hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide
4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (4-PTSC) is a thiosemicarbazide used as an agricultural chemical and pesticide. It also possesses antibacterial properties attributed to electron delocalization in the thiosemicarbazide moiety.

Moiety (chemistry)
In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/ MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them. Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.

A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.

The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.
Nationwide Festival of Light
The Nationwide Festival of Light was a short-lived grassroots movement formed by British Christians concerned about the rise of the permissive society and social changes in English society by the late 1960s.

The movement was opposed to what they saw as the growing trends in the mass media for the explicit depiction of sexual and violent themes. Its culmination was a pair of mass rallies in Trafalgar Square and Hyde Park, London in September 1971.

It encouraged a number of other campaigns on similar themes, including the continuing Festival of Light movement in Australia, although it did not persist as a high-profile campaign in the UK, and the subsequent growth in the availability of sexually explicit and violent material would suggest that it had little effect on the media or on consumers.

English society
English society comprises the group behaviour of the English people, and of collective social interactions, organisation and political attitudes in England. The social history of England evidences many social and societal changes over the history of England, from Anglo-Saxon England to the contemporary forces upon the Western world. These major social changes have occurred both internally and in its relationship with other nations. The themes of social history include demographic history, labour history and the working class, women's history, family, the history of education in England, rural and agricultural history, urban history and industrialisation.
San Carlos, Inyo County, California
San Carlos is a former settlement in Inyo County, California. It was founded in 1863 and was located on the east bank of the Owens River 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Independence, close by to the west of the later site of Kearsarge, California.

Tensions in the area escalated as settlers from San Carlos, along with their cattle, exerted pressure on the Indigenous peoples inhabiting the region. In response to this encroachment on their land and resources, the Indigenous population took defensive actions, which included attacks on the town's residents. San Carlos and nearby Bend City competed to become the seat of the then Coso County. Several artifacts remain of San Carlos, including the ruins of stone buildings as well as old smelting tools.

Owens River
The Owens River is a river in eastern California in the United States, approximately 183 miles (295 km) long. It drains into and through the Owens Valley, an arid basin between the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada and the western faces of the Inyo and White Mountains. The river terminates at the endorheic Owens Lake south of Lone Pine, at the bottom of a 2,600 sq mi (6,700 km2) watershed.

In the early 1900s, the Owens River was the focus of the California Water Wars, fought between the city of Los Angeles and the inhabitants of Owens Valley over the construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct. Since 1913, the Owens River has been diverted to Los Angeles, causing the ruin of the valley's economy and the drying of Owens Lake. In winter 2006, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power restored 5% of the pre-aqueduct flow to the river by court order, allowing the Owens River Gorge, the river bed in the valley, and Owens Lake to contain a small amount of water.
Glenn T. Harrell Jr.
Glenn T. Harrell Jr. (born 1945) is an American lawyer and jurist from Upper Marlboro, Maryland. From 1999 to 2015, he served as a judge on the Maryland Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state.

Harrell attended the University of Maryland, earning a B.A. in 1967 and a J.D. in 1970 from the University of Maryland School of Law. He was admitted to the Maryland bar in 1970 and entered private practice. He was first made a judge in the Court of Special Appeals in 1991 and elevated to the highest court on September 10, 1999, to a seat vacated by the retirement of Justice Howard S. Chasanow.

University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
The University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (formerly University of Maryland School of Law from 1924 to 2011) is the law school of the University of Maryland, Baltimore. It is located in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1816, it is one of the oldest law schools in the United States.

The law school is fully accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA). It is a member of the Association of American Law Schools and has a chapter of the Order of the Coif honor society.
Dick Lochte
Richard Samuel Lochte, known as Dick Lochte (born 19 October 1944), is an American writer of crime novels. His debut Sleeping Dog won the Nero Award in 1985 and was nominated for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best First Novel in 1986.

Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best First Novel
The Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best First Novel was established in 1946.

Only debut novels written by authors with United States citizenship are eligible and may be published in hardcover, paperback, or e-book. If an American author has published a novel of any genre or under any name previously, they are ineligible for the award, unless the novel was self-published. Authors ineligible for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best First Novel may be eligible for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel or the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Paperback Original.

Winners for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best First Novel are listed below.
81st Flying Training Wing (World War II)
The 81st Flying Training Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last assigned to the Western Flying Training Command and was disbanded on 1 November 1945 at the Santa Ana Army Air Base, California.

The squadron was a World War II Command and Control unit. Its mission was to provide classification and preflight testing of aviation cadets.  It was one of three such centers; the others being at Maxwell Field, Alabama and San Antonio Aviation Cadet Center, Texas.

There is no lineage between the current United States Air Force 81st Training Wing, established on 15 April 1948 at Wheeler Field, Hawaii, and this organization.

