hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Hossack
John Hossack (December 6, 1806 — November 8, 1891) was a Scottish-American abolitionist whose home, John Hossack House, was a "station" on the Underground Railroad.  He gained notoriety in 1860 when he was tried and convicted for violating the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 by helping Jim Gray, an African American, avoid slave catchers.

Ottawa, Illinois
Ottawa is a city in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. It is located at the confluence of the navigable Fox River and Illinois River, the latter being a conduit for river barges and connects Lake Michigan at Chicago to the Mississippi River. The population was 18,840 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Ottawa, Illinois, micropolitan area.
Facial masculinization surgery
Facial masculinization surgery (FMS) is a set of plastic surgery procedures that can transform the patient's face to exhibit typical masculine morphology. Cisgender men may elect to undergo these procedures, and in the context of transgender people, FMS is a type of facial gender confirmation surgery (FGCS), which also includes facial feminization surgery (FFS) for transgender women.

FMS can include various bony procedures such as chin augmentation, cheek augmentation, as well as augmentation of the forehead, jaw, and Adam's apple. In FMS, most procedures involve "having structures added to give more angles to the face."

Adam's apple
The Adam's apple is the protrusion in the neck formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx, typically visible in men, less frequently in women. The prominence of the Adam's apple increases in most men as a secondary male sex characteristic during puberty.
Harvey Karman
Harvey Leroy Karman (April 26, 1924 – May 6, 2008) was an American psychologist and the inventor of the Karman cannula, a flexible suction cannula used for early-term abortions.

Karman was born Harvey Walters in Clatskanie, Oregon. His father abandoned him when Harvey was young. He subsequently took the surname of one of his several stepfathers, William Karman.

Cannula
A cannula (/ˈkænjʊlə/ ⓘ; Latin meaning 'little reed'; pl.: cannulae or cannulas) is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the gathering of samples. In simple terms, a cannula can surround the inner or outer surfaces of a trocar needle thus extending the effective needle length by at least half the length of the original needle. Its size mainly ranges from 14 to 26 gauge. Like hypodermic needles, different-sized cannulae are often color coded.

Decannulation is the permanent removal of a cannula (extubation), especially of a tracheostomy cannula, once a physician determines it is no longer needed.
U.S. Route 93
U.S. Route 93 (US 93) is a major north–south 1,359-mile (2,187 km) U.S. Numbered Highway in the western United States, that connects U.S. Route 60  (US 60) in Wickenburg, Arizona, with British Columbia Highway 93 at the Canadian border (north of Eureka, Montana). The highway passes through Kingman, Arizona; Las Vegas, Nevada; Twin Falls, Idaho; and Missoula, Montana.

Wells, Nevada
Wells is a small city in Elko County, in northeast Nevada in the western United States. As of the 2020 census, Wells had a population of 1,237. Wells is located at the junction of Interstate 80 and U.S. Route 93, approximately 50 miles (80 km) east of Elko and is part of the Elko micropolitan area.
2016 K3 League
The 2016 K3 League was the tenth season of amateur K3 League.

Before the start of the 2016 season, Seoul FC Martyrs withdrew from the league, but Buyeo FC, Siheung Citizen and Yangpyeong FC joined the league.

The top five teams of the regular season qualified for the championship playoffs, and winners of the regular season advanced to the final directly.

On the other hand, eight teams of participating teams had to be relegated to the K3 League Basic, founded as the second division of the K3 League in 2017. The bottom five teams of the regular season were directly relegated, and three losing teams were additionally relegated after the relegation playoffs, contested between four teams from 12th to 15th-placed team.

Seoul FC Martyrs
Seoul Martyrs Football Club (Korean: 서울 마르티스 축구단) was a semi-professional South Korean football club based in Gangbuk District, Seoul. The club was founded in 2002 and was dissolved in 2016. Thy last played in the initial iteration of the K3 League, the fourth tier of football in South Korea.
Laterza (surname)
Laterza is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jerry Laterza (born 1974), Paraguayan–American soccer player

Marco Laterza, Swiss fitness model and bodybuilder

Tom Laterza (born 1992), Luxembourgish soccer player

Tony Laterza, American basketball coach

Tony Laterza
J. Anthony Laterza was the Akron Zips men's basketball head coach from 1960 to 1968. In nine seasons, he guided the team to a 178–59 record. Laterza's winning percentage of .751 remains the best in the history of the program. Under Laterza, the Zips won three Ohio Athletic Conference tournament championships. His teams also made the Division II national tournament Final Four twice (1964 and 1966) and reached the championship game in 1964.

Laterza was succeeded at the University of Akron by Wyatt Webb. Starting in 1981, he was head basketball coach at Southwest High in Miami, Florida, for two seasons. In 1985, he took over as head coach at Ransom-Everglades High.

