hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francis Little (American politician)
Francis Little (February 23, 1822 – January 6, 1890) was an Irish American immigrant, Wisconsin pioneer, and Republican politician.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate (1871–1875) and State Assembly (1864 & 1865), representing Iowa County.

Iowa County, Wisconsin
Iowa County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,709. Its county seat and largest city is Dodgeville. When created, it was part of the Michigan Territory. Iowa County is part of the Madison, Wisconsin, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Calcutta Cup
The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the rugby match between teams of England and Scotland played annually in the Six Nations Championship. Like the match itself (England–Scotland), the Calcutta Cup is the oldest trophy contested between any two international rugby union teams, pre-dating the Bledisloe Cup (Australia–New Zealand) by more than half a century. It is also the oldest of several trophies awarded under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, which include the Millennium Trophy (England–Ireland), Centenary Quaich (Ireland–Scotland), Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (France–Italy), Auld Alliance Trophy (France–Scotland), the Doddie Weir Cup (Scotland–Wales) and the Cuttitta Cup (Italy–Scotland).

History of rugby union matches between Ireland and Scotland
Ireland and Scotland have played each other at rugby union in 143 matches, with Ireland winning 72 times, Scotland winning 66 times and five matches drawn. Since 1989, the teams have competed for the Centenary Quaich during the Six Nations Championship.
Roy Stanbrook
Captain Roy Henry Stanbrook (born 1957) was Chief Executive of the Gibraltar Port Authority and Captain of the Port in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar before becoming the Harbour Master of the Port of Melbourne, Victoria in April 2014. His position prior to the 2012 appointment was that of Harbour Master for the Lower District of the Port of London Authority in the United Kingdom. He was succeeded by Gibraltarian Captain Bob Sanguinetti.

Harbourmaster
A harbourmaster (or harbormaster, see spelling differences) is an official responsible for enforcing the regulations of a particular harbour or port, in order to ensure the safety of navigation, the security of the harbour and the correct operation of the port facilities.
Caloplaca caesiorufella
Caloplaca caesiorufella is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Europe and the Russian Far East. It was described as a new species in 1885 by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander, who placed it in the genus Lecanora. Alexander Zahlbruckner gave it the binomial name by which it is now known when he reclassified it in genus Caloplaca in 1930. Although the species has long been cited under Caloplaca, molecular work indicates that it falls outside Caloplaca in the strict sense (sensu stricto) and has no clear generic placement within Teloschistaceae; for that reason it has been treated as "Caloplaca" (with quotation marks) in some modern accounts.

The lichen has been treated as an arctic to northern boreal circumpolar species, and it is common on the Commander Islands in the Russian Far East, where it occurs in coastal, tundra and floodplain habitats, growing mainly on driftwood and on the bark of shrubs.

Lecanora
Lecanora is a genus of lichen commonly called rim lichens.: 279  Lichens in the genus Squamarina are also called rim lichens. Members of the genus have roughly circular fruiting discs (apothecia) with rims that have photosynthetic tissue similar to that of the nonfruiting part of the lichen body (thallus). Other lichens with apothecia having margins made of thallus-like tissue are called lecanorine.

It is in the  family Lecanoraceae in the suborder Lecanorineae.
Israeli generals' plan
The Israeli generals' plan refers to a siege strategy proposed by former Israeli general Giora Eiland during the Gaza war. The plan would evacuate Northern Gaza from its residents, and label all people remaining there as military operatives, thus allowing to block supplies such as food and medication from entering the area.

The plan was considered by the Israeli government, though was not officially adopted. However, there have been signs that Israel has implemented parts of the plan since October 2024, specifically during the Siege of North Gaza. The strategy has been criticized for its humanitarian impact, which some allege to be genocidal and ethnic cleansing.

Israel ultimately did not force out all the civilian population of North Gaza, and the implementation of the January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire allowed displaced Gazans to return to that area, though the ceasefire has since ended.

Institute for National Security Studies (Israel)
The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) is an independent think tank affiliated with Tel Aviv University in Israel that conducts research and analysis of national security matters such as military and strategic affairs, terrorism and low intensity conflict, military balance in the Middle East, and cyber warfare.

It is considered Israel's leading security think tank.
Wolfach
Wolfach (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfax] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Wolfä) is a town in the Black Forest and part of the Ortenaukreis in Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and borders the Freudenstadt and Rottweil districts.

Freudenstadt (district)
Freudenstadt is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rastatt, Calw, Tübingen, Zollernalbkreis, Rottweil and the Ortenaukreis.
Raul Martirez
Raul José Quimpo Martirez (February 9, 1938 – September 2, 2024) was a Filipino Roman Catholic prelate. He was bishop of San Jose de Antique from 1983 to 2002.

