hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qing literati
Qing literati (Chinese: 文人; pinyin: wénrén) were scholars in the Qing dynasty (1644-1912) educated in the Confucian curriculum, the "Four Books and Five Classics", and sometimes called "shi" (Chinese:士), scholar, and "shen" (Chinese:绅), or gentry. They were defined by their education and lifestyle, whether or not they gained their ambition of passing the Imperial examinations or becoming scholar-officials. They typically began their studies when young. : 145  They attempted to pass three tests throughout their lives. Candidates who achieved the lower degree were called shengyuan (Chinese:生员); those who passed the second level could take the third and highest test, held in Beijing every three years; those who passed this highest test were jinshi.

Landed gentry in China
The gentry, or landed gentry in China was the elite who held privileged status through passing the Imperial exams, which made them eligible to hold office.  These literati, or scholar-officials, (shenshi 紳士 or jinshen 縉紳), also called 士紳 shishen "scholar gentry" or 鄉紳 xiangshen "local gentry", held a virtual monopoly on office holding, and overlapped with an unofficial elite of the wealthy. The Tang and  Song dynasties expanded the civil service exam to replace the nine-rank system which favored hereditary and largely military aristocrats. As a social class they included retired mandarins or their families and descendants. Owning land was often their way of preserving wealth.
Alamat (TV program)
Alamat (transl. folklore) is a Philippine television drama fantasy anthology series broadcast by GMA Network. It premiered on July 12, 2015. The series concluded on June 19, 2016 with a total of 2 seasons and 12 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Khasanboy Rakhimov
Khasanboy Rakhimov is an Uzbekistani freestyle wrestler. He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 125 kg event at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships but his medal was stripped as he tested positive for a banned substance. He would have been scheduled to represent Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, but the Olympic quota for that spot was given to a runner up.

He also won first place in the 2019 Medved International competition.

In 2022, he competed at the Yasar Dogu Tournament held in Istanbul, Turkey.

He won the bronze medal in the men's 125 kg event at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey. He competed in the 125 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.

Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Uzbekistan competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's seventh consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics in the post-Soviet era.

Uzbekistan won five medals at these Games, down from 13 in 2016. However, the country won three gold medals, only one fewer than in Rio.
Doug Socha
Doug Socha (born c. 1975) is an American football coach. He is the head football coach for Lenoir–Rhyne University, a position he has held since 2024. Socha led the Keiser Seahawks to back-to-back NAIA Football National Championship title games in 2022 and 2023: winning in 2023.

Lenoir–Rhyne University
Lenoir–Rhyne University is a private university in Hickory, North Carolina, United States. It was founded in 1891 and is affiliated with the North Carolina Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).
Paramapadham Vilayattu
Paramapadham Vilayattu (transl. The snakes and ladders game) also  shortly Paramapadham is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language political action thriller film directed by Thirugnanam. The film stars Trisha Krishnan in her 60th film, newcomer Vijay Varmaa, Nandaa, and Richard Rishi, while A. L. Azhagappan, Manasvi Kottachi, and Vela Ramamoorthy play supporting roles. The music was composed by Amresh Ganesh with cinematography by J. Dinesh and editing by Pradeep E. Ragav.

The film's release date had been postponed from its original date of February 28, 2020 for unexplained reasons. A year later, the film's theatrical release was cancelled, and it was decided to release the film via Disney+ Hotstar on 14 April 2021, during the occasion of Puthandu. It failed to impress audiences, who largely did not favour its writing and plot.

A. L. Azhagappan
A. L. Azhagappan (born 18 September 1951) is an Indian actor and film producer in Tamil cinema. After making films he has made a career appearing in supporting roles as an actor. His sons A. L. Vijay and Udhaya also work in the film industry.
Karl Ludwig Littrow
Karl Ludwig Edler von Littrow (18 July 1811 – 16 November 1877) was an Austrian astronomer.

Born in Kazan, Russian Empire, he was the son of astronomer Joseph Johann Littrow. He studied mathematics and astronomy at the universities of Vienna and Berlin, receiving his doctorate at the University of Krakow in 1832. In 1842 he succeeded his father as director of the Vienna Observatory. Under his leadership, construction of a new observatory began in Währing in 1872; he died, however, prior to its completion. He was the husband of Auguste von Littrow and the father of Otto von Littrow.

He died in Venice, Italy.

He is the great-great-grandfather of Roman Catholic Cardinal Christoph Schönborn.