81st Training Wing
The 81st Training Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force and the host wing at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi.  The 81st Training Wing has the Air Force's largest Technical Training Group and trains more than 40,000 students annually. Training includes weather, basic electronics, communications electronic systems, communications computer systems, air traffic control, airfield management, command post, air weapons control, precision measurement, education and training, financial management and comptroller, information management, manpower and personnel, radar, ground radio, and network control.
Freedom List (San Marino)
Freedom List (Italian: Lista della Libertà, LdL) was an electoral alliance for the 2008 general election in San Marino, composed of:

New Socialist Party (social-democratic)

We Sammarinese (centrist)

In the 2008 general election Freedom List ran within the centrist Pact for San Marino coalition. The electoral coalition won 35 seats out of 60 in the Grand and General Council in the Sammarinese parliamentary election, 2008 gaining 54.22% of the national vote and a governmental majority of 5 and has become the new government of San Marino and as a result the Freedom List which itself gained 4 out of the 35 seats the coalition gained and 6.28% of the national vote, as part of the coalition, became part of the government.

The association was disbanded in 2011, following the collapse of the government coalition.

Grand and General Council
The Grand and General Council (Italian: Consiglio Grande e Generale; Romagnol: Grând e Gnèral Cunsèj) is the unicameral parliament of San Marino. The council has 60 members elected for a five-year term.
Coolidge Corner station
Coolidge Corner station is a light rail stop on the MBTA Green Line C branch, located at the intersection of Beacon Street and Harvard Street in the Coolidge Corner neighborhood of Brookline, Massachusetts. With 3,440 daily boardings by a 2011 count, it had more than twice the ridership of any other surface station on the branch.

Green Line C branch
The C branch, also called the Beacon Street Line or Cleveland Circle Line, is one of four branches of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Green Line light rail system in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. The line begins at Cleveland Circle in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston and runs on the surface through Brookline along the median of Beacon Street. Reentering Boston, the line goes underground through the Saint Mary's Street incline and joins the B and D branches at Kenmore. Trains run through the Boylston Street subway to Copley where the E branch joins, then continue through the Tremont Street subway to downtown Boston. The C branch has terminated at Government Center station since October 2021.

As of February 2023, service operates on 7 to 8-minute headways at weekday peak hours and 10 to 11-minute headways at other times, using 8 to 11 trains (16 to 22 light rail vehicles).
F. C. Ogbalu
Chief Frederick Chidozie Ogbalu // ⓘ(1927–1990) known predominantly as F. C. Ogbalu, was a Nigerian linguist and educator. He is predominantly known for standardizing Igbo language and is often called the "father" of Igbo language and culture. In 1949, he founded the Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture. Ogbalu served as the society's president for many years.

Ogbalu's work has had a significant impact on the Igbo language and culture. He is credited with helping to standardize the Igbo language and with promoting its use. He is also credited with helping to preserve Igbo culture.

Ogbalu died in 1990. He is remembered as a pioneer in the study of the Igbo language and culture.

Igbo language
Igbo (English: /ˈiːboʊ/ EE-boh, US also /ˈɪɡboʊ/ IG-boh; Standard Igbo: Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò [ásʊ̀sʊ̀ ìɡ͡bò] ⓘ) is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnicity in the Southeastern part of Nigeria.

Igbo languages are spoken by a total of 31 million people. The number of Igboid languages depends on how one classifies a language versus a dialect, so there could be around 35 different Igbo languages. The core Igbo cluster, or Igbo proper, is generally thought to be one language but there is limited mutual intelligibility between the different groupings (north, west, south and east). A standard literary language termed 'Igbo izugbe' (meaning "general igbo") was generically developed and later adopted around 1972, with its core foundation based on the Orlu (Isu dialects), Anambra (Awka dialects) and Umuahia (Ohuhu dialects), omitting the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties.
West Point First Nation
The West Point First Nation is a Dehcho First Nations Original Nations band government in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The band is headquartered in the town of Hay River, where its main community is located.

The West Point First Nation is a member of the Dehcho First Nations.

Hay River, Northwest Territories
Hay River (South Slavey: Xátł’odehchee [xátɬ’otɛhtʃʰe]), known as "the Hub of the North", is a town in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The town is located on the south shore of Great Slave Lake at the mouth of the Hay River. It is separated into two sections: A new town and an old town. The Hay River/Merlyn Carter Airport is located between the two sections. The town is situated in the South Slave Region, and along with Fort Smith, the town is home to one of the two regional offices in the region.
The Immortals (Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey)
"The Immortals" is the eleventh episode of the American documentary television series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. It premiered on May 18, 2014, on Fox, and aired on May 19, 2014, on National Geographic Channel. The episode was written by Ann Druyan and Steven Soter, and directed by Brannon Braga. The episode explores the possibility of the interstellar spread of life and possible alien encounters. The episode also presents the hypothesis of panspermia, where the origin of life is attributed to comets or asteroids carrying radiation-resistant organisms.

