hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chautar
Chautar or Chaotaer (Cotton cloth)  is an old cotton fabric of the Mughal period. The chautar was a  mulmul variety, and the finest mulmul was termed as "Mulmul Shahi" in Hindi and Persian languages. It was produced in Eastern India. Way back, Chittagong was exporting this cloth. Conceivably then cloths were produced in smaller pieces only since the Chautar is described as a piece good. It has been recorded with specific dimensions, i.e., length 12.44 meters and width 77.75 centimeters. Chautar was compared with sansuo, which was a three shuttle cloth, type of fine cotton variety produced at Songjiang  .

Songjiang, Shanghai
Songjiang is a suburban district (formerly a county) of Shanghai. It has a land area of 605.64 km2 (233.84 sq mi) and a population of 1,909,713 (2020). Owing to a long history, Songjiang is known as the cultural root of Shanghai.

Songjiang Town, the urban center of the district, was formerly the major city in the area. It is now connected to downtown Shanghai by Line 9 of the Shanghai Metro.
Jing Hao
Jing Hao (Chinese: 荆浩; Wade–Giles: Ching Hao; c. 855–915), courtesy name Haoran (浩然), art name Hongguzi (洪谷子), was a Chinese landscape painter and art theorist of the Tang and Later Liang dynasties.

As an artist, he is often cited along with his pupil, Guan Tong, as one of the most critical figures in the development of the style of monumental landscape painting which appeared near the end of the Five Dynasties period. Later this style would come to be known as the Northern Landscape style; it strongly influenced the tradition of Northern Song painters. As a theorist, he is the person most responsible for codifying the theories underlying the work of later painters, and his treatises on painting and aesthetics continued to serve as textbooks for Northern Song artists more than a century after his death.

Xie He (artist)
Xie He (simplified Chinese: 谢赫; traditional Chinese: 謝赫; pinyin: Xiè Hè; Wade–Giles: Hsieh He; fl. 6th century) was a Chinese art historian, art critic, painter, and writer of the Liu Song and Southern Qi dynasties. He is known for the "six principles of Chinese painting", which was found in the preface to his book The Record of the Classification of Old Painters (古畫品錄).
Bankia (instrument)
The Bankia is a traditional wind instrument from Rajasthan, India. It is made of bronze. It consists of a bugle-like tube and a saucer-shaped bell with an integrated mouthpiece. It produces powerful sound. It is commonly used during folk performances like the Chari and Kachchhi Ghodi  dances.

Bankia is also commonly played during weddings, religious ceremonies, and processions in Rajasthan. In earlier times, it was used to signal the arrival of royalty, and this association with grand occasions has continued over the years. It continues to be an important part of cultural and ceremonial events, particularly in folk performances.

Kachchhi Ghodi dance
Kachchhi Ghodi dance also spelled Kachhi Ghodi and Kachhi Gori, is an Indian folk dance that originated in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. It has since been adopted and performed throughout the rest of the country. Dancers wear novelty horse costumes, and participate in mock fights, while a singer narrates folk tales about local bandits. It is commonly performed during wedding ceremonies to welcome and entertain the bridegroom's party, and during other social settings. Performing the dance is also a profession for some individuals.
Yantalo District
Yantalo District is one of six districts of the province Moyobamba in Peru.

Yantalo is a "quechua" word meaning "wood carrier". As of today the "Yantalinos" walk every day to the forest to collect dry wood. They cut each piece of almost equal size, bundle them up and carry the wood on their backs, usually tied with a cloth around their forehead. Main use is for fire / cooking.

Districts of Peru
The districts of Peru (Spanish: distritos) are the third-level country subdivisions of Peru. They are subdivisions of the provinces, which in turn are subdivisions of the larger regions or departments. There are 1,838 districts in total.
Will Hare
Will T Hare (March 30, 1916 – August 31, 1997) was an American actor who appeared on television and films, often playing elderly figures and father/grandpa roles. He is perhaps best known for his role as Otis "Old Man" Peabody in Back to the Future (1985).

Eyes of Fire (film)
Eyes of Fire is a 1983 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Avery Crounse in his directorial debut, and starring Dennis Lipscomb, Guy Boyd, Rebecca Stanley, Karlene Crockett, Fran Ryan, Rob Paulsen, and Kerry Sherman. Set in 1750 on the American frontier, the film focuses on a preacher and his followers who, after being banished from their settlement, are tormented by the spirits of French colonialists in a remote forest.

