hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mitchell Aboulafia
Mitchell Aboulafia is an American philosopher, social theorist, and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Manhattan College. He is known for his works on American pragmatism and George Herbert Mead's thought.

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
2016–17 Coupe de France preliminary rounds
The 2016–17 Coupe de France preliminary rounds made up the qualifying competition to decide which teams took part in the main competition from round 7. This was the 100th season of the main football cup competition of France. The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and was open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (qualification via 2016 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (qualification via 2016 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).

The qualifying rounds took place between March and October 2016.

Tahiti Cup
The Tahiti Cup (also known as Coupe de Polynésie or Coupe de Tahiti Nui) is the premier football knockout tournament in French Polynesia. It was created in 1938, and gives the winner of the tournament a berth in the Coupe de France.

Between 2001 and 2006 two cup competitions were held in parallel.
Reissella
Reissella is a monotypic genus of benthic forams with a test of microgranular calcite from the upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Israel. The test starts off planispirally enrolled and involute but later may tend to uncoil and flare with as many as ten chambers in the final whorl. The interior as with other spirocyclinids is complex. Other Late Cretaceous spirocyclinids include Qataria and Sornayina.

Involute
In mathematics, an involute (also known as an evolvent) is a particular type of curve that is dependent on another shape or curve. An involute of a curve is the locus of a point on a piece of taut string as the string is either unwrapped from or wrapped around the curve.

The evolute of an involute is the original curve.

It is generalized by the roulette family of curves. That is, the involutes of a curve are the roulettes of the curve generated by a straight line.

The notions of the involute and evolute of a curve were introduced by Christiaan Huygens in his work titled Horologium oscillatorium sive de motu pendulorum ad horologia aptato demonstrationes geometricae (1673), where he showed that the involute of a cycloid is still a cycloid, thus providing a method for constructing the cycloidal pendulum, which has the useful property that its period is independent of the amplitude of oscillation.
Karl Blake
Karl Blake (born 1956 in Reading, Berkshire, England) is a vocalist, bassist, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist. Most of his own music can be described as progressive-experimental and sometimes psychedelic.

Bassist
A bassist (also known as a bass player or bass guitarist) is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar (electric bass, acoustic bass), keyboard bass (synth bass) or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or trombone. Many musical genres tend to be associated with at least one or more of these instruments.
School of Fine Arts of Casablanca
The School of Fine Arts of Casablanca (Arabic: المدرسة العليا للفنون الجميلة بالدار البيضاء, French: l'Ecole des Beaux-Arts de Casablanca) is a Fine arts school established in 1919 in Casablanca, Morocco. It was the origin of the modernist Casablanca School art movement led by faculty members Farid Belkahia, Mohamed Melehi, and Mohamed Chabâa in the 1960s.

Lycée Lyautey
Lycée Lyautey is a French institution of secondary education located in Casablanca, Morocco. It is composed of a collège (middle school) and a lycée (high school), and belongs to the Académie de Bordeaux, an educational administrative district in France. The school was named after Marshal Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey, who was the first French resident general in Morocco from 1912 to 1925, at the beginning of the French protectorate in Morocco.

Lycée Lyautey is the largest of the 32 academic institutions administered directly by the Agency for French Education Abroad (AEFE) in Morocco, and it is the second largest directly-administered AEFE institution in the world.

With approximately 3,523 students (1,582 of whom hold French nationality) and 257 teachers, it is the second-largest French educational institution in Morocco, after Lycée Louis-Massignon, which is administered by the French Mission. The average individual class size at Lycée Lyautey is 29 students.
2017–18 Arkansas Razorbacks women's basketball team
The 2017–18 Arkansas Razorbacks women's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 2017-18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. They were led by new coach and Arkansas native Mike Neighbors, who was hired from Washington after former coach Jimmy Dykes resigned after three seasons. They finished the season 13–18, 3–13 in SEC play to finish in a 3 way for eleventh place. They advanced to the second round of the SEC women's tournament where they lost to Texas A&M.

2018 SEC women's basketball tournament
The 2018 Southeastern Conference women's basketball tournament was the postseason women's basketball tournament for the Southeastern Conference held at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee, from February 28 through March 4, 2018. South Carolina defeated the regular-season champions Mississippi State to earn an automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament.
Ball divergence
Ball Divergence (BD) is a nonparametric two‐sample statistic that quantifies the discrepancy between two probability measures  and  on a metric space . It is defined by integrating the squared difference of the measures over all closed balls in . Let  be the closed ball of radius  centered at . Equivalently, one may set  and write . The Ball divergence is then defined by

This measure can be seen as an integral of the Harald Cramér's distance over all possible pairs of points. By summing squared differences of  and  over balls of all scales, BD captures both global and local discrepancies between distributions, yielding a robust, scale-sensitive comparison. Moreover, since BD is defined as the integral of a squared measure difference, it is always non-negative, and  if and only if .

