hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lhasa Middle School
Lhasa Middle School of the Tibet Autonomous Region (Chinese: 西藏自治区拉萨中学, Wylie: lha sa slob 'bring, ZWPY: ལྷ་ས་སློབ་འབྲིང་) is an autonomous regionally-run middle school of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, the first middle school in the history of Tibet, and is now directly under the Department of Education of the TAR, and is a modernized, general middle school. The middle school is located on West Linkor Road in Lhasa.

Tibetan pinyin
The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Standard Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin or ZWPY (Chinese: 藏文拼音; pinyin: Zàngwén Pīnyīn), is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. It is based on the pronunciation used by China National Radio's Tibetan Radio, which is based on the Lhasa dialect. It has been used within China and international cartographic products as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script since 1982.

Tibetan pinyin is a phonetic transcription, and as such its spelling is tied to actual pronunciation (although tone is not marked). Wylie on the other hand is a transliteration system, where mechanical conversion to and from Tibetan and Latin script is possible. Within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with a v replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.
Close studding
Close studding is a form of timber work used in timber-framed buildings in which vertical timbers (studs) are set close together, dividing the wall into narrow panels. Rather than being a structural feature, the primary aim of close studding is to produce an impressive front.

Close studding first appeared in England in the 13th century and was commonly used there from the mid-15th century until the end of the 17th century. It was also common in France from the 15th century.

Lavenham
Lavenham is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is noted for its Guildhall, Little Hall, 15th-century church, half-timbered medieval cottages and circular walks. In the medieval period it was among the twenty wealthiest settlements in England. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1722.
Photopigment
Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light. The term is generally applied to the non-protein chromophore moiety of photosensitive chromoproteins, such as the pigments involved in photosynthesis and photoreception. In medical terminology, "photopigment" commonly refers to the photoreceptor proteins of the retina.

Moiety (chemistry)
In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/ MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them. Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.

A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.

The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.
Unterperfuss
Unterperfuss is a municipality in the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 15 km west of Innsbruck and is one of the smallest villages of Tyrol. The area is restricted in the north by the Inn River and in the east by the Melach River. Unterperfuss has many facilities for horse-riding.

Inn (river)
The Inn (German pronunciation: [ɪn] ⓘ; Latin: Aenus; Romansh: En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The 518 km (322 mi) long river is a right tributary of the Danube, being the third largest tributary of the Danube by discharge. The highest point of its drainage basin is the summit of Piz Bernina at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The Engadine, the valley of the En, is the only Swiss valley whose waters end up in the Black Sea (via the Danube).
Merrimac Butte
Merrimac Butte is a 5,627-foot (1,715-metre) sandstone summit located in Grand County, Utah, United States, about 12 miles northwest of the town of Moab. Merrimac Butte is a thin, 200–600-foot-wide and 1,600-foot-long east-to-west butte with 200-foot-tall vertical Entrada Sandstone walls overlaying a Carmel Formation base.

Monitor Butte is situated immediately east of Merrimac Butte. The two buttes were named after the Monitor and Merrimack, two ironclad steamships known for clashing during the American Civil War. They can be seen from Highway 313 after it climbs out of Sevenmile Canyon en route to the Island in the Sky section of Canyonlands National Park or Dead Horse Point State Park.

Moab, Utah
Moab (/ˈmoʊ.æb/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Grand County in eastern Utah in the western United States, known for its dramatic scenery. The population was 5,366 at the 2020 census. Moab attracts many tourists annually, mostly visitors to the nearby Arches and Canyonlands National Parks. The town is a popular base for mountain bikers who ride the extensive network of trails including the Slickrock Trail, and for off-roaders who come for the annual Moab Jeep Safari.

Moab is home to one of the nine regional campuses of Utah State University.
Op. 61
In music, Op. 61 stands for Opus number 61. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Violin Concerto

