hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1835 in birding and ornithology
.

The Beagle lands at the Galápagos Islands and Charles Darwin collects the finches which bear his name.

Carl Jakob Sundevall develops a phylogeny for the birds in Lärobok i zoologien (Handbook of Zoology). This is based on the muscles of the hip and leg.

Frédéric de Lafresnaye describes the magpie mannikin and the cactus wren in Revue et magasin de zoologie (founded by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville.

Death of Alexander Collie

Death of Carl Wilhelm Hahn

Alexander von Nordmann describes spotted redshank in Reise um die erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden oceane in den jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt

1835-1839 Philip Barker Webb, Sabin Berthelot and Alfred Moquin-Tandon begin  L'Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries published in Paris

Charles Thorold Wood publishes The Ornithological Guide

Thomas Barwick Lloyd Baker publishes An Ornithological Index

Charles Thorold Wood
Charles Thorold Wood, senior (15 January 1777 – 13 March 1852) was an English army officer and country gentleman whose sons Charles Thorold Wood, junior (1817–1849) and Neville Wood (1818–25 March 1886) were ornithologists. Several accounts have confounded him with his namesake son who wrote The Ornithological Guide (1835). Charles junior also wrote under the initials S.D.W. Neville wrote two books including British Song Birds (1836) which was dedicated to Edward Blyth, and The ornithologists' text-book (1836) dedicated to John Latham.
Unity Baptist Church
Unity Baptist Church is a historic African American Baptist church at Sumter and Hart Streets in Kershaw, Lancaster County, South Carolina. It was built in 1910, and is a Late Gothic Revival style frame church building.  Also on the property are the contributing church's parsonage and its privy.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Lancaster County, South Carolina
Lancaster County /ˈlæŋkəstər/ is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 96,016, Its county seat is Lancaster, which has an urban population of 23,979. The county was created in 1785. Lancaster County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Piedmont region.
Ullikummi
In Hurrian mythology, Ullikummi is a giant stone monster, son of Kumarbi and the sea god's daughter, Sertapsuruhi, or a female cliff. The language of the literary myth in its existing redaction is Hittite, in cuneiform texts recovered at Bogaskoy, where some Hurrian fragments of the Song of Ullikummi have been found. See Guterbock (1951).

The Song of Ullikummi was recognized from its first rediscovery as a predecessor of Greek myths in Hesiod. Parallels to the Greek myth of Typhon, the ancient antagonist of the thunder-god Zeus, have been elucidated by Burkert. The Song possesses information on the Hittite creation myth, including the idea that there was a separation of heaven and earth in the primordial past, before which, the two were united.

Hesiod
Hesiod (/ˈhiːsiəd/ HEE-see-əd or /ˈhɛsiəd/ HEH-see-əd; Ancient Greek: Ἡσίοδος Hēsíodos; fl. c. 700 BC) was an Ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.

Several of Hesiod's works have survived in their entirety. Among these are Theogony, which tells the origins of the gods, their lineages, and the events that led to Zeus's rise to power, and Works and Days, a poem that describes the five Ages of Man, offers advice and wisdom, and includes myths such as Pandora's box.

Hesiod is generally regarded by Western authors as 'the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as an individual persona with an active role to play in his subject.' Ancient authors credited Hesiod and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs. Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought, Archaic Greek astronomy, cosmology, and ancient time-keeping.
Howl of a Protest campaign
The Howl of a Protest campaign were a series of peaceful protests in New Zealand which occurred on the 16 July 2021. The protests were organised by the farming advocacy group Groundswell NZ in opposition to the Government's new and proposed freshwater regulations, winter grazing rules, indigenous biodiversity regulations, and vehicle emissions feebate scheme (known by the group as the "Ute tax"). The scheme was particularly contentious among farmers, tradespersons and the agricultural sector since it proposed adding a fee up to $5,000 on motor vehicles with high tailpipe emissions in order to fund electric vehicle subsidies.

Cars and tractors used in the protests would particularly display signs showing opposition to Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, Government funding of Mongrel Mob affiliated rehabilitation programmes, and a vehicle emissions feebate scheme popularised as a "ute tax".

