hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrick Fagerberg
Richard Patrick Fagerberg (born October 20, 1969) is an artist, inventor and former lawyer, who is considered a rare case of acquired savant, a person who developed extraordinary abilities due to a brain injury.

On the evening of March 19, 2011, while attending an Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) concert at the South by Southwest festival, a 400-pound (180 kg) camera boom collapsed and struck his head, causing a traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in memory loss and language processing problems.

Following the accident, in an art therapy class, Fagerberg discovered a talent for painting. Three years after getting started, he opened his first exhibit in Houston. He has been represented by Gremillion & Co. Fine Art since then.

Fagerberg is also the founder of RodaSurf, a new startup located in Austin, Texas. The company's first invention The RodaSurf, uses an atypical wheel placement on an electric skateboard to mimic the feeling of surfing on land.

Cognitive therapy
Cognitive therapy (CT) is a kind of psychotherapy that treats problematic behaviors and distressing emotional responses by identifying and correcting unhelpful and inaccurate patterns of thinking. This involves the individual working with the therapist to develop skills for testing and changing beliefs, identifying distorted thinking, relating to others in different ways, and changing behaviors.

Cognitive therapy is based on the cognitive model (which states that thoughts, feelings, and behavior are connected), with substantial influence from the heuristics and biases research program of the 1970s, which found a wide variety of cognitive biases and distortions that can contribute to mental illness.
Mervyn Middlecoat
Mervyn Leslie Middlecoat SJ & Bar  (6 July 1940 – 12 December 1971) was a Pakistani fighter pilot in the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) who was involved in a number of aerial battles during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani wars, before being shot down on 12 December 1971. He was one of a number of distinguished Pakistani strike and fighter pilots of the period. Before his death he was stationed at Mauripur, Karachi, where he flew the F-104 Starfighter.

India–Pakistan wars and conflicts
Since the partition of British India in 1947 and subsequent creation of the dominions of India and Pakistan, the two countries have been involved in a number of wars, conflicts, and military standoffs. A long-running dispute over Kashmir and cross-border terrorism have been the predominant cause of conflict between the two states, with the exception of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which occurred as a direct result of hostilities stemming from the Bangladesh Liberation War in erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra (soundtrack)
Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra is the soundtrack album composed by Jakes Bejoy to the 2025 Malayalam-language superhero film of the same name directed by Dominic Arun and produced by Dulquer Salmaan under Wayfarer Films, starring Kalyani Priyadarshan, along with Naslen, Sandy, Arun Kurian and Chandu Salim Kumar. The album featured five songs written by Mu.Ri, Vinayak Sasikumar, Zeba Tommy, Suhail Koya, Reyan and B. K. Harinarayanan. The album was released through the production company itself on 12 September 2025, fifteen days after the film's original release.

Arun Kurian
Arun Kurian is an Indian actor who appears on Malayalam cinema. He made his feature film debut through a lead role in the coming of age film Aanandam (2016).

He played supporting roles in Velipadinte Pusthakam (2017), Oru Yamandan Premakadha (2019), Thamaasha (2019), Paapam Cheyyathavar Kalleriyatte (2019), Hridayam (2022), Manjummel Boys (2024) and Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra (2025).
Country Classic
Country Classic was a Quarter Horse gelding that competed and won in halter, showmanship, cutting, working cowhorse, barrel racing, stake race, hunt seat equitation, pole bending, hunter under saddle, trail, western pleasure, horsemanship, roping – both heading and heeling, and western riding. He won 98 all-around titles, a reserve world championship in stake race, six open and youth AQHA Superiors awards, and placed 15 times in the AQAH Youth World Show Top Ten. He died in April 1986.

Country Classic was inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame in 2001.

