hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andreas Poach
Andreas Poach (c.1515 – April 2, 1585) was a German Lutheran theologian and Reformer.

Poach was born in Eilenburg.  In 1530 he was admitted to the University of Wittenberg. In 1538, he obtained his Master's and remained until 1541 at the University of Wittenberg. He was an editor of Luther's Table Talk, deacon at Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, archdeacon at Jena, pastor at Nordhausen, Erfurt, and Utenbach, and professor at Erfurt.

During the Second Antinomian Controversy, he took the Philippist position that since salvation is not through the law, the working of the law is not necessary in conversion; the Gospel alone being sufficient. The Gnesio-Lutherans considered him to be an antinomian because of this viewpoint. Ultimately, his views were rejected in the Formula of Concord in the fifth article, On the Law and the Gospel and in the sixth article, On the Third Use of the Law.  He died in Utenbach.

Eilenburg
Eilenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪ̯lənˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Jiłow, pronounced [ˈjiwɔf]) is a town in Germany. It lies in the district of Nordsachsen in Saxony, approximately 20 km northeast of the city of Leipzig.
West Ridge Mall
West Ridge Mall is an enclosed shopping mall in Topeka, Kansas. The mall has three open anchor stores: Dillard's, Furniture Mall of Kansas, JCPenney. (which is now closed as of September 2025.) There are two vacant anchors that were formerly Sears and Burlington. It is the third largest enclosed mall in the state of Kansas, behind Oak Park Mall in Overland Park and Towne East Square in Wichita.

Overland Park, Kansas
Overland Park (/ˈoʊvərlənd/ OH-vər-lənd) is a city located in Kansas, It is the largest city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States, and the second-most populous city in the state of Kansas.  It is one of four principal cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area and the most populous suburb of Kansas City, Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 197,238. It is also known for being one of the largest cities in the US that is a suburban city that uses the Kansas City street system.
Snow Nunataks
The Snow Nunataks (or Ashley Snow Nunataks) are a line of four widely separated nunataks on the coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica, trending east–west for 20 mi (32 km) southward of Case Island. They consist of volcanic outcrops that probably represent several small subglacial volcanoes. Most of the nunataks are mounds of pillow lava overlain by lapilli tuffs. However, two of them may be tuyas due to the existence of subaerially-chilled caprocks. The Snow Nunataks are uncertain in age but they probably formed in the Late Miocene or later.

The nunataks were discovered by the United States Antarctic Service (USAS) (1939–41) and named for Ashley C. Snow, aviation pilot on the expedition.

Pillow lava
Pillow lavas are lavas that contain characteristic pillow-shaped structures that are attributed to the extrusion of the lava underwater, or subaqueous extrusion. Pillow lavas in volcanic rock are characterized by thick sequences of discontinuous pillow-shaped masses, commonly up to one meter in diameter. They form the upper part of Layer 2 of normal oceanic crust.
G. Thalapathi
G. Thalapathi is an Indian Politician and was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) candidate from Sedapatti constituency in the 1996 election. And he contested the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election from the Madurai North  constituency as a DMK candidate.

Sedapatti Assembly constituency
Sedapatti was a state assembly constituency in Madurai district in Tamil Nadu. Elections and winners from this constituency are listed below. Elections were not held in the years 1957 and 1962.

In 2008, under a Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency Order, Sedapatti Assembly constituency was merged with Usilampatti Assembly constituency.
John Hewson (regicide)
Colonel John Hewson, also spelt Hughson (died 1662), was a shoemaker from London and religious Independent who fought for Parliament and the Commonwealth in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, reaching the rank of colonel. Considered one of Oliver Cromwell's most reliable supporters within the New Model Army, his unit played a prominent part in Pride's Purge of December 1648. Hewson signed the death warrant for the Execution of Charles I in January 1649, for which he reportedly sourced the headsman, while soldiers from his regiment provided security.

During the 1649 to 1660 Interregnum, he served as Governor of Dublin and MP for County Dublin until 1656. He then returned to England and was MP for Guildford before being elevated to Cromwell's Other House in 1658. As one of the surviving Regicides of Charles I, he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act after the 1660 Stuart Restoration. He went into exile in the Dutch Republic, and is thought to have died in Amsterdam in 1662.

