hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proper length
Proper length or rest length is the length of an object in the object's rest frame.

The measurement of lengths is more complicated in the theory of relativity than in classical mechanics.  In classical mechanics, lengths are measured based on the assumption that the locations of all points involved are measured simultaneously. But in the theory of relativity, the notion of simultaneity is dependent on the observer.

A different term, proper distance, provides an invariant measure whose value is the same for all observers.

Proper distance is analogous to proper time. The difference is that the proper distance is defined between two spacelike-separated events (or along a spacelike path), while the proper time is defined between two timelike-separated events (or along a timelike path).

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.
Chris Timberlake
Chris Timberlake (born April 28, 1985) is a Filipino-American former basketball player who last played for the Blackwater Elite of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was selected 7th overall in the 2009 PBA draft by the Barangay Ginebra Kings.

2009 PBA draft
The 2009 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) rookie draft was an event at which teams drafted players from the amateur ranks. The event was held at Market! Market! in Taguig on August 2, 2009. The Burger King Whoppers selected Japeth Aguilar of the Ateneo de Manila University and Western Kentucky University as the number one draft pick. Players applied for the draft had undergone a three-day rookie camp. 
This is the only draft wherein a draft pick held by a defunct franchise was not retained by a new team which purchased that franchise
(the second overall pick originally held by Shell was not inherited by Rain or Shine).
John L. Williams (Welsh nationalist)
John Lasarus Williams (29 October 1924 – 15 June 2004), known as John L, was a Welsh nationalist activist.

Williams was born in Llangoed on Anglesey, but lived most of his life in nearby Llanfairpwllgwyngyll.  In his youth, he was a keen footballer, and he also worked as a teacher.  His activism started when he campaigned against the refusal of Brewer Spinks, an employer in Blaenau Ffestiniog, to permit his staff to speak Welsh.  This inspired him to become a founder of Undeb y Gymraeg Fyw, and through this organisation was the main organiser of Sioe Gymraeg y Borth (the Welsh show for Menai Bridge using the colloquial form of its Welsh name).

Williams also joined Plaid Cymru.  He was a long-serving councillor on Gwynedd County Council, and was twice the party's candidate for Anglesey, at the 1970 and 1979 general elections.

Williams later worked at Bangor Normal College, lecturing in Welsh.  He wrote a number of books, on history, the Welsh language, and also his autobiography.

Blaenau Ffestiniog
Blaenau Ffestiniog (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈbleɨ̯naɨ̯ fɛstˈɪnjɔɡ]) is a town in Gwynedd, Wales. Once a slate mining centre in historic Merionethshire, it now relies heavily on tourism, drawn to the Ffestiniog Railway and Llechwedd Slate Caverns. It reached a population of 12,000 at the peak development of the slate industry, but fell with the decline in demand for slate. The population of the community, including the nearby village Llan Ffestiniog, was 4,875 at the 2011 census: the fourth most populous in Gwynedd after Bangor, Caernarfon and Llandeiniolen. The population, not including Llan, is now only about 4,000.
Gray-Brownlow-Wilcox House
Gray-Brownlow-Wilcox House, also known as La Vallee, is a historic plantation house located at Aurelian Springs, Halifax County, North Carolina. It was built about 1820, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, three-bay, Federal-style frame dwelling.  It has a temple-form and pedimented gable front facade. Located behind the house is a 1+1⁄2-story frame building that housed Brownlow's Female Academy from about 1833 to 1851.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Polydistortion
Polydistortion is the second studio album by Icelandic electronic music band GusGus. The album was released on 7 April 1997 on 4AD, serving as their first release on the label. The songs "Why?" and the band's cover of Slowblow's "Is Jesus Your Pal?" feature Emilíana Torrini on vocals. Most of the material on the album had previously been released independently, as the album GusGus in 1995.

As of March 1999, the album has sold 40,000 copies in United States and worldwide sales stand at over 150,000 copies.

Slowblow
Slowblow is an Icelandic musical duo consisting of Orri Jónsson and Dagur Kári Pétursson, formed in the early 1990s. Their music is an aesthetic of home-made, lo-fi analog tinkerings, which often slips into both electronic and folksy terrain. They began recording in the mid-1990s and have made several albums together.  They created the soundtrack for the successful independent Icelandic movie Nói Albínói (e. Noi the Albino), which Dagur directed. They have worked with other Icelandic artists such as former Múm band member Kristín Anna Valtýsdóttir, who provided vocals on the band's self-titled 2004 album, and Emilíana Torrini. In 2009 the duo provided the music to the film The Good Heart. They have released albums under the Reykjavík based record labels Smekkleysa, Kitchen Motors, and Mobile / Plug.
Algebra bundle
In mathematics, an algebra bundle is a fiber bundle whose fibers are algebras and local trivializations respect the algebra structure. It follows that the transition functions are algebra isomorphisms. Since algebras are also vector spaces, every algebra bundle is a vector bundle.

