hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Croydon Flyover
The Croydon Flyover is an overpass located in Croydon, London, England. It is part of the A232 road which connects Orpington with Ewell. The flyover connects Park Lane and the Croydon Underpass, on the A212 road with Duppas Hill Road. It crosses over the A236 Old Town and Southbridge Road, and the A212 Lower Coombe Street, as well as Croydon High Street near Croydon Clocktower.

The flyover was constructed as part of an unfinished ring road scheme conceived in the Croydon Plan of 1951 and was opened in 1969.

Landmarks passed on the flyover include the Fairfield Halls, a theatre and arts centre, Wandle Road multi-storey car park, and Centrale shopping centre is within sight.

The nearest tube station is Morden, six miles to the north-west, although there is a Tramlink connection from Croydon to the District line terminus at Wimbledon.

The flyover was used as a filming location in Danny Boyle's 2002 horror movie 28 Days Later, although the scene was not used.

Morden tube station
Morden is a London Underground station in Morden in the London Borough of Merton. It is the southern terminus of the Northern line, and is the most southerly station on the whole network. It is located on London Road (the A24), and is in London fare zone 4. Nearby are Morden Hall Park and Morden Park. The next station towards North London is South Wimbledon.

The station was one of the first modernist designs produced for the London Underground by Charles Holden. Its opening in 1926 contributed to the rapid development of new suburbs in what was previously a rural part of Surrey; the population of the parish increased ninefold in the decade 1921–1931.
UKSCblog
UKSCblog (The United Kingdom Supreme Court blog) is a law blog dedicated to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The blog is based on the SCOTUSblog in the US which provides commentary and information about the United States Supreme Court.

SCOTUSblog
SCOTUSblog is a law blog written by lawyers, legal scholars, and law students about the Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes abbreviated "SCOTUS"). Formerly sponsored by Bloomberg Law and now owned by The Dispatch, the site tracks cases before the Court from the certiorari stage through the merits stage.

The site live blogs as the Court announces opinions and grants cases, and sometimes has information on the Court's actions published before either the Court or any other news source does. SCOTUSblog frequently hosts symposiums with leading experts on the cases before the Court. The blog comprehensively covers all of the cases argued before the Court and maintains an archive of the briefing and other documents in each case.
White-crowned penduline tit
The white-crowned penduline tit (Remiz coronatus) is a species of bird in the family Remizidae. It is found in Afghanistan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan.

Its natural habitats are boreal forests and temperate forests.

Penduline tit
The penduline tits constitute the family Remizidae, of small passerine birds related to the true tits. All but the verdin make elaborate bag nests hanging from trees (whence "penduline", hanging), usually over water.
Baala Bandana
Baala Bandhana (pronunciationⓘ transl. Bonding of a life time) is a 1971 Indian Kannada language drama film, directed by Peketi Sivaram. The film stars Rajkumar and Jayanthi. The film was a remake of 1953 Bengali film Jog Biyog  which was based on the novel of same name by Ashapurna Devi.

Jog Biyog was earlier remade in Tamil as Padikkadha Medhai, in Telugu as Aatma Bandhuvu and in Hindi as Mehrban. Though the Kannada version was hit, it could not meet the success of the Tamil and Telugu remake versions of the same Bengali movie.

Ashapurna Devi
Ashapurna Devi (Bengali pronunciation: [aʃapurna debi]; 8 January 1909 – 12 July 1995), also Ashapoorna Devi or Ashapurna Debi, was a prominent Indian novelist and poet in Bengali. In 1976, she was awarded the Jnanpith Award and Padma Shri by the Government of India, D.Litt. by the Universities of Jabalpur, Rabindra Bharati, Burdwan and Jadavpur. Vishwa Bharati University honoured her with Deshikottam in 1989. For her contribution as a novelist and short story writer, the Sahitya Akademi conferred its highest honour, the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, in 1994.
John Headlam
Christianity portal

John Headlam (b Gateshead 1 April 1770; d Wycliffe, North Riding 4 May 1854) was Archdeacon of Richmond from 30 December 1826 until his death.

Headlam was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford, matriculating in 1786, and graduating B.A. in 1790, M.A. in 1792. For many years he was the Rector of Wycliffe, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. He was also Chancellor of Ripon from 1846.

Gateshead
Gateshead (/ˈɡeɪts(h)ɛd/) is a town in the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the River Tyne's southern bank. At the 2021 census, the population was 196,151.

Historically part of County Durham, under the Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough, meaning it was administered independently of the county council.

The town's attractions include the twenty-metre-tall Angel of the North sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. The town shares the Millennium Bridge, Tyne Bridge and multiple other bridges with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Robotics Institute
The Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute (RI) is an academic department within the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Robotics Institute is widely acknowledged as being among the world’s top robotics research institutions. It is noted for its work in computer vision. autonomous vehicles. space exploration. disaster relief. and assistive robotics.

