hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ICL Direct Machine Environment
Direct Machine Environment, abbreviated DME, was a mainframe environment for microcode based versions of the ICL 2900 Series (2960 and the second-generation S-Series) of computing systems from International Computers Limited that was developed in the 1970s. DME was more-or-less an ICL 1900 order code processor in microcode, which permitted the ICL 1900 series executive, operating systems and program libraries to operate on the ICL 2900 series.

The ICL 2905 was a rebrand of the ICL 2950 that only ran DME/2, the second version of DME, introduced for marketing reasons.

Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe, maxicomputer, or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later, the term mainframe was used to distinguish high-end commercial computers from less powerful machines.
Abangan
The Abangan are Javanese people who are Muslims and practice a much more syncretic version of Islam than the more orthodox santri. The term, apparently derived from the Javanese language word for red, abang, was first developed by Clifford Geertz, but the meaning has since shifted. Abangan are more inclined to follow a local system of beliefs called adat and Kebatinan than pure Sharia (Islamic law). Their belief system integrates Hinduism, Buddhism and animism. However, some scholars hold that what has classically been viewed as Indonesian variance from Islam is often a part of that faith in other countries. For example, Martin van Bruinessen notes similarity between adat and historical practice among Muslims in Egypt as described by Edward Lane.

Adat
Adat (Arabic: عادات;  Avar: Адат; Bengali: আদত; Chagatay: ئادەت; Chechen: Адат; Lezgian: Адат; Malay: عادت; Pashto: عادت; Serbian: адет adet; Urdu: عادت) is a generic term derived from Arabic to describe a variety of local customary practices and traditions deemed compatible with Islam as observed by Muslim communities in the Balkans, North Caucasus, Central, South, and Southeast Asia. Despite its Arabic origin, the term adat resonates deeply throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, where due to colonial influence, its usage has been systematically institutionalised into various non-Muslim communities. Within the region, the term refers, in a broader sense, to the customary norms, rules, interdictions, and injunctions that guide individuals' conduct as members of the community and the sanctions and forms of address by which these norms and rules are upheld. Adat also includes the set of local and traditional laws and dispute resolution systems by which these societies are regulated.
Frenchman Lake (Yukon)
Frenchman Lake is a lake located in Carmacks, Yukon, Canada. The lake is located at an elevation of 575 m (1,886 ft), has an area of 1,441 ha (3,560 acres), a maximum depth of 65 m (213 ft) and an average depth of 14.6 m (48 ft).

Carmacks, Yukon
Carmacks is a village in Yukon, Canada, on the Yukon River along the Klondike Highway, and at the west end of the Robert Campbell Highway from Watson Lake. The population is 588 (Canada Census, 2021), an increase from the Census of 2016. It is the home of the Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation, a Northern Tutchone-speaking people.
Ardito Wijaya
Ardito Wijaya (born 23 January 1980) is an Indonesian doctor and politician who served as the Regent of Central Lampung for the 2025–2030 term. Previously, he served as the Vice Regent of Central Lampung for the 2021–2025 term.

Before entering politics, Ardito was a doctor who graduated from Trisakti University. After becoming a doctor, he continued his postgraduate program at Universitas Mitra Indonesia with a Master of Public Health (M.K.M.) degree.

On December 12, 2025, Ardito was arrested by the police on suspicion of corruption amounting to 12.8 billion rupiah, consisting of land and buildings, transportation equipment, and cash, leading to his dishonorable discharge.

Vice Regent
Vice Regent (April 29, 1967 – June 18, 1995) was a Canadian Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse and Canada's leading sire for thirteen years. Owned and bred by E. P. Taylor, he was from Northern Dancer's second crop and out of the mare Victoria Regina, a daughter of the French multiple stakes winner Menetrier whom E. P. Taylor purchased as a sire from François Dupré and imported to Canada.

Vice Regent was a full brother to Viceregal who earned Canadian Horse of the Year honours as a two-year-old in 1968. As such, on his debut one year later in 1969, much was expected from Vice Regent. Conditioned by future Hall of Fame trainer Gordon J. McCann, as a result of injuries and an accident, Vice Regent raced only five times before being forced into retirement.
Utharam
Utharam (English: Answer) is a 1989 Malayalam mystery-thriller film, starring Mammootty, Suparna, Sukumaran, and Parvathy. It was written by Malayalam writer M. T. Vasudevan Nair based on the short story No Motive by Daphne du Maurier. Utharam is considered one of the best investigative thrillers in Malayalam cinema.

