hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Serfdom in Norway
Norwegian serfdom can be a way of defining the position of the Norwegian lower class farmers, though they were not actually in serfdom by European standards. The evolution of this social system began about 1750.

The institution only applied in the Kingdom of Norway, not in the rest of Denmark-Norway. Iceland (a Norwegian dependency) had its own system of serfdom, while a somewhat similar institution, the stavnsbånd, existed in Denmark proper. Slavery was the backbone of the Dano-Norwegian colonies in the Caribbean.

Danish West Indies
The Danish West Indies (Danish: Dansk Vestindien), also known as the Danish Virgin Islands (Danish: Danske Jomfruøer) or the Danish Antilles, were a Danish colony in the Caribbean, consisting of the islands of Saint Thomas with 83 square kilometres (32 sq mi), Saint John (Danish: St. Jan) with 49 square kilometres (19 sq mi), Saint Croix with 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi), and Water Island.

Water Island was sold in 1905 to the Danish East Asiatic Company. The islands of St Thomas, St John, and St Croix were purchased by the United States in 1917 and became known as the United States Virgin Islands. Water Island was bought by the US Government in 1944, and became part of the US Virgin Islands in 1996.
2015 Critérium International
The 2015 Critérium International was the 84th edition of the Critérium International cycling stage race. It took place on the island of Corsica, around the city of Porto-Vecchio. Just like the previous three editions, the race consisted of three stages, two on the first race day (including a short individual time trial) and one on the second day.

The race was won by Jean-Christophe Péraud of AG2R La Mondiale for the second year in a row, having claimed the overall lead by winning the final stage. Thibaut Pinot (FDJ) finished second in the general classification and won the young rider classification. Fabio Felline of Trek Factory Racing, who won the time trial on stage 2, was third in the general classification and won the points classification. UnitedHealthcare's rider Marco Canola claimed the mountains classification, while French team AG2R La Mondiale won the teams classification.

Marco Canola
Marco Canola (born 26 December 1988) is an Italian former racing cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2012 to 2022 with the Bardiani–CSF, UnitedHealthcare, Nippo–Vini Fantini–Faizanè and Gazprom–RusVelo teams. During his professional career, Canola took a total of nine victories – including stage thirteen of the 2014 Giro d'Italia, three stages at the 2017 Tour of Japan, and the 2017 Japan Cup one-day race.
Lycasin
Lycasin is a trade name given by Roquette for hydrogenated glucose syrup (hydrogenated starch hydrolysates).  One of the major components of Lycasin is maltitol, derived from the hydrogenation of maltose. Depending on the dextrose equivalent (DE) of the syrup used in the hydrolysis, a variety of products can be made, with the name "lycasin" normally being reserved for lycasin 80/55 (80 referring to the dry content and 55 to the dextrose equivalent). The other grades (e.g. 75/60 and 80/33) are referred to as Polysorb, but should not be confused with the polyglycolic acid suture of the same name which is produced by a different company.

Lycasin's known side effects in adults include bloating, abdominal cramps, intestinal gurgling or rumbling (borborygmi), and flatulence. Some cases of extremely intense intestinal distress have been reported from consuming foods containing Lycasin.

Polyglycolide
Polyglycolide or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), also spelled as polyglycolic acid, is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polymer and the simplest linear, aliphatic polyester. It can be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization. PGA has been known since 1954 as a tough fiber-forming polymer.  Owing to its hydrolytic instability, however, its use was slow to develop. Polyglycolide and its copolymers (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with lactic acid, poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone) with ε-caprolactone and poly (glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate) with trimethylene carbonate) are widely used as a material for the synthesis of absorbable sutures and are being evaluated in the biomedical field.
Hiranya Peiris
Hiranya Vajramani Peiris is a British astrophysicist at the University of Cambridge, where she holds the Professorship of Astrophysics (1909). She is best known for her work on the cosmic microwave background radiation, and interdisciplinary links between cosmology and high-energy physics. She was one of 27 scientists who received the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2018 for their "detailed maps of the early universe".

Institute of Physics
The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a UK-based not-for-profit learned society and professional body that works to advance physics education, research and application.

