hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maszewy
Maszewy [maˈʂɛvɨ] (German: Maxkeim) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Gmina Bartoszyce
Gmina Bartoszyce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its seat is the town of Bartoszyce, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 427.82 square kilometres (165.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,769.
Singaperumalkoil
Singaperumal Koil is a satellite town city of Chennai located between Chengalpattu and Maraimalai Nagar in Chengalpattu district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a part of the area Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) in the Chennai Metropolitan Area.

Chennai metropolitan area
Chennai metropolitan area or Greater Chennai is the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in India and the 35th most populous in the world. It consists of the core city of Chennai, which is coterminous with the Chennai district, and its suburbs in Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Thiruvallur and Ranipet districts.

The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority is the nodal agency that handles town planning and development within the metro area. In 1974, an area encompassing 1,189 km2 (459 sq mi) around the city was designated as the metropolitan area which was subsequently expanded to 5,904 km2 (2,280 sq mi) in 2022.
Disease resistance
Disease resistance is the ability to prevent or reduce the presence of diseases in otherwise susceptible hosts. It can arise from genetic or environmental factors, such as incomplete penetrance. Disease tolerance is different as it is the ability of a host to limit the impact of disease on host health.

In crops this includes plant disease resistance and can follow a gene-for-gene relationship.

Penetrance
Penetrance in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant (or allele) of a gene (genotype) that also expresses an associated trait (phenotype). In medical genetics, the penetrance of a disease-causing mutation is the proportion of individuals with the mutation that exhibit clinical symptoms among all individuals with such mutation. For example: If a mutation in the gene responsible for a particular autosomal dominant disorder has 95% penetrance, then 95% of those with the mutation will go on to develop the disease, showing its phenotype, whereas 5% will not.

Penetrance only refers to whether an individual with a specific genotype exhibits any phenotypic signs or symptoms, and is not to be confused with variable expressivity which is to what extent or degree the symptoms for the disease are shown (the expression of the phenotypic trait). Meaning that, even if the same disease-causing mutation affects separate individuals, the expressivity will vary.
Japanese ship Hirado
Three ships of the Japanese Navy have been named Hirado:

Japanese cruiser Hirado was a Chikuma-class cruiser launched in 1911 and struck in 1940

Japanese escort ship Hirado was an Etorofu-class escort ship launched in 1943 and scrapped in 1947

JS Hirado (MSO-305) is an Awaji-class minesweeper

Chikuma-class cruiser
The three Chikuma-class cruisers (筑摩型防護巡洋艦, Chikuma-gata bōgojun'yōkan) were protected cruisers operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy. They participated in numerous actions during World War I.

The Chikuma class was the final class of protected cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and was followed by the Tenryū class of light cruisers.
WDCQ-TV
WDCQ-TV (channel 19), branded Delta College Public Media, is a PBS member television station licensed to Bad Axe, Michigan, United States, serving the Flint–Tri-Cities television market. The station is owned by Delta College, and it is a sister station to NPR member WUCX-FM (90.1 MHz, owned by Central Michigan University (CMU) and jointly operated by Delta College and CMU). The two stations share studios at the Frank N. Andersen Broadcast Center on the Delta College campus on Delta Road in University Center, an unincorporated community in Frankenlust Township in southwestern Bay County; WDCQ-TV's transmitter is located in Quanicassee, in northwestern Tuscola County.

Frankenlust Township, Michigan
Frankenlust Township is a civil township of Bay County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2020 Census placed the population at 3,672. This is a 3.1% increase from the 3,562 recorded at the 2010 Census, the second largest increase in Bay County during that time period.  The 2000 Census recorded 2,530. It is included in the Bay City Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Delta College.
Carl Friedrich Claus
Carl Friedrich Claus  (9 November 1827 – 29 August 1900) was a German chemist and inventor. He patented the Claus process, which is still the dominant gas desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur from gaseous hydrogen sulfide. The process was later significantly modified by German company IG Farben.

Desulfurization
Desulfurization or desulphurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material. The term usually refers to the removal of sulfur from a molecule or a material by hydrogenolysis:

R2S + 2 H2  →   2RH + H2S

Hydrogen is the ultimate sulfur acceptor. As applied to oil refinery streams, the conversion is known as hydrodesulfurization. These processes are of industrial and environmental importance as they provide the bulk of sulfur used in industry (Claus process and Contact process), sulfur-free compounds that could otherwise not be used in a great number of catalytic processes, and also reduce the release of harmful sulfur compounds into the environment.

