hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yiddishist movement
Yiddishism is a cultural and linguistic movement that advocates and promotes the use of Yiddish, the traditional vernacular of Ashkenazi Jews, which was spoken by over 11 million people before World War II. It began in Eastern Europe during the latter part of the 19th century. Some of the leading founders of this movement were Mendele Mocher Sforim, I. L. Peretz, and Sholem Aleichem. The Yiddishist movement gained popularity alongside the growth of the Jewish Labor Bund and other Jewish political movements, particularly in the Russian Empire and United States.

The movement sharply lost momentum in the course of the 20th century, hampered by the language's low prestige in a context of both Jewish assimilation and Hebrew revival, the physical annihilation of most European Yiddish speakers in the Holocaust, followed by the linguistic assimilation of remaining communities, including in Israel, where Yiddish would wind up largely supplanted by Modern Hebrew.

Mordkhe Schaechter
Itsye Mordkhe Schaechter (Yiddish: איציע מרדכי שעכטער; December 1, 1927 – February 15, 2007) was a leading Yiddish linguist, writer, and educator who spent a lifetime studying, standardizing and teaching the language.

Schaechter, whose passion for Yiddish dated to his boyhood in Romania, dedicated his life to reclaiming Yiddish as a living language for the descendants of its first speakers, the Ashkenazic Jewry of central and eastern Europe. He was also the third editor of Afn Shvel (1957–2004), a Yiddish magazine.
UN shuttle
The term UN shuttle has been utilised to refer to various transport routes and conveyances (particularly commercial flights) that have been heavily used by United Nations (UN) or other international organisations' personnel and/or serve major UN centres.

A number of aviation disasters have gained attention for occurring on "UN shuttles" and thus killing, injuring and/or otherwise affecting an unusually high proportion of international diplomats, non-governmental organisation and aid workers. These include:

Swissair Flight 111, between the biggest UN offices of New York and Geneva

Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, between African Union headquarters and UN regional offices in Addis Ababa and Nairobi

The term may also apply to:

United Nations Humanitarian Air Service

Shuttle diplomacy

African Union Conference Center and Office Complex
The African Union Conference Center and Office Complex (AUCC) is a building in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is the headquarters of the African Union and plays host to the biannual AU summits. It also serves as a conference center for African and diaspora businesses. The main building is 99.9 m (328 ft) tall and it is the second tallest building in Addis Ababa. Its cost was US$200 million, and it was mainly funded by the Chinese government.
Großer Widderstein
The Großer Widderstein (or just Widderstein) is a mountain, 2,533 m (AA), in the west Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Topographically it belongs to the Allgäu Alps. It is the highest peak in the subgroup of the Southeastern Walsertal Mountains (Südöstliche Walsertaler Berge).

Hochtann Mountain Pass
Hochtann Mountain Pass (German: Hochtannbergpass, 1,679 m (5,509 ft)) is a mountain pass in the Austrian Alps in the Bundesland of Vorarlberg.

It connects Warth  in the Lech Valley to the east with the valley of the Bregenzer Ach near Schoppernau to the west. It is traversed by the Bregenzerwaldstraße (B 200). It connects the Allgäu Alps to the headwaters of the Lech.
The White Angel (1936 film)
The White Angel is a 1936 American historical drama film directed by William Dieterle and starring Kay Francis, Ian Hunter and Donald Woods. The film depicts Florence Nightingale's pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War. It was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.

Billy and Bobby Mauch
William John Mauch (July 6, 1921 – September 29, 2006) and his identical twin brother, Robert Joseph Mauch (July 6, 1921 – October 15, 2007), were child actors in the 1930s. They had starring roles in the 1937 film The Prince and the Pauper, based on the 1881 novel of the same name by Mark Twain.
Deedy Crosson
George Dewey "Deedy" Crosson (November 11, 1898 – February 19, 1973) was an American Negro league shortstop in the 1920s.

A native of Rutherford, New Jersey, Crosson attended Boston English High, Brown University and Boston University. He played for the Pennsylvania Red Caps of New York in 1920. Crosson died in New York, New York in 1973 at age 74.

Rutherford, New Jersey
Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 18,834, an increase of 773 (+4.3%) from the 2010 census count of 18,061, which in turn reflected a decline of 49 (−0.3%) from the 18,110 counted in the 2000 census.

Rutherford was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on September 21, 1881, from portions of Union Township, based on the results of a referendum held on the previous day. The borough was named for John Rutherfurd, a U.S. Senator who owned land in the area.