Interregnum (England)
The Interregnum was the period between the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649 and the arrival of his son Charles II in London on 29 May 1660, which marked the start of the Restoration. During the Interregnum, England was under various forms of republican government.
Värnamo Municipality
Värnamo Municipality (Swedish: Värnamo kommun) is a municipality in Jönköping County in southern Sweden, where the town Värnamo is seat.

The municipality was created in 1971, when the City of Värnamo (itself instituted in 1920) was amalgamated with the surrounding rural municipalities to form an entity of unitary type. There are fourteen original units making up the present municipality.

Jönköping County
Jönköping County (Swedish: Jönköpings län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Halland, Västra Götaland, Östergötland, Kalmar and Kronoberg. The total county population was 356,291 inhabitants in September 2017. The capital and largest city is Jönköping. About one quarter of the total county population lives in the combined Jönköping-Huskvarna urban area around the southern point of Lake Vättern.
Kaly (Brno-Country District)
Kaly is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Kaly lies approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) north-west of Brno and 160 km (99 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Family over Everything
Family Over Everything is a compilation album by American record label and hip-hop group Only the Family, and its founder, American rapper Lil Durk. It was released on by the label alongside Alamo Records and Interscope Records on December 11, 2019. The album features guest appearances from Jusblow600, King Von, NLE Choppa, Polo G, Booka600, C3, G Herbo, Lil Tjay, MK, OTF Ikey, Doodie Lo, and Memo600. It peaked at number 93 on the Billboard 200 in the United States.

Polo G
Taurus Tremani Bartlett (born January 6, 1999), known professionally as Polo G, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He rose to prominence with his singles "Finer Things" and "Pop Out" (featuring Lil Tjay). His debut album Die a Legend (2019) peaked at number six on the US Billboard 200 and was certified double platinum by the RIAA, a feat matched by his two subsequent albums.

Bartlett's second studio album, The Goat (2020), peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and contained ten songs which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. His third studio album, Hall of Fame (2021), was met with continued success as it became Bartlett's first chart-topping album, also spawning his first number-one single, "Rapstar".
2023 in public domain
When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of creators whose works entered the public domain in 2023. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.

The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes
The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes is the final set of twelve (out of a total of fifty-six) Sherlock Holmes short stories by British writer Arthur Conan Doyle first published in the Strand Magazine between October 1921 and April 1927.
Kuehneola
Kuehneola is a genus of rust fungi in the family Phragmidiaceae. The widespread genus contains nine species.

The genus name of Kuehneola is in honour of Julius Gotthelf Kühn (1825–1910), who was a German academic and agronomist and he was one of the founders of Plant Pathology.

The genus was circumscribed by Paul Wilhelm Magnus in Bot. Centralbl. vol.74 on page 169 in 1898.

Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Professionals in the field are known as agronomists.
Timothy Harris (writer)
Timothy Hyde Harris (born July 21, 1946) is an American author, screenwriter and producer. He has been publishing works of fiction since the late 1960s and has been involved in filmmaking since the early 1980s. For his work in film, Harris has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay as well as an Annie Award for Writing in a Feature Production.

Annie Awards
The Annie Awards are accolades which the Los Angeles branch of the International Animated Film Association, ASIFA-Hollywood, has presented each year since 1972 to recognize excellence in animation shown in American cinema and television. Originally designed to celebrate lifetime or career contributions to animation, the award has been given to individual works since 1992, becoming the biggest awards ceremony in the United States for the animation industry.

Membership in ASIFA-Hollywood is divided into three main categories: General Member (for professionals), Patron (for enthusiasts of animation), and Student Member. Members in each category pay a fee to belong to the branch. Selected professional members of the branch are permitted to vote to decide the awards.

The 48th and 49th Annie Awards ceremonies were held virtually on April 16, 2021, and March 12, 2022, respectively, due to the then ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Market Street Historic District
Market Street Historic District can refer to:

Market Street Historic District (Salem, New Jersey), listed on the NRHP

Market Street Historic District (Corning, New York), NRHP

Market Street Historic District (Palmyra, New York), NRHP

Market Street Historic District (Potsdam, New York), NRHP

Market Street Row, in Poughkeepsie, New York, NRHP

Market Street Historic District (Salem, New Jersey)
The Market Street Historic District is a 166-acre (67 ha) historic district located along Market Street in the downtown area of the city of Salem in Salem County, New Jersey, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 10, 1975, for its significance in architecture, art, commerce, industry, military history, religion, social history, and transportation. The district includes 44 contributing buildings.
John George Barnston
John George Barnston (April 17, 1835 – December 22, 1883) was a lawyer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1872 to 1875.

