hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Single frequency approach
In aviation, a single frequency approach (SFA) is a service for a military single-piloted turbojet aircraft to use a single UHF frequency during their landing approach. Circumstances permitting, pilots will not be required to change their frequency when they switch from ARTCC to terminal facility control when conducting an SFA.

In the U.S., per the FAA, controllers are not allowed to require a frequency change from aircraft conducting an SFA unless:

Pilot has completed landing or low approach

Aircraft is in VFR conditions during daylight hours

Pilot requests a frequency change

Emergency situation exists

Aircraft is cleared for a visual approach

Pilot cancels their IFR flight plan

If a change of control is necessary, controllers will hand off the frequency to each other, instead of having the pilots change the frequency on their radio.

Instrument flight rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan.
Complex Age
Complex Age (コンプレックス・エイジ, Konpurekkusu Eiji) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yui Sakuma. The series began as a one-shot published on Kodansha's Weekly Morning seinen manga website in May 2013.  The one-shot drew 1.25 million viewers to the website and won a Tetsuya Chiba Prize.  It was relaunched on 22 May 2014 and ran until 4 June 2015.  The manga was licensed for release in North America by Kodansha USA.  A comic video adaptation was released on the Morning website alongside the fifth volume in August 2015.  The series was compiled into six volumes.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Mitsubishi Starion
The Mitsubishi Starion is a sports car which was manufactured and marketed by Mitsubishi from 1982 until 1989 — with badge engineered variants marketed in North America as the Conquest, under the Chrysler, Dodge, and Plymouth brands. It is a two-door coupé with a fastback design and seating for four passengers. The Starion's straight-four engine is mounted in the front and drives the rear wheels, with some models being turbocharged.

The Starion was one of the first modern Japanese turbocharged performance automobiles with electronic fuel injection.

Front-engine design
Front-engine design is an automotive design where the engine is in the front side of the car, connected to the wheels via a drive shaft. The main types of Front engine design are:

Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, the traditional automotive layout for most of the 20th century.

Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, which became dominant in passenger cars by the late 20th century.

Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout.

Advantage of front engine design is better cabin space for passengers, and also bigger boot space. Disadvantage is that more weight of the car goes on front wheels and less weight goes on the rear wheels, that causes understeer.
1982 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1982 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 58th season in the Victorian Football League and 81st overall. This was the first time since 1978 Hawthorn qualified for finals. Hawthorn were eliminated by Carlton in the Preliminary final 63–94.

1978 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1978 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 54th season in the Victorian Football League and 77th overall. Hawthorn qualified for finals for the fifth consecutive season. Hawthorn qualified for their sixth Grand Final and first since 1976. Hawthorn won their fourth  VFL premiership defeating North Melbourne in the Grand Final 121–103. This was their first premiership since 1976.
Securinega
Securinega is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1789. As presently conceived, the genus is native to Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean. In the past, it was considered to be much more widespread, thus explaining the long list of species formerly included. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

Species

Securinega antsingyensis Leandri - W Madagascar

Securinega capuronii Leandri - W Madagascar

Securinega durissima J.F.Gmel. - Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues Island

Securinega perrieri Leandri - W Madagascar

Securinega seyrigii Leandri - W Madagascar

Formerly included

moved to other genera (Actephila Andrachne Chascotheca Cleistanthus Flueggea Jablonskia Margaritaria Meineckia Neoroepera Savia Tetracoccus )

Neoroepera
Neoroepera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Picrodendraceae, first described in 1866. The two species in the genus are endemic to the State of Queensland in northeastern Australia.

Species

Neoroepera banksii Benth. – Shire of Cook

Neoroepera buxifolia Müll.Arg. – Gladstone District
David L. Fried
David L. Fried (April 13, 1933 – May 5, 2022) was an American scientist, best known for his contributions to optics. Fried described what has come to be known as the Fried Parameter, or r0 (often pronounced r-naught, but also r-zero).  The Fried Parameter is a measure of the strength of the turbulence in the atmosphere of Earth. The turbulence causes what is known as seeing in astronomy and usually limits the optical resolution of ground-based telescopes and the detail in their images of astronomical objects. The Fried Parameter describes the smallest diameter of a telescope aperture at which the image fidelity starts to suffer significantly from turbulent airflows in the atmosphere of Earth. The Fried Parameter may change quickly on the time scale of minutes, or less. Typical values for the Fried Parameter in the visible spectrum may range from less than one centimeter (you can detect turbulence with your eye) to some tens of centimeters at good astronomical sites.

Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body, celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object, while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons, planets, and stars are astronomical bodies. A comet may be identified as both a body and an object: It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
Transport aircraft
Transport aircraft is a broad category of aircraft that includes:

Airliners, aircraft, usually large and most often operated by airlines, intended for carrying multiple passengers or cargo in commercial service

Cargo aircraft or freighters, fixed-wing aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of goods, rather than passengers, lacking in passenger amenities and generally featuring one or more large doors for loading cargo; also known as freight aircraft, freighters, airlifters, or cargo jets.

Mail planes, airplanes used for carrying mail

Military transport aircraft, airplanes or helicopters used to deliver troops, weapons, and military equipment, usually outside of the commercial flight routes in uncontrolled airspace, and employed historically to deliver airborne forces and tow military gliders; sometimes also called military cargo aircraft.

Uncontrolled airspace
In aviation, uncontrolled airspace is airspace in which an air traffic control (ATC) service is not deemed necessary or cannot be provided for practical reasons. It is the opposite of controlled airspace. It is that portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Control Area, Control Zone, Terminal Control Area or Transition Area.

According to the airspace classes set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the uncontrolled classes of airspace are class F and G. Uncontrolled airspace does not require a clearance to enter.

ATC does not exercise any executive authority in uncontrolled airspace, but may provide basic information services to aircraft in radio contact. Aircraft entering controlled airspace from uncontrolled airspace will need a clearance from the relevant ATC unit in order to do so. Aircraft in uncontrolled airspace will not receive separation from other flights but may receive an information service, if available and practical.
Keladighat bridge
Keladighat Bridge is a motor-able bridge over Kali Gandaki river in Keladighat of Syangja District,  Gandaki Zone and Gandakidhik of Palpa District, Lumbini Zone, Western Region, Nepal. 166.6 meter long and 4.25 meter wide bridge is completed now.

Lumbini Zone
Lumbini (Nepali: लुम्बिनी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. Within the zone is the city of Lumbini, widely believed to be the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism and renowned as a major Buddhist pilgrimage site. The zone's headquarters was Butwal.
Mako Hit List
Hitlist (Hebrew: היטליסט) is an Israeli weekly record chart launched by news website Mako in 2023. It is the first Israeli music chart to determine its ranking based on data from digital platforms such as YouTube, Spotify, Apple Music, rather than on editorial choice and fan votes like Galgalatz.
The first number 1 hit featured was "Unicorn" by Noa Kirel, the Israeli entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023.

The first annual Hitlist chart was aired on 14 September 2023 on Keshet 12 and Radio Tel Aviv. The highest ranking on the chart was the song "Sick Love" by Pe'er Tasi. The annual chart is scheduled for September rather than December due to the proximity of Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, which typically does not fall in December.

Channel 12 (Israel)
Keshet 12 (Hebrew: ערוץ 12) is an Israeli free-to-air television channel owned by Keshet Media Group. It launched on 1 November 2017 as one of two replacements for Channel 2, which was closed on that date.
South Dakota Public Broadcasting
South Dakota Public Broadcasting (SDPB) is a network of non-commercial educational television and radio stations serving the U.S. state of South Dakota. The stations are operated by the South Dakota Bureau of Information and Telecommunication, an agency of the state government which holds the licenses for all of the PBS and NPR member stations licensed in South Dakota except KRSD in Sioux Falls, which is owned and run by Minnesota Public Radio, and KAUR in Sioux Falls, which is owned by Augustana University and operated by MPR. SDPB has studios and offices on Main Street in Rapid City and on North Phillips Avenue in downtown Sioux Falls, with headquarters being located in the Al Neuharth Media Center on the campus of the University of South Dakota on North Dakota Street in Vermillion.

KAUR
KAUR (89.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting programming from Minnesota Public Radio's News & Information service. Licensed to Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, the station serves the greater Sioux Falls area and can reliably broadcast up to approximately 30 miles in any direction.  The station is currently owned by Augustana University and operated by MPR. All programming originates from the Twin Cities, but the station has inserts at least once an hour for local underwriting and weather. MPR also maintains a small office space on the Augustana campus.
Lloyd Steel Lourie
Lloyd Steel Lourie (September 3, 1877 – March 12, 1959) was an American orthodontist who attended Angle School of Orthodontia in St. Louis and graduated in 1900. He served as president of American Association of Orthodontists for two terms in 1904 and 1905. He also served as the president of the Chicago Association of Orthodontists. Lourie during formative years of the Orthodontics, played a role in critical analysis of papers talking about orthodontic techniques. He developed the high labial arch appliance. He also developed a wire-stretching pliers which was useful in cutting any leftover spurs on the labial arches.

