hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
P. R. Wallace
P. R. (Philip Russell; "Phil") Wallace (April 19, 1915 – March 20, 2006) was a Canadian theoretical physicist and long-time professor at McGill University. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences (India). He had a distinguished career as educator, researcher, and activist in science and society, but he is increasingly well known for his pioneering paper  in 1947 on the band structure of graphite, and particularly graphene, the subject of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Karl Benrath
Karl Benrath (10 August 1845 in Düren – 21 July 1924 in Königsberg) was a German church historian.

Benrath was educated in Bonn, Berlin and Heidelberg. In 1871 went on a scientific tour of several years to Italy and England. From 1879 he was professor at Bonn, and from 1890 professor of church history at Königsberg.

His most important works describe 16th century reformation movement in Northern Italy.

University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg (German: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was a university in Königsberg, East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussia and received the royal privilege by King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland in 1560. The university was commonly known as the Albertina.

Following World War II, the city of Königsberg (renamed Kaliningrad) was transferred to the Soviet Union under the terms of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement. The Albertina was closed and the remaining German population was expelled. Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.
Gmina Jastarnia
Gmina Jastarnia (Polish: [jaˈstar.ɲa]) is an urban and rural municipality in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, within Puck County, on the Hel Peninsula. Its seat of government is in the town of Jastarnia. It has an area of 7.8 km2, and in 2021, it had a population of 3,554 people.

Jurata
Jurata is a settlement and seaside resort in northern Poland, located on the Hel Peninsula in a forested area between the towns of Jastarnia and Hel in Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, on the coast of the Baltic Sea.
Hans Ainson
Hans Ainson (also Hans Hainson; 27 September 1862, in Tarvastu Parish (now Viljandi Parish), Kreis Fellin – 6 June 1950, in Tarvastu Parish, Viljandi County) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of III Riigikogu, representing the Farmers' Assemblies. On 12 January 1927, he resigned and was replaced by Mart Martinson.

Viljandi Parish
Viljandi Parish (Estonian: Viljandi vald) is a rural municipality of Viljandi County, Estonia. It is located around the town of Viljandi, but does not include it.

Viljandi Parish was established by merging four municipalities: Paistu, Pärsti, Saarepeedi and Viiratsi parishes. This took place after the municipal elections held on 20 October 2013.

Between 1939 and 1950, Viljandi Parish existed with different borders.
Tenzing (film)
Tenzing is an upcoming biographical drama film about Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, directed by Jennifer Peedom and written by Australian author Luke Davies. It stars Tom Hiddleston as Sir Edmund Hillary and Willem Dafoe as John Hunt. Caitríona Balfe co-stars.

Higher Ground Productions
Higher Ground Productions, also known simply as Higher Ground, is an American production company which was founded in 2018 by former United States president Barack Obama and former First Lady Michelle Obama.
Histri
The Histri or Istri (Ancient Greek: Ἴστροι) were an ancient people inhabiting the Istrian Peninsula, to which they gave the name Histria. Their territory stretched to the neighbouring Gulf of Trieste and bordered the Iapodes in the hinterland of Tarsatica. The Histri formed a kingdom.

Trsat
Trsat (Italian: Tersatto, Latin: Tarsatica) is part of the city of Rijeka, Croatia, with a historic castle or fortress in a strategic location and several historic churches, in one of which the Croatian noble Prince Vuk Krsto Frankopan is buried. Trsat is a steep hill, 138 m high, rising over the gorge of the Rječina river, about a kilometre away from the sea; strategically significant from the earliest times right up to the 17th century, it is today a major Christian pilgrimage centre and home to a statue of Pope John Paul II who came to Trsat as a Pilgrim in 2003. Today, the University of Rijeka's newly constructed campus lies in the western part of Trsat.
Lake Thibadeau National Wildlife Refuge
Lake Thibadeau National Wildlife Refuge is a 3,868-acre (1,565 ha) National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. state of Montana, 15 mi (24 km) northeast of Havre, Montana. This refuge is a part of the Bowdoin Wetland Management District (WMD), and is managed from Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge is an easement refuge almost entirely on privately owned property and consists of grassland, marshes and cropland.

National Wildlife Refuge
The National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
Cynodon plectostachyus
Cynodon plectostachyus, the giant star grass, is a species of grass (family Poaceae). It is native to Chad, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, and has been introduced as a livestock forage to California and Florida in the United States, Mexico, Honduras, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Paraguay, Argentina, Nepal, and Bangladesh. An aggressive competitor, it is now the most widespread grass in the New World Tropics. It is typically paired in a silvopastoral system with Leucaena leucocephala.

