hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Noack
Friedrich Noack, who wrote under the pseudonym F. Idus, (20 April 1858, Gießen – 1 February 1930, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German cultural historian and author, who wrote several articles for the Künstlerlexikon (arts dictionary) Thieme-Becker.

In 1886, he translated Sebastian Brant's "Narrenschiff" and published it with his own illustrations.

For his work on the Germans in Rome in the 18th century, he devised a comprehensive archive of notes.  On 18,000 slips of paper, it contains over 11,000 entries on artists active in Rome and their clients, usually in Gabelsberger shorthand, but also in newspaper cuttings and archive statements.  Today the material is stored in the archive of the Bibliotheca Hertziana in Rome and is accessible online.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
Oliwia Bałuk
Oliwia Bałuk (born (2000-05-17)17 May 2000) is a Polish volleyball player. She is part of the Poland women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2017 Girls' U18 Volleyball European Championship, 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship,  and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.
On club level she played for KPS Chemik Police.

2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship
The 2017 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship was the nineteenth edition of the international volleyball tournament and the world championship for women's national teams under the age of 20, organized by the sport's world governing body, FIVB. The tournament was hosted by Mexico in the cities of Boca del Río and Córdoba from 14 to 23 July 2017.

China defeated Russia in the final to capture their third title in the competition. Japan won the bronze medal after defeating Turkey in the third place match. Yang Hanyu from China was elected the Most Valuable Player.
2014 La Course by Le Tour de France
The 2014 La Course by Le Tour de France was the inaugural edition of La Course by Le Tour de France, a women's cycling race held in France. The race was run before the 21st stage of the 2014 Tour de France on 27 July. The race was introduced following criticism by the professional women's peloton and campaigners such as Kathryn Bertine regarding the lack of a women's Tour de France.

The race was won by Marianne Vos of Rabo Liv in a sprint finish, with Kirsten Wild of Team Giant–Shimano finishing second and Leah Kirchmann of Optum p/b Kelly Benefit Strategies in third.

Team Picnic–PostNL (women's team)
Team Picnic PostNL is a professional cycling team based in the Netherlands, which competes in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's World Tour. The team is managed by Iwan Spekenbrink. The title sponsors of the team are online supermarket Picnic and the Dutch mail, parcel and e-commerce company PostNL.
PythagoraSwitch
PythagoraSwitch (ピタゴラスイッチ, Pitagora Suitchi) is a 15-minute Japanese children's puppet animated preschool educational television program that has been aired by NHK since April 9, 2002. It encourages augmenting children's "way of thinking" under the supervision of Masahiko Satō (佐藤雅彦) and Masumi Uchino (内野真澄). A five-minute format called PythagoraSwitch Mini is also available.

During the beginning and ending of each episode, and between each corner (segment), there are Pythagorean Devices (ピタゴラ装置, Pitagora Sōchi). "Pythagorean device" is the equivalent Japanese colloquialism for the American "Rube Goldberg machine" and British "Heath Robinson" contraption.  The main focus of the program is a puppet show, but the subject is mainly advanced by small corners.  World phenomena, principles, characteristics, and the like are introduced in an entertaining way.  At the end of each segment, the show's title is sung as a kind of punchline.

W. Heath Robinson
William Heath Robinson (31 May 1872 – 13 September 1944) was an English cartoonist, illustrator and artist who drew whimsically elaborate machines to achieve simple objectives.

The earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary for the use of "Heath Robinson" as a noun describing  any unnecessarily complex and implausible contrivance is from 1917.  The phrase "Heath Robinson contraption" perhaps most commonly describes temporary fixes using ingenuity and whatever is to hand, often string and tape, or unlikely cannibalisations. Its continuing popularity was likely linked to Britain's shortages during the Second World War and the need to "make do and mend".
Deputy lieutenant of Aberdeenshire
A deputy lieutenant of Aberdeenshire is commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire.

The Lieutenancy Area of Aberdeenshire was previously known as the County of Aberdeen – not to be confused with the former County of the City of Aberdeen.

Deputy lieutenants support the work of the lord-lieutenant. There can be several deputy lieutenants at any time, depending on the population of the county. Their appointment does not terminate with the changing of the lord-lieutenant, but they usually retire at age 75.

Aberdeenshire (historic)
Aberdeenshire or the County of Aberdeen (Scots: Coontie o Aiberdeen, Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) is a historic county in Scotland. The county gives its name to the modern Aberdeenshire council area, which covers a larger area than the historic county. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975, but its boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a registration county. The area of the historic county excluding the Aberdeen City council area is also a lieutenancy area.

