hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crois-iarna
The Crois-iarna ('iron cross') within the textile arts, was a kind of hank reel for yarn. It was a rudimentary form of the ciud-siorraig. It consisted of a stick of a certain length, with a cross piece at each end, set at right angles to each other. The yarn is coiled on the cross pieces of the spool of the spinning wheel, so many threads or turns around the cross pieces, which threads are counted, make an old yard of cloth, i.e. 46 inches of a constant width such as the loom in use suffices to weave. It was found in Uist.

Uist
Uist is a group of six islands that are part of the Outer Hebridean Archipelago, which is part of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.

North Uist and South Uist (/ˈjuːɪst/ or /ˈuːɪst/; Scottish Gaelic: Uibhist [ˈɯ.ɪʃtʲ]) are two of the islands and are linked by causeways running via the isles of Benbecula and Grimsay.

From south to north, the inhabited islands in the island group are Èirisgeigh (Eriskay), Uibhist a Deas (South Uist), Grimsay (South), Beinn nam Faoghla (Benbecula), Eilean Fhlodaigh (Flodaigh), Griomasaigh Grimsay, Seana Bhaile, Uibhist a Tuath (North Uist), Am Baile Sear (Baleshare) and Beàrnaraigh (Berneray).

The islands, collectively, have a population of 4,723.
2023 in Afghanistan
Events in the year 2023 in Afghanistan.

According to the United Nations Development Programme, by 2022, 97% of Afghans could fall under the poverty threshold, which would plunge the country into a major humanitarian crisis and famine approaching the capital Kabul and other major towns and cities in Afghanistan, where millions of Afghan people starved to death, hundreds of thousands of more including men, women, children and babies are facing extreme acute hunger where heading into 2023.

In January 2023, the Taliban officials reported deaths of at least 157 people due to Afghanistan’s harsh winter. The number had doubled in less than a week. The impact was worsened after the Taliban banned female NGO workers.

Samangan Province
Samangan (Pashto, Dari: سمنگان) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located north of the Hindu Kush mountains in the central part of the country. The province covers 11,218 square kilometres (4,331 mi2), and is surrounded by Sar-e Pol Province in the west, Balkh in the north, Baghlan in the east and Bamyan in the south.

Samangan province is divided into 7 districts and contains 674 villages. It has a population of about 325,000, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. The city of Aybak serves as the provincial capital.

In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
Balderdash (game show)
Balderdash is an American television panel game show that aired on PAX TV from August 2, 2004, to February 4, 2005, with repeats airing until April 22, 2005. It was hosted by Elayne Boosler and announced by John Moschitta. The game was based on the board game of the same name, which in turn is based on the parlour game Fictionary.

Fictionary
Fictionary, also known as the Dictionary Game or simply Dictionary, is a word game in which players guess the definition of an obscure word. Each round consists of one player selecting and announcing a word from the dictionary, and other players composing a fake definition for it. The definitions, as well as the correct definition, are collected blindly by the selector and read aloud, and players vote on which definition they believe to be correct. Points are awarded for correct guesses, and for having a fake definition guessed by another player.
Nihilistic violent extremism
Nihilistic violent extremism (NVE), or nihilistic extremism, is a term used by law enforcement agencies to refer to extremism and violence lacking an ideological motivation, instead motivated by a misanthropic worldview and generalized hatred for society. It is closely associated with groups such as 764 and No Lives Matter. Despite nihilistic violent extremism's characterization as being unmotivated by genuine ideology, groups or individuals falling under this umbrella may adopt the aesthetics of, or have sympathies for, other extremist ideologies like neo-Nazism, the variant of Satanism associated with the Order of Nine Angles, and accelerationism. It is also closely associated with sexual misconduct, such as solicitation, production, or possession of child pornography, and sextortion.

Militant accelerationism
Militant accelerationism, also called neo-fascist accelerationism, neo-Nazi accelerationism, or simply accelerationism, is a far-right and white supremacist ideology which aims to cause societal collapse and the creation of white ethnostates through intentionally exacerbating social conflict, especially through political violence. Militant accelerationists believe that modern society is irredeemable for reasons such as liberalism and multiculturalism. As such, they promote and perform acts such as terrorism, murder, assassination, and infrastructure sabotage, with the belief that such actions will help destroy the current system and allow for the creation of a new one built on white nationalism.
Tarek al-Zumar
Tarek al-Zumar is an Egyptian Islamist politician and the secretary-general of the Building and Development Party. The party has a non-political wing named al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya. Al-Zumar was a member of Egyptian Islamic Jihad. His cousin is Aboud El Zomor, who was imprisoned along with him.

Al-Zumar was imprisoned in 1984 on suspicion of involvement in the assassination of Anwar Sadat and was released during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Al-Zumar and his cousin received a hero's welcome from the Muslim Brotherhood when they were released from prison.

