hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerald E. Miller
Gerald Edward Miller (July 1, 1919 – November 6, 2014) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy. He was a commander of the United States Sixth Fleet (from October 1971 – June 1973). He graduated in 1942 from the United States Naval Academy. Miller died of cancer in 2014 at his home in Oakton, Virginia.

Oakton, Virginia
Oakton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 36,732 at the 2020 census. Located in Northern Virginia, its center is 16 miles (26 km) west of Washington, D.C.
International Lottery in Liechtenstein Foundation
International Lottery in Liechtenstein Foundation (ILLF) was a government authorised and state controlled charitable foundation that operated Internet lotteries. The foundation pioneered Internet gaming, having launched the web's first online lottery, PLUS Lotto, in 1995 and processed the first online gaming transaction ever. It supported charitable causes in Liechtenstein, many of which support projects in poorer nations internationally. ILLF filed for bankruptcy in September 2011.

Financial transaction
A financial transaction is an agreement, or communication, between a buyer and seller to exchange goods, services, or assets for payment. Any transaction involves a change in the status of the finances of two or more businesses or individuals. A financial transaction always involves one or more financial asset, most commonly money or another valuable item such as gold or silver.

There are many types of financial transactions. The most common type, purchases, occur when a good, service, or other commodity is sold to a consumer in exchange for money. Most purchases are made with cash payments, including physical currency, debit cards, or cheques. The other main form of payment is credit, which gives immediate access to funds in exchange for repayment at a later date.
NSPR
NSPR may stand for:

Netscape Portable Runtime, a cross-platform abstraction layer library for the C programming language

North State Public Radio, a public radio broadcaster in the Northern California, United States

North State Public Radio
North State Public Radio (NSPR, KCHO 91.7 Chico/KFPR 88.9 Redding) is an NPR-affiliated public radio broadcaster which has main stations in the Northern California cities of Redding and Chico. It airs news and public affairs, classical music, talk radio and jazz programs. With the help of a number of relay transmitters, NSPR's signal covers a large portion of the North State region, including the cities of Red Bluff, Oroville, Paradise, Anderson, and Shasta Lake City.

In 2020, Capital Public Radio, which operates KXJZ and KXPR, took over day-to-day operations of the station under a public service operating agreement.
Acura Niuqila
Acura Sabaria Niuqila (born 31 January 1961) is a Fijian-born former rugby union international who represented both Fiji and Australia during the 1980s.

Born in Wainibokasi, Niuqila was educated at Suva's Lami High School and played rugby for Nakelo. He gained 15 caps for Fiji between 1983 and 1986, mostly playing in the fly half position.

Niuqila, after joining Sydney club Randwick in 1986, earned a Wallabies call up for the 1988 tour of Europe. Used as a winger, he debuted against Scotland at Murrayfield, then in his second Test appearances scored a hat-trick of tries in a resounding win over Italy. He was capped by the Wallabies the final time in the 1st Test of the 1989 British Lions tour.

1989 British Lions tour to Australia
In 1989, the British Lions toured Australia for the first time since 1971. Unlike previous tours to Australia, the Lions did not play any matches in New Zealand, this being the first Australia-only tour since 1899. The side was captained by Finlay Calder.

The Lions suffered a 30–12 defeat in the first test in Sydney on 1 July, then their heaviest defeat by Australia. In this first test, Australia scored four tries, and flyhalf Michael Lynagh kicked 5 from 6. For the second and third tests, changes included Mike Teague, recovered from injury, at blindside flanker; Rob Andrew replacing Craig Chalmers at fly-half; and Jeremy Guscott and Scott Hastings coming into the centre positions. The team became the only Lions team ever to come from 1–0 down to win a series, winning the second test in Brisbane 19–12 and the third test in Sydney 19–18. The Lions completed their tour with a victory of a combined ANZAC team. Teague was named player of the series.
2008–09 EuroLeague Women
The 2008-09 season was the 13th edition of Europe's premier basketball tournament for women since it was rebranded to its current format. It was won once again for the third time in a row by Spartak Moscow after defeating 2003 champions UMMC Ekaterinburg and first time finalists Perfumerías Avenida Salamanca in the final four, which took place in the latter's court.

UMMC Ekaterinburg
BC UMMC Ekaterinburg (Russian: БК «УГМК») is a Russian professional women's basketball team based in Yekaterinburg competing in the Russian Premier League, and until February 2022 in FIBA Europe's EuroLeague Women. Founded in 1938 as Zenit Sverdlovsk, the club had its name changed to Uralmash Sverdlovsk in 1960.

