hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1983 Christchurch City Council election
The 1983 Christchurch City Council election was a local election held from September to 8 October in Christchurch, New Zealand, as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Christchurch and 19 city councillors for the 1983–1986 term of the Christchurch City Council. The first-past-the-post voting system was used. In-person voting at a polling station was used for the last time in Christchurch; postal voting would be introduced for the 1986 Christchurch City Council election.

Perennial candidate
A perennial candidate is a term for a political candidate who frequently runs for elected office and rarely, if ever, wins. Perennial candidates are most common where there is no limit on the number of times that a person can run for office and little cost to register as a candidate.
Subject complement
In traditional grammar, a subject complement is a predicative expression that follows a copula (commonly known as a linking verb), which complements the subject of a clause by means of characterization that completes the meaning of the subject.

When a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun functions as a subject complement, it is called a predicative nominal. When an adjective or analogous phrase functions as subject complement, it is called a predicative adjective. In either case the predicative complement corresponds to the subject.

Within the small class of copulas that preface a subject complement, the verb be, or one of its concomitant forms, is the most common. Because a copula is an intransitive verb, subject complements are not customarily construed to be the object of the verb. They are often deemed to be neither arguments nor adjuncts of a predicate. A plural or singular subject, rather than a subject complement determines the grammatical number expressed by a copula.

Clause
In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate. A typical clause consists of a subject and a syntactic predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase composed of a verb with or without any objects and other modifiers. However, the subject is sometimes unexpressed if it is easily deducible from the context, especially in null-subject languages but also in other languages, including instances of the imperative mood in English.

A complete simple sentence contains a single clause with a finite verb. Complex sentences contain at least one clause subordinated to (dependent on) an independent clause (one that could stand alone as a simple sentence), which may be co-ordinated with other independents with or without dependents. Some dependent clauses are non-finite, i.e. they do not contain any element/verb marking a specific tense.
Model complete theory
In model theory, a first-order theory is called model complete if every embedding of its models is an elementary embedding. 
Equivalently, every first-order formula is equivalent to a universal formula.
This notion was introduced by Abraham Robinson.

Chen Chung Chang
Chen Chung Chang (Chinese: 张晨钟) was a mathematician who worked in model theory. Typically known by his initials "C.C." he obtained his PhD from Berkeley in 1955 on "Cardinal and Ordinal Factorization of Relation Types" under Alfred Tarski. He then became a professor at the mathematics department of the University of California, Los Angeles,
where he remained for the rest of his career.

Chang wrote the standard text Chang & Keisler (1990) on model theory. Chang's conjecture and Chang's model are named after him. He also proved the ordinal partition theorem (expressed in the arrow notation for Ramsey theory) ωω→(ωω,3)2, originally a problem of Erdős and Hajnal. He also introduced MV-algebras as models for Łukasiewicz logic.
Gruff Rhys
Gruffudd Maredudd Bowen Rhys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡrɨ̞fɨ̞ð maˈrɛdɨ̞ð ˈbowɛn ˈr̥ɨːs]; born 18 July 1970) is a Welsh musician, composer, producer, filmmaker and author. He performs solo and with several bands, including Super Furry Animals, which obtained mainstream success in the 1990s. He formed the electro-pop outfit Neon Neon with Boom Bip. Their album Stainless Style was nominated for the 2008 Nationwide Mercury Prize. He won the 2011 Welsh Music Prize for his album Hotel Shampoo, which was followed up by American Interior in 2014, accompanied by a film, a book and a mobile app. His most recent album, Dim Probs, was released in 2025. He is considered a figurehead of the era known as Cool Cymru.

Welsh Music Prize
The Welsh Music Prize (Welsh: Gwobr Gerddoriaeth Gymreig) is an annual music prize awarded for the best album from Wales, as voted for by members of the music industry based on artistic merit, regardless of genre, sales, or record label. It was founded by music promoter John Rostron and radio presenter Huw Stephens in 2011. It was originally scheduled to take place alongside Sŵn music festival in Cardiff but sometimes takes place later in the year.

Prior to the awards, Welsh TV Show The Pop Factory held its own award ceremony between 2003 and 2007. From 2004 onwards the Best Album category was won by a Welsh artist, therefore allowing this to be seen as a spiritual pre-successor of the awards, although this was by a public vote and not a judging panel. Prior to this, the short-lived Welsh Music Awards between 2001 and 2004 also had a Best Album category, with the 2005 Pop Factory Awards only nominating Welsh artists, possibly in response to the awards ceasing.
Sticta arbuscula
Sticta arbuscula is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. Found in the South American Andes, it was formally described by Bibiana Moncada and Robert Lücking in 2012. The type specimen was collected in Chingaza National Natural Park (Cundinamarca, Colombia) at an altitude of 3,430 m (11,250 ft). The lichen is found in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, at elevations between 3,000 and 3,700 m (9,800 and 12,100 ft), where it grows on bark of twigs and stems. It typically associates with bryophytes from the family Lejeuneaceae and the genera Plagiochila, Metzgeria, Jubula, and Omphalanthus. The specific epithet arbuscula refers to the characteristic arbuscular isidia–branched with a stalk at the base.

