hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamgyong campaign
The Hamgyong campaign, also known as  Katō Kiyomasa's northern campaign, was Kiyomasa's invasion of Hamgyeong Province, the northeastern region of Joseon (now Korea) during the Imjin War.

The campaign was largely due to the assistance of Korean defectors, who also handed over to the Japanese their princes, Sunhwa and Imhae. The Japanese reached the northeastern edge of Hamgyeong, crossed the Tumen River into Manchuria, and attacked the Orangai clan of Jurchens, but met with heavy resistance. Katō returned south and took up residence in Anbyeon, while Nabeshima Naoshige headquartered in Gilju. By winter, local resistance began pushing back at the Japanese occupation and laid siege to Gilju.

Anbyon County
Anbyŏn is a kun, or county, in Kangwŏn province, North Korea. Originally included in South Hamgyŏng province, it was transferred to Kangwŏn province in a September 1946 reshuffling of local government.
Saint-Martin-la-Pallu
Saint-Martin-la-Pallu (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃ la paly]) is a commune in the department of Vienne, western France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Vendeuvre-du-Poitou (the seat), Blaslay, Charrais and Cheneché. On 1 January 2019, the former commune of Varennes was merged into Saint-Martin-la-Pallu.

Vienne (department)
Vienne (French pronunciation: [vjɛn] ⓘ vyen; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Viéne) is a landlocked department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the river Vienne. It had a population of 438,435 in 2019.
Ratnagiri Assembly constituency
Ratnagiri Assembly constituency is one of the 288 Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) constituencies of Maharashtra state in Western India. It is one of the 6 assembly seats under Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg Lok Sabha constituency. It consists only Ratnagiri Taluka.

State legislative assemblies of India
The State Legislative Assembly, also known as the Vidhan Sabha or the Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India. Members of the legislative assembly are often directly elected to serve five year terms from single-member constituencies. A legislative assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the governor on request of the chief minister of the respective state or union territory, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
Danforth Memorial Library
Danforth Memorial Library, also known as the Paterson Free Public Library, is located at 250 Broadway in the city of Paterson in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. The library was built in 1905 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 1, 1984, for its significance in architecture, education, and social history.

The Library sits on a 1.5 acre property and houses the city's art collection, mostly of painting 19th century paintings donated to the city.

Passaic County, New Jersey
Passaic County (/pəˈseɪ.ɪk/ pə-SAY-ik or locally /pəˈseɪk/ pə-SAYK) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the county was the state's eighth-most-populous county, with a population of 524,118, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 22,892 (+4.6%) from the 2010 census count of 501,226, which in turn reflected an increase of 12,177 (+2.5%) from the 489,049 counted in the 2000 census. The county is part of the North Jersey region of the state.

The most populous place in Passaic County is Paterson, the county seat, with 159,732 residents at the 2020 Census, more than 30% of the county's population, while West Milford covered 80.32 square miles (208.0 km2), the largest total area of any municipality and more than 40% of the county's area.
Ins Choi
Insub "Ins" Choi (Korean: 최인섭; RR: Choe Inseob) is a Canadian actor and playwright best known for his Dora Mavor Moore Award-nominated 2011 play Kim's Convenience and its subsequent TV adaptation.

Choi was born in South Korea and raised in Toronto, Ontario. He is a graduate of the theatre program at York University.

Dora Mavor Moore Awards
The Dora Mavor Moore Awards (also known as the Dora Awards or the Doras) are awards presented annually by the Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA), honouring theatre, dance and opera productions in Toronto. Named after Dora Mavor Moore, who helped establish Canadian professional theatre, the awards program was established on December 13, 1978, with the first awards held in 1980. Each winner receives a bronze statue made from the original by John Romano.
Slipping Through My Fingers
"Slipping Through My Fingers" is a song written by Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson and recorded by Swedish pop group ABBA, with lead vocals by Agnetha Fältskog. It was released on their November 1981 album The Visitors. The song is about a mother's regret at how quickly her daughter is growing up, and the lack of time they have spent together, as the girl goes to school. The inspiration for the song was Ulvaeus' and Fältskog's daughter, Linda Ulvaeus, who was seven at the time the song was written.

