hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
José E. Romero
José Emeterio Muñoz Romero Sr. (3 March 1897 – 23 October 1978), commonly known as José E. Romero, was a statesman and diplomat from the Philippines. He represented Negros Oriental's Second District and was Majority Floor Leader during the Ninth and Tenth Philippine Legislatures and the First and Second National Assemblies of the Philippines. He was senator-elect of the First Congress of the Philippines and later became the first Philippine ambassador to the United Kingdom and Secretary of Education.

Philippine Legislature
The Philippine Legislature was the legislature of the Philippines from 1907 to 1935, during the American colonial period, and predecessor of the current Congress of the Philippines. It was bicameral and the legislative branch of the Insular Government.

From 1907 to 1916, under the Philippine Organic Act of 1902, the legislature's lower house was the elected Philippine Assembly and its upper house was the appointed Philippine Commission, headed by the American governor general (who also served as the executive of the Insular Government).

In 1916, the Jones Law abolished the Philippine Commission and reorganized the Philippine Legislature as a fully elected, bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and House of Representatives, precursors to current Senate of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines.

In 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established and the National Assembly of the Philippines replaced the Philippine Legislature.
Latin Grammy Award for Best Portuguese Language Rock or Alternative Album
The Latin Grammy Award for Best Portuguese Language Rock or Alternative Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally.

According to the category description guide for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards, the award is for vocal or instrumental Portuguese Language Rock albums containing at least 51% playing time of newly recorded material. For Solo artists, duos or groups.

From 2000 to 2015, the award category was presented as Best Brazilian Rock Album and was changed to its current name in 2016.

Brazilian band Os Paralamas do Sucesso and singer Erasmo Carlos hold the record of most wins in the category with three each.

Erasmo Carlos
Erasmo Carlos (born Erasmo Esteves; 5 June 1941 – 22 November 2022) was a Brazilian singer and songwriter, most closely associated with his friend and longtime collaborator Roberto Carlos (no relation). Together, they created many chart hits including "É proibido fumar", "Sentado à beira do caminho", "Além do horizonte", "Amigo" and "Festa de arromba".

A core member of the Jovem Guarda ("Young Guard") scene of 1960s Brazilian pop-rock, Erasmo often appeared on television, in magazines and feature films with fellow teen idols Roberto Carlos and Wanderléa.
2020 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The 2020 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Campinas, Brazil between 30 November and 6 December 2020.

Campinas
Campinas (/kæmˈpiːnəs/ kam-PEE-nəs, Brazilian Portuguese: [kɐ̃ˈpinɐs]; lit. 'Plains, Meadows') is a city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, located 84 kilometers northwest of the city of São Paulo. As of 2024, the city's population is estimated at 1,185,977, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian city and the third most populous in São Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area encompasses twenty municipalities with a total population of 3,491,150 people.
Thawi Watthana district
Thawi Watthana (Thai: ทวีวัฒนา, pronounced [tʰā.wīː wát.tʰā.nāː]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbor, clockwise from north, are Bang Kruai district of Nonthaburi province, Taling Chan, Bang Khae, and Nong Khaem Districts of Bangkok, Sam Phran and Phutthamonthon of Nakhon Pathom province.

Nonthaburi province
Nonthaburi is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946 (Thursday).

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, and Nakhon Pathom. Nonthaburi is the most densely populated province after Bangkok. The Bang Kwang Central Prison is in the province.
Zipf Brewery
The Zipf Brewery (in German: Brauerei Zipf) is a brewery in the Upper Austrian municipality of Neukirchen an der Vöckla (Vöcklabruck District). It is named after its location in the Zipf division and is part of Brau Union Österreich AG, the majority of whose shares are owned by Heineken.

Heineken N.V.
Heineken N.V. (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛinəkə(n)]), branded as The Heineken Company is a Dutch multinational brewing company, founded in 1864 by Gerard Adriaan Heineken in Amsterdam. As of 2019, Heineken owns over 165 breweries in more than 70 countries. It produces 348 international, regional, local and speciality beers and ciders and employs approximately 85,000 people.

