hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allium schoenoprasoides
Allium schoenoprasoides is an Asian species of wild onion native to Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. It can be found at elevations of 2700–3000 m.

Allium schoenoprasoides produces one egg-shaped bulb up to 15 mm in diameter. Scape is short, rarely more than 20 cm tall. Leaves are tubular, shorter than the scape, 2–3 mm wide. Umbels are spherical, densely packed with many purple flowers crowded together.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
AA560
AA560 is an orally active nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) that was developed in Japan and was first described in the literature in 1977 but was never marketed. It is an anilide derivative and analogue of the NSAA flutamide, and shows greater in vivo antiandrogenic potency than does flutamide. Similarly to flutamide, AA560 is a selective antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) and consequently shows progonadotropic effects by increasing levels of gonadotropins and testosterone via disinhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.
Kenny Ausubel
Kenny Ausubel (born April 20, 1949) is a social entrepreneur, investigative journalist, and award-winning filmmaker. He launched the annual National Bioneers Conference in 1990 with Nina Simons. He has received the Buckminster Fuller Institute’s Challenge Award as well as awards from the Rainforest Action Network and Global Green, among others.

Ausubel emphasizes the interdependence of all things, and the need to use nature's own diversity, kinship, community, cooperation and reciprocity in finding the urgently needed solutions to environmental and human crises.

Rainforest Action Network
Rainforest Action Network (RAN) is an environmental organization based in San Francisco, California, United States. The organization was founded by Randy "Hurricane" Hayes and Mike Roselle in 1985, and first gained national prominence with a grassroots organizing campaign that in 1987 succeeded in convincing Burger King to cancel $31 million worth of destructive Central American rainforest beef contracts. Protecting forests and challenging corporate power has remained a key focus of RAN's campaigns since, and has led RAN into campaigns that have led to transformative policy changes across home building, wood purchasing and supplying, automobile, fashion, paper and banking industries.
Arpico Super Centre
Arpico Super Centre also popularly simply known as Arpico is a chain of supermarkets which is also regarded as a departmental store located in Sri Lanka owned by Richard Pieris & Company. The retail shopping mall was initially started with the concept of supermarket and then transformed its business operations as a supercentre. It is one of the three largest retail operators on the island, alongside Cargills Food City and Keells Super. Arpico Super Centre is also regarded as one of the two most popular departmental stores in Sri Lanka along with ODEL. The Richard Pieris & Company, pioneered the concept of hypermarkets in Sri Lanka through their Arpico Super Centre chain. The store sells various types of goods in different sections under the building's roof and the headquarters is situated at Maharagama in High Level Road.

The Arpico Super Centre's 20th showroom branch was opened at Kohuwala in 2017 with the concept of green products.

Kohuwala
Kohuwala is a suburb in Colombo, Sri Lanka and is situated where the Colombo Piliyandala Road crosses Nugegoda Dehiwala Road. Hence it is connected to Nugegoda, Dehiwala, Pamankada, Boralesgamuwa and Piliyandala. Kohuwala is inside the administration boundary of Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia Municipal Council.
George Bates Nichols Tower
George Bates Nichols Tower (1834–1889) was an American civil and mechanical engineer and Union naval officer during the American Civil War. He served for at least part of his term of service on the USS Canandaigua as chief engineer. He was also a Chandler Instructor in civil engineering at Dartmouth College.

In 1874, he wrote Instructions on Modern American Bridge Building.

USS Canandaigua (1862)
USS Canandaigua was a sloop-of-war which displaced 1,395 long tons (1,417 t), with steam engine screw, acquired by the Union Navy during the second year of the American Civil War. After the war, Canandaigua was retained and placed in operation in Europe and elsewhere.

