hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edmund Ignatius Rice
Edmund Ignatius Rice, F.P.M., C.F.C. (Irish: Éamonn Iognáid Rís; 1 June 1762 – 29 August 1844) was a Catholic missionary and educationalist who founded two institutes of religious brothers: the Congregation of Christian Brothers and the Presentation Brothers.

Rice was born in Ireland at a time when Catholics faced oppression under Penal Laws enforced by the British authorities, though reforms began in 1778 when he was a teenager. He forged a successful career in business and, after an accident that killed his wife and left his daughter disabled and with learning difficulties, devoted his life to the education of the poor.

Christian Brothers and Presentation Brothers schools around the world continue to follow the traditions established by Rice (see List of Christian Brothers schools).

Religious institute
In the Catholic Church, a religious institute is "a society in which members, according to proper law, pronounce public vows, either perpetual or temporary which are to be renewed, however, when the period of time has elapsed, and lead a life of brothers or sisters in common."

A religious institute is one of the two types of institutes of consecrated life; the other is the secular institute, where its members are "living in the world". Religious institutes come under the jurisdiction of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life.
South African Equestrian Federation
South African Equestrian Federation (SAEF) is the national governing body for majority of equestrian sports in South Africa. These sports include the FEI-recognized disciplines of dressage, eventing, show jumping, vaulting, endurance, reining, para-equestrian, and driving, with the non-FEI discipline of tentpegging. SAEF also develops and enforces the rules for other events at horse shows.

SAEF governs the official relations with the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), with its affiliation established since 1947. It also oversee the interactions between the South African government with equestrian athletes and professionals. SAEF is registered with SASCOC as the officially recognised federation.

Combined driving
Combined driving (also known as horse driving trials) is an equestrian sport involving carriage driving. In this discipline, the driver sits on a vehicle drawn by a single horse, a pair or a team of four. The sport has three phases: dressage, cross-country marathon and obstacle cone driving — patterned after the mounted equestrian sport of eventing. It is one of the ten international equestrian sport horse disciplines recognized by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). Combined driving became an FEI discipline in 1970 when Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the then-president of FEI, produced the first rule book.
Atmosphere of Triton
The atmosphere of Triton is the layer of gases surrounding Triton. Like the atmospheres of Titan and Pluto, Triton's atmosphere is composed more than 95% of nitrogen, with smaller amounts of methane and carbon monoxide. It hosts a layer of organic haze extending up to 30 kilometers above its surface and a deck of thin bright clouds at about 4 kilometers in altitude. Due to Triton's low gravity, its atmosphere is loosely bound, extending over 800 kilometers from its surface.

Triton, along with Saturn's moon Titan, is one of only two moons in the Solar System known to have significant, global atmospheres. The surface pressure is only 14 microbars (1.4 Pa or 0.0105mmHg), 1⁄70000 of the surface pressure on Earth. Similar to the atmosphere of Pluto, Triton's atmosphere is sensitive to seasonal changes; observations obtained in 1998 showed an increase in temperature, increasing the atmosphere's density.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Nadirshah
Nadirshah is an Indian actor, film director, music composer, playback singer, lyricist, mimicry artist, comedian, and television host, who works in Malayalam films, television and on-stage. He has also done several supporting roles in Malayalam cinema. His areas of contribution in music include playback singing, lyrics and composing. He made his directional debut with the Malayalam film Amar Akbar Anthony (2015). His second directorial was Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan (2016).

Sringaravelan
Sringaravelan is a 2013 Malayalam-language action comedy film directed by Jose Thomas and scripted by Udayakrishna-Siby K. Thomas. It stars Dileep and Vedhika (in her in Malayalam debut) with Lal, Kalabhavan Shajohn, Baburaj, Joy Mathew and Shammi Thilakan The film was released in Onam, and was a commercial success at the box office.
TacSat-1
TacSat-1 was an experimental satellite built by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) on behalf of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) Office of Force Transformation (OFT). It was the planned payload of the sixth launch of the SpaceX Falcon 1. It was however never launched into space. The second satellite in the series, TacSat-2, launched before TacSat-1 and this led to the cancellation of TacSat-1's launch.

