hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Giffen
George Giffen (27 March 1859 – 29 November 1927) was a  cricketer who played for South Australia and Australia. An all-rounder who batted in the middle order and often opened the bowling with medium-paced off-spin, Giffen captained Australia during the 1894–95 Ashes series and was the first Australian to score 10,000 runs and take 500 wickets in first-class cricket. He was inducted into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame on 26 February 2008. At the end of his test career in 1896 Griffin scored 1,238 runs with 1131 runs coming in the Ashes tests making him at the time the leading run getter in Ashes tests.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.
Minoo Moallem
Minoo Moallem  is an Iranian-born American educator, author, and scholar. She is a Professor of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of California at Berkeley. Her academic specialties are transnational and postcolonial feminist studies, religious nationalism and transnationalism, consumer culture, immigration and diaspora studies, Middle Eastern Studies and Iranian films, cultural politics. She is best known for her work on Islamic nationalism and fundamentalism as byproducts of colonial modernity and modernization of patriarchies.

She has been the director of media Studies at UC Berkeley since 2017. She was Chair of Gender and Women’s Studies Department at Berkeley from 2008 to 2010; and Chair of the Women’s and Gender Studies Department at San Francisco State University from 2001 to 2006.

Middle Eastern Studies (journal)
Middle Eastern Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal of Middle-Eastern studies. It was established in 1964 by Elie Kedourie, who served as editor-in-chief from 1964 to 1992, and is published by Taylor & Francis. From 1992 to 2016, the journal was edited by Sylvia Kedourie. It is now co-edited by Saul Kelly and Helen Kedourie.
Neil Vant
Thomas Neil Vant (born July 11, 1944) is an Anglican clergyman, prospector, businessman and former political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo from 1986 to 1991 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Social Credit member.

He was born in Nelson, British Columbia, the son of Thomas E. Vant and Helen Isabel Simpson, and was educated in Quesnel, at the B.C. Vocational School, at the University of British Columbia and at the Vancouver School of Theology. In 1970, he married Jeanne Stanton Parmucker. In 1988 and 1989, Vant served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Transportation and Highways.

Cariboo (provincial electoral district)
Cariboo was one of the twelve original electoral districts created when British Columbia (B.C.) became a Canadian province in 1871. Roughly corresponding to the old colonial electoral administrative district of the same name, it was a three-member riding until the 1894 election, when it was reduced through re-apportionment and became a two-member riding. It became a single-member riding for the 1916 election, then briefly regained a second member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in 1986 before its abolishment in 1991.

It produced many notable MLAs, including George Anthony Boomer Walkem, third and fifth holder of the office of premier of British Columbia and one of the first representatives elected from the riding; John Robson, ninth premier of B.C.; and Robert Bonner, a powerful minister in the W. A. C. Bennett cabinet, and later CEO of MacMillan Bloedel and BC Hydro.
Pilcomayo Department
Pilcomayo is a department in the Argentine province of Formosa. Its capital is Clorinda, the second most populous city in the province. Pilcomayo has a surface of 5,342 km2 and a population of 78,114 according to the 2001 census [INDEC]. Other communities in Pilcomayo include Laguna Blanca, Laguna Naick Neck, Riacho He-Hé and Siete Palmas. The Pilcomayo River National Park (Parque Nacional Río Pilcomayo) is about 45 kilometers west of Clorinda, crossed by the Pilcomayo River.

Río Pilcomayo National Park
The Río Pilcomayo National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Río Pilcomayo) is a national park located in the northeastern part of the Argentine province of Formosa, on the border with Paraguay. Established on September 29, 1951 to protect the natural features (grasslands, marshes, creeks, lakes and forests), typical of the Humid Chaco ecoregion, the park is included in the Ramsar Convention's list of wetlands of international importance.
Stanislav Rajdl
Stanislav Rajdl (26 June 1911 – 13 May 1978) was a Czech boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics for Czechoslovakia. In 1936 he was eliminated in the first round of the welterweight class after losing his fight to Raúl Rodríguez.

Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Welterweight
The men's welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the fourth-heaviest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 147 pounds (66.7 kilograms). The competition was held from Monday, August 10, 1936, to Saturday, August 15, 1936. Twenty-four boxers from 24 nations competed.
Transpiration
Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem.

The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem.

Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. It is a passive process that requires no energy expense by the plant. Transpiration also cools plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients. When water uptake by the roots is less than the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation, plants close small pores called stomata to decrease water loss, which slows down nutrient uptake and decreases CO2 absorption from the atmosphere limiting metabolic processes, photosynthesis, and growth.

Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. Potential osmotic pressure is the maximum osmotic pressure that could develop in a solution if it was not separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.

Osmosis occurs when two solutions containing different concentrations of solute are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solvent molecules pass preferentially through the membrane from the low-concentration solution to the solution with higher solute concentration. The transfer of solvent molecules will continue until osmotic equilibrium is attained.
Food Network Star season 11
The eleventh season of the American reality television series Food Network Star premiered June 7, 2015  on Food Network. Food Network chefs Bobby Flay and Giada de Laurentiis returned to the series as judges, with Alton Brown not returning for undisclosed reasons. This season also continued the inclusion of Star Salvation, a six-week webseries that featured the most recently eliminated contestant competing against the remaining previously eliminated contestants for a chance to re-enter the main Food Network Star competition.

This season also returned to the practice of the winner of the competition being chosen by the Food Network staff, rather than by viewers as in the three previous seasons.

Adjudicator
An adjudicator is someone who presides, judges, and arbitrates during a formal dispute or competition. They have numerous purposes, including preliminary legal judgments, to determine applicant eligibility, or to assess contenders' performance in competitions.
Taubenkopf
Taubenkopf is the name of the following hills in Germany:

Taubenkopf (Haardt), a hill in the Haardt mountains of Rhineland-Palatinate

Taubenkopf (Sickingen Heights), a hill in the northern part of the Sickingen Heights

Sickingen Heights
The Sickingen Heights (German: Sickinger Höhe) form a landscape in the western part of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The region was named after the family of imperial knight, Franz von Sickingen (1481–1523), because most of the area belonged to the territory of the House of Sickingen in the Middle Ages.
Optical axis grating
Optical axis gratings (OAGs) are gratings of optical axis of a birefringent material. In OAGs, the birefringence of the material is constant, while the direction of optical axis is periodically modulated in a fixed direction. In this way they are different from the regular phase gratings, in which the refractive index is modulated and the direction of the optical axis is constant.

The optical axis in OAGs can be modulated in either transverse or the longitudinal direction, which causes it to act as a diffractive or a reflective component. Numerous modulation profiles allow variation in the optical properties of the OAGs.

Optical axis
An optical axis is an imaginary line that passes through the geometrical center of an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight. Lens elements often have  rotational symmetry about the axis.

The optical axis defines the path along which light propagates through the system, up to first approximation. For a system composed of simple lenses and mirrors, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry. The optical axis is often coincident with the system's mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off-axis optical systems.

For an optical fiber, the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core, and is also known as the fiber axis.
Winston Glacier
Winston Glacier (53°9′S 73°38′E﻿ / ﻿53.150°S 73.633°E﻿ / -53.150; 73.633) is a glacier flowing to Winston Lagoon on the southeast side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. Its terminus is at Winston Lagoon, between Cape Lockyer and Oatt Rocks. To the northeast of Winston Glacier is Stephenson Glacier, the terminus of which is located between Dovers Moraine and Stephenson Lagoon. To the southwest of Winston Glacier is Fiftyone Glacier, whose terminus is located between Lavett Bluff and Lambeth Bluff.

