hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Nightmare
The Nightmare is a 1781 oil painting by the Swiss artist Henry Fuseli. It shows a woman with her arms thrown below her, in deep sleep as she undergoes a nightmare as an almost hidden horse (the "night-mare") looks on as a demonic and ape-like incubus crouches on her chest. Its erotic and haunting evocation of obsession became a breakthrough success for Fuseli. Critics were taken aback by its overt sexuality, since interpreted as anticipating Jungian ideas about the unconscious.

Although Fuseli had unsuccessfully exhibited at the Royal Academy of London many times earlier, critics reacted with horrified fascination when this painting was shown at his 1782 showing, and the Nightmare became his first commercially successful work. The image became popular to the extent that he produced at least three other versions, engraved versions became widely distributed, it was parodied in political satire, and became a frequent source for 19th-century Gothic fiction authors such as Mary Shelley.

Thomas Rowlandson
Thomas Rowlandson (/ˈroʊləndsən/; 13 July 1757 – 21 April 1827) was an English artist and caricaturist of the Georgian Era, noted for his political satire and social observation. A prolific artist and printmaker, Rowlandson produced both individual social and political satires, as well as a large number of illustrations for novels, humorous books, and topographical works. Like other caricaturists of his age such as James Gillray, his caricatures are often robust or bawdy. His caricatures included those of people in power such as the Duchess of Devonshire, William Pitt the Younger and Napoleon Bonaparte. Rowlandson also produced erotica for a private clientele; this was never published publicly at the time and is now only found in a small number of collections.
Eric Shinseki
Eric Ken Shinseki (/ʃɪnˈsɛki/; Japanese: 新関 健, romanized: Shinseki Ken, born 28 November 1942) is a retired United States Army general who served as the seventh United States secretary of veterans affairs from 2009 to 2014 and as the 34th chief of staff of the Army from 1999 to 2003. Shinseki is a veteran of two tours of combat in the Vietnam War, in which he was awarded three Bronze Star Medals for valor and two Purple Hearts. He was the first Asian-American four-star general, and the first Asian-American Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

United States Army Pacific
The United States Army Pacific (USARPAC) is an Army Service Component Command which serves as the Army component for United States Indo-Pacific Command. It may also serve as a Joint Task Force headquarters. The command has forces in Alaska, Hawaii, Japan, and South Korea. It also performs missions in Southeast Asia, in the countries stretching from the Philippines all the way to Bangladesh and India.

United States Forces Korea (USFK) has had operational command and control of U.S. forces in Korea since January 2012, and USARPAC headquarters oversees the manning, training, and equipping of Army forces assigned to USFK.

Subordinate units of this command have performed humanitarian missions in places as widely separated as Haiti, Cuba, and the Middle East.
Henry Hudson (artist)
Henry Hudson (born 1982, Bath) is a British artist who lives and works in London.  He is best known for his use of Plasticine as his artistic medium in the creation of textured ‘paintings’. Hudson's most notable exhibition to date was The Rise and Fall of Young Sen – The Contemporary Artist’s Progress, which was shown at Sotheby's SI2 Gallery, London in May 2015. The exhibition consisted of ten large scale Plasticine paintings, depicting a contemporary version of William Hogarth's  A Rake's Progress. According to the New York Times, all ten paintings were sold prior to the show opening.

Plasticine
Plasticine is a putty-like modelling material made from calcium salts, petroleum jelly and aliphatic acids. Though originally a brand name for the British product, it was later used generically in English as a product category for other formulations.

Plasticine is used for children's play and as a modelling medium for more formal or permanent structures.  Because of its non-drying property, it is commonly chosen for stop motion animation, including several Academy Award-winning films by Nick Park.
Marcello Barbieri
Marcello Barbieri (born 1940) is an Italian theoretical biologist at the University of Ferrara whose main interest is the origin of novelties in macroevolution. He has been one of founders and first editor-in-chief of the journal Biosemiotics until 2012; currently, he is an editor of the journal BioSystems. His research field is code biology, the study of all codes of life from the genetic code to the codes of culture. His major books are The Semantic Theory of Evolution (1985), The Organic Codes (2003), and Code Biology. A New Science of Life (2015).

Genetic code
Genetic code is a set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.

The codons specify which amino acid will be added next during protein biosynthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. The vast majority of genes are encoded with a single scheme (see the RNA codon table). That scheme is often called the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though variant codes (such as in mitochondria) exist.
Down the Line (José González song)
"Down the Line" is a single from José González's second album In Our Nature. The single was released as the first single in the UK on September 10, 2007. The song was also the third single in Sweden, released on February 20, 2008. José's cover of "Smalltown Boy" by Bronski Beat was featured as a B-side. It was featured on an episode of the highly successful Australian drama series Packed to the Rafters and then featured on the platinum selling soundtrack, as well as Ministry of Sound's Chillout Sessions 10 compilation album.

The song reached #72 on Triple J Hottest 100, 2007.

Ministry of Sound
Ministry of Sound or Ministry of Sound Group is a multimedia entertainment business based in London with a nightclub, shared workspace and private members' club, worldwide events operation, music publishing business and fitness studio.

James Palumbo is the co-founder and former chairman and CEO of the Group. He handed over the day-to-day running of the business to Lohan Presencer in 2008. In 2018, Presencer became chairman.
Dedni Vrh pri Vojniku
Dedni Vrh pri Vojniku (pronounced [ˈdeːdni ˈʋəɾx pɾi ˈʋoːi̯niku]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It lies just south of Frankolovo off the main road from Vojnik towards Slovenske Konjice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Slovenske Konjice
Slovenske Konjice (pronounced [slɔˈʋèːnskɛ kɔˈnjìːtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Gonobitz, in older sources also Gannobitz) is a town in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria.
Firawa mine
The Firawa mine is a large open pit mine located in the western part of Mauritania. Firawa represents one of the largest uranium reserves in Mauritania having estimated reserves of 30 million tonnes of ore grading 0.025% uranium.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Rantering
Rantering is a type of stitching made to conceal a seam line that runs across the grain of the joined pieces of fabric. Rantering stitches take hold of the nap of the fabric and pull it closed over the seam. After this process, the tailor will card or scratch the rantering to blend the nap around the seam with the rest of the fabric. A rantering stitch would also be used in the process of mending a garment to conceal seam lines produced in that process.

Stitch (textile arts)
In the textile arts, a stitch  is a single turn or loop of thread, or yarn.  Stitches are the fundamental elements of sewing, knitting, embroidery, crochet, and needle lace-making, whether by hand or machine. A variety of stitches, each with one or more names, are used for specific purposes.
Jorunn
Jorunn is a feminine Norwegian given name. In Norse, "jór/iór" means "horse", and "unna" means "love". Alternatively, the first word may be derived from "jǫfurr", which means "king" or "chieftain", derived from a term that originally meant "wild boar [helmet]".

Notable people with the name include:

Jorunn Hageler (1946–2023), Norwegian politician

Jorunn Hareide, Norwegian historian of literature

Jorunn Horgen (born 1966), Norwegian windsurfer

Jorunn Johnsen (1905–1984), Norwegian journalist

Jorunn Kjellsby (born 1944), Norwegian actress

Jorunn Økland, Norwegian theologian

Jorunn Ringstad (1943–2018), Norwegian politician

Jorunn Teigen (born 1961), Norwegian orienteering competitor

Jórunn skáldmær, Norwegian skald

Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen (born 1961), Norwegian professor of sports medicine

Jórunn Viðar (1918–2017), Icelandic pianist and composer

Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
Jorunn Kaiander Sundgot-Borgen (born 18 March 1961) is a Norwegian professor of sports medicine.

She took the MSc degree at the Arizona State University in 1985, and the dr.scient. degree at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences in 1993. She held a post-doctorate scholarship at Yale University from 1993 to 1997. She was a part-time consultant for Olympiatoppen, the Norwegian elite sports program, from 1995 to 2008. She was an associate professor from 1997 to 2002, and is a professor since 2002, of sports medicine at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. She is especially cited on her expertise in eating disorders.
Heat cost allocator
Heat cost allocators are devices attached to individual radiators in buildings that measure the total heat output of the individual radiator. Heat cost allocators can be either electronic, where one or two electronic thermosensors and a microcontroller are used to calculate the heat consumption of radiator by the temperature difference between the radiator and the air in room, or evaporative, where a special, calibrated liquid in a capillary tube records the total heat absorbed from the air (for which an average allowance is made) in addition to that output by the radiator. Tubes filled with methyl benzoate according to DIN EN 835 can be used by checking the color change.

Radiator
A radiator is a heat exchanger used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating. The majority of radiators are constructed to function in cars, buildings, and electronics.

A radiator is always a source of heat to its environment, although this may be for either the purpose of heating an environment, or for cooling the fluid or coolant supplied to it, as for automotive engine cooling and HVAC dry cooling towers. Despite the name, most radiators transfer the bulk of their heat via convection instead of thermal radiation.
Luttrellstown Castle
Luttrellstown Castle is a castellated house located in Clonsilla on the outskirts of Dublin, Ireland dating from the early 15th century (c. 1420).

It has been owned variously by the eponymous and notorious Luttrell family, by the bookseller Luke White and his descendants Baron Annaly, by the Guinness family, the Primwest Group, and since 2006, by JP McManus, John Magnier and Aidan Brooks. The castle has hosted visits by Queen Victoria in 1844 and 1900, and its media profile was raised when Victoria Adams married David Beckham there on 4 July 1999.

Guinness family
The Guinness family is an Anglo-Irish noble family known for its achievements in brewing, banking, politics, and Protestant ministry. The brewing branch is particularly well known among the general public for producing the dry stout beer Guinness, as founded by Arthur Guinness in 1759. An Anglo-Irish Protestant family, beginning in the late 18th century, they became a part of what is known in Ireland as the Protestant Ascendancy.

The "banking line" Guinnesses all descend from Arthur's brother Samuel (1727–1795) who set up as a goldbeater in Dublin in 1750; his son Richard (1755–1830), a Dublin barrister; and Richard's son Robert Rundell Guinness who founded Guinness Mahon in 1836.

The current head of the family is the Earl of Iveagh. Another prominent branch, descended from the 1st Earl of Iveagh, is headed by Lord Moyne.
38th Filmfare Awards South
The 38th Filmfare Awards South Ceremony honouring the winners of the best of South Indian cinema in 1990 is an event held on 11 August 1991 was an event held at the Kamaraj Memorial Hall, Madras. The chief guests were Tamil Nadu Governor Bhishma Narain Singh and actor Shatrughan Sinha.

Nirosha
Nirosha is an Indian actress. She is known for her works predominantly in Tamil film industry. She has also starred in a  few Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and was popular in the 1990s. She has a elder sister Radhika Sarathkumar, who is also an actress and two brothers, Raju and Mohan. She also has two half-brothers Radha Ravi and M.R.R Vasu.
Topa (surname)
Topa or Țopa is a surname with multiple origins. Notable people with the surname include:

António Topa (1954–2021), Portuguese politician

Bartłomiej Topa (born 1967), Polish actor

Justin Topa (born 1991), American baseball player

Tudor Țopa (born 1932), Moldovan politician and journalist

António Topa
António André da Silva Topa (2 September 1954 – 31 October 2021) was a Portuguese politician and engineer.  A member of the Social Democratic Party, he served in the Assembly of the Republic from 2015 until he died of a prolonged illness on 31 October 2021.
1908 Ross by-election
The 1908 Ross by-election was held on 31 January 1908.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Alan Coulstoun Gardner.  It was won by the Liberal Unionist candidate and previous MP for Ross Percy Clive.

Ross (UK Parliament constituency)
Ross, or the Southern division of Herefordshire was a county constituency centred on the town of Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

The constituency was created under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 for the 1885 general election, when the three-seat Herefordshire constituency was replaced by two single-member county divisions: the Leominster (or Northern) division, and the Ross (or Southern) division.

Ross was abolished for the 1918 general election.
XXI Mountain Corps (Wehrmacht)
The XXI Mountain Corps was a German military formation in World War II.

At the beginning of November 1944 the XXI Mountain Corps retreated from Albania to Podgorica in Montenegro. In mid-November they tried to break through Danilovgrad and Nikšić toward Sarajevo, but Yugoslav partisan forces supported by two British artillery batteries, code-named Floydforce, stopped them after ten days fighting. At the end of November 1944 they had to retreat through a much longer route, via Kolašin, Prijepolje, and Višegrad.

Hartwig von Ludwiger
Hartwig von Ludwiger (29 June 1895 – 3 or 5 May 1947) was a German general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. Ludwiger was responsible for numerous atrocities committed throughout the Balkans. After the war, he was charged with war crimes in Yugoslavia, convicted, and executed.
Omotunde E. G. Johnson
Omotunde E. G. Johnson (born 1941), is a senior research associate at the African Center for Economic Transformation. He previously worked as a consultant with the International Monetary Fund on central banking and financial sector issues.

Consultant
A consultant (from Latin: consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as expert, specialist, see variations of meaning below) who provides advice or services in an area of specialization (generally to medium or large-size corporations). Consulting services generally fall under the domain of professional services, as contingent work.

The Harvard Business School defines a consultant as someone who advises on "how to modify, proceed in, or streamline a given process within a specialized field".
Folk Dranouter
Folk Dranouter is a yearly folk festival spanning four days at the beginning of August in the Belgian village of Dranouter. Since 2005, a second, smaller festival, Dranouter aan zee (Dranouter at sea) is organised in De Panne on the beach near the end of April.

Billy Bragg
Stephen William Bragg (born 20 December 1957) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, author and political activist. His music blends elements of folk music, punk rock and protest songs, with lyrics that mostly span political or romantic themes. His activism is centred on social change and left-wing political causes.
San Jose River
The San Jose River is a river in the Cariboo region of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada.  It rises in the area just northwest of 100 Mile House and includes in its watershed Lac La Hache, flowing northwestwards from there to its mouth at the head of Williams Lake, at the city of the same name.  Williams Lake is drained by the Williams Lake River, effectively the continuation of the San Jose, and flows only a short distance before entering the Fraser River just west of the city.

The river is named after José Tressierra, a Mexican who was one of the first non-Indigenous settlers in the area, in the 1850s or 1860s.

Lac la Hache
Lac La Hache is a recreational and retirement community in the Cariboo region of British Columbia, Canada.  Located on the shore of Lac La Hache alongside British Columbia Highway 97 near the regional centre of 100 Mile House, the community's origins date to the days of the Cariboo Gold Rush and the Cariboo Wagon Road, for which it provided an important roadhouse.  Lac La Hache, or "The Lake of the Axe" as it translates to, was named, during the fur trade era, after the unfortunate incident of a French-Canadian voyageur who lost his axe head while chopping a hole in the ice. It is a town rich in history, as it sits along the Gold Rush Trail.
Taktsang Lotsawa Sherab Rinchen
Taktsang Lotsawa Sherab Rinchen (Tibetan: སྟག་ཚང་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ཤེས་རབ་རིན་ཆེན།།, Wylie: stag tshang lo tsA ba dra pa shes rab rin chen; 1405–1477) was a 15th-century translator and scholar of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was an important translator and commentator of tantric literature, and is regarded as one of the Great Translators (Lotsawas). His collected works were recently published in the Tibetan book series mes po'i shul bzhag (Chinese: Xianzhe yishu 先哲遗书) in 7 volumes. He authored an annotated treatise on the various Buddhist traditions, the Grub mtha' kun gsal gyi rtsa grel, which presents a detailed discussion of the Buddhist schools of ancient India. The work places particular emphasis on the doctrine and teachings of the Madhyamaka tradition founded by Nāgārjuna.

Nagarjuna
Nāgārjuna (Sanskrit: नागार्जुन, Nāgārjuna; c. 150 – c. 250 CE) was an Indian philosopher and Mahāyāna Buddhist monk of the Madhyamaka (Centrism, Middle Way) school. Nāgārjuna is widely considered one of the most important Buddhist philosophers. He was the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Buddhist philosophy and a defender of the Mahāyāna movement. His Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (Root Verses on Madhyamaka, MMK) is the most important text on the Madhyamaka philosophy of emptiness. The MMK inspired a large number of commentaries in Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, Korean and Japanese and continues to be studied today.
Moralia in Job of 945
The Moralia in Job of 945 is an illuminated manuscript of 502 bound folios, containing the text of the Commentary on Job by Gregory the Great. A colophon on the verso of its folio 500 shows its copying and illumination was completed on 11 April 945 by one Florentius in the monastery of Valeránica in what is now the town of Tordómar in Spain. Florentius is also known as the artist and copyist of other important Spanish manuscripts of this era, including the León Bible of 960.

The manuscript was later moved to the library of Toledo Cathedral, where its annotations in Arabic were added. It remained there until it was moved in 1869 to its present home in the Biblioteca Nacional de España, where it is catalogued as Ms.80.

Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon (/ˈkɒləfən, -fɒn/) is a brief statement containing information about the publication of a book such as an "imprint" (the place of publication, the publisher, ISBN and the date of publication).

A colophon may include the device (logo): 69  of a printer or publisher. Colophons are traditionally printed at the ends of books (see History below for the origin of the word), but sometimes the same information appears elsewhere (when it may still be referred to as colophon) and many modern (post-1800) books bear this information on the title page or on the verso of the title leaf, which is sometimes called a biblio page or (when bearing copyright data) the copyright page.
1898 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1898 include  Foveaux shag, Bismarck kingfisher, carunculated fruit dove, grey-streaked honeyeater, Sula jungle flycatcher, Lord Howe golden whistler, Raso lark, Santa Marta foliage-gleaner, Sharpe's starling,

Sharpe's starling
Sharpe's starling (Pholia sharpii) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. It is monotypic in the genus Pholia.

The common name and Latin binomial name commemorate the British zoologist Richard Bowdler Sharpe.
Lingwood Meadows
Lingwood Meadows is a 2.7-hectare (6.7-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Earl Stonham in Suffolk.

These ancient meadows are one of the few surviving examples of unimproved grassland in the county. They have diverse flora, and twenty grass species have been recorded with red fescue and Yorkshire fog dominant. Fifty-five other species include the nationally scarce sulphur clover.

The site is private land with no public access.

Festuca rubra
Festuca rubra is a species of grass known by the common name red fescue, creeping red fescue or the rush-leaf fescue. It is widespread across much of the Northern Hemisphere and can tolerate many habitats and climates. It is best adapted to well-drained soils in cool, temperate climates; it prefers shadier areas and is often planted for its shade tolerance. Wild animals browse it, but it has not been important for domestic forage due to low productivity and palatability. It is also an ornamental plant for gardens.