Britten – Sechs Hölderlin-Fragmente

Chopin – Polonaise-Fantaisie

Dvořák – String Quartet No. 11

Elgar – Violin Concerto

Giuliani - Grand Overture

Rautavaara – Cantus Arcticus

Saint-Saëns – Violin Concerto No. 3

Sallinen – Kullervo

Schumann – Symphony No. 2

Shostakovich – Piano Sonata No. 2

Spohr – String Quartet No. 18

Tchaikovsky – Orchestral Suite No. 4 Mozartiana

Kullervo (Sallinen)
Kullervo is an opera in two acts, Op. 61, composed by Aulis Sallinen to his own libretto based on the story of Kullervo in the Finnish epic Kalevala. The opera premiered on 25 February 1992 at the Los Angeles Music Center.
Invasion of Banu Nadir
The invasion of Banu Nadir took place in May 625 CE (Rabi' al-awwal, AH) 4. The account is related in Surah Al-Hashr (Chapter 59 - The Gathering) which describes the banishment of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir, who were expelled from Medina when believed to be plotting to assassinate the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum
Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (Arabic: الرحيق المختوم; transl. The Sealed Nectar) is a seerah book (biography of Prophet Muhammad) by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri. It was awarded first prize by the Muslim World League in a worldwide competition of biographies of Prophet Muhammad held in Mecca in 1979. The title of the book means "The Sealed Nectar", a reference to verse 25 of Surah 83 (Mutaffifin) of the Quran. The book has been highly popular in the Muslim world.
Clyde Biggers
Clyde W. Biggers (March 6, 1925 – December 23, 1976) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Catawba College from 1953 to 1958 and at Eastern Illinois University from 1965 to 1971, compiling a career college football record of 45–70–6. Biggers was then the athletic director at University of Nebraska Omaha from 1971 to 1974 and at the University of Richmond from 1974 until his death in 1976.

Biggers played football and baseball at Catawba College, from which he graduated in 1948. He coached football at Fayetteville High School in Fayetteville, North Carolina before serving as the line coach for the football team at East Carolina College—now East Carolina University—in 1952. Between his tenures as head coach at Catawba and Eastern Illinois, Biggers was an assistant coach at the University of South Carolina. He died of a heart attack at his home in Richmond, Virginia on December 23, 1976.

Eastern Illinois University
Eastern Illinois University (EIU, Eastern) is a comprehensive public university in Charleston, Illinois, United States. Established in 1895, EIU offers a broad range of curricula leading to bachelor's and master's degrees within its four Colleges (Arts and Sciences, Business and Technology, Education, and Health & Human Services).
East District School
The East District School is a historic school building at 365 Washington Street in Norwich, Connecticut, built in 1798. It is significant as a rare and well-preserved 18th-century schoolhouse, and as the location of an evening school for adults established by Consider Sterry, author of an early guide to practical navigation.  The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and is a contributing property to the Norwichtown Historic District.

Norwich, Connecticut
Norwich (/ˈnɔːrwɪtʃ/ NOR-wich) is a city in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The Yantic, Shetucket, and Quinebaug Rivers flow into the city and form its harbor, from which the Thames River flows south to Long Island Sound. The city is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 40,125 at the 2020 United States Census.
Horace Patch
Horace D. Patch (August 7, 1814 – June 22, 1862) was an American politician.

Born in Onondaga County, New York, Patch went to Cazenovia Academy. He then practiced law in Ohio. In 1843, Patch moved to Whitewater and then to Calamus, Wisconsin Territory. He then moved to Beaver Dam, Wisconsin in 1848 and practiced law. He served in the first Wisconsin Constitutional Convention of 1846 as a Democrat. He also served in local government offices. Patch then served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1852. In 1861, Patch recruited the 16th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War, where he served as a captain. He was wounded in the Battle of Pittsburg Landing and died in Corinth, Mississippi as a result of his wounds.

Beaver Dam, Wisconsin
Beaver Dam is a city in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States, along Beaver Dam Lake and the Beaver Dam River. The population was 16,708 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city primarily located in Dodge County. It is the principal city of the Beaver Dam Micropolitan Statistical area which is included in the larger Milwaukee–Waukesha–Racine CSA. The city is adjacent to the Town of Beaver Dam.
State Rail Authority
The State Rail Authority, a former statutory authority of the Government of New South Wales, operated and maintained railways in the Australian state of New South Wales from July 1980 until December 2003.

Statutory body
A statutory body or statutory authority is a body set up by law (statute) that is authorised to implement certain legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state, sometimes by being empowered or delegated to set rules (for example regulations or statutory instruments) in their field. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries like Australia, Canada, India and New Zealand. They are also found in Hong Kong, Israel and elsewhere. Statutory authorities may also be statutory corporations, if created as a body corporate.
Hugh Fletcher (footballer)
Hugh Malcolm Fletcher (8 April 1933 - 25 January 2023) was a Scottish professional footballer who played for Carlisle United in the Football League.

