hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foreign relations of Kosovo
Foreign relations of Kosovo are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. Kosovo operates 33 embassies abroad and is host to 22 embassies in Pristina. Kosovo has membership in several international organisations.

On 17 February 2008, members of the Assembly of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia. This move was controversial among the international community. International supervision over the direction of the assembly ended in September 2012, and Kosovo became responsible for its own governance. The Republic of Kosovo has been recognised by 110 UN member states, the Republic of China (Taiwan), the Cook Islands, and Niue.

The current Foreign Minister of Kosovo is Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz.

Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo
The Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Kuvendi i Republikës së Kosovës; Serbian: Скупштина Републике Косово, Skupština Republike Kosovo), also known as the Kuvendi, is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Kosovo. It is directly elected by the people every four years. It was originally established by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 2001 to provide 'provisional, democratic self-government'. On 17 February 2008, representatives of the people of Kosovo unilaterally declared Kosovo's independence and subsequently adopted the Constitution of Kosovo, which came into effect on 15 June 2008.
Ivan Schranz
Ivan Schranz (born 13 September 1993) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a forward or winger for Czech First League club Slavia Prague and the Slovakia national team.

Schranz finished as the joint-top scorer of the UEFA European Championship in 2024 with three goals, as his nation reached the last 16.

Czech Cup
The Czech Cup (Czech: Pohár FAČR), officially known as the MOL Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the major men's football cup competition in the Czech Republic. It is organised by the Czech Football Association.

The Czech Cup was first held in 1961. The winner would then face the winner of the Slovak Cup in the Czechoslovak Cup final. This competition was discontinued in 1993, after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia into two independent states (Czech Republic and Slovakia).

The winner gains entry to the following season's UEFA Europa League.
Iceni Way
52°23′17″N 0°52′01″E﻿ / ﻿52.388°N 0.867°E﻿ / 52.388; 0.867
The Iceni Way is a collective name for several long-distance footpaths running from Knettishall Heath to Hunstanton via the Little Ouse and Great Ouse valleys in the English county of Norfolk. There are links with the Fen Rivers Way, Hereward Way, Icknield Way Path, Little Ouse Path and Nar Valley Way. The name comes from the Iceni tribe that once lived in the area.

Hunstanton
Hunstanton (sometimes pronounced /ˈhʌnstən/ ⓘ) is a seaside town and civil parish in Norfolk, England, which had a population of 4,370 at the 2021 census. It faces west across The Wash. Hunstanton lies 102 miles  (164 km) north-north-east of London and 40 miles (64 km) north-west of Norwich.
1953–54 in Belgian football
The 1953–54 season was the 51st season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 5th Division I title. The Belgium national football team qualified for the 1954 FIFA World Cup and was drawn unseeded in Group 4 with the unseeded organizing country Switzerland against which they did not play, and seeded teams England and Italy. The Belgian Cup resumed in 1953–54 with Standard Liège winning in the final against RC Mechelen KM.

Belgian Cup
The Belgian Cup (French: Coupe de Belgique; Dutch: Beker van België; German: Belgischer Fußballpokal) is the main knockout football competition in Belgium, run by the Royal Belgian FA. The competition started in 1908 with provincial selections as the "Belgian Provinces Cup". Starting from 1912 only actual clubs were allowed to partake. As of 1964, the Belgian Cup has been organised annually. Since the 2015–16 edition, the Belgian Cup is called the Croky Cup, for sponsorship purposes. The final traditionally takes place at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.

The most successful cup club is Club Brugge with 12 Belgian Cups in their possession. The current champions are Club Brugge, having beaten rivals Anderlecht 2–1 in the 2025 final. The winners are awarded a challenge cup and qualify for the UEFA Europa League and the Belgian Supercup.
Conformal geometry
In mathematics, conformal geometry is the study of the set of angle-preserving (conformal) transformations on a space.

In a real two dimensional space, conformal geometry is precisely the geometry of Riemann surfaces. In space higher than two dimensions, conformal geometry may refer either to the study of conformal transformations of what are called "flat spaces" (such as Euclidean spaces or spheres), or to the study of conformal manifolds that are Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with a class of metrics that are defined up to scale. Study of the flat structures is sometimes termed Möbius geometry, and is a type of Klein geometry.

Celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth. All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, which may be centered on Earth or the observer. If centered on the observer, half of the sphere would resemble a hemispherical screen over the observing location.