Winston Lagoon
Winston Lagoon (53°9′S 73°39′E﻿ / ﻿53.150°S 73.650°E﻿ / -53.150; 73.650) is a lagoon indenting the southeast coast of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean, about 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) northeast of Cape Lockyer. The feature is roughly portrayed on an American sealer chart of the 1860 period. It was sighted from the air by Lieutenant Malcolm Smith, RAAF, pilot of the ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) seaplane that made the first reconnaissance flight over the island in 1948. Lieutenant Smith proposed that it be named Lake Winston after his wife. In view of his death in an aircraft accident shortly afterward, this proposal was adopted by Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (ANCA) with only a change of generic term.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Winston Lagoon". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Ibele
Ibele is an autonomous community located in the Njaba Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. It is situated along the old Douglas road, stretching from Afor-Umuaka westward to Ukworji in Eziama-Obiator, Mbaitoli Local Government Area, and then to Oguta.

Ibele community is bounded to the north by Ugbele-Akah, to the east by Amiyi-Akah, to the west by Amazano and Obeakpu communities, all within Njaba Local Government Area. To the south, it is bounded by Afara and Eziama-Obiator communities in Mbaitoli Local Government Area.

Njaba River
Njaba River (also Njaba), in the Niger Delta Basin is a major tributary of Oguta Lake in Nigeria's South East Imo State. With 4.5m mean depth, the river has a total stream length of 78.2 km, basin area of 145.63 square kilometers and an average specific discharge of about 1700 m3/hour.
Paddy Dixon
Paddy Dixon (1923 – 20 August 2007) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a centre-back at senior level for the Meath county team.

Dixon became a regular member of the Meath senior team during the 1949 championship. He went on to play a key role during a golden age for Meath, and won one All-Ireland medal, one Leinster medal and one National League medals. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

Meath county football team
The Meath county football team represents Meath in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Meath GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Meath's home ground is Páirc Tailteann, Navan. The team's manager is Robbie Brennan.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 2010, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1999 and the National League in 1994.
Dannel McCollum
Dannel McCollum is a former American politician who served as the mayor of Champaign, Illinois, from 1987 to 1999.

He is also the author of the book The Lord Was Not on Trial about his mother Vashti McCollum's landmark 1948 Supreme Court case McCollum v. Board of Education, which struck down religious education in public schools. He also wrote the book Remembering Champaign County.

McCollum v. Board of Education
McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case related to the power of a state to use its tax-supported public school system to aid religious instruction. The case was a test of the separation of church and state with respect to education.

The case tested the principle of "released time" in which public schools set aside class time for religious instruction. The Court struck down a Champaign, Illinois, program as unconstitutional because of the public school system's involvement in the administration, organization, and support of religious instruction classes. The Court noted that some 2,000 communities nationwide offered similar released time programs affecting 1.5 million students.
Ear trumpet
An ear trumpet is a tubular or funnel-shaped device which collects sound waves and leads them into the ear. They are used as hearing aids, resulting in a strengthening of the sound energy impact to the eardrum and thus improved hearing for a deaf or hard-of-hearing individual.  Ear trumpets were made of sheet metal, silver, wood, snail shells or animal horns. They have largely been replaced in wealthier areas of the world by modern hearing aid technology that is much smaller and less obtrusive, albeit more expensive.

A sound trumpet does not "amplify" sound. It takes the sound power received over a large area and concentrates it into a smaller area. The received sound is louder, but no power has been created in the process.

Eardrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressure of sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea. The ear thereby converts and amplifies vibration in the air to vibration in cochlear fluid. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles.

Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. Collapse or retraction of the eardrum can cause conductive hearing loss or cholesteatoma.
Anna Bogren
Anna Bogren (born 3 February 1965) is a Swedish orienteering competitor.  She won the 1993 Short distance World Orienteering Championships, and finished third in 1995. She is two times Relay World Champion, from 1993 and 1997, and has a silver medal from 1995, as member of the Swedish winning teams.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Aguiar da Beira (freguesia)
Aguiar da Beira is a former freguesia ("civil parish") in Aguiar da Beira Municipality, Guarda District, Portugal. It was merged with Coruche in 2013 to form the new freguesia Aguiar da Beira e Coruche. The Pillory of Aguiar da Beira is located in this former freguesia.