The area is generally hilly. The south-west of the county includes part of the Grampian Mountains. The historic county borders Kincardineshire, Angus and Perthshire to the south, Inverness-shire and Banffshire to the west, and the North Sea to the north and east.
PS Malaka
Persatuan Sepakbola Malaka (simply known as PS Malaka; previously named Persemal Malaka) is an  Indonesian football club based in Malaka, East Nusa Tenggara. They currently play in Liga 4 and their homeground is Betun Field.

Malaka Regency
Malaka Regency is a regency in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The regency was established on 14 December 2012, comprising twelve districts which had formerly been the southern part of Belu Regency.

The area now comprising the new Regency (covering 1,160.63 km2) had 164,134 inhabitants at the 2010 Census, which had risen to 183,900 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 193,510 (comprising 95,589 males and 97,921 females). The capital of the regency is the town of Betun.
Executive Policy Bureau
The Executive Policy Bureau of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) (정무국), officially the Executive Policy Bureau of the 7th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (조선로동당 7차 중앙위원회 중앙정무국), was established at the 7th WPK Congress on 9 May 2016 and abolished at the 8th WPK Congress on 10 January 2021.

7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea
The 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) was held in the April 25 House of Culture in Pyongyang, North Korea, from 6 to 9 May 2016. The congress is the highest organ of the party, and is stipulated to be held every four years. 3,467 delegates represented the party's membership. The congress saw the appointment of Kim Jong Un as WPK leader, with the title changed from First Secretary to Chairman. It was the first party congress convened since 1980.
Iceblink
Iceblink is a white light seen near the horizon, especially on the underside of low clouds, resulting from reflection of light off an ice field immediately beyond. The iceblink was used by both Inuit and explorers looking for the Northwest Passage to help them navigate safely as it indicates ice beyond the horizon. Its inverse phenomenon is water sky. The iceblink can be observed in both polar regions, being observed by Inuit in the Arctic and by many expeditions to Antarctica, including both the James Ross and Terra Nova expeditions.

Appearances of iceblink have been misinterpreted by navigators as mountains. John Ross made this error when searching for the Northwest Passage in 1818. Whilst in the Lancaster Sound, he misidentified iceblink as a new "mountain range" that he named the Croker Mountains, with the ensuing disagreements with his officers and the wider controversy costing him much of his reputation.

Lancaster Sound
Lancaster Sound (Inuktitut: ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓ, romanized: Tallurutiup Imanga) is a body of water in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located between Devon Island and Baffin Island, forming the eastern entrance to the Parry Channel and the Northwest Passage. East of the sound lies Baffin Bay; to the west lies Viscount Melville Sound. Further west, a traveller would enter the M'Clure Strait before heading into the Arctic Ocean.

The Inuit and their predecessors in the region, the Paleo-Eskimos, have relied for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years, on the sound's abundant natural wealth for food, clothing and shelter. Today, residents of the three Nunavut communities of Pond Inlet, Arctic Bay, and Resolute continue this tradition, depending on their waters for their economic and cultural well-being.
Spahia (surname)
Spahia is an Albanian surname. It is derived from the Turkish term sipahi (from Persian: سپاهی (sepāhī) with the meaning "soldier") for a cavalryman. People with the surname include:

Ali Spahia (1935–2000), Albanian surgeon and politician

Eqerem Spahia (born 1960), Albanian politician

Halim Spahia (1897–1946), Albanian merchant and industrialist

Sadik Spahia (born 1959), Albanian sculptor

Sipahi
The sipahi (Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی, , Turkish pronunciation: [sipaːhi])[a] were professional cavalrymen of the Ottoman Empire. Sipahi units included the land grant–holding (timar) provincial timarli sipahi, which constituted most of the army, and the salaried regular kapikulu sipahi, or palace troops. However, the irregular light cavalry  akıncı ("raiders") were not considered to be sipahi. The sipahi formed their own distinctive social classes and were rivals to the Janissaries, the elite infantry corps of the sultans.

The sipahi held a state-owned land tenure known as timar in exchange for tax collection, security, and active military service.
Bello Hassan Shinkafi
Bello Hassan Shinkafi Listenⓘis a Nigerian politician from Zamfara State. He served as the Secretary to the State Government (SSG) from 2019 to 2023 and as a commissioner in the state. He also represented Shinkafi/Zurmi Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives in 2019 under the platform of the All Progressives Congress (APC).

Zurmi
Zurmi is a Local Government Area in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Zurmi at 12°46′00″N 6°47′10″E﻿ / ﻿12.76667°N 6.78611°E﻿ / 12.76667; 6.78611.

