hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arctoparmelia incurva
Arctoparmelia incurva is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described in 1794 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, it has undergone several taxonomic reclassifications before being placed in its current genus in 1986. This yellowish-green lichen, characterised by its narrow, convex lobes and globular soralia, typically grows on sun-exposed siliceous rocks in alpine and arctic habitats. It has a circumpolar distribution, found across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. A. incurva can be distinguished from similar species by its specific morphological features and chemical spot test reactions. The lichen is known to host several parasitic fungi and has shown tolerance to acid pollution.

Climate of the Arctic
The climate of the Arctic is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers. There is a large amount of variability in climate across the Arctic, but all regions experience extremes of solar radiation in both summer and winter. Some parts of the Arctic are covered by ice (sea ice, glacial ice, or snow) year-round, and nearly all parts of the Arctic experience long periods with some form of ice on the surface.

The Arctic consists of ocean that is largely surrounded by land. As such, the climate of much of the Arctic is moderated by the ocean water, which can never have a temperature below −2 °C (28 °F). In winter, this relatively warm water, even though covered by the polar ice pack, keeps the North Pole from being the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere, and it is also part of the reason that Antarctica is so much colder than the Arctic. In summer, the presence of the nearby water keeps coastal areas from warming as much as they might otherwise.
Maletswai Local Municipality
Maletswai Local Municipality was an administrative area in the Joe Gqabi District of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. The municipality was merged with Gariep Local Municipality immediately after the August 2016 Local Municipal Elections to form the new Walter Sisulu Local Municipality.

Maletswai is a Sesotho name that means "a place of salt". The thermal springs resort, named Aliwal Spa, is located within the municipal area and produces salty water, rich in minerals, from underground. During 2010-2014 this once beautiful resort was re-constructed and opened to the public again in 2015.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Rule in Wild's Case
The Rule in Wild's Case is a common law rule of construction dating back to 1599 concerning a particular type of ambiguity in devises (such as grants or bequests) of real property:  If a grantor (O) grants, by deed or will, property to another person (A) with the language "To A and her children", who gets lawful possession of the property?

The rule resolves this ambiguity as follows:

If A has living children at the time of the grant, A and her children take the property as joint tenants.

If A does not have living children at the time of the grant, A takes the property in fee tail.

This rule has fallen into disuse in those jurisdictions which no longer recognize the fee tail as a legal estate.  Some U.S. states ignore the rule altogether, and interpret such a grant as giving a life estate and creating a remainder in her children.  Section 14.2 of the Restatement (Third) of Property repudiates the Rule in Wild's Case, suggesting that many authorities consider it to be obsolete.

Possession (law)
In law, possession is the exercise of dominion by a person over property to the exclusion of others.  To possess something, a person must have an intention to possess it and an apparent purpose to assert control over it. A person may be in possession of some piece of property without being its owner. The possession of property is commonly regulated under the property law of a jurisdiction.
Herby Stare railway station
Herby Stare is a Polish railway station, located north of the Upper Silesian Industrial Area, along the major Częstochowa - Lubliniec line, in the Lubliniec County of the Silesian Voivodeship. Less than 2 kilometres northeast lies its twin station Herby Nowe, located along the Polish Coal Trunk-Line line. Both stations are connected with each other by a line built in 1926.

Polish Coal Trunk-Line
The Coal Trunk-Line (Polish: Magistrala Węglowa) is one of the most important rail connections in Poland.

It crosses the central part of the country, from the coal mines and steelworks of Upper Silesia in the South to the Baltic Sea port of Gdynia in the North. The line is used mostly by freight trains: passenger connections on it are few. Constructed in the late 1920s and early 1930s, it was one of the biggest investments of the Second Polish Republic.
Khanhuseyn Kazimli
Khanhuseyn Kazimli (Azerbaijani: Xanhüseyn Hüseynağa oğlu Kazımlı; 1 October 1942 – 24 July 2025) was an Azerbaijani politician who was a Member of Parliament (Milli Məclis), and the head of the working group on Azerbaijan-Hungary inter-parliamentary relations, which was established on 8 April 2011.

Kazimli, who had been suffering from Parkinson's disease for a long time, died on 24 July 2025, at the age of 82. He was buried at Yasamal cemetery.

Yasamal cemetery
The Yasamal cemetery (Azerbaijani: Yasamal qəbiristanlığı), also known as the Wolf's Gate cemetery (Azerbaijani: Qurd Qapısı qəbiristanlığı), is a multi-confessional citywide cemetery located in the Yasamal District of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
HMT Bredon
His Majesty's Trawler Bredon (Pennant Number T223) was a Hill class naval trawler that served as an anti-submarine escort trawler during the Second World War.

