hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Army of the Socialist Republic of Romania
The Army of the Socialist Republic of Romania (Romanian: Armata Republicii Socialiste România) was the army of the Socialist Republic of Romania (1965 to 1989), previously known as the Army of the Romanian People's Republic (Romanian: Armata Republicii Populare Romîne) during the Romanian People's Republic (1947 to 1965). Following the Romanian Revolution in 1989, it was renamed to the Romanian Armed Forces. It consisted of the Ground Forces, the Navy, and the Air Force.

Bacău
Bacău (UK: /ˈbækaʊ/ BAK-ow; US: /bəˈkaʊ/ bə-KOW, Romanian: [baˈkəw] ⓘ; Hungarian: Bákó; Latin: Bacovia) is the main city in Bacău County, Romania. With a population of 136,087 (as of 2021 census), Bacău is the 14th largest city in Romania. The city is situated in the historical region of Moldavia, at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, and on the Bistrița River (which meets the Siret River about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the south of Bacău). The Ghimeș Pass links Bacău to the region of Transylvania.
Line engraving
Line engraving is a term for engraved images printed on paper to be used as prints or illustrations. The term is mainly used in connection with 18th- or 19th-century commercial illustrations for magazines and books or reproductions of paintings. It is not a technical term in printmaking, and can cover a variety of techniques, giving similar results.

Steel engraving is an overlapping term, for images that in fact are often mainly in etching, mostly used for banknotes, illustrations for books, magazines and decorative prints, often reproductive, from about 1820 to the early 20th century, when the technique became less used.  Copperplate engraving is another somewhat outdated term for engravings. With photography long established, engravings made today are nearly all artistic ones in printmaking, but the technique is not as common as it used to be; more than other printmaking techniques, engraving requires great skill and much practice, even for an experienced artist.

Ink
Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen, brush, reed pen, or quill. Thicker inks, in paste form, are used extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing.

Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescents, and other materials. The components of inks serve multiple purposes; the ink's carrier, colorants, and other additives affect the flow and thickness of the ink and its dry appearance.
Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
The civil wars of the Tetrarchy were a series of conflicts between the co-emperors of the Roman Empire, starting from 306 AD with the usurpation of Maxentius and the defeat of Severus to the defeat of Licinius at the hands of Constantine I in 324 AD.

Usurper
A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy. In other words, one who takes the power of a country, city, or established region for oneself, without any formal or legal right to claim it as one's own. Usurpers can rise to power in a region by often unexpected physical force such as via a coup d'état, as well as through political influence and deceit.
Karma Phuntsok Namgyal
Karma Phuntsok Namgyal (Tibetan: ཀར་མ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་, Wylie: Kar-ma Phun-tshogs Rnam-rgyal;) (1587 – March 1620) was a king of Tibet who ruled from 1618 to 1620. He belonged to the Tsangpa dynasty that held power in Tsang (West Central Tibet) since 1565 and was the foremost political and military power in Tibet until 1642.

Ü-Tsang
Ü-Tsang (Tibetan: དབུས་གཙང་, Wylie: dbus gtsang) is one of the three Tibetan regions, the others being Amdo to the northeast and Kham to the east. Geographically Ü-Tsang covers the Yarlung Tsangpo drainage basin, the western districts surrounding and extending past Mount Kailash, and much of the Changtang plateau to the north. The Himalayas define Ü-Tsang's southern border.

Ü-Tsang is the cultural heartland of the Tibetan people. It was formed by the merging of two earlier power centers of Ü (Wylie: dbus), controlled by the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism under the early Dalai Lamas, and Tsang (Wylie: gtsang), which extended from Gyantse to the west and was controlled by the rival Sakya lineage. Military victories by the Khoshut Güshi Khan who had backed the 5th Dalai Lama consolidated power over the combined region. The region of Ngari in the northwest was incorporated into Ü-Tsang after the Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War.
Statement on Auditing Standards No. 99: Consideration of Fraud
Statement on Auditing Standards No. 99: Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, commonly abbreviated as SAS 99, is an auditing statement issued by the Auditing Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) in October 2002. The original exposure draft was distributed in February 2002. Please see PCAOB AS 2401.

SAS 99, which supersedes SAS 82, was issued partly in response to contemporary accounting scandals at Enron, WorldCom, Adelphia, and Tyco.  The standard incorporates recommendations from various contributors including the International Auditing & Assurance Standards Board.  SAS 99 became effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2002.