The song was first released in Japan, where it appeared on promotional records by The Coca-Cola Company. The 7" vinyl, released in June 1981, was a single-sided picture disc. The sleeve features a drawing of the group. There was also a picture disc ABBA compilation LP, also titled "Slipping Through My Fingers" and using the same cover art.

Benny Andersson
Göran Bror Benny Andersson KVO1kl (Swedish: [ˈbɛ̌nːʏ ˈânːdɛˌʂɔn] ⓘ; born 16 December 1946) is a Swedish musician, composer and producer best known as a member of the pop group ABBA and co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina från Duvemåla, and Mamma Mia! For the 2008 film version of Mamma Mia! and its 2018 sequel, Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, he also worked as an executive producer. Since 2001, he has been active with his own band Benny Anderssons orkester.
Saint Hakob Church of Kanaker
Surp Hakob Church (Armenian: Սուրբ Հակոբ Եկեղեցի; also, Saint Jacob of Nisibis) is located in the Kanaker-Zeytun District within the city limits of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Its sister-church, Surp Astvatsatsin (also, Holy Mother of God Church, built in 1695), is located upon a hilltop to the northwest within sight of the Church of  S. Hakob.

Jacob of Nisibis
Saint Jacob of Nisibis (Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ ܢܨܝܒܢܝܐ, Yaʿqôḇ Nṣîḇnāyâ; Greek: Ἅγιος Ἰάκωβος Ἐπίσκοπος Μυγδονίας; Armenian: Յակոբ Մծբնայ Yakob Mtsbnay), also known as Saint Jacob of Mygdonia, Saint Jacob the Great, and Saint James of Nisibis, was a hermit, a grazer and the Bishop of Nisibis until his death.

He was lauded as the "Moses of Mesopotamia", and was the spiritual father of the renowned writer and theologian Saint Ephrem the Syrian. Saint Jacob was present at the first ecumenical council at Nicaea, and is venerated as a saint by the Church of the East, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church,  Roman Catholic Church, and Eastern Catholic Churches.
Imam Hasan al-Askari Mosque
The Imam Hasan al-Askari Mosque (Persian: مسجد امام حسن عسگری, romanized: Masjed-e Emam Hasan-e Asgari; Arabic: مسجد الإمام الحسن العسكري), also known as the Imam Hassan Al-Asgari Mosque or simply, the Al-Askari Mosque, is a Twelver Shi'ite mosque and mausoleum, located in the city of Qom, in the province of Qom, Iran. It is named for Hasan al-Askari, who was the 11th Imam of the Ahlulbayt and the father of the 12th Imam in Shi'ite traditions.

The original 9th-century structure, since renovated and expanded, is one of the oldest mosques in Iran. The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 9 January 1978, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts
The Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Iran (Persian: وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, romanized: Vezârat-e Mirâs-e Farhangi, Gardeshgari va Sanâye'-e Dasti-ye Irân) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is administered and funded by the Government of Iran.

It was first established in 1985 by legislation from the Majlis merging 11 research and cultural organizations. In 2019, the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) was converted into the Ministry. The current Minister has been Reza Salehi Amiri since 21 August 2024.
Valaris Limited
Valaris Limited (previously ENSCO-Rowan plc) is an offshore drilling contractor headquartered in Houston, Texas, and incorporated in Bermuda. It is the largest offshore drilling and well drilling company in the world. As of February 2025, it owned 52 rigs, including 36 offshore jackup rigs, 11 drillships, and 5 semi-submersible platform drilling rigs.

In 2024, the company's largest customer was BP (17% of revenues) and the company's 5 largest customers accounted for 49% of revenues.

