hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meiji Jingu Stadium
The Meiji Jingu Stadium (明治神宮野球場, Meiji Jingū Yakyūjō) is a baseball stadium in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. It opened in 1926 and holds 37,933 spectators. Property of the Meiji Shrine, it is the home field of the Tokyo Yakult Swallows professional baseball team. It also hosts college baseball, including the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League and the Tohto University Baseball League.

Redevelopment plans call for the stadium and the adjacent Chichibunomiya Rugby Stadium to be demolished and replaced with new facilities.

Shinjuku
Shinjuku (Japanese: 新宿区, Hepburn: Shinjuku-ku; IPA: [ɕiɲdʑɯkɯ] ⓘ), officially called Shinjuku City, is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

Since the end of World War II, Shinjuku has become a major secondary center of Tokyo (fukutoshin), rivaling the original city center in Marunouchi. Today, it is a major commercial and administrative center, housing the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administrative center of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

As of 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 355,981, living in a total area of 18.23 km2.
Carbacanthographis latispora
Carbacanthographis latispora is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected near the savannah of La Esmeralda (Alto Orinoco Municipality Amazonas); here, in the Amazon rainforest, the lichen was found growing on a dead branch. It is only known to occur at the type locality. It has a whitish-grey thallus that lacks both a cortex and a prothallus. Its ascospores typically measure 140–155 by 30–35 μm and have from 13 to 17 transverse septa. The specific epithet refers to its unusually broad ascospores. Stictic acid, cryptostictic acid, and constictic acid are lichen products that occur in this species.

Stictic acid
Stictic acid is an aromatic organic compound, a product of secondary metabolism in some species of lichens.

Stictic acid is the subject of preliminary biomedical research. Stictic acid has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in vitro. Computational studies suggest stictic acid may also stimulate p53 reactivation.
Treis Volakous
Treis Volakous (Greek: Τρεις Βολάκους, "three rocks") are rocks close to the southern coast of Crete in the Libyan Sea. They fall within the administration of the municipality of Sfakia, in Chania regional unit.

Chania (regional unit)
Chania (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Χανίων), also spelled Hania, is one of the four regional units of Crete; it covers the westernmost quarter of the island. Its capital is the city of Chania. Chania borders only one other regional unit: that of Rethymno to the east. The western part of Crete is bounded to the north by the Cretan Sea (part of the Aegean Sea) and to the west and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Libyan Sea. The regional unit also includes the southernmost island of Europe, Gavdos.
Alexander of Canterbury
Alexander of Canterbury (fl. 1120) was an English monk of Christ Church, Canterbury. He  is known as the author of a work, Dicta Anselmi archiepiscopi, which has been also ascribed to Eadmer. He was employed as a messenger from the Countess Matilda to St. Anselm, and was sent by St. Anselm to Pope Paschal II for his instruction on various points.

Pope Paschal II
Pope Paschal II (Latin: Paschalis II; 1050 x 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Raniero Raineri di Bleda, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was created the cardinal-priest of San Clemente by Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) in 1073. He was consecrated as pope in succession to Pope Urban II (1088–99) on 19 August 1099. His reign of almost twenty years was exceptionally long for a medieval pope.
Giulio Cesare Monteverdi
Giulio Cesare Monteverdi (1573–1630/31) was an Italian composer and organist. He was the younger brother of Claudio Monteverdi.

He entered the service of the Duke of Mantua in 1602, but was dismissed in 1612. He then worked in Crema and became maestro di cappella at the cathedral of Salò in 1620.

In 1611 he wrote an opera, Il rapimento di Proserpina (The rape of Proserpina), which was staged in Mantua. The music and text are lost, but it appears that it shared only the story line of Claudio's later opera Proserpina rapita (1630), which is also lost. He published a collection of motets in Venice in 1620 and a few other works, including two pieces which were included in Claudio's 1607 Scherzi musicali. He probably died of the plague in 1630 or 1631.

