hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aquatic feeding mechanisms
Aquatic feeding mechanisms face a special difficulty as compared to feeding on land, because the density of water is about the same as that of the prey, so the prey tends to be pushed away when the mouth is closed. This problem was first identified by Robert McNeill Alexander. As a result, underwater predators, especially bony fish, have evolved a number of specialized feeding mechanisms, such as filter feeding, ram feeding, suction feeding, protrusion, and pivot feeding.

Most underwater predators combine more than one of these basic principles. For example, a typical generalized predator, such as the cod, combines suction with some amount of protrusion and pivot feeding.

Robert McNeill Alexander
Robert McNeill (Neill) Alexander, CBE FRS (7 July 1934 – 21 March 2016) was a British zoologist and a leading authority in the field of biomechanics.  For thirty years he was Professor of Zoology at the University of Leeds.
Hamburger Mary's
Hamburger Mary's is the name of several related hamburger restaurants that started in San Francisco, California, in 1972. The name of the business refers to both the original San Francisco location, which closed in 2001, and Hamburger Mary's Bar & Grille, a spun-off franchise with several locations around the United States. The current franchise is a drag-themed casual dining chain The eateries are often in gay districts and are intended to represent stereotypical gay culture through humorously named menu items, flamboyant decor, drag shows, and drag queen servers.

Hamburger
A hamburger, often known as a burger, consists of fillings—usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef—placed inside a sliced bun, sesame seed bun, or bread roll. These patties are often served with lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis. The filling of the burger can be topped with condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish or a "special sauce", often a variation of Thousand Island dressing. A burger with the patty topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger. Under some definitions, a hamburger is considered a sandwich.

Hamburgers are typically associated with fast-food restaurants and diners but are also sold at other restaurants, including high-end establishments. There are many international and regional variations of hamburgers. Some of the largest multinational fast-food chains feature burgers as one of their core products: McDonald's Big Mac and Burger King's Whopper have become global icons of American culture.
River Avon System
River Avon System is a 475.9-hectare (1,176-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest  in Hampshire and Wiltshire, southern England. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I. It is part of the Avon Valley and New Forest Ramsar sites and is also part of two Special Protection Areas: Solent and Southampton Water, and the New Forest.

This site consists of stretches of the River Avon and its tributaries, which are described by Natural England as "of national and international importance for their wildlife communities". It has more than 180 species of aquatic plants and one of the most diverse fish species in the country. There is also a rich invertebrate fauna and mammals include water voles and water shrews.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
1923 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1923 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College an independent during the 1923 college football season. Led by ffith-year head coach Frank Cavanaugh, Boston College compiled a record of 7–1–1.

1923 college football season
The 1923 college football season saw several teams finish their seasons unbeaten and untied. As such, numerous schools claim a national championship for the 1923 season. Illinois (coached by Bob Zuppke) and Michigan (coached by Fielding "Hurry-Up" Yost), both members of what is now the Big Ten Conference, finished with records of 8–0 and were selected as national champion by multiple selectors. Illinois featured break-out star Red Grange. Ivy League teams Yale and Cornell also had undefeated seasons. Cornell was selected as national champion by one selector.

Southern Methodist University (SMU) had a record of 9–0, thanks to coach Ray Morrison bringing the forward pass to the southwest.  Teams that had no defeats, but had been tied, were California (9–0–1), Texas (8–0–1), and Kansas (5–0–3).

In the 1924 Rose Bowl, Washington tied Navy 14–14.
Sacred Ground (David Murray album)
Sacred Ground is an album by David Murray, released on the Canadian Justin Time label. Recorded in 2006 and released in 2007 the album features performances by Murray, Lafayette Gilchrist, Ray Drummond, and Andrew Cyrille which were composed for the soundtrack for Marco Williams' film Banished (2007) on American counties in the South and Midwest that expelled blacks between Reconstruction and the Great Depression. The album features Cassandra Wilson on two tracks singing lyrics composed by Ishmael Reed.

Justin Time Records
Justin Time Records is a Canadian record company and independent record label founded in Montreal by Jim West. It was established in 1983 and specialises in jazz and blues. Although Justin Time initially recorded Canadian musicians such as Oliver Jones, Ranee Lee, and Diana Krall, it grew to include Americans like David Murray and the World Saxophone Quartet. Paul Bley, Jeri Brown, and D. D. Jackson are also artists in its catalogue.
2013 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis – Women's doubles
This was a new event on the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit at São Paulo's Clube Hebraica as the men's ATP Challenger Tour came to the Brazilian city again after April's IS Open de Tênis.

