hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gornje Impolje
Gornje Impolje (pronounced [ˈɡoːɾnjɛ ˈimːpɔljɛ]; in older sources also Gorenje Impole, German: Oberimpelhof) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Sevnica in central Slovenia. It lies in the Sava Hills (Slovene: Posavsko hribovje) above the right bank of the Sava River in the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Sevnica
The Municipality of Sevnica (Slovene: Občina Sevnica) is a municipality along the Sava and the Mirna Rivers in southeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Sevnica. Today it is part of the Lower Sava Statistical Region. It is the 12th-largest municipality by area in Slovenia.
Christopher Morphew
Christopher Clark Morphew (/ˈmɔːrfjuː/; born 1967) is an American academic and the current dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Education, a position he assumed on August 1, 2017.

He has held leadership positions in the Association for the Study of Higher Education and American Educational Research Association. His work has been published in many journals, such as The Review of Higher Education, Research in Higher Education, The Journal of Higher Education, Educational Finance, Higher Education Policy, and Studies in Higher Education. He has presented his work in more than two dozen different countries. His work has been funded by the National Science Foundation, Lumina Foundation, Norges forskningsråd and the Ford Foundation.

American Educational Research Association
The American Educational Research Association (AERA, /ˈɛərə/, AIR-ə) is a professional organization representing education researchers in the United States and around the world.

Founded in 1916, the organization represents a range of disciplines, including education, psychology, statistics, sociology, history, economics, philosophy, anthropology, and political science.

AERA has 25,000 members, including scientists, teachers, students, administrators, representatives of state and local agencies, counselors, and evaluators.

AERA's mission is to advance knowledge about education and promote the use of research in educational practices both nationally and abroad.
South African Constitution of 1961
The Constitution of 1961 (formally the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961) was the fundamental law of South Africa for two decades. Under the terms of the constitution South Africa ceased to be a Commonwealth realm and became a republic, albeit, temporarily, outside the Commonwealth of Nations from 1961 to 1994.

Legally, the Union of South Africa, which had existed since 1910, came to an end and was re-established as the "Republic of South Africa".

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Battle of Loigny–Poupry
The Battle of Loigny–Lumeau-Poupry was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War. It took place on 2 December 1870 during the Loire Campaign on a frontline between Loigny, Lumeau and Poupry. During the battle, the Royal Bavarian 10th Infantry Regiment, "King Ludwig" had to evade the attacking French. During operations following the recapture of Orléans in early December 1870, German forces secured their flanks while preparing for renewed fighting along the Loire, culminating in the Battle of Beaugency on 8–9 December.

After the Battle of Villepion, an army detachment (Armee-Abteilung) under the command of Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, engaged the French Army of the Loire and defeated them.The French force was led by General Antoine Chanzy (16th corps d'armée), supported in the afternoon by General Gaston de Sonis (17th corps d'armée).

The next day, the Second Battle of Orléans (1870) began.

Royal Bavarian 10th Infantry Regiment, "King Ludwig"
The Royal Bavarian 10th Infantry Regiment, "King Ludwig" was an infantry regiment of the Royal Bavarian Army, which later became a part of the Imperial German Army. The regiment was in existence from its establishment in 1682 until its dissolution in 1918 following the end of the First World War.
Sparky's Dream
"Sparky's Dream" is a song recorded by Scottish rock band Teenage Fanclub. The song was released on 22 May 1995 through Creation Records, as the lead single from the band's fifth studio album Grand Prix. The song was sung by its author and bassist Gerard Love rather than the usual lead singer Norman Blake.

The song peaked at number 40 on the UK Singles Chart. The song has widely been considered among the group's best.

Creation Records
Creation Records Ltd. was a British independent record label founded in 1983 by Alan McGee, Dick Green, and Joe Foster. Its name came from the 1960s band The Creation, whom McGee greatly admired. The label ceased operations in 1999, although it was revived at one point in 2011 for the release of the compilation album Upside Down.

Over the course of its sixteen-year history, Creation predominantly focused on alternative rock, releasing several influential indie rock, shoegaze, and Britpop records, but also featured bands performing various other styles of rock, including indie pop and post-punk, as well as some electronic, folk, and experimental artists. Their roster has included The Jesus and Mary Chain, Primal Scream, Felt, My Bloody Valentine, and Oasis.
Colias electo
Colias electo, the African clouded yellow or lucerne butterfly, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in eastern and southern Africa, as well as Arabia. The habitat consists of temperate and montane grasslands.

The wingspan is 35–40 millimetres (1.4–1.6 in) for males and 32–40 mm (1.3–1.6 in) for females. Adults are on the wing throughout the year, with a peak from April to August.

