hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duodecet
In music, a duodecet—sometimes duodectet, or duodecimette—is a composition which requires twelve musicians for a performance, or a musical group that consists of twelve people. In jazz, such a group of twelve players is sometimes called a "twelvetet". The corresponding German word is Duodezett. The French equivalent form, douzetuor, is virtually unknown (in sharp contrast to dixtuor, the French word for decet). Unlike some other musical ensembles such as the string quartet, there is no established or standard set of instruments in a duodecet.

Bogusław Schaeffer
Bogusław Julian Schaeffer (also Schäffer) (6 June 1929 – 1 July 2019) was a Polish composer, musicologist,  and graphic artist, a member of the avant-garde "Cracow Group" of Polish composers alongside Krzysztof Penderecki and others.

Schaeffer was born in Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine). After studying violin in Opole and graduating with a degree in musical composition under Zdzisław Jachimecki in 1953 at the Academy of Music in Kraków, he became an active composer and musical theoretician. From 1963, he was a lecturer on composition at the Kraków Academy, and he was a professor at the Hochschule für Musik in Salzburg from the mid-1980s to 2000.

Konstancja Kochaniec was one of his students.

Schaeffer's 'Klavierkonzert' was used on the soundtrack of David Lynch's 2006 film Inland Empire. "Solo", a documentary about Schaeffer was released in 2008.

In 2022, American electronic music duo Matmos released an album dedicated to the composer.
Brachysomida californica
Brachysomida californica is a species of long-horned beetle in the subfamily Lepturinae from western North America. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1851 from the Santa Cruz Mountains in California.

John Lawrence LeConte
John Lawrence LeConte MD (May 13, 1825 – November 15, 1883) was an American entomologist, responsible for naming and describing approximately half of the insect taxa known in the United States during his lifetime, including some 5,000 species of beetles. He was recognized as the foremost authority on North American beetles during his career, and has been described as "the father of American beetle study".
Udokan Copper
Udokan Copper (Russian: Удоканская медь) is a Russian private mining and metallurgical company established in 2008 to develop the Udokan copper deposit located in the Udokan Range in Zabaikalsky Krai of Russia's Far East. The company is part of the USM Group. Its major beneficiary is Alisher Usmanov.

As of 2021, Udokan Copper holds over 26 million tonnes of copper.

Udokan is the largest untapped copper deposit in Russia and is ranked the third largest in the world.

Udokan Range
The Udokan Range (Russian: хребет Удокан) is a mountain range in Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Zabaykalsky Krai, Russian Federation. The nearest town is Chara.

There is copper mining in the range at the Udokan mine, part of the Udokan Ore Region that includes the Kalar and Kodar ranges. A stretch of the Baikal–Amur Mainline passes through the range following the valley of the Khani river.
Hico
Hico may stand for:

Hico, Kentucky

Hico, Missouri

Hico, Texas

Hico, West Virginia

HiCo stands for high-coercivity, a variety of magnetic stripe.

The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO), a satellite sensor mounted on the International Space Station 2009-2014.

Gyeongju Hwabaek International Convention Center

Hico, West Virginia
Hico is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. Hico is located at the junction of U.S. routes 19 and 60, 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Fayetteville. Hico has a post office with ZIP code 25854. As of the 2020 census, its population was 239 (down from 272 at the 2010 census).

Some believe that the community was named after a variety of tobacco called hico, while others believe the name is a transfer from Hyco, Virginia (an extinct town).

On April 2, 2024, an EF2 tornado caused significant damage just to the south of Hico.
Banu Ghani
The Banu Ghani (Arabic: بنو غني) was an Arab tribe that inhabited the area between Bisha and Diriyah in pre-Islamic Arabia and parts of which migrated to Syria during the Muslim conquest of that region.

Diriyah
Diriyah (Arabic: الدِرْعِيّة, romanized: ad-Dir‘īyah, lit. 'place of armor'; formerly romanized as Dereyeh and Dariyya) is a town and governorate in Saudi Arabia. Located on the northwestern outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh, Diriyah was the original home of the House of Saud, and served as the capital of the Emirate of Diriyah under the first Saudi dynasty from 1727 to 1818. Today, the town is the seat of the Diriyah Governorate, which also includes the villages of Uyayna, Jubayla, and Al-Ammariyyah, among others—and is part of Riyadh Province.