With her heavy guns (three of them rifled) and speed of 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h), she was an ideal and successful gunboat in the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America.
Rhombophyllum rhomboideum
Rhombophyllum rhomboideum, the diamond-leaved rhombophyllum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aizoaceae, native to the eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa. A succulent, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Stęclówka
Stęclówka (Polish: [stɛnˈt͡sluf.ka]) is a colony in Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, located in the Gmina Tczew, Tczew County. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Gmina Tczew
Gmina Tczew is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Tczew, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 170.61 square kilometres (65.9 sq mi), and as of 2022 its total population is 15,094.
Adejeania
Adejeania is a genus of tachinid flies from the Americas. While most species are found in South America, A. vexatrix occurs from Mexico up to British Columbia. The genus name is an alteration of Dejeania, meaning "not Dejeania". Other tachinid genera from the same root are Eudejeania, Paradejeania and Protodejeania.

Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann
Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann (7 December 1770 – 31 December 1840) was a German physician, historian, naturalist and entomologist. He is best known for his studies of world Diptera, but he also studied Hymenoptera and Coleoptera, although far less expertly.
Orders, decorations, and medals of South Vietnam
The system of Orders, decorations, and medals of South Vietnam came into being with the establishment of the National Order of Vietnam in 1950. Established by Bảo Đại, the head of state of the State of Vietnam, the order was the highest award of the state for both civilians and military personnel. This level of precedence continued under the government of South Vietnam. Lower ranking awards for both the military and civilians were subsequently established. The systems of civilian and military awards had their own order of precedence.

Bảo Đại
Bảo Đại (Vietnamese: [ɓâw ɗâjˀ], chữ Hán: 保大, lit. "keeper of greatness", 22 October 1913 – 31 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc (Phước) Vĩnh Thụy (chữ Hán: 阮福永瑞), was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam. From 1926 to 1945, he was de jure emperor of Annam and Tonkin, which were then protectorates in French Indochina, covering the present-day central and northern Vietnam. Bảo Đại ascended the throne in 1932.

The Japanese ousted the Vichy French administration in March 1945 and ruled through Bảo Đại, who proclaimed the Empire of Vietnam. He abdicated in August 1945 after Japan surrendered.

From 1949 to 1955, Bảo Đại was the chief of state of the anti-communist State of Vietnam. Viewed as a puppet ruler, Bảo Đại was criticized for being too closely associated with France and spending much of his time outside Vietnam. He was eventually ousted in a referendum in 1955 by Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm, who was supported by the United States.
Costa Rica at the Copa América
The Copa América is South America's major tournament in senior men's football and determines the continental champion. Until 1967, the tournament was known as South American Championship. It is the oldest continental championship in the world.

Costa Rica are not members of the South American football confederation CONMEBOL. But because CONMEBOL only has ten member associations, guest nations have regularly been invited since 1993. Costa Rica have competed in the Copa América five times, and reached the quarter-finals twice.

On four occasions, they have been directly invited. The Copa América Centenario in 2016 was a collaboration of the CONCACAF and the CONMEBOL and Costa Rica qualified by virtue of winning the 2014 Copa Centroamericana. They again qualified for the 2024 tournament via the qualifying play-offs.

In their home confederation, the North American CONCACAF, Costa Rica have won three titles (1963, 1969 and 1989).

2024 Copa América qualifying play-offs
The 2024 Copa América qualifying play-offs or play-in round were contested by four CONCACAF teams to earn the final two places in the 2024 Copa América. It was the second time that a qualifying tournament was organized for CONCACAF teams to enter into the Copa América. Both play-off matches were held at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas, United States.
Say No More (band)
Say No More was an American four-piece rock band from Salinas, California, United States, formed in December 2001. The band  independently released two records — 2004's Stranger in Dreams and 2006's The Transition. In August 2005, the quartet relocated to Los Angeles, California to attend California State University, Northridge. Shortly thereafter, they placed first in 2006's "Best Music on Campus" award — a battle of the bands competition held by Drive-Thru Records in cooperation with mtvU — which led to a recording contract with the record label. Preceded by the songs "This Is Our Way" and "Long Drive Home", What You Thought You Knew was released in October 2007. The music video for their single "Long Drive Home" was released on mtvU and mtvU.com on September 5, 2008.

