hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Freemasonry in Croatia
Freemasonry in Croatia (Croatian: Slobodno zidarstvo u Hrvatskoj) may be traced to the second half of the 18th century when it was introduced by the officers that came back from the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). However, the fraternity has been repeatedly banned and re-founded since then.

Varaždin
Varaždin (pronounced [ˈʋâraʒdiːn] or [ʋaˈrǎʒdin]; Hungarian: Varasd, also known by alternative names) is a city in Northern Croatia, 81 km (50 mi) north-east of Zagreb. The total population is 46,946, with 38,839 in the city settlement itself (2011).

The city is best known for its baroque buildings, music, textile, food and IT industry.
Abueva
Abueva is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Calvin Abueva (born 1988), Filipino basketball player

José Abueva (1928–2021), Filipino political scientist and scholar

Napoleon Abueva (1930–2018), National Artist of the Philippines

Napoleon Abueva
Napoleon "Billy" Veloso Abueva (January 26, 1930 – February 16, 2018) was known as the "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture" Through Proclamation No. 1539. He was proclaimed National Artist for Sculpture in 1976 when he was 46, making him the youngest recipient of the award to date.
Samdur Sarang
Samdur Sarang (died 2010) was a Marathi lyricist, composer, and singer of Bheem Geet, songs dedicated to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.    He wrote and composed many Bheem Geet including maha baap mhante baap and maya Bhimana maay sonya bharli oTi.

Samdur Sarang was born as Ramdas Maroti Samdur at a village Golegaon near Shegaon in Buldhana district.  Inspired by Dr. Ambedkar's conversion to Buddhism and the 22 vows, he rejected his first and middle names that were derived from Hindu mythology and added a name Sarang, a name of his friend, to his name.

Samdur Sarang died in 2010 at Aurangabad.

Buldhana district
Buldhana district (Marathi pronunciation: [bulɖʰaːɳa]) is located in the Amravati division of Maharashtra, India.
It is situated at the western border of Vidarbha region and is 500 km away from the state capital, Mumbai. The district has towns and cities like Deulghat, Dhad, Mehakar, Shegaon, Malkapur, Khamgaon, Lonar and Chikhli. It is surrounded by Madhya Pradesh in the north, Akola, Washim, and Amravati districts on the east, Jalna district on the south, and Jalgaon and Aurangabad districts on the west. Khamgaon is the largest city in the district.

Buldhana district holds religious significance as it is the site of the Shri Gajanan Maharaj Temple, Shegaon. Lonarkar Top (about 923 meters) is highest altitude in Buldhana District placed in Ambabarwa Wildlife Sanctuary.
HMS Horatio
At least two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS or HMT Horatio:

HMS Horatio (1807) was a 38-gun fifth-rate Lively-class frigate launched in 1807 and eventually broken up in 1861.

HMT Horatio (T153) was a Shakespearian-class naval trawler launched in 1940 that was torpedoed and sunk on 7 January 1943.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Micronet 800
Micronet 800 was a provider of information and communication services hosted on Prestel, a British videotex service, from 1983 to 1991. It targeted the UK home computer market and operated as an online, subscription-based magazine and database. Subscribers also received Log On, a print quarterly.

Micronet 800 offered computer-related news, reviews of hardware, software, and video games, access to turn-based and real-time multiplayer games (MUDs), downloadable telesoftware, chatrooms and bulletin boards, business and personal finance advice, and email, telex, and other forms of messaging. In addition, a group, club, or individual could rent space on the database.

A subscriber connected to Micronet 800 via the Prestel network using an ordinary telephone line (typically at local call rates) and a microcomputer equipped with a modem. If their microcomputer had not been set up to access Micronet's home page automatically, they entered *800# to do so.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Ivan Golac
Ivan Golac (Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Голац, pronounced [ǐvan gô:lats]; born 15 June 1950) is a Serbian and Yugoslav former professional football player and manager.

A Yugoslav international right-back, he is best known as a player and manager of FK Partizan, of Belgrade. In England he is remembered as one of Southampton's first foreign imports and as a Scottish Cup-winning manager with Dundee United.

Yugoslavia national football team
The Yugoslavia national football team represented Yugoslavia in international association football.

Although the team mainly represented the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the post-war SFR Yugoslavia, various iterations of the state were formally constituted in football, including the:

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)

Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1945)

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1945)

Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)

It enjoyed success in international competition, reaching the semi-finals at the 1930 and 1962 FIFA World Cups. In 1992, during the Yugoslav wars, the team was suspended from international competition as part of the United Nations sanctions on Yugoslavia.
2019 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The 2019 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf ice stadium in Heerenveen from Friday 28 December 2018 to Sunday 30 December 2018. Although the tournament was held in 2018 it was the 2019 edition as it was part of the 2018–2019 speed skating season.