He was ordained a priest in 1961 and became a bishop in 1983. After his term in Antique, he became resident bishop of Christ the King Parish Greenmeadows in Quezon City.

Martirez died from a stroke in Pasig, on September 2, 2024, at the age of 86.

Diocese of Cubao
The Diocese of Cubao (Latin: Dioecesis Cubaoensis) is a Latin Catholic diocese of the Catholic Church in district of Cubao in Quezon City, in northern Metro Manila, Philippines.   The diocese was created by Pope John Paul II on June 28, 2003 from the ecclesiastical district of Cubao of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila. It was canonically erected on August 28, 2003, with the installation of Honesto Flores Ongtioco as the first Bishop of Cubao. The Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title Immaculate Conception, is the principal patroness of the diocese.

The diocese is composed of 45 full parishes including three national shrines, two minor basilicas; two quasi-parishes; one non-parochial diocesan shrine; and one mission station. These are clustered into six separate vicariates.
Kee Malesky
Christine Mary Malesky (nee Shields; October 25, 1950 – March 2, 2025), better known as Kee Malesky, was an American reference librarian and writer. She was a reference librarian at NPR for more than 20 years.

Reference desk
The reference desk or information desk of a library is a public service counter where professional librarians provide library users with direction to library materials, advice on library collections and services, and expertise on multiple kinds of information from multiple sources.
Porina leptosperma
Porina leptosperma is a species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Porinaceae. It was described as a new species in 1883 by Johannes Müller Argoviensis. Originally described from specimens collected in Brazil, it is also found in the Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, New Zealand and Tasmania.

Foliicolous lichen
A foliicolous lichen  is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
Shibden
Shibden is a small dispersed community in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It lies to the east of Halifax.

Shibden Hall has a north-west driveway to its lake, café and miniature railway; an adjoining driveway runs up a landscaped garden to the hall which hosts the West Yorkshire Folk Museum.  The land sits on a north–south rise (gentle escarpment) between deep brooks, shared with more populous Southowram to the south.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Alister Warman
Alister Seager Warman (9 December 1946 – 29 May 2020) was a British curator and art school principal. He was the last principal of the Byam Shaw School of Art from 1991 until its amalgamation with Central Saint Martins in 2003.

Central Saint Martins
Central Saint Martins is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art university in London, England. The college offers full-time courses at foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and a variety of short and summer courses.

It was formerly known as Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design, and before that as Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.
Katharine Cooper Cater
Katharine Cooper Cater was an American academic administrator. She was the Dean of Women at Auburn University from 1946 to 1975 and later became the Dean of Student Life there. Cater was born on September 1, 1914, and died at the age of 65 on July 23, 1980. She was buried in Rosehill Cemetery in Bibb County, Georgia.

Rose Hill Cemetery (Macon, Georgia)
Rose Hill Cemetery is a 50-acre cemetery located on the banks of the Ocmulgee River in Macon, Georgia, United States, that opened in 1840. Simri Rose, a horticulturist and designer of the cemetery, was instrumental in the planning of the city of Macon and planned Rose Hill Cemetery in return for being able to choose his own burial plot. The cemetery is named in his honor.

Rose Hill Cemetery was a hangout and artistic inspiration for the Allman Brothers Band during their early years. The Allman Brothers' slide guitarist Duane Allman, keyboardist and vocalist Gregg Allman, drummer Butch Trucks and bassist Berry Oakley are interred here.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Guinea fowl
Guinea fowl (/ˈɡɪnifaʊl/) are birds of the family Numididae in the order Galliformes. They are endemic to Africa and rank among the oldest of the gallinaceous birds. Phylogenetically, they branched off from the core Galliformes after the Cracidae (chachalacas, guans, and curassows) and before the Odontophoridae (New World quail). An Eocene fossil lineage Telecrex has been associated with guinea fowl; Telecrex inhabited Mongolia, and may have given rise to the oldest of the true phasianids, such as blood pheasants and eared pheasants, which evolved into high-altitude, montane-adapted species with the rise of the Tibetan Plateau. While modern guinea fowl species are endemic to Africa, the helmeted guinea fowl has been introduced as a domesticated bird widely elsewhere.

Blood pheasant
The blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) or blood partridge is a galliforme bird in the pheasant family Phasianidae and the only species in the genus Ithaginis. It is a relatively small, short-tailed pheasant that is widespread in the lower Himalayas ranging across North and East India, Nepal, Bhutan, South China and northern Myanmar. It has been classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2009, and the global blood pheasant population is thought to be stable.

