hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metropolitan Sewers Act 1851
The Metropolitan Sewers Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict. c. 75) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act extended and amended the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers Act 1848 and the Metropolitan Sewers Act 1849, which would have otherwise expired at the end of that session of Parliament, until the end of the session of Parliament underway on 7 August 1852. The Act was superseded by the further Metropolitan Sewers Acts in 1852, 1853, 1854 and 1855.

Legislative session
A legislative session is the period of time in which a legislature, in both parliamentary and presidential systems, is convened for purpose of lawmaking, usually being one of two or more smaller divisions of the entire time between two elections. A session may last for the full term of the legislature or the term may consist of a number of sessions. These may be of fixed duration, such as a year, or may be determined by the party in power. In some countries, a session of the legislature is brought to an end by an official act of prorogation, in others by a motion to adjourn sine die. In either event, the close of a session generally brings an end to all unpassed bills in the legislature, which would have to be introduced anew to continue debate in the following session.
Cwmsymlog
Cwmsymlog is a short valley, sheltering a hamlet of the same name, in Ceredigion, in the west of Wales. Once an important mining area, but the mining slowly declined and finally came to an end in 1901. Now it is peaceful, open countryside with a few mining remains, scattered houses and farmland. It is also the name of a Site of Special Scientific Interest at that location.

Devil's Bridge
Devil's Bridge is a term applied to dozens of ancient bridges, found primarily in Europe. Most of these bridges are stone or masonry arch bridges and represent a significant technological achievement in ancient architecture. Due to their unusual design, they were an object of fascination and stories in antiquity and medieval Europe.

Each of the Devil's bridges typically has a corresponding Devil-related myth or folktale regarding its origin. These stories vary widely depending on the region and beliefs. Some have the Devil as the builder of the bridge, relating to the precariousness or impossibility of such a bridge to last or exist in the first place, so much so that only the Devil himself could have built it. Others have the knowledge to build such bridges given to mankind as a gift from the Devil as part of a deal, pact or bargain between the Devil and local populace, usually in exchange for their souls.
Sarra Hamdi
Sarra Hamdi (born 13 March 1999) is a Tunisian freestyle wrestler. She is a silver medalist at the African Games and a five-time medalist, including gold, at the African Wrestling Championships. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in the women's 50 kg event.

Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 50 kg
The women's freestyle 50 kilograms competition at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, took place on 6–7 August 2021 at the Makuhari Messe in Mihama-ku.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.
Collits' Inn
Collits' Inn is a heritage-listed former inn and now functions, accommodation and restaurant at Hartley Vale Road, Hartley Vale in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Pierce Collits and built in 1823. It is also known as Collitts Inn and Golden Fleece Inn. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Central West (New South Wales)
The Central West is a region in central New South Wales, Australia. The region stretches from Lithgow in the east and to as far west as Lake Cargelligo, on the Lachlan River. The Central West is known for its attractions such as the Jenolan Caves, near Oberon and also wineries, as well as rural farmland and natural landscapes. The region includes major towns like Bathurst, Orange, Mudgee, Lithgow, Parkes and Cowra. It has an area of 63,262 square kilometres (24,426 sq mi). The region also includes the sub-region known as the Central Tablelands, located in the eastern part of the region. The region known as the Orana, which includes the area surrounding Dubbo is typically classed as being a part of the Central West also.

Major population and service centres in the Central West include Bathurst, Cowra, Lithgow, Mudgee, Orange, and Parkes. Bathurst and Orange are home to campuses of Charles Sturt University, and Lithgow housing the University of Notre Dame Regional Clinical School.
Torre Santa Susanna
Torre Santa Susanna (Brindisino: La Torri) is a comune in the province of Brindisi in Apulia, on the south-east Italian coast in the Salento peninsula.

Its main economic activities are tourism and the growing of olives and grapes.

Salentino dialect
Salentino (salentinu; salintinu; salentino) is an Extreme Southern Italian dialect (italiano meridionale estremo in Italian), spoken in the Salento peninsula, situated in the south of the Apulia region of Italy.
Doucoumbo
Doucoumbo or Doucombo is a village and rural commune in the Bandiagara Cercle of the Mopti Region of Mali. The commune contains 24 villages and at the time of the 2009 census had a population of 11,510. The village of Doucoumbo is 5 km west of Bandiagara on the RN15 that links Bandiagara to Sévaré.

Sévaré
Sévaré (or Sevare) is a town in the Mopti Region of Mali. It is a crossroads town of about 40,000 situated about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Mopti and 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Fatoma, the old capital of Kunaari. From Sévaré one can access Bandiagara to the east, Gao and Timbuktu to the north, Segou and Bamako to the southwest and Burkina Faso to the south.

