hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request
The Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request (MIPR) is a method for transferring funds amongst U.S. military organizations. It allows for multi-organizational cooperative efforts to be performed, rather than limiting funding to a single organization.

MIPR is defined in the US government's Code of Federal Regulations, 48CFR253.208-1, DD Form 448, Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request.

Colloquially, MIPR is pronounced mip-per, and is used both as a noun (I received their MIPR yesterday,) and as a verb (Did you MIPR the funds to their office yet?)

Funding
Funding is the act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or project. While this is usually in the form of money, it can also take the form of effort or time from an organization or company. Generally, this word is used when a firm uses its internal reserves to satisfy its necessity for cash, while the term financing is used when the firm acquires capital from external sources.

Sources of funding include credit, venture capital, donations, grants, savings, subsidies, and taxes. Funding methods such as donations, subsidies, and grants that have no direct requirement for return of investment are described as "soft funding" or "crowdfunding". Funding that facilitates the exchange of equity ownership in a company for capital investment via an online funding portal per the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (alternately, the "JOBS Act of 2012") (U.S.) is known as equity crowdfunding. Funds can be allocated for either short-term or long-term purposes.
AkroTech Aviation
AkroTech Aviation, Inc. was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Scappoose, Oregon. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of kits for aerobatic aircraft. The company went out of business after 1998.

The company's two designs, the single-seat Giles G-200 and the two-seat G-202 were built from composites. The company could also supply completed ready-to-fly aircraft for the Experimental - exhibition category.

Scappoose, Oregon
Scappoose /skæˈpuːs/ is a city in Columbia County, Oregon,  United States. It was named for a nearby stream, which drains the southern part of the county. The name "Scappoose" is of Native American origin, and is said to mean "gravelly plain."  The population was 8,010 at the 2020 census.
Mackenzie Sound
Mackenzie Sound is a sound in the area of the Broughton Archipelago of the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada.  It is located to the northeast of North Broughton Island.  Watson Island is located in its entrance; to the west of Watson Island is Grappler Sound.

British Columbia Coast
The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. As the entire western continental coastline of Canada along the Pacific Ocean is in the province, it is synonymous with being the West Coast of Canada.

While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the region is generally defined to include the 15 regional districts that have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea, or are part of the Lower Mainland, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast. Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, such as those of the aforementioned Lower Mainland.
Nuurtherium
Nuurtherium is an extinct genus of tritylodontid cynodonts of the Late Jurassic Ulan Malgait Formation of Mongolia. It contains a single species, N. baruunensis, named by Paúl Velazco and colleagues in 2017.

Cynodontia
Cynodontia (from Ancient Greek  κύων (kúōn) 'dog' and  ὀδούς (odoús) 'tooth') is a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 mya), and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Mammals are cynodonts, as are their extinct ancestors and close relatives (Mammaliaformes), having evolved from advanced probainognathian cynodonts during the Late Triassic.

Non-mammalian cynodonts occupied a variety of ecological niches, both as carnivores and as herbivores. Following the emergence of mammals, most other cynodont lines went extinct, with the last known non-mammaliaform cynodont group, the Tritylodontidae, having its youngest records in the Early Cretaceous.
Killed by Death (series)
Killed by Death is a series of bootleg albums compiling rare punk rock songs primarily from the late 1970s and early 1980s. The first four of these compilations, (Killed By Death #1-#4), were issued in 1989 by the Swedish label Redrum Records and featured tracks by obscure North American and European punk groups, as well as a few more well-known acts such as Wipers, Zero Boys, Subhumans and Beastie Boys. In the years since the release of these first compilations, more than 50 other albums have been added to the series by various anonymous publishers.

Zero Boys
The Zero Boys are an American hardcore punk quartet from Indianapolis, Indiana fronted by Paul Mahern that debuted in 1980. Other members include bassist Scott Kellogg, drummer Mark Cutsinger and guitarist Dave Lawson. The band was known as one of the few popular hardcore bands from the Midwest, as the scene was mostly dominated by bands from the coasts.
Harry Kaskey
Harry Hubert Kaskey (September 15, 1901 – August 21, 1992) was an American speed skater who competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics. Along with several other tournaments.

