hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bismutite
Bismutite or bismuthite is a bismuth carbonate mineral with formula Bi2(CO3)O2 (bismuth subcarbonate). Bismutite occurs as an oxidation product of other bismuth minerals such as bismuthinite and native bismuth in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and typically occurs as earthy to fibrous masses.

It was first described in 1841 for an occurrence in Saxony.

The term bismuthite has been used in the past for bismuthinite.

Hydrothermal circulation
Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, water, and θέρμη, heat ). Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust. In general, this occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the shallow to mid crust along deeply penetrating fault irregularities or in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism. Hydrothermal circulation often results in hydrothermal mineral deposits.
Salvin
Salvin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Salvin (1799–1881), English architect

Anthony Salvin (academic), Master of University College, Oxford (1557–58)

Francis Henry Salvin (1817–1904), English hunter and writer

Osbert Salvin FRS (1835–1898), English naturalist, best known for co-authoring Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915)

Richard Salvin, Master of University College, Oxford (1547–51)

Anthony Salvin
Anthony Salvin (17 October 1799 – 17 December 1881) was an English architect. He gained a reputation as an expert on medieval buildings and applied this expertise to his new buildings and his restorations, such as those of the Tower of London and Windsor Castle. He restored castles and country houses, and built a number of new houses and churches.
Fuji Yusui no Sato Aquarium
Fuji Yusui no Sato Aquarium(山梨県立富士湧水の里水族館) or Fuji Spring Water Aquarium　is a prefectural public aquarium specializing in freshwater fish, located in Oshino-mura, Minami-tsuru-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture.  It is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA).

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
2011 Nicky Rackard Cup
The 2011 Nicky Rackard Cup is the seventh season of the Nicky Rackard Cup since its establishment in 2005.  A total of six teams will contest the Nicky Rackard Cup, including five sides from the 2010 Nicky Rackard Cup and one promoted team from the 2010 Lory Meagher Cup.  The teams are:

Fingal

Monaghan

London

Roscommon

Sligo

Louth

2010 Lory Meagher Cup
The 2010 Lory Meagher Cup is the second edition of the Lory Meagher Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2009 and is the fourth-tier of Hurling for senior county teams (the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship is the first-tier trophy). It is contested by eight GAA county teams ranked 30–36 in the 2010 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.

The teams competing were Cavan, Donegal, Fermanagh, Leitrim, Longford, South Down, and Warwickshire. The 2009 champions, Tyrone were promoted to the 2010 Nicky Rackard Cup, and did not have the opportunity to defend their title. Due to a disagreement over promotion and relegation from the All-Ireland series, no team was relegated from the 2009 Nicky Rackard Cup for the 2010 season.
MV Alstertor
MV Alstertor was a refrigerated cargo ship built in 1938 for Anders Jahres Rederi A/S of Sandefjord, Norway by Oresundsvarvet, Landskrona, Sweden as MV Rose. In 1939 a German ship-owning firm, Rob. M. Sloman, bought her to transport fruit between Santos, Brazil and Hamburg. In 1940 the Kriegsmarine requisitioned her and converted her into a support ship for naval operations in the Atlantic.

Reefer ship
A refrigerated cargo ship, also known as a reefer ship, is a refrigerated cargo ship typically used to transport perishable cargo, which require temperature-controlled handling, such as fruits, meat, vegetables, dairy products, and similar items.
KUVN-DT
KUVN-DT (channel 23) is a television station licensed to Garland, Texas, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language Univision network to the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside UniMás outlet KSTR-DT (channel 49). The two stations share studios at the Univision Tower on Bryan Street in downtown Dallas; KUVN-DT's transmitter is located in Cedar Hill, Texas.

Cedar Hill, Texas
Cedar Hill is a city in Dallas and Ellis counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located approximately 16 miles (26 km) southwest of downtown Dallas and is situated along the eastern shore of Joe Pool Lake and Cedar Hill State Park. Per the 2020 United States census, the population was 49,148. Cedar Hill is a suburb of the city of Dallas and is part of the Best Southwest area, which includes the nearby cities of DeSoto, Duncanville, and Lancaster.

Early in its history, Cedar Hill lay along a branch of the Chisholm Trail and served as the temporary county seat of Dallas County. In 1856, a tornado swept through the town, killing nine people and destroying most of its buildings. The seat of the county was moved to Dallas not long after.
North Zulch
North Zulch is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Texas, United States, at the intersection of Farm to Market Road 39 and State Highway 21. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) from the Navasota River and 13 miles (21 km) west of Madisonville in west-central Madison County.

