hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conoid
In geometry a conoid (from Greek  κωνος  'cone' and  -ειδης  'similar') is a ruled surface, whose rulings (lines) fulfill the additional conditions:

(1) All rulings are parallel to a plane, the directrix plane.

(2) All rulings intersect a fixed line, the axis.

The conoid is a right conoid if its axis is perpendicular to its directrix plane. Hence all rulings are perpendicular to the axis.

Because of (1) any conoid is a Catalan surface and can be represented parametrically by

Any curve x(u0,v) with fixed parameter u = u0 is a ruling, c(u) describes the directrix and the vectors r(u) are  all parallel to the directrix plane. The planarity of the vectors r(u) can be represented by

.

If the directrix is a circle, the conoid is called a circular conoid.

The term conoid was already used by Archimedes in his treatise On Conoids and Spheroides.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Charles H. Gray
Charles H. Gray (November 27, 1921 – August 2, 2008) was an American television and film actor.

Gray was best known for his work in the TV series Highway Patrol as Officer Edwards, trail scout Clay Forrester in Rawhide and as William "Bill" Foster, Sr. in the soap opera The Young and the Restless.

Beginning in mostly small uncredited roles in films by the middle 1950s, Gray acted primarily in Western TV series: The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, Gunsmoke, Black Saddle, The Texan, Yancy Derringer, Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre, Have Gun - Will Travel, Riverboat, Death Valley Days, Gunslinger, Laredo, The Road West, The Iron Horse, The High Chaparral, The Virginian, The Men From Shiloh (rebranded name for The Virginian), Bearcats!, Bonanza and Alias Smith and Jones. He also appeared in many TV movies.

Black Saddle
Black Saddle is an American Western television series starring Peter Breck that aired 44 half-hour black-and-white episodes from January 10, 1959, to May 6, 1960. The first season of 20 episodes aired on NBC from January 1959 to September 1959.  ABC picked up the second season in the 1959-1960 season with 24 new episodes produced. The half-hour program was produced by Dick Powell's Four Star Television, and the original backdoor pilot was an episode of CBS's Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre, with Chris Alcaide originally portraying the principal character, Clay Culhane, in an episode entitled "A Threat of Violence."
Mosolovo, Kursk Oblast
Mosolovo (Russian: Мосолово) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Makarovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  105 (2010 Census); 167 (2002 Census);

Seym (river)
The Seym or Seim (Russian: Сейм; Ukrainian: Сейм) is a river that flows westward in Russia and Ukraine. It is 748 kilometres (465 mi) long (250 km within Ukraine) and its basin area about 27,500 square kilometres (10,600 sq mi). It is the largest tributary of the Desna.

Places on the river include Kursk, Kurchatov, Rylsk, Glushkovo, Putyvl, Baturyn, and the junction with the Desna, which continues west and south past Chernihiv to Kyiv.

In September 2024, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian officials accused Russia of polluting the river by dumping sewage from a sugar factory in Tyotkino, Kursk Oblast, resulting in environmental damage estimated at about Hr 186 million ($4.5 million) in Chernihiv Oblast that included a decrease in oxygen levels and fish kills downstream.

The river also serves cooling water for the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant in Russia.
Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory
Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara, the CSIRO Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory was established by CSIRO, Australia's national science centre in 2009. It lies in a designated radio quiet zone located near Boolardy Station in the Murchison Shire of Western Australia, about 800 kilometres (500 mi) north of Perth on the traditional lands of the Wajarri people.

It is one of two core sites for the international Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, the other being located in South Africa. As part of this project, there have been two technology and science pathfinders, both established by 2012:

the radio telescopes known as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), a low-frequency array operating in the frequency range 80–300 MHz

the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP)

Construction on the main large SKA-Low telescope started in December 2022.

Several smaller experiments (CORE, EDGES, PAPER and SCOPE), unrelated to the SKA project, are also sited at the observatory.

Cattle station
In Australia and New Zealand, a cattle station is a large farm (station is equivalent to the American ranch), the main activity of which is the rearing of cattle. The owner of a cattle station is called a grazier. The largest cattle station in the world is Anna Creek Station in South Australia, which covers an area of 23,677 square kilometres (9,142 sq mi; 5,851,000 acres).
John Baselmans
John Baselmans (born May 20, 1954 in Waalre, North Brabant) is a Dutch artist, sculptor, graphic designer, and illustrator. He was born in Aalst but has lived and worked in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles since 1982.  Since 1984, Baselmans has designed postal stamps for the post office of the Netherlands Antilles and has worked as an illustrator for different schoolbooks. His pen drawings are made in a combination of pen and ink, color pencils, and soft pastel chalk.

