hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Venetian Blind (novel)
Venetian Blind is a 1959 suspense novel by the British author William Haggard published in England by Cassell and in the United States by Ives Washburn. It was Haggard's second of 21 books involving his urbane protagonist Colonel Charles Russell, the head of the unobtrusive but lethal Security Executive, a government counter-intelligence agency clearly based on the actual MI5 or Security Service, where he moves easily and gracefully along C. P. Snow's Corridors of Power in Whitehall. Like all of Haggard's books it has standard elements of suspense thrillers but in addition there is an almost Henry Jamiesian exposition of British establishment mores and character, in both the government and in the world of upper-class financiers, scientists, industrialists, their families, and hangers-on, making it very much a novel of character.

C. P. Snow
Charles Percy Snow, Baron Snow (15 October 1905 – 1 July 1980) was an English novelist and physical chemist who also served in several important positions in the British Civil Service and briefly in the UK government. He is best known for his series of novels known collectively as Strangers and Brothers, and for "The Two Cultures", a 1959 lecture in which he laments the gulf between scientists and "literary intellectuals".
Salah Marghani
Salah Bashir Marghani is a Libyan jurist, and the former justice minister in the post-civil war government of Libya. He was part of Prime Minister Ali Zeidan's initial cabinet and took office on 14 November 2012.

Ali Zeidan
Ali Zeidan (sometimes written as Zidan; Arabic: علي زيدان; born 5 December 1950) is a former prime minister of Libya. He was appointed by the General National Congress on 14 October 2012, and took office on 14 November after Congress approved his cabinet nominees. Prior to the Libyan Civil War, Zeidan was a Geneva-based human rights lawyer. According to the BBC, he is considered by some local observers as a strong-minded liberal. He was ousted by the parliament committee and fled from Libya on 14 March 2014. However, he told a press conference in Rabat, Morocco, that the ousting was invalid.
Days into Years
Days Into Years is the third full-length album by Canadian alternative country band Elliott Brood, released September 27, 2011 on Paper Bag Records. The recording is also available on vinyl.

The album's first single, "If I Get Old", was inspired by a visit to the Étaples Military Cemetery in France, where many dead Canadian soldiers from World War I are buried. The album also includes the band's song "West End Sky", originally composed for the soundtrack to Adriana Maggs' film Grown Up Movie Star. This song was nominated for Best Achievement in Music – Original Song at the 31st Genie Awards.

31st Genie Awards
The 31st Genie Awards ceremony was held on March 10, 2011 to honour films released in 2010. Nominations were announced on February 2, 2011.

William Shatner was announced as the ceremony's host on February 16.
Treaty of Stensby
The Treaty of Stensby was an agreement between king Valdemar II of Denmark and the Teutonic Order, signed on 7 June 1238 in Stensby on the island of Zealand in Denmark, and confirmed by Innocent IV in September 1243. The arrangement transferred northern maritime Estonia to the Kingdom of Denmark in exchange for military support.

The treaty concerned the following four ancient counties of Estonia:

Revala (Latin: Revalia; Danish: Reval; English: Reval), the area around Reval, modern-day Tallinn

Järva (Latin: Gerwia; Danish: Gervien; English: Jerwia)

Harju (Latin: Harria; Danish: Harrien; English: Harria)

Virumaa (Latin: Wironia; Danish: Virland; English: Vironia)

Ancient Estonia
Ancient Estonia refers to a period covering the History of Estonia from the middle of the 8th millennium BC until the conquest and subjugation of the local Finnic tribes in the first quarter of the 13th century during the Teutonic and Danish Northern Crusades.
True and false (commands)
true and false are shell commands that exit immediately with exit status 0 or 1, respectively. As a script sets its process exit status to the value of the last command it runs, these commands can be used to set the exit status of a script run. All Unix shells interpret an exit status of zero as success and non-zero (usually) as failure, so true sets success and false sets failure.

The commands are available in Unix-like operating systems.

GNU
GNU (/ɡnuː/ ⓘ GNOO) is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025), which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).

GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a "technical means to a social end". Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman's book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about "the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice".
Babu (1971 film)
Babu is a 1971 Indian Tamil-language film directed by A. C. Tirulokchandar. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Vijayasri, Sowcar Janaki, and Vennira Aadai Nirmala. It is a remake of the Malayalam film Odayil Ninnu, which itself was based on P. Kesavadev's novel of the same name. Ganesan played a rickshaw puller who adopts his landlord's daughter. The film became a blockbuster at the box office, running for over 100 days in theatres.