Ann Druyan
Ann Druyan (/driːˈæn/ dree-ANN; born June 13, 1949) is an American documentary producer and director specializing in the communication of science.  She co-wrote the 1980 PBS documentary series Cosmos, hosted by Carl Sagan, whom she married in 1981. She is the creator, producer, and writer of the 2014 sequel, Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey and its sequel series, Cosmos: Possible Worlds, as well as the book of the same name. She directed episodes of both series.

In the late 1970s, she became the creative director of NASA's Voyager Interstellar Message Project, which produced the golden discs affixed to both the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft. She also published a novel, A Famous Broken Heart, in 1977, and later co-wrote several best selling non-fiction books with Sagan.
Jean-Michel Gaillard
Jean-Michel Gaillard (May 16, 1946, Pont-Sant-Esprit in Gard, France – July 19, 2005, Paris) was a high-ranking French official.  He was, most notably, director general of Antenne 2 (now France 2), from 1989 to 1991.

He was a student of the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud, where he received a doctorate in history.  As a politician he was a militant socialist, aligned with the likes of François Hollande and Ségolène Royal.  He was father to two girls.

Before his death from cancer at the age of 59, he was counsel for the Academy of Television Arts. During the presidency of François Mitterrand, he worked as a senior advisor at the Élysée Palace.  As a television script writer he co-wrote the television film Leclerc, a Dream of Indochina with Nicolas Sarkozy, which debuted on France 3 in 2003.

He wrote many works, including a biography of Jules Ferry, published in 1989.

École normale supérieure de lettres et sciences humaines
The École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines (ENS LSH) was an elite French grande école specialising in the arts, humanities and social sciences. Founded in 1987 in Paris as the École normale supérieure de Fontenay-Saint-Cloud, it changed its name to ENS LSH in 2000 when it moved to Lyon. It was one of two Écoles normales supérieures (ENS) to be based in Lyon; the two came together in 2010 with the creation of the new École Normale Supérieure de Lyon.
We Tadra Khonglo
We Tadra Khonglo (Tibetan: དབའས་སྟག་སྒྲ་ཁོང་ལོད, Wylie: dbavs stag sgra khong lod; ? – 728), also known as We Tara Khonglo (Tibetan: དབས་ཏ་ར་ཁོང་ལོད), was a general of Tibetan Empire who served as Lönchen during the reign of Me Agtsom. In Chinese records, his name was given as Xīnuòluó Gōnglù (Chinese: 悉諾邏恭祿).

He invaded Tang China in 727, sank Guazhou (瓜州, in modern Gansu), Changle (常樂, in south of modern Guazhou County), Changmenjun (長門軍, in north of modern Yumen) and Anxi (安西, modern Lintan). Chinese generals saw him as the biggest threat in the Sino-Tibetan border.

According to the Tibetan Annals, Tadra Khonglo was executed by Me Agtsom in brag mar in 728. According to Old Book of Tang, a Chinese general named Xiao Song had spies create rumors in Tibet that Tadra Khonglo was conspiring with Tang—which Me Agtsom believed, and summoned him then had him killed.

Old Book of Tang
The Old Book of Tang, or simply the Book of Tang, is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (10th century AD), it was superseded by the New Book of Tang, which was compiled in the Song dynasty, but later regained acceptance.

The credited editor was chief minister Liu Xu, but the bulk (if not all) of the editing work was actually completed by his predecessor Zhao Ying. The authors include Zhang Zhao, Jia Wei (賈緯), and Zhao Xi (趙熙).
Jacob Colgan
Jacob Colgan is an American singer, songwriter, producer and the CEO of Green Shoe Studio and Green Shoe Records. In 2013, he performed and produced "Oh Sweet Lorraine" for Fred Stobaugh. The song, which was the focus of the viral short documentary A Letter From Fred, subsequently entered the Billboard Hot 100 as well as other international charts. On September 19, 2013, Colgan was a guest on The View where he performed the song. He was also impersonated by Blake Shelton during Shelton's guest host appearance on Saturday Night Live in the sketch "My Darlin Joan." Colgan is the brother of country singer Aileeah Colgan and regularly co-writes and produces her music. Jacob is also a host on the podcast The Chasing Mountains Podcast.

Fred Stobaugh
Fred Stobaugh (August 22, 1917 – November 23, 2016) was a retired truck driver from Peoria, Illinois who became a viral sensation as a songwriter. A documentary video about the making of the song Oh Sweet Lorraine, based on a text that Stobaugh wrote for his wife of 72 years, became a viral video in September 2013. The song based on his text subsequently entered the Billboard Hot 100 as well as other international charts.
2016 Campeonato Paraense final
The 2016 Campeonato Paraense final was the final that decided the 2016 Campeonato Paraense, the 104th season of the Campeonato Paraense. The final were contested between Paysandu and São Francisco.

