hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Digraphia
In sociolinguistics, digraphia refers to the use of more than one writing system for the same language. Synchronic digraphia is the coexistence of two or more writing systems for the same language, while diachronic digraphia or sequential digraphia is the replacement of one writing system by another for a particular language.

Hindustani, with an Urdu literary standard written in Urdu alphabet and a Hindi standard written in Devanagari, is one of the "textbook examples" of synchronic digraphia, cases where writing systems are used contemporaneously. An example of diachronic digraphia, where one writing system replaces another, occurs in the case of Turkish, for which the traditional Arabic writing system was replaced with a Latin-based system in 1928.

Digraphia has implications in language planning, language policy, and language ideology.

Gurmukhi
Gurmukhī (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ [ˈɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː], Shahmukhi: گُرمُکھی) is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). Commonly regarded as a Sikh script, Gurmukhi is used in Punjab, India as the official script of the Punjabi language.

The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha or "saint language", in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages.

Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-five original letters, hence its common alternative term paintī or "the thirty-five", plus six additional consonants, nine vowel diacritics, two diacritics for nasal sounds, one diacritic that geminates consonants and three subscript characters.
Denis Saverot
Denis Saverot is a French author and the editor of the French wine publication La Revue du vin de France.

In 2008 Saverot accused the French government of contempt for French culture, after a Paris court ruled that a Le Parisien article on Champagne was considered advertising subject to the Evin law, regulating alcohol and tobacco advertising.

Saverot co-authored the 2008 book In Vino Satanas with the Le Journal du Dimanche journalist Benoist Simmat, describing a French wine industry that is currently in a crisis and accusing the French government of subverting the French wine industry in favour of the pharmaceutical industry.

Saverot has also written the foreword to the bande dessinée comic book written by Simmat and illustrated by Philippe Bercovici, satirising the American wine critic Robert M. Parker, Jr., titled Robert Parker: Les Sept Pêchés capiteux.

Le Parisien
Le Parisien (lit. 'The Parisian') is a French newspaper that covers international and national news as well as local news from the Paris area. It has been a subsidiary of Bernard Arnault's LVMH since 2015.
Government Engineering College Raipur
Government Engineering College, Raipur (GEC Raipur) is a public engineering college located in Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Established in 2006, it is affiliated with Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, and recognized by AICTE, New Delhi.

The college offers undergraduate degree courses in various engineering disciplines, including Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, and Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering. The campus is equipped with modern facilities such as laboratories, workshops, smart classrooms, an e-library, Wi-Fi, and an auditorium.

Various student clubs and societies are active on campus, including AVESH Club, SAE Club, CODE Club, E-CELL Club, and LOK Club under the START-UP CELL initiative. These clubs foster extracurricular activities, innovation, and entrepreneurship among students

Bhilai
Bhilai is a city in Durg district of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, in eastern central India. Along with its twin-city Durg, the urban agglomeration of Durg-Bhilai Nagar has a population of more than a million, making it the second most populous urban area in Chhattisgarh after Raipur. The Bhilai metropolis contains three municipal corporations: Bhilai Municipal Corporation, Bhilai Charoda Municipal Corporation and Risali Municipal Corporation.

Bhilai is a major industrial and educational hub of central India. The city is home to several industries like Bhilai Steel Plant, Jaypee Cement, Orient Cement, NSPCL Bhilai Power Plant, Steel Authority of India, FSNL and ACC Cement. The city is home to the Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, as well as the Bhilai Institute of Technology. Risali is an emerging hub with its own municipal corporation.
The city also has the state's oldest zoo, Maitri Bagh.
Jacob Junior Nayinggul
Jacob Junior Nayinggul is an Australian actor. His first screen role was in the feature film High Ground. For his role in the film he was nominated for the 2021 AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.

He portrayed historical figure Woollarawarre Bennelong in reenactment sequences in the 2022 documentary series The Australian Wars.

In 2022, Jacob was cast in Matthew Holmes' shark thriller Fear Below as Jimmy Barriakada.

The Australian Wars
The Australian Wars (known internationally as First Wars) is a three-part 2022 documentary series about the Australian frontier wars, directed and narrated by Indigenous Australian filmmaker Rachel Perkins and made for SBS Television. Using interviews, re-enactments, archaeological research, and original documents, it explores massacres in Sydney, Tasmania, and Queensland.

The series received positive reviews, with a number of people calling it "essential viewing" for Australians. However, others have criticised it as exaggerating the number of Aboriginal deaths and promoting a political agenda. In response to the series, the Australian War Memorial announced it would work towards great inclusion of the violence against Indigenous people in its exhibitions. The series won the 2023 Silver Logie for Most Outstanding Factual or Documentary Program.
SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education
The Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education award is a prize granted by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Special Interest Group (SIG) on Computer science education (SIGCSE). Outstanding contributions can include curriculum design, innovative teaching methods, authorship of textbooks, and the development of novel teaching tools. The award has been granted annually since 1981. The SIGCSE website contains more information about the awardees.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Two Cents Worth of Hope
Two Cents Worth of Hope (Italian: Due soldi di speranza) is a 1952 film directed by Renato Castellani. It is the third part of Castellani's Young Love trilogy, following Sotto il sole di Roma (1948) and È primavera...(1950).