She was sunk by U-521 on 8 February 1943 while off the Canary Islands. Only 2 members of her crew complement of 43 survived.

Naval trawler
Naval trawlers are vessels built along the lines of a fishing trawler but fitted out for naval purposes; they were widely used during the First and Second World Wars. Some, known in the Royal Navy as "Admiralty trawlers", were purpose-built to naval specifications; others were adapted from civilian use. Fishing trawlers were particularly suited for many naval requirements because they were robust vessels designed to work heavy trawls in all types of weather, and had large clear working decks. A minesweeper could be created by replacing the trawl with a mine sweep. Adding depth charge racks on the deck, ASDIC sonar below, and a 3-inch (76 mm) or 4-inch (102 mm) gun in the bow equipped the trawler for anti-submarine duties.
Desteldonk
Desteldonk (French pronunciation: [ˈdɛstəldɔŋk]) is a sub-municipality of the city of Ghent located in the province of East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1965. In 1927, part of the original municipality was already annexed to Ghent. On 1 January 1965, the municipality of Desteldonk was merged into Ghent.

The first historical record of Desteldonk dates back to 966 when it was listed as Thesledung. In 1236, it was named as a parish.

Fusion of the Belgian municipalities
The fusion of the Belgian municipalities (French: fusion des communes, Dutch: fusie van Belgische gemeenten) was a Belgian political process that rationalized and reduced the number of municipalities in Belgium between 1964 and 1983. In 1961, there were 2,663 such municipalities; by 1983, these had been re-arranged and combined into 589 larger municipalities.
Matsukata
Matsukata (written: 松方) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hiroki Matsukata (松方 弘樹, 1942–2017), Japanese actor

Matsukata Masayoshi (松方 正義, 1835–1924), 4th and 6th Prime Minister of Japan

Saburō Matsukata (松方 三郎, 1899–1973), Japanese Scout leader

Matsukata Masayoshi
Prince Matsukata Masayoshi (松方 正義; 25 February 1835 – 2 July 1924) was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1891 to 1892, and from 1896 to 1898. Born in the Satsuma Domain to a samurai family, Matsukata served as finance minister for 15 of the 20 years between 1881 and 1901, led the creation of the Bank of Japan in 1882, and had significant influence in the financial and economic articles of the Meiji Constitution of 1889. He became a genrō, or senior statesman who dictated policy in the later Meiji era, and was given the title of prince in 1922.
Red dress effect
The red dress effect, which can be broadened to the general red-attraction effect, the red-romance effect, or the romantic red effect, is a phenomenon in which the color red increases physical attraction, sexual desire, and romantic sentiments in comparison to other colors.

It has been asserted that this effect acts subconsciously because participants rarely report that they used color in their attractiveness judgments. In past decades, increased interest in color psychology has prompted multiple studies to investigate the red-attraction effect and the extent of this association. The scientific literature on the red-attraction effect is mixed, with sound evidence that both support and oppose the validity of the connection.

Fertility
Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime. In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. In general, infertility or subfertility in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The antithesis of fertility is infertility, while the antithesis of fecundity is sterility.
Thyreonotus
Thyreonotus is a genus of European bush crickets in the tribe Tettigoniini, erected by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1838.  The recorded distribution of this genus is the Iberian Peninsula and France, including Corsica.

Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville
Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ɡijom odinɛ sɛʁvil]; his name, before the Revolution, included a particle: Audinet de Serville) was a French entomologist, born on 11 November 1775 in Paris. He died on 27 March 1858 in La Ferté-sous-Jouarre.
Comber (District Electoral Area)
Comber is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Ards and North Down, Northern Ireland. The district elects five members to Ards and North Down Borough Council and contains the wards of Ballygowan, Comber North, Comber South, Comber West and Killinchy. Comber forms part of the Strangford constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 2014 local elections, largely replacing the Ards West DEA, which had existed since 1985.

Ards and North Down Borough Council
Ards and North Down Borough Council is a local authority in Northern Ireland that was established on 1 April 2015. It replaced Ards Borough Council and North Down Borough Council. The first elections to the authority took place on 22 May 2014 and, prior to the official creation of the Ards and North Down district on 1 April 2015, it acted as a shadow authority.