Baselmans started to draw at the age of three. His father taught him woodcarving, working with clay, painting, and other techniques which he still uses. He attended the Graphic School (University) and The Free Academy in Eindhoven in the Netherlands. Afterwards, he attended several drawing courses such as airbrush and architectural rendering in the United States. More recently, he has organized exhibitions in several countries, and has written several e-books.

Pen
A pen is a common writing instrument that applies ink to a surface, typically paper, for writing or drawing. Early pens such as reed pens, quill pens, dip pens and ruling pens held a small amount of ink on a nib or in a small void or cavity that had to be periodically recharged by dipping the tip of the pen into an inkwell. 
Today, such pens find only a small number of specialized uses, such as in illustration and calligraphy. Reed pens, quill pens and dip pens, which were used for writing, have been replaced by ballpoint pens, rollerball pens, fountain pens and felt or ceramic tip pens.

Ruling pens, which were used for technical drawing and cartography, have been replaced by technical pens such as the Rapidograph. All of these modern pens contain internal ink reservoirs, such that they do not need to be dipped in ink while writing.
El-Khokha
The necropolis of El-Khokha (Arabic: الخوخه) is located on the west bank of the river Nile at Thebes, Egypt. The necropolis is surrounds a hill and has five Old Kingdom tombs and over 50 tombs from the 18th, 19th and 20th dynasties as well as some from the First Intermediate Period and the Late Period.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
WKJY
WKJY (98.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Hempstead, New York, and serving Nassau County, New York. It broadcasts an adult contemporary music format and is owned by Connoisseur Media.  WKJY's studios and offices are located at Airport Plaza in Farmingdale, New York, and its transmitter is located near the Southern State Parkway in Hempstead.

Hempstead (village), New York
Hempstead is a village located in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 59,169 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the most populous village in New York.

The Incorporated Village of Hempstead is the site of the seventeenth-century "town spot" from which English and Dutch settlers developed the Town of Hempstead, the Town of North Hempstead, and ultimately what would become Nassau County centuries later. It is the largest community by population in both the Town of Hempstead and Nassau County.

Hofstra University is partially located in Hempstead.
Joost de Valk
Joost de Valk is an entrepreneur and application software developer from Wijchen, Netherlands who is best known for Yoast SEO. De Valk started out as a consultant and blogger in 2004 before developing Yoast, one of the most successful plug-ins for WordPress.

Plug-in (computing)
In computing, a plug-in (also spelled plugin), add-in (also addin, add-on, or addon) or extension is a software component that extends the functionality of an existing software system without requiring the system to be re-built. A plug-in feature is one way that a system can be customizable.

Applications support plug-ins for a variety of reasons including:

Enable third-party developers to extend an application

Support easily adding new features

Reduce the size of an application by not loading unused features

Separate source code from an application because of incompatible software licenses
Tablers Station, West Virginia
Tabler Station is an unincorporated community in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States. It lies on County Route 32, south of Martinsburg off U.S. Route 11 near Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport.

The community most likely was named after the local Tabler family. The Tabler's Station Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

U.S. Route 11 in West Virginia
U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in the U.S. state of West Virginia spans 26.16 miles (42.10 km) across the Eastern Panhandle region. US 11 enters the state near Ridgeway and crosses into Maryland just south of Williamsport. The highway closely parallels Interstate 81 (I-81) for its entire length.
USS Chauncey
Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Chauncey to honor Commodore Isaac Chauncey.

USS Chauncey (DD-3), was a destroyer, which served from 1901 to 1917.

USS Chauncey (DD-296), was a Clemson-class destroyer, active 1918 to 1923.

USS Chauncey (DD-667), was a Fletcher-class destroyer during World War II.

USS Chauncey (DD-667)
USS Chauncey (DD-667) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy, the third Navy ship named for Commodore Isaac Chauncey (1779–1840).

Chauncey was launched 28 March 1943 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Kearny, New Jersey; sponsored by Mrs. R. K. Anderson; and commissioned 31 May 1943.
Dutch Nul group
The Dutch Nul Group, which consisted of Armando (1929-2018), Jan Henderikse (b. 1937), Henk Peeters (1925-2013) and Jan Schoonhoven (1914-1994), manifested itself in form and name in 1961. On 1 April 1961, a stone's throw from the Amsterdam Stedelijk Museum, Galerie 201 organized the ‘Internationale tentoonstelling van NIETS’ ('International Exhibition of NOTHING’). The 'Manifest tegen niets' ('Manifesto against Nothing') and 'Einde' ('Ending'), a pamphlet published at the same time, were among the first activities of the Nul group. ‘We need art like we need a hole in the head,’ the pamphlet 'Einde' states; ‘From now on the undersigned pledge to work to disband art circles and close down exhibition facilities, which can then finally be put to worthier use.’  The 'Einde' pamphlet imagines a new beginning, as Armando and Henk Peeters had already proclaimed in texts written several years earlier for the Dutch Informals.