Auditing Standards Board
In the United States, the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) is the senior technical committee designated by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) to issue auditing, attestation, and quality control statements, standards and guidance to certified public accountants (CPAs) for non-public company audits. Created in October 1978, it is composed of 19 members representing various industries and sectors, including public accountants and private, educational, and governmental entities. It issues pronouncements in the form of statements, interpretations, and guidelines, which all CPAs must adhere to when performing audits and attestations.
Jack Tompkins
Jack A. Tompkins (June 2, 1909 – October 11, 1993) was an American baseball and ice hockey player, airline executive and civic leader in Detroit, Michigan.  As a high school student in Royal Oak, Michigan, he won 27 consecutive baseball games as a pitcher, still a Michigan high school record.  At the University of Michigan, he was captain of the baseball and hockey teams in 1932.  He worked for more than 30 years for American Airlines in Detroit and became a civic leader in the area, working to bring the Olympic Games to Detroit from the 1940s to the 1960s and founding the Great Lakes Invitational hockey tournament in 1965.

University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor
The  University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor, founded in 1978, recognizes University of Michigan athletes, coaches, and administrators who have made significant contributions to the university's athletic programs. To qualify for induction into the Hall of Honor, an individual must have been an All-American, set an NCAA, U.S., or world record, won an NCAA title, or made significant contributions to the university's athletic department as a coach or administrator. The nomination and selection process is conducted by the Letterwinners M Club executive board.
Dongkuk Steel
Dongkuk Steel Mill Co, Ltd. (Korean: 동국제강 주식회사; Hanja: 東國製鋼 株式會社; RR: Dongguk Jegang Jusik Hoesa) is a steel company with its headquarters in the city of Seoul, South Korea. Founded on 7 July 1951, its manufacturing plants are located in Pohang, Incheon, Dangjin, and Busan. Its main products are steel plates mainly for shipbuilding, beams, sections, and bars mainly for construction. Dongkuk Steel Mill is Korea's second largest EAF steel producer behind Hyundai Steel. Dongkuk Steel is the parent company of the Dongkuk Steel Group with several subsidiaries, including Union Steel.

Dangjin
Dangjin (Korean: 당진시; Korean pronunciation: [taŋ.dʑin]) is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It stands on the south shore of the Bay of Asan. Dangjin borders Incheon, Pyeongtaek, and Hwaseong by sea, and Seosan, Yesan, and Asan by land. Its name means "Tang ferry," and refers to the historic role of Dangjin's harbor in connecting Korea to the other side of the Yellow Sea. This role continues to be important in the city's economy, which relies on a mixture of agriculture and heavy industry. The city has the same Hanja name (唐津市) as Karatsu in Saga Prefecture, Japan.
Fardeen Hasan Ony
Fardeen Hasan Ony (born 27 November 1997) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his List A debut for Shinepukur Cricket Club in the 2017–18 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 5 February 2018. On 18 March 2018, batting for Shinepukur Cricket Club against Abahani Limited in the 2017–18 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League, he scored his first century in List A cricket. He made his first-class debut for Rangpur Division in the 2018–19 National Cricket League on 29 October 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut for Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League on 25 February 2019, when he played as an opener against Khelaghar. In November 2019, he was selected to play for the Cumilla Warriors in the 2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League.

Shinepukur Cricket Club
Shinepukur Cricket Club is a cricket team in Bangladesh that has competed in the 50-over Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League.

Before the 2016–17 season the Cricket Coaching School club defaulted on its player payments and was bought by Beximco, Bangladesh's largest conglomerate, and renamed Shinepukur Cricket Club, after Shinepukur Ceramics, a subsidiary of Beximco. Shinepukur Cricket Club were one of the twelve teams that took part in the 2017–18 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League tournament. In their first match of the tournament, they beat Prime Doleshwar Sporting Club by eight wickets. They finished the group stage of the 2017–18 tournament in eighth place, with five wins and six defeats from their eleven matches.

In the 2023–24 competition Shinepukur finished the preliminary rounds in second place, reaching the Super League phase for the first time. However, the next season they finished last and were relegated.
Vania Franco
Vania Franco (born on 11 May 1978) is a Portuguese professional pool player. A two-time winner of the European Pool Championships in the team event, Franco also reached the final of an event on the Women's Euro Tour in 2014.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
Rich Amaral
Richard Louis Amaral (born April 1, 1962) is an American former utility player in Major League Baseball who played with the Seattle Mariners (1991–1998), and Baltimore Orioles (1999–2000). After retiring, he has worked as a scout for the Orioles.

Utility player
In sports, a utility player is one who can play several positions competently. Sports in which the term is often used include association football, basketball, rugby, baseball, softball, ice hockey, and water polo.