Lejeuneaceae
Lejeuneaceae is the largest family of liverworts. Most of its members are epiphytes found in the tropics, while others can be found in temperate regions.

The main characteristics of the family are that:

The leaves are incubous.

Amphigastrium is usually present, sometimes reduced.

Leaves are divided into lobe and lobule.

Archaegonium in a perianth.

Some large genera of the family are Lejeunea, Ceratolejeunea (around 84 species,) and Cheilolejeunea (around 275 species,).
James White McClung
James White McClung (June 6, 1798 – May 31, 1848) was an American lawyer and politician in Alabama. He served in the Alabama state legislature between 1822 and 1844, was Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1835–1838, and served in the Alabama Senate from 1845–1849. At the time of his death he was a candidate for the United States Senate, without opposition. McClung Avenue in Huntsville is named for him, the first street in that city to be named after a local citizen.

Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives
The Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Alabama House of Representatives, elected by House members at the Legislature’s organizational session held after each general election. The Speaker recognizes members to speak, refers bills to committees, and appoints members to House standing committees under chamber rules adopted for each four-year term.

Following Reconstruction, Democrats held the speakership continuously until 2010, when Republicans won control of the House and elected Mike Hubbard, the first Republican Speaker since Reconstruction. As of 2023, the Speaker is Nathaniel Ledbetter.
Martini (song)
"Martini" is a song by Australian duo The Presets, released in 10 August 2018 as the fourth single from their fourth studio album Hi Viz.

Julian Hamilton told Pedestrian TV "'Martini' was a dancer I used to know. She was everything I wasn’t – cool, clear, strong, and with a razor sharp edge I found impossible to resist. In the end, she left me completely undone; a crumbled wreck of a man. “But was it worth it?” I hear you ask…every second."

The song was voted number 57 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2018.

At the 2019 FBi SMAC Awards, the song was nominated for best song.

Pedestrian (company)
Pedestrian, formerly PEDESTRIAN.TV, is a youth digital news and entertainment website based in Sydney, Australia, founded in 2005. It is a subsidiary of Nine Entertainment

As of March 2022 Pedestrian Group owns Pedestrian (the website) as well the Australian brands Pedestrian JOBS and Openair Cinemas.
Jaworze, Silesian Voivodeship
Jaworze [jaˈvɔʐɛ] is a village and the seat of Gmina Jaworze in  the south-west part Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

The village has been known for its thermal qualities. As early as in 19th century waters rich in iodide-bromine salts. Every year many people suffering from respiratory illnesses visit. Presently there are three medical centers, which offer among other things specialist rehabilitation programs for individuals. There are also holiday-recreation facilities, bike and ski tracks in Jaworze. The tourist attractiveness of the commune is increased by numerous sport and cultural events presenting local folklore. The undeniable crown jewel of Jaworze is its heritage park, over 15 hectares (37 acres) in size and with large number of monument trees.

Bielsko County
Bielsko County (Polish: powiat bielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Bielsko-Biała, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Czechowice-Dziedzice, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Bielsko-Biała, Szczyrk, 14 km (9 mi) south of Bielsko-Biała, and Wilamowice, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Bielsko-Biała.

The county covers an area of 457.23 square kilometres (176.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 165,374, out of which the population of Czechowice-Dziedzice is 35,926, that of Szczyrk is 5,734, that of Wilamowice is 3,100, and the rural population is 120,614.
DWFB
DWFB (954 AM) Radyo Pilipinas is a radio station owned and operated by the government-controlled Presidential Broadcast Service. Its studios and offices are located at Mariano Marcos State University - College of Teacher Education Campus, Laoag, while its transmitter is located at Mariano Marcos State University - Main Campus, Batac. The station airs from 4:45 AM to 10 PM on weekdays and 6 AM to 10 PM on weekends.

Batac
Batac, officially the City of Batac (Ilocano: Siudad ti Batac; Filipino: Lungsod ng Batac), is a  component city in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 56,781 people.
1964 Titleholders Championship
The 1964 Titleholders Championship was the 25th Titleholders Championship, held April 23–26 at Augusta Country Club in Augusta, Georgia.

Reigning champion Marilynn Smith successfully defended her title, one stroke ahead of runner-up Mickey Wright. The two had met in an 18-hole playoff the previous year which was decided on the final green.  Wright had won the title in 1961 and 1962. It was the second and final major title for Smith.

