hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1852 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
A presidential election was held in Pennsylvania on November 2, 1852, as part of the 1852 United States presidential election. Voters chose 27 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Pennsylvania voted for the Democratic candidate, Franklin Pierce, over the Whig candidate, Winfield Scott. Pierce won the state by a margin of 5.02%.

Bradford, McKean, Potter and Tioga counties have only voted Democratic once since this election, in 1964.

Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Bradford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, its population was 59,967. Its county seat is Towanda.  The county was created on February 21, 1810, from parts of Lycoming and Luzerne Counties. Originally called Ontario County, it was reorganized and separated from Lycoming County on October 13, 1812, and renamed Bradford County for William Bradford, who had been a chief justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and United States Attorney General. The county is part of the Northeast region of the commonwealth.

Bradford County comprises the Sayre, Pennsylvania micropolitan statistical area.

The county is not to be confused with the city of Bradford, which is in McKean County, 141 miles to the west via U.S. Route 6.
Ruslan Balanda
Ruslan Balanda (Ukrainian: Руслан Баланда; born 26 December 1992) is a Ukrainian Nordic combined skier. He was born in Kremenets.

He represented Ukraine at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 in Falun.

Kremenets
Kremenets (Ukrainian: Кременець, IPA: [kremeˈnɛtsʲ]; Polish: Krzemieniec; Yiddish: קרעמעניץ, romanized: Kremenits) is a city in Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kremenets Raion, and lies 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of the Pochaiv Lavra. The city is situated in the historic region of Volhynia and features the 12th-century Kremenets Castle. It hosts the administration of Kremenets urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 20,476 (2022 estimate).
Nerve complex
In topology, the nerve complex of a set family is an abstract complex that records the pattern of intersections between the sets in the family. It was introduced by Pavel Alexandrov and now has many variants and generalisations, among them the Čech nerve of a cover, which in turn is generalised by hypercoverings. It captures many of the interesting topological properties in an algorithmic or combinatorial way.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
Florida Bureau of Braille and Talking Books Library
The Florida Bureau of Braille and Talking Books Library is the largest library of its kind within the United States. It is part of the system of libraries of the National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled.

It offers a wide variety of material with over 2.4 million items available in braille and audio format. Lending from the library is made accessible through monthly catalogs that allow patrons to request and borrow materials that will then be mailed to them. The library serves nearly 32,000 patrons. The main branch is located in Daytona Beach, Florida, with ten subregional libraries helping to extend their reach around the state.

National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled
The National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) is a free library program of braille and audio materials such as books and magazines circulated to eligible borrowers in the United States and American citizens living abroad by postage-free mail and online download. The program is sponsored by the Library of Congress. People may be eligible if they are blind, have a visual disability that prevents them from reading normal print, or a physical disability that keeps them from holding a book. Library materials are distributed to regional and subregional libraries and then circulated to eligible patrons. In total there are 55 regional libraries, 32 subregional libraries, and 14 advisory and outreach centers serving the United States and its territories: the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam.
Neviusia
Neviusia, the snow-wreaths, is a genus of ornamental plants, which are native to the United States, containing two extant species and one extinct species known from fossil leaves. This genus is a rare example of a disjunct range occurring in North America. The type species, Neviusia alabamensis, occurs in several southeastern states, while second extant species, Neviusia cliftonii, is endemic to the Mt Shasta region of California, and the extinct species Neviusia dunthornei is found in shale deposits in the Okanagan Highlands of Washington and British Columbia. It is named for Episcopal priest and botanist Reuben Nevius.

Disjunct distribution
In biology, a taxon with a disjunct distribution is one that has two or more groups that are related but considerably separated from each other geographically. The causes are varied and might demonstrate either the expansion or contraction of a species' range.
Commemoration of Casimir Pulaski
Casimir Pulaski ( March 6, 1745 – October 11, 1779) was a Polish nobleman, soldier and military commander who has been called "the father of the American cavalry". He has had hundreds of monuments, memorial plaques, streets, parks and similar objects named after him.

