hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Navodaya Times
Navodaya Times   is a Hindi-language newspaper established in 2013 and published from Delhi. It is owned by the Punjab Kesari group (The Hindsamachar Ltd.). It is one of the four newspapers started by the group; the other three are Punjab Kesari, Hind Samachar in Urdu and Jagbani in Punjabi languages.

Hind Samachar
Hind Samachar (Urdu: ہند سماچار, romanized: Hind Samācār, lit. 'India News') is a daily Urdu newspaper that is circulated in Mumbai, India. It was one of the three newspapers started by the Punjab Kesari Group back in 1948. These three newspapers have a combined circulation of 975,000 copies on weekdays and 1.05 million copies on weekends. The head office is located in Civil Lines in Mumbai, and the newspaper is printed from Jalandhar, Ambala, and Jammu.
William Forster (bishop)
William Forster, D.D. (died 1635) was an Anglican clergyman who served in the Church of England as the Bishop of Sodor and Man from 1633 to 1635.

He was educated at St Catharine's College, Cambridge, and later becoming a Fellow of the college. He was appointed a canon of Chester in 1618.

He was nominated bishop of Sodor and Man by William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby on 26 December 1633 and consecrated on 9 March 1634.

He died in office on 23 or 24 February 1635 and was buried at St Bartholomew's Church, Barrow on 26 February 1635, where he had also been rector.

Christianity portal

St Bartholomew's Church, Barrow
St Bartholomew's Church is in the village of Great Barrow in the civil parish of Barrow, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Chester.
Justin Falk
Justin Falk (born October 11, 1988) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He last played with the Belleville Senators in the American Hockey League (AHL). He made his National Hockey League debut in the 2009–10 season with the Minnesota Wild, and has since played for the New York Rangers, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Buffalo Sabres.
Justin is the current General Manager and Head Coach for the Winkler Flyers in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League.

Manitoba Junior Hockey League
The Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL) is a Junior 'A' ice hockey league operating in the Canadian province of Manitoba and one of nine member leagues of the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL).

The MJHL consists of thirteen teams all based within the province of Manitoba, eight of which qualify for each year's playoffs.  The playoff champion is awarded the Turnbull Cup, the Junior 'A' championship trophy for the province of Manitoba.  The winner of the MJHL playoffs (Turnbull Cup) earns a berth in the national championship, the Centennial Cup.
Psoglav
Psoglav (Serbian Cyrillic: Псоглав, literally "doghead") is a demonic mythical creature in Balkan mythology; belief about it existed in parts of Bosnia and  Montenegro. Psoglav was described as having a human body with horse legs, a dog's head with iron teeth, and a single eye on the forehead.

Psoglavs were described as living in caves or in a dark land which has plenty of gemstones, but no sun. They practice anthropophagy, by eating people, or even digging out corpses from graves to eat them. In Croatian the term is psoglavac, and in Slovene it is psoglavec. There are numerous legends about them, particularly on the Istrian peninsula in Croatia.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Eduardo Ovando Martínez
Eduardo Ovando Martínez (born 13 October 1955) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He served as Senator of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Quintana Roo, as a local deputy in the VI Legislature of the Congress of Quintana Roo, and as municipal president of Chetumal between 1999 and 2000.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Chintamaneni Prabhakar
Chintamaneni Prabhakar (born 3 January 1968) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is currently a Member of the Legislative Assembly 2024 from Denduluru Assembly constituency in Eluru district. Representing Telugu Desam Party, he represented the Denduluru Assembly constituency three times from 2009 to 2019 and from 2024 for his third term. He served as a whip of  Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2014 to 2019.

Eluru district
Eluru district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in  the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.  Eluru is its administrative headquarters. It is  formed from  from erstwhile West Godavari and  Krishna districts on 4 April 2022. It was restructured on 16 February 2023 with the transfer of Ganapavaram mandal to West Godavari district
Ravla Khempur
Ravla Khempur is a haveli and heritage hotel in Khempur in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was built in the 1620s and became known as The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel after being used as the filming location for the 2011 film's hotel and its 2015 sequel, The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel. The hotel is surrounded by a Marwari horse breeding stable and paddocks and caters to horse lovers.

The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel is a 2015 comedy drama film that is the sequel to The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel. The motion picture starred ensemble cast consisting of  Judi Dench, Maggie Smith, Dev Patel, Bill Nighy, Celia Imrie, Penelope Wilton, Ronald Pickup, David Strathairn, and Richard Gere. The film was directed by John Madden and written by Ol Parker.
Joy Katz
Joy Katz (b Newark, New Jersey) is an American poet who was awarded a 2011 National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship for Poetry.