In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, in February 2022 EuroLeague Women suspended all Russian clubs including UMMC.
Jack Garrett
Jack Garrett (22 May 1914 – 11 September 1977) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, who was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1969 to 1977. A public works contractor, he was elected to the Seanad in 1969 by the Administrative Panel. He was re-elected at the 1973 and 1977 elections. He died on 11 September 1977 before the 14th Seanad had first met. The by-election caused by his death was held on 7 December 1977 and was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Michael Donnelly.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
El Sueño de Morfeo (album)
El Sueño De Morfeo, is the title of El Sueño De Morfeo's eponymous first studio album, which was released in Spain on March 3, 2005. The lead single (and debut from the band under the El Sueño De Morfeo name), Nunca Volverá, spent 4 non-consecutive weeks at number one in Spain. El Sueño De Morfeo entered and peaked on the Promusicae Album Chart at number four. The album went on to reach double Platinum status, selling 80,000 copies in Spain alone, and 150,000 worldwide. In support of the album, they embarked on a tour of Spain, playing over 100 concerts before travelling to play shows in Central and South America, such as Argentina and Mexico.

After the release of the album, they were recognized in 2005 with a MTV Europe Music Awards nomination for Best Spanish Act, although they eventually lost to El Canto del Loco. They also received an AMAS award, honouring them from the Asturian music community.

2005 MTV Europe Music Awards
The 2005 MTV Europe Music Awards were held at Pavilhão Atlântico,
Lisbon, Portugal.

The show was opened by Madonna, performing "Hung Up". Other performers included Pussycat Dolls, The Black Eyed Peas, Robbie Williams and Foo Fighters.

Presenters included Anastacia, Jared Leto, John Legend, Sugababes and Brittany Murphy.
Hugo Scouts
The Hugo Scouts were a minor league baseball team based in Hugo, Oklahoma. In 1913 and 1914, Hugo teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Texas-Oklahoma League, hosting home games at Ansley Park. Hugo played the 1913 season as the "Hugoites."

At age 18, Baseball Hall of Fame member Rogers Hornsby played for the 1914 Hugo Scouts in his first professional season.

Hugo, Oklahoma
Hugo is a city in and the county seat of Choctaw County, Oklahoma, United States. It is located in southeastern Oklahoma, approximately 9 miles (14 km) north of the Texas state line. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 5,166.

The city was founded in 1901 and named for the French novelist Victor Hugo. In the postwar 20th century, the city served as winter quarters for some circus companies and performers. A cemetery has a section for circus personnel. Nearby is one of the oldest boarding schools west of the Mississippi: Goodland Academy, begun in 1848 as a Presbyterian mission, school and orphanage for Native American children.

The town is located in a cultural area of the state known as Little Dixie, as it was settled by Native American tribes, African Americans and European Americans from the southeastern United States. It is within the tourist area designated as Choctaw Country by the Oklahoma Department of Tourism.
Trois couleurs (magazine)
Trois Couleurs (Three Colors) is a Paris-based monthly magazine that focuses on culture, cinema and technology. It is edited by the French broadcasting group MK2, and its title pays tribute to the Three Colors trilogy by Krzysztof Kieślowski. It is distributed only in Paris: in MK2 movie theaters, the Fnac retail chain, and in 250 cultural places, restaurants, bars, concert halls, and museums. Trois Couleurs reaches 600,000 readers with a circulation of 200,000.

Most of the content is dedicated to cinema and to the promotion of independent films with interviews of directors, such as Jim Jarmusch and Frederick Wiseman.

The editorial policy claims to analyze complicated cultural phenomena in a simple way for a wide readership.

Krzysztof Kieślowski
Krzysztof Kieślowski (Polish: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf kʲɛɕˈlɔfskʲi] ⓘ, 27 June 1941 – 14 March 1996) was a Polish film director and screenwriter. He is known internationally for Dekalog (1989), The Double Life of Veronique (1991), and the Three Colours trilogy (1993–1994).

Kieślowski received numerous awards during his career, including the Cannes Film Festival Jury Prize (1988), FIPRESCI Prize (1988, 1991), and Prize of the Ecumenical Jury (1991), the Venice Film Festival FIPRESCI Prize (1989), Golden Lion (1993), and OCIC Award (1993), and the Berlin International Film Festival Silver Bear (1994). In 1995, he received Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. In 2002, Kieślowski was listed at number two on the British Film Institute's Sight & Sound list of the top ten film directors of modern times. In 2007, Total Film magazine ranked him at No. 47 on its "100 Greatest Film Directors Ever" list.
Acacia deflexa
Acacia deflexa is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with broadly elliptic, elliptic or narrowly oblong phyllodes, spherical heads of pale golden yellow flowers and linear, strongly curved, papery pods.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Achha Bura
Achha Bura (transl. The Good and the Bad) is a 1983 Indian Bollywood film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and produced by Deepak Parashar. The film was a remake of Memdidi, directed by  Hrishikesh Mukherjee again. The film starred Raj Babbar and Anita Raj. It also had Amjad Khan, Ranjeet and Dina Pathak in pivotal roles.