During his own high school career, Laterza was selected for the All-Ohio basketball team in 1946.
Nixon ministry
The Nixon Ministry was the combined cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Ontario) that governed Ontario from May 18, 1943, to August 17, 1943. It was led by the 13th Premier of Ontario, Harry Nixon. The ministry was made up of members of the Liberal Party of Ontario, which commanded a majority of the seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The ministry replaced the Conant ministry following the 1943 Ontario Liberal Party leadership convention. The Nixon ministry governed through the final few weeks of the 20th Parliament of Ontario.  It is the shortest-lived ministry in Ontario history.

Nixon resigned after his party lost the 1943 Ontario general election. Kennedy was succeeded as Premier of Ontario by George A. Drew.

1943 Ontario general election
The 1943 Ontario general election was held on August 4, 1943, to elect the 90 Members of the 21st Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or "MPPs") of the province of Ontario.
Chris Ferguson
Christopher Philip Ferguson (born April 11, 1963) is an American professional poker player.  He has won six World Series of Poker events, including the 2000 WSOP Main Event, and the 2008 NBC National Heads-Up Poker Championship. Ferguson is a computer scientist by training and education.

On September 20, 2011, the U.S. Justice Department filed a motion to amend a civil complaint, with the belief that Ferguson and three other directors for the popular poker client Full Tilt Poker were running a Ponzi scheme that paid out $444 million of customer money to themselves and the firm's owners.

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
2012 Orange Open Guadeloupe – Doubles
Riccardo Ghedin and Stéphane Robert were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Albano Olivetti defeated Paul Hanley and Jordan Kerr 7–5, 1–6, [10–7] in the final to win the title.

Riccardo Ghedin
Riccardo Ghedin (born 5 December 1985) is an Italian tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was 12 years old.

At the 2009 Wimbledon Championships, Ghedin advanced successfully through the qualifying rounds to reach his first and only grand slam main draw. He lost in three sets in the first round to Latvian Ernests Gulbis 2–6, 4–6, 4–6. In his career, he has reached 16 singles finals on the ITF Futures Tour which have resulted in winning five singles titles, and finishing runner-up 11 times. In doubles, he has won seven Challenger titles and 16 Futures titles.

Ghedin reached a career high singles ranking of world No. 222 on 10 August 2009. He reached a career high doubles ranking of world No. 109 on August 15, 2016.

He has played in four ATP Tour level matches, three in singles and one in doubles, but has yet to win one.
Colonia Esperanza, Cuauhtémoc
Colonia Esperanza is a small colonia or neighborhood located in the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City just southeast of the historic center.  Its borders are defined by the following streets: Lorenzo Boturini to the south, Fray Servando Teresa de Mier to the north, Calzada de la Viga Canal to the east and Francisco Javier Clavijero to the west.

Today it is an almostly completely residential neighborhood, but there is little known about its history. The Canal de la Viga passed through with a major bridge called Puente de Pipis located here, but over the years this canal dried up and the bridge disappeared. Around 1913, a company called Agricola y Colonizadora Mexicana began to subdivide and sell the land here for houses.

The area has one small park called Jardín Casimiro Chovell,  and one preschool called Jardin de Niños Happy Kids on Topacio Street.

Colonia (Mexico)
In Mexican urban geography, colonias (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlonjas]) are barrios.

The name of the colonia must be specified when writing a postal address in Mexican cities. Usually colonias are assigned a specific postal code; nonetheless, in recent urban developments, gated communities are also defined as colonias and share the postal code of adjacent neighborhoods.

Colonias do not have jurisdictional autonomy or representation.
2022 RAN Women's 12s
The 2022 RAN Women’s 12s was the first edition of the 12-a-side rugby union tournament. It took place over two days on 15 and 16 July 2022 in Kingston, Jamaica at the University of the West Indies and included six teams. The format for 2022 changed from a rugby tens competition to a 12-a-side. The tournament is used as a development tool for the women’s game, with the aim of a Women’s 15-a-side international competition for the region. USA South Panthers won the tournament after beating, runners-up, Jamaica in the final.

Rugby tens
Rugby tens, also known as ten-a-side and Xs, is a variant of rugby union in which teams are made up of ten players, typically five forwards and five backs.  Matches are much shorter, usually played as two ten-minute halves.

Unlike the other two major rugby union variants - sevens and beach rugby - which were invented in major rugby nations, rugby tens was developed in Malaysia, a nation that has never qualified for the Rugby World Cup.

