hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of Taunton, Massachusetts
The city flag of Taunton, Massachusetts, also known as the Taunton Flag and the Liberty and Union Flag, was first adopted in 1774 and has since been adopted as the flag of Taunton. It consists of the Red Ensign with the flag of Great Britain in the canton, defaced with the words "Liberty and Union" across the lower portion.

Defacement (flag)
In vexillology, defacement is the addition of a symbol or charge to a flag. For example, the Australian flag is the British Blue Ensign defaced with a Southern Cross in the fly.

In the context of vexillology, the word "deface" carries no negative connotations, in contrast to general usage. It simply indicates a differentiation of the flag from that of another owner by addition of elements. For example, many state flags are formed by defacing the national flag with a coat of arms.
2025 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2025.

Katian
The Katian is the second stage of the Upper Ordovician. It is preceded by the Sandbian and succeeded by the Hirnantian Stage. The Katian began 452.8 million years ago and lasted for about 7.6 million years until the beginning of the Hirnantian 445.2 million years ago.
During the Katian the climate cooled which started the Late Ordovician glaciation.
Megalorhipida leucodactyla
Megalorhipida leucodactyla is a species of moth of the family Pterophoridae that has a pantropical distribution.

The larvae have been recorded on a wide range of plants, including Boerhavia diffusa, Okenia hypogaea, Acacia neovernicosa, Amaranthus, Mimosa tenuiflora and Commicarpus tuberosus.

Amaranth
Amaranthus is a genus of plants commonly known as amaranths. Some species are known by variants of the common name "pigweed". Some members are annual and others are perennial. The plant can grow from 1 to 2.5 metres (3 to 8 feet) tall with a succulent, hollow stem. Parts of the plant vary from green to reddish. Catkin-like cymes of densely packed flowers grow in the summer or fall.

There are 75 recognized species in the genus, some monoecious and some dioecious. The name amaranth was originally applied to the closely related genus Celosia. Amaranthus is cosmopolitan in tropical regions. Some species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, pseudocereals (with amaranth grain being collected), and ornamental plants.
George and Virginia Trout House
The George and Virginia Trout House is a historic house in Wamego, Kansas, U.S., that was built in 1896. It was designed in the Queen Anne style architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 8, 2014.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Pottawatomie County, Kansas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Pottawatomie County, Kansas.

This is supposed to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 18 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 16, 2026.
Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Snowboarding at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Bokwang Phoenix Park and Alpensia Ski Jumping Stadium in Pyeongchang, South Korea. A total of ten snowboarding events were scheduled to take place between 10 and 24 February 2018.

The parallel slalom event, which made its debut four years earlier at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, was dropped from the games in 2018 in favour of a new big air event.

Pyeongchang County
Pyeongchang (American English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/ pyung-CHAHNG, Korean: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, "Happy 700 Pyeongchang", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. It was officially rebranded as "PyeongChang" (with a capital 'C') for the purposes of the 2018 Games, in order to avoid confusion with Pyongyang in North Korea.
The Silent House (1929 film)
The Silent House (also released as The House of Silence) is a 1929 British silent mystery film, directed by Walter Forde and starring Mabel Poulton, Gibb McLaughlin and Arthur Pusey. It was made in 1928 at the Nettlefold Studios in Walton-on-Thames and trade-shown in January 1929. The film was written by H Fowler Mear, based on a hit stage play by John G Brandon and George Pickett, but it was not a success at the box-office. A print of the film exists at the National Film Archive in London.

Chan Fu, the Oriental character played by Gibb McLaughlin, resembles Sax Rohmer's then-popular Fu Manchu character. Jonathan Rigby, in his book Studies in Terror, points out that "The film contains an almost de rigueur tribute to The Cat and the Canary when a corpse pitches forward from its concealment in a fireplace, as well as betraying a submerged uneasiness about Britain's colonial past that was to resurface in several British horrors of a later period."

Walton Studios
Walton Studios, previously named Hepworth Studios and Nettlefold Studios, was a film production studio in Walton-on-Thames in Surrey, England. Hepworth was a pioneering studio in the early 20th century and released the first film adaptation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Alice in Wonderland, 1903).

