hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shiyan (satellite)
Shiyan (SY, simplified Chinese: 实验; traditional Chinese: 實驗; pinyin: Shíyàn; lit. 'experiment') is a Chinese experimental satellite program consisting of a variety of test satellites. Given the classified nature of the satellites, Chinese government statements regarding the missions of Shiyan satellites follow the common refrain of agricultural monitoring and space environment observation — the same offered for other classified programs such as the Tongxin Jishu Shiyan, Yaogan, and Shijian programs. Alternatively named Tansuo satellites, Shiyan satellites occupy varying orbits including low Earth, polar Sun-synchronous, geosynchronous, and highly-elliptical orbits and are believed to accomplish a diverse set of missions from rendezvous proximity operations (RPO) to earth imaging. Though similarly named, the Shiyan satellite program is not to be confused with the separate Shijian satellite program.

Polar orbit
A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited (usually a planet such as the Earth, but possibly another body such as the Moon or Sun) on each revolution. It has an inclination of about 80–90 degrees to the body's equator.

Launching satellites into polar orbit requires a larger launch vehicle to launch a given payload to a given altitude than for a near-equatorial orbit at the same altitude, because it cannot take advantage of the Earth's rotational velocity. Depending on the location of the launch site and the inclination of the polar orbit, the launch vehicle may lose up to 460 m/s of Delta-v, approximately 5% of the Delta-v required to attain Low Earth orbit.
Charles Oaks Ermatinger
Charles Oaks (Oakes) Ermatinger (February 5, 1851 – December 16, 1921) was an Ontario lawyer, judge and political figure. He represented Elgin East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1883 to 1886 as a Conservative member.

He was born in St. Thomas, Canada West, in 1851, the son of Edward Ermatinger and the grandson of Zacheus Burnham. He articled in law with H.F. Ellis and D.B. Read, was called to the bar in 1873 and set up practice at St. Thomas. He served on the town council. In 1876, he married Charlotte, the widow of Arthur Dickson and daughter of Hugh Richardson. In 1885, he was named Queen's Counsel. Ermatinger ran unsuccessfully for the same seat in the House of Commons in 1887. In 1890, he was appointed Junior Judge for Elgin County.

Ermatinger published an edition of The Talbot regime : or, The first half century of the Talbot settlement, originally published by his father.

Zacheus Burnham
Zacheus Burnham (February 20, 1777 – February 25, 1857) was a farmer, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in 1777 in Dunbarton, New Hampshire. He arrived in Upper Canada in 1797 and settled in Hamilton Township near the current site of Cobourg. He was able to acquire large land holdings, thousands of acres, in the region, some as compensation for survey work. He also helped in the economic development of the Newcastle District, building sawmills and grist mills on his property. He was also involved in the development of transportation links in the region and operated a large and productive farm. He served as a captain in the local militia during the War of 1812 and, in 1813, became a justice of the peace. He was elected to the 7th Parliament of Upper Canada representing Northumberland and Durham. In 1831, he was appointed to the Legislative Council for the province and, in 1839, he was appointed a judge in the Newcastle District court.

He died in Cobourg in 1857.
Academy for the Arts, Science and Technology
The Academy for the Arts, Science and Technology (shortened as AAST or The Academy) is a branch school of the Horry County Schools system in Horry County, South Carolina. It has a focus on specific career majors and has qualifying status as a Blue Ribbon School and as a New American High School. Despite this, by a vote of the Horry County School Board on October 21, 2019, the program was partially dismantled and converted into a two-year program from a four-year program. In 2025, AAST was admitted to SCASA's Palmetto's Finest list.

Horry County, South Carolina
Horry County (/ˈɒriː/ OR-ree, silent "h" like its namesake Peter Horry) is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 351,029. It is the fourth-most populous county in South Carolina. The county seat is Conway. Horry County is the central county in the Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Pee Dee region of South Carolina, about 90 miles (140 km) north of Charleston, and about 130 miles (210 km) east of the state capital, Columbia.
Schwedt military prison
The Schwedt military prison was the only military prison in the German Democratic Republic which was opened in 1968 and was located in the northeastern city of Schwedt. It was used for the imprisonment of members of the National People's Army and the Volkspolizei-Bereitschaft of Ministerium des Innern (DDR). Around half of those detained were for crimes such as assault, theft, but also "anti-state agitation" or defamation of the state, and military crimes such as refusal to obey orders, desertion, or consuming alcohol on duty. Smaller offenses were often used as an excuse to suppress political dissent, the expression of individuality and different thinking and to punish them under the pretext of the rule of law of the GDR.

