hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quaternionic structure
In mathematics, a quaternionic structure or Q-structure is an axiomatic system that abstracts the concept of a quaternion algebra over a field.

A quaternionic structure is a triple (G, Q, q) where G is an elementary abelian group of exponent 2 with a distinguished element −1, Q is a pointed set with distinguished element 1, and q is a symmetric surjection G×G → Q satisfying axioms

Every field F gives rise to a Q-structure by taking G to be F∗/F∗2, Q the set of Brauer classes of quaternion algebras in the Brauer group of F with the split quaternion algebra as distinguished element and q(a,b) the quaternion algebra (a,b)F.

Torsion group
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, a torsion group or a periodic group is a group in which every element has finite order. The exponent of such a group, if it exists, is the least common multiple of the orders of the elements.

For example, it follows from Lagrange's theorem that every finite group is periodic and it has an exponent that divides its order.
Sayaka Isoyama
Sayaka Isoyama (磯山 さやか, Isoyama Sayaka; born October 23, 1983 in Mito, Ibaraki, Japan) is a Japanese gravure idol, entertainer, actress, and sportswriter who is represented by the talent agency, Lifika. She grew up in Hokota, Kashima District, Ibaraki.

Hokota, Ibaraki
Hokota (鉾田市, Hokota-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 45,997 in 18,455 households and a population density of 221.6 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 34.1%. The total area of the city is 207.60 square kilometres (80.15 sq mi).
Don't Break My Heart
Don't Break My Heart is the title of several songs, including:

"Don't Break My Heart" (La Toya Jackson song)

"Don't Break My Heart" (Vaya Con Dios song)

"Don't Break My Heart" (Romeo's Daughter song)

"Don't Break My Heart" (UB40 song)

"Don't Break My Heart" (Nicola song)

"Don't Break My Heart" (Italo disco project Den Harrow song from 1987)

"Don't Break My Heart" by Black Panther

"Don't Break My Heart" by Paolo Conte

"Don't Break My Heart" by Suzi Quatro, from the album Aggro-Phobia

"Don't Break My Heart" by the Weeknd, from the album Dawn FM

Black Panther (band)
Black Panther (Chinese: 黑豹; pinyin: Hēi Bào) is a seminal Chinese rock band founded in 1987. It was originally fronted by one of China's alternative music pioneers Dou Wei. The band reunited and released a new album in 2013. "Who We Are", was produced by Jamii Szmadzinski. The band's best known songs include "Don't Break My Heart", "Shameful"《无地自容》, "Mirage"《海市蜃楼》, "I'm Afraid Of Your Crying"《怕你为自己流泪》, "Spirit Of Light" 《光芒之神》, "No Right, No Wrong" 《无是无非》, "Our Generation" 《我们这一代》, "Without you"《没有你》, "I Don't Want To Say Goodbye" and "Lonely Soul"《孤独的灵魂》 etc. Black Panther is represented by Rock Forward Entertainment.
Pope Clement
There have been fourteen popes named Clement.

Pope Clement I (saint; 88–98)

Pope Clement II (1046–1047)
Antipope Clement III (1080–1085)

Pope Clement III (1187–1191)

Pope Clement IV (1265–1268)

Pope Clement V (1305–1314)

Pope Clement VI (1342–1352)
Antipope Clement VII (1378–1394)
Antipope Clement VIII (1423–1429)

Pope Clement VII (1523–1534)

Pope Clement VIII (1592–1605)

Pope Clement IX (1667–1669)

Pope Clement X (1670–1676)

Pope Clement XI (1700–1721)

Pope Clement XII (1730–1740)

Pope Clement XIII (1758–1769)

Pope Clement XIV (1769–1774)

