hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Women in Greece
The status and characteristics of ancient and modern-day women in Greece evolved from events that occurred in Greek history. In Michael Scott's article, "The Rise of Women in Ancient Greece" (History Today), the place of women and their achievements in Ancient Greece was best described by Thucidydes in this quotation: "The greatest glory [for women] is to be least talked about among men, whether in praise or blame." However, the status of Greek women underwent considerable change and advancement in the 20th century. In 1952, women received the right to vote, which led to their earning places and job positions in businesses and in the government of Greece; and they were able to maintain their right to inherit property, even after being married.

Government of Greece
The Government of Greece (Greek: Κυβέρνηση της Ελλάδας, romanized: Kyvérnīsī tīs Elládas), officially the Government of the Hellenic Republic (Κυβέρνηση της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Kyvérnīsī tīs Ellīnikī́s Dīmokratías) is the collective body of the Greek state responsible to define and direct the general policy of the country. It exercises the executive powers alongside the president of the republic and it is constituted by the cabinet (officially: ministerial council) which is composed by the prime minister, the ministers and the deputy ministers.

Other collective government bodies, apart from the Ministerial Council, are the Committee on Institutions, the Government Council for Foreign Affairs and Defence and others, which manage particular government policy issues.
1888 Massachusetts legislature
The 109th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1888 during the governorship of Oliver Ames. Halsey J. Boardman served as president of the Senate and Charles J. Noyes served as speaker of the House.

Notable legislation included incorporation of the Massachusetts chapter of the National Woman Suffrage Association.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Jeremy Deputat
Jeremy “JD” Deputat  (born December 2, 1976), is an American photographer and art director from Detroit, Michigan.

The Wayne State University graduate has worked with Kid Rock, Eminem, 50 Cent, Game, Reggie Bush, Anthony Bennett, Stephen Peterman, Olivier Francois, among others. His work has appeared in Rolling Stone, Vibe, Spin, XXL, Billboard, AdWeek, ESPN The Magazine and more. His commercial clients include Adidas, Atlantic Records, Interscope Records, Shady Records, Universal Music Group, Casio, Carhartt, Chrysler, Red Bull North America and more.

Deputat's first published book, titled I'm Kid Rock, What's Your Excuse?, was published in 2013.

Casio
Casio Computer Co., Ltd. (カシオ計算機株式会社, Kashio Keisanki Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturing corporation headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. Its products include calculators, mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic musical instruments, and analogue and digital watches. It was founded in 1946, and in 1957 introduced the first entirely compact electronic calculator. It was an early digital camera innovator, and during the 1980s and 1990s, the company developed numerous affordable home electronic keyboards for musicians along with introducing the first mass-produced digital watches.
Lucban longganisa
Lucban longganisa is a Filipino pork sausage originating from Lucban, Quezon. It is a type of de recado longganisa. It is characterized by its use of oregano and its garlicky and sour taste. It is made with coarse and lean pork, pork fat, coarse salt, onions, garlic, oregano, paprika, peppercorns, sugar, and vinegar. It can be prepared with or without the sausage casing.

Oregano
Oregano (US: /ɔːˈrɛɡənoʊ, ə-/, UK: /ˌɒrɪˈɡɑːnoʊ/; Origanum vulgare) is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It was native to the Mediterranean region, but widely naturalised elsewhere in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

Oregano is a woody perennial plant, growing to 90 cm (35 in) tall, with opposite leaves 1–4 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 in) long. The flowers which can be white, pink or light purple, are 3–4 mm (1⁄8–3⁄16 in) long, and produced in erect spikes in summer. It is sometimes called wild marjoram, while its close relative O. majorana is known as sweet marjoram. Both are widely used as culinary herbs, especially in Turkish, Greek, Spanish, Italian, Latin, and French cuisine. Oregano is also an ornamental plant, with numerous cultivars bred for varying leaf colour, flower colour and habit.
Ursuline High School (Youngstown, Ohio)
Ursuline High School is a private Catholic college preparatory high school in Youngstown, Ohio, United States. Athletic teams are known as the Fighting Irish and they compete as a member of the Ohio High School Athletic Association. It operates as part of the Diocese of Youngstown.