North Zulch has a post office using the ZIP code 77872.

Madisonville, Texas
Madisonville is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,420 at the 2020 census. Both the City of Madisonville and the County of Madison were named for U.S. President James Madison, the fourth chief executive.
Mr. Simple
Mr. Simple (reissue name A-Cha) is the fifth studio album by the South Korean boy band Super Junior. It was released on 3 August 2011, by SM Entertainment, distributed by KMP Holdings and digitally release on 2 August. On 19 September 2011, a repackaged edition was released, re-titled A-Cha. It features four new tracks including title track "A-Cha" and "Superman" which was previously released in version B only. This is the group's second album that features ten of the original 13 members and the first being their previous album, Bonamana (2010).

At the year end award shows of 2011, the album won the Disk Daesang Award at the 26th Golden Disk Awards and 21st Seoul Music Awards, as well as the Album of the Year at the 13th Mnet Asian Music Awards. The album, including the repackaged version, is listed as the 2nd best-selling album of the year for 2011. According to Gaon Chart, as of the end of December 2012, the album has sold a cumulative total of 543,623 copies domestically.

Golden Disc Awards
The Golden Disc Awards (Korean: 골든 디스크 시상식, formerly spelled the Golden Disk Awards before 2015) is an annual South Korean major music awards ceremony that honors achievements in the local music industry. The awards ceremony was founded with the purpose to promote popular culture creativity, discover new artists, and contribute to the growth of the music industry. The first ceremony was held in 1986. Later ceremonies have been held around Asia.

The 35th Golden Disc Awards was held on 9–10 January 2021 without a live audience due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Liang Shitai
Liang Shitai 梁时泰  – also known as Liang Seetay – (fl. 1870s-1890s) was one of the foremost portrait photographers working in China in the late Qing dynasty. The artist specialized in portraits of high-ranking officials, and photographs that appealed to Chinese clients interested in literati painting. As one of the first photographers of prominent Qing Dynasty officials and other distinguished citizens, Liang Shitai's work convinced the Qing court to embrace photography as an artistic medium for the first time. He established his studio in Hong Kong in the early 1870s, then relocated to Shanghai in the late 1870s, and later to Tianjin in the 1880s. Liang Shitai's photographs are among the most historically important and visually exquisite of their time.

Yixuan, Prince Chun
Yixuan (16 October 1840 – 1 January 1891), formally known as Prince Chun, was an imperial prince of the House of Aisin-Gioro and a statesman of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in China. He holds a special place in Qing history as the son of the Daoguang Emperor, younger half-brother of the Xianfeng Emperor, father of the Guangxu Emperor (his second son) and through his fifth son Zaifeng, the paternal grandfather of the Xuantong Emperor (Puyi), the last Emperor of China.
Speidel (surname)
Speidel or von Speidel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert von Speidel (1858–1912), Bavarian general and artistic director of the court theatre in Munich after 1905

Bill Speidel (1912–1988), American author

Edmund Freiherr von Speidel (1816–1887), Bavarian general and court marshal

Emil Speidel (1859–1938), German professor in Tübingen and upper level forestry council member

Hans Speidel (1897–1984), German general

Hans-Georg von Seidel (1891–1955), German general of the Luftwaffe

Johann Jakob Speidel (1595?–1666), German jurist

Jutta Speidel (born 1954), German actress

Michael P. Speidel (born 1937), German-born American military historian

Maximilian von Speidel (1856–1943), Bavarian general and State Council

Persons named Speidell include:

John Speidell (fl. 1600–1634), English mathematician

Todd H. Speidell (born 1957), American theologian

John Speidell
John Speidell (fl. 1600–1634) was an English mathematician. He is known for his early work on the calculation of logarithms.

Speidell was a mathematics teacher in London and one of the early followers of the work John Napier had previously done on natural logarithms. In 1619 Speidell published a table entitled "New Logarithmes" in which he calculated the natural logarithms of sines, tangents, and secants.

He then diverged from Napier's methods in order to ensure all of the logarithms were positive. A new edition of "New Logarithmes" was published in 1622 and contained an appendix with the natural logarithms of all numbers 1-1000.

Along with William Oughtred and Richard Norwood, Speidell helped push toward the abbreviations of trigonometric functions.

