hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nayef Rajoub
Sheikh Nayef Al-Rajoub (Arabic: نايف الرجوب, born 14 May 1958) is an MP of the State of Palestine. He was Minister of Religious Endowments and became a lawmaker during the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections won by Hamas in Gaza. As a member of the Hamas faction, he was arrested five times by Israel including on June 29, 2006 as part of Israel's Operation Summer Rains.
Years ago Major General Jibril, Nayef’s older brother parted politically years ago with his little brother to the point that in  1996 during a crackdown on Hamas members, then Colonel Jibril led the Preventive Security Force to arrest his own brother even if just for one day.
Furthermore, as a member of the rival Fatah party Major General Jibril also ran but lost against Nayef in the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections.

On 26 July 2020, IDF arrested Rajoub from his home in the city of Dura near Hebron.

Palestinian Preventive Security
The Palestinian Preventive Security (PPS; Arabic: الأمن الوقائي, romanized: Al-’amn al-wiqā’ī), also known as Preventive Security Force (PSF; Arabic: جهاز الأمن الوقائي) or Preventive Security Service (PSS), is one of the security organs of the State of Palestine. It was established in 1994 by president Yasser Arafat in accordance with the Oslo Accords.

The PPS is an internal intelligence organization, part of the Palestinian Security Services, and led by the Minister of the Interior. Its main tasks are protecting the internal security of Palestine and the Palestinian Authority, and preventing crimes which target governmental departments and public bodies and institutions. It was the keeper of the Oslo peace process.
Artemita
Artemita (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμίτα) or Artemita in Apolloniatis was a Greek city in Sittacene, a region in what is now eastern Iraq. Artemita was already settled during the Assyrian Empire and later flourished under the Parthian Empire.

Though its location is probably near to the confluence of the river Radānu to the Tigris, on a route along the Tigris northwest of Seleucia. According to Isidore of Charax, it was crossed by the river Sillas (Diyala) and is located about ca. 90 km from Seleucia, and was already known since Tiglathpileser III in Assyrian cuneiform sources (second half of 8th century BCE) as Kār Aššur and later as Chalasar (Tabula Peutingeriana, Manî). Later it was settled again under the Greeks (Macedonian), but might have been considered Parthian. In AD 31, It welcomed the Arsacid pretender Tiridates II.
Artemita was the birthplace of the historian Apollodorus of Artemita.

Tiridates II of Parthia
Tiridates II of Parthia was set up by the Parthians against Phraates IV in about 32 BC, but was expelled when Phraates returned with the help of the Scythians. Tiridates fled to Syria, where Augustus allowed him to stay, but refused to support him.

During the next years Tiridates invaded Parthia again; some coins dated from March and May, 26 BC, with the name of a king "Arsaces Philoromaios," belong to him; on the reverse, they show the king seated on the throne, with Tyche stretching out a palm branch towards him. He was soon expelled again and brought a son of Phraates into Spain to Augustus. Augustus gave the boy back to his father, but declined to surrender "the fugitive slave Tiridates."
Pewit Island (Portsmouth Harbour)
Pewit Island is a small island in England located in the northwestern section of Portsmouth Harbour.

Historically it appears to have been connected to the mainland via a manmade shingle causeway, parts of which still exist. The island has been colonised by oak and blackthorn scrub and is home to species including sea lavender and golden samphire plants. The island is currently a Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust nature reserve.

In 1857 plans drawn up to improve the defences of Portsmouth included building a fortification on the island. The plans were later modified in the face of improved artillery technology and the fortification was never built.

Samphire
Samphire is a name given to a number of succulent salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) that tend to be associated with water bodies.

Rock samphire (Crithmum maritimum) is a coastal species with white flowers that grows in Ireland, the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man. This is probably the species mentioned by Shakespeare in King Lear.

Golden samphire (Limbarda crithmoides) is a coastal species with yellow flowers that grows across Eurasia.

Several species in the genus Salicornia, known as "marsh samphire" in Britain.

Blutaparon vermiculare, Central America, southeastern North America

Tecticornia, Australia

Sarcocornia, cosmopolitan

Following the construction of the Channel Tunnel, the nature reserve created on new land near Folkestone made from excavated rock was named "Samphire Hoe", a name coined by Mrs Gillian Janaway.
Tubulin—tyrosine ligase
In enzymology, a tubulin—tyrosine ligase (EC 6.3.2.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + detyrosinated α-tubulin + L-tyrosine  α-tubulin + ADP + phosphate

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, detyrosinated alpha-tubulin, and L-tyrosine, whereas its 3 products are alpha-tubulin, ADP, and phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is alpha-tubulin:L-tyrosine ligase (ADP-forming).

Ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting in the formation of new C-O, C-S, or C-N bonds. For example, DNA ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.

