hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zone plate
A zone plate is a device used to focus light or other things exhibiting wave character.  Unlike lenses or curved mirrors, zone plates use diffraction instead of refraction or reflection.  Based on analysis by French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, they are sometimes called Fresnel zone plates in his honor. The zone plate's focusing ability is an extension of the Arago spot phenomenon caused by diffraction from an opaque disc.

A zone plate consists of a set of concentric rings, known as Fresnel zones, which alternate between being opaque and transparent. Light hitting the zone plate will diffract around the opaque zones. The zones can be spaced so that the diffracted light constructively interferes at the desired focus, creating an image there.

Curved mirror
A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be either convex (bulging outward) or concave (recessed inward). Most curved mirrors have surfaces that are shaped like part of a sphere, but other shapes are sometimes used in optical devices. The most common non-spherical type are parabolic reflectors, found in optical devices such as reflecting telescopes that need to image distant objects, since spherical mirror systems, like spherical lenses, suffer from spherical aberration. Distorting mirrors are used for entertainment. They have convex and concave regions that produce deliberately distorted images. They also provide highly magnified or highly diminished (smaller) images when the object is placed at certain distances. Convex mirrors are often used for security and safety in shops and parking lots.
Alstom Metropolis 98B
Alstom Metropolis 98B is an electric multiple unit produced by the French conglomerate Alstom and operated by the Warsaw Metro as their third-generation of rolling stock. Between 2000 and 2002, and again between 2004 and 2005, a total of 108 carriages were constructed at the manufacturer’s plants in Barcelona and Chorzów, forming 18 six-car trains.

Current collector
A current collector (often called a "pickup") is a device used in trolleybuses, trams, electric locomotives and EMUs to carry electric power (current) from overhead lines, electric third rails, or ground-level power supplies to the electrical equipment of the vehicles. Those for overhead wires are roof-mounted devices, those for rails are mounted on the bogies.

Typically, electric current connectors have one or more spring-loaded arms that press a collector or contact shoe against the rail or overhead wire.  As the vehicle moves, the contact shoe slides along the wire or rail to draw the electricity needed to run the vehicle's motor.

The current collector arms are electrically conductive but mounted insulated on the vehicle's roof, side or base.  An insulated cable connects the collector with the switch, transformer or motor. The steel rails of the tracks act as the electrical return.
Júlio Costamilan
Júlio Costamilan (1 July 1934 – 9 December 2024) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician. A member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, he served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1991 and served on the Brazilian Constituent Assembly from 1987 to 1988.

Costamilan died in Caxias do Sul on 9 December 2024, at the age of 90.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Dale Baynes
Dale Baynes (born 29 November 1980) is a former Australian rules footballer who played one game for Collingwood in the Australian Football League in 2000.  Originally from Geraldton, Western Australia he was recruited from East Fremantle in the West Australian Football League with the 75th selection in the 1999 AFL draft.

He currently plays for Towns Football Club in the Great Northern Football League and has represented Western Australia in the National Country Football Championships.

Geraldton
Geraldton (/ˈd͡ʒɛɹəltən/, JER-əl-tən; Wajarri: Jambinu, Wilunyu: Jambinbirri) is a coastal city in the Mid West region of Western Australia, 424 kilometres (263 mi) north of the state capital, Perth.

As of the 2021 census, Geraldton had an urban population of 38,595. Geraldton is the seat of government for the City of Greater Geraldton, which also incorporates the town of Mullewa, Walkaway and large rural areas previously forming the shires of Greenough and Mullewa.

The Port of Geraldton is a major west coast seaport. Geraldton is an important service and logistics centre for regional mining, fishing, wheat, sheep and tourism industries.
António Aires Rodrigues
António Jorge Oliveira Aires Rodrigues is a Portuguese militant worker and politician born in Alfarelos on 21 August 1945.

During May 68, he lived in exile in Paris, where he was a worker at the Renault factory, having taken part in the uprising and the occupation of the House of Portugal together with Fernando Pereira Marques and Vasco de Castro.

A member of the PS party in 1974, he was a member of the Constituent Assembly elected by Leiria.

In 1977, breaking with Mário Soares's Political Commission, he was expelled from the PS party, becoming an independent legislator.

He founded the Workers' Party of Socialist Unity (POUS) with Carmelinda Pereira, of trotskyist and lambertist inspiration.

In the 1980 Portuguese presidential election he was the POUS party candidate for President of Portugal, obtaining a total of 12,745 votes.

