hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radical of an algebraic group
The radical of an algebraic group is the identity component of its maximal normal solvable subgroup.
For example, the radical of the general linear group  (for a field K) is the subgroup consisting of scalar matrices, i.e. matrices  with  and  for .

An algebraic group is called semisimple if its radical is trivial, i.e., consists of the identity element only. The group  is semi-simple, for example.

The subgroup of unipotent elements in the radical is called the unipotent radical, it serves to define reductive groups.

Normal subgroup
In abstract algebra, a normal subgroup (also known as an invariant subgroup or self-conjugate subgroup) is a subgroup that is invariant under conjugation by members of the group of which it is a part. In other words, a subgroup  of the group  is normal in  if and only if  for all  and  The usual notation for this relation is

Normal subgroups are important because they (and only they) can be used to construct quotient groups of the given group.  Furthermore, the normal subgroups of  are precisely the kernels of group homomorphisms with domain  which means that they can be used to internally classify those homomorphisms.

Évariste Galois was the first to realize the importance of the existence of normal subgroups.
Medveščak (stream)
Medveščak (pronounced [medʋeʃtʃǎːk], also called Crikvenik) is a creek in central Zagreb, Croatia. It flows from Kraljičin zdenac in Podsljeme down along the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain to the Manduševac Fountain, its mouth. The creek was covered in 1898 and today forms part of the Zagreb sewer system. Medveščak has long served as an important geographical feature of historic Zagreb, delineating the border between the often warring twin cities of Gradec (Gornji Grad) and Kaptol between the 11th and the 19th century and causing many violent floods which often decimated houses on its banks. Most of the stream is located in the Gornji Grad - Medveščak city district, running underground under Tkalčićeva and Medvedgradska Streets.

The creek today plays a minor role in the Zagreb sewer system, having ceased powering the Manduševac Fountain in 1882. However, it gave its name to the Medveščak neighborhood.

Podsljeme
Podsljeme (pronounced [pǒtsʎeme]) is a city district situated in the foothills of Zagreb's mountain, Medvednica. Its name stands for "under Sljeme" (Sljeme is the peak of the Medvednica mountain). It has the status of četvrt (quarter, district, borough) and as such has an elected council. It is located about 5km north of central Zagreb.

In 2021, Podsljeme had 18,974 residents, making it the second least populous city district in Zagreb. It is primarily a residential area known for its suburban character  and primarily inhabited by middle and upper-middle-class residents.

The lower station of the Zagreb cable car leading to Sljeme is located in this district.

Podsljeme is an affluent area of Zagreb, known for its high property values. The area features upscale homes set among dense deciduous forests, making it a popular choice for the city's business leaders, politicians, and celebrities.
Hanviller
Hanviller (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃vilɛʁ]; German: Hanweiler; Lorraine Franconian: Honnwiller) is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.

The village belongs to the Pays de Bitche and to the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park.

Lorraine Franconian
Lorraine Franconian (native name: Plàtt or lottrìnger Plàtt; French: francique lorrain or platt lorrain; German: Lothringisch) is an ambiguous designation for dialects of West Central German (German: Westmitteldeutsch), a group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle department of the former northeastern French region of Lorraine (See Linguistic boundary of Moselle).
Camargo, Kentucky
Camargo is a home rule-class city in Montgomery County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 1,020 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Mount Sterling Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town was named by soldiers returning from the Mexican–American War, either in honor of Camargo in Mexico or a Mexican entertainer of that name. The post office was established in 1848 and closed in 1963.

Camargo Municipality, Tamaulipas
Camargo is a municipality in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is located on the US border, across from Rio Grande City, Texas. It has an official population of 14,933 inhabitants (2010 census). The municipal seat is Ciudad Camargo, with a population of 7,984. The municipality is connected to Rio Grande City, Texas, via the Rio Grande City-Camargo International Bridge.
Dactylosoma
Dactylosoma is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.

Species in this genus have two hosts in their life cycle: the vertebrate host is a fish or amphibian (possibly also reptiles) and the invertebrate host is a glossiphoniid leech (Glossiphoniidae).

Glossiphoniidae
Glossiphoniidae are a family of freshwater proboscis-bearing leeches. These leeches are generally flattened, and have a poorly defined anterior sucker. Most suck the blood of freshwater vertebrates like amphibians, crocodilians and aquatic turtles, but some feed on invertebrates like oligochaetes and freshwater snails instead. Although they prefer other hosts, blood-feeding species will opportunistically feed from humans.

