hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Century (automobile)
The Century was an early American electric car produced by the Century Motor Company in Detroit, Michigan from 1911 to 1913. The Century had an underslung chassis, tiller-operated steering, and the option of either solid or pneumatic tires. Its electrical speed controller offered a choice of six-speeds, and the series-wound Westinghouse motor was geared directly to the rear axle.

Century Motor Company was renamed to the Century Electric Car Company from 1913 to 1915.

Axle
An axle or axletree is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported.  In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle.  Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type of axle is referred to as a spindle.
Idan Ofer
Idan Ofer (Hebrew: עידן עופר; born 2 October 1955) is an Israeli billionaire businessman and philanthropist, with interests in shipping, energy, mining and sports. He is the founder of the principal of the Quantum Pacific Group, a holding company.  He is majority shareholder of the Israel Corporation, listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, as well as Kenon Holdings, listed on the Tel Aviv and New York Stock Exchange. He is also the owner of the Israeli holding company Lynav Holdings and the Dutch-based Ansonia Holdings.

Ofer owns a 33% stake in Spain's La Liga association football club Atlético Madrid, and an 85% stake in Portugal's Primeira Liga association football club Famalicão.

As of February 2025, Forbes estimated his net worth to be US$17.7 billion. In the Sunday Times Rich List 2025 ranking of the wealthiest people in the UK he was placed 5th with an estimated fortune of £20.121 billion.

Sunday Times Rich List 2025
The Sunday Times Rich List 2025 is the 37th annual survey of the wealthiest people resident in the United Kingdom, published by The Sunday Times online on 16 May 2025 and in print on 18 May 2025.

The list was edited by Robert Watts who succeeded long-term compiler Philip Beresford in 2017.

He noted that "The Sunday Times's annual examination of the finances of Britain's most affluent individuals and families has been one of the toughest to compile due to Trump's tariffs and the ensuing stock market turbulence. The result is a stark reflection of the state of UK wealth. Falling fortunes have led many to drop off the list and others are no longer eligible, having fled Britain after Labour's non-dom crackdown."

The list was widely reported by other media.
Olga Dontsova
Olga Anatolyevna Dontsova (born January 7, 1959) is a Russian biochemist and an academician at the Russian Academy of Sciences. Her research interests includes: structure and functions of RNA-containing cellular machines, functional properties and mechanisms of regulation of Telomerase Ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) complexes and non-coding RNAs.

Ribonucleoprotein particle
A ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) is a complex formed between RNA and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The term RNP foci can also be used to denote intracellular compartments involved in processing of RNA transcripts.
Cordyceps
Cordyceps /ˈkɔːrdɪsɛps/ is a genus of ascomycete fungi (sac fungi) that includes over 260 species worldwide, many of which are parasitic. Diverse variants of cordyceps have had more than 1,500 years of use in  Chinese medicine. Most Cordyceps species are endoparasitoids, parasitic mainly on insects and other arthropods (they are thus entomopathogenic fungi); a few are parasitic on other fungi.

The generic name Cordyceps is derived from the ancient Greek κορδύλη kordýlē, meaning "club", and the Latin -ceps, derived from Latin caput, meaning "head". The genus has a worldwide distribution, with most of the known species being from Asia.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Peter Utzelmann
(Franz) Peter Utzelmann (1 May 1896–1972) was a German communist. He was a founding member of the Communist Workers' Party of Germany (KAPD). He was the coordinator of the strike committee at the Leuna works.
Over 25,000 workers at the plant went on strike during the March Action in 1921.

Communist Workers' Party of Germany
The Communist Workers' Party of Germany (German: Kommunistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, KAPD) was an anti-parliamentarian and left communist party that was active in Germany during the Weimar Republic. It was founded in 1920 in Heidelberg as a split from the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Originally the party remained a sympathising member of the Communist International. In 1922, the KAPD split into two factions, both of whom kept the name, but are referred to as the KAPD Essen Faction and the KAPD Berlin Faction.