It shared the Grand Prix prize with Othello at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

Ministry of Culture (Italy)
The Ministry of Culture (Italian: Ministero della Cultura - MiC) is the ministry of the Government of Italy in charge of national museums and maintenance of historical monuments. MiC's headquarters are located in the historic Collegio Romano Palace (via del Collegio Romano 27, in central Rome) and the current Minister of Culture is Alessandro Giuli.
Boulard
Boulard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Auguste Boulard (1825–1897), French painter

Auguste Laurent Boulard (1852–1927), French painter and engraver

Garry Boulard (born 1953), American reporter and author

Hubert Boulard (1971–2020), French comics writer and colorist

Jean-Claude Boulard (1943–2018), French politician

Martin Silvestre Boulard (1748–1809), French printer-bookseller

Jean-Claude Boulard
Jean-Claude Boulard (28 March 1943 – 1 June 2018) was a French politician. He was mayor of Le Mans from 2001 until his death, senator from 2014 to 2017, and deputy of National Assembly from 1988 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 2002.
Balaustium bipilum
Balaustium bipilum is a species of mite belonging to the family Erythraeidae. This long-oval shaped, sparsely hairy orange mite is less than 1 mm in length with one pair of eyes set well back on the body. It can be distinguished from similar species by the crista (a sclerotized sensory organ at the highest point of the abdomen) projecting forward beyond the margin of the body and the clear suture dividing the upper abdomen. This species is endemic to South Africa.

Sclerite
A sclerite (Greek σκληρός, sklēros, meaning "hard") is a hardened body part. In various branches of biology the term is applied to various structures, but not as a rule to vertebrate anatomical features such as bones and teeth. Instead it refers most commonly to the hardened parts of arthropod exoskeletons and the internal spicules of invertebrates such as certain sponges and soft corals. In paleontology, a scleritome is the complete set of sclerites of an organism, often all that is known from fossil invertebrates.
Cape Fear High School
Cape Fear High School is a public secondary school in the eastern region of Cumberland County in the unincorporated community of Vander, North Carolina, to the east of Fayetteville, North Carolina. The Cape Fear school attendance area is the largest in the county by area size.

Cumberland County, North Carolina
Cumberland County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 334,728, making it the fifth-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Fayetteville. Cumberland County is part of the Fayetteville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rex Hughes
Rex Hughes (September 24, 1938 – May 9, 2016) was an American college and professional basketball coach. He coached men's basketball at Long Beach City College, Kent State University, and later served as a National Basketball Association (NBA) assistant coach. He served as head coach for part of a season with the Sacramento Kings, and a single game as an interim coach with the San Antonio Spurs.  Hughes also worked in NBA scouting and basketball operations with the Kings, Atlanta Hawks and Orlando Magic. Hughes went to Redondo High School and played college basketball at Pepperdine.

Orlando Magic
The Orlando Magic are an American professional basketball team based in Orlando, Florida. The Magic compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference. The franchise was established in 1989 as an expansion franchise. Notable NBA stars as Shaquille O'Neal, Penny Hardaway, Grant Hill, Tracy McGrady, and Dwight Howard, have played for the club throughout its history. As of 2024, the franchise has played in the NBA playoffs 17 times in 35 seasons, and twice went to the NBA Finals, in 1995 and 2009, losing to the Houston Rockets and the Los Angeles Lakers, respectively.
Act of Passion
Lettre à mon juge (Letter to My Judge) was written by Belgian author Georges Simenon in 1946 during his stay at Bradenton Beach, Florida and published in Paris the following year by Presses de la Cité. It is a dark psychological account of a man overcome by buried passions who becomes a murderer.

Unusually among Simenon's output, it is written in the first person.

The novel was first published in English in 1953 by Routledge & Kegan Paul, translated by Louise Varèse. Most English readers know it under the title Act of Passion.

Bradenton Beach, Florida
Bradenton Beach is a city on Anna Maria Island in Manatee County, Florida, United States. The population was 908 at the 2020 census, down from 1,171 in 2010. It is part of the North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The city occupies the southern part of Anna Maria Island and is one of three municipalities on the island. The others are Holmes Beach in the center and Anna Maria in the north.
USS Birmingham (SSN-695)
USS Birmingham (SSN-695), a Los Angeles-class submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Birmingham, Alabama. The contract to build her was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia on 24 January 1972 and her keel was laid down on 26 April 1975.  She was launched on 29 October 1977 sponsored by Mrs. Maryon Pittman Allen, wife of Senator James Allen, and commissioned on 16 December 1978.