It has an area of 2,834 km2 and a population of 293,837 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 882. it shares border with Niger republic from the North and Katsina state from East
its end stop at the most populated village  Gurbin Bore under Kwashabawa ward after Crossed the inter-state Bridge constructed in the early 1990, 4 years after the establishment of the Whole state in 1996.
Panturichthys
Panturichthys is a genus of eels of the family Heterenchelyidae that occur in tropical waters along the west coast of Africa from the Gulf of Guinea to Morocco with one species known from the eastern Mediterranean near Israel. It contains the following described species:

Panturichthys fowleri (Ben-Tuvia, 1953)

Panturichthys isognathus Poll, 1953

Panturichthys longus (Ehrenbaum, 1915)

Panturichthys mauritanicus Pellegrin, 1913 (Mauritanian shortface eel)

Max Poll
Max Fernand Leon Poll (21 July 1908 in Ruisbroek – 13 March 1991 in Uccle) was a Belgian ichthyologist who specialised in the Cichlidae. In the years 1946 and 1947 he organised an expedition to Lake Tanganyika.

He has described several species of Pseudocrenilabrinae, such as Lamprologus signatus, Steatocranus casuarius, Neolamprologus brichardi, and Neolamprologus pulcher.

He was a member of The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium, professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles, and conservator at the Royal Museum of the Belgian Congo in Tervuren.
He was an honorary member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.
Slovenia national cricket team
The Slovenian national cricket team represents Slovenia in international cricket. The national organising body in Slovenia, the Slovenian Cricket Association, became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2005 and an associate member in 2017.

In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Slovenia and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 have T20I status.

International cricket
International cricket matches are played between the teams representing their nations, administrated by the International Cricket Council. The main forms are Test matches, ODI matches and T20I matches. An upcoming form, scheduled to commence in January 2026, is Test Twenty.

Most games are played as part of "tours" when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. World Cups featuring several countries at once, are organized by the ICC. The ICC is also responsible for cricket games played at multi-sport events such as Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games, African Games, Asian Games, South Asian Games and Pacific Games.

In addition to ICC's administration, there are also five regional bodies, Asian Cricket Council, Africa Cricket Association, ICC Europe, ICC Americas and ICC East Asia-Pacific which aim to promote the sport of cricket in their respective continents.
The Light of Western Stars (1925 film)
The Light of Western Stars is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by William K. Howard and starring Jack Holt, Billie Dove, and Noah Beery. The film was based on a 1914 Zane Grey novel and had been filmed before in 1918.

William K. Howard
William K. Howard (June 16, 1899 – February 21, 1954) was an American film director, writer, and producer. Considered one of Hollywood's leading directors at one point, he directed over 50 films from 1921 to 1946, including The Thundering Herd (1925), The Power and the Glory (1933), Fire Over England (1937), and Johnny Come Lately (1943).
Sonqori dialect
Sonqori, also known as Sonqori Turkic, is a Turkic dialect spoken in Sonqor (Sunqur), east of Kermānšāh, in a large valley separated from the rest of Kurdistan.

According to the Turkologist Michael Knüppel, Sonqori is one of the Southern Oghuz dialects of Iran alongside Qashqai and Äynallu. He notes that K. H. Menges had already characterized Sonqori, together with Qashqai and Äynallu, as a transitional form between Azerbaijani and Khorasani Turkic.

Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer identifies Sonqori as a possible dialect of Azerbaijani, or as a distinctive variety of Southern Oghuz/Afshar. Ethnologue and Glottolog list it as a South Azerbaijani dialect.

Knowledge of the dialect was scant prior to the expeditions of the University of Göttingen.

About 40,000 speakers of Sonqori exist in the Sonqor area.

Turkology
Turkology (or Turcology or Turkic studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and the Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative context. That includes ethnic groups from the Sakha, in eastern Siberia, to the Turks in the Balkans and the Gagauz, in Moldova.
Sporting Love (film)
Sporting Love is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by J. Elder Wills and starring Stanley Lupino, Laddie Cliff and Lu Ann Meredith. It was made at Beaconsfield Studios. It was based on the musical Sporting Love which Stanley Lupino had written and starred in. Lupino had broken with British International Pictures to make a couple of independent films, but after this he returned to BIP.

Associated British Picture Corporation
Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC), originally British International Pictures (BIP), was a British film production, distribution and exhibition company active from 1927 until 1970 when it was absorbed into EMI. ABPC also owned approximately 500 cinemas in Britain by 1943, and in the 1950s and 60s owned a station on the ITV television network. The studio was partly owned by Warner Bros. from about 1940 until 1969; the American company also owned a stake in ABPC's distribution arm, Warner-Pathé, from 1958. It formed one half of a vertically integrated film industry duopoly in Britain with the Rank Organisation.
AEK-919K Kashtan
The AEK-919K Kashtan (Russian: Каштан; lit Chestnut) is a Russian submachine gun developed in the mid 1990s by employees of the Kovrov Mechanical Plant Design Bureau (lead designer Pavel Sedov, scientific supervisor Mikhail Tarasov, with the support of Stanislav Koksharov, head of the Design Bureau).