Motet
In Western classical music, a motet is mainly a vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from high medieval music to the present. The motet was one of the preeminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music. According to the English musicologist Margaret Bent, "a piece of music in several parts with words" is as precise a definition of the motet as will serve from the 13th to the late 16th century and beyond. The late 13th-century theorist Johannes de Grocheo believed that the motet was "not to be celebrated in the presence of common people, because they do not notice its subtlety, nor are they delighted in hearing it, but in the presence of the educated and of those who are seeking out subtleties in the arts".
1974 Nigerien coup d'état
The 1974 Nigerien coup d'état was a largely bloodless military insurrection which overthrew the first postcolonial government of Niger. The government that followed, while plagued by coup attempts of its own, survived until 1991.

Niger Armed Forces
The Niger Armed Forces (French: Forces armées nigériennes, FAN) includes military armed force service branches (Niger Army and Niger Air Force), paramilitary services branches (National Gendarmerie of Niger and National Guard of Niger) and the National Police of Niger. The Army, Air Force and the National Gendarmerie are under the Ministry of Defense whereas the National Guard and the National Police fall under the command of the Ministry of Interior. With the exception of the National Police, all military and paramilitary forces are trained in military fashion. The President of Niger is the supreme commander of the entire armed forces. The National Assembly of Niger passed a statute for the Army of Niger in November 2020, planning for the army's size to increase from 25,000 personnel in 2020, to 50,000 in 2025 and finally 100,000 in 2030.
Chichihualco
Chichihualco is a city in the south of Mexico. It forms the administrative centre of the municipality of Leonardo Bravo
It is located in the centre of the state of Guerrero, about 21 kilometres northwest of the state capital, Chilpancingo.

According to Mexico’s Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal (National Institute for Federalism and Municipal Development, INAFED), the city was home to 5,164 men and 5,526 women, a total of 10,690 inhabitants in 2010. It is found at an altitude of 1,141 metres above mean sea level, a latitude of 17°39′28″ north and a longitude of 99°40′35″ west.

In the local Nahuatl language, the name literally means ‘in the bosom’, translated as ‘place where they suckle’ or ‘place of the wet nurses’.

One source has it that Maria Fermina Rivera died in action in Chichihualco while fighting alongside Vicente Guerrero in February 1821, although another source disputes this.

Vicente Guerrero
Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (Spanish: [biˈsente raˈmoŋ ɡeˈreɾo]; baptized 10 August 1782 – 14 February 1831) was a Mexican military officer from 1810–1821 and a statesman who became the nation's second president in 1829. He was one of the leading generals who fought against Spain during the Mexican War of Independence. According to historian Theodore G. Vincent, Vicente Guerrero lived alongside indigenous people in Tlaltelulco and had the ability to speak Spanish and the languages of the Indigenous.

During his presidency, he abolished slavery in Mexico. Guerrero was deposed in a rebellion by his vice-president, Anastasio Bustamante.
Trudi Meyer
Gertrud "Trudi" Meyer (13 July 1914 – 23 October 1999) was a German gymnast who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 she won the gold medal as a member of the German gymnastics team.

Although Meyer was the highest individual all-around scorer at these Olympics, she is not recognized as an Olympic All-Around Champion like subsequent women gymnasts such as Larissa Latynina, Věra Čáslavská, Nadia Comăneci, Elena Shushunova, or Simone Biles because individual medals were not awarded to women at the Olympics until 1952. This is a lack-of-individual distinction that she shares with the highest women's individual overall scorer at the 1948 Olympic, Zdeňka Honsová, as well as with whomever was the highest scorer of the women's gymnastics competition at the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Olympic Games.

Gymnastics at the 1928 Summer Olympics
At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, eight events in gymnastics were contested.  For the first time at the Olympic Games, women competed in gymnastics.  The rope climbing and sidehorse vault events were dropped from the program.
The Gesualdo Six
The Gesualdo Six is a British vocal consort, directed by Owain Park. The group performs a broad-ranging repertoire, from the music of the medieval period through to contemporary compositions of the present day.

