hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uldarico A. Alviola
Uldarico Aguilar Alviola Sr. (born July 4, 1883, and died April 29, 1966) was a Filipino Visayan civil servant, novelist, and editor from Cebu, Philippines. While he wrote in English and Spanish, his published works in the Cebuano language earned him the title "Dean of Cebuano Writers."

Visayans
Visayans (Cebuano: mga Bisayâ [bisaˈjaʔ]) are a Philippine ethnolinguistic family group or metaethnicity native to the Visayas, to the southernmost islands south of Luzon, and to a significant portion of Mindanao. They are composed of numerous distinct ethnic groups. When taken as a single group, they number around 45.5 million. The Visayans, like the Luzon Lowlanders (Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Ilocanos, etc.) were originally predominantly animist-polytheists and broadly share a maritime culture until the 16th 
century when the Spanish Empire enforced Catholicism as the state religion. In more inland or otherwise secluded areas, ancient animistic-polytheistic beliefs and traditions either were reinterpreted within a Roman Catholic framework or syncretized with the new religion. Visayans are generally speakers of one or more of the distinct Bisayan languages, the most widely spoken being Cebuano, followed by Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) and Waray-Waray.
Bilaspur, Ganjam
Bilaspur is a small village located in the Khalikote block of Ganjam District, Odisha India. It comes under Khalikote legislative assembly and Aska Lok Sabha seat. It was started as a Brahmana Sashana (a village inhibited by Brahmins) on land donated by the then King of Khalikote.

There are around 60 houses in the village, and the population is around 300. The primary occupation of the populace is predominantly agriculture, in addition to many of the villagers practice priesthood and karma kanda (Hindu rituals). The Kharakhari River flows to the north of the village, and provides irrigation for the village. It's not a perennial river.

Ganjam district
Ganjam district is a district in the Indian state of Odisha. Ganjam's total area is 8,206 km² (3,168 mi²).
The district headquarters is Chhatrapur. Ganjam is divided into three sub-divisions: Chhatrapur, Berhampur, and Bhanjanagar.
As of 2011, It is the most populous district of Odisha (out of 30).
Trichostola
Trichostola is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is distributed on the Mascarene Islands. Some species placed in the genus have also been described from mainland Africa and Madagascar, but according to Jan Bechyné (1957) these actually belong to other genera. Additionally, some species described from Australia were placed in the genus by Julius Weise in 1923, but these are also considered to be misplaced.

Léon Fairmaire
Léon Marc Herminie Fairmaire (29 June 1820 – 1 April 1906) was a French entomologist.

As a specialist in Coleoptera, he assembled an immense collection comparable with that of Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean (1780–1845). This is in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Fairmaire wrote 450 scientific papers and other publications relating to Coleoptera (partial list of papers in Wikispecies). He also worked on Hemiptera.
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
The Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 (c. 1) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made provision for the holding of a referendum on whether to introduce the Alternative Vote system in all future general elections to the UK Parliament and also made provision on the number and size of parliamentary constituencies. The bill for the act was introduced to the House of Commons on 22 July 2010 and passed third reading on 2 November by 321 votes to 264. The House of Lords passed the Bill, with amendments, on 14 February 2011, and after some compromises between the two Houses on amendments, it received Royal Assent on 16 February 2011.

Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, the Electoral Commission is the national election commission, created in 2001 as a result of the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000. It is an independent agency that regulates party and election finance and sets standards for how elections should be run.
Dent Group
The Dent Group is a group of Upper Ordovician sedimentary and volcanic rocks in north-west England. It is the lowermost part of the Windermere Supergroup, which was deposited in the foreland basin formed during the collision between Laurentia and Avalonia. It lies unconformably on the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. This unit was previously known as the Coniston Limestone Group or Coniston Limestone Formation and should not be confused with the significantly younger (uppermost Silurian) Coniston Group.

Volcanic rock
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks. For these reasons, in geology, volcanics and shallow hypabyssal rocks are not always treated as distinct. In the context of Precambrian shield geology, the term "volcanic" is often applied to what are strictly metavolcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks and sediment that form from magma erupted into the air are called "pyroclastics," and these are also technically sedimentary rocks.

Volcanic rocks are among the most common rock types on Earth's surface, particularly in the oceans. On land, they are very common at plate boundaries and in flood basalt provinces. It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface.
Methyl violet
Methyl violet is a family of organic compounds that are mainly used as dyes. Depending on the number of attached methyl groups, the color of the dye can be altered. Its main use is as a purple dye for textiles and to give deep violet colors in paint and ink. It is also used as a hydration indicator for silica gel. Methyl violet 10B is also known as crystal violet (and many other names) and has medical uses.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Milliken Park railway station
Milliken Park railway station serves the west end of Johnstone and the south west of the village of Kilbarchan in Renfrewshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Ayrshire Coast Line.

