hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Foro Baranga clashes
On April 10, 2023, clashes broke out between Masalit and Arab civilians in Foro Baranga, West Darfur, Sudan, killing at least 25 people. Four days later the clashes ceased but a wider national conflict broke out.

Central Darfur
Central Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية وسط دارفور, romanized: Wilāyat Wasaṭ Dārfūr) is a state in south-western Sudan, and one of five comprising the Darfur region. It was created in January 2012 as a result of the ongoing peace process for the wider Darfur region. The state capital is Zalingei. The state was formed from land that had been part of the states of West Darfur and South Darfur.

On 4 August 2023, the entire state was confirmed fallen, and claimed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) after their clashes with Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), leading to collapse of the state's capital, Zalingei.
Valaste Falls
Valaste Falls (Estonian: Valaste juga) is the highest waterfall in Estonia and neighboring regions (30.5 meters or 100 feet). It is located between Ontika and Valaste in Toila Parish of Ida-Viru County and is formed by Valaste Creek (Estonian: Valaste oja) as it flows over the Baltic Klint not far from the shore of the Gulf of Finland. It is a popular tourist attraction, with its spray freezing up in winter.

The site has a parking lot, some explanatory signs, and a trail using a double spiral staircase to reach the bottom of the cliff. Opposite the waterfall, a viewing platform has been built, and this offers views of the falls.

The platform was taken out of service and the stairs to it were closed in 2013. A new staircase with platforms and walkways to the shore of the Gulf of Finland was built and opened to the public in 2018.

Stairs
Stairs are a structure designed to bridge a large vertical distance between lower and higher levels by dividing it into smaller vertical distances. This is achieved as a diagonal series of horizontal platforms called steps which enable passage to the other level by stepping from one to another step in turn. Steps are very typically rectangular, but may instead be straight, curved, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.

Types of stairs include staircases (also called stairways) and escalators. Some alternatives to stairs are elevators (also called lifts), stairlifts, inclined moving walkways, ladders, and ramps. A stairwell is a vertical shaft or opening that contains a staircase. A flight (of stairs) is an inclined part of a staircase consisting of steps (and their lateral supports if supports are separate from steps).
Christine Buisman
Christine Johanna Buisman (Dutch pronunciation: [krɪsˈtinə joːˈɦɑnaː ˈbœysmɑn]; 22 March 1900 – 27 March 1936) was a Dutch phytopathologist who dedicated her short career to the research of Dutch elm disease and the selection of resistant elm seedlings. In 1927, Buisman provided the final proof that Graphium ulmi (later named Ophiostoma ulmi) was the causal agent of the disease, concluding the controversy which had raged among Dutch and German scientists since 1922.

Buisman developed the inoculation method for screening large numbers of elm plants for resistance, and in 1932 discovered the generative form of the fungus, Ceratostomella ulmi. The first ever resistant elm clone released in the Netherlands was named for her in 1937, following her untimely death the previous year.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Environmental Action
Environmental Action is a 501(c)(4) non-profit environmental advocacy organization in the United States. Founded in 1970 by environmental activists at the first Earth Day, it operated until 1996 but was then rebooted in 2012 as part of the Public Interest Network, a family of non-profit organizations that includes the Public Interest Research Group, Environment America, Green Corps and others.

Environmental Action developed the original "Dirty Dozen", a list of members of Congress with poor records on environmental issues. Begun in 1970, it ran annually until 1996 in partnership with the League of Conservation Voters. The group also advocated for Richard Nixon to support the Clean Air Act of 1970, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Triangle of Doom
The Triangle of Doom is an anatomical triangle defined by the vas deferens medially, gonadal vessel laterally and peritoneum inferiorly. This triangle contains external iliac artery and vein, the deep circumflex iliac vein, the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and hidden by fascia, the femoral nerve. 
It bears significance in laparoscopic repair of groin hernia. Surgical staples are avoided here.

Similarly, the Triangle of Pain is an important landmark in laproscopic surgery. The boundaries are: the gonadal vessels (testicular artery and vein) medially,
the iliopubic tract superiorly and the peritoneal reflection below.
Contents of this triangle include the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve, and the Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
After placing the mesh, the surgeon must avoid putting tacks to secure the mesh below the iliopubic tract, or it can injure the nerves. Hence the name 'Triangle of Pain'.