The celestial sphere is a conceptual tool used in spherical astronomy to specify the position of an object in the sky without consideration of its linear distance from the observer. The celestial equator divides the celestial sphere into northern and southern hemispheres.
Debtor and Creditor (play)
Debtor and Creditor is an 1814 comedy play by the British writer James Kenney. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London's West End on 20 April 1814. The original cast included Daniel Terry as Churlton, William Abbot as Etherington, William Blanchard as Average, John Liston as Gosling, John Emery as  Sampson Miller, William Chapman as Hammond and Jane Powell as Mrs. Wallis. It marked the final performance on the London stage of Dorothea Jordan who played Barbara.

John Emery (English actor)
John Emery (1777–1822), was an English actor.

Emery was born at Sunderland, 22 September 1777, and obtained a rudimentary education at Ecclesfield in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His father, Mackle Emery (died 18 May 1825), was a country actor, and his mother, as Mrs. Emery, sen., appeared 6 July 1802 at the Haymarket Theatre as Dame Ashfield in Morton's Speed the Plough, and subsequently played at Covent Garden Theatre.
Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.

State legislature (United States)
In the United States,  the state legislature is the legislative branch in each of the 50 U.S. states.

A legislature generally performs state duties for a state in the same way that the United States Congress performs national duties at the national level. Generally, the same system of checks and balances that exists at the federal level also exists between the state legislature,  the state executive officer (governor) and the state judiciary.

In 27 states, the legislature is called the legislature or the state legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the general assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the general court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the legislative assembly.
Chintalapadu, Chandarlapadu mandal
Chintalapadu is a village in NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Chandarlapadu mandal of Vijayawada revenue division.
 It forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Vijayawada revenue division
Vijayawada revenue division (or Vijayawada division) is an administrative division in the NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district with 8 mandals under its administration. Vijayawada serves as the headquarters of the division. The division has 1 municipality and 1 municipal corporation.
Achada Leite
Achada Leite is a settlement on the west coast of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality of Santa Catarina. It lies 2.5 km south of Ribeira da Barca and 11 km west of the municipal seat Assomada. In 2010 its population was 142.

Santiago, Cape Verde
Santiago (Portuguese for “Saint James”) is the largest island of Cape Verde, its most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation's population. Part of the Sotavento Islands, it lies between the islands of Maio (26 km (16 mi) to the east) and Fogo (55 kilometres (34 miles) to the west). It was the first of the islands to be settled: the town of Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha and a UNESCO World Heritage Site) was founded in 1462. Santiago is home to the nation's capital city of Praia.
Instruction cycle
The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch–execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.

PC – Program counter

MAR – Memory address register

MDR – Memory data register

CIR – Current instruction register

CU – Control unit

ALU – Arithmetic logic unit

In simpler CPUs, the instruction cycle is executed sequentially, each instruction being processed before the next one is started. In most modern CPUs, the instruction cycles are instead executed concurrently, and often in parallel, through an instruction pipeline: the next instruction starts being processed before the previous instruction has finished, which is possible because the cycle is broken up into separate steps.

Concurrent computing
Concurrent computing is a form of computing in which several computations are executed concurrently—during overlapping time periods—instead of sequentially—with one completing before the next starts.

This is a property of a system—whether a program, computer, or a network—where there is a separate execution point or "thread of control" for each process. A concurrent system is one where a computation can advance without waiting for all other computations to complete.

Concurrent computing is a form of modular programming. In its paradigm an overall computation is factored into subcomputations that may be executed concurrently. Pioneers in the field of concurrent computing include Edsger Dijkstra, Per Brinch Hansen, and C.A.R. Hoare.
Grimstad (surname)
Grimstad is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Birgitte Grimstad (born 1935), Danish-born Norwegian musician

Carl M. Grimstad (1856–1940), American politician

Carl-Erik Grimstad (born 1952), Norwegian politician

Edvard Grimstad (1933–2014), Norwegian politician

Gudmund Grimstad (1898–1970), Norwegian wrestler

Lars Joachim Grimstad (born 1972), Norwegian football midfielder

May-Helen Molvær Grimstad (born 1968), Norwegian politician

Oskar Jarle Grimstad (born 1954), Norwegian politician

Per Ø. Grimstad (born 1934), Norwegian businessperson, diplomat and politician

Renate Grimstad (born 1997), Norwegian golfer

Renate Grimstad
Renate Hjelle Grimstad (born 24 January 1997) is a Norwegian professional golfer and Ladies European Tour player. She won the 2020 Dinah Shore Trophy Award as a top female collegiate golfer and the 2024 Norwegian National Golf Championship.
Shockoe Creek
Shockoe Creek is a watercourse in Virginia, United States, tributary to the James River. The Shockoe Creek watershed drained "portions of Richmond's North Side, near West End, downtown and northeast Henrico County." Historic tributaries of Shockoe Creek included Bacon's Quarter Branch and Gum Tree Creek.