He was born in Chicago and died in Sarasota, Florida.

In the 1924 Winter Olympics held in Chamonix, France. he finished seventh in the Speed Skating 1500 metres event, twelfth in the Speed Skating 500 metres competition, and 13th in the Speed Skating 10000 metres contest. After the 1924 Winter Olympics, He was banned from Amateur Competition, but was reinstated in 1925. But never competed afterwards until making a brief comeback in 1932.

Chamonix
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (French pronunciation: [ʃamɔni mɔ̃ blɑ̃]; Arpitan: Chamôni-Mont-Blanc), more commonly known simply as Chamonix (Chamôni), is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Southeastern France. It was the site of the first Winter Olympics, held in 1924.

Chamonix is situated in the French Alps just north of Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in Western Europe. Between the peaks of the Aiguilles Rouges and the notable Aiguille du Midi, it borders both Switzerland and Italy. It is one of the oldest ski resorts in France, popular with alpinists and mountain enthusiasts. Via the cable car lift to the Aiguille du Midi it is possible to access the off-piste ski run of the Vallée Blanche ('white valley').
Pope Benedict IV
Pope Benedict IV (Latin: Benedictus IV; c. 840 – 30 July 903) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 900 to his death.  The tenth-century historian Flodoard, who nicknamed him "the Great", commended his noble birth and public generosity.

Benedict was a native of Rome, the son of one Mammalus, and was ordained priest by Pope Formosus. He succeeded Pope John IX. In 900, he excommunicated Count Baldwin II of Flanders for murdering Archbishop Fulk of Reims. In 901, Benedict crowned Louis the Blind as emperor. In 902, Berengar of Friuli defeated Louis III and forced him to leave Italy. Benedict died in Rome during the summer of 903; it is possible that Berengar had some involvement. Benedict was buried in front of St Peter's Basilica, by the gate of Guido. He was followed by Pope Leo V.

Flodoard
Flodoard of Reims (Latin: Flodoardus; 893/4 – 28 March 966) was a Frankish chronicler and priest of the cathedral church of Reims in the West Frankish kingdom during the decades following the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire. His historical writings are major sources for the history of Western Europe, especially France, in the early and mid-tenth century.
Frederick William Bourne
Frederick William Bourne (1830–1905) was an English Methodist preacher and author.

He was born at Woodchurch, Kent, and joined the Bible Christian Movement as a preacher.  In 1866, he became the editor of the Bible Christian Magazine and led the Bible Christian movement for many years.

He wrote several books under the title "F. W. Bourne". One, The King's Son, a memoir of Billy Bray, was reprinted over fifty times.

He married Mary Horswell in 1859 and had five children before her death in 1873.  He later remarried in 1876 to Adelaide Chalcraft.  He died in 1905 and is buried at Lake Chapel in Shebbear, Devon.

Bible Christian Church
The Bible Christian Church was a Methodist denomination founded by William O'Bryan (born Bryant), a Wesleyan Methodist local preacher, on 18 October 1815 in North Cornwall. The first society, consisting of just 22 members, met at Lake Farm in Shebbear, Devon. Members of the Church were sometimes known as Bryanites, after their founder.

Although founded by O'Bryan, the family Thorne came to dominate the movement as the same autocratic behaviour by Bryant that led to his separation from the Weslyan Methodists also led to him losing the leadership of the Bible Christians to James Thorne. William Bryant was its first superintendent until 1828 when, following internal strife, he was replaced by William Mason, with James Thorne as Secretary. The name was changed to the popular Bible Christians. O'Bryan left in 1832 for America where he continued to preach but no further church was founded.
Laurberg
Laurberg is a Danish surname.