Pope Clement II
Pope Clement II (Latin: Clemens II; born Suidger von Morsleben-Horneburg; died 9 October 1047) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1046 until his death in 1047. He was the first in a series of reform-minded popes from Germany. Suidger was the bishop of Bamberg. In 1046, he accompanied King Henry III of Germany, when at the request of laity and clergy of Rome, Henry went to Italy and summoned the Council of Sutri, which deposed Benedict IX and Sylvester III, and accepted the resignation of Gregory VI. Henry suggested Suidger as the next pope, and he was then elected, taking the name of Clement II. Clement then proceeded to crown Henry as emperor. Clement's brief tenure as pope saw the enactment of more stringent prohibitions against simony.
Aliens are to Blame for Everything
Aliens are to Blame for Everything (Serbo-Croatian: Svemirci su krivi za sve, Serbian Cyrillic: Свемирци су криви за све) is a 1991 Yugoslav film by Zoran Čalić starring Bata Živojinović, Boro Stjepanović, Nikola Simić and others. The film is also known as Ćao inspektore, III deo ("Hello, Inspector, Part III").

Bata Živojinović
Velimir "Bata" Živojinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Велимир "Бата" Живојиновић; 5 June 1933 – 22 May 2016) was a Yugoslav and Serbian actor and politician. He appeared in more than 340 films and TV series, and is regarded as one of the best actors in former Yugoslavia.
Ulrichite
Ulrichite is a rare green uranium phosphate mineral (CaCu(UO2)[PO4]2·4H2O). It crystallizes as monoclinic prisms which occur as apple green acicular radiating clusters. It is radioactive and exhibits strong yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation.

Ulrichite was first described in 1988 for samples from the Lake Boga granite quarry, Lake Boga, Victoria, Australia. It was named for George H. F. Ulrich (1830–1900), a 19th-century government geologist and mines department inspector. The type locality at Lake Boga is the only reported occurrence and the type specimen is located at the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, as #M38576.

It is of secondary origin in granite pegmatites where it is found in miarolitic cavities. It occurs associated with turquoise, chalcosiderite, cyrilovite, torbernite, libethenite, sampleite, saleeite and fluorapatite.

Miarolitic cavity
Miarolitic cavities (or miarolitic texture) are typically crystal-lined irregular cavities or vugs most commonly found in granitic pegmatites, and also in a variety of igneous rocks. The central portions of pegmatites are often miarolitic as the pegmatite dike crystallizes from the outside walls toward the center. The volatile portion of the magma is gradually excluded from the forming crystal phases until it becomes trapped within the body and forms the cavities which often contain minerals of elements incompatible with the typical silicate granitic mineralogy.

The miarolitic cavities and miarolitic pegmatites are sources of rare and unusual minerals containing elements not found in abundance in normal igneous rocks. Minerals containing lithium, rubidium, beryllium, boron, niobium, tantalum, tin, bismuth, fluorine and other elements can be found.

The term miarolitic comes from the Italian miarolo in reference to a variety of granite, rich in cavities, from Baveno in northern Italy.
Henry Adams (mechanical engineer)
Henry Adams (February 11, 1858 – December 9, 1929) was an American mechanical engineer.  He emigrated at age 22 to Baltimore from Duisburg, Kingdom of Prussia, having been educated as a building engineer.  He later worked with the District of Columbia government buildings, and established a longstanding private practice in Baltimore, Maryland.

Building engineer
A building engineer is recognised as being expert in the use of technology for the design, construction, assessment and maintenance of the built environment. Commercial Building Engineers are concerned with the planning, design, construction, operation, renovation, and maintenance of buildings, as well as with their impacts on the surrounding environment.
2006 South Carolina state elections
The 2006 South Carolina State Elections took place on November 7, 2006, and included the gubernatorial election. All nine popularly elected constitutional officers were up for reelection, and all races except the Attorney General's were contested.  The entire South Carolina House of Representatives, one state senator and six state circuit solicitors were also up for election.  Several constitutional amendments were also on the ballot.

Filing for the major parties closed on March 28, 2006, and filing for minor parties closed on August 15. The primaries for both parties were held on June 13, and run-offs were held June 27.  All results are taken from the South Carolina Election Commission's official results. Percentages may not add up to 100 because of rounding.