Harald Cramér
Harald Cramér (Swedish: [kraˈmeːr]; 25 September 1893 – 5 October 1985) was a Swedish mathematician, actuary, and statistician, specializing in mathematical statistics and probabilistic number theory. John Kingman described him as "one of the giants of statistical theory".
Speed skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Women's 1000 metres
The women's 1000 m speed skating competition for the 2002 Winter Olympics was held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.

After suffering from mononucleosis, Chris Witty skated a new world record to a surprise win. Jennifer Rodriguez became the first US Hispanic woman to win an Olympic speed skating medal.

Chris Witty
Christine Diane Witty (born June 23, 1975) is an American speed skater and racing cyclist and participated in the Olympic Games in both sports.

She won medals at both 1000 and 1500 meters in the 1998 Winter Olympics. In 2002, she won the Olympic gold medal at the 1000 meters in Salt Lake City, setting a world record in the process.

In 1996 she became World Champion Sprint, in 1997 and 1998 she became second and in 2000 she became third.

In 1998 she won the gold medal at the World Single Distance Championships at the 1000 m, in 1996 the silver and in 2000 the bronze medal at the same distance.

In 2000, she placed fifth overall in the 500 m cycling time trials at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, becoming only the ninth American ever to compete in both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.

In 2006, she was elected by her teammates to carry the United States flag at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
2019 Mutua Madrid Open – Men's singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Stefanos Tsitsipas in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2019 Madrid Open. It was his 33rd Masters 1000 singles title, tying Rafael Nadal's record. Djokovic did not lose a set during the tournament.

Alexander Zverev was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Tsitsipas.

This tournament marked the last professional appearance of 2013 French Open runner-up and former world No. 3 David Ferrer; he lost in the second round to Zverev. This was Roger Federer's first clay court tournament since the 2016 Italian Open, and marked the three-time champion's last appearance at the Madrid Open.

Taylor Fritz
Taylor Harry Fritz (born 28 October 1997) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 4 by the ATP, achieved on 18 November 2024 and a best doubles ranking of No. 104, achieved on 26 July 2021. Fritz has won ten ATP Tour singles titles, including a Masters 1000 title at the 2022 Indian Wells Open, and was a finalist at the 2024 US Open and at the 2024 ATP Finals.

Fritz won a junior major singles title at the 2015 US Open, and was the runner-up in junior singles at the 2015 French Open. He reached his first ATP Tour final in only his third career event, the 2016 Memphis Open.
2019 Conservative Political Action Conference
The 2019 Conservative Political Action Conference was the annual event of the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), hosted by the American Conservative Union. It was held at the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center in Oxon Hill, Maryland, from February 27 to March 2, 2019. The event was headlined by President Donald Trump, with many speakers and panels throughout the conference.

Themes through the conference were fighting against socialism; criminal justice reform; China; and criticizing Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and the Green New Deal.

Oxon Hill, Maryland
Oxon Hill is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in southern Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Oxon Hill is a close suburb of Washington, located southeast of the downtown district and east of Alexandria, Virginia. In 2008, the 300-acre (120 ha) National Harbor development on the shore of the Potomac River opened in Oxon Hill; it has since become a CDP of its own.

For the 1990 and 2000 censuses, the United States Census Bureau defined a census-designated place consisting of Oxon Hill and the adjacent community of Glassmanor, designated Oxon Hill-Glassmanor, for statistical purposes. As of the 2010 census, Oxon Hill was delineated separately and had a population of 17,722. Per the 2020 census, the population was 18,791.
Demetrius Andrade
Demetrius Cesar Andrade (/ˈændreɪd/ AND-rayd; born February 26, 1988) is an American professional boxer. He has held multiple world championships in two weight classes, at light middleweight and middleweight. As an amateur, he won the U.S. national championships and Golden Gloves twice each, a gold medal at the 2007 World Championships, and represented the U.S. at the 2008 Olympics; all in the welterweight division.

Weight class (boxing)
In boxing, a weight class is a measurement  weight range for boxers.  The lower limit of a weight class is equal to the upper weight limit of the class below it. The top class, with no upper limit, is called heavyweight in professional boxing and super heavyweight in amateur boxing. A boxing match is usually scheduled for a fixed weight class, and each boxer's weight must not exceed the upper limit. A nonstandard weight limit is called a catchweight.
2016 Punjab State Super Football League
The 2016 Punjab State Super Football League was the 30th season of the Punjab State Super Football League. The season began on 11 September 2016 and concluded on 19 October 2016.

