hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portfolio Committee on Basic Education
The Portfolio Committee on Basic Education is a portfolio committee of the National Assembly of South Africa. It oversees the Department of Basic Education and related agencies, including Umalusi and the South African Council of Educators.

The committee was established in 2009 when the Ministry of Basic Education was established. Before then, its predecessor, the Portfolio Committee on Education, oversaw the Minister of Education, who was responsible for higher education as well as basic education.

Minister of Education (South Africa)
The minister of education was a minister in the Cabinet of South Africa responsible for overseeing the Department of Education, including South Africa's schools and universities.

On 10 May 2009 newly elected president Jacob Zuma split the education portfolio into that of the minister of basic education and that of the minister of higher education and training.
Decree Law 25418
Decree Law 25418 is a highly controversial Peruvian law decreed in April 1992 by then-President Alberto Fujimori. The decree essentially provided the legal trappings for the coup d'état of April 5, 1992.

The decree renamed the government, dissolved the Congress, gave the Executive Branch all legislative powers, suspended much of the Constitution, and gave the president the power to enact various reforms, such as the "application of drastic punishments" towards terrorists and the "moralization" of the Judicial Branch.

Although Decree Law 25418 was patently unconstitutional, its last article read "the articles of the Political Constitution and the legal norms that oppose this Decree Law are suspended," giving the decree theoretical supremacy over the Constitution. The Peruvian Congress rejected this claim and swore Máximo San Román, Fujimori's vice president, into the presidency, but San Roman did not gain control over the state apparatus and was never the de facto president.

Government of Peru
The Republic of Peru is a unitary state with a multi-party presidential system. The current government was established by the 1993 Constitution of Peru. The government is composed of three branches, being  executive, judicial, and legislative branches.
Church of the Holy Trinity (Rollingstone, Minnesota)
The Church of the Holy Trinity is a Roman Catholic church in Rollingstone, Minnesota, United States, built in 1869 and expanded in 1893.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and exploration/settlement.  It was nominated for its Gothic Revival architecture and central role in the religious, social, and—through its associated parochial school—academic life in a Luxembourg American community.

Luxembourgish Americans
Luxembourgish Americans  are Americans of Luxembourgish ancestry. According to the United States' 2000 census, there were 45,139 Americans of full or partial Luxembourgish descent. In 1940, the number of Americans with Luxembourgish ancestry was around 100,000.

The first families from Luxembourg arrived in the United States, around 1842, fleeing from the overpopulation and economic change in the newly independent country. They worked in the field, as was traditional in their country.

Luxembourger Americans are overwhelmingly concentrated in the Midwest, where most originally settled in the 19th century. In the 2000 census, the states with the largest self-reported Luxembourger American populations were Illinois (6,963), Wisconsin (6,580), Minnesota (5,867), Iowa (5,624), and California (2,824).
Ilhéu do Farol
Ilhéu do Farol (also: Ilhéu da Ponta de São Lourenço) is an uninhabited islet off the easternmost point of Madeira Island, Portugal. It is part of the municipality of Machico. The islet lies adjacent to the east of the larger Ilhéu da Cevada, which lies directly east of the rocky peninsula Ponta de São Lourenço. Its area is 11.5 ha (28 acres). The islet is 107 meters high. A lighthouse stands at the eastern extremity of the island. The islet is part of the protected area Reserva Natural da Ponta de São Lourenço.

Machico, Madeira
Machico (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐˈʃiku] ⓘ) is a municipality, parish and city in the southeast part of the island of Madeira, in the Autonomous Region of Madeira. The easternmost municipality on the island, it is also the third-most populous area with a population of 21,828 in 2011. The town, proper, had a population of 10,894 in 2001.
Marysville station (Kansas)
The Marysville station, nominated as the Marysville Union Pacific Depot, is a historic railroad depot building at 400 Hedrix Ave in Marysville, Kansas. The depot was at the junction of multiple lines of the Union Pacific Railroad with connections to St. Joseph, Topeka, Manahattan, Grand Island and other cities. In the 1920s, city leaders considered the 1880 wooden depot "deplorable" and pressured Union Pacific to provide a new depot. Gilbert Stanley Underwood drafted plans for a new depot based on the design of the depot in Gering, Nebraska. Construction began in August 1928 and was completed April 11, 1929 with a celebratory parade from the courthouse to the depot. The first trains began stopping the next day.

Passenger service to the depot ended in 1955, although passengers could ride in the caboose of a freight train for a few more years. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 11, 2016.

Grand Island, Nebraska
Grand Island is a city in and the county seat of Hall County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 53,131 at the 2020 census, making it the 4th most populous city in Nebraska. Grand Island is the principal city of the Grand Island metropolitan area, which consists of Hall, Merrick, and Howard counties. The Grand Island metropolitan area has an official population of 83,472 residents.

