hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of electoral systems
This article discusses the methods and results of comparing different electoral systems. There are two broad methods to compare voting systems:

Metrics of voter satisfaction, either through simulation or survey.

Adherence to logical criteria.

Wasted vote
In electoral systems, a wasted vote is any vote cast that is not "used" to elect a winner, and so is not represented in the outcome. However, the term is vague and ill-defined, having been used to refer to a wide variety of unrelated concepts and metrics. The analysis depends on the way a "wasted vote" is defined.

Wasted votes seldom affect each party equally irrespective of the system that produces them. More wasted votes for one party and fewer for another create a chamber of elected members that is not proportional. Distortions produced by wasted votes work against the aim of fairly reflecting the wishes of the electorate. However, a system that produces wasted votes may prevent instability caused by many parties being elected to the legislature.
Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Detroit
The Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Detroit is one of the Metropolises of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America with 46 parishes. It was established in 1999, with its first and current bishop Metropolitan Nicholas.

The Metropolis of Detroit, oversees parishes in the states of Michigan, Arkansas, Kentucky, and parts of Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, and Upstate New York.

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
Onzy Matthews
Onzy Durrett Matthews, Jr. (January 15, 1930 – November 13, 1997) was an American jazz pianist, singer, arranger, composer, and television and movie actor.  He is best known for the big band arrangements done for the Lou Rawls albums Black and Blue and Tobacco Road, as well as arrangements for several of Ray Charles' 1960s releases.   He had his own big band for many years and recorded numerous tracks for Capitol Records, including two albums released under his own name.  He later had a close relationship with the Duke Ellington orchestra, working as a pianist, arranger and conductor through the late 1960s and 1970s.

Esther Phillips
Esther Phillips (born Esther Mae Washington; December 23, 1935 – August 7, 1984) was an American singer, best known for her R&B vocals. She rose to prominence in 1950, scoring several major R&B hits including "Double Crossing Blues" and "Mistrustin' Blues" under the moniker "Little Esther." In the 1960s, she achieved chart success with the country song "Release Me" and recorded in the pop, jazz, blues and soul genres. Phillips received four Grammy nominations, including for her album From a Whisper to a Scream in 1973, as well as for the album that featured her disco recording of "What a Diff'rence a Day Makes," which was a major hit in 1975. She died from liver and kidney failure due to long-term drug abuse in 1984.
Yorketown Airport
Yorketown Airport (IATA: ORR, ICAO: YYOR) is a regional, uncontrolled airport located in Yorketown on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. The airfield is run and operated by the Yorke Peninsula Council.

The airfield is used as an emergency landing strip for the RFDS service, but it is also open for public use.

Yorke Peninsula Council
The Yorke Peninsula Council is a local government area in South Australia. Its boundaries include most of the Yorke Peninsula. The main Council office is at Maitland; the council also maintains branch offices at Minlaton and Yorketown.
Fox squirrel
The fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), also known as the eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America. It is sometimes mistaken for the American red squirrel or eastern gray squirrel in areas where the species coexist, though they differ in size and coloration.The word Sciurus came from the ancient Greek words, ‘skia’ meaning shade and ‘oura’ meaning tail. Niger refers to the black coloration.

Sympatry
In biology, two closely related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter each other. An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation – which prevents hybrid offspring from being viable or able to reproduce, thereby reducing gene flow – that results in genetic divergence. Sympatric speciation may, but need not, arise through secondary contact, which refers to speciation or divergence in allopatry followed by range expansions leading to an area of sympatry. Sympatric species or taxa in secondary contact may or may not interbreed.
Šuoššjávri Chapel
Šuoššjávri Chapel (Northern Sami: Šuoššjávrri kapealla, Norwegian: Suosjavrre kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Karasjok Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Šuoššjávri. It is an annex chapel for the Karasjok parish which is part of the Indre Finnmark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The wooden church was built in a rectangular style in 1968 by the architect Ernst Nilsen. The church seats about 75 people and serves the rural western part of the municipality.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
SPL028
SPL028, or SPL-028, also known as α,α-dideutero-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (D2-DMT), is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family which is under development for the treatment of depressive disorders. It is the analogue of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in which the α carbon has been dideuterated. SPL028's route of administration is intravenous injection or intramuscular injection.

Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

Routes of administration are generally classified by the  location at which the substance is applied.  Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is.  Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but is delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Route of administration and dosage form are aspects of drug delivery.
Instituto Español Juan de la Cierva
Instituto Español Juan de la Cierva (Arabic: المعهد الإسباني خوان دي لا سیوفا بتطوان; French: Institut Espagnol Juan de la Cierva) is a Spanish international secondary school in Tétouan, Morocco. Operated by the Spanish Ministry of Education, as per Decree 3533/70 of 3 December it is a vocational school.

Juan de la Cierva
Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu, 1st Count of la Cierva ([ˈxwan de la ˈθjeɾβaj koðoɾˈni.u]; 21 September 1895 – 9 December 1936), was a Spanish civil engineer, pilot and a self-taught aeronautical engineer. His most famous accomplishment was the invention in 1920 of a rotorcraft called Autogiro, a single-rotor type of aircraft that came to be called autogyro in the English language. In 1923, after four years of experimentation, De la Cierva developed the articulated rotor, which resulted in the world's first successful flight of a stable rotary-wing aircraft, with his C.4 prototype.
Plaid Glyndŵr
Plaid Glyndŵr was first registered with the Electoral Commission as a minor political party on 12 November 2012. It is a Welsh nationalist and republican party that was based in Wrexham, Clwyd, Wales. Its leader was Dennis Morris. It aimed to contest local and the Welsh Assembly Elections in 2016.

The objectives of the party were:

Welsh independence outside of the European Union.

Oppose everything that suggests the destruction of Welsh identity.

The right for Wales to control its own natural resources.

Running in local, town and county elections.

In 2014 Morris launched a campaign to stop the Union Flag being flown more prominently than the Welsh flag on public buildings, particularly the Town Hall in Fishguard, Pembrokeshire.

In 2015 Plaid Glyndŵr launched an online petition to stop people from outside Wales being given social housing before local people.

Welsh republicanism
Welsh republicanism (Welsh: Gweriniaetholdeb Gymreig) or republicanism in Wales (Welsh: Gweriniaetholdeb yng Nghymru) is the political ideology that advocates for Wales to be governed by a republican system, as opposed to the monarchy of the United Kingdom.

Typically, this ideology is suggested as an element of forming an independent Wales, but can also be considered as part of reforming the political system of the United Kingdom, which could include introducing an elected official as head of state. It is not synonymous with Welsh independence, but one possible form of government, as Wales before English rule had native monarchies, and most of the prominent independence organisations do not explicitly support republicanism. While the Wales Green Party supports a republic and would support independence in a referendum.
Anabaseine
Anabaseine (3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,3′-bipyridine) is an alkaloid toxin produced by Nemertines worms and Aphaenogaster ants. It is structurally similar to nicotine and anabasine. Similarly, it has been shown to act as an agonist on most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
San Juan Islet
San Juan Islet (Spanish: Isleta de San Juan) is a 3-square-mile (7.8 km2) islet or small island on San Juan Bay in the Atlantic coast of northern Puerto Rico. Home to Old San Juan, it is the site of the oldest permanent European settlement in Puerto Rico (1521), and the second-oldest European settlement in the West Indies after Santo Domingo (1496). Due to its strategic location in the Caribbean during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, it is home to a city wall and a number of militaristic buildings such as El Morro Castle. Today, it is also home to many of Puerto Rico's government buildings such as the territory's capitol building (El Capitolio).

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
2022 FAI Women's Cup
The 2022 FAI Women's Cup (known as The EVOKE.ie FAI Women's Cup for sponsorship reasons) is the 47th edition of the Republic of Ireland's primary national knockout cup competition for women's association football teams. The ten Women's National League (WNL) teams entered the competition, as well as four non-league teams. The competition began on 9 July 2022 with the first round and concluded on 6 November 2022. The final was staged at the Tallaght Stadium in Dublin, which had also hosted the previous year's final.

The Cup holders Wexford Youths were eliminated at the semi-final stage.