With an annual beer production of 24.14 billion litres in 2019, and global revenues of 23.894 billion euro in 2019, Heineken N.V. is the number one brewer in Europe and one of the largest brewers by volume in the world. Heineken's Dutch breweries are located in Zoeterwoude, 's-Hertogenbosch and Wijlre. The original brewery in Amsterdam, closed in 1988, is preserved as a museum called the Heineken Experience.

Since the merger between the two largest brewing empires in the world, Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller, in October 2016, Heineken has been the second-largest brewer in the world.
Srebrna Góra, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Srebrna Góra [ˈsrɛbrna ˈɡura] (lit. 'Silver Mountain') is a village (former town) in the administrative district of Gmina Stoszowice, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Ząbkowice County
Ząbkowice County (Polish: powiat ząbkowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 801.75 square kilometres (309.6 sq mi). Its administrative seat is Ząbkowice Śląskie, and it also contains the towns of Ziębice, Złoty Stok and Bardo.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 65,104. The most populated towns are Ząbkowice Śląskie with 15,004 inhabitants and Ziębice with 8,708 inhabitants.
Functional shift
In linguistics, functional shift occurs when an existing word takes on a new syntactic function. If no change in form occurs, it is called a zero derivation. For example, the word like, formerly only used as a preposition in comparisons (as in "eats like a pig"), is now also used in the same way as the subordinating conjunction as in many dialects of English (as in "sounds like he means it"). The boundary between functional shift and conversion (the derivation of a new word from an existing word of identical form) is not well-defined, but it could be construed that conversion changes the lexical meaning and functional shift changes the syntactic meaning.

Shakespeare uses functional shift, for example using a noun to serve as a verb.  Researchers found that this technique allows the brain to understand what a word means before it understands the function of the word within a sentence.

Like
In English, the word like has a very wide range of uses, both conventional and non-standard. It can be used as a noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, particle, conjunction, hedge, filler, quotative, and semi-suffix.
Canton of La Courneuve
The canton of La Courneuve is an administrative division of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in La Courneuve.

It consists of the following communes:

Le Bourget

La Courneuve

Dugny

Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: [sɛn sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ⓘ) is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the Île-de-France region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as quatre-vingt treize or neuf trois ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny.

In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 39 communes. In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is Séquano-Dionysiens; more common is Dionysiens.
2008 United States Shadow Representative election in the District of Columbia
On November 4, 2008, the District of Columbia held a U.S. House of Representatives election for its shadow representative. Unlike its non-voting delegate, the shadow representative is only recognized by the district and is not officially sworn or seated. Incumbent Shadow Representative Mike Panetta won election to a second term.

Shadow congressperson
The posts of shadow United States senator and shadow United States representative are held by elected or appointed government officials from subnational polities of the United States that lack congressional vote. While these officials are not seated in either chamber of Congress, they seek recognition for their subnational polity, up to full statehood. This would enfranchise them with full voting rights on the floor of the U.S. House and Senate, alongside existing states. As of 2021, only the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have authorized shadow delegations to Congress.

This is distinct from shadow delegates, who are elected or appointed from subnational polities of the United States to seek non-voting participation in the House. As of 2024, only the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians elect shadow delegates.
Chloraseptic
Chloraseptic is an American brand of oral analgesic that is produced by Tarrytown, New York–based Prestige Consumer Healthcare, and is used for the relief of sore throat and mouth pain.  Its active ingredient is phenol (just in Sore Throat Spray, not in Sore Throat Lozenges), a compound whose antiseptic properties were discovered by Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge.

Other Chloraseptic formulas are based on benzocaine.

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge
Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (8 February 1794 – 25 March 1867) was a German analytical chemist. Runge identified the mydriatic (pupil dilating) effects of belladonna (deadly nightshade) extract, identified caffeine, and discovered the first coal tar dye (aniline blue).
Olde English 800
Olde English 800 is a brand of American malt liquor brewed by the Miller Brewing Company. Introduced in 1964, it has been produced by the company since 1999. It is available in a variety of serving sizes including (since the late 1980s) a 40-U.S.-fluid-ounce (1,200-milliliter) bottle.