Silvopasture
Silvopasture (silva is forest in Latin) or wood pasture is the practice of integrating trees, forage, and the grazing of domesticated animals in a mutually beneficial way. It utilizes the principles of managed grazing, and it is one of several distinct forms of agroforestry. If done correctly, silvopastures can count as nature-based solutions to climate change.

Properly managed silvopasture (grazed woodland) can increase overall productivity and long-term income due to the simultaneous production of tree crops, forage, and livestock. It can provide environmental benefits, and has been practiced in many parts of the world for centuries.
Glow Up: Britain's Next Make-Up Star series 1
The first series of Glow Up: Britain's Next Make-Up Star began on 6 March 2019 on BBC Three, and concluded on 24 April 2019. The series was hosted by Stacey Dooley, and was judged by industry professionals Dominic Skinner and Val Garland. Various guest stars including David Malinowski and NikkieTutorials appeared. The series was won by Ellis Atlantis, with Nikki Patel as runner-up and Leigh Easthope in third place.

Nikkie de Jager
Nikkie de Jager-Drossaers (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈnɪki də ˈjaːɣər drɔˈsaːrs]; born 2 March 1994),  known online as NikkieTutorials, is a Dutch make-up artist, model and beauty YouTuber. She gained online popularity in 2015 after her YouTube video "The Power of Makeup" became popular and inspired many other videos of people showing their faces with and without makeup.
Abney (surname)
Abney is an  English surname, which evolved in spelling from the surname D'Aubigny. The name originated from meaning "of" or "from" Saint-Aubin-d'Aubigné (now in Ille-et-Vilaine department). Notable people with the surname include:

Derek Abney (born 1980), American footballer

Don Abney (1923–2000), American jazz pianist

Keith Abney II (born 2005), American football player

Larry Abney (born 1977), American basketball player

Mary Abney (1676–1750), English aristocrat

Sir Thomas Abney (1640–1722), Lord Mayor of London

Thomas Abney (judge) (1690 or 1691 – 1750), English barrister and judge

William de Wiveleslie Abney (1844–1920), English chemist and educationist

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
Paulino Gullas
Paulino Arandia Gullas (29 April 1891 – 1945) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, newspaper publisher, and legislator from Cebu, Philippines. He was the founder of The Freeman, Cebu's longest-running newspaper, served as member of the 7th Philippine Legislature for Cebu's 2nd district (1925–1927), Delegate to the 1934 Constitutional Convention, and member of the National Assembly during World War II.

Legislative districts of Cebu
The legislative districts of Cebu are the representations of the province of Cebu in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. At present, the province is represented in the  House of Representatives by its seven congressional districts, with their respective representatives being elected every three years. Locally, the districts are also allotted two seats in the Cebu Provincial Board, with board members also being elected every three years.
Peter Trefonas
Peter Trefonas (born 1958) is a retired DuPont Fellow (a senior scientist) at DuPont, where he had worked on the development of electronic materials. He is known for innovations in the chemistry of photolithography, particularly the development of anti-reflective coatings and polymer photoresists that are used to create circuitry for computer chips. This work has supported the patterning of smaller features during the lithographic process, increasing miniaturization and microprocessor speed.

Perkin Medal
The Perkin Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry (American Section) to a scientist residing in The United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development." It is considered the highest honor given in the US chemical industry.

The Perkin Medal was first awarded in 1906 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of mauveine, the world's first synthetic aniline dye, by Sir William Henry Perkin, an English chemist. The award was given to Sir William on the occasion of his visit to the United States in the year before he died. It was next given in 1908 and has been given every year since then.
Binscarth
Binscarth is an unincorporated urban community in the Municipality of Russell – Binscarth, Manitoba. It is located approximately 167 km (104 mi) northwest of Brandon, 16 km (9.9 mi) south from Russell, and 16 km (10 mi) east of the Saskatchewan border.

Prior to 1 January 2015, it was designated as a village.

The economic base of Binscarth and area is a mix of agriculture and service businesses. Major industrial employers in the area include three potash mines nearby in Saskatchewan (Nutrien in Rocanville, and Mosaic K1 in Esterhazy and K2 in Gerald) and a canola crushing plant (Bunge) at Harrowby Manitoba.