The facility was fully closed on May 31, 1990. The prison barracks were demolished in the 1990s, while the four-story administration building has occasionally been used as a shelter for the homeless.

Volkspolizei-Bereitschaft
The Volkspolizei-Bereitschaften (VPB, German for "People's Police Alert Units", sometimes known as "Barracked People’s Police" or "Alert Police") was the paramilitary police force of the Volkspolizei of the German Democratic Republic. Like in many Warsaw Pact countries, The VPB were organized as Internal Troops and served as a riot police and gendarmerie-like force. The VPB functioned as the de facto armed branch of the Ministry for State Security (Stasi).

Though considered part of the armed forces, the VPB was never part of the National People's Army or the Ministry of National Defence, instead under the Ministry of the Interior.
The City of Muskogee
The City of Muskogee is governed by a city manager, mayor and a city council under the council–manager form of local government. The governing document of Muskogee, Oklahoma is the City Charter of Muskogee.

Municipal charter
A city charter or town charter (generically, municipal charter) is a legal document (charter) establishing a municipality such as a city or town.  The concept developed in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Traditionally, the granting of a charter gave a settlement and its inhabitants the right to town privileges under the feudal system.  Townspeople who lived in chartered towns were burghers, as opposed to serfs who lived in villages.  Towns were often "free", in the sense that they were directly protected by the king or emperor, and were not part of a feudal fief.

Today, the process for granting is determined by the type of government of the state in question.  In monarchies, charters are still often a royal charter given by the Crown or the authorities acting on behalf of the Crown.  In federations, the granting of charters may be within the jurisdiction of the lower level of government, such as a province.
Abraham Dowden
Abraham Rinkle Dowden (/ˈdaʊdən/; February 14, 1839 – September 18, 1907) was a minor Democratic political figure in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. He was Postmaster of the Fourth Class Post Office in Kisatchie, Louisiana, from 1887 to 1891.3  He was known by "A.R." for most of his life.

Fourth-class post office
A fourth-class post office in the United States, from 1864 to the 1970s, was a post office at which the postmaster received the lowest tier of annual commission income from postage stamps. Prior to the early 20th century, fourth-class post offices were the backbone of the U.S. postal system. They were also in many cases the backbones of the hamlets and rural communities where they were located, as they provided a local gathering place and center of civic activity. These small rural post offices followed an agency model, in which the Post Office Department used existing buildings and businesses and paid its postmasters on a commission basis.

The rise of rural free delivery and the resulting consolidation of post offices spelled the end for many fourth-class post offices. In 1901, fourth-class post offices numbered over 70,000, more than 90% of all post offices in the country. By the 1970s they numbered less than 6,000.
District School Board of Niagara
The District School Board of Niagara (DSBN, known as English-language Public District School Board No. 22 prior to 1999) is a school board in the public school system of Ontario, Canada, in the Regional Municipality of Niagara. Its head office is in St. Catharines. The DSBN operates schools in each of the twelve municipalities in the region. It employs close to 2,500 instructional staff to teach over 43,000 students in 97 elementary schools and 18 secondary schools. As of 2018, it was considered the top employer by number of employees in the Niagara Region. DSBN offers high school level courses online through Desire2Learn (D2L).

The board was created on January 1, 1998, as a result of the amalgamation of the Lincoln County Board of Education serving the boundaries of the former Lincoln County, and the Niagara South Board of Education which served the boundaries of the former Welland County.

D2L
D2L (or Desire2Learn) is a Canada-based global software company with offices in Australia, Brazil, Europe, India, Singapore, and the United States.

D2L is the developer of the Brightspace learning management system, a cloud-based software suite used by schools, higher educational institutions, and businesses for online and blended classroom learning. The company is also the developer of Open Courses, a Massive Open Online Course platform.
Antipyretic
An antipyretic (/ˌæntipaɪˈrɛtɪk/, from anti- 'against' and pyretic 'feverish') is a substance that reduces fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.

Most antipyretic medications have other purposes. The most common antipyretics in the US are usually ibuprofen and aspirin, which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used primarily as anti-inflammatories and analgesics (pain relievers), but which also have antipyretic properties; and paracetamol (acetaminophen), an analgesic without anti-inflammatory properties.

