hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solid of revolution
In geometry, a solid of revolution is a solid figure obtained by rotating a plane figure around some straight line (the axis of revolution), which may not intersect the generatrix (except at its boundary). The surface created by this revolution and which bounds the solid is the surface of revolution.

Assuming that the curve does not cross the axis, the solid's volume is equal to the length of the circle described by the figure's centroid multiplied by the figure's area (Pappus's second centroid theorem).

A representative disc is a three-dimensional volume element of a solid of revolution.  The element is created by rotating a line segment (of length w) around some axis (located r units away), so that a cylindrical volume of πr2w units is enclosed.

Generatrix
In geometry, a generatrix (/dʒɛnəˈreɪtrɪks/) or describent is a point, curve or surface that, when moved along a given path, generates a new shape. The path directing the motion of the generatrix motion is called a directrix or dirigent.
Popeye protein conserved region
Popeye protein conserved region is common to a family of evolutionarily related proteins, the Popeye domain containing (POPDC) family of proteins, which is found in many animal phyla (vertebrates, lower chordates, arthropodes, mollusca and some protostomia).

In vertebrates it is preferentially expressed in developing and adult striated muscle (heart and skeletal muscle). It is represented by a conserved region, the Popeye domain, which functions as a cAMP-binding domain. All POPDC proteins also have three potential transmembrane domains. The strong conservation of POPDC genes during evolution and their preferential expression in heart and skeletal muscle suggest that these proteins may have an important function in these tissues in vertebrates.

Striated muscle tissue
Striated muscle tissue is a muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres. Under the microscope,  sarcomeres are visible along muscle fibers, giving a striated appearance to the tissue. The two types of striated muscle are skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.
Tornadoes of 2010
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2010. The majority of tornadoes form in the U.S., but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. A lesser number occur outside the U.S., most notably in parts of neighboring southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer season, but are also known in South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

There were 1,266 tornadoes confirmed in the United States in 2010, with 45 confirmed fatalities. Elsewhere in the world, 62 people were killed in tornadoes: 51 in China, six in Argentina, three in the Bahamas and one each in Bangladesh and Germany. The year was near average for tornadoes despite an extremely quiet early spring period, however such changed after a huge upswing starting in late April and a busy late spring and summer period. The autumn months were slightly above average.

Upper Midwest
The Upper Midwest is a northern subregion of the U.S. Census Bureau's Midwestern United States. Although the exact boundaries are not uniformly agreed upon, the region is usually defined to include the states of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, North Dakota, and South Dakota; some definitions include parts of Nebraska and Illinois.
Sarah Kucserka
Sarah Anne Kucserka (born September 8, 1976) is an American television producer and writer.

Her credits include Mercy, Brothers & Sisters, GCB and Hart of Dixie. In 2007, she won a Writers Guild of America, West Award for her work on the series Ugly Betty, sharing the award with the writing staff. She is a frequent collaborator with fellow producer/writer Veronica West.

In addition to her television writing and producing work, she has also (in various ways) assisted in the production of the films Venom and Cursed, and the television series Glory Days and Wasteland, all of which are works of screenwriter Kevin Williamson.

Hart of Dixie
Hart of Dixie is an American comedy-drama television series that aired on The CW from September 26, 2011, to March 27, 2015. The series, created by Leila Gerstein, stars Rachel Bilson as Dr. Zoe Hart, a New Yorker who, after her dreams of becoming a heart surgeon fall apart, accepts an offer to work as a general practitioner in the fictional Gulf Coast town of Bluebell, Alabama.

Hart of Dixie premiered on September 26, 2011. The show was scheduled to move back to Mondays in the fall for its third season, having been paired with Beauty & the Beast. The show's third season premiered on October 7, 2013.

On May 8, 2014, The CW renewed the show for its fourth season. On July 18, 2014, The CW president Mark Pedowitz announced that Hart of Dixie would have ten episodes for its fourth season, which premiered on December 15, 2014. On March 14, 2015, Leila Gerstein revealed that season four of Hart of Dixie would be its last. The CW officially canceled the show on May 7, 2015.
Skyline (Sweden)
Skyline (IATA: OX) was a Swedish charter airline which operated from 1971 to 1978. It had a fleet of Vickers Viscount aircraft, operating between one and three at any given time and a total of five aircraft. Based in Malmö, it initially flew out of Malmö Bulltofta Airport. The airport closed in 1972 and Skyline moved to Malmö Sturup Airport.

