hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred Aslett
Alfred Rimbault Aslett (14 January 1901 – 15 May 1980) was a British Army officer and an English international rugby union player.

Aslett was born in Calcutta, India, and educated at Clifton College.

A powerful centre three-quarter, Aslett played rugby in the army and for London club Richmond, while gaining six England caps during the 1920s. He made his first England trial in 1920 while at Sandhurst, but didn't debut until the 1926 Five Nations Championship, where he played all four of their matches and scored a two tries in a win over France at Twickenham. His other two appearances came in 1929.

Aslett was commissioned into the King's Own Royal Regiment. He commanded the 72nd Indian Infantry Brigade in Burma during World War II and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) at the war's end, retiring soon after with the honorary rank of Brigadier.

Richmond F.C.
Richmond Rugby Club is a rugby union club in Richmond, London, England. It is a founding member of the Rugby Football Union, and is one of the oldest football clubs (of any code). It fields teams in both men's and women's rugby; the men's first team currently play in Champ Rugby in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, following their promotion from the 2024–25 National League 1, while the women's first team play in the Women's Championship.
Eide, Møre og Romsdal
Eide is a village in Hustadvika Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway, where it sits on the Romsdal Peninsula at the intersection of the Kornstadfjorden and Kvernesfjorden. The village is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the small village of Visnes.

The 1.88-square-kilometre (460-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,496 and a population density of 796 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,060/sq mi).

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.
American Institute for Roman Culture
The American Institute For Roman Culture (AIRC) is a non-profit organization. The AIRC has classrooms in Naples, Florida, United States, and Rome, Italy, providing students education in Italian history and contemporary Italian culture.

Naples, Florida
Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,115, down from 19,539 at the 2010 census. Naples is a principal city of the Naples–Marco Island metropolitan area, which had a population of about 375,752 as of 2020.

Naples is the self-titled "Golf Capital of the World" with the second-most golf holes per capita and the most holes of any city in Florida. The city is also known for being appealing to retirees, who make up a large percentage of the population.
Richmond Park (UK Parliament constituency)
Richmond Park is a constituency in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Since 2019, its Member of Parliament (MP) has been Sarah Olney of the Liberal Democrats.

Previously held by Zac Goldsmith of the Conservative Party from 2010, Goldsmith stood down in 2016 in protest over expansion of Heathrow Airport. Olney won the seat at the resulting by-election, defeating Goldsmith who was then standing as an independent. Goldsmith regained the Conservative nomination and the seat in the 2017 general election, before losing to Olney a second time at the 2019 general election. Olney was re-elected in the 2024 general election with an increased majority.

Coombe Vale (ward)
Coombe Vale is an electoral ward in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. The ward was first used in the 2002 elections and elects three councillors to Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council.
Butts County Courthouse
The Butts County Courthouse is an historic former government building designed by Bruce & Morgan and constructed in 1898 by J.H. McKenzie & Son in Jackson, Butts County, Georgia, United States.

The courthouse is located on West Third Street (US 23/GA 42/GA 16) and North Mulberry Street, across from the west end of the overlap with GA 36 (South Mulberry Street).  It is also located on West Second Street and North Oak Street. In simple terms, the town square.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1980. In 2019, courthouse functions ceased in the building, and renovations began in order to re-open as the Economic Development and Tourism Center.

Its design seems to be a less elaborate version of the Monroe County Courthouse designed by Bruce & Morgan in 1896.  It is High Victorian in style. The courthouse hosts a confederate monument.

Jackson, Georgia
Jackson is a city in and the county seat of Butts County, Georgia, United States. Its population was 5,045 in 2010, up from 3,934 at the 2000 census. In 2020, its population was 5,557. The community was named after the Governor James Jackson.
Acanthothecis oryzoides
Acanthothecis oryzoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected in the Parque Natural De Porto Velho (Rondônia) at an altitude of 100 m (330 ft); here, it was found growing on twig bark near a rainforest. The lichen has a dull, glaucous-white thallus, lacking a prothallus. The ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid, and measure 69–80 by 25–35 μm; they have from 9 to 13 transverse septa with light constrictions at the septa.

Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally, the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae.

The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs.
Lord Chancellor of Scotland
The Lord Chancellor of Scotland, formally titled Lord High Chancellor, was an Officer of State in the Kingdom of Scotland. The Lord Chancellor was the principal Great Officer of State, the presiding officer of the Parliament of Scotland, the Keeper of the Great Seal, the presiding officer of the Privy Council (until 1626), and a judge of the College of Justice.

Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of Keeper of the Great Seal. From the 15th century, the Chancellor was normally a bishop or a peer.

Following the Union, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England became the first Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, but the Earl of Seafield continued as Lord Chancellor of Scotland until 1708. He was re-appointed in 1713 and sat as an Extraordinary Lord of Session in that capacity until his death in 1730.

Bishop of Dunkeld
The Bishop of Dunkeld is the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Dunkeld, one of the largest and more important of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics, whose first recorded bishop is an early 12th-century cleric named Cormac. However, the first known abbot dates to the 10th century, and it is often assumed that in Scotland in the period before the 12th century, the roles of both bishop and abbot were one and the same. The Bishopric of Dunkeld ceased to exist as a Catholic institution after the Scottish Reformation but continued as a royal institution into the 17th century. The diocese was restored (with a different boundary) by Pope Leo XIII on 4 March 1878; it is now based in the city of Dundee.
The Syntactic Phenomena of English
The Syntactic Phenomena of English (SPhE) is a book by James D. McCawley that describes the syntax of English. It was published by the University of Chicago Press in 1988 (in two volumes), and with revisions (and as a single volume) in 1998.

English clause syntax
This article describes the syntax of clauses in the English language, chiefly in Modern English. A clause is often said to be the smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete proposition. But this semantic idea of a clause leaves out much of English clause syntax. For example, clauses can be questions,: 161  but questions are not propositions. A syntactic description of an English clause is that it is a subject and a verb. But this too fails, as a clause need not have a subject, as with the imperative,: 170  and, in many theories, an English clause may be verbless.: 222  The idea of what qualifies varies between theories and has changed over time.
Comoran fish scale gecko
The Comoran fish scale gecko (Geckolepis humbloti), is a nocturnal species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Grande Comore in the Comoros and Madagascar.

Originally described in 1887, this species was synonymized with Geckolepis maculata in 1942. It was later resurrected in 2015, following various subsequent scientific studies and expeditions. Hawlitschek et al. (2015) resurrected G. humbloti when it was determined to be paraphyletic based on DNA data, separating the species from G. maculata once again.

Like the rest of its genus, G. humbloti sheds its skin and scales as a defensive measure, just as many other geckos will shed their tails. These scales typically grow back over the course of several months.

Autotomy
Autotomy ('self-amputation', from the Greek auto-, "self-" and tome, "severing") is the behaviour whereby an animal sheds or discards an appendage, usually as a self-defense mechanism to elude a predator's grasp or to distract the predator and thereby allow escape. Some animals are able to regenerate the lost body part later. Autotomy is thought to have evolved independently at least nine times. The term was coined in 1883 by Leon Fredericq.
Zhu Jiabao
Zhu Jiabao (Chinese: 朱家寶; 1860 – September 5, 1923) was a Chinese monarchist politician who supported the creation of the Empire of China and the 1917 Manchu Restoration of Zhang Xun. He was born in Ningzhou Town, Huaning County, Yunnan. In 1907, he was appointed Governor of Jilin Province and the next year, he became Governor of Anhui Province, a post he held until the Xinhai Revolution.

Huaning County
Huaning County (simplified Chinese: 华宁县; traditional Chinese: 華寧縣; pinyin: Huáníng Xiàn) is a county under the administration of Yuxi, in southeastern Yunnan Province, China. It borders Mile City to the east, Jianshui County to the south, Tonghai County and Jiangchuan District to the west, and Chengjiang and Yiliang County, Kunming to the north.
Satish Sekar
Satish C. Sekar is a British author and journalist, and a consultant in forensic evidence. Sekar has specialised since the 1990s in the investigation of miscarriages of justice. His work has been published in newspapers including The Guardian, The Independent and Private Eye, and he has also worked for television documentaries including Panorama and Trial and Error.

Miscarriage of justice
A miscarriage of justice occurs when an unfair outcome occurs in a criminal or civil proceeding. Examples of miscarriage of justice include conviction of an innocent person, error of impunity, sentencing disparity, and delayed justice.

Innocent people have sometimes ended up in prison for years before their conviction has eventually been overturned. They may be exonerated if new evidence comes to light or it is determined that the police or prosecutor committed some kind of misconduct at the original trial. In some jurisdictions this leads to the payment of compensation.

