hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Demons in the Garden
Demons in the Garden (Spanish: Demonios en el jardín) is a 1982 Spanish drama film directed by Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón, starring Ángela Molina, Ana Belén and Imanol Arias. The film is about a dysfunctional family living in rural Spain during the first years of Franco's dictatorship. It was entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the FIPRESCI Prize.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
Frank Pearce (1870s pitcher)
Franklin Johnson Pearce  (1860–1926) was an American Major League Baseball player who appeared as a relief pitcher in one game for the 1876 Louisville Grays of the National League.  He was 16 years, 188 days old on the day of his lone major league appearance, making him one of the half-dozen youngest players in major league history—and he remains the youngest ever to be making his final ML appearance.

Louisville Grays
The Louisville Grays were a 19th-century United States baseball team and charter member of the National League, based in Louisville, Kentucky. They played two seasons, 1876 and 1877, and compiled a record of 65–61.  Their home games were at the Louisville Baseball Park. The Grays were owned by businessman Walter Newman Haldeman, owner and publisher of the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper.
Universal instantiation
In predicate logic, universal instantiation (UI; also called universal specification or universal elimination, and sometimes confused with dictum de omni) is a valid rule of inference from a truth about each member of a class of individuals to the truth about a particular individual of that class. It is generally given as a quantification rule for the universal quantifier but it can also be encoded in an axiom schema. It is one of the basic principles used in quantification theory.

Example: "All dogs are mammals. Fido is a dog. Therefore Fido is a mammal."

Formally, the rule as an axiom schema is given as

for every formula A and every term t, where  is the result of substituting t for each free occurrence of x in A.  is an instance of

And as a rule of inference it is

from  infer

Irving Copi noted that universal instantiation "...follows from variants of rules for 'natural deduction', which were devised independently  by Gerhard Gentzen and Stanisław Jaśkowski in 1934."

Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas (also called wffs or simply formulas).

The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.
2016 Bell 525 Relentless prototype crash
The 2016 Bell 525 Relentless prototype crash occurred during a test flight on July 6, 2016, near Italy, Texas, destroying the prototype Bell 525 Relentless helicopter and killing the two occupants. The helicopter broke up in flight while traveling about 229 mph (199 kn) at an altitude of about 2,000 feet (610 m); the main rotor contacted and severed the tail boom due to severe vertical oscillations. The crew were performing one engine inoperative (OEI) recovery testing; the test induced a scissors-mode vibration in the main rotor, which resulted in involuntary collective control input. The unintended biomechanical feedback loop exacerbated the vibration, until the rotor contacted the tail-boom.

The destruction of the prototype delayed type certification of the Bell 525 for a year and a filter was added to the collective input control to avoid recurrence of the biomechanical feedback.

Type certificate
A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (type design). Certification confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production is in compliance with applicable airworthiness requirements established by the national air law.

For up to three seats, primary category aircraft certification costs around US$1 million, US$25 million for a general aviation aircraft and hundreds of millions of dollars for a commercial aircraft; certification delays can cost millions of dollars and can decide a program's profitability.
The Challenge: Battle for a New Champion
The Challenge: Battle for a New Champion is the thirty-ninth season of the MTV reality competition series The Challenge, featuring alumni from The Challenge, Are You the One? (U.S.), Big Brother (UK and U.S.), Ex on the Beach (UK and U.S.), Survivor (Romania, Turkey and U.S.), Love Island (U.S.), So You Think You Can Dance, The Mole Germany, Exatlón Estados Unidos, Ibiza Weekender, The Bachelor & The Bachelorette (Australia), 12 Dates of Christmas, The Circle (U.S.), The Only Way Is Essex, Shipwrecked, and The Royal World competing for a share at up to a $500,000 prize.

The season premiered on October 25, 2023 with a simulcast on MTV2, preceded by a launch special titled "Countdown Begins" which aired on October 18, 2023.

Survivor (franchise)
Survivor is a reality-competition television franchise produced globally. The show features a group of contestants deliberately marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide basic survival necessities for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the "Sole Survivor".