Birmingham was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 22 December 1997. Ex-Birmingham was scheduled to enter the Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program in Bremerton, Washington on 1 October 2012. In September 2015, Birmingham's sail was placed on static display at Defense Supply Center, Columbus.

Ship-Submarine Recycling Program
The Ship-Submarine Recycling Program (SRP) is the process that the United States Navy uses to dispose of decommissioned nuclear vessels.  SRP takes place only at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (PSNS) in Bremerton, Washington, but the preparations can begin elsewhere.
Teltschik
The ethnically German Teltschik family forms an uninterrupted lineage which dates back to 1301 and which for nearly six hundred years held a hereditary judgeship in their historic homestead of Zauchtel.  Formerly part of the Austrian Empire, Zauchtel is in the Sudetenland and is now part the Province of Moravia in the Czech Republic.

As a celebration of 700 years of family history, the Teltschik Tower was erected in 2001 near Wilhelmsfeld, Germany.  There is also a memorial at the Masonic Cemetery in Weimar, Texas commemorating the immigration of three Teltschik brothers to the rolling hills of Central and Southeast Texas in the latter part of the nineteenth century, part of a greater wave of German and Czech immigration to that region.

Teltschik Tower
Teltschik Tower is a 41-metre-high observation tower built of wood in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany. There is a viewing platform at a height of 36 meters.

The tower was built by Walter Teltschik, a citizen of Wilhelmsfeld, in remembrance of his origins in the Kuhländchen near Brno, a part of the former Sudetenland (modern-day Czech Republic). From the top of the tower there is a view over the hills of the Odenwald (mountainous region in southern Germany) and as well to the Rhine Valley near Mannheim and the Black Forest.
Druid: Daemons of the Mind
Druid: Daemons of the Mind is an action role-playing video game developed by British studio Synthetic Dimensions and published by Sir-Tech for MS-DOS. It was later ported to Microsoft Windows, PlayStation and Sega Saturn by Koei in Japan.

Koei
Koei Co., Ltd. was a Japanese video game publisher, developer, and distributor founded in 1978. The company is known for its historical simulation games based on the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, as well as simulation games based on pseudo-historical events.

Koei found mainstream success in its series of loosely historical action games such as Dynasty Warriors and Samurai Warriors, also known as the Musō series. It also owned a division known as Ruby Party, which focuses on otome games.

On April 1, 2009, Koei merged with Tecmo to create the Tecmo Koei Holdings holding company. After operating as subsidiaries of Tecmo Koei Holdings for exactly a year, Koei and Tecmo were combined as a single company on April 1, 2010 to form Tecmo Koei Games (with Koei as the actual surviving corporation).
Gary Howard Klar
Gary Howard Klar (March 24, 1947 – December 31, 2020) was an American actor known for his role as Pvt. Steel in George A. Romero's cult classic zombie film Day of the Dead. He also appeared in Married to the Mob (1988), Big (1988), and Hackers (1995).

Married to the Mob
Married to the Mob is a 1988 American crime romantic comedy film directed by Jonathan Demme, written by Barry Strugatz and Mark R. Burns, and starring Michelle Pfeiffer, Matthew Modine, Dean Stockwell, Mercedes Ruehl, and Alec Baldwin. Pfeiffer plays Angela de Marco, a gangster's widow from Long Island, opposite Modine as the undercover FBI agent assigned the task of investigating her mafia connections.

The film was released on August 19, 1988, by Orion Pictures. It earned positive reviews from critics and earned several accolades; Pfeiffer was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical, and Stockwell was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Demme called it "a complete escapist fantasy... fun to do, and very cathartic, revivifying."
Winwood
Winwood is a British surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Estelle Winwood (1883–1984), British actress

Muff Winwood (born 1943), British musician and record company executive, brother of Steve Winwood

Ralph Winwood (c. 1562–1617), British politician and diplomat

Steve Winwood (born 1948), British musician
Winwood (album), a 1972 compilation album featuring the music of Steve Winwood

Winwood, the fictional main character of the game Fate: Gates of Dawn

Muff Winwood
Mervyn "Muff" Winwood (born 15 June 1943, Erdington, Birmingham, England) is an English songwriter and record producer. The elder brother of Steve Winwood, both were members of The Spencer Davis Group in the 1960s, in which Muff played bass guitar. Following his departure from the group he became an A&R executive and record producer.
Wu Yao-ting
Wu Yao-ting (Chinese: 吳耀庭; 20 June 1926 – 4 February 2012) was a Taiwanese businessman, best known as the founder of the President Department Store and other companies such as supermarket, hotel, and various food industry businesses.