He was born in Red River, the son of George Barnston, who was at that time employed with the Hudson's Bay Company. Barnston studied law at McGill University, articled with Sir John Rose and was called to the Lower Canada bar in 1856. In 1858, he came to British Columbia. Barnston was elected to the assembly in an 1872 by-election held after Cornelius Booth was named to the bench. He did not seek a second term in the 1875 provincial election. He later lived in Nanaimo. Barnston died in Victoria.

Sir John Rose, 1st Baronet
Sir John Rose, 1st Baronet PC GCMG QC (2 August 1820 – 24 August 1888) was a Scots-Quebecer politician. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Executive Council of the Province of Canada. After Confederation, he held the offices of Solicitor General of Canada, Minister of Public Works and Minister of Finance in the new federal government. In the United Kingdom, he held the offices of Receiver General of the Duchy of Cornwall and Privy Counsellor.

In 1872, he was created 1st Baronet Rose, of Montreal. His eldest son inherited the title and in 1909, his second son, Sir Charles Day Rose, was created 1st Baronet Rose of Hardwick House in his own right. His home from 1848, Rosemount, was in Montreal's Golden Square Mile. From 1872, he lived in England at Loseley Park.
Galactose oxidase
Galactose oxidase (D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase, D-galactose oxidase, beta-galactose oxidase; abbreviated GAO, GAOX, GOase; EC 1.1.3.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-galactose in some species of fungi.

Galactose oxidase belongs to the family of oxidoreductases. Copper ion is required as a cofactor for galactose oxidase. A remarkable feature of galactose oxidase is that it is a free radical enzyme. Its catalytic site contains a free radical ligand coordinating to the copper center. This free radical ligand is a covalently cross-linked cysteine and tyrosine side chains that is formed during post-translational modification.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Scytodes thoracica
Scytodes thoracica is a spitting spider, so called because it spits a venomous sticky silken substance over its prey. Its size ranges between 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in). The carapace is unusual in sloping upwards towards its rear end, whereas the abdomen slopes downwards.

As a member of family Scytodidae, it has six eyes instead of the eight spiders commonly have.

This particular spitting spider features the presence of silk glands in its cephalothorax. Besides the silk glands in its abdomen, the spider also has silk glands connected with its venom glands. In this way the spider has the ability to make venomous silk. Other arachnids may also have silk glands in their cephalothorax, such as the pseudoscorpions.

Spider vision
The eyes of spiders vary significantly in their structure, arrangement, and function. They usually have eight, each being a simple eye with a single lens rather than multiple units as in the compound eyes of insects. The specific arrangement and structure of the eyes is one of the features used in the identification and classification of different species, genera, and families. Most haplogynes have six eyes, although some have eight (Plectreuridae), four (e.g., Tetrablemma) or even two (most Caponiidae). In some cave species, there are no eyes at all (e.g. Stalita taenaria). Sometimes one pair of eyes is better developed than the rest. Several families of hunting spiders, such as jumping spiders and wolf spiders, have fair to excellent vision. The main pair of eyes in jumping spiders even sees in colour.
Sinop Province
Sinop Province (Turkish: Sinop ili) is a province of Turkey, along the Black Sea. It is located between 41 and 42 degrees North latitude and between 34 and 35 degrees East longitude. Its area is 5,717 km2, equivalent to 0.73% of Turkey's total area, and its population is 220,799 (2022). The borders total 475 km and consists of 300 km of land and 175 km seaside borders. Its adjacent provinces are Kastamonu on the west, Çorum on the south, and Samsun on the southeast.

The capital of Sinop Province is the coastal city Sinop. The city situated at Black Sea coast, Sinop was renowned for its picturesque harbors, the notable landmarks are Sinop Fortress and Sinop Fortress Prison.

34th meridian east
The meridian 34° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Turkey, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 34th meridian east forms a great circle with the 146th meridian west.
1988 Marlboro Cup (Los Angeles)
The 1988 Marlboro Cup was a four team soccer tournament hosted at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in August. The four teams competing were the League of Ireland XI, Club Universidad de Guadalajara, El Salvador and Guatemala. The League of Ireland XI lost their first game 3–0 against Club Universidad on August 5 with Mick Neville conceding an own goal. They then lost 1–0 to El Salvador in a third place play off two days later. The tournament was won by Guatemala who beat Club Universidad 3–2 in the final.