Georgia Historical Society
The Georgia Historical Society (GHS), formerly the Georgia Historical Commission, is a statewide historical society in Georgia, United States. Headquartered in Savannah, Georgia, GHS is one of the oldest historical organizations in the United States. Since 1839, the society has collected, examined, and taught Georgia history through a variety of educational outreach programs, publications, and research services.
Irbeysky District
Irbeysky District (Russian: Ирбе́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai and borders with Kansky and Ilansky Districts in the north, Irkutsk Oblast in the east and south, Rybinsky District in the southwest, and with Sayansky District in the west. The area of the district is 10,921 square kilometers (4,217 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Irbeyskoye. Population: 16,784 (2010 Census); 19,181 (2002 Census); 21,572 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Irbeyskoye accounts for 27.9% of the district's total population.

Krai
A krai or kray is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.

Etymologically, the word is related to the verb кроить (kroítǐ [krɐˈitʲ]), meaning 'to cut'. Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word krai also means 'border' or 'edge', i.e., 'a place of the cut-off'. In English the term is often translated as 'territory'. As of 2015, the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts.
Vanya
Vanya (Cyrillic: Ваня) is a Slavic unisex given name, hypocorism of the given names Ivan and Ivana, found in Russia and elsewhere. It is also found as a female given name in Bulgaria.

Notable people with the name include:

Ivana
Ivana is a feminine given name of Slavic origin that is also popular in southern Ireland, France, French-speaking Canada, the Mediterranean and Latin America. It is the feminine form of the name Ivan, which are both the Slavic cognates of the names Joanna and John. It may also be spelled as Ivanna.

In Croatia, the name Ivana was the most common feminine given name between 1970 and 1999.

Variants Iva and Ivanka are diminutives derived from Ivana. The name day is celebrated on April 4. In Croatia, the name day is celebrated on December 27. In Slovakia, the name day is celebrated on December 28. In North Macedonia, the name day is celebrated on July 07 - also known as Ivanden.
Templestowe
Templestowe is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 16 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Manningham local government area. Templestowe recorded a population of 16,966 at the 2021 census.

The suburb has a number of natural attractions, including parklands, contrasted with large shopping malls.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act
Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act is a scholarship law of the United States that was originally introduced by the 113th United States Congress on November 19, 2014, after the Senate and the United States House of Representatives passed it in 2020. It is primarily established to allow American educational institutions to increase the number of higher education scholarships based on merit-based and needs-based programs reserved for Pakistani women under the student financial aid program.

Passed in March 2020 and partially enacted on January 1, 2021, it is used to determine and address the scholarship programmes aimed at providing educational fundings for Pakistani women receiving higher education anywhere in the country. It is reportedly made available from 2020 and will continue till 2022 under the Higher Education Commission.

Student financial aid in the United States
Student financial aid in the United States is funding that is available exclusively to students attending a post-secondary educational institution in the United States. This funding is used to assist in covering the many costs incurred in pursuing post-secondary education. Financial aid is available from federal and state governments, educational institutions, and private organizations. It can be awarded through grants, loans, work-study, and scholarships. To apply for federal financial aid, students must first complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

The financial aid process has been criticized for its part in enrollment management, whereby students are awarded money not based on merit or need, but on the maximum the student families will pay.
1984 U.S. Pro Indoor
The 1984 U.S. Pro Indoor was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts that was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix. It was played at the Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States and took place from January 23 through January 29, 1984. Second-seeded John McEnroe won his third consecutive singles title at the event.

Spectrum (arena)
The Spectrum (later known as CoreStates Spectrum, First Union Spectrum and Wachovia Spectrum) was an indoor arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The arena opened in September 1967 as part of what is now known as the South Philadelphia Sports Complex. After several expansions of its seating capacity, it accommodated 18,168 for basketball and 17,380 for ice hockey, arena football, indoor soccer, and box lacrosse. It was the home arena for the Philadelphia Flyers and the Philadelphia 76ers from 1967 to 1996 before both moved to the CoreStates Center (known as Spectrum II during planning and construction, and currently named Xfinity Mobile Arena). The Spectrum continued to be used for concerts and as the home for other sports teams including a new AHL affiliate for the Flyers, the Philadelphia Phantoms.

The final event at the Spectrum was a Pearl Jam concert on October 31, 2009. The arena was demolished between November 2010 and May 2011.
Oldina, Tasmania
Oldina is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Waratah-Wynyard, in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the town of Wynyard. The 2016 census determined a population of 126 for the state suburb of Oldina.

Waratah–Wynyard Council
Waratah–Wynyard Council is a local government body in Tasmania, situated in the north-west of the state. Waratah-Wynyard is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 13,800, the major towns and localities of the region include Savage River, Sisters Beach, Somerset, Waratah and the principal town of Wynyard.
Trickster series
The Trickster series is an ongoing series of novels by American author Rob Thurman that are based around the fictional character of Trixa Iktomi, a bar owner and information broker in Las Vegas.  The series is set in the same fictional world as Thurman's New York Times Bestselling Cal Leandros series.  The first novel, Trick of the Light, was published on September 1, 2009, through Roc Fantasy.  Thurman announced on her website in 2011 that there would be at least one more book in the series.  The cover art for both the Trickster and Cal Leandros series is drawn by Christian McGrath, the same cover artist as the Dresden Files urban fantasy series.

Rob Thurman
Robyn Thurman, writing under the name Rob Thurman, is a New York Times Best Selling American novelist. To date, she has written three series and two short stories, totaling 17 books, and has been published in the US, UK, Germany, and Japan.

Her Cal Leandros series and her Trickster series share the same universe, and are classified as urban fantasy. Her Korsak Brothers series is a sci-fi thriller. In the short story anthology Wolfsbane and Mistletoe she was featured among other prominent urban fantasy writers like Charlaine Harris, Simon R. Green, Kat Richardson, and Patricia Briggs. Thurman did not reveal her gender initially, leaving the About the Author section ambiguous until the Deathwish novel in the Cal Leandros series.
Rhinorhipus
Rhinorhipus is a genus of beetles that contains a single species, Rhinorhipus tamborinensis from southern Queensland, Australia. It is the sole member of the family Rhinorhipidae and superfamily Rhinorhipoidea. It is an isolated lineage not closely related to any other living beetle, estimated to have split from other beetles at least 200 million years ago, with studies either considering them the sister group to Elateriformia, or as a member of Polyphaga, sister to all other lineages in that group.

They exhibit feigning death (thanatosis) when disturbed. Their ecology is poorly known; based on their morphology, it is likely that they are fossorial.

Fossorial
A fossorial animal (from Latin  fossor 'digger') is one that is adapted to digging and which lives primarily (but not solely) underground. Examples of fossorial vertebrates are moles, badgers, naked mole-rats, meerkats, armadillos, wombats, and mole salamanders. Among invertebrates, many molluscs (e.g., clams), insects (e.g., beetles, wasps, bees), and arachnids (e.g. spiders) are fossorial.
2021 Super Taikyu Series
The 2021 Super Taikyu Series Powered by Hankook was the thirty-first season of the Super Taikyu Series endurance racing championship. It began on 21 March at Twin Ring Motegi and ended on 14 November at Okayama International Circuit.

D'station Racing won the championship in the series' GT3 category, known as ST-X, with an Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT3.

This was the first season for the new ST-Q class, introduced for manufacturer-developed, non-homolgated special racing vehicles. In this class, Toyota and ROOKIE Racing introduced the Toyota Corolla H2 Concept, a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle based upon the Toyota Corolla Sport hatchback. This car made its racing debut at the Fuji SUPER TEC 24 Hours. Mazda debuted the Mazda Demio Bio Concept in the final round at Okayama, which ran on renewable biodiesel fuel.

Mazda2
The Mazda 2 (Japanese: マツダ・ツー, Hepburn: Matsuda Tsū) is a subcompact/supermini (B-segment) car, which has been available as a 4-door sedan and a 5 door hatchback manufactured and marketed by Mazda since 2002, currently in its third generation. An entry-level model of the brand in markets outside Japan, the Mazda2 is positioned below the Mazda3. The Mazda2 has also been marketed as the Mazda Demio (a name it kept in the Japanese market until 2019), while its direct predecessor was exported as the Mazda 121.

