hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
English Bill (1858)
The English Bill was drafted on April 23, 1858, it was an offer made by the United States Congress to Kansas Territory. Kansas was offered some millions of acres of public lands in exchange for accepting the Lecompton Constitution.

The English Bill was introduced by William Hayden English (1822–1896), a Democratic representative in Congress from 1853 to 1861. The bill itself was not a bribe to the degree that it is usually considered to be, as it reduced the grant of land demanded by the Lecompton Ordinance from 23,500,000 to 3,500,000 acres (95,000 to 14,000 km2), and offered only the normal cession to new states. This grant, however, was conditioned on the acceptance of the Lecompton Constitution, and Congress made no promise of any grant if that Constitution were not adopted.

On August 21, 1858, by a vote of 11,812 to 1,926, Kansans rejected the offer.

Public land
In all modern states, a portion of land is held by central or local governments. This is called public land, state land, or Crown land (Commonwealth realms). The system of tenure of public land, and the terminology used, varies between countries.  The following examples illustrate some of the range.
Labdatriene synthase
Labdatriene synthase (EC 4.2.3.99, OsKSL10 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 9α-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase ((12E)-9α-labda-8(17),12,14-triene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

9α-copalyl diphosphate  (12E)-9α-labda-8(17),12,14-triene + diphosphate

The enzyme from rice (Oryza sativa) also produces ent-sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene from ent-copalyl diphosphate.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.

Oryza sativa belongs to the genus Oryza and the BOP clade in the grass family Poaceae. With a genome consisting of 430 Mbp across 12 chromosomes, it is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for the study of the biology of cereals and monocots.
Nothonotus
Nothonotus is a genus or subgenus of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the southeastern United States. First proposed as a sub-genus of Etheostoma in 1988, there is still debate regarding the appropriate taxonomic rank of Nothonotus in the literature. Darter species comprise more than 180 of the Percidae taxa.

Gymnocephalus
Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
Magnus Merriman
Magnus Merriman is a 1934 comedy novel by the British writer Eric Linklater. It portrays the adventures of an aspiring politician who marries and settles down on Orkney. It had a strong autobiographical element as Linklater had himself unsuccessfully stood in the 1933 East Fife by-election for the National Party of Scotland, Although Link later wrote an introduction to the book titled "Admonition" denying autobiographical intent.

1933 East Fife by-election
The 1933 East Fife by-election was held on Thursday, 2 February 1933.  The by-election was held due to the death of the sitting National Liberal MP, Sir James Duncan Millar. It was won by the National Liberal candidate James Henderson-Stewart.
Sophia Aggelonitis
Sophia Aggelonitis (born c. 1968) is a Canadian businesswoman and former politician. She was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario who represented the riding of Hamilton Mountain from 2007 to 2011. She served as the province's Minister of Revenue and Minister Responsible for Seniors in the Liberal government of Premier Dalton McGuinty.

Premier of Ontario
The premier of Ontario (French: premier ministre de l'Ontario) is the head of government of Ontario. Under the Westminster system, the premier governs with the confidence of a majority the elected Legislative Assembly; as such, the premier typically sits as a member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. As first minister, the premier selects ministers to form the Executive Council (provincial cabinet), and serves as its chair. Constitutionally, the Crown exercises executive power on the advice of the Executive Council, which is collectively responsible to the legislature.

Doug Ford is the 26th and current premier of Ontario. He took office on June 29, 2018, following the 2018 Ontario election where his Progressive Conservative (PC) party won a majority of seats in the Ontario Legislature.
Rimkai Lake
The Rimkai is a lake in Krakės Eldership, Kėdainiai District Municipality, central Lithuania. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the north from Krakės town, next to Jaugiliai village and Jaugiliai Lake, at a place of former Rimkai village. It belongs to the Smilga basin (part of the Nevėžis basin).

Coasts of the lake are flat, covered by reed beds.

The name Rimkai comes from the village name Rimkai.