Thialf
Thialf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtijɑlf]) is an ice arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands. Thialf is used for long track speed skating, short track speed skating, ice hockey, figure skating, ice speedway, and non-sporting events. The outdoor rink was opened in 1967, and the indoor stadium was opened in 1986. Several world records have been set in the indoor stadium.

Annually, Thialf hosts two Speed Skating World Cup events. Jan de Jong was the ice rink master at Thialf for many years.
State Council of Joseon
The State Council of Joseon or Ŭijŏngbu was the highest organ of government under the Joseon Dynasty of Korea.  It was led by three officials known as the High State Councillors.  The Councilors were entrusted to deliberate over key problems of state, advising the king, and conveying royal decisions to the Six Ministries.

The council was formed under the reign of Jeongjong, just before Taejong seized power in 1400.  It replaced an earlier institution called the "Privy Council," which had been dominated by Chŏng Tojŏn and other key figures behind the dynasty's founding. The State Council gradually declined in importance over the 500 years of Joseon's rule. Finally, the council was replaced by the cabinet in 1907, forced by Japanese intervention

The modern-day city of Uijeongbu, in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, was named after this Joseon dynasty organ.

Gyeonggi Province
Gyeonggi Province (Korean: 경기도; RR: Gyeonggi-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.ɡi.do̞]) is the most populous province in South Korea.

Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946. Incheon, the nation's third-largest city, is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981. The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 (4,530 sq mi), with a combined population of over 26 million - amounting to over half (50.25%) of the entire population of South Korea, and a third of the population of the Korean peninsula at the 2020 census.
Zee Entertainment Enterprises
Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited (ZEEL) (formerly Zee Telefilms) is an Indian media conglomerate. Headquartered in Mumbai, it has interests in television, print, internet, film, and businesses related to mobile content, and operates 35 channels worldwide.

Invesco
Invesco Ltd. is an American (formerly British) independent investment management company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, with branch offices in 20 countries. Its common stock is a constituent of the S&P 500 and trades on the New York Stock Exchange. Invesco operates under the Invesco, Invesco Perpetual, and Powershares brand names.
Joanna Horton
Joanna Horton is an English actress, notable for her stage and television work, including an episode of Robin Hood (series 1 episode 4), Father Brown, Spooks and Foyle's War.

In 2009, Horton played Hannah in Days of Significance, written by Roy Williams, as part of the Royal Shakespeare Company, and played Barbara in The Gods Weep, written by Dennis Kelly, in 2010. In the same year, Horton also played Dunyasha in The Cherry Orchard, written by Anton Chekhov, at the Birmingham Rep, and Anna in Town, written by D.C. Moore, at the Royal & Derngate in Northampton. She appeared as Deb in an adaptation of Morgan Lloyd Malcolm's Belongings at Hampstead Theatre and Trafalgar Studios in 2011. During summer 2013 she appeared again with the Royal Shakespeare Company as Celia in As You Like It and Helena in All's Well That Ends Well. In 2017, she played Cassio in Othello at Shakespeare's Globe.

All's Well That Ends Well
All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare, published in the First Folio in 1623, where it is listed among the comedies. There is a debate about the date of its composition, with possible dates ranging from 1598 to 1608.

The play is considered one of Shakespeare's "problem plays", those that pose ethical dilemmas that require more than typically simple solutions.
Jerusalem Sanjak
The Sanjak  of Jerusalem (Ottoman Turkish: سنجاق قدس, romanized: Sancâk-ı Kudüs; Arabic: سنجق القدس, romanized: Sanjaq al-Quds) was an Ottoman sanjak that formed part of the Damascus Eyalet for much of its existence. It was created in the 16th century by the Ottoman Empire following the 1516–1517 Ottoman–Mamluk War. It was detached from the Syrian eyalet and placed directly under the Sublime Porte, the Ottoman central government, first for a brief period in 1841, and again in 1854.

An independent province, the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, was created in 1872. It ceased to exist in 1917 during the Great War as a result of British progress on the Middle Eastern front, when it became a British-administered occupied territory.

Sublime Porte
The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (Ottoman Turkish: باب عالی, romanized: Bâb-ı Âlî or Babıali; Turkish pronunciation: [baːbɯˈaːliː]), was a metonymy used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. It is particularly referred to the building which housed the office of the Grand Vizier, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, and the Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances. Today it houses the office of the Istanbul governerate.
Rasmus Kristensen
Rasmus Nissen Kristensen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑsmus ˈne̝sn̩ ˈkʰʁestn̩sn̩, - ˈkʰʁæs-]; born 11 July 1997) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt and the Denmark national team.