The KAPD Essen Faction was linked to the Communist Workers International. The Entschiedene Linke joined the KAPD in 1927.
Charlie Havens
Charles William Havens (July 12, 1903 – May 12, 1996) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, baseball. He played professionally as a center and tackle for one season, in 1930, with the Frankford Yellow Jackets of the National Football League (NFL). Havens served two stints as the head football coach at Western Maryland College—now known as a McDaniel College—from 1935 to 1941 and again from 1946 to 1956, compiling a record of 77–65–6. He was the head baseball coach at Western Maryland for five one-year stints, in 1935, 1938, 1941, 1947, and 1957. Havens also served as the head basketball coach at Western Maryland during the 1934–35 season.

Havens was born and raised in Rome, New York. He died of kidney failure, on May 12, 1996, at Asbury Methodist Village in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

McDaniel College
McDaniel College is a private college in Westminster, Maryland, United States, established in 1867.  McDaniel College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The college also has a satellite campus, McDaniel College Budapest, in Budapest, Hungary. The college owns and manages a shopping center and residential properties through its for-profit arm.
Symphony No. 1 (Szymanowski)
Polish composer Karol Szymanowski worked on his Symphony No. 1 in F minor Op. 15 between 1906 and 1907.

Szymanowski struggled with the composition.  He wrote in a letter from 1906 that it was going to "turn out to be some sort of contrapuntal-harmonic-orchestral monster" and going so far as to say "I don't like it".  He only completed the first movement and the finale and these two movements had a single performance at the Warsaw Philharmonia, conducted by Grzegorz Fitelberg on 26 March 1909, before Szymanowski withdrew the score.

The symphony is scored for 3 flutes, 3 oboes, 4 clarinets, 3 bassoons, 6 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, percussion (4 players), 2 harps and strings.

The two movements are:

Allegro moderato

Allegretto con moto grazioso

The playing time is approximately 20 minutes.

Grzegorz Fitelberg
Grzegorz Fitelberg (18 October 1879 – 10 June 1953) was a Polish conductor, violinist and composer. He was a member of the Young Poland group, together with artists such as Karol Szymanowski, Ludomir Różycki and Mieczysław Karłowicz.
Iron Latch
Iron Latch is a 4.3-hectare (11-acre) nature reserve in Eight Ash Green, west of Colchester in Essex.

The site consists of areas of species-rich grassland and ash woodland. Bird's foot trefoil provides food for common blue butterflies, and other butterflies include purple hairstreaks. Nightingales nest in the trees and hedges.

There is access from Iron Latch Lane.

Purple hairstreak
The purple hairstreak (Favonius quercus) is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae distributed throughout much of Europe, North Africa, Anatolia, Caucasia, and Transcaucasia.
The larva feeds on Quercus robur, Quercus petraea,  Quercus cerris  and Quercus ilex.
Giacomo Ratto
Giacomo Ratto (born 19 April 1986 in Varese, Italy) is an Italian footballer who currently plays for Nilandhoo SC of the Central League Zone in the Maldives. He has played for clubs in many countries, including Panama, Nicaragua, Fiji, Switzerland, Mongolia, Greece, Malta, Iceland and Maldives.

Vestri (men's football)
The Vestri men's football team, commonly known as Vestri, is the men's football department of the Íþróttafélagið Vestri multi-sport club and is based in Ísafjarðarbær, Iceland. In 2025, the team won the Icelandic Cup after defeating Valur in the Cup final. As of 2026, it plays in the Icelandic second-tier 1. deild karla.
Legal constitution
A legal constitution is a constitution where the judiciary form the greatest check upon the use of executive power. A legal constitution can be contrasted with a political constitution where political accountability is the greatest method of controlling government. In a legal constitution, methods of official review and the striking down of unconstitutional legislation may be used in order to control government power. Whether a move from a political to a legal constitution has occurred in the United Kingdom after the passing of the Human Rights Act has been debated by scholars, including Richard Paul Bellamy.

Richard Bellamy (philosopher)
Richard Bellamy FBA FAcSS MAE (born 15 June 1957) is a British political philosopher and Professor of Political Science at University College London. He is best known for his historical work on the Italian tradition of legal and political thought and his own writings in legal and political philosophy.
Bellamy won the David and Elaine Spitz Prize in 2009 for his book Political Constitutionalism: a Republican Defence of the Constitutionality of Democracy. In 2012 he was awarded the Serena Medal by the British Academy, given 'for eminent services towards the furtherance of the study of Italian history, philosophy or music, literature, art, or economics.' Bellamy has been the lead editor of the Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy (CRISPP) since 2003. He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) in 2008, a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 2022, and a Member of the Academia Europaea (MAE) in 2024.
Háj ve Slezsku
Háj ve Slezsku (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦaːj ˈvɛslɛsku]; German: Freiheitsau) is a municipality and village in Opava District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,200 inhabitants.