A laboratory scale hydrogenolysis is the desulfurization of thioketals by Raney nickel.  In such cases, the hydrogen is contained within the reagent.
Zero (Hawk Nelson song)
"Zero" is a song by the Christian alternative rock band Hawk Nelson from their album Smile, It's the End of the World. The song is about someone vocalist Jason Dunn knew who committed suicide. The song was released in 2006, and it was released again on May 30, 2007 as a single in the USA and Canada. The single was the 15th most-played song in 2007 on Christian Hit Radio stations in the United States according to R&R magazine.

Hawk Nelson
Hawk Nelson was a Canadian Christian rock band from Peterborough, Ontario. Formed in 2000, the band released eight studio albums. Bassist/backing vocalist Daniel Biro was the band's only founding member to remain throughout their entire history.
National Museum of Denmark
The National Museum of Denmark (Danish: Nationalmuseet) in Copenhagen is Denmark's largest museum of cultural history, comprising the histories of Danish and foreign cultures, alike. The museum's main building is located a short distance from Strøget at the center of Copenhagen. It contains exhibits from around the world, from Greenland to South America. Additionally, the museum sponsors SILA - The Greenland Research Center at the National Museum of Denmark to further archaeological and anthropological research in Greenland.

The museum has a number of national commitments, particularly within the following key areas: archaeology, ethnology, numismatics, ethnography, natural science, conservation, communication, building antiquarian activities in connection with the churches of Denmark, as well as the handling of the Danefæ (the National Treasures).

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
LD Entertainment KH
LD Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Khmer: អិលឌី អេនធើធេនមែនធ៍), doing business as LD, is a film studio subsidiary of the Cambodia entertainment. LD had released films of various genres such as romance, comedy, horror and drama as well as the hit films The Clock: Spirits Awakening, Rent Boy (2023 film), Single Dad (film), The Night Curse of Reatrei and  Mannequin Wedding.

Rent Boy (2023 film)
Rent Boy (Khmer: ប្រុសលក់ខ្លួន, Bros Lak Khloun; transl. Rent Boy) is a 2023 Cambodian romance comedy film directed by Leak Lyda and written by Diep Sovanndara.

Starring Cambodian Pich Votey Saravody, Khat Vaihang,Tep Rindaro. Myanmar actor Paing Takhon. Thailand Sudarat Butrprom, Kohtee Aramboy and Vietnam Kieu Trinh.
Matthew 18 process
The Matthew 18 process, the Matthew process, and a Matthew 18 process are closely intertwined ideas and practices among some adherents of Christianity, related to a discussion of conflict resolution the Gospel according to Matthew, specifically Matthew 18:15-17. The terms may use the word "process" in either (or both) of two senses:

Principles distilled from that gospel text

An instance of attempting to apply such principles

Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective negotiation. Dimensions of resolution typically parallel the dimensions of conflict in the way the conflict is processed. Cognitive resolution is the way disputants understand and view the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings and attitudes. Emotional resolution is in the way disputants feel about a conflict, the emotional energy. Behavioral resolution is reflective of how the disputants act, their behavior. Ultimately a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including negotiation, mediation, mediation-arbitration, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
NOAAS Townsend Cromwell
NOAAS Townsend Cromwell (R 443) was an American fisheries research vessel that was in commission in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fleet from 1975 to 2002. Prior to her NOAA career, she was in the United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Bureau of Commercial Fisheries fleet from 1963 to 1975 as US FWS Townsend Cromwell.

After her NOAA career, the ship became MV Townsend Cromwell, first as the property of the government of American Samoa from 2002 to 2003 and then as a private yacht in New Zealand from 2003 to 2009. Since 2009, she has operated in Fiji as the passenger-cargo ship MV Lau Trader.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
Iver Larsen Hvamstad
Ivar Larsen Hvamstad (14 December 1843 – 5 October 1903) was a Norwegian educator and politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from the constituency Christians Amt in 1879 and 1882. He served through 1885, representing the Liberal Party from its foundation in 1884. He was a teacher in Gran Municipality and farmer in Brandbu, and was the mayor of Brandbu Municipality for several years.

Together with Marthe Pedersdatter Alm (1846–1928) he had the son Ivar Hvamstad, who became a member of Parliament in 1916.

1882 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1882. Although political parties were not officially established until 1884, there were two broad movements already in existence - one supporting the Swedish King and the existing system, and one demanding reform.