Battle of the bands
A battle of the bands is a music contest or competition in which a number of bands compete for the title of "best band". The winner is determined by a voice vote of the audience or the band who brings the most people to support them. Traditionally, battles of bands are held at live music events and forums. Popular examples include the yearly Live and Unsigned contest in the United Kingdom and the annual SoundWave Music Competition.
Valentin Dmitriyenko
Valentin Dmitriyenko (born 8 June 1951) is a retired male hammer thrower, who competed for the Soviet Union during his career. He set his personal best (77.58 metres (254.5 ft)) on 26 August 1975 in Stuttgart.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Žilina District
Žilina District (Slovak: Okres Žilina) is an okres (district) of the Žilina Region in north-western Slovakia. The district was first established in 1923. Its present borders date from 1996. The heart of the district is the Váh and Rajec river valleys. Urbanization has led to the district's becoming one of Slovakia's most highly developed areas.

Žilina Region
The Žilina Region (Slovak: Žilinský kraj; Polish: Kraj żyliński; Hungarian: Zsolnai kerület) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions and consists of 11 districts (okresy) and 315 municipalities, from which 18 have a town status. The region was established in 1923, however, in its present borders exists from 1996. It is a more industrial region with several large towns. Žilina is the region administrative center and there is a strong cultural environment in Martin.
Mayya Doroshko
Mayya Doroshko (born 23 April 1999) is a Russian synchronised swimmer.

She participated at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships, winning a medal.

As a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Doroshko was unable to compete in the 2024 Summer Olympics as Russia was banned from all team events.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.
Piedmont Healthcare
Piedmont Healthcare is a not-for-profit health system in Georgia comprising 26 hospitals, 75 Piedmont Urgent Care centers, 25 QuickCare locations, and 1,875 Piedmont Clinic physician practices. They are the largest health system in the state of Georgia.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Johnny O'Connor (hurler)
John P. O'Connor (1928 – 31 October 2010), known as Johnny O'Connor, was an Irish hurler who played as a midfielder for the Waterford senior team.

Born in Abbeyside, County Waterford, O'Connor first played competitive hurling during his schooling at Dungarvan CBS. He arrived on the inter-county scene when he first linked up with the Waterford minor team. He made his senior debut during the 1946–47 league. O'Connor subsequently became a regular member of the starting fifteen and won one All-Ireland medal and two Munster medals. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

As a member of the Munster inter-provincial on a number of occasions O'Connor won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he won several championship medals playing with Abbeyside, Clonea, UCD, Castletownroche and Avondhu.

O'Connor retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1958 championship.

1946–47 National Hurling League
The 1946–47 National Hurling League was the 16th season of the NHL, an annual hurling competition for the GAA county teams. Limerick won the league, beating Kilkenny by 3–8 to 1–7 in a replay of the final.
Polar auxin transport
Polar auxin transport is the regulated transport of the plant hormone auxin in plants. It is an active process, the hormone is transported in cell-to-cell manner and one of the main features of the transport is its asymmetry and directionality (polarity). The polar auxin transport functions to coordinate plant development; the following spatial auxin distribution underpins most of plant growth responses to its environment and plant growth and developmental changes in general. In other words, the flow and relative concentrations of auxin informs each plant cell where it is located and therefore what it should do or become.

Cell polarity
Cell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell. Almost all cell types exhibit some form of polarity, which enables them to carry out specialized functions. Classical examples of polarized cells are described below, including epithelial cells with apical-basal polarity, neurons in which signals propagate in one direction from dendrites to axons, and migrating cells. Furthermore, cell polarity is important during many types of asymmetric cell division to set up functional asymmetries between daughter cells.