She is the author of three poetry collections, most recently All You Do Is Perceive, a National Poetry Series finalist (Four Way Books, 2013), The Garden Room (Tupelo Press, 2006), and Fabulae (Southern Illinois University, 2002). Her work appears in Ploughshares, Gulf Coast,Conduit, Barrow Street, Colorado Review, Court Green, and Verse, Slope, The New York Times Book Review, Parnassus, and Prairie Schooner. Katz was raised in Buffalo; Philadelphia; Camden, Maine; and Cincinnati. She earned a B.S. at Ohio State University, an MFA at Washington University in St. Louis, and she held a Stegner Fellowship at Stanford University. Katz is an editor-at-large at Pleiades.  She teaches poetry workshops at the Chatham University MFA Program in Creative Writing. She married a playwright, Rob Handel, on May 28, 2005, and lives in Pittsburgh.

Chatham University
Chatham University is a private university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Originally founded as a women's college, it began enrolling men in undergraduate programs in 2015. It enrolls about 2,110 students, including 1,002 undergraduate students and 1,108 graduate students.

The university grants certificates and degrees including bachelor, master, first-professional, and doctorate degrees in the School of Arts, Science & Business, the School of Health Sciences, and the Falk School of Sustainability & Environment.
Killing of Bibi Lee
Roberta 'Bibi' Lee (李美华) a 21 year old student at University of California, Berkeley and member of the University Students Cooperative Association (USCA), was killed in November 1984. In 1986, her boyfriend Bradley Nelson Page was tried for her murder. A jury found him not guilty of murder and deadlocked on the alternate charge of voluntary manslaughter. In 1988, Page was retried and convicted of the same charge. Beginning in 1997, social scientists Richard A. Leo and Richard Ofshe published several works arguing that Page's conviction was based on a false confession.

Berkeley Student Cooperative
The Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC) (formerly known as University Students' Cooperative Association or the USCA) is a student housing cooperative serving primarily UC Berkeley students, but open to any full-time post-secondary student. The BSC houses and/or feeds over 1,300 students in 17 houses and three apartment buildings. Food is provided to residents of the 17 houses, which also offer boarding meal plans to non-residents. As part of their rental agreement, residents of the houses are required to perform workshifts, typically five hours per week. The BSC is led by a board of directors which is primarily composed of and elected by student members.
Omega language
In formal language theory within theoretical computer science, an infinite word is an infinite-length sequence (specifically, an ω-length sequence) of symbols, and an ω-language is a set of infinite words. Here, ω refers to the first infinite ordinal number, modeling a set of natural numbers.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Reaction video
A reaction video, or a react video, is a video in which one or more persons react to something. Videos showing the emotional reactions, criticism or commentary of people viewing movies, television series episodes, film trailers, music videos, news, or other media are numerous and popular on online video hosting services such as YouTube and live-streaming services such as Twitch. The depicted persons may not even be aware that they are being recorded. In many cases, the video to which people are reacting is shown within the reaction video, letting viewers see what is being reacted to.

The question of if, and when, reaction videos constitute a fair use of intellectual property, rather than an appropriation of the reacted-to content, and a copyright infringement, has generated controversy and is a subject of discussion and debate.

Online video platform
An online video platform (OVP) enables users to upload, convert, store, and play back video content on the Internet, often via a private server structured, large-scale system that may generate revenue. Users will generally upload video content via the hosting service's website, mobile or desktop application, or other interfaces (API), and typically provide embedded codes or links that allow others to view the video content.
Constantine of Kostenets
Constantine of Kostenets (Bulgarian: Константин Костенечки, romanized: Konstantin Kostenechki; c. 1380 – after 1431), also known as Constantine the Philosopher (Serbian: Константин Филозоф / Konstantin Filozof), was a medieval Bulgarian writer and chronicler, who spent most of his life in the Serbian Despotate. He is best known for his biography of Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević, which George Ostrogorsky described as "the most important historical work of old Serbian literature", and for writing the first Serbian philological study, Skazanije o pismeneh (A History on the Letters). He followed the writing style of the Old Serbian "vita", first popularized in the Serbian scriptoria of the 12th century. When the Turks invaded Bulgaria, Serbia granted refuge to such men of letters as Kostonets, Grigorije Camblak, and Ioasaf of Vidin.