Smith's total of 289 was two strokes better than the previous record of 291 set by Patty Berg in 1955. Her second round 66 (−6) on Friday helped her set several other records for the championship, including lowest round, lowest score after 36 holes at 139 (−5), and 54 holes at 216 (even). Her Friday inward nine score of 31 was also a record, by two strokes.

In the third round on Saturday, scores soared in the rain and cold wind. Smith's 77 (+5) kept the lead at an even-par 216 for 54 holes, three shots ahead of Wright.

Mickey Wright
Mary Kathryn "Mickey" Wright (February 14, 1935 – February 17, 2020) was an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She became a member of the tour in 1955 and won 82 LPGA Tour career events including 13 major championships. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Ribs stewed in medicinal herbs
Ribs stewed in medicinal herbs (Chinese: 藥燉排骨; Tongyong Pinyin: yào dùen páigǔ; Tâi-lô: io̍h-thâu-á pâi-kut) is a traditional Taiwanese pork dish commonly sold at night markets and street stalls, particularly during the winter months. It is considered a form of seasonal nourishment and has a long history of consumption in Taiwan. The dish is regarded as a local specialty and is listed as one of the 40 of the best Taiwanese foods and drinks by CNN in 2015.

Tongyong Pinyin
Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, while a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of Education approved the system in 2002, but its use was optional.

From 1 January 2009, the Ministry of Education began promoting Hanyu Pinyin. Local governments were not able to get financial aid from the central government if they used Tongyong Pinyin-derived romanizations. However, Tongyong Pinyin has continued in use for the transliteration of some place names and personal names in Taiwan (Republic of China). Some of the romanized names of the districts, subway stations and streets in Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yunlin County and other places are derived from Tongyong Pinyin –  for example, Cijin District (旗津區, Cíjin Cyu).
Mile Krajina
Mile Krajina (c. 15th of November 1923 – 15 October 2014) was a noted gusle player from Croatia, who sang traditional folk songs.

Many of his songs were about his birthplace Oklaj in the Cetina region. He mentions reading the works of famous Croatian poet Andrija Kačić Miošić in primary school as an early influence for his poems and songs. As late as August 2009, he continued to perform for folklore festivals around the country.

He was known for referring to current topics in his songs and for his performances within the scope of political rallies or commemorations.

He died at Osijek, in 2014.

Gusle
The gusle (Serbian Cyrillic: гусле) or lahuta (Albanian: lahutë; related to English lute) is a bowed single-stringed musical instrument (and musical style) traditionally used in the Dinarides region of Southeastern Europe (in the Balkans). The instrument is always accompanied by singing; musical folklore, specifically epic poetry. The gusle player (Serbian Cyrillic: гуслар, romanized: guslar; Albanian: lahutar) holds the instrument vertically between the knees, with the left hand fingers on the string. The string is never pressed to the neck, giving a harmonic and unique sound.

On November 29, 2018, the Serbian Gusle was inscribed as a part of Serbia's intangible cultural heritage on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

On December 9, 2025, the Albanian Lahuta was inscribed on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.
Neeta Lulla
Neeta Lulla is an Indian costume designer and fashion stylist who has worked on over 300 films. She has been designing wedding dresses since 1985. She is famed for designing costumes in Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari, Khuda Gawah, and Devdas.

Bollywood Movie Awards
The Bollywood Movie Awards was an annual film award ceremony held between 1999 and 2007 in Long Island, New York, United States, celebrating films and actors from the Bollywood film industry based in Mumbai, India.
Tan Shaoguang
Tan Shaoguang (simplified Chinese: 谭绍光; traditional Chinese: 譚紹光; pinyin: Tán Shàoguāng) (1835 – December 1, 1863) was a military leader of the Taiping Rebellion. During his military tenure he was known as the King of Mu (慕王) ("Seeker Prince"). As a young soldier he joined the Jintian Uprising. After several years he was promoted to general, and led the Taiping forces to many military victories. He was awarded the E An in 1861. He was murdered by traitors after an interrogation in 1863.

Jintian Uprising
The Jintian Uprising was an armed revolt formally declared by Hong Xiuquan, founder and leader of the God Worshippers, on 11 January 1851 during the late Qing dynasty of China. The uprising was named after the rebel base in Jintian, a town in Guangxi within present-day Guiping. It marked the beginning of the Taiping Rebellion.
Rotsandnollen
The Rotsandnollen is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located between Melchsee-Frutt and Engelberg in Central Switzerland. The summit is located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden.

Central Switzerland
Central Switzerland is a subdivision of Switzerland as defined by the Federal Statistical Office for statistical purposes. It is classified as a NUTS-2 statistical region of Switzerland, and encompasses the cantons of Uri, Schwyz, Obwalden, Nidwalden, Lucerne and Zug. It incorporates the highlands in the central portion of the country.
Rice Public Library
The Rice Public Library is the public library of Kittery, Maine.  It is located at 8 Wentworth Street (Maine State Route 103) in the central Kittery Foreside village, in an architecturally distinguished Romanesque Revival building built in 1889 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, with a large annex just across the street at 2 Walker Street.