From 1975 to 1977 the company experienced a major increase to traffic flying three aircraft for Linjeflyg for its scheduled, domestic network. Flying out of Stockholm Bromma Airport, it served seven towns in southern Sweden. On 15 January 1977 one its aircraft flying Linjeflyg Flight 618 crashed at Kälvesta during approach to Bromma, killing all 22 people on board. The Linjeflyg contract expired that year and the company ceased operations in 1978.

Vickers Viscount
The Vickers Viscount is a retired British medium-range turboprop airliner first flown in 1948 by Vickers-Armstrongs. A design requirement from the Brabazon Committee, it entered service in 1953 and was the first turboprop-powered airliner.

The Viscount was well received by the public for its cabin conditions, which included pressurisation, reductions in vibration and noise, and panoramic windows. It became one of the most successful and profitable of the first postwar transport aircraft; 445 Viscounts were built for a range of international customers, including in North America.
Six Studies in English Folk Song
Six Studies in English Folk Song is a piece of chamber music written by English composer Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1926. It is a collection of six English folk songs set for cello and piano. Each song follows the same format: presentation of the tune in the solo line, followed by a full iteration of the folk song in the piano with an ornamented solo line.

Originally written for cellist May Mukle and piano, Vaughan Williams wrote that his aim in setting the songs was for them to be “treated with love.” It has been transcribed by the composer and others for violin, viola, English horn, clarinet, bassoon, alto sax, euphonium, and tuba.

Never straying from his English roots, Vaughan Williams sought to organically weave elements of his native music into all of his compositions, rather than imitate it. One of the earliest researchers in ethnomusicology, he traveled the British countryside recording and transcribing folk music directly from its source.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Phul Makauri
Phul Makauri is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) away from branch post office Bahloor Kalan, 19.2 kilometres (11.9 mi) from Nawanshahr, 20.2 kilometres (12.6 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 85.5 kilometres (53.1 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Nawanshahr
Nawanshahr (Punjabi pronunciation: [nə.ʋä̃ːʃɛ́ːɾ]) is a municipal council in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was previously a town;  it later became a district in 1995.
Summerville Presbyterian Church and Cemetery
Summerville Presbyterian Church and Cemetery is a historic Presbyterian church and cemetery located near Lillington, Harnett County, North Carolina. The original church was built in 1811, burned down due to being struck by lightning, and was rebuilt in 1848.  It is a simple rectangular frame building with Greek Revival and Gothic Revival design elements.  The adjacent cemetery includes approximately 150 burial plots and a fine collection of mid and late-19th century markers.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Harnett County, North Carolina
Harnett County (/ˈhɑːrnɪt/ HAR-nit) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 133,568. Its county seat is Lillington; its largest community is Anderson Creek. Harnett County is part of the Anderson Creek, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.
La Trinidad
La Trinidad could be:

La Trinidad, Benguet, a municipality in the Philippines

La Trinidad, Buenos Aires, a settlement in General Arenales Partido in Argentina

La Trinidad, Estelí, a municipality in the Estelí department of Nicaragua

La Trinidad, Panama

La Trinidad, Benguet
La Trinidad ([lɐ tɾinɪˈdɐd]), officially the Municipality of La Trinidad (Ilocano: Ili ti La Trinidad; Tagalog: Bayan ng La Trinidad), is a  municipality and capital of the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 142,925 people.

The town is known for its strawberry fields, earning the title "Strawberry Fields of the Philippines". The municipality is within the Metro Baguio area.
Lila Neugebauer
Lila Neugebauer (/ˈlaɪlə ˈnɔɪɡəbaʊ.ər/; born 1985) is an American theatre director, writer and artistic director. After studying at Yale University she started directing numerous theatrical productions. She came to prominence directing the Broadway revival of Kenneth Lonergan's memory play The Waverly Gallery (2018) which was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play. She has since directed the Branden Jacobs-Jenkins family drama Appropriate (2023), for which she received a Tony Award nomination, Itamar Moses political satire The Ally (2024), and the Anton Chekhov revival Uncle Vanya (2024).

She had directed multiple episodes of the Mindy Kaling created HBO Max comedy series The Sex Lives of College Girls (2021–2022) and she made her directorial film debut with the A24 drama Causeway (2022) starring Jennifer Lawrence and Brian Tyree Henry.

Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play
The Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play has only been awarded since 1994. Prior to that, plays and musicals were considered together for the Tony Award for Best Revival. The award is given to the best non-musical play that has appeared on Broadway in a previous production, or which is determined to be a "classic" or in the historical or popular repertoire despite not having been produced on Broadway. The award goes to the producers of the play. In addition, as of 2026, authors (if living) are also eligible for the award for shows that are considered revivals but that have not previously appeared on Broadway.
Heath Voss
Heath Voss (born February 17, 1978) is an American former professional motocross racer. He competed in the AMA Motocross Championships from 1996 to 2010. Voss was born in Prior Lake, Minnesota, and is notable for winning the 2004 Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme Supercross world championship.