Mopti Airport is near Sévaré, which lies within the boundaries of Mopti Commune.

Said to have been founded by a Fula hunter, Se Waware, its importance began to grow with the construction of roads and the dike to Mopti under French colonial rule.
Mont d'Or (Jura Mountains)
Mont d'Or (French: Le Mont d'Or) is a mountain of the Jura, located in the French department of Doubs and extending into the Swiss canton of Vaud. Its main summit is 1,463 metre-high and lies within France, 500 metres north of the border with Switzerland (1,380 m). The mountain is located between Jougne, France and Vallorbe, Switzerland.

Mont d'Or is notable for its limestone cirque on the east side. Near the highest point of the Swiss border is the Cabane du Mont d'Or, a mountain hut owned by the Swiss Alpine Club. In winter, Mont d'Or also includes a ski area within France. Several ski lifts are located on both west and east sides of the mountain.

Jura Mountains
The Jura Mountains (/ˈdʒʊərə, ˈʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə) are a sub-alpine mountain range, a short distance north of the Western Alps, and mainly demarcate a long part of the French–Swiss border. While the Jura range proper ("folded Jura", Faltenjura) is located in France and Switzerland, the range continues northeastwards through northern Switzerland and Germany as the Table Jura ("not folded Jura", Tafeljura), which is crossed by the High Rhine.
Bay Terraces, San Diego
Bay Terraces is a hilly urban neighborhood in the southeastern part of San Diego, California, United States. A composite of North Bay Terrace and South Bay Terrace, it is bordered by Skyline to the north, Paradise Hills to the southwest, Alta Vista, South Encanto and National City to the west. The southern end of the neighborhood is bordered by State Route 54 and Bonita. The neighborhood generally includes the ZIP Codes 92114 and 92139 and as such, parts of the area have often been incorrectly referred to as either "Paradise Hills" (adjacent to South Bay Terrace) or "Skyline Hills" (adjacent to North Bay Terrace) due to its proximity and overlapping ZIP Codes. Nevertheless, Bay Terraces is the largest neighborhood in the Skyline-Paradise Hills Community Planning Area.

National City, California
National City is a city in the South Bay region of southwestern San Diego County, California, United States. The population was 56,173 at the 2020 United States census, down from 58,582 at the 2010 census. National City is the second-oldest city in San Diego County, having been incorporated in 1887.
Oituz
Oituz (formerly Grozești; Hungarian: Gorzafalva) is a commune in Bacău County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Călcâi (Zöldlonka), Ferestrău-Oituz (Fűrészfalva), Hârja (Herzsa), Marginea, Oituz, and Poiana Sărată (Sósmező).

Oituz was the site of three battles during the First World War: the First, Second, and the Third Battle of Oituz.

According to Iorgu Iordan, the commune's name is of Turkic origin; otuz or oltuz means "thirty" in some Turkic languages.

Poiana Sărată village is part of Transylvania; in Austria-Hungary, it belonged to Háromszék County, and after a reorganization to Trei Scaune County in Romania until 1950.

Háromszék County
Háromszék (Three Seats; Romanian: Trei Scaune) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Situated in south-eastern Transylvania, its territory is now in central Romania (in the counties of Covasna and Brașov. The capital of the county was Sepsiszentgyörgy (now Sfântu Gheorghe).
Gamtel FC
Gamtel Football Club is a Gambian football club based in Banjul and sponsored by Gamtel. They play in the top division in Gambian football, the Gambian Championnat National D1.

1 June 2015, Gamtel FC are champs for the first time.

In October 2023, Gamtel FC was sold to Senegalese football mogul Youssou Faal for 1.5 million dalasi and changed to Serekunda Football Club.

Banjul
Banjul (UK: /bænˈdʒuːl/, US: /ˈbɑːndʒuːl/), officially the City of Banjul, is the capital city of The Gambia. The city of Banjul is located on St Mary's Island (Banjul Island), which is in the Gambia River where it enters the Atlantic Ocean.

The population of the city proper is 26,461, with the Greater Banjul Area, which includes the City of Banjul and the Kanifing municipality, at a population of 405,809 (2024 census). The island is connected to the mainland to the west and the rest of Greater Banjul Area via bridges. There are also ferries linking Banjul to the mainland at the other side of the river.

From the 19th century until 24 April 1973, the city was known as Bathurst.
Lands administrative divisions of Tasmania
The lands administrative divisions of Tasmania are the divisions of Tasmania into land districts and parishes for cadastral purposes, which are part of the lands administrative divisions of Australia. There are 20 land districts in Tasmania, although in the early nineteenth century there were several other systems, with 18 or 36 counties and 9 other divisions used, as well as hundreds. The land districts include the 18 former counties of the island of Tasmania which were renamed but retain the same boundaries, plus King Island and Flinders Island. The counties are referenced in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, with Hobart described as being in Buckingham County, Launceston in Cornwall County and Beaconsfield in Devon County. The land districts are used for land titles today, while the Local Government Areas of Tasmania with cities and municipalities are used for political and administrative purposes.

