrewsbury School had 842 pupils: 522 boys and 320 girls. The school has seven boys', and five girls' houses. Alumni of the school are known as Old Salopians.

The present school site, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the south bank of the River Severn.
Spoof on Titan
Spoof on Titan (Japanese: 寸劇の巨人, Hepburn: Sungeki no Kyojin; lit. "Short Skits Titan") is a Japanese 4-panel manga written and illustrated by Hounori.  The series is a parody-spinoff of Hajime Isayama's popular Attack on Titan manga.  It was launched in both Japanese and English on Kodansha and DeNA's manga app Manga Box on December 4, 2013, and ran until December 31, 2014.

Kodansha USA announced its license to the series at New York Comic Con on October 10, 2015 and published it in English in 2016.

Kodansha USA
Kodansha USA Publishing, LLC is a publishing company based in New York, US, and a subsidiary of Japan's largest publishing company Kodansha. Established in July 1st 2008, Kodansha USA publishes books relating to Japan, Japanese culture, and manga, the latter under their Kodansha Manga imprint (formerly Kodansha Comics).

In 2020, Kodansha announced that it had consolidated Kodansha Advanced Media and Vertical into Kodansha USA Publishing, with Kodansha Advanced Media general manager Alvin Lu becoming the president and CEO of Kodansha USA Publishing.

On March 9, 2021, Kodansha USA Publishing announced it had rebranded and relaunched its website, and unified Kodansha Comics, Kodansha USA International, and Vertical under the Kodansha name, and Kodansha Comics being renamed Kodansha Manga.
Łaszew, Łódź Voivodeship
Łaszew [ˈwaʂɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzchlas, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of Wierzchlas, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Wieluń, and 91 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Bissikrima
Bissikrima is a town and sub-prefecture in the Faranah Region of Guinea in Dabola prefecture. As of 2014 it had a population of 28,840 people.

Bissikrima is located at the geographical centre of Guinea on the Tinkisso River, one of the tributaries of the Niger on which there is a hydro-electric dam supplying the towns of Faranah, Dabola and Dinguiraye. Bissikrima is the only sub-prefecture in Dabola which enjoys a supply of electric power. As a result, it is one of the top five sub-prefectures in Guinea. For some time, Bissikrima has been an important railway station on the line connecting Conakry and Kankan, the two largest towns in Guinea. It is also a major road hub on the RN1 and the RN30, the road north to Dinguiraye. The Fula, Mandinka and Susu peoples have cohabited peacefully in Bissikrima for an extended period. Bissikrima is said to be a miniature version of Guinea.

Tinkisso River
The Tinkisso River is a river in Guinea in west Africa. The river is sourced near Dalaba in the Fouta Djallon mountain range, north of Mamou and snakes approximately north-east and then east across the plains of Guinea, until it runs into the River Niger at Siguiri. The river is approximately 400 kilometres (250 miles) in length.

The river and the surrounding plains were designated a Ramsar site by the Niger Basin Authority and the Guinean government in 2002. The river and its tributaries are the home to species of manatee.
Middle Course
The Middle Course is a 1961 British low budget second feature ('B') war film directed by Montgomery Tully and starring Vincent Ball, Lisa Daniely and Peter Illing. It was written by Brian Clemens and produced by The Danzigers.

The Danzigers
Edward J. Danziger (1909–1999) and Harry Lee Danziger (1913–2005) were American-born brothers who produced many British films and TV shows in the 1950s and 1960s.

According to one profile "throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, their second features and TV series seemed to be on screens everywhere, their pervasive presence forming a part of virtually every British filmgoer's and television viewer's experience during those years."
Democrats for Andorra
Democrats for Andorra (Catalan: Demòcrates per Andorra, DA) is a centre-right, liberal-conservative political party currently in government in Andorra.

The party was established on 22 February 2011 as the direct successor of the Reformist Coalition which ran in the 2009 election. Standing as main the opposition party in the 2011 Andorran parliamentary election, the Democrats for Andorra won 20 of the General Council's 28 seats, the largest majority since the passing of the Andorran Constitution in 1993.