An independent production, Eyes of Fire was filmed on location in Missouri in 1983. The film premiered in Los Angeles on July 13, 1984, before receiving subsequent screenings the following year. In the years since its release, it has been noted as an example of American folk horror cinema.
Action of 4 April 1808
The action of 4 April 1808 was a naval engagement off Rota, Andalusia in the Bay of Cádiz during the Napoleonic Wars. The Royal Navy warships HMS Alceste, HMS Mercury and HMS Grasshopper intercepted and defeated a large Spanish convoy protected by twenty gunboats and a train of batteries close to shore.

Bay of Cádiz
The Bay of Cádiz is a body of water in the province of Cádiz, Spain, adjacent to the southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

The Bay of Cádiz adjoins the Gulf of Cádiz, a larger body of water which is in the same area but further offshore.
Madonna of Roudnice
The Roudnice Madonna is a work by the Bohemian Master of the Třeboň Altarpiece from the period between 1385 and 1390. It came from the monastery of the Augustinian Canons in Roudnice nad Labem or from the Roudnice summer residence of Archbishop Jan of Jenštejn. The painting has been exhibited since 1946 in the permanent collection of medieval art at the National Gallery in Prague.

Jan of Jenštejn
Jan of Jenštejn (also John of Jenstein; Czech: Jan z Jenštejna; 1348 – 17 June 1400) was a Bohemian archbishop, composer and poet. From 1379 to 1396 he was the Archbishop of Prague. He studied in Bologna, Padua, Montpellier and Paris.
National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India
The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) is an organization of marketing cooperatives for agricultural produce in India. It was founded on the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi on 2 October 1958 to promote the trade of agricultural produce and forest resources across the nation. It is registered under Multi State Co-operative Societies Act. Headquarters in New Delhi, NAFED has four regional offices at Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, apart from 28 zonal offices.

NAFED is the nodal agency to implement price stabilization measures under Operation Greens which aims to double the farmers' income by 2022. NAFED along with FCI with proactive role of state governments also physically procures oilseeds, pulses and copra under the Price Support Scheme (PSS) which in turn is under the umbrella scheme of PM-AASHA. In 2008, it established, National Spot Exchange, a Commodities exchange as a joint venture of Financial Technologies (India) Ltd. (FTIL).

Retailers' cooperative
A retailers' cooperative is a type of cooperative which employs economies of scale on behalf of its retailer members. Retailers' cooperatives use their purchasing power to acquire discounts from manufacturers and often share marketing expenses. A retailers' cooperative is essentially a group of independently owned businesses that pool their resources to purchase in bulk, usually by establishing a central buying organization, and engage in joint promotion efforts. It is common for locally owned grocery stores, hardware stores, and pharmacies to participate in retailers' cooperatives.

Both consumers' cooperatives and workers' cooperatives should be distinguished from a retailers' cooperative.
Saima Tiik
Saima Tiik (married name Kiviloo; born 22 January 1957) is an Estonian athletics competitor.

She was born in Kohila, Rapla County. In 1975 she graduated from Estonian Sports Gymnasium (TSIK).

She began athletics training under the guidance of Vello Varik. She is multiple-times Estonian champion in different athletics disciplines. 1972–1982 she was a member of Estonian national athletics team.

Personal best:

100 m: 11,8 (with wind 11,7)

200 m: 24,4

100 m hurdles: 13,5

long jump: 6.14

heptathlon: 5198

Audentes Sports Gymnasium
Audentes Sports Gymnasium (Estonian: Audentese Spordigümnaasium) is a sports school in Tallinn, and with the branch in Otepää, Estonia.

School's history goes back to 1 September 1967 when Tallinn Sports Boarding School (Estonian: Tallinna Spordiinternaatkool) was established in Tallinn. In 1990, the school was re-organized, when Tallinn Sports College (Estonian: Tallinna Spordikolledž) and another sports school (Estonian: Eesti NSV laste- ja noorte spordikool) was merged. New name for the three merged schools became Estonian Sports Gymnasium (Estonian: Eesti Spordigümnaasium).

In 2000, Estonian Sports Gymnasium was acquired by AS Audentes. School was re-organized into Audentes Sports Gymnasium.
Eigersund
Eigersund is a municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is in the traditional district of Dalane. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Egersund. The town was known for its pottery factory (closed in 1979) and it is among Norway's biggest fishing ports. The villages of Helleland, Hellvik, and Hestnes are also in Eigersund.

The island of Eigerøya lies just off shore from Egersund. The island has several well-known businesses and attractions including the Eigerøy war memorial from World War II.

The 432-square-kilometre (167 sq mi) municipality is the 228th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Eigersund is the 80th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 15,011. The municipality's population density is 38.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (100/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.6% over the previous 10-year period.

