hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
QualCoder
QualCoder is a free, open-source qualitative data analysis (QDA) computer software compatible with all major operating systems. It is currently being developed by Colin Curtain under the MIT License. QualCoder is used in social sciences to manage and analyse large datasets, including text, audio and video files.

The software provides a user interface similar to other qualitative research tools, with essential functionalities for coding qualitative data and conducting analyses. However, QualCoder lacks some of the advanced features typically found in commercial QDA software. Since version 3.6, QualCoder has included AI-assisted coding and AI chat features.

QualCoder is a desktop-only application that operates locally on a user’s computer. Projects can be exported and shared with other users, including those using REFI-QDA-compatible programs.

Chatbot
A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface that simulates conversation through text or speech. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing. Simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Chatbots have gained popularity with the release of ChatGPT in 2022, followed by competitors such as Gemini, Claude, and Grok, in what is labelled an AI boom. AI chatbots typically use fine-tuned large language models to generate text.

A major area where chatbots have long been used is customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants.
Crinoniscidae
The Crinoniscidae are a family of isopod crustaceans in the suborder Cymothoida. The original description was made by Bonnier in 1900. Members of this family are parasites, mostly on other crustaceans. Crinoniscus equitans is parasitic on the barnacle, Balanus perforatus.

The family contains these genera and species:

Crinoniscus Perez, 1900
Crinoniscus cephalatus Hosie, 2008
Crinoniscus equitans Perez, 1900
Crinoniscus politosummus Hosie, 2008

Proteolepas Darwin, 1854
Proteolepas bivincta Darwin, 1854

Cymothoida
Cymothoida is a suborder of isopod crustaceans with a mostly carnivorous or parasitic lifestyle. It contains more than 2,700 described species in four superfamilies. Members of the suborder are characterised by their specialised mouthparts which include a mandible with a tooth-like process which is adapted for cutting or slicing.
Shirt Tails
The Shirt Tails were a mid-19th-century street gang based in the Five Points slum in Manhattan, New York, United States, who wore their shirts on the outside of their pants as 19th-century Chinese laborers would dress as a form of insignia and as a sign of gang group affiliation. Members kept their weapons—as many as three or four at a time—concealed beneath their shirts; this discreet measure stands in contrast to competing gangs who flaunted their weapons in order to intimidate.

Never numbering more than a few hundred members, the Shirt Tails, like many other gangs, disappeared shortly before the American Civil War (although they did participate in a coalition of gangs under the Dead Rabbits and fought against the Bowery Boys during the New York Draft Riots), with its remaining members dissipating or joining other Irish gangs.

Five Points, Manhattan
Five Points (or The Five Points) was a 19th-century neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The neighborhood, partly built on low-lying land that had filled in the freshwater lake known as the Collect Pond, was generally defined as being bound by Centre Street to the west, the Bowery to the east, Canal Street to the north, and Park Row to the south. The Five Points gained notoriety as a densely populated, disease-ridden, crime-infested slum that existed for over 70 years.

Through the 20th century, the former Five Points area was gradually redeveloped, with streets changed or closed. The area is now occupied by the Civic Center to the west and south, which includes major federal, state, and city facilities. To the east and north, the former Five Points neighborhood is now part of Manhattan's Chinatown.
Chiranjivi
In Hinduism, the Chiranjivi (Sanskrit: चिरञ्जीवी SG.NOM, romanized cirañjīvī, pronounced [t͡ɕi.ɾɐɲ.d͡ʑiː.ʋiː]; चिरञ्जीविनः PL.NOM, romanized cirañjīvinaḥ, pronounced [t͡ɕi.ɾɐɲ.d͡ʑiː.ʋi.n̪ɐh], lit. 'long-living, immortal') are a group of immortals set to remain alive on Earth until the end of the current epoch, the Kali Yuga.

Kali Yuga
Kali Yuga (Devanagari: कलियुग), in Hinduism, is the fourth, shortest, and worst of the four yugas (world ages) in a Yuga cycle, preceded by Dvapara Yuga and followed by the next cycle's Krita (Satya) Yuga. It is believed to be the present age, which is full of conflict and sin.

According to Puranic sources, Krishna's death marked the end of Dvapara Yuga and the start of Kali Yuga, which is dated to 17/18 February 3102 BCE. Lasting for 432,000 years (1,200 divine years), Kali Yuga began 5,127 years ago and has 426,873 years left as of 2026 CE. Kali Yuga will end in the year 428,899 CE.

Near the end of Kali Yuga, when virtues are at their worst, a cataclysm and a re-establishment of dharma occur to usher in the next cycle's Krita (Satya) Yuga, prophesied to occur by Kalki.
Leandro Trossard
Leandro Trossard (born 4 December 1994) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a forward or left winger for Premier League club Arsenal and the Belgium national team.