The party was formed from a union of the Liberal Party of Andorra and New Centre, with elements of the Social Democratic Party, and is supported by Lauredian Union and Andorra for Change.

The party was led by Antoni Martí, who served as Prime Minister of Andorra between 2011 and 2019.

General Council (Andorra)
The General Council of Andorra (Catalan: Consell General d'Andorra, IPA: [konˈsɛʎ ʒeneˈɾal danˈdora]) is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. It is sometimes referred to as the General Council of the Valleys (Catalan: Consell General de les Valls) because it was the historical name and to distinguish it from similarly named bodies in the Val d'Aran and in France.
Rancho Ojai
Rancho Ojai was a 17,717-acre (71.70 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Ventura County, California given in 1837  by Governor Juan Alvarado to Fernando Tico.  Rancho Ojai is located on the east side of the upper Ventura River, across from the Rancho Santa Ana grant made in the same year.  The grant encompassed present-day city of Ojai, at the foot of the Topatopa Mountains.

Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.
Oxford County, New Zealand
Oxford County was one of the counties of New Zealand in the South Island.

Oxford County Council was first elected on 20 April 1912, with four members from the North Riding and three from the South Riding.

On 1 April 1989 Rangiora District, Eyre County (except south of Waimakariri River), Oxford County, Kaiapoi Borough, Hurunui County's Mount Thomas riding west of the Okuku River, Waimakariri- Ashley Water Supply Board, Kaiapoi Municipal Electricity Department and Waimakariri Harbour Board merged to form Waimakariri District as part of the 1989 local government reforms.

The County used the Waimakariri-Ashley Water Supply Board office in the Main Street at Oxford.

1989 New Zealand local government reforms
The 1989 New Zealand local government reform was the most significant reform of local government in New Zealand in over a century. Some 850 local bodies were amalgamated into 86 local authorities, on regional and territorial levels. The new authorities were established on 1 November, following the election of members on 14 October 1989.
The Monster (1954 film)
The Monster (Arabic: الوحش, romanized: Ell Wahsh) is a 1954 Egyptian crime film directed by Salah Abouseif. It was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival. It was one of the first films to be labelled as a "social documentary thriller" by cinema writer Georges Sadoul for its use of documentary style, depictions of police abuse, and backdrop of life in the Egyptian countryside.

Salah Abu Seif
Salah Abu Seif (Arabic: صلاح أبو سيف, Ṣalāḥ Abū Sayf) (May 10, 1915 – June 23, 1996) was a prominent Egyptian film director and screenwriter. He is considered to be the godfather of Neorealist cinema in Egyptian cinema.

Many of the 41 films he directed are considered Egyptian classics; eight of them rank in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina’s list of 100 Greatest Egyptian Films, the most of any director. Another 1997 Top 100 ranking by Egyptian film critics lists eleven of Abu Seif's films, right behind Youssef Chahine with twelve films.

His film The Beginning and the End (1960) was the first adaptation of a novel by Nobel Prize winner Naguib Mahfouz. In 1977 he was a member of the jury at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival.
2003 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 9
The 2003 Tour de France was the 90th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a prologue individual time trial on 5 July and Stage 9 occurred on 14 July with a mountainous stage to Gap. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées, back in Paris, on 27 July.

Jan Ullrich
Jan Ullrich (German pronunciation: [jan ˈʊlʁɪç] ⓘ; born 2 December 1973) is a German former professional road bicycle racer. Ullrich won gold and silver medals in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He won the 1999 Vuelta a España and the HEW Cyclassics in front of a home crowd in Hamburg in 1997. He had podium finishes in the hilly classic Clásica de San Sebastián. His victorious ride in the 1997 Tour de France led to a bicycle boom in Germany. He retired in February 2007.

In 2006, Ullrich was barred from the Tour de France amid speculation of having doped. In February 2012, Ullrich was found guilty of a doping offence by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. He was retroactively banned from 22 August 2011, and all results gained since May 2005 were removed from his palmarès. In 2013 he admitted to blood doping, and in 2023 to using performance enhancing substances.
Xukou station
Xukou Station (Chinese: 胥口) is a station on Line 5 of the Suzhou Metro. The station is located in Wuzhong District, Jiangsu. It has been in use since June 29, 2021, when Line 5 first opened to the public.