At-Turaif District, the first capital of Saudis in Diriyah, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010. The layout of the city itself can be studied in the National Museum of Saudi Arabia with the help of a large-scale detailed model of the city on display there. Diriyah also hosted the Diriyah ePrix race for the Formula E championship from 2018–2024.
Mauricio Herdocia Sacasa
Mauricio Herdocia Sacasa (1 August 1957 – 21 January 2021) was a Nicaraguan jurist who specialized in international law, and diplomat. He held roles in the Nicaraguan government, especially in the Foreign Ministry, across party lines, as well as roles in major international legal bodies including at the United Nations and the Organization of American States. In the 1980s, he worked on a number of peace processes in Central America, helping formalize legal and political structures for the region. Also a legal scholar and professor, he was rector of the American College University and the author of four books on the laws governing the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Nicaragua. His contributions were recognized with a number of honors both nationally and internationally, including Nicaragua's Order of Rubén Darío.

Protests against Daniel Ortega
Protests against President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega began in 2014, when the construction of the Nicaragua Canal was about to begin, and several hundred protesters blocked roads and clashed with police during the groundbreaking of the canal. Tens of thousands of Nicaraguans began to protest against President Ortega for what they believe to be a corrupt electoral system.

The protests were renewed in April 2018 following the Ortega administration's decree of the Nicaraguan Social Security Institute's social security reform increasing taxes and decreasing benefits. Police and the paramilitary groups attacked and killed unarmed protesters, which made people to stand-up. After five days of deadly unrest, Ortega announced the cancellation of the reforms. Since then, Ortega faced the largest protests in his government's history, with the protest movement spreading to denounce Ortega in general and demanding his resignation. Related protests continue to the present day.
NGC 5508
NGC 5508 is a very large and distant spiral galaxy located in the constellation Boötes. Its velocity relative to the cosmic microwave background is 11,615  ±  15 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble's law of 171 ± 12  Mpc (~558  million light-years). It was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan in 1882.

This galaxy is classified by all sources consulted, except Professor Seligman, as a lenticular galaxy. However, the image obtained from the SDSS survey clearly shows that it is a spiral galaxy.

According to the Simbad database, NGC 5508 is a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus exhibits an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.

The Hubble distance of neighboring galaxy PGC 50725 is 237.51 ± 16.63  Mpc (~775 million light-years), well beyond NGC 5508. Although they appear as neighbors on the celestial sphere, they do not form a physical galaxy pair.

Emission spectrum
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The photon energy of the emitted photons is equal to the energy difference between the two states. There are many possible electron transitions for each atom, and each transition has a specific energy difference. This collection of different transitions, leading to different radiated wavelengths, make up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances.
Tourrettes, Var
Tourrettes (French pronunciation: [tuʁɛt]; Occitan: Torretas) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Tourrettes is one of a series of "perched villages" overlooking the plain between the southern Alps and the Esterel massif, which borders the sea between Cannes and Saint-Raphaël. Tourrettes is popular with tourists. The village is located on the road to Mons, which later on joins the Route Napoléon (linking Nice to Grenoble through the Alps).

In the recent years a high-standing golf resort has settled in Tourrettes, the Domaine de Terre Blanche.

The aerodrome of Fayence-Tourrettes was one of the most active in Europe.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
Bighorn Divide and Wyoming Railroad
The Bighorn Divide and Wyoming Railroad (reporting mark BDW), founded in 1985, is a shortline railroad in Wyoming, United States. The company originally operated under the name Bad Water Line before its current operator purchased it in 2002. It operates 41.2 miles (66.3 km) of track within the state, including a line it owns between Shoshoni and Bonneville, Wyoming, along with trackage rights over BNSF Railway to Lysite that allow it to access a branch line to an oil facility. The company also performs switching at a rail yard near Casper, Wyoming, that is unconnected to its other operations.

Shortline railroad
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that operates over a relatively short distance relative to larger, national railroad networks. The term is used primarily in the United States and Canada. In the former, railroads are categorized by operating revenue, and most shortline railroads fall into the Class III or Class II categorization defined by the Surface Transportation Board.
Hong Kong Property Services (Agency)
Hong Kong Property Services (Agency) Limited (HKPS) is one of the largest real estate brokerage companies in Hong Kong. It was established in 1986. It was acquired by Cheung Kong Holdings in 1996, but sold to Midland Holdings in 2000. It also establishes a subsidiary in Shenzhen to operate its real estate property agent business in Mainland China.

Cheung Kong Holdings
Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited is a multinational conglomerate, based in Hong Kong. It was one of Hong Kong's leading multi-national conglomerates. The company merged with its subsidiary Hutchison Whampoa on 3 June 2015, as part of a major reorganisation, to become part of CK Hutchison Holdings.

The Chairman of Cheung Kong Holdings was Li Ka-shing, while his elder son, Victor Li, was managing director and deputy chairman. Li Ka-shing founded Cheung Kong Industries in the 1950s as a plastics manufacturer. Eventually the company evolved into a property investment company. Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited was established in 1971.