Speidel published a number of work about mathematics, including An Arithmeticall Extraction in 1628. His son, Euclid Speidell, also published mathematics texts.
Stráž nad Nisou
Stráž nad Nisou (until 1947 Starý Habendorf; German: Althabendorf) is a municipality and village in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,400 inhabitants. The municipality forms an enclave in the territory of Liberec.

Liberec Region
Liberec Region (Czech: Liberecký kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the northernmost part of its historical region of Bohemia. It is named after its capital Liberec. The region shares international borders with Germany and Poland. Domestically the region borders the Ústí nad Labem Region to the west, the Central Bohemian Region to the south and the Hradec Králové Region to the east.
Callawayasaurus
Callawayasaurus is a genus of plesiosaur from the family Elasmosauridae. When the holotype was first described by Samuel Paul Welles in 1962, it was described as Alzadasaurus colombiensis before being moved into its current genus by Kenneth Carpenter in 1999.

Kenneth Carpenter
Kenneth Carpenter (born 21 September 1949) is an American paleontologist. He is the former director of the USU Eastern Prehistoric Museum and author or co-author of books on dinosaurs and Mesozoic life. His main research interests are armored dinosaurs (Ankylosauria and Stegosauria), as well as the Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Cedar Mountain Formation in eastern Utah.
Lycoming O-1230
The Lycoming O-1230 was a flat-twelve engine for aircraft designed and developed by Lycoming Engines in the 1930s. Although the engine was flown in an aircraft, it was not fitted to any aircraft selected for production. It later served as the basis for the Lycoming H-2470 engine.

Flat-twelve engine
A flat-twelve engine (also known as a horizontally opposed-twelve) is a twelve-cylinder piston engine with six cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft.

Flat-twelve engines are less common than V12 engines, but they have been used in various racing cars during the 1960s and 1970s, and in mid-engined Ferrari road cars from 1973 to 1996.
Newton Ogle
Newton Ogle (1726–1804) was a Church of England clergyman and member of the landowning Ogle family. The son of Nathaniel Ogle and Elizabeth Newton, he served as a prebendary of Durham Cathedral and from 1769 to 1804 as Dean of Winchester. His wife Susanna Thomas (whom he married in 1757) was daughter of John Thomas, Bishop of Winchester.

In 1762, he inherited Kirkley Hall from his brother Dr Nathaniel Ogle – he bought up most of the land lying between Blagdon Hall and Milbourne Hall and between Ponteland and Morpeth, developed the Hall on its present site, built a new eastern archway, and also added an obelisk nearby to mark the centenary of the Glorious Revolution. On his death in 1804, the Hall was inherited by his sons Nathaniel and the Reverend John Saville Ogle.

His daughter, Hester Jane, married the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan in 1795.

Ponteland
Ponteland (/pɒnˈtiːlənd/ pon-TEE-lənd) is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Built on marshland near St Mary's Church and the old bridge, most marshland has now been drained to make way for housing. In the industrial era, the settlement expanded with the development of Darras Hall. Parts of Ponteland have some of North-East England's most expensive houses; being just outside Newcastle, near the airport and on the edge of rural countryside.

The civil parish includes the old village of Ponteland, the Darras Hall estate, and the villages of Kirkley, Medburn, Milbourne and Prestwick.
Tyson Spring Cave
Tyson Spring Cave is a cave located in southeastern Minnesota's Fillmore County. The region is within the Driftless Area, a region noted for its karst topography, which includes caves and sinkholes. Tyson's cave  is a solutional cave privately owned by the Minnesota Cave Preserve. It is known for the extinct ice-age bones found scattered throughout the cave rooms. The majority of this extensive cave is approximately 120 feet below the surface and is estimated to be 3.5–5 miles in length, making it the 258th longest cave in the United States.

Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet. A cenote is a type of sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath. Sink and stream sink are more general terms for sites which drain surface water, possibly by infiltration into sediment or crumbled rock.

Most sinkholes are caused by karst processes – the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks, collapse or suffosion processes. Sinkholes are usually circular and vary in size from tens to hundreds of meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.
Hemerobaptists
Hemerobaptists (Greek: 'day bathers') were a Jewish sect mentioned by some early Christian writers. They were known for their daily ritual baptisms for purification, distinct from mainstream Jewish practices of ritual immersion. They are considered one of several minor Jewish sects, including the Bana'im and the Maghāriya.

Ritual washing in Judaism
In Judaism, ritual washing, or ablution, takes two main forms. Tevilah (Hebrew: טְבִילָה, romanized: ṭəb̲îlā) is a full body immersion in a mikveh, and netilat yadayim is the washing of the hands with a cup (see Handwashing in Judaism).

References to ritual washing are found in the Hebrew Bible, and are elaborated in the Mishnah and Talmud. They have been codified in various codes of Jewish law and tradition, such as Maimonides' Mishneh Torah (12th century) and Joseph Karo's Shulchan Aruch (16th century). These practices are most commonly observed within Orthodox Judaism. In Conservative Judaism, the practices are normative, with certain leniencies and exceptions. Ritual washing is not generally performed in Reform Judaism.
Poradzew
Poradzew [pɔˈrad͡zɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goszczanów, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Goszczanów, 26 km (16 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 65 km (40 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
2015 Lorraine Open 88 – Doubles
Alexandra Panova and Laura Thorpe were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Oksana Kalashnikova and Danka Kovinić won the title, defeating Irina Ramialison and Constance Sibille in the final, 2–6, 6–3, [10–6].

Danka Kovinić
Danka Kovinić (Serbian Cyrillic: Данка Ковинић; born 18 November 1994) is a Montenegrin professional tennis player.

On 22 February 2016, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 46, and on 20 June 2016, she peaked at No. 67 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Sparrows (Cory Asbury song)
"Sparrows" is a song performed by American contemporary worship musician Cory Asbury. On September 11, 2020, the song was released to Christian radio in the United States as the second single from Asbury's third studio album, To Love a Fool. Asbury collaborated with Ethan Hulse, Andrew Ripp, and Jared Anderson in writing the song, and the production of the single was handled by Paul Mabury.

"Sparrows" was a commercial success, having reached No. 6 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart while becoming Asbury's third top ten on the chart.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Jenukallu betta, Sakleshpura
Jenukallu Betta or Jenkal Peak  is the highest mountain of Hassan district. It is located in the Western Ghats range near to Bisle valley, and reaches an elevation of 1,383 metres (4,537 ft).  The mountain has patches of shola forests in the valleys.

It is a place of interest for trekkers. Trek trail begins from Shri Bettada Bhairaveshwara temple near Mekanagadde, which is 35 km from Sakleshpura. The climb to the top and back can be completed as a day hike. On a clear day, Ettina Bhuja and Devaramane Betta of Chikmagalur district and Pushpagiri of Kodagu district are visible from the peak.

Kodagu district
Kodagu district (Kodava: [koɖɐɡɨ, -ʋɨ], also known by its former name Coorg, Kodava: koḍagï, koḍavï) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State.
2018 IMSA SportsCar Championship
The 2018 IMSA SportsCar Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2018 IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship) was the 48th motor racing championship sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) (which traces its lineage to the 1971 IMSA GT Championship). It was the fifth season of the United SportsCar Championship and third to be held under the name as the IMSA SportsCar Championship. It began on January 27 with the 24 Hours of Daytona, and ended on October 13 with the Petit Le Mans.

IMSA
The International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) is a North American sports car racing sanctioning body based in Daytona Beach, Florida, under the jurisdiction of the ACCUS arm of the FIA. It was started by John Bishop, a former executive director of SCCA (Sports Car Club of America), and his wife Peggy in 1969 with help from Bill France Sr. of NASCAR. Beginning in 2014, IMSA is the sanctioning body of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, the premier series resulting from the merger of Grand-Am Road Racing and the American Le Mans Series.  IMSA is owned by NASCAR Holdings, as a subsidiary company with a designated board of directors.
Mike Heisler
Mike Heisler is an American comic book writer known for his work on the series DV8 and Union. He also penned the Gen13 mini-series Gen13: Interactive and the one-shot Gen13: The Unreal World.

Heisler got his start in the industry in the late 1980s as a letterer, primarily for Marvel Comics. From there, he moved into writing and editing.

In December 2009, Heisler was announced as the editor of a revived version of the landmark monster movie magazine Famous Monsters of Filmland.

Heisler has also worked for Dark Horse Comics.

Famous Monsters of Filmland
Famous Monsters of Filmland is an American genre-specific film magazine, started in  1958 by publisher James Warren and editor Forrest J Ackerman.

Famous Monsters of Filmland directly inspired the creation of many other similar publications, including  Castle of Frankenstein, Cinefantastique, Fangoria, The Monster Times, and Video Watchdog. In addition, hundreds, if not thousands, of FM-influenced horror, fantasy and science fiction film-related fanzines have been produced, some of which have continued to publish for decades, such as Midnight Marquee and Little Shoppe of Horrors.