hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ulmus minor 'Sowerbyi'
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Sowerbyi', commonly known as the Sowerby Elm,  was described (as Ulmus nitens var. sowerbyi Moss) by Moss in The Cambridge British Flora (1914). The tree, once referred to as the 'Norfolk Elm' by Smith, was commonly found in the hedgerows and woods of Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire in the early 20th century before the advent of Dutch elm disease. Melville considered it a hybrid of 'Coritana'.

The tree was named for the botanical artist James Sowerby, who had illustrated it in English Botany, or Coloured Figures of British Plants (1863, figure T.2248), from a specimen collected in Essex c.1810 and now in the Borrer Herbarium at Kew.

Ronald Melville (botanist)
Ronald Melville FLS (12 March 1903 – 6 August 1985) was an English botanist, based at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. He is chiefly remembered for his wartime research into rosehips as a source of vitamin C, prompted by the epidemic of scurvy amongst children owing to the reduced importation of fresh fruit. His research concluded that hips from the common Dog Rose, Rosa canina, held the highest concentration of the vitamin. In later years, he challenged the two-species taxonomy of the British elms proposed by Richens, identifying five distinct species, several varieties and numerous complex hybrids. Melville assembled a large collection of elm species, varieties and hybrids which are still growing at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew's Wakehurst site.

Melville also compiled the world's first Red Data Book, published in 1970, listing all known threatened plants. He was made a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1938. The tree Acacia melvillei is named in his honour.
Maafushi Prison
Maafushi Prison is a prison in Maafushi on Kaafu Atoll in the Maldives, 18 miles (29 km) south of the capital, Malé. It is the largest prison on the islands and has held numerous political prisoners over the years, including former presidents like Mohamed Nasheed and Abdulla Yameen.

Maafushi (Kaafu Atoll)
Maafushi (Dhivehi: މާފުށި) is one of the inhabited islands of Kaafu Atoll and The Heart of Maldives - the leading local tourism island of the Maldives.

The island's proximity to Malé and its transport hubs has allowed Maafushi to become a popular destination for tourists visiting local islands.
Islam in Malaysia
Islam in Malaysia is represented by the Shafi‘i school of Sunni jurisprudence. Islam was introduced to Malaysia by traders arriving from Persia, Arabia, China and the Indian subcontinent. It became firmly established in the 15th century. In the Constitution of Malaysia, Islam is granted the status of "religion of the Federation" to symbolize its importance to Malaysian society, while defining Malaysia constitutionally as a secular state. Therefore, other religions can be practiced legally, though freedom of religion is still limited in Malaysia.

Malaysia is a country whose most professed religion is Islam. As of 2024, there were approximately 22.4 million Muslim adherents, or 65% of the population.

Various Islamic holidays such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Mawlid have been declared national holidays alongside Christmas, Chinese New Year, and Deepavali.

Tudong
The tudong (Malay: tudung, Jawi: تودوڠ) is a style of headscarf, worn as interpretation of the Islamic hijab, prevalent amongst many Muslim women in the Malay-speaking world; Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore. Today, the tudong forms part of the standard dress code for many offices in Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as in school uniforms and formal occasions. Though initially considered a conservative form of dress, it is worn today by most moderate Muslim women in Malaysia and Indonesia.
Topic-based authoring
In technical communication, topic-based authoring or topic-based writing is a modular approach to content creation where content is structured around topics that can be mixed and reused in different contexts. It is defined in contrast with book-oriented or narrative content, written in the linear structure of written books.

Topic-based authoring is popular in the technical publications and documentation arenas, as it is especially suitable for technical documentation. Tools supporting this approach typically store content in XHTML or other XML formats and support content reuse, management, and the dynamic assembly of personalized information.

Modularity
Modularity is the degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined, often with the benefit of flexibility and variety in use. The concept of modularity is used primarily to reduce complexity by breaking a system into varying degrees of interdependence and independence across and "hide the complexity of each part behind an abstraction and interface". However, the concept of modularity can be extended to multiple disciplines, each with their own nuances. Despite these nuances, consistent themes concerning modular systems can be identified.

