hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schiller layers
Schiller layers, also known as the iridescent layers, are a series of layers formed by sedimenting particles separated by approximately equal distances of the order of the wavelength of light. This gives rise to strong colors when observed in reflected light and the system is said to form iridescent layers or "Schiller layers".

Particle
In the physical sciences, a particle (or corpuscle in older texts) is a small localized object which can be described by several physical or chemical properties, such as volume, density, or mass. They vary greatly in size or quantity, from subatomic particles like the electron, to microscopic particles like atoms and molecules, to macroscopic particles like powders and other granular materials. Particles can also be used to create scientific models of even larger objects depending on their density, such as humans moving in a crowd or celestial bodies in motion.

The term particle is rather general in meaning, and is refined as needed by various scientific fields. Anything that is composed of particles may be referred to as being particulate. However, the noun particulate is most frequently used to refer to pollutants in the Earth's atmosphere, which are a suspension of unconnected particles, rather than a connected particle aggregation.
Stanley Gbagbeke
Stanley Gbagbeke (born 24 July 1989 in Oginibo, Delta State) is a Nigerian long jumper. He competed in the long jump event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Gbagbeke was an All-American jumper for the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders track and field team, finishing runner-up in the long jump at the 2009 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and 2010 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

2009 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2009 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested at the 88th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team champions of men's and women's Division I collegiate outdoor track and field in the United States.

This year's meet, the 28th with both men's and women's championships, was held June 10–13, 2009 at John McDonnell Field at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Texas A&M won both the men's and women's titles, the Aggies' first at either event.
KV13
Tomb KV13, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was cut and decorated for the burial of the noble Bay of the Nineteenth Dynasty. An ostraca published in the French Egyptological journal BIFAO in 2000 records that Chancellor Bay was executed by pharaoh Siptah. Consequently, Bay was never buried in his tomb. Moreover, no funerary goods were found in the tomb belonging to Bay. It was later reused by two princes of the Twentieth Dynasty, Mentuherkhepsef, a son of Ramesses III, and his nephew, Amenherkhepshef, a son of Ramesses VI.

Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
The Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale is an academic journal covering the study of Egyptology. Articles cover a range of disciplines, including history, art history, archaeology, philology and religion, from the prehistoric period to the end of the Byzantine period in Egypt. Although primarily a French publication, articles written in English and German are also accepted.

The journal has been published annually by the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale since 1901.

The institute's official website provides an online index of articles and open access to every article from Vol. 1 (1901) to present.
Ohio Junior Blue Jackets
The Ohio Junior Blue Jackets were a Tier 1 junior ice hockey team playing in the East Division of the United States Hockey League (USHL). The 2006-07 USHL media guide (p. 37) lists the Ohio Junior Blue Jackets as the successor to the Thunder Bay Flyers, who played their last USHL game in 2000; however, the team infrastructure was based upon a move of the Cleveland Junior Barons of the NAHL. The Junior Blue Jackets' home ice was at Nationwide Arena, which is also home to the National Hockey League team Columbus Blue Jackets.

United States Hockey League
The United States Hockey League (USHL) is the top junior ice hockey league sanctioned by USA Hockey. The league consists of 16 active teams located in the Midwestern United States and Great Plains, for players between the ages of 16 and 21. The USHL is strictly amateur, allowing former players to compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college hockey.

The Lincoln Stars won the Anderson Cup as the 2024–25 regular season champions. The Muskegon Lumberjacks won the 2025 Clark Cup playoff championship, their first in franchise history.
Nonyma
Nonyma is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

subgenus Myonomoides

Nonyma allardi Breuning, 1972

Nonyma grisescens Breuning, 1969

Nonyma mirei Breuning, 1977

Nonyma strandiella Breuning, 1940

subgenus Nonyma

Nonyma apicespinosa Breuning, 1940

Nonyma bergeri Breuning, 1975

Nonyma congoensis (Breuning, 1948)

Nonyma egregia Pascoe, 1864

Nonyma glabricollis Breuning, 1969

Nonyma glabrifrons Kolbe, 1894

Nonyma insularis Báguena & Breuning, 1958

Nonyma leleupi Breuning, 1956

Nonyma lepesmei Breuning, 1957

Nonyma mediofusca Breuning, 1940

Nonyma nigeriae Breuning, 1978

Nonyma strigata (Pascoe, 1864)

Nonyma subinermicollis Breuning, 1981

Nonyma uluguruensis Breuning, 1975

Nonyma unicolor Breuning, 1961

Nonyma variegata Breuning, 1940

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
1924 Stanley Cup playoffs
The 1924 Stanley Cup playoffs was an ice hockey tournament held at the conclusion of the 1923–24 season. It was the third and final year that the National Hockey League (NHL) champions, the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champions, and the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) champions competed for the Stanley Cup (the PCHA and the WCHL would later merge after the season). The playoffs began on March 18, 1924, and concluded on March 25 when the NHL champion Montreal Canadiens defeated the WCHL champion Calgary Tigers in the final series, two games to zero.

Western Canada Hockey League
The Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL), founded in 1921, was a major professional ice hockey league originally based in the prairies of Canada. It was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL) in 1925 and disbanded in 1926.

The WCHL's Victoria Cougars were the last non-NHL team to win the Stanley Cup when they won the 1925 Stanley Cup Finals over the NHL's Montreal Canadiens.
Jorge Amado
Jorge Leal Amado de Faria (/ˈʒɔːrʒi/ ZHOR-zhee; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʒɔʁʒi aˈmadu]; 10 August 1912 – 6 August 2001), known as Jorge Amado, was a Brazilian writer of the modernist school. He remains the best-known of modern Brazilian writers, with his work having been translated into some 49 languages and popularized in film, including Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands in 1976, and having been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature at least seven times. His work reflects the image of a Mestiço Brazil and is marked by religious syncretism. He depicted a cheerful and optimistic country that was beset, at the same time, with deep social and economic differences.

He occupied the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1961 until his death in 2001. He won the 1984 International Nonino Prize in Italy. He also was Federal Deputy for São Paulo as a member of the Brazilian Communist Party between 1947 and 1951.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Vineet McCarty
Vice Admiral Vineet McCarty, AVSM is a serving Flag officer in the Indian Navy. He currently serves as the Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Policy Planning & Force Development). He earlier served as the Controller Personnel Services, as the Commandant of Indian Naval Academy and as the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet.

Integrated Defence Staff
The Integrated Defence Staff (IDS) is an organisation responsible for fostering coordination and enabling prioritisation across the different branches of the Indian Armed Forces. It is composed of representatives from the Indian Army, Indian Navy, Indian Air Force, Ministry of External Affairs, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Finance. The IDS is headed by Chief of Integrated Defence Staff along with Deputy Chiefs of Integrated Defence Staff. On December 24, 2019, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) established the post of Chief of Defence Staff, a four-star general, a tri-service Chief, that shall lead the defence forces as well as play the role of head of the Department of Military Affairs. The body advises and assists the Chief of Defence Staff.
Roman Adamczyk
Roman Adamczyk (4 April 1925 – 19 October 1988) was a Polish footballer who played as a midfielder. During World War Two Adamczyk was involved with the Polish resistance, for which he was awarded the Partisan Cross after the wars conclusion. After the war, Adamczyk moved to Gdańsk and started playing football with Płomień Nowy Port, spending a short time with the club before joining Gedania Gdańsk for 4 years. In 1949 Adamczyk is documented to have joined Lechia Gdańsk, playing for the club in the league in both 1949 and 1950. He made one appearance for the club in the I liga. His only appearance in the top flight of Polish football came on 10 April 1949 in a 3–0 defeat to Polonia Warsaw with his only other appearance, also being a defeat, coming against Pomeranian Toruń. After his stint with Lechia he spent two seasons with AZS Gdańsk before he stopped playing football. His brother, Zygmunt Adamczyk, also played with Adamczyk for Płomień Nowy Port, Gedania Gdańsk, and Lechia Gdańsk.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
Skirmish at Cedar Creek
The Skirmish at Cedar Creek, also known as Camp Mooney or McGirt's Creek, was a small engagement of the American Civil War fought in present-day Jacksonville, Florida on March 1, 1864. It was fought between a small Confederate States Army outpost and the 40th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry of the Union Army, and resulted in 35 casualties. It was the last engagement in the Olustee Campaign.

40th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 40th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was a three-year infantry regiment of the Union Army that served in the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, the Army of the Potomac, and the Department of the South during the American Civil War.
Nilaave Vaa
Nilaave Vaa (transl. Oh moon, come to me) is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by A. Venkatesh and produced by K. T. Kunjumon. The film stars Vijay and Suvalakshmi in the lead roles, while Sanghavi, Raghuvaran and Manivannan play other supporting roles. The film was released on 14 August 1998 and was a decent hit at the box office.

Manivannan
Manivannan  (31 July 1953 – 15 June 2013) was an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, voice artist, playback singer and social activist who worked in Tamil cinema. In a career spanning three decades, he went from being a story and dialogue writer for director Bharathiraja from 1980–82 to a successful director who thrived in experimenting with different genres, before becoming an actor. With over 400 films to his name, Manivannan was one of the most experienced actors in the field and directed exactly 50 films. Manivannan was mainly a supporting actor in films and often played the comedian, supporting character and villainous roles.

He supported various political parties, including the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, both active in the state of Tamil Nadu. He later became affiliated with the Naam Tamilar Katchi. He had also long been a supporter of Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism.
Subcutaneous tissue
The subcutaneous tissue (from Latin  subcutaneous 'beneath the skin'), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek 'beneath the skin'), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the layer are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The subcutaneous tissue is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the mesoderm's dermatome region. It consists primarily of loose connective tissue and contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis. It is a major site of fat storage in the body.

In arthropods, a hypodermis can refer to an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants.

Cuticle
A cuticle (/ˈkjuːtɪkəl/), or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Various types of "cuticle" are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure, function, and chemical composition.
Peripheral vascular examination
A peripheral vascular examination is a medical examination to discover signs of pathology in the peripheral vascular system. It is performed as part of a physical examination, or when a patient presents with leg pain suggestive of a cardiovascular pathology, typically peripheral artery disease.

The exam includes several parts: Position/lighting/draping, Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation, and Special maneuvers.

Peripheral vascular system
The peripheral vascular system is the part of the circulatory system that consists of the veins and arteries not in the chest or abdomen (i.e. in the arms, hands, legs and feet). The peripheral arteries supply oxygenated blood to the body, and the peripheral veins lead deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the extremities back to the heart.

Peripheral veins are the most common intravenous access method in both hospitals and paramedic services for a peripheral intravenous (IV) line for intravenous therapy.

In some cases blockages in the peripheral arteries may be treated with catheterization and balloon dilatation instead of surgery.
Banka district
Banka district (/ˈbɑːŋkə/) is a district in the southeastern region of the Indian state of Bihar. It is a part of Bhagalpur division. The district headquarters of Banka is situated in Banka town. The district was established on 21 February 1991.

Giridhari Yadav
Giridhari Yadav (born 14 April 1961) is an Indian politician, Member of Parliament (Loksabha) and member of Janata Dal (United) political party. He represents Banka Lok Sabha Constituency, Bihar.

Yadav has been elected four times into the Lok sabha and four times in Bihar Legislative Assembly. He was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly and 11th lok Sabha with Janata Dal, while he was in RJD he was elected to Bihar Vidhan Sabha and 14th Lok sabha. Yadav joined JD(U) in 2010 and has been elected twice to Bihar Vidhan Sabha with JDU(U) and 17th Lok Sabha.

In 2024 Indian General Election, he won for a fourth time as an MP (Loksabha) with JD(U) from the Banka.
KSFR
KSFR (101.1 FM) is a broadcast radio station licensed to White Rock, New Mexico, and serving the Santa Fe area. KSFR is Santa Fe's public–community radio station. It is owned by Santa Fe Community College, and managed by the 501(c)(3) non-profit Northern New Mexico Radio Foundation.

The station features a wide variety of locally-produced music, news and talk shows, as well as programming from the BBC World Service, Democracy Now!, and other national programs. KSFR's news team won the Associated Press' "New Mexico Station of the Year" award in 2004, 2005, and 2006. In 2015, the New Mexico Broadcasters Association named KSFR "Best Radio Station" in a large market.

The station originally broadcast at 90.7 FM. In July 2007, KSFR moved to 101.1 FM, becoming one of a handful of public radio stations nationally whose frequency is outside of the assigned spectrum for non-commercial stations (88-91 FM).

White Rock, New Mexico
White Rock is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Los Alamos County, New Mexico. It is one of two major population centers in the county; the other is Los Alamos (the county seat). The population was 5,725 at the 2010 census. It is largely a bedroom community for employees of Los Alamos National Laboratory and their families. Access to White Rock from the town of Los Alamos and other cities and towns in New Mexico is via New Mexico State Road 4, which forms the northwestern boundary of the community. Administratively, White Rock is a neighborhood of Los Alamos; locals refer to Los Alamos (meaning not White Rock) as "the Townsite," or "the Hill". In 2024, White Rock was named "Happiest Small Town in America".
Gilbert Chartrand
Gilbert Chartrand (born 3 November 1954) was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a businessman and trader by career.

Born  in Verdun, Quebec, Chartrand represented the Quebec riding of Verdun—Saint-Paul where he was first elected in the 1984 federal election and re-elected in 1988, therefore becoming a member in the 33rd and 34th Canadian Parliaments.

On 22 May 1990, he left the Progressive Conservative party and sat for a time as an independent member. On 20 December that year, he became a founding member of the Bloc Québécois. Chartrand returned to the Progressive Conservatives on 9 April 1991, completed his second term in Parliament before leaving federal politics.

In April 2005, Chartrand and his wife, Carole Lambert, were found guilty of defrauding their boss, Swiss businessman Seymour Jacobson. They were convicted of fraud and conspiracy and sentenced to 18-month prison terms. (La Presse)

33rd Canadian Parliament
The 33rd Canadian Parliament was in session from November 5, 1984, until October 1, 1988.  The membership was set by the 1984 federal election on September 4, 1984, and it only changed slightly due to resignations and by-elections prior to being dissolved before the 1988 election.

It was controlled by a Progressive Conservative majority under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the 24th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by former prime minister John Turner.

The Speaker was first John William Bosley and then John Allen Fraser.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1976-1987 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were two sessions of the 33rd Parliament:
1992–93 FIS Nordic Combined World Cup
The 1992/93 FIS Nordic Combined World Cup was the 10th world cup season, a combination of ski jumping and cross-country skiing organized by FIS. It started on 5 Dec 1992 in Vuokatti, Finland and ended on 20 March 1993 in Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia.

Štrbské Pleso
Štrbské Pleso (pronunciationⓘ, German: Tschirmer See; Hungarian: Csorbató or Csorba-tó; Polish: Szczyrbskie Jezioro) is a ski, tourist, and health resort in the High Tatras, Slovakia located on the lake by the same name. With extensive parking facilities and a stop on the Tatra trolley and rack railway, it is a starting point for a host of popular hikes including to Kriváň and Rysy.
2021 Swiss Open (badminton)
The 2021 Swiss Open (officially known as the Yonex Swiss Open 2021, after its sponsor) was a badminton tournament in St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland, from 2 to 7 March 2021. It had a purse of $140,000.

Selena Piek
Selena Piek (born 30 September 1991) is a Dutch badminton player who specializes in doubles. She won the gold medals at the European Games in 2019 in the women's doubles, and in 2023 in the mixed doubles. She was part of the Badminton Europe Athletes' Commission from 2016 to 2020.

Since joining the national team when she was 15, Piek has shown her talent in playing doubles. She won gold in the mixed doubles and silver medal in the girls' doubles at the 2009 European Junior Championships. She reached a career high of world number 7 in the women's doubles with Eefje Muskens and number 8 in the mixed doubles with Robin Tabeling. She participated in two events, mixed and women's doubles at two Olympic Games in 2016 in Rio de Janeiro and 2020 in Tokyo, where she reached the quarter-finals in 2016 with Muskens and in 2020 with Cheryl Seinen. She also participated at the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics in the mixed doubles event with Robin Tabeling.
Bloodgate
Bloodgate was a rugby union scandal involving English team Harlequins in their Heineken Cup quarter-final against Irish side Leinster on 12 April 2009. Harlequins wing Tom Williams feigned an injury using a fake blood capsule in order for Harlequins to make another substitution late in the game.

The incident resulted in bans for Williams, director of rugby Dean Richards and physiotherapist Steph Brennan, as well as a fine for the club. It has been described as "rugby's biggest scandal".

Theatrical blood
Theatrical blood, stage blood or fake blood is anything used as a substitute for blood in a theatrical or cinematic performance. For example, in the special effects industry, when a director needs to simulate an actor being shot or cut, a wide variety of chemicals and natural products can be used. The most common is red food coloring, often inside small balloons coupled with explosive devices called squibs.
News Shopper
The News Shopper titles are local newspapers published in South East London and North West Kent by Newsquest.

There are five local editions: Bexley Borough, Bexley & North Kent, Bromley, Dartford & Gravesend, and Lewisham & Greenwich.

Gravesend
Gravesend /ˌɡreɪvzˈɛnd/ is a town in northwest Kent, England, situated 21 miles (35 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross (central London) on the south bank of the River Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. Located in the Diocese of Rochester, it is the administrative centre of the borough of Gravesham. Gravesend marks the eastern limit of the Greater London Built-up Area, as defined by the UK Office for National Statistics. It had a population of 58,102 in 2021.

Its geographical situation has given Gravesend strategic importance throughout the maritime and communications history of South East England. A Thames Gateway commuter town, it retains strong links with the River Thames, not least through the Port of London Authority Pilot Station, and has witnessed rejuvenation since the advent of High Speed 1 rail services via Gravesend railway station. The station was recently refurbished and has a new bridge.
Valletti
Valletti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aldo Valletti (1930–1992), Italian film actor

Cesare Valletti (1922–2000), Italian operatic tenor

Tommaso Valletti, Italian economist

Tommaso Valletti
Tommaso M. Valletti is Professor of Economics at Imperial College Business School, and also Professor of Economics at the University of Rome Tor Vergata (Italy). He is a Fellow of CEPR. He is a Non-Executive Director to the board of the UK's Payment Systems Regulator.

He was the Chief Competition Economist of the European Commission's Directorate-General for Competition (DG COMP) in Brussels between September 2016 and August 2019. He was a Non-Executive Director to the board of the Financial Conduct Authority in London between 2019 and 2022.

In the period 2010-2012 he held the chair in “Innovation and Regulation of Digital Services” at Telecom ParisTech and Ecole Polytechnique in Paris.

Valletti ranks among the top 2% of economists registered on IDEAS/RePEc.