hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mount Cedric Wright
Mount Cedric Wright is a 12,372-foot-elevation (3,771-meter) mountain summit located one mile west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Fresno County of northern California, United States. It is situated in eastern Kings Canyon National Park, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of the community of Independence, 2.2 miles (3.5 km) southeast of Crater Mountain, and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-southeast of Mount Wynne and Pinchot Pass. Topographic relief is significant as the west aspect rises nearly 2,000 feet (610 meters) above the surrounding terrain in approximately one mile. The John Muir Trail traverses below the west aspect of this remote peak. The first ascent was made August 25, 1935, by Norman Clyde.

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.
The Universal Passion
The Universal Passion is a 1737 comedy play by the British writer James Miller. It is a reworking of Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing.

The original Drury Lane cast included William Milward as Gratiano, William Mills as Bellario, James Quin as Protheus, Theophilus Cibber as Joculo, Edward Berry as Byron, Richard Winstone as Gremio, John Harper as Porco, Charles Macklin as Asino, Kitty Clive as Liberia and Hannah Pritchard as Delia.

Charles Macklin
Charles Macklin (26 September 1699 – 11 July 1797), (Gaelic: Cathal MacLochlainn, English: Charles McLaughlin), was an Irish actor and dramatist who performed extensively at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. Macklin revolutionised theatre in the 18th century by introducing a "natural style" of acting. He is also famous for accidentally killing a man during a fight over a wig at the same theatre.

Macklin was born in County Donegal in the Irish region of Ulster in the north of Ireland. He was raised in Dublin, where he attended school in Islandbridge after his father's death and his mother's remarriage. Macklin became known for his many performances in the tragedy and comedy genre of plays. He gained his greatest fame in the role of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice. Macklin enjoyed a long career which was often steeped in controversy before dying aged 97.
Aubrey Moore
Aubrey Lackington Moore (1848–1890) was an English Anglo-Catholic priest and one of the first Christian Darwinians. He has been described as "the clergyman who more than any other man was responsible for breaking down the antagonisms towards Evolution then widely felt in the English Church".

Darwinism
Darwinism is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and his contemporaries. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860.

Darwinism stricto sensu lacks a clear theory of inheritance, in contrast with later neo-Darwinian theories such as the modern synthesis (which integrates mendelian inheritance).
Ambala language
Ambala is a Sambalic language spoken in the Philippines. It has more than 2,000 speakers and is spoken within Aeta communities in the Zambal municipalities of Subic, San Marcelino, and Castillejos; in the city of Olongapo; and in Dinalupihan, Bataan.

Reid (1994) reports the following Ambala locations, from SIL word lists:

Maliwacat, Cabalan, Olongapo, Zambales

Batong Kalyo (Pili), San Marcelino, Zambales

Himes (2012) also collected Ambala data from the following locations:

Pastolan, Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority

Gordon Heights, Olongapo City

SIL Global
SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics International) is an evangelical Christian nonprofit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development.

Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes software programs for language documentation, such as FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) and Lexique Pro.

Its main offices in the United States are located at the International Linguistics Center in Dallas, Texas.
Oskar von Hinüber
Oskar von Hinüber (born 18 February 1939 in Hanover) is a German Indologist. He joined the German Navy after leaving high school, and holds the rank of commander as a reservist. From 1960 to 1966 he studied at University of Tübingen, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, and University of Mainz, receiving his Ph.D. in 1966. From 1965 to 1981 von Hinüber served as assistant and then associate professor at Mainz and from 1981 was a professor of Indology at the University of Freiburg. He retired in March 2006.

Von Hinüber's special interests are Pāli, Sanskrit, and Middle Indo-Aryan languages, the history of technology in South Asia, inscriptions of the Northwest, and manuscripts and manuscript traditions in South and Southeast Asia. Among his many publications, the Handbook of Pali Literature is especially indicative of his comprehensive learning and scholarly authority.

German Navy
The German Navy (German: Deutsche Marine, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə maˈʁiːnə] ⓘ) is part of the unified Bundeswehr (Federal Defense), the German Armed Forces. The German Navy was originally known as the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy) from 1956 to 1995, when Deutsche Marine (German Navy) became the official name with respect to the 1990 incorporation of the East German Volksmarine (People's Navy). It is deeply integrated into the NATO alliance. Its primary mission is protection of Germany's territorial waters and maritime infrastructure as well as sea lines of communication. Apart from this, the German Navy participates in peacekeeping operations, and renders humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. It also participates in anti-piracy operations.
Julie Laipply
Julie Laipply is an American television personality, speaker and author who is recognized for her work promoting youth leadership development.