There is considerable interest in the symbiotic bacteria that at least some glossiphoniids house in specialized organs called bacteriomes. The bacteria are thought to provide the leeches with nutrients that are scarce or absent from their regular diets. Haementeria as well as Placobdelloides have Enterobacteriaceae symbionts, while Placobdella harbours peculiar and independently derived alphaproteobacteria.
Fabbrini
Fabbrini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Fabbrini (born 1974), Italian footballer

Diego Fabbrini (born 1990), Italian footballer

Sergio Fabbrini (born 1949), Italian political scientist

Giuseppe Antonio Fabbrini (c.1740 - c. 1795), Florentine painter

Giuseppe Antonio Fabrini
Giuseppe Antonio Fabrini or Fabbrini (c.1740 - c. 1795) was a painter from Florence, Italy, working in fresco and oil on canvas. He studied under Anton Raphael Mengs and is known to have worked in Italy, whilst his works were also collected by the British nobleman George Clavering-Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper for his country house at Panshanger in Hertfordshire.
Vito Taccone
Vito Taccone (6 May 1940 – 15 October 2007) was an Italian road cyclist.

Taccone made his professional debut in 1961. In the same year he won the Giro di Lombardia. During the 1964 Tour de France, he was accused of causing other cyclists to fall , leading to a fight with Spanish racer Fernando Manzaneque and his non-appearance in following tours.

His other victories include one Giro del Piemonte (1962), one Giro della Toscana (1963), one Milano–Torino (1965) and five stages overall at the 1963 Giro d'Italia.

In June 2007, he was arrested and charged with selling counterfeit and stolen clothing.

1963 Giro d'Italia
The 1963 Giro d'Italia was the 46th running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Naples, on 19 May, with a 182 km (113.1 mi) stage and concluded back in Milan, on 9 June, with a 136 km (84.5 mi) leg. A total of 120 riders from 12 teams entered the 21-stage race, which was won by Italian Franco Balmamion of the Carpano team. The second and third places were taken by Italian riders Vittorio Adorni and Giorgio Zancanaro, respectively.
Tim Stoddard
Timothy Paul Stoddard (born January 24, 1953) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. A right-handed pitcher, he played for six different teams in Major League Baseball between 1975 and 1989, and was a member of the 1983 Baltimore Orioles championship team. He is currently the pitching coach for the baseball team at North Central College. Stoddard is one of only two men to have played in both a World Series and a Final Four of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, along with fellow East Chicago Washington High School alumnus Kenny Lofton.

Final four
In  sports, the final four is the last four teams remaining in a playoff tournament. Usually the final four compete in the two games of a single-elimination tournament's semi-final (penultimate) round. Of these teams, the two who win in the semi-final round play another single-elimination game whose winner is the tournament champion. In some tournaments, the two teams that lose in the semi-final round compete for third place in a consolation game.
Atherton War Memorial
Atherton War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Kennedy Highway, Atherton, Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1924. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Tablelands Region
The Tablelands Region is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia inland from the city of Cairns. Established in 2008, it was preceded by four previous local government areas which dated back more than a century. On 1 January 2014, one of those local government areas, the Shire of Mareeba, was re-established independent of the Tablelands Region.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$62.2 million.

In the 2021 census, the Tablelands Region had a population of 26,244 people.
Bebo Norman
Jeffery Stephen "Bebo" Norman (born May 29, 1973) is a retired contemporary Christian musician from Columbus, Georgia, US. His most successful album to date is Myself When I Am Real, which included hit songs "Great Light of the World" and "Falling Down". Other popular songs by Norman include "Disappear", "Nothing Without You", "I Will Lift My Eyes", and "Borrow Mine". He initially gained popularity when touring with another Christian band, Caedmon's Call. Norman's fans call themselves Simpletons. Norman is married to Roshare Finecey.

Caedmon's Call
Caedmon's Call was a contemporary Christian band that fused traditional folk with world music and alternative rock. They were composed of Cliff Young (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), Derek Webb (lead vocals, guitar), Danielle Young (vocals), Garett Buell (percussion), Jeff Miller (bass guitar), Todd Bragg (drums), and Josh Moore (keyboard, accordion, harmonica).