Maine State Route 103
State Route 103 (SR 103) is a 16.3-mile (26.2 km) long state highway in extreme southern Maine.  The route is signed east–west, but forms a half-loop, with most of its western segment running strongly southeast slightly inland of the Piscataqua River and the state border with New Hampshire, its central skirting the Piscataqua generally easterly, and its eastern strongly northeast slightly inland from the Atlantic Ocean.  The route piggybacks on different roads with many turns throughout its length.
Bernard Deschamps
Bernard Deschamps (born 29 May 1944) is a French ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Winter Olympics.  He played on numerous teams.  Deschamps played on multiple teams including  the Long Island Ducks (ice hockey) of the American Hockey League.  He would additionally play for Sudbury Wolves, Indianapolis Chiefs,  Baltimore Clippers, St. Paul Rangers and the Providence Reds. Deschamps was considered to be a top minor league prospect. In 1975, he was selected on waivers to earn a spot on the roster for the New York Rangers. Deschamps was influential in the career of African American Hockey player  Val James. He served as the coach for St. John's University's Hockey team. In 2002, he was selected to coach the hockey team for Suny Stony Brook.

Deschamps also worked as a real estate salesman.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
SS Prinz August Wilhelm
SS Prinz August Wilhelm was a Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) cargo liner that was launched in Germany in 1902 and scuttled in Colombia in 1918. Her original route was between Hamburg and Mexico. From 1906 she served routes between New York and the Caribbean.

To avoid capture by the Entente Powers in First World War she sheltered in neutral Colombia from August 1914 until April 1918, when her crew scuttled her to prevent the United States Shipping Board (USSB) from seizing her. Her wreck remains in shallow water in Puerto Colombia. Artefacts recovered from it are in a museum in Barranquilla.

Hamburg America Line
The Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG), known in English as the Hamburg America Line, was a transatlantic shipping enterprise established in Hamburg, in 1847. Among those involved in its development were prominent German citizens such as Albert Ballin (director general), Adolph Godeffroy, Ferdinand Laeisz, Carl Woermann, August Bolten, and others, and its main financial backers were Berenberg Bank and H. J. Merck & Co. It soon developed into the largest German, and at times the world's largest, shipping company, serving the market created by German immigration to the United States and later, immigration from Eastern Europe. On 1 September 1970, after 123 years of independent existence, HAPAG merged with the Bremen-based North German Lloyd to form Hapag-Lloyd AG, today an international shipping and container transportation company.
Grey wrasse
The grey wrasse (Symphodus cinereus) is a species of wrasse native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea.  It inhabits coastal waters, preferring beds of eelgrass at depths from 1 to 20 m (3.3 to 65.6 ft).  It can reach 16 cm (6.3 in) in total length, though most do not exceed 8 cm (3.1 in).  It is important to local peoples as a food fish and is popular as a game fish.  It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

Wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into eight subfamilies.

They are typically small, most of them less than 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft). They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera Bodianus, Epibulus, Cirrhilabrus, Oxycheilinus, and Paracheilinus hide among the tentacles of the free-living mushroom corals and Heliofungia actiniformis.
Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict
In the Israeli-occupied West Bank, various local Palestinian militias have been engaged in an armed conflict with the Palestinian Authority (PA), the autonomous administration governing the region's Palestinian enclaves. The conflict emerged a result of the widespread unpopularity of the PA among Palestinians and the common perception that it is a collaborationist body subservient to Israel, the occupying power. In turn, the PA accuses militants of being "bandits" and agents of instability.

The widespread discontent with the Palestinian Authority, along with multiple factors related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, sparked a mass spread of West Bank Palestinian militancy in the 2020s. Initially rare, armed clashes between the PA's National Security Forces and local militias began significantly escalating during the ongoing Gaza war. In December 2024, the largest and most violent fighting in the conflict erupted with a large-scale PA operation in Jenin.

Jenin Brigades
The Jenin Brigades (Arabic: كتائب جنين, romanized: Katāʾib Ǧinīn), also referred to as the Jenin Battalion or Jenin Brigade, is a Palestinian militant group in the West Bank. It was founded in Jenin in 2021 by Jamil Al-Amouri, a militant of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ). The organization is based in the Jenin refugee camp in the North of the West Bank. Like most other West Bank militias, the Jenin Brigades are an umbrella formation affiliated with PIJ, Hamas, and the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades.

The Jenin Brigades have engaged in armed skirmishes with Israeli forces. They claim they "are the resistance". They call for armed resistance against Israel and for the Palestinian authorities to take part in the movement.