Semi-submersible platform
A semi-submersible platform is a specialised marine vessel used in offshore roles including as offshore drilling rigs, safety vessels, oil production platforms, and heavy lift cranes. They have good ship stability and seakeeping, better than drillships.
Primrose Hill set
The Primrose Hill set is a name applied to a group of celebrities in the 1990s, who were based in Primrose Hill, near Camden Town in North London, and had, in the words of Andrew Johnson writing in The Independent in 2010, a reputation for "having a whale of a time with drink, drugs and bed-hopping".

North London
North London is the northern part of London, England, north of the River Thames and the City of London. It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury, on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire. The term is occasionally used in reference to all of London north of the River Thames.

The term differentiates the area from South London, East London and West London. Some parts of North London are also part of Central London.
Trolleybuses in Pretoria
The Pretoria trolleybus system was part of the public transport network in Pretoria, South Africa, for more than 30 years in the mid-twentieth century. The trolleybus system was opened in 1939 and was closed in 1972, lasting for over 32 years.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
Tianmian sauce
Tianmian sauce (Chinese: 甜麵醬/甜醬; pinyin: tiánmiànjiàng; tiánjiàng), also known as sweet bean sauce, sweet flour sauce or sweet wheat paste, is a thick, smooth, dark brown or black paste with either a mild, savory or sweet flavor. It is commonly used in Northern Chinese cuisine, Northeastern Chinese cuisine, as well as Korean-Chinese cuisine. Peking duck and jajangmyeon are two popular dishes that feature the sauce.

Mantou
Mantou (traditional Chinese: 饅頭; simplified Chinese: 馒头), often referred to as a Chinese steamed bun, is a white and soft type of steamed bread or bun popular in northern China. Folk etymology connects the name mantou to a tale about Zhuge Liang.
Olivia, Pennsylvania
Olivia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

The CDP is in northern Blair County, in the northeastern part of Snyder Township, along the north side of South Eagle Valley Road (old U.S. Route 220). It is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northeast of Tyrone and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southwest of Bald Eagle. The community is on the north side of the valley of Bald Eagle Creek, which flows southwestward to join the Little Juniata River in Tyrone.

Bald Eagle Creek (Little Juniata River tributary)
Bald Eagle Creek is a 9.4-mile-long (15.1 km) tributary of the Little Juniata River in Blair County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It runs southwest through the Bald Eagle Valley at the foot of the Bald Eagle Mountain ridge to Tyrone.

The longer Bald Eagle Creek runs north in the valley from the same headlands near the Blair County/Centre County line, terminating in the West Branch Susquehanna River near Lock Haven.

The main line of the Nittany and Bald Eagle Railroad short line runs along the full length of both Bald Eagle creeks.
Renuka Mahatme
Renuka Mahatme (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1956 Indian Kannada film, directed by Y. R. Swamy and produced by H. M. Reddy. The film stars R. Nagendra Rao, Pandari Bai and Narasimharaju in the lead roles. The film has musical score by H. R. Padmanabha Shashtri.

Y. R. Swamy
Y. R. Swamy (c. 1927 – 21 October 2002) was an Indian film director and screenwriter who worked primarily Kannada cinema. He directed over 35 films in his career, 18 of which came in films that stars Rajkumar in the lead role. He also holds the record for directing Rajkumar for the highest no. of times- eighteen.

His first film as a director came in the 1953 Telugu film, Pratigna. Since then, Swamy directed films in the Kannada language and mostly in the mythological genre and with a social connect. His popular films include Bhakta Kanakadasa (1960), Katari Veera (1966), Paropakari (1970), Sipayi Ramu (1972) and Bhale Huchcha (1972). Recognizing his contribution to Kannada cinema, he was awarded the 1990–91 Puttanna Kanagal Award.
Piergiorgio Bressani
Piergiorgio Bressani (10 June 1929 – 3 June 2022) was an Italian politician. A member of the Christian Democracy party, he served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1963 to 1986. He was also Secretary of the Council of Ministers from 1979 to 1981.

