hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Mount Scorobas
The Battle of Mount Scorobas was fought in 88 BC between the Roman Republic and Pontus during the First Mithridatic War. The Romans were led by Manius Aquilius, while the Mithridatic forces were led by Archelaus. Pontus was victorious.

After the battle, Aquillius fled and attempted to make his way back to Italy. At Lesbos he was captured and delivered to Mithridates. After being taken to the mainland, Aquillius was then placed on a donkey and paraded back to Pergamon. Aquillius was then moved to and executed at the Theater of Dionysus, which sits on a hill of the Acropolis. A large bonfire was made in the center of the theater. Aquillius was dragged behind a horse, which was ridden by a soldier, and dragged around the bonfire, as gold coins were melted down in crucibles. Aquillius was then held down and the molten hot gold was poured down his throat for an agonizing death.

Kingdom of Pontus
Pontus (Ancient Greek: Πόντος Pontos) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty. The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. The Kingdom of Pontus reached its greatest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic Wars, Pontus was defeated.

The kingdom had three cultural strands, which often fused together: Greek (mostly on the coast), Persian, and Anatolian, with Greek becoming the official language in the 3rd century BC.
Juhan Kalm
Juhan Kalm (1884–1953) was an Estonian farmer, agronomist and politician.

Kalm was born on 19 March 1884 in Saadjärve in Tartu County and worked as a farmer and agronomist. He was elected to the Estonian Provincial Assembly, which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia between 1917 and 1919; he served for the whole term, but did not sit in the newly formed Republic of Estonia's Asutav Kogu (Constituent Assembly) or Riigikogu (Parliament). Kalm died in Canada on 17 July 1953.

Saadjärve
Saadjärve is a village in Tartu Parish, Tartu County in Estonia. It is located about 17 km north of the city of Tartu, on the eastern shore of Lake Saadjärv. Saadjärve has a population of 118 (as of 1 January 2012).
Enarotali Airport
Enarotali Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Enarotali) (IATA: EWI, ICAO: WAYE) is located in Enarotali, Central Papua, Indonesia. The airport serves the town of Enarotal in Paniai Regency as well as the surrounding regencies. The airport has a single runway of 1,012 m x 18 m and an apron of 40 m x 70 m, which can only accommodate small aircraft, such as the DHC-6 Twin Otter.

Paniai Regency
Paniai Regency is one of the regencies (kabupaten) in Central Papua Province of Indonesia. It is named after the Paniai Lakes. It covers an area of 6,525.25 km2, and had a population of 153,432 at the 2010 Census and 220,410 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 227,254 - comprising 124,260 males and 102,994 females. The administrative centre is the town of Enarotali, in East Paniai.
Neraudia melastomifolia
Neraudia melastomifolia, known as maʻaloa in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the nettle family, Urticaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is a shrub or small tree, reaching a height of up to 5 m (16 ft). N. melastomifolia inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of 270–1,160 m (890–3,810 ft) on Kauaʻi Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, and Maui. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Urticaceae
The Urticaceae /ɜːrtɪˈkeɪsiː/ are a family, the nettle family,  of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica. The Urticaceae family includes a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus Urtica, Ramie (Boehmeria nivea), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), and ajlai (Debregeasia saeneb).

The family includes about 2,625 species, grouped into 53 genera. The largest genera are Pilea (500 to 715 species), Elatostema (300 species), Urtica (80 species), and Cecropia (75 species). Cecropia contains many myrmecophytes.

Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, but most species are found in tropical ecosystems, especially tropical Asia.
Two Mothers (1916 film)
Two Mothers is a 1916 American silent short film directed by Lloyd B. Carleton. The film is based on a story by I.A.R. Wylie. Calder Johnstone developed the adaptation for the screen. The drama's features Dorothy Davenport, Alfred Allen and Emory Johnson.

Nina Angus is an opera singer. She is the lone support for a disabled husband and a 12-year-old boy. The leading part in a famous opera opens up for auditions. Nina is one of two finalists for the role. Her competition is a well-known singer who is the ex-wife of her husband. Conflicting background stories emerge stirring up deep emotions in both women, but they resolve their issues to make for a happy ending.

The film was released on June 1, 1916, by Universal.

I. A. R. Wylie
Ida Alexa Ross Wylie (16 March 1885 – 4 November 1959), known by her pen name I.A.R. Wylie, was an Australian-British-American novelist, screenwriter, short story writer, poet, and suffragette sympathiser who was honoured by the journalistic and literary establishments of her time, and received international recognition for her works. Between 1915 and 1953, more than thirty of her novels and stories were adapted into films, including Keeper of the Flame (1942), which was directed by George Cukor and starred Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn.
Tayloe Harding
Tayloe Harding Jr, DMA (born Richmond, VA, March 18, 1959) is an American composer, author, and music administrator. He has been serving as the Dean of the School of Music at the University of South Carolina since 2005. In addition to his deanship, he is also the Ira McKissick Koger Professor of the Arts.