ScotRail
ScotRail Trains Limited, trading as ScotRail (Scottish Gaelic: Rèile na h-Alba), is a Scottish train operating company that is publicly owned by Scottish Rail Holdings on behalf of the Scottish Government. It has been operating the ScotRail franchise as an operator of last resort since 1 April 2022.
Gontran (given name)
Gontran is a French-language masculine given name of Germanic origin, derived from the elements gunþi/gunda ('battle', 'war') and hram ('raven')

People with the given name Gontran include:

Saint Gontrand (c. 532–592), king of the Kingdom of Orléans

Gontran Boson (c. 545–587), Frankish duke

Gontran Cherrier (b. 1978), French baker and pastry chef, cookbook author, TV presenter, and entrepreneur

Gontran Hamel (1883–1944), French phycologist

Gontran de Poncins (1900–1962), French writer and adventurer

Guntram
Saint Gontrand (c. 532 in Soissons – 28 March 592 in Chalon-sur-Saône), also called Gontran, Gontram, Guntram, Gunthram, Gunthchramn, and Guntramnus, was the king of the Kingdom of Orléans from AD 561 to AD 592. He was the third-eldest and second-eldest-surviving son of Chlothar I and Ingunda. On his father's death in 561, he became king of a fourth of the Kingdom of the Franks, and made his capital at Orléans. The name "Gontrand" denotes "War Raven".
Without Bread and Without Work
Without Bread and Without Work or Sin pan y sin trabajo, is a realist oil-on-canvas painting by Argentine artist Ernesto de la Cárcova. De la Cárcova finished it in 1894, making it the first major painting in Argentine history to portray social issues. The artwork measures 125,5 centimeters in width and 216 centimeters in height. By the time it was painted, De la Cárcova was affiliated with the Centro Obrero Socialista, which was the predecessor of the Socialist Party of Argentina founded two years later.

The first public display of the painting was in the Segundo salón del Ateneo de Buenos Aires of 1894. In 1904 it was selected by Eduardo Schiaffino to be sent to the St. Louis World Fair, where it won the Grand Prize and was featured in several newspapers.

Since 1906 the artwork is exhibited in the National Museum of Fine Arts of Buenos Aires.

Former Argentine President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner claimed during a speech that it was her favorite painting.

Louisiana Purchase Exposition
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as the St. Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from April 30 to December 1, 1904. Local, state, and federal funds totaling $15 million (equivalent to $538 million in 2025) were used to finance the event. More than 60 countries and 43 of the then-45 American states maintained exhibition spaces at the fair, which was attended by nearly 19.7 million people.

Historians generally emphasize the prominence of the themes of race and imperialism, and the fair's long-lasting impact on intellectuals in the fields of history, architecture, and anthropology. From the point of view of the memory of the average person who attended the fair, it primarily promoted entertainment, consumer goods, and popular culture. The monumental Greco-Roman architecture of this and other fairs of the era did much to influence permanent new buildings and master plans of major cities.
Porridge (film)
Porridge (American title: Doing Time) is a 1979 British comedy film directed by Dick Clement and starring Ronnie Barker, Richard Beckinsale, Fulton Mackay and Brian Wilde. It was written by Clement and Ian La Frenais based on their BBC television series Porridge (1974–1977). Most of prison officers and inmates from the original series appear in the film, with the notable exceptions of Lukewarm, Blanco, Heslop and Harris. There is also a different governor, played by Geoffrey Bayldon rather than series regular Michael Barrington.

The film, set a year before the final episode of the TV series, includes one of the last appearances by Richard Beckinsale, the actor who played Godber. He died in March 1979, a few weeks after its completion.

Michael Barrington
Michael Barrington (3 July 1924 – 5 June 1988) was a British actor best known for his television work. His best remembered role is as the ineffectual Governor Venables in the BBC sitcom Porridge which featured Ronnie Barker in the lead role.
2012 Nigeria floods
The 2012 Nigeria floods began in early July 2012. It killed 363 people and displaced over 2.1 million people as of 5 November 2012. According to the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), 30 of Nigeria's 36 states were affected by the floods and the two most affected areas were Kogi and Benue States. The floods were termed as the worst in 40 years, and affected an estimated total of seven million people. The estimated damages and losses caused by the floods was N2.6 trillion.