Vidin
Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин, pronounced [ˈvidin]) is a port city on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Romania and Serbia, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin (since 870).

An industrial, agricultural, and trade centre, Vidin has a fertile hinterland renowned for its wines.
United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1960
The United Kingdom was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1960 with the song "Looking High, High, High", written by John Watson, and performed by Bryan Johnson. The British participating broadcaster, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), selected its entry through the Eurovision Song Contest British Final. In addition, the BBC was also the host broadcaster and staged the event at the Royal Festival Hall in London, after the winner of the previous edition, Nederlandse Televisie Stichting (NTS) from the Netherlands, opted not to host the event.

Pearl Carr and Teddy Johnson
Pearl Lavinia Carr (2 November 1921 – 16 February 2020) and Edward Victor "Teddy" Johnson (4 September 1919 – 6 June 2018) were English husband-and-wife entertainers who were best-known during the 1950s and early 1960s. They were the UK's Eurovision entrants at the 1959 contest with "Sing, Little Birdie", which came second.
Mount Noice
Mount Noice (73°17′S 164°40′E﻿ / ﻿73.283°S 164.667°E﻿ / -73.283; 164.667) is a mountain (2,780 m) surmounting the southwest edge of Deception Plateau, 8 nautical miles (15 km) south of Mount Overlord, in Victoria Land. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Gary E. Noice, U.S. Navy, navigator with Squadron VX-6 at McMurdo Station, 1966.

The mountain is part of the Melbourne Volcanic Province of the McMurdo Volcanic Group. K–Ar or Rb–Sr dating has given an age of 6.38 ± 0.08 million years for Mount Noice obsidian and pantellerite.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
Golden Swing
The Golden Swing is a series of four tennis tournaments that are part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tour, held every February in Latin America. The four tournaments have been termed the ‘Golden Swing’ in honour of Chilean Olympic gold medalists Nicolas Massú and Fernando González.

The series began in 2001, linking four tournaments in Latin America: Viña del Mar (Chile), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Costa do Sauípe (Brazil) and Acapulco (Mexico).

Since the series started in 2001, no player has won more than two titles in one year.

Nicolás Massú
Nicolás Alejandro Massú Fried (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas maˈsu]; born 10 October 1979), nicknamed El Vampiro (Spanish, 'the vampire'), is a Chilean tennis coach and a former professional player. A former world No. 9 in singles, he won the singles and doubles gold medals at the 2004 Athens Olympics. He is the only man to have won both gold medals at the same Games since the re-introduction of Olympic tennis in 1988, and they were the first two Chile's Olympic gold medals. Massú also reached the final of the 2003 Madrid Masters and won six singles titles. He was the coach of 2020 US Open champion and former world No. 3 Dominic Thiem from 2019 to 2023. He is currently the coach of Hubert Hurkacz.
Czepiec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Czepiec [ˈt͡ʂɛpjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziszów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Sędziszów, 29 km (18 mi) south-west of Jędrzejów, and 63 km (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów County
Jędrzejów County (Polish: powiat jędrzejowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Jędrzejów, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Sędziszów, lying 18 km (11 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and Małogoszcz, 21 km (13 mi) north of Jędrzejów.

The county covers an area of 1,257.17 square kilometres (485.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 84,049, out of which the population of Jędrzejów is 15,076, that of Sędziszów is 6,451, that of Małogoszcz is 3,748, and the rural population is 58,774.
Aerotécnica AC-14
The Aerotécnica AC-14 was a Spanish five-seat light helicopter of the 1950s, designed by Jean Cantinieau, based on enlarging his Nord Norelfe design.

The AC-14 continued the Cantinieau practice of mounting the engine forward of the main rotor, and like the Norelfe, used the ducted exhaust from the turboshaft to counter the torque of the main rotor at low speeds, while at high speeds the exhaust gases were deflected rearwards to increase speed, torque being compensated for by movable twin tail fins.

The first of prototype flew on 16 July 1957. The Spanish Air Force placed a pre-production order for ten machines where they served for a short time under the designation EC-XZ-4. No full production ensued, as they were much more expensive than second-hand Bell 47G-2 and G-3s.

