hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Gmail
The public history of Gmail dates back to 2004. Gmail, a free, advertising-supported webmail service with support for Email clients, is a product from Google. Over its history, the Gmail interface has become integrated with many other products and services from the company, with basic integration as part of Google Account and specific integration points with services such as Google+, Google Calendar, Google Drive, Google Hangouts, Google Meet, YouTube, and Google Buzz. It has also been made available as part of Google Workspace (formerly G Suite). The Official Gmail Blog tracks the public history of Gmail from July 2007.

Webmail
Webmail (or web-based email) is an email service that can be accessed using a standard web browser. It contrasts with email service accessible through a specialised email client software. Additionally, many internet service providers (ISP) provide webmail as part of their internet service package. Similarly, some web hosting providers also provide webmail as a part of their hosting package.

As with any web application, webmail's main advantage over the use of a desktop email client is the ability to send and receive email anywhere from a web browser.
Jairam Ramesh
Jairam Ramesh (born 9 April 1954) is a senior Indian politician to the Indian National Congress. He is a Member of Parliament representing Karnataka state in the Rajya Sabha. In July 2011, Jairam was elevated to the Union Council of Ministers of India and appointed Minister of Rural Development and Minister (additional charge) of the new Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. However, in the cabinet reshuffle in October 2012, he was divested of the portfolio of Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. He was previously the Indian Minister of State (Independent Charge) at the Ministry of Environment and Forests from May 2009 to July 2011.

Member of Parliament (India)
A Member of Parliament (MP) in India refers to persons who serve in the Parliament of India. These include:

Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha: Representative of the Indian states to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha: Representative of the Indian citizens to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)
"What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It was released in 1991 by Tabu Records as the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, All True Man (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. O'Neal's 19th hit single reached number 53 on the UK Singles Chart. In the United States, it peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The accompanying music video was directed by Dominic Orlando.

In September 2018, DJ David Morales accused Kanye West of stealing the bass line of "I Love It" from his remix to "What Is This Thing Called Love?".

David Morales
David Morales (/məˈræləs/; born August 21, 1961) is an American disc jockey, record producer and remixer.

David Morales has remixed and produced over 500 releases for artists including Mariah Carey, Aretha Franklin, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Spice Girls, Eric Clapton, Seal, Pet Shop Boys, U2, Donna Summer, Whitney Houston, Tina Turner, Madonna, Selena, and Jamiroquai. Morales was nominated for his first Grammy Award in 1996 as a Producer on Mariah Carey's album Daydream for the song “Daydream Interlude (Fantasy Sweet Dub Mix)”. He was nominated again the next year and won the 1998 Grammy Award for “Remixer of the Year”.

Morales is considered to be one of the first so-called superstar DJs. He has performed at many clubs around the globe, including numerous dates at Ibiza venues such as Pacha and Space. Morales also contributed to radio shows and released DJ mix compilations.
Raid (insecticide)
Raid is the brand name of a line of insecticide products produced by S. C. Johnson & Son, first launched in 1956.

The initial active ingredient was allethrin, the first synthetic pyrethroid. Raid derivatives aimed at particular invertebrate species can contain other active agents such as the more toxic cyfluthrin which is also a pyrethroid.
As of 2019, Raid Ant & Roach Killer contains pyrethroids, imiprothrin, and cypermethrin; other products contain tetramethrin and prallethrin as active ingredients. Raid Flying Insect Killer, a spray, uses piperonyl butoxide and D-phenothrin.

The brand was sold as Ridsect for Malaysian market.

Imiprothrin
Imiprothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is an ingredient in some commercial and consumer insecticide products for indoor use. It has low acute toxicity to humans through the inhalation and dermal routes, but to insects it acts as a neurotoxin causing paralysis. It is effective against cockroaches, waterbugs, ants, silverfish, crickets and spiders, among others.
Sangivamycin
Sangivamycin is a natural product originally isolated from Streptomyces rimosus, which is a nucleoside analogue. It acts as an inhibitor of protein kinase C. It has antibiotic, antiviral and anti-cancer properties and has been investigated for various medical applications, though never approved for clinical use itself. However, a number of related derivatives continue to be researched.

Oyagen, a biotechnology company, has been developing sangivamycin or OYA1, which showed efficacy against Ebola infections, as a broad spectrum antiviral for COVID-19. Tonix Pharmaceuticals licensed OYA1 from Oyagen in April 2021 to develop it for the treatment of COVID-19 and it is now called TNX-3500. In July 2022, Tonix announced that it was terminating development of TNX-3500, an antiviral inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, and the associated licence agreement with OyaGen, Inc. was expected to be terminated, effective September 20, 2022.