Composability is one of the tenets of functional programming.  This makes functional programs modular.
Nichirei International Championships
The Nichirei International Championships is a defunct WTA Tour affiliated tennis tournament played from 1990 to 1996. It was held in Tokyo in Japan and was played on indoor carpet courts in 1990 and on outdoor hardcourts from 1991 to 1996.

Monica Seles won the event a record three times, representing the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992, and the United States in 1996. Mary Joe Fernández garnered the most championships overall, with four of her five triumphs coming in the doubles competition.

The tournament was replaced by the Toyota Princess Cup.

Mary Joe Fernández
Mary Joe Fernández Godsick (born María José Fernández; August 19, 1971) is an American former professional tennis player, who reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4 in both singles and doubles. In singles, Fernández was the runner-up at the 1990 and 1992 Australian Open, and the 1993 French Open. She also won a bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. In doubles, she won the 1991 Australian Open with Patty Fendick and the 1996 French Open with Lindsay Davenport, plus two Olympic gold medals.
Ahaz
Ahaz (Hebrew: אָחָז, romanized: ʼĀḥāz, lit. '"has held"'; Greek: Ἄχαζ, Ἀχάζ Akhaz; Latin: Achaz) an abbreviation of Jehoahaz II (of Judah), "Yahweh has held" (Hebrew: יְהוֹאָחָז, Modern: Yəhō’aḥaz, Tiberian: Yŏhō’āḥāz; Akkadian: 𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 Ya'úḫazi [ia-ú-ḫa-zi]) was the twelfth king of Judah, and the son and successor of Jotham. Ahaz was 20 when he became king of Judah and reigned for 16 years.

Ahaz is portrayed as an evil king in the Second Book of Kings (2 Kings 16:2).

In Edwin R. Thiele's opinion, Ahaz was co-regent with Jotham from 736/735 BC, and his sole reign began in 732/731 and ended in 716/715 BC. However, William F. Albright has dated his reign to 744–728 BC.

The Gospel of Matthew lists Ahaz of Judah in the genealogy of Jesus. He is also mentioned in Isaiah 7 and Isaiah 14:28.

William F. Albright
William Foxwell Albright (May 24, 1891 – September 19, 1971) was an American archaeologist, biblical scholar, philologist, and expert on ceramics. He is considered "one of the twentieth century's most influential American biblical scholars," having become known to the public in 1948 for his role in the authentication of the Dead Sea Scrolls. He was a leading theorist and practitioner of biblical archaeology, and is regarded as the founder of the biblical archaeology movement. Albright served as the W. W. Spence Professor of Semitic Languages at Johns Hopkins University from 1930 to 1958 and was the Director of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem for several terms between 1922 and 1936.
Barry Leiba
Barry Leiba (born 1957) is a computer scientist and software researcher.  He retired from IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Hawthorne, New York in February 2009, and now works for FutureWei Technologies as a Director of Internet Standards.  His work has focused for many years on electronic mail and anti-spam technology, on mobile computing and the Internet of things, and on Internet standards.

Hawthorne, New York
Hawthorne is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Mount Pleasant in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. Its population was 4,586 at the 2010 census.
Prince Ital Joe
Joseph Paquette (May 5, 1963 – May 16, 2001), better known by his stage name Prince Ital Joe, was a Dominican reggae and ragga singer and actor best known for his collaborations with Marky Mark and Death Row Records artists. Prince Ital Joe also appeared in the Steven Seagal film, Marked for Death and on the TV series, EZ Streets and Players.

Coolio
Artis Leon Ivey Jr. (August 1, 1963 – September 28, 2022), known by his stage name Coolio, was an American rapper. He was best known for his single "Gangsta's Paradise" (1995), which won a Grammy Award, and was credited for changing the course of hip-hop by bringing it to a wider audience. Other singles included "Fantastic Voyage" (1994), "1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)" (1996), and "C U When U Get There" (1997). He released nine albums, the first three of which achieved mainstream success: It Takes a Thief (1994), Gangsta's Paradise (1995), and My Soul (1997). Coolio first achieved recognition as a member of the gangsta rap group WC and the Maad Circle. Coolio sold 4.8 million albums in the U.S.