It was founded in 1874 and has a worldwide membership of over 20,000. The IOP is the Physical Society for the UK and Ireland and supports physics in education, research and industry. In addition to this, the IOP provides services to its members including careers advice and professional development and grants the professional qualification of Chartered Physicist (CPhys), as well as Chartered Engineer (CEng) as a nominated body of the Engineering Council; it also holds its own separate Royal Charter. The IOP's publishing company, IOP Publishing, publishes 85 academic titles.
Women's Minor League Basketball Association
The Women's Minor League Basketball Association (WMLBA) was a women's professional basketball league in North America. It was initially founded in 2016, although the initial playing season began in 2017. The season ran from June through August.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
Agathe Sorel
Agathe Sorel (born 1935, Budapest) is a London-based artist of Hungarian descent, specializing in painting, sculpture, printmaking and livres d’artiste. She is a Member of the Royal Watercolour Society and the Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers, as well as a founding member of the Printmakers Council and was its Chairman in 1981-1983. She was one of the first artists who experimented with making objects and sculptures using print techniques.

Royal Watercolour Society
The Royal Watercolour Society is a British institution of painters working in watercolours. The Society is a centre of excellence for water-based media on paper, which allows for a diverse and interesting range of approaches to the medium of watercolour. Its members, or associates, use the post-nominal initials RWS and ARWS (associate member). They are elected by the membership, with typically half a dozen new associates joining the Society each year.
Simon Behrakis
Simon Behrakis (born 16 October 1989) is an Australian politician, previously serving as a member for Clark in the Tasmanian House of Assembly.

Behrakis ran as a Liberal Party candidate at the 2018 and 2021 state elections. He was elected as an alderman to Hobart City Council at the 2018 local government elections, later being re-elected in 2022.

He was elected to parliament via a recount on 24 October 2023 after the resignation of former Attorney-General Elise Archer.

He was elected in his own right at the 2024 Tasmanian state election for the Tasmanian Liberal Party.

He was defeated at the 2025 Tasmanian state election by fellow Liberal candidate Marcus Vermey.

Election recount
An election recount is a repeat tabulation of votes cast in an election that is used to determine the correctness of an initial count. Recounts will often take place if the initial vote tally during an election is extremely close. Election recounts will often result in changes in contest tallies. Errors can be found or introduced from human factors, such as transcription errors, or machine errors, such as misreads of paper ballots.
North Wales Police and Crime Commissioner
The North Wales Police and Crime Commissioner is the police and crime commissioner, an elected official tasked with setting out the way crime is tackled by North Wales Police in the Welsh principal areas of Anglesey, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd and Wrexham. The post was created in November 2012, following an election held on 15 November 2012, and replaced the North Wales Police Authority. The current incumbent is Andy Dunbobbin, who represents the Labour Party.

Principal areas of Wales
The principal areas of Wales, comprising the counties and county boroughs of Wales, are a form of subdivision in Wales. There are currently 22 principal areas in Wales, and they were established in 1996. They are a single-tier form of local government, each governed by a principal council, with eleven styled as a "county" (sir) and the other eleven as a "county borough" (bwrdeistref sirol). They replaced the previous two-tier system of eight counties and 37 districts that were in place in Wales from 1974 to 1996.
Sen (surname)
Sen (Bengali: সেন) is a native Bengali Hindu surname .The meaning of the Sanskrit word सेन is  "being a lord, master or leader" .

The surname is commonly found in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent; namely Bangladesh & West Bengal, India mainly among Bengali Baidya and Kayastha communities. The Sena kings of Bengal claimed themselves as Brahmakshatriya or Kshatriya in their own inscriptions. The surname is also found among some other castes of Bengal like Suvarna Banik, Gandhabanik and Teli.

Kshatriya
Kshatriya (Sanskrit: क्षत्रिय, romanized: Kṣatriya) (from Sanskrit kṣatra, "rule, authority"; also called Rajanya) is one of the four varnas (social orders) of Hindu society and is associated with the warrior aristocracy. The Sanskrit term kṣatriyaḥ is used in the context of later Vedic society wherein members were organised into four classes: brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, and shudra.
Natasha Lacy
Natasha Lacy (born July 8, 1985) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the New York Liberty in the WNBA.  Lacy was born in El Paso, Texas, and is the daughter of Austin and Pauline Lacy.  She has four older siblings, Curtis, Keota Maryuen, Marcus and Austin.  She attended Montwood High School, where she earned three varsity letters.  Lacy was rated the ninth best guard and the 23rd best player by All-Star Girls Report.  She averaged a triple-double in her senior season with 25 points, 10 rebounds, 10 assists, four steals, and four blocks per game.  She was named the El Paso MVP and the district's MVP, and also earned varsity letters in track and field, attending the USA Track and Field Junior Olympics in the 400m.

Detroit Shock
The Detroit Shock were a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) team based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. They were the 2003, 2006, and 2008 WNBA champions.