Grand Island has been given the All-America City Award four times (1955, 1967, 1981, and 1982) by the National Civic League.

Grand Island is home to the Nebraska Law Enforcement Training Center, which is the sole agency responsible for training law enforcement officers throughout the state, as well as the home of the Southern Power District serving southern Nebraska. Ammunition manufacturer Hornady is also located there.
John B. Minor
John Barbee Minor (June 2, 1813 – July 29, 1895) was an American jurist and professor of law. He practiced law in Virginia before teaching at the University of Virginia School of Law from 1845 to 1895.

University of Virginia School of Law
The University of Virginia School of Law (Virginia Law) is the law school of the University of Virginia, a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia.

The law school was founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1819 as part of his "academical village", now a UNESCO World Heritage site. Each class in the three-year J.D. programme contains approximately 300 students. The school also offers LL.M., and S.J.D. degrees in law and hosts visiting scholars, visiting researchers and a number of legal research centers.

Notable distinguished alumni include members of the U.S. Supreme Court, several of the Kennedy brothers, including Robert F. Kennedy, numerous members of both houses of U.S. Congress, twelve governors of Virginia, and judges on federal courts throughout the United States. The school has over 20,000 alumni in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and 64 foreign countries.
Girl (Paul Wall song)
"Girl" is the third single from Houston rapper Paul Wall's album The Peoples Champ. It samples the song "Oh Girl" by The Chi-Lites. It peaked at number 35 on Billboard Hot 100, making it his highest-charting solo single to date. The video of the single also featured comedian Katt Williams and actress Meagan Good.

Katt Williams
Micah "Katt" Williams (born September 2, 1971) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He played Money Mike in Friday After Next, was a recurring cast member on the first three seasons of Wild 'n Out, portrayed Bobby Shaw in My Wife and Kids, provided the voice of A Pimp Named Slickback in The Boondocks and Seamus in Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore, and portrayed Lord Have Mercy in Norbit.
Tony Burgess (footballer)
Anthony Burgess (born 13 February 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and West Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).

West Adelaide Football Club
West Adelaide Football Club is an Australian rules football club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Nicknamed the Bloods and commonly known as the Westies, the club's home base is Richmond Oval (currently known as Hisense Stadium under a sponsorship agreement). The Oval is located in Richmond, an inner-western suburb of Adelaide.

The club has won nine SANFL premierships, the most recent coming in 2015 – breaking a thirty-two-year premiership drought dating back to 1983; the second longest in the SANFL.
3rd (East Prussian) Cuirassiers "Count Wrangel"
The 3rd (East Prussian) Cuirassiers “Count Wrangel” were a heavy cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. Formed in 1717 as a dragoons unit, the regiment was reorganized as cuirassiers in 1818. The regiment fought in the Silesian Wars, the War of the Sixth Coalition, the Austro-Prussian War, the Franco-Prussian War and  World War I.

Dragoon
Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat with swords and firearms from horseback. While their use goes back to the late 16th century, dragoon regiments were established in most European armies during the 17th and early 18th centuries; they provided greater mobility than regular infantry but were far less expensive than cavalry.

The name reputedly derives from a type of firearm, called a dragon, which was a handgun version of a blunderbuss, carried by dragoons of the French Army. The title has been retained in modern times by a number of armoured or ceremonial mounted regiments.
Tyrrell 021
The Tyrrell 021 was a Formula One racing car designed by Mike Coughlan for Tyrrell Racing and raced during the 1993 season. The car was powered by a Yamaha V10 engine and was driven by Ukyo Katayama and Andrea de Cesaris. The car was unsuccessful with no points scored during the season. The 021 was replaced by the Harvey Postlethwaite designed 022 for the 1994 season.

Harvey Postlethwaite
Harvey Ernest Postlethwaite (4 March 1944 – 15 April 1999) was a British engineer and Technical Director of several Formula One teams during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. He died of a heart attack in Spain while supervising the testing of the aborted Honda F1 project.
Sayed Ali Bechir
Sayed Ali Bechir (Arabic: سيد علي البشير; born at 6 September 1982) is a former football player. Born in Mauritania, he represented the Qatar national team.

Bechir played for Qatar at the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship in New Zealand.
He played for the Qatari club Al-Arabi before playing for Al-Rayyan Sports club. He scored one of the unforgettable goals for Qatari fans against Iraq in the FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010 qualifiers which made Qatar complete the Qualifications till the last round.

