hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bradford, New York
Bradford is a town in Steuben County, New York, United States.  The population was 811 at the 2020 census.  The town is named after Major Robert Bradford, and is located in the northeastern section of the county, north of Corning.

Schuyler County, New York
Schuyler County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,898, making it the second-least populous county in New York. The county seat is the village of Watkins Glen. The name is in honor of General Philip Schuyler, one of the four major generals in the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
2015–16 West of Scotland Super League Premier Division
The 2015–16 West of Scotland Super League Premier Division was the fourteenth Super League Premier Division competition since the formation of the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region in 2002. The winners of this competition are eligible to enter round one of the 2016–17 Scottish Cup. The two last placed sides are relegated to the Super League First Division. The third-bottom placed side will enter the West Region league play-off, a two-legged tie against the third placed side in the Super League First Division, to decide the final promotion/relegation spot.

Auchinleck Talbot won the championship on 25 May 2016, claiming a record fifth West of Scotland Super Premier League title.

2016–17 Scottish Cup
The 2016–17 Scottish Cup was the 132nd season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in what was the sixth season of a nine-year partnership, after contract negotiations saw the initial five-year contract extended for an additional four years in October 2015.

The defending champions were Hibernian, who defeated Rangers in the 2016 final, but they were eliminated in the semi-finals by Aberdeen.

Celtic beat Aberdeen 2–1 in the final to complete a domestic treble without losing a game in any domestic competition.
Lion Rock (California)
Lion Rock is a 12,360-foot-elevation (3,770-meter) mountain summit located along the Great Western Divide of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Tulare County of northern California. It is situated in Sequoia National Park, one mile northeast of Mount Stewart, and one mile southwest of Triple Divide Peak. Topographic relief is significant as the west aspect rises 3,145 feet (959 meters) above Tamarack Lake in 1.5 mile, and the north aspect rises 1,355 feet (413 meters) above Lion Lake in 0.38 mile. Lion Rock ranks as the 311th highest summit in California.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Elegestolepis
Elegestolepis is a primitive shark from the Mongolepidida that lived during the Silurian and Devonian periods in Russia with only one species, E. grossi, known to date. It was closely related to Mongolepis and Polymerolepis. It is only known from fragmentary placoid scales discovered in Russia before 1973. The oldest of these scales have been dated back to the Ludlow epoch (427.4 Ma to 423 Ma), making Elegestolepis the oldest known shark. Elegestolepis dates back to about 420 millions years ago, but some scales that may yet represent another shark ancestor are known from 450 million years ago.

Mongolepidida
Mongolepidida is an order of primitive chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes) that lived during the Ordovician and Silurian periods of Asia and North America. They are only known from scales, so their appearance is largely unknown. The oldest of these scales, belonging to Solinalepis levis, have been dated back to the Sandbian age of the Ordovician, making mongolepidids some of the oldest chondrichthyans known to date.
Rancho San Ramon (Pacheco-Castro)
Rancho San Ramon (St. Raymond Ranch in Spanish) was a 8,917-acre (36.09 km2) Mexican land grant in the northern San Ramon Valley of present-day Contra Costa County, California.  Rancho San Ramon (Amador) was adjacent in the southern San Ramon Valley.

It was given in 1833 by Governor Jose Figueroa to Mariano Castro and Bartolome Pacheco.  Governor Figueroa granted Castro and Pacheco two square leagues of San Ramon Valley from the crest of the western ridge to the crest of the east. Castro had the northern square league, and Pacheco the southern.

The grant included present-day Alamo, Danville and northern San Ramon.

José Figueroa
José María Figueroa (1792 – 29 September 1835) was a Californio politician and military leader. He was a General and the Mexican Governor of Alta California from 1833 to 1835. His Manifesto (1835) was the first book published in California.
Özlem Denizmen
Ozlem Denizmen is the Head of Strategy at Dogus Holding, one of Turkey's major conglomerates and a board member at Dogus Automotive, an Istanbul Stock Exchange-30 company. Denizmen started her career at Merrill Lynch Investment Bank as a financial analyst in 1994. She holds a B.S. degree from Cornell University in Industrial Management and an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management. Denizmen attended leadership programs at Stanford University, GE Crotonville and Harvard Business School.

Denizmen is married and has two children.