After membership turnover and a hiatus, the original line-up reformed in 2022 and, with the help of a Kickstarter campaign, re-recorded their major label debut eponymous album and performed a reunion concert at the Ryman Auditorium.
Mniszki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Mniszki [ˈmniʂki] (German: Nonnenberg) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Budry, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Węgorzewo County
Węgorzewo County (Polish: powiat węgorzewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It was created in 2002 out of the northern part of Giżycko County. Its administrative seat and only town is Węgorzewo, which lies 95 kilometres (59 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The county covers an area of 693.43 square kilometres (267.7 sq mi). As of 2024 its total population is 20,703, out of which the population of Węgorzewo is 10,488 and the rural population is 10,140.
Saint Nonnus
Nonnus (Ancient Greek: Νόννος, Nónnos) was legendary 4th- or 5th-century Christian saint, said to have been an Egyptian monk who became a bishop in Syria and was responsible for the conversion of St Pelagia the harlot during one of the Synods of Antioch. His feast day is observed on November 10.

Legendary (hagiography)
A legendary (Latin: legendarius) is a collection of saints' lives. The word derives from the Latin word legenda, meaning 'things to be read'. The first legendaries were manuscripts written in the Middle Ages, including collections such as the South English legendaries or the Golden Legend.

Bollandist Hippolyte Delehaye describes a legend (as compared to a fable, myth, or tale) thus: "The legend, on the other hand, has, of necessity, some historical or topographical connection. It refers imaginary events to some real personage, or it localises romantic stories in some definite spot. Thus one may speak of the legend of Alexander or of Caesar." Hagiography (accounts of the lives of saints) is not intended to be history, but aims at edification, and sometimes incorporates subjective elements along with facts.
Everything For the Country Party
The Everything for the Country Party (Romanian: Partidul Totul Pentru Țară, TPT) was a far-right political party founded in Romania in 1993. It was founded by former members of the fascist Iron Guard from the interwar period, which also referred to itself as Everything for the Country (Romanian: Totul Pentru Țară) from 1935 onwards. It existed until it was banned in 2015. The party claimed to adhere to a "national-Christian" doctrine and styled itself as the successor to the party of the same name.

As it claimed the legacy of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and other fascist figureheads from the interwar era, the TPT has been described as "Neo-Legionary". The Noua Dreaptă, another far-right and Neo-Legionary organisation, has its roots in a faction that split ways with the TPT leadership around 2000.

In May 2015, the party was banned, both because of its neofascist character and because it failed repeatedly to obtain the legally required minimum of 50.000 votes.

Political faction
A political faction is a group of people with a common political purpose, especially a subgroup of a political party that has interests or opinions different from the rest of the political party. Intragroup conflict between factions can lead to schism of the political party into two political parties. The ley de lemas electoral system allows the voters to indicate on the ballot their preference for political factions within a political party. Political factions can represent voting blocs. Political factions require a weaker party discipline. Research indicates that factions can play an important role in moving their host party along the ideological spectrum.
Geoffrey Robson
Vice-Admiral Sir William Geoffrey Arthur Robson, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar, DSC (10 March 1902 – 25 December 1989) was a Royal Navy officer whose last Service appointment was Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
No Face, No Name, No Number
No Face, No Name, No Number is a song from Modern Talking's ninth album, Year of the Dragon. Written by Dieter Bohlen in 2000, it was released as a remix single, containing four remixes of the song, but the album version charted in some airplay charts. Dieter Bohlen has sampling of the Melody, of the song Today, Tonight, Tomorrow on the Deutschland sucht den Superstar album United.

In 2010, ex-Miss Universe Oxana Fedorova recorded the song "At Step One", which is considered to be a plagiarism of "No Face, No Name, No Number". Macedonian pop singer Sasho Spasovski, among others, has also plagiarised the song, with the title being 'Dzvezda Denica'. Bulgarian folk singer Kamelia has also used interpolation from the song into the latin mix of her song 'Kade si ti'.

Dieter Bohlen
Dieter Bohlen (German: [ˈdiːtɐ ˈboːlən]; born Dieter Günter Bohlen on 7 February 1954) is a German songwriter, producer, singer and television personality. He first achieved fame as a member of the pop duo Modern Talking in the 1980s, and has since produced numerous German and international artists. He is also a judge on casting shows Deutschland sucht den Superstar and Das Supertalent.
2004 Hawaii Democratic presidential caucuses
The 2004 Hawaii Democratic presidential caucuses were held on February 24 in the U.S. state of Hawaii as one of the Democratic Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 2004 presidential election.