The first match took place between Jangpur and Punjab Police. The match ended 2–2.

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Luis Gonzales Posada
Luis Javier Gonzales Posada Eyzaguirre (born 30 July 1945) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician, belonging to the Peruvian Aprista Party. He was a Congressman representing Ica Region for the period 2006–2011, and belongs to the Peruvian Aprista Party. He was President of Congress from 2007 to 2008. During the first presidency of Alan García, he was the Minister of Justice from 1985 to 1986 and then as Foreign Affairs Minister from 1988 to 1989.

Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (Peru)
The Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (Spanish: Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos, MINJUSDH) of Peru is the government ministry charged with advising the President of Peru in judicial matters. The ministry is responsible of the national prison system as well as the state's relationship with the Roman Catholic Church in Peru.

The minister of justice is Juan Alcántara Medrano since May 2025.
Colestyramine
Colestyramine (INN) or cholestyramine (USAN) (trade names Questran, Questran Light, Cholybar, Olestyr, Quantalan, Vasosan) is a bile acid sequestrant, which binds bile in the gastrointestinal tract to prevent its reabsorption. It is a strong ion exchange resin, which means it can exchange its chloride anions with anionic bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract and bind them strongly in the resin matrix. The functional group of the anion exchange resin is a quaternary ammonium group attached to an inert styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer.

Colestyramine removes bile acids from the body by forming insoluble complexes with bile acids in the intestine, which are then excreted in the feces. As a result of this loss of bile acids, more plasma cholesterol is converted to bile acids in the liver to normalise levels. This conversion of cholesterol into bile acids lowers plasma cholesterol levels.

Divinylbenzene
Divinylbenzene (DVB) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(CH=CH2)2 and structure H2C=CH−C6H4−HC=CH2 (a benzene ring with two vinyl groups as substituents). It is related to styrene (vinylbenzene, C6H5−CH=CH2) by the addition of a second vinyl group.   It is a colorless liquid manufactured by the thermal dehydrogenation of isomeric diethylbenzenes.  Under synthesis conditions, o-divinylbenzene converts to naphthalene and thus is not a component of the usual mixtures of DVB.
Hagaby GoIF
Hagaby GoIF is a Swedish sport club from Örebro competing in orienteering.

The club won 10-mila in 1975 with Ingemar Larsson, Anders Winbladh, Ola Lindskog, Tord Lidström, Stefan Blomgren, Billy Höglund, Arne Yngström, Anders Bergman, Göran Hedberg, Rolf Pettersson. Rolf Pettersson raced against Kimmo Rauhamäki from Ikaalisten Nouseva-Voima on the last leg.

In 1976 the team with Arne Salomonsson, Ola Lindskog, Jan Carlsson, Stefan Blomgren, Anders Winbladh, Billy Höglund, Erik Oskarsson, Anders Bergman, Rolf Pettersson and Göran Hedberg won again 10-mila.

Örebro
Örebro (/ˌɜːrəˈbruː/ UR-ə-BROO; Swedish: [œrɛˈbruː] ⓘ) is the seventh-largest city in Sweden, the seat of Örebro Municipality, and capital of Örebro County. It is situated by the Närke Plain, near the lake Hjälmaren, a few kilometers inland along the small river Svartån, and has a population of approximately 126,000 in the city proper. It is one of the largest inland hubs of the country, and a major logistic and commercial operating site.

Örebro is home to Örebro University, a major university hospital, a medieval castle, the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset and Rynningeviken Nature Reserve adjacent to lake Hjälmaren.

Örebro is a trade and logistics city with a strategic location 200 km from Stockholm, 330 km from Oslo and 280 km from Gothenburg. The city is served by Örebro Airport 10 km (6 mi) southwest of the city, and by Örebro Central Station, serviced by the Mälaren Line and Western Main Line.
Pae Landscape Conservation Area
Pae Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park which is located in Rapla County, Estonia.

The area of the nature park is 33 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1959 to protect Pae Karst Area. In 2006, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area.

Rapla County
Rapla County (Estonian: Rapla maakond or Raplamaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in the northwestern part of the country and borders Järva County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, Lääne County to the west, and Harju County to the north. In 2022 Rapla County had a population of 33,529, constituting 2.5% of the total population of Estonia.
William Jex
William Jex (23 March 1885 − 19 February 1934) was an English footballer who played as an inside left with Norwich City, Doncaster Rovers, Rotherham Town and Croydon Common, and in the Football League with Gainsborough Trinity in the early 20th century. He was Doncaster's top scorer in each of the three seasons he played for them.

Jex was born in Thorpe Hamlet, a suburb of Norwich, and by trade he was a painter and decorator. He is said to have developed a weak heart after catching a fever following a swim in the River Wensum in Norwich.

