hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Petrignano, Castiglione del Lago
Petrignano is a frazione of the comune of Castiglione del Lago in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 338 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001, it had 243 inhabitants.

Churches in Petrignano

Sant'Ansano

Santa Margherita da Cortona (Località Giorgi)

Castiglione del Lago
Castiglione del Lago is a town in the province of Perugia of Umbria (central Italy), on the southwest corner of Lake Trasimeno.  Orvieto is 59 km (37 mi) south, Chiusi is 21 km (13 mi) to the south west, Arezzo is 56 km (35 mi) to the north west, Cortona is 21 km (13 mi) to the north, and Perugia is 47 km (29 mi) to the south east.
Kenneth Arthur Davies
Kenneth Arthur Davies CMG OBE was a British geologist, director of the geological survey of Uganda, and recipient of the Murchison Medal of the Geological Society of London. He served as the 13th president of the Uganda Society from 1944–1945.

The Uganda Society
The Uganda Society is a cultural, and scientific society in Uganda that was founded in 1923. The society was established to promote the study of Uganda's history, culture, and natural history.

The society has a library and archives that contain information on Uganda's history, culture, and natural history. The society also publishes a journal, The Uganda Journal.
Coequalizer
In category theory, a coequalizer (or coequaliser) is a generalization of the quotient of a set by an equivalence relation to objects in an arbitrary category. It is the categorical construction dual to the equalizer.

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Merremia hirta
Merremia hirta is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, native to India, southern China, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and Queensland. A twining herb, it is typically found in well-lit situations; grasslands, farm fields, roadsides, thickets, and forest edges, from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Gaucho Serenade
Gaucho Serenade is a 1940 American Western film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, and June Storey. Written by Betty Burbridge and Bradford Ropes, the film is about a singing cowboy who goes up against a group of businessmen who plot to kidnap the son of a former partner so he won't testify against them.

Bradford Ropes
Bradford Ropes (January 1, 1905 – November 21, 1966) was an American novelist and screenwriter whose work includes the novel 42nd Street that was adapted into the 1933 film of the same name, which then became a 
Tony Award-winning stage musical. The same year, his next novel, Stage Mother, was also adapted to film, Ropes’s novels were inspired by his own experiences as a performer, and focused on the lives of gay men in show business. He also wrote many Western stories, screenplays for Roy Rogers and Rex Allen, and contributed to films starring Abbott and Costello as well as Laurel and Hardy.

Ropes wrote in 1932 that America was still waiting for the "Uncle Tom's Cabin of the chorus girl."

Born in Boston, Ropes died in the Wollaston section of Quincy, Massachusetts at the age of 61.
1925 Latvian presidential election
The 1925 presidential elections in Latvia took place on November 6, 1925 over a two parliamentary period. In the elections with three candidates, Jānis Čakste was re-elected as the President of Latvia.

Jānis Čakste
Jānis Kristaps Čakste (Russian: Ива́н Христофо́рович Ча́ксте; 14 September 1859 – 14 March 1927) was a Latvian politician and lawyer who served as the first head of an independent Latvian state as the Chairman of the People's Council (1918–1920), the Speaker of the Constitutional Assembly (1920–1922), and as the first President of Latvia (1922–1927).
Klim Prykhodko
Klim Hennadiyovych Prykhodko (Ukrainian: Клім Геннадійович Приходько; born 9 February 2000) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Livyi Bereh Kyiv, on loan from Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih.

FC Livyi Bereh Kyiv
Football Club Livyi Bereh Kyiv (Ukrainian: Футбольний клуб «Лівий берег» Київ) is a Ukrainian professional football club from Kyiv Oblast. The club is based at the Kyiv's Osokorky neighborhood located at the left-bank of Dnipro. It hosts its games in the Kyiv's suburb of Hnidyn (Zolochivska rural hromada), just outside of the city limits. In June 2021, the club was admitted to the Second League. In the 2025–26 season, the team played in the Ukrainian First League after relegation from Premier League.
Polyvalente Nicolas-Gatineau
Polyvalente Nicolas-Gatineau is public secondary school located in Gatineau, Quebec. The school is located at the corner of Boulevards Labrosse and La Vérendrye in the city's east end. It is run by the Centre de service scolaire des Draveurs school board in Gatineau. The Nicolas-Gatineau school is the largest in the city of Gatineau and the second largest in Quebec, enrolling about 3,000 students every year from Secondary 1 to 5.

