hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Murray (colonial administrator)
General John Murray (c. 1739 – 4 May 1824) was an Irish-born British Army officer and colonial administrator in British North America and South America. Murray joined the British Army in 1760 and rose to the rank of brigadier general in 1796. He was also an administrator of Cape Breton from 1799 to 1801.

Murray is notable in that during his short period as administrator, he made important improvements of roads and coal mining operations among other things.

He died in Paris in 1824.

His eldest son, Lieutenant General John Murray, was Governor of Demerara from 1813 to 1814 and then for Demerara-Essequibo from 1814 to 1824. His second son, Freeman Murray, was Governor of Bermuda.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Viljo Revell
Viljo Gabriel Revell (25 January 1910 – 8 November 1964) was a Finnish architect of the functionalist school. In Finland he is best known for the design of the Lasipalatsi ("Glass Palace") and Palace Hotel, both in Helsinki. Internationally, Revell is best known for designing the New City Hall of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Tapiola
Tapiola (Finnish: [ˈtɑpiolɑ]; Swedish: Hagalundⓘ) is a district of the municipality of Espoo on the south coast of Finland, and is one of the major urban centres of Espoo. It is located in the western part of Helsinki capital region. The name Tapiola is derived from Tapio, who is the forest god of Finnish mythology, especially as expressed in the Kalevala.

Tapiola was largely constructed in the 1950s and 1960s by the Finnish housing foundation and was designed as a garden city. It is the location of the Espoo cultural centre, the Espoo Museum of Modern Art (EMMA), the Espoo city museum, and the Espoo City Theatre.

According to the Finnish National Board of Antiquities, Tapiola was the largest and most valuable example of the 1960s construction ideologies in Finland. Its architecture and landscaping that combine urban living with nature have attracted tourists ever since.
Ordu–Giresun Airport
Ordu–Giresun  Airport (IATA: OGU, ICAO: LTCB) (Turkish: Ordu-Giresun Havalimanı) is an airport on an artificial island just off the coast of  Gülyalı,  a town in Ordu Province, Turkey and Piraziz,  a town in Giresun Province, Turkey. It is located 19 km (12 mi) away from Ordu and 25 km (16 mi) from Giresun city centres. It is the third artificial island airport in the world.

Giresun
Giresun (pronounced [giˈɾesun]) is a city in the Black Sea Region of northeastern Turkey, about 175 km (109 mi) west of the city of Trabzon. It is the seat of Giresun Province and Giresun District. It has a population of 125,682 (2022).
Paloich Airport
Paloich Airport, Heliport (also Palogue, Palouge Paloug, Paluge) is the airport in the Melut County of Upper Nile State  in South Sudan which provides transport operations for the adjacent Palogue oil field and the settlement Paloich.

Upper Nile (state)
Upper Nile is a state in South Sudan. The White Nile flows through the state, giving it its name. The state also shares a similar name with the region of Greater Upper Nile, of which it was part along with the states of Unity and Jonglei. It had an area of 77,823 square kilometres (30,048 sq mi). Malakal was the capital of the state. The towns of Upper Nile State include Akoka, Melut, Renk, Kodok along with its numerous counties such as Ulang County, Maiwut County and Nasir County. The Greater Upper Nile is the location of the Fashoda Incident that ended the "Scramble for Africa", and is located in the historical state of Upper Nile. The Upper Nile State seceded from Sudan as part of the Republic of South Sudan on 9 July 2011.

In October 2015, the states of South Sudan were reorganized into 28 states by President Salva Kiir. This was reversed as the result of a peace agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

In South Sudan it is the lowest portion of the Nile.
Šimun Milinović
Šimun Milinović (24 February 1835 in Lovreć – 24 March 1910 in Bar) was a Croatian Roman Catholic priest and Franciscan who was the Serbian Primate (Primas Serbiae) and Archbishop of Antivari from 1886 to 1910.

Milinović was Croat by nationality, born in village Lovreć in southern Croatia (in the province Dalmatia), part of the Austrian Empire. He was ordained a priest on April 11, 1859. In 1862 he went to the imperial capital Vienna, where he continued his studies in history, geography and slavistics. He returned to Sinj in 1865, where he worked as teacher in gymnasium.

In 1886, he was named archbishop of Bar in Montenegro by Pope Leo XIII. In 1902 he requested a reconfirmation of the title "Serbian Primate" from the Pope, which was formally granted to him. He served in this position until his death in 1910.

