hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philodendron pterotum
Philodendron pterotum, the winged philodendron (a name it shares with other members of its genus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. It is native to southern Central America. A climber with an unusual leaf structure for philodendrons, it is typically found in wet tropical forests.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Nite on the Tiles
"Nite on the Tiles" is a song by English glam rock band Mud, released by Private Stock on 17 September 1976 as the only single from their fourth studio album, It's Better Than Working. The song was written by bassist Ray Stiles and guitarist Rob Davis, and was produced by Pip Williams.

Mud (band)
Mud are an English glam rock band, formed in February 1966. Their earlier success came in a pop and then glam rock style, while later hits were influenced by 1950s rock and roll and rockabilly, and they are best remembered for their hit singles "Dyna-mite", "Tiger Feet", which was the UK's best-selling single of 1974, and "Lonely This Christmas" which reached Christmas number 1 in December 1974. After signing to Rak Records and teaming up with songwriters/producers Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman, the band had fourteen UK Top 20 hits between 1973 and 1976, including three number ones.
Gardnersville
Gardnersville or Gardnesville is a township in the Greater Monrovia District, Liberia.

During the Liberian Civil War, the area was war torn and thousands of refugees hid in buildings in Gardnersville and Chocolate City.  On October 20, 1992, two American nuns from the Precious Blood order were ambushed by soldiers of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia and murdered and had their vehicle stolen. In 1993 the situation became so bad that the suburb became inaccessible.

In 2018 President George Weah appointed Rev. David Roberts as Commissioner for Gardnersville.

Greater Monrovia District
Greater Monrovia is one of four districts located in Montserrado County, Liberia. It contains the country's capital Monrovia. It recorded a population of 970,824 in the 2008 census.

Greater Monrovia has no official administrative status. Unlike other districts of Liberia which are divided into clans, Greater Monrovia is divided into zones. The Monrovia City Corporation (MCC) is responsible for the administration of the city of Monrovia. Greater Monrovia also contains several semi-autonomous townships (Congo Town, New  Georgia, Gardnersville, Dixville, Barnesville, Caldwell, Johnsonville and Garworlon) and the only borough in Liberia, New Kru Town. The MCC provides services to the townships and borough through a revenue-sharing arrangement, but has no zoning or enforcement jurisdiction in them.
Ribsden Holt
51°22′19″N 0°38′24″W﻿ / ﻿51.372°N 0.640°W﻿ / 51.372; -0.640
Ribsden Holt is a former royal residence at Windlesham, Surrey, England. It was the country home of Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll who bequeathed it to Lady Patricia Ramsay.

Windlesham
Windlesham is a geographically-large village in the Surrey Heath borough of Surrey, England, approximately 25 miles (40 km) south west of central London. Its name derives from the Windle Brook, which runs south of the village into Chobham, and the common suffix 'ham', the Old English word for 'homestead'. The village of Windlesham has a population of around 4,000, while the civil parish of Windlesham has a population of 17,000 and includes the much larger neighbouring villages of Bagshot and Lightwater.

Windlesham Arboretum, which covers an area of approximately 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi), is on the south side of the M3 motorway. Access to the motorway is via Junction 3. The nearest railway stations are Sunningdale and Bagshot, with Sunningdale offering the most frequent services for London Waterloo on the Waterloo–Reading line.
Camille Flammarion Observatory
The observatory was established in Juvisy-sur-Orge in 1883 by the French astronomer and author Camille Flammarion. In March 2010, the structure was classified as a historical monument by the French Ministry of Culture. The observatory belongs to the Société astronomique de France.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Attack on Veracruz
The attack on Veracruz was a 1683 raid against the port of Veracruz, in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (viceregal Mexico). It was led by the Dutch pirates Laurens de Graaf, Nicholas van Hoorn, and Michel de Grammont.

Nicholas van Hoorn
Nicholas van Hoorn (c. 1635 in Vlissingen – buried 24 June 1683, in Isla Mujeres) was a merchant sailor, privateer and pirate. He was born in the Dutch Republic and died near Veracruz after being wounded on the Isla de Sacrificios. Nikolaas or Klaas was engaged in the Dutch merchant service from about 1655 until 1659, and then bought a vessel with his savings. With a band of reckless men whom he had enlisted, he became a terror to the commerce of the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire. Later he had several ships in his employment and obtained such notoriety that some governments were willing to employ him against their enemies.
Joe Crilly
Joseph Crilly (1962–2017) was an Irish playwright. Hailing from Derrymacash in County Armagh, he lived for more than three decades in London, where he variously worked as an actor, journalist and social worker. He was arts editor of the Irish Post in the 1990s.