States of Nigeria
Nigeria is a federation of 36 states, each of which is a semi-autonomous political unit that shares power with the federal government as enumerated under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. In addition to the states, there is the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), in which the capital city of Abuja is located. The FCT is not a state, but a territory of the federal government, governed by an administration headed by a minister. Each state is subdivided into local government areas (LGAs). There are 774 local governments in Nigeria. Under the Nigerian Constitution, the 36 states enjoy substantial autonomy but are not sovereign entities, as ultimate authority lies with the federal government. Amendments to the constitution can be proposed by the National Assembly, but for an amendment to be valid, it must be approved by a two-third majority of the 36 state legislatures, as required under Section 9 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria.
The Captains (film)
The Captains is a 2011 feature documentary that follows actor William Shatner through interviews with the other actors who have portrayed starship captains in five other incarnations of the Star Trek franchise. Shatner's subjects discuss their lives and careers before, during, and after their tenure with Star Trek. They explore the pressures, stigmas, and sacrifices that accompanied their roles and their larger careers. The film makes use of conversations, personal observations, interviews, and archival footage.

Chang (Star Trek)
General Chang is the main antagonist in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, a feature film released in 1991.

Chang, who is portrayed by Christopher Plummer, is Chancellor Gorkon's chief of staff and subsequently serves Chancellor Azetbur in 2293. He is depicted as being a fan of William Shakespeare, quoting him frequently, much to the chagrin of the Enterprise crew. Also noteworthy, the character is almost completely bald, a trait not seen among Klingons before the release of Star Trek VI.

Plummer's depiction of this character has been praised in the Star Trek franchise.
Wiedemann
Wiedemann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Wiedemann (born 1945), American poet

Charlotte Wiedemann (born 1954), German author and journalist

Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann (1770–1840), German physician, historian, naturalist

Elisabeth Wiedemann (1926–2015), German actress

Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann (1805–1887), Baltic German linguist

Fritz Wiedemann (1891–1970), German soldier, Nazi Party activist and diplomat

George Wiedemann (1833–1890), German American brewer

Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann (1826–1899), German physicist

Eilhard Wiedemann (1852–1928), German physicist and historian of science

Alfred Wiedemann (1856–1936), German Egyptologist

Hermann Wiedemann (1879–1944), German operatic baritone and teacher

Kent M. Wiedemann, American diplomat

Elettra Rossellini Wiedemann (born 1983), American fashion model

Thorsten Wiedemann (born 1985), German rugby player

Thomas Ernst Josef Wiedemann (1950–2001), German-British historian

Barbara Wiedemann
Barbara Wiedemann (born October 30, 1945) is an American poet. She has published four books of poetry, besides a number of poems in literary journals. She is the author of one monograph and co-editor of two critical studies. She was formerly a professor of English literature at Auburn University at Montgomery.
Kondo insulator
In solid-state physics, Kondo insulators (also referred as Kondo semiconductors and heavy fermion semiconductors) are understood as materials with strongly correlated electrons, that open up a narrow band gap (in the order of 10 meV) at low temperatures with the chemical potential lying in the gap, whereas in heavy fermion materials the chemical potential is located in the conduction band.

The band gap opens up at low temperatures due to hybridization of localized electrons (mostly f-electrons) with conduction electrons, a correlation effect known as the Kondo effect. As a consequence, a transition from metallic to insulating behavior is seen in resistivity measurements. The band gap could be either direct or indirect. Most studied Kondo insulators are FeSi, Ce3Bi4Pt3, SmB6, YbB12, and CeNiSn, although As of 2016 there are over a dozen known Kondo insulators.

Direct and indirect band gaps
In semiconductors, the band gap of a semiconductor can be of two basic types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap.   The minimal-energy state in the conduction band and the maximal-energy state in the valence band are each characterized by a certain crystal momentum (k-vector) in the Brillouin zone. If the k-vectors are different, the material has an "indirect gap". The band gap is called "direct" if the crystal momentum of electrons and holes is the same in both the conduction band and the valence band; an electron can directly emit a photon. In an "indirect" gap, a photon cannot be emitted because the electron must pass through an intermediate state and transfer momentum to the crystal lattice.

Examples of direct bandgap materials include hydrogenated amorphous silicon and some III–V materials such as InAs and GaAs. Indirect bandgap materials include crystalline silicon and Ge. Some III–V materials are indirect bandgap as well, for example AlSb.
Cape Adare
Cape Adare is a prominent cape of black basalt forming the northern tip of the Adare Peninsula and the north-easternmost extremity of Victoria Land, East Antarctica.

It is the site of the first confirmed landing on the Antarctic mainland—undertaken from Antarctic in 1895—and the first base on the Antarctic mainland—established by Southern Cross in 1899. On both occasions an important role was played by Carstens Borchgrevink.

East Antarctica
80°S 80°E﻿ / ﻿80°S 80°E﻿ / -80; 80

East Antarctica, also called Greater Antarctica, constitutes the majority (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent, lying primarily in the Eastern Hemisphere south of the Indian Ocean, and separated from West Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains. It is generally greater in elevation than West Antarctica, and includes the Gamburtsev Mountain Range in the center. The geographic South Pole is located within East Antarctica.