Leiria
Leiria (European Portuguese pronunciation: [lɐjˈɾi.ɐ] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Central Region of Portugal. It is the 2nd largest city in that same region, after Coimbra, with a municipality population of 128,640 (as of 2021) in an area of 565.09 square kilometres (218.18 sq mi). It is the seat of its own district and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leiria-Fátima. The city is part of the historical province of Beira Litoral.
Aleksandra Jerkov
Aleksandra Jerkov (Serbian Cyrillic: Александра Јерков; born September 22, 1982) is a politician in Serbia. She has served in the National Assembly of Serbia on an almost uninterrupted basis since 2007, originally as a member of the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina (LSV) and since 2014 as a member of the Democratic Party.

League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina
The League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina (Serbian: Лига социјалдемократа Војводине, romanized: Liga socijaldemokrata Vojvodine, abbr. LSV) is an autonomist political party in Serbia. Its current leader is Bojan Kostreš, who succeeded Nenad Čanak. They're colloquially known as ligaši (Leaguemen).
Hawaii 2
Hawaii 2 (previously Birch Island) is a six-acre (2.4 ha) private island in St. George Lake, Liberty, Maine, United States.  Previously used as de facto public land, in 2014 the island was purchased by Cards Against Humanity LLC as part of a fundraiser for the Sunlight Foundation.  After licensing the island for use by those who contributed to the campaign, the town of Liberty threatened the games company with hundreds of millions in fines for code violations.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
Oroquieta
Oroquieta, officially the City of Oroquieta (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Oroquieta; Tagalog: Lungsod ng Oroquieta), is a component city and capital of the province of Misamis Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 71,373 people.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
WBTI
WBTI is a Hot AC radio station licensed to Lexington, Michigan at 96.9 MHz on the FM dial, with an  effective radiated power of 3,000 watts. WBTI covers Sanilac County, Michigan and Lambton County, Ontario as well as portions of Lapeer and St. Clair counties. The station is owned by Radio First and broadcasts from studios on  Huron Avenue in Downtown Port Huron.

WBTI's transmitter is located south of Lexington off Gardener Line Road in Sanilac County. WBTI provides a rimshot signal to most of Port Huron, Marysville, and Sarnia, Ontario.

Lapeer County, Michigan
Lapeer County (/ləˈpɪər/ lə-PEER) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 88,619. The county seat is Lapeer. The county was created on September 18, 1822, and was fully organized on February 2, 1835. The name is a corruption of the French la pierre, which means "the stone". Lapeer County is located north of Detroit and east of Flint.
San Lorenzo District, Panama
San Lorenzo District (Spanish pronunciation: [san loˈɾenso]) is a district (distrito) of Chiriquí Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 6,498. The district covers a total area of 738 km2. The capital lies at the city of Horconcitos.

2000 Panamanian census
The 2000 Panamanian census gathered important demographic and economic data for the Panama. It was the tenth national census of population and sixth of housing. It was conducted on May 14, 2000, by the Republic of Panama General Directorate of Statistics and Census.
U.S. Post Office – Caldwell Main
The U.S. Post Office-Caldwell Main in Caldwell, Idaho, is a one-story, Classical revival building constructed of brick with a sandstone foundation and terracotta decorations. Established in 1932, the Post Office features a marble entry flanked by terracotta pilasters below a leaded glass fan window. The design is credited to James A. Wetmore, acting supervising architect for the U.S. Treasury. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

The building was constructed by contractor H.J. McNeal, and original dimensions were 69 feet by 74 feet. A 66-foot lawn separated the Post Office from the adjacent Elks Temple on Arthur Street. In 1965 the building was remodeled, and the Post Office expanded to include the former lawn area.

James A. Wetmore
James Alfonso Wetmore (November 1863 – March 14, 1940) was an American lawyer and administrator, best known as the Acting Supervising Architect of the U.S. Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department from 1915 through 1933.

Wetmore is frequently and incorrectly described as the "architect" of the many federal buildings that bear his name. He was a long-time civil servant in the Treasury Department, and was not a professional architect. As Supervising Architect, he managed a staff of nearly 1700 architects and draftsmen who designed at least 2000 federal government buildings, including courthouses and post offices.
Enderta (woreda)
Enderta (Tigrinya: እንደርታ; also transliterated as ʾƎndärta) is one of the woredas in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It was named for the former Enderta province, which was later merged into Tigray Province. Located in the Debub Misraqawi (Southeastern) Zone at the eastern edge of the Ethiopian Highlands Enderta is bordered on the south by Hintalo Wajirat, on the west by Samre, on the northwest by the Mehakelegnaw (Central) Zone, on the north by the Misraqawi (Eastern) Zone, and on the east by the Afar Region; the city and special zone of Mek'ele is an enclave within Enderta. Towns in Enderta include Aynalem and Qwiha; the historic village of Chalacot is also located in this woreda.