Financial analyst
A financial analyst is a professional undertaking financial analysis for external or internal clients as a core feature of the job. The role may specifically be titled securities analyst, research analyst, equity analyst, investment analyst, or ratings analyst. The job title is a broad one:
In banking, and industry more generally, various other analyst-roles cover financial management and (credit) risk management, as opposed to focusing on investments and valuation.
Zijm
Zijm is a Dutch patronymic surname mostly limited to the island of Texel, where Zijm (Sijm) was a short form of Simon. It can refer to:

Henk Zijm (born 1952), Dutch mathematician

Sieme Zijm (born 1978), Dutch footballer

Sieme Zijm
Sieme Zijm (born 25 January 1978) is a former Dutch footballer who last played for FC Emmen. His former clubs are Go Ahead Eagles, FC Zwolle, Sparta Rotterdam, Excelsior Rotterdam and FC Dordrecht.

As a manager, he was in charge at amateur clubs Westlandia, SV Den Hoorn, VFC Vlaardingen and Barendrecht.
Gastrotheca coeruleomaculatus
Gastrotheca coeruleomaculatus is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Bolivia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Hemiphractidae
The Hemiphractidae are a family of frogs from South and Central America.  Previously, this group had been classified as a subfamily (Hemiphractinae) under family Hylidae.  More recent research classifies these genera into their own family, or sometimes into three separate families: Amphignathodontidae (Flectonotus and Gastrotheca), Cryptobatrachidae (Cryptobatrachus and Stefania), and Hemiphractidae (Hemiphractus and Fritziana).  An active question still exists as to which of these groupings is more accurate.
County Road 881 (Florida)
County Road 881 (CR 881) is a major thoroughfare in Southwest Florida. It is one of three major routes connecting Collier and Lee counties along with US Highway 41 (US 41, Tamiami Trail) and Interstate 75 (I-75). Locally, it is known as Livingston Road in Collier County and Imperial Parkway and Three Oaks Parkway in Lee County. The route is fully signed in Collier County, but is only signed sparingly in Lee County (though it is indicated on county maps).

CR 881 is maintained by the respective counties except for the segment between Bonita Beach Road (CR 865) and East Terry Street, which is maintained by the city of Bonita Springs.

Collier County, Florida
Collier County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, its population was 375,752; an increase of 16.9% since the 2010 United States Census. Its county seat is East Naples, where the county offices were moved from Everglades City in 1962. Collier County comprises the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which, along with the Cape Coral-Fort Myers (Lee County) MSA and the Clewiston (Hendry County, Glades County) Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), is included in the Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples Combined Statistical Area (CSA).
Morgan Chu
Morgan Chu (Chinese: 朱欽文; pinyin: Zhū Qìngwén; born December 27, 1950) is an American intellectual property attorney. In June 2009, Harvard alumni elected Chu to a six-year term as a member of the Harvard Board of Overseers.

Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences
The Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (formerly the City of Hope Graduate School of Biological Sciences) is a graduate school for biology in the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California.
Lake Tambukan
Tambukan Lake (Russian: Тамбукан) is a lake with bitter-salt water on Northern Caucasus in Stavropol Krai (about 33% surface) and the Kabardino-Balkar Republic (about 66% surface) of Russia, located eight kilometers from Pyatigorsk.  The lake's surface area is 1.87 square kilometers, and its depth ranges between 1.5 and 3.1 meters.

The lake bed is a thick layer of silt, which has been used since 1886 in institutions for mud cures in Yessentuki and other therapeutic mud baths in the region of Caucasian Mineral Waters.  These mud baths have been used by famous individuals such as Feodor Chaliapin, Anton Chekhov, and Leo Tolstoy.

Pyatigorsk
Pyatigorsk (Russian: Пятиго́рск; Circassian: Псыхуабэ, Psıxwabæ) is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the Podkumok River, about 20 kilometers (12 mi) from the town of Mineralnye Vody, which has an international airport, and about 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Kislovodsk. Since January 19, 2010, it has been the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. Population:  142,511 (2010 Census); 140,559 (2002 Census); 129,499 (1989 Soviet census).
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.

Order of precedence in India
The order of precedence of the Republic of India is a list in which the functionaries, dignitaries and officials are listed for ceremonial purposes and has no legal standing and does not reflect the Indian presidential line of succession or the co-equal status of the separation of powers under the Constitution of India. The order is established by the President of India, through the President's Secretariat and is maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The order in the Table of Precedence is meant for State and Ceremonial occasions and has no application in the day-to-day business of Government.
Culiseta melanura
Culiseta melanura, the black-tailed mosquito, is a species of mosquito in the family Culicidae. It is found mainly in the eastern and central United States.