Inez Tenenbaum
Inez Tenenbaum (née Moore; born March 8, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician who served as South Carolina Superintendent of Education and as chairperson of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. In 2016, she joined a law firm. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
Gereb May Zib'i
Gereb May Zib’i is a reservoir located in the  Kilte Awula’ilo woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built by the Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources, for purpose of livestock watering and human water consumption.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Palo Verde Valley
The Palo Verde Valley (Spanish: Valle de Palo Verde) is located in the Lower Colorado River Valley, next to the eastern border of Southern California with Arizona, United States.  It is located on the Colorado Desert within the Sonoran Desert south of the Parker Valley.  Most of the valley is in Riverside County, with the southern remainder in Imperial County. La Paz County borders to the east on the Colorado River.

The region is the ancestral home of several Native American tribes: the Quechan, the Chemehuevi and Matxalycadom or Halchidhoma, some who have Indian reservations in California and Arizona along the Colorado and Gila Rivers today.

Halchidhoma
The Halchidhoma (Maricopa: Xalychidom Piipaa or Xalychidom Piipaash – 'people who live toward the water') are a Native American tribe now living mostly on the Salt River reservation, but formerly native to the area along the lower Colorado River in California and Arizona when first contacted by Europeans. In the early nineteenth century, under pressure from their hostile Mohave and Quechan neighbors, they moved to the middle Gila River, where some merged with the Maricopa, and others went on to Salt River and maintained an independent identity.

The Halchidhoma currently speak the Maricopa language.
Glenburn, Pennsylvania
Glenburn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Glenburn Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 953 at the 2010 census. It is approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of downtown Scranton, in the growing suburban area known as the "Abingtons". Glenburn is located north of Clarks Summit and south of Dalton.

Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania
Clarks Summit is a borough in Lackawanna County, northwest of Scranton in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 5,108 at the 2020 census. It is also the northern control city of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Northeast Extension, I-476, though the official terminus is in adjacent South Abington Township.
Ramose
Ramose (Egyptian: rꜥ-ms(.w)) was an ancient Egyptian name, meaning "Ra is born". Variants of the name include Ramesses (Ramessu) and Paramessu; these various spellings could be used to refer to the same person.

Notable bearers of the name include:

Ramose, a son of Ahmose I

Ramose, the father of Senenmut, Hatshepsut's highest state official

Ramose, Amenhotep III's vizier (TT55)

Ramose, a general from Amarna (Tombs of the Nobles (Amarna))

Ramose, a general from the end of the 18th Dynasty, buried at Saqqara

Ramose, a scribe and artisan who lived during the reigns of Ramesses II

Senenmut
Senenmut (Ancient Egyptian: sn-n-mwt, sometimes spelled Senmut, Senemut, or Senmout) was an 18th Dynasty ancient Egyptian architect and government official. His name means "brother of Mut", but can also translate literally as "brother of the mother"; i.e. "uncle".
Cooper T38
The Cooper T38, also known as the Cooper-Jaguar, was a lightweight sports car designed and developed by Cooper Cars for motor racing in 1955. It was entered in the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, driven by Peter Whitehead and Graham Whitehead, but retired after only 3–4 hours due to engine problems and an oil leak. It did not score any wins in 1955, although it achieved one podium at the end of the season. Between 1956 and 1962, it scored nine wins and clinched 23 podium finishes, with six victories alone being achieved at the Silverstone and Goodwood Circuits. It was powered by the 250 hp (190 kW), 3.4-litre, XK engine, which was also used in many Jaguar sports cars.

Goodwood Circuit
Goodwood Circuit is a historic venue for both two- and four-wheeled motorsport in the United Kingdom. The 2.367-mile (3.809 km) circuit is situated near Chichester, West Sussex, close to the south coast of England, on the estate of Goodwood House, and completely encircles Chichester/Goodwood Airport. This is the racing circuit dating from 1948, not to be confused with the separate hillclimb course located at Goodwood House and first used in 1936.
Aphelion (software)
The Aphelion Imaging Software Suite is a software suite that includes three base products -  Aphelion Lab, Aphelion Dev, and Aphelion SDK for addressing image processing and image analysis applications. The suite also includes a set of extension programs to implement specific vertical applications that benefit from imaging techniques.

The Aphelion software products can be used to prototype and deploy applications, or can be integrated, in whole or in part, into a user's system as processing and visualization libraries whose components are available as both DLLs or .Net components.

Image analysis
Image analysis or imagery analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.

Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information.  On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers.  For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models.
Reed Pierce
Reed Pierce (born April 24, 1963, Jackson, Mississippi) is an American professional pool player.  Notable tournament wins include the 1995 US Open Nine-ball Championship, the 1998 Camel Tour Kasson Open, and the 1994 PBT Dallas Open.  He was selected to represent the U.S. twice in the Mosconi Cup, in 1997 and 1998.

Today, Reed Pierce and his brother, Ronnie, own an upscale billiards sports bar and restaurant, bearing Reed Pierce's name in Byram, Mississippi. 2018 the bar and grill has been closed. Inside the restaurant is an actual pool room named 9-Ball Lounge, and it has eight Diamond regulation-size pool tables.

Billiard room
A billiard room (also billiards room, or more specifically pool room, snooker room) is a recreation room, such as in a house or recreation center, with a billiards, pool or snooker table (The term "billiard room" or "pool room" may also be used for a business providing public billiards tables; see billiard hall.).

The billiard room may be in the public center of the house or the private areas of the house.

Billiard rooms require proper lighting and clearances for game playing. Although there are adjustable cue sticks on the market, 1.5 m (5 ft) of clearance around the pool table is ideal.

Interior designer Charlotte Moss believed that "a billiard room is synonymous with group dynamics. It's where you mix drinks and embark on a little friendly competition..."
Anthony Kituuka
Anthony Kituuka is a Ugandan accountant, business executive and banker. He is the managing director and chief executive officer of Equity Bank Uganda, a commercial bank in that country, effective November 2022.

From 2016 until 2022, he was the executive director of Equity Bank Uganda, under the leadership of his predecessor as CEO, Samuel Kirubi, a Kenyan national.

In November 2024 the Daily Monitor reported that he had given notice of his intention to resign from the Equity Bank Group, effective 1 March 2025.

Daily Monitor
The Daily Monitor is an independent daily newspaper in Uganda. Launched in 1992 as The Monitor, it established itself as a leading voice critical of the government and is one of the two largest national newspapers, alongside the state-owned New Vision.

The paper is published by Monitor Publications Limited, which is majority-owned by the Nairobi-based Nation Media Group (NMG).
Preconscious
In psychoanalysis, the preconscious is the locus preceding consciousness. Thoughts are preconscious when they are unconscious at a particular moment, but are not repressed. Therefore, preconscious thoughts  are available for recall and easily 'capable of becoming conscious'—a phrase attributed by Sigmund Freud to Josef Breuer.

Freud contrasted the preconscious (Pcs.; German: das Vorbewusste) to both the conscious (Cs.; das Bewusste) and the unconscious (Ucs.; das Unbewusste) in his topographical system of the mind.

The preconscious can also refer to information  available for cognitive processing but that currently lies outside conscious awareness. One of the most common forms of preconscious processing is priming. Other common forms of preconscious processing are tip of the tongue phenomena and blindsight.

Blindsight
Blindsight is the ability of people who are cortically blind to respond to visual stimuli that they do not consciously see due to lesions in the primary visual cortex, also known as the striate cortex or Brodmann Area 17. The term was coined by Lawrence Weiskrantz and his colleagues in a paper published in a 1974 issue of Brain. A previous paper studying the discriminatory capacity of a cortically blind patient was published in Nature in 1973.

The assumed existence of blindsight is controversial, with some arguing that it is merely degraded conscious vision.
Buffalo mozzarella
Buffalo mozzarella (Italian: mozzarella di bufala; Neapolitan: muzzarella 'e vufera) is a mozzarella made from the milk of the Italian Mediterranean buffalo. It is a dairy product traditionally manufactured in Campania, especially in the provinces of Caserta and Salerno.

