hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zbigniewice-Kolonia
Zbigniewice-Kolonia [zbiɡɲɛˈvit͡sɛ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koprzywnica, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Koprzywnica, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 70 km (43 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
2010 World Tour
The 2010 World Tour was a concert tour by rock band ZZ Top, which began in April 2010 and ended in December 2010. Like recent previous tours, it was a short outing, though for the first time in the band's career, they performed in South America, including three shows in Brazil. The band played many of their classic 1970s and 1980s hits. Critical reaction to the tour's shows was generally positive, although the absence of new material was noted. A great number of tickets were sold within a month of the tour's announcement, which prompted more dates to be added.

Viva Las Vegas (song)
"Viva Las Vegas" is a 1964 song recorded by Elvis Presley written by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman for his film of the same name, which along with the song was set for general release the year after. Although Elvis Presley never performed the song live, it has since become one of his most popular songs and often performed by others. The RIAA certified the single disc "Viva Las Vegas/What'd I Say" gold on March 27, 1992, having sold 500,000 copies in the United States.
Test theory
In experimental physics, a test theory tells experimenters how to perform particular comparisons between specific theories or classes of theory.

Without a good reference test theory, these experiments can be difficult to construct. Different theories often define relationships and parameters in different, often incompatible, ways. Sometimes, physical theories and models that nominally produce significantly diverging predictions can be found to produce very similar, even identical, predictions, once definitional differences are taken into account.

A good test theory should identify potential sources of definitional bias in the way that experiments are constructed. It should also be able to deal with a wide range of possible objections to experimental tests based upon it. Discovery that a test theory has serious omissions can undermine the validity of experimental work that is designed according to that theory.

Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.
RecipeML
Recipe Markup Language, formerly known as DESSERT (Document Encoding and Structuring Specification for Electronic Recipe Transfer), is an XML-based format for marking up recipes. The format was created in 2000 by the company FormatData.

The format provides detailed markup for defining ingredients, which facilitates automated conversions from one type of measurement to another. The markup language also provides for step-based instructions. Metadata can be added to a RecipeML document through the Dublin Core.

Software programs that read and write the RecipeML format include Largo Recipes.

Recipe
A recipe is a set of instructions that lists the ingredients and steps needed to prepare a specific dish or meal. A sub-recipe or subrecipe is a recipe for an ingredient that will be called for in the instructions for the main recipe. Recipe books (also called cookbooks or cookery books) are a collection of recipes, help reflect cultural identities and social changes as well as serve as educational tools.
Guatemala City metropolitan area
The Guatemala City metropolitan area (Área Metropolitana de Guatemala or AMG) is a conglomeration of densely populated municipalities surrounding Guatemala City. In 2005, the metropolitan area was defined by the governments of Guatemala and Guatemala City as comprising the municipalities of Amatitlán, Chinautla, Guatemala City, Mixco, San Miguel Petapa, Santa Catarina Pinula, Villa Canales and Villa Nueva. Together these eight municipalities cover 478 square kilometres and were projected by Guatemala's National Institute of Statistics to have a combined population of 2,749,161 in 2015.

Villa Nueva, Guatemala
Villa Nueva is a city in the Guatemala department of Guatemala. The city centre of Villa Nueva at Villa Nueva Central Park is located 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Guatemala City. The city has a population of 618,397 (2018 census), making it the second largest in Guatemala Department, after Guatemala City. It was founded on 17 April 1763, long before Guatemala declared its independence from the Spanish Empire.
The local economy largely depends on industry, with the municipality having some 100 factories that produce such products as textiles, metallurgical goods, and plastics. The area's agricultural products include rice, dairy, fruits, and vegetables.

Mayor Salvador Gándara, serving from 2000 to 2011, was longlisted for the 2008 World Mayor award; Sites of interest include the Naciones Unidas National Park, and several malls, including Metrocentro and Santa Clara.
Ọchịchị language
Oʼchiʼchiʼ (Ọchịchị) is a presumably extinct Central Delta language of Nigeria. Its first published reference was in 2002. It was spoken by a few elders in the villages of Ikwewengwo and Umuebulu in the Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State.

