hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minnesota's at-large congressional district
During the 35th through 37th Congresses, Minnesota elected its two members of the United States House of Representatives at-large statewide on a general ticket. Minnesota then elected a member (considered the 10th seat) to an at-large seat 1913–1915, with the remaining nine representatives elected in districts.  Minnesota elected all its members at large for the 73rd Congress, ending the practice two years later.

37th United States Congress
The 37th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1861, to March 4, 1863, during the first two years of Abraham Lincoln's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census.

For the first time since the party's establishment, the Republicans won the majority of both chambers, and thus full control of Congress. And with Abraham Lincoln becoming the first Republican President after being sworn in on March 4, 1861, the Republicans had their first ever overall federal government trifecta.
Japan College of Rheumatology
Japan College of Rheumatology (JCR) is an association of physicians, scientists and academic scholars for studying and promoting the understanding and treatment of Rheumatic diseases in Japan. It organises an annual meeting and publishes the academic journal Modern Rheumatology. It is a member organisation of Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR).

Rheumatism
Rheumatism /ˈruːmətɪzəm/ (from the Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα, rheûma) or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and  "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism". There is a close overlap between the term soft tissue disorder and rheumatism. Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions.

The term "Rheumatic Diseases" is used in MeSH to refer to connective tissue disorders. The branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatism is called rheumatology.
Aeneas Gallant
Pius Aeneas Gallant (February 1, 1882 – November 10, 1971) was a farmer, merchant and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1932 to 1943 as a Liberal.

He was born in Rustico, Prince Edward Island, the son of Dr. Isidore Gallant and Marguerite Campbell. He operated a store in Bloomfield Station for several years. In 1941, Gallant married Lillian-Mae MacAuland. He was accountant for the Falconwood Hospital in Charlottetown from 1943 to 1954. He died in Charlottetown at the age of 89.

North Rustico
North Rustico is a Canadian town located in Queens County, Prince Edward Island.

Situated on the north shore, North Rustico became an incorporated municipality in 1954. North Rustico changed its status to a town on November 16, 2013. The town is known to locals, as well as many others as "The Crick". Its population as of the 2021 Census was 648 people.

North Rustico is well known for its Canada Day celebration every year on July 1. The event usually attracts in excess of 10,000 people, which packs the town quite full. It includes festivities in the park, a parade down main street, as well as a boat parade on Rustico Harbour. The celebration is popular among families, teenagers and adults. The day is completed by a fireworks display over the bay.
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega−6 fatty acid 20:4(ω−6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14). It is a precursor in the formation of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

Together with omega−3 fatty acids and other omega−6 fatty acids, arachidonic acid provides energy for body functions, contributes to cell membrane structure, and participates in the synthesis of eicosanoids, which have numerous roles in physiology as signaling molecules.

It was named after the similarly structured Arachidic acid, a constituent of peanut oil whose name in turn derives from the ancient Greek neologism arachis 'peanut'. Peanut oil does not contain any arachidonic acid, itself. Arachidonate is the name of the derived carboxylate anion (conjugate base of the acid), salts, and some esters.

Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

In biochemistry, the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway, such as a protein precursor.
Donald Brace
Donald Clifford Brace (December 27, 1881, West Winfield, New York – September 20, 1955) was an American publisher and founder of the publishing company Harcourt, Brace & Howe in 1919.

Brace graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1904 with fellow grad Alfred Harcourt, with whom he worked for Henry Holt and Company before founding Harcourt, Brace & Howe, along with editor Will David Howe. After Howe left the company in 1921, the partners changed the name to Harcourt, Brace & Company. They published the works of a number of writers who became internationally renowned, including Walter Lippmann, Sinclair Lewis, Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, James Thurber, George Orwell, Valentine Davies and Robert Penn Warren. Firms acquired by Harcourt, Brace include Brewer, Warren and Putnam; and Reynal & Hitchcock.

Will D. Howe
Will David Howe (August 25, 1873 – December 6, 1946) was an American educator, editor, and nonfiction writer. He was born in Charlestown, Indiana. He taught English at Indiana University after receiving a bachelor's degree from Butler University, and master's and doctorate degrees from Harvard University.
Catopsilia florella
Catopsilia florella, the African migrant, African emigrant, or common vagrant, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in Africa (including Madagascar),  Arabia (United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman) and the Canary Islands. Like Catopsilia pomona, this species also has a habit of migration. Many early authors mentioned the presence of this species in Asia; but those were probably due to confusion arises as Catopsilia pyranthe females exhibit a lot of seasonal variations. Catopsilia florella is not included as a species in India in any recent checklists.