Anita Raj
Anita Raj Khurana (born 28 February 1963) is an Indian actress and the daughter of well-known actor Jagdish Raj. Her notable films include Prem Geet (1981), Zara Si Zindagi (1983), Naukar Biwi Ka (1983),  Zameen Aasman (1984), Ghulami (1985) and Mazloom (1986). Anita is also known for playing Priyamvada Singh in the TV Series Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani and Kulwant Kaur Dhillon in Choti Sarrdaarni. Currently she is seen as Kaveri Poddar in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai.
WVKC
WVKC (90.7 FM) is a 1,000-watt radio station in Galesburg, Illinois. Knox College is the station licensee, authorized by the Federal Communications Commission.

WVKC is a student-operated radio station of Knox College. The call letters were originally chosen to stand for "The Voice of Knox College", although that catchphrase is not in active use. WVKC was known as "Radio-Free Galesburg" until as recently as 2005, when students decided on "No Sale Radio," again emphasizing that WVKC is a non-commercial, not-for-profit organization. In 2006, students opted to change the name to simply "The Voice," a slogan used by the station in the 1970s and 1980s. WVKC now runs under the Tri-States Public Radio branding full time since 2013.

Catchphrase
A catchphrase (alternatively spelled catch phrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance. Such phrases often originate in popular culture and in the arts, and typically spread through word of mouth and a variety of mass media (such as films, internet, literature and publishing, television, and radio). Some become the de facto or literal "trademark" or "signature" of the person or character with whom they originated, and can be instrumental in the typecasting of a particular actor. Catchphrases are often humorous, can be (or become) the punch line of a joke, or a callback reminder of a previous joke.
Luigi Robbiati
Luigi Robbiati (born 18 June 1935 in Robbiate) is an Italian former footballer who played as a defender in Serie A for Internazionale in the 1950s.

His son Anselmo Robbiati played in Serie A for Fiorentina.

Robbiate
Robbiate (Brianzöö: Rubiàa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Lecco. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,333 and an area of 4.7 square kilometres (1.8 sq mi).

Robbiate borders the following municipalities: Calusco d'Adda, Imbersago, Merate, Paderno d'Adda, Ronco Briantino, Verderio Inferiore, Verderio Superiore, Villa d'Adda.
Reversed glottal stop
The reversed glottal stop, ⟨ʕ⟩ (majuscule: ꟎, minuscule: ꟏, superscript: ˤ), is a letter of the Latin script. It is used to denote a voiced pharyngeal fricative and similar sounds, either as a caseless letter as in the International Phonetic Alphabet, or as a cased pair in the Pilagá alphabet. Like the glottal stop ⟨ʔ⟩, which is derived historically from an apostrophe, it derives from the reversed comma ⟨ʽ⟩, as does the half ring ⟨ʿ⟩.

Modifier letter left half ring
The modifier letter left half ring ⟨ʿ⟩ is a character found in Unicode in the Spacing Modifier Letters range (although it is not a modifier, but a standalone grapheme). It is used in romanization to transliterate the Semitic abjad letter ayin after it was used by The Encyclopedia of Islam (later the International Journal of Middle East Studies), representing the sound ⟨ʕ⟩ (a voiced pharyngeal fricative, as in Arabic ع ʿayn). In informal contexts, the backtick ⟨`⟩ or the apostrophe ⟨'⟩ is commonly used as a substitute, but this can lead to confusion with the modifier letter right half ring.
Guard cell
Guard cells are specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs of land plants that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore. The stomatal pores are largest when water is freely available and the guard cells become turgid, and closed when water availability is critically low and the guard cells become flaccid. Photosynthesis depends on the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air through the stomata into the mesophyll tissues. Oxygen (O2), produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis, exits the plant via the stomata. When the stomata are open, water is lost by evaporation and must be replaced via the transpiration stream, with water taken up by the roots. Plants must balance the amount of CO2 absorbed from the air with the water loss through the stomatal pores, and this is achieved by both active and passive control of guard cell turgor pressure and stomatal pore size.