Notable people with the surname Laurberg include:

Ferdinand Laurberg (1904–1941), Estonian footballer and bandy player

Ida Laurberg (born 2000), Danish singer and songwriter

Julie Laurberg (1856–1925), Danish photographer

Lauritz Laurberg Thrane (1757–1809), Danish master mason architect and builder

Ferdinand Laurberg
Ferdinand Laurberg (8 March 1904 – 9 October 1941) was an Estonian bandy player and footballer (goal keeper),  born in Vihterpalu, Harju County.

His club (Tallinna Sport) was 6-times Estonian champion in bandy, and he was a member of Estonia men's national bandy team.

He played also football, and in 1929, his club won Estonian championships. He played one match for Estonia men's national football team.
Bernardo Clesio
Bernardo Clesio (German: Bernhard von Cles; 1 March 1484 – 30 July 1539) was an Italian Cardinal, bishop, diplomat, humanist and botanist.

Born in Cles, in the Prince-Bishopric of Trent, today Trentino, he graduated from the University of Bologna. He later became Prince-Bishop of Trent (1514–1539) and of Brixen (1539), cardinal, and chancellor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I.

He was a key contributor to the organization of the Council of Trent and greatly embellished and expanded Trento in the process. He commissioned the rebuilding of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, Trento, enlarged the Castello del Buonconsiglio and called upon Renaissance artists such as Dosso Dossi and Romanino to decorated the additions.

Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
The Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (German: Hochstift Brixen, Fürstbistum Brixen, Bistum Brixen) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the present-day northern Italian province of South Tyrol. It should not be confused with the larger Catholic diocese, over which the prince-bishops exercised only the ecclesiastical authority of an ordinary bishop. The bishopric in the Eisack/Isarco valley was established in the 6th century and gradually received more secular powers. It gained imperial immediacy in 1027 and remained an Imperial Estate until 1803, when it was secularised to Tyrol. The diocese, however, existed until 1964, and is now part of the Diocese of Bolzano-Brixen.
Dennis Fry
Dennis Butler Fry (3 November 1907 – 21 March 1983) was a British linguist and Professor of Experimental Phonetics at University College London. Through experiments he conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, Fry demonstrated that lexical stress correlated with loudness, pitch, and duration of the affected vowel.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
Montcada Municipal Museum
The aim of the Montcada Municipal Museum (Catalan: Museu Municipal de Montcada), founded in 1982 and housed in the old Casa de la Vila de Montcada i Reixac, Catalonia (Spain) since 1987, aims to recover, conserve and protect local heritage. Among its collection, it is worth mentioning the findings from the Iberian settlement of Les Maleses, in the Catalan Coastal Range in the outskirts of Montcada. The museum also has a permanent exhibition divided into five areas: the environment, mineralogy and palaeontology; prehistory; the Iberian world; medieval and modern Montcada; and, finally, contemporary Montcada. The Museum is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network.

Catalan Coastal Range
Pyrenees

Pre-Pyrenees

Catalan Central Depression

Smaller mountain ranges of the Central Depression

Catalan Transversal Range

Catalan Pre-Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Range

Catalan Coastal Depression and other coastal and pre-coastal plains

The Catalan Coastal Range (Catalan: Serralada Litoral Catalana, IPA: [sərəˈlaðə lituˈɾal kətəˈlanə]) is a system of mountain ranges running parallel to the Mediterranean Sea coast in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the Catalan Mediterranean System. Its main axis runs between the Foix River and the Roses Gulf and the average altitude is around 500 m. The highest point is 763 m at the Montnegre.
Smiling at Strangers
Smiling at Strangers is the second studio album by TZU, released in September 2005. The album was produced by Magoo and released under the Liberation Music record label. The album peaked at number 71 on the ARIA charts.

The album was later re-released as a limited edition double album entitled, Snarling at Strangers, featuring five previously unreleased tracks and three music videos.

Liberation Music
Liberation Records, formerly Liberation Music, was an Australian record company and label, started in 1999 by Michael Gudinski and Warren Costello, based in Melbourne. Its stated business aim is to "find, nurture and then to develop new talent for a world market while remaining independent in the process".