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
Medvedjek, Loški Potok
Medvedjek (pronounced [mɛˈdʋeːdjɛk]; German: Bärenheim or Bärnheim) is a former village in the Municipality of Loški Potok in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Trava.

Municipality of Loški Potok
The Municipality of Loški Potok (pronounced [ˈloːʃki ˈpɔːtɔk]; Slovene: Občina Loški Potok) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The municipal administration is based in the settlement of Hrib–Loški Potok. Traditionally forestry provided the main income for local inhabitants and it still plays an important role. It borders Croatia.
Enea Riboldi
Enea Riboldi (3 August 1954 – 8 May 2025) was an Italian comics artist and illustrator.

Working in both Italy and France, he notably collaborated with the publishers Éditions Larousse, Casterman, Dargaud, and Glénat Éditions. From 2002 to 2003, he worked on two volumes of L'Encyclopédie humoristique de la voile alongside Stéphane Germain.

Enea Riboldi died in Milan on 8 May 2025, at the age of 70.

Glénat Éditions
Glénat Éditions SA (French: [ɡlena edisjɔ̃]) is a French publisher with its head office in Grenoble. Their products include comic albums and manga in France, Benelux, and in the past Spain; it was founded by Jacques Glénat. The Benelux subsidiary, Glénat Benelux N.V., is located in Brussels, Belgium. The Switzerland subsidiary, Glénat Éditions (Suisse) SA, has its headquarters in Nyon. The Spanish subsidiary had its head office in Barcelona.
Men at Arms
Men at Arms is a fantasy novel by British writer Terry Pratchett, the 15th book in the Discworld series, first published in 1993. It is the second novel about the Ankh-Morpork City Watch on the Discworld. Lance-constable Angua von Überwald, later in the series promoted to the rank of Sergeant, is introduced in this book. Lance-constable (in the course of the novel promoted to Acting-constable) Detritus is introduced as a new member of the watch as well, though he had already appeared in other Discworld novels, most notably in Moving Pictures. Also notable is the only appearance of Lance-constable Cuddy (also promoted to Acting-constable).

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
George Bloom
George Jay Bloom III (December 22, 1956 – November 11, 2025) was an American television director and visual effects artist. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Emerging Media Program for his work on the television program Stranger Things. His nomination was shared with Craig Weiss and Jim Berndt.

Bloom died at the Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center in Torrance, California, on November 11, 2025, at the age of 68.

Little Company of Mary Hospital (Torrance)
Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center is a Roman Catholic hospital in Torrance, California, United States. The hospital was founded by the Sisters of the Little Company of Mary, and is part of the Providence Health & Services system.
Karasuyama Domain
Karasuyama Domain (烏山藩, Karasuyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in the Nasu region of northern Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Tochigi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Karasuyama Castle in what is now part of the city of Karasuyama, Tochigi. Karasuyama was ruled by a number of clans in its early history, but was ruled by a junior branch of the Ōkubo clan from the mid-Edo period onwards. The Karasuyama Ōkubo clan maintained a secondary jin'ya in what is now Atsugi, Kanagawa to administer its extensive holdings in Sagami Province.

Tochigi Prefecture
Tochigi Prefecture (栃木県, Tochigi-ken) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 km2 (2,474 sq mi). Tochigi Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the west, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the southeast.

Utsunomiya is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture, with other major cities including Oyama, Tochigi, and Ashikaga. Tochigi Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures and its mountainous northern region is a popular tourist region in Japan. The Nasu area is known for its onsens, local sake, and ski resorts, the villa of the Imperial Family, and the Nasushiobara station of the Shinkansen railway line. The city of Nikkō, with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Listed buildings in Shipley, Derbyshire
Shipley is a civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains twelve listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Shipley and the surrounding area.  The most important building in the parish was Shipley Hall, but this was demolished in 1948.  A number of buildings in its grounds are listed, including a model farm, a former water tower, a house, and two lodges with their associated gateways.  The Erewash Canal passes through the parish and the listed buildings associated with it are a bridge, a lock and a cottage.  The other listed buildings are two road bridges to the south of Shipley Lake.