TacSat-1 would have carried a variety of experimental payloads. Much of the payload software was implemented through the use of bash scripts operating on the "Copperfield-2" general-purpose computer system aboard the spacecraft.

United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. Located in Washington, DC, it was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.

As of 2016, NRL was a Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL's research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year.
William Bartholomew (cricketer)
William Bartholomew, was an English cricketer.

The son of the Reverend Charles Bartholomew, a prominent Chertsey Cricket Club member, Bartholomew made his debut in important matches for Surrey against Kent at Bishopsbourne in 1773. He made a further appearance for Surrey in 1773 against Hampshire at Hambledon. His next appearance in an important game was five years later in 1778, when he played for Chertsey against England at Laleham Burway. Over a decade later, in 1789, he appeared in a fourth match for the Gentlemen of England against Middlesex at Marylebone. He scored 59 runs in his four matches, with a highest score of 30.

Lord's Old Ground
Lord's Old Ground was a cricket venue in London that was established by Thomas Lord in 1787. It was used mainly by Marylebone Cricket Club for major matches until 1810, after which a dispute about rent caused Lord to relocate.
4 Arietis
4 Arietis is a single star in the northern constellation of Aries, the ram. 4 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.86. The star has an annual parallax shift of 11.46±0.15 mas, which is equivalent to a distance of 285 light-years (87 parsecs) from the Sun. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +6 km/s.

This is a B-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of B9.5 V. It is 257 million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 33 km/s. The star has more than double the mass of the Sun and around 2.2 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 40 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 10,913 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Shisen-dō
Shisen-dō (詩仙堂) is a Buddhist temple located in Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan. It belongs to the Sōtō school of Japanese Zen and its honzon is an image of Merōfu Kannon. The temple's full name is Rorozan Shisen-dō Jōzan-ji (六六山 詩仙堂 丈山寺), with the temple name coming from the fact that it was originally the villa of the Edo period intellectual Ishikawa Jōzan (1583–1672), who established the temple in 1641. The temple was designated a National Historic Site in 1928.

Honzon
Honzon (本尊, "fundamental honored [one]"), sometimes referred to as a Gohonzon (ご本尊 or 御本尊), is the enshrined main image or principal deity in Japanese Buddhism.  The buddha, bodhisattva, or mandala image is located in either a temple or a household butsudan.

The image can be either a statue or a small scroll and varies from sect to sect. It can be a singular image or a group of images; the honzon in the main (hondō) or treasure (kondō) hall of the temple can be for that particular hall or the entire temple complex.  Sometimes honzon is the central image (chūson) of a cluster of three (sanzonbutsu) or five (goson) images.

The physical creation of an icon is followed by a consecration ceremony (known as kaigen, literally 'opening the eyes' or 'dotting the eyes'). It is believed this transforms the honzon into a 'vessel' of the deity which in its own right has power.
2022 General Tire Delivers 100
The 2022 General Tire Delivers 100 was the 13th stock car race of the 2022 ARCA Menards Series season, the 7th race of the 2022 Sioux Chief Showdown, and the 2nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, August 19, 2022, in Watkins Glen, New York at Watkins Glen International, a 2.454 mile (3.949 km) permanent road course. The race took the scheduled 41 laps to complete. After an exciting finish, Brandon Jones, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, moved Taylor Gray and Sammy Smith for the lead on the final restart, and held on to earn his eighth career ARCA Menards Series win, and his third of the season. Smith would dominate the entire race, leading all but two laps. To fill out the podium, Nick Sanchez, driving for Rev Racing, and Jesse Love, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Venturini Motorsports
Venturini Motorsports was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, and ARCA Menards Series West. Founded in 1982 by Bill Venturini Sr., Venturini Motorsports was the longest continually operated ARCA racing team in the United States. The team was based in Concord, North Carolina.