The second-generation Mazda2 earned the 2008 World Car of the Year title, while the third-generation model was awarded the 2014–2015 Japanese Car of the Year.

The third-generation model was sold in North America as the Scion iA and Toyota Yaris, Yaris iA and Yaris R.

A separate, gasoline-hybrid version based on the Toyota Yaris Hybrid has been sold in Europe under the same Mazda2 nameplate since 2022 alongside the gasoline-powered third-generation Mazda2.
Ifigenia in Tauride (Jommelli)
Ifigenia in Tauride is an opera (opera seria) in three acts by Niccolò Jommelli set to a libretto by the Mannheim court poet Mattia Verazi. It premiered on 30 May 1771 at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples to celebrate the name day of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. The story is based on Iphigenia in Tauris by Euripides.

Mannheim Palace
Mannheim Palace (German: Mannheimer Schloss) is a large Baroque palace in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was originally the main residence of the Prince-electors of the Electorate of the Palatinate of the House of Wittelsbach until 1777. Part of the palace is used today by the University of Mannheim. The castle, which features tapestries, furniture, paintings, porcelain and silverware can be visited on a free-flow basis with audioguides.
Cwen
Cwen may be:

an Old English term associated with Kvenland, an area in Scandinavia
Kven Sea
Kven people
Cwen language or Kven language

an Old English word for "queen" or "woman"

Society of Cwens, a former American honorary society

Lambda Sigma
Lambda Sigma (ΛΣ) is an American college honor society for second-year students. Originally named the Society of Cwens, the society was established at the University of Pittsburgh in 1922 as a women's honors society and became a national organization in 1925. The society is "dedicated to the purpose of fostering leadership, scholarship, fellowship, and the spirit of service among college students, and to promoting the interests of the college or university in every possible way".
Daniel Nord
Daniel Nord, born 1968, is a former Deputy Director of Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). He currently works for the National Inspectorate of Strategic Products which handels non-proliferation and export control issues. He has an international law background with extensive experience on non-proliferation and disarmament affairs, international humanitarian law and human rights.

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is an international institute based in Stockholm, Sweden. It was founded in 1966 and provides data, analysis and recommendations for armed conflict, military expenditure and arms trade as well as disarmament and arms control. The research is based on open sources and is directed to decision-makers, researchers, media and the interested public.

SIPRI's organizational purpose is to conduct scientific research in issues on conflict and cooperation of importance for international peace and security, with the goal of contributing to an understanding for the conditions for a peaceful solution of international conflicts and sustainable peace.

SIPRI was ranked among the top three non-US world-wide think tanks in 2014 by the University of Pennsylvania Lauder Institute's Global Go To Think Tanks Report. In 2020, SIPRI ranked 34th amongst think tanks globally.
Emmett (name)
Emmett is a unisex given name primarily used for males, and is also used as a surname. It may be connected to the given name Emma, or the place of Emmott, Lancashire (now known as Laneshawbridge, but still containing Emmott Hall), or it is connected to the Hebrew word אמת (emét), "Truth", or old Persian word (امید), "Hope or Aspiration". It could, however, also come from the old English word for an ant, as still used in Cornwall.

People with this name include:

Emmott Hall
Emmott Hall was a country house in the village of Laneshawbridge, Colne, Lancashire, England.

It stood on high ground two and a half miles east of Colne near the junction of the River Laneshaw and the Hullown Beck, facing south towards the Wycoller Valley. The main part of the house consisted of two-storey west and north wings built in the 16th or early 17th century, which had been re-fronted in ashlar stone, together with other alterations, in the 18th century.

Within the grounds of the hall was the Hullown Well or Saint's Well, a square stone structure, probably a baptismal pool, with dressed stonework measuring 18 feet long by 16 feet wide and 10 feet deep with 14 steps descending into the water. Although in poor condition, it can still be viewed. A 7 foot high medieval cross-shaft, (the Emmott Cross or Touchcross) used to stand close to the well, but was moved to Colne churchyard  when the hall was demolished.
August 1980 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Tuesday, August 26, 1980, with an umbral magnitude of −0.2531. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 1.7 days before perigee (on August 27, 1980, at 20:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.