The first political party in Norway, the Liberal Party, was established ahead of the next election. This led to MPs joining the party and forming a government led by Johan Sverdrup, which introduced parliamentarism to Norway on 26 June 1884.
Henry Winter Syle
Henry Winter Syle (November 9, 1846 – January 6, 1890) was the first deaf person to be ordained a priest in the Episcopal Church in the United States.

Henry Winter Syle was born in Shanghai, China; Syle was a student and parishioner of Thomas Gallaudet.  He was deaf from an early age.  He attended Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, St. John's College in Cambridge, England, and Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.  Syle was encouraged to become a priest by Gallaudet.  Ordained on October 14, 1883, he became the first deaf clergyman in the United States.  He established a congregation for the deaf in 1888.

Syle struggled with poor health his whole life.  He died of pneumonia on Jan. 6, 1890, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

He is commemorated along with his teacher, Thomas Gallaudet on August 27 on the Episcopal calendar of saints.

He died on January 6, 1890, and was interred at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

Trinity College (Connecticut)
Trinity College is a private liberal arts college in Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Founded as Washington College in 1823, it is the second-oldest college in the state of Connecticut. Coeducational since 1969, the college enrolls 2,235 students.  Trinity offers 41 majors and 28 interdisciplinary minors. The college is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC).
Daikoku Island (Akkeshi)
Daikoku Island (大黒島, Daikoku-jima) is an uninhabited island in Akkeshi, Hokkaidō, Japan. Together with the smaller island of Kojima (小島) to the north, it forms a natural breakwater at the entrance to Akkeshi Bay (厚岸湾). At the southwest tip of the island at an elevation of approximately 105 metres is Akkeshi Lighthouse (厚岸灯台), which began operations on 25 November 1890. Of the island's 107 hectares, 64 are owned by the state, 42 by the municipality, and one is in private hands.

Breakwater (structure)
A breakwater is a permanent structure constructed at a coastal area to protect against tides, currents, waves, and storm surges.  Breakwaters have been built since antiquity to protect anchorages, helping isolate vessels from marine hazards such as wind-driven waves. A breakwater, also known in some contexts as a jetty or a mole, may be connected to land or freestanding, and may contain a walkway or road for vehicle access.

Part of a coastal management system, breakwaters are installed parallel to the shore to minimize erosion. On beaches where longshore drift threatens the erosion of beach material, smaller structures on the beach  may be installed, usually perpendicular to the water's edge. Their action on waves and current is intended to slow the longshore drift and discourage mobilisation of beach material. In this usage they are more usually referred to as groynes.
Arizona (1913 film)
Arizona is a 1913 American silent Western film directed by Augustus Thomas based on his 1899 play Arizona which on stage starred Vincent Serrano and Eleanor Robson. It is one of the first feature films made in the United States, alongside Cleopatra and Richard III. Cyril Scott plays the lead Lt. Denton.

This film is now lost.

Eleanor Robson Belmont
Eleanor Elise Robson Belmont (13 December 1879 – 24 October 1979) was an English actress and prominent public figure in the United States. George Bernard Shaw wrote Major Barbara for her, but contractual problems prevented her from playing the role. Mrs. Belmont was involved in the Metropolitan Opera Association as the first woman on the board of directors, and she founded the Metropolitan Opera Guild.
Kappa calculus
In mathematical logic, category theory, and
computer science, kappa calculus is a
formal system for defining first-order
functions.

Unlike lambda calculus, kappa calculus has no
higher-order functions; its functions are
not first class objects.  Kappa-calculus can be
regarded as "a reformulation of the first-order fragment of typed
lambda calculus".

Because its functions are not first-class objects, evaluation of kappa
calculus expressions does not require
closures.

Formal system
A formal system (or deductive system) is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms.

In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics.
However, in 1931 Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent formal system sufficiently powerful to express basic arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated.

The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal system, but it also refers to a given style of notation, for example, Paul Dirac's bra–ket notation.
Baseball in Nicaragua
Baseball is the national game of Nicaragua, it is the most popular sport in the country. Nicaragua has a professional baseball league, the Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League, consisting of five teams, playing in the winter, and a semiprofessional league, the Germán Pomares Championship, playing in spring and summer. The national baseball team has been successful in the past, mainly throughout the 1970s. Nicaragua and near-by Panama are two countries who have baseball as their national sport, rather than soccer, the national sport of many Central American countries.