Gatineau
Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-in-oh; French: [ɡatino] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041. Gatineau is also part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area with a population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth largest in Canada.

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.

It is also the most bilingual (French-English) city in Canada.
Butana and Kenana cattle
Butana and Kenana breeds are part of the shorthorned Zebu group of breeds of eastern Africa.  What makes them unusual is that they are dairy breeds, unlike other breeds like the Boran, Baggara, Fung, etc.  The Butana breed is found to the east of Khartoum in central Sudan, in the Butana region.  The Atbarah Research Station of the Sudanese Department of Agriculture in Atbarah has a special mission for preserving and improving the Butana breed.  The Kenana breed is found just south of Butana, mainly in the region between the Blue Nile and the White Nile.

Blue Nile
The Blue Nile is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It travels for approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) through Ethiopia and Sudan. Along with the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile and supplies about 85.6% of the water to the Nile during the rainy season.
Extended negative binomial distribution
In probability and statistics the extended negative binomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution extending the negative binomial distribution. It is a truncated version of the negative binomial distribution for which estimation methods have been studied.

In the context of actuarial science, the distribution appeared in its general form in a paper by K. Hess, A. Liewald and K.D. Schmidt when they characterized all distributions for which the extended Panjer recursion works. For the case m = 1, the distribution was already discussed by Willmot and put into a parametrized family with the logarithmic distribution and the negative binomial distribution by H.U. Gerber.

Panjer recursion
The Panjer recursion is an algorithm to compute the probability distribution approximation of a compound random variable

where both  and  are random variables and of special types. In more general cases the distribution of S is a compound distribution. The recursion for the special cases considered was introduced in a paper  by Harry Panjer (Distinguished Emeritus Professor, University of Waterloo). It is heavily used in actuarial science (see also systemic risk).
Tian Houwei
Tian Houwei (Chinese: 田厚威; pinyin: Tián Hòuwēi; born 11 January 1992) is a badminton player from China. He was the 2009 World and Asian Junior Champions in the boys' singles event. Tian was part of the Chinese national team that won the silver medals at the 2013 Summer Universiade and 2014 Asian Games.

2009 Badminton Asia Junior Championships
The 2009 Asian Junior Badminton Championships is an Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. This tournament were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 12–19 July.
Brazil at the World Athletics Championships
Brazil has participated in all the World Championships in Athletics since the beginning in 1983. Brazil is 47th on the all time medal table. Brazil's first World Championships medal was a bronze medal won by Joaquim Cruz in the Men's 800 metres in 1983. Fabiana Murer won Brazil's first gold medal and the first woman's medal in the pole vault in 2011. Alison dos Santos was the first man to win a gold medal in the 400 metres hurdles in 2022. Caio Bonfim has the most medals with four (one gold, one silver and two bronze).

Joaquim Cruz
Joaquim Carvalho Cruz (born 12 March 1963) is a Brazilian former middle-distance runner, winner of the 800 meters at the 1984 Summer Olympics.  He is one of only ten men, and in August 1984 became the second man, to run the 800 metres in less than 1 minute 42 seconds.
Orgeyevsky Uyezd
Orgeyevsky County (Russian: Оргеевский уезд, romanized: Orgeyevsky Uyezd) was an uezd, one of the subdivisions of the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Orhei.

Uezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd or uiezd; Russian: уе́зд (pre-1918: уѣздъ), IPA: [ʊˈjest]), or povit in a Ukrainian context (Ukrainian: повіт), was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian SFSR, and the early Soviet Union, which was in use from the 13th century. For most of Russian history, uezds were a second-level administrative division. By sense, but not by etymology, uezd approximately corresponds to the English "county".
Santa Sofia a Via Boccea
Santa Sofia a Via Boccea (Ukrainian: Собор святої Софії, romanized: Sobor svyatoi Sofiy) is a church in Rome, Italy. It is dedicated to Holy Wisdom ("Sancta Sophia" in Latin), one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. It served as the mother church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church while St. George's Cathedral in Lviv was controlled by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Holy Wisdom
Holy Wisdom (Ancient Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, romanized: Hagia Sophia, Latin: Sancta Sapientia) is a concept in Christian theology.