The Robotics Institute has facilities on Carnegie Mellon’s campus in the Gates and Hillman Centers and Newell-Simon Hall, and in the Squirrel Hill, Lawrenceville, and Hazelwood neighborhoods of Pittsburgh.

Squirrel Hill
Squirrel Hill is a residential neighborhood in the East End of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The city officially divides it into two neighborhoods, Squirrel Hill North and Squirrel Hill South, but it is almost universally treated as a single neighborhood.
Callum Cooke
Callum James Cooke (born 21 February 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder.

Born in Peterlee, Cooke started his career with Middlesbrough, signing his first professional contract in June 2014. After loan spells with Crewe Alexandra and Blackpool, Cooke left Middlesbrough permanently in 2018 to sign with Peterborough United. Cooke spent a loan spell with Bradford City before moving there permanently in 2020. After two seasons with Bradford, he returned to the North East, signing for Hartlepool United in 2022. Cooke left Hartlepool in June 2024 but did not sign for another club until January 2025 when he moved to Morecambe on a short-term deal. He left Morecambe at the end of the 2024–25 season following the expiration of his contract.

He has also represented England at youth level, up until U18 level.

Peterlee
Peterlee is a town in County Durham, England, south of Sunderland, north of Hartlepool, west of the Durham Coast and east of Durham. It gained town status in 1948 under the New Towns Act 1946, which also created the nearby settlements of Newton Aycliffe and Washington, Tyne and Wear.
Ottava rima
Ottava rima is a rhyming stanza form of Italian origin. Originally used for long poems on heroic themes, it later came to be popular in the writing of mock-heroic works. Its earliest known use is in the writings of Giovanni Boccaccio.

The ottava rima stanza in English consists of eight iambic lines, usually iambic pentameters. Each stanza consists of three alternate rhymes and one double rhyme, following the  rhyme scheme. The form is similar to the older Sicilian octave, but evolved separately and is unrelated. The Sicilian octave is derived from the medieval strambotto and was a crucial step in the development of the sonnet, whereas the ottava rima is related to the canzone, a stanza form.

Mock-heroic
Mock-heroic, mock-epic or heroi-comic works are typically satires or parodies that mock the elevated style of common Classical stereotypes of heroes and heroic literature.  Typically, mock-heroic works either put a fool in the role of the hero or exaggerate the heroic qualities in relation to a trivial subject.
Early Indian treaty territories in North Dakota
Native Americans from various tribes lived in North Dakota before the arrival of settlers. With time, a number of treaties and agreements were signed between the Indians and the newcomers. Many of the treaties defined the domain of a specific group of Indians. The three maps below show the treaty territories of different Indians living in North Dakota and how the territories changed and diminished over time in the 19th century.

(The Dakota Territory became a reality on March 2, 1861. Most treaties and agreements antedate the final division of the territory into the Dakotas. For sake of convenience, "North Dakota" is used in the text instead of "present-day North Dakota". The narrow tracks of Indian territories in the southernmost part of North Dakota is not discussed here, since they were segments of considerable areas in South Dakota.)

Dakota Territory
The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North and South Dakota.
Trofeo Federale
The San Marino Federal Trophy (Italian: Trofeo Federale) was a Supercup of association football in San Marino.  The tournament began in 1986. The tournament had four teams: the finalists of the Premier League play-offs and Cup.

The final competition was held in 2011.  It was replaced with the Super Coppa Sammarinese.

Campionato Sammarinese
Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio (English translation: Sammarinese Football Championship) is the highest competition for football clubs located at the only level of the Sammarinese football league system (no relegation system exists) and has been operating since the 1985–1986 season. As of 2025, Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio is ranked last (55th) among European leagues according to UEFA's league coefficient, which was based on the performance of Sammarinese clubs in the Champions League, Europa League and the Conference League.
2023 U.S. Senior Women's Open
The 2023 U.S. Senior Women's Open took place August 24–27 at Waverley Country Club in Portland, Oregon, and was the fifth U.S. Senior Women's Open. It was a professional golf tournament organized by the United States Golf Association (USGA), open to women over 50 years of age and one of  two yearly senior women's major golf championships.

Prize fund was, as of each of the previous four championships held, $1,000,000 with $180,000 going to the winner. All professionals who missed the cut were paid $2,000 each.