He also created the six-episode reality television show Coolio's Rules (2008), the web series Cookin' with Coolio, and published a cookbook.
Hintsa kaKhawuta
King Hintsa ka-Khawuta (c. 1780–12 May 1835), also known as King Hintsa Zanzolo, was the king of the Xhosa Kingdom, founded by his ancestor, King Tshawe. He ruled from 1820 until his death in 1835. The kingdom at its peak, during his reign stretched from the Mbhashe River, south of Mthatha, to the Gamtoos River (Xelexwa in isiXhosa), North East of the Garden Route.

Mthatha
Mthatha (/əmˈtɑːtɑː/ əm-TAH-tah, Xhosa: [ḿ̩ˈtʰâːtʰà] ⓘ), alternatively rendered Umtata, is the main city of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality in Eastern Cape province of South Africa and the capital of OR Tambo District Municipality. The city has an airport, previously known as the K. D. Matanzima Airport after former leader Kaiser Matanzima. Mthatha derives its name from the nearby Mthatha River which was named after the sneezewood (umtati) trees, famous for their wood and medicinal properties.
Ysabel Ortega
Maria Ysabel Ortega Lapid (Tagalog: [ʔɪsaˈbɛl oɾˈtɛga]; born January 25, 1999) is a Filipino actress. She gained prominence playing Charlotte "Charlie" Quiñones on Pusong Ligaw (2017–2018). Ortega also appeared in several other television shows, such as On the Wings of Love (2015–2016), Maalaala Mo Kaya (2016–2017), Ipaglaban Mo! (2018), and Born for You (2016).

After four years with ABS-CBN, she transferred to GMA Network and played Jamie Robinson on Voltes V: Legacy (2023), the Filipino live-action adaptation of the Japanese animated series Voltes V.

Ipaglaban Mo!
Ipaglaban Mo! (transl. Fight for It!), also known as Kapag nasa Katwiran, Ipaglaban Mo! or Kapag May Katwiran... Ipaglaban Mo!, is a Philippine television public service and advocacy-driven legal drama anthology show broadcast by IBC, ABS-CBN, RPN, GMA News TV and Kapamilya Channel under ABS-CBN Studios, featuring dramatizations of actual cases brought and settled in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals of the Philippines. It aired from June 13, 1988 to 2000. The show returned from February 7, 2004 to 2005 and again from June 7, 2014 to July 5, 2020.
Thalamas Affair
The Thalamas Affair (French: Affaire Thalamas) was a controversy in the French education system which began in 1904 around courses on Joan of Arc taught by Amédée Thalamas.

When the Camelots du Roi, the militant youth wing of the Action Française, decided to stand against these courses at the Sorbonne in 1908, the controversy intensified. For three months, the courses in question were interrupted, numerous protests were staged in the Latin Quarter, and the student riots culminated in the occupation of the Ministry of Justice.

Camelots du Roi
The King's Camelots, officially the National Federation of the King's Camelots (French: Fédération nationale des Camelots du Roi) was a far-right youth organization of the French militant royalist and integralist movement Action Française active from 1908 to 1936. It is best known for taking part in many right-wing demonstrations in France in the 1920s and 1930s.
Friesland Foods
Royal Friesland Foods (Koninklijke Friesland Foods N.V.) was a Dutch company that developed, produced and sold branded dairy products and fruit-based drinks. Royal Friesland Foods had a strong presence in Western Europe, Central Europe, West Africa and Southeast Asia.

On 30 December 2008, Friesland Foods merged with Campina, under the new name of FrieslandCampina. The process was announced in December 2007. The EU conditioned the merger to the sale of certain cheese and dairy drink divisions by both companies.

Dairy product
Dairy products or milk products are food products made from (or containing) milk. The most common dairy animals are cow, water buffalo, goat, and sheep. Dairy products consumed around the world include yogurt, cheese, milk, and butter. A facility that produces dairy products is a dairy. Dairy products are consumed worldwide to varying degrees. Some people avoid some or all dairy products because of lactose intolerance, veganism, environmental concerns, or other reasons or beliefs.
Clinidium rosenbergi
Clinidium rosenbergi is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by R.T. Bell in 1970. It is endemic to the United States, primarily to the eastern United States east to the Appalachian Mountains, but it reaches the Delaware River in Pennsylvania and is found west of the Mississippi River in Missouri.