FAI Women's Cup
The Football Association of Ireland Women's Cup is the senior cup competition for women's association football in Ireland. It is commonly known as the Women's FAI Cup, the WFAI Cup, or prior to 2001, the Ladies FAI Cup or the LFAI Cup. Organised by the Women's Football Association of Ireland, like the Women's National League, the Cup is currently sponsored by Sports Direct and is known as the Sports Direct Women's FAI Cup. Previous sponsors include EVOKE.ie, Continental Tyres, Umbro and Brother International.
Dominik Pagacz
Dominik Pagacz is a Canadian artist known mostly as an Emmy Award-winning motion picture supervising sound editor, sound effects editor, sound designer, sound re-recording mixer, actor and filmmaker.
He is a member of the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television and of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS) (U.S.A.).

He is also the founding member and artistic director of the experimental theatre  and film production company Segment 3.

Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), also colloquially known as the Television Academy, is a professional honorary organization dedicated to the advancement of the television industry in the United States. A 501(c)(6) non-profit organization founded in 1946, the organization presents the Primetime Emmy Awards, an annual ceremony honoring achievement in U.S. primetime television. The ATAS is a sister organization to the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, the other two bodies that present Emmy Awards to other sectors of television programming.
The Shoes of the Fisherman's Wife Are Some Jiveass Slippers
"The Shoes of the Fisherman's Wife Are Some Jive Ass Slippers" is a composition by Charles Mingus released on his 1972 album Let My Children Hear Music.  "The Shoes of the Fisherman's Wife", as it is sometimes referred to, is a rearrangement of the song "Once Upon a Time, There Was a Holding Corporation Called Old America," recorded on Mingus' 1965 live album Music Written For Monterey 1965. Not Heard... Played In Its Entirety At UCLA.

The main melody of "Shoes" follows an ascending chromatic chord pattern, presented in multiple separate tempos. Sy Johnson is credited with the orchestration, transcription and arrangement, as well conducting for the recording on Let My Children Hear Music.

Sy Johnson
Sivert Bertil Johnson Jr. (April 15, 1930 – July 26, 2022) was an American jazz composer, arranger, and pianist who worked with Charles Mingus in the 1960s and 1970s. He also worked with the Lee Konitz Nonet, among others. His work with Mingus is his best-known.
Branchial heart
Branchial hearts are accessory pumps that supplement the action of the systemic heart in a cephalopod's body. They are myogenic in nature. Branchial hearts are always in pairs located at the base of the gills. Each branchial heart consists of a single chamber. They pump blood through the gills via the afferent branchial veins. Since they only circulate venous blood, branchial hearts function under predominantly anaerobic conditions. Branchial hearts also appear to be involved in hemocyanin synthesis.

Each branchial heart is directly connected to a branchial heart appendage or pericardial gland. The action of the branchial hearts is necessary for the production of primary urine in these appendages via pressure filtration. Branchial hearts may have evolved from the pericardial glands of nautiloids, such as those still found in modern nautiluses.

Venous blood
Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral blood vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart.  Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and right to the left and right lungs respectively. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

Venous blood is typically colder than arterial blood, and has a lower oxygen content and pH. It also has lower concentrations of glucose and other nutrients and has higher concentrations of urea and other waste products. The difference in the oxygen content of arterial blood and venous blood is known as the arteriovenous oxygen difference.

Most medical laboratory tests are conducted on venous blood, with the exception of arterial blood gas tests. Venous blood is obtained for lab work by venipuncture (also called phlebotomy), or by finger prick for small quantities.
2002 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2002 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested at the 81st annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team champions of men's and women's Division I collegiate track and field in the United States.

This year's championships, the 21st event for both men and women, were held May 29 – June 1, 2002 at the Bernie Moore Track Stadium at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Hosts LSU won the men's title, the Tigers' fourth and first since 1990.

South Carolina won the women's title, the Gamecocks' first team championship.

Bernie Moore Track Stadium
The Bernie Moore Track Stadium is an outdoor track and field facility located on the campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA.  The facility, built in 1969, serves as the outdoor home of the LSU Tigers track and field team and the LSU Lady Tigers track and field team. The stadium has a seating capacity of 5,680. In 1971, the facility was renamed after former LSU football and track & field coach, Bernie Moore. Moore coached the LSU Track and Field teams for 18 years (1930–47) and led the Tigers to their first NCAA National Championship in 1933 as well as 12 SEC crowns.