Sinj
Sinj (Croatian: [sîːɲ]) is a town in the continental part of Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. As of the 2021 census, the population was 23,500 people, of which 10,800 inhabited its urban core.

Sinj is known for a knights' tournament of Sinjska alka, which has been held since the beginning of the 18th century as a sign of victory over the Ottoman Empire, and for the shrine of Our Lady of Sinj. The urban center of Sinj is a protected cultural heritage site.
2008 World Wrestling Championships
The 2008 Women's World Wrestling Championships were held at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan. The event took place from October 11 to October 13, 2008. The competition only featured wrestling in the Female Freestyle event. Traditionally, Wrestling World Championships are not held in Olympic years, but in 2008 a female championship was held because the 2008 Summer Olympics included only four of the seven FILA weight classes for females.

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Cath Rae
Catherine Rae (born 10 February 1985 in Aberdeen) is a female field hockey goalkeeper from Scotland.

She played club hockey for Grange Edinburgh Ladies then Kelburne Hockey Club.

She made her debut for the Women's National Team in 2006. Rae was awarded Goalkeeper of the Tournament at both the 2004 U21 European Championships and the 2001 U16 European Championships.

Scotland women's national field hockey team
The Scotland women's national field hockey team represents Scotland in international women's field hockey competitions, with the exception of the Olympic Games when Scottish players are eligible to play for the Great Britain women's national field hockey team as selected. Scotland recently participated in the inaugural season of the FIH Hockey World League, but were knocked out in round 2, failing to qualify for the 2014 Hockey World Cup in The Hague, Netherlands. As of November 2015 they are seventeenth in the FIH outdoor world rankings.
Gusukuma Shūshin
Gusukuma Ueekata Shūshin (城間 親方 秀信; 1507 – 1585), also known by his Chinese style name Katsu Kashō (葛 可昌), was a bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

In the summer of 1555, King Shō Sei became seriously ill. The king ordered three members of Sanshikan, Gusukuma Shūshin, Kunigami Keimei and Aragusuku Anki, to assist the Crown Prince Shō Gen. But Gusukuma and Kunigami broke their promises, they wanted to install Prince Shō Kanshin (尚 鑑心) instead of Shō Gen. Aragusuku stood in the audience hall with a naginata in his hand, and called on all ministers to comply with the will. Finally, Shō Gen became the new king successfully. Gusukuma and Kunigami were exiled to Iheya Island and Kume Island in 1559, respectively. They lost official position and peerage and were forbidden to come back to Shuri until their political opponent Aragusuku died 1567. He regained his peerage and was given Jana village (謝名) of Chatan magiri (北谷間切) as his new hereditary fief.

Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
Heartbreaker (Loïc Nottet song)
"Heartbreaker" is a song by Belgian singer Loïc Nottet. It was released on 19 February 2020 by Sony Music as the fourth single from his second studio album Sillygomania. The song was written by Nottet and Amy Morrey.

Loïc Nottet
Loïc Jean-Pierre Nottet (French pronunciation: [lɔik nɔtɛ]; born 10 April 1996) is a Belgian singer, songwriter and dancer. He began his career as a singer in the third season of The Voice Belgique in 2014 and represented Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015, where he placed fourth with his song "Rhythm Inside".

After the contest, he released "Million Eyes", the first single from his debut album Selfocracy, which later topped the charts in Belgium, reached number eight in France and number twenty in Switzerland. His second studio album Sillygomania was released on 29 May 2020.
2013 French Open – Mixed doubles
Sania Mirza and Mahesh Bhupathi were the defending champions, but decided not to participate together.
Mirza played alongside Robert Lindstedt, but lost in the first round to Cara Black and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi, while Bhupathi competed with Casey Dellacqua, but lost to Anastasia Rodionova and Santiago González in the first round.
Lucie Hradecká and František Čermák won the title, defeating Kristina Mladenovic and Daniel Nestor in the final, 1–6, 6–4, [10–6].

Robert Lindstedt
Robert Lindstedt (born 19 March 1977) is a Swedish former professional tennis player who specialized in doubles. He turned professional in 1998, and reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 3 in May 2013. Lindstedt won his first Grand Slam title at the 2014 Australian Open with partner Łukasz Kubot. He has also reached four finals at the Wimbledon Championships: in 2010, 2011 and 2012 alongside Horia Tecău in men's doubles, and in 2019 with Jeļena Ostapenko in mixed doubles.