Bressani died in Udine on 3 June 2022 at the age of 92.

Secretary of the Council of Ministers (Italy)
The secretary of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Segretario del Consiglio dei Ministri) is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet. The secretary is one of the undersecretaries of state to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers but, unlike them, he sits in the Cabinet and helps the prime minister in coordinating the government and its meetings. Thus, the secretary is usually a person very close to the prime minister. The secretary of the Council of Ministers, which may not be confused with the largely ceremonial office of Deputy Prime Minister (not all Italian Cabinets include one), resembles that of the White House chief of staff.

The current secretary of the Council of Ministers is Alfredo Mantovano, appointed on 22 October 2022 in the government led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni.
Taylor–Culick speed
In fluid dynamics, Taylor–Culick speed ( or Taylor–Culick formula) refers to the speed at which a liquid sheet or soap film retracts upon rupture. The formula was derived in 1960 independently by Geoffrey Ingram Taylor and F. E. C. Culick. The formula for the retraction speed is given by

where  is the surface tension,  is the fluid density and  is the initial thickness of the sheet. Prior to Taylor and Culick's work, A. Dupre (1867) and Lord Rayleigh studied this problem.

Soap film
Soap films are thin layers of liquid (usually water-based) surrounded by air. For example, if two soap bubbles come into contact, they merge and a thin film is created in between. Thus, foams are composed of a network of films connected by Plateau borders. Soap films can be used as model systems for minimal surfaces, which are widely used in mathematics.
England at the 1938 British Empire Games
England at the 1938 British Empire Games (abbreviated ENG) was the third appearance of the country at the Commonwealth Games. The Games were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, from 5 February to 12 February 1938.

The athletes that competed are listed below.

1938 British Empire Games
The 1938 British Empire Games were the third British Empire Games, the event that evolved to become the Commonwealth Games. Held in Sydney, Australia, from 5–12 February 1938, they were timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia). Venues included the Sydney Cricket Ground (the main stadium), the North Sydney Olympic Pool and Henson Park. An estimated 40,000 people attended the opening ceremony. A men's residential village was established within the grounds of the Sydney Showground, while the female athletes were housed in hotels.

The star of the games was the Australian athlete Decima Norman, who won five gold medals in track and field. Margaret Dovey, later married to Australian prime minister Gough Whitlam, finished sixth in the 220 yards breaststroke.

Due to the onset of World War II, the games were not held again until 1950.
Historians of the Latter Day Saint movement
Historians of the Latter Day Saint movement are a diverse group of historians writing about Mormonism. Historians devoted to the history of the Latter Day Saint movement may be members of a Latter Day Saint faith or non-members with an academic interest. They range from faith-promoting historians to anti-Mormon historians, but also include scholars who make an honest effort at objectivity.

Church History Department
The Church History Department (CHD) manages the historical and publishing activities of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). This includes the Church History Library, Church History Museum, Church Historian's Press, and various research and collection projects. Kyle S. McKay, an LDS general authority seventy, is the current Church Historian and Recorder (CHR).
Parodies of Harry Potter
The immense popularity and wide recognition of J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter fantasy series has led to its being extensively parodied, in works spanning nearly every medium. The franchise holds the record for the most fan fiction parodies, at over 900,000 Some self-described parodies have been targeted by Rowling and her publishers as plagiarism, while others have sold hundreds of thousands of copies without any threat of legal sanction. Misinterpretations of Harry Potter parodies have sparked at least two urban legends. Many Harry Potter parodies are self-published; others are put out as part of major comic productions, such as Mad, The Simpsons, Saturday Night Live and Robot Chicken, all of which have parodied Harry Potter several times. Rowling has also been parodied (and parodied herself) in a number of instances.