Its existence was first discovered in a student project, and a small team from the University of Port Harcourt subsequently went out to attempt to collect further data on the language. The speakers refused to give any further information on the language, as they had almost entirely switched culturally to the Echie (or Échiè) dialect of Igbo and no longer wished to remember their old language.

From the few words collected, Ọchịchị appears to be related to Obulom, a Central Delta language in turn related to Abuan. However, Obulom itself is not well known.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
1964 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
The 1964 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming was held on November 3, 1964. Incumbent Republican Congressman William Henry Harrison ran for re-election. He was challenged in the general election by Democratic nominee Teno Roncalio, an attorney and former member of the International Joint Commission. Aided by President Lyndon B. Johnson's landslide victory in the presidential election, Roncalio narrowly defeated Harrison, becoming the first Democrat to win a U.S. House election in Wyoming since 1940.

1940 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1940 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 77th United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 5, 1940, while Maine held theirs on September 9. They coincided with President Franklin D. Roosevelt's re-election to an unprecedented third term. His Democratic Party narrowly gained seats from the opposition Republican Party, cementing their majority. However, the election gave firm control of the US House of Representatives and Senate to the New Dealers once again, as Progressives dominated the election.

The upswing in the economy that occurred following the Recession of 1937–38 encouraged voters that the New Deal plan had been working. This allowed the Democrats to stabilize their support.

As of 2024, this was the last time the House of Representatives was made up of six parties.
2018 Tour of Slovenia
The 2018 Tour of Slovenia (Slovene: Dirka po Sloveniji) was the 25th edition of the Tour of Slovenia cycling stage race, held between 13 and 17 June 2018. It was organised as a 2.1 race on the UCI Europe Tour, consisted of 5 stages in total.

The race was decided on its queen stage 4 in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps with climbs to Seeberg Saddle (1218 m), Pavlič Pass (1338 m) and Volovljek Pass (1029 m). The stage was won by Primož Roglič (LottoNL–Jumbo) with a 33-second lead over 2nd-placed Matej Mohorič (Bahrain–Merida), with Rafał Majka (Bora–Hansgrohe) in 3rd.

UCI race classifications
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world's governing body in the sport of bicycle racing, classifies races according to a rating scale.

The rating is represented by a code made of two or three parts and indicates both the type or style of race (the first part), and its importance or difficulty (the second and third parts, lower being harder). The first part can be an integer or an abbreviation, and the second part, when present, are usually integers. Both parts are separated by a period or decimal point (.).

A higher rated race will result in the successful riders receiving more world ranking points.
Jaegir
Jaegir is a science fiction strip in the British comic 2000 AD, created by writer Gordon Rennie and artist Simon Coleby. It follows the adventures of Kapitan-Inspector Atalia Jaegir, who serves in the Nordland State Security Police.

2000 AD (comics)
2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction-oriented comic magazine. As a comics anthology it serialises stories in each issue (known as "progs") and was first published by IPC Magazines in 1977, the first issue dated 26 February. Since 2000, it has been published by Rebellion Developments.

2000 AD is most noted for its Judge Dredd stories, and has been contributed to by a number of artists and writers who became renowned in the field internationally, such as Alan Moore, Dave Gibbons, Grant Morrison, Brian Bolland, Mike McMahon, John Wagner, Alan Grant and Garth Ennis. Other series in 2000 AD include Rogue Trooper, Sláine, The Ballad of Halo Jones, Strontium Dog, ABC Warriors, Nemesis the Warlock and Nikolai Dante.
Armando Pierucci
Fra Armando Pierucci (born 3 September 1935 in Moie, Italy) is an Italian Franciscan musician who lives in Jerusalem. He graduated from the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music in Rome, from the Music Conservatories of Naples, and from the Rossini Music Conservatory in Pesaro. Some of his composition professors include Maestro Vincenzo Donato (who studied with Ottorino Respighi) and Maestro Argenzio Jorio.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
Wu Shu-chen
Wu Shu-chen (Chinese: 吳淑珍; pinyin: Wú Shúzhēn; Wade–Giles: Wu2 Shu2-chen1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô Siok-tin; born 11 July 1953) is a Taiwanese politician. She served one term in the Legislative Yuan from 1987 to 1990. As the wife of President Chen Shui-bian, Wu was the First Lady of the Republic of China from 2000 to 2008.  She is the only First Lady of Taiwan to have been charged and convicted of a crime; she was sentenced to a one-year prison term for perjury regarding political corruption during her husband's tenure as president. Her sentence has however been increased to 17+1⁄2 years, same as her husband.