Team roping
Team roping, also known as heading and heeling, is a rodeo event that features a steer (typically a Corriente) and two mounted riders. The first roper is referred to as the "header", the person who ropes the front of the steer, usually around the horns, but it is also legal for the rope to go around the neck, or go around one horn and the nose resulting in what they call a "half head". Once the steer is caught by one of the three legal head catches, the header must dally (wrap the rope around the rubber covered saddle horn) and use their horse to turn the steer to the left.

The second roper is the "heeler", who ropes the steer by its hind feet after the "header" has turned the steer, with a five-second penalty assessed to the end time if only one leg is caught. Team roping is the only rodeo event where men and women compete equally together in professionally sanctioned competition, in both single-gender or mixed-gender teams.
USS Sparrow
Several ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Sparrow:

USS Sparrow (AMc-31), a coastal minesweeper acquired in 1940.

USS Sparrow II (SP-3231) was a patrol vessel in commission from 1918 to 1919

USS Sparrow (MHC 42), a coastal minehunter

Coastal minesweeper
Coastal minesweeper is a term used by the United States Navy to indicate a minesweeper intended for coastal use as opposed to participating in fleet operations at sea.

Because of its small size—usually less than 100 feet in length—and construction—wood as opposed to steel—and slow speed—usually about 9 or 10 knots—the coastal minesweeper was considered too fragile and slow to operate on the high seas with the fleet.

Minesweeping, in conjunction with fleet activities, was usually relegated to the diesel-driven steel-hulled AM-type minesweepers, later to be replaced by the wood-hulled MSO-type minesweeper with aluminum engines.
Syringe tide
The syringe tide was an environmental disaster during 1987–88 in Connecticut, New Jersey and New York where significant amounts of medical waste, including hypodermic syringes, and raw garbage washed up onto beaches on the Jersey Shore, in New York City, and on Long Island. This forced the closing of beaches on the Atlantic coast. Officials scrambled to identify the source of the material as some local economies struggled with diminished tourism.

Environmental disaster
An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is defined as a catastrophic event regarding the natural environment that is due to human activity. This point distinguishes environmental disasters from other disturbances such as natural disasters and intentional acts of war such as nuclear bombings.

Environmental disasters show how the impact of humans' alteration of the land has led to widespread and/or long-lasting consequences. These disasters have included deaths of wildlife, humans and plants, or severe disruption of human life or health, possibly requiring migration. Some environmental disasters are the trigger source of more expansive environmental conflicts, where effected groups try to socially confront the actors responsible for the disaster.
Monarch Branch
The Monarch Branch was a branch line of the Denver & Rio Grande Western built in the 1880s to serve the Colorado Fuel & Iron limestone quarry at Monarch, Colorado. Originally part of the D&RGW's 3 ft 0 in (914 mm) narrow-gauge system, the 15 mile line connected with the rest of the narrow-gauge network at Poncha Junction, on the Marshall Pass line. The upper part of the Branch was on a 4.5% grade and included both an "S" curve and a double switchback to reach an elevation of over 10,000 ft (3,000 m). The line was converted to standard-gauge in 1956 after the narrow-gauge mainline from Salida to Gunnison was closed in the early 1950s. From that time forward, the line operated as a standard-gauge branch of the D&RGW until the early 1980s when Colorado Fuel & Iron closed its blast furnaces at Pueblo, Colorado. Operations on the Monarch Branch subsequently ceased and the rails were pulled up a short time later.

