hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rafnia
Rafnia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 29 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South Africa. They grow in Mediterranean-climate fynbos (shrubland) and grassland, mostly on rocky and sandy soils. Most are native to the Cape Provinces, with some extending eastwards into KwaZulu-Natal. It belongs to subfamily Faboideae.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
DDX31
DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 31, also known as DDX31, is a human gene.

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this DEAD box protein family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a member of this family. The function of this member has not been determined. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants.

Spliceosome
A spliceosome is a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex found primarily within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The spliceosome is assembled from small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and numerous proteins. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules bind to specific proteins to form a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP, pronounced "snurps"), which in turn combines with other snRNPs to form a large ribonucleoprotein complex called a spliceosome. The spliceosome removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA, a type of primary transcript.  This process is generally referred to as splicing.  An analogy is a film editor, who selectively cuts out irrelevant or incorrect material (equivalent to the introns) from the initial film and sends the cleaned-up version to the director for the final cut.

However, sometimes the RNA within the intron acts as a ribozyme, splicing itself without the use of a spliceosome or protein enzymes.
Khandoli Institute of Technology
Khandoli Institute Of Technology (KIT), Giridih  is a private institute offering polytechnic courses. It is approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Ministry of HRD, Government of India  and affiliated to State Board of Technical Education, Jharkhand and recognised by Dept. of Science and Technology, Govt. of Jharkhand. It offers 3 years Diploma course in Mining Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Civil Engineering. KIT is the only private college in state offering Diploma in Mining Engineering. Jharkhand has an abundance of coal and Giridih is rich in mineral resources and has several large coal fields with one of the best qualities of metallurgical coal in India, so KIT started in 2014 with an aim of transforming Giridih as well as Jharkhand to a primary centre for technical education.
It has successfully completed 4 year and it has started its 5th year of admissions. First Batch got passed out and more than 50% student are successfully placed.

Metallurgical coal
Metallurgical coal or coking coal is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking. The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand for steel. Primary steelmaking companies often have a division that produces coal for coking, to ensure a stable and low-cost supply.

Metallurgical coal comes mainly from Canada, the United States, and Australia, with Australia exporting 58% of seaborne trade, mostly going to China. In the United States, the electric power sector used "93% of total U.S. coal consumption between 2007 and 2018"; only 7% of the total was metallurgical coal and coal for other uses such as heating.
Tony Jordan (winemaker)
Anthony Douglas Jordan OAM (28 May 1944 – 27 August 2019) was an Australian winemaker and oenologist.

In the 1970s, Jordan, along with winemaker Brian Croser developed the oenology program at what is now Charles Sturt University. He later founded the wine consultancy Oenotec with Croser. For most of his career, Jordan worked for Moët-Hennessy, establishing and managing wineries around the world, including Domaine Chandon in the Yarra Valley. In his retirement, he scouted the location for the Ao Yun winery. Throughout his life, Jordan was deeply involved in the Australian wine industry and judged numerous wine competitions both nationally and internationally.

Jordan was very influential on the Australian wine industry.

Winemaker
A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking. They are generally employed by wineries or wine companies, where their work includes:

Cooperating with viticulturists

Monitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest

Crushing and pressing grapes

Monitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material

Filtering the wine to remove remaining solids

Testing the quality of wine by tasting

Placing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation

Preparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured

Making sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottled

Today, these duties require an increasing amount of scientific knowledge, since laboratory tests are gradually supplementing or replacing traditional methods. Winemakers can also be referred to as oenologists as they study oenology – the science of wine.
Paul McGahan
Paul William McGahan (born 12 October 1964) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A halfback, McGahan represented Counties and North Harbour at a provincial level and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1990 and 1991. He played six matches for the All Blacks but did not gain a test cap.

North Harbour Rugby Union
The North Harbour Rugby Union (NHRU), commonly known as North Harbour or simply Harbour, is the governing body of rugby union that encompasses a wide geographical area north of Auckland that includes North Shore City, Rodney District, the Hibiscus Coast and part of Waitakere City. There are 12 rugby clubs from Mahurangi RFC, based in Warkworth, Rodney District, in the north through to Massey the southernmost area of the union.

The NHRU provincial rugby team that was formed in 1985 by clubs that left the Auckland Rugby Union. It competes in the Mitre 10 Cup, the successor to New Zealand's former domestic competition, the National Provincial Championship (NPC).
Back-Room Boy
Back-Room Boy is a 1942 British comedy mystery film directed by Herbert Mason, produced by Edward Black for Gainsborough Pictures and distributed by General Film Distributors. The cast includes Arthur Askey, Googie Withers, Graham Moffatt and Moore Marriott. It marked the film debut of Vera Frances. The original story was written by J.O.C. Orton, Marriott Edgar and Val Guest. A man from the Met Office is sent to a lighthouse on a remote Scottish island to monitor the weather, where he hopes to escape from women, but soon finds the island overrun by them.

Back-Room Boy was released to cinemas in the United Kingdom on 17 April 1942.

General Film Distributors
General Film Distributors (GFD), later known as J. Arthur Rank Film Distributors and Rank Film Distributors Ltd., was a British film distribution company based in London. It was active between 1935 and 1996, and from 1937 it was part of the Rank Organisation.
Levidis family
The House of Levidis (Greek: Λεβίδης) is a Greek aristocratic family with roots from the Byzantine Empire, hailing from Constantinople and with a distinguished role in the history of the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, Wallachia, Egypt and Greece.

Filiki Eteria
Filiki Eteria (Greek: Φιλικὴ Ἑταιρεία, romanized: Filikī́ Etaireía) or Society of Friends (Greek: Ἑταιρεία τῶν Φιλικῶν, romanized: Etaireía tôn Filikôn) was a secret political and revolutionary organization founded in 1814 in Odessa, whose purpose was to overthrow Ottoman rule in Greece and establish an independent Greek State. Society members were mainly young Phanariot Greeks from Constantinople and the Russian Empire, local political and military leaders from the Greek mainland and islands, as well as several Orthodox Christian leaders from other nations that were under Hellenic influence, such as Karađorđe from Serbia, and Tudor Vladimirescu from Romania. One of its leaders was the prominent Phanariote Prince Alexander Ypsilantis. The Society initiated the Greek War of Independence in the spring of 1821.
Häring
Häring or Haering is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernhard Häring (1912–1998), German theologian

Hugo Häring (1882–1958), German architect

Harold Haering (1930–2014), American politician

Norbert Häring (born 1963), German journalist

Bernhard Häring
Bernard Häring CSsR (10 November 1912 – 3 July 1998) was a German moral theologian and a Redemptorist priest in the Catholic Church. The national Catholic Reporter, upon his death, called him "the foremost Catholic moral theologian of the 20th century and a leading advocate for church reform before, during and after the Second Vatican Council."
Béatrice Hess
Béatrice Pierre Hess (born 10 November 1961 in Colmar) is a French Paralympic swimmer. The French newspaper L'Humanité has described her as "one of the best swimmers in the world",

Competing at the Paralympic Games, Hess won four gold medals in 1984, one in 1988, six in 1996, and seven in 2000. She also broke nine world records at the 2000 Paralympics in Sydney. At the 2004 Games, she won two gold and three silver medals.

Hess has cerebral palsy, and competes in the S5 disability classification.

L'Humanité
L'Humanité (French pronunciation: [lymanite] ⓘ, lit. 'Humanity') is a French daily newspaper. It was previously a de facto organisation of the SFIO, and thereafter of the French Communist Party (PCF), to which it still maintains links. Its slogan is "In an ideal world, L'Humanité would not exist."
A Handshake in the Dark
A Handshake in the Dark is an anti-war choral piece by Michael Nyman, based on texts by the Iraqi poet Jamal Jumá, an exiled poet living in Denmark, and constitutes a series of imaginary letters to his younger brother, a conscript captured by the Americans and whose whereabouts were long unknown. The poetry graphically describes the pain and loss felt before the brother’s eventual release. The piece was premiered by the BBC Symphony Chorus and Orchestra on 8 March 2007 at the Barbican Hall, London.

Michael Nyman
Michael Laurence Nyman, CBE (born 23 March 1944) is an English composer, pianist, librettist, musicologist, and filmmaker. He is known for numerous film scores (many written during his lengthy collaboration with the filmmaker Peter Greenaway), and his multi-platinum soundtrack album to Jane Campion's The Piano. He has written a number of operas, including The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat; Letters, Riddles and Writs; Noises, Sounds & Sweet Airs; Facing Goya; Man and Boy: Dada; Love Counts; and Sparkie: Cage and Beyond. He has written six concerti, five string quartets, and many other chamber works, many for his Michael Nyman Band. He is also a performing pianist. Nyman prefers to write opera over other forms of music.
Saqiyat Najm
Saqiyet Nijm (Arabic: ساقية نجم)  is a Syrian village located in Al-Suqaylabiyah Nahiyah in Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Saqiyet Nijm had a population of 1,932 in the 2004 census.

Al-Suqaylabiyah Subdistrict
Al-Suqaylabiyah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركز السقيلبية)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Suqaylabiyah Subdistrict had a population of 49,686 in the 2004 census.
Daniela Ludwig
Daniela Ludwig (née Raab, born 7 July 1975) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since 2002.

In addition to her work in parliament, Ludwig has been serving as Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of the Interior in the government of Chancellor Friedrich Merz since 2025.

Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of the Interior  (German: Bundesministerium des Innern, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm dɛs ˈʔɪnɐn ʔʊnt fyːɐ̯ ˈhaɪmaːt] ⓘ; abbreviated BMI) is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Alexander Dobrindt. 
It is comparable to the UK Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies. The BMI is tasked with the internal security of Germany. To fulfill this responsibility it maintains, among other agencies, the two biggest federal law enforcement agencies in Germany, the Federal Police (including the GSG 9) and the Federal Criminal Police Office. It is also responsible for the federal domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
Catherine Jacques
Catherine Jacques (born 28 September 1979, in Merksem) is a Belgian judoka who competed in the middleweight category (70 kg). She is a multiple-time national champion, and a four-time bronze medalist for her category at the European Judo Championships. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Jacques missed out of the Olympic podium in the women's 70 kg category, after she was defeated by Germany's Annett Böhm, who scored an ippon within thirty-eight seconds, in the bronze medal match. She was able to fight back against her opponent for a rematch to capture the bronze medal, this time at the 2005 World Judo Championships in Cairo, Egypt.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Jacques qualified again for the 70 kg category. She was eliminated in the second preliminary round, losing out to Italy's Ylenia Scapin, who scored a single yuko point in the match.

European Judo Championships
The European Judo Championships is the Judo European Championship organized by the European Judo Union. The 2015 and 2019 editions were held during the respective European Games. This is also expected for future editions of the European Games.
Midway, Washington County, Tennessee
Midway is an unincorporated community and former census-designated place (CDP) in Washington County, Tennessee. The population was 2,491 at the 2000 census; it was not counted at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

The community is located on Old State Route 34, a former alignment of US Route 11E between Jonesborough and Johnson City.

Tennessee State Route 34
State Route 34 (SR 34) is an unsigned state highway located in East Tennessee. The 155.7-mile-long (250.6 km) route traverses several cities through eight counties from the Knoxville area to the North Carolina state line via Greeneville and Bristol. The portion from Carter to Bristol is concurrent with U.S. Route 11E (US 11E) while the portion from Bristol to North Carolina is concurrent with US 421.
25th Annual Black Reel Awards
The 25th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony, presented by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film (FAAAF) and honoring the best films of 2024, took place on February 17, 2025. The film nominations were announced on December 19, 2024, with the ceremony streamed live on their website.

The historical drama film Nickel Boys led with the most nominations at thirteen, followed closely by The Piano Lesson with twelve. Aunjanue Ellis-Taylor notably received two nominations for Outstanding Supporting Performance for her performances in Exhibiting Forgiveness and Nickel Boys. Zendaya also received dual recognition, both as an actor and producer of Challengers.

The nominations for the 9th Annual Black Reel Awards for Television were announced on June 18, 2025. The Netflix romantic teen drama series Forever led nominations with a total of 12, followed closely by the ABC sitcom Abbott Elementary with 11. The winners were announced online on August 18, 2025.

Forever (2025 TV series)
Forever is an American romantic teen drama television series created by Mara Brock Akil loosely adapted from the Judy Blume novel of the same name. It was released on Netflix on May 8, 2025, and was renewed for a second season on May 14.
Vincent Graves Greene Philatelic Research Foundation
The Vincent Graves Greene Philatelic Research Foundation is a nonprofit philatelic library, publisher and expertisation service based in Ontario, Canada. The Foundation is incorporated and registered as a charitable organization for Canadian tax purposes and is an active publisher of works relating to Canadian philately.