In 1958, Wu established the department store Ta Shing (大新百貨), the first department store in Taiwan to have an escalator. In 1975, he subsequently established the President Department Store (大統百貨), the largest department store in Taiwan at that time. In 1984, Wu founded the Talee Department Store (大立百貨), which later became a Japanese-style department store Talee-Isetan (大立伊勢丹).

Additionally, Wu also founded Hotel Kingdom (華王飯店) and collaborated with Costco in Taiwan to operate several warehouse supermarkets.  The department stores, hotels, supermarkets and shopping malls established by Wu are now being managed by the President Group (大統集團).

Wu died at Kaohsiung General Veterans Hospital (高雄榮民總醫院) on 4 February 2012.

Escalator
An escalator is a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building or structure. It consists of a motor-driven chain of individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair of tracks which keep the step tread horizontal.

Escalators are often used around the world in places where lifts would be impractical, or they can be used in conjunction with them. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls, airports, transit systems (railway/railroad stations), convention centers, hotels, arenas, stadiums and public buildings.

Escalators have the capacity to move large numbers of people. They have no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic). They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits and may be weatherproofed for outdoor use. A non-functional escalator can function as a normal staircase, whereas many other methods of transport become useless when they break down or lose power.
Nzema Kotoko F.C.
Nzema Kotoko Football Club is a Ghanaian professional football club based in Nzema in the Western Region of Ghana. The club currently competes in Zone Two of the Division One League which is the second tier of the football league system in Ghana, and the MTN FA Cup. They are rivals with city neighbours Karela United.

Western Region (Ghana)
The Western region, located in south Ghana, spreads from the Ivory Coast (Comoé District) in the west to the Central region in the east, includes the capital and large twin city of Sekondi-Takoradi on the coast, coastal Axim, and a hilly inland area including Elubo. It includes Ghana's southernmost location, Cape Three Points, where crude oil was discovered in commercial quantities in June 2007. The region covers an area of 13,842 km2, and had a population of 2,060,585 at the 2021 Census. It has a coastline that stretches from South Ghana's border with the Ivory Coast to the boundary with the Central region on the east.
Hidenobu Yonekura
Hidenobu Yonekura (born 1 May 1997) is a Japanese artistic gymnast. He is the 2021 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships silver medalist in Vault. His first international success was at the 2019 World Cup where he won gold in the vault event in Szombathely. In the 2019 World Cup he won another gold in vault at Doha.

Szombathely
Szombathely (Hungarian: [ˈsombɒthɛj]; German: Steinamanger [ˌʃtaɪnaˈmaŋɐ] ⓘ; also see names) is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas County in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria. Szombathely lies by the streams Perint and Gyöngyös (literally "pearly"), where the Alpokalja (Lower Alps) mountains meet the Little Hungarian Plain. The oldest city in Hungary, Szombathely is known as the birthplace of Saint Martin of Tours.
Egoitz García
Egoitz García Echeguibel (born 31 March 1986) is a Spanish professional road bicycle racer who last rode for UCI Continental team Equipo Bolivia. He formerly rode for UCI Professional Continental Team Cofidis.

Born in Barakaldo, García has competed as a professional since the start of the 2010 season, riding as a member of the Caja Rural squad for two seasons before joining Cofidis for the 2012 season. In August 2012, García took his first victory for the team, by winning the two-stage Paris–Corrèze race in France; having finished with the peloton in stage one, García finished second to FDJ–BigMat's Kenny Elissonde on the final stage, after the pair had broken away from the main field. In December 2014 it was announced that García would join the new Basque-based Murias Taldea team for 2015.

Barakaldo
Barakaldo (Spanish: Baracaldo; Basque: Barakaldo [baɾakalðo]) is a municipality located in the Biscay province in the Basque Country in Spain. Located on the Left Bank of the Estuary of Bilbao, the city is part of Greater Bilbao, has a population as of the 2019 census at 100,881. Barakaldo has an industrial river-port heritage and has undergone significant redevelopment with new commercial and residential areas replacing the once active industrial zones.
Temari Matsumoto
Temari Matsumoto (松本 テマリ, Matsumoto Temari) born April 8, is a Japanese manga artist and illustrator from Nagano Prefecture.

She illustrates yaoi light novels and manga. She chose Temari as her pen name since the town she is from, Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, is known for making temari.

Temari (toy)
Temari (手毬) balls are a folk art form and Japanese craft, originating in China and introduced to Japan around the 7th century A.D. Temari means "hand ball" in Japanese. Balls made from embroidery may be used in handball games and other such similar games (e.g., hacky sack). An accessory similar in appearance (and constructed with similar techniques and materials), but with the addition of a hand-strap (made with either satin cord or ribbon) and a tassel, can serve as an accessory for a kimono, as a kimono bag.