The Gesualdo Six was founded in Cambridge in 2014 for a performance of the Tenebrae Responsories for Maundy Thursday by Carlo Gesualdo, in the chapel of Trinity College.

The ensemble was St John's Smith Square Young Artists for the 2015–2016 season, and in partnership with St John's Smith Square and the Music Sales Group, curated a composition competition in 2016, which attracted over 170 entries from across the globe. A second composition competition in 2018 attracted over 300 entries.

Maundy Thursday
Maundy Thursday, also referred to as Holy Thursday, or Thursday of the Lord's Supper, among other names, is a Christian feast during Holy Week that marks the beginning of the Paschal Triduum, and commemorates the Washing of the Feet (Maundy) and Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Apostles, as described in the canonical gospels.

It is the fifth day of Holy Week, preceded by Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday) and followed by Good Friday. "Maundy" comes from the Latin word mandatum, or commandment, reflecting Jesus' words "I give you a new commandment."  
The date of the day will vary according to whether the Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar is used. Eastern churches generally use the Julian system.
The Jazz Scene
The Jazz Scene is a 1949 compilation album edited by Norman Granz, featuring recordings from Ralph Burns, Duke Ellington, George Handy, Coleman Hawkins, Neal Hefti, Machito, Charlie Parker, Flip Phillips, Bud Powell, Willie Smith, Billy Strayhorn, and Lester Young.

The album was recorded in Los Angeles and New York City from 1946 to 1949, and released the week before Christmas 1949 by Mercury Records as a limited edition, deluxe box set of six 78 rpm records.

In 1953 the album was reissued in two-record 10-inch LP format, and in a six-disk 45 rpm EP boxed set.
In 1955, it was reissued in 12-inch LP format. These reissues were released on Granz's Clef Records label.

In 1994, The Jazz Scene was remastered and expanded to include numerous previously unreleased pieces as a double CD, produced by Richard Seidel and released by Verve Records.

Billy Strayhorn
William Thomas Strayhorn (November 29, 1915 – May 31, 1967) was an American jazz composer, pianist, lyricist, and arranger who collaborated with bandleader and composer Duke Ellington for nearly three decades. His compositions include "Take the 'A' Train", "Chelsea Bridge", "A Flower Is a Lovesome Thing", and "Lush Life".
Ants of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
There are 803 species of ants currently known in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Unusually, there are no known introduced species in this region. The majority of species occur in the Congolese rainforest and Central Congolian lowland forests.

Ant colony
An ant colony is a population of ants, typically from a single species, capable of maintaining their complete lifecycle. Ant colonies are eusocial, communal, and efficiently organized and are very much like those found in other social Hymenoptera, though the various groups of these developed sociality independently through convergent evolution. The typical colony consists of one or more egg-laying queens, numerous sterile females (workers, soldiers) and, seasonally, many winged sexual males and females.  In order to establish new colonies, ants undertake flights that occur at species-characteristic times of the day. Swarms of the winged sexuals (known as alates) depart the nest in search of other nests. The males die shortly thereafter, along with most of the females. A small percentage of the females survive to initiate new nests.
Yazdani (surname)
Yazdani (Persian: یزدانی) derived from the ancient Persian word Yazdan, meaning deity. Thus Yazdani means belonging to the deity.

Notable people with the surname include:

Bobby Yazdani (born 1963), Iranian-American entrepreneur and investor

Dariush Yazdani (born 1977), Iranian footballer

Golam Yazdani (1917–2009), Bengali politician in India

Ghulam Yazdani (1885–1962), Bengali historian and archaeologist in India

Haji Kazim Yazdani, Afghani historical researcher

Hassan Yazdani (born 1994), Iranian wrestler

Kausar Yazdani (1935–2011), Indian Islamic scholar

Raushan Yazdani (1918-1967), Bengali poet and researcher

Rawshan Yazdani Bhuiyan (died 1981), Bangladeshi freedom fighter

Reza Yazdani (born 1984), Iranian wrestler

Reza Yazdani (singer) (born 1973), Iranian singer

Sattar Yazdani (born 1949), Iranian singer

Siavash Yazdani (born 1992), Iranian association footballer

Keavan Yazdani (born 1993), Iranian-Filipino Canadian visual artist.