Beaconsfield, Tasmania
Beaconsfield /ˈbiːkənzfiːld/ is a former gold mining town near the Tamar River, in the north-east of Tasmania, Australia.  It lies 40 kilometres north of Launceston on the West Tamar Highway. It is a rural and residential locality in the local government areas (LGA) of West Tamar and Latrobe in the Launceston and North-west and west LGA regions of Tasmania. The 2016 census has a population of 1298 for the state suburb of Beaconsfield.
Bert Yarnall
Herbert George Yarnall (1892–1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward in the Scottish League for Airdrieonians, Clydebank and Dumbarton. He was the top scorer in the Scottish League Division One during the 1916–17 season, with 39 goals. Yarnall also played in the Football League for Blackpool and Reading.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Biological rhythm
Biological rhythms are repetitive biological processes. Some types of biological rhythms have been described as biological clocks. They can range in frequency from microseconds to less than one repetitive event per decade. Biological rhythms are studied by chronobiology. In the biochemical context biological rhythms are called biochemical oscillations.

The variations of the timing and duration of biological activity in living organisms occur for many essential biological processes. These occur (a) in animals (eating, sleeping, mating, hibernating, migration, cellular regeneration, etc.), (b) in plants (leaf movements, photosynthetic reactions, etc.), and in microbial organisms such as fungi and protozoa. They have even been found in bacteria, especially among the cyanobacteria (aka blue-green algae, see bacterial circadian rhythms).

Bacterial circadian rhythm
Bacterial circadian rhythms, like other circadian rhythms, are endogenous "biological clocks" that have the following three characteristics:

(a) in constant conditions (i.e. constant temperature and either constant light {LL} or constant darkness {DD}) they oscillate with a period that is close to, but not exactly, 24 hours in duration,

(b) this "free-running" rhythm is temperature compensated, and

(c) the rhythm will entrain to an appropriate environmental cycle.

Until the mid-1980s, it was thought that only eukaryotic cells had circadian rhythms. It is now known that cyanobacteria (a phylum of photosynthetic eubacteria) have well-documented circadian rhythms that meet all the criteria of bona fide circadian rhythms. In these bacteria, three key proteins whose structures have been determined, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC can form a molecular clockwork that orchestrates global gene expression. This system enhances the fitness of cyanobacteria in rhythmic environments.
WLJV
WLJV (89.5 MHz) is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Spotsylvania, Virginia, serving the City of Fredericksburg along with Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties in Virginia. WLJV is owned by Educational Media Foundation, and broadcasts the Christian contemporary music radio format from the co-owned K-Love Network.

Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Spotsylvania County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is a part of the Northern Virginia region. As of 2024, Spotsylvania County is the 14th most populated county in Virginia with 149,588 residents. Its county seat is Spotsylvania Courthouse.

Located along the Rappahannock River bordering the City of Fredericksburg and Stafford County, Spotsylvania County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Since 2010, the population has increased by 19.3%; for comparison, Virginia's population has only increased 7.7% in that time period. Spotsylvania County is currently the 74th highest-income county in America.
Marcus Considius Nonianus
Marcus Considius Nonianus was a praetor in the late Roman Republic, holding the office around 55–50 BC. In 49 BC, as civil war was breaking out, the senate assigned him as propraetor to succeed Julius Caesar in the province of Cisalpine Gaul. He served in Campania.

A denarius, notable for its unique depiction of Venus Erycina, was minted by his contemporary C. Considius Longus (or Paetus) but is sometimes misattributed to him.

Gaius Considius Longus
Gaius Considius Longus (died 46 BC) was a Roman politician and general in the last years of the Roman Republic.  As a commander in Africa, he fought on the Pompeian side during Caesar's Civil War and was killed by his own retinue in 46 BC as he attempted to escape after Julius Caesar's victory at Thapsus.
Rense
Rense is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Rense (1917—1990), American sports journalist