He took on the role of Interim Provost for the university during the 2019–2020 academic year. Before this, he acted as the interim dean for the university's nationally ranked South Carolina Honors College from 2010 to 2011 and its College of Social Work from 2016 to 2017.

Ira Koger
Ira Koger was a commercial real estate developer and philanthropist who originated the suburban office park. In his career, his companies designed, constructed, funded and leased over 36 suburban office parks in the Southern United States, including Tulsa, El Paso, Norfolk, Miami, Tallahassee, Tampa and Jacksonville. The office parks include over 300 buildings, generating $150 million in rent annually.
David Thwaites (flying ace)
David Franklin Thwaites (September 8, 1921 – December 15, 2015) was a fighter pilot and flying ace of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He became an ace piloting the P-47 Thunderbolt as a member of the 361st Fighter Squadron of the 356th Fighter Group. Thwaites, based out of RAF Martlesham Heath in England, was the second highest scoring pilot in his squadron with six confirmed victories, and the only pilot of the 356th FG to score all of his victories while serving with the group. He scored his victories using three different P-47s, however, he nicknamed them all Polly. Following the completion of his tour in September 1944, he returned to the United States and became an instructor.

Following the surrender of Germany, Thwaites was stationed in Germany and on August 19, 1946, while a member of the 396th Fighter Squadron/368th Fighter Group, his P-47 Thunderbolt was involved in an aerial collision in the vicinity of Borkum.

Borkum
Borkum (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔʁkʊm] ⓘ; East Frisian Low Saxon: Börkum) is an island and a town in the Leer District in Lower Saxony, northwestern Germany. It is situated in the Wadden Sea, to the east of Rottumeroog and west of Juist.
Peter Taptuna
Peter Taptuna (Inuktitut: ᐲᑕ ᑕᑉᑑᓇ; born c. 1956) is a Canadian politician who served as the third premier of Nunavut from 2013 to 2017.

He was first elected in the general election held on October 27, 2008, to represent Nunavut’s most western riding of Kugluktuk, in the 3rd Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. He was elected Nunavut's third Premier during the November 15, 2013 proceedings of the Nunavut Leadership Forum. He was formally sworn into office on November 19, 2013.

From 2009 to 2013 he held many positions within the government of Nunavut, including Deputy Premier, Minister Responsible for the Nunavut Development Corporation, Minister Responsible for the Nunavut Business Credit Corporation, Minister Responsible for Mines, and since November 19, 2008, the Minister of Economic Development & Transportation.

Kugluktuk
Kugluktuk (Qurluqtuq, lit. 'the place of moving water'; Inuktitut syllabics: ᖁᕐᓗᖅᑐᖅ; Inuktitut pronunciation: [quʁluqtuq]), known as Coppermine until 1 January 1996, is a hamlet at the mouth of the Coppermine River in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada, on Coronation Gulf, southwest of Victoria Island. It is Nunavut's westernmost community, near the border with the Northwest Territories.

The area's traditional language is Inuinnaqtun, which is written in the Latin alphabet, rather than the syllabics of the Inuktitut writing system. Like Cambridge Bay, Bathurst Inlet, and Umingmaktok, syllabics are rarely seen and are used mainly by the Government of Nunavut.
Cuban link chain
Cuban link chain is a type of jewellery chain characterized by interlocking, uniform, and oval links that create a thick, rope-like appearance. It is derived from the classic curb chain. It is commonly made from precious metals such as gold, silver, or platinum and is often associated with luxury, hip-hop culture, and urban fashion. It is a highly versatile design. When it has a heavy, thicker appearance, it is primarily regarded as men's jewelry. However, it can be used in more delicate versions in women's jewelry and can be considered unisex. The design can also be used as bracelets and anklets.

Unisex
Unisex is an adjective indicating something is not sex-specific, i.e. is suitable for any type of sex. The term can also mean gender-blindness or gender neutrality.

The term 'unisex' was coined in the 1960s and was used fairly informally. The combining prefix uni- is from Latin unus, meaning one or single. However, 'unisex' seems to have been influenced by words such as united and universal, in which uni- takes the related sense shared. Unisex then means shared by sexes.
Raymond Collins (Kentucky politician)
Willie Raymond Collins (November 5, 1911 – July 26, 1994) was an American educator, Old Regular Baptist minister, and politician who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1970 to 1972. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Religion in North America
Religion in North America is dominated by various branches of Christianity and spans the period of Native American dwelling, European settlement, and the present day. Religion has been a major influence on art, culture, philosophy and law of the continent.