The decline of the British cinematic production industry in the mid-20th century led to a decline in work for the facility, and after failing to financially survive as a television production outlet it was eventually closed in 1961. The studio was subsequently demolished and the land was sold for house-building.
Jan Frodeno
Jan Frodeno (German pronunciation: [jan fʁoˈdeːno] ⓘ; born 18 August 1981) is a German former triathlete who is the gold medal winner in men's triathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, 3-time winner of the Ironman World Championship in 2015, 2016, and 2019, and 2-time winner of the Ironman 70.3 World Championship in 2015 and 2018. He had set the world record for the long distance in Roth, Germany in 2016 with 7:35:39 hours. In 2021, he broke his own world record during the Tributtle in Allgäu, Germany against Lionel Sanders, with a time of 07:27:53, setting a new world best for the long-distance triathlon.

Ironman World Championship
The Ironman World Championship is a triathlon held annually in Hawaii, United States from 1978 to 2022, with no race in 2020 and an additional race in 1982. It is owned and organized by the World Triathlon Corporation. It is the annual culmination of a series of Ironman triathlon qualification races held throughout the world. From 2023 to 2025, the Men's and Women's Ironman World Championships were separated with one at Kona and the other hosted at another venue. Beginning in 2026, both the men's and women's races of the championship will once more take place in Kailua-Kona.
Franklin Sumner Earle
Franklin Sumner Earle (September 4, 1856 – January 31, 1929) was an American mycologist who specialized in fungal plant diseases. He was the first ever mycologist to be employed at the New York Botanical Garden, and was the author of The Genera of North American Gill Fungi.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Australian Height Datum
The Australian Height Datum was introduced in 1971 as the official vertical datum for Australia, and thereby serves as the benchmark to which all height measurements are referred. The Australian Height Datum is an amalgamation of decades of spirit levelling work conducted by numerous state and territory authorities across the country, and was corrected to align with the mean sea level observations of thirty tide gauges positioned around the entire coastline. While it remains the published vertical datum for all surveying and engineering operations performed throughout Australia, newer technologies have uncovered numerous deficiencies, offsets and distortions within the Australian Height Datum, leading to discussions about defining a new Australian vertical datum.

Benchmark (surveying)
The term benchmark, bench mark, or survey benchmark originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately repositioned in the same place in the future. These marks were usually indicated with a chiseled arrow – specifically a broad arrow – below the horizontal line. A benchmark is a type of survey marker.

The term is generally applied to any item used to mark a point as an elevation reference. Frequently, bronze or aluminum disks are set in stone or concrete, or on rods driven deeply into the earth to provide a stable elevation point. If an elevation is marked on a map, but there is no physical mark on the ground, it is a spot height.
Sanson (cycling team)
Cycling teams with the name Sanson, sponsored by the Italian food producer Sanson, include:

Carpano (cycling team), known as Sanson in 1965 and 1966

Sanson (cycling team, 1969), known as Sanson in 1969

Filotex (cycling team), known as Sanson from 1976 to 1980

Carpano (cycling team)
Carpano was an Italian professional cycling team that existed from 1956 to 1966. The team's main sponsor between 1956 and 1964 was the Turin-based wine company Carpano, with Fausto Coppi's bicycle company Coppi a co-sponsor for the first two seasons. When Carpano took sole sponsorship of the team, the team adopted black and white striped jerseys similar to the shirts worn by Turin's Juventus Football Club. For the final two years, 1965 and 1966, Italian food producer Sanson took over the sponsorship. Whilst with Carpano, Franco Balmamion won the general classification of the Giro d'Italia in 1962 and 1963.
Pamela Keevil Kral
Pamela Keevil (14 August 1955 – 15 October 2025) was a British  actress who did voice work for the animated series The Animals of Farthing Wood from 1992 to 1995. She also played Debbie in the comedy TV film Incident on The Line. She was also the narrator for The Essential Lover's Guide. She’s also the singer in the singles by ‘Pam and the Paperclips’ released by Nigel and Roger Planer titled ‘Typing Pool’ and ‘Dear Katie’. She is sometimes credited as Pamela Keevil or Pamela Keevil-Kral.

Pamela Keevil taught Drama at Bishop Wand Church of England Sports College School for a short period of time.

