hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christopher Zeller
Christopher Zeller (born 14 September 1984) is a German national representative field hockey player. As of 2008, his current club is Rot-Weiss Köln. Zeller represented Germany in the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

Rot-Weiss Köln
Kölner Tennis- und Hockey-Club Stadion Rot-Weiss e.V., also known as KTHC Stadion Rot-Weiss or simply Rot-Weiss Köln, is a German professional field hockey and tennis club based in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. The home ground is the Kölner Stadtwald.

The men's 1st XI have won the Bundesliga nine times, and have also competed in the Euro Hockey League, which they won in the 2016–17 season. The women's 1st XI have won the Bundesliga five times.
Vilma Mesa
Vilma María Mesa Narváez (born 1963) is a Colombian-American mathematics educator whose research topics have included secondary-school curriculum development, college-level calculus instruction, mathematics in community colleges, international perspectives in mathematics education, and inquiry-based learning. She is a professor of education and mathematics at the University of Michigan, where she is affiliated with the Center for the Study of Higher and Post-secondary Education.

Inquiry-based learning
Inquiry-based learning (also spelled as enquiry-based learning in British English) is a form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios. It contrasts with traditional education, which generally relies on the teacher presenting facts and their knowledge about the subject. Inquiry-based learning is often assisted by a facilitator rather than a lecturer. Inquirers will identify and research issues and questions to develop knowledge or solutions. Inquiry-based learning includes problem-based learning, and is generally used in small-scale investigations and projects, as well as research. The inquiry-based instruction is principally very closely related to the development and practice of thinking and problem-solving skills.
Electric bicycle laws
Many countries have enacted electric vehicle laws to regulate the use of electric bicycles, also termed e-bikes. Some jurisdictions have regulations governing safety requirements and standards of manufacture. The members of the European Union and other regions have wider-ranging legislation covering use and safety.

Laws and terminology are diverse. Some countries have national regulations with additional regional regulations for each state, province, or municipality. Systems of classification and nomenclature may vary. Jurisdictions may address "power-assisted bicycles" (Canada) or "electric pedal-assisted cycles" (European Union and United Kingdom) or simply "electric bicycles". Some classify pedelecs as being distinct from other bicycles using electric power. Consequently, any particular e-bike may be subject to different classifications and regulations in different jurisdictions.

Joondalup
Joondalup  (/ˈdʒuːndəlʌp/) is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of Perth's central business district. It contains the central business district of the regional City of Joondalup and acts as the primary urban centre of Perth's outer northern suburbs.
History of education in Spain
The history of education in Spain is marked by political struggles and the progress of modern societies. It began in the late Middle Ages, very close to the clergy and the nobility, and during the Renaissance it passed into the domain of a thriving bourgeois class that led an incipient enlightenment in the so-called Age of Enlightenment. The Constitution of 1812 and the drive of the liberals originated the contemporary education.

Trienio Liberal
The Trienio Liberal, ([ˈtɾjenjo liβeˈɾal], lit. 'Liberal Triennium') or Three Liberal Years, was a period of three years in Spain between 1820 and 1823 when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael del Riego against the absolutist rule of king Ferdinand VII. Del Riego's uprising forced Ferdinand VII to restore on 9 March the Constitution of Cádiz of 1812.

It ended in 1823 when, with the approval of the crowned heads of Europe, a French army invaded Spain and reinstated the King's absolute power. This invasion is known in France as the "Spanish Expedition" (expédition d’Espagne) and in Spain as the "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis."

The Triennium is framed within the European period of the Revolutions of 1820, of which it constituted the trigger. The Constitution of Cádiz was adopted by the Neapolitan and Piedmontese revolutionaries and taken as a model by the Portuguese.
Hopeton, California
Hopeton (formerly Forlorn Hope and, later, Hopetown) is an unincorporated community in Merced County, California. It is located 10.5 miles (17 km) north-northeast of Atwater, at an elevation of 184 feet (56 m).

Hopeton is located in the Merced River bottom west of Snelling.  A church was present at the townsite as early as 1852, and by 1881 the town had a population of over 1000.  The Hopeton School District survived until 1973.

The first name of the place was Forlorn Hope, after a battle term. The Forlorn post office operated from 1854 to 1859, and from 1860 to 1861. The Hopeton post office operated from 1866 to 1894 and from 1911 to 1914.