Paula Cristina Gonçalves and Roxane Vaisemberg were the defending champions from 2012's $10,000 event at São Paulo's Clube Painieras do Morumby, but Gonçalves chose not to defend her title. Vaisemberg partnered up with Flávia Dechandt Araújo, but they lost in the semifinals.

Laura Pigossi and Carolina Zeballos won the tournament, defeating Nathália Rossi and Luisa Stefani in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Cymatura tarsalis
Cymatura tarsalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1914. It is known from Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It feeds on Terminalia velutina and Parinari excelsa.

Parinari excelsa
Parinari excelsa, the Guinea plum, is a species of large, evergreen tree in the family Chrysobalanaceae. It has a very wide distribution in tropical Africa and the Americas. This species grows to 50 m (160 ft) tall while the trunk is up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter.
Road Trips Volume 2 Number 3
Road Trips Volume 2 Number 3 is a two-CD live album by the American rock band the Grateful Dead.  The seventh in their "Road Trips" series of albums, it was recorded on June 16, 1974, at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines, Iowa, and on June 18, 1974, at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky.  A third, bonus disc included with some copies of the album was recorded at the same two concerts.  The album was released on June 18, 2009.

The cover of Road Trips Volume 2 Number 3 depicts the Wall of Sound.  This was the very large and powerful concert sound system being used by the Grateful Dead at the time of these shows.  It was composed of more than 600 speakers, powered by dozens of amplifiers.  Each musical instrument had its own dedicated array of speakers.  The Wall of Sound provided a superior sonic environment for Dead concert audiences of that era.

The Race Is On
"The Race Is On" is a song written by Don Rollins (not to be confused with the Don Rollins who co-wrote "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere" for Alan Jackson and Jimmy Buffett) and made a hit on the country music charts by George Jones and on the pop and easy listening charts by the unrelated Jack Jones.  George Jones's version was the first single released from his 1965 album of the same name. Released as a single in September 1964, it peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and at number 96 on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1965. Jack Jones's version topped Billboard's Easy Listening chart and reached number 15 on the Hot 100 the same year. The two recordings combined to reach number 12 on the Cashbox charts, which combined all covers of the same song in one listing and thus gave George Jones his only top-40 hit. The song uses thoroughbred horse racing as the metaphor for the singer's romantic relationships.
Emergency Police Centre
Emergency Police Centre of NAJA (Persian: مرکز فوریت‌های پلیسی ناجا) commonly known with its emergency telephone number as Police-110 (Persian: پلیس ۱۱۰) is a dispatcher center of Law Enforcement Command of Islamic Republic of Iran which sends emergency responder units.

Dispatcher
A dispatcher is a communications worker who receives and transmits information to coordinate operations of other personnel and vehicles carrying out a service. Emergency organizations including police departments, fire departments, and emergency medical services departments as well as civilian organizations such as motorcycle couriers, taxicab providers, trucking companies, railroads, bus systems, and public utility companies, use dispatchers to relay information, direct personnel, and coordinate their operations.
2018 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Singles
Gaël Monfils defeated Andrey Rublev in the final, 6–2, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2018 Qatar Open.

Novak Djokovic was the two-time reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament due to an elbow injury.

Stefano Travaglia
Stefano Travaglia (born 18 December 1991 in Ascoli Piceno) is an Italian tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 60, which he reached on 8 February 2021. He also has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of No. 224 achieved on 31 January 2022.
Milson Russen Rhodes
Milson Russen Rhodes (1871 – 11 May 1929) was an English general practitioner in Chorlton-on-Medlock.  He was born in Bradford and lived in Didsbury.

He was very active in the State Medical Service Association and the British Medical Association.  He studied medicine at Owen's College and qualified in 1902.

In 1912 he proposed an outline of a new system of a National Medical Service, which was published in the British Medical Journal. He advocated a list system much like the system adopted by Lloyd George's government.

He was the nephew of John Milson Rhodes and testified at his death inquiry, having witnessed his death from an accidental strychnine overdose.

Didsbury
Didsbury is a suburb of Manchester, England, on the north bank of the River Mersey, 5 miles (8 kilometres) south of Manchester city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 26,788.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, there are records of Didsbury existing as a small hamlet as early as the 13th century. Its early history was dominated by being part of the Manor of Withington, a feudal estate that covered a large part of what is now the south of Manchester. Didsbury was described during the 18th century as a township separate from outside influence. In 1745 a section of the Jacobite army including the Duke of Perth crossed the Mersey at Didsbury in the Jacobite march south from Manchester to Derby.