The blood pheasant is the state bird of Sikkim, India.
A Taxing Woman
A Taxing Woman (マルサの女, Marusa no onna) is a 1987 Japanese film written and directed by Juzo Itami. It won numerous awards, including six major Japanese Academy awards. The title character of the film, played by Nobuko Miyamoto, is a tax investigator for the Japanese National Tax Agency who employs various techniques to catch tax evaders.

Itami took inspiration for the movie after entering a higher tax bracket following the success of his first film, The Funeral.

A sequel, A Taxing Woman's Return, featuring some of the same characters but darker in tone, was released in 1988.

Tax bracket
Tax brackets are the divisions at which tax rates change in a progressive tax system (or an explicitly regressive tax system, though that is rarer). Essentially, tax brackets are the cutoff values for taxable income—income past a certain point is taxed at a higher rate.
Gulabsinh Chauhan
Gulabsinh Somsinh Chauhan (born 1961) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Lunawada Assembly constituency in Mahisagar district. He won the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election representing the Indian National Congress.

Mahisagar district
Mahisagar district is a district in the state of Gujarat in India that came into being on 26 January 2013, becoming the 28th district of the state. The district has been carved out of the Panchmahal district and the Kheda district. District Name Mahisagar given from "Mahi River". Lunawada is the district headquarters of Mahisagar. It started its operation in full-fledged from 15 August 2013.
Dominican Summer League Rays
The Dominican Summer League Rays or DSL Rays are a Rookie League affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays based in the Dominican Republic. They play in the Dominican Summer League. As an independent affiliate, they have been in existence since 1997.

Dominican Summer League
The Dominican Summer League (DSL) is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the Dominican Republic at the Rookie level, which is the lowest grade below Major League Baseball (MLB). The league was founded in 1985. Teams are owned and operated by MLB franchises.

The league's season typically begins in early June, with each team playing a 72-game schedule, and ends in mid-August. Since the demise of the Venezuelan Summer League after the 2015 season, it is the only Latin America-based rookie league. The start of the 2020 season was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the season being cancelled entirely on 30 June. The start of the 2021 season was delayed until 12 July, with the season ultimately concluding on 2 October with no postseason.
Fano Mitch Shimasaki
Fano Frank Mitchell Shimasaki is an American Samoan politician and member of the American Samoa Senate.

Fano is president of the Faga’alu Green Bay Soccer Club. Since 2011 he has been a member of the executive of Football Federation American Samoa.

Fano was first elected to the Senate in November 2016. He was re-elected in 2020.

In March 2022 he was appointed as a member of the American Samoa Statistical Advisory Council.

American Samoa Senate
The American Samoa Senate is the upper house of the American Samoa Fono. The Senate, like the lower House of Representatives, is a nonpartisan body. It is composed of 18 senators, serving a four-year term.

The first name for the upper house of the legislature was Atoa o Aliʻi (“Assembly of Paramount Aliʻis”) when established in 1948. It was replaced with the current American Samoa Senate in 1953.
Kshitee Jog
Kshitee Jog (born 1 January 1983) is an Indian actress who mainly works in Hindi television along with Hindi and Marathi film productions. She is best known for her role as Saraswati, one of the main characters in the Zee TV daily soap Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann. Besides, she is known for the portrayal of Dr. Devyani Singhania (Naitik's step-mother and Naira's step-grandmother), for 7 years in the longest-running soap Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

She played a role in Sony TV's Maan Rahe Tera Pitaah. She was also part of comedy sitcom Sarabhai vs Sarabhai until replaced by Shital Thakkar.

She also acted in TV series Navya which ended on 29 June 2012.

Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (transl. What Is This Relationship Called?), also known by the initialism YRKKH, is an Indian Hindi-language romantic family drama television series that airs on StarPlus and streams on Disney+ Hotstar. It premiered on 12 January 2009 and is the longest running Indian television soap opera. The series is produced by Rajan Shahi under Director's Kut Productions. It previously starred Hina Khan, Karan Mehra, Shivangi Joshi, Mohsin Khan, Pranali Rathod, Harshad Chopda, and Shehzada Dhami. Currently, it stars Samridhii Shukla and Rohit Purohit.
Takebishi Stadium Kyoto
Takebishi Stadium Kyoto (たけびしスタジアム京都) is a multi-purpose stadium in Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. It was formerly known as Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Stadium. Since August 2019 it has been called Takebishi Stadium Kyoto until July 2029 for the naming rights by Takebishi (たけびし).