Trossard began his professional career in Belgium with Genk, scoring 39 goals, before embarking on four consecutive loans between 2012 and 2016. He then spent four years in England at Brighton & Hove Albion, before joining fellow Premier League side Arsenal in 2023 for £27 million (including add-ons).

Trossard has represented Belgium since joining the under-16 side in 2010. He was named in the senior squads for the UEFA European Championship in 2020 and 2024, as well as the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

Belgium national under-17 football team
The Belgium national under-17 football team is the national under-17 football team of Belgium and is controlled by the Belgian Football Association. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-17 Championship and the FIFA U-17 World Cup. Their biggest successes have been their bronze medal at the 2015 World Cup, reaching the semi-finals of the European championship in 2007 on home soil, and again in 2015 and 2018.
Beverly Hills Chihuahua
Beverly Hills Chihuahua is a 2008 American comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures, the first in the Beverly Hills Chihuahua series. It was directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Piper Perabo, Jamie Lee Curtis and Manolo Cardona as the human leads, and Drew Barrymore, George Lopez and Andy García in voice roles. The plot centers on a female Chihuahua named Chloe, who is dognapped in Mexico and must escape from a Doberman predator, El Diablo, with help from a lonely German Shepherd, Delgado, and a hyperactive male Chihuahua, Papi, who has a desperate crush on her.

Beverly Hills Chihuahua was released in the United States on October 3, 2008. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $149 million on a $20 million budget. It was followed by two sequels, Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 in 2011, and Beverly Hills Chihuahua 3: Viva la Fiesta! in 2012.

Dog theft
Dog theft is the crime of taking a dog from its owner. The theft of a dog to be held for ransom may be called dognapping, by analogy with kidnapping.

Historically in the United States, dogs had been stolen and sold on for medical research, but the introduction of the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 reduced these occurrences. The profit available to thieves varies based upon the value of the dog or the amount that its original owners are willing to pay as ransom.

In Vietnam, dog and cat theft for consumption as meat was described as a growing problem in 2020.
Foucault pendulum
The Foucault pendulum or Foucault's pendulum is a simple device named after French physicist Léon Foucault, conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the Earth's rotation. If a long and heavy pendulum suspended from the high roof above a circular area is monitored over an extended period of time, its plane of oscillation appears to change spontaneously as the Earth makes its 24-hourly rotation. This effect is greatest at the poles and diminishes with lower latitude until it no longer exists at Earth's equator.

Foucault introduced his pendulum in 1851 in the first experiment to give simple, direct evidence of the Earth's rotation, which he further demonstrated in 1852 with a gyroscope experiment. Foucault pendulums have become popular in science museums and universities.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Saint Urban's Abbey
St. Urban's Abbey (German: Kloster Sankt Urban) is a former Cistercian monastery in the municipality of Pfaffnau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Canton of Lucerne
The canton of Lucerne (German: Kanton Luzern [ˈkantɔn luˈtsɛrn]; Romansh: Chantun Lucerna; French: Canton de Lucerne; Italian: Cantone Lucerna) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the country's central, German-speaking part. The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 416,347. As of 2007, the population included 57,268 foreigners, or about 15.8% of the total population. The cantonal capital is the city of Lucerne.
Red-tailed laughingthrush
The red-tailed laughingthrush (Trochalopteron milnei) is a species of bird in the laughingthrush family Leiothrichidae. It is found in the montane forests of Myanmar, Laos, southern China and central Vietnam.

Laughingthrush
The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 143 species and is divided into 17 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.  The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.
West-Oak High School
West-Oak High School was created by the consolidation of Oakway and Westminster High Schools. The school serves students from approximately one-half of the land area in Oconee County, South Carolina. Both Oakway and Westminster schools had been previously consolidated in the 1960s with Fair Play, and Cleveland community schools. Construction for the new building began in 1982, students entered in the fall of 1983, and the first class graduated in the spring of 1984.

Oconee County, South Carolina
Oconee County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,607. Its county seat is Walhalla and its largest community is Seneca. Oconee County is included in the Seneca, SC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area. South Carolina Highway 11, the Cherokee Foothills National Scenic Highway, begins in southern Oconee County at Interstate Highway 85 at the Georgia state line.
2016 Faroe Islands Premier League
2016 Faroe Islands Premier League was the 74th season of top-tier football on the Faroe Islands. For sponsorship reasons, it was known as Effodeildin. B36 Tórshavn were the defending champions, having won their eleventh Faroese title in 2015.

The season was scheduled to begin on 5 March 2016 and conclude on 22 October 2016.

B36 Tórshavn
B36 Tórshavn (Faroese: Bóltfelagið 1936 Tórshavn) is a Faroese football club based in the capital of Tórshavn, playing in the Faroe Islands Premier League, the top tier of Faroese football. B36 Tórshavn has always played its home games in Gundadalur.