Reza Yazdani (singer)
Reza Yazdani (Persian: رضا یزدانی, born on September 15, 1973, in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian singer, musician, composer and actor. He is an Iranian pop-rock musician and has released twelve official albums and numerous singles. His main instrument is guitar, especially electric guitar. He has performed live concerts since the release of his third album, Hiss, mainly in Milad Tower Concert Hall. His first album is called Shahre Del in which all the lyrics were from Rumi poems.
Kreisliga Schwaben-Süd
The Kreisliga Schwaben-Süd is currently the eighth tier of the German football league system in the southern region of the Bavarian Regierungsbezirk of Swabia (German: Schwaben). Until the disbanding of the Bezirksoberliga Schwaben in 2012 it was the ninth tier. From 2008, when the 3. Liga was introduced, was the eighth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the seventh tier.

Regierungsbezirk
A Regierungsbezirk (German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁk] ⓘ, pl. Regierungsbezirke, German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁkə], lit. 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of the sixteen Länder (states of Germany) are split into Regierungsbezirke, each in turn split into rural or urban districts.

Regierungsbezirke serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's sixteen states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen Regierungsbezirke features a non-legislative governing body called a Regierungspräsidium (governing presidium) or Bezirksregierung (district government) headed by a Regierungspräsident (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. Saxony has Direktionsbezirke (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the state parliament.
Augustus De Morgan
Augustus De Morgan (27 June 1806 – 18 March 1871) was a British mathematician and logician. He is best known for De Morgan's laws, relating logical conjunction, disjunction, and negation, and for coining the term "mathematical induction", the underlying principles of which he formalized. De Morgan's contributions to logic are heavily used in many branches of mathematics, including set theory and probability theory, as well as other related fields such as computer science.

Grassmann–Cayley algebra
In mathematics, a Grassmann–Cayley algebra is the exterior algebra with an additional product, which may be called the shuffle product or the regressive product. 
It is the most general structure in which projective properties are expressed in a coordinate-free way.
The technique is based on work by German mathematician Hermann Grassmann on exterior algebra, and subsequently by British mathematician Arthur Cayley's work on matrices and linear algebra.
It is a form of modeling algebra for use in projective geometry.

The technique uses subspaces as basic elements of computation, a formalism which allows the translation of synthetic geometric statements into invariant algebraic statements. This can create a useful framework for the modeling of conics and quadrics among other forms, and in tensor mathematics. It also has a number of applications in robotics, particularly for the kinematical analysis of manipulators.
Człuchów
Człuchów [ˈt͡ʂwuxuf] ⓘ (Kashubian: Człuchòwò, Człochòwo, or Człëchòwò; German: Schlochauⓘ) is a town in the region of Gdańsk Pomerania, northern Poland, with 13,350 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Człuchów County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Karmei Tzur
Karmei Tzur, or Carmei Tzur (Hebrew: כַּרְמֵי צוּר) is an Israeli settlement organized as a community settlement in the West Bank located north of Hebron in the Judean hills between the Palestinian towns of Beit Ummar and Halhul. The National Religious community falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council. Under the terms of the Oslo Accords of 1993 between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, Karmei Tzur was designated Area "C" under full Israeli civil and security control. In 2023 it had a population of 1,003.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

According to a Peace Now report from 2006, 27% of the land on which Karmei Tzur is built is privately owned, all or most of it by Palestinians. According to Israeli law, settlements on privately owned Palestinian land are illegal.