There is some debate over the appropriate use of such medications, since fever is part of the body's immune response to infection. A study published by the Royal Society claims that fever suppression causes at least 1% more influenza deaths in the United States, or 700 extra deaths per year.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Saint-Nazaire, French Guiana
Saint-Nazaire is a village in French Guiana, in the commune of Saint-Élie on the Tiger Creek. In 1873, gold was discovered in Saint-Élie. The mines were in the middle of the rain forest with no river connection to the outside world. In 1884 construction began on a railway line to Gare Tigre near Saint-Nazaire. The railway line needed frequent repairs, and had over 100 bridges. In 1990, the railway line was abandoned when a road opened.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Jan van Mersbergen
Jan van Mersbergen (born 10 April 1971, Gorinchem) is a Dutch novelist. He has written five novels, including Morgen zijn we in Pamplona (2007) which has been translated into German, French and English. He received in 2011 and 2012 twice €35,000 subsidies for a novel.

Gorinchem
Gorinchem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣɔrkʏm] ⓘ or [ˈɣɔrkəm]), also spelled Gorkum, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 21.93 km2 (8.47 sq mi) of which 3.10 km2 (1.20 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 37,410 in 2021.

The municipality of Gorinchem also includes the population centre of Dalem.
Margherita Roberti
Margherita Roberti, born Margaret Jean Roberts (1925 – January 23, 2021) was an American operatic soprano who had an active international career that spanned from 1948 to 1988. Although she performed throughout the world, Roberti achieved her greatest success and popularity in Italy. A dramatic soprano, Roberti drew particular acclaim for her portrayals of Verdi heroines. Among her signature roles are Amelia in Un ballo in maschera, Elisabetta in Don Carlos, Elena in I vespri siciliani, Odabella in Attila, and the title role in Luisa Miller. In 1970 she was awarded of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.

Attila (opera)
Attila is an opera in a prologue and three acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on the 1809 play Attila, König der Hunnen (Attila, King of the Huns) by Zacharias Werner. The opera received its first performance at La Fenice in Venice on 17 March 1846.

Ezio's act 2 aria of heroic resolution "È gettata la mia sorte" (My lot is cast, I am prepared for any warfare) is a fine example of a characteristic Verdian genre, and it achieved fame in its own time with audiences in the context of the adoption of a liberal constitution by Ferdinand II. Other contemporary comment praised the work as suitable for the "political education of the people", while, in contrast, others criticised the opera as "Teutonic" in nature.
Lapsis
Lapsis is a 2020 American dystopian science fiction film written, directed, edited, and scored by Noah Hutton. It stars Dean Imperial as a delivery man who turns to quantum cabling, a strange new corner of the gig economy. The film also stars Madeline Wise, Babe Howard, Dora Madison, Ivory Aquino, Frank Wood, James McDaniel, and Arliss Howard.

The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 16, 2020, and was screened at the Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival on July 11, 2020, where it won the Jury's Choice Award. It was released in the United States on February 12, 2021, by Film Movement. It received positive reviews from critics, while Hutton was nominated for Best First Screenplay at the 36th Independent Spirit Awards.

James McDaniel
James McDaniel Jr. (born March 25, 1958) is an American stage, film and television actor. He is best known for playing Lt. Arthur Fancy on the television show NYPD Blue. He played the role of Paul in the hit Lincoln Center play Six Degrees of Separation. He played a police officer in the ill-fated 1990 series Cop Rock, and a close advisor to the director Spike Lee regarding the activist Malcolm X in the 1992 film Malcolm X. He also played Sgt. Jesse Longford in the ABC television series Detroit 1-8-7.
Shi Ke
Shi Ke (Chinese: 石柯; pinyin: Shí Kē; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂɻ̩̌ kʰɤ́]; born 8 January 1993) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays as a centre-back for Yunnan Yukun in the Chinese Super League.

Yunnan Yukun F.C.
Yunnan Yukun Football Club (Chinese: 云南玉昆足球俱乐部; pinyin: Yúnnán Yùkūn Zúqiú Jùlèbù) is a Chinese professional football club based in Yuxi, Yunnan, that competes in the Chinese Super League, the top tier of Chinese football. Yunnan Yukun plays its home matches at the Yuxi Plateau Sports Center Stadium, located within Hongta District.

Founded in 2021 as Yunnan Yukun Steel Football Club, the club briefly changed their name to Yuxi Yukun Steel Football Club in 2022 before settling with their current name in 2023. The club gained three successive promotions, going from the fourth-tier of Chinese football to the top-flight between 2022 and 2024. With their promotion to the Chinese Super League in 2024, they became the first club from Yunnan to play in the CSL since its inception in 2004, and became the first club from Yunnan to play in the Chinese top-flight since Yunnan Hongta twenty-one years prior.
Khors Air
Khors Air (Ukrainian: Авіакомпанія Хорс) was an airline based in Kyiv, Ukraine. It operated mainly charter flights within Ukraine, and also offered flights to Europe and the Middle East from Kyiv International Airport.

Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany)
The Igor Sikorsky Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany) (Ukrainian: Міжнародний аеропорт «Київ» імені Ігоря Сікорського (Жуляни), (IATA: IEV, ICAO: UKKK)) is one of the two passenger airports of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv, the other being Boryspil International Airport. It is owned by the municipality of Kyiv and located in the Zhuliany neighbourhood, about seven kilometres (four nautical miles) southwest of the city centre. Aside from facilitating regular passenger flights, Kyiv International Airport is also the main business aviation airport in Ukraine, and one of the busiest business aviation hubs in Europe.
Lloccesa
Lloccesa (possibly from Aymara) is a 5,335-metre-high (17,503 ft) mountain in the southern extensions of the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Macusani District, and in the  Melgar Province, Nuñoa District.

Nuñoa District
Nuñuwa District is one of nine districts of the Melgar Province in Peru. The town of Nuñoa has become a destination for tourists as they start the climb to Machu Picchu.  The growth of this local tourist industry has been stimulating changes in society, as the anthropologist Morgan Hoke has shown in a study of the impact of tourist eateries, especially pizzerias, on dairy and cheese production and on consequently on women's participation in the Nuñoa economy.
Bakhtiyar-nama
The Bakhtiyar-nama is a medieval Iranian romance, which both has a prose and verse version. The earliest surviving version of the work is in the Arabic prose text of ʿAjāʾib al-bakht fī qiṣṣat al-aḥdī ʿashar wazīran wa-mā jāra lahum maʿ Ibn al-Malik Āzādbakht ("Wonders of the age, or the story of the eleven viziers and what befell them with prince Azadbakht"), written in 1000. The earliest surviving New Persian version is the Rāḥat al-arvāḥ ("Souls' repose") by the poet Shams al-Din Muhammad Daqa'iqi Marvaz, in a manuscript written in 1264/5. It has been suggested that the story originates from a Middle Persian book, but this remains unclear.

Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg  (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐‎, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, the official language of Iran (also known as Persia), Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).
Tae-Hye-Ji
Tae-Hye-Ji (Korean: 태혜지) is a coined term and acronym used in South Korean media and popular culture to refer to three actresses: Kim Tae-hee, Song Hye-kyo, and Jun Ji-hyun. The term emerged in the early 2000s to collectively describe the actresses who were identified by The Korea Herald as the representative icons of the Korean Wave (Hallyu) due to their brand recognition and advertising value.

The term has been widely referenced in Korean media coverage discussing celebrity branding and generational comparisons. Media outlets have drawn parallels between this grouping and the "1970s Troika" (Jeong Yun-hui, Chang Mi-hee, and Yu Ji-in), citing Tae-Hye-Ji as a modern continuation of the industry's "troika" tradition.

Yu Ji-in
Yu Ji-in (Korean: 유지인; born January 27, 1956) is a South Korean actress active since 1974. She was born Lee Yun-hui in Seoul, South Korea in 1956 and received a bachelor's and master's degree in Theater and Film from Chung-Ang University. When she was a freshman at the school in 1974, she started her acting career after getting elected in a joint recruit held by the Yeonbang Film, and Weekly Hankook. From onwards to 1977, she appeared in one to three films per year and at the same time, she also acted as a TV actress affiliated to TBC TV. Yu was commonly referred to as "New Troika" or "Second Troika" along with her rival actresses, Jeong Yun-hui and Chang Mi-hee of the 1970s and 1980s after the "First Troika", Moon Hee, Nam Jeong-im, and Yoon Jeong-hee of the 1960s.
Alfred Denville
Alfred Arthur Hinchcliffe Denville (27 January 1876 – 23 March 1955) was an English actor, theatre impresario and Conservative Party politician.

Denville, an actor by trade, ran one of the UK's leading repertory companies. In 1924 Denville founded Denville Hall, a retirement home for actors in Northwood, London that is still in operation.

As a politician Denville was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newcastle upon Tyne Central seat from Sir Charles Trevelyan in the 1931 general election and held the seat until he was defeated in 1945. For a time he was associated with the far right of the Conservative Party, and during the 1930s was a leading member of the Friends of National Spain, which stressed support for Francisco Franco and anti-communism. He had also declared himself to be an admirer of Benito Mussolini although, in keeping with a number of contemporary Tories who admired the southern European fascists, he was critical of Adolf Hitler.

Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet
Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet MP (28 October 1870 – 24 January 1958) was a British Liberal Party, and later Labour Party, politician and landowner. He served as President of the Board of Education in 1924 and between 1929 and 1931 in the first two Labour administrations of Ramsay MacDonald, the first Labour Prime Minister.