The larvae feed on Medicago sativa, Trifolium, Vicia and Robinia pseudoacacia.

Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known as black locust, is a medium-sized hardwood deciduous tree, belonging to the tribe Robinieae of the legume family. Another common name is false acacia, a literal translation of the specific name (pseudo [Greek ψευδο-] meaning fake or false and acacia referring to the genus of plants with the same name).

Although fossilized traces of the genus were found in Europe, the species itself is native to a few small areas of the United States, but has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere, including temperate North America, Eurasia, and Africa. It is considered an invasive species in some regions.
Kim Won-jin (fencer)
Kim Won-jin (born August 24, 1984, Seoul) is a South Korean épée fencer who coaches at the Seoul Physical Education High School. Kim Won-jin has placed in the top eight at many international events, winning both the Asian Games and Asian Championships twice. He won the 2006 Asian Games in the men's individual épée. He says the inspirational figure in his life is Shim Jae-sung, another South Korean épéeist.

He fences left-handed and is 1.78 metres (5 ft 10 in) tall.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
House of Talovac
The House of Talovac (Croatian: Talovci; Hungarian: Tallóci) was a Croatian noble family, descending from the island of Korčula and reaching its peak in the 15th century in the Kingdom of Croatia, at that time in personal union with Hungary. The members of the family rose to high state, church or military offices, such as Ban (Viceroy) of Croatia and Dalmatia as well as Ban of Whole Slavonia, royal court chamberlain, bishop, župan and others.

Archdiocese of Zagreb
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Zagreb (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Zagrebiensis; Croatian: Zagrebačka nadbiskupija i metropolija) is the central Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia, centered in the capital city Zagreb. It is the metropolitan see of Croatia, and the present archbishop is Dražen Kutleša.
It encompasses the northwestern continental areas of Croatia.
Nalšia
Nalšia or Nalšėnai (sometimes Nalsen, Nalse) was an ancient land in the early stages of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It is mentioned in written sources from 1229 to 1298. The references to it cease as it was fully incorporated into the Grand Duchy. While it is known that it was on the north-eastern border of Lithuania proper, the exact location is unknown and is debated among historians. It is believed that Nalšia was between Livonia and the Duchy of Lithuania and bordered Deltuva. Towns of Švenčionys and Utena are often identified as the most prominent settlements in the land. Several dukes of Nalšia are known. The most prominent of them was Daumantas of Pskov. Others were Lengvenis, nephew of Mindaugas, Suksė (Suxe), who defected to the Teutonic Knights, and Gerdenis, rival to Daumantas.

Duchy of Lithuania
The Duchy of Lithuania (Latin: Ducatus Lithuaniae; Lithuanian: Lietuvos kunigaikštystė) was a state-territorial formation of ethnic Lithuanians that existed from the 13th century to 1413. For most of its existence, it was a constituent part and a nucleus of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Other alternative names of the territorial formation, used in different periods, were Aukštaitija or Land of Lithuania (13th century), Duchy of Vilnius (14th – early 15th centuries), Lithuania proper, or simply Lithuania (in a narrow sense).
Lisey's Story
Lisey's Story is a psychological horror romance novel by American writer Stephen King. The novel was released on October 24, 2006. It won the 2006 Bram Stoker Award for Best Novel, and was nominated for the World Fantasy Award in 2007. An early excerpt from the novel, a short story titled "Lisey and the Madman", was published in McSweeney’s Enchanted Chamber of Astonishing Stories (2004), and was nominated for the 2004 Bram Stoker Award for Best Long Fiction. King has stated that this is his favorite of the novels he has written.

The genesis for Lisey's Story was an incident in 2003, when King came down with double pneumonia; while he was in the hospital, his wife Tabitha decided to redesign his studio. Coming home from the hospital and seeing his books and belongings in boxes, King saw an image of what his studio would look like after his death.

McSweeney's
McSweeney's Publishing is an American nonprofit publishing house founded by Dave Eggers in 1998 and headquartered in San Francisco. The executive director is Amanda Uhle.

McSweeney's first publication was the literary journal Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern in 1998. Since then, the company has published novels, books of poetry, and other periodicals.
Byambyn Tüvshinbat
Byambyn Tüvshinbat (Mongolian: Бямбын Түвшинбат; born 27 March 1987 in Ulaanbaatar) is a Mongolian boxer. He competed in the 2007 and 2011 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships (winning silver in 2007 and bronze in 2011), the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games, the 2006 World University Boxing Championship and the Shaheed Benazir Bhutto International Boxing Tournament (where he won the Men's Light Welterweight tournament, defeating Mashhurbek Ruziyev of Uzbekistan). Tüvshinbat represented Mongolia in the Men's welterweight event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and defeated Gabonese Yannick Mitoumba in the first round but lost to Frenchman Alexis Vastine in the second round then in the 2016 Summer Olympics, beating Alberto Palmetta of Argentina in the first round and losing by split decision to Steven Donnelly in his second match.