The Cheung Kong Group develops residential, office, retail, industrial and hotel properties in Hong Kong, with a history of property development and residential estates. As part of a reorganisation, a new company composed of the group's property assets was spun-off in June 2015 as Cheung Kong Property Holdings.
2012 Negros Occidental's 5th congressional district special election
A special election (known elsewhere as "by-elections") for Negros Occidental's 5th district seat in the House of Representatives of the Philippines was on June 2, 2012. The special election was called after incumbent representative Iggy Arroyo died on January 26, 2012. Binalbagan Mayor Alejandro Mirasol defeated Negros Occidental Provincial Board Member Emilio Yulo III in the election.

Commission on Elections (Philippines)
The Commission on Elections (Filipino: Komisyon sa Halalan), abbreviated as COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of elections in the Philippines.

The other two Constitutional Commissions are the Commission on Audit and Civil Service Commission.
Arya Vidyapeeth College
Arya Vidyapeeth College (Autonomous) is a liberal Science, Arts and Commerce college, located at Kamrup Metropolitan district. It is one of the oldest and reputed educational institution in Assam. It was established on 29 July 1958. The college is affiliated to Gauhati University.

Kamrup Metropolitan district
Kamrup Metropolitan district is one of the 35 districts in Assam state in north-eastern India. It was carved out of the erstwhile undivided Kamrup district in 2003 and covers an area equivalent to the area under the jurisdiction of the Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority area. Dispur Legislative Assembly Constituency in Guwahati Metro district with 3.53 lakh voters is the largest constituency in Assam.
Newport-Mesa Unified School District
Newport-Mesa Unified School District is a school district in Orange County, California, United States, that mainly serves the cities of Newport Beach and Costa Mesa. The district was founded on July 1, 1966. It currently serves approximately 18,600 at twenty-two elementary schools, two intermediate schools, four high schools, one alternative education center, and one adult education center.

Newport Beach, California
Newport Beach is a city in southern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, Newport Beach had a population of 85,239. Located about 40 miles (64 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles, Newport Beach is known for its sandy beaches. The city's harbor once supported maritime industries; today, it is used mostly for recreation. Balboa Island draws visitors with a waterfront path and easy access from the ferry to the shops and restaurants.
Islam in Tonga
Tonga is an overwhelmingly Christian majority country, with adherents of Islam being a minority. Due to secular nature of the Tonga's constitution, Muslims are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country. Most Muslims in Tonga belong to either Sunni or Ahmadiyya denominations. The number of Muslims was estimated at less than 1000 in 2010 by the Pew Research Center in a population of about 108,000, while a report by the Fiji Muslim League estimated that in 2002 there were about 70 Muslim Tongan nationals out of a Muslim population of 100.

Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. It also conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, random sample survey research, and panel based surveys,  media content analysis, and other empirical social science research.

The Pew Research Center states it does not take policy stances. It is a subsidiary of the Pew Charitable Trusts and a charter member of the American Association of Public Opinion Research's Transparency Initiative.
1895 United States House of Representatives elections
There were nine elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1895, during 53rd United States Congress and the 54th United States Congress. Republicans held six seats, won one, and lost one. Democrats, the party of President Grover Cleveland, held one seat and gained one seat. Democrats held the House majority in the 53rd Congress and Republicans held it in the 54th.

Eight of the elections were special elections to fill vacant seats and one was an initial election for a seat in the new state of Utah. Five of the vacant seats were caused by the incumbent's death and two were caused by the incumbent's resignation.

Elections are listed by date and district.

54th United States Congress
The 54th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1897, during the last two years of Grover Cleveland's second presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. The House had a Republican majority, and the Republicans were the largest party in the Senate.
Frank Bissell (politician)
Frank Bissell (January 12, 1878 – June 23, 1970) was an American politician. He was born on the family farm in Cass County, Iowa, on January 12, 1878. He was a farmer and laborer until June 1905 when he moved to Dexter, Iowa, and began working in agricultural real estate. He was elected to a single term on the Iowa Senate in 1928 as a Republican representing District 17, which at the time included Dallas, Guthrie and Audubon counties. After serving as a state senator for four years, he moved to Creston in 1936, and later retired from real estate. He died at Friendship Manor, a nursing home in Grinnell on June 23, 1970.

Guthrie County, Iowa
Guthrie County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,623. The county seat is Guthrie Center. The county was formed on January 15, 1851, and named after Captain Edwin B. Guthrie, who died in the Mexican–American War. Guthrie County is one of the six counties that make up the Des Moines metropolitan area.
2025 Los Cabos Open – Singles
Denis Shapovalov defeated Aleksandar Kovacevic in the final, 6–4, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Los Cabos Open. He did not lose a set en route to his fourth career ATP Tour title, and first outside of indoor hardcourts. Shapovalov and Kovacevic were the first pair of players with one-handed backhands to contest an ATP Tour final since Stefanos Tsitsipas and Dominic Thiem at the 2019 ATP Finals.