Prestegjeld
A prestegjeld was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway (Den Norske Kirke) roughly equivalent to a parish. This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012.
Damoy Point
Damoy Point is a headland 900 metres (980 yd) west-northwest of Flag Point, the northern entrance point to the harbour of Port Lockroy, on the western side of Wiencke Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Gordon Barnier
Gordon Arthur Barnier (14 April 1928 – 11 July 2000) was an Australian politician. He was the Labor member for Blacktown in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1971 to 1981.

The son of Roy and Gertrude Barnier, he was educated at Cleveland Street High School. On 27 February 1954 he married Pamela, with whom he had seven children. He served on a number of local councils, including Blacktown Council, Prospect Council and Hawkesbury River Council, and was an executive member of the Local Government Election Association of New South Wales from 1964 to 1965.

In 1971, Barnier was selected as the Labor Party's candidate for the seat of Blacktown (the sitting member, Jim Southee, was contesting the new seat of Mount Druitt). He was elected without difficulty, and was returned in 1973, 1976 and 1978. In 1981 he was defeated for preselection by John Aquilina and retired. He died in Hornsby in 2000.

Blacktown City Council
Blacktown City Council is a local government area in Western Sydney, situated on the Cumberland Plain, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1906 as the Blacktown Shire and becoming the Municipality of Blacktown in 1961 before gaining city status in 1979, the City occupies an area of 246.9 square kilometres (95.3 sq mi) and has a population of 410,419, making it the most populous local government area in Sydney. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The Mayor of Blacktown City Council is Councillor Brad Bunting following the death of then-mayor Tony Bleasdale OAM, a member of the Australian Labor Party who died 3 May 2024.
1980 Nairobi hotel bombing
On 31 December 1980, New Year's Eve, a bomb exploded in The Norfolk Hotel in Nairobi, Kenya. It partially destroyed the hotel, killing 20 people and wounding another 87.

The owner of the hotel was a prominent member of the local Jewish community, and it has been suggested that the attack was in retaliation for Kenya providing support to rescue the Israeli hostages in Uganda during Operation Entebbe four years earlier. Among the dead were at least four Kenyans, two Americans, two British children, a Danish employee of KLM, a Frenchman, and a Belgian child. The bomber was said by the Kenyan government to be a Moroccan with a Maltese passport named Qaddura Mohammed Abd Al-Hamid, identified as a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) who departed on a flight to Saudi Arabia on the day of the bombing.

Maltese passport
The Maltese passport (Maltese: passaport Malti) is a passport that is issued to citizens of Malta. Every Maltese citizen is also a Commonwealth citizen and citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card, allows for free rights of movement and residence in all member states of the European Economic Area, as well as Switzerland.
Parapneumonic effusion
A parapneumonic effusion is a type of pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity) that arises as a result of a pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis.  There are three types of parapneumonic effusions: uncomplicated effusions, complicated effusions, and empyema.  Uncomplicated effusions generally respond well to appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Empyema
An empyema (/ˌɛmpaɪˈiːmə/; from Ancient Greek  ἐμπύημα (empúēma) 'abscess') is a collection or gathering of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity. The term is most commonly used to refer to pleural empyema, which is empyema of the pleural cavity. It is similar to or the same as abscess in meaning, but the context of use may sometimes be different. For instance, an appendicular empyema is in medicine now generally called an abscess.

Empyema most commonly occurs as a complication of pneumonia but can also result from other infections or conditions that lead to the collection of infected fluid in a body cavity.
Daf-5
Daf-5 is an ortholog of the mammalian protein Sno/Ski，which present in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans on the downstream of TGFβ signaling pathway. Without daf-7 signal, daf-5 combined with daf-3, co-SMAD for C. elegans, to form a heterodimer and started dauer development.

SKI protein
The SKI protein is a nuclear proto-oncogene that is associated with tumors at high cellular concentrations.  SKI has been shown to interfere with normal cellular functioning by both directly impeding expression of certain genes inside the nucleus of the cell as well as disrupting signaling proteins that activate genes.

SKI negatively regulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) by directly interacting with Smads and repressing the transcription of TGF-beta responsive genes.  This has been associated with cancer due to the large number of roles that peptide growth factors, of which TGF-beta are a subfamily, play in regulating cellular functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, specification, and developmental fate.

The name SKI comes from the Sloan-Kettering Institute where the protein was initially discovered.
August-Martin Euler
August-Martin Euler (9 May 1908 in Kassel – 4 February 1966 in Brussels) was a German politician (FDP, later FVP and German Party). He was state chairman of the FDP in Hesse from 1947 to 1956, a member of the German Bundestag from 1949 to 1958, and chairman of the FDP parliamentary group there from 1951 to 1952. In 1956, he led a breakaway from the FDP faction, the so-called Euler Group.