Streptomyces rimosus
Streptomyces rimosus is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

It was isolated from a soil sample in 1950 by A. C. Finlay et al., who isolated terramycin (earth fungus), later called oxytetracycline, from it.
Frederick Kenneth McTaggart
Frederick Kenneth McTaggart (30 November 1917 – 24 March 2004) was an Australian inorganic chemist who led pioneering research in microwave chemistry and gas plasma reactions – the production and use of ionised gas –and its applications in electronics, thermal coatings, treatment of polymers, and plasma metallurgy.

McTaggart invented and patented for the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation means of incorporating heat-resistant properties in paint, and novel apparatuses for the production of metals from halides using plasma jets or microwaves, and published in the field.

Ormond, Victoria
Ormond is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 12 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Ormond recorded a population of 8,328 at the 2021 census.

The suburb is named after politician Francis Ormond.
Francisco de Enciso Zárate
Francisco de Enciso Zárate was a Spanish writer. Born in Logroño, he was the son of a noble family fallen on hard times. He served as secretary to Don Pedro Álvarez Osorio, Marquess of Astorga. In 1532, while living in Valladolid, he wrote and published the first volume (consisting of three parts) of the chivalric romance Florambel de Lucea. The second volume (containing parts four and five) was published in Seville in 1548. The next year, he completed a manuscript (still extant) of the third and final volume, but this was never published. His romances are examples of the genre satirized in Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quijote de la mancha. He died in 1570.

It is thought that Francisco de Enciso Zárate may also be the author of Platir, an anonymous romance first published in Valladolid in 1533.

Logroño
Logroño (UK: /lɒˈɡrɒnjoʊ/ ⓘ log-RON-yoh, US: /ləˈɡroʊnjoʊ, loʊˈ-/ lə-GROHN-yoh, loh-, Spanish: [loˈɣɾoɲo] ⓘ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Castille, Navarre and Aragon during the Middle Ages.

The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products.
Urram
Urram (Gaelic for "Respect" as it is subtitled on the album front cover) is the fourth solo (studio) album by Karen Matheson, lead singer of the Scottish folk band Capercaillie, released on CD on 16 October 2015.

Capercaillie (band)
Capercaillie are a Scottish folk band, founded in 1984 by Donald Shaw and led by Karen Matheson, and which performs traditional Gaelic and contemporary songs in English. The group adapts traditional Gaelic music and traditional lyrics with modern production techniques and instruments such as electric guitar and bass guitar, though rarely synthesizers or drum machines.

They have sold over a million albums world-wide, including "three silver and one gold album in the UK". The BBC notes that the band has "achieved enormous global success both as a group and as individual musicians."
The Adventure Babies
The Adventure Babies were a Stafford-based Britpop band, founded by Matt Tedstone, Dave Atherton and Jez Bramwell in 1990. The band had three releases on the Factory Records label:

The Camper Van (EP) (FAC 319, 1991)

Laugh (album) (FACT 335, 1992)

"Barking Mad" (single) (FACT 347, 1992)

The Adventure Babies were the last band signed by Factory Records before it went bankrupt.  At the time of Factory's bankruptcy in 1992, test pressings had been made of a second single from the Laugh album, the title track.

The band continued playing with new guitarist Vulch (Bryan Wilkin) for a year, seeking a new recording contract.

A second album, Once Upon A Time The End, was issued in 2005, on CD only. In 2018 this was followed by a digital-only album release, Extracts of the Next.

Stafford
Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021 census, and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, founded a defensive burh; it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages and later grew into an important industrial town, due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.
Jeanie Deans (play)
Jeanie Deans is a play written by Dion Boucicault based on Sir Walter Scott's 1818 novel, The Heart of Midlothian. It is named after the heroine of the novel, Jeanie Deans.

It was first produced on 9 January 1860 at Laura Keene's Theatre, New York City. It was produced in London at the Westminster Theatre on 26 January 1863 under the title of 'The Trial of Effie Deans', and in Edinburgh at the Theatre Royal in 1910. Alice Marriott played the part of Jeanie Deans many times: "her most artistic success."

Thomas Hailes Lacy seems to have incorporated Boucicault's play in a later publication entitled: The Heart of Mid-Lothian; or, the Sisters of St. Leonard's

The play was also published as 'The Trial of Effie Deans' or 'The Heart of Mid-Lothian', but they are definitely the same play as 'Jeanie Deans'.