Miller Brewing Company
Miller Brewing Company is an American brewery based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was founded in 1855 by Frederick Miller and was acquired by Molson Coors in 2016. Molson Coors continues to operate the Miller Brewery at the site of the original Miller Brewing Company complex in Milwaukee. Miller has produced several prominent beer brands, including Miller Lite, Miller High Life, and Milwaukee's Best.
John L. Smith
John Lawrence Smith (born November 15, 1948) is an American college football coach. He was the head football coach at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky, a position he held from 2016 until he was fired by the university in 2018.

Smith was previously the head football coach at the University of Idaho (1989–1994), Utah State University (1995–1997), the University of Louisville (1998–2002), Michigan State University (2003–2006), University of Arkansas (2012), and Fort Lewis College in Colorado (2013–2016). He had been named head coach of his alma mater, Weber State University, after the 2011 season, but left after spring drills to take over at Arkansas following the firing of Bobby Petrino in April 2012. Smith has also been an assistant at multiple programs, most recently at Arkansas under Petrino, where he was in charge of special teams from 2009 to 2011.

University of Idaho
The University of Idaho (U of I, or UIdaho) is a public land-grant research university in Moscow, Idaho, United States. Established 137 years ago in 1889 and opened three years later, it was the state's sole university for 71 years, until 1963.

The university comprises ten undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. It enrolls approximately 12,000 students across its campuses, with 11,000 on the Moscow campus. The university is classified among "Research 1: Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

Located on the rural Palouse, the university is represented in intercollegiate athletics by the Idaho Vandals, who compete in NCAA Division I, primarily in the Big Sky Conference. In addition to the main campus in Moscow, the U of I has branch campuses in Coeur d'Alene, Boise, and Idaho Falls; it also operates a research park in Post Falls, and dozens of extension offices statewide.
Tony Briffa (politician)
Tony Briffa (born, 1970) is a Maltese-Australian politician who is notable for being the world's first known intersex mayor and public officeholder.

Briffa has partial androgen insensitivity syndrome, and was mayor of the City of Hobsons Bay, Victoria.

Briffa was raised as a girl, then lived for a time as a man, and now chooses to live as female. Briffa is one of the first people to be public about her experience of being mistreated by doctors as a result of her intersex variation, and about intersex human rights.

City of Hobsons Bay
The City of Hobsons Bay is a local government area in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It comprises the south-western suburbs between 6 and 20 km from the Melbourne city centre.

It takes its name from Hobsons Bay, the water body off the east code of the LGA, named after Captain William Hobson. The city has an area of 64 square kilometres, and in June 2018 had a population of 96,470.
Jaydev P. Desai
Jaydev P. Desai is an Indian roboticist, known for his research in robotic surgery and the control and coordination of multi-robot formations.

As of 2024, he holds the G.P. "Bud" Peterson and Valerie H. Peterson Faculty Professorship in Pediatric Research and the Cardiovascular Biomedical Engineering Distinguished Chair in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University. He is an elected fellow of the  American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2015), the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (2017), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (2018), and was the founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Medical Robotics Research. He was previously at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering is a department in the Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, and Peking University College of Engineering dedicated to the study of and research in biomedical engineering, and is named after the pioneering engineer and Georgia Tech alumnus Wallace H. Coulter.
Peter Nixon (rugby union)
Peter William Nixon (born 5 July 1984) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.

Born in Nelson, Nixon attended Christ's College and was a New Zealand under-21s representative loose forward.

Nixon started his provincial career at Canterbury but found it hard to force his way into the line up and in 2007 was loaned out to Tasman, who were looking to replace the departed George Naoupu. He made three appearances off the bench for the Crusaders during the 2007 Super 14 season.

New Zealand national under-21 rugby union team
The New Zealand Under 21s rugby union team was a national representative team for players aged under-21. In 2008, in accordance with new IRB rule, the New Zealand Under 21s and the Under 19s were both permanently replaced by the New Zealand Under 20s for the inaugural 2008 IRB Junior World Championship.
2010–11 Weber State Wildcats men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Weber State Wildcats men's basketball team represented Weber State University in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Wildcats, led by head coach Randy Rahe, played their home games at the Dee Events Center in Ogden, Utah, as members of the Big Sky Conference. The Wildcats finished the regular season 3rd in the Big Sky, and won their first game in the Big Sky tournament. Weber State was eliminated in the semifinals of the tournament by Montana.

