hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Rowles
Peter George Rowles (born 18 November 1952) is an Australian former rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. In union he represented Australia and in league he played in the NSWRFL Premiership for the Western Suburbs and Newtown clubs.

Son of record-breaking Manly-Warringah rugby league player Ron Rowles, Peter, a fly-half, was born in Wollongong, New South Wales and claimed a total of 2 international rugby caps for Australia.

Peter Rowles switched to playing rugby league in the mid-1970s, playing 2 seasons of reserve grade with Manly-Warringah before switching to play three seasons with the Western Suburbs Magpies in 1977, 1978 and 1980. In 1978 Rowles set the Western Suburbs club's record for most points in a season with 215 (8 tries, 94 goals, 3 field goals). He switched to Newtown Jets in 1979. Peter Rowles retired in 1981.

New South Wales Rugby League premiership
The New South Wales Rugby League premiership was the first rugby league football club competition established in Australia and contributor to today's National Rugby League. Run by the New South Wales Rugby League (initially named the New South Wales Rugby Football League) from 1908 until 1994, the premiership was the state's elite rugby league competition, parallel to Queensland's first-class league, the Brisbane Rugby League.

For most of the premiership's history it was contested by clubs from the state of New South Wales only, but later attempted to grow into a nationwide competition, eventually leading to the competition being played under the auspices of the Australian Rugby League in 1995.  Despite this name, the 1995 and 1996 Australian Rugby League Premierships competitions were still administered by the Board and staff of the New South Wales Rugby League.
Nuttapart Tuntistinchai
Nuttapart Tuntistinchai (Thai: ณัฐภัทร ตันติสถิรชัย), also known as Poom (ภูมิ), is a Thai actor. He is best known for starring in the BL series My Sweetheart Jom (2025) and Peach Lover (2026). He also appeared in productions such as The Sign (2023), The Loyal Pin (2024) and Dream (2024).

The Loyal Pin
The Loyal Pin (Thai: ปิ่นภักดิ์) is a Thai historical romance television series that premiered on Workpoint TV and the IdolFactory channel on YouTube on 4 August 2024, and ran until 17 November 2024. It stars Rebecca Patricia Armstrong and Sarocha Chankimha. Adapted by MonMaw (ม่อนแมว) from the novel of the same name, it is directed by Kittisak Cheewasatjasakun, and produced by IdolFactory.
Gifu Air Field
Gifu Air Field (岐阜飛行場, Gifu Hikōjō) (ICAO: RJNG) is a military air base of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force Gifu Airbase (岐阜基地, Gifu Kichi). It is located in Kakamigahara City, 7.0 NM (13.0 km; 8.1 mi) east of Gifu in the Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is home to the Kakamigahara Air and Space Museum.

Air base
An airbase or air base, sometimes referred to as a military airbase, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base, is an aerodrome or airport used as a military base by a military force for operating military aircraft.
Paul Knight
Paul Knight (born 30 April 1959) is a Welsh former rugby union international.

Knight, born in Trealaw, was a tighthead prop who played for Aberavon, Pontypridd and Treorchy. In 1982, he was in the West of Wales team that faced Australia at Stradey Park. He gained five Wales caps during his career, starting with two Test appearances on Wales' 1990 Namibia tour, then was capped in a match against the Barbarians later that year. In the 1991 Five Nations, he played in the first two matches, before losing his place to Neath prop John Davies.

While with Treorchy in 1995, Knight was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, forcing him to retire from the sport. He uses a wheelchair and lives in an adapted home with wife Jennifer. His story was documented in a biography titled The Paul Knight Story in 2023.

Trealaw
Trealaw is a long village, also a community and electoral ward in the Rhondda Valley, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. It stretches over two miles (three kilometres) from the junction of Cemetery Road and Brithweunydd Road in the east, to the junction of Ynyscynon Road and Partridge Road to the northwest.
Gofraid
Gofraid is an Irish masculine given name, arising in the Old Irish and Middle Irish/Middle Gaelic languages, as Gofhraidh, and later partially Anglicised as Goffraid.

Gofraid corresponds to the Old Norse Guðfriðr, cognate with Gottfried or Godfredus, and Galfrid or Galfridus. Gofraid/Gofhraidh was sometimes also used for Guðrøðr (partially Anglicized as Godred, Guthred, or Guthfrith, Latinised as Godredus).

Gofraid can be Anglicised as Godfrey, Geoffrey or Caffrey.

The lenited variant spelling Gofraidh (or Gofraiḋ, with a diacritic in the older Irish orthography, especially in Gaelic type), was influenced by the Old French Godefroy.

Goraidh and, less commonly, Goiridh are equivalents in the Scottish Gaelic language (from Guðrøðr).