The British television producer Charlie Parsons developed the format for Survivor in 1992 for Planet 24, a United Kingdom television production company; the Swedish version, which debuted in September 1997 as Expedition Robinson, became the first Survivor series to be broadcast on television. Since its launch in 2000, the flagship American version of Survivor has aired 49 seasons of the show. The 50th season, commemorating the show's 25th anniversary, began airing February 2026.
Casamino acid
Casamino acid is the mixture of amino acids produced from acid hydrolysis of casein, a family of phosphoproteins found in mammalian milk. In comparison, tryptone describes casein that has undergone enzymatic degradation by the protease trypsin, leaving many smaller peptide chains alongside the free amino acids.

Casamino acid is used as a component of microbiological growth medium to support protein synthesis. However, tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is lost while digesting the casein with strong acids. Providing this abundant source of nitrogen can alter the phenotype of microorganisms, such as bacterial species recognizing nutrient-rich media and reducing their motility, as compared to their typical environmental behaviors.

Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells.

The two major types of growth media are those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and those used for microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth. Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
HiPhi Z
The HiPhi Z is a  battery electric five-door shooting brake car from Chinese car manufacturer HiPhi. The vehicle was first presented as a concept in China in November 2021. The car is sold alongside the HiPhi X, an SUV that shares much of its electric platform with the HiPhi Z.

Apollo Automobil
Apollo Automobil, previously known as Gumpert Sportwagenmanufaktur, is a German sports car manufacturer headquartered in Denkendorf. Roland Gumpert, who founded Gumpert Sportwagenmanufaktur in 2004, once held the position of director of Audi Sport. Under his management, Audi won a total of 25 World Rally Championship rallies and four World Rally Championship titles.
Abdul Qadir (academician)
Abdul Qadir (Pashto: مولانا عبد القادر; 14 June 1905, Pabaini Swabi - 22 October 1969) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar, academician and founder of Pashto Academy and Department of Pashto, University of Peshawar.

University of Peshawar
The University of Peshawar (Pashto: د پېښور پوهنتون; Hindko: پشور یونیورسٹی; Urdu: جامعۂ پشاور; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The university is one of the oldest universities in the province, and is ranked as one of the highest rated universities in the country.
Bilegiin Damdinsüren
Bilegiin Damdinsüren (Mongolian: Билэгийн Дамдинсүрэн; 1919–1992) was a Mongolian composer, considered to be one of the greatest Mongolian composers and founder of Mongolian classical music. He was noted for composing operas which incorporated traditional folk melodies and is credited with composing the most popular Mongolian opera, The Three Sad Hills (1935).

Music of Mongolia
Music is an integral part of Mongolian culture. Among the unique contributions of Mongolia to the world's musical culture are the long songs, overtone singing, and morin khuur, the horse-headed fiddle. The music of Mongolia is also rich with varieties related to the various ethnic groups of the country: Oirats, Hotogoid, Tuvans, Darhad, Buryats, Tsaatan, Dariganga, Uzemchins, Barga, Kazakhs and Khalha.

Besides the traditional music, Western classical music and ballet flourished during the Mongolian People's Republic. Among the most popular forms of modern music in Mongolia are Western pop and rock genres and the mass songs, which are written by modern authors in a form of folk songs.
Charlestown, South Africa
Charlestown is a small town situated at the top of Laing's Nek pass in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between Newcastle and Volksrust. It started out as an important railway station and customs post between Natal and Transvaal in 1891 until the Union of South Africa came into being in 1910, and customs tariffs were abolished. It is named after Sir Charles Mitchell, governor of Natal.  In 1927 the town was the site of one of South Africa's first mass-shooting instances when local farmer Stephanus Swart shot and killed 8 people.

It became a dormitory suburb of Volksrust, just across the border in the Transvaal, and many black people bought freehold land in the town. During the 1960s, however, the apartheid policy of the government led to most of the black inhabitants being forcibly removed to Madadeni, near Newcastle, and Charlestown became a ghost town.

Transvaal Colony
25°S 30°E﻿ / ﻿25°S 30°E﻿ / -25; 30

The Transvaal Colony (Afrikaans pronunciation: [transˈfɑːl]) was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the Second Boer War in 1902, when the South African Republic was dissolved, and the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The borders of the Transvaal Colony were larger than the defeated South African Republic (which had existed from 1856 to 1902). In 1910 the entire territory became the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.
Chiayi City Council
23°28′46.2″N 120°25′55.6″E﻿ / ﻿23.479500°N 120.432111°E﻿ / 23.479500; 120.432111

The Chiayi City Council (CYCC; traditional Chinese: 嘉義市議會; simplified Chinese: 嘉义市议会; pinyin: Jiāyì Shì Yìhuì) is the elected city council of Chiayi City, Taiwan. The council composes of 24 councilors lastly elected through the 2022 Republic of China local election on 26 November 2022.