The term has gained prominence in all sports due to its use in fantasy leagues, but in rugby union and rugby league, it is commonly used by commentators to recognize a player's versatility.

The use of this term to describe a player may in some circumstances be a backhanded compliment, as it suggests the player is not good enough to be considered a specialist in one position (i.e., a jack of all trades).
Educational essentialism
Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly. In this philosophical school of thought, the aim is to instill students with the "essentials" of academic knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach. Essentialism ensures that the accumulated wisdom of our civilization as taught in the traditional academic disciplines is passed on from teacher to student. Such disciplines might include Reading, Writing, Literature, Foreign Languages, History, Mathematics, Classical Languages, Science, Art, and Music. Moreover, this traditional approach is meant to train the mind, promote reasoning, and ensure a common culture.

Reading
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol or an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (e.g., braille).

There is a growing body of evidence which illustrates the importance of reading for pleasure for both educational purposes as well as personal development.
Begunbari Kali Temple
Begunbari Kali Temple is a Hindu temple, located in Begunbari, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, near Khirai railway station in the Panskura block. Situated on the western bank of the Kangsabati River, the temple's presiding deity is Sashan Kali—an incarnation of Goddess Kali.

Kangsabati River
Kangsabati River (Pron:/ˌkæŋsəˈbɑːtɪ/) (also variously known as the Kãsai and Cossye) rises from the Chota Nagpur plateau in the state of West Bengal, India and passes through the districts of Purulia, Bankura, Jhargram, Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur in West Bengal before draining in the Bay of Bengal.
Spainsat
Spainsat is a Spanish telecommunications satellite used for military and government communications. It allows telecommunications  the different missions of the Spanish Armed forces abroad by providing coverage on a wide area of the world ranging from the United States and South America to the Middle East, including Africa and Europe.

Spanish Armed Forces
The Spanish Armed Forces are in charge of guaranteeing the sovereignty and independence of the Kingdom of Spain, defending its territorial integrity and the constitutional order, according to the functions entrusted to them by the Constitution of 1978. They are composed of: the Army, the Air and Space Force, the Navy, the Royal Guard, and the Military Emergencies Unit, as well as the so-called Common Corps.

Spain occupies a prominent position in the structure of NATO, which it joined in 1982. Nevertheless, it spends less than the minimum of 2% of GDP on defence recommended by NATO.

Spain has the oldest Marine Infantry in the world and the oldest permanent military units in the world: the Infantry Regiment "Inmemorial del Rey" No. 1 and the Infantry Regiment "Soria" No. 9.
Telangana State Women Commission
Telangana State Women Commission is a statutory body constituted in the year 1993 to deal with the issues relating to crime against women in the state of Telangana. The commission for welfare of women in the state was set up by Telangana Government as a quasi-judicial body.

Government of Telangana
The Government of Telangana is the  governing authority of the state of Telangana in India. It consists of an executive, a judiciary and a legislative.

The state government is headed by the Governor of Telangana as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as the real head of the executive. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and his council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and his council of ministers in whom a great deal of legislative powers are vested. The state government maintains its capital at Hyderabad and is seated at the Government Secretariat or the Sachivalayam.

The Government of Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 after bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh as part of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
Decoration for a Thesis in Honor of Saint Francis Solano
Decoration for a Thesis in Honor of Saint Francis Solano is an etched print in two sheets by the Italian printmaker Stefano della Bella, made in 1639 as an invitation or advertisement for a debate defending a theological thesis. The event took place in the Franciscan convent of Santa Maria in Aracoeli in Rome and was related to the writings of Friar Buenaventura de Salinas y Córdoba. The thesis was dedicated to the Spanish Franciscan friar, Saint Francis Solano for his works with the indigenous communities in the Peruvian Viceroyalty of Spain.

Francis Solanus
Francis Solanus, born as Francisco Solano y Jiménez, 10 March 1549 – 14 July 1610) was a Spanish Franciscan friar and missionary in South America. He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church.
3:00 P.M. (The Pitt season 1)
"3:00 P.M." is the ninth episode of the American medical drama television series The Pitt. The episode was written by main star Noah Wyle, and directed by Quyen Tran. It was released on HBO Max on February 27, 2025.

The series is set in Pittsburgh, following the staff of the Pittsburgh Trauma Medical Hospital ER (nicknamed "The Pitt") during a 15-hour emergency department shift. The series mainly follows Dr. Michael "Robby" Robinavitch, a senior attending still reeling from some traumas. In the episode, tensions between Langdon and Santos escalate, while Collins confides her situation in Dana.