Währing
Währing (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛːʁɪŋ] ⓘ) is the 18th district of Vienna and lies in northwestern Vienna on the edge of the Vienna Woods. It was formed in 1892 from the unification of the older suburbs of Währing, Weinhaus, Gersthof, Pötzleinsdorf, Neustift am Walde and Salmannsdorf. In 1938 Neustift am Walde and Salmannsdorf were annexed to the neighbouring 19th District (Döbling).
Chess Fever
Chess Fever (Russian: Шахматная горячка, romanized: Shakhmatnaya goryachka) is a 1925 Soviet silent comedy film directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin and Nikolai Shpikovsky. Chess Fever is a comedy about the Moscow 1925 chess tournament, made by Pudovkin during the pause in the filming of Mechanics of the Brain. The film combines acted parts with actual footage from the tournament.

Yuli Raizman
Yuli Yakovlevich Raizman (Russian: Юлий Яковлевич Райзман; December 15, 1903 – December 11, 1994) was a Soviet and Russian film director, screenwriter and pedagogue. People's Artist of the USSR (1964) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1973).
2023 Canberra Tennis International – Men's doubles
Evan Hoyt and Wu Tung-lin were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

André Göransson and Ben McLachlan won the title after defeating Andrew Harris and John-Patrick Smith 6–3, 5–7, [10–5] in the final.

Wu Tung-lin
Wu Tung-lin (Chinese: 吳東霖; pinyin: Wú Dong-lín; born 12 May 1998), also known as Tony Wu, is a Taiwanese tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 158, achieved on 3 April 2023 and a career-high doubles ranking of No. 246, achieved on 17 October 2022. Wu is currently the No. 3 Taiwanese singles player.

Wu represents Chinese Taipei at the Davis Cup, where he has a W-L record of 1–1.
St. Peter's Episcopal Church (McKinney, Texas)
St. Peter's Episcopal Church is located in McKinney, Texas, approximately 30 miles north of Dallas.

The church was designated a mission church in 1876, when services were held in private homes and offices. In 1890 the mission was elevated to the status of a parish, and in 1893 the original frame church was completed, on the site of the present church. A new sanctuary was built in 1926. In 1947, the church's women's guild sold mail order fruitcakes that raised money for the church.

In 1960 a fire destroyed the sanctuary and other valuables, and the current church building was built the next year, and extended in 1997.

The interim Rector is the Rev. Kathy Heitmann.

Sanctuary
A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine, protected by ecclesiastical immunity. By the use of such places as a haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety. This secondary use can be categorized into human sanctuary, a safe place for people, such as a political sanctuary; and non-human sanctuary, such as an animal or plant sanctuary.
La Choralis Fourmies Féminine
La Choralis Fourmies Féminine is an annual, professional women's one-day cycling race in Fourmies, France. It was first held in 2019 as a category 1.2 race, before upgrading to 1.1 status in 2024, and then joining the UCI Women's ProSeries for 2025. The race is one of several late season races that are held in France.

UCI ProSeries (women)
The UCI ProSeries is the second tier women's elite road cycling tour. It was inaugurated in 2020. The series is placed below the UCI Women's World Tour, but above the various 1.1/2.1 and 1.2/2.2 races. As of 2026, the tour consists of 20 races in Europe and Australia, of which 17 are one-day races (1.Pro) and 3 are stage races (2.Pro).
Elrigh Louw
Elrigh Louw (born 20 September 1999) is a South African professional rugby union player who currently plays for the Bulls in the United Rugby Championship and for the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup. He can play as a flanker or 8th man.

Louw attended and played rugby for Hoërskool Transvalia, which earned him a selection to the Falcons squad for the Under-18 Craven Week. After school, Louw moved to Bloemfontein to join the Free State Cheetahs, representing them at Under-19 and Under-21 level. He was also called up to the South Africa Under-20 squad, representing them at the 2019 World Rugby Under 20 Championship in Argentina.

In 2019, Louw joined the Port Elizabeth-based franchise the Southern Kings. He made his first class debut in the opening round of the 2019–20 Pro14 season, coming on as a replacement their 27–31 defeat to the Cardiff Blues. In his second appearance the following week, he scored his first senior try in a 20–31 defeat to Munster.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Jaime Flores Castañeda
Jaime Flores Castañeda (born 30 April 1967) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
In the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent the first district of Chihuahua during the 
61st Congress.