Apart from small areas of the coast, East Antarctica is permanently covered by ice and it has relatively low biodiversity, with only a small number of species of terrestrial plants, animals, algae, and lichens. The coasts are the breeding ground for various seabirds and penguins, and the leopard seal, Weddell seal, elephant seal, crabeater seal and Ross seal breed on the surrounding pack ice in summer.
Raccoon Creek (Missouri)
Raccoon Creek (also called Coon Creek) is a stream in Daviess and Grundy counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Sugar Creek. The confluence is 1.5 miles southeast of the community of Brimson and 1.5 mile west of Sugar Creeks confluence with the Thompson River.

The stream headwaters arise in eastern Daviess County at 40°02′59″N 93°48′26″W﻿ / ﻿40.04972°N 93.80722°W﻿ / 40.04972; -93.80722 and an elevation of 295 m (968 ft). The stream flows to the northeast and enters Grundy County flowing past the Leisure Lake community and passing under Missouri Route 146 to enter Sugar Creek at 40°07′43″N 93°42′11″W﻿ / ﻿40.12861°N 93.70306°W﻿ / 40.12861; -93.70306 an elevation of 228 m (748 ft).

Raccoon Creek most likely was named for the raccoons in the immediate area.

Grundy County, Missouri
Grundy County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,808. Its county seat is Trenton. The county was organized January 2, 1841, from part of Livingston County, Missouri and named after U.S. Attorney General Felix Grundy.
Oued Sejenane
The Oued Sejenane is a river of Tunisia and Algeria, North Africa.

The Oued Sejenane flows into the Mediterranean near Bizerte and flows past Ichigo National Park, and the forest of Sajane. It is located at Latitude: 37 ° 10'11.99 "  Longitude: 9 ° 36'47.2 " and is  252 meters above sea level.

Lake Ichkeul
Lake Ichkeul (Arabic: بحيرة اشكل, romanized: Buḥayra ʾIshkul) is a lake in northern Tunisia, located 20 kilometres (12 miles) to Bizerte, the northernmost city in Africa on the Mediterranean Sea. The lake and wetlands of Ichkeul National Park are an important stopping-over point for hundreds of thousands of migrating birds each year. Among the lake's visitors are ducks, geese, storks, and pink flamingoes. Dam construction on the lake's feeder rivers has produced major changes to the ecological balance of the lake and wetlands.
1994 NCAA Division III men's ice hockey tournament
The 1994 NCAA Division III Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1993–94 season, the 11th such tournament in NCAA history. It concluded with Wisconsin-River Falls defeating Wisconsin-Superior in the championship game 6-4. All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues, while all succeeding games were played in Superior, Wisconsin.

The NESCAC allowed its teams to play in national tournament for the first time. However, as part of the conference rule changes, such teams could only play in one postseason tournament. As a result, Williams, who won the ECAC East championship, elected not to play in their conference tournament in the hope that they would receive a bid to the NCAA tournament. Williams would ultimately not be chosen for the tournament.

Superior, Wisconsin
Superior is a city in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 26,751 at the 2020 census. Superior and nearby Duluth, Minnesota, sit at the western tip of Lake Superior and together form the Twin Ports, a major Great Lakes harbor.

Bordered by Saint Louis, Superior, and Allouez bays, the city is framed by two rivers: the Nemadji and the Saint Louis. Superior is at the junction of U.S. Route 2 and U.S. Route 53 immediately north of, and adjacent to, both the Village of Superior and the Town of Superior. It is an industrial city, with ship harbors along two sides, several large rail yards, an oil refinery, and a shipyard. Superior and neighboring Duluth feature museum ships (SS William A. Irvin in Duluth and SS Meteor in Superior), devoted to the local maritime heritage. Superior was the final port of call for SS Edmund Fitzgerald before her sinking on November 10, 1975.
Esplanade (Bronx)
The Esplanade, also known as Esplanade Avenue, is a 0.8-mile (1.3 km) street with a series of green traffic medians in the Morris Park and Pelham Gardens neighborhoods of the Bronx in New York City. The street was constructed in 1912 atop a covered trench of the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway that was cut through a hill. Atop the hill, Esplanade intersects with Pelham Parkway, a road with its own series of green traffic medians designated as parkland.

Pelham Gardens, Bronx
Pelham Gardens is a neighborhood located in the Northeast section of the Bronx, New York City. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise are East Gun Hill Road to the north and east, Pelham Parkway to the south, and the IRT Dyre Avenue Line (5 train) to the west ending at the esplanade. Eastchester Road is the primary thoroughfare through Pelham Gardens.

Pelham Gardens is located in Bronx Community Board 11, and its ZIP Code is 10469. The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 49th Precinct.