Debuting in 1998, the Shock were one of the league's first expansion franchises. They were also the first WNBA expansion franchise to win a WNBA championship. The team was the sister team of the Detroit Pistons and from 2002 to 2009 was coached by Pistons legend Bill Laimbeer.

In October 2009, the Shock were relocated to Tulsa, Oklahoma, to become the Tulsa Shock. Detroit team's roster, history, and nickname were retained. In July 2015, the Shock relocated to become the Dallas Wings.
Alajos Drávecz
Alajos Drávecz (Slovene: Alojz Dravec) (29 November 1866 – 28 August 1915) was a Slovenian ethnologist and writer.

Born in Rábatótfalu (now Szentgotthárd). His parents were István Drávecz and Rozália Korpics. The young Drávecz and his wife emigrated to the USA, then came back to Hungary, and settled down in Rábakethely (now Szentgotthárd).
In 1915 Drávecz joined the forces and call out in North-Hungary (Slovakia), later in Moravia. He was killed in Lipník nad Bečvou, near Olomouc.

Drávecz  noted down the Slovene popular costume in the Luca day, and the Andrew day, and folk songs.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Give Me All Night
"Give Me All Night" is the second single from Carly Simon's 13th studio album Coming Around Again (1987). The song was co-written by Simon with Gerard McMahon and produced by Paul Samwell-Smith. An accompanying music video was filmed on Martha's Vineyard and featured drummer Rick Marotta.

The song is one of Simon's biggest Adult contemporary hits, and has been included on multiple compilations of her work, such as the three-disc box set Clouds in My Coffee (1995), the UK import The Very Best of Carly Simon: Nobody Does It Better (1998), the two-disc retrospective Anthology (2002), the single-disc Reflections: Carly Simon's Greatest Hits (2004), and Sony Music's Playlist: The Very Best of Carly Simon (2014). Simon also performed the song on her 1987 HBO concert special Live from Martha's Vineyard.

The B-side, "Sleight of Hand," was written by Simon and Don Sebesky for John Pielmeier's 1987 Broadway play of the same name.

The Very Best of Carly Simon: Nobody Does It Better
The Very Best of Carly Simon: Nobody Does It Better is the third greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released on December 15, 1998.

Originally released in the UK, this was Simon's first single-disc, cross label compilation. It includes her hits from the Elektra years (1971–1979) and the Arista years (1986–2000). The album also includes the 1982 single "Why", a top 10 hit in the UK, from the Soup For One soundtrack.
2015 Dodge City Law season
The 2015 Dodge City Law season is the team's second season as a professional indoor football franchise and first as a member of Champions Indoor Football (CIF) in the 2015 season.

The team is owned and operated by Ricky Bertz. The Law play their home games at the United Wireless Arena in Dodge City, Kansas, under the direction of head coach Sean Ponder.

2015 Champions Indoor Football season
The 2015 Champions Indoor Football season was the first season of the CIF. The new league was the result of a merger between the Lone Star Football League and the Champions Professional Indoor Football League. The regular season began on Saturday, February 28 and finished on Saturday, June 6.  The league champion was the Sioux City Bandits, who defeated the Texas Revolution 76-61 in Champions Bowl I. The season MVP was Charles Dowdell of the Sioux City Bandits, and the Champions Bowl MVP was Drew Prohaska, also of the Bandits.
Clams casino
Clams casino is a clam "on the halfshell" dish with breadcrumbs and bacon. Green peppers are also a common ingredient.

It originated in Rhode Island in the United States. It is often served as an appetizer in New England and is served in variations nationally.

Hors d'oeuvre
An hors d'oeuvre (/ɔːr ˈdɜːrv(rə)/ or DURV(-rə); French: hors-d'œuvre [ɔʁ dœvʁ(ə)] ⓘ), appetiser, appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or they may be served before seating, such as at a reception or cocktail party. Formerly, hors d'oeuvres were also served between courses.

Typically smaller than a main dish, an hors d'oeuvre is often designed to be eaten by hand. Hors d'oeuvre are typically served at parties as a small "snack" before a main course.
Tate (TV series)
Tate is an American Western television series starring David McLean that aired on NBC from June 8 until September 14, 1960, followed by reruns on the 21st and 28th. It was created by Harry Julian Fink (the creator of Dirty Harry and T.H.E. Cat), who wrote most of the scripts, and produced by Perry Como's Roncom Video Films, Inc., as a summer replacement for The Perry Como Show. Richard Whorf guest-starred once on the series and directed the majority of the episodes. Ida Lupino directed two segments.

Dirty Harry
Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action-thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the Dirty Harry series. Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first appearance as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callahan. The film drew upon the real-life case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.