Adult female C. melanura primarily take their blood meals from birds and are responsible for transmitting the eastern equine encephalitis virus between birds. Mammals can also become infected with the virus when other genera of mosquito, such as Aedes, Coquillettidia, and Culex, take blood meals first from infected birds and then from mammals, causing transfer of the virus.

Coquillettidia
Coquillettidia is a mosquito genus erected by entomologist Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904 based primarily on unique features of its "peculiar" male genitalia.  The specific epithet honors Dyar's colleague Daniel William Coquillett.

The genus comprises three subgenera, Austromansonia, Coquillettidia, and Rhynochotaenia, and 57 species, of which Coquillettidia perturbans is perhaps the best known.
Sapozhok
Sapozhok (Russian: Сапожок) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Sapozhok, Ryazan Oblast, a work settlement in Sapozhkovsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Rural localities

Sapozhok, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Rtishchevsky District of Saratov Oblast

Sapozhok, Volgograd Oblast, a khutor in Mirny Selsoviet of Novonikolayevsky District of Volgograd Oblast

Sapozhok, Voronezh Oblast, a khutor in Chistopolyanskoye Rural Settlement of Ramonsky District of Voronezh Oblast

Sapozhkovsky District
Sapozhkovsky District (Russian: Сапожко́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 960 square kilometers (370 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Sapozhok. Population: 10,901 (2010 Census);  12,542 (2002 Census); 16,065 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sapozhok accounts for 35.6% of the district's total population.
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited (GACL) is an Indian chemical substance manufacturing company, promoted by the Government of Gujarat. Its manufacturing facilities are located at Dahej and Vadodara in Gujarat. The company manufactures chemicals such as caustic soda, sodium cyanide, chloromethanes, sodium ferrocyanide, caustic potash, potassium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid (85%) and hydrogen peroxide.

Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.

Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utilize its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. About 2.5 million tonnes were produced in 2023. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.  It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive.
Makanpur
Makanpur (formerly known as Khairabad) is a town in Kanpur Nagar district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Makanpur is a town in the tehsil of Bilhaur. Makanpur is well connected by rail and road. The nearest city to Makanpur is Araul, which is 4 km away.

It is also known for the dargah (shrine) of the Sufi saint of the Madariya Sufi order, Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar. During his annual Urs celebrations, followers of the order congregate at the shrine.

Kanpur Nagar district
Kanpur Nagar district, meaning Urban Kanpur District is one of the districts of the Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is a part of Kanpur division and its district headquarters is Kanpur. Kanpur was formerly spelled Cawnpore.
Kiper
Kiper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hakan Kiper, Turkish swimmer

Herbert Kiper, German actor

Jessica Kiper, American actress

Mel Kiper Jr., American football analyst

Oleh Kiper, Ukrainian politician

Randall Kiper, American rapper whose stage name is Kyper

Kyper
Randall S. Kiper, more known as Kyper, is an American rapper, D.J. and actor based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. His success occurred in the early 1990s with a string of club hits including "Conceited", "What Gets Your Body Hyped (XTC)", "Tic-Tac-Toe", "Throw Down", and "Spin the Bottle". His biggest hit to date is "Tic-Tac-Toe," which charted on the Billboard Top 40 in the summer of 1990, selling over one million copies and peaking at No. 14. It was ranked No. 100 on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1990.  The track sampled instrumental passages from "Owner of a Lonely Heart" by Yes.  It also sampled "Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa and Soul Sonic Force among others.
Anna Evans Murray
Anna Evans Murray (1857–1955) was an American civic leader, educator, and early advocate of free kindergarten and the training of kindergarten teachers. In 1898 she successfully lobbied Congress for the first federal funds for kindergarten classes, and introduced kindergarten to the Washington, D.C. public school system.

Civic engagement
Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern. Civic engagement includes communities working together or individuals working alone in both political and non-political actions to protect public values or make a change in a community. The goal of civic engagement is to address public concerns and improve the quality of community life.

Civic engagement is "a process in which people take collective action to address issues of public concern" and is "instrumental to democracy". Underrepresentation in government can lead to the concerns of minority, low-income, and younger populations being overlooked. In turn, issues for higher voting groups are addressed more frequently, causing more bills to be passed to fix these problems.
Edwin Stephen Goodrich
Edwin Stephen Goodrich FRS (Weston-super-Mare, 21 June 1868 – Oxford, 6 January 1946), was an English zoologist, specialising in comparative anatomy, embryology, palaeontology, and evolution. He held the Linacre Chair of Zoology in the University of Oxford from 1921 to 1946. He served as editor of the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science from 1920 until his death.