Examples include the tensor-algebra bundle, exterior bundle, and symmetric bundle associated to a given vector bundle, as well as the Clifford bundle associated to any Riemannian vector bundle.

Atlas (topology)
In mathematics, particularly topology, an atlas is a concept used to describe a manifold. An atlas consists of individual charts that, roughly speaking, describe individual regions of the manifold. In general, the notion of atlas underlies the formal definition of a manifold and related structures such as vector bundles and other fiber bundles.
Genius 2000
Genius 2000 is the fourth studio album by Japanese recording artist Namie Amuro, released on January 26, 2000, through Avex Trax. The album was released three years after her last album, Concentration 20 (1997), and was produced by Tetsuya Komuro and Dallas Austin, marking her first collaboration with an American producer, the album spawned four singles: "I Have Never Seen", "Respect the Power of Love", "Something 'Bout the Kiss" and "Love 2000".

Upon its release, Genius 2000 debuted at number one on the Oricon Weekly Albums Chart with 536,000 copies sold. It became her fourth studio album and fifth overall to top the chart, but had the lowest first week sales of her career at the time. The album has sold over 800,000 copies and has been certified 2× Platinum by the RIAJ in February 2000. Only 11 months after the album's release, Amuro released her fifth studio album, Break the Rules.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
Stare Miasto, Konin County
Stare Miasto (Polish pronunciation: [ˈstarɛ ˈmjastɔ]) is a village in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Stare Miasto. The village has an approximate population of 1,500.

Konin County
Konin County (Polish: powiat koniński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Konin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Golina, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Konin, Kleczew, 19 km (12 mi) north of Konin, Sompolno, 27 km (17 mi) north-east of Konin, Ślesin, 17 km (11 mi) north of Konin, and Rychwał, 18 km (11 mi) south of Konin.

The county covers an area of 1,578.71 square kilometres (609.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 123,646, out of which the population of Golina is 4,330, that of Kleczew is 4,173, that of Sompolno is 3,695, that of Ślesin is 3,102, that of Rychwał is 2,377, and the rural population is 105,969.
Francisco Javier Balmaseda
Francisco Javier Balmaseda Jullien (March 31, 1823 – February 17, 1907) was a Cuban writer.

Francisco Javier Balmaseda was born on March 31, 1823 in San Juan de los Remedios, Villa Clara, Cuba. In 1846 he published, at Havana, Rimas Cubanas and in 1861, Fábulas Morales.  Some years later he published the novel Misterios de una Cabaña, a work on political economy, and another on agriculture. In 1869 Balmaseda was banished and sent to Fernando Po with many other revolutionists, and in 1871 he published a narrative under the title of Los Confinados á Fernando Po.  Francisco Javier Balmaseda died on 17 February 1907.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1891). "BALMASEDA, Francisco J.". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.

James Grant Wilson
James Grant Wilson (April 28, 1832 – February 1, 1914) was an American editor, author, bookseller and publisher, who founded the Chicago Record in 1857, the first literary paper in that region. During the American Civil War, he served as a colonel in the Union Army. In recognition of his service, in 1867, he was named brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from March 13, 1865. He settled in New York, where he edited biographies and histories, was a public speaker, and served as president of the Society of American Authors and the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society.
Tony Slattery
Tony Declan James Slattery (9 November 1959 – 14 January 2025) was an English actor and comedian. He appeared on British television regularly from the mid-1980s, including as a regular on the Channel 4 improvisation show Whose Line Is It Anyway?.  His serious and comedic film work included roles in The Crying Game, Peter's Friends and How to Get Ahead in Advertising.

How to Get Ahead in Advertising
How to Get Ahead in Advertising is a 1989 British black comedy fantasy film written and directed by Bruce Robinson, and starring Richard E. Grant and Rachel Ward.

In the film, an advertising executive has a nervous breakdown and finds himself concerned with the ethics of his profession. As a result, a talking boil grows on his shoulder, a manifestation of the cynical and unscrupulous side of his personality.
Dare Ajiboye
Dare Ajiboye is an author, and was a former chief executive officer, and a former general secretary of the Bible Society of Nigeria.
Dr. Dare Ajiboye is a past General Secretary/Chief Executive Officer of The BS Nigeria, having retired from the Society on June 30, 2021, due to his clocking of the mandatory retirement age of 55.