Didsbury was largely rural until the mid-19th century, when it underwent development and urbanisation during the Industrial Revolution. It became part of Manchester in 1904.

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds was formed in Didsbury in 1889.
Baja Oklahoma
Baja Oklahoma is a 1988 American made-for-television comedy-drama film by HBO Original Film starring Lesley Ann Warren.  Written by director Bobby Roth and novelist Dan Jenkins, based on Jenkins's 1982 novel with the same title, it also stars Peter Coyote, Swoosie Kurtz, and Julia Roberts. The title song was written by Jenkins and Willie Nelson, who appears as himself near the end of the film to sing it with Warren.

Peter Coyote
Peter Coyote (born Robert Peter Cohon; October 10, 1941) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, author, and narrator of films, theater, television, and audiobooks. He is known for his appearances in films such as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Cross Creek (1983), Jagged Edge (1985), Bitter Moon (1992), Kika (1993), Patch Adams (1998), Erin Brockovich (2000), A Walk to Remember (2002), and Femme Fatale (2002).

His voice work includes his narration for the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics. He narrated the PBS series The Pacific Century (1992), winning an Emmy. He won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator in 2015 for his work on Ken Burns's documentary miniseries The Roosevelts: An Intimate History.

Coyote was one of the founders of the Diggers, an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s, including the Summer of Love.
Simon Cooper (British Army officer)
Major General Sir Simon Christie Cooper, GCVO (born 1936) is a retired British Army officer who served as Major-General commanding the Household Division and General Officer Commanding London District and later Master of the Household to the Sovereign.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Hongshi Dam
The Hongshi Dam is a gravity dam on the Second Songhua River located 30 km (19 mi) east of Huadian in Jilin Province, China. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and its power plant has an installed capacity of 200 MW. Construction on the dam began in 1982 and the reservoir began to fill in November 1985. The first generator was operational in December 1985 and the last in October 1987. The 46 m (151 ft) tall dam creates a reservoir with a normal storage capacity of 1,630,000,000 m3 (1,321,463 acre⋅ft). The dam is named after the town of Hongshi, located 3 km (2 mi) downstream. The Baishan Dam is located upstream and the Fengman Dam downstream.

Huadian, Jilin
Huadian (simplified Chinese: 桦甸; traditional Chinese: 樺甸; pinyin: Huàdiàn) is a city in south-central Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jilin City.
Roland Godin
Roland Godin (11 October 1926 – 22 June 2009) was a Ralliement créditiste and Social Credit party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a manager by career.

Godin was born in Neuville, Quebec. He was first elected to Parliament at the Portneuf riding in the 1965 general election and re-elected in the 1968 and 1972. From 1966 to 1971, his party was known as the Ralliement créditiste. Godin was defeated in the 1974 federal election by Pierre Bussières of the Liberal party.

He ran for the Ralliement créditiste du Québec in the 1976 provincial election and finished fourth against Liberal incumbent Michel Pagé in Portneuf.

Godin died at Donnacona, Quebec on 22 June 2009.

Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in the 1963 election.

Neuville, Quebec
Neuville (French pronunciation: [nøvil]) is a village on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, just west of Quebec City, part of the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. It was founded in 1684.
Wilf Evans
Wilfred James Evans (12 May 1914 — 17 November 1992) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

Evans was born in Griffithstown, a suburb of Pontypool, and played his rugby for hometown club Pontypool RFC.

A Monmouthshire police officer, Evans represented Wales in the 1939-40 Red Cross internationals, an uncapped series for players in the services. His solitary official cap came as a prop in a 1947 Five Nations match against Scotland at Murrayfield, where he packed a front row with Cliff Davies and Billy Gore. He had retained his place for their following fixture in Paris, but due to a knee injury was forced to give up his spot to Dai Jones.

1947 Five Nations Championship
The 1947 Five Nations Championship was the eighteenth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-third series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 1 January and 19 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

The competition was not only the first after World War II, but also marked the return of France after an absence of 16 years. Les Bleus had been expelled from the tournament after the 1931 event over allegations of professionalism and administrative deficiencies; they were readmitted after the 1939 tournament, but shortly thereafter war forced the suspension of international rugby. The return of France established the Five Nations lineup until 2000, when the admission of Italy created the modern Six Nations.
Leela Nambudiripad
Leela Nambudiripad (16 May 1934 – 27 April 2021), known by her pen name Sumangala, was an Indian author of children's literature in Malayalam. Some of her notable works included Neypaayasam, Mithayippoti, as well as translations of the Panchatantra into Malayalam.