Fletcher was born in Lochgilphead, Argyll, and began his football career with his local club, Lochgilphead F.C. He signed for Celtic, but never played for the first team, and moved south of the border to join Third Division North club Carlisle United ahead of the 1956–57 season. Although primarily a full back, Fletcher was sometimes used in a more forward position, and in his third season with Carlisle, he finished as the club's top scorer, with 19 goals in all competitions, 17 in the league. He remained with Carlisle until the 1961–62 season, finishing with 18 goals from 124 league appearances.

Lochgilphead
Lochgilphead (/lɒxˈɡɪlphɛd/; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Loch Gilb [kʲʰan̪ˠ l̪ˠɔx ˈkʲilip]) is a town and former burgh in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, with a population of around 2,300 people. It is the administrative centre of Argyll and Bute Council. The village lies at the end of Loch Gilp (a branch of Loch Fyne) and lies on the banks of the Crinan Canal. Lochgilphead sits on the A83, with Ardrishaig 2 miles (3 km) to the south and Inveraray 24 miles (39 km) to the north-east; Oban lies 37 miles (60 km) north on the A816.

The council is based at Kilmory Castle, around which is located a woodland park and an Iron Age fort. Forestry and Land Scotland also have an office there.
Chapter house
A chapter house or chapterhouse is a building or room that is part of a cathedral, monastery or collegiate church in which meetings are held. When attached to a cathedral, the cathedral chapter meets there.  In monasteries, the whole community often met there daily for readings and to hear the abbot or senior monks talk. When attached to a collegiate church, the dean, prebendaries and canons of the college meet there. The rooms may also be used for other meetings of various sorts; in medieval times monarchs on tour in their territory would often take them over for their meetings and audiences. Synods, ecclesiastical courts and similar meetings often took place in chapter houses.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
King Street, Kilmarnock
King Street is the principal business street in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland. King Street runs from the Kilmarnock Cross over the Kilmarnock Water and on to the junction with Titchfield Street. In recent years, proposals have surfaced to demolish some of the privately owned premises on King Street in order to open the street up to views of the Kilmarnock Water. Modern sculptures by Shona Kinloch currently line King Street.

River Irvine
The River Irvine (Scottish Gaelic: Irbhinn) is a river that flows through southwest Scotland. Its watershed is on the Lanarkshire border of Ayrshire at an altitude of 810 feet (250 m) above sea-level, near Loudoun Hill, Drumclog, and 7 miles (11 kilometres) SW by W of Strathaven. It flows 29+1⁄2 mi (47.5 km) westward, dividing the old district of Cunninghame from that of Kyle, until it reaches the sea via Irvine Harbour in the form of the Firth of Clyde, and flows into Irvine Bay by the town of Irvine. It has many tributaries, some of which form parish, district and other boundaries.
Microteras
Microteras (/ˌmaɪkroʊˈtɛrəs/) is a genus of scincomorph squamate from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America.  Microteras was named in 2022 by a team of authors including Chase Brownstein, Dalton Meyer, Metteo Fabbri, Anjan Bhullar, and Jacques Gauthier.  In the same publication, they named the related taxon, Eoscincus.  The binomial name (M. borealis) is composed of several Ancient Greek words and roughly means "small wonder of the North".

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Baltupis
The Baltupis is a river of  Kėdainiai district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 4.8 kilometres and has a basin area of 2.7 km². It is a tributary of the Nevėžis River. The Baltupis goes on the edge between Sirutiškis village and the northern limit of Kėdainiai (Babėnai).

The name Baltupis means 'white river' in Lithuainian.

Babėnai
Babėnai (formerly Polish: Bobiany, Russian: Бабяны) is a northern part of the Kėdainiai city, located in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. It is between the Nevėžis and Dotnuvėlė rivers, by the road to Krekenava and Vilnius-Šiauliai railway. There are Babėnai park and pond, oil repository, old cemetery, Holocaust place and the old Daukša oak tree.
Cambaroididae
Cambaroididae is a family of crayfish. It contains two genera, the extant Cambaroides, known from a number of species living in East Asia, and the extinct Palaeocambarus, known from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) Yixian Formation of China.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
IMOD
IMOD can mean:

Interferometric modulator display - a Qualcomm display technology.

iPod - Apple iPod Modification

Kaavo imod - Cloud Computing Management Application by Kaavo

IMOD (software) - a set of programs used to visualize, reconstruct and segment microscopy images.

Ministry of Defense (Israel) - Israeli Ministry of Defense.

Ministry of Defense (Israel)
The Ministry of Defense (Hebrew: משרד הביטחון, romanized: Misrad HaBitahon, lit. 'Ministry of Security', acronym: Hebrew: משהב"ט) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending the State of Israel from internal and external military threats. Its political head is the defense minister of Israel, and its offices are located in HaKirya, Tel Aviv.