Esterhazy, Saskatchewan
Esterhazy is a town in the south-eastern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, 83 kilometres (52 mi) south-east of Yorkton along Highways 22 and 80. The town is in the Rural Municipality of Fertile Belt No. 183.
Saskatchewan Highway 908
Highway 908 is a provincial highway in the north-west region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The highway runs from Highway 155 to Île-à-la-Crosse on Lac Île-à-la-Crosse and provides access to the Île-à-la-Crosse Airport and Northern Eagle Resort. It is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) long.

Numbered highways in Canada
Numbered highways in Canada are split by province, and a majority are maintained by their province or territory transportation department. With few exceptions, all highways in Canada are numbered. Nonetheless, every province has a number of highways that are better known locally by their name rather than their number. Some highways have additional letters added to their number: A is typically an alternate route, B is typically a business route, and other letters are used for bypass (truck) routes, connector routes, scenic routes, and spur routes. The territory of Nunavut has no highways.
Rudolf Ray Rapaport
Rudolf Ray (April 13, 1891 – May 1984) was a prolific expressionist painter who worked and exhibited in Austria, France, the United States, Mexico, India and Britain.

Born Rudolf Rapaport in Latvia, he later used the name Rudolf Ray. He trained in Vienna, where his work was praised by Oskar Kokoschka and the city's art critics. He arrived in New York City in 1942. From 1958 to 1960 he lived in Almora, India, and from 1960 to 1974 he lived in Mexico, died in London.

In 1927 he married Vienna-born painter Katharina Zirner, who died in childbirth in Kathmandu later that year. Their son, Martin, died aged 17 in Vienna in 1944. In the 1960s Rudolf lived in Tepotzlan, Mexico, with his wife Joyce.

Oskar Kokoschka
Oskar Kokoschka CBE (1 March 1886 – 22 February 1980) was an Austrian (though, at times during his long life, he had also Czech and British citizenship)   artist, poet, playwright and teacher, best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes, as well as his theories on vision that influenced the Viennese Expressionist movement.
John Campbell of Mamore
The Hon. John Campbell (c. 1660 – 9 April 1729), of Mamore, was a Scottish Whig politician who sat in the Parliament of Scotland from 1700 to 1707 and in the British House of Commons between 1708 and 1727.

The Honourable
The Honourable (Commonwealth English) or The Honorable (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: Hon., Hon'ble, or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people, usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions.
26th AVN Awards
The 26th AVN Awards ceremony, presented by Adult Video News (AVN), honored the best pornographic movies of 2008 and took place on January 10, 2009, at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Paradise, Nevada. During the ceremony, Adult Video News presented AVN Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars of porn) in 127 categories released between Oct. 1, 2007 and Sept. 30, 2008. The ceremony, televised in the United States by Showtime, was produced by Gary Miller. Comedian Thea Vidale hosted the show for the second time, joined on stage by actresses Belladonna and Jenna Haze.

Pirates II: Stagnetti's Revenge won 15 awards, the most of the evening, including Best Video Feature and Best Director for Joone. Other winners included Fallen and Cheerleaders with four awards each and Icon, Not Bewitched XXX, and Big Wet Asses 13 with three apiece. Subsequent to the broadcast on Showtime, the show was issued on a two-disc DVD with hardcore excerpts of winning scenes added as extras.

AVN (magazine)
Adult Video News (also called AVN or AVN Magazine) is an American trade magazine that covers the adult video industry. The New York Times notes that AVN is to pornographic films what Billboard is to records. AVN sponsors an annual convention, called the Adult Entertainment Expo or AEE, in Las Vegas, Nevada along with the AVN Awards, an award show for the adult industry modeled after the Academy Awards.

AVN rates adult films and tracks news developments in the industry. An AVN issue can feature over 500 movie reviews. The magazine is about 80% ads and is targeted at adult-video retailers. Author David Foster Wallace has described AVN articles to be more like infomercials than articles, but he also described the AVN magazine as "sort of the Variety of the US porn industry."
2023–24 Bangladesh Premier League (football)
The 2023–24 Bangladesh Premier League, also known as the  ABG Bashundhara Bangladesh Premier League for sponsorship reasons, was the 16th season of the Bangladesh Premier League since its establishment in 2007. A total of 10 football clubs were competed in the league. The country's top-flight football competition was started on 22 December 2023 and ended on 29 May 2024.

The Bashundhara Kings are the defending champions, having won a record 5th consecutive title with previous season.