Austrian Cup
The Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup), known as UNIQA ÖFB Cup for sponsorship purposes, is an annual football competition held by the Austrian Football Association, the ÖFB. Austria Wien are the record cup winners, having won for the 27th time in 2008–09. Wolfsberger AC are the current holders, winning their first ever cup trophy in the 2024-25 edition.
Garcinia rubroechinata
Garcinia rubroechinata, commonly known as malamkongu and sometimes known as Garcinia rubro-echinata, is a species of flowering plant in the family Clusiaceae. It is a tree which grows to 20 meters tall. It is found only in the Western Ghats of southern India.

Garcinia rubroechinata is known from four locations in the south Western Ghats of Kerala and Tamil Nadu states. Most of the species' range is in Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve (Tirunelveli and Thiruvananthapuram districts) and the Wayanad forests. Based on collections, the species' estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 1,272 km2 and estimated area of occupancy (AOO) of 16 km2 are small, but may be  under-estimates.

It grows in evergreen submontane and montane rain forests, from 850 to 1,850 metres elevation.

The species is assessed as Endangered, given its small estimated population – 200 to 250 mature individual trees, with 50 or fewer mature trees in each of the four known subpopulations.

Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve
Bio reserved of indiafull map of india

The Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve in India established in 2001, located in the southernmost end of the Western Ghats and includes 3,500.36 km2 (1,351.50 sq mi) of which 1828 km2 is in Kerala and 1672.36 km2 is in Tamil Nadu. It encompasses the following wildlife sanctuaries: Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.

In 2016, Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve became part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
Hatanpää Manor
Hatanpää Manor (Finnish: Hatanpään kartano) was a manor in the area of the current city of Tampere on the shores of Lake Pyhäjärvi in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It was founded in the 1690s, and the current main building of Hatanpää Manor, designed by architect Sebastian Gripenberg, was completed in 1885. The manor has preserved the manor park on the Hatanpää's peninsula, as well as the main building and villa building built in the late 19th century. The former land areas of the manor are now residential and industrial areas.

Pyhäjärvi (Tampere region)
Pyhäjärvi (Finnish: [ˈpyhæˌjærʋi]) is a lake in southern Finland. Although the name means "holy lake" in modern Finnish, it probably originally meant "border lake". Pyhäjärvi is shaped like the letter C with the cities of Tampere and Nokia at the northern end, and the town of Lempäälä at the southern end.

The lake is fed by the water running through the Tammerkoski rapids in the center of Tampere from the north, and by the waters from lake Vanajavesi in the south. Due to the Tammerkoski rapids, the water in Pyhäjärvi is warmer and richer in ozone than that in the northern lake, Näsijärvi, which results in the life in this lake being richer, even though the water is more polluted.

A number of other lakes are also named Pyhäjärvi in Finland and its former territories.
Andrzej Węgierski
Andrzej Węgierski (born 16 November 1600 in Ostroróg; died 11 January 1649 in Orzeszkowo) was a Polish Calvinist historian, preacher, poet and translator.

He came from the Węgierski noble family of Belina coat of arms, descending from the village of Węgierki in Greater Poland. He attended schools in Ostroróg, Leszno and Bytom Odrzański. From 1633 to 1648 he was the minister of the Calvinist congregation in Włodawa.

His main work was the Slavonia reformata, continentes historiam ecclesiasticam (1st Ed Germany 1652, 2nd Ed. Amsterdam 1679, modern edition Warsaw 1973) In this he gives the history of both the Calvinist ecclesia major and Antitrinitarian (Arian or Socinian) ecclesia minor of the Polish Brethren.

Bytom Odrzański
Bytom Odrzański [ˈbɨtɔm ɔˈdʐaɲskʲi] (German: Beuthen an der Oder) is a town on the bank of the Oder river in western Poland, in Nowa Sól County of Lubusz Voivodeship. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 4,191.
Lil Woods
Lillian Grace Woods (born 9 April 1998) is a British former child actress who appeared in the film Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang as Megsie Green.

Woods' other film credits include Blessed (2008), Disco (2010) and Baby (2014). She attended Ysgol Bro Ddyfi, a school in Machynlleth.

Child actor
A child actor or child actress is a child acting on stage, television or in movies. An adult who began their acting career as a child may also be called a child actor or a "former child actor". Closely associated terms include teenage actor or teen actor, which refer to an actor who gained popularity as a teenager.

Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, mainly due to typecasting. Macaulay Culkin and Lindsay Lohan are two particularly famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at an early age. Some child actors have successful acting careers as adults; for example Mickey Rooney, Elizabeth Taylor, Jodie Foster, Christian Bale, Drew Barrymore, Saoirse Ronan. Other child actors have gone on to successful careers in other fields, including director Ron Howard, politicians Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński, James Jebbia, and singer Jenny Lewis.
Jund al-Urdunn
Jund al-Urdunn (Arabic: جُـنْـد الْأُرْدُنّ, translation: "The military district of Jordan") was one of the five districts of Bilad al-Sham (Islamic Syria) during the early Islamic period. It was established under the Rashidun and its capital was Tiberias throughout its rule by the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. It encompassed southern Mount Lebanon, the Galilee, the southern Hauran, the Golan Heights, and most of the eastern Jordan Valley (especially in the north).

Rashidun
The Rashidun (Arabic: الراشدون, romanized: al-Rāshidūn, lit. 'the rightly-guided') are the first four caliphs (lit. 'successors') who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), Umar (r. 634–644), Uthman (r. 644–656), and Ali (r. 656–661).

The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered in Sunni Islam to have been 'rightly guided' (Arabic: rāshid), meaning that it constitutes a model (Sunnah) to be followed and emulated from a religious point of view.
Graph Fourier transform
In mathematics, the graph Fourier transform is a mathematical transform which eigendecomposes the Laplacian matrix of a graph into eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Analogously to the classical Fourier transform, the eigenvalues represent frequencies and eigenvectors form what is known as a graph Fourier basis.

The Graph Fourier transform is important in spectral graph theory. It is widely applied in the recent study of graph structured learning algorithms, such as the widely employed convolutional networks.

Transformation (function)
In mathematics, a transformation, transform, or self-map is a function f, usually with some geometrical underpinning, that maps a set X to itself, i.e. f: X → X.
Examples include linear transformations of vector spaces and geometric transformations, which include projective transformations, affine transformations, and specific affine transformations, such as rotations, reflections and translations.
Pathadumbara Electoral District
Pathadumbara electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Pathadumbara in Kandy District, Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Pathadumbara electoral district was replaced by the multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.
Centre for the Comparative Analysis of Law and Economics, Economics of Law, Economics of Institutions
CLEI, the Centre for the Comparative Analysis of Law and Economics, Economics of Law, Economics of Institutions is a research center founded in 2004 by four research universities, Cornell Law School (School of Law, John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics), Ecole Polytechnique (Pole de Recherche en Economie et Gestion), University of Turin (Dipartimenti di Economia 'S.Cognetti de Martiis', Scienze Economiche e Finanziarie 'G.Prato', Scienze  Giuridiche) and the University of Ghent (Law School, Centre for Advanced Studies in Law and Economics).

Subsequently, the centre has been expanded to include the following partner universities.

Marburg University

University of Eastern Piedmont

University of Economics, Prague

Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III

Panthéon-Assas University

Cornell Law School
Cornell Law School is the law school of Cornell University, a private, Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York.

One of the five Ivy League law schools, Cornell Law School offers four degree programs (JD, LLM, MSLS and JSD) along with several dual-degree programs in conjunction with other professional schools at the university. It was established in 1887 as Cornell University's Department of Law. Currently, the school graduates around 200 students each year.

Cornell Law School is home to the Legal Information Institute (LII), the Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, the Cornell Law Review, the Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy, and the Cornell International Law Journal.
Upper nobility
The upper nobility (Hungarian: főnemesség, Latin: barones) was the highest stratum of the temporal society in the Kingdom of Hungary until 1946 when the Parliament passed an act that prohibited the use of noble titles, following the declaration of the Republic of Hungary.

Sealing wax
Sealing wax is a wax material of a seal which, after melting, hardens quickly (to paper, parchment, ribbons and wire, and other material), forming a bond that is difficult to break without noticeable tampering. Wax is used to verify that something such as a document is unopened, to verify the sender's identity: 39  (for example with a seal stamp or signet ring), and as decoration. Sealing wax can also be used to take impressions of other seals. Wax was used to seal letters close and later, from about the 16th century, envelopes. Long before sealing wax was employed, the Romans used bitumen for this purpose.
Digital Catapult
Digital Catapult is the UK innovation agency for advanced digital technology, developed in conjunction with Innovate UK (former Technology Strategy Board) as part of the Catapult centres. Digital Catapult works with startups, industries, investors, public sector and academia to accelerates the adoption of new and emerging technologies, with the aim of driving regional, national and international growth for UK businesses across the economy.

Innovate UK
Innovate UK is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding and supporting organisations to make new products and services.