Since 1996, mozzarella di bufala campana is also registered as an EU and UK protected designation of origin (PDO) product. The protected origin appellation requires that it may only be produced with a traditional recipe in select locations in the regions of Campania, Lazio, Apulia, and Molise.

Appellation
An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the ingredients of a food or beverage originated, most often used for the origin of wine grapes.  Restrictions other than geographical boundaries, such as what grapes may be grown, maximum grape yields, alcohol level, and other quality factors may also apply before an appellation name may legally appear on a wine bottle label. The rules that govern appellations are dependent on the country in which the wine was produced.
Doctor Glas (1968 film)
Doctor Glas (Danish: Doktor Glas) is a 1968 Danish drama film directed by Mai Zetterling, based on the novel of the same name. According to Fox records the film required $500,000 in rentals to break even and by 11 December 1970 had made $125,000 so made a loss to the studio. It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France. It is based on a 1905 novel Doctor Glas by Hjalmar Söderberg which had previously been made into a 1942 Swedish film of the same title.

Hjalmar Söderberg
Hjalmar Emil Fredrik Söderberg (2 July 1869 – 14 October 1941) was a Swedish novelist, short story writer, playwright and journalist. His works often deal with melancholy and lovelorn characters, and offer a rich portrayal of contemporary Stockholm through the eyes of the flaneur. Söderberg is regarded as one of the greatest writers in Swedish literature. His works are translated to more than twenty languages.
Verkh-Cherga
Verkh-Cherga (Russian: Верх-Черга; Altay: Јаан Чаргы, Ĵaan Çargı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shebalinsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 211 as of 2016. There are 4 streets.

Shebalinsky District
Shebalinsky District (Russian: Шебали́нский райо́н; Altay: Шабалин аймак, romanized: Şabalin aymak; Kazakh: Шибалы ауданы, Şibaly audany) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic. The area of the district is 3,794 square kilometers (1,465 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Shebalino. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 13,596, with the population of Shebalino accounting for 36.2% of that number.
Joseph Jamieson
Joseph Jamieson (March 15, 1839 – March 12, 1923) was a lawyer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Lanark North in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1891 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Sherbrooke, Lanark County, Upper Canada, the son of William Jamieson, an immigrant from Ireland, and was educated in Perth. In 1865, he married Elizabeth Carss. Jamieson was called to the Ontario bar in 1869. He served as reeve for Almonte, warden for Lanark County and chairman of the board of license commissioners for North Lanark. Jamieson ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in the 1878 federal election and an 1880 by-election. He resigned his seat in December 1891 after being named junior county judge for Wellington County.

Lanark County
Lanark County is a county and census division located in the Canadian province of Ontario. Its county seat is Perth, which was first settled in 1816 and was known as a social and political capital before being overshadowed by a city known today as Ottawa.

Most European settlements of the county began in 1816, when Drummond, Beckwith and Bathurst townships were named and initially surveyed. The first farm north of the Rideau was cleared and settled somewhat earlier, in 1790. The county took its name from the town of Lanark in Scotland. Nearly all the townships were named after British public and military figures from the era of early settlement.
Taohua Island
29°49′N 122°16′E﻿ / ﻿29.817°N 122.267°E﻿ / 29.817; 122.267

Taohua Island is one of the islands of the Zhoushan Archipelago. The island is under the administration of Putuo District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China.

The island is mentioned many times in Louis Cha's Condor Trilogy, therefore gaining its popularity.

Jin Yong
Louis Cha Leung-yung GBM OBE (Chinese: 查良鏞; 10 March 1924 – 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong (Chinese: 金庸), was a  Chinese-language wuxia novelist and co-founder of Ming Pao. Cha authored 15 novels between 1955 and 1972 and became one of the most popular Chinese writers of all time, with over 100 million copies sold globally—excluding widespread pirated editions. Cha's novels, which have been adapted into numerous TV dramas, films, and video games, are esteemed for their literary quality and universal appeal, resonating with both scholarly and popular audiences.