The Ministry of Defense oversees most of the Israeli security forces, including the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Military Industries (IMI), and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).

The ministry was established when the British Mandate of Palestine ended, and the British Army departed Palestine and the State of Israel was formed. This ended the rag-tag militia units during British rule and gave way to the formal defense of the Jewish state.
Ventricular flutter
Ventricular flutter is an arrhythmia, more specifically a tachycardia affecting the ventricles with a rate over 250-350 beats/min, and one of the most indiscernible. It is characterized on the ECG by a sinusoidal waveform without clear definition of the QRS and T waves. It has been considered as a possible transition stage between ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, and is a critically unstable arrhythmia that can result in sudden cardiac death.

It can occur in infancy, youth, or as an adult.

It can be induced by programmed electrical stimulation.

Medical emergency
A medical emergency is an acute injury or illness that poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long-term health, sometimes referred to as a situation risking "life or limb". These emergencies may require assistance from another, qualified person, as some of these emergencies, such as cardiovascular (heart), respiratory, and gastrointestinal cannot be dealt with by the victim themselves. Dependent on the severity of the emergency, and the quality of any treatment given, it may require the involvement of multiple levels of care, from first aiders through emergency medical technicians, paramedics, emergency physicians and anesthesiologists.

Any response to an emergency medical situation will depend strongly on the situation, the patient involved, and availability of resources to help them. It will also vary depending on whether the emergency occurs whilst in hospital under medical care, or outside medical care (for instance, in the street or alone at home).
Puckridge (automobile)
The Puckridge is a cyclecar built in 1904 in Port Lincoln, South Australia by bicycle maker F. B. Puckridge. Puckridge used as the basis for his vehicle a three-wheeler owned by his neighbour, a Dr. Kinmont. Kinmont had been injured when the three-wheeler toppled over on a bend and wanted a more stable vehicle.

Puckridge took the three-wheeler apart and built a four-wheel vehicle, using the original 2.75 hp single-cylinder De Dion engine. He added a two-speed belt-drive transmission, tiller steering, gas lighting, and fan cooling. An unusual feature was the starter system, which involved pulling a chain through a hole in the floorboards to rotate the engine.

Air cooling
Air cooling is a method of dissipating heat. It works by expanding the surface area or increasing the flow of air over the object to be cooled, or both. An example of the former is to add cooling fins to the surface of the object, either by making them integral or by attaching them tightly to the object's surface (to ensure efficient heat transfer). In the case of the latter, it is done by using a fan blowing air into or onto the object one wants to cool. The addition of fins to a heat sink increases its total surface area, resulting in greater cooling effectiveness. There are two types of cooling pads that can be used for air cooling: one is the honeycomb design and another one is excelsior.

In all cases, the air has to be cooler than the object or surface from which it is expected to remove heat. This is due to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat will only move spontaneously from a hot reservoir (the heat sink) to a cold reservoir (the air).
Christian Vater (social entrepreneur)
Christian Vater (born November 15, 1974) is the founder of the independent German charitable foundation Deutschland rundet auf (Germany rounds up). Born in Berlin, Vater is a social entrepreneur since 2009. Previously, he worked as a music manager.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Mark E. Casse
Mark E. Casse (born February 14, 1961) is a Thoroughbred racehorse trainer whose most notable horses include 2015 American champion turf mare Tepin and Canadian Horses of the Year Sealy Hill (2007), Uncaptured (2012), Lexie Lou (2014), Catch A Glimpse (2015) and Wonder Gadot. He has won thirteen Sovereign Awards for outstanding trainer in Canada and has been the leading trainer at Woodbine Racetrack 14 times. In 2019, he won his first American Classic with War of Will in the Preakness Stakes.

2019 Preakness Stakes
The 2019 Preakness Stakes was the 144th running of the Preakness Stakes, the second leg of the American Triple Crown. It was held on May 18, 2019, at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. The Preakness is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds at a distance of 1+3⁄16 miles (1.9 km) with a record high purse of $1,650,000. The race was broadcast on NBC from 5:00 pm to 7:15 pm EDT with coverage of the undercard on NBCSN starting at 2:30 pm. The race was won by War of Will, who had finished seventh in the Kentucky Derby. The Maryland Jockey Club reported a total attendance of 131,256, the second highest attendance for American thoroughbred racing events in North America during 2019.