Many of the key molecular players implicated in cell polarity are well conserved. For example, in metazoan cells, the PAR-3/PAR-6/aPKC complex plays a fundamental role in cell polarity. While the biochemical details may vary, some of the core principles such as negative and/or positive feedback between different molecules are common and essential to many known polarity systems.
Daf-3
The DAF-3 or Dwarfin sma is a nematode Caenorhabditis elegans gene encoding a Co-SMAD protein of TGF-beta signaling pathway. Without daf-7 signal, DAF-3 combined with transcription factor daf-5 to form a heterodimer and started dauer development. When daf-7 binds to the receptors daf-1/daf-4, the phosphorylated daf-8/daf-14 heterodimer enter to the nucleus to inhibit this transcription.

TGF beta signaling pathway
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell migration, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. The pathway is also involved in multiple physiological processes such as regulation of the immune system, the vascular system and embryonic development. The TGFβ signaling pathways are conserved.  In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signaling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression.
2024 United States Olympic trials (swimming)
The 2024 USA Swimming Olympic trials were held at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana,  from June 15 to 23, 2024. The meet served as the National Championships in swimming for the United States and the qualifier for swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

USA Swimming
USA Swimming is the national governing body for competitive swimming in the United States. It is charged with selecting the United States Olympic Swimming team and any other teams that officially represent the United States, as well as the overall organization and operation of the sport within the country, in accordance with the Olympic and Amateur Sports Act. The national headquarters of USA Swimming is located at the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Paulo Macedo (basketball)
Paulo Jorge Morais Rebelo de Macedo (born 28 May 1968) is an Angolan former professional basketball player and a current coach. Macedo, who is 190 cm (6 ft 3 in) in height, has been a prominent point guard both at the service of the Angola national basketball team and with Primeiro de Agosto. For Angola, he played at the 1986, 1990 and 1994 world championships as well as at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Moreover, he won the FIBA Africa championships in 1989, 1992, 1993 and in 2013 as a coach.

On 30 May 2012 he was appointed head coach of the Angola national basketball team for the 2013 AfroBasket.

In January 2016, he was appointed head coach of Clube Desportivo da Marinha de Guerra.

As of June 2017, he has been the head coach of Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto.

FIBA Africa Championship 1992
The FIBA Africa Championship 1992 was hosted by Egypt from December 28 to January 8, 1993.  The games were played in Cairo.  Angola won the tournament, the country's 2nd consecutive African championship, by beating Senegal in the final.
Carol Stabile
Carol Stabile is a professor in the department of Women's Studies at the University of Maryland, College Park.

In 2014, Stabile received an American Council of Learned Societies fellowship for her work on blacklisted (supposedly communist) and conservative women's involvement in 1940s and 1950s television industries. Her project "examines the forms of employment progressive women were seeking in the new industry, as well as the opposition they faced from anti-communist men and women opposed to viewpoints they considered un-American." Prior to the ACLS fellowship, Stabile's peer-reviewed academic article "The Typhoid Marys of the Left: Gender, Race, and the Broadcast Blacklist" received the 2013 Ronald D. and Gayla T. Farrar Award in Media and Civil Rights History.

American Council of Learned Societies
The American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) is a private, nonprofit federation of 75 scholarly organizations in the humanities and related social sciences founded in 1919. It is best known for its fellowship competitions which provide a range of opportunities for scholars in the humanities and related social sciences at all career stages, from graduate students to distinguished professors to independent scholars, working with a number of disciplines and methodologies in the U.S. and abroad.
Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Quarraisha Abdool Karim is an infectious diseases epidemiologist and co-founder and Associate Scientific Director of CAPRISA. She is a professor in Clinical Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York and Pro-Vice Chancellor for African Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

University of KwaZulu-Natal
The University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN; Zulu: INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali, Afrikaans: Universiteit van KwaZulu-Natal) is a public research university with five campuses in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. It was formed on 1 January 2004 after the merger between the University of Natal and the University of Durban-Westville.