hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criminal responsibility in French law
Criminal responsibility in French criminal law is the obligation to answer for infractions committed and to suffer the punishment provided by the legislation that governs the infraction in question.

In a democracy citizens have rights but also duties: with freedom comes responsibility.

Unlike civil liability, the obligation to answer for damage one has caused, either by repairing it or paying damages and interest for it, criminal responsibility implies legal recourse for the state against a disturbance of the peace. This includes three major factors:

participation in a criminal offense

forms of criminal responsibility

exceptions to criminal responsibility.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
Montoya Ranch
Montoya Ranch was a ranch in Farisita, Huerfano County, Colorado, United States, along the Huerfano River. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. The ranch house was built in or after 1867 with Spanish Colonial and territorial architectural elements. At that time, there were many New Mexicans moving to Colorado, and many ranched and farmed in the Huerfano valley.

Huerfano County, Colorado
Huerfano County (/ˈwɛərfənoʊ/ WAIR-fə-noh;  Spanish pronunciation: [ˈweɾfano]) is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,820. The county seat is Walsenburg.  The county, whose name comes from the Spanish huérfano meaning "orphan", was named for the Huerfano Butte, a local landmark. The area of Huerfano County boomed early in the 1900s with the discovery of large coal deposits. After large scale World War II coal demand ended in the 1940s Walsenburg and Huerfano saw a steady economic decline through 2015.
Arctia ladakensis
Arctia ladakensis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Otto Bang-Haas in 1927. It is found in Tibet and Xinjiang in China.

This species, along with the others of the genus Oroncus, was moved to Arctia as a result of phylogenetic research published by Rönkä et al. in 2016.

Arctia
Arctia is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. Therein, it belongs to the subtribe Arctiina in the tribe Arctiini in the subfamily Arctiinae. Species are well distributed throughout North America, Palearctic, India, and Sri Lanka.

As a result of phylogenetic studies by Rönkä et al. in 2016, the following genera were determined to be synonyms with Arctia, and their species were reclassified in this genus.
2016–17 Manhattan Jaspers basketball team
The 2016–17 Manhattan Jaspers basketball team represented Manhattan College during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Jaspers, led by sixth-year head coach Steve Masiello, played their home games at Draddy Gymnasium in Riverdale, New York as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. They finished the season 10–22, 5–15 in MAAC play to finish in a tie for tenth place. They lost in the first round of the MAAC tournament to Rider.

2017 MAAC men's basketball tournament
The 2017 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference for the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held from March 2–6, 2017 at the Times Union Center in Albany, New York. No. 3 seed Iona defeated No. 4 seed Siena 87–86 in overtime in the tournament championship game. As a result, Iona received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. The championship marked Iona's 10th MAAC title, the most in MAAC Tournament history, and the second consecutive MAAC Tournament championship for the Gaels. It was also the fifth consecutive championship game for Iona, which is a MAAC record.
Tom Danley
Thomas J. Danley (born 1952) is an American audio engineer, electrical engineer and inventor, the holder of multiple patents for audio transducers, especially high-linearity, high-output professional horn loudspeaker systems. Danley first gained notice in the 1980s with his novel servomotor-driven subwoofer systems used to reproduce very low frequencies in concert tours and theme parks. In 2000 he advanced the implementation of multiple-entry horns in 2000 with several designs led by the SPL-td1, a seven-driver loudspeaker. In 2005, he started a new company, Danley Sound Labs, through which he patented further technologies and produced a wide variety of loudspeaker models based on these technologies.

Transducer
A transducer is a device that usefully converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another.
Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.). The process of converting one form of energy to another is known as transduction.
Luyt
Luyt is the name of:

Dennis Luyt (born c. 1963), Former Commander of the Royal Netherlands Air Force

Frederick Luyt (1888–1965), South African rugby union player and cricketer

Jan Luyts (1655–1721), Dutch mathematician and physicist

Louis Luyt (1932–2013), South African business tycoon and politician

Richard Luyt (1915–1994), South African-born Governor of British Guiana

Syd Luyt (1925–2010), South African marathon runner

Louis Luyt
Louis Luyt (18 June 1932 – 1 February 2013) was a South African business tycoon and politician, and one-time rugby administrator.

Having been a rugby player as a young man, Luyt went on to become a businessman. He founded Triomf Fertiliser and Luyt Breweries, and took control of Ellis Park stadium in Johannesburg. Distrusted by the Afrikaner elite, Luyt achieved financial success without being a member of the secretive Broederbond.
Gradec, Črnomelj
Gradec (pronounced [ˈɡɾaːdəts]; sometimes Zagradec; German: Grodetz, Groditz, or Grodez; Gottscheerish: Grodetz) is a remote abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Rožič Vrh.