Laipply won the Miss Virginia USA 2002 title in a state pageant held in late 2001.  She represented Virginia in the Miss USA 2002 pageant broadcast live from Gary, Indiana in March 2002.

Laipply graduated from the Ohio State University Honors Program with a degree in Leadership Studies in 2000.  She competed in the Miss Ohio system prior to competing at Miss Virginia USA, and used the scholarship money she received to pay for college.  She moved to Virginia to become a consultant for a training firm contracted by The Pentagon where she served as a Senior Management Consultant in leadership training and development.

In addition to being a professional speaker who has traveled the country, Laipply received a New York Emmy-nomination for her work hosting positive, family friendly programming with NYC Media in New York City.

Miss USA 2002
Miss USA 2002 was the 51st Miss USA pageant, held at Genesis Convention Center in Gary, Indiana on March 1, 2002.  The event was won by Shauntay Hinton of the District of Columbia, who was crowned by outgoing queen Kandace Krueger of Texas.  The host was Deion Sanders.

This was the last Miss USA show was aired on CBS. Beginning with Miss USA 2003, NBC assumed co-ownership of the pageant along with Donald Trump, and as a result began televising the pageant.
Cuisine of Mantua
Mantuan cuisine is the set of traditional dishes of the Italian province of Mantua, some of which date back to the time of the Gonzaga.

It is a cuisine bound to the land by peasant traditions; however, it is very rich and varied. Differences can be found between local variants of the same dish.

Given the geographical position occupied by the province of Mantua, the Mantuan culinary tradition is similar to Emilian cuisine, where salami and pasta are more prevalent  and to Lombard cuisine, which makes more use of rice.

House of Gonzaga
The House of Gonzaga (US: /ɡənˈzɑːɡə, ɡɒn-, -ˈzæɡ-/; Italian: [ɡonˈdzaːɡa]) is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy-general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, as well as many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe. The family includes a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops. Two Gonzaga descendants became empresses of the Holy Roman Empire (Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Gonzaga-Nevers), and one became Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Marie Louise Gonzaga).
Kookynie, Western Australia
Kookynie is a town located in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia.
The name of the town is believed to be an Aboriginal word that means "waterhole" or "spring".  From being a busy town with a population of around 1,500 in 1905, Kookynie has become a ghost town, with around 77 inhabitants in 2006 and 99 in 2021.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Mir Haibat Khan Tanoli
Mir Haibat Khan Tanoli was the maternal cousin of Suba Khan Tanoli and the military chief or Wazir-e-Azam (Prime Minister) of Suba Khan Tanoli. He supported Suba Khan in Third Battle of Panipat and fought against the Hindu Jats and Sikh. After the death of Suba Khan Tanoli, he became the ruler and chief of Tanawal controlled by loya jirga in Tanoli Tribe. This created many rebellions inside the tribe. One son of Haibat khan, Hashim khan Tanoli, was killed by the son of Suba Khan Tanoli.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
2021 Rugby Europe Championship squads
This is a list of the complete squads for the rugby union 2021 Rugby Europe Championship contested annually by the national rugby teams of Georgia, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia and Spain. Georgia are the defending champions.

Note: Number of caps and players' ages are indicated as of 6 March 2021 – the tournament's opening day (except for the Netherlands who played their first match in July). For players added to a squad during the tournament, their caps and age are indicated as of the date of their call-up.

Dmitry Gerasimov (rugby union)
Dmitry Gerasimov also spelled as Dmitri Gerasimov (born 16 April 1988) is a Russian rugby union player who generally plays as a centre represents Russia internationally.

He was included in the Russian squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup which is scheduled to be held in Japan for the first time and also marks Dmitry's first World Cup appearance despite making his international debut in 2008.
Private forest
A private forest (also private woodland or private wood) is a forest that is not owned by municipal authorities (such as a corporate forest), church authorities or the state (e.g. a state forest or national forest). It can refer to woodland owned by a natural or juridical person or a partnership.It is the forest which is planted, nurtured or conserved in any private land.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, private forests are defined as forests owned by individuals, families, communities, private co-operatives, corporations and other business entities, religious and private educational institutions, pension or investment funds, NGOs, nature conservation associations and other private institutions.