Ohio High School Athletic Association
The Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) is the governing body of athletic programs for junior and senior high schools in the U.S. state of Ohio. The OHSAA governs eligibility of student athletes, resolves disputes, organizes levels of competition by divisional separation of schools according to attendance population, and conducts state championship competitions in all the OHSAA-sanctioned sports.
2008 Davidoff Swiss Indoors
The 2008 Davidoff Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 39th edition of the event known that year as the Davidoff Swiss Indoors, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland, from 20 October through 26 October 2008.

The singles field was led by ATP No. 2, Olympic doubles gold medalist, US Open, Estoril and Halle titlist, two-time Basel defending champion Roger Federer, Buenos Aires and Stockholm winner David Nalbandian, and Stuttgart, Kitzbühel, Los Angeles and Washington titlist Juan Martín del Potro. Also lined up were Delray Beach and Houston runner-up James Blake, Doha and Rome Masters finalist Stanislas Wawrinka, Igor Andreev, Tomáš Berdych and Mardy Fish.

First-seeded and defending champion Roger Federer won the singles title.

2008 Copa Telmex
The 2008 Copa Telmex was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 11th edition of the event known that year as Copa Telmex, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from February 18 through February 24, 2008.

The singles field was led by ATP No. 11, 2007 Madrid Masters and 2007 Paris Masters champion David Nalbandian, Viña del Mar singles and doubles runner-up Juan Mónaco, and Costa do Sauípe finalist Carlos Moyá. Other seeds were 2007 US Open quarterfinalist Juan Ignacio Chela, Costa do Sauípe winner Nicolás Almagro, Igor Andreev, Potito Starace and Filippo Volandri.
Coney Island Derby
The Coney Island Derby was an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually between 1880 and 1888 at Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, New York. Open to three-year-old horses, it was contested at a mile and a half (12 furlongs) on dirt.

In 1881, future Hall of Fame inductee Hindoo won both the Coney Island Derby and the Kentucky Derby. That feat would be accomplished again in 1885 by the gelding Joe Cotton.

Gelding
A gelding (/ˈɡɛldɪŋ/) is a castrated male horse or other equine, such as a pony, donkey or a mule. The term is also used with certain other animals and livestock, such as domesticated camels. The equivalent terms for castrated male cattle are steer or bullock, and wether for sheep and goats.

Castration renders the male animal calmer, better-behaved, less sexually aggressive, and more responsive to training efforts. This makes the animal generally more suitable as an everyday working animal, or as a pet in the case of companion animals. The gerund and participle "gelding" and the infinitive "to geld" refer to the castration procedure itself.
Hash Swan
Han Deok-kwang (Korean: 한덕광; born 12 March 1995), better known by his stage name Hash Swan (해쉬스완) is a South Korean rapper. He was a contestant on Show Me the Money 5 and Show Me the Money 6. He released his first EP, Hash X Kash, on 28 September 2016.

Show Me the Money 5
The fifth season of the series Show Me the Money, known as Show Me the Money 5 (also referred to as SMTM5), premiered on May 6, 2016 and ended July 15, 2016. It is on broadcast every Friday at 23:00 KST on Mnet.

Mnet's fifth season of SMTM features YG Entertainment judges Kush and Zion.T, Dok2 and The Quiett from Illionaire Records, AOMG co-CEO Simon Dominic and producer Gray, and judges Mad Clown and Gill of Leessang. A record-breaking number of 9,000 contestants auditioned this season.

The process of SMTM5 was similar to that of Show Me the Money 4 with open auditions where contestants were asked for an a cappella rap, but for the first time LA auditions were also held in addition to the traditional audition in Seoul. American rapper Timbaland was a guest judge during Round 2 of the LA auditions.
Frank Irons
Francis Cleveland Irons (March 23, 1886 – June 19, 1942) was an American athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Des Moines, Iowa and died in Palatine, Illinois.