On October 6, 2012, al-Zumar was invited to attend a speech by Mohamed Morsi on the anniversary of the Yom Kippur War, seen as one of Sadat's great accomplishments. His attendance overshadowed the content of Morsi's speech and offended many non-Brotherhood Egyptians.

On 14 July 2013 Egypt's prosecutor general Hisham Barakat ordered his assets to be frozen. Afterwards, al-Zumar fled to Qatar.

Assassination of Anwar Sadat
On 6 October 1981, Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt, was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate the victory over Israel in the 1973 war, during which the Egyptian Army had crossed the Suez Canal at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War. The assassination was undertaken by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Although the motive has been debated, Sadat's assassination likely stemmed from Islamic nationalists, anti-imperialists, and pro-Palestinian groups opposed to Sadat's peace initiative with Israel and the United States relating to the Camp David Accords.
The Little Peasant
"The Little Peasant" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimm's Fairy Tales, number 61.

It follows the Aarne-Thompson Index type 1535, The Rich Peasant and the Poor Peasant, and includes an episode of type 1737, Trading Places with the Trickster in a Sack.  Other tales of this type include the Norwegian Big Peter and Little Peter from Norske Folkeeventyr collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, the Latin Versus de unibove, and Little Claus and Big Claus by Hans Christian Andersen.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
OpenProcurement
Free and open-source software portal

OpenProcurement is an open source procurement software toolkit that automates procurement processes. It provides tools to design and build a transparent and competitive procurement process backed by strong data collection, electronic documents, and detailed reporting.

OpenProcurement toolkit was first released in 2014 under Apache license for free and open source software. Originally OpenProcurement had been developed by Quintagroup for ProZorro, a procurement system implemented to provide transparent and efficient spending of public funds in Ukraine. But due to toolkit’s flexibility and scalability it remains in use for other government and private sector procurements.

AngularJS
AngularJS (also known as Angular 1) is a discontinued free and open-source JavaScript-based web framework for developing single-page applications. It was maintained mainly by Google and a community of individuals and corporations. It aimed to simplify both the development and the testing of such applications by providing a framework for client-side model–view–controller (MVC) and model–view–viewmodel (MVVM) architectures, along with components commonly used in web applications and progressive web applications.

AngularJS was used as the frontend of the MEAN stack, that consisted of MongoDB database, Express.js web application server framework, AngularJS itself (or Angular), and Node.js server runtime environment.

As of January 1, 2022, Google no longer updates AngularJS to fix security, browser compatibility, or jQuery issues. The Angular team recommends upgrading to Angular (v2+) as the best path forward, but they also provided some other options.
Coliseo Rebekah Colberg Cabrera
The Rebekah Colberg Cabrera Coliseum (Spanish: Coliseo Rebekah Colberg Cabrera), named in honor of Rebekah Colberg, is an indoor arena in Puerto Rico dedicated to entertainment and sports. It is located at Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico.

Among many Sports activities held in this venue:

Community Basketball.

World's Best 10K, track & field.

Indias de Mayagüez 2009 season, Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino.

NBA Basketball Sin Fronteras.

World Wrestling Council Shows

Fencing events at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games.

Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino
The Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino (LVSF) is a women's professional volleyball league in Puerto Rico. The competitions are organized by the Puerto Rican Volleyball Federation (Federación Puertorriqueña de Voleibol, FPV).
Julia Jarcho
Julia Jarcho is an American experimental playwright and director and professor of theater and performance studies. The NYC company Minor Theater produces and debuts her new works. She won the 2013 Obie for Best New American Play for Grimly Handsome. Chief theater critic for The New York Times Ben Brantley has called her "a queen of experimental mayhem". Jarcho is an Associate Professor and Head the MFA Playwriting Program at Brown University.

Minor Theater
The Minor Theatre, located at 1001 H Street in Arcata, California, reopened under independent ownership in 2016.  It is the second oldest movie theater in the United States to be built for that purpose. (The oldest movie theater in California is the Cameo Cinema in St Helena, Napa Valley.) It was the first building in Humboldt County to be built as a "true movie theatre."
Olga Bennett
Olga Bennett (born October 1947) is a former Fianna Fáil politician from Dublin in Ireland. She was a senator from 1993 to 1997.

A fashion buyer before entering politics, she stood unsuccessfully as a Fianna Fáil candidate for Dáil Éireann in the Dublin West constituency at the 1987 and 1989 general elections. After her 1989 defeat, she was nominated by the Taoiseach Charles Haughey to the 19th Seanad.

At the 1992 general elections she stood in the Dublin Central constituency, where she again failed to win a seat, winning less than 3% of the first-preference votes.  Bennett then contested the election to the 20th Seanad on the Industrial and Commercial Panel, but was not elected.  She did not stand again for either the Dáil or Seanad.