Transpiration stream
In plants, the transpiration stream is the uninterrupted stream of water and solutes which is taken up by the roots and transported via the xylem to the leaves where it evaporates into the air/apoplast-interface of the substomatal cavity. It is driven by capillary action and in some plants by root pressure. The main driving factor is the difference in water potential between the soil and the substomatal cavity caused by transpiration.
Bullenkuhle
The Bullenkuhle is a predominantly marshy lake in the extreme north of the district of Gifhorn in the north German state of Lower Saxony. This strange biotope and geotope has been formed into a natural hollow in the terrain that is termed a sinkhole. The area is environmentally protected.

Geotope
A geotope is the geological component of the abiotic matrix present in an ecotope. Example geotopes might be an exposed outcrop of rocks, an erratic boulder, a grotto or ravine, a cave, an old stone wall marking a property boundary, and so forth.

It is a loanword from German (Geotop) in the study of ecology and might be the model for many other similar words coined by analogy. As the prototype, it has enjoyed wider currency than many of the other words modelled on it, including physiotope, with which it is used synonymously. But the geotope is properly the rocks and not the whole lay of the land (which would be the physiotope).

For usage in the context of geoheritage, like e.g. in Friedrich Wiedenbein's contributions (see below) and in the German discussion on geoheritage, the more adequate term (and translation from the German) is geosite.
Cotton rat
A cotton rat is any member of the rodent genus Sigmodon. Their name derives from their damaging effects on cotton as well as other plantation crops, such as sugarcane, corn, peanut and rice.  Cotton rats have small ears and dark coats, and are found in North and South America. Members of this genus are distributed in the Southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South American countries of: Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname. Many of the species are found in Mexico.

They are primarily herbivores. The molars of cotton rats are S-shaped when viewed from above. The genus name literally means S-tooth.

Sigmodon hispidus was the first model organism to be used in polio research.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Contaminated currency
Most banknotes have traces of cocaine on them; this has been confirmed by studies done in several countries. In 1994, the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals cited findings that in Los Angeles, three out of four banknotes were tainted by cocaine or another illicit drug.

Studies indicate that banknotes may serve as a fomite—an inanimate object that can spread disease if contaminated—though researchers disagree over how easily diseases are transmitted by this mechanism.

Several theories have been suggested to explain this contamination beyond the predictable contamination due to handling during drug deals and the use of rolled up notes for snorting drugs. After the initial contamination, the substance is transferred to other notes in close contact, often stacked together, in enclosed environments common in financial institutions.

Fomite
A fomite (/ˈfoʊmaɪt/) or fomes (/ˈfoʊmiːz/) is any inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi), can transfer disease to a new host.
Duncan Sharpe
Duncan Albert Sharpe (born 3 August 1937) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played in three Test matches in 1959–60. Sharpe is of Anglo-Indian heritage, and was the third Christian to play Test cricket for Pakistan. He has lived in Australia since 1961.

Christianity in Pakistan
Christianity is the third-largest religion in Pakistan, with the 2023 Census recording over three million Christians, or 1.37% of the total population in Pakistan. About 90 to 95% of Pakistani Christians are Dalits from the Chuhra caste who converted from Hinduism. The province of Punjab has the largest population of Christians in the country. The majority of Pakistan's Christians are members of the Catholic Church or the Church of Pakistan, with the remainder belonging to other Protestant groups.

Around 75 percent of Pakistan's Christians are rural Punjabi Christians, while some speak Sindhi and Gujarati, with the remainder being the upper and middle class Goan Christians and Anglo-Indians.
Vladimir Belous
Vladimir Belous (born July 29, 1993, in Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, Russia) is a chess Grandmaster from Moscow, Russia. He got International Master (IM) title in 2011 and Grandmaster (GM) title in 2013. He was the winner of 25th Annual Chicago Open in 2016 and U.S. Masters Chess Championship in 2017. In 2016, he moved to Brownsville TX, United States.

Kamensk-Shakhtinsky
Kamensk-Shakhtinsky (Russian: Ка́менск-Ша́хтинский, IPA: [ˈkamʲɪnsk ˈʂaxtʲɪnskʲɪj]) is a town in Rostov Oblast, located on the Seversky Donets River, around 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the border with Ukraine's Luhansk Oblast. Population:  95,296 (2010 Census); 75,632 (2002 Census); 72,379 (1989 Soviet census).
Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996
The Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (c. 25) or CPIA  is a piece of statutory legislation in the United Kingdom that regulates the procedures of investigating and prosecution of criminal offences.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.