White Carniola
White Carniola (Slovene: Bela krajina; Croatian: Bela krajina; German: Weißkrain or Weiße Mark) is a traditional region in southeastern Slovenia on the border with Croatia. Due to its smallness, it is often considered a subunit of the broader Lower Carniola region, although with distinctive cultural, linguistic, and historical features.

Due to its proximity with Croatia, White Carniola shares many cultural and linguistic features with the neighboring Kajkavian Croatian areas. It is generally considered the Slovenian region with the closest cultural affinity with other South Slavic territories. It was part of Slavonia until the 12th century, after which it shared the historical fate with the Windic March and Lower Carniola to the north. During the 19th century, it was one of the regions with the highest emigration rate in the Slovene Lands, and the Austrian Empire in general. During World War II, it was an important center of anti-Fascist resistance in Slovenia.
1891 Boston Beaneaters season
The 1891 Boston Beaneaters season was the 21st season of the franchise. The team finished first in the National League with an 87–51–2 (.630) record. After trailing the Chicago Colts by seven games in early September, the Beaneaters won 25 of their last 29 games to finish first in the league, 3.5 games ahead of the Colts.

1891 Chicago Colts season
The 1891 Chicago Colts season was the 20th season of the Chicago Colts franchise, the 16th in the National League and the first at South Side Park. The Colts finished second in the National League with a record of 82–53.
FK Resnik
FK Resnik 1937 (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Ресник 1937) is a football club based in Belgrade, Serbia. It was founded in 1937 as Pobeda. The club most recently competed in the Inter-municipal league Belgrade, in the 6th tier of Serbian football.

From 2009 to 2011, they played in the 3rd-tier Serbian League Belgrade.

Serbian League Belgrade
Serbian League Belgrade (Serbian: Српска лига Београд / Srpska liga Beograd) is one of four sections of the Serbian League, the third tier of professional football in Serbia. The other three sections are Serbian League East, Serbian League Vojvodina and Serbian League West.
Pacific Rim Championships – Women's team all-around
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.

Tie (draw)
A draw or tie occurs in a competitive sport when the results are identical or inconclusive. Ties or draws are possible in some, but not all, sports and games. Such an outcome, sometimes referred to as deadlock, can also occur in other areas of life such as politics, business, and wherever there are different factions regarding an issue.
Vridsted
Vridsted is a village and parish in Viborg Municipality, Central Denmark Region, Denmark. As of 2025, the village has a population of 585. It lies 13 km south of Skive, 23 km west of Viborg and 25 km northeast of Holstebro. The village possesses a primary school, which had 286 students as of 2017, as well as a Min Købmand store and a sports club, Vridsted IF.

Vridsted is the westernmost town of Viborg Municipality, and borders Holstebro Municipality as well as Karup River (Karup Å).

Holstebro Municipality
Holstebro Municipality (Danish: Holstebro Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.  The municipality covers an area of 801.55 km2 (309.48 sq mi), and has a population of 59,201 (1 January 2025). Its mayor is Kenneth Tønning, a member of the conservative liberal Venstre party.

The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Holstebro.

On 1 January 2007 Holstebro municipality was, due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with existing Ulfborg-Vemb and Vinderup municipalities to form the new Holstebro municipality.

Holstebro is also known for its infamous architecture style, and its architecture's correlation to World War 2.
Toutunhe Formation
The Toutunhe Formation is a Late Jurassic geological formation in China, specifically dating to the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian stages. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The lower portion of the formation consists of grey to reddish mudstone with medium to coarse grained cross bedded sandstone, while the upper portion consists primarily of brown-red-purple mudstone, interbedded with fine to medium grained laminated sandstone.

Kimmeridgian
In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 154.8 ±0.8 Ma and 149.2 ±0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian and precedes the Tithonian.
Kumhrar Assembly constituency
Kumhrar is one of 243 constituencies of legislative assembly of Bihar. It comes under Patna Sahib Lok Sabha constituency. In the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, Kumhrar was one of the 36 seats to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. Kumhrar was initially called Patna Central assembly constituency, but after delimitation it was renamed as Kumhrar assembly constituency. This Constituency and seat is dominated by  Kayastha Caste.