Academic studies have found that the main factors contributing to miscarriages of justice are: eyewitness misidentification; faulty forensic analysis; false confessions by vulnerable suspects; perjury and lies stated by witnesses; misconduct by police, prosecutors or judges; and/or ineffective assistance of counsel (e.g., inadequate defense strategies by the defendant's or respondent's legal team).
Martin Berteau
Martin Berteau (2 February 1691  in Valenciennes, French Hainaut – 23 January 1771 in Angers) was a French classical cellist, cello teacher, and composer. He is widely regarded as the founder of the French school of cello playing.

French Hainaut
French Hainaut (French: Hainaut français [ɛno fʁɑ̃sɛ]) is one of two areas in France that form the département du Nord, making up its eastern part. It corresponds roughly with the Arrondissement of Avesnes-sur-Helpe (east), the Arrondissement of Cambrai (south-west) and the Arrondissement of Valenciennes (north-west).

Until the 17th century, it was an integral part of the County of Hainaut, ruled by the House of Valois-Burgundy and later by the House of Habsburg. In a series of wars between France and Spain, this southern part of Hainaut was conquered by France, together with the adjacent Cambrésis, or Bishopric of Cambrai, to its south-west, and southern Flanders, which borders the English Channel, to its west. Together, these formed the French province of Flanders which, following the French Revolution, became the new Nord département.
Balochistan Rural Support Programme
Balochistan Rural Support Programme (BRSP) was a project funded by the German technical cooperation agency Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) in the early 1980s which was converted into the Balochistan Rural Support Programme in 1991. It is a Non Government Organization (NGO), part of the Rural Support Programmes Network, working in rural areas of Balochistan, Pakistan.

In the mid-1990s, BRSP worked in 13 Districts of Balochistan with 250 staff members; however, it had to scale down its operations substantially in the subsequent years as GIZ withdrew its support. BRSP resumed its operations in 2001 with financial support from Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF).

Community organization
Community organization or community based organization refers to organization aimed at making desired improvements to a community's social health, well-being, and overall functioning. Community organization occurs in geographically, psychosocially, culturally, spiritually, and digitally bounded communities.

Community organization includes community work, community projects, community development, community empowerment, community building, and community mobilization. It is a commonly used model for organizing community within community projects, neighborhoods, organizations, voluntary associations, localities, and social networks, which may operate as ways to mobilize around geography, shared space, shared experience, interest, need, and/or concern.
Pamela Bryant
Pamela Jean Bryant (February 8, 1959 – December 4, 2010) was an American model and actress. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its April 1978 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Richard Fegley.

Bryant first appeared in Playboy in the September 1977 pictorial "The Girls of the Big Ten". (She was attending Indiana University Bloomington at the time). She went on to have an extensive acting career, appearing in films such as H.O.T.S. (1979), Don't Answer the Phone (1980) and Private Lessons (1981). Bryant also appeared on television series such as The Dukes of Hazzard, Magnum, P.I., Fantasy Island and The Love Boat.

She worked as an artist before her death from an asthma attack.

Richard Fegley
Leon Richard Fegley (November 29, 1936 – September 15, 2001) was an American photographer who worked for Playboy magazine for 30 years.

Fegley started taking photos during a stint in the United States Air Force and eventually attended the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California. In 1971 he joined Playboy as a freelance photographer. His first Playboy Playmate was Carol O'Neal, for the July 1972 issue. In all he photographed 91 Playmates, including Shannon Tweed, Kimberley Conrad, Erika Eleniak, Kelly Monaco and Karen McDougal. Fegley also photographed many covers for Playboy, as well as several celebrities, including adult film star Marilyn Chambers.

In 1982 Richard Fegley released a book titled Dreams, published by PEI Books Inc., that shows many of the images that he had taken on locations that ranged from Paris and Venice to Tokyo and an ocean liner.

He died on September 15, 2001, in Chicago after complications from surgery.
Roy Miller (academic)
Roy Frank Miller (1935 – 25 December 2021) was a British academic, educator, physicist and university administrator. He was the Principal of Royal Holloway College of the University of London from 1982 to 1985.

Principal (academia)
The principal is the chief executive and the chief academic officer of a university or college in certain parts of the Commonwealth.

In the United States, the principal is the head of school at most pre-university, non-boarding schools.
University Avenue (Kinshasa)
University Avenue (French: Avenue de l'Université) is a north–south road in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Serving as one of the city's main traffic arteries, it spans the urban area from its northern terminus at the intersection of Sendwe Avenue and Lumumba Boulevard—marking the boundary between the communes of Kalamu and Limete—to its southern end at the University of Kinshasa campus in the commune of Lemba. Along its route, the avenue intersects major roads such as Victoire Avenue, Bongolo Avenue, Yolo Avenue, and Kapela Avenue, while passing key landmarks including the Ezo Roundabout and the Ngaba Roundabout, where it separates the communes of Makala and Ngaba.