Clinidium rosenbergi measure 6.2–7.8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) in length.

Rhysodinae
Rhysodinae is a subfamily (sometimes called wrinkled bark beetles) in the family Carabidae. There are 19 genera and at least 380 described species in Rhysodinae. The group of genera making up Rhysodinae had been treated as the family Rhysodidae in the past, and subsequent DNA analysis then placed it within Carabidae, where it was sometimes treated as the tribe Rhysodini, but the most recent analyses place it as a subfamily in a clade along with subfamilies Paussinae and Siagoninae, forming a sister to the remaining Carabidae.
2025 Coke Zero Sugar 400
The 2025 Coke Zero Sugar 400 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on August 23, 2025, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida on the 2.5-mile (4.0 km) superspeedway. It was the 26th race of the 2025 NASCAR Cup Series season, and last race of the regular season.

Ryan Blaney won the race. Daniel Suárez finished 2nd, and Justin Haley finished 3rd. Cole Custer and Erik Jones rounded out the top five, and Kyle Larson, Chris Buescher, Ty Gibbs, Josh Berry, and Chase Elliott rounded out the top ten.

Justin Haley (racing driver)
Justin Christmann Haley (born April 28, 1999) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 16 Ram 1500 for Kaulig Racing. He previously went by his nickname J. J. Haley, until he switched to his first name in January 2016 to avoid confusion with fellow competitor J. J. Yeley. Haley owns Darkhorse Racecars, a dirt late model and dirt modified chassis manufacturer.

Haley had a shocking win in the 2019 Coke Zero Sugar 400 at Daytona in just his third career Cup Series start due to being in the lead, through pit strategy, under caution when lightning and eventual rain hit the area. After scoring his first Xfinity victory in 2020, Haley became the 32nd driver to win a race in all three NASCAR national touring series.
Don Schain
Donald Rodney Schain (February 26, 1941 – December 26, 2015) was an American director, writer, and producer of many films and TV movies, notably for the Disney Channel.

Schain joined the movie industry in the early 1970s, directing his then-wife, Cheri Caffaro, in several low-budget exploitation films, including the Ginger trilogy.

In the 1990s, he moved to Utah and went on to produce movies of a more family-oriented nature for the Disney Channel, including High School Musical, Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior, and Read It and Weep. He was the first president of the Motion Picture Association of Utah.

Read It and Weep
Read It and Weep is a 2006 American comedy-drama film released as a Disney Channel Original Movie. It premiered on July 21, 2006. It is based on the novel How My Private, Personal Journal Became A Bestseller by Julia DeVillers. Sisters Kay and Danielle Panabaker star as Jamie Bartlett and her alter ego Isabella (Iz or Is), respectively. Both sisters have starred in previous Disney Channel films: Kay in Life Is Ruff (2005), and Danielle in Stuck in the Suburbs (2004); like Read It and Weep, those films also premiered in July in their respective years.
Soutpansnek
32°52′24.0″S 24°42′49.2″E﻿ / ﻿32.873333°S 24.713667°E﻿ / -32.873333; 24.713667
Soutpansnek (Afrikaans for Salt Pan's Neck) is a mountain pass on the regional road R75, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa between Jansenville and Graaff-Reinet.

Jansenville
Jansenville is a town in Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

The town is on the Sundays River, 87 km south of Graaff-Reinet. Laid out on the farm Vergenoegd in 1854, it was proclaimed in 1855 and became a municipality in 1881. Said to have been named after General Jan Willem Janssens (1762-1838), the last Batavian Governor of the Cape.
1996 State Farm Evert Cup – Doubles
Lindsay Davenport and Lisa Raymond were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Davenport with Mary Joe Fernández and Raymond with Rennae Stubbs.

Davenport and Fernandez lost in the quarterfinals to Elizabeth Smylie and Linda Wild.

Raymond and Stubbs lost in the semifinals to Julie Halard-Decugis and Nathalie Tauziat.

Chanda Rubin and Brenda Schultz-McCarthy won in the final 6–1, 6–4 against Halard-Decugis and Tauziat.