Otto Piene
Otto Piene (PEE-nah, 18 April 1928 – 17 July 2014) was a German-American artist specializing in kinetic and technology-based art, often working collaboratively. He lived and worked in Düsseldorf, Germany; Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Groton, Massachusetts.
Esslingen, Switzerland
Esslingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɛslɪŋən] ⓘ) is a village in the municipality of Egg, Switzerland, in the canton of Zürich. It is located in the Pfannenstiel region, approximately 15 km (9 mi) southeast of Zürich. In the local dialect it is called Esslinge.

The population is 1,752 (as of 2012).

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
Platylesches dolomitica
Platylesches dolomitica, the hilltop hopper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is only known from dolomite ridges near Steelpoort in Mpumalanga, Horns Nek near Pretoria and Carletonville in Gauteng. The habitat consists of dolomite ridges in bushveld and sour grassland.

The wingspan is 32–35 mm for males and 33–37 mm for females. Adults are on wing from August to September. There is one generation per year.

The larvae probably feed on Parinari capensis.

Bushveld
The Bushveld (from Afrikaans: bosveld, Afrikaans: bos 'bush' and Afrikaans: veld) is a sub-tropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa. The ecoregion straddles the Tropic of Capricorn and constitutes the southern part of the Zambezian region. It encompasses most of Limpopo and a small part of North West in South Africa, the Central and North-East Districts of Botswana and the Matabeleland South and part of Matabeleland North provinces of Zimbabwe. The Kruger National Park has a number of 'Bushveld' camps, but these are strictly speaking in the lowveld, as these terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Although their limits are somewhat blurred, lowveld is generally restricted to the more easterly parts of South Africa and Zimbabwe.
Crisson Mine
Crisson Mine was a gold mine in Lumpkin County, Georgia, USA, located just east of Dahlonega.  Like many mines in the area, the property  probably started as a placer mine during the Georgia Gold Rush.  Once the placer deposits had been exhausted, an open pit gold mine was established in 1847 and commercial operations continued until the early 1980s. A small stamp mill was also established here. Much of the gold used for the gold leaf dome of the Georgia State Capitol was mined at this mine, which was among the most productive mines in the Georgia Gold Belt.  The mine is located just north of the site of the Consolidated Mine, which is itself north of the Calhoun Mine.

In 1969, the owners of Crisson Mine opened to the public to allow tourists to pan for gold.  The ore sold for panning is still crushed by the stamp mill, which is now well over 100 years old.  It is likely that panning the ore provided at the mine will yield small amounts of gold (flakes, specks, small nuggets).

Georgia State Capitol
The Georgia State Capitol is an architecturally and historically significant building in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The building has been named a National Historic Landmark which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As the primary office building of Georgia's government, the capitol houses the offices of the governor, lieutenant governor, and secretary of state on the second floor, chambers in which the General Assembly, consisting of the Georgia State Senate and Georgia House of Representatives, meets annually from January to April. The fourth floor houses visitors' galleries overlooking the legislative chambers and a museum located near the rotunda in which a statue of Miss Freedom caps the dome.
Heather Steacy
Heather Steacy (born April 14, 1988, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian track and field athlete competing in the hammer throw. She competed in the hammer throw event at the 2012 Summer Olympics where she finished 34th. She is the younger sister of Canadian Olympic hammer thrower James Steacy.

In July 2016 she was officially named to Canada's Olympic team.  She finished in 23rd place.

During the University of Lethbridge's 50th anniversary, Heather Steacy was named #7 Pronghorn of all time, recognizing not only her Olympic success, but also her 2 time win of the prestigious Pronghorn of the Year award.

Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's hammer throw
The women's hammer throw competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. The event was held at the Olympic Stadium on 8–10 August. Each athlete receives three throws in the qualifying round. All who achieve the qualifying distance progress to the final. If less than twelve athletes achieve this mark, then the twelve furthest throwing athletes reach the final. Each finalist is allowed three throws in last round, with the top eight athletes after that point being given three further attempts.
Boldizsár Kiss
Boldizsár Kiss (born 8 April 1985) is a Hungarian former swimmer, who specialized in freestyle and butterfly events. He won a silver medal in the 200 m butterfly at the 2003 European Junior Swimming Championships in Glasgow, Scotland. Kiss is a member of the swimming team for Syracuse Orange, and a graduate of information management and technology at Syracuse University in New York.