The wingspan is 54–60 mm for males and 56–66 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round. From South Africa, adults migrate from summer to autumn. They fly in a north-eastern direction.

The larvae feed on Senna occidentalis, Senna septentrionalis, Senna petersiana, Senna italica, Cassia javanica, and Cassia fistula.

Senna occidentalis
Senna occidentalis, commonly known as coffee senna, styptic weed, or septicweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to the southern United States of America, Mexico and South America. It is a shrub with pinnate leaves, with three to seven pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of two to four, with six fertile stamens in each flower. It is an aggressive, pantropical weed.
Réo Grégoire
Réo Grégoire was a Canadian cinematographer. He was most noted for his work on Pierre Bernier and Jacques Leduc's short documentary film No Matter Where (Là ou ailleurs), for which he won the Canadian Film Award for Best Colour Cinematography at the 21st Canadian Film Awards in 1969.

Grégoire worked principally on documentary films for the National Film Board of Canada, although he also had selected credits on narrative fiction films including A Matter of Life (Question de vie), O or the Invisible Infant (Ô ou l'invisible enfant) and The Paths of the World (Les Allées de la terre).

Canadian Film Awards
The Canadian Film Awards were the leading Canadian cinema awards from 1949 until 1978. These honours were conducted annually, except in 1974 when a number of Quebec directors withdrew their participation and prompted a cancellation. In the 1970s, they were sometimes known as the Etrog Awards for sculptor Sorel Etrog, who designed the statuette.

The awards were succeeded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's Genie Awards in 1980. In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its separate Gemini Awards program for television to create the contemporary Canadian Screen Awards.
George Ogilvy Reid
George Ogilvy Reid (19 September 1851- 11 April 1928) was a Scottish landscape and portrait artist operating in the late 19th and early 20th century. He lived his entire life in Leith, the harbour area of Edinburgh.

Leith
Leith (/liːθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Lìte) is a suburb to the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying at the mouth of the Water of Leith. It is home to the Port of Leith.

The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128 in which it is termed Inverlet (Inverleith). After centuries of control by Edinburgh, Leith was made a separate burgh in 1833 only to be merged into Edinburgh in 1920.

Leith is located on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh council area; since 2007 it has formed one of 17 multi-member wards of the city.
Carya kweichowensis
Carya kweichowensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Juglandaceae, native to southwestern Guizhou, China. A montane forest tree reaching 20 m (66 ft), it is closely related to Carya sinensis.

Juglandaceae
The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia.

The nine or ten genera in the family have a total of around 63 species, and include the commercially important nut-producing trees walnut (Juglans), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), and hickory (Carya). The Persian walnut, Juglans regia, is one of the major nut crops of the world. Walnut, hickory, and gaulin are also valuable timber trees while pecan wood is also valued as cooking fuel.
November to Remember (1997)
The 1997 November to Remember was the fifth November to Remember professional wrestling event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and the first edition of November to Remember to be broadcast on pay-per-view. The event took place on November 30, 1997 from the Golden Dome in Monaca, Pennsylvania.

Eight professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Shane Douglas defeated Bam Bam Bigelow to win the ECW World Heavyweight Championship. In the penultimate matches, Sabu defeated The Sandman in a Tables & Ladders match and Tommy Dreamer faced Rob Van Dam in a Flag match. Taz and The F.B.I. (Tracy Smothers and Little Guido) successfully defended the World Television Championship and the World Tag Team Championship respectively.

Rob Van Dam versus Tommy Dreamer was included on the 2005 WWE DVD release Rob Van Dam: One of a Kind. Shane Douglas versus Bam Bam Bigelow was included on the 2012 WWE DVD and Blu-ray release ECW Unreleased: Vol 1.

Monaca, Pennsylvania
Monaca (/mɪˈnækə/ mi-NAK-ə) is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 5,625 as of the 2020 census. It is located 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

First incorporated in 1840 as Phillipsburg as the home of the New Philadelphia Society, its name was changed to Monaca in honor of the Oneida leader Monacatootha. Fire clay is found in large quantities in the vicinity, and there is a Stölzle Glass plant in the town.
Dahr Safra
Dahr Safra (Arabic: ضهر صفرا) is a village in the northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Baniyas District of Tartous Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Dahr Safra had a population of 1,019 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are Maronite Christians.