Jeff Rense, American conspiracy theorist and radio talk-show host

Paige Rense (1929–2021), American magazine editor, wife of Arthur Rense

Rip Rense (born 1954), American music and film journalist and music producer

Paige Rense
Paige Rense, also known as Paige Rense Noland (May 4, 1929 – January 1, 2021) was an American writer and editor who served as editor-in-chief of Architectural Digest magazine from 1975 until 2010. She founded the Arthur Rense Prize poetry award. Rense also transformed the cooking magazine Bon Appétit into its modern format, was editor-in-chief of GEO, and wrote a mystery novel, Manor House (Doubleday, 1997).
Rob Geringer
Rob Geringer is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the Wyoming House of Representatives for the 42nd district. He graduated from Wheatland High School in Wheatland, Wyoming, in 1991. He graduated from the University of Wyoming with a bachelor's in civil engineering in 1995, and from the University of Colorado with a master's in engineering in 2000. Geringer is a business owner and a former board member of the Cheyenne Housing Authority. He is a Christian.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Small nucleolar RNA Z278
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z278 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA Z278 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Plant snoRNA Z278 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.

Oryza sativa belongs to the genus Oryza and the BOP clade in the grass family Poaceae. With a genome consisting of 430 Mbp across 12 chromosomes, it is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for the study of the biology of cereals and monocots.
Peter De Wint
Peter De Wint (21 January 1784 – 30 January 1849) was a prolific English painter, mostly in landscape painting in oils and watercolour. A number of his pictures are in Tate Britain, the Victoria and Albert Museum and The Collection, Lincoln. He died in London.

Royal Watercolour Society
The Royal Watercolour Society is a British institution of painters working in watercolours. The Society is a centre of excellence for water-based media on paper, which allows for a diverse and interesting range of approaches to the medium of watercolour. Its members, or associates, use the post-nominal initials RWS and ARWS (associate member). They are elected by the membership, with typically half a dozen new associates joining the Society each year.
Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu (soundtrack)
Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu is the soundtrack of the 2012 political action film of the same name directed by Puri Jagannadh starring Pawan Kalyan, Tamannaah Bhatia, Prakash Raj, and Kota Srinivasa Rao in the lead roles. The soundtrack is composed by Mani Sharma who marks his fourth collaboration with Jagannath and Kalyan. All lyrics were penned by Bhaskarabhatla Ravikumar while Hemachandra, Karunya, Geetha Madhuri, Sravana Bhargavi, Chaitra, Khushi Murali, Narendra and Sri Krishna crooned for the film for 6 tracks which also included a special song named "Power Song" composed, written and crooned by rapper Baba Sehgal as a tribute to Kalyan. The audio was released through Aditya Music Label directly into the stores on 2 October 2012. The audio received positive response.

Kota Srinivasa Rao
Kota Srinivasa Rao (10 July 1942 – 13 July 2025) was an Indian actor and politician. Known for his work primarily in Telugu cinema and theatre, he also starred in a few films in Tamil, Hindi, Kannada and Malayalam. As a politician, Rao has served as the MLA from Vijayawada East in Andhra Pradesh, India from 1999 to 2004. He made his debut with the Telugu film Pranam Khareedu in 1978. He starred in over 750 feature films. He won nine state Nandi Awards in various categories of villain, character actor, and supporting actor. In 2012, he garnered the SIIMA Award for his work in Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum. In 2015, he was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour, for his contribution to Indian cinema. Rao's last film appearance was Hari Hara Veera Mallu, which was released in 2025.
Dolliver
Dolliver can refer to:

Dolliver, Iowa

Dolliver Nelson (1932–2016), Grenadian jurist

James Dolliver (disambiguation), multiple people

Jonathan P. Dolliver (1858–1910), American politician and orator

Jonathan P. Dolliver
Jonathan Prentiss Dolliver (February 6, 1858 – October 15, 1910) was a Republican orator, U.S. representative, then U.S. senator from Iowa at the turn of the 20th century. In 1900 and 1908 Republican National Conventions, he was promoted as a vice-presidential candidate, but he was never chosen.
Question paper leaks in Bangladesh
According to the government of Bangladesh, the first question paper leak from any public examination happened in 1979, during the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) examination period.  However, leaks have become more frequent since 2014. Question papers of other public examinations such as the Primary School Certificate (PSC), Junior School Certificate (JSC), Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) have been leaked in a regular basis.  There have also been multiple university and medical entrance exam question paper leaks.

Syed Abul Maksud
Syed Abul Maksud (23 October 1946 – 23 February 2021) was a Bangladeshi journalist, columnist, research scholar, essayist, and writer. He was acclaimed for his critical and research work. He was a regular contributor to the Daily Prothom Alo. The Bangla Dictionary of Writers stats that his essays on literature, society, culture and politics are much appreciated for his clear view, lucid language and simple style. He carried out substantive research works on "the lives of famous litterateurs such as Rabindranath Tagore, Buddhadeva Bose", Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Syed Waliullah  etc. His Journal of Germany is a popular travel book. In 1995, he was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award by Bangla Academy for his contributions to Bengali Literature.