Speaking at the sendoff party organized in his honour in Lagos, Nigeria, on Wednesday, June 30, 2021, former President Olusegun Obasanjo, who was the father of the day at the event, described  Ajiboye as the epitome of excellence and very passionate about the Bible cause. 
The Director-General, United Bible Societies, the global fellowship of Bible Societies, Mike Perreau, showered encomium on Dr Ajiboye for giving 26 years of his adult life to the Bible cause. He added that he did not only make an impact in BS Nigeria but also gave enviable leadership to the Societies in Sub-Saharan Africa.

United Bible Societies
The United Bible Societies (UBS) is a global fellowship of around 150 Bible societies operating in more than 240 countries and territories. It has working hubs in England, Singapore and Nairobi. The headquarters are located in Swindon, England.
Aguas Buenas Cave System
The Aguas Buenas Cave System (Spanish: Sistema de cuevas y cavernas de Aguas Buenas) is a cave system located in the municipality of Aguas Buenas. The caves and their surrounding forest area are protected by the almost 1,800-acre Aguas Buenas Cave and Caverns System Nature Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural Sistema de Cuevas y Cavernas de Aguas Buenas) since 2002, which also extends to the municipalities of Caguas and Cidra. The reserve is important for the number of bat species found in the system, some of which are endangered (Mormoops blanvillei, Monophyllus redmani and Pteronotus portoricensis). In addition to being an important bat preserve, the nature reserve protects an important hydrological basin which is the source of a number of rivers and creeks that form part of the Loíza River basin.

Cidra, Puerto Rico
Cidra (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsiðɾa]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the central region of the island, north of Cayey; south of Comerío and Aguas Buenas; east of Aibonito and Barranquitas; and west of Caguas. Cidra is spread over 12 barrios and Cidra Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cidra is known as "El Pueblo de la Eterna Primavera" ("Town of the Eternal Spring") and "El Pueblo de la Paloma Sabanera" ("Town of the Plain Pigeon").
Marianna Alexandre
Marianna Vianna Alexandre (born 6 March 2001), professionally credited as Marianna Alexandre (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [maˈɾjɐnɐ aˌleksˈɐ̃dɾi]), is a Brazilian actress, voice actress, singer, songwriter and digital influencer. She provides the Brazilian Portuguese voice of the title character, Wednesday Addams, in the Netflix series Wednesday, originally portrayed by American actress Jenna Ortega.

In 2021, she won the Prêmio Contigo! Online in the category of Revelação da TV (TV Breakthrough) for her role as Amarilis in the Brazilian soap opera Gênesis, produced by Record.

Bizaardvark
Bizaardvark is an American comedy television series created by Kyle Stegina and Josh Lehrman that premiered on Disney Channel on June 24, 2016. The series ran for three seasons consisting of 63 episodes, airing its final episode on April 13, 2019. The series stars Madison Hu, Olivia Rodrigo, Jake Paul, DeVore Ledridge, Ethan Wacker, Maxwell Simkins, and Elie Samouhi. In addition to the series' regular episodes, the series has aired shorts under the title of Bizaardvark Shorts.
George Makris
George Makris (August 29, 1920 – October 16, 2005) was an American football coach.  He served as the 18th head coach at Temple University in Philadelphia.  He held that position for ten seasons, from 1960 until 1969, compiling a record of was 45–44–4.  He came to Temple after coaching the Bolling Air Force Base team. He succeeded Peter P. Stevens who was winless in his last season.

Makris coached Bill Cosby during his tenure at Temple, a fact that is alluded to in Cosby's skit "Hofstra" on the 1965 comedy album Why Is There Air?

Makris played at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as a guard. He died in 2005 at his home in Medford Lakes, New Jersey.

Why Is There Air?
Why Is There Air? (1965) is Bill Cosby's third album. It was recorded at the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. It won the 1966 Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.

The final track, "Hofstra", is an expanded re-telling of the "TV Football" routine from Cosby's second album, I Started Out as a Child. "I played for Temple University, and it's the truth," he says at the start of the routine. "Don't keep asking me, 'Did you really play?' Yes, I really played. At one time I had a beautiful body."
Alex Weir (footballer, born 1916)
Alexander Weir (20 October 1916 – 10 January 2003) was a Scottish professional footballer born in Bathgate, who played as a striker.

He represented Preston North End, Waterford United, Shelbourne, Glenavon, Ballymena United, Glentoran, Hartlepools United, Middlesbrough, Millwall, Tranmere Rovers, Watford, Northampton Town and Margate.

After his playing career, he became manager of Margate, FC Bern, Burma, Hayes, Letchworth Town, Valur, Iceland, Hendon, Hayes and St Albans City.