Wuzhong, Suzhou
Wuzhong District (simplified Chinese: 吴中区; traditional Chinese: 吳中區; pinyin: Wúzhōng Qū) is one of five urban districts of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. It has a land area of 770 km2 (300 sq mi) and had a population of 1,388,972 in 2020.
Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB
Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB is a dissimilatory perchlorate reducing bacterium (DRPB) that was isolated from paper mill waste. Strain CKB is a Gram negative, facultative anaerobe belonging to the Betaproteobacteria. The cells of strain CKB are highly motile and possess a single polar flagellum. D. agitata can couple the oxidation of several electron donors such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, succinate, fumarate, malate or yeast extract to electron acceptors such as oxygen, chlorate, perchlorate, ferrous iron, sulfide, and reduced humic substances like 2,6-anthrahydroquinone disulfonate. Unlike other perchlorate reducers, strain CKB cannot grow by nitrate reduction, which suggests that the pathways of nitrate and perchlorate reduction are distinct and unrelated, contrary to what previous research had shown.

Dissimilation
In phonology, particularly within historical linguistics, dissimilation is a phenomenon whereby similar consonants or vowels in a word become less similar or elided. In English, dissimilation is particularly common with liquid consonants such as /r/ and /l/ when they occur in a sequence. The phenomenon is often credited to horror aequi, the principle that language users avoid repetition of identical linguistic structures.
Kolkhoze
Kolkhoze (French pronunciation: [kɔl.koz]; lit. 'kolkhoz') is a 2025 book by the French writer Emmanuel Carrère. It is about his mother, the historian Hélène Carrère d'Encausse (1929–2023), his difficult relationship with her, and how their bond has influenced his writing and personality. The main themes of the book are death, love and writing. Éditions P.O.L published the book in French on 28 August 2025.

The book received the Prix Médicis.

Prix Médicis
The Prix Médicis (French pronunciation: [pʁi medisis]) is a French literary award given each year in November. It was founded in 1958 by Gala Barbisan and Jean-Pierre Giradoux. It is awarded to an author whose "fame does not yet match his talent".

The award goes to a work of fiction initially published in the French language. In 1970 the Prix Médicis étranger was added to recognize a book published in translation. The Prix Médicis essai has been awarded since 1985 for non-fiction works.
Battle of Mont Sorrel
The Battle of Mont Sorrel (Battle of Mount Sorrel) was a local operation in World War I by three divisions of the German 4th Army and three divisions of the British Second Army in the Ypres Salient, near Ypres in Belgium, from 2 to 13 June 1916.

To divert British resources from the build-up being observed on the Somme, the XIII (Royal Württemberg) Corps and the 117th Infantry Division attacked an arc of high ground defended by the Canadian Corps in Flanders. The German forces captured the heights at Mount Sorrel and Tor Top, before entrenching on the far slope of the ridge.

Following a number of attacks and counterattacks, two divisions of the Canadian Corps, supported by the 20th Light Division and Second Army siege and howitzer battery groups, recaptured the majority of their former positions.

117th Infantry Division (German Empire)
The 117th Infantry Division (117. Infanterie-Division) was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on April 2, 1915, and organized over the next several weeks. It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.

The division was formed primarily from the excess infantry regiments of regular infantry divisions that were being triangularized. The division's 233rd Infantry Brigade staff had been the staff of the 23rd Reserve Infantry Brigade of the 12th Reserve Division, which came to the new division along with the 22nd Reserve Infantry Regiment. The 11th Reserve Infantry Regiment had been part of the 11th Reserve Division. The 157th Infantry Regiment came from the 12th Infantry Division. The division was recruited in Silesia.
Waterloo, New York
Waterloo is a town in Seneca County, New York, United States. The population was 7,378 at the 2020 census. The town and its major community are named after Waterloo, Belgium, where Napoleon was defeated.

There is also a village called Waterloo, the primary county seat of Seneca County. The Town of Waterloo is situated on the western border of the county, east of Geneva.