The rules (law variations) are similar to rugby sevens and are published on the World Rugby website.
Opposition (Australian Capital Territory)
The Opposition in the Australian territory of the Australian Capital Territory comprises the largest party not in Government.  The Opposition's purpose is to hold the Government to account and constitute a "Government-in-waiting" should the existing Government fall. To that end, a Leader of the Opposition and Shadow Ministers for the various government departments question the Chief Minister and Ministers on Government policy and administration and formulate the policy the Opposition would pursue in Government. It is sometimes styled "His Majesty's Loyal Opposition" to demonstrate that although it opposes the Government, it remains loyal to the King.

The current Leader of the Opposition is Liberal Leader Mark Parton, and Deborah Morris is the deputy leader.

Deborah Morris (politician)
Deborah Helen Morris is an Australian politician who is the Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Australian Capital Territory and has served as one of two Liberal members for the Brindabella electorate in the ACT Legislative Assembly since the 2024 ACT election, where she won the seat of retiring MLA Nicole Lawder with 9.9% of the primary vote (or 0.6 of a quota). Prior to becoming deputy leader, Morris was the Shadow Minister for Police, Emergency Services, and Community Safety, the Shadow Minister for Corrections, and the Shadow Minister for Prevention of Family and Domestic Violence. According to her candidate statement, Morris was a journalist and government advisor prior to her election.
Tomasz Kiendyś
Tomasz Kiendyś (born 23 June 1977) is a Polish former racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2001 and 2016, for the Mikomax, Knauf Team and CCC–Sprandi–Polkowice squads. He rode at the 2014 UCI Road World Championships.

CCC Development Team
CCC Development Team (UCI team code: CDT) is a UCI Continental cycling team based in Poland. Formerly CCC-Mat, the team became known as CCC-Polsat in 2002. In 2004 and 2005, the team was known as Hoop CCC-Polsat (UCI team code: HOP), reverting to CCC-Polsat in 2006. From 2007 to 2011, the team was known as CCC-Polsat-Polkowice
(abbreviated to CCC-Polsat), and team kit colours are orange and black.
Tilpung
Tilpung  is a village development committee in Ramechhap District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3,511 people, living in 650 individual households.

Janakpur Zone
Janakpur Zone (Nepali: जनकपुर अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, reaching from the Indian border in the south to the Tibetan border in the north and Sagarmatha Zone in the east and Bagmati and Naryani Zones in the west.

The headquarters of Janakpur Zone and its main city was Janakpur. Close to the Indian border, it is a historic city of Hinduism. The city is believed to have been the capital city of King Janaka, the father-in-law of Lord Rama, the son of the then king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha. The city was then called 'Mithila Nagari'. The name of Janakpur zone is related to the historic King Janaka and his capital Janakpur.

Other cities within Janakpur Zone are Kamalamai (in Inner Terai), Manthali (in Hill), Bhimeshwor (in Himalaya) and Bardibas, Dhalkebar, Jaleshwor, Malangwa, Hariwan, Lalbandi, Gaushala Bazar and Matihani (Outer Terai).
Lincoln Road (horse)
Lincoln Road (foaled in 1955) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse  who won the 1958 Jersey Derby as a three-year-old. The son of With Pleasure is best remembered for his runner-up finishes in the 1958 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes.

Gulfstream Park
Gulfstream Park  is a Thoroughbred horse race track, casino and outdoor entertainment and shopping destination in Hallandale Beach, Florida, United States. It is among the most important venues for horse racing in the United States, and is open 365 days a year.

The venue is owned by The Stronach Group. Thoroughbred horse racing occurs year-round, defined by three distinct race meets and one invitational:

Championship Meet (December - March)

Pegasus World Cup

Royal Palm Meet (April - September)

Flamingo Festival Meet (October - November)
Lucy (2014 film)
Lucy is a 2014 English-language French science fiction action film written and directed by Luc Besson for his company EuropaCorp, and produced by his wife, Virginie Besson-Silla. It was shot in Taipei, Paris, and New York City. It stars Scarlett Johansson, Morgan Freeman, Choi Min-sik, and Amr Waked. Johansson portrays Lucy, a woman who gains psychokinetic abilities when a nootropic, psychedelic drug is absorbed into her bloodstream.

The film was released on 25 July 2014 and became a massive box office success, grossing over $469 million worldwide, more than eleven times the budget of $40 million. It received generally positive, but also polarized, critical reviews. Although praise was given for its themes, visuals, and Johansson's performance, many critics found the plot nonsensical, especially its focus on the ten-percent-of-the-brain myth and resulting abilities.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
Keyan Tomaselli
Keyan Gray Tomaselli is a South African communication professor and author, currently Professor Emeritus and Fellow at University of KwaZulu-Natal, where he established and operated its Centre for Communication, Media and Society for 29 years until becoming a Distinguished Professor of Humanities at University of Johannesburg. He is also editor of the UKZN-UJ journal Critical Arts: South-North Cultural and Media Studies and co-editor at UJ's journal Journal of African Cinemas. He is also a published author and has been largely collected by libraries.