Own goal
An own goal occurs in sports when a player performs actions that result in scoring points for the opposition, such as when a footballer puts a ball into their own net.

In some parts of the world, the term has become a metaphor for any action that backfires on the person or group undertaking it, sometimes even carrying a sense of "poetic justice". During The Troubles, for instance, it acquired a specific metaphorical meaning in Belfast, referring to an IED (improvised explosive device) that detonated prematurely, killing the person making or handling the bomb with the intent to harm others.

A player trying to throw a game might deliberately attempt an own goal. Such players run the risk of being sanctioned or banned from further play.
Fuentes del Narcea, Degaña e Ibias Natural Park
Fuentes del Narcea, Degaña e Ibias Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Natural de las Fuentes del Narcea, Degaña e Ibias) is a natural park in the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain.  It protects a natural landscape at the sources of the rivers Narcea and Ibias.
It is located within the municipalities of Cangas del Narcea, Degaña and Ibias.
The park was designated in 2002 and incorporated the preexisting Muniellos biosphere reserve, which was extended in 2003.

Cantabrian brown bear
The Cantabrian brown bear, Iberian brown bear, or Iberian bear (formerly Ursus arctos pyrenaicus) is a population of Eurasian brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos) living in the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain.

In Spain, it is known as the oso pardo cantábrico and, more locally, in Asturias as osu. It is timid and will avoid human contact whenever possible. The Cantabrian brown bear can live for around 25–30 years in the wild.

The bear measures between 1.6 and 2 m (5.2 and 6.6 ft) in length, and between 0.90 and 1 m (3.0 and 3.3 ft) at shoulder height. On average, females weigh 85 kg (187 lb), but can reach a weight of 150 kg (330 lb). Males average 115 kg (254 lb), though they can weigh as much as 200 kg (440 lb).
Conacmella
Conacmella is a genus of minute, salt marsh snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks, or micromollusks, in the family Assimineidae. It has been found in Pacific islands such as the Japanese Ogasawara Islands.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
Stablecoin
A stablecoin is a type of cryptocurrency that aims to maintain a stable value relative to a specified asset, a pool or basket of assets. The specified asset might refer to fiat currency, commodity, or other cryptocurrencies. Despite the  name, stablecoins are not necessarily stable. Stablecoins rely on stabilization tools such as reserve assets or algorithms that match supply and demand to try to maintain a stable value.

Historically, multiple stablecoins have failed to maintain their value relative to the underlying assets. With a growing number of market transactions involving stablecoins, their issuance and usage are increasingly regulated by governments around the world.

Payment service provider
A payment service provider (PSP) is a third-party company that allows businesses to accept electronic payments, such as credit card and debit card payments. PSPs act as intermediaries between those who make payments, i.e. consumers, and those who accept them, i.e. retailers.

They will often provide merchant services and act as a payment gateway or payment processor for e-commerce and brick and mortar businesses.  They may also offer risk management services for card and bank based payments, transaction payment matching, digital wallets, reporting, fund remittance, currency exchange and fraud protection.  The PSP will typically provide software to integrate with e-commerce websites or point of sale systems.
1997 IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championships
The 1997 IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship was the 7th edition of the biennial IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship for 1:10 scale radio-controlled electric off-road buggies sanctioned by the International Federation of Model Auto Racing (IFMAR) to be run over two classes (2WD and 4WD) over seven days between 9 and 16 August 1997 with each class ran for three days.

The national sanctional body was the Remotely Operated Auto Racers (ROAR) the IFMAR member for North America.

International Federation of Model Auto Racing
The International Federation of Model Auto Racing (IFMAR) is the world governing body of professional radio controlled car racing.

The organization was created in 1979 by professional racer and RC model entrepreneur Ted Longshaw. At that time, many different governing bodies operated under their own rules throughout the world.  IFMAR was conceived as a way to bring the different, fragmented organizations under a single, governing body. IFMAR's constitution also promotes international friendship and sportsmanship.

Each of the member blocs organises the IFMAR World Championship event on behalf of IFMAR.

Masami Hirosaka is perhaps the world's most distinguished racer. He has a record of 14 IFMAR World Championships, followed by Lamberto Collari with 9 titles, all within a single category and in nitro powered cars.