Judaean Mountains
The Judaean Mountains, or Judaean Hills (Hebrew: הרי יהודה, romanized: Harei Yehuda) or the Hebron Hills (Arabic: تلال الخليل, romanized: Tilāl Al-ḵalīl or Arabic: جبال الخليل, romanized: Jibāl Al-ḵalīl, lit. 'Hebron mountains',) are a mountain range in the West Bank and Israel  where Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron and several other biblical sites are located. The mountains reach a height of 1,026 metres (3,366 ft). The Judean Mountains can be divided into a number of sub-regions, including the Mount Hebron ridge, the Jerusalem ridge and the Judean slopes.

The Judaean Mountains formed the heartland of the Kingdom of Judah (930–586 BCE), where the earliest Jewish settlements emerged, and from which Jews are originally descended.
Jacques Guay
Jacques Guay (1711–1793) was a French gemstone engraver, a protégé of Madame de Pompadour (1721–1764), mistress of King Louis XV of France (1710–74). He was the most eminent gemstone engraver of his time, the official engraver of the king, and produced many cameo and intaglio engravings in semi-precious stones such as onyx, jasper and carnelian. Subjects included classical figures, events in the reign of the king and portraits of members of the court.

Carnelian
Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semiprecious stone. Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder and darker; the difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often used interchangeably. Both carnelian and sard are varieties of the silica mineral chalcedony colored by impurities of iron oxide. The color can vary greatly, ranging from pale orange to an intense almost-black coloration. Significant localities include Yanacodo, Peru and Ratnapura, Sri Lanka. It has been found in Indonesia, Brazil, India, Iran, Russia (Siberia), and Germany.
Art Center Nabi
The Art Center Nabi (Korean: 아트센터나비) is an art museum in Seorin-dong, Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It was relocated to the 4th floor of SK building of SK Group in 2000 and reborn as digital art museum.

Art Center Nabi has produced and exhibited various kinds of digital art at the intersection of arts and technology.

SK Group
SK Group (Korean: SK그룹; 에스케이그룹) is a South Korean multinational manufacturing and services conglomerate headquartered in Seoul. A chaebol (Korean family-owned conglomerate), SK Group is the second largest such conglomerate by revenue in South Korea, after Samsung Group. Through a number of subsidiaries, it is engaged in various businesses, including manufacture of AI semiconductors, flash memory, deep tech investment and miscellaneous information technology, chemicals and petrochemicals, as well as providing telecommunications services worldwide among its other less notable ventures.

The conglomerate is composed of 186 subsidiaries and affiliates that share the SK brand name and the group's management culture, named SKMS (SK Management System). It changed its name from Sunkyong Group (선경그룹; 鮮京그룹) to SK Group in 1998. The group is controlled by estate of Chey Tae-won through a holding company, SK Inc. The cornerstone of SK Group is its energy and chemicals division.
Friedrichroda Railway
The Friedrichroda railway, known as well as Waldsaumbahn, is a single-track non-electrified railway line in the German state of Thuringia. It is now only used for regional passenger transport, using Class 641 (Alstom Coradia A TER) diesel multiple units. The line was opened in 1848 and is the oldest branch line in Thuringia and one of the oldest lines in Germany.

Fröttstädt
Fröttstädt is a village and a former municipality in the district of Gotha in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 December 2011, it is part of the municipality Hörsel. Its railway station has a unique water supply method.
Ben Jobe
Ben W. Jobe (March 2, 1933 – March 10, 2017) was an American basketball coach.  He was best known as the head coach of the Southern University Jaguars – a position he held for 12 years. He has also been head coach of the men's college basketball teams at Tuskegee University, Talladega College, Alabama State University, South Carolina State University, University of Denver and Alabama A&M University.  Jobe has also served as assistant coach at the University of South Carolina, Georgia Tech, and briefly served as an assistant with the NBA's Denver Nuggets.

Alabama State University
Alabama State University (Alabama State, 'Bama State, or ASU) is a public historically Black university (HBCU) in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1867 during the Reconstruction era, it was one of about 180 "normal schools" established by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. It was one of 23 established to train African Americans to teach in segregated schools. ASU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alabama State's athletic teams, known as the Hornets, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).