Bell 47
The Bell 47 is a single-rotor single-engine light helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It was based on the third Bell 30 prototype, which was the company's first helicopter designed by Arthur M. Young. The 47 became the first helicopter certified for civilian use on 8 March 1946. The first civilian delivery was made on 31 December 1946 to Helicopter Air Transport. More than 5,600 Bell 47s were produced, including those under license by Agusta in Italy, Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan, and Westland Aircraft in the United Kingdom. The Bell 47J Ranger is a modified version with a fully enclosed cabin and tail boom.
Judiciary of Malawi
The Judiciary of Malawi is the branch of the Government of Malawi which interprets and applies the laws of Malawi to ensure equal justice under law and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Malawi is based on English law, modified since 1969. The Constitution defines the judiciary as a hierarchical system of courts, with the highest court being a Supreme Court of Appeal, together with a High Court and a number of magistrates' courts. Malawian judiciary has frequently demonstrated its independence in recent years. The Constitutional Court of Malawi nullified the 2019 election results, citing widespread irregularities. The Supreme Court upheld the verdict of the Constitutional Court. Five Constitutional Court judges who overturned the results of the 2019 election won the 2020 Chatham House Prize.

Orton Chirwa
Orton Chirwa (30 January 1919 – 20 October 1992) was a lawyer and political leader in colonial Nyasaland and after independence became Malawi's Minister of Justice and Attorney General. After a dispute with Malawi's autocratic President Hastings Kamuzu Banda, he and his wife Vera were exiled.  After being kidnapped abroad they were tried in Malawi on charges of treason and sentenced to death. Amnesty International named the couple prisoners of conscience. After spending nearly eleven years on death row in Malawi, Orton Chirwa died in prison on 20 October 1992.
Isomorphism of categories
In category theory, two categories C and D are isomorphic if there exist functors F : C → D and G : D → C that are mutually inverse to each other, i.e. FG = 1D (the identity functor on D) and GF = 1C. This means that both the objects and the morphisms of C and D stand in a one-to-one correspondence with each other. Two isomorphic categories share all properties defined solely in category theory; for all practical purposes, they are identical and differ only in the notation of their objects and morphisms.

Isomorphism of categories is a strong condition and is rarely satisfied in practice. Much more important is the notion of equivalence of categories; roughly speaking, for an equivalence of categories, we don't require that  be equal to , but only naturally isomorphic to , and likewise that  be naturally isomorphic to .

Preadditive category
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, a preadditive category is 
another name for an Ab-category, i.e., a category that is enriched over the category of abelian groups,  .
That is, an Ab-category   is a category such that
every hom-set  in  has the structure of an abelian group, and composition of morphisms is bilinear, in the sense that composition of morphisms distributes over the group operation.
In formulas:

and

where + is the group operation.

Some authors have used the term additive category for preadditive categories, but this article reserves that term for certain special preadditive categories (see § Special cases below).
Samuel Watts
Samuel Watts (born March 14, 1948) is an American former professional basketball player. He played in the American Basketball Association for the Pittsburgh Condors during the 1970–71 season. In his ABA career he scored 281 points. In September 1971, Watts attempted to play his way onto the NBA's Chicago Bulls final roster but was released on waivers during the preseason.

Prior to playing professionally, Watts played at Northwest Mississippi Community College, Florida A&M University, and the University of Great Falls ( now the University of Providence) (1968–70).

Pittsburgh Condors
The Pittsburgh Condors were a professional basketball team in the original American Basketball Association (ABA). Originally called the Pittsburgh Pipers, they were a charter franchise of the ABA and captured the first league title. The team played their home games in Pittsburgh's Civic Arena.
Biters (band)
Biters were a rock band from Atlanta, Georgia. The band was formed in 2009 developing from the band Poison Arrows. Biters released 4 EPs from 2010 to 2012 before they signed to independent record label Earache Records in 2015 and released their debut LP, Electric Blood on August 7 of the same year. Their final album The Future Ain't What It Used To Be came out in 2017.

Their main influences included bands such as Cheap Trick, David Bowie, Alice Cooper, New York Dolls, Thin Lizzy, Dead Boys, Slade, Sweet, The Boys, The Scruffs etc. They received significant credit from people such as Nikki Sixx, from Mötley Crüe.  Biters were also featured in Classic Rock Magazine several times. and were called a "bite-sized slice of retro rock'n'roll debauchery.".  In addition to Classic Rock, they were featured in other notable websites such as Team Rock, Planet Rock, 50Thirdand3rd.com, Gaffa, OUIFM, Soundscape and Alternative Press

On October 21, 2018, they announced their indefinite hiatus.

Planet Rock (radio station)
Planet Rock is a British digital radio station and network owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK. The station broadcasts classic rock music.

As of December 2024, the station has a weekly audience of 956,000 listeners according to RAJAR.