Daphne du Maurier
Dame Daphne du Maurier, Lady Browning, DBE (/duː ˈmɒrieɪ/; 13 May 1907 – 19 April 1989) was an English novelist, biographer and playwright. Her parents were actor-manager Sir Gerald du Maurier and his wife, actress Muriel Beaumont. Her grandfather George du Maurier was a writer and cartoonist.

Many of du Maurier's novels have been successfully adapted into films, including the novels Rebecca, Frenchman's Creek, My Cousin Rachel and Jamaica Inn, and the short stories "The Birds" and "Don't Look Now". Du Maurier spent much of her life in Cornwall, where most of her works are set. As her fame increased, she became more reclusive.
Free license
A free license or open license is a license that allows copyrighted work to be reused, modified, and redistributed. These uses are normally prohibited by copyright, patent or other Intellectual property (IP) laws. The term broadly covers free content licenses and open-source licenses, also known as free software licenses.

Open Source Initiative
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an American nonprofit organization that maintains The Open Source Definition (OSD), the predominant standard for open-source software. The organization was founded in February 1998 by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond, part of a group inspired by the Netscape Communications Corporation publishing the source code for its flagship Netscape Communicator product. Later, in August 1998, the organization added a board of directors.

For most of its existence, the OSI's activities have been focused on the definition and certifying software licenses as compliant with it. OSI originally had a closed organizational model, but began to switch towards a membership organization in the 2010s to raise more money and expand its activities.
Vision Quest (film)
Vision Quest (released in the United Kingdom and Australia as Crazy for You) is a 1985 American coming-of-age romantic drama/sports film starring Matthew Modine, Michael Schoeffling, Ronny Cox and Linda Fiorentino in her first film role. It is based on Terry Davis's 1979 novel of the same name.

Modine plays a Spokane high school wrestler who falls in love with an older woman, an aspiring artist from Trenton, New Jersey, on her way to San Francisco.

The film includes the first major motion picture appearance by Madonna, who plays a singer at a local bar, where she performs the songs "Crazy for You" and "Gambler".  In some countries, the title of the film was changed to "Crazy for You" to capitalize on Madonna's emerging fame and the popularity of her song of that name. The film has become a cult classic.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
START Lab
START Lab Inc. (株式会社スタート ・ ラボ; Sony Taiyo Yuden Advanced Recording Technology Laboratory) is a joint venture of Sony Corporation and Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. The headquarters are in Chiyoda, Tokyo.

START Lab, founded in June 1989, was active in the optical media business. Initially intended to produce small-scale runs of CDs for business customers on the basis of newly developed CD-R technology, it pioneered the sale of CD-R media to consumers. The current president is Masanori Kimizuka. 50.1% of START Lab is owned by Sony, 49.9% is owned by Taiyo Yuden.

START Lab ceased operations in March 2016 after parent company Taiyo Yuden ended production of storage media.

Well-known product lines included the That's consumer media, the That's CD-R/DVD-R for master product line, and the CD/DVD error checkers (ES-50, ES-70, ES-1000 rebranded Almedio model).

CD-R
CD-R (Compact disc-recordable) is a digital optical disc storage format. A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can only be written once and read arbitrarily many times.

CD-R discs (CD-Rs) are readable by most CD readers manufactured prior to the introduction of CD-R, unlike CD-RW discs.
Vegetarian Society
The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom (VSUK) is a British registered charity. It campaigns for dietary changes, licenses Vegetarian Society Approved trademarks for vegetarian and vegan products, runs a cookery school and lottery, and organises National Vegetarian Week in the UK.

In the 19th century, various groups in Britain promoted meat-free diets, leading to the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847, which later split into the Manchester and London Vegetarian Societies in 1888 before reuniting in 1969, registering as a charity, and continued advocating for vegetarianism through public education and influencing food producers.

Tony Wardle
Tony Wardle is a British journalist and writer. He co-authored, with Michael Mansfield, the 1993 book Presumed Guilty: British Legal System Exposed, which criticised the British criminal justice system. He is a vegan and actively involved in the work of Viva!, an animal rights organisation of which he is an associate director. He is also editor of the magazine Viva!Life. He was also a founding director of The Vegetarian and Vegan Foundation until its closure in 2013, along with Juliet Gellatley. He and filmmaker Yvette Vanson created Vanson Wardle Productions Ltd in 1981.

He was a contestant on Come Dine with Me in 2008.
Thomas Harrington & Sons
Thomas Harrington & Sons was a coachbuilder in the county of Sussex from 1897 until 1966, initially at Brighton but from 1930 until the end in a purpose built Art Deco factory (an image of which was used on the builder's transfers) in Old Shoreham Road, Hove.