Thorpe Hamlet
Thorpe Hamlet is a suburb of Norwich, to the east of the city centre, in the Norwich District, in the English county of Norfolk. It was constituted a separate ecclesiastical parish on 9 March 1852, from the civil parish of Old Thorpe, and in 1912, was in the rural deanery of Blofield.

The population of the Thorpe Hamlet ward in Norwich was 10,557 at the 2011 Census.

The Church of St Matthew in Thorpe Hamlet was erected in 1851 upon land given by the Dean and Chapter of Norwich, on the slope of a hill close by the River Wensum.

Until 1852 it was part of the Dean and Chapter of Norwich.
Navasard
Navasard is the first month of the Armenian calendar. Navasard has 30 days, starting on 11 August and ending on 9 September. In ancient Armenia, the first day of Navasard was a holiday. In Armenian mythology, the Navasardian god was considered protector of the crops and the feeder of the hungry. His statue is currently standing in Bagavan, which today is considered a Pagan sanctuary.

Bagavan
Bagavan (also spelled Bagawan; Armenian: Բագաւան) was an ancient locality in the central part of Armenia in the principality of Bagrevand. The site is located in the village of Taşteker to the west of modern Diyadin, Turkey. Situated on a tributary of the Euphrates at the foothills of Mount Npat, to the north of Lake Van, Bagavan held one of the major temples of pre-Christian Armenia. After the Christianization of Armenia, Bagavan became the site of a large church and monastery. Pillaged in 1877 by the Kurds, it was completely destroyed after 1915 during the Armenian genocide.
Sweet Sour
Sweet Sour is the second album by English rock band Band of Skulls. It was released on 20 February 2012 in England and 21 February 2012 in the United States.

Ian Davenport returned to produce the album after working with the band on their debut. The album was recorded at Rockfield Studios in Wales.

Band of Skulls
Band of Skulls are an English rock band from Southampton, Hampshire. The band was founded in 2002 by vocalist and guitarist Russell Marsden, vocalist and bassist Emma Richardson and drummer Matt Hayward. The group formed after meeting in college, although Marsden and Hayward had been friends since high school. Following the respective departures of Hayward in 2017 and Richardson in 2022, Marsden has continued on under the moniker as a solo project. Band of Skulls have released five studio albums, the most recent of which was Love Is All You Love in April 2019.
Bernie Jackson
Bernard Jackson (October 22, 1961–January 11, 1997) was an American former sprinter.

Jackson was an All-American sprinter for the Washington Huskies track and field team, finishing 7th in the 200 metres at the 1981 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

1981 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1981 NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested June 2−6 at the 59th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate Division I outdoor track and field events in the United States.

This was the final meet before the introduction of women's events at the 1982 championship

This year's meet was contested at Bernie Moore Track Stadium at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. This was the Tigers' second time hosting the event and the first since 1973.

UTEP finished atop the team standings for the fourth consecutive year and, therefore, claimed their fifth national title.
Chayat
The Hebrew / Yiddish surname Chayat (Polonized variants: Chajat, Chajit , Chajet, Chajetan ) may be derived from the occupation of tailor (Hebrew: חַיָט, Hebrew: חייט) or Hebrew: חַיָה, chayah, animal, life. Notable people with the surname include:

Naftali Chayat, founder of Vayyar, Israeli semiconductor company

Sherry Chayat, American Zen Buddhist

Shoshi Chayat (1947–2011), Israeli painter, sculptor, poet and writer

Vayyar
Vayyar Imaging Ltd. (Hebrew: ואיאר הדמאה בע"מ) is an Israeli semiconductor company that produces 4D imaging radar sensors. Initially developed to provide a more effective means of screening for early-stage breast cancer, Vayyar’s Radar-on-Chip technology is now used in a number of other sectors, including automotive, senior care, retail, smart home and commercial property.

Vayyar has around 300 employees as of January 2021. The company is based in Israel with operations spanning across the globe. Vayyar also has offices in the US, Japan, China and Sweden.
Women's Basketball Super League
The Women's Basketball Super League (Turkish: Kadınlar Basketbol Süper Ligi, KBSL), also known as the Halkbank Women's Basketball Super League for sponsorship reasons, is the top women's professional basketball division of the Turkish women's basketball league system. The league was established in 1980 and is organized by the Turkish Basketball Federation, it replaced the former Turkish Women’s Basketball League which ran between 1956 and 1980. There is also a Turkish Women's Basketball League (TKBL), the second level in the Turkish women's basketball league system. The present TKBL should not be confused with the former TKBL, which ran between 1956 and 1980; after the KBSL was founded, the TKBL became a second-tier league.

Fenerbahçe are the most successful team in the competition's history, having won 19 titles to date.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.