At least one monolithic church is located in this woreda: a dedication to Mikael in the village of Zahero, which lies in the eastern part.

Central Zone, Tigray
The Central Zone (Tigrinya: ዞባ ማእከላይ, romanized: Zobā Māʼékalāy) is a zone in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Towns and cities in the Central Zone include Axum and Adwa, as well as the historically significant village of Yeha and the town of Tembien Abiyi Adi. The Central Zone is bordered on the east by the Eastern Zone, on the south by South Eastern Zone, on the west by North Western Zone and on the north by Eritrea.
2007 Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic – Doubles
The  doubles Tournament at the 2007 Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic took place between 10 and 16 December on outdoor hard courts in Bali, Indonesia. Ji Chunmei and Sun Shengnan won the title, defeating Jill Craybas and Natalie Grandin in the final.

Ji Chunmei
Ji Chunmei (Chinese: 季春美; pinyin: Jì Chūnměi; Mandarin pronunciation: [tɕî ʈʂʰwə́n mèɪ]; born February 14, 1986) is a former professional Chinese tennis player.

Her highest WTA singles ranking is 352, which she reached on 10 May 2010. Her career-high in doubles is 61, which she reached on 12 May 2008.
Tarebia granifera
Tarebia granifera, common name (in the aquarium industry) the quilted melania, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Thiaridae.

This snail is native to south-eastern Asia, but it has become established as an invasive species in multiple other areas.

Caribbean Journal of Science
The Caribbean Journal of Science is a biannual peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal publishing articles, research notes, and book reviews related to science in the Caribbean, with an emphasis on botany, zoology, ecology, conservation biology, geology, archaeology, and paleontology. The journal was established in 1961 with the sponsorship of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez.
Élie de Rothschild
Élie Robert de Rothschild (29 May 1917 – 6 August 2007) was the guardian of the French branch of the Rothschild family banking dynasty. He followed his father as a partner in the family bank, de Rothschild Frères, and ran the Château Lafite-Rothschild premier cru claret vineyard from 1946 to 1974.

Banque Rothschild
The Banque Rothschild, formally known as de Rothschild Frères (lit. 'Rothschild Brothers') until 1967, was the family-controlled bank of the Rothschild banking family of France. It was established in 1817, expropriated by Vichy France in 1940, returned to the Rothschilds after the liberation of France in 1944, and nationalized in 1982 after which it operated under the name of its subsidiary Compagnie Européenne de Banque (lit. 'European Banking Company') and was eventually sold in 1991 to Barclays. It played a major role in French financial development in the 19th century, and remained significant for much of the 20th century.
Joseph Cabi ben Simon
Joseph Cabi ben Simon was a Herodian-era High Priest of Israel in Jerusalem, Iudaea Province, appointed (and deposed) by Herod Agrippa II.

... the king [Agrippa] . . . gave the high priesthood to Joseph, who was called Cabi, the son of Simon, formerly high priest. And now Caesar, upon hearing the death of Festus, sent Albinus into Judea, as procurator. But the king deprived Joseph of the high priesthood, and bestowed the succession to that dignity on the son of Ananus, who was also himself called Ananus.

Herod Agrippa II
Herod Agrippa II (Roman name: Marcus Julius Agrippa, Hebrew: אגריפס; AD 27/28 – c. 92 or 100), sometimes shortened to Agrippa II or Agrippa, was the last ruler from the Herodian dynasty, reigning over territories outside of Judea as a Roman client. Agrippa II fled Jerusalem in 66, fearing the Jewish uprising, and he supported the Roman side in the First Jewish–Roman War.
Markus Leoson
Markus Leoson, born 1970 in Linköping, Sweden, is a percussionist, cimbalom player and pedagogue.

Markus Leoson began 1986 at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm. In 1990 he was taken on
as a percussionist with the Royal Opera Orchestra and was employed there as solo timpanist three
years later. In between he was solo timpanist at the Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra. After his first
prize at the Swedish Soloist Prize 1995 his solo career accelerated with engagements with several
European orchestras, recitals and CD-recordings. 2008 he was appointed professor at the FRANZ
LISZT Hochschule für Musik in Weimar, Germany. He has premiered around 60 pieces by international composers of which most
of them were dedicated to him.

Linköping
Linköping (/ˈlɪnʃəpɪŋ/ ⓘ LIN-shə-ping, Swedish: [ˈlɪ̂nːˌɕøːpɪŋ] ⓘ) is a city in southern Sweden, with around 167,000 inhabitants as of 2024. It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County. Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping (Church of Sweden) and is well known for its cathedral. Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987. Dominating the city's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral (Domkyrkan).