Vas deferens
The vas deferens (pl.: vasa deferentia), ductus deferens (pl.: ductūs deferentes), or sperm duct is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates. In mammals, spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules and flow into the epididymal duct. The end of the epididymis is connected to the vas deferens. The vas deferens ends with an opening into the ejaculatory duct at a point where the duct of the seminal vesicle also joins the ejaculatory duct.
The vas deferens is a partially coiled tube which exits the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Val Anthony
Val Anthony is an American singer and musician. He was a pianist and cabaret singer at Jilly's, a popular New York City night club in the 1960s owned by Jilly Rizzo. Frequent guests included Frank Sinatra and his Rat Pack, Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Jr. Others, like Liza Minnelli and Marilyn Monroe, also frequented the club.

Sinatra described Anthony as "the finest working saloon singer in New York." He released several records on the Columbia label in the 1950s, including the double A-side "The Heart of a Fool/The Portuguese Fishermen." Anthony was a favourite of Sinatra's, who once said " This guy sounds more like me than me."

According to a 2006 article, Val Anthony still plays in the New York clubs. He is good friends with Greg Bravo/ Gary Scott (former frontman for the short-lived rock band Steam, who hit big in 1970 with "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye") and the two jam together occasionally.

Rat Pack
The Rat Pack was an informal group of singers that, in its second iteration, ultimately made films and appeared together in Las Vegas casino venues. They originated in the late 1940s and early 1950s as a group of A-list show business friends, such as Errol Flynn, Nat King Cole, Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, Frank Sinatra and others who met casually at the Holmby Hills home of Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. In the 1960s, the group featured Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Joey Bishop, and (before falling out with Sinatra in 1962) Peter Lawford, among others. They appeared together on stage and in films in the 1950s and 1960s, including the films Ocean's 11 and Sergeants 3; after Lawford's expulsion, they filmed Robin and the 7 Hoods with Bing Crosby in what was to have been Lawford's role. Sinatra, Martin, and Davis were regarded as the group's lead members after Bogart's death, in 1957.
Drauzio Varella
Antônio Drauzio Varella (Portuguese: [ˈdɾawzju vaˈɾɛlɐ]; born May 3, 1943, in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian physician, scientist, writer, and medical science communicator. Varella has often commented publicly on issues such as prison conditions, social welfare, government, literature, medicine, and skepticism, and has frequently debunked pseudoscientific medical claims.

Debunker
A debunker is a person or organization that exposes or discredits claims believed to be false, exaggerated, or pretentious. The term is often associated with skeptical investigation of controversial topics such as UFOs, claimed paranormal phenomena, cryptids, conspiracy theories, alternative medicine, religion, and exploratory or fringe areas of scientific or pseudoscientific research. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "debunk" is defined as: "to expose the sham or falseness of." The  New Oxford American Dictionary defines "debunk" as "expose the falseness or hollowness of (a myth, idea, or belief)". If debunkers are not careful, their communications may backfire – increasing an audience's long-term belief in myths. Backfire effects can occur if a message spends too much time on the negative case, if it is too complex, or if the message is threatening.
Slate River (Colorado)
Slate River is a 23.7-mile-long (38.1 km) tributary of the East River in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. It flows south from a source near Yule Pass in the Raggeds Wilderness to a confluence with the East River southeast of Crested Butte, Colorado.

A BLM-managed campground named Oh Be Joyful lies along the river.

Gunnison County, Colorado
Gunnison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,918. The county seat is Gunnison. The county was named for John W. Gunnison, a United States Army officer and captain in the Army Topographical Engineers, who surveyed for the transcontinental railroad in 1853.
Mathare
Mathare is a collection of slums in Nairobi with a population of approximately 500,000 people; the population of Mathare Valley alone, the oldest of the slums that make up Mathare, is 180,000 people. Mathare is the home of football teams Mathare United and Real Mathare of the MYSA. Mathare is currently part of two electoral constituencies; the titular Mathare Constituency and the northern part being in Ruaraka Constituency. The northern part was initially part of Kasarani Constituency up to the 2013 elections when Kasarani was split into three electoral constituencies; Ruaraka being among them. The southern part was domiciled in Starehe Constituency.

Ruaraka Constituency
Ruaraka Constituency is an electoral constituency located in Nairobi County, Kenya. It is one of seventeen constituencies in the County. The constituency has a population of 192,620  and covers an area of 7.20 km2. It was formed for the 2013 election following proposals by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission which sought to ease political tensions during elections. Ruaraka Constituency was formerly part of Kasarani Constituency. The whole constituency forms part of the Kasarani Sub-county.
West Pleasant View, Colorado
West Pleasant View is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the West Pleasant View CDP was 4,327 at the United States Census 2020. The Pleasant View Metropolitan District provides services. The Golden post office (Zip code 80401) serves the area.