U.S. Women's Amateur
The U.S. Women's Amateur, also known as the United States Women's Amateur Golf Championship, is the leading golf tournament in the United States for female amateur golfers. It is played annually and is one of the 13 United States national golf championships organized by the United States Golf Association (USGA). Female amateurs from all nations are eligible to compete and there are no age restrictions. It was established in 1895, one month after the men's U.S. Amateur and U.S. Open.  It is the third oldest USGA championship, over a half century older than the U.S. Women's Open, which was first played in 1946.  Along with the British Ladies Amateur, the U.S. Women's Amateur is considered the highest honor in women's amateur golf.
László Babály
László Babály (born 13 November 1977) is a Hungarian sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics. His father also represented Hungary in the 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay
The men's 4 × 100 metres relay races at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program were held on Friday 29 September and Saturday 30 September.

The top two teams in each of the initial five heats automatically qualified for the semi-final. The next six fastest team from across the heats also qualified. The top three teams in each of the semi-finals automatically qualified for the final. The next two fastest team from the semi-finals also qualified.

As of 2028, this is the last time the U.S. team won the men's 4 x 100 meters relay in track & field.
Jaded Era
Jaded Era is an American alternative rock/pop band from Cuyahoga Falls and Akron, Ohio that formed around 1996 and later had their music released through Cage'em Records. They released their debut album Laugh at the World in 2001, and the albums Invisible and Study of the Human Race followed in 2003 and 2005, respectively. They first received significant attention in 2006 when pop rock singer-songwriter Ashlee Simpson covered "Invisible", the title track from Invisible. On the band's MySpace page, they cite The Kinks, No Doubt, Pearl Jam, The Pretenders, Queen and U2 as their influences.

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
Cuyahoga Falls (/ˌkaɪəˈhoʊɡə/ KY-ə-HOH-gə or /ˌkaɪəˈhɒɡə/ KY-ə-HOG-ə) is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States. The population was 51,114 at the 2020 census. The second-largest city in Summit County, it is located directly north of Akron and is a suburb in the Akron metropolitan area. The city was founded in 1812 by William Wetmore and was originally named Manchester, but renamed for the Cuyahoga River and the series of waterfalls that run along the southern boundary of the city.
1994 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1a to Stage 11
The 1994 Giro d'Italia was the 77th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began in Bologna, with a flat stage on 22 May, and Stage 11 occurred on 1 June with a stage to Bibione. The race finished in Milan on 12 June.

Osimo
Osimo is a town and comune of the Marche region of Italy, in the province of Ancona. The municipality covers a hilly area located approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the port city of Ancona and the Adriatic Sea.
The Jackson Sisters
The Jackson Sisters (not to be confused with the Cincinnati Jackson Sisters, nor the siblings to American soul group the Jackson Five) were an American soul and disco family group in the 1970s, formed in 1971. The group hailed from Compton, California but were based in Detroit, Michigan.

Compton, California
Compton is a city located in the Gateway Cities region of southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county, and on May 11, 1888, was the eighth city in Los Angeles County to incorporate. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 95,740. It is known as the "Hub City" due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County, though it is actually near the southern end of the county. Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, downtown Compton, and Richland Farms.
Tiye (name)
Tiye, also spelled Tiy, Tiyi, Tiya was an ancient Egyptian name; according to Aldred, the pet name for Nefertari. Its notable bearers were:

Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep III, mother of Akhenaten and possible sister of Ay (18th dynasty)

Queen Tey, wife of Ay, wet nurse of Nefertiti, possibly mother of Mutbenret (18th dynasty)

Queen Tiye-Mereniset, wife of Setnakht, mother of Ramesses III (20th dynasty)

Queen Tiye, wife of Ramesses III, against whom she was involved in a harem conspiracy to put her son Pentawere on the throne. (20th dynasty)

"Tiy" is also an online moniker used by Finn Bruce, the founder of Chucklefish.

Pentawer
Pentawer (also Pentawere and Pentaweret) was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 20th Dynasty, a son of Pharaoh Ramesses III and his secondary wife, Tiye. He was involved in the so-called "harem conspiracy", a plot to kill his father and place him on the throne. The details of his trial are recorded in the Judicial Papyrus of Turin; he was compelled to commit  suicide following his trial. A candidate for his body is a mummy known as "Unknown Man E", discovered in the Deir el-Bahari cache in 1881. This mummy is unusual as it was found wrapped in a sheep or goat skin and was improperly mummified, being left with all his organs. Bob Brier has suggested that this mummy does indeed belong to the disgraced prince; DNA analysis has confirmed a father-son relationship with Pentawer's known father, Ramesses III, with both sharing the same Y chromosomal haplogroup and half of their DNA.
Cheng Qiuming
Cheng Qiuming (Chinese: 成秋明; born March 1960) is a Chinese mathematical geoscientist. He is a professor and founding director of the State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing). He received the William Christian Krumbein Medal from the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences in 2008 and won the AAG Gold Medal by the international Association of Applied Geochemists in 2020. He was the President of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (2012–2016). He is currently the President of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

International Union of Geological Sciences
The International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to global cooperation in the field of geology. As of 2023, it represents more than 1 million geoscientists around the world.
Bill Hollinger
William Harmon Hollinger (April 27, 1921 – April 9, 2011) was an American football, basketball, and track and field coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head basketball coach at Ripon College in Ripon, Wisconsin from 1950 to 1956. He returned to his alma mater, Hiram College in Hiram, Ohio, in 1956 and served as the head football coach (1956–1958) and head basketball coach (1956–1988). Hollinger was inducted into the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics Hall of Fame for his tenure as the athletic director at Hiram.