Irish orthography
Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write the Irish language. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar. The reform removed inter-dialectal silent letters, simplified some letter sequences, and modernised archaic spellings to reflect modern pronunciation, but it also removed letters pronounced in some dialects but not in others.

Irish spelling represents all Irish dialects to a high degree despite their considerable phonological variation, e.g. crann ("tree") is read /kɾˠan̪ˠ/ in Mayo and Ulster, /kɾˠaːn̪ˠ/ in Galway, or /kɾˠəun̪ˠ/ in Munster. Some words may have dialectal pronunciations not reflected by their standard spelling, and they sometimes have distinct dialectal spellings to reflect this.
Bruce Woodley
Bruce William Woodley AO (born 25 July 1942) is an Australian singer-songwriter and musician. He was a founding member of the successful folk-pop group the Seekers, and co-composer of the songs "I Am Australian," "Red Rubber Ball," and Simon & Garfunkel's "Cloudy."

Folk-pop
Folk-pop is a broad musical fusion genre that includes contemporary folk songs with pop arrangements, and pop songs with intimate, acoustic-based folk arrangements. Folk-pop has been popularized by mainstream media in recent years.
Thomas Bonnet
Thomas Bonnet (born (1998-09-13)13 September 1998) is a French road and cyclo-cross racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Team TotalEnergies. He won the bronze medal in the men's junior event at the 2016 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships in Heusden-Zolder.

Team TotalEnergies
Team TotalEnergies (UCI team code: TEN) is a professional road bicycle racing team that competes as a UCI ProTeam in UCI Continental Circuits races and UCI World Tour races when invited as a wild card entry. In previous years, the team was known as Brioches La Boulangère, Bonjour, Bouygues Télécom, Bbox Bouygues Telecom, and Europcar. The 2015 season was the last under the sponsorship of Europcar. The team has been sponsored by Direct Énergie since 2016.
Rhys Youlley
Rhys Youlley is an Australian professional soccer player who plays for Sydney FC in the A-League Men. He grew up in Sydney as a junior before moving to Westerlo in Belgium. He has represented Australia at U20 & U23 level, playing in the AFC U23 Asian Cup in 2024 with the Olyroos.

K.V.C. Westerlo
Koninklijke Voetbal Club Westerlo (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈvudbɑl ˌklʏp ˈʋɛstərloː]; often simply called Westerlo) is a Belgian professional football club located in the municipality of Westerlo in the province of Antwerp. Since 1997–98, Westerlo has been mostly playing in the Belgian Pro League, save for a short stint in the Belgian Second Division between 2012 and 2014.  Their highest finish is a 6th place in 1999–00, 2003–04 and 2008–09. They have won one Belgian Cup. The only player who has ever been called up for the Belgium national football team while at Westerlo is Toni Brogno (7 caps, all of them while at Westerlo).

The club was founded in 1933, receiving the matricule number 2024. Their colours are yellow and blue. They play their home matches at the Het Kuipje.
Shoemaker frog
The shoemaker frog (Neobatrachus sutor) is a species of frog in the family Limnodynastidae. It is found in Western Australia. Its natural habitats are temperate scrub, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, intermittent freshwater marshes, hot deserts, and temperate desert. The frog is named after the noise they make which sounds like a hammer in use. The frog is yellow to golden in colour. It usually has some brown blotches and is at maximum 5 cm.  When they breed, the female frog lays 200 – 1000 eggs.

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is generally characterized by dry summers and rainy winters, although in some areas rainfall may be uniform. Summers are typically hot in low-lying inland locations, but can be cool near colder seas; while winters are typically mild to cool in low-lying locations, but can be cold in inland and higher locations. These ecoregions are highly distinctive, collectively harboring 10% of the Earth's plant species.
Bogenhofen Seminary
Bogenhofen Seminary or Seminar Schloss Bogenhofen is a Seventh-day Adventist seminary of theology, Oberstufenrealgymnasium (high school), and language school in the Innviertel region of Upper Austria.

It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Aiko Miyanaga
Aiko Miyanaga (born 1974) is a contemporary Japanese artist known for sculpture and installation works that give visual form to time by revealing the evidential traces of its passing. Miyanaga has made many works using naphthalene which leads to the disintegration of the work over time.

Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.
Sanchez-Mira
Sanchez Mira, officially the Municipality of Sanchez Mira (Ibanag: Ili nat Sanchez Mira; Ilocano: Ili ti Sanchez Mira; Tagalog: Bayan ng Sanchez Mira), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 26,292 people.

Cagayan Valley
Cagayan Valley (Ilocano: Tanap ti Cagayan; Filipino: Lambak ng Cagayan; Spanish: Valle del Cagayán), designated as Region II, is an administrative region in the Philippines. Located in the northeastern section of Luzon, it is composed of five Philippine provinces: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino. The region hosts four chartered cities: Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago, and Tuguegarao (the regional center and largest city).