1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship
The 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship, the eighth edition of the tournament, was held in the cities of Auckland, Christchurch, Napier, and Dunedin in New Zealand from 10 to 27 November 1999. Players born after 1 January 1982 could participate in this tournament. This was the first FIFA tournament to be held in the Pacific Islands country.
Thomas B. Considine
Thomas B. Considine is a former state managed care and financial services commissioner.  He is imm. past chief executive officer of the National Conference of Insurance Legislators (NCOIL) and the founder and managing partner of Gravilaur Solutions, LLC, a strategic consulting firm.

New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance
The New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance (DOBI) is one of 15 principal departments in New Jersey government. The department's mission is to regulate the banking, insurance and real estate industries in a professional and timely manner that protects and educates consumers and promotes the growth, financial stability and efficiency of these industries. The Commissioner of DOBI is Justin Zimmerman.

The department includes three divisions: Banking; Insurance; and the Real Estate Commission.
Joaquín Galvez Naranjo
Joaquín Rafael Gálvez Naranjo (10 May 1902 – c. 1976 or 1977) was a Chilean philatelist. In 1965, he was awarded the Crawford Medal by the Royal Philatelic Society London for his work Los primeros sellos de Chile 1853 a 1867. At the time it was published, this book was the first significant work on the philately of Chile since 1919. The book was reprinted by Postilion Publications in the 1990s with an errata sheet and a prologue by Álvaro Bonilla Lara.

At the España 75 stamp exhibition, Galvez Naranjo won the Grand Prix d'Honneur for his entry "Chile".

His collection was sold by Corinphila in Switzerland in 1979.

He was born in La Serena, Chile. His father, Isidoro Gálvez Esquivel, was a lawyer and civil servant.

Crawford Medal
See also Crawford Award for fantasy novels.
See also Max Crawford Medal Australian academic award.

The Crawford Medal is a vermeil medal awarded by the Royal Philatelic Society London for the most valuable and original contribution to the study and knowledge of philately published in book form during the relevant period.

The medal is named after James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford, who by the time of his death in 1913 had amassed the greatest philatelic library of his time.
Chrysothrix chamaecyparicola
Chrysothrix chamaecyparicola is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Chrysotrichaceae. Found in the eastern United States, it was formally described as a new species in 2010 by lichenologist James Lendemer. Initially thought to be a North American population of the lookalike Chrysothrix flavovirens, it is now recognized as a separate species due to its distinguishing characteristics. It is particularly noted for its strong affinity for the bark of Atlantic white cedar trees and its dominance in conifer swamps across eastern North America.

Chrysotrichaceae
Chrysotrichaceae is a family of lichenized fungi in the order Arthoniales. Member of this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical areas. "Chrysothrichaceae" and "Chrysothricaceae" are alternative spellings that have been used in some older publications; the latter was used by Alexander Zahlbruckner in the protologue publication. Both of these spellings are considered incorrect, and the current spelling has been formalised following a proposal for conservation of Chrysotrichaceae against Pulverariaceae (an earlier synonym).
Néron differential
In mathematics, a Néron differential, named after André Néron, is an almost canonical choice of 1-form on an elliptic curve or abelian variety defined over a local field or global field. The Néron differential behaves well on the Néron minimal models.

For an elliptic curve of the form

the Néron differential is

Global field
In mathematics, a global field is one of two types of fields (the other one is local fields) that are characterized using valuations. There are two kinds of global fields:

Algebraic number field: A finite extension of

Global function field: The function field of an irreducible algebraic curve over a finite field, equivalently, a finite extension of , the field of rational functions in one variable over the finite field with  elements.

An axiomatic characterization of these fields via valuation theory was given by Emil Artin and George Whaples in the 1940s.
2023–24 Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague
The 2023–24 Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague (or Favbet Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague due to sponsorship reasons) is the 2023–24 edition of the Ukrainian top-tier basketball championship. This is the second season that will be played despite the ongoing state of war in Ukraine and will be organised as "bubble" tournaments. Budivelnyk are the defending champions.

This season marked the debut season of BC Rivne.

BC Prometey will not take part in the league for the second consecutive season due to the FBU ban.

BC Budivelnyk
BC Budivelnyk Kyiv (in Ukrainian: Будівельник Київ) is a Ukrainian professional basketball club based in Kyiv. The club plays in the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague. In June 2018, it was forced to withdraw from the Superleague due to open debts. Two years later, the club returned its activities. The club holds a record eleven Ukrainian championships and three Ukrainian Cups, as well as a Soviet championship (1989).

Budivelnyk is owned and operated by the banking and investing company PrivatBank.
Bor, Niğde
Bor is a town in Niğde Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, 14 km (8.7 mi) to the southeast of the city of Niğde (very frequent busses run between the two), on a high plain (altitude 1,115 m (3,658 ft)). It is the seat of Bor District. Its population is 41,999 (2022).