Besides his more conventional media studies activities, Prof Tomaselli participated in several field trips among the Kalahari San people.

Critical Arts
Critical Arts is a peer-reviewed academic journal publishing articles which examine how disciplines represented by cultural and media studies think about themselves in terms of critical dialogues generated within the south–north relationship, with special reference to Africa. It was established in 1980 and is published by Routledge and UNISA Press.
Silovik
In the Russian political lexicon, a silovik (Russian: силовик, IPA: [sʲɪlɐˈvʲik], roughly meaning a 'strongman'; plural: siloviki, Russian: силовики, IPA: [sʲɪləvʲɪˈkʲi], 'strongmen') is a person with a security service background, i.e. government institutions responsible for the exercise of coercive state power.

Examples include the Russian Armed Forces, the Russian national police, Russian national drug control (GUKON), Russian immigration control (GUVM), the Ministry of Justice, the Federal Security Service (FSB), former KGB personnel, Main Intelligence Directorate of the Russian General Staff (GRU), the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), and the Federal Protective Service (FSO). This word is also used for a politician who came into politics from these organisations.

Siloviki is also used as a collective noun to designate all troops and officers of all law enforcement agencies of post-Soviet countries, not necessarily high-ranking ones.

Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force (coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).

Power may also take structural forms, as it orders actors in relation to one another (such as distinguishing between a master and an enslaved person, a householder and their relatives, an employer and their employees, a parent and a child, a political representative and their voters, etc.), and discursive forms, as categories and language may lend legitimacy to some behaviors and groups over others. The term authority is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate or socially approved by the social structure. Scholars have distinguished between soft power and hard power.
Edouard Mathos
Edouard Mathos (June 28, 1948 – April 28, 2017) was a Roman Catholic bishop.

Ordained to the priesthood in 1977, Mathos served as auxiliary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bossangoa, Central African Republic from 1987 to 1991. He then served as auxiliary bishop of Bangui from 1991 to 2004. Mathos then served as bishop of the Diocese of Bambari from 2004 until his death in 2017.

Bambari
Bambari is a town in the Central African Republic, lying on the Ouaka River.  It has a population of 41,356 (2003 census) and is the capital of Ouaka prefecture. Bambari is an important market town and home to Bambari Airport, and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bambari.
Arkansas's at-large congressional district
Arkansas's at-large congressional district was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in Arkansas from 1836 to 1885.

Upon achieving statehood, Arkansas elected its sole representative statewide at-large. For two Congresses in the mid- to late-19th century, Arkansas elected one of its representatives statewide on a general ticket, with the remaining elected from districts

General ticket
The general ticket or party block voting (PBV), is a type of block voting in which voters opt for a party or a team of candidates, and the highest-polling party/team becomes the winner and receives 100% of the seats for this multi-member district. The party block voting is usually applied with more than one multi-member district to prevent one team winning all seats. This system has a winner-take-all nature similar to first-past-the-post voting for single-member districts, which is vulnerable to gerrymandering and majority reversals.

A related system is the majority bonus system, where a block of seats is awarded according to the winner of party-list proportional representation.
Kalamunda Senior High School
Kalamunda Senior High School is a  public co-educational high day school, located in the Perth suburb of Kalamunda, Western Australia.

Kalamunda Senior High School offers enrolment for students from Year 7 to Year 12. Additionally the school offers various specialist programs which include:

Gifted and Talented Visual Arts Program

Academic Excellence Program

Outdoor Adventure Program

Performing Arts Program (General and Music streams)

Year 7
Year 7 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand. It is the seventh full year (or eighth in Australia and England) of compulsory education and is roughly equivalent to grade 6 in the United States and Canada (or to grade 7 for the Australian Year 7). Children in this year are between 11 and 12.
Garatéa-L
Garatéa-L is a space probe planned by the Brazilian company Airvantis with the support of institutions such as INPE, IMT, ITA, LNLS/CNPEM, PUC-RS, UFSC, USP and USRA. It will be the first Brazilian mission in deep space, as well as the first directed to the Moon. The CubeSat will be launched by an Indian rocket PSLV as part of the Pathfinder mission, which will pioneer deep space commercial exploration through a partnership between British private companies  with the UK Space Agency (UKSA) and the European Space Agency (ESA).

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS) is a private non-profit Catholic university. With campuses in the Brazilian cities of Porto Alegre and Viamão, it is the largest private university of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and the first university founded by the Catholic religious institute of the Marist Brothers. PUCRS is considered the best private university of Brazil's Southern Region by the Ministry of Education (MEC), and one of the best private universities in the country, with FGV, PUC-Rio and the PUC-SP.