20th Seanad
The 20th Seanad was in office from 1993 to 1997. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1992 general election to the 27th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 21st Seanad.
Ferenc Kazinczy
Ferenc Kazinczy (Hungarian: [ˈkɒzintsi ˈfɛrɛnt͡s]), (in older English: Francis Kazinczy, October 27, 1759 – August 23, 1831) was a Hungarian author, poet, translator, neologist, an agent in the regeneration of the Hungarian language and literature at the turn of the 19th century. Today his name is connected with the extensive Language Reform of the 19th century, when thousands of words were coined or revived, enabling the Hungarian language to keep up with scientific progress and become an official language of the nation in 1844. For his linguistic and literary works he is regarded as one of the cultural founders of the Hungarian Reform Era along with Dávid Baróti Szabó, Ferenc Verseghy, György Bessenyei, Mátyás Rát and János Kis.

Hungarian Reform Era
The Hungarian Reform Era was a period of Hungarian history in the 19th century characterized by a distancing from Habsburg rule. Its beginning was marked by the reconvening of the Diet of Hungary of 1825 and the foundation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, later ending with the Hungarian Revolution in 1848.
Karl Theodor Menke
Karl Theodor Menke (13 September 1791 – 1861) was a German malacologist and balneologist who was a native of Bremen. He is remembered for his research on snails.

Menke studied medicine at the University of Göttingen (with Promotion in 1814), and worked as a physician at the spa in Bad Pyrmont. In 1831, he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In 1844, he founded the journal Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie (from 1854 titled Malakozoologische Blätter). With Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer (1805—1877), he was editor of the magazine.

During his lifetime, Menke amassed a large collection of snail shells, which were purchased by dealer M. J. Landauer of Frankfurt after his death.

The sea snail species Cerithium menkei and Natica menkeana are named in honor of Menke. In 1843, Menkea a genus of flowering plants from Australia, belonging to the family Brassicaceae was published and named in his honour.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
James Slough Zerbe
James Slough Zerbe (September 18, 1849 – February 8, 1921) was an American inventor, early aircraft builder, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, and author. He designed planes with multiple wings, including the Zerbe Sextuplane and the Zerbe Air Sedan. Zerbe wrote a series of instructional books for boys on subjects like carpentry, automobiles, electricity, and "aeroplanes"; and also wrote an adventure and travel books. He lived in Ohio, New York City, and later California.

Zerbe Sextuplane
The Zerbe Sextuplane was an unconventional early aircraft designed by James Slough Zerbe around 1908. The aircraft mounted six wings, heavily staggered, above a framework on which the pilot sat; propulsion was provided by a single propeller mounted in a tractor configuration. No record survives of the Sextuplane's performance.
Brotherhood of Murder
Brotherhood of Murder is a 1999 American crime drama television film directed by Martin Bell and written by Robert J. Avrech, based on the 1988 autobiography by Tom Martinez and John Guinther. The film stars William Baldwin, Peter Gallagher, and Kelly Lynch, and tells the true story of the white supremacist group The Order, its founder Robert Jay Mathews, and the largest cash robbery in US history. It centers around group member-turned-FBI-informant Martinez and his involvement in the group. It aired on Showtime on December 12, 1999.

Robert J. Avrech
Robert J. Avrech is an American screenwriter whose works include the 1984 film Body Double (with Brian De Palma) and A Stranger Among Us (1992). He won an Emmy Award for his screenplay The Devil's Arithmetic, based on the young adult novel by Jane Yolen.

He is also the author of the children's novel The Hebrew Kid and the Apache Maiden, and the memoir How I Married Karen, and publishes personal and political writings on his blog, Seraphic Press.
David Meredith Reese
David Meredith Reese (1800–1861) was an American physician and skeptic.

Reese worked as a physician at the Bellevue Hospital until 1849. He was a skeptical of the many "isms" of his day. He had heavily criticized quackery in his book Humbugs of New York (1838). He was highly critical of phrenology.

Reese's book was published several years before Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841) and has been described as early debunking work.

In 1835, Reese published Letters to the Hon. William Jay. A Reply to his 'Inquiry Into The American Colonization and American Anti-Slavery Movements, in which he supports the efforts of the American Colonization Society.