Between them, the United States, Mexico and Canada account for 85 percent of the population of North America. Religion in each of these countries is dominated by Christianity (77.4), making it the largest religious group in North America.

Ethnic groups in Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common ancestry, language, faith, historical continuity, etc. There are no universally accepted and precise definitions of the terms "ethnic group" and "nationality", but in the context of European ethnography in particular, the terms ethnic group, people, nationality and ethno-linguistic group are used as mostly synonymous. Preference may vary in usage with respect to the situation specific to the individual countries of Europe, and the context in which they may be classified by those terms.

The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans in 2002. The Russians are the most populous among Europeans, with a population of roughly 120 million.
Logic synthesis
In computer engineering, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract specification of desired circuit behavior, typically at register transfer level (RTL), is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates, typically by a computer program called a synthesis tool. Common examples of this process include synthesis of designs specified in hardware description languages, including VHDL and Verilog. Some synthesis tools generate bitstreams for programmable logic devices such as PALs or FPGAs, while others target the creation of ASICs. Logic synthesis is one step in circuit design in the electronic design automation, the others are place and route and verification and validation.

Bitstream
A bitstream (or bit stream), also known as binary sequence, is a sequence of bits.

A bytestream is a sequence of bytes.  Typically, each byte is an 8-bit quantity, and so the term octet stream is sometimes used interchangeably. An octet may be encoded as a sequence of 8 bits in multiple different ways (see bit numbering) so there is no unique and direct translation between bytestreams and bitstreams.

Bitstreams and bytestreams are used extensively in telecommunications and computing. For example, synchronous bitstreams are carried by SONET, and Transmission Control Protocol transports an asynchronous bytestream.
Andricus stellaris
Andricus stellaris, the sunburst gall wasp, is a fairly common species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on blue oaks and Oregon oaks on the Pacific coast of North America. The wasp oviposits on the underside of leaves, between the lateral veins; the larval chamber is the brightly colored spot at the center of the gall. The chamber is surrounded by a crystalline structure.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Før vi går hjem
"Før vi går hjem" (Before We Go Home) is a song by Danish singer-songwriter Søren Torpegaard Lund. It was released on 22 January 2026 through Little Yellow House. It was written by Lund, alongside Clara Sofie Fabricius, Thomas Meilstrup, and Valdemar Littauer Bendixen. The song will represent Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026.

Thomas Meilstrup
Thomas Meilstrup also known as just Thomas (born on 23 January 1998) is a Danish singer, musician and actor.

He was in Eventyrteatret (Adventure Theatre) where he took lessons in acting, dancing and singing. He was invited to sing in the Stig Rossens Christmas special, also singing at various festivals. He also plays the piano and keyboard, usually both playing while singing during his performances.

In 2008 he played the role of Læris in the film Frode og alle de andre rødder directed by Bubber. He has also sung for cartoon series like Tordenguden Thor, in the film Far til fire på japansk, and memorably in Happy Feet Two, where he sings with the voice of the little penguin character. He also voiced the character Steven Universe in the Danish dub during the last episode of the series Steven Universe as well as Steven Universe: The Movie and Steven Universe Future.
Enshō-ji (Kenchō)
Enshō-ji (延勝寺, Enshō-ji) was a former Buddhist monastery in northeastern Kyoto, Japan, endowed by Emperor Konoe in fulfillment of a sacred vow.  It is known as one of the "Six Victorious Temples" (六勝寺, Rokushō-ji), which encompass monastery complexes which enjoyed extravagant Imperial patronage from their inception.  They are sometimes identified as the "Superlative Temples" or the "Shō Temples" because of the middle syllable of the temple name.

Emperor Konoe
Emperor Konoe (近衛天皇, Konoe-tennō; June 16, 1139 – August 22, 1155) was the 76th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Konoe's reign spanned the years from 1142 through 1155.
Halles Saint-Géry
The Halles Saint-Géry (French) or Sint-Gorikshallen (Dutch) is a cultural centre and exhibition space in central Brussels, Belgium. It is located at 1, place Saint-Géry/Sint-Goriksplein, in a former covered market designed by the architect Adolphe Vanderheggen in neo-Flemish Renaissance style and built in 1881–82.

The Saint-Géry area is well known for the many bars, cafés and restaurants in the vicinity, making it a popular nightspot in the capital. It is served by the premetro (underground tram) station Bourse - Grand-Place/Beurs - Grote Markt on lines 4 and 10.

Cultural center
A cultural center or cultural centre is an organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts. Cultural centers can be neighborhood community arts organizations, private facilities, government-sponsored, or activist-run.
Judah Ashkenazi
Judah ben Simon Sofer Frankfurt Ashkenazi (Tiktin) was a Polish commentator on the Shulchan Aruch. He officiated as "dayyan" (a judge in a Jewish religious court) at Tikotzin, Poland, in the first half of the eighteenth century.