Liberation has a sub-label called Liberator Music, which is a distributor for foreign artists and labels such as Childish Gambino, Glassnote Records, BMG Rights Management, and Ipecac Recordings.

Liberation Records was merged into Mushroom Music in 2024.
A.D.A.M. Life's Greatest Mysteries
A.D.A.M. Life's Greatest Mysteries is an educational interactive CD-ROM game. The title aims to debunk myths about the human body, mind, sickness, and other topics.

A.D.A.M. Life's Greatest Mysteries is a combination of two earlier titles, A.D.A.M. The Inside Story Complete, and Life's Greatest Mysteries. A.D.A.M. Nine Month Miracle, A.D.A.M. The Inside Story, and A.D.A.M. Life's Greatest Mysteries were bundled together in the A.D.A.M Back-to-School Pack that was sold in mid-1996.

In critique, the Sydney Morning Herald felt the game wasn't comprehensive, but would instead offer a surface understanding that would encourage young players to learn more. The Independent thought it was a "useful adjunct to multimedia encyclopaedias". The New Castle, Pennsylvania News praised the game's engaging animation and graphics.

New Castle News
The New Castle News is a six-day (Monday through Saturday) daily newspaper published in New Castle, Pennsylvania, and covering Lawrence County. It is owned by CNHI.

The News also publishes an 8,700-circulation weekly newspaper in nearby Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, called South County News.
1978 Dutch province hall hostage crisis
On the morning of Monday 13 March 1978, at 10:15, three South-Moluccans seized the Province Hall in Assen, Netherlands. Some of the people inside escaped by jumping out of the window, including the Queen's Commissioner of the Drenthe province. 16 women and 55 men were taken hostage. Two people were killed.

King's commissioner
A King's commissioner (Dutch: Commissaris van de Koning, CvdK) is the head of government and legislature in a province of the Netherlands. When the reigning monarch is a woman, the title is Queen's commissioner (Commissaris van de Koningin).

A commissioner is appointed by the Dutch Crown as its official representative, and serves as the non-voting chair of the provincial legislature, the States-Provincial. They also serve as chair and full and voting member of the Provincial executive.
Vinithar
Vinitharius or Vinithar was possibly a king of the Greuthungian Goths around 375-376 AD. Vinitharius is mentioned by Gothic historian Jordanes in Getica. According to him, Vinitharius became the new king of the Greuthungi after the death of Ermanaric (Hermanaric). Ammianus Marcellinus reports that Ermanaric was succeeded by Vithimiris.

At that time those Goths fell under suzerainty of Huns.

Vinitharius is said to have fought the Antes who were led by their leader Boz. He defeated the Antes and crucified Boz, his eight sons and seventy noblemen. A year later Vinitharius is said to have been defeated on the river Erak by united forces of Huns and other Goths led by the Hun leader Balamber, who took the daughter of Vinitharius as his wife. The portrayal of Jordanes is problematic, in particular with regards to the Antes, who are only mentioned by other authors in the 6th century. It is possible that Vinitharius and Vithimiris refers to the same person.

Jordanes
Jordanes (/dʒɔːrˈdeɪniːz/; Greek: Ιορδάνης), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat, of Gothic descent, who became a historian later in life.

He wrote two works, one on Roman history (Romana) and the other on the Goths (Getica). The latter, along with Isidore of Seville's Historia Gothorum, is one of only two extant ancient works dealing with the early history of the Goths. Other writers, such as Procopius, wrote works on the later history of the Goths. Getica has been the object of much critical review. Jordanes wrote in Late Latin rather than the classical Ciceronian Latin. According to his own introduction, he had only three days to review what Cassiodorus had written and so he must also have relied on his own knowledge.
2003 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
The 2003 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships were the 73rd NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships to be held. The tournament was held at the Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri.

Oklahoma State won the team championship with 143 points, their 31st team title, and had two individual champions.

Eric Larkin of Arizona State was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler and Jason Powell of Nebraska received the Gorriaran Award.