The Heart of Midlothian
The Heart of Mid-Lothian is the seventh of Sir Walter Scott's Waverley Novels. It was originally published in four volumes on 25 July 1818, under the title of Tales of My Landlord, 2nd series, and the author was given as "Jedediah Cleishbotham, Schoolmaster and Parish-clerk of Gandercleugh". The main action, which takes place between September 1736 and May 1737, is set in motion by the Porteous Riots in Edinburgh and involves an epic journey from Edinburgh to London by a working-class girl to obtain a royal commutation of the death penalty incurred by her sister for the alleged murder of her new-born baby. Despite some negative contemporary reviews, some now consider it Scott's best novel.
Cyclone Enawo
Intense Tropical Cyclone Enawo was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 2016–17 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Enawo was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike Madagascar since Gafilo in 2004, killing 78 people and causing $400 million in damages. Forming as a moderate tropical storm on 3 March, Enawo initially drifted and intensified slowly. It strengthened into a tropical cyclone on 5 March and further an intense tropical cyclone on 6 March. Enawo made landfall over Sava Region on 7 March just after reaching peak intensity, and it emerged back into the Indian Ocean as a post-tropical depression late on 9 March, before dissipating two days later. The most severe impacts were seen in the districts of Antalaha and Maroantsetra.

Sambava
Sambava [samˈbav] is a city and commune (commune urbaine; Malagasy: kaominina) at the east coast of northern Madagascar. It is the capital of Sambava District and Sava Region. The population of the commune was 84,039 in as of the 2018 commune census.
North of Sambava is the  Ampasimbato Lake (50 km).
2024 Letran Knights basketball team
The 2024 Letran Knights men's basketball team represented Colegio de San Juan de Letran in the centennial season of the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the Philippines. The men's basketball tournament for the school year 2024-25 began on September 7, 2024, and the host school for the season is Lyceum of the Philippines University.

The Knights finished the eliminations at sixth place with eight wins and ten losses, an improvement from last year's disastrous season. They missed the Final Four for the second consecutive time.

Letran big man Kevin Santos earned a spot in the All-Defensive Team honors.

Letran Knights basketball
The Letran Knights basketball is the collegiate men’s basketball program of the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. The Knights have won 20 championships since joining the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). It is the second winningest team in the NCAA, just behind the San Beda Red Lions.
Huffaker's mite experiment
In 1958, Carl B. Huffaker, an ecologist and agricultural entomologist at the University of California, Berkeley, did a series of experiments with predatory and herbivorous mite species to investigate predator–prey population dynamics. In these experiments, he created model universes with arrays of rubber balls and oranges (food for the herbivorous mites) on trays and then introduced the predator and prey mite species in various permutations. Specifically, Huffaker was seeking to understand how spatial heterogeneity and the varying dispersal ability of each species affected long-term population dynamics and survival. Contrary to previous experiments on this topic (especially those by Georgii Gause), he found that long-term coexistence was possible under select environmental conditions. He published his findings in the paper, "Experimental Studies on Predation: Dispersion Factors and Predator–Prey Oscillations".

Population dynamics
Population dynamics is the type of mathematics used to model and study the size and age composition of populations as dynamical systems. Population dynamics is a branch of mathematical biology, and uses mathematical techniques such as differential equations to model behaviour. Population dynamics is also closely related to other mathematical biology fields such as epidemiology, and also uses techniques from evolutionary game theory in its modelling.
Abdulwahab Al-Hamwi
Abdulwahab Al-Hamwi (born June 15, 1990, in Homs) is a Syrian professional basketball player. He plays for Al-Ittihad SC of the Syrian Basketball League. He is also a member of the Syrian national basketball team.

Syrian Basketball League
The Syrian Basketball League (Arabic: الدوري السوري لكرة السلة), officially Syriatel Basketbal League, is the top-tier professional men's basketball league in Syria. It is organized annually as a national championship with playoffs and a national cup by the Syrian Basketball Federation. Both Aleppo teams, Jalaa SC and Al-Ittihad SC, dominated the league until 1993.
Murrum Silli Dam
The  Murrum Silli Dam or Babu Chhotelal Shrivastav Dam, also spelled Madam Silli and Mordem Silli, is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Sillari River, a tributary of the Mahanadi in central eastern India. It was built under the supervision of British Raj governor Madam Silli for whom it was originally named. It is located in Dhamtari District of Chhattisgarh. Built between 1914 and 1923, it is the first dam in Asia to have siphon spillways. Madamsilli is about 95 km from Raipur. It is one of the most prominent architectural marvels in Chhattisgarh. Its primary purpose is irrigation.

On 3 June 1929 R.S. Rajendranath Sur (government civil engineer, Central province) was awarded by George V the title of "Rai Saheb" for his exemplary works on Murrum Silli Dam.

Mahanadi
The Mahanadi River is a major river in East Central India. It drains an area of around 132,100 square kilometres (51,000 sq mi) and has a total length of 900 kilometres (560 mi). Mahanadi is also known for the Hirakud Dam which was the first major multipurpose river valley project after India's independence in 1947. The river flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha, before finally ending in the Bay of Bengal.
Bringing Rain
Bringing Rain is a 2003 American independent drama film written and directed by Noah Buschel. It premiered at the 2003 Tribeca Film Festival and was released on DVD on September 20, 2005. It won first prize at the Rhode Island International Film Festival for directorial debut.