Bluefields
Bluefields  (Spanish pronunciation: [bluˈfjels]) is a city and municipality on the central Mosquito Coast, and capital of the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, Nicaragua. Historically, it held far greater significance as the political and administrative capital of the Kingdom of Mosquitia, which maintained independence and later protectorate status under Great Britain during the 17th to 19th centuries. Following the kingdom's annexation in 1894, the city became the capital of the Zelaya Department.
John Wesley (actor)
John Wesley (August 3, 1947 – September 7, 2019) was an American actor who worked in many television series, including The Fresh Prince of Bel Air, In The Heat of the Night (TV series) and in Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad, where he played the role of Principal Pratchert. He also had roles in many feature films as well as theater productions.

He was Mr. Jim on the series Martin for 3 seasons, and was the series regular "Sweets Walker" on Dirty Dancing, the television series. He has also appeared in numerous commercials and voiceovers including "Rafaki". His first main film role was as Franklin in Missing in Action 2: The Beginning starring Chuck Norris but his first credited film role was in the 1968 Clint Eastwood western Hang 'Em High. Wesley was also an award-winning stage actor and a Vietnam veteran.

Wesley earned degrees from the University of California, San Diego graduate acting program and the University of San Diego.

Missing in Action 2: The Beginning
Missing in Action 2: The Beginning is a 1985 American action adventure film, and a prequel to Missing in Action, both of which star Chuck Norris. It was directed by Lance Hool, and written by Steve Bing, Larry Levinson and Arthur Silver. It is the second installment in the Missing in Action film series.

Missing in Action 2: The Beginning was filmed back to back with the original Missing in Action and was originally intended to be the first film of the two. But according to Joseph Zito, director of what was to become Missing in Action, it was decided that the sequel was a much better film and would be a more successful first film. Consequently, Cannon just switched titles and release dates so that the planned sequel was released first, and the planned first film was released as a prequel. It was followed by another sequel, Braddock: Missing in Action III, featuring the same character, but with a stand-alone screenplay.
Acrocercops homalacta
Acrocercops homalacta is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from Guadalcanal and Rennell Island in the Solomon Islands, as well as Samoa. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1927.

This species is closely allied to the Indian Acrocercops cathedraea and the African Acrocercops bifasciata.

Telamoptilia cathedraea
Telamoptilia cathedraea is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from India (Meghalaya, Bihar), Taiwan, Japan (Kyūshū, the Ryukyu Islands) and Madagascar.

The wingspan is 7–8 mm.

The larvae feed on Urena lobata and Urena tomentosa. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
C.N. Kikonyogo Money Museum
The Charles Nyonyintono Kikonyogo Money Museum, commonly known as the C.N. Kikonyogo Money Museum, is a numismatic museum located in Kampala, Uganda. Operated by the Bank of Uganda, the museum showcases the monetary heritage and financial history of Uganda. It is located at Plot 45 Kampala Road, Kampala.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
Battle of Brest (1792)
The Battle of Brest (Russian: Битва под Брестом; Polish: Bitwa pod Brześciem) was defensive battle of 5,000 Polish-Lithuanian troops tried to cover the way to Warsaw from the Russians. An equally strong Russian detachment was acting against them.

On July 21, a dragoon raid took place on Polish-Lithuanian positions in front of the city, the Polish-Lithuanian forces retreated into the city itself. On July 23, a battle took place at dawn, the defenders held out for a long time, but after they ran out of ammunition they were forced to retreat. Poles were led by Szymon Zabiełło; they lost 356 killed and 66 captured, while the Russians under Ivan Yevstafyevich Fersen lost only 12 dead and 43 wounded.

Szymon Zabiełło
Szymon Zabiełło (Lithuanian: Simonas Zabiela) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman (Polish: szlachcic) of the Topór clan (born 14 July 1750, Raudondvaris, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, died in 1824). He was the Castellan of Minsk from 1783 to 1787, lieutenant general of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army, and a member of its General Staff in 1792. He was an envoy to the Grodno Sejm, a member of the Patriotic Party, the Grodno Confederation in 1793, as well as the Permanent Council, and a participant of the Kościuszko Uprising in Lithuania.
Digital Search and Seizure
Digital Search and Seizure refers to the ability of the United States Government to obtain and read an individual's private digital correspondence and material under The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

Stored Communications Act
The Stored Communications Act (SCA), codified at 18 U.S.C. Chapter 121 §§ 2701–2713), is a United States law that addresses voluntary and compelled disclosure of "stored wire and electronic communications and transactional records" held by third-party Internet service providers (ISPs). It was enacted as Title II of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA).

The SCA creates Fourth Amendment-like privacy protection for email and other digital communications stored on the Internet. It limits the government's ability to compel an ISP to turn over content information and non-content information (such as logs and "envelope" information from email). It also limits the ability of commercial ISPs to reveal content information to non-government entities.