Philatelic expertisation
Philatelic expertisation is the process whereby an authority is asked to give an opinion whether a philatelic item is genuine and whether it has been repaired or altered in any way.

Forging and faking, regumming and reperforating of stamps is common in the philatelic marketplace, and increasingly buyers demand an expert certificate before buying a valuable item. Some items are so often faked or altered that they may be almost unsaleable without a certificate.
May v Burdett
May v. Burdett, 9 Q.B. 101 (1846), was an English case argued decided before the Queen's Bench that ruled a plaintiff injured by a dangerous animal kept by the defendant had a prima facie case for negligence even without a showing that the defendant had been negligent in securing the animal.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Eric Andolsek
Eric Thomas Andolsek (August 22, 1966 – June 23, 1992) was an American professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the Detroit Lions in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the LSU Tigers.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Cold River (Bearcamp River tributary)
The Cold River is an 11.9-mile-long (19.2 km) river in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Bearcamp River, part of the Ossipee River and Saco River watersheds. The river lies entirely in the town of Sandwich.

The Cold River begins on the southern slopes of Sandwich Mountain, within the Sandwich Wilderness of the White Mountain National Forest. The river flows generally east and then southeast, leaving the national forest, passing New Hampshire Route 113A in the village of Whiteface, and reaching the Bearcamp River close to the Sandwich/Tamworth town line.

New Hampshire Route 113
New Hampshire Route 113 (abbreviated NH 113) is a 40.456-mile  long (65.108 km) east–west state highway in east-central New Hampshire.  NH 113 begins in the Lakes Region at an intersection with U.S. Route 3 and New Hampshire Route 25 in Holderness, and stretches eastward across the central part of the state, ending at an intersection with U.S. Route 302 in Conway, just a few miles west of the Maine border.
Axel Lindstrom
Axel Olaf Lindstrom (August 26, 1895 – June 24, 1940)  was a pitcher for the 1916 Philadelphia Athletics. Lindstrom was born in Sweden in 1895 and died in North Carolina in 1940.

The 1916 Athletics had the worst winning percentage of any major league baseball team in the 20th century. Lindstrom made his lone appearance at the close of the season, pitching the last four innings on October 3.  He allowed just two earned runs to get the save.  This meant that Lindstrom actually ended the season tied for the team lead in saves, with one.  (Two other pitchers also saved one game apiece for the 1916 A's.) In his only two big league at-bats, he went one-for-two, and singled home a run.

After his brief stint in the majors, Lindstrom played several seasons with Worcester in the Eastern League, and finished his career in the South Atlantic League.

Worcester Busters
The Worcester Busters was an American baseball team which played at Boulevard Park, Worcester, Massachusetts.  They played in Class B of the New England League from 1906 and the Eastern League from 1916 to 1921.
Tea bag
A tea bag (also spelled teabag) is a small, porous, sealed bag or packet typically containing tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) or the leaves of other herbs, which is immersed in water to steep and make an infusion. Originally used only for making tea, they are now made for other tisanes (herbal "teas") as well.

Tea bags are commonly made of filter paper or food-grade plastic, or occasionally of silk cotton or silk. The tea bag performs the same function as a tea infuser. Tea bags can be used multiple times until there is no extraction left. Some tea bags have an attached piece of string with a paper label at the top that assists in removing the bag, while also displaying the brand or variety of tea. There are also special tea filters that can be used to pour loose tea into and brew it in a bag in a cup.

Food contact materials
Food contact materials or food contacting substances (FCS) are materials that are intended to be in contact with food. These include containers like a glass or a can for soft drinks as well as machinery in a food factory or a coffee machine.

Food contact materials can be constructed from a variety of materials, including plastics, rubber, paper, coatings, metal, etc. In many cases, a combination is used; for example, a carton box for juices can include (from the inside to the outside) a plastic layer, aluminum, paper, printing, and top coating.

During contact with the food, molecules can migrate from the food contact material to the food, for example, via blooming. Because of this, many countries regulate these food contact chemicals to ensure food safety.