Rhode Island International Film Festival
Flickers' Rhode Island International Film Festival (RIIFF) takes place every year in Providence and Newport, Rhode Island, U.S., as well as satellite locations throughout the state.

Started in 1997, the Festival is produced by Flickers, the Newport Film/Video Society & Arts Collaborative, a 501(c)(3) non-profit created in 1981. RIIFF has been a qualifying festival for the Academy Awards since 2002.
1998 Derby City Council election
The 1998 Derby City Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Derby City Council in England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party kept overall control of the council.

One of the two Labour councillors defeated in the election was Milton Crosdale, the father of Imaani, who was taking part in the Eurovision Song Contest for the United Kingdom two days after the election. Crosdale had been defending a three-vote majority in Blagreaves ward.

After the election, the composition of the council was

Labour 37

Conservative 4

Liberal Democrat 3

Derby City Council
Derby City Council is the local authority for the city of Derby, in the ceremonial county of Derbyshire in the East Midlands region of England. Derby has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1997 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Since 2024 the council has been a member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2018. Following the 2023 election a minority Labour administration formed to run the council. The council is based at the Council House.
Outer Island Light
The Outer Island lighthouse is a lighthouse located on the northern tip of Outer Island, one of the Apostle Islands, in Lake Superior in Ashland County, Wisconsin, near the city of Bayfield.

The light was designed by United States Lighthouse Board Eleventh District Chief Engineer Orlando Poe and constructed under the supervision of his successor, Godfrey Weitzel.

Currently owned by the National Park Service and part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, part of reference number 77000145. It is listed in the Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey, WI-318. The lighthouse is attached to a two-story, red brick keeper's quarters.

Bayfield, Wisconsin
Bayfield a city in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 584 at the 2020 census, making it the city with the smallest population in Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Highway 13 serves as a main route in the community. Formerly the county seat and home to industries in lumbering and commercial fishing, today it is a tourist and resort destination referred to as the "Gateway to the Apostle Islands".
Simon McKeon
Simon Vincent McKeon (born 19 December 1955) is an Australian lawyer, businessman, philanthropist, and sportsman. He has been the 8th chancellor of Monash University, and non-executive director of Rio Tinto, Spotless Group, and National Australia Bank. He is retained by Macquarie Bank Melbourne as a consultant and is a fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors (FAICD). On 25 January 2011 he was named the 2011 Australian of the Year.

National Australia Bank
National Australia Bank Limited (abbreviated NAB, branded and stylised as nab) is one of the four largest financial institutions in Australia (colloquially referred to as "The Big Four") in terms of market capitalisation, earnings and customers. NAB was ranked the world's 21st-largest bank measured by market capitalisation and 52nd-largest bank in the world as measured by total assets in 2019.

As of January 2019, NAB operated 3,500 Bank@Post locations—including 7,000+ ATMs across Australia, New Zealand, and Asia—and served 9 million customers.

NAB has an "AA−" long-term issuer rating by Standard & Poor's.
Petralona, Chalkidiki
Petralona (Greek: Πετράλωνα) is a small locality in Chalkidiki, Macedonia, Greece. It is 6 km northwest of Triglia and 35 km southeast of Thessaloniki. Its altitude is 270 m (890 ft).

It is famous for the Petralona Cave about 1 km from the village, in which was discovered one of the earliest European humanoids.

Chalkidiki
Chalkidiki (/kælˈkɪdɪki/; Greek: Χαλκιδική, romanized: Chalkidikḗ [xalciðiˈci], alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos region constitutes the easternmost part of the peninsula, but not of the regional unit.

The capital of Chalkidiki is the town of Polygyros, located in the centre of the peninsula, while the largest town is Nea Moudania. Chalkidiki is a popular summer tourist destination.
Knappton, Washington
Knappton is a ghost town in Pacific County, in the U.S. state of Washington. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place. It is located not far from the mouth of the Columbia, a few miles east of the Astoria-Megler Bridge.

A post office called Knappton was established in 1871, and remained in operation until 1943. The community was named after J. B. Knapp, the proprietor of a local sawmill.

Astoria–Megler Bridge
The Astoria–Megler Bridge is a steel cantilever through-truss bridge in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States that spans the lower Columbia River. It carries a section of U.S. Route 101 from Astoria, Oregon, to Point Ellice near Megler, Washington. Opened in 1966, it is the longest continuous truss bridge in North America, and the second-longest in the world.

Lying 14 miles (23 km) from the river mouth at the Pacific Ocean, the bridge is four miles (6.5 km) in length, and was the final segment of U.S. Route 101 to be completed between Olympia, Washington, and Los Angeles, California.