University of Kinshasa
The University of Kinshasa (French: Université de Kinshasa), colloquially known by its acronym UNIKIN, is a public university located in Kinshasa's Lemba commune within the western region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is the country's premier university. Initially established in 1954 as Lovanium University during Belgian colonial rule, the current university was established following the division of the National University of Zaire (UNAZA) in 1981.

The university had an enrollment of 29,554 and a faculty and research staff of 1,929 in the 2018–19 academic year, and currently has twelve academic divisions. The Notre-Dame de la Sagesse is strategically located on the campus and provides pastoral ministries to professors and students.
Astrith Baltsan
Astrith Baltsan (Hebrew: אסתרית בלצן; born 24 October 1956) ,is a concert pianist, winner of Israel Emmy Award 2025 and Israel Culture Prize for lifetime achievement in music 2024, known for her Beethoven interpretations and her concert style, mediating classical music to large audiences. Her concerts, some in collaboration with leading Israeli orchestras, were described as a "revolutionary multisciplinary approach to presenting classical music".

She is also known for her research on Israel national anthem – Hatikva.

Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (abbreviation IPO; Hebrew: התזמורת הפילהרמונית הישראלית, ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisra'elit) is a major Israeli symphony orchestra based in Tel Aviv. Its principal concert venue is Heichal HaTarbut.
Distribution of wealth
The distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society. It shows one aspect of economic inequality or economic heterogeneity.

The distribution of wealth differs from the income distribution in that it looks at the economic distribution of ownership of the assets in a society, rather than the current income of members of that society. According to the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, "the world distribution of wealth is much more unequal than that of income."

For rankings regarding wealth, see List of sovereign states by wealth inequality or list of countries by wealth per adult.

Institute for Policy Studies
The Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) is an American progressive think tank, formed in 1963 and based in Washington, D.C. It was directed by John Cavanagh from 1998 to 2021. In 2021, Tope Folarin assumed the position of executive director. IPS focuses on US foreign policy, domestic policy, human rights, international economics, and national security.

IPS has been described as one of the five major independent think tanks in Washington during its first decades. Members of the IPS played key roles in the civil rights and anti-war movements of the 1960s, in the women's and environmental movements of the 1970s, and in the peace, anti-apartheid, and anti-intervention movements of the 1980s.
James B. Goetz
James Burton Goetz (May 28, 1936 – March 17, 2019) was a radio broadcaster and Minnesota Republican politician. He served as the 38th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota from January 2, 1967, to January 4, 1971. He owned the KAGE radio station in Winona, Minnesota. Goetz was born in Freeport, Illinois. He lived in Naples, Florida with his wife and family. He died in Naples, Florida at the age of 82 with his family by his side.

Naples, Florida
Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,115, down from 19,539 at the 2010 census. Naples is a principal city of the Naples–Marco Island metropolitan area, which had a population of about 375,752 as of 2020.

Naples is the self-titled "Golf Capital of the World" with the second-most golf holes per capita and the most holes of any city in Florida. The city is also known for being appealing to retirees, who make up a large percentage of the population.
Stade Géitz
Stade Géitz was a football stadium in Wiltz, in north-western Luxembourg. It used to be the home stadium of FC Wiltz 71, before they moved into the Stade Am Pëtz in nearby Weidingen.  The stadium had a capacity of 2,000.

Wiltz
Wiltz (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪlts]; Luxembourgish: Wolz [ˈvolts] ⓘ or (locally) Wooltz [ˈvoːlts]) is a commune with town status in north-western Luxembourg, situated in the canton of the same name. Wiltz is situated on the banks of the river Wiltz.  It was also a battleground in the Battle of the Bulge, near the end of World War II. A local airfield (near the village of Noertrange) was used by both sides of the conflict, depending on the location of the Front.

As of 2025, the town of Wiltz, which lies in the south of the commune, has a population of 6,145.
DRDO NETRA
NETRA (NEtworking TRaffic Analysis) is a software network developed by India's Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR), a Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) laboratory, and is used by the Intelligence Bureau, India's domestic intelligence agency, and the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), the country's external intelligence agency to intercept and analyse internet traffic using pre-defined filters. The program was tested at smaller scales by various national security agencies, and is reported to be deployed nationwide as of 2022.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.