3 ft gauge railways
Three foot gauge railways have a track gauge of 3 ft (914 mm) or 1 yard. This gauge is a narrow gauge and is generally found throughout North, Central, and South America. In Ireland, many secondary and industrial lines were built to 3 ft gauge, and it is the dominant gauge on the Isle of Man, where it is known as the Manx Standard Gauge. Modern 3 ft gauge railways are most commonly found in isolated mountainous areas, on small islands, or in large-scale amusement parks and theme parks (see table below). This gauge is also popular in model railroading (particularly in G scale), and model prototypes of these railways have been made by several model train brands around the world, such as Accucraft Trains (US), Aristo-Craft Trains (US), Bachmann Industries (Hong Kong), Delton Locomotive Works (US), LGB (Germany), and PIKO (Germany).
A Perfect Contradiction
A Perfect Contradiction is the third studio album by English recording artist Paloma Faith, released by Sony Music Entertainment on 10 March 2014. Musically, the album is a pop album, with elements of R&B, jazz, soul, Motown and disco. The album received mixed reviews; it spawned three singles; "Can't Rely on You", "Only Love Can Hurt Like This", "Trouble with My Baby". The first two of these charted within the top 10 in the United Kingdom and "Only Love Can Hurt Like This" topped the charts in Australia.

On 15 September 2014, it was announced that a repackaged version of the album, entitled A Perfect Contradiction: Outsiders' Edition, was set to be released on 10 November 2014, postponed from the original date of 3 November 2014. It features three new singles; "Ready for the Good Life", "Leave While I'm Not Looking" and "Beauty Remains". It also includes new songs as well as a rearranged version of "Changing", Faith's collaboration with Sigma.

Sigma (DJs)
Sigma are an English drum and bass DJ and record production duo consisting of Cameron James Edwards and Joseph Aluin Lenzie. They met at Leeds University at drum and bass nights. Their 2010 collaboration with DJ Fresh, "Lassitude", peaked at number 98 on the UK Singles Chart. Their single "Nobody to Love" topped the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first UK number one. Their second was the follow-up single "Changing", featuring Paloma Faith.
Archery at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Women's individual recurve open
The women's individual recurve open archery discipline at the 2024 Summer Paralympics will be contested from 29 August to 3 September at Les Invalides.

In the ranking rounds each archer shoots 72 arrows, and is seeded according to score. In the knock-out stages each archer shoots three arrows per set against an opponent, the scores being aggregated. Losing semifinalists compete in a bronze medal match. As the field contained 24 archers, the eight highest-ranked archers in the ranking round, will progress directly to the round of 16 places.

Les Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides (French: [o.tɛl dez ɛ̃valid]; French for 'House of Invalids'), commonly called les Invalides ([lez ɛ̃valid]; lit. 'the Invalids'), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as well as a hospital and an old soldiers' retirement home, the building's original purpose. The buildings house the Musée de l'Armée, the museum of the Army of France, the Musée des Plans-Reliefs, and the Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine. The complex also includes the Cathedral of Saint-Louis-des-Invalides, the national cathedral of the French military. It is adjacent to the Royal Chapel known as the Dôme des Invalides, the tallest church building in Paris at a height of 107 metres (351 ft). The latter has been converted into a shrine to some of France's leading military figures, most notably the tomb of Napoleon.
Sid Ahmed Rezala
Sid Ahmed Rezala (13 May 1979 – 28 June 2000) was an Algerian-born French serial killer, dubbed "The Killer of the Trains". He was suspected of killing at least three women in 1999. Arrested in Portugal in early 2000, he confessed the murders to a reporter from the Figaro Magazine. Several weeks later, he killed himself before he could be extradited to France. He died of asphyxiation after he intentionally set fire to the mattress in his cell while his prison guards were watching football on TV.

Le Figaro Magazine
Le Figaro Magazine (French: [l(ə) fiɡaʁo magazin]) is a French weekly news magazine published in Paris. The magazine is the weekly supplement of the daily newspaper Le Figaro and has been in circulation since 1978.
Armillaria mellea
Armillaria mellea, commonly known as honey fungus, is an edible basidiomycete fungus in the genus Armillaria. It is a plant pathogen and part of a cryptic species complex of closely related and morphologically similar species. It causes Armillaria root rot in many plant species and produces mushrooms around the base of trees it has infected. The symptoms of infection appear in the crowns of infected trees as discoloured foliage, reduced growth, dieback of the branches and death. The mycelium is capable of producing light via bioluminescence.