Jennifer Saunders
Jennifer Jane Saunders (born 6 July 1958) is an English comedian, actress, singer, impressionist, satirist and screenwriter. Saunders originally found attention in the 1980s, when she became a member of The Comic Strip after graduating from the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama with her best friend and comedy partner, Dawn French. With French, Saunders co-wrote and starred in their eponymous sketch show, French and Saunders and later received acclaim in the 1990s for writing and playing her character Edina Monsoon in her sitcom Absolutely Fabulous. She received a BAFTA Fellowship in 2009 with French.
Merced Manor, San Francisco
Merced Manor is a neighborhood located on the West Side of San Francisco, between Stern Grove and Lake Merced. It is bordered by 19th Avenue to the east, Sloat Boulevard to the north, 26th Avenue to the west and Eucalyptus Drive to the south.

Lowell High School (San Francisco)
Lowell High School (LHS) is a co-educational, magnet public high school in San Francisco, California, first established in 1856. It is a part of the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD). Situated on the West Side of the city, the school is south of Parkmerced and the Parkside district, west of Stonestown Galleria, north of San Francisco State University, northeast of Lake Merced, and east of Lakeshore Elementary School.

LHS uses merit-based admissions, unlike other schools in the district, which use a lottery system or receive students from a specified attendance area. The admissions process requires submitting scores from standardized testing from the previous school year and a writing supplement. Previously an entrance exam was required, but after reports of racism in the admissions department and the COVID-19 pandemic, the exam was waived in 2021. However, because academic performance of the school declined, it reinstated use of standardized test scores.
Francesco Carrozzini
Francesco Carrozzini (born September 9, 1982) is an Italian-born director and photographer based in the United States. In 2016, he made his feature directorial debut at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival with the documentary Franca: Chaos and Creation. In 2022, his first narrative feature, The Hanging Sun, closed the 79th Venice International Film Festival. He is known for his portrait photography and has directed music videos for artists including Jay-Z, Lana Del Rey, Beyoncé and Lenny Kravitz. He has also directed commercials for brands such as Apple and Fiat.

Portrait photography
Portrait photography, or portraiture, is a type of photography aimed toward capturing the personality of a person or group of people by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses. A portrait photograph may be artistic or clinical. Frequently, portraits are commissioned for special occasions, such as weddings, school events, or commercial purposes. Portraits can serve many purposes, ranging from usage on a personal web site to display in the lobby of a business.
Zephirium
Zephirium is a titular Bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church located in Cilicia.

There are five known bishops of the Seat.

Hypatus, attended the Council of Chalcedon.

Zenobus, an associate of Theodoret of Cyrrhus

Jean-Jacques Crouzet (1 Oct 1888 Appointed - 8 Jan 1933).

Antonin Eltschkner (10 Feb 1933 Appointed - 22 Feb 1961)

André  Collini  (7 Sep 1962 Appointed - 26 Jul 1966)

Antonín Eltschkner
Antonín Eltschkner (4 June 1880, Polička – 22 February 1961, Brno) was a Czech Roman Catholic priest, most notable for his involvement in the development of Esperanto. He was provost of the Metropolitan Chapter of St Vitus and auxiliary bishop of Prague from 1933. He was also vicar general of the archdiocese of Prague from January to July 1931.

He was appointed bishop of České Budějovice in 1940, but this was prevented by the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and was abandoned after the end of World War II, when Josef Hlouch was appointed instead.
Ithaya Geetham
Ithaya Geetham is a 1950 Indian Tamil-language historical romance film written, directed and produced by Joseph Thaliath Jr. The film stars T.R. Mahalingam and T. R. Rajakumari. It was released on 29 July 1950.

T. R. Mahalingam (actor)
Thenkarai Ramakrishna Mahalingam (16 June 1924 – 21 April 1978) born in Sholavandan Thenkarai was an Indian actor and playback singer of the 1940s and 1950s. He was known for his melodious songs mostly based on romantic or devotional themes.