Patna Sahib Lok Sabha constituency
Patna Sahib is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India. The constituency is located in Patna district in Bihar. Until 2008, there was only one Lok Sabha seat for Patna, capital of Bihar. In the reorganisation effected that year, the city was awarded two seats, named Pataliputra (after the city's ancient name) and Patna Sahib. It also shares border with Munger Lok Sabha constituency. This Loksabha Constituency and this seat is dominated by Kayastha Caste.
The Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system with EVMs was used for the first time in this Lok Sabha constituency in 2014 elections.
Karolina Tymińska
Karolina Tymińska (born 4 October 1984 in Świebodzin) is a Polish heptathlete. She has represented Poland twice at the Olympic Games (2008 and 2012) and three times at the World Championships in Athletics (2007, 2009 and 2011). She is the bronze medalist in the heptathlon from the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, having originally come fourth in the event before the disqualification, in 2016, of Tatyana Chernova.

Tymińska also regularly competes in the indoor pentathlon event: at the IAAF World Indoor Championships she placed fourth in 2012 and sixth in both 2008 and 2010.

Her personal best in indoor pentathlon result is 4769 points, achieved in July 2008 in Spała. In heptathlon her personal best result is 6544 achieved in August 2011 in Daegu.

She won the European Cup Combined Events title in 2013 with a score of 6347 points, defeating Hanna Melnychenko and setting a javelin throw best of 42.40 m. She placed second at the Decastar meeting with 6288 points.

Women's pentathlon
The pentathlon or women's pentathlon is a combined track and field event in which each woman competes in five separate events over one day (formerly two days). The distance or time for each event is converted to points via scoring tables, with the overall ranking determined by total points. Since 1949 the events have been sprint hurdling, high jump, shot put, long jump, and a flat race. The sprint hurdles distance was 80 m outdoors until 1969 and thereafter 100 m; in indoor pentathlon the distance is 60 m. The flat race was 200 m until 1976 and thereafter 800 m.  In elite-level outdoor competition, the pentathlon was superseded in 1981 by the heptathlon, which has seven events, with both 200 m and 800 m, as well as the javelin throw. Pentathlon is still contested at school and masters level and indoors.
Robert Frost Trail
The Robert Frost Trail is a 47-mile (76 km) long footpath that passes through the eastern Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts. The trail runs from the Connecticut River in South Hadley, Massachusetts to Ruggles Pond in Wendell State Forest, through both Hampshire and Franklin County and includes a number of scenic features such as the Holyoke Range, Mount Orient, Puffer's Pond, and Mount Toby. The trail is named after the poet Robert Frost, who lived and taught in the area from 1916 to 1938.

Wendell State Forest
Wendell State Forest is a Massachusetts state forest located in the town of Wendell. The 7,566-acre (3,062 ha) parcel occupies a forested and hilly upland plateau south of the Millers River and west of the Quabbin Reservoir. Park roads were developed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s.
Interface standard
In telecommunications, an interface standard is a standard that describes one or more functional characteristics (such as code conversion, line assignments, or protocol compliance) or physical characteristics (such as electrical, mechanical, or optical characteristics) necessary to allow the exchange of information between two or more (usually different) systems or pieces of equipment. Communications protocols are an example.

An interface standard may include operational characteristics and acceptable levels of performance.

In the military community, interface standards permit command and control functions to be performed using communication and computer systems.

Telephone line
A telephone line or telephone circuit (or just line or circuit industrywide) is a single-user circuit on a telephone communication system. It is designed to reproduce speech of a quality that is understandable. It is the physical wire or other signaling medium connecting the user's telephone apparatus to the telecommunications network, and usually also implies a single telephone number for billing purposes reserved for that user.

Telephone lines are used to deliver consistent landline telephone service and digital subscriber line (DSL) phone cable service to the premises. Telephone overhead lines are connected to the public switched telephone network. The voltage at a subscriber's network interface is typically 48 V between the ring and tip wires, with tip near ground and ring at –48 V.
I Was a Cat from a Book
I Was a Cat from a Book is an album by the Scottish singer-songwriter James Yorkston, released in 2012 on Domino Records. The album was co-produced by the Welsh singer David Wrench and features a guest appearance by Kathryn Williams.

Domino Recording Company
Domino Recording Company, or simply Domino, is a British independent record label based in London. There is also a wing of the label based in Brooklyn, New York that handles releases in the United States, as well as a German division called Domino Deutschland and a French division called Domino France. In addition, Stephen Pastel presides over the subsidiary label Geographic Music, which releases more 'unusual' music from Britain and outside of the Western world. In 2011, the company announced that it was beginning a book publishing division, The Domino Press.
Commander of the Eastern Command (Pakistan)
The Commander of the Eastern Command was the senior most appointment of Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army. Headed by a lieutenant general, the Commander Eastern Command's primary role was to overview the military operations and implementing orders of GHQ in East Pakistan. The position was abolished following the Pakistani Instrument of Surrender.