In general, a ligase catalyzes the following dehydration reaction, thus joining molecules A and B:

A-OH + B-H → A–B + H2O
Merrill House (Arkansas)
The Merrill House is a historic house at 617 South Sixth Street in Rogers, Arkansas.  It is a single-story brick and masonry structure, with a hip roof that has a bell-cast shape and wide overhangs.  A central projecting section has a grouping of three windows and is flanked on both sides by porches, one screened and one open.  The arrangement of windows as well as the horizontal organization of stone and brickwork is all reminiscent of the Prairie School of Frank Lloyd Wright.  The house, built in 1917, was a nearly complete rebuild of an older (c. 1880) house.  Its designer and owner was A. W. Merrill, a local woodworker and lumber yard owner.  It is the only Prairie School-influenced house in Rogers.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Rogers, Arkansas
Rogers is a city in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 69,908 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 75,639 in 2024, making it the sixth-most populous city in the state. Located in the Ozarks, it is part of the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, which had 546,725 residents in 2020.

Rogers was the location of the first Walmart store, whose corporate headquarters is located in neighboring Bentonville. The city was also the location of the first 7 Brew coffeehouse. Daisy Outdoor Products, known for its air rifles, has both its headquarters and its Airgun Museum in Rogers. The city houses a popular shopping center, the Pinnacle Hills Promenade, and a music venue, the Walmart AMP, that has housed performances by big-name artists and local performers.
General William J. Fox Airfield
General William J. Fox Airfield (IATA: WJF, ICAO: KWJF, FAA LID: WJF) is a county-owned, public airport in Los Angeles County, California, five miles northwest of Lancaster, California, United States. Locally known as Fox Field, the airport serves the Antelope Valley. The airport is named after Brigadier General William J. Fox, "a Marine war hero, a movie stunt man, the first Los Angeles County engineer and, for 20 years after his retirement, a cowboy."

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility. The airport has limited scheduled cargo operations. The U.S. Forest Service has a fixed wing airtanker and helicopter base on the airfield which becomes one of the main hubs in the region for aerial firefighting suppression efforts during fire season.

Pacific Air Lines
Pacific Air Lines was a local service carrier on the West Coast of the United States that began scheduled passenger flights in the mid-1940s under the name Southwest Airways. The company linked small cities in California with larger cities such as Los Angeles and San Francisco. Flights later operated to Portland, Oregon, and eventually reached Las Vegas and Reno in Nevada.

Founded largely with money from investors from the Hollywood motion picture industry, the airline was noted for innovative safety practices and cost-saving procedures. The name Pacific Air Lines passed into history in 1968 in a merger with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines, forming Air West, which then became Hughes Airwest following the acquisition of Air West by Howard Hughes.
Jane Agnes Stewart
Jane Agnes Stewart (August 16, 1860 – February 2, 1944) was an American author, editor, and contributor to periodicals. She was a special writer for many journals on subjects related to woman's, religious, educational, sociological, and reform movements. Stewart was a suffragist and temperance activist. She traveled to London, Edinburgh, and Paris as a delegate of world's reform and religious conventions.

Temperance movement in the United States
The temperance movement in the United States, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol, had a large influence on American politics and American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol, through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance.
Waikare River (Northland)
The Waikare River is a river in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. Rising in the Russell Forest, it flows into the southern end of the Waikare Inlet, a drowned valley which forms a southeastern arm of the Bay of Islands.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Drug court
Drug courts are problem-solving courts that take a public health approach to criminal offending using a specialized model in which the judiciary, prosecution, defense bar, probation, law enforcement, mental health, social service, and treatment communities work together to help addicted offenders into long-term recovery. Instead of punishment, their purpose is to address one of the underlying drivers of crime and, in the process, reduce the use of imprisonment, potentially leading to substantial cost-savings. Drug courts aim to do this by incentivizing or mandating offenders into addiction treatment combined with frequent drug testing and regular monitoring by the judge.

Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
Katalin Nemes
Katalin Nemes (born Katalin Frieder; 5 October 1915 - 29 March 1991) was a pianist and teacher. She was the wife of the writer and journalist György Nemes and the mother of the literary translator Anna Nemes.

From the age of 10 she attended the conservatory of Debrecen as a student of Margit Halácsy. From 1932 to 1937 she attended Franz Liszt Academy of Music and was taught by Imre Stefániai, Béla Bartók and Imre Keéri-Szántó. During this period she had to play on piano in a band. After getting degree, she married György Nemes.

She taught at Nemzeti Zenede from 1947 to 1949, and then between 1949 and 1951 at Musical Secondary Grammar School at Budapest. At this time she returned to the academy as a demonstrator. Later she became a professor; her primary subject was related to piano.

At the same time she was a leader of concerts.