The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who expressed surprise with the episode's ending.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
Ida Macalpine
Ida Macalpine (formerly Hirschmann, née Wertheimer; 1899–1974) was a German and British psychiatrist. She was born in Germany, where she earned her medical degree and began her career as a physician. She moved to the United Kingdom in 1933 and specialized in psychiatry. She began extensively publishing on psychiatry, especially history of psychiatry, in the 1950s. Particularly fruitful was her collaboration with her son Richard A. Hunter, also a psychiatrist. She was initially strongly influenced by psychoanalysis, but abandoned it by the late 1950s. The first of her and Hunter's major works, Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry, was published in 1963. In George III and the Mad Business (1969), they identified King George III's apparent mental illness as porphyria. Their final major work, Psychiatry for the Poor: 1851–1973, was published shortly after her death.

The BMJ
The BMJ is a fortnightly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, which in turn is wholly owned by the British Medical Association (BMA). The BMJ has editorial freedom from the BMA. It is one of the world's oldest general medical journals. Previously called the British Medical Journal, the title was officially shortened to BMJ in 1988, and then changed to The BMJ in 2014. The current editor-in-chief of The BMJ is Kamran Abbasi, who was appointed in January 2022.
Bidzina Cholokashvili
Bidzina Cholokashvili (Georgian: ბიძინა ჩოლოყაშვილი; died c. 1660) is a Georgian Christian martyr canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church. His feast is celebrated on October 1. He was one of the leaders of Bakhtrioni Uprising (1659). During the 1630s he was a "sakhltukhutsesi" of Kingdom of Kakheti. In the battle between Teimuraz and Rostom he supported the former. In 1648 by order of Teimuraz, he invaded Ertso in order to make Ertso-Tianeti subordinate to the King. After the uprising Shah summoned Bidzina as well as Shalva and Elizbar Eristavi, who later were forced to converse their religion, but none of them accepted. As a result, they were given to tribes whose members were slaughtered during the uprising. Bidzina was tortured and killed.

Teimuraz I of Kakheti
Teimuraz I (Georgian: თეიმურაზ I; 1589–1663), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a Georgian monarch (mepe) who ruled, with intermissions, as King of Kakheti from 1605 to 1648 and also of Kartli from 1629 to 1633. The eldest son of David I and Ketevan, Teimuraz spent most of his childhood at the court of Shah of Iran, where he came to be known as Tahmuras Khan. He was made king of Kakheti following a revolt against his reigning uncle, Constantine I, in 1605. From 1614 on, he waged a five-decade long struggle against the Safavid Iranian domination of Georgia in the course of which he lost several members of his family and ended his life as the Shah's prisoner at Astarabad at the age of 74.

A versatile poet and admirer of Persian poetry, Teimuraz translated into Georgian several Persian love-stories and transformed the personal experiences of his long and difficult reign into a series of original poems influenced by the contemporary Persian tradition.
Insomnia (Erick Sermon album)
Insomnia is a hip-hop compilation album presented by American rapper and record producer Erick Sermon. It was released on April 23, 1996, via Interscope Records. The recording sessions took place at Mirror Image, at the Music Palace, and at Rockin' Reel Recording Studios in New York, and at Chuck Simone Studio. The album was produced by Sermon, who also served as executive producer, Redman, Rockwilder, and Ty Fyffe. Beside Sermon, it features contributions from fellow artists affiliated with or discovered by him, such as Calif, Domo, Duo, Jamal, Keith Murray, L.O.D., Passion, Redman, the Wixtons, Xross-Breed, and Thomas "Tommy Gunn" Blincoe, who was murdered shortly before the album's release, and to whom the album is dedicated. The album peaked at number 53 on the Billboard 200 and number 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. It spawned three singles: "Funkorama", which peacked at No. 81 on the Billboard Hot 100, "It's That Hit" and "I Feel It".

Rockwilder
Dana Stinson (born February 2, 1971), more commonly known as Rockwilder, is an American hip hop producer and songwriter best known for his work with Redman, Jay-Z, LL Cool J, Busta Rhymes, Xzibit, and Janet Jackson. He has appeared on every Redman studio album since 1994.
Peter Julian
Peter S. Julian (born April 16, 1962) is a Canadian politician who was a Member of Parliament for the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2004 to 2025. He represented the ridings of Burnaby—New Westminster from 2004 to 2015 and New Westminster—Burnaby from 2015 to 2025. He also served as the house leader for the NDP for much of his political career. He was defeated in the 2025 Canadian federal election.

New Westminster—Burnaby—Maillardville
New Westminster—Burnaby—Maillardville is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1997 and since 2015. Until the call of the 2025 Canadian federal election, it was known as New Westminster—Burnaby.