hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doppler optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique that displays images of the tissue by using the backscattered light.

Not only conserving the excellence of OCT, doppler optical coherence tomography also combines the doppler effect principle as a whole, which result in tomographic images with high resolution.

Spectrogram
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time. 
When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms are sometimes called sonographs, voiceprints, or voicegrams. When the data are represented in a 3D plot they may be called waterfall displays.

Spectrograms are used extensively in the fields of music, linguistics, sonar, radar, speech processing, seismology, ornithology, and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words phonetically, and to analyse the various calls of animals.

A spectrogram can be generated by an optical spectrometer, a bank of band-pass filters, by Fourier transform or by a wavelet transform (in which case it is also known as a scaleogram or scalogram).

A spectrogram is usually depicted as a heat map, i.e., as an image with the intensity shown by varying the colour or brightness.
Vunakapeake
Vunakapeake is a village located on the north coast of the Gazelle Peninsula on the island of New Britain,  East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. The village lies to the east of Lassul Bay and to the west of Ataliklikun Bay.

New Britain
New Britain (Tok Pisin: Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits) and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.  The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.

When the island was part of German New Guinea, its name was Neupommern ("New Pomerania").  In common with most of the Bismarcks it was largely formed by volcanic processes, and has active volcanoes including Ulawun (highest volcano nationally), Langila, the Garbuna Group, the Sulu Range, and the volcanoes Tavurvur and Vulcan of the Rabaul caldera. A major eruption of Tavurvur in 1994 destroyed the East New Britain provincial capital of Rabaul. Most of the town still lies under metres of ash, and the capital has been moved to nearby Kokopo.
Legermuseum
The Koninklijk Nederlands Legermuseum (Royal Dutch Army Museum) was the national museum of the Dutch Army. Until 2013, it was located in the Armamentarium in Delft. In 2013 it was merged with the Militaire Luchtvaartmuseum (Military Aviation Museum) and relocated to the former airbase at Soesterberg. The merged museum called the Militaire Luchtvaart Museum was opened on 13 May 2009.

Militaire Luchtvaart Museum
The Militaire Luchtvaart Museum was located at Camp Zeist, Netherlands, near the former Soesterberg Air Base. It was the official museum of the Royal Netherlands Air Force.

In 2006 the Ministry of Defence decided to merge three military museums in the Netherlands into the Nationaal Militair Museum, located at the former Soesterberg Air Base. The new museum opened in 2013.
Chain Bridge (Easton, Pennsylvania)
Chain Bridge or Change Bridge, also known as the Lehigh Canal Swinging Bridge and as Wire Towing Path at Pool No. 8, is a historic change bridge spanning the Lehigh River at Palmer Township and Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1856–1857, and consists of three stone piers and two spans.  Each pier is approximately 30 feet high.  In 1972, the bridge consisted of the piers and the cable.

The chain bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.  The NRHP listing included a 5-acre (2.0 ha) area.  It is included within a large historic district, Lehigh Canal: Eastern Section Glendon and Abbott Street Industrial Sites, which has numerous other structures and buildings, and which was listed on the NRHP in 1979.

Palmer Township, Pennsylvania
Palmer Township is a township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of Palmer Township was 22,317 at the 2020 census. It is the eight-largest municipality in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

Settled in 1740, Palmer Township is located along the Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the Delaware River. It is located 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Allentown, 51 miles (82 km) north of Philadelphia, and 66 miles (106 km) west of New York City.

Palmer Township is a part of the Greater Easton area, which includes the city of Easton, three townships (Forks, Palmer, and Williams), and three boroughs (Glendon, West Easton, and Wilson). The township is home to Easton Area High School, a large public high school.
Whisper X350 Generation II
The Whisper X350 Generation II is a South African amateur-built aircraft, designed in 2015 and produced by Whisper Aircraft of Mossel Bay. The aircraft was developed from the 2004-designed Whisper Aircraft Whisper motorglider. The X350 Generation II is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The X350 Generation II designation indicates a design top speed goal of 350 km/h (189 kn), with the larger engine fitted.

Mossel Bay
Mossel Bay (Afrikaans: Mosselbaai) is a harbour town of about 170,000 people on the Garden Route of South Africa. It is an important tourism and farming region of the Western Cape Province. Mossel Bay lies 400 kilometres east of the country's seat of parliament, Cape Town (which is also the capital city of the Western Cape), and 400 km west of Gqeberha, the largest city in the Eastern Cape. The older parts of the town occupy the north-facing side of the Cape St Blaize Peninsula, whilst the newer suburbs straddle the Peninsula and have spread eastwards along the sandy shore of the Bay.

The town's economy relied heavily on farming, fishing and its commercial harbour (the smallest in the Transnet Port Authority's stable of South African commercial harbours), until the 1969 discovery of natural offshore gas fields led to the development of the gas-to-liquids refinery operated by PetroSA. Tourism is another important driver of Mossel Bay's economy.
Federal Hocking High School
Federal Hocking High School (FHHS) is a public high school in Stewart, Ohio.  It is the only high school in the Federal Hocking Local School District. The school mascot is the Lancers.  The communities of Amesville and Coolville are served by the district.  These two communities have elementary schools.

Stewart, Ohio
Stewart is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in central Rome Township, Athens County, Ohio, United States. The population was 221 at the 2020 census. It has a post office with the ZIP code 45778.
Liana Gyurjyan
Liana Gyurjyan (born 13 June 2002) is an Armenian weightlifter. She is a two-time bronze medalist at the European Weightlifting Championships. She also won the gold medal in the women's 81 kg event at the 2021 Junior World Weightlifting Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

European Weightlifting Championships
European Weightlifting Championships is an annual event organised by the European Weightlifting Federation (EWF). It has been held since 1896. A separate event for women was held from 1988 to 1997, after which both championships have been held as one event.
1990 California Insurance Commissioner election
The 1990 California Insurance Commissioner election occurred on November 6, 1990, with the primary elections taking place on June 5, 1990. The Democratic nominee, John Garamendi, defeated the Republican nominee, Huntington Beach mayor Wes Bannister. Garamendi was the first person elected to the position of Insurance Commissioner due to the passage of Proposition 103 in 1988. Proposition 103 changed the Insurance Commissioner position from a governor-appointed position to an elected position.

California Insurance Commissioner
The California insurance commissioner has been an elected executive office position in California since 1991. Prior to that time, the insurance commissioner was appointed by the governor.  The officeholder is in charge of the California Department of Insurance.

The current insurance commissioner is Democrat Ricardo Lara.
Mucometrocolpos
Mucometrocolpos is the abnormal accumulation of genital secretions (mucus) that occur as a result of an imperforate hymen and the buildup of these secretions behind the hymen. The secretions originate from uterine and cervical glands. It is a rare, congenital condition and usually occurs independent of other abnormal structures though inheritance can play a part in its occurrence. It also occurs with McKusick–Kaufman syndrome (MKS). Polydactyly and heart disease are associated with this condition. Diagnosis is challenging because symptoms also occur in a variety of other syndromes. Secretions can build up and extend as far as the uterus and abdomen. Mucometrocolpos can sometimes cause abdominal distention. The build up of mucous secretions can occur prior to adolescence unrelated to menstruation. Many cases can be detected prenatally. Treatment is surgical and is specific for each case. After treatment, many females are still able to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term.

McKusick–Kaufman syndrome
McKusick–Kaufman syndrome (MKS) is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations in the MKKS gene, which affect how cells develop and function. It is named after Dr. Robert L. Kaufman and Victor McKusick, who studied the condition and helped identify key features.

MKS can be difficult to recognize in infancy because it resembles Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS). While MKS mainly causes extra fingers or toes (postaxial polydactyly), fluid buildup in the vagina (hydrometrocolpos), and heart defects, BBS has more severe symptoms such as vision loss and obesity that usually appear later in life.

MKS is most common in the Old Order Amish population, where it affects about 1 in 10,000 people. The syndrome was first discovered in this group through a genetic method called positional cloning, which helped scientists identify the MKKS gene as the cause of this condition. Its prevalence outside the Amish population remains unknown.
Necdet Öztorun
Necdet Öztorun (1924, Konya – 7 October 2010, Ankara) was a Turkish general. He was Commander of the First Army of Turkey (1983 – 1984) and then Commander of the Turkish Army (1985 – 1987).

Öztorun graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1943 and the Turkish Military College in 1959. He retired in 1987.

Turkish Military Academy
The Turkish Military Academy (Turkish: Kara Harp Okulu) or as it is known historically and popularly Harbiye is a four-year co-educational military academy and part of the National Defense University. It is located in the center of Ankara, Turkey. Its mission is to develop cadets mentally and physically for service as commissioned officers in the Turkish Army, and it is the oldest of the academies of the Armed Forces, opened in 1834.

After the 2016 coup d'état attempt, the Military Academy, together with the Turkish Naval Academy, the Turkish Air Force Academy, and other military educational institutions, was incorporated into the National Defense University, which was established under the Ministry of National Defense.
O'Chiese First Nation
The O'Chiese First Nation (/oʊˈtʃiːz/) is a Saulteaux First Nation in Alberta, Canada. The First Nation's homeland is the 14,131.9 ha (34,921-acre) O'Chiese 203 Indian reserve, approximately 52 km northwest of Rocky Mountain House. Also reserved is the O'Chiese Cemetery 203A. As of November 2013, the First Nation had a population of 1,250 registered people, of which the on-reserve population was 831 people. The primary language spoken on the reserve is Western Ojibwa. Though the ancestors of O'Chiese First Nation made the area about the Baptiste River their winter camp site where they hunted moose and deer, and trapped small game for the fur trade, they also migrated in the summer as far south as the Milk River in what is now Montana.

Milk River (Alberta–Montana)
Milk River is a tributary of the Missouri River, 729 miles (1,173 km) long, in the U.S. state of Montana and the Canadian province of Alberta. Rising in the Rocky Mountains, the river drains a sparsely populated, semi-arid watershed of 23,800 square miles (62,000 km2), ending just east of Fort Peck, Montana.
The Year of the Rat (short story)
"The Year of the Rat" (Chinese: 鼠年; pinyin: shǔnián) is a science-fiction short story by Chinese writer Chen Qiufan, first published in Chinese in Science Fiction World in May 2006 and in English in Clarkesworld in August 2011. The short story also appeared in the anthologies A Hint of the Alien: The Year’s Best Weird Fiction, Volume One, edited by Michael Kelly and Laird Barron, in 2014 as well as Invisible Planets, edited by Ken Liu, in 2016.

Laird Barron
Laird Samuel Barron (born March 5, 1970) is an American author and poet, much of whose work falls within the horror, noir, or horror noir and dark fantasy genres.  He has also been the managing editor of the online literary magazine Melic Review. He lives in Upstate New York.
Speak No Evil (2024 film)
Speak No Evil is a 2024 American psychological horror thriller film written and directed by James Watkins. A remake of the 2022 Danish-Dutch film of the same name, the film stars James McAvoy, Mackenzie Davis, Aisling Franciosi, Alix West Lefler, Dan Hough, and Scoot McNairy. Its plot follows an American family who are invited to stay at a remote farmhouse of a British couple for the weekend: the hosts soon test the limits of their guests as the situation escalates. Jason Blum serves as a producer through his Blumhouse Productions banner.

Speak No Evil premiered at the DGA Theater in New York City on September 9, 2024, and was released in the United States by Universal Pictures on September 13. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $77 million worldwide with a budget of $15 million.

Psychological horror
Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction with a particular focus on mental, emotional, and psychological states to frighten, disturb, or unsettle its audience. The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller, and often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable, unreliable, or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense, horror, drama, tension, and paranoia of the setting and plot and to provide an overall creepy, unpleasant, unsettling, or distressing atmosphere.
Individual dressage at the 2015 European Dressage Championships
The individual dressage at the 2015 European Dressage Championships in Aachen, Germany was held at Stade Michel d'Ornano from 12 to 16 August.

Great Britain's Charlotte Dujardin won gold medal in both Grand Prix Special and Grand Prix Freestyle, repeating her success from 2013 European Dressage Championship held in Herning, Denmark. Kristina Bröring-Sprehe representing the host nation Germany won a silver medal in both Grand Prix Freestyle and Grand Prix Special. Hans Peter Minderhoud of Netherlands won a bronze in special, his first ever individual championship medal while Spain's Beatriz Ferrer-Salat won a bronze in freestyle, the first medal for Spain since 2005.

Beatriz Ferrer-Salat
Beatriz Ferrer-Salat Serra de Migui (born March 11, 1966) is an equestrian from Spain who competes internationally in the sport of dressage. She won two Olympic medals, a silver and a bronze, at the 2004 Games, and also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, 2000 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics. She began riding in international competitions in 1995, and has since competed in the 2002 World Equestrian Games, winning individual silver and team bronze, and in several European Dressage Championships, where she has won several additional individual and team medals. Based in Spain, Ferrer-Salat continues to compete internationally, as well as acting as the chair of the board for the Spanish Dressage Riders Club.
Großer Mittelberg (Lonau)
The Großer Mittelberg (the short form Mittelberg is also common) is a ridge in the Harz Mountains of Germany that begins immediately northeast of Lonau in the district of Göttingen in Lower Saxony. It separates the valley of Kirchtal, through which the Große Lonau flows, from the Mariental and the Kleine Lonau. is Although it is the nearest subpeak to the village of Lonau, the Großer Mittelberg is, at 531 metres, not the highest point, but may be viewed as a main summit due to its prominent location. From here on, the ridge only climbs gently in a northeasterly direction and has several more subpeaks with small wind gaps. To the north the Großer Mittelberg transitions to the ridge of  Auf dem Acker without any noticeable wind gap.

The Großer Mittelberg is almost entirely covered in beech woods and lies within the Harz National Park.

Göttingen (district)
Göttingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœtɪŋən] ⓘ) is a district (German: Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Northeim and Goslar, and by the states of Thuringia (district of Eichsfeld) and Hesse (districts of Werra-Meißner and Kassel, and the district-free city of Kassel). The capital is the university city of Göttingen.
Folk Time
Folk Time is an album by the Hart Valley Drifters, an American folk music band.  It was recorded in 1962 at the studios of KZSU, a radio station at Stanford University.  It was released by ATO Records on November 11, 2016.

The Hart Valley Drifters were part of the American folk music revival of the 1960s.  The band included Jerry Garcia (who three years later would co-found the rock band the Grateful Dead), Robert Hunter (who would write the lyrics to many Grateful Dead songs), and David Nelson (who, with John Dawson and Garcia, would co-found the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage).

John Dawson (musician)
John Collins Dawson IV (June 16, 1945 – July 21, 2009), nicknamed "Marmaduke", was an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He was best known as the leader and co-founder of the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. He sang lead vocals on most of the band's songs.
Yuraccacsa (Arequipa)
Yuraccacsa or Yuraccasa (possibly from Quechua yuraq white, q'asa mountain pass, "white mountain pass") is a 5,465-metre-high (17,930 ft) mountain in the west of the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, on the border of the districts Chachas and Choco. Yuraccacsa lies south of Chila, the highest mountain in the range, and Choquepirhua, southeast of Asnohuañusja and northeast of a lake named Cochapunco (possibly from Quechua for "lake reservoir") and the peaks of Cerani and Casiri.

Department of Arequipa
Arequipa (Quechua: Ariqipa) is a department of Peru. Located to the country's southwest, it is the sixth largest department in Peru, after Puno, Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, its sixth most populous department, and its eleventh least densely populated department. It is bordered by the departments of Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac and Cuzco to the north, Puno to the east, the Department of Moquegua to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital, also called Arequipa, is Peru's second-largest city.
George D. Zamka
George David "Zambo" Zamka (born June 29, 1962) is a former NASA astronaut and United States Marine Corps pilot with over 3500 flight hours in more than 30 different aircraft. Zamka piloted the Space Shuttle Discovery in its October 2007 mission to the International Space Station and served as the commander of mission STS-130 in February 2010.

STS-120
STS-120 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) that launched on October 23, 2007, from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The mission is also referred to as ISS-10A by the ISS program. STS-120 delivered the Harmony module and reconfigured a portion of the station in preparation for future assembly missions. STS-120 was flown by Space Shuttle Discovery, and was the twenty-third Space Shuttle mission to the ISS. It was Discovery's 34th flight.
William Doyle (historian)
William Doyle FBA (born 1942) is a British historian, specialising in 18th-century France, who is most notable for his one-volume Oxford History of the French Revolution (1st edition, 1989; 2nd edition, 2002; 3rd edition, 2018).

He is one of the leading revisionist historians of the French Revolution, obtaining his doctorate from the University of Oxford with his thesis The parlementaires of Bordeaux at the end of the eighteenth century, 1775–1790.

He is also professor emeritus of history at Bristol University, a fellow of the British Academy and a trustee of The Society for the Study of French History.

The Society for the Study of French History
The Society for the Study of French History (SSFH) is a society in the United Kingdom established to promote research in French history.

The society was founded in 1986 by Richard Bonney and granted charitable status in 1992.

It publishes the journal French History and holds an annual conference.

The society's trustees are Daniel Power, Penny Roberts, David Andress, Munro Price, and Jackie Clarke.
1992 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1992 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Wildcat Mountain Ski Area in Jackson, New Hampshire as the 39th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom and cross-country skiing in the United States.

Vermont, coached by Chip LaCasse, claimed their fourth overall team championship and third as a co-ed team.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
John Oliver Udal
John Oliver Udal (1926 – 12 September 2022) was an officer in the Irish Guards who served in Mandatory Palestine.  He was then a district commissioner in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.  He was responsible for the Shilluk Kingdom and was privileged to witness the coronation ceremony for Reth Kur Wad Fafiti in Fashoda in 1952.

Udal was the grandson of John Symonds Udal.  He was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford.

He was a councillor for Kensington South on the London County Council from 1961 to 1965.  He started a career as a shipbroker in 1966.  He was then an alderman on the Greater London Council from 1967 to 1973.

Udal died on 12 September 2022, at the age of 96.

John Udal (judge)
John Symonds Udal (10 November 1848 in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England – 13 March 1925 in London) was an English-born cricketer, antiquarian, author, lawyer and judge. He represented the Fiji national cricket team. He also held government office in Fiji for many years, serving as Attorney-General from 1889 to 1899. He later served as Chief Justice of the Leeward Islands (1900 - 1911).