Shockoe Creek marked the western border of Richmond when it was incorporated as a municipality in 1742. The Shockoe Bottom neighborhood was the slave-trading district of Richmond, Virginia prior to the American Civil War. There were two water-powered mills along the creek in the 19th century. The creek has been channelized for flood control and pollution management since the 1920s.

Shockoe Bottom
Shockoe Bottom, historically known as Shockoe Valley, is an area in Richmond, Virginia, just east of downtown, along the James River. Located between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, Shockoe Bottom contains much of the land included in Colonel William Mayo's 1737 plan of Richmond, making it one of the city's oldest neighborhoods.
Ten Good Reasons
Ten Good Reasons is the debut studio album by Australian pop star and actor Jason Donovan. It was released on 1 May 1989 by PWL (UK) and Mushroom Records (Australia). It became the biggest selling album in the UK that year, and yielded three number-one singles, "Too Many Broken Hearts", "Sealed with a Kiss" and a duet with Kylie Minogue, "Especially for You". The album was reissued in 2010 as an expanded deluxe edition featuring B-sides and remixes. In 2016, the first CD of the 2010 reissue was reissued again as part of promotion for Donovan's Ten Good Reasons live shows. The album's title comes from a line in "Too Many Broken Hearts".

Pete Waterman Entertainment
Pete Waterman Entertainment (PWE) is the production company one-time pop and dance record label owned by British pop mogul Pete Waterman. The label, originally PWL (Pete Waterman Limited), is most famous for being the home of hit record producers Stock Aitken Waterman.
Theo Lalleman
Theo Lalleman (25 July 1946 – 26 December 2013) was a Dutch writer, publisher, video-artist, and cultural entrepreneur, known from his many cultural initiatives.

Lalleman was born in Pijnacker, and attended the Christelijk Lyceum in Delft, where he graduated in the class of 1963. In 1986 he co-founded the cultural magazine in Rotterdam called the De Nieuwe Weelde, in which he started publishing a translation of Finnegans Wake, written under the pseudonym Leon E. Thalma.

In 2000 he co-founded the OWAZE Foundation, which develops projects in the field of autarkic building. One of its projects was the initiative and realization of an Earthship by Mike Reynolds in the Dutch city of Zwolle in 2009.

Lalleman died in Rotterdam, aged 67.

Michael E. Reynolds
Michael E. Reynolds (born 1945) is an American architect based in New Mexico, known for the design and construction of "earthship" passive solar houses. He is a proponent of "radically sustainable living". He has been a critic of the profession of architecture for its adherence to conventional theory and practice, and he advocates the reuse of unconventional building materials from waste streams, such as automobile tires, and is known for designs that test the limits of building codes.
Physalacriaceae
The Physalacriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, ranging from the Arctic, (Rhizomarasmius), to the tropics, e.g. Gloiocephala, and from marine sites (Mycaureola) and fresh waters (Gloiocephala) to semiarid forests (Xerula).

Agaricales
The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are closely related and some belong in other orders, such as the Russulales and Boletales. Conversely, DNA research has also shown that many non-agarics, including some of the clavarioid fungi (clubs and corals) and gasteroid fungi (puffballs and false truffles) belong within the Agaricales. The order has 46 extant families, more than 400 genera, and over 25,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. Species in the Agaricales range from the familiar Agaricus bisporus (cultivated mushroom) and the deadly Amanita virosa (destroying angel) to the coral-like Clavaria zollingeri (violet coral) and bracket-like Fistulina hepatica (beefsteak fungus).
Meyer (surname)
Meyer is an originally German, Dutch, and Jewish surname. With its numerous variants (Myer, Meyr, Meier, Meijer, Mayer, Maier, Mayr, Mair, Miers, etc.), it is a common German surname. Its original meaning in Middle High German is from mei(g)er, "manager (of a lord's country estate)", derived from Latin maior domus, i.e. "headman of a household" (cf. mayor), later on also meaning "tenant" or "(free) farmer". It is therefore a rough equivalent of the English Steward, which has also been turned into surnames such as Stuart.