Franz Liszt Academy of Music
The Franz Liszt Academy of Music (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc Zeneművészeti Egyetem, often abbreviated as Zeneakadémia, "Music Academy") is a music university and a concert hall in Budapest, Hungary, founded on 14 November 1875. It is home to the Liszt Collection, which features several valuable books and manuscripts donated by Franz Liszt upon his death, and the AVISO studio, a collaboration between the governments of Hungary and Japan to provide sound recording equipment and training for students. The Franz Liszt Academy of Music was founded by Franz Liszt himself (though named after its founder only in 1925, about 50 years after it was relocated to its current location at the heart of Budapest).
Keykavus (Shirvanshah)
Keykavus (Persian: کیکاوس) was the 30th ruler of Shirvan. He was the second son of Akhsitan III.

He was mentioned as "Malik" in an inscription on Pir Husayn Khanqah dated June 1294. He hasn't left any numismatic evidence. According to disputed Letters of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, his daughter was married to Rashidaddin's eldest son Amir Ali and describes him as "the ruler of Shabaran and Shamakhi" and even invited him to his estate in Fathabad. Otherwise, he is not known to historiography.

Rashid al-Din Hamadani
Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb (Persian: رشیدالدین طبیب;‎ 1247–1318; also known as Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī, Persian: رشیدالدین فضل‌الله همدانی) was a statesman, historian, and physician in Ilkhanate Iran.

Having converted to Islam from Judaism by the age of 30 in 1277, Rashid al-Din became the powerful vizier of Ilkhan Ghazan. He was commissioned by Ghazan to write the Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh, now considered the most important single source for the history of the Ilkhanate period and the Mongol Empire. He retained his position as a vizier until 1316.

After being charged with poisoning the Ilkhanid king Öljaitü, he was executed in 1318.

Historian Morris Rossabi calls Rashid al-Din "arguably the most distinguished figure in Persia during Mongolian rule".  He was a prolific author and established the Rab'-e Rashidi academic foundation in Tabriz.
Gordon baronets of Earlston, Kirkcudbright (1706)
The Gordon baronetcy of Earlston, Kirkcudbrightshire, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia for William Gordon of Afton, son of William Gordon of Earlston, a Covenanter. He was an army officer, a soldier of fortune under Frederick I of Prussia who took part in Monmouth's Rebellion and the Williamite Wars. He was succeeded by his elder brother Alexander Gordon of Earlston.

Earlstoun Castle
Earlstoun Castle, sometimes spelled Earlston Castle, is a derelict tower house near St John's Town of Dalry in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Built in the late sixteenth century, it was home to members of the Gordon family, including William Gordon of Earlston who was killed at the battle of Bothwell Bridge. It is unusual for a tower house of its age for its lack of defensive arrangements: it has no gun loops, its roof is without a parapet or corner turrets, and it lies in open ground without natural defences.

The castle was designated a scheduled monument in 1937; it was also designated a Category A listed building in 1971, but was delisted in 2017, while retaining its scheduled monument status.
Migrant domestic workers
Migrant domestic workers are (according to the International Labour Organization’s Convention No. 189 and the International Organization for Migration) any persons "moving to another country or region to better their material or social conditions and improve the prospect for themselves or their family," engaged in a work relationship performing "in or for a household or households."

Domestic work itself encompasses an array of tasks and services that vary depending on country, age, gender, ethnic background and migration status of the workers involved.

Prominent discussions on the topic include the status of workers, reasons behind the pursue in this labour, recruitment and employment practices in the field, and various measures being undertaken to change the conditions of domestic work among migrants.

Advocacy
Advocacy is the set of activities by individuals or groups intended to influence decisions within political, economic, and social institutions. It encompasses tactics ranging from grassroots organizing and media campaigns to lobbying, strategic litigation, and coalition-building, and aims to change laws, budgets, institutional practices, and public opinion. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes, including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on a specific issue or specific piece of legislation. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.
Listed buildings in Pimhill
Pimhill is a civil parish in Shropshire, England.  It contains 67 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, twelve are at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish is to the northwest of Shrewsbury, it contains the villages of Albrighton, Atcham, Fitz, Leaton, Merrington and Preston Gubbals and smaller settlements, and is otherwise rural.  In the parish are a former manor house and seven country houses that are listed, together with structures associated with them.  Otherwise, most of the listed buildings are smaller houses, cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, the older of which are timber framed, or have timber-framed cores.  The other listed buildings include churches and items in the churchyards, a private chapel, a group of almshouses, an eyecatcher, a war memorial, and five mileposts,

Almshouse
An almshouse (also known as a bede-house, poorhouse, or hospital) is charitable housing provided to people in a particular community, especially during the Middle Ages. They were often built for the poor of a locality, for those who had held certain jobs, or their widows, and for elderly people who could no longer pay rent. They are generally maintained by a charity or the trustees of a bequest. "Alms" are, in the Christian tradition, money or services donated to support the poor and indigent. Almshouses were originally formed as extensions of the church system and were later adapted by local officials and authorities.
Craig Titley
Craig Titley is an American screenwriter. His work includes Cheaper by the Dozen, Scooby-Doo, and Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief. He graduated from Mattoon High School, Eastern Illinois University, and University of Southern California with a master's degree. He got his Doctorate at Pacifica Graduate Institute.