The district was originally called "North Down and Ards" but the council was known as "Ards and North Down District Council". Councillors on the transitional shadow authority (prior to the council's official creation) voted on 15 December 2014 to submit an application to the Department of the Environment to change the name to East Coast Borough Council with effect from 1 April 2015. Negative public reaction to the proposed name prompted a rethink. The district name "Ards and North Down" was not finalised until 2016. The transfer of the borough charter from North Down Borough Council was delayed until after the district naming.
Kis Se Kahoon
Kis Se Kahoon (Urdu:کس سے کہوں), also known as Kis Se Kahoon - Ek Kahani Unsuni (Urdu: کس سے کہوں - ایک کہانی اَن سُنی) is a 2014 youth-based Pakistani television series that aired on PTV Home. The series was written by Shahid Nadeem, directed by Kashif Nisar and produced by Pakistan Television Corporation in collaboration with Communications Research Strategies. It stars an ensemble cast of Sajal Aly, Agha Ali, Yumna Zaidi, Essa Chaudhary and Seemi Raheel with a special appearance by Samina Ahmad. It was aired on PTV Home from on every Sunday from 2014 to 2015.

Shahid Nadeem
Shahid Mahmood Nadeem (Punjabi, Urdu: شاہد محمود ندیم; born 1947) is a Pakistani journalist, playwright, screenwriter, theater and television director, and human rights activist.

He served as the general manager, program director, and deputy managing director of the Pakistan Television Corporation. He is currently director of the Ajoka Theater as well as the PTV Academy.
Joyful Joyful
Joyful Joyful are a Canadian musical duo, consisting of singer Cormac Culkeen and instrumentalist Dave Grenon. Their self-titled debut album was released in April 2022, and was longlisted for the 2022 Polaris Music Prize.

The duo's style blends experimental drone music with folk-influenced devotional music, inspired by Culkeen's background as a religious person who was excommunicated from an evangelical church community after coming out as queer and non-binary. Culkeen and Grenon, who knew each other as volunteers at community radio station CFFF-FM in Peterborough, Ontario, came together for the first time as Joyful Joyful in 2016 for a live performance in which they performed the 12-minute track "Sebaldus" improvisationally.

CFFF-FM
CFFF-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts at 92.7 FM in Peterborough, Ontario. The broadcast facility, which uses the on-air name Trent Radio, was previously licensed as the campus radio station of the city's Trent University, but now operates under an independent community radio license.  Trent Radio is producer-oriented, and features over 100 long-running and new programs from students and community members, operating over three seasons per year.  All students and community members are welcome to submit applications for programming and membership.
Sudbury Ontario Northland Bus Terminal
The Sudbury Ontario Northland Bus Terminal (also known as the Ontario Northland Bus Depot or ONTC Terminal) is a bus station and depot in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. It is operated by the Ontario Northland Transportation Commission (ONTC) and is a stop on a number of Ontario Northland intercity bus routes. The terminal consists of a single-storey structure situated at the intersection between the Kingsway, a major east-west arterial road in Sudbury, 2nd Avenue North, which leads south toward the residential neighbourhood of Minnow Lake, and Falconbridge Road, which leads northeast toward Garson. It lies to the east of Downtown Sudbury, close to the Southeast Bypass.

Greyhound Canada
Greyhound Canada Transportation ULC (Greyhound Canada) was an intercity coach service that began as a local British Columbia bus line in the early 1920s, expanded across most of Canada, and became a subsidiary of the American Greyhound Lines in 1940.

In 2018, Greyhound pulled out of Western Canada, preserving only domestic service in Ontario and Quebec, and trans-border routes to the United States.

On May 13, 2021, Greyhound Canada permanently suspended their operations in all of Canada. Cross-border routes to the United States would from that point forward be operated by Greyhound Lines (USA).

Montreal to Boston

Montreal to New York City

Toronto to Buffalo (with connections to New York City)

Vancouver to Seattle
Hapoel Pardesiya F.C.
Hapoel Pardesiya (Hebrew: הפועל פרדסיה) is an Israeli football club based in Pardesiya. The club currently plays in Liga gimel sharon division.

The club is named after Noam Levy, a resident of Pardesiya, which played for the youth team of Maccabi Netanya and was killed in an automobile accident while attending a tournament, which was held in Germany, with his team.

Pardesiya
Pardesiya (Hebrew: פַּרְדֵּסִיָּה) is a town in the Central District of Israel. Located on the Sharon plain, between Kfar Yona and the Lev HaSharon Regional Council, it was founded between 1937 and 1939. In 2023 it had a population of 7,950; its jurisdiction is 1,273 dunams (~1.3 km2)
Modern Standby
Modern Standby known formerly as Connected Standby or InstantGo, is a Microsoft specification for Windows 8 (and later) hardware and software that aims to bring smartphone-type power management capabilities to the PC platform, as well as increasing physical security.