Snelling, California
Snelling (formerly Snelling's Ranch) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Merced County, California, United States. It is located on the north bank of the Merced River 17 miles (27 km) north of Merced, at an elevation of 256 feet (78 m). The population was 238 at the 2020 census.
Jim Dinning
James Francis Dinning OC ECA (born December 4, 1952) is a Canadian Progressive Conservative politician and businessman. He was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (1986–1997), and now is on the board of directors of several Canadian companies. Dinning ran for the leadership of the Alberta Progressive Conservatives to replace Ralph Klein as Premier of Alberta. Dinning raised over $2 million for his leadership bid but was ultimately defeated by Ed Stelmach when party members voted for Klein's replacement on December 2, 2006. In June 2010, he was selected as the 12th Chancellor of the University of Calgary. Dinning is an advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Commission.

Executive Council of Alberta
The Executive Council of Alberta (the Cabinet) is a body of ministers of the Crown in right of Alberta, who along with the lieutenant governor, exercises the powers of the Government of Alberta. Ministers are selected by the premier and typically (but not always) sit as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). It is the provincial equivalent to the federal Cabinet of Canada.
Ronald Plasterk
Ronald Hans Anton Plasterk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈroːnɑlt ˈɦɑns ˈɑntɔm ˈplɑstɛr(ə)k]; born 12 April 1957) is a Dutch retired politician of the Labour Party (PvdA).  He has a PhD degree in biology, specialising in molecular genetics. He is founder and CEO of Frame Cancer Therapeutics. He was appointed professor at the University of Amsterdam in September 2018.

Third Rutte cabinet
The third Rutte cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 26 October 2017 until 10 January 2022 (since 15 January 2021 demissionary). It was formed by a coalition government of the political parties People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Democrats 66 (D66) and Christian Union (CU) after the general election of 2017.

The cabinet served during the late 2010s and the start of the 2020s. Notable issues during the third Rutte cabinet included the childcare allowance affair (Dutch: toeslagenaffaire), the farmers' protests and the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands. The cabinet fell on 15 January 2021 as a response to a critical report about the childcare allowance affair.
Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society
The Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society (HARTS, Chinese: 香港業餘電台聯會) is an organization representing a majority of the amateur radio operators in Hong Kong. HARTS is a charitable institution recognized by the Inland Revenue Department since early 2008. HARTS was established in October 1929, when Hong Kong was a dependent territory of the United Kingdom. HARTS is the member society representing Hong Kong in the International Amateur Radio Union.

The organization's primary mission is to popularize and promote amateur radio in Hong Kong. HARTS operates and maintains beacons and repeaters at Tai Mo Shan, Tate's Cairn, Victoria Peak, and Tin Shui Wai. The organization has provided communications support for charitable groups and events, and has formed a support network for amateur radio emergency communications. One membership benefit of the organization is a QSL bureau for members who regularly make communications with amateur radio operators in other countries.

Amateur radio propagation beacon
An amateur radio propagation beacon is a radio beacon, whose purpose is the investigation of the propagation of radio signals. Most radio propagation beacons use amateur radio frequencies.  They can be found on LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, and microwave frequencies.   Microwave beacons are also used as signal sources to test and calibrate antennas and receivers.

The International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) and its member societies coordinate beacons established by radio amateurs.
Identity economics
Identity economics captures the idea that people make economic choices based on both monetary incentives and their identity: holding monetary incentives constant, people avoid actions that conflict with their concept of self. The fundamentals of identity economics was first formulated by Nobel Prize–winning economist George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton in their article "Economics and Identity," published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics.

This article provides a framework for incorporating social identities into standard economics models, expanding the standard utility function to include both pecuniary payoffs and identity utility. The authors demonstrate the importance of identity in economics by showing how predictions of the classic principal-agent problem change when the identity of the agent is considered.

The Quarterly Journal of Economics
The Quarterly Journal of Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Oxford University Press for the Harvard University Department of Economics. Its current editors-in-chief are Robert J. Barro, Lawrence F. Katz, Nathan Nunn, Andrei Shleifer, and Stefanie Stantcheva.
Bolan, Iowa
Bolan is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Worth County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2020 Census the population was 32. The community is part of the Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Bolan was in the spotlight in 1989, when all the town's residents appeared on Late Night with David Letterman.

Mason City, Iowa
Mason City is a city in and the county seat of Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. The population was 27,338 in the 2020 census. Mason City is known for its musical and masonry heritage, as well as being home to a significant collection of Prairie School style architecture. The city forms a regional commercial, industrial, and cultural hub for north-central Iowa with nearby Clear Lake.

The Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area that includes all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties is located at the transportation junction between Interstate 35 and the Avenue of the Saints. Local public education is provided by North Iowa Area Community College and Mason City Community School District. The Winnebago River traverses the community to the southeast.
1979 Vincentian general election
General elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 5 December 1979. The result was a victory for the Saint Vincent Labour Party (SVLP), which won eleven of the thirteen seats. Voter turnout was 64%, up only slightly from 63% in 1974.

New Democratic Party (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
The New Democratic Party (NDP) is a moderate conservative political party in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The party is led by Prime Minister Godwin Friday, and as of 2025 holds a supermajority in the House of Assembly.
Mrs. Ted Bliss
Mrs. Ted Bliss is a 1995 novel by American author Stanley Elkin, published by Hyperion Books. It concerns the last eventful years in the life of an old widow. Elkin won the 1995 National Book Critics Circle Award in the fiction category for this work.

Hachette Books
Hachette Books, formerly Hyperion Books, is a general-interest book imprint of the Perseus Books Group, which is a division of Hachette Book Group and ultimately a part of Lagardère Group. Established in 1990, Hachette publishes general-interest fiction and non-fiction books for adults. A former subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, it was originally named after Hyperion Avenue, the location of Walt Disney Studios prior to 1939. Hachette took over a 1,000 book backlist when Hyperion was purchased from Disney in 2013 with 250 bestselling novels, including Mitch Albom's The Five People You Meet in Heaven.
Bothrocophias myrringae
Bothrocophias myrringae, also known as the High-Andean Toad-Headed Pitviper, is a species of venomous pit viper found in Colombia. It is named in honour of the philosophical and conceptual advisor of professor Tulio Manuel Angarita Serrano, Angarita-Sierra's mother, Myriam Sierra Guerrero who contributed to the development of the current Colombian education model - 'Myrringa' being a Spanish nickname meaning "pinch" or "small".

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
Event dispatching thread
The event dispatching thread (EDT) is a background thread used in Java to process events from the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) graphical user interface event queue. It is an example of the generic concept of event-driven programming, that is popular in many other contexts than Java, for example, web browsers, or web servers.

The events are primarily update events that cause user interface components to redraw themselves, or input events from input devices such as the mouse or keyboard. The AWT uses a single-threaded painting model in which all screen updates must be performed from a single thread. The event dispatching thread is the only valid thread to update the visual state of visible user interface components. Updating visible components from other threads is the source of many common bugs in Java programs that use Swing. The event dispatching thread is called the primordial worker in Adobe Flash and the UI thread in SWT, .NET Framework and Android.

Standard Widget Toolkit
The Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT) is a graphical widget toolkit for use with the Java platform. It was originally developed by Stephen Northover at IBM and is now maintained by the Eclipse Foundation in tandem with the Eclipse IDE. It is an alternative to the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) and Swing Java graphical user interface (GUI) toolkits provided by Sun Microsystems as part of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE).

To display GUI elements, the SWT implementation accesses the native GUI libraries of the operating system using Java Native Interface (JNI) in a manner that is similar to those programs written using operating system-specific application programming interfaces (APIs). Programs that call SWT are portable, but the implementation of the toolkit, despite part of it being written in Java, is unique for each platform.

The toolkit is free and open-source software distributed under the Eclipse Public License, which is approved by the Open Source Initiative.
Atari MMU
Atari MMU is a custom memory management unit chip for the Atari 8-bit computers. It enables access to the hardware registers on ANTIC, GTIA, POKEY and 6520 PIA.  The later XL/XE MMU (C061618) also selects OS ROM, Atari BASIC ROM, self-test ROM and LEDs in the 1200XL. On the 128K 130XE the EMMU chip handles similar functionality.

The user cannot directly manipulate the Atari MMU, but selects the various ROMS and memory via the memory-mapped hardware register known as PORTB (5401710 or D30116). Atari changed PORTB from an input port on the 400/800 machines to an output port on the XL/XE machines, leaving two joystick ports instead of four on the XL/XE machines.

By setting and clearing specific bits in PORTB, the user can access either the ROMs or memory locations. No synchronization is required as the OS handles the access.

The bit assignments for PORTB on the XL/XE machines are:

The 1200XL does not have BASIC built-in.

Atari BASIC
Atari BASIC is an interpreter for the BASIC programming language that shipped with Atari 8-bit computers. Unlike most American BASICs of the home computer era, Atari BASIC is not a derivative of Microsoft BASIC and differs in significant ways. It includes keywords for Atari-specific features and lacks support for string arrays.