Dirty Harry was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films. It was followed by four sequels: Magnum Force in 1973, The Enforcer in 1976, Sudden Impact in 1983, and The Dead Pool in 1988.

In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant".
2016 Hun Sen Cup
The Hun Sen Cup was the main football knockout tournament in Cambodia. The 2016 Hun Sen Cup was the 10th season of the Hun Sen Cup, the premier knockout tournament for association football clubs in Cambodia involving Cambodian League and provincial teams organized by the Football Federation of Cambodia.

Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng were the defending champions, having beaten Nagaworld 2–1 in the previous season's final.

Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng FC
Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng Football Club (Khmer: ក្លឹបបាល់ទាត់ព្រះខ័នរាជស្វាយរៀង), also known as PKR Svay Rieng, is a professional football club based in Krong Svay Rieng, Svay Rieng province, Cambodia, that plays in the Cambodian Premier League. The club has won 4 league and 5 Hun Sen Cup titles. Its women's section plays in the Cambodian Women's League.
Church of St Andrew, Holcombe
The Church of St Andrew (also known as St Andrew's Old Church and Holcombe Old Church) near Holcombe, Somerset, England has late Saxon-early Norman origins and was rebuilt in the 15th/16th centuries. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was vested in the Trust on 1 August 1987. The village that the church served was deserted in the medieval period; the remains of the village can be seen adjacent to the church.

The church is known as St Andrew's Old Church as the new church built in 1884–1885 in the new settlement of Holcombe 1 mile to the south-east is also known as St Andrew's; St Andrew's Old Church has not been used for regular church services since that time, although it served as a cemetery chapel for its burial ground, which continued in use. The parish is part of the benefice of Coleford with Holcombe within the Midsomer Norton deanery.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
P. Paiwang Konyak
P. Paiwang Konyak is an Indian politician from Nagaland and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the Minister of Transport, Civil Aviation and Railways, Land Resource in the Fourth Rio ministry in Nagaland from 2018-2023. Currently he is the Cabinet Minister of Health and Family Welfare Nagaland in the Fifth Rio ministry. He has been a member of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly from the Tizit constituency in Mon district since 2013.

Fourth Rio ministry
This is a list of minister from the Neiphiu Rio fourth cabinet starting from December 2013. Rio is the leader of the Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party and was sworn in to the Chief Ministers of Nagaland on 8 March 2018. The ministry had 12 Cabinet ministers including the Chief Minister. The following is the list of ministers of his ministry.

In the current government, five incumbents including the Chief Minister belong to the NDPP, while six including the Deputy Chief Minister belong to the BJP. One Minister is an Independent MLA.
Georgia Gwizzlies
The Georgia Gwizzlies is a basketball team that currently plays in the American Basketball Association.  They once played in various men's minor leagues: the Continental Basketball League (CBL), the American National Basketball League, and their original stint in the American Basketball Association. The Georgia Gwizzlies moved from Gwinnett County to Macon in Central Georgia, but upon joining the CBL, moved back to the Greater Atlanta area. Home games will be played in Cobb County, Georgia. Gwizzlies players have been invited to tour France and Spain in early fall each year.  Embry Malone begins his six-year as GM and head coach and his two older brothers, Alvin and Bennie Malone are co-owners of the pro basketball organization.

On 1 June 2010, the Gwizzlies were removed from the CBL for failure to meet league standards by not traveling to games against the Birmingham Sabers and Wilmington Sea Dawgs.  Soon afterward, they were reinstated into the ABA.

Birmingham Sabers
The Birmingham Sabers were a team of the Continental Basketball League based in  Birmingham, Alabama that began play in 2010

The team was born when the Birmingham Steel moved to the WBA. The CBL commissioner, Dennis Truax, announced that Paul Smith would take over as owner of the Birmingham franchise.  Several Steel players stayed with the Sabers, who also retained the team records and statistics of the Steel.
Matthew S. Holland
Matthew Scott Holland (born June 7, 1966) is an American religious leader and former educator who has been a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 2020.  Before becoming a general authority, Holland served from 2009 to 2018 as the 6th president of Utah Valley University (UVU) in Orem, Utah.

Holland is the son of Jeffrey R. Holland, a former president of the LDS Church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and a former president of Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah.

General authority
A general authority is a member of the highest levels of leadership within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who has administrative and ecclesiastical authority over the church. A general authority's jurisdiction is church-wide, in contrast to the responsibilities of a local authority or an area authority, which relate to a particular area, unit, or department of the church. As a group, the general authorities are often referred to as "the Brethren". As of April 2023, the church listed 95 general authorities.