Rutherford has been called the "Borough of Trees" and "The First Borough of Bergen County", and is known as well for its pedestrian-focused downtown area adjacent to the borough's Bergen County Line (New Jersey Transit) railway station.
Northwest Airlink Flight 2268
Northwest Airlink Flight 2268 was a commuter flight between Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, and Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Romulus, Michigan, just outside Detroit. The flight was operated by Fischer Brothers Aviation, doing business as Northwest Airlink, and was operated by a CASA C-212 aircraft. On March 4, 1987, the plane crashed while attempting to land. Nine of the 19 passengers and crew on board were killed in the crash.

Romulus, Michigan
Romulus is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Romulus had a population of 25,178. Romulus is a western suburb of Metro Detroit and is also considered part of the Downriver collection of communities.  It is most notable as the location of the Detroit Metropolitan Airport, a major hub for Delta Air Lines.
2021 Duke Blue Devils men's soccer team
The 2021 Duke Blue Devils men's soccer team represented Duke University during the 2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer season.  The Blue Devils were led by head coach John Kerr, in his fourteenth season.  They played their home games at Koskinen Stadium.  The team was founded in 1935 and currently plays in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

The Blue Devils finished the season 14–5–1 overall and 5–2–1 in ACC play to finish in a tie for first place in the Coastal Division.  As the third overall seed in the ACC Tournament, the received a bye into the Quarterfinals where they defeated Wake Forest and then defeated Clemson in the Semifinals.  They fell in the final to Notre Dame.  They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament and were awarded the seventh seed.  Being a seeded team, they received a bye into the Second Round where they defeated UCLA before losing to tenth seeded Saint Louis in the Third Round.

2021 Atlantic Coast Conference men's soccer season
The 2021 Atlantic Coast Conference men's soccer season was the 68th season of men's varsity soccer in the conference.

Clemson are the defending champions of the Atlantic Conference and the Pittsburgh are the defending champions of the Coastal Conference.  Clemson is the defending ACC tournament Champion.

Clemson and Pittsburgh both retained their regular season titles in their respective conferences.  However, Clemson could not defend its ACC Tournament crown, with Notre Dame prevailing in the 2021 tournament.  Eight ACC teams were invited to the NCAA tournament.  Clemson had the best showing of the eight, winning their third title in program history.
1963 Scotch Cup
The 1963 Scotch Cup was the fifth edition of the Scotch Cup and was held from March 13–15 in Perth, Scotland at the Perth Ice Rink. Canada won take out the title after winning five of their six matches with the only loss being against the United States in draw 1.

World Curling Championships
The World Curling Championships are the annual world championships for curling, organized by the World Curling Federation and contested by national championship teams. There are men's, women's and mixed doubles championships, as well as men's and women's versions of junior and senior championships. There is also a world championship for wheelchair curling. The men's championship started in 1959, while the women's started in 1979. The mixed doubles championship was started in 2008. Since 2005, the men's and women's championships have been held in different venues, with Canada hosting one of the two championships every year: the men's championship in odd years, and the women's championship in even years. Canada has dominated both the men's and women's championships since their inception, although Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany (West Germany), Scotland, the United States, Norway and China have all won at least one championship.
Aeroflot Flight 902
Aeroflot Flight 902 was a passenger flight on a scheduled domestic service from Khabarovsk to Moscow, with intermediate stops at Irkutsk and Omsk, Russia. The flight was operated by a Tu-104A aircraft. On 30 June 1962, with 76 passengers (including 14 children) and 8 crew members aboard, the flight departed Irkutsk on schedule, and made a timely report 50 kilometers from Krasnoyarsk. A few minutes later, an agitated voice later identified as that of the co-pilot made an incoherent emergency transmission with a background of an unusual noise. Repeated subsequent attempts to contact the flight failed.

The aircraft's wreckage was found 28 km east of Krasnoyarsk Airport, in flat terrain with small areas of forest. Investigators subsequently determined that the plane had impacted the ground upside-down at an angle of 40°. There were no survivors.

Krasnoyarsk International Airport
Krasnoyarsk International Airport (Russian: Международный аэропорт Красноярск, romanized: Mezhdunarodnyy aeroport Krasnoyarsk) (IATA: KJA, ICAO: UNKL), is a major airport in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, 27 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of Krasnoyarsk. With 4.3 million passengers in 2025 it is the 2nd busiest airport in Siberia (after  Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport), 12th largest airport in Russia as well as  the 21th-busiest in the Post-Soviet states.
1995 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1995.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Hayleigh Brennan
Hayleigh Maree Brennan (born 5 March 1999) is an Australian cricketer. Born in Dandenong, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, she is a right-arm medium bowler. She has represented Victoria (2016/17–2017/18) and Middlesex (2018) in List A cricket. In the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL), she played for the Melbourne Stars during the 2017–18 season and the Perth Scorchers during the 2018–19 season.

Brennan played for Australia A against England Academy Women in April 2016.