It was used mostly for football matches and was the home stadium of J.League club Kyoto Sanga FC until 2019.

The stadium holds 20,588 people and was built in 1942. It hosted the football match between Romania and Ghana during the 1964 Summer Olympics.

In 2019, Kyoto Sanga announced plans to move to Sanga Stadium by Kyocera, a new, football-specific stadium being built in Kameoka, in time for the 2020 season to start.

Kameoka, Kyoto
Kameoka (亀岡市, Kameoka-shi) is a city in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 87,518 in 29,676 households and a population density of 390 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 224.80 square kilometres (86.80 sq mi).
Smoking in Taiwan
Smoking in Taiwan is regulated by the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act (Taiwan). Tobacco advertising is banned, and smoking is banned in all indoor public places. Taiwan was the second Asian country to institute an indoor smoking ban, after Bhutan. The Government of Taiwan (Republic of China) is planning to extend the smoking ban to cars, motorbikes, and pedestrians.

Smoking bans in private vehicles
Smoking bans in private vehicles are enacted to protect passengers from secondhand smoke and to increase road traffic safety, e.g. by preventing the driver from being distracted by the act of smoking. Smoking bans in private vehicles are less common than bans extended to public transport or vehicles used during work, like trucks or police cars.
Kamieńczyk Wielki
Kamieńczyk Wielki (Polish pronunciation: [kaˈmjɛj̃tʂɨk ˈfjɛlkʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boguty-Pianki, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Ostrów County, Masovian Voivodeship
Ostrów County (Polish: powiat ostrowski) is a county in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. Its seat is located in the town of Ostrów Mazowiecka, with the only other town of the county being Brok. The county was established on 1 January 1999, and historically existed from 1919 to 1939 in the Białystok Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic, and in 1939, in the Warsaw Voivodeship.

The county covers an area of 1,218.06 square kilometres (470.3 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 72,558, out of which the population of Ostrów Mazowiecka is 22,489, that of Brok is 1,941, and the rural population is 48,128.
Wolak
Wolak is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ewa Wolak (born 1960), Polish politician

Marsha Wolak (born 1958), American poker player and tennis player

Paweł Wolak (born 1981), Polish boxer

Robert Wolak (born 1955), Polish mathematician

Robert Wolak
Robert Antoni Wolak (born September 19, 1955) is a Polish mathematician, habilitated doctor of mathematical sciences. He specializes in differential geometry, foliation theory and differential topology. Associate professor of the Department of Geometry of the Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science of the Jagiellonian University.
Penrith Selective High School
Penrith Selective High School (PSHS) is a public co-educational academically selective secondary day school, located in Penrith, in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1950 and operated by the NSW Department of Education, the school caters for approximately 925 students from Year 7 to Year 12.

Penrith Selective High School has consistently performed among the top schools in the Higher School Certificate (HSC). The classes of 2010, 2017, and 2018 share the school's highest ranking at 27th in New South Wales, based on HSC results. In 2018, over 90 students received an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) of over 90 and the median ATAR was 91.95. The school also ranks well nationally, consistently placing amongst the top 15 to 20 schools in Australia based on results of the National Assessment Program (NAPLAN), a series of nationally administered tests aimed at measuring student's ability in reading, writing, spelling, grammar and punctuation, and numeracy.

Selective school
A selective school is a school that admits students on the basis of some sort of selection criteria, usually academic. The term may have different connotations in different systems and is the opposite of a comprehensive school, which accepts all students, regardless of aptitude.
Primary education is rarely selective, secondary education is selective and comprehensive depending on country, at the university level is almost universally selective.
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles. The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck. The sternocleidomastoid is innervated by the accessory nerve.

Clavicle
The clavicle, collarbone, or keybone is a slender, S-shaped long bone approximately 15 centimetres (6 in) long that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on each side of the body. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade, it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is a palpable bone and, in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible. It receives its name from Latin clavicula 'little key' because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured by impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit.
John Edwin (1749–1790)
John Edwin (10 August 1749 – 31 October 1790), English actor, was born in London, the son of a watchmaker. He was the long-term companion of the actress Elizabeth Walmesley who acted under the name Mrs. Edwin.

John O'Keeffe (writer)
John O'Keeffe (24 June 1747 – 4 February 1833) was an Irish actor and dramatist. He wrote a number of farces, amusing dramatic pieces and librettos for pasticcio operas, many of which had great success. Among these are Tony Lumpkin in Town (1778), Love in a Camp (1786), and Omai (1785), an account of the voyages of the Tahitian explorer Omai, and Wild Oats (1791).