Weber State failed to qualify for the NCAA tournament, but were invited to the 2011 College Basketball Invitational. The Wildcats were eliminated in the first round of the CBI in a loss to eventual tournament champion Oregon, 68–59.

2010–11 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team represented the University of Oregon during the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ducks, led by first year head coach Dana Altman, played the first part of their home games at McArthur Court until the completion of their new stadium, Matthew Knight Arena, in January. They are members of the Pacific-10 Conference. They finished the season 21–18, 7–11 in Pac-10 play and lost in the semifinals of the 2011 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament to Washington. They were invited to and were champions of the 2011 College Basketball Invitational, defeating Creighton in the best-of-three games finals 2–1. The Ducks were the second team from the Pac-10 to enter the CBI with a losing record and win the tournament (Oregon State, 2009).
EcoRI
EcoRI (pronounced "eco R one") is a type II restriction enzyme isolated from Escherichia coli. It cleaves DNA double helices into fragments at specific sites, and is also a part of the restriction modification system. The enzyme's name originates from the species from which it was isolated: "E" denotes generic name (Escherichia), "co" denotes species name (coli), "R" represents the strain (RY13), and the "I" denotes that it was the first enzyme isolated from this strain.

In molecular biology it is used for restriction digests. EcoRI creates sticky ends with 5' end overhangs of AATT. The nucleic acid recognition sequence where the enzyme cuts is G↓AATTC, which has a palindromic complementary sequence of CTTAA↓G.

Restriction digest
In molecular biology, a restriction digest is a procedure used to prepare DNA for analysis or other processing.  It is sometimes termed DNA fragmentation, though this term is used for other procedures as well. In a restriction digest, DNA molecules are cleaved at specific regions of 4-12 nucleotides in length (restriction sites) by use of restriction enzymes which recognize these sequences.

The resulting digested DNA is very often selectively amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), making it more suitable for analytical techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis, and chromatography.  It is used in genetic fingerprinting, plasmid subcloning, and RFLP analysis.
Vani Rani (film)
Vani Rani is a 1974 Indian Tamil-language film, directed initially by Tapi Chanakya and completed by C. V. Rajendran. It was produced by Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Vanisri, and R. Muthuraman. It is a remake of the Hindi film Seeta Aur Geeta. The film was released on 12 April 1974.

Chakrapani (director)
Aluru Venkata Subbarao (5 August 1908 – 24 September 1975), popularly known by his pen name Chakrapani, was an Indian screenwriter, film producer, studio owner, and director in Telugu cinema. He received two Filmfare Awards and was notable for his association with Vijaya Vauhini Studios, one of Asia's largest studios at the time. Chakrapani was also a partner at Vijaya Productions alongside B. Nagi Reddi and co-founded Chandamama, the children's magazine.
Akayu, Yamagata
Akayu (赤湯町, Akayu-chō) was a town located in Higashiokitama District, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 1967, the town had an estimated population of 12,860 and a population density of 313 persons per km2. The total area was 41.10 km2.

On April 1, 1967, Akayu was merged into the expanded city of Nan'yō and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. It has a population of 1,005,926 (1 February 2025) and an area of 9,325 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Its neighbours are Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.

The capital and largest city is Yamagata, with other major cities being Tsuruoka, Sakata and Yonezawa. The prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
Yasser (play)
Yasser is a play by Moroccan-born Dutch novelist, playwright and journalist Abdelkader Benali. It was written in 2001, and describes the challenges and adversities faced by a Palestinian actor in playing the role of Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.

The Merchant of Venice
The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. A merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan taken out on behalf of his dear friend, Bassanio, and provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock, with seemingly inevitable fatal consequences.

Although classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for the character Shylock and his famous demand for a "pound of flesh".

The play contains two famous speeches, that of Shylock, "Hath not a Jew eyes?" on the subject of humanity, and that of Portia on "the quality of mercy". Debate exists on whether the play is antisemitic, with Shylock's insistence on his legal right to the pound of flesh being in opposition to his seemingly universal plea for the rights of all people suffering discrimination.