Angle School of Orthodontia
Angle School of Orthodontia was the first school of orthodontics in the world, established by Edward Angle in 1899. The school taught its students orthodontics over a period of 3–6 weeks. The school graduated 183 students until it closed in 1927. Among the graduates, 25 students became presidents of the American Association of Orthodontists, 11 students became head of orthodontic departments and three students became dental school deans.
Dystenoid
A dystenoid nervous system is an arrangement of ganglia in the anterior region of some molluscs where the cerebral and pleural ganglia are situated closer to each other than they are in those molluscs with the more archaic hypoathroid nervous system, but still further apart than those animals with an evolutionarily more recent epiathroid nervous system.

Examples of animals having dystenoid systems include Macleaniella moskalevi, Teuthirustria cancellata, and Fedikofella caymanensis (weakly dystenoid in all three). These are deep sea limpets belonging to the superfamily Cocculinoidea.

Cocculinoidea
The Cocculinoidea is a superfamily of deepwater limpets (marine gastropods), the only superfamily in the order Cocculinida, one of the main orders of gastropods according to the taxonomy as set up by (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The clade Cocculiniformia used to be designated as a superorder.
Plug-in electric vehicles in India
The electric vehicle industry in India is slowly growing. The central and state governments have implemented schemes and incentives to promote electric mobility, and have introduced regulations and standards.

In 2015, the Department of Heavy Industry (DHI) launched FAME, or Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid and) Electric vehicles, which is currently India's flagship scheme for promoting electric mobility,

Although India would benefit from converting its transport from internal combustion (IC) engines to electric motors, challenges include a lack of charging infrastructure, high initial cost and a lack of renewable energy. E-commerce companies, car manufacturers, app-based transport network companies and mobility-solution providers have entered the sector, however, they are slowly building electric-car capacity and visibility.

Ministry of Heavy Industries
The Ministry of Heavy Industries  is an executive agency of the Government of India. The Ministry  entails for promoting the engineering industry viz. machine tools, heavy electrical, industrial machinery, and auto industry and administration of 40 operating Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) and 4 autonomous organizations.

As of June 2024, the Honourable Minister is H. D. Kumaraswamy and the Honourable Minister of State is Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma.
Dispersal draft
A dispersal draft is a process in professional sports for assigning players to a new team when an existing team folds or is merged into another team.  Like most other sports drafts, most dispersal drafts are conducted in closed leagues and are intended to prevent bidding wars and to maintain a league's competitive balance when a folded or merged team's roster of players is absorbed into the rest of a league's teams. As generally all or most of a team's players would become free agents following their team's disestablishment or merger.

Dispersal drafts are more commonly seen in emerging sports (such as soccer or women's basketball in the United States) or alternative leagues where initial support for a team failed to remain consistent and the team was unable to survive financially resulting in a team folding or merging with another team.

Closed league
In sports, a closed league is a type of sports league where the number and identity of the teams taking part in the sports league activities does not change from year to year due to the performance of the member teams. A closed league is the opposite of leagues with promotion and relegation systems (often referred to as open leagues) where teams can be sent down to lower leagues if their performance is poor enough. Closed leagues are the most common form of sports leagues in North America and Australia and are also a common form of sports league in Singapore. Motorsport series such as Formula One have also been described as closed leagues. Closed leagues are sometimes considered a form of sport monopoly or cartel.
La Voz de Asturias
La Voz de Asturias is a newspaper in Spain.  Published in Oviedo, it serves Asturias. It was founded in 1923 by José Tartiere Lenegre. Until 2012 it was a printed newspaper, after which it ceased publication. Four years later, in 2016, in reemerged as an online newspaper. It has a progressive political stance. Mostly written in Spanish, it also contains a section in Asturian called "Agora" (agora means now in Asturian).

Oviedo
Oviedo (Spanish: [oˈβjeðo] ⓘ) or Uviéu (Asturian: [uˈβjew]) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. With a population of 220,027, it is also the 2nd-largest city in Asturias.