National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics
The National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) is a professional non-profit organization for college and university athletic directors in the United States. NACDA boasts a membership of more than 6,100 individuals and more than 1,600 institutions throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. Members include athletics directors, associate and assistant athletics directors, conference commissioners, and affiliate individuals or corporations.
Mushashin
Mushashin (Arabic: موشاشين)  is a Syrian village located in Jubb Ramlah Subdistrict in Masyaf District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mushashin had a population of 605 in the 2004 census. By 13 February 2025, it had a population of 740.

Masyaf District
Masyaf District (Arabic: مصياف Maṣyāf)  is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 169,341. Its administrative centre is the city of Masyaf.
Archena
Archena is a municipality in the Region of Murcia, Spain, located in its northeastern part. It has a population of 20,976 (2024) and covers an area of 16.5 km2 (6.4 sq mi). The municipality lies 24 km (15 mi) from the regional capital, Murcia.

Archena is known for its hot spring spa, which dates back to Roman times. The spa complex includes three hotels, and additional Roman ruins were discovered at the site during recent development works.

Segura (river)
Segura (Spanish and Valencian: [seˈɣuɾa] ⓘ; Latin: Thader; Arabic: شقورة, romanized: Shaqūrah, or وادي الأبيض Wādī l-Abyaḍ) is a medium-sized river in southeastern Spain. It has its source in the Sierra de Segura.
1982 Monterrey Cup
The 1982 Monterrey Cup, also known as the Copa Monterrey, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Monterrey, Mexico. The event was part of the Super Series of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from February 22 through February 28, 1982. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title and earned $60,000 first-prize money.

Grand Prix Super Series
The Grand Prix Super Series of men's tennis tournaments was part of the Grand Prix and World Championship Tennis tours between 1978 and 1989, sometimes also referred to as the Super Grand Prix. They were held annually throughout the year in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia. These tournaments were the most prestigious and highest level events of the Grand Prix Tour after the majors and year-end championships.

When the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) became the sole governing body of men's tennis in 1990, all of the surviving tournaments of the Grand Prix were absorbed into the new ATP Tour. The nine top events existing at that time are now known as ATP Tour Masters 1000 tournaments.
Hopfenberg (Waltershausen)
The Hopfenberg is a wooded hill near Winterstein in the borough of Waltershausen, in the county of Gotha in the German state of Thuringia.

With a height of 536.1 m above NN, the Hopfenberg forms the eastern boundary of the Emse valley within the municipality of Winterstein. The hill, which is cleared on its western and northern flanks, was used in the Middle Ages for the cultivation of hops, from which the hill derives its name. 
The rocky southern face of the Hopfenberg towers over the Sembach valley by about 125 metres. The Kilianstein rock formation in the east of the valley recalls  the conversion of local pagans by the missionary, St Kilian. The rock face on the Treppenstein is also impressive; here there used to be a quarry whose rock was used in the construction of forest tracks.

Forest track
Forest tracks or forest roads are roads or tracks intended to carry motorised vehicles or horse-drawn wagons being used mainly or exclusively for forestry purposes, such as conservation or logging. Forest tracks may be open to ramblers or mountain bikers depending on local rules.
Peggy Robertson
Margaret Robertson (née Singer; 13 September 1916  – 6 February 1998) was a British script supervisor and personal assistant to Alfred Hitchcock from the 1940s to the 1970s during which time she worked on his films Under Capricorn (1948) and Stage Fright (1950), before joining his team permanently on Vertigo (1958), working thereafter on all of the director's remaining films.

Stage Fright (1950 film)
Stage Fright is a 1950 British thriller film noir directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Jane Wyman, Marlene Dietrich, Michael Wilding and Richard Todd. The cast also features Alastair Sim, Sybil Thorndike, Kay Walsh, Hitchcock's daughter Pat Hitchcock in her film debut, and Joyce Grenfell in a vignette.

The story was adapted for the screen by Whitfield Cook and Alma Reville (the director's wife), with additional dialogue by James Bridie, based on the 1947 novel Man Running by Selwyn Jepson.