After retiring from motocross racing, Voss started a helicopter charter business flying hunters to remote locations.

AMA Motocross Championship
The AMA Motocross Championship (commercially known as Pro Motocross Championship) is an American motorcycle racing series. The motocross race series was founded and sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) in 1972. The series is the major outdoor motocross series in the United States and is sanctioned by AMA Pro Racing and managed by MX Sports Pro Racing.

With respect to the MXGP holding the discipline's worldwide title, and the advent of the FIM Supercross World Championship resulting in the AMA Supercross Championship losing its world title status, the two series will form the SuperMotocross World Championship from 2023.
Osella PA3
The Osella PA3 is a Group 6 (Sports 2000) prototype racing car designed, developed, and built by Osella, to compete in the World Sportscar Championship sports car racing series in 1975, but was used in active competition through 1986. It was powered by a number of different engines, including the 2.0 L (120 cu in) BMW M12/7, the Abarth twin-cam engine, and the Cosworth BDG, or the 1.3 L (79 cu in) Cosworth BDH, or even the smaller 998 cc (60.9 cu in) Cosworth SCA. The 1.6 L (98 cu in) and 1.8 L (110 cu in) Cosworth FVA and Cosworth FVC were also used. It was even powered by a Ferrari 2.0 V8 engine. It scored a total of 13 wins, and 25 podiums. It was entered 103 times during its career.

Osella
Formula One portal

Osella is an Italian racing car manufacturer and former Formula One team. They participated in 132 Grands Prix between 1980 and 1990. They achieved two points finishes and scored five world championship points.
Kyle Abbott
Kyle Abbott can refer to:

Kyle Abbott (baseball) (born 1968), American baseball player

Kyle Abbott (cricketer) (born 1987), South African cricketer

Kyle Abbott (The Young and the Restless), a character in The Young and the Restless

Kyle Abbott (cricketer)
Kyle John Abbott (born 18 June 1987) is a South African cricketer. He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler who represented South Africa in Test, One Day International and Twenty20 International cricket between 2013 and 2017, before retiring to take up a contract with Hampshire in English county cricket. He previously played in South African domestic cricket for the Dolphins.

In September 2019, Abbott took match figures of 17–86 in Hampshire's match against Somerset in the 2019 County Championship. These were the fourth-best figures in County Championship cricket in England, and the tenth-best figures of all time in first-class cricket. They were also the best match figures in first-class cricket since Jim Laker took 19–90 in the fourth Test against Australia in 1956.
Grondin
Grondin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christophe Grondin (born 1983), naturalized Togolese football defender

David Grondin (born 1980), French football player

Gilles Grondin (1943–2005), Canadian politician

Janvier Grondin (born 1947), Canadian politician

Jean Grondin (born 1955), French-Canadian philosopher

Marc-André Grondin (born 1984), Canadian actor

Pierre Grondin (1925–2006), Canadian cardiac surgeon

Willy Grondin (born 1974), football goalkeeper

Pierre Grondin
Pierre Grondin (August 18, 1925 – January 17, 2006), was a Canadian cardiac surgeon known for his contributions to heart transplantation and cardiac surgery. After completing postgraduate training with Michael DeBakey and Denton Cooley in Houston, Texas, Grondin introduced advanced techniques—such as open-heart surgery using the heart-lung machine and coronary artery bypass surgery—at the Montreal Heart Institute. In the early 1950s, he contributed to the development of open-heart surgery using the heart-lung machine. In May 1968, Grondin performed Canada's first successful heart transplant at the Montreal Heart Institute.
Confetti candy
Confetti candy is a confectionery food product that is prepared with cooked sugar and corn syrup that is formed into sheets, cooled, and then cracked or broken into pieces. It has a hard, brittle texture. To add eye appeal, colored sugar is sometimes sprinkled atop after the cooking and shaping process has been performed.

Confetti candy, also known as confetti sprinkles is also a confectionery that consists of flat or disc-shaped candy sprinkles. These are similar to round nonpareils, but are prepared in disc form. It is often used to decorate confectioneries and other sweets.

Brittleness
A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it fractures with little elastic deformation and without significant plastic deformation. Brittle materials absorb relatively little energy prior to fracture, even those of high strength. Breaking is often accompanied by a sharp snapping sound.