Jordan Thompson was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament began.

2019 ATP Finals – Singles
Stefanos Tsitsipas defeated Dominic Thiem in the final, 6–7(6–8), 6–2, 7–6(7–4) to win the singles tennis title at the 2019 ATP Finals. Tsitsipas was making his tournament debut. It marked the first instance since 2005, and only the fourth instance overall, that the Tour Finals champion was determined via a final-set tiebreak.

Alexander Zverev was the defending champion, but was defeated by Thiem in the semifinals.

Alongside Tsitsipas, Daniil Medvedev and Matteo Berrettini made their tournament debuts.

This marked the final Tour Finals appearance for six-time champion Roger Federer; age 38, he lost in the semifinals to Tsitsipas.

Rafael Nadal secured the year-end No. 1 ranking for the fifth time after Novak Djokovic was eliminated in the round-robin stage.
Episode 1 (Humans series 1)
"Episode 1" is the first episode of the first series of Humans, a show based on Real Humans and co-produced by Channel 4 and AMC. It originally aired in the UK on 14 June 2015 and in the US on 28 June 2015. In this episode, Joe buys a "synth" (synthetic human) for his family, to his wife's horror. Meanwhile, George cannot bear to abandon his outdated synth Odi. The episode was watched live by 5.47 million people in the UK and 1.73 million people in the US. It received mostly positive reviews.

Humans (TV series)
Humans is a science fiction television series that debuted in June 2015 on Channel 4 and on AMC. Written by Jonathan Brackley and Sam Vincent, based on the Swedish science fiction drama Real Humans, the series explores the themes of artificial intelligence, robotics, and their effects on the future of humanity, focusing on the social, cultural, and psychological impact of the invention and marketing of anthropomorphic robots called "synths". The series is produced jointly by Channel 4 and Kudos in the United Kingdom, and AMC in the United States.

Eight episodes were produced for the first series which aired between 14 June and 2 August 2015. The second eight-episode series was broadcast in the UK between 30 October and 18 December 2016. A third series was commissioned in March 2017 and aired eight episodes between 17 May and 5 July 2018. In May 2019, Channel 4 announced that the series had been cancelled.
Tamms Community High School
Tamms Community High School, later Alexander County Central High School, was a public high school in Tamms, Illinois.

It served Tamms, Elco, Hodges Park, Olive Branch, Sandusky, and Unity. In 1954 it was the high school in the county with the most students.

It was part of Tamms Community High School District No. 37. It had territory in Alexander County and Pulaski County.

Alexander County, Illinois
Alexander County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,240. Its county seat is Cairo and its western boundary is formed by the Mississippi River.

Alexander County is part of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area which is made up of jurisdictions on both sides of the Mississippi River.
Molot Bekas-M
The Molot Bekas-M (Russian: "snipe") is a series of Russian pump-action shotguns manufactured by the Molot machine plant in Vyatskie Polyany, Kirov Oblast. The Bekas-M series comprises a wide variety of models, all of which share the same basic receiver and action, but differ in barrel length and choke options. Some models are sold in combination sets (with a single receiver and two barrels), some are supplied with a plastic pistol grip, and most models have a walnut stock and forearm. Its classical design and consistent quality, together with the availability of low-priced sets with two barrels, helped it to gain popularity among hunters and home-defense enthusiasts in Russia.

Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast (Russian: Кировская область, romanized: Kirovskaya oblast', IPA: [ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population is 1,341,312.
Morchella fluvialis
Morchella fluvialis is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae. It was described as new to science in 2014 by Clowez and colleagues, following collections from riparian forests in Spain under Alnus glutinosa, Ulmus minor and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, although previous collections from Turkey under Pinus nigra have also been reported. This species, which corresponds to phylogenetic lineage Mes-18, is very close to Morchella esculenta, from which it differs in its elongated cap with oblong pits and predominantly longitudinal ridges, pronounced rufescence, as well as its Mediterranean hygrophilic distribution along rivers and streams.

Rufous
Rufous (/ˈruːfəs/) is a color that may be described as reddish-brown or brownish-red, as of rust or oxidised iron. The first recorded use of rufous as a color name in English was in 1782. However, the color is also recorded earlier in 1527 as a diagnostic urine color.

The word "rufous" is derived from the Latin rufus, meaning "red", and is used as an adjective in the names of many animals—especially birds—to describe the color of their skin, fur, or plumage.