Melbourne Stars (WBBL)
The Melbourne Stars are an Australian women's Twenty20 cricket team based in St Kilda, Victoria. They are one of two teams from Melbourne to compete in the Women's Big Bash League, the other being the Melbourne Renegades. To date, the Stars' best performance occurred in WBBL|06 when they ended the regular season as minor premiers before ultimately finishing as runners-up.
Dipika Kakar
Dipika Kakar Ibrahim, (née Kakar; also known as Faiza Ibrahim; born 6 August 1985) is an Indian actress who works in Hindi television. She is known for playing Simar in Sasural Simar Ka and Sonakshi in Kahaan Hum Kahaan Tum. She participated in the reality show Bigg Boss 12 and emerged as the winner in 2018. She also participated in Nach Baliye 8 finishing at 4th place.

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)
Bigg Boss is an Indian Hindi-language reality television show of the Bigg Boss franchise in India that airs on Colors TV. It is based on the Dutch format of Big Brother, developed by Endemol. Since its premiere on November 3, 2006, the show has completed nineteen seasons and three OTT (Over-the-Top) seasons. Throughout its run, Bigg Boss has seen a variety of hosts. The first season was hosted by Arshad Warsi, followed by Shilpa Shetty in the second season and Amitabh Bachchan in the third. Farah Khan led the Halla Bol season, while Sanjay Dutt co-hosted the fifth season with Salman Khan. Since season 4, Salman Khan has taken the helm as the show's primary host. As of season 19, a total of 353 contestants has participated in Bigg Boss. Thirteen contestants have returned for other seasons, while two played as proxy contestants and 4 were not selected by the audience, preventing them from entering the house. As of season 19, Bigg Boss has aired a total of 2,076 episodes.
Fu An
Fu An (Chinese: 傅安; fl. 1395–1429) was a Ming dynasty diplomat, who was dispatched in 1395 with two other officials and a eunuch named Liu Wei, to open communications with the nations of Central Asia. They traversed the desert of Gobi and reached Hami; thence on to Karakhoja and Ilbalik, the ancient capital of Kuldja. Their mission was successful as far as Samarkand, the various places visited acknowledging the suzerainty of China. There however they were imprisoned by Timur until 1407 as Timur attempted to attack the Ming dynasty. The survivors, including only 17 of their original escort of 1,500 men, were then sent back after Timur's death and were all rewarded on arrival. Fu An and his companions went on six missions altogether, chiefly to Samarkand, Beshbalik and Herat, until in 1415 Fu An retired to wait on his aged mother.

Beshbalik
Beshbalik is an ancient Turkic archaeological site, now located in Jimsar County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. The ancient city was initially called Beiting or Ting Prefecture, and was the headquarters of the Beiting Protectorate during the 8th century. It was later known as Beshbalik (Old Uyghur: beş balık 'five cities') and became one of the capitals of the Uyghur Khaganate and then the Kingdom of Qocho.
World Ranking Masters
The World Ranking Masters was ten-pin bowling's international ranking system, as with professional tennis. It was governed by the World Tenpin Bowling Association (WTBA). The rankings were formulated at the end of the three international tours, the European, Americas (not "American", although it does cover the US) and Asian tours.

The last World Ranking Masters was conducted by WTBA in 2009.

United States Bowling Congress
The United States Bowling Congress (USBC) is a sports membership organization dedicated to ten-pin bowling in the United States.  It was formed in 2005 by a merger of the American Bowling Congress—the original codifier of all tenpin bowling standards, rules, and regulations from 1895 onwards; the Women's International Bowling Congress—founded in 1916, as the female bowlers' counterpart to the then all-male ABC; the Young American Bowling Alliance; and USA Bowling.  The USBC's headquarters are located in Arlington, Texas, after having moved from the Milwaukee suburb of Greendale, Wisconsin, in November 2008. The move enabled the USBC to combine its operations with the Bowling Proprietors' Association of America (BPAA).
Charles B. Kern
Charles B. Kern (1 February 1867 – 18 July 1942) was an American politician.

Charles B. Kern was born in Norwalk, Iowa, on 1 February 1867 to parents John and Miriam Black Kern. Kern lived on the family farm, attended school in Indianola, and graduated from Simpson College. He married Mary Frances Spring in August 1893, with whom he raised four children. Kern was a member of the Republican Party who represented District 27 in the Iowa House of Representatives between 1917 and 1921, and was subsequently elected to the Iowa Senate from 1925 to 1929 for District 11. He died on 18 July 1942 of a heart attack in Norwalk.