Irons competed for the United States in the 1908 Games held in London, Great Britain in the long jump where he won the gold medal. In the standing high jump event, he finished eighth, and in the triple jump competition, he finished 16th. He also participated in the standing long jump contest, but his result is unknown.

Four years later, he finished ninth in the long jump competition at the 1912 Games. At this Olympics, he also competed in the exhibition baseball tournament.

Baseball at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Baseball had its first appearance at the 1912 Summer Olympics as a demonstration sport. It became an official sport 70 years later at the 1992 Summer Olympics. A game was played between the United States, the nation where the game was developed, and Sweden, the host nation. The game was held on Monday, 15 July 1912 and started at 10 a.m. on the Ostermalm Athletic Grounds in Stockholm; the U.S team won after six innings.

A second exhibition match was played between two American teams the next day, which notably included multi-sport Olympic athlete Jim Thorpe, a Major League Baseball player and future American football Hall of Famer.
Iron(II) bromide
Iron(II) bromide refers to inorganic compounds with the chemical formula FeBr2(H2O)x. The anhydrous compound (x = 0) is a yellow or brownish-colored paramagnetic solid.  The tetrahydrate is also known, all being pale colored solids.  They are common precursor to other iron compounds.

Water of crystallization
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

Upon crystallization from water, or water-containing solvents, many compounds incorporate water molecules in their crystalline frameworks. Water of crystallization can generally be removed by heating a sample but the crystalline properties are often lost.

Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with large amounts of water in the crystal lattice. A water content of 50% is not uncommon for proteins.
Bertha de Bardi
Blessed Bertha de Bardi (died 24 March 1163) was born in Florence. She was the daughter of Lothario di Ugo, Count of Vernio; while she is commonly known as de Bardi, some sources speculate that she is more likely to have belonged to the Alberti family.

Bertha joined the Vallumbrosan Order, a branch of the Benedictines, at Santa Felicita, Florence in 1143. The general of the order, Gualdo Galli, soon sent her to govern and reform a convent Cavriglia in Valdarno. Bertha remained there until her death, becoming famous for miracles.

Santa Felicita, Florence
Santa Felicita (Church of St Felicity) is a Roman Catholic church in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy, probably the oldest in the city after San Lorenzo. In the 2nd century, Syrian Greek merchants settled in the area south of the Arno and are thought to have brought Christianity to the region. The first church on the site was probably built in the late 4th century or early 5th century and was dedicated to Saint Felicity of Rome. A new church was built in the 11th century and the current church largely dates from 1736–1739, under design by Ferdinando Ruggieri, who turned it into a one nave edifice. The monastery was suppressed under the Napoleonic occupation of 1808–1810.

The Vasari Corridor passes through the façade of this church and on the inside there is  large window, covered by a thick gate, where the Grand Dukes of the Medici family used to listen to the mass without being seen by the people staying at ground level.
Armathwaite, Tennessee
Armathwaite is an unincorporated community in Fentress County, Tennessee, United States.  It is located along Tennessee State Route 52 between Allardt and Rugby, in Tennessee's Cumberland Plateau region.  The Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area is located to the northeast.

The community was first settled in the 1840s.  Around 1881, Alwyn Maude, a Rugby colonist, established a post office in the community, and named it for his home village of Armathwaite in England.  Oil drilling and logging activities took place in the area during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Tennessee State Route 52
State Route 52 (SR 52) is an east–west state highway that crosses nine counties in northern and northeastern Tennessee. The 141.4-mile-long (227.6 km) route originates in Orlinda along SR 49 and ends in Elgin along U.S. Route 27 (US 27).

SR 52 is mostly a primary route, but becomes secondary west of I-65. Between Celina and Livingston it is part of Corridor J of the Appalachian Development Highway System.
Cliff Richard (1965 album)
Cliff Richard is the seventh studio album by Cliff Richard, released by Columbia Records on LP in 1965 and available in both mono and stereo. It is Richard's thirteenth album overall. The album peaked at number 9 in the UK Albums Chart.