Physical security
Physical security describes security measures that are designed to deny unauthorized access to facilities, equipment, and resources and to protect personnel and property from damage or harm (such as espionage, theft, or terrorist attacks). Physical security involves the use of multiple layers of interdependent systems that can include CCTV surveillance, security guards, protective barriers, locks, access control, perimeter intrusion detection, deterrent systems, fire protection, and other systems designed to protect persons and property.
Lubbock Municipal Coliseum
Lubbock Municipal Coliseum (formerly City Bank Coliseum) was an 8,344-seat multi-purpose arena in Lubbock, Texas. Although the arena was located on the campus of Texas Tech University, it was owned and operated by the City of Lubbock until 2018. The Coliseum and adjoining Auditorium were demolished in 2019, following the land's transfer of ownership back to the university. The Buddy Holly Hall of Performing Arts and Sciences, located downtown at the intersection of Marsha Sharp Freeway and Ave L, opened in 2020 to replace the Auditorium.

Buddy Holly Hall of Performing Arts and Sciences
The Buddy Holly Hall of Performing Arts and Sciences is a new performing arts venue in Lubbock, Texas.  Groundbreaking took place on April 20, 2017, with more than 500 people in attendance, including Lubbock Mayor, Dan Pope, board chairman of the Lubbock Entertainment Performing Arts Association, Tim Collins, and executive director of Ballet Lubbock, Nicholas Dragga.  The venue opened in January 2021 at a cost of $158 million.  To-date, LEPAA has raised more than $128 million needed to complete construction expense of The Buddy Holly Hall, with an additional $5 million raised in capital endowment funds.
Benjamin Shmueli
Benjamin Shmueli (Hebrew: בנימין שמואלי, romanized: Binyamin Shmueli; born 1971) is an Israeli jurist and researcher, who specializes in family law, tort law, comparative law and Hebrew law. He is a professor of law, and an associate professor at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan.

Ramat Gan
Ramat Gan (Hebrew: רמת גן, pronounced [raˈmat ˈɡan] ⓘ) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, located east of the municipality of Tel Aviv, and is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area. It is home to a Diamond Exchange District (one of the world's major diamond exchanges), Sheba Medical Center (the largest hospital in Israel) and many high-tech industries.

Ramat Gan was established in 1921 as a moshava, a communal farming settlement. In 2023 it had a population of 167,794.
Gerry Coyne
Gerard Aloysius Coyne (born 9 August 1948) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League as a centre forward for York City and in the Scottish Football League for Berwick Rangers. He also played non-league football for South Shields, Gateshead and Scarborough.

He signed for Limerick for the 1972-73 League of Ireland season but after a few months he moved to Cork Hibernians in November 1972. The season ended with Hibs winning the FAI Cup after a replay which secured European football in the 1973–74 European Cup Winners' Cup where they played FC Baník Ostrava. Coyne played in the home leg at Flower Lodge appearing as a substitute.

FC Baník Ostrava
FC Baník Ostrava is a professional football club from Ostrava in the Czech Republic. The club competes in the Czech First League, the top tier of Czech football.

Founded in 1922 as SK Slezská Ostrava, Baník has won the Czech First League once, as well as the Czechoslovak First League three times. Internationally the club won the Mitropa Cup in 1988 and the Mitropa Super Cup the following year.
Saprosma
Saprosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are about 40 species distributed from south China to tropical Asia.

These are shrubs with opposite or whorled leaves and often an offensive scent. The inflorescence is usually a cluster of white flowers. The fleshy fruit is blue to black in color.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
We Dance. (EP)
We Dance. is the second EP of a three EP collection that was available for a limited time from the singer/songwriter Jason Mraz to help promote his third studio album, We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things.. Physical copies of this EP are rare. It was mainly released for those who pre-ordered We Sing, We Dance, We Steal Things from JasonMraz.com. The EP was released on April 15, 2008. The EP is also included on the limited edition version of We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things. which was released on November 18, 2008. It peaked at number 52 on Billboard 200 on May 3, 2008.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
Igli Allmuça
Igli Allmuça (born 25 October 1980) is an Albanian professional football coach and former player.

Allmuça played as a midfielder and spent the majority of his career with Partizani Tirana and Dinamo Tirana, being successful in both clubs. He also had e brief spell with Tirana, becoming one of the few players to represent all capital teams and to win at least a trophy with them.

Allmuça is one of the most decorated players in the history of Albanian football, winning with Partizani Tirana, Tirana, Dinamo Tirana and Skënderbeu Korçë. Allmuça is the 10th Albanian player with most appearances in European competitions with 32 matches between UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Intertoto Cup.

Luftëtari FC
Luftëtari Football Club (Albanian: Klubi i Futbollit Luftëtari) was an Albanian football club based in Gjirokastër. The club was founded on  1926 as Shqiponja and has played at its home ground, the Gjirokastra Stadium, since 1973. They last competed in the Kategoria Superiore, the first tier of football in the country.