Vennira Aadai Nirmala
Vennira Aadai Nirmala (born as A. B. Shanthi in Kumbakonam) is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. She was a prominent lead actress from 1960s and 70s. She is credited as Ushakumari in Malayalam film industry.
Angevin invasion of Sicily
The Angevin invasion of Sicily (1298–1302) was a military campaign launched against the Kingdom of Sicily by an alliance of the Angevin Kingdom of Naples, the Crown of Aragon, and the papacy during the War of the Sicilian Vespers. Fought in the final years of the 20-year long war, the campaign saw the alliance make some territorial gains on the island before ultimately withdrawing in the face of Sicilian resistance.

Marked by sieges, guerilla warfare, and engagements at sea, the invasion saw the Angevin–Aragonese–Papal allies engage in operations to seize control over major cities in Sicily, with varying degrees of success. However, controlling the Sicilian interior proved to be difficult, and allied control was only consistently established in northeast and southeast Sicily. The failure of the final allied offensive in 1302 directly led to the signing of the Peace of Caltabellotta, the treaty that concluded the War of the Sicilian Vespers.

Palazzolo Acreide
Palazzolo Acreide (Sicilian: Palazzolu, in the local dialect: Palazzuolu) is a town and comune in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily (southern Italy). It is 43 kilometres (27 mi) from the city of Syracuse in the Hyblean Mountains. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Valleys of Nepal
The valleys of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालका उपत्यकाहरू) are situated in three physiographic regions: Terai, Hilly, and Himal. As Nepal is landlocked by India on three sides and China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the north, much of its population is concentrated in valleys and lowlands.

Terai
The Terai or Tarai is a lowland region in parts of southern Nepal and northern India that lies to the south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas, the Sivalik Hills and north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. 
This region is characterised by tall grasslands, scrub savannah, sal forests and clay rich swamps. In North India, the Terai spreads from the Yamuna River eastward across Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. The Terai is part of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion.
Nepal's Terai stretches over 33,998.8 km2 (13,127.0 sq mi), about 23.1% of Nepal's land area, and lies at an elevation of between 67 and 300 m (220 and 984 ft). The region comprises more than 50 wetlands. North of the Terai rises the Bhabar, a narrow but continuous belt of forest about 8–12 km (5.0–7.5 mi) wide.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Comminges
The former French Catholic diocese of Comminges existed at least from the sixth century, to the French Revolution. The seat of the bishops was at Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, now no more than a village, in the modern department of Haute-Garonne in south-west France. The territory of the old diocese now belongs to the archdiocese of Toulouse.  The name of Comminges was incorporated into the titulature of the archbishop of Toulouse on 19 January 1935.  He is now the archbishop of Toulouse-Saint Bertrand de Comminges-Rieux.

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Advance and Vanquish
Advance and Vanquish is the second studio album by Canadian heavy metal band 3 Inches of Blood. It was released on September 28, 2004, and was their first release by Roadrunner Records. It is the only release by the band to feature bassist and drummer Brian Redman and Matt Wood respectively, and the last to feature original guitarists Sunny Dhak and Bobby Froese who later went on to reform their previous band Pride Tiger. The cover art was illustrated by Edward Repka who has also designed album covers for such acclaimed bands as Megadeth and Death.

Death (metal band)
Death was an American death metal band formed in Altamonte Springs, Florida, in 1983 by guitarist Chuck Schuldiner (who later became the band's sole vocalist), drummer/vocalist Kam Lee and guitarist Rick Rozz. Formed out of what would become the Florida death metal scene, Death is considered a pioneering band in death metal. The band's 1987 debut album, Scream Bloody Gore, has been widely regarded as one of the first death metal records, alongside the first records from Possessed and Necrophagia.

Death had a fluctuating lineup, with Schuldiner, aside from a European tour, being the sole consistent member. The group's style progressed from the raw sound on its first two albums to a more complex one in its later stage. The band disbanded after Schuldiner died of glioma and pneumonia in December 2001, but remains an enduring influence on death metal.
All Together Now (2018 Australian TV series)
All Together Now is an Australian reality television music competition on the Seven Network which was presented by Julia Zemiro and Ronan Keating. It was based on the British show of the same name.

In June 2019, the series was cancelled and would not return for a second season.