Lindstedt has won 23 doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including one at Masters 1000 level at the 2012 Western & Southern Open. He represented Sweden in the Davis Cup from 2007 to 2021, as well as at the 2012 Olympic Games.
Division of Charlton
The Division of Charlton was an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. The division was created in 1984 and is named for Matthew Charlton, who was Leader of the Australian Labor Party 1922–28.

The division was located in the Hunter region of New South Wales, including the coal-mining towns of Cardiff and Wallsend as well as Toronto, Morisset, Cooranbong, Brightwaters, Windermere Park, Sunshine, Glendale and Warners Bay.

The division was renamed Division of Hunter in the 2016 federal election, while the previous Division of Hunter was abolished in the same election. The last Member for Charlton, from the 2013 federal election, was Pat Conroy, a member of the Australian Labor Party.

Toronto, New South Wales
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/ ⓘ tə-RONT-oh) is a lakeside suburb within the City of Lake Macquarie, Greater Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia, approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Newcastle's central business district and is a commercial hub for the sprawling suburbs on the western shore of the lake. It is one of the major centres in the City of Lake Macquarie.
West Scotia Basin
The West Scotia Basin is an oceanic basin in the South Atlantic Ocean, near its border with the Southern Ocean. The basin is found southeast of Tierra del Fuego, south of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, west of the South Sandwich Islands, north of the South Orkney Islands and northeast of the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula. It forms the western portion of the Scotia Plate.

The basin's floor is covered by a variety of minerals, likely to be volcanically or glacially derived. Dredge sites from the West Scotia Ridge primarily yielded basaltic rocks (eg. lava, hyaloclastites) along with smaller quantities of granitoids, metasedimentary rocks and gneiss. Recovered samples from the North Scotia Ridge contained glacial striations, such as pelite, sandstone, paragneiss, granitoids, biotite-quartz schists,porphyrites and tonalite.

Pelite
A pelite (from Ancient Greek  πηλός (pēlós) 'clay, earth') or metapelite is a metamorphosed fine-grained sedimentary rock, i.e. mudstone or siltstone. The term was earlier used by geologists to describe a clay-rich, fine-grained clastic sediment or sedimentary rock, i.e. mud or a mudstone, the metamorphosed version of which would technically have been a metapelite. It was equivalent to the now little-used Latin-derived term lutite. A semipelite is defined in part as having similar chemical composition but being of a crystalloblastic nature.

Pettijohn (1975) gives the following descriptive terms based on grain size, avoiding the use of terms such as clay or argillaceous which carry an implication of chemical composition. The Ancient Greek terms are more commonly used for metamorphosed rocks, and the Latin for unmetamorphosed:
Hilde Drexler
Hilde Drexler (born 1 December 1983 in Vienna) is an Austrian judoka. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she competed in the Women's 63 kg, but was defeated in the second round.

Together with her club Vienna Samurai, she has won the Austrian women's team championships several times and placed in the Golden League twice.

Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 63 kg
Women's 63 kg competition in judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place at ExCeL London.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver.  Judo events awarded two bronze medals.  Quarterfinal losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semifinal loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarterfinals A and B competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semifinal loser from the other half of the bracket).
Emerald Icefalls
The Emerald Icefalls (62°9′S 58°34′W﻿ / ﻿62.150°S 58.567°W﻿ / -62.150; -58.567) are icefalls along the north side of Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. They were so named by the Polish Antarctic Expedition, in 1980, from the color of the serac.

Polish Antarctic Expedition
The Polish Antarctic Expedition to the A. B. Dobrowolski Polar Station was conducted by a team of doctors, geophysicists, and geomorphologists between 1978 and 1979. It was sponsored by the Polish Academy of Sciences. This was the third expedition organised by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and included establishing a geodetic network in the Bunger Oasis, setting up an astronomical reference point, magnetic observations, and photogrammetric surveys to make maps of the vicinity of the station.
Amsar, Republic of Dagestan
Amsar (Russian: Амсар; Rutul: Амцурды) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Amsarsky Selsoviet, Rutulsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  460 (2010 Census); 520 (2002 Census); 384 (1989 Soviet census). There are 5 streets.

Rutulsky District
Rutulsky District (Russian: Руту́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 2,188 square kilometers (845 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Rutul. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 22,926, with the population of Rutul accounting for 18.0% of that number.
Zurab Pochkhua
Zurab Pochkhua (Georgian: ზურაბ ფოჩხუა) (born July 11, 1963) is a Georgian colonel. He was the commander of Georgian Air Force from September 15, 2008  to 2010.