Today B36 Tórshavn is among the most successful football clubs in the Faroe Islands, having won the Faroe Islands Premier League 11 times, the Faroese Cup 6 times and the Faroese Super Cup once. The club also has a women's section, which is currently in the process of rebuilding. B36 Tórshavn is one of the biggest football clubs in the Faroe Islands, and is known for playing technical and positive football. In April 2024, F.C. Copenhagen announced their partnership with B36 Tórshavn.

B36 Tórshavn is known to blend historical success, European exploits, and a youth-to-national-team pipeline.
2011 World Junior A Challenge
The 2011 World Junior A Challenge was an international Junior "A" ice hockey tournament organized by Hockey Canada. It was hosted in Langley, British Columbia, from November 7–13, 2011, at the Langley Events Centre. The event included the 7th annual Canadian Junior Hockey League Prospects Game Challenge, marking the first time the two events had been paired together.

Alexander Kerfoot
Alexander Douglas Kerfoot (born August 11, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a forward and alternate captain for the Utah Mammoth of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the fifth round, 150th overall, by the New Jersey Devils in the 2012 NHL entry draft and has previously played in the NHL for the Colorado Avalanche, Toronto Maple Leafs and Arizona Coyotes.
2015 Under-21 Provincial Championship Group B
The 2015 Under-21 Provincial Championship Group B was contested from 15 August to 10 October 2015. The tournament (also known as the ABSA Under-21 Provincial Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the second tier of the 2015 edition of the Under-21 Provincial Championship, an annual Under-21 inter-provincial rugby union competition featuring fifteen South African provincial unions.

The tournament was won by the SWD U21s; they beat the Limpopo Blue Bulls U19s 32–29 in the final played on 8 October 2015.

The 2015 season was the final season that smaller provincial unions will compete at Under-21 level; from 2016, the Under-19 and Under-21 championships will be merged into a single Under-20 Provincial Championship.

Limpopo Blue Bulls
Limpopo Blue Bulls (known as the Assupol Limpopo Blue Bulls for sponsorship reasons) are a South African rugby union team that are a sub-union of the Blue Bulls Rugby Union and are therefore represented by the Blue Bulls in the annual Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup tournaments. They play out of Polokwane at the Peter Mokaba Stadium and draw players from the entire Limpopo province in South Africa. Between 2013 and 2015, the Limpopo Blue Bulls played as a separate team in the Vodacom Cup competition. Despite their first team not participating in first class rugby since 2015, they still have youth teams that participate in competitions such as the Under-21 and Under-19 Provincial Championships and in the Craven Week and Grant Khomo Week tournaments. They also have a women's team who compete in the South African Rugby Women's First Division.
Colorama (band)
Colorama is the longest running musical project of Welsh singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and producer Carwyn Ellis, with an ever-revolving cast of collaborators. Stylistically best described as alternative indie pop, Colorama is an eclectic hybrid of genres and languages.

The Pretenders
The Pretenders are a British-American rock band formed in March 1978. The original band consisted of founder and main songwriter Chrissie Hynde (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), James Honeyman-Scott (lead guitar, backing vocals, keyboards), Pete Farndon (bass guitar, backing vocals) and Martin Chambers (drums, backing vocals, percussion). Following the deaths of Honeyman-Scott in 1982 and Farndon in 1983, the band experienced numerous personnel changes; American-born Hynde has been the band's only continuous member.

The band's hit songs include "Kid" (1979), "Brass in Pocket" (1979), "Talk of the Town" (1980), "Message of Love" (1981), "My City Was Gone" (1982), "Back on the Chain Gang" (1982), "Middle of the Road" (1983), "2000 Miles" (1983), "Don't Get Me Wrong" (1986), "My Baby" (1986) and "I'll Stand by You" (1994). The Pretenders were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2005.
Frederick William Stevens
Frederick William Stevens (11 November 1847 – 5 March 1900) was an English architectural engineer who worked for the British colonial government in India. Stevens' most notable design was the railway station Victoria Terminus in Bombay (in 1996, it was renamed the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai).

Stevens also designed the Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai the Royal Alfred Sailor's Home, the Army and Navy Building at Kala Ghoda, the Post-Office Mews at Apollo Bunder, the head offices of the BB&CI Railway at Churchgate, and the Oriental Life Assurance Offices at the Flora Fountain. He also designed the Rajmahal Palace at Mehsana.

He died on 5 March 1900 following malaria and was buried in the Sewri Christian Cemetery.

His name and statue can be seen in a scene in the 2006 film Slumdog Millionaire.