German Party (1947)
The German Party (German: Deutsche Partei, DP) was a national-conservative and monarchist political party in West Germany active during the post-war years. The party's ideology appealed to sentiments of German nationalism and nostalgia for the German Empire.
Law enforcement in the Azores
Law enforcement in the Azores is part of the law enforcement in Portugal.

The atlantic archipelago of Azores constitutes one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal, with a number of devolved powers being performed by its Regional Government. However, the law enforcement in the region remains mainly under the responsibility  of the Central Government of Portugal, being performed by the several Portuguese national police agencies. There are, however, minor law enforcement agencies dependent from the Regional Government of Azores like the forest police and the sanitary, food and economical police. Also, at the end of 2009, Ponta Delgada became the first city of a Portuguese autonomous region to create its own municipal police force.

The several law enforcement agencies that operate in the Azores police a population of 240,000 people over an area of 2,333 km2.

Autonomous Regions of Portugal
The two autonomous regions of Portugal from 1999 (Portuguese: Regiões Autónomas de Portugal) are the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores) and Madeira (Região Autónoma da Madeira). Together with Continental Portugal (Portugal Continental), they form the Portuguese Republic.
Kathy Beauregard
Kathy Beauregard (born May 17, 1957) is the former director of athletics for Western Michigan University. She previously served as an associate athletic director at Western Michigan from 1989 to 1997, and as women's gymnastics head coach at Western Michigan from 1980 to 1988. Beauregard graduated from Hope College with a bachelor's degree in 1979, and from Western Michigan University with a master's degree in 1981. Beauregard's hiring of football coach P. J. Fleck in 2013 propelled the Broncos football team to its greatest successes in program history, culminating in a 13–1 record in 2016 and berth in the 2017 Cotton Bowl. Beauregard retired as athletic director at Western Michigan on December 31, 2021.

Hope College
Hope College is a private Christian liberal arts college in Holland, Michigan, United States. It was originally opened in 1851 as the Pioneer School by Dutch immigrants four years after the community was first settled. The first freshman college class matriculated in 1862, and Hope received its state charter in 1866. Hope College is affiliated with the Reformed Church in America and retains a Christian atmosphere. Its 120-acre (49 ha) campus is adjacent to the downtown commercial district and has been shared with Western Theological Seminary since 1884. The Hope College campus is located near the eastern shores of Lake Michigan and is 2.5 hours away from two major cities, Chicago and Detroit.
Kerne Bridge
Kerne Bridge is a hamlet in south Herefordshire, England, about 3.5 miles (6 km) south of the market town of Ross-on-Wye on the B4234 Ross-on-Wye to Coleford road adjacent to Bishopswood. Situated on the left bank of the River Wye, it takes its modern name from the nineteenth century bridge over the river. It was once a significant stop on the now disused and abandoned Monmouth to Ross-on-Wye railway, and is now known for a popular canoe-launching site. It marks the northern start of the Upper Wye Gorge and is situated in the heart of the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Upper Wye Gorge
Upper Wye Gorge is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), noted for its biological and geological characteristics, around Symonds Yat in the Wye Valley on the Wales–England border. The site is listed in the "Forest of Dean Local Plan Review" as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).
Gero (company)
Gero is a privately held biotechnology company that applies AI and ML methods to research on aging and age-related diseases. The company focuses on computational analysis of large-scale human health data to identify potential biological targets for drug discovery. Gero operates primarily at the preclinical research stage.

Preclinical development
In drug development,  preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.

The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.

Companies use stylized statistics to illustrate the risks in preclinical research, such as that on average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
Raymond E. Wyant
Raymond E. Wyant is the former Chief Judge of the Provincial Court of Manitoba, Canada. He was appointed as a judge in 1998 and made chief judge in 2002 and acted as such until 2009. Wyant received his law degree from the University of Manitoba. Before being appointed to the bench, he worked both as a defence lawyer and as a crown attorney. He has taught courses in Criminal Law and advocacy at the University of Manitoba.  Judge Wyant is also a deputy judge of the Yukon Territorial Court.

Provincial Court of Manitoba
The Provincial Court of Manitoba (French: Cour provinciale du Manitoba) is the lower trial court of the Province of Manitoba. It has mainly a criminal jurisdiction, as well as limited concurrent jurisdiction with the Court of King's Bench in matters of family law that originate outside of Winnipeg.

It also hears all Youth Court cases in the province; all matters subject to Provincial Offences Act, such as those under The Highway Traffic Act and The Liquor Control Act; presides over inquests under The Fatality Inquiries Act; and reviews alleged police misconduct under The Law Enforcement Review Act.

Over 95% of all criminal cases in Manitoba take place in the Provincial Court.
Boroszewo
Boroszewo [bɔrɔˈʂɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tczew, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.