Greymouth
Greymouth (/ˈɡreɪmaʊθ/) (Māori: Māwhera) is the largest town in the West Coast region in the South Island of New Zealand, and the seat of the Grey District Council. The population of the whole Grey District is 14,600, which accounts for 42% of the West Coast's inhabitants. The Greymouth urban area had an estimated population of 8,610 (June 2025). A large proportion of the District, 65%, is part of the Conservation Estate owned and managed by the Department of Conservation making Greymouth a natural centre for walkers and trampers.
Anuj Saxena
Dr. Anuj Saxena (born 31 July 1967) is an Indian actor, film producer and businessman.

Saxena made his acting debut in 1993 in the comedy TV series Dekh Bhai Dekh. He became famous for his role of Abhay Kapoor in Sony Entertainment Television's  serial Kkusum and has appeared in sixteen TV serials including Kshitij, Karm and Aasmaan Se Aagay. His first film appearance was in Chase in 2010. In 2005, he launched his own production house, Maverick Productions.

He married Ishmit Dhadial in 2004, but the couple divorced a year later in 2005.

Saxena is also the COO of pharmaceutical company Elder Pharmaceuticals, and was involved in a cheque bounce and fraud case related to the company. A bureaucrat, B.K. Bansal, investigating Elder Pharma fraud committed suicide in September 2016. The company had tried to bribe him earlier. Saxena is wanted by investigating agency CBI in the case, and a non-bailable warrant was issued by court for him in October 2016.

Central Bureau of Investigation
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the domestic crime investigating agency of India. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Originally set up to investigate bribery and governmental corruption, in 1965 it received expanded jurisdiction to investigate breaches of central laws enforceable by the Government of India, multi-state organised crime, multi-agency or international cases. CBI is exempted from the provisions of the Right to Information Act. CBI is India's officially designated single point of contact to act as the liaison with Interpol. The CBI headquarter is  located in CGO Complex, near Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi.
CPU shim
A CPU shim (also called CPU spacer) is a shim used between the CPU and the heat sink in a computer. Shims make it easier and less risky to mount a heatsink on the processor because it stabilizes the heatsink, preventing accidental damaging of the fragile CPU packaging. They help distribute weight evenly over the surface.

CPU shims are usually made of thin and very flat aluminium or copper. Copper has good heat dissipation capacity but is electrically conductive. CPU shims should be non-conductive to prevent any accidental short circuiting. Aluminium shims are often anodized, which makes them non-conductive and improves their appearance (see case modding). It is also very important that the shim is the proper thickness. If it is too thick then the heatsink will not make contact with the CPU, resulting in poor cooling and possibly overheating.

Most shims are CNC manufactured, often using laser cutting. Cheaper ones may be pressed or stamped which could make them less accurate.

Case modding
Case modification, commonly referred to as case modding, is the modification of a computer case or a video game console chassis. Modifying a computer case in any non-standard way is considered a case mod.  Modding is done, particularly by hardware enthusiasts, to show off a computer's apparent power by showing off the internal hardware, and also to make it look aesthetically pleasing to the owner.

Cases may also be modified to improve a computer's performance; this is usually associated with cooling and involves changes to components as well as the case.
Nucleus of the posterior commissure
The nucleus of the posterior commissure is one of the accessory oculomotor nuclei situated in the mesencephalon (midbrain) at its junction with the diencephalon. It is involved in coordinating head-eye movements (particularly vertical conjugate eye movements (gaze)). It is situated near the oculomotor nucleus. It is thought to receive afferents from the ipsilateral cerebellum.

Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
Flux (political party)
Flux, also known as Flux the System! and Liberals For Climate - The Flux Network, was a political party and movement that aimed to replace the world's elected legislatures with a new system known as issue-based direct democracy (IBDD). Flux originated in and was most active in Australia, but also had groups existing in the United States and Brazil.

IBDD is similar to liquid democracy, though there are differences. In IBDD, voters would still have the right to vote directly on every issue or delegate their vote to someone else, but unlike in liquid democracy, voters can choose to forgo votes on one issue to use on another issue. This creates opportunity cost between issues and allows voters to specialise their votes on the issues that are more important to them. This specialisation of votes aims to allow citizens to participate effectively in issue-based direct democracy without having to focus on every issue as they would in a regular direct democracy.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Rob Donoghue
Rob Donoghue is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games.  Together with Fred Hicks he created the Fate system and has been designer or lead designer of numerous award-winning role playing games.  He was a lead designer of the role-playing games Spirit of the Century and a designer of The Dresden Files Roleplaying Game, and has also worked closely with Cam Banks on the Cortex Plus games, a lead designer for Leverage: The Roleplaying Game, and as a designer for Marvel Heroic Roleplaying.  He has also contributed to Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition publications.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Harry Keegan
Harry Keegan (born 12 January 1952) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played as a corner back for the Roscommon senior team.