The Austrian Steyr MPi-69 submachine gun was used as a model; moreover, the first samples of the submachine gun practically did not differ from the Austrian prototype in appearance. However, after the release of the experimental batch of AEK-919, shortcomings were discovered, after which changes were made to the basic design. The updated sample received the AEK-919K index. Kashtan was offered as a weapon for certain categories of military personnel (crews of aircraft and combat vehicles), as well as special forces of law enforcement agencies.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Pivašiūnai
Pivašiūnai is a village in Alytus district municipality, in Alytus County, in southeastern Lithuania. According to the 2021 census, the village has a population of 256 people.

Pivašiūnai village is located c. 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Alytus, 76 kilometres (47 mi) from Vilnius and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Bundžiai (the nearest settlement).

Alytus District Municipality
The Alytus District Municipality (Lithuanian: Alytaus rajono savivaldybė) is a municipality in Alytus County, Lithuania, located in the Dzūkija ethnographic region.

This municipality was founded in 1950, and until 1953 was a part of the Kaunas Province. In 1959, another reorganization of parts of the former Simnas and Daugai municipalities occurred, which included the towns of Simnas and Daugai. In 1962 it was expanded further, attaching part of the former Jieznas municipality. In 1968 parts of the municipality were attached to the Prienai District Municipality and Trakai District Municipality, and in 1969 another part of Varėna District Municipality.

The current coat of arms of the Alytus district municipality was announced by Lithuanian presidential decree on August 7, 2001.
To the White Fiends
To The White Fiends is a Petrarchan sonnet by Claude McKay. The Poetry Foundation describes it as one of McKay's most famous works from the late 1910s. In 2018 the scholar Timo Muller described it as "a pivotal text in the history of the black protest sonnet" and notes that it was McKay's first to reach a "wider audience". Léon Damas quoted part of the poem in his 1937 book of poetry Pigments. McKay, an immigrant to the United States, had written the poem the first year he spent in the nation in 1912. He sent an early draft of the poem to William Stanley Braithwaite, a Bostonian poetry editor in January 1916. The Crisis rejected the poem and it was not published until 1918 by Pearson's Magazine. In 1919 the poem was republished by The Liberator magazine.

The Crisis
The Crisis is the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was founded in 1910 by W. E. B. Du Bois (editor), Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, William Stanley Braithwaite, and Mary Dunlop Maclean. The Crisis has been in continuous print since 1910, and it is the oldest Black-oriented magazine in the world. Today, The Crisis is "a quarterly journal of civil rights, history, politics and culture and seeks to educate and challenge its readers about issues that continue to plague African Americans and other communities of color."
Umaru Mutallab
Alhaji Umaru Abdul MutallabListenⓘ  (born 15 December 1939) is a Nigerian businessman and financier, who served under the military government of General Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo.

Mutallab was described by The New York Times as "among Nigeria's richest and most prominent men", by The Telegraph as being "one of Nigeria's most prominent bankers", and by The Guardian as being "one of the country's most respected businessmen".

His son, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab (the Christmas bomber) attempted to detonate plastic explosives aboard Northwest Airlines Flight 253 on 25 December 2009 and is currently serving four life term sentences plus 50 years without parole at ADX Florence, a supermax federal prison in the United States.

Plastic explosive
Plastic explosive is a soft and hand-moldable solid form of explosive material. Within the field of explosives engineering, plastic explosives are also known as putty explosives.

Plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive demolition. Common plastic explosives include Semtex and C-4. The first manufactured plastic explosive was gelignite in 1875, invented by Alfred Nobel.
Blue Ox Trail
The Blue Ox Trail, also known as the Voyageurs Trail, runs along a former section of Northern Pacific Railway right-of-way between Bemidji, Minnesota and International Falls, Minnesota.  The trail parallels U.S. Route 71.

International Falls, Minnesota
International Falls (sometimes referred to as I-Falls) is a city in and the county seat of Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,802 at the time of the 2020 census.

International Falls is located on the Rainy River directly across from Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada. The two cities are connected by the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge. Voyageurs National Park is located 11 miles east of International Falls. There is a major U.S. Customs and Border Protection Port of Entry on the International Falls side of the toll bridge and a Canadian Customs entry point on the north side of the bridge.

International Falls is nicknamed the "Icebox of the Nation", with an average of 109.4 days per year with a high temperature below 32 °F (0 °C).