Amber Valley
Amber Valley is a local government district with borough status in the east of Derbyshire, England, taking its name from the River Amber. Its council is based in Ripley. The district covers a semi-rural area lying to the north of the city of Derby. The district contains four main towns whose economy was based on coal mining and remains to some extent influenced by engineering, distribution and manufacturing, holding for instance the headquarters and production site of Thorntons confectionery.

The House of Commons constituency of Amber Valley is of smaller scope.

The village of Crich and other parts of the district were the setting for ITV drama series Peak Practice.
1898 Northwestern Purple football team
The 1898 Northwestern Purple team represented Northwestern University during the 1898 Western Conference football season. In their first and only year under head coach W. H. Bannard, the Purple compiled a 9–4–1 record (0–4 against Western Conference opponents) and finished in last place in the Western Conference. The team lost all four of its games against Western Conference opponents (Chicago, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin) by a combined total of 104 to 16.

1898 Western Conference football season
The 1898 Western Conference football season was the third season of college football played by the member schools of the Western Conference (later known as the Big Ten Conference) and was a part of the 1898 college football season.

The 1898 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Gustave Ferbert, won the conference championship with a 10–0 record, shut out six opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 205 to 26.  The team concluded its season by playing Amos Alonzo Stagg's 1898 Chicago Maroons football team for the conference championship.  The Wolverines beat Chicago by a 12–11 score in a game that inspired Louis Elbel to write Michigan's fight song "The Victors."

Wisconsin, under head coach Philip King, compiled a 9–1 record, lost to Chicago, and finished in third place in the conference.
Dodd's Green
Dodd's Green (also Dod's Green, Dodds Green and Doddsgreen) is a small settlement within the civil parish of Newhall in the Cheshire East division of the ceremonial county of Cheshire. It includes Dodds Green Farm and a cluster of nearby residential buildings as well as the former church of Doddsgreen Methodist Church; all are located on Dodd's Green Lane, which connects the A530 with the A525 (Whitchurch Road).

Some historical Ordnance Survey maps (such as the 1945 New Popular Edition) mark the settlement's centre at Grindley Green in the adjacent civil parish of Dodcott cum Wilkesley; others (such as the 1833 First Series) place it in the modern position. Nearby settlements include Newhall and Salesbrook.

The Wesleyan Methodist Church dates from 1835; it was combined with St Andrew's Methodist Church, Aston in 1985.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
Campoli Appennino
Campoli Appennino (Campanian: Campere) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Rome and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Frosinone.

Campoli Appennino borders the following municipalities: Alvito, Broccostella, Pescasseroli, Pescosolido, Posta Fibreno, Sora, Villavallelonga. It is home to a medieval tower, 25 metres (82 ft) high, a series of walls, and the "Aqueduct of Nero".

Pescasseroli
Pescasseroli (Italian: [peskasˈsɛːroli]; Marsicano: Péšchë or zë Péšchë) is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of L'Aquila, in southern Abruzzo, central-southern Italy.

A summer and winter resort, it is also the location of the Abruzzo National Park, nestled in the heart of the Monti Marsicani.

Philosopher Benedetto Croce was born there in 1866.
Turcu
The Turcu (also: Moieciu, in its upper course also: Bângăleasa or Grohotișul) is a right tributary of the river Bârsa in Romania. It discharges into the Bârsa in Tohanu Vechi near Zărnești. Its source is in the Bucegi Mountains. Its length is 30 km (19 mi) and its basin size is 201 km2 (78 sq mi).

Bucegi Mountains
The Bucegi Mountains (Romanian: Munții Bucegi [ˈmuntsij buˈtʃedʒʲ] ⓘ) are located in central Romania, south of the city of Brașov. They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains. At 2,505 m (8,219 ft), Omu is its highest point.

To the east, the Bucegi Mountains have a very steep slope towards the popular tourist destinations in the Prahova Valley, such as Bușteni and Sinaia. At a higher elevation is the Bucegi Plateau, where wind and rain have turned the rocks into spectacular figures such as the Sphinx and Babele.

The Bucegi is believed to be the Dacian holy mountain Kogainon, on which the God Zalmoxis resided in a cave.