Camp George West Historic District
Camp George West Historic District or Camp George West (also known as State Rifle Range;5JF145) was a military base for the Colorado National Guard, located at 15000 S. Golden Rd., Golden, Colorado.  It was used as a rifle range, while artillery practice took place on Green Mountain, on the north side of present-day Hayden Park  near Lakewood, Colorado. The Department of Defense Military Munitions Response Program has financed investigations to identify unexploded ordnance there since 2012.

Camp George West is now used as a correctional facility, police training academy, and emergency operations center.
It contains an Ammunition Igloo, a bunker used for arms storage, and Colorado Amphitheater, both of which are vacant.

The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993, with the Ammunition Igloo and the Amphitheater listed separately.
Jacques-François Baudiau
Jacques-François Baudiau (15 October 1809, in Planchez – 17 September 1880, in Quarré-les-Tombes) was a French Catholic priest and geographer.

In 1833 he was named vicar in Château-Chinon, then served as a pastor in Montigny-sur-Canne (from November 1834), and later in Dun-les-Places (from July 1844). He was a member of learned societies in Saône-et-Loire, Nièvre and Yonne.

In 1854 he published a two volume work on the geography of the Morvan titled, Le Morvand, ou Essai géographique, topographique et historique sur cette contrée. Its second edition covered three volumes, it being published in 1865–67.

Nièvre
Nièvre (French: [njɛvʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, central-east France. Named after the river Nièvre, it had a population of 204,452 in 2019. Its prefecture is Nevers.

Covering an area 6,817 square kilometres (2,632 sq mi), Nièvre is landlocked between six other departments: Yonne to the north, Côte-d'Or to the east, Saône-et-Loire to the southeast, Allier to the south, Cher to the west and Loiret to the northwest.
Brass Man
Brass Man is a 2005 science fiction novel by Neal Asher.  It is the sequel to Gridlinked and set in the same future as The Skinner. The plot centers around two rivals hunting an interstellar dragon: Ian Cormac, an Earth Central Security Agent, and Mr. Crane, a psychotic artificial man.

Gridlinked
Gridlinked is a science fiction novel by British writer Neal Asher. His first novel, it was published by the Macmillan Publishers imprint Pan Books in 2001. It contains elements of the technological inventiveness of hard science fiction with a more contemporary political plotline. The novel follows the exploits of Earth Central Security agent Ian Cormac, as he attempts to discover who or what is behind the destruction of the Runcible on a remote colony. Cormac drops an investigation into Polity separatists on Cheyne III, and takes the starship Hubris to the ruined world of Samarkand to directly oversee the investigation there. Having been directly "gridlinked" to the Polity A.I. network for too long, Cormac has been slowly losing his humanity, and takes the opportunity of this particular mission to disconnect and solve the mystery the old-fashioned way.
Operation Synytsia
Operation Synytsia (Ukrainian: Операція «Синиця», romanized: Operatsiia "Synytsia", lit. 'tit') was an operation conducted by Ukraine's Main Directorate of Intelligence to facilitate the defection of Russian Mi-8 helicopter pilot Maxim Kuzminov (Russian: Максим Кузьминов). After previously arranging his defection and the simultaneous escape of his family, on 9 August 2023, Kuzminov turned off radio communications and landed near Poltava, Kharkiv Oblast, where Ukrainian forces received him and killed the other crew members.

On 5 September 2023, Ukrainian intelligence representative Andriy Yusov announced that Maxim Kuzminov would receive a reward of $500,000 paid in the Ukrainian hryvnia. Yusov additionally promised that Kuzminov and his family would receive unspecified security guarantees, as well as eventual Ukrainian citizenship.

On 13 February 2024, Kuzminov was found dead with bullet wounds in Villajoyosa, Spain.

Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)
The Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Головне управління розвідки Міністерства оборони України, ГУР МОУ, romanized: Holovne upravlinnia rozvidky Ministerstva oborony Ukrainy, GUR / HUR MO), also known in English as the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine (DIU), is the military intelligence service of the Ukrainian government. It is an agency of the Ministry of Defence, not the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Unlike the intelligence agencies of many countries, the HUR is not restricted to intelligence-gathering but also carries out military operations.
The Daughter of the Snows
The Daughter of the Snows (also known as Snegurochka or La Fille des neiges) is a ballet in three acts and five scenes, with choreography by Marius Petipa and music by Ludwig Minkus. The libretto by Marius Petipa is based on the 1873 play The Snow Maiden by Alexander Ostrovsky, inspired by a Russian folk fairy tale about Snegurochka from the folklore collection by Alexander Afanasyev.