2022 Taiwanese local elections
Local elections were held in Taiwan on 26 November and 18 December 2022 to elect county magistrates (city mayors), county (city) councilors, township mayors, township councilors and chiefs of village (borough) in 6 municipalities and 16 counties (cities). Elected officials would serve a four-year term. The election was held alongside the 2022 Taiwanese constitutional referendum.

The election resulted in a big loss for the ruling Democratic Progressive Party as all the mayoral and magisterial political candidates in the north were defeated. Tsai Ing-wen, the incumbent President of the Republic of China, resigned as party head after the poll, triggering a by-election for the position.
The Tron Church, Glasgow
The Tron Church is an evangelical Presbyterian church which meets in three locations across Glasgow—in the city centre on Bath Street, in the Kelvingrove area of the West end of Glasgow, and on the Southside of Glasgow near Queen's Park.

'The Tron' has a strong heritage of expositional preaching which has been carried on through the ministries of Tom Allan (1955–1964), George Duncan (1964–1977), Eric Alexander (1977–1997), Sinclair Ferguson (1997–2004), and William Philip (2004–present).

Today, The Tron Church is a part of the Didasko presbytery, a small fellowship made up of seven churches across Scotland: Cornerstone Community Church, Stirling; Edinburgh North Church; Gilcomston Church, Aberdeen; Grace Church, Dundee; Maxwell Church, Kilmaurs; The Tron Church, Glasgow; and Trinity Church, Glasgow.

Kelvingrove, Glasgow
Kelvingrove is a neighbourhood in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated north of the River Clyde in the West End of the city, and directly borders Kelvingrove Park to the north and the grounds of the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum to the west. Its other boundaries are not precisely defined, but roughly correspond to Sauchiehall Street to the south opposite the Sandyford neighbourhood, and the Charing Cross area to the east.
Fest Bossa & Jazz
Fest Bossa & Jazz is a Brazilian cultural and tourism project held annually in the cities of Natal, Pipa Beach (Tibau do Sul), São Miguel do Gostoso and Mossoró in Rio Grande do Norte. The festival takes place in multiple venues including performances, pocket shows, lectures, workshops and social gatherings for musicians and students.

Brazilian and international musicians perform during the event in jazz, blues and bossa nova genres. Past performers have included Ivan Lins, Ed Motta, Lenine, Leny Andrade, Yamandu Costa, Roberta Sá, Marcos Valle, Wanda Sá, Leila Pinheiro, Roberto Menescal,  Sandra de Sá, João Donato, Coco Montoya, José James, Galactic, Stanley Jordan, Eric Gales, Larry McCray and Raphael Wressnig.

São Miguel do Gostoso
São Miguel do Gostoso (previously known as São Miguel de Touros) is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil.

São Miguel do Gostoso was founded on 29 September 1884.
Semicomma
The semicomma, also Fokker's comma (after 31-TET pioneer Adriaan Fokker), is type of small musical interval, or comma, in microtonal music equivalent to 2109375:2097152, or 33×57 : 221.  This is a ratio of approximately 1:1.0058283805847168, or about 10.06 cents (Playⓘ). It is derived from the difference in pitch between three 75:64 just augmented seconds (Play just augmented secondⓘ) and one 8:5 just minor sixth (Play minor sixthⓘ) begun on the same root ((3 × 274.58) − (1 × 813.69) = 823.74 − 813.69 = 10.05 cents). It can also be viewed as the amount by which three tritaves exceed seven minor sixths.

Microtonality
Microtonality is the use in music of microtones — intervals smaller than a semitone, also called "microintervals". It may also be extended to include any music using intervals not found in the customary Western tuning of twelve equal intervals per octave. In other words, a microtone may be thought of as a note that falls "between the keys" of a piano tuned in equal temperament.
Rockvale High School
Rockvale High School is a public high school located in Rockvale, Tennessee near Murfreesboro in Rutherford County. It is located on State Route 99 (New Salem Highway) and opened in 2019. It is part of Rutherford County Schools. The $59 million contract for construction was signed in February 2017. It was named for the old Rockvale Community Consolidated School, which existed from 1927 to 1993, and the nickname is the Rockets, the mascot of the former school. As stated by the Tennessee State Report Card, the average ACT score was a 18.7, slightly below the state and district averages in every subject.