Nevėžis
The Nevėžis (/nɪˈvɛʒɪs, nɛ-/; Lithuanian: [nʲɛˈvʲěːʑɪs] ⓘ) is the sixth longest river in Lithuania and one of the main tributaries of the Nemunas. The 209 km (130 mi) long Nevėžis flows entirely within Lithuania. Among the rivers that flow exclusively within Lithuania's borders, the Nevėžis is the second longest, after the Šventoji. Its source is in the Anykščiai District Municipality. The river first flows in a northwesterly direction, but at Panevėžys it turns southwest, and passing Kėdainiai, flows into the Neman just west of Kaunas near Raudondvaris.
Shadwell DLR station
Shadwell is a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station in Shadwell in east London, England and is between the terminals of Bank and Tower Gateway to the west and Limehouse to the east. The 1991 Bank extension joins the main DLR line just to the west of Shadwell. It is located near Shadwell railway station for London Overground services, in London fare zone 2.

London Overground
The London Overground  (also known simply as the Overground) is a suburban rail network serving London and its environs. Established in 2007 to take over Silverlink Metro routes, it now serves a large part of Greater London as well as Hertfordshire, with 113 stations on the six lines that make up the network.

The Overground forms part of the United Kingdom's National Rail network but it is under the concession control and branding of Transport for London (TfL). Operation has been contracted to Arriva Rail London since 2016. TfL previously assigned orange as a mode-specific colour for the Overground in branding and publicity including the roundel, on the Tube map, trains and stations.

In 2024, each of the six Overground lines was given a distinct colour and name: Lioness (yellow), Mildmay (blue), Windrush (red), Weaver (purple), Suffragette (green), and Liberty (grey).
Four Dimensions of Greta
Four Dimensions of Greta (also known as The Three Dimensions of Greta) is a 1972 British sex comedy film directed and produced by Pete Walker and starring Leena Skoog and Tristan Rogers. It was written by Murray Smith.

It features four 3-D film sequences. The tagline on the poster read, "A girl in your lap".

Murray Smith (writer)
Murray Smith (14 June 1940 – 28 December 2003) was a British film and television writer and producer.

He created/wrote a number of British films and TV shows, including the ITV series The XYY Man, Strangers and Bulman. Smith also wrote scripts for TV series including The Sweeney, Minder, and Dempsey and Makepeace, and wrote two novels.

Smith wrote five screenplays for British exploitation director Pete Walker.
Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
The lateral  cutaneous nerve of forearm (or lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve) is a sensory nerve representing the continuation of the musculocutaneous nerve beyond the lateral edge of the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. The lateral cutaneous nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral forearm. It pierces the deep fascia of forearm to enter the subcutaneous compartment before splitting into a volar branch and a dorsal branch.

Biceps
The biceps or biceps brachii (Latin: musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads of the muscle arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm. While the long head of the biceps crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints, its main function is at the elbow where it flexes and supinates the forearm.
Lucky Knock Mine
The Lucky Knock Mine is a mine located in Okanogan County near Ellisford, Washington. The Lucky Knock Mine is located in the Northern Rocky Mountains, which is a physical geographic province within the Rocky Mountain System. Sometimes the mine can be called the Lawrence Mine. The current owner is E. A. Magill.

Antimony is the primary ore produced at the site, with stibnite being the chief source of this metal. Other minerals found here include sphalerite, along with gangue minerals such as calcite and quartz. The site also contains zinc and limestone.

Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison. Large calcite crystals are used in optical equipment, and limestone composed mostly of calcite has numerous uses.

Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite over timescales of days or less at temperatures exceeding 300 °C, and vaterite is even less stable.
Hospital Practice
Hospital Practice is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering hospital medicine. It is published by Informa Healthcare and was established in 1966. The journal is indexed in Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed.

Informa
Informa plc is a British publishing, business intelligence, and exhibitions group with headquarters in London, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has offices in 42 countries and around 14,000 employees. Informa owns numerous brands including Fan Expo, VidCon, Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity, CRC Press, Routledge, and Taylor & Francis.
The Rough Guide to Tango (1999 album)
The Rough Guide to Tango is a world music compilation album originally released in 1999. Part of the World Music Network Rough Guides series, the album presents the tango music of Argentina with an eye toward the history of the genre, featuring 78 rpm recordings to tracks of the modern day. Teddy Peiro and Tom Andrews wrote the liner notes, and Phil Stanton—co-founder of the World Music Network—produced and compiled the album. This release was followed by a second edition a decade later.