Julia Zemiro
Julia Zemiro (/zəmɪəroʊ/; born c. 1967) is an Australian television presenter, radio host, actress, singer, writer, and comedian. She is best known as the host of the music quiz and live performance show RocKwiz. Zemiro, who was born in France, is a fluent English and French speaker and has acted in French.
Symposium on Theory of Computing
The Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science. STOC has been organized annually since 1969, typically in May or June; the conference is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery special interest group SIGACT. Acceptance rate of STOC, averaged from 1970 to 2012, is 31%, with the rate of 29% in 2012.

As Fich (1996) writes, STOC and its annual IEEE counterpart FOCS (the Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science) are considered the two top conferences in theoretical computer science, considered broadly: they “are forums for some of the best work throughout theory of computing that promote breadth among theory of computing researchers and help to keep the community together.” Johnson (1984) includes regular attendance at STOC and FOCS as one of several defining characteristics of theoretical computer scientists.

Avi Wigderson
Avi Wigderson (Hebrew: אבי ויגדרזון; born 9 September 1956) is an Israeli computer scientist and mathematician. He is the Herbert H. Maass Professor in the school of mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America. His research interests include complexity theory, parallel algorithms, graph theory, cryptography, and distributed computing. Wigderson received the Abel Prize in 2021 for his work in theoretical computer science. He also received the 2023 Turing Award for his contributions to the understanding of randomness in the theory of computation.
1960 Paris–Roubaix
The 1960 Paris–Roubaix was the 58th edition of the Paris–Roubaix cycle race and was held on 10 April 1960. The race started in Compiègne and finished in Roubaix. The race was won by Pino Cerami of the Peugeot team.

Peugeot (cycling team)
Peugeot team was a French professional cycling team that promoted and rode Peugeot racing bikes.

It is listed as the most successful cycling team of all time on cyclingranking.com, with a large margin on the second placed team, Alcyon.
2024 Bosnia and Herzegovina floods
During the night of 3–4 October 2024, central and southern Bosnia and Herzegovina experienced severe flooding, the worst since the 2014 Southeast Europe floods, due to an atmospheric river formed over the Adriatic Sea. Several central towns were flooded, and numerous towns and villages became inaccessible as roads, bridges, and railways were obstructed by floodwaters and landslides. Twenty-seven people were confirmed dead.

Atmospheric river
An atmospheric river (AR) is a narrow corridor or filament of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere. Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume, tropical connection, moisture plume, water vapor surge, and cloud band.

Atmospheric rivers consist of narrow bands of enhanced water vapor transport, typically along the boundaries between large areas of divergent surface air flow, including some frontal zones in association with extratropical cyclones that form over the oceans. Pineapple Express storms are the most commonly represented and recognized type of atmospheric rivers; the name is due to the warm water vapor plumes originating over the Hawaiian tropics that follow various paths towards western North America, arriving at latitudes from California and the Pacific Northwest to British Columbia and even southeast Alaska.
Leap Day (Modern Family)
"Leap Day" is the 17th episode of the third season of the American sitcom Modern Family, and the series' 65th episode overall. It aired on February 29, 2012. The episode was written by Danny Zuker and directed by Gail Mancuso.

Jesse Tyler Ferguson
Jesse Tyler Ferguson (born October 22, 1975) is an American actor. From 2009 to 2020, he portrayed Mitchell Pritchett on the sitcom Modern Family, for which he earned five consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.

He is also known for his theatrical work, winning a Tony Award in 2022 for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Take Me Out, and originating the role of Leaf Coneybear in the original Broadway cast of The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee in 2006.

Ferguson made his Broadway debut in On the Town (1998), He has appeared in numerous productions of Shakespeare in the Park, acting in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2007), A Winter's Tale (2010), The Merchant of Venice (2010), The Tempest (2015), and Twelfth Night; or What You Will (2025).

In 2016, he starred on Broadway in Fully Committed, for which he won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance.
Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range
The Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range (also spelled Kimsachata, Aymara and Quechua kimsa three, Pukina chata mountain, "three mountains", Hispanicized spellings Quimsachata, Quimsa Chata) is situated in Bolivia south east of Wiñaymarka Lake, the southern part of Lake Titicaca, in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province. The range is named after one of highest mountains, the Kimsa Chata complex rising up to 4,735 metres (15,535 ft) about 15 km south of  Tiwanaku.

The range stretches from north to south-east almost parallel to the Taraco range north of it. Wakira River flows through the valley between the two ranges and Jach'a Jawira flows along its southern slopes.

Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (/tɪtɪˈkɑːkə/; Spanish: Lago Titicaca [ˈlaɣo titiˈkaka]; Quechua: Titiqaqa and Aymara: Titiqaqa) is a large lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. It is often listed as a freshwater lake, though its waters are slightly brackish.  Titicaca is the largest lake in South America, both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It is the 18th largest lake in the world.  It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).
Saint-Clément-de-Rivière
Saint-Clément-de-Rivière (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ klemɑ̃ də ʁivjɛʁ]; Languedocien: Sant Clamenç, before 1985: Saint-Clément) is a municipality located close to Montpellier, in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.
Chuck Soderberg
Chuck Soderberg (born May 24, 1957) was the Iowa State Representative from the 5th District.  He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2005 through 2015.  Soderberg was born in Burt, Iowa.  He has a B.A. in education from Westmar College.

As of January 2013, Soderberg serves on several committees in the Iowa House – Commerce and Environmental Protections committees.  He also serves as the chair of the Appropriations Committee.

Soderberg has been employed by the energy cooperative Northwest Iowa Power Cooperative for the past 24 years and is currently vice president of Planning and Legislative Services at NIPCO.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Protein carbonylation
In biochemistry, protein carbonylation refers to oxidation of the side chains of proteins to introduce ketone (>C=O) and aldehyde (−CH=O) groups in a protein.  The following amino acid residues are affected:

prolyl to pyrrolidone

glutamyl to glutamic semialdehyde

lysyl to aminoadipic acid semialdehyde

threonyl to amino ketobutyric acid

Carbonylation is typically assumed to be the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacking the protein side chain.  ROS species include hydroperoxide or lipic hydroperoxides.  Protein carbonylation is of interest because of its association with various diseases. Oxidative stress, often metal catalyzed, leads to protein carbonylation.

Hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxides or peroxols are compounds of the form ROOH, where R stands for any group, typically organic, which contain the hydroperoxy functional group (−OOH). Hydroperoxide also refers to the hydroperoxide anion (−OOH) and its salts, and the neutral hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH) consist of an unbound hydroperoxy group. When R is organic, the compounds are called organic hydroperoxides. Such compounds are a subset of organic peroxides, which have the formula ROOR. Organic hydroperoxides can either intentionally or unintentionally initiate explosive polymerisation in materials with saturated chemical bonds.
Kashmere High School
Kashmere High School is a secondary school in Houston, Texas that serves grades 9 through 12; it is a part of the Houston Independent School District (HISD). It is located in the Trinity Gardens neighborhood, and its namesake is the nearby Kashmere Gardens neighborhood.

Kashmere contains the Conrad O. Johnson School of Fine Arts, an HISD magnet-school program.

Houston Press
The Houston Press is an online newspaper published in Houston, Texas, United States. It is headquartered in the Midtown area. It was also a weekly print newspaper until November 2017.

The publication is supported entirely by advertising revenue and is free to readers. It reports a monthly readership of 1.6 million online users. Prior to the 2017 cessation of the print edition, the Press was found in restaurants, coffee houses, and local retail stores. New weekly editions were distributed on Thursdays.
Elisabeth of Wetzikon
Elisabeth of Wetzikon (1235 – 1298 in Zürich) was imperial abbess of the Fraumünster abbey in Zürich from 1270 until 1298, when the abbey was at the height of its power, having extensive properties reaching well into Central Switzerland (governing for example the canton of Uri) and political authority over the city of Zurich: Elisabeth appointed the mayor of Zurich and his deputy, she was the supreme judge of the city, and she collected the trade taxes (tariffs).

There are 170 surviving documents containing her name, some of them with her seal. In a document dated 25 January 1274,
Rudolph of Habsburg granted her the right to mint coins.

Elisabeth was a daughter of the Freiherr Ulrich von Wetzikon. She is first mentioned in 1265 as a nun of the Fraumünster abbey.

Canton of Uri
The canton of Uri (German: Kanton Uri [ˈuːri] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Uri; French: Canton d'Uri; Italian: Canton Uri) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and a founding member of the Swiss Confederation. It is located in Central Switzerland. The canton's territory covers the valley of the Reuss between the St. Gotthard Pass and Lake Lucerne.

The official language of Uri is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken dialect is the Alemannic Swiss German called Urner German.

Uri was once the only canton whose children in school had to learn Italian as their first foreign language, but in the school year of 2005/2006, that was changed to English, as in other Central and Northeastern Swiss cantons. The canton's population is about 35,000, of which 3,046 (or 8.7%) are foreigners.

The legendary William Tell is said to have hailed from Uri. The historical landmark Rütli lies within the canton of Uri.