2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From January 14 to June 8, 2004, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 2004 United States presidential election.

Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 2004 Democratic National Convention held from July 26 to July 29, 2004, in Boston, Massachusetts. Kerry went on to lose the general election on November 2, 2004, to incumbent Republican President George W. Bush.
Éric Woerth
Éric Woerth (French pronunciation: [eʁik wœʁt]; born 29 January 1956) is a French politician of Renaissance who served in several positions in the government of Prime Minister François Fillon, including as Secretary of State for State Reform (2004–2005), as Minister for budget and public accounts (2007–2010) and briefly as Minister for Labor. In October 2025, he briefly served as Minister for territorial development, decentralization and housing in Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu's government.

Finance Committee (French National Assembly)
The Finance, General Economy and Budgetary Monitoring Committee (French: Commission des Finances, de l'Économie générale et du Contrôle budgétaire), known as the Finance Committee, is one of the eight standing committees of the French National Assembly. It is traditionally chaired by a member of the largest opposition party.
Porolepis
Porolepis is an extinct genus of porolepiform sarcopterygian fish, from the Early Devonian Dniester Series of Ukraine, which is rich in Porolepis remains, and also the Nellen Koepfchen Beds of Germany. It lived alongside the dubious lophotrochozoan Macrodontophion. It was first described in 1858 but Porolepis was not named as a sufficient species until 1891.

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Telluropyrylium
Telluropyrylium is an aromatic heterocyclic compound consisting of a six member ring with five carbon atoms, and a positively charged tellurium atom. Derivatives of telluropyrylium are important in research of infrared dyes.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Jakarta Kota–Anyer Kidul railway
The railway between Jakarta and Anyer Kidul is a railway connecting several places in the province of Banten to Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. It was constructed between 1899 and 1900 in the Dutch colonial age, during which it was also known as the Banten railway (Dutch: Bantamlijn).

Tangerang railway station
Tangerang Station (Indonesian: Stasiun Tangerang) is a railway station located in the city of Tangerang, Banten. It is the western terminus of the Duri–Tangerang railway. This station only serves commuter trains operated by Kereta Commuter Indonesia. Passengers are mainly commuters going from the suburbs in Tangerang to Jakarta.
Paul Field (rugby league)
Paul Field is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played for the New South Wales Blues, primarily as a hooker.

Field was selected to represent New South Wales directly from the New South Wales Country Rugby League, one of only three players to be selected straight from a country club to play for the Blues. Field played for Cootamundra and was selected for games II and III of the 1983 State of Origin series.

Field is still involved with rugby league and is currently president of the Group 9 Cootamundra Bulldogs.

1983 State of Origin series
The 1983 State of Origin series was the second time the annual three-game series between the New South Wales and Queensland rugby league teams was played entirely under "state of origin" selection rules.

After the Australian team had swept all before them in 1982, including sweeping New Zealand in the mid-season tests, before embarking on the highly successful 1982 Kangaroo tour where they became the first touring side to go through undefeated, winning all three Ashes tests against Great Britain and the two tests against France, the 1983 State of Origin series was billed as something of an unofficial World Championship. The winning state would have bragging rights over who had the best representative team in the world outside of the test team.
Win/Win (film)
Win/Win is a 2010 Dutch drama film written and directed by Jaap van Heusden in his directorial debut and it stars Oscar Van Rompay, Leon Voorberg, Halina Reijn, Hans Kesting, Phi Nguyen and Pepijn Schoneveld. Set in Amsterdam Zuidas during the 2008 financial crisis, it follows the Flemish Ivan, a rising star at an American investment bank, who starts losing control of his life despite winning at his job.

The film was first shown at IFFR and was later shown in Dutch theaters in May 2010. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was nominated for a Golden Calf for Best Sound at the 2010's Netherlands Film Festival.

Netherlands Film Festival
The Netherlands Film Festival (Dutch: Nederlands Film Festival) is an annual film festival, held in September and October of each year in the city of Utrecht.

During the ten-day festival, Dutch film productions and co-productions are exhibited. Besides feature films, the program also consists of short subjects, documentary films, and television productions. On the closing evening of the festival, the Golden Calves are awarded to the best films, directors, and actors.

Together with the Netherlands Film Fund, the festival also recognises box office results of Dutch film productions during the year with the Crystal Film (10,000 visitors of documentary films), Golden Film (100,000 visitors), Platinum Film (400,000 visitors), and Diamond Film (1,000,000 visitors).