Lieutenant general (Pakistan)
Lieutenant General is a three-star army officer rank in the Pakistan Army. It is equivalent to a vice admiral in the Pakistan Navy and an air marshal in the Pakistan Air Force.  A lieutenant general is also called a three-star general. Like other armies, this rank is higher than a major general and lower than a full general. There are currently 30 Lieutenant Generals in the Pakistan Army, with each usually presiding over a corps. They serve at various capacities at GHQ as well.

The Pakistan Army has followed the British Army rank system since its independence from the British Empire in 1947. However, the crown in the ranks has been replaced with a star and crescent, which symbolizes the sovereignty of the Government of Pakistan.
Vitra
Vitra can refer to:

Vitra (furniture): a Swiss (originally German) manufacturer of designer furniture
Vitra Design Museum

VitrA (sanitaryware): a Turkish sanitaryware, bathroom furniture, brassware and ceramic tiles company

Vitra (furniture)
Vitra is a Swiss family-owned furniture company headquartered in Birsfelden, Switzerland. It manufactures the works of many furniture designers. Vitra is also known for the works of notable architects that make up its premises in Weil am Rhein, Germany, in particular the Vitra Design Museum.
Gyda Westvold Hansen
Gyda Westvold Hansen (born 20 April 2002) is a Norwegian Nordic combined skier who represents IL Nansen. She became the first ever World Champion in women's Nordic combined after winning the gold medal in the inaugural World Championship race, individual normal hill/5 km, at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2021. She is the 2021 World Junior Champion in individual normal hill and won the silver medal at the same event in 2019 and 2020. Hansen was also a member of the Norwegian team that took the gold medal in the mixed team normal hill competition at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics.

She is the cousin of cross-country skier Therese Johaug.

2020 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic Junior and U23 World Ski Championships 2020 took place in Oberwiesenthal, Germany from 29 February to 8 March 2020. This was the 43rd Junior World Championships and the 15th Under-23 World Championships in nordic skiing.

New competitions this year was mixed relay in the U23's cross-country skiing and mixed team competition in nordic combined. The men's normal hill/5 km event in nordic combined was removed.
ZUK Z1
The ZUK Z1 is an Android smartphone manufactured by ZUK Mobile, in collaboration with Lenovo. Unveiled in August 2015, it is the first product by ZUK. In most markets outside China, the ZUK Z1 ships with the Cyanogen OS operating system pre-installed. Cyanogen OS is a commercial variant of CyanogenMod. The device was released with Cyanogen OS 12.1, based on Android 5.1 "Lollipop", and was never updated to Cyanogen OS 13, based on Android 6.0 "Marshmallow". In China, the ZUK Z1 ships with its own ZUI distribution, based on Android 5.1 "Lollipop".

The phone was first made available for sale on 25 September 2015 for US$300 (equivalent to $397.96 in 2024).

In India the phone was launched at a price of Rs.13,999 on Amazon. However the updates for this phone were limited and soon the company stopped giving updates.

This phone as earlier described had Cyanogen OS operating system but later the company Cyanogen OS was closed and it was replaced by Lineage OS.

ZUK Mobile
ZUK Mobile was a Chinese smartphone company founded in May 2015, and a subsidiary of Lenovo. It was headquartered in Beijing. The brand ceased operations in 2017, when Lenovo shifted its smartphone focus to Motorola Mobility.
Kubasonics
The Kubasonics are a Ukrainian-Canadian speed-folk band based in St. John's, Newfoundland. Originally from Edmonton, Alberta, The Kubasonics are honoured in the Ukrainian Canadian community for recreating traditional Ukrainian melodies, with a twist. Humorous or surprising alterations to time-honored songs create a sound that is often described as a "folk fusion." To create their unique sound, the Kubasonics incorporate traditional Ukrainian instruments such as the tsymbaly, drymba and Hurdy-gurdy into the context of a western rock band.

Jew's harp
The Jew's harp, also known as jaw harp, juice harp, or mouth harp, is a lamellophone instrument, consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo tongue or reed attached to a frame. Despite the colloquial name, the Jew's harp most likely originated in China, with the earliest known Jew's harps dating back 4,000 years ago from Shaanxi. It has no relation to the Jewish people.

Jew's harps may be categorized as idioglot or heteroglot (whether or not the frame and the tine are one piece); by the shape of the frame (rod or plaque); by the number of tines, and whether the tines are plucked, joint-tapped, or string-pulled.