Baniyas District
Baniyas District (Arabic: منطقة بانياس, romanized: manṭiqat Bāniyās) is a district of the Tartus Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Baniyas. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 174,233. The estimated population of the Alawites of the Baniyas District is approximately 105,000, while the population of Sunni Muslims is estimated at 45,000, in addition to 20,000 Christians, according to the Syrian network for human rights.
Tom Webster (rugby union)
Thomas Robert Dobson Webster (12 July 1920 — 6 November 1972) was a New Zealand rugby union international.

Webster was born in Waikouaiti and educated at Otago Boys' High School.

A fullback, Webster played most of his representative rugby for Southland and was in the team that defeated the touring Wallabies in 1946. He made the All Blacks squad for the 1947 tour of Australia as an understudy to Bob Scott and appeared in three uncapped matches, scoring a total of 38 points off his boot.

Waikouaiti
Waikouaiti is a small town in East Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. The town is close to the coast and the mouth of the Waikouaiti River.

Today, Waikouaiti is a retail trade and servicing centre for the surrounding district, which has sheep farming as the principal primary activity. A major egg producer, Zeagold Foods, a branch of Mainland Poultry LTD has a 500,000-hen factory farming operation here and is in the process of expanding over the next year to meet demand for egg products. Hawksbury, 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) southwest of Waikouaiti, has a cheese factory and shop, a swimming pool and housing developed from the old mental health institution, Cherry Farm. Karitane, 3 km (1.9 mi) to the southeast has a small fishing port.
Paul Woods (rugby)
Paul Woods (28 October 1950 – (2007-11-01)1 November 2007) was a Welsh rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s, and rugby union coach. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Oakdale RFC, Tredegar RFC and Pontypool RFC, and representative rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Widnes, Rochdale Hornets, Hull FC, Cardiff City (Bridgend) Blue Dragons and Runcorn Highfield, as a fullback, stand-off or scrum-half, and coached club level rugby union (RU) for Tredegar RFC and Margam RFC.

1979–80 Northern Rugby Football League season
The 1979–80 Northern Rugby Football League season was the 85th season of rugby league football. Sixteen English clubs competed for the Northern Rugby Football League's first division championship, with Bradford claiming the title by finishing on top of the League.
Any Day Now (2012 film)
Any Day Now is  a 2012 American drama film directed by Travis Fine, who rewrote the original screenplay that George Arthur Bloom had written 30 years previously. Alan Cumming and Garret Dillahunt star as a gay couple who assume guardianship of a teenage boy who has Down syndrome, only to find themselves at odds with the biological mother and California's family law courts.

The film premiered at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival, where Music Box Films acquired distribution. It received a limited theatrical release on December 14, 2012, to positive reviews.

Outfest
Outfest is an LGBTQ-oriented nonprofit that produces two film festivals, operates a movie streaming platform, and runs educational services for filmmakers  in Los Angeles. Outfest is one of the key partners, alongside the Frameline Film Festival, the New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival, and the Inside Out Film and Video Festival, in launching the North American Queer Festival Alliance, an initiative to further publicize and promote LGBT film.
Laropiprant
Laropiprant (INN) was a drug used in combination with nicotinic acid to reduce blood cholesterol (LDL and VLDL) that is no longer sold, due to increases in side-effects with no cardiovascular benefit. Laropiprant itself has no cholesterol lowering effect, but it reduces facial flushes induced by nicotinic acid.

Merck & Co. planned to market this combination under the trade names Cordaptive in the US and Tredaptive in Europe. Both brands contained 1000 mg of nicotinic acid (niacin) and 20 mg of laropiprant in each tablet.

Flushing (physiology)
Flushing is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions. Flushing is generally distinguished  from blushing, since blushing is psychosomatic, milder, generally restricted to the face, cheeks or ears, and generally assumed to reflect emotional stress, such as embarrassment, anger, or romantic stimulation. Flushing is also a cardinal symptom of carcinoid syndrome—the syndrome that results from hormones (often serotonin or histamine) being secreted into systemic circulation.
Pakowhai
Pakowhai is a small settlement in the Hastings District and Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is a located between Napier and Hastings, north of the Ngaruroro River.

Mission Estate Winery established its first vineyard in Hawke's Bay at Pakowhai in 1851.

The Pakowhai Regional Park is located on the river's south bank. It is a country park, with dog-walking areas and agility features. It hosts community planting days, and attracts kākā from inland mountains.

A new petrol station was controversially proposed for the area in 2019.

Pakowhai was inundated by flooding during Cyclone Gabrielle in 2023 after the Ngaruroro River burst its banks. Dozen of houses were destroyed.