Bashundhara Group
Bashundhara Group LTD (Bengali: বসুন্ধরা গ্রুপ) is a Bangladeshi conglomerate based in Dhaka. It was incorporated in 1987 as a real estate company under the name East West Property Development Ltd (EWPD). It presently owns more than 50 major concerns throughout Bangladesh. The company's import-export turnover was $1.12 billion or BDT 111.38 billion in the 2022-23 fiscal year. In the 2018 fiscal year, the company's real estate holdings amounted to BDT 50,000 crores, or $4.6 billion.
Maverick Antcliff
Maverick Antcliff (born 7 April 1993) is an Australian professional golfer currently playing on the European Tour. In 2019, he won the China Tour Order of Merit, the same year he achieved his first three professional wins.

Official World Golf Ranking
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2026, 25 tours factored into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in that they are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments.

The chair of the OWGR is former world number twelve and 2008 Masters Tournament champion Trevor Immelman.
Jiangmen No. 1 Middle School
Guangdong Jiangmen No.1 High School (Simplified Chinese: 广东江门市第一中学; Traditional Chinese: 廣東江門市第一中學, commonly abbreviated as Jiangmen Yizhong or JMYZ) is a full-time and all boarding senior high school in Jianghai District, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China. Its earliest predecessor Jingxian Academy of Classical Learning was established during the Qing dynasty (1760) and expanded to a municipal high school in 1928. It is one of the most prestigious high schools in Five Counties in Guangdong (五邑地区) now.

Xinhui, Jiangmen
Xinhui, alternately romanized as Sunwui and also known as Kuixiang, is an urban district of Jiangmen in Guangdong, China. It grew from a separate city founded at the confluence of the Tan and West Rivers. It has a population of about 735,500, 98% of whom are Han Chinese and many of them speak a dialect of Cantonese as their first language. Xinhui is best known in China for its chenpi, a kind of dried Mandarin orange peel.
February 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 13 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 15

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 27 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 14th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 1.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
Dead Cert (1974 film)
Dead Cert is a 1974 British crime thriller film directed by Tony Richardson and starring Scott Antony, Judi Dench and Michael Williams. It was written by ex-jockey and Daily Telegraph racing correspondent Lord John Oaksey and Richardson, adaptated from the 1962 novel of the same name by Dick Francis. Oaksey was also technical advisor and a riding double in the film.

Tony Richardson
Cecil Antonio Richardson (5 June 1928 – 14 November 1991) was an English theatre director and filmmaker, whose career spanned five decades. He was identified with the "angry young men" group of British directors and playwrights during the 1950s, and was later a key figure in the British New Wave filmmaking movement.

His films Look Back in Anger (1959), The Entertainer (1960), A Taste of Honey (1961), and The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962) are considered classics of kitchen sink realism. He won the 1964 Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture for the film Tom Jones. He was also a two-time BAFTA Award winner, and was twice nominated for the Palme d'Or.

With his wife Vanessa Redgrave, Richardson was the father to actresses Natasha Richardson and Joely Richardson.
Tonga national under-23 football team
The Tonga national under-23 football team, also known as Tonga U23, represents Tonga internationally at U23 tournaments. The team is considered to be the feeder team for the Tonga national football team and is controlled by the Tonga Football Association.

Tonga Football Association
The Tonga Football Association (TFA) is the governing body of football in Tonga. It oversees the Tonga national football team and various age-group national teams, as well as Tonga Major League and the Tonga Cup in international and club football respectively. Tonga is a full member of FIFA and OFC and participates in major tournaments like FIFA World Cup Qualifiers and OFC Nations Cup.
Floored
Floored is the second studio album by American rock band Sugar Ray, released on June 24, 1997. It includes the hit song "Fly", and another moderately successful single, "RPM". Two versions of "Fly" appear on the album, one of them featuring reggae artist Super Cat. Floored is the first album to feature DJ Homicide as an official member, and he remained with the band through to 2009's Music for Cougars.

DJ Homicide
Craig Anthony Bullock (born December 17, 1970), also known by his stage name DJ Homicide, is an American musician, DJ, rapper, singer, record producer and radio personality. He gained recognition as the DJ of the rock band Sugar Ray.

DJ Homicide hosts The Blast on SKEE 24/7 on Dash Radio.
Ancine
Ancine (Portuguese: Agência Nacional do Cinema or National Film Agency) is a regulatory agency of the federal government of Brazil. Headquartered in Brasília, it promotes, regulates and supervises the Brazilian cinema industry. The agency was created during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, on September 6, 2000 (Provisional Measure 2,228-1, later regulated by Law 10,454 on May 13, 2002.). It is linked to the Ministry of Culture.

Federal government of Brazil
The Federal Government of Brazil (Governo Federal) is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district. The Brazilian federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in nine organs, including the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília.