hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edgar Gifford, 4th Baron Gifford
Edgar Berkeley Gifford, 4th Baron Gifford (8 March 1857 – 29 January 1937), was a British peer.

He was the son of Robert Gifford, 2nd Baron Gifford, and Hon. Swinburne Frederica Charlotte FitzHardinge Berkeley, daughter of Admiral Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge. He was educated at Lancing and was a Lieutenant in the South Gloucestershire Militia. He succeeded in the barony on 5 June 1911.

He married Anne Maud Aitchison, daughter of Lt.-Col. William Aitchison, 5 June 1918 and had issue:

Hon. Serena Mary Gifford (born 30 September 1919).

He died on 29 January 1937 at age 79, without male issue, and was succeeded in the barony by his nephew.

Royal South Gloucestershire Light Infantry Militia
The Royal South Gloucestershire Light Infantry (RSGLI), later the 3rd Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment was a Militia regiment raised in the county of Gloucestershire in the West of England. From its formal creation in 1759 the regiment served in home defence in all of Britain's major wars until 1918.
Garlenda
Garlenda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Savona.

It bordered to the north by the municipality of Villanova d'Albenga, on the south by Stellanello Andora and, to the west with Casanova Lerrone and east Villanova d'Albenga .

Province of Savona
The province of Savona (Italian: provincia di Savona; Ligurian: provinsa de Sann-a) is a province in the Liguria region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Savona. The province has a total population of 279,754.
Putot-en-Auge
Putot-en-Auge (French pronunciation: [pyto ɑ̃.n‿oʒ] ⓘ, literally Putot in Auge) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

On the hill to the east of Putot a vicious battle was fought on 19 August 1944. The Allied casualties lie in the small churchyard of Putot-en-Auge.

The village features heavily in the book "13 - Lucky For Some" which is about the history of the 13th (Lancashire) Parachute Battalion. There are many then and now photographs as well as maps and diagrams of battles that took place in the region.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
Len Thornson
Len Thornson (February 4, 1933 – December 12, 2021) was a Canadian ice hockey centre.

Born  in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Thornson spent his entire professional hockey career in the International Hockey League, mostly with the Fort Wayne Komets. He also spent part of one season (1956–57) with the Indianapolis Chiefs and the Huntington Hornets. He is the IHL's all-time leading scorer with 1,252 career points.

Thornson died December 12, 2021, at the age of 88.

Manitoba Junior Hockey League
The Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL) is a Junior 'A' ice hockey league operating in the Canadian province of Manitoba and one of nine member leagues of the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL).

The MJHL consists of thirteen teams all based within the province of Manitoba, eight of which qualify for each year's playoffs.  The playoff champion is awarded the Turnbull Cup, the Junior 'A' championship trophy for the province of Manitoba.  The winner of the MJHL playoffs (Turnbull Cup) earns a berth in the national championship, the Centennial Cup.
Sacabamba
Sacabamba (Quechua: Saqapampa) is a town in the Cochabamba Department in central Bolivia. It is the capital of Sacabamba Municipality, the fourth municipal section of Esteban Arce Province. At the time of census 2001 it had a population of 636.

The jawless fish Sacabambaspis, discovered in the nearby Anzaldo Formation, was named after this town, which in recent years has become a source of memes and fanarts after a viral tweet from August 2022 about a poorly reconstructed model of the creature from the Natural History Museum of Helsinki in Finland.

Esteban Arze Province
Esteban Arze (Quechua: T'arata) is a province in Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Tarata.

Many people from the Esteban Arze province (Tarata and Arbieto) have migrated abroad, mainly to Argentina and to the Washington DC area (Arlington county, Fairfax county, and Alexandria Virginia, and Montgomery County Maryland).
Sausage sandwich
A sausage sandwich is a sandwich containing cooked sausage. It may consist of an oblong bread roll such as a baguette or ciabatta roll, and sliced or whole links of sausage, such as hot or sweet Italian sausage, Polish sausage, German sausage (knackwurst, weisswurst, bratwurst, bockwurst), North African merguez, andouille or chorizo. Popular toppings include mustard, brown sauce, ketchup, barbecue sauce, steak sauce, peppers, onions, sauerkraut, chili, and salsa.

Steak sauce
Steak sauce is a tangy sauce commonly served as a condiment for beef in the United States. Two of its major producers are British companies, and the sauce is similar to the "brown sauce" of British cuisine.
Algatocín
Algatocín is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 143 kilometres (89 mi) from Málaga and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Ronda. It is located in the west of the province in the Valle del Genal, being one of the towns that make up the comarca of the Serrania de Ronda.  It is situated at an altitude of 725 metres (2,379 ft). The town has a population of approximately 900 residents, over a surface area of 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi), for a population density of 47 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sq mi).

Comarcas of Spain
In Spain, a  comarca (Spanish: [koˈmaɾka] ⓘ) 
is a traditional informal territorial division, comprising several municipalities sharing geographical, economic or cultural traits, typically with not well defined limits. Modernly, they have been formally defined for all the autonomous communities of Spain, as territorial entities intermediate between the municipality and the province, although their status ranges from official and with administrative functions (providing common local government services) in some communities, to unofficial and based on mere preliminary studies in other communities.

In English, a comarca is equivalent to an area, county, district, or zone.
Al Weisbecker
Al Weisbecker (March 29, 1931 – May 22, 2017) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Dakota State University in Madison, South Dakota in 1984 and at Black Hills State University in Spearfish, South Dakota from 1986 to 1989, compiling a career college football coaching record of 16–28.

Black Hills State University
Black Hills State University (BHSU) is a public university in Spearfish, South Dakota, United States.  Close to 4,000 students attend classes at its 123-acre (50 ha) campus in Spearfish, with a satellite campus in Rapid City which is shared with South Dakota State University, and through distance offerings. BHSU is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents.
Stoke-on-Trent Green Belt
The Stoke-on-Trent Green Belt is a green belt environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space throughout mainly the West Midlands region of England. It is contained within the counties of Cheshire and Staffordshire. Essentially, the function of the designated area is to prevent surrounding towns and villages within the Stoke-on-Trent conurbation from further convergence. It is managed by local planning authorities on guidance from central government.

Environmental policy
Environmental policy is the pledge by governments or organizations to adopt laws, regulations, and other policy tools aimed at addressing environmental issues. These typically involve air and water pollution, waste management, ecosystem protection, biodiversity conservation, management of natural resources, and safeguarding wildlife and endangered species
For example, concerning environmental policy, the implementation of an eco-energy-oriented policy at a global level to address the issue of climate change could be addressed.

Policies concerning energy or regulation of toxic substances including pesticides and many types of industrial waste are part of the topic of environmental policy. This policy can be deliberately taken to influence human activities and thereby prevent undesirable effects on the biophysical environment and natural resources, as well as to make sure that changes in the environment do not have unacceptable effects on humans.
Einar Jørum
Einar Jørum  (16 June 1924 – 10 September 1997) was a Norwegian football player and leader.

He was born in Åsen. He played for the clubs Rosenborg BK, Vålerenga Fotball, Bodø/Glimt and Bardufoss during his active career from 1945 to 1959. He served as president of the Football Association of Norway from 1970 to 1980.

Vålerenga Fotball
Vålerenga Fotball (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɽɛŋɑ] ⓘ) is a Norwegian professional football club from Oslo, and a part of the multi-sport club Vålerengens IF. The club currently competes in the Eliteserien after being promoted from the Norwegian First Division in 2024. Founded in 1913, the club is named after the neighbourhood of Vålerenga. Vålerenga's home ground is Intility Arena, located in Valle-Hovin. Vålerenga are five-time league champions and four-time Norwegian Football Cup champions, having last won the league in 2005 and the cup in 2008. Vålerenga is generally considered to be the largest football club in Oslo, and they are known for their loyal supporters.
Shamblehurst
Shamblehurst, also known as Sandhust, was a manor and tithing within the ancient parish of South Stoneham, now in the modern-day Borough of Eastleigh. It had Allington tithing to the north and Botley and Durley parishes to the east.

Most of the village of West End, including the Union Workhouse, was situated in the Shamblehurst tithing with a small part of it falling within Allington. Shamblehurst contained three farms- Shamblehurst, Flanders and Botley Grange; two mills - Woodmill in modern-day Swaythling and the Stoneham Paper Mill in modern Mansbridge; and several country houses including Townhill Park and Thornhill Park.

Botley, Hampshire
Botley is a historic village in Hampshire, England, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Southampton. It was developed as a natural crossing point for the River Hamble, and received its first market charter from Henry III in 1267. The village grew on the success of its mills, its coaching inns, and more recently strawberries, and was described as "the most delightful village in the world" by 18th century journalist and radical politician William Cobbett.
Common year starting on Wednesday
A common year starting on Wednesday is any non-leap year (a year with 365 days) that begins on Wednesday, January 1, and ends on 
Wednesday,  December 31. Its dominical letter hence is E. The most recent year of such kind was 2025, and the next one will be 2031, or, likewise, 2026 and 2037 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. This common year is one of the three possible common years in which a century year can begin on, and occurs in century years that yield a remainder of 200 when divided by 400. The most recent such year was 1800, and the next one will be 2200.

Any common year that starts on Wednesday has only one Friday the 13th: the only one in this common year occurs in June. Leap years starting on Tuesday share this characteristic.

This year has four months (February, March, June and November) which begin on a weekend-day.

Thursday
Thursday is the day of the week between Wednesday and Friday. According to the ISO 8601 international standard, it is the fourth day of the week. In countries which adopt the "Sunday-first" convention, it is the fifth day of the week.
Melodic learning
Melodic Learning is a multimodal learning method that uses the defining elements of singing (pitch, rhythm and rhyme) to facilitate the capture, storage and retrieval of information. Widely recognized examples of Melodic Learning include using the alphabet song to learn the alphabet and This Old Man to learn counting.

The ABC Song
"The ABC Song" is the best-known song used to recite the English alphabet in alphabetical order. It is commonly used to teach the alphabet to children in English-speaking countries. "The ABC Song" was first copyrighted in 1835 by Boston music publisher Charles Bradlee. The melody is from a 1761 French music book and is also used in other nursery rhymes like "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star", while the author of the lyrics is unknown. Songs set to the same melody are also used to teach the alphabets of other languages.
Philip Gurdon
Philip Gurdon (26 June 1800 – 1 August 1874) was an English cricketer who played for Norfolk and Cambridge University. He is recorded in two matches, totalling 16 runs with a highest score of 9.

Gurdon was educated at Eton College, then went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, but after two years he moved to Downing College. After graduating he was ordained as a Church of England priest and was rector of parishes in Norfolk near his family's home at Letton Hall from 1825 until his death in 1874. He held the following appointments:

Rector, Reymerston 1825–1874

Rector, Southburgh 1828–1874

Rector, Hatton 1829

Rector, Cranworth with Letton, 1832–1874

Letton, Norfolk
Letton is a former village and civil parish, now part of the parish of Cranworth, in the Breckland district of Norfolk, England. The settlement is south-east of Shipdham and about 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Dereham. In 1931 the parish had a population of 83. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Cranworth.

The main building in Letton is Letton Hall a Grade II listed building, now mainly a religious holiday centre. The property was formerly owned by the Gurdon family. The former church of All Saints is now a ruin.
David Chiem
David Chiem is a Vietnamese-born Australian entrepreneur, author and actor.  He is the Founder, Executive Chairman and Group CEO of the MindChamps group of companies, which comprises MindChamps PreSchool, Singapore's No. 1 premium preschool with a market share of 38.5%, MindSpace, an after school and enrichment academy, and MindChamps Early Intervention & Therapy. MindChamps PreSchool was the first early childhood educator to list on the Singapore Exchange (SGX).  MindChamps has over 131 centres globally.

He is the first Asian to have a major role in a mainstream Australian television drama series, Butterfly Island. He has written a number of books, one of them, Only the Heart, has been used as a set text in Australian schools.

Singapore Exchange
Singapore Exchange Limited (SGX Group) is a Singapore-based exchange conglomerate, operating equity, fixed income, currency and commodity markets. It provides a range of listing, trading, clearing, settlement, depository and data services. SGX Group is also a member of the World Federation of Exchanges and the Asian and Oceanian Stock Exchanges Federation. It is ASEAN's second largest market capitalization after Indonesia Stock Exchange at US$609.653 billion as of September 2023.
Albert Falls Dam
Albert Falls Dam is a dam in the Umgeni River, just outside Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Established in 1976, the dam has a gross capacity of 290.1 million cubic meters and a surface area of 23.521 square kilometres (9.082 sq mi). The dam wall is 33 metres (108 ft) high.

A lake-wide bloom of the dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella, discovered in Albert Falls Dam in October 2006, exposed a significant ecological change indicative of reduced water quality in this historically mesotrophic reservoir. The spatial distribution of the bloom was examined synoptically in October 2006 and in January 2007.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Cotillion Ballroom
The Cotillion Ballroom is a concert venue in Wichita, Kansas, United States.  It is located between Maize Road and 119th Street West on the north side of Kellogg (U.S. 54) in west Wichita.

The Cotillion is a special events facility that hosts concerts, roller derby, dances, comedians and stage shows featuring nationally known artists and performers. This special events facility is available to rent for concerts, dances, banquets, corporate events, wedding receptions, trade shows and private parties.

Roller derby
Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams.  Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring.
Holly Park (San Francisco)
Holly Park is a public park in San Francisco, California in the Bernal Heights neighborhood. It is known for excellent views of the city and San Francisco Bay.

One of San Francisco's oldest city parks, it was donated to the city in 1862, by James Graham Fair, from a parcel that had been part of the Bernal land grant, also known as the Rancho Rincon de las Salinas y Potrero Viejo.  The land was then improved in the 1920s, with help from the city parks department and increased city planning and funding from the 1950s onward. It has walking paths around the summit of Holly Hill, nature walk signs, public art, picnic areas, basketball and tennis courts, gardens, and a children's playground.

The kinetic sculpture Odonatoa by Joyce Hsu is in the park near the playground.

The name of the park, and of Holly Hill, may be related to the hollyleaf cherry or Islais cherry, once abundant near Islais Creek just to the south of the hill.

Islais Creek
Islais Creek or Islais Creek Channel (previously known as Du Vrees Creek, Islais Channel and Islais Swamp) is a small creek in San Francisco, California. The name of the creek is derived from a Salinan Native American word "slay" or "islay", the name for the Prunus ilicifolia wild cherries.
Around the time of the Gold Rush, the area became an industrial hub, and the condition of the creek worsened. After the devastating 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the city decided to reclaim the creek using earthquake debris, reducing the waterbody to its present size. Though much of Islais Creek has been converted to an underground culvert, remnants still exist today at both Glen Canyon Park and Third Street. Several community organizations are dedicated to preserve these remnants, as they are important wildlife habitats.
Creamfields BA
Creamfields Buenos Aires is an annual electronic music festival hosted in Buenos Aires featuring DJs recognized in the worldwide electronic scene. It has seen more attendees compared to other Creamfields events in Latin America with almost 70,000 people attending its sixth edition.

Creamfields BA was the first Creamfields festival to be organised outside of Cream's hometown of Liverpool, but the move to Buenos Aires was seen as a risky one as it coincided with Argentina fell into the worst economic crisis in its history. Thus, it was uncertain how an event of such magnitude would be profitable in a country with severe economic problems. 
Creamfields Buenos Aires is organised annually by the promoter 2NET, that also hosts other several other electronic music events in Buenos Aires, Mar del Plata and Punta del Este.

Sander Kleinenberg
Sander Kleinenberg (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɑndər ˈklɛinə(m)ˌbɛr(ə)x]; born 29 December 1971) is a Dutch disc jockey, VDJ, and record producer. He founded and runs Little Mountain Recordings and THIS IS Recordings. Kleinenberg is well known for his use of digital video in concerts, his "Everybody" and This Is brands of club nights and albums and his 2000 single "My Lexicon" as well as hits like "The Fruit" and "This Is Miami".
Topaz
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F, OH)2. It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden-brown to yellow-orange. Topaz is often treated with heat or radiation to make it a deep blue, reddish-orange, pale green, pink, or purple.

Topaz is a nesosilicate mineral, and more specifically, an aluminosilicate mineral. It is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals and has a relatively low index of refraction. It has the orthorhombic crystal system and a dipyramidial crystal class.

It occurs in many places in the world. Two of the most popular places that topaz is sourced are Brazil and Russia. Topaz is often mined in open-pit or alluvial settings.

Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.