Sewri Christian Cemetery
The Sewri Christian Cemetery (Marathi:  Sewrī Kristi smashan bhumi) in Sewri, Mumbai, India, was established by Arthur Crawford, the first Municipal Commissioner of Bombay as a location for European burials. The land was acquired from the Agri-Horticulture Society's gardens in 1865.
The bodies of Commonwealth military service personnel buried in the cemetery during the First and Second World Wars were all exhumed and reburied at Kirkee War Cemetery where permanent maintenance by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission could be assured, with the exception of a Second World War soldier of the Women's Auxiliary Corps (India) whose grave is still registered and maintained by the commission.
Tibetan pinyin
The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Standard Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin or ZWPY (Chinese: 藏文拼音; pinyin: Zàngwén Pīnyīn), is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. It is based on the pronunciation used by China National Radio's Tibetan Radio, which is based on the Lhasa dialect. It has been used within China and international cartographic products as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script since 1982.

Tibetan pinyin is a phonetic transcription, and as such its spelling is tied to actual pronunciation (although tone is not marked). Wylie on the other hand is a transliteration system, where mechanical conversion to and from Tibetan and Latin script is possible. Within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with a v replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.

Apostrophe
The apostrophe (’, ') is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets. In English, the apostrophe is used for two basic purposes:

The marking of the omission of one or more letters, e.g., the contraction of "do not" to "don't"

The marking of possessive case of nouns (as in "the eagle's feathers", "in one month's time", "the twins' coats")

It is also used in a few exceptional cases for the marking of plurals, e.g., "p's and q's" or Oakland A's. The same mark is used as a single quotation mark. It is also substituted informally for other marks –  for example instead of the prime symbol to indicate the units of foot or minutes of arc. The word apostrophe comes from the Greek ἡ ἀπόστροφος [προσῳδία] (hē apóstrophos [prosōidía], '[the accent of] turning away or elision'), through Latin and French.
Şeref Taşlıova
Şerafettin Taşliova (10 April 1938 – 20 September 2014) was a Turkish storyteller in the asik bardic tradition.

Taşliova won many prizes at bardic contests for improvised poetry and storytelling; many at international level. He had also been awarded by UNESCO. He started writing poetry around the age of ten and was widely recognised for his ability to tell epic tales, being one of the most prominent figures in the northeastern Anatolian tradition of minstrelsy,

He was a prolific published author of poetry, and has also recorded many albums of his poetry and bardic stories.

Taşliova also had a long career in broadcasting. He made appearances on a number of Turkish television stations, and had been making a regular radio broadcast since 1966. He also appeared in the Michael Wood BBC documentaries In Search of the Trojan War (1985) and In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great (1997), in which he demonstrates the oral traditions of the storyteller.

Bard
In Celtic cultures, a bard is an oral repository and professional story teller, verse-maker, music composer, oral historian and genealogist, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or chieftain) to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.

With the decline of a living bardic tradition in the modern period, the term has loosened to mean a generic minstrel or author (especially a famous one). For example, William Shakespeare and Rabindranath Tagore are respectively known as "the Bard of Avon" (often simply "the Bard") and "the Bard of Bengal". In 16th-century Scotland, it turned into a derogatory term for an itinerant musician; nonetheless it was later romanticised by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832).
Life Left to Go
Life Left to Go is the debut studio album by American rock band SafetySuit, released on May 13, 2008, through Universal Motown Records. It was produced by Greg Archilla, who had previously collaborated with SafetySuit on their independent EP. The album produced three singles, the most successful of which were "Stay" and "Someone Like You"; both charted on several Billboard charts in 2008 and 2009. The song "Annie" was also released as a single in late 2009. The album was met with a highly positive response by critics.

Universal Motown Records
Universal Motown Records was an American record label that operated as a division of Universal Motown Republic Group. It was a contemporary incarnation of the massively successful soul label Motown Records, and the "urban" half of the Universal Records label, although there were some rock artists on the label (along with its sub-labels) as well. Due to internal restructuring at UMG, it was shuttered in 2011, eventually replaced by Republic Records and a modern Motown under The Island Def Jam Music Group.
Jawahar Yadav (Pandit)
Jawahar Yadav, alias Pandit, was an Indian politician from the Samajwadi Party. He was elected as a Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Jhunsi Vidhansabha of Allahabad district (which was converted into Phulpur Vidhansabha after 2008 delimitation). Jawahar was originally from Jaunpur, who came to the neighboring district Allahabad in search of employment and started the business of liquor and extracting morang sand from the Ganga-Yamuna basin.

Jaunpur district
Jaunpur district is a district in the Varanasi Division of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The district headquarters is the city of Jaunpur which is situated on the banks of the Gomti River.  It is located 228 km southeast of the state capital Lucknow. 65 km northwest of Varanasi and 732 km southeast of New Delhi. The district has two Lok Sabha seats and nine Vidhan Sabha seats. According to the 2011 census, Jaunpur has a gender ratio of 1,018 females to 1,000 males, the highest in Uttar Pradesh. The most commonly spoken language in the district is Hindi.