Paysandu defeated São Francisco 2–1 to win their 46th Campeonato Paraense title.

Paysandu Sport Club
Paysandu Sport Club, commonly referred to as Paysandu, is a Brazilian professional club based in Belém, Pará, founded on 2 February 1914. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, the third tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paraense, the top flight of the Pará state football league.
Unseen character
An unseen character in theatre, comics, film or television, or a silent character in radio or literature, is a character who is mentioned but not directly known to the audience, but who advances the action of the plot in a significant way, and whose absence enhances their effect on the plot.

Basil Wolverton
Basil Wolverton (July 9, 1909 – December 31, 1978) was an American cartoonist and illustrator known for his intricately detailed grotesques of bizarre or misshapen people. Wolverton was described as "Producer of Preposterous Pictures of Peculiar People who Prowl this Perplexing Planet." His many publishers included Marvel Comics and Mad magazine.

His drawings have elicited a wide range of reactions. Cartoonist Will Elder said he found Wolverton's technique "outrageously inventive, defying every conventional standard yet upholding a very unusual sense of humor. He was a refreshing original." However, there are some negative responses such as when Jules Feiffer stated, "I don't like his work. I think it's ugly."

He was posthumously inducted into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1991.
The Northern Miner (Canada)
The Northern Miner is a weekly trade journal (formerly part of the Hollinger group) that reports on the mining industry.  The Northern Miner began publication in Cobalt, Ontario, Canada, in 1915, and has since moved publication to Toronto.

The weekly journal is considered to be the "leading authority on the mining industry in Canada", and " the mining industry's bible".

Hollinger Inc.
Hollinger Inc. was a Canadian media company based in Toronto which was established in 1985 by businessman Conrad Black. At one time, the company was the third-largest media empire in the world. In 1996, through stock purchases, it took over control of Southam Inc., at the time, Canada's largest newspaper chain and a newswire service. It sold its Canadian newspaper holdings to  Canwest Global Communications Inc., in August 2000, which included the company's flagship national newspaper, the recently formed National Post. Hollinger, through its subsidiary Hollinger International, continued to own newspapers in the United States, including the Chicago Sun-Times. The company went bankrupt in 2007 and was delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange in August 2008.
Anatoly Dernovoi
Anatoly Grigorievich Dernovoi (Russian: Анатолий Григорьевич Дерновой; born 26 August 1951) was a Kazakhstani politician who served as a Minister of Healthcare in the Government of Kazakhstan.

Minister Dernovoi's predecessor, Erbolat Dosaev, was fired amid a scandal over the accidental infection of 76 children, six of whom died, with HIV. Dernovoi announced in a government meeting that eight of the children's mothers were also infected accidentally.

Government of Kazakhstan
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Үкіметі, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Ükımetı) is the collegial body that exercises executive power in the Republic of Kazakhstan; the government heads the system of executive bodies and directs their activities. The Government is formed by the President of Kazakhstan in the manner prescribed by the constitution. The current cabinet is headed by Oljas Bektenov, who was sworn in as Prime Minister on 6 February 2024.  The Government House is located on the left bank near Akorda at the House of Ministries at Mangilik el 8 ave in Astana. The length of the building is about 1.5 km. It consists of 20 blocks and has a stepped shape – from 8 to 10 floors. The total area of the facility is 228 thousand square meters. The outer walls are monolithic reinforced concrete, the finish is ceramic granite.
The Golden Helmet
"The Golden Helmet" is a 32-page Disney comics adventure story written, drawn, and lettered by Carl Barks. The story was first published in Four Color #408 (July 1952) with a cover by Barks. In the story, Donald Duck and his nephews hunt for a Viking helmet that gives the possessor legal claim to North America.

Disney comics
Disney comics are comic books and comic strips featuring characters created by the Walt Disney Company, including Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Scrooge McDuck and José Carioca.

The first Disney comics were newspaper strips appearing from 1930 on, starting with the Mickey Mouse comic strip. Mickey Mouse Magazine, the first American newsstand publication with Disney comics, launched in 1935. In 1940, Western Publishing launched the long-running flagship comic book, Walt Disney's Comics and Stories, which reached 750 issues in September 2019. Uncle Scrooge, launched in 1952, reached issue #450 in June 2019. In recent decades, Disney comics have seen a decline of popularity in the United States. In the rest of the world Disney comics have remained very successful, especially in Europe, where weekly Disney comics magazines and monthly paperback digests are national best sellers.

Disney comics have been the basis for academic theory, cultural criticism, and fan-created databases.