Hy-Vee Arena
Hy-Vee Arena, previously known as Kemper Arena, is an indoor arena located in Kansas City, Missouri. Prior to conversion to a youth sports and community gymnasium facility, Kemper Arena was previously a 19,500-seat professional sports arena. It has hosted NCAA Final Four basketball games, professional basketball and hockey teams, professional wrestling events, the 1976 Republican National Convention, concerts, and is the ongoing host of the American Royal livestock show.

It was originally named for Rufus Crosby Kemper Sr., a member of the powerful Kemper financial clan and who donated $3.2 million from his estate for the arena. In 2016, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its revolutionary design by Helmut Jahn.
George H. Mifflin
George Harrison Mifflin (1845–1921) was an executive in the publishing business. He served as president of Houghton Mifflin.

Mifflin was born in Boston. He graduated from Harvard. He joined Hurd and Houghton in 1867 and worked for its subsidiary Riverside Press. He continued with Hurd and Houghton's successor companies: "Houghton, Osgood & Co., 1878–1880; Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1880–1888; and the Houghton Mifflin Company, having been President of the last-named company since 1908". He partnered with Henry Oscar Houghton in 1872.

Houghton died in 1895 and Mifflin took over leadership of Houghton, Mifflin & Company. He communicated with some of its prominent authors through good times and bad.

Mifflin was at first skeptical of the company's investment in educational publishing. He was socially connected to Sarah Wyman Whitman, who designed elegant book covers for the business.

He died in Boston at the age of 75.

Riverside Insights
Riverside Insights is a remote, educational technology company and developer of clinical and educational standardized assessments in the United States. It is a charter member of the Association of Test Publishers.

Riverside Insights was established as a wholly owned subsidiary of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) in 1979. HMH sold Riverside Insights to private equity firm Alpine Investors for $140 million in 2018. The company was incorporated as Riverside Assessments LLC in Delaware and subsequently in other states, including Illinois.
Mundaú Lagoon
Mundaú Lagoon is an estuarine lagoon situated west of Maceió, capital city of Alagoas state, in Brazil. Its total area is 24 km2 (9.3 sq mi). The lake receives the Mundaú River, and is connected to the Atlantic Ocean and Manguaba Lagoon by a network of canals which cross the plain forming a lot of little islands. The lagoon contains to large mangrove and numerous types of fish, crabs, shrimps and shellfish. Mundaú Lagoon is the northernmost of several coastal lakes with the same features, including Manguaba, Roteiro and Jequiá lagoons.

Besides Maceió, two other municipalities are located on its edge, the little towns of Santa Luzia do Norte and Coqueiro Seco.

Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land  that generally has few rapid or steep changes in elevation.  Natural vegetation in plains can include prairies/grasslands, forests, savanah, tundra, and desert biomes, among others. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. Plains are one of the major landforms on earth, being present on all continents and covering more than one-third of the world's land area. Plains in many areas are important for agriculture. There are various types of plains, and biomes on them.
Aarattu (1979 film)
Aarattu (transl. Ritual bath) is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by I. V. Sasi, written by T. Damodaran, and produced by Ramachandran. The plot revolves around the life of fire workers in Kerala. The film stars Jose and Seema, along with Hindi actress Shoma Aanand, Balan K. Nair and Kaviyoor Ponnamma in important roles. The film has musical score by A. T. Ummer.

Kaviyoor Ponnamma
Kaviyoor Ponnamma (10 September 1945 – 20 September 2024) was an Indian actress who appeared in Malayalam films and television. Ponnamma had acted in around 700 movies in her career spanning more than six decades. She began her career performing in theatre dramas before foraying into cinema. She also acted in TV serials and commercials and had playback singing credits in few films.

Ponnamma was a four-time Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actress winner. Her sister Kaviyoor Renuka was also an actress. Often called as the "mother to all actors", she acted as mother of almost all actors in her career spanning over decades. At the age of 20, she played the mother of older actors Sathyan and Madhu in Thommente Makkal (1965). She particularly gained critical acclaim for acting as the mother of Mohanlal.