World Music Network
World Music Network is a UK-based record label specializing in world music.

The World Music Network website features news, reviews, live music listings, and guide sections on world music. It also features an online "Battle of the Bands" competition.
Green Castle Hill
Green Castle Hill is a hill near Green Castle, Antigua and Barbuda. The site has been considered a national park since 2008, the first protected site in the Shekerley Mountains. Located on the hill is a set of pre-Columbian stone monuments often referred to as "Antigua's Stonehenge". It is likely that this location was used for rituals and observing the night sky. The west coast of Antigua and the Central Plain can be seen from the hill. This area was also home to a sugar plantation that was most notably owned by Samuel Martin. At the time of emancipation in 1834, it was home to 319 slaves.

Central Plain (Antigua)
The Central Plain (North Antiguan: Senchraal Plien) is a region in Antigua. It is home to the majority of people in Antigua and Barbuda, with the highest concentration of settlements. Located in the eponymous geologic region, it stretches from St. John's in the northwest to English Harbour in the southwest. Most settlement in the area is based around All Saints Road and its offshoots. In 2011, the area was home to 44,097 people in about 92 square kilometres, about 52% of the national population. The main settlements are St. John's, Piggotts, All Saints, Swetes, Liberta, Falmouth, and English Harbour. The region makes up about a third of the country's area and stretches through all parishes except Saint Philip.
King You of Chu
King You of Chu (Chinese: 楚幽王; pinyin: Chǔ Yōu Wáng), personal name Xiong Han, was a king of the Chu state.

Succeeding his father, King Kaolie, King You reigned from 237 BC to 228 BC. During his reign, King You's maternal uncle, Li Yuan (李園) served as prime minister.

In 235 BC, after an attack on the Zhao state, troops from the states of Qin and Wei united to attack Chu but suffered a defeat.

In March 228 BC, King You died and was succeeded by his younger brother, King Ai.

It is rumoured that King You was the illegitimate son of Lord Chunshen.

In the 1930s, King You's tomb at Shou County, Anhui Province was destroyed by warlords, and many artifacts were dispersed, but a great bronze cauldron was preserved and is on display in Anhui Museum.

Wei (state)
Wei (/weɪ/; Chinese: 魏; pinyin: Wèi) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han and Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin and Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Anyi to Daliang (present-day Kaifeng) during the reign of King Hui, Wei was also called Liang (Chinese: 梁; pinyin: Liáng).

It should not to be confused with the smaller central Wey state 衞, which is still sometimes only differentiated by its Chinese character.
Link Motion
Link Motion is an automotive software and  hardware company developing embedded automotive systems that have been used in the Lamborghini Huracán. Their main product is the Motion T carputer which can implement a connected vehicle gateway as a separate unit or as a part of the cockpit solution (eCockpit). The Motion T carputer runs on NXP's i.MX8 multi-OS platform, supports four in-car HD displays and hosts connectivity features on  Microsoft’s connected vehicle platform, a set of services built on the Microsoft Azure cloud, such as  over-the-air software and firmware updates, telemetry and  diagnostics data and secure  remote access.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Samsung SGH-A877
The Samsung Impression (a.k.a. Samsung SGH-A877, SGH-A877, A877) is a slider-style mobile phone manufactured by Samsung Electronics. First announced on March 30, 2009, it was released on April 7, 2009. It was the first phone manufactured for the United States to have an AMOLED touch-screen.

AMOLED
AMOLED (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode; /ˈæmoʊˌlɛd/) is a type of OLED display device technology. OLED describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material, and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels.

Since 2007, AMOLED displays have been used in mobile phones, media players, TVs, and digital cameras. The current progress for this technology is towards lower power usage, lower cost, and higher screen resolutions (e.g., 8K).
Listed buildings in Bradnop
Bradnop is a civil parish in the district of Staffordshire Moorlands, Staffordshire, England. It contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Bradnop and the surrounding area.  The listed buildings consist of farmhouses, a pair of cottages, a cross, a well, a pair of entrance piers, and two mileposts.