Oviedo is located approximately 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Gijón and 23 km (14 mi) southeast of Avilés, both of which lie on the shoreline of the Bay of Biscay. Oviedo's proximity to the ocean of less than 30 kilometres (19 mi) in combination with its elevated position with areas of the city more than 300 metres above sea level causes the city to have a maritime climate, even though it does not sit directly on the shore.
Hypogeum of Cala Sant Vicenç
The hypogeum of Cala Sant Vicenç is a set of caves dating back to the Bronze Age (1,700—1,500 BC), located on the Spanish island of Mallorca. Today, eight caves are visible, though when they were studied by Wilfrid James Hemp, there were fifteen. Some features of the caves are modern (such as the hole at the back of Cave 7). The taula-like statue at the entrance to the site is also modern.

Hypogeum
A hypogeum or hypogaeum (/ˌhaɪpəˈdʒiːəm/ HY-pə-JEE-əm; plural hypogea or hypogaea; literally meaning "underground") is an underground temple or tomb.

Hypogea will often contain niches for cremated human remains or loculi for buried remains. Occasionally tombs of this type are referred to as built tombs.

The term hypogeum can also refer to any antique building or part of building built below ground such as the series of tunnels under the Colosseum which held slaves (particularly enemy captives) and animals while keeping them ready to fight in the gladiatorial games. The animals and slaves could be let up through trapdoors under the sand-covered arena at any time during a fight.
Charles Ruxton
Charles Ruxton (1726–1806) was an Irish MP and landowner in Ardee, County Louth.

A younger son of William Ruxton, he and his elder brother John Ruxton represented Ardee in the Irish House of Commons.

He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Robert Parkinson, who had also been an MP for Ardee. They inherited his estate of the Red House, Ardee, which on Ruxton's death passed to their son William Parkinson Ruxton.

Ardee
Ardee (/ˈɑːrdiː/; Irish: Baile Átha Fhirdhia, pronounced [ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈɪɾʲjiə]) is a town and townland in County Louth, Ireland. It is located at the intersection of the N2, N52, and N33 roads. The town shows evidence of development from the thirteenth century onward but as a result of the continued development of the town since then much of the fabric of the medieval town has been removed. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.

Ardee is on the banks of the River Dee and is equidistant between the county's two biggest towns - approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Dundalk and Drogheda, while it is also close to Slane and Carrickmacross.

In the 20 years between the 1996 and 2016 census, the population of Ardee increased by approximately 30%, from 3,791 to 4,928 inhabitants. By 2022, it had a population of 5,478.
John Hutton (priest)
John Hutton was an English priest in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Born in Sedgwick, he was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford. Hutton held livings at Hannington, Farthingstone and  Wappenham. He was Archdeacon of Stow from 1683 until his death on 29 April 1712.

The Queen's College, Oxford
The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Philippa of Hainault, queen of England. It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, primarily dating from the 18th century.

As of 2022, the college had an endowment of £327.8 million making it the fifth-wealthiest Oxford college (after Christ Church, Magdalen, St. John's, and All Souls).
Njaza Clan
Njaza Clan is among the many clans in the present day Buganda Kingdom.Njaza is a Luganda word meaning reedbuck which is a clan totem and a symbol of identity and ancestry. It is one of the five clans that are indigenous to Buganda before the coming of Kintu. The members of the five clans are referred to as the originals ( Bannansangwa ). The five other original clans were the Ffumbe, Ngeye, Lugave, and Nnyonyi Nnyange. They originated from Bunyoro and settled at Kiwawu in Busujju. From there, they moved and settled in the areas of Mabira Forest in Kyaggwe (currently Mukono District).

Kintu
Kintu is a mythological figure who appears in a creation myth of the people of Buganda, Uganda. According to this legend, Kintu was the first person on earth, and the first Muganda.

Kintu, meaning "thing" in Bantu languages, is also commonly attached to the name Muntu, the legendary figure who founded the Gisu and Bukusu tribes.
Wiener Kammeroper
Wiener Kammeroper is a chamber opera theatre and company in Vienna, Austria. Founded in 1948 by the conductor Hans Gabor, it was originally named Vienna Opera Studiom receiving its present name in 1953. It is located at 24 Fleischmarkt Street in the city centre. It has been managed by Theater an der Wien since 2012.

The Marriage (opera)
The Marriage (Czech: Ženitba) is a comic opera in 2 acts by Bohuslav Martinů, to the composer's own libretto, after the play of the same name by Nikolai Gogol. The opera was commissioned for television by the NBC, and the NBC Opera Theatre performed the work's world premiere on their television program NBC TV Opera Theatre for a national broadcast in the United States on 2 July 1953. The opera has subsequently been adapted for the stage and recorded on CD.