Debunker
A debunker is a person or organization that exposes or discredits claims believed to be false, exaggerated, or pretentious. The term is often associated with skeptical investigation of controversial topics such as UFOs, claimed paranormal phenomena, cryptids, conspiracy theories, alternative medicine, religion, and exploratory or fringe areas of scientific or pseudoscientific research. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "debunk" is defined as: "to expose the sham or falseness of." The  New Oxford American Dictionary defines "debunk" as "expose the falseness or hollowness of (a myth, idea, or belief)". If debunkers are not careful, their communications may backfire – increasing an audience's long-term belief in myths. Backfire effects can occur if a message spends too much time on the negative case, if it is too complex, or if the message is threatening.
Gorraki
Gorraki is a village in Haripur district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Gorraki is the main hub for nearby Bandaa (small villages). Sub divisions include Jarral Awan and Kutab Shahi Awan.

Residents regularly face a water shortage.

Haripur District
Haripur District (Hindko, Urdu: ضلع ہری پور) is a district in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Before obtaining the status of a district in 1991, Haripur was a tehsil of Abbottabad District Its headquarters are the city of Haripur. According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Haripur District is 1,173,056 (1.1 million).
1973 Bassetlaw District Council election
The 1973 Bassetlaw District Council election took place on 7 June 1973, to elect all 51 members of Bassetlaw District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. The election resulted in the Labour Party winning a majority of seats on the council.

This was the first election to elect members of the new district council for Bassetlaw following its creation by the Local Government Act 1972. The council acted as a shadow authority until 1 April 1974, when it gained control over local government functions from its predecessor authorities; the East Retford Rural District, the Municipal Borough of East Retford, the Municipal Borough of Worksop and the Worksop Rural District councils.

1973 United Kingdom local elections
The first elections to the new local authorities established by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales and the new Northern Ireland district councils created by the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 took place in 1973. Elections to the existing Greater London Council also took place.
St Lawrence's Church, Lydeard St Lawrence
The Anglican Church of St Lawrence in Lydeard St Lawrence, Somerset, England dates from 1350 and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

The parish is part of the benefice of Bishops Lydeard with Lydeard St Lawrence, Bagborough, Combe Florey and Cothelstone within the archdeaconry of Taunton.

Cothelstone
Cothelstone is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated in the Quantock Hills six miles north of Taunton. The parish, which includes the hamlet of Toulton, has a population of 111.

The view from Cothelstone with a telescope on a fine day is said to include 14 counties and 150 churches.
Jetsonmade
Tahj Morgan (born July 27, 1996), known professionally as jetsonmade (stylized in all lowercase), is an American record producer and songwriter. He has been noted as a pioneer of the growing rap scene in the Carolinas. He has produced many hit songs, with the most notable being "Suge" and "Bop" by fellow North Carolinian, rapper DaBaby, as well as "Whats Poppin" by Kentucky rapper Jack Harlow, and “@ Meh” by Atlanta rapper Playboi Carti. He is also noted for his popular producer tag, "Oh Lord, Jetson made another one!".

Carolinas
The Carolinas (informally Carolina) are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina considered together as a historical or cultural entity. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and south.

The Carolinas originally formed the British Province of Carolina during America's early colonial period, from 1663 until they were declared two separate royal colonies in 1729. The land had previously been a part of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, from 1609 to 1663. The province was named Carolina to honor King Charles I of England. Carolina is a feminine form of the Latin word Carolus, meaning "Charles".

The Carolinas have a total of 15,557,813 residents. The largest city of the Carolinas (ranked by land area and population) is Charlotte, North Carolina.
Xeer
Xeer (pronounced [ħeːr]) is the traditional legal system used by Somalis in Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Somali Region of Ethiopia, and the North Eastern Province in Kenya. It is one of the three systems from which formal Somali law draws its inspiration, the others being civil law and Islamic law. It is believed to pre-date Islam. However, Islam influenced it, with Xeer incorporating many Islamic legal principles. Under this system, the elders, known as the xeer begti, serve as mediator judges and help settle court cases, taking precedent and custom into account. Xeer is polycentric in that different groups within Somali society have different interpretations of xeer.

North Eastern Province (Kenya)
The North Eastern Province is one of the former provinces of Kenya. It had a land area of 127,358.5 km2, with its capital at Garissa. The North Eastern Province was carved out of the then Northern Frontier District (NFD) prior to independence.

During negotiations for Kenya's independence, Britain granted administration of the NFD which included all of the North Eastern province to Kenyan nationalists despite an informal plebiscite showing the overwhelming desire of the region's population to join the newly formed Somali Republic. It is, and has historically been, mostly inhabited by Somalis.
Spiky Harold
Spiky Harold is a platform video game written by Andrew Rogers and published by Firebird Software in 1986. It was released for Amstrad CPC, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 16 / Plus/4, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum home computers.

Telecomsoft
Telecomsoft was a British video game publisher and a division of British Telecom. The company was founded by Ederyn Williams in 1984 and operated three separate labels: Firebird, Rainbird, and Silverbird. The first employee was James Leavey, seconded from elsewhere in BT, who, along with Tony Rainbird, became the driving force behind the company in the early days.