1st federal electoral district of Chihuahua
The 1st federal electoral district of Chihuahua (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 01 de Chihuahua) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of nine such districts in the state of Chihuahua.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Daniel Murguía Lardizábal of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
R725 road (Ireland)
The R725 road is a regional road in Ireland. From its junction with the N80 on the western outskirts of Carlow Town it takes an  easterly route to its junction with the N81 in Tullow, where it crosses the River Slaney on a bridge shared with the N81 in the town centre. It continues east to Shillelagh in County Wicklow, turns due south for 6 km, then eastwards through Carnew. It then enters County Wexford for the final 15 km stretch, terminating in Gorey at the R772. The road is 53 km (33 mi) long.

River Slaney
The River Slaney (/ˈsleɪniː/; Irish: An tSláine) is a large river in the southeast of Ireland. It rises on Lugnaquilla Mountain in the western Wicklow Mountains and flows west and then south through counties Wicklow, Carlow and Wexford for 117.5 km (73 mi), before entering St George's Channel in the Irish Sea at Wexford town. The estuary of the Slaney is wide and shallow and is known as Wexford Harbour. The catchment area of the River Slaney is 1,762 km2. The long-term average flow rate of the River Slaney is 37.4m3/s

Towns that the Slaney runs through include Stratford-on-Slaney, Baltinglass, Tullow, Bunclody, Enniscorthy and Wexford. The river is crossed by 32 road bridges and one railway bridge.
Gamma-D-Glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate peptidase
Gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate peptidase (EC 3.4.19.11, endopeptidase I, gamma-D-glutamyldiaminopimelate endopeptidase, gamma-D-glutamyl-L-meso-diaminopimelate peptidoglycan hydrolase, gamma-glutamyl-L-meso-diaminopimelyl endopeptidase, gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate endopeptidase, gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic peptidoglycan hydrolase, gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic endopeptidase, gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-D-aminopimelic endopeptidase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Hydrolysis of gamma-D-glutamyl bonds to the L-terminus (position 7) of meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-A2pm) in 7-(L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu)-meso-A2pm and 7-(L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu)-7-(D-Ala)-meso-A2pm. It is required that the D-terminal amino and carboxy groups of meso-A2pm are unsubstituted

This metallopeptidase is isolate from Bacillus sphaericus.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
Myosin-7
Myosin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH7 gene.

It is the myosin heavy chain beta (MHC-β) isoform (slow twitch) expressed primarily in the heart, but also in skeletal muscles (type I fibers). This isoform is distinct from the fast isoform of cardiac myosin heavy chain, MYH6, referred to as MHC-α. MHC-β is the major protein comprising the thick filament that forms the sarcomeres in cardiac muscle and plays a major role in cardiac muscle contraction.

Myofilament
Myofilaments are the three protein filaments of myofibrils in muscle cells. The main proteins involved are myosin, actin, and titin. Myosin and actin are the contractile proteins and titin is an elastic protein. The myofilaments act together in muscle contraction, and in order of size are a thick one of mostly myosin, a thin one of mostly actin, and a very thin one of mostly titin.

Types of muscle tissue are striated skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, obliquely striated muscle (found in some invertebrates), and non-striated smooth muscle. Various arrangements of myofilaments create different muscles. Striated muscle has transverse bands of filaments. In obliquely striated muscle, the filaments are staggered. Smooth muscle has irregular arrangements of filaments.
Solita forma
In 19th-century Italian opera, la solita forma (literally conventional form or multipartite form or double aria) is the formal design of scenes found during the bel canto era of Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti up to the late operas of Verdi. The English phrase—"multipartite form"—is most often used by American musicologist Philip Gossett, beginning with a 1974 essay, where referring to a general framework of melodramatic scene types, especially duets. Each scene gradually progresses from an opening static lyric moment to a finale through several standard musical tempos and set pieces, gradually adding characters and adding or unraveling complexity in the plot.

Because composers wrote operas in short spans of time, the standardized form of scenes ensured a time-tested dramatic and musical structure. The term itself comes from a work of criticism by Abramo Basevi

Italian opera
Italian opera is both the art of opera in Italy and opera in the Italian language. Opera was born in Italy around the year 1600 and Italian opera has continued to play a dominant role in the history of the form until the present day. Many famous operas in Italian were written by foreign composers, including Handel, Gluck and Mozart. Works by native Italian composers of the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi and Puccini, are amongst the most famous operas ever written and today are performed in opera houses across the world.
Bibhuti Roy
Bibhuti Roy is an engineer and professor. He is a researcher at the University of Bremen at the ITB in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering and a visiting professor at international universities. His research interests include Computer Based Training, Curriculum development, Biotechnology for sustainable water supply, decentralized energy production and storage  and Solar Energy Production Facility and Maintenance.

Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those related to planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, technology, economics and money.
Rožna Dolina
Rožna Dolina (pronounced [ˈɾoːʒna dɔˈliːna]; Italian: Valdirose, German: Rosenthal) is one of the four suburbs of the town of Nova Gorica in western Slovenia (the others being Solkan, Kromberk, and Pristava). It is on the border with Italy. Before 1947, it used to be a suburb of the town of Gorizia, which was left to Italy in the Paris Peace Conference of February 1947.

It was the site of one of the major engagements in the Ten-Day War for the independence of Slovenia in June 1991.

The University of Nova Gorica is located in Rožna Dolina.

The largest Jewish cemetery in Slovenia and one of the largest in the Alpe-Adria region is located in Rožna Dolina. Among other graves, it contains the tomb of the Italian philosopher Carlo Michelstaedter.

Lucy Christalnigg, first victim on the Isonzo Front, was a resident of Rožna Dolina. She was on her way back to Rožna Dolina in August 1914, when she was shot by two Landsturm guards at a roadblock.

Landsturm
In various European countries, the term Landstorm (German: Landsturm, Swedish and Dutch: landstorm, roughly "land assault", lit. 'land-storm') was historically used to refer to militia or military units composed of conscripts who were not in the regular army. It is particularly associated with Prussia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Sweden, and the Netherlands.
Francis Popham (cricketer)
Francis Leyborne Popham (14 October 1809 – 30 July 1880) was an English barrister and cricketer. He was associated with Oxford University Cricket Club and made his debut in 1829.

Popham was a member of the Popham family which at that time owned Littlecote House near Ramsbury. He was educated at Harrow School and University College, Oxford, matriculating in 1827. He graduated in 1831 and was a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1831–43. He studied law at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1837.

Popham bred and owned the racehorse Wild Dayrell, winner of the 1855 Derby.

Littlecote House
Littlecote House is a large Elizabethan country house and estate in the civil parishes of Ramsbury and Chilton Foliat, in the English county of Wiltshire, about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) northeast of the Berkshire town of Hungerford. The estate includes 34 hectares of historic parklands and gardens, including a walled garden dating from the 17th and 18th centuries. In its grounds is Littlecote Roman Villa.

A Grade I listed building, Littlecote House is now a hotel and leisure centre.
God Eater (TV series)
God Eater (Japanese: ゴッドイーター, Hepburn: Goddo Ītā) is an anime adaptation of the God Eater video game. It is animated by Ufotable and began airing on July 12, 2015, after a one-week delay. It was later acquired by MVM Films in December 2017 for release that year.

MVM Entertainment
MVM Entertainment, also known as MVM and MVM Films, is a British licensor and distributor of Japanese animation. The company also sub-licenses anime titles from US anime companies such as Media Blasters, Geneon, Nozomi Entertainment, Urban Vision, AnimEigo and US Manga Corps, which do not have a UK presence, and releases them on Region 2 DVD. It is part of the MVM Group, which also has wholesale and retail arms, and specialises in anime, manga and related merchandise. It is headquartered in Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales.
Bounds Creek
Bounds Creek is a stream in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Missouri. Bounds Creek is a tributary of Hubble Creek.

The stream headwaters are at 37°10′15″N 90°23′52″W﻿ / ﻿37.17083°N 90.39778°W﻿ / 37.17083; -90.39778 and the stream flows generally westward crossing under US Route 67 to its confluence with Hubble Creek just south of Silva and within the waters of Lake Wappapello at 37°09′57″N 90°28′15″W﻿ / ﻿37.16583°N 90.47083°W﻿ / 37.16583; -90.47083.

Bounds Creek has the name of Isaac and Stephen Bounds, pioneer citizens.

U.S. Route 67
U.S. Route 67 is a major north–south U.S. highway which extends for 1,560 miles (2,511 km) in the Central United States. The southern terminus of the route is at the United States-Mexico border in Presidio, Texas, where it continues south as Mexican Federal Highway 16 upon crossing the Rio Grande. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 52 in Sabula, Iowa. US 67 crosses the Mississippi River twice along its routing. The first crossing is at West Alton, Missouri, where US 67 uses the Clark Bridge to reach Alton, Illinois. About 240 miles (390 km) to the north, US 67 crosses the river again at the Rock Island Centennial Bridge between Rock Island, Illinois, and Davenport, Iowa. Additionally, the route crosses the Missouri River via the Lewis Bridge a few miles southwest of the Clark Bridge.