Cheaper by the Dozen (2003 film)
Cheaper by the Dozen is a 2003 American comedy film directed by Shawn Levy. It is a remake of the 1950 film of the same name. Both films were inspired by the semi-autobiographical book Cheaper by the Dozen by Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr. and his sister Ernestine Gilbreth Carey. It stars Steve Martin, Bonnie Hunt, Hilary Duff, Tom Welling, and Piper Perabo, alongside Kevin G. Schmidt, Alyson Stoner, Jacob Smith, Forrest Landis, Liliana Mumy, Morgan York, Blake Woodruff, Brent and Shane Kinsman, Paula Marshall, and Alan Ruck in supporting roles. Outside of a passing mention of the Gilbreth name, the film has little connection with the original source material.

The film was released on December 25, 2003, by 20th Century Fox and grossed $190 million worldwide against a $40 million budget. The Rotten Tomatoes critical consensus criticized the film for its lack of humor.

A sequel, Cheaper by the Dozen 2, was released in 2005. A remake was released in 2022 on Disney+.
Jieț (Jiu)
The Jieț is a left tributary of the river Jiul de Est in Romania. It discharges into the Jiul de Est in Petrila. Its source is in the Parâng Mountains. Its length is 27 km (17 mi) and its basin size is 80 km2 (31 sq mi).

Parâng Mountains
The Parâng Mountains (Romanian pronunciation: [paˈrɨŋɡ]; Hungarian: Páring-hegység) are one of the highest mountain ridges in Romania and Southern Carpathians, with the highest peak, Parângu Mare, reaching 2,519 m.
Shira Banki's Way
Shira Banki's Way (Hebrew: דרך שירה בנקי) is a non-profit organization whose goal is to promote moderation and discourse in Israeli society. The organization was established by the parents of Shira Banki, who was murdered at the Jerusalem gay pride parade in 2015.

Shira Banki's parents lit a torch on Israel's Independence Day in 2022 for their work.

Independence Day (Israel)
Yom Ha'atzmaut (Hebrew: יוֹם הָעַצְמָאוּת, Arabic: عيد الاستقلال, romanized: ʿīd al-istiqlāli, lit. 'Day of Independence') is Israel's national day, commemorating the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948. It is marked by a variety of official and unofficial ceremonies and observances.

Because Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, which corresponded with the 5th of Iyar on the Hebrew calendar in that year, Yom Ha'atzmaut was originally celebrated on that date. However, to avoid Sabbath desecration, it may be commemorated one or two days before or after the 5th of Iyar if it falls too close to the Sabbath. The day preceding Israel's independence day is Yom HaZikaron, which is dedicated to the memory of fallen Israeli soldiers and Israeli civilian victims of terrorism.

In the Hebrew calendar, days begin in the evening; Yom Ha'atzmaut is observed from nightfall until the following evening of the designated day.
Fennia (journal)
Fennia is a biannual peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Geographical Society of Finland. It covers all aspects of geography. The journal was established in 1889. The editor-in-chief is Kirsi Pauliina Kallio (University of Tampere). The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus (Citescore 2024, 3.1) and the Web of Science Index (Impact Factor 2024, 1.6) . It is a member of the Free Journal Network.

University of Tampere
The University of Tampere (UTA) (Finnish: Tampereen yliopisto (Tay), Latin: Universitas Tamperensis) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019.

The university offered undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes with 20,178 degree students and 1,981 employees as of 2016. Founded in 1925 in Helsinki as the Civic College (Finnish: Kansalaiskorkeakoulu) and from 1930 onwards known as the School of Social Sciences (Finnish: Yhteiskunnallinen korkeakoulu), the institution relocated to Tampere in 1960 and was renamed as the University of Tampere in 1966. In 2016, its budget was €184.6 million of which 59% was government funding.
2010 Cerveza Club Premium Open
The 2010 Cerveza Club Premium Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Quito, Ecuador between 4 and 11 October 2010.

Giovanni Lapentti
Giovanni Lapentti Gómez (Spanish pronunciation: [ɟʝoˈβani laˈpenti]; born 25 January 1983) is a retired Ecuadorian tennis player. His brother is Nicolás Lapentti, another professional tennis player, while a third brother, Leonardo, has also been active at the lower levels of professional tennis.