2007 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships
The 24th edition of the Men's Asian Amateur Boxing Championships were held from June 4 to June 10, 2007 at Bökhiin Örgöö in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. About 140 athletes from 20 countries and regions competed for the 11 champions during seven days.
Cat's Eye (cocktail)
The Cat's Eye is a classic gin-based cocktail that appears in The Savoy Cocktail Book. It's made with lemonade, cointreau, vermouth and a splash of kirsch. The original recipe is intended for a 6 person batch. Another version of the drink is made with gin, vermouth and chartreuse, garnished with orange peel.

The name has come to be used for unrelated cocktails such as one made with pisco, passion fruit purée and orange juice. Another version, described as "one of the holy grails of contemporary bartending", replaced the pisco with tequila.

Pisco
Pisco is a colorless or yellowish-to-amber-colored spirit produced in winemaking regions of Peru and Chile. Made by distilling fermented grape juice into a high-proof spirit, it was developed by 16th-century Spanish settlers as an alternative to orujo, a pomace brandy that was being imported from Spain.  It had the advantages of being produced from abundant domestically grown fruit and reducing the volume of alcoholic beverages transported to remote locations.
Pierre Langlois (politician)
Pierre Langlois (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ lɑ̃ɡlwa]; June 14, 1750 – January 2, 1830) was a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Dorchester in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1808 to 1814.

He was born in Saint-Laurent on the île d'Orléans, the son of Jean Langlois and Éléonore Nolin. His father was captured at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham and sent to England where he later died. He was in business at Quebec City. Langlois was an unsuccessful candidate for the Buckingham seat in 1795. He did not run for reelection to the assembly in 1814. Langlois died in Quebec City at the age of 79.

Île d'Orléans
Île d'Orléans (French pronunciation: [il dɔʁleɑ̃]; English: Island of Orleans) is an island located in the Saint Lawrence River about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of downtown Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It was one of the first parts of the province to be colonized by the French, and a large percentage of French Canadians can trace ancestry to early residents of the island.  The island has been described as the "microcosm of traditional Quebec and as the birthplace of francophones in North America."

It has about 7,000 inhabitants, spread over six villages.

The island is accessible from the mainland via the Île d'Orléans Bridge from Beauport. Route 368 is the sole provincial route on the island, which crosses the bridge and circles the perimeter of the island. At the village of Sainte-Pétronille toward the western end of the island, a viewpoint overlooks the impressive Chute Montmorency (Montmorency Falls), as well as a panorama of the St. Lawrence River and Quebec City.
Jajangmyeon
Jajangmyeon (Korean: 자장면) or jjajangmyeon (짜장면) is a Korean Chinese noodle dish topped with a thick sauce made of chunjang, diced pork, and vegetables. It is a variation of the Chinese dish zhajiangmian; it developed in the late 19th century, during the Joseon period, when Chinese migrant workers from Shandong arrived in Incheon. The Korean variant of the dish uses a darker and sweeter sauce than the Chinese version. Variants of the dish use seafood, or other meats.

Squid as food
Squid is eaten in many cuisines; in English, the culinary name calamari is often used for squid dishes. There are many ways to prepare and cook squid. Fried squid is common in the Mediterranean.  In New Zealand, Australia, the United States, Canada, and South Africa, it is sold in fish and chip shops and in steakhouses. In Britain, it can be found in Mediterranean "calamari" or Asian "salt and pepper fried squid" forms in various establishments, often served as a bar snack, street food, or starter.

Squid can be prepared for consumption in a number of other ways. In Korea and Japan, it is sometimes served raw, and elsewhere it is used as sushi, sashimi and tempura items, grilled, stuffed, covered in batter, stewed in gravy and served in stir-fries, rice, and noodle dishes. Dried shredded squid is a common snack in some Asian regions, including East Asia.
Grace Lee (politician)
Grace Lee (born 1982/1983) is an American politician and businesswoman serving as a member of the New York State Assembly for the 65th district. Elected in November 2022, she assumed office on January 1, 2023. She is the first Korean American woman elected to New York State government.