In 1998 Pochkhua finished short courses of air defense at Zhukov Command Academy of Air Defense in Tver, Russia.

Pochkhua served as Commander of Communication Company of the First Anti-aircraft Rocket Brigade from 1993 to 1995. Then as a Chief of Staff of the First Air Defense Base from 1995 to 2002 and as a Commander of Command Control Center (C3) of the Georgian Air Force from 2002 to 2005.

From 2005 and during 2008 war with Russia Pochkhua was a Deputy Commander of Georgian Air Force and Chief of the Air Defense of Air Forces. He was commander of the Air Force from 2008 to 2010. He then served as a defense attache to Ukraine.

Zurab Pochkhua has been awarded with Medal for Military Courage (2000) and St. George's Victory Order (2008).

Georgian Air Force
The Aviation and Air Defence Command of the Defence Forces (Georgian: თავდაცვის ძალების ავიაციისა და საჰაერო თავდაცვის სარდლობა, romanized: tavdatsvis dzalebis aviatsiisa da sahaero tavdatsvis sardloba), formerly Georgian Air Force (Georgian: საქართველოს საჰაერო ძალები, sak’art’velos sahaero dzalebi), is the air force of the Defense Forces of Georgia. It was established as part of the Georgian Armed Forces in 1992 and merged into Army Air Section in 2010. As part of reforms in the Georgian military, the Air Force was reestablished as a separate command of the Defense Forces in 2016.
Periyar and the eradication of caste
Periyar E. V. Ramasamy (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), also known as Ramaswami, EVR, Thanthai Periyar was a Dravidian social reformer and politician from India, who founded the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. On the caste system in India, Periyar dealt harshly with the practice of discrimination and its subordination of the different levels it created in society. He attacked those who used the system to take advantage of the masses through exploitation and subjugation.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Fulvifomes robiniae
Fulvifomes robiniae, commonly called the cracked cap polypore, is a fungus of the family of Hymenochaetaceae. The fungus primarily infests black locusts, aided by openings caused by Megacyllene robiniae infestation, but also grows on various other trees such as Carya, oak, and Acacia. Cracked cap polypore is sympatric with most of its hosts. It has a brown spore print, leaving brown streaks on the tree below the fungus.

The species was formerly considered part of the genus Phellinus, but was moved to the genus Fulvifomes when that genus was resurrected based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence.

Sympatry
In biology, two closely related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter each other. An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation – which prevents hybrid offspring from being viable or able to reproduce, thereby reducing gene flow – that results in genetic divergence. Sympatric speciation may, but need not, arise through secondary contact, which refers to speciation or divergence in allopatry followed by range expansions leading to an area of sympatry. Sympatric species or taxa in secondary contact may or may not interbreed.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This technique is also called micropropagation. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows.

Broth
Broth, also known as bouillon (French pronunciation: [bujɔ̃] ⓘ), is a savory liquid made of water in which meat, fish, or vegetables have been simmered for a period of time. It can be eaten alone, but it is most commonly used to prepare other dishes, such as soups, gravies, and sauces.

Commercially prepared liquid broths are available, typically chicken, beef, fish, and vegetable varieties. Dehydrated broth in the form of bouillon cubes was commercialized beginning in the early 20th century.
Lotanna (given name)
Lotanna audioⓘ is a unisex name from the Igbo tribe of South Eastern Nigeria. The name means "remember  father".

Notable individuals with the name include:

Lotanna Nwogbo, American-Nigerian basketball player

Lotanna Nwogbo
Lotanna Afam Nwogbo Listenⓘ (born May 30, 1993) is an American-Nigerian basketball player for Estudiantes of the Primera FEB. Standing at 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) tall, he plays as a center or power forward.
The League of Songs
The League of Songs (Spanish: La liga de las canciones) is a 1941 Mexican musical comedy film directed by Chano Urueta and starring Ramón Armengod, Mapy Cortés and Domingo Soler. It was shot at the Azteca Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director José Rodríguez Granada. It was part of the tradition of Ranchera films, popular during the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema.

Ranchera
Ranchera (pronounced [ranˈtʃeɾa]) or canción ranchera is a genre of traditional music of Mexico. It dates to before the years of the Mexican Revolution. Rancheras today are played in the vast majority of regional Mexican music styles. Drawing on rural traditional folk music, the ranchera developed as a symbol of a new national consciousness in reaction to the aristocratic tastes of the period.