The ballet premiered on 7 January 1879 at the St. Petersburg Imperial Bolshoi Kammeny Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia by the Imperial Ballet. Prima ballerina Yekaterina Vazem considered it "among Petipa's less successful ballets" and "not popular with the public." According to Vazem, the ballet was taken out of the repertoire after only a few performances.

Principal dancers: Yekaterina Vazem (as the Snow Maiden).

Mariinsky Ballet
The Mariinsky Ballet (Russian: Балет Мариинского театра) is the resident classical ballet company of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Founded in the 18th century and originally known as the Imperial Russian Ballet, the Mariinsky Ballet is one of the world's leading ballet companies.  Internationally in some quarters, the Mariinsky Ballet continues to be known by its former Soviet name the Kirov Ballet.  The Mariinsky Ballet is the parent company of the Vaganova Ballet Academy, a leading international ballet school.
Udelny (inhabited locality)
Udelny (Russian: Удельный; masculine), Udelnaya (Удельная; feminine), or Udelnoye (Удельное; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Udelnaya, Moscow Oblast, a suburban (dacha) settlement in Ramensky District of Moscow Oblast

Rural localities

Udelnoye, Kirov Oblast, a village in Shvarikhinsky Rural Okrug of Nolinsky District of Kirov Oblast

Udelnoye, Alexeyevsky Rural Okrug, Sovetsky District, Mari El Republic, a village in Alexeyevsky Rural Okrug of Sovetsky District of the Mari El Republic

Udelnoye, Vyatsky Rural Okrug, Sovetsky District, Mari El Republic, a village in Vyatsky Rural Okrug of Sovetsky District of the Mari El Republic

Udelnaya, Mari El Republic, a village in Gornoshumetsky Rural Okrug of Yurinsky District of the Mari El Republic

Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast (Russian: Кировская область, romanized: Kirovskaya oblast', IPA: [ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population is 1,341,312.
Lisa Butts
Lisa Butts (born January 21, 1982, in Montrose, California) is an American rugby union player.

After playing 5 years on the U23 National Team, Lisa has played on the USA Women's National Team for 3 years. Lisa was also a 3 time All-American while at Chico State. She was also with the team when they won the national championship in 2001. She made her USA eagles debut against England in December 2007. She was a member of the Eagles 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup squad.

Butts played at the 2011 Nations Cup.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
Isiphetho - Destiny
Isiphetho - Destiny is a South African television drama series created by Mandla N and Mpumelelo Nhlapho. It is an e.tv original series produced by BlackBrain Pictures, and stars Mbalenhle Mavimbela, Upile uThixo Bongco, Tsholo Maseko, Kope Makgae, Gugu Gumede, Linda Sokhulu, Mjosty Mbhele, Thulani Mtsweni, Peter Mashigo, Nokwazi Dlamini, Chrispen Nyathi, Simangele Mhlongo and Sibusiso Sithole.

Chrispen Nyathi
Chrispen Nyathi (born 31 May 1994) is a Zimbabwean actor known for portraying Pastor Charleston Ncube in the South African television drama DiepCity. His performance in the series earned him the Outstanding Supporting Actor Award in 2021, making him one of the rising figures in Southern African television.
Meissen
Meissen (German: Meißen [ˈmaɪsn̩] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Mišno; Latin: Misnia, Misenacode: lat promoted to code: la ) is a town of approximately 30,000 inhabitants, situated about 25 km (16 mi) north‑west of Dresden and 75 km (47 mi) west of Bautzen, on both banks of the River Elbe in the Free State of Saxony, in eastern Germany. Meissen is renowned as the home of Meissen porcelain, the Albrechtsburg castle, the Gothic Meissen Cathedral, and the Meissen Church of Our Lady. The town of Meissen, designated as a Große Kreisstadt, serves as the administrative seat of the Meissen district.

In Germany, the name Meissen is the legally registered trademark of the State Porcelain Manufactory (Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen GmbH), while Meißen refers specifically to the city and municipality.

Große Kreisstadt
Große Kreisstadt (German: [ˈɡʁoːsə ˈkʁaɪsˌʃtat], "major district town") is a term in the municipal law (Gemeindeordnung) of several German states. In some federal states the term is used as a special legal status for a district-affiliated town—as distinct from an independent city—with additional competences in comparison with other municipalities of the district. The title is based on sovereign conferment by the state government.
Tyous Team of Commandos
The Tyous Team of Commandos – TTC (Arabic: فريق التيوس من المغاوير| Fariq Tyous min' al-Maghawir) or simply Tyous for short ('Tyous' means 'Male Goat' in Arabic, also translated as the "Stubborn Ones"; "Les Têtus", "Les Obstinés" in French), was a small Christian militia which fought in the 1975–78 phase of the Lebanese Civil War.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.