He is best known for his trilogy of plays on Ulster: Second-Hand Thunder (1998), its companion piece On McQuillan's Hill (2000) and Kitty & Damnation (2009). The three have been published together as The Crilly Trilogy. On McQuillan's Hill, which was originally staged at the Lyric Theatre, Belfast was revived at the Finborough Theatre in 2020, directed by Jonathan Harden. The production received critical acclaim, including five stars from the Morning Star and four stars from The Stage. The Finborough production was an English premiere, and marked the twentieth anniversary of the play's Belfast debut. Following strong reviews, the four week run sold out.

In May 2017, Crilly killed himself in a hotel room in Perpignan.

The Stage
The Stage is a British monthly magazine and website covering the entertainment industry and particularly theatre. Founded in 1880, The Stage contains news, reviews, opinion, features, and recruitment advertising, mainly directed at those who work in theatre and the performing arts.
Foyawoo Festival
Foyawoo (Foryaw Yam) Festival is an annual festival celebrated by the chiefs and people of Atebubu, Kwafie and Amanten Traditional Areas in the Bono East region, formerly Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. It is usually celebrated in the month of October. Others also claim it is celebrated in the month of September.

Atebubu
Atebubu is a town and the capital of Atebubu-Amantin District in the Bono East Region of Ghana.  According to the 2010 Population Census in Ghana, the town has a population of 105,938. As at 2023, the Municipal chief executive of the town is Edward Owusu. As at 2023, the Adontenhene of the Atebubu Traditional Council is Nana Owusu Gyimah. The name Atebubu is derived from the Twi words ate (wild yam) and buo (place).
Compound empowerment
Compound empowerment refers to the way in which public infrastructure is used to radically increase the accumulation of private wealth. The term denotes how commonwealth—tax-supported resources, such as public education, financial and legal infrastructure, are translated into private or corporate profit. While wealth might be generated in part by intangible or personal qualities such as intelligence or a strong work ethic, this wealth is compounded by empowering structures such as access to stable markets, consistent law enforcement, and the use of resources held in common, such as public roads. The greater the wealth of an individual or corporation, the more they use commonwealth to increase and sustain their earnings.

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Kangasniemi
Kangasniemi is a municipality in the South Savo region, Finland. The municipality has a population of 5,057 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 1,326.75 square kilometres (512.26 sq mi) of which 256.86 km2 (99.17 sq mi) is water. The population density is 4.73 inhabitants per square kilometre (12.3/sq mi).

Kangasniemi is located on the Finnish national road 13, 50 km (31 mi) northwest of Mikkeli and 63 km (39 mi) southeast of Jyväskylä. Distance to the national capital, Helsinki is 250 km (160 mi). Its neighbour municipalities are Hankasalmi, Hirvensalmi, Joutsa, Mikkeli, Pieksämäki and Toivakka.

There are almost 3600 (May 2014) summer houses, and summer guests redouble the number of inhabitants during the summer months.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Highways in Finland
Highways in Finland, or Main roads, comprise the highest categories of roads in Finland:

Main roads Class I – Finnish: valtatiet; Swedish: riksvägar  – numbered 1–39, between major cities

Main roads Class II – Finnish: kantatiet; Swedish: stamvägar – numbered 40–99, between regional centers
All Is Fair in Love and War (song)
"All Is Fair in Love and War" is a song written by Tim Nichols and Robert Byrne, and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap.  It was released in February 1992 as the fourth single from his album Back to the Grindstone.  The song reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in June 1992.

Robert Byrne (songwriter)
Robert Byrne (July 10, 1954 – June 27, 2005) was an American songwriter known primarily for his work in country music. He did most of his work at FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama.