Kiss qualified for the men's 400 m freestyle at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by eclipsing a FINA B-standard entry time of 3:57.86 from the national championships in Székesfehérvár. He challenged seven other swimmers on the third heat, where South Korea's Park Tae-Hwan was disqualified for a false start. He rounded out the field to last place by more than three seconds behind Brazil's Bruno Bonfim in 4:02.87. Kiss failed to advance into the final, as he placed thirty-eighth overall on the first day of preliminaries.

Syracuse Orange
The Syracuse Orange are the athletic teams that represent Syracuse University. The school is a member of NCAA Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference. Until 2013, Syracuse was a member of the Big East Conference.

The school's mascot is Otto the Orange. Until 2004, the teams were known as the Orangemen and Orangewomen. The men's basketball, football, wrestling, men's lacrosse, and women's basketball teams play in the JMA Wireless Dome, referred to as the JMA Dome. Other sports facilities include the nearby John A. Lally Athletics Complex, the Tennity Ice Skating Pavilion, and Drumlins Country Club.
Imagix 4D
Imagix 4D is a source code analysis tool from Imagix Corporation, used primarily for understanding, documenting, and evolving existing C, C++ and Java software.

Applied technologies include full semantic source analysis. Software visualization supports program comprehension. Static data flow analysis-based verifications detect problems in variable usage, task interactions and concurrency.  Software metrics measure design quality and identify potential testing and maintenance issues.

Semantic analysis (compilers)
Semantic analysis or context sensitive analysis is a process in compiler construction, usually after parsing, to gather necessary semantic information from the source code. It usually includes type checking, or makes sure a variable is declared before use which is impossible to describe in the extended Backus–Naur form and thus not easily detected during parsing.
Dalgarno
Dalgarno is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Dalgarno (1928–2015), British physicist and astronomer

Anne Dalgarno (1909–1980), Australian politician

Brad Dalgarno (born 1967), Canadian ice hockey player

George Dalgarno (1616–1687), Scottish linguist

Joel Dalgarno (born 1987), Canadian lacrosse player

Lynn Dalgarno (born 1935), Australian geneticist

Roy Dalgarno (1910–2001), Australian artist

George Dalgarno
George Dalgarno (c. 1616 – 1687) was a Scottish intellectual interested in linguistic problems. Originally from Aberdeen, he later worked as a schoolteacher in Oxford in collaboration with John Wilkins, although the two parted company intellectually in 1659.
Smith's Magazine
Smith's Magazine was a Street & Smith magazine published monthly from April 1905 to February 1922.

Created for the "John Smiths" of the world, Theodore Dreiser was its initial editor; after a year, he moved to Broadway Magazine.  By the time Dreiser departed, the magazine had a circulation of 125,000.

Charles A. MacLean became editor of Smith's as well as another, more successful Street & Smith magazine, The Popular Magazine, for many years.

Originally a story magazine directed at the general public, it later focused on a female audience.  When the magazine ended its run, Street & Smith merged it and its mainly female readership into the newer, eventually even more successful Love Story Magazine.

Smith's was the first magazine to publish author Ben Ames Williams, in July 1915.

Theodore Dreiser
Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser (/ˈdraɪsər, -zər/; August 27, 1871 – December 28, 1945) was an American novelist and journalist of the naturalist school. His novels often featured main characters who succeeded at their objectives despite a lack of a firm moral code, and literary situations that more closely resemble studies of nature than tales of choice and agency. Dreiser's best-known novels include Sister Carrie (1900) and An American Tragedy (1925).
Rufete (grape)
Rufete is a red Spanish/Portuguese wine grape variety that is grown primarily used in port wine production in the Douro region of Portugal. It is also grown up along the Duero basin across the border in the Spanish province of Castile and León and can be found in the Dão DOC of Portugal where the variety is known as Tinta Pinheira.

Dão DOC
Dão is a Portuguese wine region situated in the Região Demarcada do Dão with the Dão-Lafões sub region of the Centro, Portugal. It is one of the oldest established wine regions in Portugal. Dão wine is produced in a mountainous region with a temperate climate, in the area of the Rio Mondego and Dão rivers in the north central region of Portugal. The region became a Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) appellation in 1908. The Dão region is the origin of the Touriga Nacional vine that is the principal component of port wine.