Most of its land area lies in the valley between the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The eponymous Cagayan River, the country's largest and longest, runs through the region, flows from the Caraballo Mountains, and ends in Aparri. Cagayan Valley is the second-largest Philippine administrative region by land area. According to a literacy survey in 2019, 93% of Cagayan Valley's citizens (ages 10 to 64) are functionally literate, which is 5th out of the 17 regions of the Philippines.
Charles Herbert Brereton
Charles Herbert Brereton (January 8, 1845 – September 6, 1908) was an Ontario medical doctor and political figure. He represented Durham East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1882 to 1886 as a Conservative member.

He was born in West Gwillimbury, Canada West in 1845, the son of Cloudesley Shovell Brereton who came to Upper Canada from Norfolk, England. He studied at Victoria College in Cobourg and, after completing his studies in medicine, set up practice in Bethany. He married Eliza L. Proctor in 1876. Brereton was first elected to the provincial assembly in a by-election held after the death of John Rosevear and was reelected in the general election held in 1883. He served as lieutenant in the Durham Field Battery for a number of years. Brereton was a member of the local Freemason lodge.

He died at his son's home in Saskatchewan in 1908.

Bradford West Gwillimbury
Bradford West Gwillimbury is a town in south-central Ontario, Canada, in Simcoe County in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (but not the Greater Toronto Area) on the Holland River. West Gwillimbury takes its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe, née Gwillim.

The former Town of Bradford was amalgamated with portions of the former Townships of West Gwillimbury and Tecumseth to become the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury on January 1, 1991.
The Prince Who Wanted to See the World
The Prince Who Wanted to See the World (Portuguese: O Príncipe que foi correr a sua Ventura) is a Portuguese fairy tale, collected first by Portuguese writer Theophilo Braga. Andrew Lang included it in The Violet Fairy Book.

Andrew Lang
Andrew Lang FBA (31 March 1844 – 20 July 1912) was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University of St Andrews are named after him.
2015 Aylesbury Vale District Council election
The 2015 Aylesbury Vale District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Aylesbury Vale District Council in Buckinghamshire, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 2011. The Conservative Party remained in overall control of the council.

Aylesbury Vale
The Aylesbury Vale (or Vale of Aylesbury) is a geographical region in Buckinghamshire, England, covering the predominantly rural area between Milton Keynes and the Chilterns. It is named after its main town, Aylesbury, the county town of Buckinghamshire. Other key settlements in the region include Winslow and Buckingham.

The bed of the vale is largely made up of clay that was formed at the end of the last ice age.

Before 2020, there was a local government district known as Aylesbury Vale. It was succeeded by the unitary district of Buckinghamshire during local government restructuring in 2020.

In the 2020 census, the population of Aylesbury Vale was 205,426. In the 2001 census, the population of Aylesbury Vale was 165,748, representing an increase since 1991 of 18,600 people. About half of those live in Aylesbury.
Reification (fallacy)
Reification (also known as concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) is a fallacy of ambiguity, when an abstraction (abstract belief or hypothetical construct) is treated as if it were a concrete real event or physical entity.
In other words, it is the error of treating something that is not concrete, such as an idea, as a concrete thing. A common case of reification is the confusion of a model with reality: "the map is not the territory".

Reification is part of normal usage of natural language, as well as of literature, where a reified abstraction is intended as a figure of speech, and actually understood as such. But the use of reification in logical reasoning or rhetoric is misleading and usually regarded as a fallacy.

A potential consequence of reification is exemplified by Goodhart's law, where changes in the measurement of a phenomenon are mistaken for changes to the phenomenon itself.

Figure of speech
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a category of literary or linguistic terms, with two related meanings. The first meaning is the broader and more technical one: a synonym for literary device, particularly when divided into two sub-types: schemes, variations deviating from the usual sequence of words, and tropes or figures, deviations of the words themselves from ordinary usage. This meaning dates back to the Renaissance humanists, themselves inspired by the classical rhetoricians.

The second meaning of figure of speech is narrower and its most common one colloquially—essentially, a synonym for trope as defined above: any word or phrase that deviates from straightforward language use or literal meaning to produce a persuasive or other intensified effect (emotionally, aesthetically, intellectually, etc.). In the distinction between literal and figurative language, figures of speech constitute the latter.

This article focuses on the first, broader meaning.
United Kingdom–Venezuela relations
United Kingdom–Venezuela relations are the bilateral relations between the United Kingdom and Venezuela since  1821 when so-called "British Legions" of former British soldiers fought to defend the Second Republic of Venezuela against Spanish royalists in the Venezuelan War of Independence.

Second Republic of Venezuela
The Second Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Segunda República de Venezuela) is the name used to refer to the reestablished Venezuelan Republic declared by Simón Bolívar on 7 August 1813. This declaration followed the defeat of Domingo Monteverde by Bolívar during the Admirable Campaign in the west and Santiago Mariño in his campaign in the east.