The Bishop Wand Church of England School
The Bishop Wand Church of England School is a secondary school with academy status located in Sunbury-on-Thames, England. The school has been co-educational since its founding and caters for students in the 11–18 age range in that it has its own sixth form. The school has seven houses, named after relevant Anglican dioceses to the life of its namesake, Bishop Wand, which compete in sports and other activities.
Domino van de Middelstede
Domino van de Middelstede (nicknamed Domino, born April 21, 2003) is a bay gelding from the BWP studbook, ridden in show jumping by the young Belgian rider Jos Verlooy, then by an American, Audrey Coulter. He was acquired at the age of 7 by Axel Verlooy, owner of a commercial stable and father of Jos Verlooy, to enable his son to become an international rider. The pair built a successful career, placing 5th in the final of the 2014-2015 Show Jumping World Cup in Las Vegas, in their first appearance at this level of competition. Failing to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics, the Verlooys then sold Domino to Audrey Coulter. Renowned for his intelligence and pleasant disposition, Domino was retired at the end of 2018, at the age of 15.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Karl Wiesner
Rear Admiral (Junior Grade) Karl Wiesner PS MMM is a retired South African Navy officer, who served as Director Maritime Warfare.

He attended the United States Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island where he earned a diploma in National Security and Strategy and was awarded the Vice Admiral Doyle prize for International Law and Peacekeeping.

He commanded SAS Isandlwana (F146) from 2002 to 2007.

He also commanded the Warrior class strike craft SAS Job Masego and SAS Kobe Coetsee.

He is currently the chief commercial operations officer of South African Shipyards.

SAS Isandlwana
SAS Isandlwana (F146) is the second of four Valour-class frigates for the South African Navy built by the European South African Corvette Consortium. SAS Isandlwana was named after the Battle of Isandlwana at a ceremony held in Kiel in December 2002, by Deputy Defence Minister Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge.
Saint Fintan
Saint Fintan (or Saint Findan) can refer to:

Fintan of Clonenagh, 6th- and 7th-century Irish saint

Saint Fintan Munnu, 7th-century Irish saint, a disciple of Saint Columba

Fintan of Rheinau (Findan, Findanus), 9th c. catholic saint and hermit, born in Leinster, active in Rheinau, Switzerland

Fintan of Rheinau
Fintan of Rheinau (Findan, Findanus) (803/4 in Leinster, Ireland – 15 November 878 in Rheinau, Switzerland) was an Irish Catholic hermit who settled in Rheinau. In the Catholic Church he is venerated as a saint.
AMPEI
The Mexican Association for International Education (AMPEI) Spanish: Asociación Mexicana para la Educación Internacional [AMPEI],  is a Mexican nonprofit membership organization, which brings together international educators from Mexican higher education institutions.

Its core membership is composed by individuals in charge of the different international education activities in colleges and universities from Mexico, and elsewhere.

AMPEI has developed a collaborative work with related organizations from other parts of the world, such as NAFSA, CONAHEC, CBIE, and EAIE.

AMPEI also works actively with the different Embassies in Mexico, as well as government agencies and foundations, engaged in supporting international education and academic exchanges in higher education.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Sandy Creek (Middle Fork Coquille River tributary)
Sandy Creek is a tributary of the Middle Fork Coquille River in the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins near Scott Mountain in the Southern Oregon Coast Range and flows southwest to meet the river near the rural community of Remote. The creek passes under Oregon Route 42 and enters the river about 16 miles (26 km) from its mouth on the South Fork Coquille River near Myrtle Point. The creek's only named tributary is Fetter Creek, which enters from the right slightly upstream of Remote.

The Sandy Creek Bridge, a covered bridge, crosses the creek in a park near its mouth at Remote. The bridge, which originally carried Route 42 over the creek, is on display in the park.  Amenities at Sandy Creek Covered Bridge Park include a footbridge, picnic tables, restrooms, and an information booth.

The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Garry Edwards
Garry Keith Edwards (born 6 September 1950) is a former Australian politician who represented the electoral district of Swansea in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Liberal Party from 2011 to 2015.

Electoral district of Swansea
Swansea is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Hunter and Central Coast regions of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Yasmin Catley of the Labor Party.