The mushroom is widely distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It typically grows on hardwoods but may be found around and on other living and dead wood or in open areas.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Langlo (surname)
Langlo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jenny Langlo (born 1993), Norwegian singer

Kaare Langlo (1913–1985), Norwegian meteorologist

Kristian Langlo (1894–1976), Norwegian politician

Oddbjørn Sverre Langlo (1935–2004), Norwegian politician

Kristian Langlo
Kristian Langlo (3 May 1894 – 20 October 1976) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was born in Stranda Municipality. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the Market towns of Møre og Romsdal county in 1949, and was later re-elected on one occasion (in 1961).

Langlo held various positions in municipal council of Ålesund Municipality from 1931 to 1934 and 1945 to 1955, serving as mayor in the period 1947–1949.
Anglada
Anglada was a Spanish automobile manufactured in Puerto de Santa María in Cádiz, Andalucia from 1902 to 1905.
The company named  Anglada. Fábrica de bicicletas y automóviles was founded by  Francisco Anglada y Gallardo. Anglada made expensive cars by individual order. The cars were either one- or four-cylinder models ranging from 6 to 36 cv. 
Anglada is notable today, if at all, for producing the first Spanish car purchased by Alfonso XIII; the King bought a 24 hp (18 kW) four from the company in 1904. Although the Spanish aristocrats bought some cars, due to financial problems, Francisco Anglada soon gave up production. He opened an automobile repair shop in Madrid. Francisco Anglada died in 1917.

Engine configuration
The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized.

Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorized by the number of rotors present. Gas turbine engines are often categorized into turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts.
Rima Pipoyan
Rima Pipoyan (Armenian: Ռիմա Պիպոյան, 2 June 1988) is an Armenian choreographer, director, dancer and dance teacher. She is considered to be one of the pioneers of modern ballet and contemporary dance in Armenia. In 2017 she has found "Choreography development" educational and cultural foundation aiming to support the development of contemporary dance and modern ballet in Armenia. Since 2020, she has been the head of the Modern Dance Department at the Yerevan State Choreographic College. In 2014, under her artistic direction, the Rima Pipoyan Dance Company was founded. The company's members are young professional contemporary dancers who graduated from the Modern Dance Department. Pipoyan has presented her choreographic works in Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Serbia, Croatia, Russia, Germany, Poland, Moldova, Belgium, Portugal, etc.

Academy of Arts, Berlin
The Academy of Arts (German: Akademie der Künste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany. The task of the Academy is to promote art, as well as to advise and support the states of Germany.

The academy's predecessor organization was founded in 1696 by Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg as the Brandenburg Academy of Arts, an academic institution in which members could meet and discuss and share ideas. The current Academy was founded on 1 October 1993 as the re-unification of formerly separate East and West Berlin academies.
Coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth represented the union of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

While the coat of arms remained mostly unchanged throughout the Commonwealth's tenure, as different kings were elected it would be defaced with their personal arms and other features, such as the Order of the Golden Fleece (when the armiger was a member) or the Order of the White Eagle for later kings.

Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
The Order of the White Eagle (Polish: Order Orła Białego) is the highest honour of the Republic of Poland and formerly the Second Polish Republic and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and one of the oldest state decorations in the world still in use. It was officially instituted on 1 November 1705 by Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, and bestowed on eight of his closest diplomatic and political supporters. It has since been awarded to the most distinguished Poles for their merits and occasionally to the heads of state of foreign countries.

The Order of the White Eagle is attached to an azure sash slung over the left shoulder to the right side. The star of the Order, formerly embroidered, is worn on the left side of the chest. Unlike other Polish high decorations, the Order of the White Eagle does not have different classes or crosses.
Broad-snouted caiman
The broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) is a crocodilian in the family Alligatoridae found in eastern and central South America, including the Pantanal habitat of Bolivia, Southeast Brazil, and Paraguay, as well as northern Argentina and Uruguay. Behind the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), it is the second-largest caiman species; it is the third-largest alligatorid behind the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and the aforementioned black caiman. Primarily, the species inhabits freshwater wetlands, including floodplains, marshes, swamps, and some mangrove forests, as well as various streams, rivers, lakes or ponds, preferring bodies of rather still or slower-moving water. They will often use man-made cow ponds, disused stock tanks, and canals and ditches, as well.