In some regions outside the UK, "Angel" was released as a single. It reached number 6 in Australia and number 14 in Belgium.

Norrie Paramor
Norman William "Norrie" Paramor (15 May 1913 – 9 September 1979) was a British record producer, composer, arranger, pianist, bandleader, and orchestral conductor. He is best known for his work with Cliff Richard and the Shadows, both together and separately, steering their early careers and producing and arranging most of their material from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. Paramor was an orchestra conductor and composer of music for studio albums, theatrical productions, and film scores.
Sokwakhana Zazini
Sokwakhana Zazini (born 23 January 2000) is a South African athlete specialising in the 400 metres hurdles. He won gold medals at the 2017 World U18 Championships and the 2018 World U20 Championships. In 2019, he won a silver medal at the Universiade.

He competed in the men's 400 metres hurdles at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

2019 Summer Universiade
The 2019 Summer Universiade (Italian: 2019 Universiade estiva), officially known as the XXX Summer Universiade (Italian: XXX Universiade estiva) and also known as Naples 2019, or Napoli 2019, was held in Naples, Italy, between 3 and 14 July 2019.

It was initially scheduled for Brasília, Brazil in July 2019. However, on 23 December 2014, it was confirmed that Brasília had withdrawn from hosting the event, citing financial problems. International University Sports Federation decided to reopen the bidding process after the withdrawal.
Steak Diane
Steak Diane is a dish of pan-fried beefsteak with a sauce made from the seasoned pan juices. It was originally cooked tableside and sometimes flambéed. It was most likely invented in London in the 1930s. From the 1940s through the 1960s it was a standard dish in "Continental cuisine", and is now considered retro.

Pan frying
Pan frying or pan-frying is a form of frying food characterized by the use of minimal cooking oil or fat (compared to shallow frying or deep frying), typically using just enough to lubricate the pan. In the case of a greasy food such as bacon, no oil or fats may need to be added. As a form of frying, the technique relies on oil or fat as the heat transfer medium, and on correct temperature and time to not overcook or burn the food. Pan frying can serve to retain the moisture in foods such as meat and seafood. The food is typically flipped at least once to ensure that both sides are cooked properly.
2015 AFC Asian Cup Group C
Group C of the 2015 AFC Asian Cup was one of four groups of nations competing at the 2015 AFC Asian Cup. The group's first round of matches were played on 11 January, the second round on 15 January, and the final round on 19 January. All six group matches were played at venues in Australia. The group consisted of Iran, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain. Iran and United Arab Emirates advanced as group winners and runners-up respectively, while Bahrain and Qatar were eliminated.

Bahrain national football team
The Bahrain national football team (Arabic: منتخب الْبَحرَيْن لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Bahrain in international football and is controlled by the Bahrain Football Association, which was founded in 1951. The country is affiliated with FIFA since 1968 and has been a member of the AFC since 1957. They have never reached the FIFA World Cup.

Bahrain won the FIFA's most improved team award in 2004, and finished fourth at the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, beating Uzbekistan in the quarter-finals but losing to Japan in the semi-finals 4–3. Bahrain then lost to Iran in the third-place match, thus finishing in fourth place overall. Bahrain had a golden year in 2019, winning both the WAFF Championship and the Arabian Gulf Cup for the first time, under the stewardship of Hélio Sousa. On 4 January 2025, Bahrain won the 26th Arabian Gulf Cup, defeating Oman 2–1.
Triton (chamber music society)
Triton was a Paris-based chamber music society founded by Pierre-Octave Ferroud to promote new music. Its executive committee consisted of composers, including Francis Poulenc, Darius Milhaud, Arthur Honegger, Bohuslav Martinů and Sergei Prokofiev. On its honorary committee were Maurice Ravel, Albert Roussel, Arnold Schoenberg, Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, Béla Bartók and Karol Szymanowski. Concerts were held at the École normale de musique, the first being held on 16 December 1932. The inaugural concert included the premiere of Honegger's Sonatine for Violin and Cello, and the European premiere of Prokofiev's Sonata for Two Violins.