Rutherford County, Tennessee
Rutherford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in Middle Tennessee. As of a 2023 estimate, the population was 367,101, making it the fifth-most populous county in Tennessee. A study conducted by the University of Tennessee projects Rutherford County to become the third largest county in Tennessee by population by 2050. Its county seat is Murfreesboro, which is also the geographic center of Tennessee. As of 2010, it is the center of population of Tennessee. Rutherford County is included in the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jimmy Weinert
Jimmy Weinert (born August 14, 1951) is an American former professional motocross and supercross racer. He competed in the AMA Motocross Championships from 1972 to 1980. Weinert won 22 AMA Nationals and three AMA national championships during his racing career. In 1973, Weinert became the first American to defeat international-level riders in the Trans-AMA motocross series. That victory marked a turning point that brought American motocross up to par with the then dominant European riders.

American Motorcyclist Association
The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) is an American nonprofit organization of more than 200,000 motorcyclists that organizes numerous motorcycling activities and campaigns for motorcyclists' legal rights. Its mission statement is "to promote the motorcycling lifestyle and protect the future of motorcycling." The organization was founded in 1924 and, as of October 2016, had more than 1,100 chartered clubs.

It provides guidance and advice on running events and rallies for clubs and promoters and allows affiliated members to vote on AMA matters. It also has a corporate membership category with representatives from the US motorcycle industry.

The AMA is the official national federation representative (FMN) for the United States of America in the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and organizes US teams and riders for FIM-sanctioned events, including the International Six Day Enduro, Motocross Des Nations, and Trials Des Nations.
Hacıyusuf, Kahta
Hacıyusuf, formerly Sarıdana, (Kurdish: Bozmîş) is a village in the Kâhta District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bêzikan tribe and had a population of 150 in 2021.

The hamlet of Kınık is attached to Hacıyusuf.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Oughtonhead Lane
Oughtonhead Lane is a 0.9-hectare (2.2-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Hitchin in Hertfordshire. The local planning authority is North Hertfordshire District Council. The site has been identified as of national importance in the Geological Conservation Review.

The site probably dates to the Hoxnian interglacial 420,000 to 300,000 years ago. It was then a marsh fed by springs, and it has a tufa which contains fossil land snails and mammal bones which show the climate and local environmental conditions.

The site is a public lane and a shallow trench would be required to expose the geology.

Interglacial
An interglacial period (or alternatively interglacial, interglaciation) is a geological interval of warmer global average temperature lasting thousands of years that separates consecutive glacial periods within an ice age. The current Holocene interglacial began at the end of the Pleistocene, about 11,700 years ago.
Antonio Delgado (athlete)
Antonio Delgado Palomo (20 September 1957 – 1 April 2021), also known as Antonio Delgado, was a track and field athlete from Spain.  He had a disability.  He competed at the 1976 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal in 100 metre race and first in the long jump.

He was born in Seville on 20 September 1957 and died on 1 April 2021 at the age of 63 from throat cancer.

1976 Summer Paralympics
The 1976 Summer Paralympics (French: Jeux paralympiques d'été de 1976), branded as Torontolympiad – 1976 Olympiad for the Physically Disabled, was the fifth Paralympic Games to be held. They were hosted by Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from 3 to 11 August 1976, marking the first time a Paralympics was held in the Americas and in Canada. The games began two days after the close of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Fujiwara (comedy duo)
Fujiwara (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese comedy duo (kombi) consisting of Toshifumi Fujimoto (藤本 敏史) and Takayuki Haranishi (原西 孝幸). They are from Osaka, but are currently primarily active in Tokyo and, like most other comedians originating the Kansai region, are employed by Yoshimoto Kōgyō.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Freie Sachsen
Freie Sachsen (lit. 'Free Saxons') is a far-right monarchist, autonomist, and secessionist movement within the German State of Saxony. It seeks to restore the former Kingdom of Saxony through an autonomist government or a "Saexit if Necessary".

Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.