Mary Joe Fernández
Mary Joe Fernández Godsick (born María José Fernández; August 19, 1971) is an American former professional tennis player, who reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4 in both singles and doubles. In singles, Fernández was the runner-up at the 1990 and 1992 Australian Open, and the 1993 French Open. She also won a bronze medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. In doubles, she won the 1991 Australian Open with Patty Fendick and the 1996 French Open with Lindsay Davenport, plus two Olympic gold medals.
50-Miler Award
The 50-Miler Award is an award of Scouting America designed to promote the ideals of Scouting, Scoutcraft, conservation, self-reliance, and physical fitness.  The award may be earned by Scouts, Venturers, and Scout leaders. The 50-Miler Award was established in April 1956, along with the Historic Trails Award.

Scout leader
Scout leader, Scoutmaster, Scouter, Scout Advisor or Scout Counsellor generally refers to the trained adult leader of a Scout unit.  The terms used vary from country to country, over time, and with the type of unit.
Bursa of Fabricius
In birds, the bursa of Fabricius (Latin: bursa cloacalis or bursa Fabricii) is the site of hematopoiesis.  It is a specialized organ that, as first demonstrated by Bruce Glick and later by Max Dale Cooper and Robert Good, is necessary for B cell (part of the immune system) development in birds. Mammals generally do not have an equivalent organ; the bone marrow is often the site of both hematopoiesis and B cell development. The bursa is present in the cloaca of birds and is named after Hieronymus Fabricius, who described it in 1621.

Robert A. Good
Robert Alan Good NAM, NAS, AAAS (May 21, 1922 – June 13, 2003) was an American physician who performed the first successful human bone marrow transplant between persons who were not identical twins. He is regarded as a founder of modern immunology.
Shaun Gadsby
Shaun Gadsby (20 May 1963 – 22 April 2015) was an English rugby player for Cambridge R.U.F.C. Gadsby was an openside flanker.  He also played cricket.  He was born in Wimpole, Cambridgeshire. He was educated at Felsted School.

Gadsby had a successful rugby career for Cambridge representing them 505 times in just over 20 years. He played his 500th game on 29 November 2003 against Diss and retired soon after. He is Cambridge's all-time most capped player, an achievement unlikely to ever be broken.

Gadsby died on 22 April 2015 after a 4-year struggle with leukaemia. The club paid its tributes to him by renaming the bar in his memory.

Wimpole
Wimpole is a small village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, England, about 8+1⁄2 miles (13.7 km) southwest of Cambridge. Until 1999, the main settlement on the A603 was officially known and signed as New Wimpole and Orwell, Cambridge Road. On 1 April 1999, following a parish boundary change and a referendum of local residents, the village name was simplified to Wimpole.

It is the site of the country house of Wimpole Hall and its accompanying Wimpole's Folly.
HMCS St. Stephen
HMCS St. Stephen was a River-class frigate that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named for St. Stephen, New Brunswick.

St. Stephen was ordered on 1 February 1943 as part of the 1943–1944 River-class building program. She was laid down on 5 October 1943 by Yarrows Ltd. at Esquimalt and launched 6 February 1944. She was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 28 July 1944 at Esquimalt.

Esquimalt
The Township of Esquimalt (/ɪˈskwaɪmɔːlt/) is a municipality at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada.  It is bordered to the east by the provincial capital, Victoria, to the south by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, to the west by Esquimalt Harbour and Royal Roads, to the northwest by the New Songhees 1A Indian reserve and the town of View Royal, and to the north by a narrow inlet of water called the Gorge, across which is the district municipality of Saanich. It is almost tangential to Esquimalt 1 Indian Reserve near Admirals Road. It is one of the 13 municipalities of Greater Victoria and part of the Capital Regional District.

Esquimalt had a population of 17,533 in 2021. It covers 7.08 km2 (2.73 sq mi). It is home to the Pacific fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy.
2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification Group B
Group B of the 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition consists of six teams: Spain, Belgium, Scotland, Hungary, Kazakhstan, and Malta. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 2 February 2023 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

Kazakhstan national under-21 football team
The Kazakhstan national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Kazakhstan and is administered by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan.  The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship every two years.