Tilling Group
The Tilling Group was one of two conglomerates that controlled almost all of the major bus operators in the United Kingdom between World Wars I and II and until nationalisation in 1948.

Tilling, together with the other conglomerate, British Electric Traction (BET), became the main constituents of the country's nationalised bus industry in the late 1960s and was sufficiently well known to have entered popular culture as part of London's Cockney rhyming slang (Thomas Tilling = shilling).

The company continued as an industrial conglomerate after the nationalisation of its bus interests; it was acquired by BTR plc in 1983.
Jack Pickford
John Charles Smith (August 18, 1896 – January 3, 1933), known professionally as Jack Pickford, was a Canadian-American actor, film director, and producer. He was the younger brother of actresses Mary and Lottie Pickford.

After their father deserted the family, all three Pickford children began working as child actors on the stage. Mary later became a highly popular silent film actress, producer, and early Hollywood pioneer. While Jack appeared in numerous films as the "All American boy next door" and was a fairly popular performer, he was overshadowed by his sister's success. His career declined steadily due to alcohol, drugs, and chronic depression.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
2019 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
Robert Galloway and Roberto Maytín were the defending champions but only Maytín chose to defend his title, partnering Jackson Withrow. Maytín lost in the final to Diego Hidalgo and Martin Redlicki.

Hidalgo and Redlicki won the title after defeating Maytín and Withrow 6–2, 6–2 in the final.

Diego Hidalgo (tennis)
Diego Hidalgo (born 18 April 1993) is an Ecuadorian tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 61 achieved on 1 July 2024. He also has a career high singles ranking of No. 358 achieved on 3 February 2020.

Hidalgo has won 9 ATP Challengers and 16 ITF doubles titles.
He represents Ecuador at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 4–6.
Petri Hulkko
Petri Jussi Mikael Hulkko (born 26 September 1961) is a Finnish three-star general. He has served as the commander of the Finnish Army since August 2017 to January 2021. He is now retired.

Hulkko graduated from the Cadet School in 1984. He has since served as the commander of the Utti Jaeger Regiment from 2004 to 2008, as a military advisor to the minister of defence from 2008 to 2011, as chief of operations of the army from 2012 to 2016 and as chief of staff of the army in 2017.

Hulkko is the cousin of Finnish rock musician Andy McCoy. He is the father of Finnish national team swimmer Ida Hulkko.

Minister of Defence (Finland)
The Minister of Defence (Finnish: puolustusministeri, Swedish: försvarsminister) is a member of the Finnish Council of State. As the head of the Ministry of Defence, the minister is responsible for the administration of national defence. The ministry is headquartered in Helsinki. The current Minister of Defence is Antti Häkkänen.

From June to November 1918 the post was called Chief of the War Department, and from then until 1922 the post was called the Minister of War.

The President of the Republic is the commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces. The commander of the military forces is the Chief of Defence.
Dennis K. Yorath
Dennis Kestell Yorath, MBE (April 30, 1905 – May 8, 1981) was an aviator and business executive who was a Member of the Order of the British Empire for his contributions to Canadian aviation and in particular the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan during World War II.

British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), often referred to as simply "The Plan", was a large-scale multinational military aircrew training program created by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand during the Second World War. The BCATP remains one of the single largest aviation training programs in history and was responsible for training nearly half the pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, air gunners, wireless operators and flight engineers who served with the Royal Air Force (RAF), Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm (FAA), Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the war.

Trainees from many other countries attended schools under the Plan, including Rhodesia, Argentina, Belgium, Ceylon, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Fiji, Free France, Greece, the Netherlands, Newfoundland, Norway, Poland, and the United States.

Canada was chosen as the primary location for the BCATP's training operations.
Thakur Vidya Mandir
Thakur Vidya Mandir High School is a secondary, co-educational school in Kandivali, Mumbai, India.

Thakur Vidya Mandir was founded in 1990 by Shri Thakur Ramnarayan Singh and Shri Thakur Shyamnarayan Singh. It is affiliated to the Maharashtra State Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board. The school is managed by the Thakur Educational Trust.

It is located at Thakur Complex in the suburb of Kandivali. It has 7000 students.

Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education
The Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education (Abbreviation: MSBSHSE) is a statutory and autonomous body established under the "Maharashtra Secondary Boards Act" 1965 (amended in 1977). Most important task of the board, among few others, is to conduct the SSC for 10th class and HSC for 12th class examinations. It is the most popular education board in terms of enrollment in high school in India only after the Central Board of Secondary Education.
Axel Strøm
Axel Strøm (11 May 1901 – 18 June 1985) was a Norwegian physician. He was born in Kristiania. He was appointed Professor of Public Health at the University of Oslo from 1940. Among his works were studies on health issues among concentration camp survivors. He served as President of Den norske lægeforening from 1948 to 1951, and chaired Norges Akademikersamband from 1951 to 1955. He was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1969.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Sunday Summit
Sunday Summit (el. 1,284 m or 4,213 ft) is a highway summit along the Crowsnest Highway in British Columbia, Canada. It is the second-highest point on the section of the Crowsnest Highway between the cities of Hope and Princeton - the highest being Allison Pass, located to the west. It is located 15km northeast of the eastern boundary to Manning Park. There is a brake check located at the summit.

Princeton, British Columbia
Princeton is a town municipality in the Similkameen region of southern British Columbia, Canada. The former mining and railway hub lies at the confluence of the Tulameen into the Similkameen River, just east of the Cascade Mountains. At the junction of BC Highway 3 and 5A, the locality is by road about 67 kilometres (42 mi) northwest of Keremeos, 133 kilometres (83 mi) east of Hope, and 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Merritt.
Hilarius
Hilarius is the given name of:

Hilarius of Aquileia (died c. 284), saint, bishop of Aquileia, Italy

Hilarius or Hilary of Poitiers (c. 310 – c. 367), Bishop of Poitiers and Doctor of the Church

Hilary the Deacon (Latin: Hilarius Diaconus) (fl. 355), Sardinian deacon of the Roman church

Hilarius, Archbishop of Tarragona (Spain) c. 402

Hilarius or Hilary of Arles (c. 403–449), Bishop of Arles and saint

Hilarius (praefectus urbi), praefectus urbi (prefect of Rome) in 408

Pope Hilarius or Hilary (died 468), Catholic pope and saint

Hilarius (poet) (fl. 1125)

Hilarius Breitinger (1907–1994), German Franciscan prelate

Hilarius Gilges (1909–1933), Afro-German actor and communist

Hilarius Moa Nurak (1943–2016), Roman Catholic bishop

Hilarius of Sexten (secular name Christian Gatterer) (1839–1900), Austrian Capuchin theologian

Hilarius (praefectus urbi)
Hilarius (floruit 408) was a politician of the Western Roman Empire.

Hilarius is known to be the praefectus urbi of Rome in 408. He is attested in office on January 15 of that year by a law preserved in the Codex Theodosianus. He has been sometimes identified with a Hilarius Praetorian prefect of Gaul in 396, but this identification is rejected by historians on the fact that the urban prefecture was a lesser office than the praetorian one.
Isaacs Spitfire
The Isaacs Spitfire is a single seat homebuilt sporting aircraft design created by John O. Isaacs, a former Supermarine employee and retired schoolmaster and designer of the Isaacs Fury, as a 6/10th scale replica of a Supermarine Spitfire. Its first flight was on 5 May 1975.

As per the original Spitfire, the Isaacs Spitfire was a cantilever low-wing monoplane of semi-elliptical planform. The twin spar wing was built in one piece, mainly of spruce with birch plywood skin. The fuselage was of identical construction. The landing gear is fixed and included a tailwheel.

Plans are available for sale to home constructors.

Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.
George Alexander Ehrman
George Alexander Ehrman (2 February 1862 - 30 January 1926) was an American entomologist who specialised in  Lepidoptera notably Papilionidae.

Ehrman invented equipment which came into general use in the manufacture of blown and pressed glass for the Macbeth-Evans Glass Company and the United States Glass Company. In later years he was employed in the Research Laboratory of the Mesta Machine Company.

Financially secure Ehrman was able during his later life to devote himself to natural history including ornithology. He made extensive collections of the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera of western Pennsylvania then extended his 
collections worldwide. He specialised in Papilionidae, the genus Catocala, and the butterflies and moths of 
Liberia, and the beetle genus Cychrus and its allies.

His collection of American und exotic Rhopalocera and Coleoptera was bequeathed to the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. The species described by him are listed by Holland (1927)

Carnegie Museum of Natural History
The Carnegie Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as CMNH) is a natural history museum in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Pittsburgh-based industrialist Andrew Carnegie in 1896. 
Housing some 22 million specimens, the museum features one of the most extensive paleontological and entomological collections in the world.