Guarda District
The District of Guarda (Portuguese: Distrito de Guarda [ˈɡwaɾðɐ] ⓘ) is located in the Centro Region of Portugal, except Vila Nova de Foz Côa, which is in the Norte Region. The district capital and most populous city is Guarda. It borders Castile and León, Spain.
Irish and Proud of It (film)
Irish and Proud of It is a 1936 comedy film directed and co-written by Donovan Pedelty and starring Richard Hayward, Dinah Sheridan and Liam Gaffney produced in the Irish Free State period. In the film, a popular London-based Irish singer announces one evening how much he would love to go home to his home village in rural Ireland. For a prank, some of his friends take him up on this offer. He is kidnapped and deposited on a wild moor. He returns to the village of his youth, slightly disorientated, and battles an American gangster who has taken control of the settlement.

It was made at Wembley Studios as a quota quickie for release by the British subsidiary of Paramount Pictures.

Fountain Studios
Fountain Studios was an independently owned television studio in Wembley Park, north-west London, England. The company was last part of the Avesco Group plc.

Several companies owned the site before it was bought by Fountain in 1993. Originally a film studio complex, as Wembley Studios it was formerly the base for the ITV London weekday franchise holder Rediffusion from 1955 to 1968, and London Weekend Television from 1968 to 1972. More recently, the studios were best known for being the venue for the live stages of ITV British shows The X Factor and Britain's Got Talent.

The last show to be broadcast live (and recorded) at the studios was The X Factor on 4 December 2016, after which the studio was closed, and the site sold to property developer Quintain. It is now known as Troubadour Wembley Park Theatre.
James Archibald Kiteley
James Archibald Kiteley (March 23, 1886 – 1965) was a physician and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Torch River in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1938 to 1944 as a Liberal.

He was born in Simcoe County, Ontario and, in 1905, moved with his mother and brothers to a homestead in Tugaske, Saskatchewan. Kiteley studied medicine at the University of Manitoba, receiving his M.D. in 1915, and set up practice in Tugaske. In 1919, he moved north to the Nipawin area. Kiteley retired from medical practice in 1960.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Rebouças
Rebouças is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. Being filled with some hills in the surroundings and some parts of the city, the high structures are a tower in the hill of Mourão and the church in the city center. (being a part of the Catholic church), One dominant group of ethnicities in the city are Polish and Ukrainians.

South Region, Brazil
The South Region of Brazil (Região Sul do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈsuw du bɾaˈziw]) is one of the five regions of Brazil. It includes the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, and covers 576,409.6 square kilometres (222,553.0 sq mi), being the smallest region of the country, occupying only about 6.76% of the territory of Brazil. Its whole area is smaller than that of the state of Minas Gerais, in Southeast Brazil, for example or the whole metropolitan France.

It is a tourist, economic and cultural pole. It borders Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay, as well as the Centre-West and Southeast regions, and the Atlantic Ocean. The region is considered the safest in Brazil to visit, having a lower crime rate than other regions in the country.
Mentor (A'lars)
Mentor (A'lars) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Iron Man #55 (February 1973), and was created by Jim Starlin.

Mentor is the leader of the Titanian colony, and the father of Thanos and Starfox, the adoptive father of Moondragon, the son of Kronos, the brother of Zuras, and the nephew of Uranos. His back-story was based on Greek mythology. Some years later, he was retconned to be a member of the Eternals, a race in the Marvel Universe created by Jack Kirby, separately based on Greek mythology.

Jim Starlin
James P. Starlin (born October 9, 1949) is an American comics artist and writer. Beginning his career in the early 1970s, he is best known for space opera stories, for revamping the Marvel Comics characters Captain Marvel and Adam Warlock, and for creating or co-creating the Marvel characters Thanos, Drax the Destroyer, Gamora, and Shang-Chi. Starlin wrote the miniseries The Infinity Gauntlet and its many sequels including The Infinity War and The Infinity Crusade, all detailing Thanos's pursuit of the Infinity Gems and his conflict with the heroes of the Marvel Universe.

For DC Comics, he drew many iconic characters, including Darkseid, and wrote the seminal storyline A Death in the Family which featured the death of Jason Todd, the second Robin, during his run on Batman. For Epic Illustrated, he created his own character, Dreadstar.