Letchworth F.C.
Letchworth F.C. was a football club based at Baldock Road, Letchworth in Hertfordshire, England, that resigned from the Spartan South Midlands League and folded in 2002.  Originally known as Letchworth Athletic and Letchworth Town, they changed their name to Letchworth Garden City in 1976, before becoming just Letchworth in 1995.
Hanne Nissen
Hanne Nissen  (born 21 November 1970) is a Danish footballer who played as a forward for the Denmark women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup and UEFA Women's Euro 1993. At the club level, she played for Odense BK in Denmark.

UEFA Women's Euro 1993
The 1993 UEFA Women's Championship, commonly referred to as the 1993 Women's Euros or just the 1993 Euros, was a football tournament that happened between 1991 and 1993 (with the qualifying round). The final games was held in Italy. The UEFA Women's Championship is a regular tournament involving European national teams from countries affiliated to UEFA, the European governing body, who have qualified for the competition. The competition aims to determine which national women's team is the best in Europe.

Norway won the competition against Italy who played at home in the final. This would be the last tournament not won by Germany until 2017.
Laura Freele Osborn
Laura A. Freele Osborn (1866–1955) was a suffragist, campaigner for school reform, and long-serving member of the School Board for Detroit Public Schools in Detroit, Michigan during the early half of the 20th century.

Detroit Public Schools Community District
Detroit Public Schools Community District (DPSCD) is a public school district that serves Detroit, Michigan, and high school students in Highland Park, Michigan. The district, which replaced the original Detroit Public Schools (DPS) in 2016, provides services to approximately 50,000 students, making it the largest school district in the state.  The district has its headquarters in the Fisher Building of the New Center area of Detroit.

The school district has experienced extensive financial difficulties over a series of years. From 1999 to 2005, and from 2009 to the reorganization in 2016, the district was overseen by a succession of state-appointed emergency financial managers.
Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's African Qualifiers – Group 3
The 1960 Summer Olympics football qualification – Africa Group 3 was one of the three African groups in the Summer Olympics football qualification tournament to decide which teams would qualify for the Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics finals tournament in Italy. Group 3 consisted of three teams: Ethiopia, Sudan and Uganda. The teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners, Sudan, qualified for the second round.

Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The football tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics was held from 26 August to 10 September in 1960 throughout Italy. The tournament featured 16 men's national teams from four continental confederations. Starting with this edition, the competition's format was changed: rather than a knockout tournament like in the previous Olympic Games, the 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament, in a similar format to that instituted in the 1958 FIFA World Cup, which persists to the present day. At the end of the group stage, the first-ranked teams of each group advanced to the semi-finals, and culminating with the gold medal match in Rome on 10 September 1960.
Chadwell St Mary
Chadwell St Mary is an area of the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) east of the centre of Grays, its post town, and 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Tilbury. At the 2021 census the Chadwell St Mary built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 10,685.

Chadwell St Mary, historically sometimes just called Chadwell, was an ancient parish. The parish included both Chadwell St Mary itself and the area to the south where the port town of Tilbury developed from the 19th century. In 1912, the parish became the Tilbury Urban District. That urban district and the civil parish of Chadwell St Mary were abolished in 1936 on the creation of the larger Thurrock Urban District, which in turn became the modern borough of Thurrock in 1974. Chadwell St Mary remains the name of one of Thurrock's Church of England parishes.

Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within their areas, or perform additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by multiple tiers of local government.

Typically, unitary authorities cover towns or cities that are large enough to function independently of a council or other authority. An authority can be a unit of a county or combined authority.
1972 Cleveland Classic
The 1972 Cleveland Classic, also known as the Cleveland  WCT, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the World Championship Tennis (WCT) circuit. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from August 7 through August 13, 1972 at Public Hall in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Sixth-seeded Mark Cox won the singles title and earned $10,000 first-prize money after defeating Ray Ruffels in the final.

Public Auditorium
Public Auditorium is a multi-purpose performing arts, entertainment, sports, and exposition facility located in the civic center district of downtown Cleveland. The building features two large performance spaces: the 10,000-capacity Public Hall and the 2,800-seat Music Hall, which share a common stage. In addition, the facility also includes the 603-seat Little Theater along with several conference and meeting rooms. Since 2024, Public Hall serves as the home arena to the Cleveland Charge of the NBA G League. Although Public Auditorium was planned and funded prior to World War I, construction did not begin until 1920, and the building did not open until 1922. Designed by city architect J. Harold McDowell and Frank Walker of Walker and Weeks in a neoclassical style matching the other Group Plan buildings, it was the largest of its kind when opened, then seating 11,500.