Christian theology received the Old Testament personification of  Wisdom (Hebrew Chokmah) as well as the concept of Wisdom (Sophia) from Greek philosophy, especially Platonism. In Christology, Christ the Logos as God the Son was identified with Divine Wisdom from earliest times.

There has also been a minority position which identified Wisdom with the Holy Spirit instead. Furthermore, in mystical interpretations forwarded in Russian Orthodoxy, known as Sophiology,  Holy Wisdom as a feminine principle came to be identified with the Theotokos (Mother of God) rather than with Christ himself. Similar interpretations were proposed in feminist theology as part of the "God and Gender" debate in the 1990s.
2025 Hawaii Bowl
The 2025 Hawaii Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 24, 2025, at Clarence T. C. Ching Athletics Complex in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was the 22nd annual Hawaii Bowl. The game began at approximately 3:00 p.m. HST and aired on ESPN. The Hawaii Bowl was one of the 2025–26 bowl games concluding the 2025 FBS football season. For the first time since 2013, the game was sponsored by Sheraton Hotels and Resorts, and was officially known as the Sheraton Hawaii Bowl.

The game featured the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors (8–4) from the Mountain West Conference and the California Golden Bears (7–5) from the Atlantic Coast Conference.  Hawaii beat California, 35–31.

2025 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team
The 2025 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (Hawaiʻi or UH) in the Mountain West Conference (MW) during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Rainbow Warriors were led by Timmy Chang in his fourth year as the program's head coach. The Rainbow Warriors played home games at the Clarence T. C. Ching Athletics Complex, located in Honolulu, Hawaii.

After a win over Colorado State on October 18, the Rainbow Warriors became bowl eligible for the first time since 2019. The team was bowl eligible in 2020 and 2021 only due to COVID-19-related eligibility reasons. After a win at home over San Diego State on November 8, the Rainbow Warriors secured their first winning season since 2020.

Hawaiʻi had been a single-sport MW member since 2012, and the 2025 season was its last as such. UH will become a full MW member in July 2026.
Antiphemus
Antiphemus (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίφημος) was a man from ancient Greece from Rhodes who was the founder of Gela, around 690 BCE. The colony was composed of Rhodians and Cretans, the latter led by Entimus the Cretan, the former chiefly from Lindus, and to this town Antiphemus himself belonged.

From the Etymologicum Magnum and Aristaenetus in Stephanus of Byzantium it appears the tale ran that Antiphemus and his brother Lacius, the founder of Phaselis, were, when at Delphi, suddenly bid to go forth, one eastward, one westward; and from his laughing at the unexpected response, the city took its name. From Pausanias we hear of his taking the Sicanian town of Omphace as an oikistes, and carrying off from it a statue made by the legendary Daedalus.

The 19th century scholar Karl Otfried Müller considered Antiphemus a mythical person.

Phaselis
Phaselis (Ancient Greek: Φασηλίς) or Faselis (Turkish: Faselis) was a Greek and Roman city on the coast of ancient Lycia. Its ruins are located north of the modern town Tekirova in the Kemer district of Antalya Province in Turkey. It lies between the Bey Mountains and the forests of Olympos National Park, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the tourist town of Kemer and on the 57th kilometre of the Antalya–Kumluca highway. Phaselis and other ancient towns around the shore can also be accessed from the sea by daily yacht tours.
Alexandro-Nevsky (inhabited locality)
Alexandro-Nevsky (Russian: Александро-Невский; masculine), Alexandro-Nevskaya (Александро-Невская; feminine), or Alexandro-Nevskoye (Александро-Невское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Alexandro-Nevsky, Ryazan Oblast, a work settlement in Alexandro-Nevsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Rural localities

Alexandro-Nevsky, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a settlement in Balkansky Selsoviet of Nagaybaksky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast

Alexandro-Nevsky, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Bagansky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Alexandro-Nevskoye, Republic of Dagestan, a selo in Tarumovsky District of the Republic of Dagestan

Alexandro-Nevskoye, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Ubinsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Nagaybaksky District
Nagaybaksky District (Russian: Нагайба́кский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,022 square kilometers (1,167 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Fershampenuaz. Population: 20,927 (2010 Census); 24,310 (2002 Census); 25,959 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Fershampenuaz accounts for 20.9% of the district's total population.
Judgment proof
In the context of contract law, debt collection and civil litigation, the term judgment proof is commonly used to refer to defendants or potential defendants who are financially insolvent, or whose income and assets cannot be obtained in satisfaction of a judgment.