Comparative anatomy
Comparative anatomy is a study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species).

The science began in the classical era, continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons of birds and humans.

Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals.
Leiopus nebulosus
Leiopus nebulosus is a species of longhorn beetle of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It contains two subspecies; the first, L. nebulosus nebulosus, is known from Europe and Russia, and the second, L. nebulosus caucasicus, is endemic to the mountains of the Caucasus (from which its species epithet is derived). The beetles inhabit deciduous trees, including those in the genera Fagus, Quercus, Carpinus, Juglans, Acer, Ulmus, Betula, Salix, and Prunus. They measure 5–10 millimetres in length, and can live for approximately 1–2 years.

10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.
Vaalharts Valley
The Vaalharts Valley is located in the north-east corner of the Northern Cape province of South Africa, bordering the North West province. It gets its name because it is located between two rivers, the Vaal and the Harts. Because of its advantageous position between the two rivers, an irrigation scheme was built in the Vaalharts Valley in the 1930s.

Several towns are located in the valley, including Christiana, Jan Kempdorp, Warrenton, Hartswater, Taung, Windsorton, Barkly West, and Delportshoop.

Hartswater
Hartswater is an agricultural town on the N18 national route some 23 km south of Taung and 36 km north of Warrenton. The centre of the Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, it became a municipality in April 1960. It takes its name from the Harts River which passes to the west of the town.
The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia
The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia, originally titled The Prince of Abissinia: A Tale, though often abbreviated to Rasselas, is an apologue about bliss and ignorance by Samuel Johnson. The book's original working title was "The Choice of Life". The book was first published in April 1759 in England. Early readers considered Rasselas to be a work of philosophical and practical importance and critics often remark on the difficulty of classifying it as a novel.

Apologue
An apologue or apolog (from the Greek ἀπόλογος, a "statement" or "account") is a brief fable or allegorical story with pointed or exaggerated details, meant to serve as a pleasant vehicle for a moral doctrine or to convey a useful lesson without stating it explicitly. Unlike a fable, the moral is more important than the narrative details. As with the parable, the apologue is a tool of rhetorical argument used to convince or persuade.
Nazarbaug Palace
Nazarbaug Palace or Nazar Bāgh Palace was the Gaekwad's royal palace in the city of Vadodara, Gujarat state, western India. Located in the heart of the city, the palace was built by Malhar Rao Gaekwad in 1871.  Considered to be the oldest palace  in Baroda, in its later years it was used as a treasury and was still the first choice of the royal family for conducting large-scale ceremonies, including the coronation of Sir Sayajirao Gaekwad III.

The Palace had a classic look, so in Gujarati it was told about its look as 'Nazar Na Laage' (may it be protected from the evil eye) from which it was named Nazar. The Palace also had beautiful garden from which its name included "baug". So it was named as Nazarbaug Palace.

Vadodara
Vadodara (Gujarati: [ˌʋəˈɖo.d̪ɾɐ̯] ⓘ), also known as Baroda, is a city on the banks of the Vishwamitri River in the Indian state of Gujarat. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Vadodara district. The city is named for its abundance of banyan (vad) trees. Vadodara is also locally referred to as the Sanskrutik Nagari (transl. 'Cultural City') and Kala Nagari (transl. 'City of Art') of India.

The city is prominent for landmarks such as the Laxmi Vilas Palace, which served as the residence of the Maratha royal Gaekwad dynasty that ruled over Baroda State. It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Miami Christian School
Miami Christian School is a private Christian school in Fontainebleau, Florida, United States. The school has a Miami address. It was established in 1954. The school is accredited by the Association of Christian Schools International and the National Council for Private School Accreditation.

National Council for Private School Accreditation
The National Council for Private School Accreditation (NCPSA) is a private organization dedicated to accrediting American private schools on a national level. It was created in 1993 to form at-large standards after the U.S. Department of Education in 1985 deemed the Department did not have legal authority to recognize any elementary and secondary accrediting agency. As a nonprofit, it was granted tax-exempt status by the IRS in 1996.

As of 2019, it accredits 4,407 schools with a total enrollment of 2,049,328 students. Including pre-accredited and non-accredited schools, it represents a total 6,663 member schools and 2,288,848 students. As of 2024, 35 accrediting agencies are recognized by the NCPSA, including:

American Montessori Society

Association of Christian Schools International

Christian Schools International

Florida Association of Christian Colleges and Schools

National Independent Private Schools Association

Southern Association of Independent Schools