Iowa Senate
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state of Iowa with populations of approximately 63,807 per constituency, as of the 2020 United States census. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts. The Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, senators serve four-year terms, with no term limits. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.
Solanum indicum
Solanum indicum can refer to:

Solanum indicum L., a synonym of Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal

Solanum indicum Roxb., a synonym of Solanum melongena L., eggplant

A number of varieties and subspecies now assigned to Solanum anguivi Lam.

Solanum anguivi
Solanum anguivi is a plant indigenous to non-arid parts of Africa, and is commonly known as forest bitterberry or African eggplant, although the latter term is most commonly associated with Solanum aethiopicum.

It is a traditional ethnomedicine in India.
Aramanapola Raja Maha Vihara
Aramanapola Raja Maha Vihara or Ganegama Rankoth Vihara (Sinhala: අරමණපොළ රජ මහා විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Ganegama, Sri Lanka. The Vihara is located approximately 2.5 km (1.6 mi) far away from the Pelmadulla town on Colombo - Batticaloa main road (A4). The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. The designation was declared on 2 March 1951 under the government Gazette number 10217.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Nolina greenei
Nolina greenei, woodland beargrass, is a plant species native to the United States. It is widespread in New Mexico and also reported from Colorado (Las Animas County), Texas (Deaf Smith and Garza Counties) and Oklahoma (Cimarron County).

Nolina greenei grows in rocky locations such as limestone outcrops and old lava flows, often in grasslands or in pine-oak woodlands at elevations of 1200–2000 m. It is a perennial rosette forming plant with an underground caudex. Leaves are long and narrow, sometimes over 100 cm long but rarely more than 1 cm wide. They sometimes have sharp teeth along the margins. Flowering stalk is up to 20 cm high, with a large panicle of white flowers with purple midveins. Fruit is a dry, inflated capsule up to 5 mm across.

Cimarron County, Oklahoma
Cimarron County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Its county seat is Boise City.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,296, making it the least-populous county in Oklahoma. Throughout most of its history, it has had both the smallest population and the lowest population density of any county in Oklahoma.  Located in the Oklahoma Panhandle, Cimarron County contains the only community in the state (Kenton) that observes the Mountain Time Zone. Black Mesa, the highest point in the state, is in the northwest corner of the county.   The Cimarron County community of Regnier has the distinction of being the driest spot in Oklahoma ranked by lowest annual average precipitation, at just 15.62 inches; at the same time, Boise City is the snowiest location in Oklahoma ranked by highest annual average snowfall, at 31.6 inches.
2009 Copa Petrobras Montevideo
The 2009 Copa Petrobras Montevideo was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Montevideo, Uruguay between 5 and 11 October 2009.

David Marrero
David Marrero Santana (Spanish pronunciation: [daˈβið maˈreɾo sanˈtana]; born 8 April 1980) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. Marrero won 14 doubles titles and reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 5 in November 2013.
Karbala International Airport
Karbala International Airport (Arabic: مطار كربلاء الدولي, romanized: Maṭār Karbalāʾ Ad-Duwalī) is an airport under development in Karbala Governorate, Iraq. It is located between the cities of Najaf and Karbala, about 20 miles (32 km) to the southeast of Karbala. It is expected to be Iraq's largest airport upon completion, it was expected to be open in November 2024-April 2025, but there has been no official statement about the reopening date since then.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
Japanese Friendship Garden
Japanese Friendship Garden is used to describe many gardens including:

Japanese Friendship Garden (Balboa Park) in San Diego, California

Japanese Friendship Garden (Kelley Park) in San Jose, California

Ro Ho En in Phoenix, Arizona

Nikka Yuko Japanese Garden in Lethbridge, Alberta

Yuko-En on the Elkhorn, Kentucky-Japan Friendship Garden in Georgetown, Kentucky

Friendship Garden in Hope, British Columbia

Japanese Friendship Garden (San Jose)
The Japanese Friendship Garden is a walled section of Kelley Park in San Jose, California, United States. Dedicated in October 1965, it is patterned after Japan's famous Korakuen Garden in Okayama (one of San Jose's sister cities) and spans six acres. Its three main ponds were stocked with koi sent from Okayama in 1966. The ponds are at different elevations in the park, and are inter-connected by streams.

The park is open daily from 10 AM to 7 PM. There is no admission fee, but the city does charge for parking at Kelley Park.
Anna Khachiyan
Anna Leonidovna Khachiyan (Russian: Анна Леонидовна Хачиян; born August 23, 1985) is an American cultural critic, writer, and co-host of the Red Scare podcast with Dasha Nekrasova, based out of New York City.

Cultural critic
A cultural critic is a critic of a given culture, usually as a whole. Cultural criticism has significant overlap with social and cultural theory. While such criticism is simply part of the self-consciousness of the culture, the social positions of the critics and the medium they use vary widely. The conceptual and political grounding of criticism also changes over time.