The Republic came to an end in the following year, when Caracas was reoccupied by the Royalists on 16 July 1814, after a series of defeats at the hands of José Tomás Boves.
Seegrotte
The Seegrotte, near Hinterbrühl, Austria, is a cave system with a large grotto located under a former gypsum mine.

It was closed in 1912 after the mine flooded with 20 million litres of water. It became a tourist attraction after 1930 and has been one ever since, with the exception of World War II. The lake is 60 meters below ground, the water surface is 6200 m² and pumps are used to keep the water level down.

Visitors can tour the old mine and take a boat ride across the underground lake.

Grotto
A grotto or grot is a natural or artificial cave or covered recess. Naturally occurring grottoes are typically small coastal caves associated with bodies of water and may be partially or fully submerged at high tide. Artificial grottoes have also been constructed as garden features, particularly in landscape design from the Renaissance onward. Well‑known natural examples include the Grotta Azzurra on Capri and the grotto at Tiberius’ Villa Jovis in the Bay of Naples.
Horst Laubenthal
Horst Laubenthal (born 8 March 1939), real name Horst Neumaier, is a German operatic tenor and academic voice teacher. He is known internationally, both as an opera singer especially in Mozart roles such as Belmonte, Don Ottavio and Tamino, and as a concert and recital singer, with a focus on works by Johann Sebastian Bach. He has appeared at major opera houses and festivals, including the Glyndebourne Festival and the Salzburg Festival, and made many recordings, including rarely performed works such as Korngold's Violanta.

Helga Dernesch
Helga Dernesch (born 3 February 1939) is an Austrian soprano and mezzo-soprano. Her career has taken her through four successive phases: from mezzo-soprano to lyric soprano to dramatic soprano, and after about 1980 back to mezzo again. "Her voice had great richness and power, and her strikingly handsome stage appearance and intense acting made her a compelling performer."
Humboldt Wagon Road
The Humboldt Wagon Road, or the Humboldt Road, was a freight wagon road in northern California. Constructed in the 1860s, it connected Chico, near the Sacramento River, with Susanville, near Honey Lake, east of the Sierra Nevada crest. From there, extensions continued to the Humboldt silver mines in Nevada and the Owyhee Mines near Silver City, Idaho. The road was surveyed and financed by prominent settler John Bidwell and carried passengers, mail, and freight between logging and ranching communities of northeastern California. It also contributed to the settlement of the region and the displacement of the native Maidu population. Portions of the Humboldt Road are now followed by California State Route 32 and California State Route 36.

Silver City, Idaho
Silver City is a ghost town in northwestern Owyhee County, Idaho, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). At its height in the 1880s, it was a gold and silver mining town with a population of around 2,500 and approximately 75 businesses.
Maurice Blood
Maurice Blood (15 February 1870 – 31 March 1940) was a British sport shooter, who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

In the 1908 Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the 1000 yard free rifle event, was fourth in the single-shot running deer event and the double-shot running deer event and finished 11th in the 300 metre free rifle event.

Blood had been a schoolmaster before becoming a stockbroker and had represented the London Stock Exchange Rifle Club.

Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's single-shot running deer
The men's single-shot 100 meter running deer competition was one of 15 shooting sports events on the Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme.  A deer-shaped target made 10 runs of 75 feet (23 meters), with the shooter firing one shot during each run. The runs lasted about 4 seconds each and took place 110 yards (100 meters) distant from the shooter. There were three concentric circles on the target, with the smallest counting for 4 points, the middle for 3, and the outermost for 2. A hit outside the circles but still on the target (except on the haunch) counted for 1 point. The maximum possible score was thus 40 points. Each nation could enter up to 12 shooters.
San Mateo, Rizal
San Mateo, officially the Municipality of San Mateo (Tagalog: Bayan ng San Mateo),  is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 276,449 people.

Conurbated to the urban agglomeration of the Greater Manila Area, San Mateo is one of the fastest-growing municipalities in Rizal Province, according to the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) and the Provincial Government of Rizal. It is a commuter hub to Metro Manila.

San Mateo is the home of the miraculous image of Our Lady of Aranzazu (Nuestra Señora de Aranzazu).

Greater Manila Area
The Greater Manila Area (Filipino: Malawakang Maynila) is the contiguous urbanized region surrounding the Manila metropolitan area in the Philippines. This built-up zone includes Metro Manila and the neighboring provinces of Bulacan to the north, Cavite and Laguna to the south, and Rizal to the east. While urban sprawl continues to absorb new zones, some areas remain as independent settlement clusters separated by non-urban land.

In early 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the area was also referred to as "NCR Plus" or "NCR+" (National Capital Region Plus) by authorities, in connection with the designation of community quarantines.