Currently, 22 percent [of the world’s forests] are privately owned.

Globally, the share of publicly owned forests has decreased since 1990 and the area of forest under private ownership has increased.

Natural person
In jurisprudence, a natural person (also physical person in some Commonwealth countries, or natural entity) is a person (in legal meaning, i.e., one who has its own legal personality) that is an individual human being, distinguished from the broader category of a legal person, which may be a private (i.e., business entity or non-governmental organization) or public (i.e., government) organization. Historically, a human being was not necessarily considered a natural person in some jurisdictions where slavery existed (subject of a property right) rather than a person.
2023 Copa Oster
The 2023 Copa Oster was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and second as a WTA 125 tournament which is part of the 2023 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place at the Club Campestre in Cali, Colombia between 30 January and 5 February 2023. The event made a return to Cali after an absence of 10 years.

Whitney Osuigwe
Whitney Osuigwe (/əˈsɪɡweɪ/ ə-SIG-way; born April 17, 2002) is an American tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 105 and a best doubles ranking of No. 115, achieved in August 2019 and 2024, respectively.

In 2017, Osuigwe was the ITF Junior World Champion. She won the juniors 2017 French Open to become the first American to win the girls' singles event in Paris in 28 years.
Windhaven
Windhaven is a science fiction fix-up novel by American writers George R. R. Martin and Lisa Tuttle. The novel is a collection of three novellas compiled and first published together in 1981 by Timescape Books. It was published as a mass market paperback in 1982 by Pocket Books. Both editions featured cover art by Vincent Di Fate. It was later reprinted by Bantam Spectra in hardcover in 2001, and paperback in 2003 and 2012, with cover art by Stephen Youll. The novel was also published in paperback form in the UK by New English Library in 1982 and Gollancz in 1988.

Windhaven was nominated for a Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel in 1982, and finished in second place in that year's Locus Poll.

Vincent Di Fate
Vincent Di Fate (born November 21, 1945) is an American artist specializing in science fiction, fantasy and realistic space art (hardware art) illustration. He was inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame on June 25, 2011.
Caucas
Caucas or Kavkasos (Georgian: კავკასოსი, romanized: k'avk'asosi) was the supposed ancestor of Vainakh peoples (Chechens and Ingush) according to The Georgian Chronicles. His story is narrated in the compilation of the medieval Georgian chronicles, Kartlis Tskhovreba, taken down from oral tradition by Leonti Mroveli in the 11th century. The legend has it that he was a son of Targamos and, thus, brother of Hayk (known to be ancestor of Armenian people), Movakos, Lekos (referred to as the ancestor of Lezgic peoples), Heros, Kartlos (known to be ancestor of Georgian people), and Egros.

Caucas' descendant Dzurdzuk is said to be the ancestor of the Chechens and Ingush.

Kingdom of Hereti
The Kingdom of Hereti (Georgian: ჰერეთის სამეფო, romanized: heretis samepo) was a medieval Georgian monarchy which emerged in Caucasus on the Iberian-Albanian frontier. Nowadays it roughly corresponds to the southeastern corner of Georgia's Kakheti region and a portion of Azerbaijan's northwestern districts.

According to traditional accounts, the name of the province originated from the legendary patriarch "Heros", the son of Thargamos, who founded the city of Hereti (later known as Khoranta) at the Alazani River.
HNoMS Stegg
Two ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy have borne the name HNoMS Stegg. Stegg is the Norwegian term for the male grouse.:

HNoMS Stegg (1921) was a Trygg-class torpedo boat launched in 1921 and sunk by Kriegsmarine vessels in the Hardangerfjord on 20 April 1940.

HNoMS Stegg (P994) was a Hauk-class fast patrol boat commissioned on 18 March 1980 and decommissioned by 2008.

Hardangerfjord
The Hardangerfjord (English: Hardanger Fjord) is the fifth longest fjord in the world and the second longest fjord in Norway. It is located in the Hardanger region of Vestland county in western Norway. The fjord stretches 180 kilometres (110 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean into the mountainous interior of Norway along the Hardangervidda plateau. The innermost point of the fjord reaches the town of Odda.
2005 Turkish Grand Prix
The 2005 Turkish Grand Prix (officially the 2005 Formula 1 Turkish Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 21 August 2005 at Istanbul Park, Tuzla, Turkey. It was the fourteenth race of the 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship and the inaugural Turkish Grand Prix.