Keegan made his debut for Roscommon in 1972 in a league game against Kilkenny, and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement in 1988.

During that time he won five Connacht Senior Football Championship medals, as well as three All-Star awards: in 1978, 1980 and 1986.

Keegan also won a National Football League medal in 1979, though injury prevented him from playing against Cork in the final.

Cork county football team
The Cork county football team represents Cork in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Cork GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Munster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Cork's home ground is Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork. The current manager is John Cleary.

Cork was the third Munster county both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final, following Limerick and Tipperary. The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2012, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2010 and the National League in 2012.
Emanuel Synagogue (Sydney)
Emanuel Synagogue, founded as The Congregation of the Temple Emanuel in 1938, is a Pluralist synagogue in Woollahra, New South Wales, Australia. Emanuel Woollahra Preschool (founded as Temple Emanuel Kindy in 1956) is located on the synagogue campus. Emanuel Synagogue is the largest congregation in Australia with more than 3,500 members offering programs and services across the Progressive, Masorti and Renewal streams of Judaism.

Australia's well-known General, Paul Cullen, was instrumental in the temple's founding, including helping to select its first rabbi.

In May 2018, the synagogue was the first Australian Jewish synagogue to host a gay wedding.

Jewish Renewal
Jewish Renewal (Hebrew: התחדשות יהודית, romanized: Hitḥadeshut Yehudit) is a Jewish religious movement originating in the 20th century that endeavors to reinvigorate modern Judaism with Kabbalistic, Hasidic, and musical practices. Specifically, it seeks to reintroduce the "ancient Judaic traditions of mysticism and meditation, gender equality and ecstatic prayer" to synagogue services. It is distinct from the baal teshuva movement of "return" to religious observance of Orthodox Judaism.
Stryker High School
Stryker High School is a public high school in Stryker, Ohio.  It is the only high school in the Stryker Local Schools district.  Their nickname is the Panthers.  They are members of the Ohio High School Athletic Association in the Buckeye Border Conference

Buckeye Border Conference
The Buckeye Border Conference is a high school athletic league located in extreme northwest Ohio.  The conference sponsors basketball, cross country, golf, and track and field for both boys and girls.  In addition, baseball is sponsored for the boys, and softball and volleyball are sponsored for the girls.
2015–16 League 2 (Iran)
2015–16 Iran Football's 2nd Division was the 15th under 2nd Division since its establishment (current format) in 2001. The season featured 25 teams from the 2nd Division 2014–15, seven new teams relegated from the 2014–15 Azadegan League: Tarbiat Novin, Naft Gachsaran, Niroo Zamini, Etka Gorgan, Sh. Bandar Abbas, Rahian Kermanshah, Esteghlal Ahvaz and four new teams promoted from the 3rd Division 2014–15: Moghavemat Tehran, Kara Shiraz, Shahrdari Mahshahr, Rahpouyan Rezvanshahr.

Rahian Kermanshah F.C.
Rahiyan Kermanshah Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال راهیان کرمانشاه) (formerly named Shirin Faraz) is an Iranian football club based in Kermanshah, Iran and compete in the Azadegan League. The club is in the private ownership of Farman Karimi.
Alo Jakin
Alo Jakin (born 14 November 1986) is an Estonian cyclist and coach, who most recently rode for Estonian amateur team Peloton. Jakin rode professionally between 2006 and 2007 and from 2014 to 2019; in his final professional season, Jakin won his second Estonian National Road Race Championships title and also won a silver medal in the road race at the European Games.

Cycling at the 2019 European Games
The cycling competitions of the 2019 European Games in Minsk were held at two venues, twenty-four events between 22 June and 30 June.

The venues were Minsk city centre for the road cycling road race and Minsk Arena Velodrome for the track cycling events.

Cycling competitions have been contested in both of the European Games since the first in 2015.
Fonfjord
Fonfjord (Greenlandic: Ujuaakajiip Kangertiva; Danish: Fønfjord, meaning 'Foehn Fjord') is a fjord in King Christian X Land, eastern Greenland.
This fjord is part of the Scoresby Sound system. Administratively it lies in the area of Sermersooq municipality.