When used in materials science, it is generally applied to materials that fail when there is little or no plastic deformation before failure. One proof is to match the broken halves, which should fit exactly since no plastic deformation has occurred.
Faith, Minnesota
Faith is an unincorporated community in Norman County, Northwestern Minnesota, United States, dating back to circa 1868. It is located 7 miles (11 km) from Mahnomen and 65 miles (105 km) from Fargo, North Dakota.

Its history has included a flour mill, stores, blacksmith shops, school, and several other businesses.

The ZIP code for Faith is 56584, and the area code is 218.

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
Harcourt Island
Harcourt Island is a small island at the north side of the entrance to Royal Bay, South Georgia. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Cape Harcourt, the easternmost point of this island.

Royal Bay
Royal Bay is a bay, 6 km (3.7 mi) wide and indenting 8 km (5.0 mi), entered between Cape Charlotte and Cape Harcourt along the north coast of South Georgia.

Like other parts of the archipelago, many birds breed here, including king penguins, gentoo penguins, and blue-eyed cormorants.
Astronidium robustum
Astronidium robustum is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is a tree endemic to Fiji, where it is native to the islands of Viti Levu, Vanua Levu and Taveuni. It grows 2–15 metres tall in dense rain forest, often along creeks or on river banks, from 50 to 900 metres elevation.

The species was first described as Astronia robusta by Berthold Carl Seemann in 1866. In 1942 Albert Charles Smith placed the species in genus Astronidium as A. robustum.

Albert Charles Smith
Albert Charles Smith (April 5, 1906 – May 23, 1999) was an American botanist who served as director of the National Museum of Natural History and Arnold Arboretum and was the former president of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
Marcin Kazanowski
Marcin Kazanowski, (1563/66 – 19 October 1636) was a Polish noble and magnate.

Castellan of Halice from 1622, voivode of Podole Voivodeship from 1632 and Field Crown Hetman of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1633.

Married to Katarzyna Starzycka in 1600, he was the father of Dominik Aleksander Kazanowski (1605–1648), voivode of Bracław. His family, the Kazanowski family, descendants of Mediolan Comeses, founded the town of Kazanów in 1566.

Under Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, he was one of the commanding officers in the Battle of Górzno in 1629 against the Swedes.

The discovery legend of the Madonna Bołszowiecka relates that during one of the battles against Tatars, Hetman Kazanowski discovered the icon of the Blessed Virgin. This was viewed by his troops as a miracle and boosted their morale, leading to a victory.

Under King Władysław IV Vasa, he also participated in the wars against the Russian Tsardom.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
BRL-52537
BRL-52537 is a drug which acts as a potent and highly selective κ-opioid agonist. It has neuroprotective effects in animal studies, and is used for research into potential treatments for stroke and heart attack as well as more general brain research.

Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, which can be expressed as a differential equation.
Common Ground (Paul Winter album)
Common Ground is an album released by Paul Winter in 1978 for A&M Records Inc. Songs on the album include elements of different musical styles coupled with the sounds of whales, wolves and eagles. A live wolf was used in some concerts for the 1978 tour supporting the album such at New Haven's Woolsey Hall.

Woolsey Hall
Woolsey Hall is the primary auditorium at Yale University, located on the campus' Hewitt Quadrangle in New Haven, Connecticut. It was built as part of the Bicentennial Buildings complex that includes the Memorial Rotunda and the University Commons for the Yale bicentennial celebration in 1901, and was designed by the Beaux-Arts architectural firm Carrère and Hastings. With approximately 2,650 seats, it is the university's largest auditorium and hosts concerts, performances, and university ceremonies including the annual freshman convocation, senior baccalaureate, and presidential inaugurations.  The building is named for Theodore Dwight Woolsey, President of Yale from 1846 through 1871.
2022 Combined Japan Cup
The 2022 Combined Japan Cup was the 5th edition of the annual competition combined climbing event organised by the Japan Mountaineering and Sport Climbing Association (JMSCA), held in Ishizuchi Climbing Park SAIJO, Ehime.

CJC2022 served as a selection event for Japan's Paris Olympics training athlete group for Sport Climbing. CJC2022 was the last domestic combined competition of the 2022 season. 21 men and 22 women competed, with Sorato Anraku and Ai Mori winning the men's and women's titles respectively.

Sorato Anraku
Sorato Anraku (安楽 宙斗, Anraku Sorato, born November 14, 2006) is a Japanese rock climber who specializes in competition lead climbing and competition bouldering. In 2023, Anraku became the first climber to win both the Lead Overall World Cup and Boulder Overall World Cup, doing so in his debut senior season. He also won the gold medal in the combined boulder and lead event at the 2022 Asian Games, held in October 2023. He won the silver medal in the combined boulder and lead event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.