Another notable premiere by the society was Olivier Messiaen's Chants de Terre et de Ciel, under the title Prisms, on 23 January 1939. Other composers who had their works premiered by the society were Bartók and Paul Hindemith.

École Normale de Musique de Paris
The École Normale de Musique de Paris "Alfred Cortot" (ENMP) is a conservatoire located in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. The school was founded in 1919 by Auguste Mangeot and Alfred Cortot. The term école normale (English: normal school) meant a teacher training institution, and the school was intended to produce music teachers as well as concert performers. It is officially recognised by the Ministry of Culture and Communication and is under the patronage of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The school is not recognised by the Bologna Process.
Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
This is a list of Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew:

1759–1793      William Aiton

1793–1841      William Townsend Aiton

1841–1865      Sir William Jackson Hooker

1865–1885      Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker

1885–1905      Sir William Turner Thiselton-Dyer

1905–1922      Sir David Prain

1922–1941      Sir Arthur William Hill

1941–1943      Sir Geoffrey Evans (acting)

1943–1956      Sir Edward Salisbury

1956–1971      Sir George Taylor

1971–1976      Jack Heslop-Harrison

1976–1981       Professor John Patrick Micklethwait Brenan

1981–1988      Professor Arthur Bell

1988–1999      Sir Ghillean Prance

1999–2006      Professor Sir Peter Crane

2006–2012      Professor Stephen D. Hopper

2012–present   Richard Deverell

William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
Sir William Turner Thiselton-Dyer KCMG CIE FRS FLS (28 July 1843 – 23 December 1928) was a leading British botanist, and the third director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The standard author abbreviation Dyer is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Talsaclidine
Talsaclidine (WAL-2014) is a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist which acts as a full agonist at the M1 subtype, and as a partial agonist at the M2 and M3 subtypes. It was under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease but showed only modest or poor efficacy in rhesus monkeys and humans, respectively, perhaps due to an array of dose-limiting side effects including increased heart rate and blood pressure, increased salivation, urinary frequency and burning upon urination, increased lacrimation and nasal secretion, abnormal accommodation, heartburn, upset stomach as well as cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, excessive sweating and palpitations.

Accommodation (vertebrate eye)
Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. In this, distances vary for individuals from the far point—the maximum distance from the eye for which a clear image of an object can be seen, to the near point—the minimum distance for a clear image.
Accommodation usually acts like a reflex, including part of the accommodation-convergence reflex, but it can also be consciously controlled.

The main ways animals may change focus are:

Changing the shape of the lens.

Changing the position of the lens relative to the retina.

Changing the axial length of the eyeball.

Changing the shape of the cornea.
KGRS
KGRS (107.3 FM) is a commercial radio station that serves the Burlington, Iowa area.  The station broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format.  KGRS is licensed to Titan Broadcasting, LLC, which is owned by John C. "LJ" Pritchard.

Titan Broadcasting LLC agreed to purchase the station from GAP West (owned by Skip Weller) in late 2007.  The station was owned by Clear Channel prior to GAP West. Titan also owns KBKB-FM in nearby Fort Madison, Iowa.

The station's transmitter and broadcast tower are located in Burlington near the intersection of U.S. Route 61 and U.S. Route 34.  According to the Antenna Structure Registration database, the tower is 114 m (374 ft) tall with the FM broadcast antenna mounted at the 103 m (338 ft) level. The calculated Height Above Average Terrain is 131 m (430 ft).

Fort Madison, Iowa
Fort Madison is a city in and a county seat of Lee County, Iowa, United States along with Keokuk. Of Iowa's 99 counties, Lee County is the only one with two county seats. The population was 10,270 at the time of the 2020 census. Located along the Mississippi River in the state's southeast corner, it lies between small bluffs along one of the widest portions of the river. Fort Madison is also the home of the Iowa State Penitentiary.