President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Before 1949 the position had the authority of ruling over mainland China, but losing control of it after communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, the remaining jurisdictions of the ROC have been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Originally elected by the National Assembly, the presidency was intended to be a ceremonial office with no real executive power because the ROC was originally envisioned as a parliamentary republic. Since the 1996 election however, the president has been directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with incumbents limited to serving two terms. The current president is Lai Ching-te of the Democratic Progressive Party, preceded by Tsai Ing-wen from the same party.
Vesly, Manche
Vesly (French pronunciation: [vɛli]) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It has a population of approximately 700 people.

It is located on the Cotentin Peninsula, about 6 km from the sea, 44 km south of Cherbourg and 83 km west of Caen.

In 1972 the commune of Gerville-la-Forêt was consolidated into Vesly as an associated commune.

Associated communes of France
In France, associated communes (French: communes associées, pronounced [kɔmyn asɔsje]) were created by the Commune Merger Act of 16 July 1971 (also called the Marcellin Act). It permits the formerly independent communes to maintain certain institutions, such as

a delegate mayor, a registrar, a criminal investigation officer

a mayor's office

a community center

On 1 January 2006 there were 730 communes associées in France. Most of those were created within four years after the Marcellin Act was passed.
Orlando Sardi de Lima
Orlando Sardi de Lima (born 15 August 1950 in Cali, Colombia) is the current Ambassador of Colombia to Spain with dual accreditation to the Colombian missions in Andorra, Algeria and Morocco. An agricultural engineer from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Sardi has also served as President of Proexport from 1998 to 2000, and has been in the directives of various private and public firms including Winchester Oil & Gas, Comagro, Banco Ganadero S.A, Bancóldex, and the Colombian Institute of Agricultural Marketing (Idema), he also worked in the presidential campaigns of Andrés Pastrana Arango, and Juan Manuel Santos.

Andrés Pastrana Arango
Andrés Pastrana Arango (born 17 August 1954) is a Colombian politician who was President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who was president from 1970 to 1974.
SM UB-18
SM UB-18 was a German Type UB II submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 30 April 1915 and launched on 21 August 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 11 December 1915 as SM UB-18. The submarine sank 128 ships in 31 patrols for a total of 130,841 GRT and 725 tons, making her the 17th most successful U-boat in both world wars. UB-18 was rammed by the trawler Ben Lawer and sunk in the English Channel at 49°17′N 5°47′W﻿ / ﻿49.283°N 5.783°W﻿ / 49.283; -5.783 on 9 December 1917.

Naval trawler
Naval trawlers are vessels built along the lines of a fishing trawler but fitted out for naval purposes; they were widely used during the First and Second World Wars. Some, known in the Royal Navy as "Admiralty trawlers", were purpose-built to naval specifications; others were adapted from civilian use. Fishing trawlers were particularly suited for many naval requirements because they were robust vessels designed to work heavy trawls in all types of weather, and had large clear working decks. A minesweeper could be created by replacing the trawl with a mine sweep. Adding depth charge racks on the deck, ASDIC sonar below, and a 3-inch (76 mm) or 4-inch (102 mm) gun in the bow equipped the trawler for anti-submarine duties.
Directorate of General Security
The Directorate of General Security (DGS) (Arabic: مديرية الأمن العام, romanized: Mudiria al-Amn al-‘Amm, lit. 'Public Security Directorate') also known as Internal State Security was the national civilian security agency of the Ba'athist Iraq tasked with advancing domestic security including clandestine and covert operations, counterinsurgency, counterintelligence, counter-revolutionary, creation a domestic security network intelligence, executive protection (especially the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region high-ranking members, Prime Minister of Iraq, Revolutionary Command Council members, and Saddam Hussein and his family), intelligence assessment, protects classified domestic security information, psychological warfare, political warfare, support irregular warfare operations, surveillance and suppression those who disagree with the government, and threat assessment to domestic security.