Being "judgment proof" is not a defense to a lawsuit.  If sued, the defendant cannot claim being "judgment proof" as an affirmative defense. The term "judgment proof" instead refers to the inability of the judgment holder to obtain satisfaction of the judgment.

If a plaintiff were to secure a legal judgment against an insolvent defendant, the defendant's lack of funds would make the satisfaction of that judgment difficult, if not impossible, to secure.

Debt collection
Debt collection or cash collection is the process of pursuing payments of money or other agreed-upon value owed to a creditor. The debtors may be individuals or businesses. An organization that specializes in debt collection is known as a collection agency or debt collector. Most collection agencies operate as agents of creditors. They collect debts for a fee or percentage of the total amount owed. Historically, debtors could face debt slavery, debtor's prison, or coercive collection methods. In the 21st century in many countries, legislation regulates debt collectors, and limits harassment and practices deemed unfair.
Sylvi Bratten
Sylvi Annie Bratten (born 17 June 1973 in Tromsø) is a Norwegian politician representing the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Troms during the term 1993–1997. She later enrolled at the University of Oslo to study political science and Arabic language.

Bratten started her political career as a secretary and advisor for the Socialist Left Party parliamentary group, and was deputy leader of the party chapter in Oslo. By fall 2005 she was a consultant at Hill & Knowlton's Oslo office. In January 2006 she was appointed political advisor to the Minister of Finance.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Phosphatrioxa-adamantane
Phosphatrioxa-adamantane is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a precursor to bulky phosphine ligands. Abbreviated CgPH (for cage phosphine), it is a white solid.

The compound is prepared by the condensation of two equivalents of acetylacetone and phosphine:

PH3  +  2 CH3C(O)CH2C(O)CH3   →   HP(CH3CCH2CCH3)2O3  +  H2O

The condensation is sometimes called the Buckler–Epstein reaction.  Many diketones can be employed in place of acetylacetone.  The P-H bond can be further derivatized, leading to a range of tertiary phosphines of potential value in homogeneous catalysis.

Metal-phosphine complex
A metal-phosphine complex is a coordination complex containing one or more phosphine ligands.  Almost always, the phosphine is an organophosphine of the type R3P (R = alkyl, aryl).  Metal phosphine complexes are useful in homogeneous catalysis. Prominent examples of metal phosphine complexes include Wilkinson's catalyst (Rh(PPh3)3Cl), Grubbs' catalyst, and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).
Boston University School of Law
The Boston University School of Law (BU Law) is the law school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston. Established in 1872, it is the third-oldest law school in New England, after Harvard Law School and Yale Law School. Approximately 630 students are enrolled in the full-time J.D. degree program (approximately 210 per class) and about 350 in the school's five LLM degree programs. BU Law was one of the first law schools in the country to admit students to study law regardless of race or gender.

Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. Depending on the country, legal system, or desired qualifications, the coursework is undertaken at undergraduate, graduate, or both levels.
1987 CAA men's basketball tournament
The 1987 Colonial Athletic Association men's basketball tournament was held February 28–March 2, 1987 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia.

Navy defeated UNC Wilmington in the championship game, 53–50, to win their third consecutive CAA/ECAC South men's basketball tournament. The Midshipmen, therefore, earned an automatic bid to the 1987 NCAA tournament.

Hampton Coliseum
Hampton Coliseum is a multi-purpose arena in Hampton, Virginia. Construction began on May 24, 1968. The venue held its first event on December 1, 1969, with the nearby College of William & Mary playing North Carolina State University in a college men's basketball game. On January 31, 1970, the Coliseum formally opened as the first large multi-purpose arena in the Hampton Roads region and the state of Virginia (opening a year before the Norfolk Scope in Norfolk.)

With a final estimated cost between $8.5 million to $9 million, the arena was designed by Odell Associates and constructed by McDevitt and Street, of Charlotte, North Carolina. The venue capacity is configurable from 9,800 to 13,800 seats. Fans of the Grateful Dead and Phish have nicknamed the building The Mothership, a term coined by The Virginian-Pilot reporter John Colt in a 1981 Grateful Dead concert review.
Acleris crataegi
Acleris crataegi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in South Korea, China (Hunan, Heilongjiang), Japan and Russia (Amur).

The wingspan is about 15 mm.

The larvae feed on Crataegus pinnatifida.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.