She was the recipient of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Children's Literature in 1979 and the Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award for Children's Literature in 2013.

Kerala Kalamandalam
Kerala Kalamandalam, a deemed-to-be-University of Art and Culture by the Government of India, is a major centre for learning Indian performing arts, especially those that developed in the country's southern states, with special emphasis on those from Kerala. The institution, on the banks of the Bharathapuzha river, is situated in the small town of Cheruthuruthi in Thrissur district.
Daniel Nsala Wakpal
Daniel Nsala Wakpal (born 15 March 1975) is a Ghanaian politician and member of the National Democratic Congress. He is the member of parliament for the Kpandai Constituency, in the Northern Region of Ghana.

Northern Region (Ghana)
The Northern Region is one of the sixteen regions of Ghana. It is situated in the northern part of the country and ranks as the second largest of the sixteen regions. Before its division, it covered an area of 25,000 square kilometres, representing 10 percent of Ghana's area. In December 2018, the Savannah Region and North East Region were created from it.  The Northern Region is divided into 16 districts. The region's capital is Tamale,  Ghana's third-largest city.
Curculigo
Curculigo is a flowering plant genus in the family Hypoxidaceae, first described in 1788. It is widespread across tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas.

Curculin is a sweet protein that was discovered and isolated in 1990 from the fruit of Curculigo latifolia, a plant from Malaysia. Like miraculin, curculin exhibits taste-modifying activity; however, unlike miraculin, it also exhibits a  sweet taste by itself. After consumption of curculin, water and sour solutions taste sweet.  The plant is referred to locally as lembah or lumbah; English: 'weevil-wort'.

Miraculin
Miraculin is a taste modifier, a glycoprotein extracted from the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum. The berry, also known as the miracle fruit, was documented by explorer Chevalier des Marchais, who searched for many different fruits during a 1725 excursion to its native West Africa.

Miraculin itself does not taste sweet. When taste buds are exposed to miraculin, the protein binds to the sweetness receptors. This causes normally sour-tasting acidic foods, such as citrus, to be perceived as sweet. The effect can last for one or two hours.
Irma Hunter Brown
Irma Hunter Brown is an American educator, college president, and former politician in Arkansas. She was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1981 to 1998 and a member of the Arkansas Senate from 2003 to 2008. She was the first African American woman to be an Arkansas legislator. Her photograph was included in a composite with other House members.

She is a native of Tampa, Florida. She attended Shorter Junior College and graduated magna cum laude from Arkansas AM&N (now the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff). She also attended Memphis State University and D.C. Teachers College. She served in the Arkansas House from 1980-1998. She was elected to the Arkansas Senate in 2002 and served in it for six years.

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) is a public historically black university in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Founded in 1873, it is the second oldest public college or university in Arkansas. It was one of about 180 "normal schools" established by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools.  UAPB is part of the University of Arkansas System and Thurgood Marshall College Fund.
Faringdon Community College
Faringdon Community College is an 11 to 18 mixed comprehensive school on the edge of Faringdon, a market town in Oxfordshire, England. The college has a specialist status in Engineering.

Tollington Secondary Modern School moved to the present site in Fernham Road in 1962, and was renamed Faringdon Community College in 2003. In 2012 it became part of the Faringdon Academy of Schools multi-academy trust, with Faringdon Infant School and Faringdon Junior School.

Specialist school
Specialist schools, also known as specialised schools or specialized schools, are schools which specialise in a certain area or field of curriculum. In some countries, for example New Zealand, the term is used exclusively for schools specialising in special needs education, which are typically known as special schools. Specialist schools often have admission criteria making them selective schools as well.
1966–67 Greek Football Cup
The 1966–67 Greek Football Cup was the 25th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup final held at AEK Stadium on 6 July 1967. The match was contested by Panathinaikos and Panionios, with Panathinaikos winning by 1–0.

Nikos Goumas Stadium
Nikos Goumas Stadium (Greek: Στάδιο Νίκος Γκούμας) was a multi-purpose stadium in Nea Filadelfeia, a northwestern suburb of the Athens urban area, Greece. It was used mostly for football matches and was the home stadium of AEK Athens. It has since been replaced by Agia Sophia Stadium, that was built on the same location.