The area is situated just north of the Taurus Mountains, not far from the Cilician Gates (Gülek Boğazı), the mountain pass leading to Cilicia and Syria, and has long been a place of commercial and military importance.

Tyana
Tyana, earlier known as Tuwana during the Iron Age, and Tūwanuwa during the Bronze Age, was an ancient city in the Anatolian region of Cappadocia, in modern Kemerhisar, Niğde Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey.

It was the capital of a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite kingdom in the 1st millennium BC.
WDAM-TV
WDAM-TV (channel 7) is a television station licensed to Laurel, Mississippi, United States, serving the Hattiesburg area as an affiliate of NBC and ABC. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power Telemundo affiliate WLHA-LD (channel 18). The two stations share studios on US 11 in unincorporated Moselle in southern Jones County, where WDAM-TV's transmitter is also located.

U.S. Route 11 in Mississippi
U.S. Highway 11 (US 11) is a major north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Rouses Point, New York. In Mississippi, US 11 runs for approximately 170 miles (270 km) from near Nicholson to Cuba, Alabama. The Mississippi section of US 11 is defined in Mississippi Code Annotated § 65-3-3.
John J. Zhang
John Jin Zhang (Chinese: 张进; pinyin: Zhāng Jìn) is a medical scientist who has made contributions in fertility research, and particularly in in vitro fertilization. He made headlines in September 2016 for successfully producing the world's first three-parent baby using the spindle transfer technique of mitochondrial replacement. Having obtained an M.D. from Zhejiang University School of Medicine, an M.Sc. from University of Birmingham, and a Ph.D. from University of Cambridge, he became the founder-director of New Hope Fertility Center in New York, USA.

Fertility
Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime. In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. In general, infertility or subfertility in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The antithesis of fertility is infertility, while the antithesis of fecundity is sterility.
Pteria, Kastoria
Pteria (Greek: Πτεριά, before 1926: Άνω Παπράτσκο – Ano Papratsko) is a village and a community in Kastoria Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece. The community consists of the villages Pteria, Kato Pteria and Akontio.

The 1920 Greek census recorded 454 people in the village, and 450 inhabitants (60 families) were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Papratsko were from Pontus (50) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 294 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 49 (194 people).

In 1945, Greek Foreign Minister Ioannis Politis ordered the compilation of demographic data regarding the Prefecture of Kastoria. The village had a total of 511 inhabitants, and was populated by 91 Slavophones without a Bulgarian national consciousness.

Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia
Slavic speakers are a minority population in the northern Greek region of Macedonia, who are mostly concentrated in certain parts of the peripheries of West and Central Macedonia, adjacent to the territory of the state of North Macedonia. Their dialects are called today "Slavic" in Greece, while generally they are considered Macedonian. Some members have formed their own emigrant communities in neighbouring countries, as well as further abroad.
Count of Arraiolos
Count of Arraiolos (in Portuguese Conde de Arraiolos) is a Portuguese title granted, in 1377 by King Fernando I of Portugal, to Dom Álvaro Pires de Castro, a Galician noble, brother of Inês de Castro (King Pedro I of Portugal 2nd wife). Álvaro Pires de Castro was already Count of Viana (da Foz do Lima) when he received this new title.

Following Álvaro's death, King John I of Portugal gave this County to his Constable, Nuno Álvares Pereira in 1387, who ceded it, in 1422, to his grandson, Fernando of Braganza.

The title of Count of Arraiolos became a subsidiary title of the House of Braganza when Fernando became 2nd Duke of Braganza (1461).

Ferdinand I of Portugal
Ferdinand I (Portuguese: Fernando; 31 October 1345 – 22 October 1383), sometimes called the Handsome (o Formoso) or occasionally the Inconstant (o Inconstante), was the King of Portugal from 1367 until his death in 1383. He was also briefly made King of Galicia, in 1369 (a claim which he would maintain until 1373). Facing a lack of legitimate male heirs, his death led to the 1383–85 crisis, also known as the Portuguese interregnum.
Dorothy Ludwig
Dorothy Ludwig (born January 16, 1979) is a Canadian shooter from Renfrew, Ontario. She currently resides in Langley, British Columbia. Ludwig first won a bronze medal in pairs shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. In 2011, she won Canada's second gold medal at the Pan American Games in Guadalajara, claiming a spot on the 2012 Olympic team.  At the 2012 Olympics, she finished in 34th place in 10 m air pistol.

Langley, British Columbia (city)
The City of Langley, commonly referred to as Langley City, or just Langley, is a municipality in the Metro Vancouver Regional District in British Columbia, Canada. It lies directly east of Surrey, adjacent to the Cloverdale area, and is surrounded elsewhere by the Township of Langley, bordered by its neighbourhoods of Willowbrook to the north, Murrayville to the east, and Brookswood and Fern Ridge to the south.