Prime Minister of Iraq
The prime minister of the Republic of Iraq is the foremost executive of the Iraqi government and the commander-in-chief of the Iraqi Armed Forces. The premier is responsible for the general policy of the state and directs the Council of Ministers, with the power to dismiss and name any senior executive, including ministers and generals. In addition to the armed forces, the premier has direct authority over all of those intelligence and security agencies under the jurisdiction of the Office of the Prime Minister, such as the CTS and the INIS.

Under the informally adopted ethno-sectarian quota system known as Muhasasa, the position of prime minister is reserved for a Shia Muslim.

On 27 October 2022, Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani became the incumbent prime minister.
Shivaune Field
Shivaune Field (born 11 January, Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian journalist, reporter and beauty pageant titleholder. She writes a column for Forbes and has profiled Tory Burch, Karlie Kloss, Ann Curry, Barbara Corcoran and others. Field previously worked with Bloomberg Media where she interviewed thought leaders, C-suite executives and company founders including Elon Musk, Tony Hsieh, Berkshire Hathaway's Charlie Munger, Ford CEO Mark Fields, George Lucas, Jay Leno, LeBron James and Jessica Alba among many others.

Karlie Kloss
Karlie Elizabeth Kloss (born August 3, 1992) is an American supermodel and entrepreneur. She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 2013 until 2015, when she enrolled as a student at New York University. By 2019, Kloss had appeared on 40 international Vogue covers. She has signed with several top modeling agencies throughout her career, including Elite Model Management, Next Management, IMG Models, and The Society. In 2019, she became the host of the reality competition television series Project Runway.

Apart from modeling, Kloss works to provide reproductive rights for women and supports programs for women in STEM fields. She founded "Kode with Klossy", a nonprofit which provides free coding camps for girls and non-binary teens. In 2022, Kloss launched Gateway Coalition, providing financial and logistical support to abortion clinics throughout the Midwestern United States.

In 2023, Kloss acquired i-D Magazine and became its chief executive officer (CEO).
Roy Welch
Roy Edward Welch (December 19, 1901 – September 27, 1977) was an American professional wrestler and promoter. He is best known as the promoter of the NWA Mid-America territory (also known simply as the Nashville office) alongside Nick Gulas.

Jim Crockett Promotions
Jim Crockett Promotions, at times branded as Eastern States Championship Wrestling and Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling, is a family-owned professional wrestling promotion headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1931, the promotion emerged as a cornerstone of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). By the 1980s, Jim Crockett Promotions was, along with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), one of the two largest promotions in the United States. The Crockett family sold a majority interest in the promotion to Turner Broadcasting System (which was acquired by Time Warner in 1996, later became WarnerMedia from 2018–2022, now known as Warner Bros. Discovery), resulting in the creation of World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1988. In 2022, Jim Crockett Promotions Inc. was restarted by Jim Crockett's son and Jim Crockett Jr's brother, David Crockett.
Methods used by advocacy groups
Methods used by advocacy groups aim to influence public opinion and shape public policy in support of the groups' objectives. The nature of an advocacy group's activities depends largely on the scope of the group's objectives. Motives for action by an advocacy group may be based on a shared political, religious, moral, medical, or commercial position. Groups use various methods to pursue their aims, including lobbying, media campaigns, publicity stunts, polls, research, and policy briefings. Some groups are supported by powerful business or political interests – and thereby exert considerable influence on the political process – while other groups have limited or no resources of this type.

Public opinion
Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.

In the 21st century, public opinion is heavily influenced by the media; many studies have been undertaken which look at the different factors which influence public opinion. Politicians and other people concerned with public opinion often attempt to influence it using advertising or rhetoric. Opinion plays a vital role in uncovering some critical decisions. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a method used to mine the thoughts or feelings of the general population. One of the struggles of public opinion is how it can be influenced by misinformation.