Between the 1980s and 2000s, Byrne co-wrote songs for several artists, including the number one singles "How Do I Turn You On" by Ronnie Milsap; "I Can't Win for Losin' You", "Once in a Blue Moon", "That Was a Close One" and "What I'd Say" for Earl Thomas Conley; "I Didn't Know My Own Strength" by Lorrie Morgan; and "Two Dozen Roses" by Shenandoah. He and Rick Hall also produced for Shenandoah.

Other artists who recorded his songs include Mindy McCready, The Forester Sisters, Phil Vassar, Johnny Lee, Randy Parton and Mike Reid. Byrne was found dead at his Nashville, Tennessee house on June 27, 2005, having died of unknown causes.
Knut Haukelid
Knut Haukelid DSO MC (May 17, 1911 – March 8, 1994) was an American-born Norwegian military officer. He was a Norwegian resistance movement soldier during World War II, most notable for participating in the Norwegian heavy water sabotage.

Norwegian resistance movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: Motstandsbevegelsen) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms:

Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration

The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture

The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation

Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance
CD de Nacala
Clube Desportivo de Nacala, or simply Nacala, is a Mozambique multi sports club from Nacala especially known for its football.

Desportivo de Nacala was founded on 24 July 1964.

The team plays in Moçambola.

Nacala
Nacala (also known as Cidade de Nacala or Nacala-Porto) is a city on the northern coast of Mozambique. Located in the southwestern indentation of inner Fernao Veloso Bay, it is the deepest natural port on the east coast of Africa. Nacala serves as the terminal for the Nacala railway, a rail line to the landlocked Malawi. South of Nacala is Mozambique Island, at one time the capital of Mozambique and now a World Heritage Site.
Roy Hill mine
The Roy Hill mine is an iron ore mine in the Chichester Range in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, located 115 kilometres (71 mi) north of Newman and 277 kilometres (172 mi) south of Port Hedland. With indicated and inferred reserves of more than 2.4 billion tonnes, it is expected to become one of the largest mining projects in Australia. Mining operations are expected to produce up to 55 million tonnes of iron ore per annum with an operating life of more than 20 years.

Gina Rinehart's Hancock Prospecting is the majority stakeholder in the project with a 70% interest. The remaining 30% stake is held by a consortium comprising POSCO (12.5%), Marubeni (15%), and China Steel Corporation (2.5%). As part of the ownership agreement the various consortium partners have also secured their proportionate share of iron ore production from the Roy Hill Project, representing a combined 16.5 million tonnes per annum of iron ore at full production.

Marubeni
Marubeni Corporation (丸紅株式会社, Marubeni Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 8002, OSE: 8002, NSE: 8002) is a sōgō shōsha (general trading company) headquartered in Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the largest sogo shosha and has leading market shares in cereal and paper pulp trading as well as a strong electrical and industrial plant business. Marubeni is a member of the Fuyo keiretsu.
Instituto Nacional da Aviação Civil
The Instituto Nacional da Aviação Civil (English: National Institute of Civil Aviation), or INAVIC, is a public institution with its own juridical personality under supervision by the Ministry of Transportation of Angola. The task and purpose of INAVIC is the supervision of all aspects of air transport in Angola. INAVIC was created by Presidential Decree No. 4/05 of 19 January 2005.
The general director of INAVIC is Gaspar Santos.

Capacity (law)
Legal capacity is a quality denoting either the legal aptitude of a person to have rights and liabilities (in this sense also called transaction capacity), or the personhood itself in regard to an entity other than a natural person (in this sense also called legal personality).
NGC 7538
NGC 7538, near the more famous Bubble Nebula, is located in the constellation Cepheus. It is located about 9,100 light-years from Earth. It is home to the biggest yet discovered protostar which is about 300 times the size of the Solar System. It is located in the Perseus Arm of the Milky Way and is probably part of the Cassiopeia OB2 complex.  It is a region of active star formation including several luminous near-IR and far-IR sources. Stars in NGC 7538 are mainly low-mass pre-main-sequence stars.