Geneva, New York
Geneva is a city in Ontario and Seneca counties in the U.S. state of New York. It is at the northern end of Seneca Lake; all land portions of the city are within Ontario County; the water portions are in Seneca County. The population was 12,812 at the 2020 census. The city is supposedly named after the city and canton of Geneva in Switzerland. The main settlement of the Seneca was spelled Zoneshio by early European settlers, and was described as being two miles north of Seneca Lake.

The city borders the town of Geneva and was once a part of it. The city identifies as the "Lake Trout Capital of the World."
Inger Lise Hegge
Inger Lise Hegge (born 6 January 1965) is a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed from 1989 to 1995. Her best World Cup finish was fourth in a 30 km event in the Soviet Union in 1991.

At the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, Hegge finished 14th in the 30 km and 21st in the 15 km events. Her best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 11th in the 30 km event at Falun in 1993.

She represented the club Henning SL.

Albertville
Albertville (French pronunciation: [albɛʁvil] ⓘ; Arpitan: Arbèrtvile) is a subprefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. 
It is best known for hosting the 1992 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. In 2022, the commune had a population of 19,706; its urban area had 40,715 inhabitants.
Turks in Algeria
The Turks in Algeria, also commonly referred to as Algerian Turks, Algerian-Turkish Algero-Turkish and Turkish-Algerians were the ethnic Turkish and renegades who emigrated to Algeria during the Ottoman period. A significant number of Turks intermarried with the native population, and the male offspring of these marriages were referred to as Kouloughlis (Turkish: kuloğlu) due to their mixed Turkish and central Maghrebi heritage. However, in general, intermarriage was discouraged, in order to preserve the "Turkishness" of the community. Consequently, the terms "Turks" and "Kouloughlis" have traditionally been used to distinguish between those of full and partial Turkish ancestry.

Maghrebis
Maghrebis or Maghrebians (Arabic: المغاربيون, romanized: al-Maghāribiyyun) are the inhabitants of the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is a modern Arabic term meaning "Westerners", denoting their location in the western part of the Arab world. Maghrebis are predominantly of Arab and Berber origins.
Wubei Zhi
The Wubei Zhi (Chinese: 武備志; Treatise on Armament Technology or Records of Armaments and Military Provisions) is a military book in Chinese history. It was compiled in 1621 by Mao Yuanyi (茅元儀 Máo Yuányí; 1594–1640?), an officer of waterborne troops in the Ming dynasty. The Wubei Zhi contains 240 volumes, 10,405 pages, and more than 200,000 Chinese characters.

Eastern Zhou
The Eastern Zhou (/dʒoʊ/; c. 770–256 BC) is a period in Chinese history comprising the latter half of the Zhou dynasty, following the Western Zhou era and the royal court's relocation eastward from Fenghao to Chengzhou (near present-day Luoyang). The Eastern Zhou was characterised by the weakened authority of the Ji family, the Zhou royal house. It is subdivided into two parts: the Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 or 476 BC), during which the ancient aristocracy still held power in a large number of separate polities, and the Warring States period (c. 481 or 476 – 221 BC), which saw the consolidation of territory and escalation of interstate warfare and administrative sophistication.
Louis W. Schultz
Louis W. Schultz (March 24, 1927 – February 19, 2008) is a former justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from August 19, 1980, to September 6, 1993, appointed from Johnson County, Iowa.

Born in Deep River, Iowa, to Martin and Esther Schultz, he served in the United States Navy during World War II, as a pharmacist mate 3rd class aboard the USS Benevolence and the USS President Adams. He graduated from Deep River High School in 1944, and attended Central College. He received an LL.B. from Drake University in 1949. He worked for Farm Bureau Insurance for a time, and entered the practice of law in Marengo, Iowa in 1956, serving as a county attorney from 1960 to 1968. He was a judge of the 6th Judicial District of Iowa from 1970 to August 19, 1980, when he was appointed to the Supreme Court.

Schultz died in his sleep from heart disease in his home in Williamsburg, Iowa, at the age of 80.

USS President Adams
USS President Adams (AP-38/APA-19) was a President Jackson-class attack transport of the United States Navy, named for Founding Father John Adams and his son, John Quincy Adams, the second and sixth Presidents of the United States.