Nowadays, Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry. Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plans to become a carbon-neutral community by 2025. Located on the Östergötland Plain, Linköping is closely linked to Norrköping, roughly 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the east, near the sea.
Dhank Caves
The Dhank Caves are located near Dhank village near Upleta, Rajkot district, Gujarat, India. They were chiseled out of a calcareous sandstone outcropping during the regime of the Western Satraps. The caves are influenced by Buddhist and Jain cultures. The Jain cave includes figures of Adinath, Shantinath and Pārśva. These are considered to be the earliest Jain sculptures in Kathiawad.

Rajkot district
Rajkot district is one of the 33 districts of the Indian state of Gujarat. Located in Saurashtra peninsula, Rajkot city is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is the third-most advanced and the fourth-most populous district in Gujarat.

This district is surrounded by Morbi district in north, Surendranagar and Botad districts in east, Amreli and Junagadh districts in south and Porbandar and Jamnagar districts in west. The district occupies an area of 11203 km2.
Warwick Bridge
Warwick Bridge is a village in the Cumberland district of the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. It forms part of a small urban area which includes the villages of Corby Hill and Little Corby. In 2011 it had a population of 1264.

Warwick Bridge lies within the civil parish of Wetheral though Corby Hill and Little Corby are in Hayton parish. Until 1974 it was in the county of Cumberland. From 1974 to 2023 it was in Carlisle district.

Warwick Bridge is located on the River Eden and the A69 road, near the River Irthing. It is five miles east of the city of Carlisle and four miles from the town of Brampton. The bridge on the Eden, which gave the village its name, was built from 1833 to 1835 by Francis Giles.

The village has a post office in Corby Hill, a Co-operative Food store and 2 churches, one being Our Lady & St Wilfrid's Church and the other St Paul's Holme Eden. There are two large mansion houses near or in the village, Warwick Hall  and Holme Eden Hall built in 1837.

River Eden, Cumbria
The River Eden is a river that flows through Cumbria, England. It rises on Black Fell Moss, near the village of Outhgill, and runs in a generally north-westerly direction through the Vale of Eden and Solway Plain before reaching the sea at the Solway Firth.
Marske, west North Yorkshire
Marske is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England in lower Swaledale on the boundary of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, 5 miles (8 km) west of Richmond. At the 2011 Census, the population of the parish, including New Forest, was 127. It includes the hamlets of Applegarth, Clints, Feldom and Skelton.

Yorkshire Dales National Park
The Yorkshire Dales National Park is a 2,178 km2 (841 sq mi) national park in England which covers most of the Yorkshire Dales, the Howgill Fells, and the Orton Fells. The Nidderdale area of the Yorkshire Dales is not within the national park, and has instead been designated a national landscape. Most of the park is within North Yorkshire, with a sizeable area in Cumbria and a small part in Lancashire. The park was designated in 1954, and extended in 2016. More than 95% of the land in the park is privately owned; there are over 1,000 farms in this area.

In 2020, the national park was named an International Dark Sky Reserve. This means that the area has "low levels of light pollution with good conditions for astronomy".

As of 2017, some 23,500 residents live within the park boundary; a 2018 report estimated that the park attracted more than four million visitors per year. The economy consists primarily of tourism and agriculture.
Bengbu Rail Transit
Bengbu Rail Transit (Chinese: 蚌埠轨道交通; Chinese: 蚌埠軌道交通; pinyin: Bèngbù Guǐdào Jiāotōng) is a rapid transit monorail system and a tram system under construction and planned in Bengbu, Anhui, China. It will connect the urban area of Bengbu with Huaiyuan and Fengyang counties, which are under Bengbu and Chuzhou's administration, respectively. According to the plan, it will be constructed in three phases. Once completed it will have a total length of 187.3 km (116.4 mi) on 6 lines. In 2020, the draft of the standard of the tram was published.

Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.
WaveLab
WaveLab is a digital audio editor and recording computer software application for Windows and macOS, created by Steinberg. WaveLab was started in 1995 and it is mainly the work of one programmer, Philippe Goutier.

Audio can be edited as a single file, a series of files or a multitrack "montage". It fully supports VST 2 and 3 plugins for audio processing. Cut-down versions of WaveLab are available as WaveLab Elements and WaveLab LE.

Audio signal processing
Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves—longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or sound power level is typically measured in decibels.  As audio signals may be represented in either digital or analog format, processing may occur in either domain.  Analog processors operate directly on the electrical signal, while digital processors operate mathematically on its digital representation.