Sermersooq
Sermersooq (Greenlandic pronunciation: [sɜm.mɜs.sɔːq̚]) is a municipality in Greenland, formed on 1 January 2009 from five previous, smaller municipalities, and is the largest municipality in the world by area. Its administrative seat is the city of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, and it is the most populous municipality in the country, with 24,229 inhabitants as of January 2025.
Islamic banking in Libya
Islamic banking in Libya is the provision of Islamic banking services in the North African country of Libya which is a majority Muslim country. As a Muslims country the laws are bent to the Islamic religion and Sharia law. Despite this Islamic banks are not well supported in the country.

The challenges in Islamic finance for all Muslim countries is to provide loans without charging interest. To provide loans without interest that could provide funding in the short term banks are faced with the problem of financing of consumer loans and the government deficit. All Sharia based Libyan banks have resorted to financing that delivers a predetermined return on investment to avoid the increased risk of short-term financing, and banks have only changed the name of their transactions. Banks that are based on the Sharia law do not have the support of the central Bank of Libya, and suffer from a lack of trained staff.

Central Bank of Libya
The Central Bank of Libya (CBL) is the monetary authority in Libya. It has the status of an autonomous corporate body. The law establishing the CBL stipulates that the objectives of the central bank shall be to maintain monetary stability in Libya and to promote the sustained growth of the economy in accordance with the general economic policy of the state.

The headquarters of the Central Bank are in Tripoli. However, to make the CBL services more accessible to commercial banks, branches and public departments located far from the headquarters. The CBL has three branches, located in Benghazi, Sabha and Sirte.
Caulfield Guineas Prelude
The Caulfield Guineas Prelude is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race for colts and geldings aged three years old, under set weights and penalties conditions over a distance of 1400 metres, held at Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in late September. Total prize money for the race is A$300,000. This event is a preparation race for the prestigious Group 1 Caulfield Guineas later in October at Caulfield.

Gelding
A gelding (/ˈɡɛldɪŋ/) is a castrated male horse or other equine, such as a pony, donkey or a mule. The term is also used with certain other animals and livestock, such as domesticated camels. The equivalent terms for castrated male cattle are steer or bullock, and wether for sheep and goats.

Castration renders the male animal calmer, better-behaved, less sexually aggressive, and more responsive to training efforts. This makes the animal generally more suitable as an everyday working animal, or as a pet in the case of companion animals. The gerund and participle "gelding" and the infinitive "to geld" refer to the castration procedure itself.
Divergence (computer science)
In computer science, a computation is said to diverge if it does not terminate or terminates in an exceptional state.: 377  Otherwise it is said to converge. In domains where computations are expected to be infinite, such as process calculi, a computation is said to diverge if it fails to be productive (i.e. to continue producing an action within a finite amount of time).

Process calculus
In computer science, the process calculi (or process algebras) are a diverse family of related approaches for formally modelling concurrent systems. Process calculi provides a tool for high-level descriptions of interactions, communications, and synchronizations between a collection of independent agents or processes. They provide algebraic laws that allow process descriptions to be manipulated and analyzed, and they also permit formal reasoning about equivalences between processes (e.g., using bisimulation). Leading examples of process calculi include  CSP, CCS, ACP, and LOTOS. More recent additions to the family include the π-calculus, the ambient calculus, PEPA, the fusion calculus and the join-calculus.
Euphorbia neriifolia
Euphorbia neriifolia, also known as Indian spurge tree, hedge Euphorbia, Oleander spurge and fleshy spurge, is a species of spurge native to India, which was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Leaves from the plant are used in traditional kajal making in West Bengal, India.

Kohl (cosmetics)
Kohl is a cosmetic product traditionally made by crushing stibnite (antimony sulfide). Modern kohl formulations often contain galena (lead sulfide), and in some cases charcoal or other pigments. Kohl is similar to eyeliner, which was traditionally made. Kohl is widely used in many cultures to contour or darken the eyelids and heighten beauty marks. Several studies have questioned the safety of kohl out of fear of lead poisoning. Importing galena kohl into the United States is banned.
North Greenwich (football ground)
North Greenwich was a football ground and the home of Millwall Athletic Football Club from 1901–1910, the team who went on to become Millwall. It was situated on the Isle of Dogs, East London. It was the fourth stadium that Millwall have occupied since their formation as a football club in 1885, and their last East London ground before they moved to South London. Millwall played 249 games in all competitions at North Greenwich, winning 153, losing 46 and with 50 drawn.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.