Swansea was created in 1981 and has usually been held by Labor.
Shiho Niiyama
Shiho Niiyama (新山 志保, Niiyama Shiho; March 21, 1970 – February 7, 2000) was a Japanese voice actress from Matsuyama, Ehime, affiliated with Aoni Production at the time of her death. Niiyama was most known for her roles as Kou Seiya/Sailor Star Fighter in the Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon series, Risa Kanzaki in Neighborhood Story, Suou Takamura in Clamp School Detectives, and Deedlit in Record of Lodoss War: Chronicles of the Heroic Knight. She was also involved in the voice actor group Virgo, who were the voice actresses in the anime and game Ojōsama Sōsamō.

Niiyama was diagnosed with leukemia in 1998 and later underwent a bone marrow transplant on February 7, 2000. At approximately 6:23 A.M., Niiyama suffered a bout of internal bleeding in her lung and died as a result of complications from leukemia. Niiyama was 29 years old at the time of her death. Her final performance was in the TV series Record of Lodoss War: Chronicles of the Heroic Knight as the voice of Deedlit.

Internal bleeding
Internal bleeding (also called internal haemorrhage) is a loss of blood from a blood vessel that collects inside the body, and is not usually visible from the outside. It can be a serious medical emergency but the extent of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. head, torso, extremities). Severe internal bleeding into the chest, abdomen, pelvis, or thighs can cause hemorrhagic shock or death if proper medical treatment is not received quickly. Internal bleeding is a medical emergency and should be treated immediately by medical professionals.
Phyllis Mudford King
Phyllis Mudford King (née Mudford; 23 August 1905 – 27 January 2006) was an English female tennis player and the oldest living Wimbledon champion when she died at age 100.

Phyllis Evelyn Mudford was born in 1905 in Wallington, Surrey. She was educated at Sutton High School, where she was Captain of Tennis, and one of the school's four houses is named in her honour. She won the Wimbledon Ladies' Doubles Championship in 1931 with partner Dorothy Shepherd-Barron, and last took part in the tournament in 1953.

In 1931, she won the singles title at the Kent Championships after defeating Dorothy Round in the final in straight sets. In 1934, she again won the title beating Joan Hartigan in the final. She played for Britain in the Wightman Cup in 1930, 1931, 1932 and 1935.

In a codicil to her will, dated 14 February 1983, King left a legacy to the All England Club Wimbledon for "a Trophy to be competed for annually".

Kent Championships
The Kent Championships also known as the Kent All-Comers' Championships and later Kent Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts in Foxgrove Road, Beckenham, Kent, England between 1886 and 1996 and was held in the first half of June.
Graham Drury
Malcolm Graham Keith Drury (13 February 1952 – 26 January 2024) was a Welsh international motorcycle speedway rider and team manager. He earned one international cap for the England national speedway team (with no Welsh national team, Welsh riders represented England).

Great Britain national speedway team
The Great Britain national speedway team (formerly the England speedway team) is one of the major teams in international motorcycle speedway. The team is managed by former Great Britain riders Oliver Allen and Simon Stead, and captained by the Tai Woffinden.

The team raced as England from 1928 to 1961 and again from 1974 to 2000. They have raced as Great Britain from 1962 to 1973 and since 2001.
Jürgen Schmitt (artist)
Jürgen Schmitt alias Schmitti (born 5 November 1949 in Bonn) is a German painter, photographer, and as "Schmitti", a composer, lyricist and Schlager-singer. He lives and works in the village of Scheven (population ca. 560) (Kall, North Rhine-Westphalia) and there he has his studios. Schmitt studied from 1970 to 1976 at the Art Academy in Düsseldorf under Professor Joseph Beuys and Professor Irmin Kamp and he was appointed in 1975 for his artistic achievements "Meister Schüler". He had many exhibitions in Germany and abroad.

Schlager music
Schlager (German: [ˈʃlaːɡɐ], "hit(s)") is a style of European popular music generally defined by catchy instrumental accompaniments to vocal pieces of pop music with simple, easygoing, and often sentimental lyrics.

Schlager tracks are typically light pop tunes or sweet, sentimental ballads with simple, catchy melodies. Their lyrics typically center on love, relationships, and feelings. The northern variant of schlager (notably in Finland) has taken elements from Finnic, Nordic, Slavic, and Eastern European folk songs, with lyrics tending toward melancholic and elegiac themes. Musically, schlager bears similarities to styles such as easy listening.

The style was frequently represented in the early years of the Eurovision Song Contest  but has now been replaced by other pop music styles.