Stock tank
See Stock tank oil  for oil industry stock tank definition.

A stock tank is used to provide drinking water for animals such as cattle or horses. Stock tanks can range in size from 100 liters to over 5500 liters  (30 to 1500 gallons) and typically are made of galvanized steel. These tanks are filled either by a pump, windpump, creek, spring, rely on runoff water from rain or melting snow, or from water hauled to them in a truck. In some parts of Texas, ranchers refer to ponds and watering holes as stock tanks.
Sengyou
Sengyou (Chinese: 僧祐; pinyin: Sēngyòu; 445–518 AD) was a Buddhist monk and early medieval Chinese bibliographer and noted chiefly for being the author of Collected Records Concerning the Tripitaka (出三藏記集 Chu sanzang ji ji, T 2145), which includes a catalogue of Buddhist texts translated into Chinese, and the Collection on the Propagation and Clarification of Buddhism (弘明集 Hong Ming Ji, T 2102)

Sengyou's ancestral home was Xiapi in Pengcheng Commandery (northwest of modern Suining, Jiangsu). However, his father moved to Jiankang (建康), where he was born. His secular name was Yu. As a young boy he practiced devotions at Jianchu Monastery. At 14, rather than acquiesce to an arranged marriage, he took novice vows and entered Dinglin Monastery, Zhongshan in Jiankang. He was ordained as a bhikkhu aged 20 and received instruction in Vinaya by Faying (d.480). He became renown as a master of the Vinaya.

Zhongshan
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山 [ʈʂʊ́ŋ ʂán]), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Jungsaan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 inhabitants. The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki (Chinese: 石岐).

Zhongshan is one of the few Chinese cities to be named after a person. It was originally named Xiangshan (香山, "Fragrant Mountain"; Cantonese: Heung-saan), but was renamed in 1925 in honor of Sun Yat-sen, who is known in China as "Sun Zhongshan". Sun was the founding father of the Republic of China who is also regarded positively by the People's Republic. He was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County.
U.S. Xpress
U.S. Xpress (USX) is an American trucking company headquartered in Chattanooga, Tennessee, that has operated as a subsidiary of Knight-Swift since 2023. The company offers truckload shipping and other transportation services across the United States.

Truckload shipping
Truckload shipping is freight transport in which a semi-trailer or intermodal container is filled entirely with one type of cargo. It differs from less-than-truckload shipping (LTL) in which freight from multiple customers is combined in one trailer. A truckload carrier is a trucking company that contracts entire trailer-load to a single customer.
Furnace Mountain (Virginia)
Furnace Mountain is the tallest peak of Catoctin Mountain in Loudoun County, Virginia.  It rises steeply from the southern banks of the Potomac River across from Point of Rocks, Maryland and continues southward for 1 mile (1.6 km), reaching an elevation of 891 feet (272 m) before falling to a gap between it and an unnamed peak of 800 feet (240 m).  Its name arises from the iron furnaces located at its base, which operated from the 1790s to the 1870s.   The furnaces were used to process iron ore mined from the mountain, much of which was used to build the burgeoning city of Washington D.C.

Point of Rocks, Maryland
Point of Rocks is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Frederick County, Maryland. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 1,466.

Point of Rocks is named for a rock formation on the adjacent Catoctin Mountain, which was formed by the Potomac River cutting through the ridge in a water gap, a typical formation in the Appalachian Mountains. The formation is not visible from the town and can only be seen from boats on the river, or in Loudoun County, Virginia, from the southern bank of the river.