Tykocin
Tykocin ([tɨˈkɔt͡ɕin]; Yiddish: טיקטין, romanized: Tiktin) is a small town in north-eastern Poland, with 2,010 inhabitants (2012), located on the Narew river, in Białystok County in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is one of the oldest towns in the region, with its historic center designated a Historic Monument of Poland.
Coleophora sparsipuncta
Coleophora sparsipuncta is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in the United States, including Indiana.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Aster species. They create a trivalved, tubular silken case.

Aster (genus)
Aster is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 170 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae. Aster amellus is the type species of the genus and the family Asteraceae.

The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀστήρ (astḗr), meaning 'star', referring to the shape of the flower head. Many species, varieties, and hybrids, sometimes known as Michaelmas daisies for their late blooming, are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colourful flowers. 'Aster' species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species.
Pioneer Jazz
Pioneer Jazz was a Malian band from the 1960s.  The band emerged from the city of Bamako after Modibo Keïta, the Malian leader, began subsidizing musical groups as long as they used indigenous praise song, and the kora and balafon musical instruments, in their music.  Pioneer Jazz became very popular, and contributed musicians who went on to join other renowned Malian bands.  Perhaps the most prominent member of Pioneer Jazz was guitarist Djelimady Tounkara, who later joined the Rail Band.

Kora (instrument)
The kora (Manding languages: ߞߐߙߊ kɔra) is a stringed instrument used extensively in West Africa. A kora typically has 21 strings, which are played by plucking with the fingers. It has features of the lute and harp.
Steynsrus
Steynsrus, also called Matlwangtlwang is a small farming town in the Free State province of South Africa that was founded in 1910 and named after the last president of the Orange Free State, Martinus Theunis Steyn. It is included under Moqhaka Local Municipality, the tier of municipal government in South Africa, and administered from Kroonstad.

Moqhaka Local Municipality
Moqhaka Municipality (Sotho: Masepala wa Moqhaka; Afrikaans: Moqhaka Munisipaliteit) is a local municipality within the Fezile Dabi District Municipality, in the Free State province of South Africa. In 2022, the population was 155,410 with a total area of 7925 km². The seat is Kroonstad. Moqhaka is the Sesotho word for "crown".
Unit (Norway)
Unit, which labels itself as the Norwegian "directorate for ICT and joint services in higher education and research", is the government directorate within the Ministry of Education and Research which provides governance of and access to shared information and communications technology (ICT) services. Unit was created on January 1, 2018, following a merger of BIBSYS, CERES and parts of Uninett.

Uninett
Uninett was a state-owned company responsible for Norway's national research and education network. In 2022, Uninett was merged into Sikt.

The centre of operations was located at Teknobyen Innovation Centre in Trondheim. Uninett had approximately 100 employees. Any non-commercial research or educational institution such as libraries, archives and schools could be connected for a yearly fee.
Donji Tavankut
Donji Tavankut (Serbian Cyrillic: Доњи Таванкут), also known simply as Tavankut (Таванкут), is a village located in the administrative area of the City of Subotica, North Bačka District, Vojvodina, Serbia. It has a population of 1,969 people (2022 census).

North Bačka District
The North Bačka District (Serbian: Севернобачки округ, romanized: Severnobački okrug, pronounced [sêʋeːrnobâːtʃkiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the geographical region of Bačka. According to the 2022 census, the North Bačka District has a population of 160,163 inhabitants. The administrative center of the district is the city of Subotica.
Heroes Handicap Hurdle
The Heroes Handicap Hurdle is a Premier Handicap National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of about 2 miles and 7½ furlongs (2 miles 7 furlongs and 98 yards, or 4,716 metres), and during its running there are twelve hurdles to be jumped. It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late January or early February.

The race was established in 1986, and it was originally run over 2 miles, 5 furlongs and 75 yards (4,293 metres). This was increased to its present length in 1993. The event's current title was introduced in 2008, prior to which it was known as the Sandown Handicap Hurdle. For much of its history the race was sponsored by Tote Bookmakers, and its title promoted such bets as the Tote Jackpot and the Tote Scoop6. Since 2020 it has been sponsored by Betway.

The Tote
The Tote is a British gambling company founded in 1928. It operates the world's largest online pool betting website. Its product offering also includes sports betting and online casino. Business operations are led from its headquarters in Wigan.

The Tote was established and owned by the UK Government until July 2011 when it was sold to Betfred for £265m. It was sold to UK Tote Group – a consortium of over 150 individual investors involved in the sport as racehorse owners and breeders – in October 2019 for £115m. The Tote has retail outlets on 58 of the UK's 59 racecourses, as well as an online division.

Under the ownership of the UK Tote Group, the Tote aims to develop a more competitive product to compete in the UK betting market.