The team announced on April 18, 2025 that they will shut down their operations, transferring the ownership to Nitro Motorsports beginning on October 15.
Talley v. California
Talley v. California, 362 U.S. 60 (1960), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States voided a Los Angeles city ordinance which forbade the distribution of any handbills in any place under any circumstances if the handbills did not contain the name and address of the person for whom it was prepared, distributed, or sponsored.

Manuel Talley was distributing handbills that promoted the boycott of businesses that refused to hire minorities. The handbills he distributed were anonymous which resulted in the California municipal court to rule that he was violating the ordinance and fined him $10. He appealed to the California appellate court which affirmed his conviction. He appealed again to the supreme court which found the ordinance unconstitutional.

Talley is often cited for the proposition that identification requirements burden speech.

Flyer (pamphlet)
A flyer (or flier) is a form of paper advertisement intended for wide distribution and typically posted or distributed in a public place, handed out to individuals or sent through the mail. Today, flyers range from inexpensively photocopied leaflets to expensive, glossy, full-color circulars. Flyers in a digital format can be shared on the internet.
Dilshod Nazarov
Dilshod Jamoliddinovich Nazarov (Tajik: Dilşod Çamoliddinovic Nazarov, Persian: دلشاد نظروف‌; Russian: Дильшод Джамолиддинович Назаров, Dilshod Dzhamoliddinovich Nazarov) (born 6 May 1982) is a Tajik track and field athlete who specializes in the hammer throw. He has represented his country at the Olympic Games on four occasions (in 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016), winning the gold medal in Rio de Janeiro, the first gold medal for Tajikistan in the history of the Olympic Games.

He has competed seven times at the World Championships in Athletics (2005 to 2017), but has been most successful at regional competitions: he won medals at four consecutive Asian Athletics Championships and was the hammer champion at the Asian Games in 2006, 2010 and 2014. He won his first global medal (a silver) in 2010 at the IAAF Continental Cup.

His personal best for the event is 80.71 metres, set in 2013.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Middle Low German
Middle Low German is a developmental stage of Low German. It developed from the Old Saxon language in the Middle Ages and has been documented in writing since about 1225–34 (Sachsenspiegel). During the Hanseatic period (from about 1300 to about 1600), Middle Low German was the leading written language in the north of Central Europe and served as a lingua franca in the northern half of Europe. It was used parallel to medieval Latin also for purposes of diplomacy and for deeds.

Weser
The Weser (pronounced [ˈveːzɐ] ⓘ) is the second longest river wholly in Germany. The Weser flows from the Thuringian Forest to the North Sea, where it flows into the sea near Bremerhaven.

The Weser begins at Hannoversch Münden through the confluence of the Werra and Fulda. It passes through the Hanseatic city of Bremen. Its mouth is 50 km (31 mi) further north against the ports of Bremerhaven and Nordenham. The latter is on the Butjadingen Peninsula. It then merges into the North Sea via two highly saline, estuarine mouths.

It connects to the canal network running east–west across the North German Plain.

The river, when combined with the Werra (a dialectal form of Weser), is 744 km (462 mi) long and thus, the longest river entirely situated within Germany (the Main, however, is the longest if the Weser-Werra are considered separate). The Weser itself is 452 km (281 mi) long. The Werra rises in Thuringia, the German state south of the main projection (tongue) of Lower Saxony.
Cheeta
Cheeta (sometimes billed as Cheetah, Cheta, or Chita) is a chimpanzee character that appeared in numerous Hollywood Tarzan films of the 1930s–1960s, as well as the 1966–1968 television series, as the ape sidekick of the title character, Tarzan. Cheeta has usually been characterized as male, but sometimes as female, and has been portrayed by chimpanzees of both sexes.

While the character of Cheeta is inextricably associated in the public mind with Tarzan, no chimpanzees appear in the original Tarzan novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs that inspired the films. The closest analog to Cheeta in the Burroughs novels is Tarzan's monkey companion Nkima, who appears in several of the later books in the series.

Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, recognized for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.

Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character. Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts.
Iyyamcode Sreedharan
Iyyamcode Sreedharan (also spelled as Iyyamkode or Iyyamkodu) is a Malayalam language writer from Kerala, India. He is well known in various fields of literature such as travelogue writer, Aattakkatha writer, playwright, poet and biographer. He received several awards including Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions, Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for travelogue, Kerala Kalamandalam Mukundaraja Award and Kerala Kalamandalam Award for outstanding contribution in the field of literature.

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award is given each year, since 1958, by the Kerala Sahitya Akademi (Kerala Literary Academy), to Malayalam writers for their outstanding books of literary merit. The awards are given in various categories. The Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship is also awarded to induct Malayalam writers as distinguished members of the Akademi.
Pierson cabinet
The Pierson cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 27 July 1897 until 1 August 1901. The cabinet was formed by the political party Liberal Union (CU) after the election of 1897. The left-liberal cabinet was a minority government in the House of Representatives but was supported by Independent Liberals for a majority. Nicolaas Pierson of the Liberal Union was Prime Minister.

Confidence and supply
In parliamentary democracies, especially those based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply is an arrangement under which a minority government (one which does not control a majority in the legislature) receives the support of one or more parties or independent MPs on confidence votes and the state budget ("supply"). On issues other than those outlined in the confidence and supply agreement, non-government partners to the agreement are not bound to support the government on any given piece of legislation.

A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement in which junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) are generally expected to hold the government whip on passing legislation and formally participate in the government, with members holding office in the cabinet and ministerial roles.
Viola cotyledon
Viola cotyledon is a flowering plant in the family Violaceae, native to Argentina and Chile. Growing to 50 cm (20 in) tall and broad, it is an evergreen perennial forming dense clusters of semi-succulent leaves. Flowers appear in a ring around the edge of each plant in summer. Flower colour is variable, from white through violet to dark blue.

It occurs in the temperate biome of western Argentina and southern central Chile.

It is hardy to −10 °C (14 °F), but needs a sheltered position in free-draining soil and high levels of light.

A Viola Cotyledon in the Sierra Nevada Volcano in Southern Chile

Sierra Nevada (stratovolcano)
Sierra Nevada is a stratovolcano located in the La Araucanía Region of Chile, near the Llaima volcano. Its last certain eruptions were in the Pleistocene period, but its activity may extend into the Holocene. Its primary lavas are andesitic and basaltic flows, although it has also produced pyroclastic flows. Lahars are also a hazard of this volcano. This stratovolcano is located in Conguillío National Park.
James Swaby (priest)
James Alexander Renton Swaby (1862–1944) was the Archdeacon of Belize from 1899 to 1907.

Swaby was ordained in 1891. He was Head Master of the Church School, Belize and Chaplain to the Bishop before his appointment as Archdeacon; and Curate at Tonbridge, then Rector of Lytchett Matravers afterwards.

He died on 3 August 1944; his widow Caroline on July 8, 1949.

Tonbridge
Tonbridge (/ˈtʌnbrɪdʒ/ TUN-brij) (historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in Kent, England, on the River Medway, 4 miles (6 km) north of Royal Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles (19 km) south west of Maidstone and 29 miles (47 km) south east of London. In the administrative borough of Tonbridge and Malling, it had an estimated population of 41,293 in 2019.
Furfura Sharif
Furfura is a village in Jangipara community development block of Srirampore subdivision in Hooghly District in the state of West Bengal, India. It is a holy place for some Bengali Muslims. Before the afternoon prayers, people queue up at the mazar (shrine) of Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1846–1939), a prominent pir (holy person) of the town. People say it is the second most prominent mazar in west bengal after Gazi Pir Mazar in Ghutiari Sharif.

Ghutiari Sharif railway station
Ghutiari Sharif railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Canning Branch line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It serves the local area of Ghutiari Sharif in South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.