hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benjamin Blake (admiral)
Benjamin Blake (1612–1689) was an English naval officer who served under his older brother General at Sea Robert Blake during the English Civil War, the First Anglo-Dutch War, and the Anglo-Spanish War (1654-1660). After his naval service, he emigrated to the Province of Carolina where he and his family became planters and he himself became a local official.

General at sea
The rank of general at sea (occasionally referred to as "general of the fleet"), was the highest position of command in the English Parliamentary Navy (later the Navy of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland), and approximates to the current rank of admiral. Alongside others, the generals at sea were also appointed as Commissioners for the Admiralty and Navy.

The generals at sea were referred to both by the title of 'general' and by their former army ranks interchangeably. Today, the title 'admiral' is also commonly – if incorrectly – used.
2015 Open de Guadeloupe
The 2015 Open de Guadeloupe was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Le Gosier, Guadeloupe between 30 March and 5 April 2015.

Le Gosier
Le Gosier (French pronunciation: [lə ɡozje]; Antillean Creole: Gozyé) is a commune in the French overseas region and department of Guadeloupe, in the Lesser Antilles. It is located on the south side of the island of Grande-Terre and part of the urban unit of Pointe-à-Pitre-Les Abymes, the largest conurbation in Guadeloupe.
Lenhart Farm
Lenhart Farm is a historic house and farm complex located in Lenhartsville, Berks County, Pennsylvania.  The house was built by about 1830, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, brownstone dwelling in the Georgian style. Also on the property are a stone and frame bank barn (1841), springhouse, carriage house, and a number of farm-related outbuildings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Spring house
A spring house, or springhouse, is a small building, usually of a single room, constructed over a spring.  While the original purpose of a springhouse was to keep the spring water clean by excluding fallen leaves, animals, etc., the enclosing structure was also used for refrigeration before the advent of ice delivery and, later, electric refrigeration.  The water of the spring maintains a constant cool temperature inside the spring house throughout the year.  Food that would otherwise spoil, such as meat, fruit, or dairy products, could be kept there, safe from animal depredations as well. Springhouses thus often also served as pumphouses, milkhouses and root cellars.

The Tomahawk Spring spring house at Tomahawk, West Virginia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Peter Saltonstall
Peter Saltonstall (1577–1651) was an English courtier and lawyer.

He was the fourth son of Richard Saltonstall, Lord Mayor of London and Susanna Saltonstall née Pointz, from whom he inherited the manors of Barkway in Royston.

The Saltonstall family originated in the Halifax area. His mother was an aunt of the translator Adrian Poyntz, who dedicated his New and singular patternes & workes of linnen (London, 1591), and Treasure of the Soule (London, 1596) to her and Richard Saltonstall.

Barkway
Barkway is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England, about five miles south-east of Royston, 35 miles from London and 15 miles from the centre of Cambridge. The Greenwich Prime Meridian passes a mile or so to the west of Barkway.
2025–26 Ohio State Buckeyes men's ice hockey season
The 2025–26 Ohio State Buckeyes men's ice hockey season is the 63rd season for the program and 13th season in the Big Ten Conference. The Buckeyes represent the Ohio State University in the 2025–26 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season, play their home games at Value City Arena and are coached by Steve Rohlik in his 13th season.

2025–26 Big Ten Conference ice hockey season
The 2025–26 Big Ten men's ice hockey season will be the 36th season of play for the Big Ten Conference's men's ice hockey division and will take place during the 2025–26 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season. The season will begin on October 3, 2025, and the conference tournament is set to concluded on March 21, 2026.
Ted Abel
Edwin "Ted" G. Abel is an American neuroscientist, and the founding Director of the Iowa Neuroscience Institute at University of Iowa and previously the Brush Family Professor of Biology at University of Pennsylvania.

Abel obtained his doctorate in biochemistry and molecular biology from Harvard University, after working there under mentorship from Tom Maniatis. He then became a postdoc under mentorship of Eric Kandel at Columbia University. He is an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and editor-in-chief of Neurobiology of Learning and Memory.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Mahenge Formation
The Mahenge Formation is a Middle Eocene-aged geological formation and Konservat-Lagerstätte from Tanzania. It contains a high variety of exceptionally-preserved fossils, including many of the earliest fossil records of dominant freshwater fish groups found in Africa today. It represents one of the most comprehensive Paleogene-aged African fossil deposits south of the Sahara. Based on fossil plant remains found in the formation, the Mahenge lake was situated within legume-dominated woodlands reminiscent of modern miombo forests.

It was deposited within a former maar lake formed from a volcanic intrusion into the Precambrian bedrock via a kimberlite pipe. It has been dated to the Lutetian, roughly 46.0 million years ago. Unusually, relatively few fossil insect remains are known from the lake, unlike with other maar deposits. It is thought that the high diversity of fish in the lake may have led to most insects being consumed before they could be fossilized.

Maar
A maar is a broad, low-relief volcanic crater caused by a phreatomagmatic eruption (an explosion which occurs when groundwater comes into contact with hot lava or magma). A maar characteristically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake, which may also be called a maar.

Maars generally range in size from 20 to 3,000 m (66 to 9,800 ft) across and from 5 to 200 m (20 to 700 ft) deep. Most maars fill with water to form natural lakes. Most maars have low rims composed of a mixture of loose fragments of volcanic rocks and rocks torn from the walls of the diatreme.
Battle of La Guaira
The Battle of La Guaira or La Guayra, took place on 2 March 1743 in the Caribbean, off the coast of La Guaira, present day Venezuela. La Guaira was a port of the Royal Gipuzkoan Company of Caracas, whose ships had rendered great assistance to the Spanish navy during War of Jenkins' Ear in carrying troops, arms, stores and ammunition from Spain to her colonies, and its destruction would be a severe blow both to the Company and the Spanish Government. A British expeditionary fleet under Sir Charles Knowles was defeated, and the expedition ended in failure. 600 men were killed, among whom was the captain of HMS Burford, and many of the ships were badly damaged or lost. Knowles was therefore unable to proceed to Puerto Cabello until he had refitted.

Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
The Royal Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas (Spanish: Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas) was a Spanish chartered company which existed from 1728 to 1785. It conducted trade with Spain's overseas colonies and maintained its own fleet of warships and privateers to defend the company's merchantmen. In 1785, after having several of its ships captured by the Royal Navy during the American Revolutionary War, the company was merged with the Barcelona Trading Company to form the Royal Company of the Philippines.
Sarwate
Sarwate is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. K. Sarwate (born 1945), Indian military officer

Aditya Sarwate (born 1989), Indian cricketer

Chandu Sarwate (1920–2003), Indian cricketer

Vasant Sarwate (1927–2016), Indian cartoonist

Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate (1884–1972), Indian freedom fighter

A. K. Sarwate
Major General Avinash Kesheo Sarwate (Marathi: अविनाश क. सरवटे; born 2 February 1945) was an alumnus of the National Defence Academy (India) and was commissioned into the Kumaon Regiment on 2 August 1964 as a second lieutenant posted to the 11th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment. He was transferred to the 16th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment, after serving for a year and a half with 11 Kumaon. He later commanded the 5th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment, as a lieutenant colonel.

Sarwate was the General Officer Commanding (GOC) the 15th Infantry (Panther) Division of the Indian Army and subsequently Assistant Director General of Military Training (ADGMT) at the Army Headquarters. Before retirement, he was the Commandant, Services Selection Board (South).

In March 2003 he received Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM).
Non-Euclidean surface growth
In the field of surface growth, there are growth processes that result in the surface of an object changing shape over time. As the object grows, its surface may change from flat to curved, or change curvature. Two points on the surface may also change in distance as a result of deformations of the object or accretion of new matter onto the object. The shape of the surface and its changes can be described in terms of non-Euclidean geometry and in particular, Riemannian geometry with a space- and time-dependent curvature.

Examples of non-Euclidean surface growth are found in the mechanics of growing gravitational bodies, propagating fronts of phase transitions, epitaxial growth of nanostructures and additive 3D printing, growth of plants, and cell motility

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Gerry Faust
Gerard Anthony Faust (May 21, 1935 – November 11, 2024) was an American high school and college football coach. He served as the head coach at the University of Notre Dame from 1981 to 1985 and at the University of Akron from 1986 to 1994, compiling a career collegiate record of 73–79–4. From 1962 to 1980, Faust was the head coach at Moeller High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he tallied a mark of 178–23–2 and won four High School Football National Championships. Before coaching, Faust enjoyed a successful stint playing as a quarterback at the University of Dayton under former Notre Dame coach Hugh Devore. Faust was offered a partial scholarship to Notre Dame, but enrolled at Dayton, where he graduated in 1958. On June 8, 2024, Faust was inducted into the National High School Football Hall of Fame.

University of Dayton
The University of Dayton (UD) is a private, Catholic research university in Dayton, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1850 by the Society of Mary, it is one of three Marianist universities in the US and the second-largest private university in Ohio. Its campus is located in southern Dayton and spans 388 acres on both sides of the Great Miami River. The campus is noted for the Immaculate Conception Chapel and the University of Dayton Arena.

As of 2023, the university enrolls approximately 11,300 undergraduate and postgraduate students from a variety of religious, ethnic and geographic backgrounds. It offers more than 80 academic programs in the arts, sciences, business, education, health sciences, engineering, and law. In 2009, UD offered what it believes to be one of the first undergraduate degree programs in human rights. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".
Musicae Scientiae (journal)
Musicæ Scientiæ is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of music psychology. The editor-in-chief is Jane Ginsborg (Royal Northern College of Music). It was established 1997 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music.

Royal Northern College of Music
The Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM) is a conservatoire in Manchester, England. It is one of four conservatoires associated with the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. In addition to being a centre of music education, the RNCM is a busy and diverse public performance venue.
Mariusz Ziółko
Mariusz Ziółko (born September 18, 1946, in Hamburg) is a Polish Professor of automatics and signal processing. He graduated in 1970 from AGH University of Science and Technology, where he also received PhD in 1973 and habilitation in 1990. In 2001 he received a title of a professor of technical studies from a president of Poland. He was a DAAD stipendist at University of Wuppertal. He was a visiting professor at Fachhochule St. Pölten at Austria in 2005. He is a professor in AGH
Department of Electronics, where he leads a Digital Signal Processing Group. He was a member of several scientific organisations including IEEE, SIAM, EURASIP, ISCA and a chair of several conferences.  He is a coauthor of pioneer publications from mathematical optimization models in biology. His works had also an important impact on Polish speech recognition technologies.

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society dedicated to applied mathematics, computational science, and data science through research, publications, and community. SIAM is the world's largest scientific society devoted to applied mathematics, and roughly two-thirds of its membership resides within the United States. Founded in 1951, the organization began holding annual national meetings in 1954, and now hosts conferences, publishes books and scholarly journals, and engages in advocacy in issues of interest to its membership. Members include engineers, scientists, and mathematicians, both those employed in academia and those working in industry. The society supports educational institutions promoting applied mathematics.

SIAM is one of the four member organizations of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics.
Gayathri Ashokan
Gayathri Ashokan is an Indian poster designer and screenwriter who works in Malayalam cinema. He is considered as a pioneer in poster designing art along with P. N. Menon in Malayalam film industry. His debut design was for director Padmarajan' s Koodevide where he created a poster with all characters appearing in postage stamp. The posters created a very good impact among filmgoers. He has designed promotional posters for over 700 films including Tamil films. Ashokan introduced the airbrush concept in Malayalam posters.

Sandarbham
Sandarbham is a 1984 Malayalam film directed by Joshiy, written by Cochin Haneefa, screenplay by Kaloor Dennis, and starring Mammootty, Sukumaran, Saritha, Seema, P. K. Abraham, K. P. A. C. Sunny and Unni Mary.

The film is a typical tear-jerker family-drama tragedy of the 1980s. Films of this genre typically featured a happy family in the beginning, with a well placed husband-cum-father, a young mother and a girl child of the age of 3 or 4. In the end, the family gets into a whirlpool of relationship problems. The film was remade in Tamil as Paadatha Thenikkal.
2007 Swiss Council of States election
Elections were held to the Council of States of Switzerland in October and November 2007 as part of the 2007 federal election.  All 46 members of the Council of States were elected from all cantons of Switzerland.  The first round was held on 21 October.  In eight cantons, not all seats were filled in the first round, and a second round was held on 11 November, 18 November, or 25 November.

The election was a breakthrough for the Green Party, which won its first two seats in the Council of States, and the Green Liberal Party (GLP), which won a seat only four months after it split from the Greens.  These gains – the first time minor parties had won representation in the Council of States since 1995 – came at the expense of the Free Democratic Party, which lost two seats, and the Swiss People's Party, which lost its seat in its stronghold of Zurich to the GLP.

Green Party of Switzerland
The Green Party of Switzerland (German: GRÜNE Schweiz; French: Les VERT-E-S suisses; Italian: VERDI svizzeri; Romansh: VERDA svizra) is a green political party in Switzerland. It is the fifth-largest party in the National Council of Switzerland and the largest party that is not represented on the Federal Council.
Caple
Caple is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Caple, British academic

Christopher Caple (1559–1626), English politician

Ian Caple, English recording engineer

Jim Caple (1962–2023), American journalist

Natalee Caple (born 1970), Canadian author

Robert Caple (1939–2019), English cricketer

Stephen Caple (b. 1984), English cricketer

Tim Caple (21st century), British television commentator

Tim Caple
Tim Caple is a British television sports commentator. He is best known for his football and boxing commentary although has commentated on many different sports. He has broadcast for BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, Sky Sports, Eurosport, ESPN, Al Jazeera, Canal+ and Globo International. He has also been featured as an in-videogame commentator for the Winter Olympics.
Askar Aitmatov
Askar Chingizovich Aitmatov (born January 5, 1959, in Frunze, Kirghiz SSR, Soviet Union) served as Foreign Minister in the Government of Kyrgyzstan from June 2002 to March 2005. He is the son of the late Kyrgyz writer Chinghiz Aitmatov. Graduated from the Institute of Asian and African Countries at Moscow State University (1981) with a degree in Oriental History. Fluent in English, Turkish, French.

Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kirghiz SSR) was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991. It was also known by the names Kyrgyzstan and Soviet Kyrgyzstan in the Kyrgyz language, as well as Kirghizia and Soviet Kirghizia in the Russian language. Landlocked and mountainous, it bordered Tajikistan and China to the south, Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the north. The Kirghiz branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union governed the republic from 1936 until 1990.

On 30 October 1990, the Kirghiz SSR was renamed to the Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan; on 15 December, after declaring its state sovereignty, it was renamed again to the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. On 31 August 1991, it transformed into independent Kyrgyzstan.
Snes9x
Snes9x is a Super Nintendo Entertainment System emulator software with official ports for MS-DOS, Linux, Microsoft Windows, AmigaOS 4, macOS, MorphOS, Xbox, PSP, PS3, GameCube, Wii, iOS, and Android. Windows RT and Windows Phone 8 have an unofficial port named Snes8x.

Porting
In software development, porting is the process of adapting software to run in a different context. Often it involves modifying source code so that a program can run on a different platform (i.e. on a different CPU or operating system) or in a different environment (i.e. with a different library or framework). It also describes adapting a change or feature from one codebase to another – even between different versions of the same software.

Software is classified as portable if it can be hosted in a different context with no change to the source code. It might be considered portable if the cost of adapting it to a context is significantly less than the cost of writing it from scratch. The lower the cost of porting relative to the cost to re-write, the more portable it is said to be. The effort depends on several factors including the extent to which the original context differs from the new context, the skill of the programmers, and the portability of the codebase.
Tony Loffreda
Antonio Loffreda is a Canadian politician and former banker.  On July 22, 2019, he was appointed as a Canadian Senator representing the province of Quebec.  He previously worked as a Royal Bank of Canada executive in Montreal.

Loffreda is a Certified Public Accountant. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce from Concordia University, where he now serves on the board of governors.  He was awarded a Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers for his volunteer work for various health related charities.

On November 7, 2019, Senator Loffreda joined the Independent Senators Group (ISG).

Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers
The Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers (French: Médaille du souverain pour les bénévoles) is a Canadian medal intended to honour volunteers who have made a significant and continual contribution to their community, either in Canada or abroad. The medal was initially conceived by Governor General Roméo LeBlanc as the Governor General's Caring Canadian Award and created in November 1995, to award volunteers. It was replaced on 15 July 2015 by the Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers.
Platypnea
Platypnea or platypnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that is relieved when lying down, and worsens when sitting or standing upright. It is the opposite of orthopnea. The condition was first described in 1949 and named in 1969.

A related condition, orthodeoxia, describes the clinical finding of low oxygen saturation in the upright position, which improves when lying down.

Platypnea and orthodeoxia (low oxygen levels when in upright posture) can co-exist, and this combination is named platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. The syndrome is considered extremely rare however.

Supine position
The supine position (/ˈsuːpaɪn/) means lying horizontally, with the face and torso facing up, as opposed to the prone position, which is face down. When used in surgical procedures, it grants access to the peritoneal, thoracic, and pericardial regions; as well as the head, neck, and extremities.

Using anatomical terms of location, the dorsal side is down, and the ventral side is up, when supine.