The 58-lap race was won by Finnish driver Kimi Räikkönen, driving a McLaren-Mercedes. Räikkönen took his fifth victory of the season after starting from pole position and leading every lap. Räikkönen's Colombian teammate, Juan Pablo Montoya, ran second until he collided with a backmarker and then ran wide in the closing laps, allowing Spaniard Fernando Alonso through in his Renault.

With five races remaining, Alonso led the Drivers' Championship by 24 points from Räikkönen, while Renault's lead over McLaren in the Constructors' Championship was nine points.

McLaren MP4-20
The McLaren MP4-20 was the car with which the McLaren team competed in the 2005 Formula One World Championship. The chassis was designed by Adrian Newey, Paddy Lowe, Pat Fry, Mike Coughlan and Peter Prodromou with Mario Illien designing the bespoke Ilmor engine. The car was driven by Kimi Räikkönen in his 4th season with the team and Juan Pablo Montoya who moved from Williams. The MP4-20 was the last McLaren car to be powered by Mercedes-Benz under the Ilmor partnership since the 1995 season.
Gridlinked
Gridlinked is a science fiction novel by British writer Neal Asher. His first novel, it was published by the Macmillan Publishers imprint Pan Books in 2001. It contains elements of the technological inventiveness of hard science fiction with a more contemporary political plotline. The novel follows the exploits of Earth Central Security agent Ian Cormac, as he attempts to discover who or what is behind the destruction of the Runcible on a remote colony. Cormac drops an investigation into Polity separatists on Cheyne III, and takes the starship Hubris to the ruined world of Samarkand to directly oversee the investigation there. Having been directly "gridlinked" to the Polity A.I. network for too long, Cormac has been slowly losing his humanity, and takes the opportunity of this particular mission to disconnect and solve the mystery the old-fashioned way.

Hard science fiction
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences, first appeared in the late 1970s. Though there are examples generally considered as "hard" science fiction such as Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, built on mathematical sociology, science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that while neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy, they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.
Tarald Brautaset
Tarald Osnes Brautaset (born 28 September 1946) is a Norwegian diplomat.

He is a cand.polit. by education, and started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1973. He was a member of the Norwegian delegation to the European Union from 1988 to 1994, during the negotiations for Norwegian membership in the Union (which were stopped after the 1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum) and then the European Economic Area. He then served as head of department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs until 1997, and as an advisor from 1997 to 2000 and 2005 to 2008. He was the Norwegian ambassador to the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2005 and later the ambassador to France from 2009 to 2014.

Tarald Brautaset was appointed Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 2000.

Brautaset lost the position in the United Kingdom after Bjarne Lindstrøm was removed from his office in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and installed in London instead.

1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Norway on 27 and 28 November 1994. After a long period of heated debate, the "no" side won with 52.2 per cent of the vote, on a turnout of 88.6 per cent. Membership of what was then the European Community had previously been rejected in a 1972 referendum, and by French veto in 1962.

As of 2025, this was the most recent referendum in Norway.
Gass, Maharashtra
Gass is a village in Vasai Taluka, located within the Palghar District of the Maharashtra state of India. In addition to its Hindu residents, it has a Roman Catholic population of about 5000 as of the year 2009. The worship at St. Gonsalo Garcia Catholic Church, which is dedicated to the patron saint of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Vasai, Gonsalo Garcia. It is a natural village with a big lake. It is home to salt farming and is popular for green vegetable farming.

It is known to be a well-educated village with a great GDP.

Vasai
Vasai (Konkani and Marathi pronunciation: [ʋəsəi]; British English: Bassein; formerly and alternatively Marathi; Bajipur) is a historical place and city located in the Palghar district; it was partitioned out of the Thane district in August 2014. It also forms a part of the Vasai-Virar twin cities in the Konkan division, Maharashtra, India, and comes under the police jurisdiction of the Mira-Bhayander, Vasai-Virar Police Commissionerate.

The Portuguese in Goa and Damaon built Fort Bassein to defend their colony and participate in the lucrative spice trade and the silk route that converged in the area. Much of Portuguese Bombay and Bassein was seized by Marathas under Peshwa rule, at the Battle of Vasai in 1739.

The British East India Company at Bombay then took the area from the Maratha Empire in 1780, following the First Anglo-Maratha War.