The language was distributed as an 8 KB ROM cartridge for use with the 1979 Atari 400 and 800 computers. Starting with the 600XL and 800XL in 1983, BASIC is built into the system. There are three versions of the software: the original cartridge-based "A", the built-in "B" for the 600XL/800XL, and the final "C" version in late-model XLs and the XE series. They only differ in terms of stability, with revision "C" fixing the bugs of the previous two.

Despite the Atari 8-bit computers running at a higher speed than most of its contemporaries, several technical decisions placed Atari BASIC near the bottom in performance benchmarks.
South Peace River
South Peace River was a provincial electoral district of British Columbia, Canada. It was first contested in the general election of 1956 and last contested in the general election of 1986. It and neighbouring North Peace River were formed by the partition of the old Peace River riding. Redistribution in advance of the 1991 election saw South Peace River adjusted and renamed Peace River South.

1991 British Columbia general election
The 1991 British Columbia general election was the 35th provincial election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on September 19, 1991, and held on October 17, 1991.

The New Democratic Party of Mike Harcourt defeated the incumbent Social Credit Party of British Columbia, which had been beset by scandals during Bill Vander Zalm's only term as premier. Liberal Party leader Gordon Wilson surprised observers by leading his party to winning one-third of the votes cast and 23 percent of the seats, and forming the official opposition in the legislature after having held no seats at all since 1979. The new legislature met for the first time on March 17, 1992.

The election was held at the same time as a referendum on recall and initiative. It was also the first British Columbia general election with only single-member districts.
Ri Un-suk
Ri Un-suk (born 1 January 1986) is a North Korean football midfielder who played for the North Korea women's national football team at the 2008 Summer Olympics. At the club level, she played for April 25.

Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's association football tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held in Beijing and four other cities in the People's Republic of China from 6 to 21 August. Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to send their full women's national teams.

For these Games, the women competed in a 12-team tournament. Preliminary matches commenced on 6 August, two days before the Opening Ceremony of the Games. The teams were grouped into three pools of four teams each for a round-robin preliminary round. The top two teams in each pool, as well as the best two third-place finishing teams, advanced to an eight-team single-elimination bracket.

The tournament was won by the United States, which beat Brazil 1–0 in the gold medal game. Carli Lloyd scored the game-winning goal in the 96th minute for the United States, which collected their third Olympic gold medal.
2023 Six Nations Championship
The men's 2023 Six Nations Championship (known as the Guinness Six Nations for sponsorship reasons) was the 24th Six Nations Championship, an annual rugby union competition contested by the men's national teams of England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. It was the 129th edition of the competition (including all its previous incarnations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship). France entered the tournament as defending champions, having won the Grand Slam in 2022.

Ireland won the tournament for a 15th time, along with a 13th Triple Crown and a fourth Grand Slam; it was also the first time they won the title in Dublin. In beating England in their final game on 18 March, Ireland completed a full set of consecutive victories over all the other tier-one international sides. In total 91 tries were scored in this edition of the competition, a Championship record.

Dan Cole (rugby union)
Daniel Richard Cole (born 9 May 1987) is a former English professional rugby union player who played as a prop for Premiership Rugby club Leicester Tigers and the England national team.

Cole won the Premiership four times; winning in 2009, 2010, 2013, and 2022 and was runner up a further three times.

Cole was part of multiple Six Nations Championship campaigns, including victories in 2017 and 2020 and the Grand Slam in 2016. Predominantly playing as a tighthead prop, he earned 118 test caps and represented the British & Irish Lions on two separate tours to Australia and New Zealand.

On 27 May 2025, Cole announced that he would be retiring at the end of the season.
Providence (1812 ship)
Providence was a merchant ship launched at Lynn in 1812. She sailed to Bengal and also made two voyages transporting convicts to Australia. She was wrecked in 1828 homeward bound from St Petersburg, Russia.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
Pierre Caliste Landry
Pierre Caliste Landry (April 19, 1841 – December 22, 1921) was an American born into slavery, who went on to become an attorney, Methodist Episcopal minister, mayor, newspaper editor, and state legislator in Louisiana. He was elected in 1868 as mayor of Donaldsonville, making him the first African American to be elected mayor in the United States (Monroe Baker had been appointed mayor of St. Martinville, Louisiana in 1867 by governor Benjamin Flanders).

Benjamin Flanders
Benjamin Franklin Flanders (January 26, 1816 – March 13, 1896) was a teacher, politician and planter in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1867, he was appointed by the military commander as the 21st Governor of Louisiana during Reconstruction, a position which he held for some six months. He was the second and, as of 2025, the last Republican mayor of New Orleans.