hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heggen and Frøland District Court
Heggen and Frøland District Court (Norwegian: Heggen og Frøland tingrett) was a district court in Akershus county, Norway. The court was based in Mysen in Indre Østfold Municipality. The court existed until 2021. It had jurisdiction overIndre Østfold Municipality, Marker Municipality, and Skiptvet Municipality (before 2020, Rømskog Municipality was also part of this district court). Cases from this court could be appealed to Borgarting Court of Appeal.

The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Borgarting Court of Appeal
The Borgarting Court of Appeal (Norwegian: Borgarting lagmannsrett) is one of six intermediate courts of appeal in Norway. The Court is located in the city of Oslo. The court has jurisdiction over the counties of Oslo, Buskerud, and parts of Akershus and Østfold. These areas constitute the Borgarting judicial district (Norwegian: Borgarting lagdømme). This court can rule on both civil and criminal cases that are appealed from one of its subordinate district courts. Court decisions can be, to a limited extent, appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway. The court has 62 judges and 45 administrative staff. The chief judicial officer of the court (Norwegian: førstelagmann) is currently Marianne Vollan. The court is administered by the Norwegian National Courts Administration.
Tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's singles
Russia's Yevgeny Kafelnikov defeated Germany's Tommy Haas in the final, 7–6(7–4), 3–6, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3 to win the gold medal in Men's Singles tennis at the 2000 Summer Olympics. In the bronze-medal match, France's Arnaud Di Pasquale defeated Switzerland's Roger Federer, 7–6(7–5), 6–7(7–9), 6–3. It was Russia's first medal in the event as an independent country (though Russian player Andrei Cherkasov had taken bronze as part of the Unified Team in 1992). France and Germany won their first medals in the event since 1924 and 1912, respectively.

The tournament was played at the Tennis Centre, Sydney Olympic Park, in Sydney, Australia. There were 64 players from 32 nations. Nations were able to enter up to four players each, up from three in prior Games.

The United States' Andre Agassi was the reigning gold medalist from 1996, but he did not participate.

Switzerland at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Switzerland competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. 102 competitors, 64 men and 38 women, took part in 82 events in 19 sports.

Sydney 2000 marked the first time the Swiss Olympic team competed in Australia as Switzerland and other European nations boycotted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne due to the Soviet invasion of Hungary but Switzerland did take part in the Equestrian events at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Stockholm five months earlier.
Beekite
Beekite is a distinctive form of chalcedony usually associated with silica replacing carbonate minerals in fossils (e.g., the top part of the coral illustrated).

Beekite, recognised as small, concentric rings (cylinders, ellipsoids, or spheres in 3D) of microcrystalline quartz, is recorded as first brought to geologists’ attention by Henry Beeke, probably from studies around Torbay. Early studies were reported by Thomas McKenny Hughes, in Devon, and R. Etheridge in Australia.

A study of the taphonomy of silicified fossils (especially brachiopods) in Devon concluded beekite resulted from the aerobic decomposition of organic matter in an environment with a limited supply of silica during early diagenesis. Elsewhere, beekite has been compared to silcrete, indicating a break in sedimentation, where it occurs as encrustations on clasts of carbonate rock in the Palaeocene alluvial fan deposits of central Anatolia.

Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term taphonomy (from Greek táphos, τάφος 'burial' and nomos, νόμος 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere.

The term taphomorph is used to describe fossil structures that represent poorly-preserved, deteriorated remains of a mixture of taxonomic groups, rather than of a single one.
Dimmer (surname)
Dimmer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Camille Dimmer (born 1939), Luxembourgish footballer and politician

John Dimmer (1883–1918), British World War I veteran

John Dimmer (born 1954 or 1955), Australian rules football coach and player

John Dimmer
Lieutenant Colonel John Henry Stephen Dimmer VC MC (9 October 1883 – 21 March 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Trachselwald District
Trachselwald District is a district in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. From 1 January 2010, the district lost its administrative power while being replaced by the Emmental (administrative district), whose administrative centre is Langnau im Emmental. Since 2010, it remains therefore a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne. Its governor's seat was in Trachselwald Castle in Trachselwald. It consistes of 10 municipalities within an area of 191 km².

Emmental (administrative district)
Emmental District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Emmental-Oberaargau administrative region. It contains 40 municipalities with an area of 690.45 km2 (266.58 sq mi) and a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 97,666.
Mia Handshin
Mia Handshin (born in Adelaide, Australia) is an Adelaide-based political activist and a former columnist for The Advertiser newspaper in South Australia, contributing a weekly column to the opinion section from 1997 to 2007. She is an associate director of the consulting firm Government Relations Australia, and was an adviser in the Adelaide office of federal sports minister Kate Ellis. She was the unsuccessful Australian Labor Party candidate for the 2007 federal election in the electorate of Sturt. Handshin is a Program Manager for the Leaders Institute of South Australia and the Presiding Member of the board of the Environment Protection Authority from 25 October 2012, with her appointment expired on 24 October 2015.

The Advertiser (Adelaide)
The Advertiser is a daily tabloid format newspaper based in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. First published as a broadsheet named The South Australian Advertiser on 12 July 1858, it is currently a tabloid printed from Monday to Saturday. The Advertiser came under the ownership of Keith Murdoch in the 1950s, and the full ownership of Rupert Murdoch in 1987. It is a publication of Advertiser Newspapers Pty Ltd (ADV), a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. Through much of the 20th century, The Advertiser was Adelaide's morning broadsheet, The News the afternoon tabloid, with The Sunday Mail covering weekend sport, and Messenger Newspapers community news. The head office was relocated from a former premises in King William Street, to a new News Corp office complex, known as Keith Murdoch House at 31 Waymouth Street.
Guyancourt
Guyancourt (French: [ɡɥi.jɑ̃.kuʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris, 21.2 km (13.2 mi) from the center of Paris, in the "new town" of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
Brookfield (surname)
Brookfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Brookfield (1870–1930), English footballer

Arthur Montagu Brookfield (1853–1940), British army officer

Charles Brookfield (1857–1913), British actor and playwright

Edward Brookfield (1880–1965), British fencer

Gaz Brookfield (born 1979), English folk and rock musician

Harold Brookfield (1926–2022), British and Australian geographer

Jane Octavia Brookfield (1821–1896), English literary hostess and writer

John Brookfield (born 1955), British population geneticist

Percy Brookfield (1875–1921), Australian politician and trade unionist

Price Brookfield (1920–2006), American basketball and baseball player

Ryan Brookfield (born 1987), English footballer

Stephen Brookfield (born 1949), English-born scholar in adult education

William Brookfield (politician) (1844–1903), American businessman and politician

William Henry Brookfield (1809–1874), English priest

Percy Brookfield
Percival Stanley Brookfield (7 August 1875 – 22 March 1921) was an Australian politician and militant trade unionist. He was variously known as Percival Jack Brookfield or Jack Brookfield, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1917 until his violent death in 1921. In parliament he was a member of the Labor Party (ALP) until July 1919 and then joined the Industrial Socialist Labor Party.
Amitesh Shukla
Amitesh Shyama Charan Shukla (born 12 October 1957) is an Indian National Congress politician from Chhattisgarh, India. He served as Minister of Rural Development in the Government of Chhattisgarh in 2000–2003.

He is the incumbent member of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly from Rajim, having been elected in 2018. He was also the most senior leader who did not get any Ministry. He was previously elected to the same seat in 1999 (bypoll) and 2008.

2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election
The 2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election was held to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian State of Chhattisgarh. The election was held in two phases for a total of 90 seats; the first for 18 seats in South Chhattisgarh on 12 November 2018, and the second for the remaining 72 on 20 November.

The INC got a landslide victory winning 68 seats against the ruling BJP's 15 seats, and consequently formed the government after 15 years as opposition party. Incumbent Chief Minister Raman Singh resigned on 11 December, the day of counting and declaration of result, taking the responsibility for the defeat in the elections. Elected to the Assembly from Patan, INC leader Bhupesh Baghel took office on 17 December as the third Chief Minister of the State.
Phlogites
Phlogites is a member of the extinct ambulacrarian stem group Cambroernida, occupying an intermediate position between the basal Herpetogaster and the more derived Eldonioidea. It is known from the Lower Cambrian Haikou Chengjiang deposits of China.

Ambulacraria
Ambulacraria /ˌæmbjuːləˈkrɛəriə/, or Coelomopora /siːləˈmɒpərə/, is a clade of invertebrate phyla that includes echinoderms and hemichordates; a member of this group is called an ambulacrarian. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the echinoderms and hemichordates separated around 533 million years ago. The Ambulacraria are part of the deuterostomes, a clade that also includes the many Chordata, and the few extinct species belonging to the Vetulicolia.
Wiesiołów, Łódź Voivodeship
Wiesiołów [vjɛˈɕɔwuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dmosin, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Dmosin, 16 km (10 mi) north of Brzeziny, and 29 km (18 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Brzeziny, Brzeziny County
Brzeziny ([bʐɛˈʑinɨ]; Yiddish: ברעזין, Brezin) is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km (12 mi) east of Łódź. It is the capital of Brzeziny County and has a population of 12,326 as of December 2021. It is situated on the Mrożyca River within the historic Łęczyca Land.
The Return of Judith to Bethulia
The Return of Judith to Bethulia (Italian: Ritorno di Giuditta a Betulia) is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist, Sandro Botticelli. It was made around the year 1472, and preserved in the Uffizi in Florence.

This small format tempera on panel (31 × 24 cm; 12 x 9.4 in) painting and its pendant, The Discovery of the Body of Holofernes, both kept at the Uffizi in Florence, illustrate related biblical episodes from the deuterocanonical and apocryphal Book of Judith: the aftermath of the decapitation of the Assyrian general Holofernes by a young and beautiful Jewish widow, Judith; and, in this panel, her triumphant return to Bethulia with the severed head.

Panel painting
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel of wood, either a single piece or a number of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the more popular support medium in the 16th century, panel painting was the normal method, when not painting directly onto a wall (fresco) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts). Wood panels were also used for mounting vellum paintings.
Shock Trauma Air Rescue Service
The Shock Trauma Air Rescue Service (STARS, formerly Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society) is a Canadian non-profit helicopter air ambulance organization funded by individual donors, service groups, corporate donors and government contributions. STARS provides rapid and specialized emergency care and transportation for critically ill and injured patients. STARS operates from bases in Calgary, Edmonton, Grande Prairie, Regina, Saskatoon, Winnipeg and formerly Halifax (replaced by EHS LifeFlight).

Air medical services
Air medical services are the use of aircraft, including both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters to provide various kinds of urgent medical care, especially prehospital, emergency and critical care to patients during aeromedical evacuation and rescue operations.
Maanavan Ninaithal
Maanavan Ninaithal is a 2008 Indian Tamil language romantic drama film directed by S. P. Gnanamozhi. The film stars newcomer Rithik and Varshini, with K. Bhagyaraj, Manivannan, Manobala, Pandu, Anu Mohan, Nalini and Vaman Malini playing supporting roles. The film, produced by P. K. Chandran, was released on 18 July 2008.

Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)
Anu Mohan (born as David Stanley) is an Indian actor and director who has worked in Tamil language films. Beginning his career as a director, Anu Mohan has gone on to play secondary comedy roles in films, notably portraying a character in Padayappa (1999).
IP shuffling
IP shuffling is the ability to set up a call path between two IP endpoints by rerouting the voice channel away from the usual TDM bus connection and creating a direct IP-to-IP connection. IP shuffling saves resources like TDM bus time slots and media channels and improve voice quality by eliminating unnecessary codec conversions. To enable IP shuffling there must be at least one common codec between the two point-to-point IP endpoints.

IP shuffling can take place not only inside of a system but also between multiple systems. This ability is particularly useful in a multi site call center environment where customer calls can be transferred from one person to another multiple times within the same transaction. IP shuffling will tear down each call leg and re-establish a point-to-point connection with the new calling party each time the call gets transferred, saving valuable system resources.

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.
Brachystele tamayoana
Brachystele tamayoana is a species of orchid native to the States of Guanajuato and Baja California Sur in Mexico.

There is some confusion concerning the geographic region in which the plant is located. The peninsula of Baja California is over 1200 km long, and politically divided into two states, "Baja California" and "Baja California Sur." There is no Baja California Norte. Brachystele tamayoana was described in 2004 by Polish botanists examining specimens from US and UK herbaria. The specimen designated type was collected in 1959, the label giving the location as "in the Cape Region of Baja California." The term "Cape Region" is very often used by US authors to mean the area near Cabo San Lucas in Baja California Sur. Some secondary sources (e.g. Tropicos and Kew's World Checklist), however, list "Baja California" as the location, erroneously implying the northern part of the peninsula.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.
JS Raigei
Raigei (らいげい ) is a diesel-electric submarine of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, and the fourth boat of the Taigei class. Her name (in kanji as 雷鯨, literally meaning 'thunder whale') has not been used by the Imperial Japanese Navy, making Raigei the first naval vessel to be named in this manner. Like her older sister ships, Raigei will be fitted with dedicated living quarters for up to six female crew members from the time of commissioning. She is also the first boat to be fitted with the Kawasaki 12V 25/31 diesel engine.

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 海上自衛隊, Hepburn: Kaijō Jieitai), abbreviated JMSDF (海自, Kaiji), also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the navy branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after World War II. The JMSDF has a fleet of 164 ships, 346 aircraft and 50,800 personnel.
2016–17 Ranji Trophy Group A
The 2016–17 Ranji Trophy was the 83rd season of the Ranji Trophy, the first-class cricket tournament in India. It was contested by 28 teams divided into three groups. Groups A and B comprised nine teams, and Group C comprised ten teams. Mumbai finished top of Group A, qualifying for the knockout stage of the tournament, along with Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

Mumbai cricket team
The Mumbai cricket team is a cricket team which represents Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. It is governed by Mumbai Cricket Association. Its home ground is Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.

The team also plays its home matches at Bandra Kurla Complex Ground and Brabourne Stadium. The team comes under the West Zone designation. It was formerly known as the Bombay cricket team, but changed its name when the city was renamed from Bombay to Mumbai.

Mumbai is the most successful team in the history of Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket competition, with 42 titles. Its most recent title was in 2023–24. It also has won 14 (and 1 shared) Irani Cups.

Mumbai has produced some of the greatest Indian cricketers of all time, such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar,  Ajinkya Rahane, Rohit Sharma, Shreyas Iyer, Vijay Merchant, Polly Umrigar, and Dilip Vengsarkar.
Turini (Sud Yungas)
Turini (Aymara turi tower, -ni a suffix, "the one with a tower")  is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approxilamtely 3,800 m (12,500 ft). It is situated in the La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province, Yanacachi Municipality, south of Unduavi.

Sud Yungas Province
Sud Yungas or Sur Yungas (Aymara: Aynach Yunka jisk'a) is a province in the Bolivian department of La Paz. It was created during the presidency of José Manuel Pando on January 12, 1900. The capital of the province is Chulumani.
Miracle on the Mountain
The Miracle on the Mountain was a college football game in 2002 that took place between the Furman Paladins and Appalachian State Mountaineers on October 12. The game, which took place in Kidd Brewer Stadium, resulted in a 16–15 Appalachian State victory. The game is remembered for the botched two-point conversion attempt that cost Furman the game. It is considered one of the greatest games in Appalachian State History and the Appalachian State-Furman rivalry.

Kidd Brewer Stadium
Kidd Brewer Stadium is a 30,000-seat multi-purpose stadium located in Boone, North Carolina. Nicknamed "The Rock," the stadium is the home of the Appalachian State Mountaineers football team. Kidd Brewer stands 3,333 feet (1,016 m) above sea level. The Mountaineers boast a 277–81–5 (.770) home record at the stadium.
Arthur von Abramson
Arthur von Abramson (born 3 March 1854) was an Imperial Russian civil engineer.

He was born to a Jewish family in Odessa, and was educated at the city's gymnasium. He studied mathematics at the University of Odessa, but left to take a course in civil engineering at the Zurich Polytechnikum, from which he was graduated in 1876. Returning to Russia in 1879, von Abramson passed the state examination at the Russian Imperial Institute of Roads and Communications, and was appointed one of the directors of the Russian state railway at Kiev. He devised, built, and managed the sewer system of Kiev, and constructed the street-railroad of that city. In 1881 he founded and became editor-in-chief of a technical monthly, Inzhener ('The Engineer'). He was appointed president of the local sewer company and director of the Kiev city railroad.

Trams in Kyiv
The Kyiv Tram (Ukrainian: Київський трамвай, romanized: Kyivskyi tramvai, pronounced [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɪj trɐmˈwɑj]) is a tram network that serves the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. The system was the first electric tramway in the former Russian Empire and the fourth one in Europe after the Berlin, Budapest, and Prague tramways. The Kyiv Tram system currently consists of 139.9 km (86.9 mi) of the track, including 14 km (8.7 mi) of two Rapid Tram lines, served by 21 routes with the use of 523 tram cars. However, the system is being neglected, the serviced track length is decreasing at a fast rate and is replaced by buses and trolleybuses.

The Kyiv Tram system is operated by the "Kyivpastrans" municipal company which also maintains bus, Kyiv trolleybus, and Kyiv Funicular transport in Kyiv.