Staffordshire Moorlands
Staffordshire Moorlands is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. Its council is based in Leek, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Biddulph and Cheadle, along with a large rural area containing many villages. North-eastern parts of the district lie within the Peak District National Park.

The area's principal industries are agriculture, fashion and tourism. Visitor attractions include the National Trust property Biddulph Grange, the Churnet Valley Railway, the UK's largest theme park Alton Towers Resort, and the annual Leek Arts Festival. There are also a variety of outdoor pursuits such as rock climbing (The Roaches), sailing (Rudyard Lake) and cycling (Waterhouses).

The neighbouring districts are East Staffordshire, Stafford, Stoke-on-Trent, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Cheshire East, High Peak and Derbyshire Dales.
Winthrop D. Jordan
Winthrop Donaldson Jordan (November 11, 1931 – February 23, 2007) was an American historian and professor who specialized in the history of slavery in the United States and racism against Black Americans. His 1968 work White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 was awarded the National Book Award in History and Biography.

The work has been described in a review as "one of the most important contributions yet made to the history of racial relationships in early America", and helped to inspire serious scholarly enquiry into interracial relationships in North America, specifically President Thomas Jefferson's relationship with one of his female slaves, Sally Hemings. In 1993, Jordan won a second Bancroft Prize for Tumult and Silence at Second Creek: An Inquiry into a Civil War Slave Conspiracy.  In this work, Jordan brought to light details of a previously unstudied slave revolt near Natchez, Mississippi.

Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez (/ˈnætʃɪz/ NATCH-iz) is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade.

Natchez is approximately 90 miles (140 km) southwest of the capital of Jackson and 85 miles (137 km) north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 28th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the Natchez people, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period.
Corpus Christi Coastal Classic
The Corpus Christi Coastal Classic is a college basketball tournament that started in 2013 played at the American Bank Center played in Corpus Christi, Texas.  Each team will play four games, the first two on campus sites and the final two rounds in Corpus Christi. The Semifinals and Finals of Hosts' bracket are televised on CBS Sports Network.

Hilliard Center
The Hilliard Center is an entertainment complex located in Corpus Christi, Texas. The complex consists of an auditorium, convention center and arena. The facility hosts numerous conventions, trade shows, exhibitions, live performances and sporting events. It is home to the Corpus Christi IceRays Tier II Jr. A ice hockey team and the Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders men's and women's NCAA basketball teams. It is owned by the city of Corpus Christi and managed by ASM Global.
Radical 45
Radical 45 or radical sprout (屮部) is one of the 31 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of three strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 38 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

屮 is also the 55th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
2017 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger – Doubles
Matt Reid and John-Patrick Smith were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Denis Kudla and Daniel Nguyen won the title after defeating Jarryd Chaplin and Luke Saville 6–3, 7–6(7–5) in the final.

Denis Kudla
Denis Kudla (/ˈkuːdlə/ KOOD-lə; born August 17, 1992) is an American tennis coach and former professional player. He had a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 53, achieved in May 2016. He had a career-high doubles ranking of No. 133, achieved in August 2018. He won nine Challenger singles and nine doubles titles in his career.

He is currently coaching Reilly Opelka.
Connecticut Food Bank
Connecticut Foodshare is a nonprofit organization based in Wallingford, Connecticut. It serves as the sole food bank for all of Connecticut.

As a member of Feeding America, Connecticut Foodshare secures food donations from a national and regional network of food donors, retail partners, manufacturers, wholesalers and farms. Connecticut Foodshare supplies food to local agencies and programs (such as soup kitchens, food pantries, and emergency shelters). It serves more than 380,000 Connecticut residents (1 in 10) who struggle with hunger.

In 2019 Business.org ranked Connecticut Foodshare as the "Best Charity for Your Money in Connecticut" based on an analysis of data collected by organizations in every state by Charity Navigator.

East Haven, Connecticut
East Haven is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 27,923. The town is located 3 miles (5 km) east of New Haven, and is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. East Haven is 35 miles (56 km) from Hartford, 82 miles (132 km) from New York City, 99 miles (159 km) from Providence, Rhode Island, and 140 miles (230 km) from Boston.