Kākā
The New Zealand kākā (Nestor meridionalis) is a large species of parrot of the family Strigopidae found in New Zealand's native forests across the three main Islands of New Zealand. The species is often known by the abbreviated name kākā, although it shares this name with the recently extinct Norfolk kākā and Chatham kākā. Two subspecies of New Zealand kākā are recognised. It is endangered and has disappeared from much of its former range, though the re-introduction of North Island kākā at Zealandia in Wellington has led to an increasing population of the birds across the city.
Fine structure
In atomic physics, the fine structure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. It was first measured precisely for the hydrogen atom by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley in 1887. The explanation was first given by Niels Bohr in 1914, who suggested that the orbits of electrons in his Bohr model of the atom precessed due to relativistic effects. A successful relativistic formula was given by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1916. In the same work, Sommerfeld also introduced the fine-structure constant.

Edward W. Morley
Edward Williams Morley (January 29, 1838 – February 24, 1923) was an American scientist known for his precise and accurate measurement of the atomic weight of oxygen, and for the Michelson–Morley experiment.
Hechen
Hechen (simplified Chinese: 合陈; traditional Chinese: 合陳; pinyin: Héchén) is a town located in the east of Xinghua City in east-central Jiangsu province. The area has approximately 60,000 inhabitants spread over 16,200 households. The town is an old revolutionary base and was the location of many well-known battles. The flat terrain, fertile soil, spaced water network, superior ecological environment and rich natural resources have made the town relatively prosperous.

Xinghua, Jiangsu
Xinghua (simplified Chinese: 兴化; traditional Chinese: 興化; pinyin: Xīnghuà) is a county-level city under the administration of Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China. It is located in the central part of Jiangsu Province. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Yancheng to the north and east and Yangzhou to the west.

Xinghua's name (兴化) is the abbreviation for "兴盛教化" (xīngshèng jiàohuà) which means "prospering (the Confucian) teaching".
Malbis, Alabama
Malbis is an unincorporated community in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. The community lies at the crossroads of U.S. 90 and Alabama State Route 181 just south of I-10. Portions of the settlement are today within the city limits of both Daphne and Spanish Fort. The city of Loxley lies to the east.

Malbis is considered a community or populated place but is not identified in the United States Census. It is part of the Daphne–Fairhope–Foley Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The Malbis Plantation was inducted into the National Register of Historic Places in May 2011.

Loxley, Alabama
Loxley is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the town was 3,710. It is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area. Loxley is becoming a popular location for the expansion of the suburbs from Daphne and Spanish Fort, Alabama, because it is served by an Interstate 10 exit and is almost directly between the cities of Mobile, Alabama, and Pensacola, Florida.
Aboriginal title in California
Aboriginal title in California refers to the aboriginal title land rights of the indigenous peoples of California. The state is unique in that no Native American tribe in California is the counterparty to a ratified federal treaty. Therefore, all the Indian reservations in the state were created by federal statute or executive order.

California has experienced less possessory land claim litigation than other states. This is primarily the result of the Land Claims Act of 1851 (following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) that required all claims deriving from the Spanish and Mexican governments to be filed within two years. Three U.S. Supreme Court decisions and one Ninth Circuit ruling have held that the Land Claims Act applied to aboriginal title, and thus extinguished all aboriginal title in the state (as no tribes filed claims under the Act). Two Deputy Attorneys General of California have advocated this view.

Counterparty
A counterparty (sometimes contraparty) is a legal entity, unincorporated entity, or collection of entities to which an exposure of financial risk may exist. The word became widely used in the 1980s, particularly at the time of the Basel I deliberations in 1988.

Well-drafted contracts usually attempt to spell out in explicit detail what each counterparty's rights and obligations are in every conceivable circumstance, though there are limits. There are general provisions for how counterparties are treated under the law, and (at least in common law legal systems) there are many legal precedents that shape the common law.
Aquinas Academy (Pittsburgh)
Aquinas Academy is a private, Roman Catholic K-12 school in Gibsonia, Pennsylvania.  It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh and consistently ranks in the top 5 schools in western Pennsylvania in its average SAT scores, in some years ranking first. The school also has consistently been named one of the Top Fifty Catholic Secondary Schools in the annual High School Honor Roll published by the Acton Institute . The high school was ranked the number one Catholic High School in Pennsylvania in 2015 and 2016 and the number one Catholic High School in the Pittsburgh area by Niche.com.

Gibsonia, Pennsylvania
Gibsonia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Richland Township, Allegheny County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, north of the city of Pittsburgh.

It had a population of 2,785 at the 2020 Census. Its ZIP code is 15044.