This appellation was also frequently used to form longer, more specific surnames such as Bachmeier, Bergmair or Niedermeier. Some German Jews adopted Meyer or a variant thereof as a surname when they assimilated to German culture in the 18th century, as it is close to the Hebrew first name Me'ir (מֵאִיר), "shining, enlightened".

Bernd Bergmair
Bernd Bergmair (also spelled Bernard Bergemar, born 1968 in Linz) is an Austrian businessman. He was previously a majority owner of privately held MindGeek, the Luxembourg-based media conglomerate behind popular porn sites such as Pornhub.
Chris Larsen House
The Chris Larsen House is a historic residence located in Elk Horn, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.  The historic importance of the house is its association with Danish immigration into Shelby and Audubon counties from 1865 to 1924.  It is also the best example in the area of the frame,  gabled double-pile house type.  It follows a basic foursquare plan with a broad eave-front gabled roof with a broad central gabled dormer, and symmetrical fenestration on the facade. This type of house construction was popular in the local Danish immigrant community from the 1890s into the 1910s.  Chris Larsen, who had this house built in 1908, was a local merchant who immigrated to the United States in 1890.  He and his wife Amanda had three children, and they had several boarders living with them as well.

Elk Horn, Iowa
Elk Horn is a city in Shelby County, Iowa, United States. The population was 601 at the time of the 2020 census. Elk Horn is known as an enclave of Danish ethnicity and is home to the Museum of Danish America.
Doddridge, Arkansas
Doddridge is an unincorporated community in southern Miller County, Arkansas, United States, approximately five miles north of the Louisiana border. Doddridge is located at the junction of Arkansas Highway 160 and U.S. Route 71, and I-49 (former Highway 549) passes through the area, connecting it to Texarkana and Louisiana, as well as the confluence of the Sulphur and Red rivers. Although unincorporated, Doddridge has a post office, with the ZIP code of 71834.

The community is part of the Texarkana, TX–Texarakana, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It is within the Fouke School District. It was previously served by the Bright Star School District, which operated the Bright Star School in Doddridge. On July 1, 2004, the Bright Star School District was merged into the Fouke School District.

Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, in the Ark-La-Tex region. Located approximately 180 miles (290 km) from Dallas, Texarkana is a twin city with neighboring Texarkana, Arkansas. The Texas city's population was 36,193 at the 2020 census.

The city and its Arkansas counterpart form the core of the Texarkana metropolitan statistical area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. The two cities had a combined population of 65,580 in the 2020 decennial census, and the metropolitan area had a population of 149,482.
Constructive dilemma
Constructive dilemma is a valid rule of inference of propositional logic. It is the inference that, if P implies Q and R implies S and either P or R is true, then either Q or S has to be true. In sum, if two conditionals are true and at least one of their antecedents is, then at least one of their consequents must be too. Constructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus ponens, whereas destructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus tollens. The constructive dilemma rule can be stated:

where the rule is that whenever instances of "", "", and "" appear on lines of a proof, "" can be placed on a subsequent line.

Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas (also called wffs or simply formulas).

The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.
Achim Zeman
Achim Zeman (born 1961 in Stuttgart) is a German painter and installation artist. He is known for his extensive spatial installations that stretch across walls and floors and challenge our perception: "Verunsicherung der Betrachterposition, Irritation des Raumgefühls, Desorientierung – all das sind mögliche Umschreibungen für die Wirkung, die Achim Zeman mit seinen installativen Arbeiten erzielt.“ (In English: "Uncertainty of the viewer's position, irritation of the sense of space, disorientation - these are all possible descriptions for the effect Achim Zeman achieves with his installations.") The space altered by Zeman's painterly interventions not only reflects the increasing insecurity experienced by society in recent years, but also enables viewers - precisely because the irritation is caused by artistic, aesthetic means - to engage with it in the first place and to experience uncertainty and changes in perspective not as threatening, but as inspiring.

Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn
The Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn, or LVR-LandesMuseum Bonn, is a museum in Bonn, Germany, run by the Rhineland Landscape Association. It is one of the oldest museums in the country. In 2003 it completed an extensive renovation. The museum has a number of notable ancient busts and figures dating back to Roman times.