2022 New York State Assembly election
The 2022 New York State Assembly election was held on November 8, 2022. Elections were held to elect representatives from all 150 districts across the State of New York. This election coincided with New York elections for the governorship, U.S. Senate, and state senate, among others. Districts for this election were redrawn following the 2020 United States census. Democrats had held a majority in the New York State Assembly since 1975.
Sager Creek
Sager Creek is a 13.4-mile-long (21.6 km) creek that runs through downtown Siloam Springs, Arkansas, in the United States. It is a tributary of Flint Creek that flows to the Illinois River, which in turn flows to the Arkansas River and thus is part of the Mississippi River watershed. Sager Creek is named after Simon Sager, who is largely thought to be the founder of Siloam Springs.

Flint Creek (Arkansas/Oklahoma)
Flint Creek is a stream that forms in Arkansas and flows generally southwest into Oklahoma.  It originates around Springtown, Arkansas, and is impounded at Siloam Springs Lake, north of Siloam Springs, Arkansas, before crossing the Oklahoma border.  The creek eventually flows into the Illinois River on the eastern boundary of the town of Flint Creek, Oklahoma.   Normally the creek is crystal clear and flows year-round.
Palkonya
Palkonya (German: Palkan; Croatian: Plakinja or Palkonija) is a village in Baranya County, Hungary. This village was once settled by Turks in Hungary until 1699 and the church was once a mosque. Until the end of World War II, the majority of the inhabitants was Danube Swabian, also called locally as Stifolder, because their ancestors arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries from Fulda (district).  Most of the former German settlers were expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, consequent to the Potsdam Agreement.
Only a few Germans of Hungary live there, the majority today are the descendants of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange. They got the houses of the former Danube Swabian inhabitants.

Fulda (district)
The Fulda District (German: Landkreis Fulda; German pronunciation: [ˈfʊlda]) is a Kreis (district) in the north-east of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Wartburgkreis, Schmalkalden-Meiningen, Rhön-Grabfeld, Bad Kissingen, Main-Kinzig, Vogelsbergkreis.
VSTa
Valencia's Simple Tasker (VSTa) is an operating system with a microkernel architecture, with all device drivers and file systems residing in userspace mode. It mostly complies with the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), except where such compliance interferes with extensibility and modularity. It is conceptually inspired by QNX and Plan 9 from Bell Labs. Written by Andy Valencia, and released under a GNU General Public License (GPL). As of 2020, the licensing for VSTa is Copyleft.

It was originally written to run on Intel 80386 hardware, and then was ported to several different platforms, e.g., Motorola 68030 based Amigas.

VSTa is no longer developed. A fork, named Flexible Microkernel Infrastructure/Operating System (FMI/OS), did not make a release.

Porting
In software development, porting is the process of adapting software to run in a different context. Often it involves modifying source code so that a program can run on a different platform (i.e. on a different CPU or operating system) or in a different environment (i.e. with a different library or framework). It also describes adapting a change or feature from one codebase to another – even between different versions of the same software.

Software is classified as portable if it can be hosted in a different context with no change to the source code. It might be considered portable if the cost of adapting it to a context is significantly less than the cost of writing it from scratch. The lower the cost of porting relative to the cost to re-write, the more portable it is said to be. The effort depends on several factors including the extent to which the original context differs from the new context, the skill of the programmers, and the portability of the codebase.
Seven-layer salad
Seven-layer salad is an American dish that includes a colorful combination of seven layers of ingredients: iceberg lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, sweet peas, hard-boiled eggs, sharp cheddar cheese, and bacon pieces. The salad is topped with a mayonnaise-based dressing and sometimes sour cream is added. It is often served in a glass bowl or large pan so the layers can be observed. The dish is often associated with potlucks, picnics, and barbecues, where a large gathering of people takes place and many people need to be fed. There are many variants of the seven-layer salad and it can be made with additional (or sometimes fewer) layers, making it (for example) an eight-layer salad instead.

Potluck
Potlucks are events in which attendees each bring a dish of food to be shared, including salads, mains, and desserts. Potlucks are organized among members of communities, organisations, or by individuals at their homes. Their structure departs from most other dining events, with socializing influenced by the absence of any host preparing food. Sociologist Alice Julier identifies the key themes of the potluck as abundance, uncertainty as to what will be served, and variety, which may cause consternation in cultures with opposing values around entertaining guests.

Events organized in a potluck format have existed in various cultures, but the dominant modern form emerged in North America from earlier practices wherein guests tried their luck with what a host was cooking in a pot. Over the following centuries, the potluck became a tool employed by organizations for fundraising and in the mid-20th century as a key outlet for socializing.