In 2012, LSU's Bernie Moore Track Stadium was recognized as the 2012 Outdoor Track Facility of the Year by the American Sports Builders Association as part of its annual awards program for facilities built by ASBA members that best exemplify construction excellence.

Bernie Moore Track Stadium hosted the 1973 NCAA University Division Outdoor Track and Field Championships.
Whissenhunt OHV Trails
Whissenhunt OHV Trails is a system of trails suitable for all-terrain vehicles or ATV's, and offroad motorcycles (dirtbikes) located north of Atlanta, Georgia. All Full size trucks, Jeeps, and 4x4's are not permitted on these trails. This trail system is located in Dahlonega, Georgia in the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest. The system offers about 11 miles (18 km) of trails throughout different terrains through the forest. There is parking available, but very limited, as well as other facilities such as camping, a loading ramp, picnic tables, and public restrooms.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Henk Grim
Henk Grim (born 1 April 1962) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played for De Treffers, NEC, Den Bosch and AZ, as a forward. After retiring as a player, he worked as a scout, working at NEC between 1997 and 2012, rising to become head scout. He became head scout at De Treffers in 2015, combining that position with a role at German club FC St. Pauli.

AZ Alkmaar
Alkmaar Zaanstreek (Dutch: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr ˈzaːnstreːk]), better known internationally as AZ Alkmaar, or simply and most commonly as AZ (pronounced [aːˈzɛt]) in the Netherlands, is a Dutch professional football club from Alkmaar and the Zaan district. The club plays in the Eredivisie, the highest professional football league in the Netherlands.

AZ won the Eredivisie in 1980–81 and 2008–09. In 1981, they also reached the UEFA Cup final, which they lost to Ipswich Town. The team has won the KNVB Cup on four occasions, and one Johan Cruyff Shield.
Enemy Gold
Enemy Gold is a 1993 action adventure film starring Bruce Penhall, Mark Barriere, and Suzi Simpson. It was directed by Christian Drew Sidaris (Andy Sidaris's son, sometimes referred to simply as Drew Sidaris) and written by Wess Rahn and Sidaris. It is the ninth film in the  Triple B film series.

Andy Sidaris
Andrew William Sidaris (February 20, 1931 – March 7, 2007) was an American television and film director, producer, screenwriter. After a pioneering career directing televised sports beginning in the 1960s, Sidaris wrote and directed a successful series of action B-movies from 1985 to 1998—dubbed the "Bullets, Bombs, and Babes" series—that featured Playboy Playmates and Penthouse Pets in starring roles. In 2014, Paste magazine named one such picture, Hard Ticket to Hawaii, the best B-movie of all time.
David Mobley (footballer)
David Leslie Mobley (born 24 August 1948) was an English professional footballer who played as a full-back.

Later played for Mossley in August 1979 and scored the winning goal for Mossley against Crewe Alexandra in 1980 FA Cup before retiring in 1981.

Mossley A.F.C.
Mossley Association Football Club is a football club in Mossley, Greater Manchester, England. Nicknamed the Lilywhites after the white shirts adopted in 1912, they are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at Seel Park.
Superoperator
In physics, a superoperator is a linear operator acting on a vector space of linear operators.

Sometimes the term refers more specially to a completely positive map which also preserves or does not increase the trace of its argument. This specialized meaning is used extensively in the field of quantum computing, especially quantum programming, as they characterise mappings between density matrices.

The use of the super- prefix here is in no way related to its other use in mathematical physics. That is to say superoperators have no connection to supersymmetry and superalgebra which are extensions of the usual mathematical concepts defined by extending the ring of numbers to include Grassmann numbers. Since superoperators are themselves operators the use of the super- prefix is used to distinguish them from the operators upon which they act.

Trace (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the trace of a square matrix A, denoted tr(A), is the sum of the elements on its main diagonal, . It is only defined for a square matrix (n × n).

The trace of a matrix is the sum of its eigenvalues (counted with multiplicities). Also, tr(AB) = tr(BA) for any matrices A and B of the same size. Thus, similar matrices have the same trace. As a consequence, one can define the trace of a linear operator mapping a finite-dimensional vector space into itself, since all matrices describing such an operator with respect to a basis are similar.

The trace is related to the derivative of the determinant (see Jacobi's formula).