Perseus Arm
The Perseus Arm is one of two major spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy. The second major arm is called the Scutum–Centaurus Arm. The Perseus Arm begins from the distal end of the long Milky Way central bar. Previously thought to be 13,000 light-years away from Earth, research published in 2005 has suggested that it is less than half that distance, estimated at 6,400 light years, from the Solar System.
Yester Love
"Yester Love" (Tamla 54167) was a 1968 song by American vocal group The Miracles (aka "Smokey Robinson" and The Miracles) on its Tamla subsidiary label. It was recorded on December 18, 1967 (released on May 13, 1968), and was included on the group's 1968 album Special Occasion. Composed by Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson, and Motown staff songwriter Al Cleveland and produced by Robinson, the song was a US Billboard top 40 pop hit, peaking at No. 31, and a top 10 R&B hit as well, peaking at No. 9. It also reached No. 24 on the US Cash Box Top 100.  In Canada, the song reached No. 28.

Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles
The Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles (also known as the Cash Box Top 100) was a record chart in the United States for songs, published weekly by Cash Box magazine, which began publication in 1942. As a close competitor to Billboard magazine, it was first issued for the September 13, 1958 issue when they expanded their top 75 chart to one hundred positions. The original version of the magazine lasted through November 16, 1996. While Billboard ranked singles weekly mixing the total airplay on radio stations and singles sales from all across North America, Cash Box presented their rankings via all sales and airplay of songs without splitting up genres in order to formulate the generalized popularity of a single's overall presence. Many singles hit number one in Cash Box that didn't on Billboard and vice versa.
Hurndall
Hurndall is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Brereton Hurndall (1883–1968), English polo player

Richard Hurndall (1910–1984), English actor

Tom Hurndall (1981–2004), English activist

Richard Hurndall
Richard Gibbon Hurndall (3 November 1910 – 13 April 1984) was an English actor. He is best remembered for replacing William Hartnell in the role of the First Doctor for Doctor Who's 20th anniversary special "The Five Doctors".
Blades Brown
Blades Brown (born May 21, 2007) is an American professional golfer from Nashville, Tennessee who at age 16 broke Bobby Jones' record as the youngest medalist at stroke play in U.S. Amateur history. Jones set the record at age 18 (1920), and it remained unbroken for 103 years. Brown's performance in the U.S. Amateur enabled him to compete in his first PGA Tour event where he performed with distinction, 10 under par. Despite numerous college golf offers, he elected to go directly from high school to enter professional golf in January 2025.

U.S. Amateur
The United States Amateur Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Amateur, is the leading annual golf tournament in the United States for amateur golfers. It is organized by the United States Golf Association and is currently held each August over a 7-day period.
Theodor Ackermann
Theodor Ackermann (17 September 1825 – 22 November 1896) was a German pathologist born in Wismar.

In 1852 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Rostock, obtaining his habilitation a few years later (1856) with a treatise on the physiological effects of emetics. In 1859 he became an associate professor, afterward turning down a professorship in internal medicine at Dorpat, and instead, he accepted a position as a professor at the Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Experimental Pathology at Rostock in 1865.

In 1873 he was appointed the Director of the Institute of Pathology at the University of Halle, where, in 1884-1885 he served as rector. In 1895 he was forced to resign for health reasons, his replacement being Karl Joseph Eberth (1835-1926).

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Black African Students Federation in France
The Black African Students Federation in France (French: Fédération des étudiants d'Afrique noire en France, abbreviated FEANF) was an organization of African students in France. FEANF was influenced by the French Communist Party, and saw the struggle against French colonialism in Africa as part of a wider struggle against Western imperialism. FEANF played an important role for the formation of communist organizations in Francophone Africa. In addition, FEANF largely contributed to creating a
centralized voice that united all African student groups in France, while their
actions highlighted the greater disparities within the French colonial system.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
1997–98 Coca-Cola Triangular Series
The 1997–98 Coca-Cola Triangular Series was a One Day International cricket tournament held in India in May 1998. It was a tri-nation series between Bangladesh, India and Kenya. India defeated Kenya in the final to win the tournament.

Gagan Khoda
Gagan Khoda pronunciationⓘ (born 24 October 1974) is an Indian former cricketer. He played two One Day Internationals in 1998. Despite scoring 89 runs in one of those two innings, he never made it to the Indian team after those two matches.He is from Meena community.

He has been given due recognition now after his appointment as a National Selector by the BCCI on 9 November 2015, representing the Central Zone in the Selection Committee. Now has two children called aaryaman Khoda and aaryaveer Khoda.