hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quasi-abelian category
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, a quasi-abelian category is a pre-abelian category in which the pushout of a kernel along arbitrary morphisms is again a kernel and, dually, the pullback of a cokernel along arbitrary morphisms is again a cokernel.

A quasi-abelian category is an exact category.

Pushout (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pushout (also called a fibered coproduct or fibered sum or cocartesian square or amalgamated sum) is the colimit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : Z → X and g : Z → Y with a common domain. The pushout consists of an object P along with two morphisms X → P  and Y → P that complete a commutative square with the two given morphisms f and g. In fact, the defining universal property of the pushout (given below) essentially says that the pushout is the "most general" way to complete this commutative square. Common notations for the pushout are  and .

The pushout is the categorical dual of the pullback.
Coolie-Begar movement
The Coolie-Begar  or Coolie- Utar movement was a non-violent movement by the general public of Kumaun in the Bageshwar town of United Provinces in 1921. This movement was led by Hargovind Pant and Badri Datt Pandey, who were awarded the titles of 'Jannayak' and 'Kumaon Kesari' respectively after the success of this movement. The aim of this movement was to put pressure on the British to end the practice of Coolie-Begar. Mahatma Gandhi, while praising the movement, named it 'Bloodless Revolution'.

Veth (India)
Veth (or Vethi or Vetti-chakiri, from Sanskrit visti), also known as begar (from Persian), was a system of forced labour practised in India, in which members of populace were compelled to perform corvee labour for the government.

In the Maratha Confederacy, Veth-begar was practised on a wide scale during the Peshwa regime. Certain groups of people, such as Brahmins (priests), Kayasthas (scribes), Marathas, and Kasars (coppersmiths) of Saswad region, were exempted from veth-begar.

The system continued to be practised in the princely states during the British Raj. For example, in the Mewer State, peasants (including those from the upper-caste) were forced to engage in begar. As part of veth, the peasants and low-caste people were forced to supply water to the ruler's family; construct buildings, roads, and dams; and carry dead and wounded soldiers. The British government exempted Christians from veth-begar.
Angana P. Chatterji
Angana P. Chatterji (born November 1966) is an Indian anthropologist, activist, and feminist historian, whose research is closely related to her advocacy work and focuses mainly on India. She co-founded the International People's Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice in Kashmir and was a co-convener from April 2008 to December 2012.

She is currently a research scholar at the Centre for Race and Gender at the University of California at Berkeley.

Sangh Parivar
The Sangh Parivar (translation: "Family of the [Rashtriya Swayamsevak] Sangh" or the "RSS family") is an umbrella term for the collection of Hindutva organisations formed by, and affiliated to, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. These include the political party Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), religious organisation Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), students union Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP), among several others. In total, the Sangh Parivar has over 50 organisations.

The Sangh Parivar represents the Hindutva ideology and movement in India. Members of the Sangh Parivar or the supporters of its ideology are often referred to as "Sanghis".
John Morgan (lawyer)
John Bryan Morgan (born March 31, 1956) is an American attorney based in Florida, best known as founder of personal injury law firm Morgan & Morgan. He is a billionaire.

Politico has described Morgan as "the godfather of Florida's medical marijuana amendment and a Democratic fundraiser."

Personal injury
Personal injury is a legal term for an injury to the body, mind, or emotions, as opposed to an injury to property. In common law jurisdictions the term is most commonly used to refer to a type of tort lawsuit in which the person bringing the suit (the plaintiff in American jurisdictions or claimant in English law) has suffered harm to their body or mind. Personal injury lawsuits are filed against the person or entity that caused the harm through negligence, gross negligence, reckless conduct, or intentional misconduct, and in some cases on the basis of strict liability. Different jurisdictions describe the damages (or, the things for which the injured person may be compensated) in different ways, but damages typically include the injured person's medical bills, pain and suffering, and diminished quality of life.
Abron (ancient Greece)
Abron or Habron (Ancient Greek: Ἅβρων) was the name of a number of people in classical Greek history:

1. A son of the Attic orator Lycurgus.

2. The son of Callias, of the deme of Bate in Attica, who wrote on the festivals and sacrifices of the Greeks.  He also wrote a work, περὶ παρωνύμων, which is frequently referred to by Stephanus of Byzantium (s.v. Ἀγάθη, Ἄργος, &c.) and other writers.

3. A Phrygian or Rhodian sophist and grammarian, pupil of Tryphon, and originally a slave (his parents were also slaves), who taught at Rome under the first Caesars.  He was presumably the same Habron who was the author of the treatise On the Pronoun.

4. A rich person at Argos, from whom the proverb Ἅβρωνος βίος ("The life of Abron"), which was applied to extravagant persons, is said to have been derived.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
KUR EC1 class
The KUR EC1 class, later known as the EAR 50 class and the EAR 51 class, was a class of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge 4-8-2+2-8-4 Garratt-type articulated steam locomotives operated by Kenya-Uganda Railway (KUR) and the East African Railways (EAR).

Uganda Railway
The Uganda Railway was a metre-gauge railway system and former British state-owned railway company. The line linked the interiors of Uganda and Kenya with the Indian Ocean port of Mombasa in Kenya. After a series of mergers and splits, the line is now in the hands of the Kenya Railways Corporation and the Uganda Railways Corporation.
Liqun Luo
Liqun Luo (Chinese: 骆利群; born January 1966) is a neuroscientist in the Department of Biology at Stanford University, where he is the Ann and Bill Swindells Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His laboratory studies the development and organization of neural circuits, and he is the author of the textbook Principles of Neurobiology.

University of Science and Technology of China
The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is a public university in Hefei, Anhui, China. It is owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and co-funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Education of China, and the Anhui Provincial Government. It is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university was founded in Beijing by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in September 1958. In the beginning of 1970, the university moved to Hefei during the Cultural Revolution. The university has 13 schools, 11 national research platforms, 8 science-education integration colleges, and 5 joint cooperative institutes with local governments. The university is a member of the C9 League.
Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1983
Norway was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1983 with the song "Do Re Mi", written by Jahn Teigen, Anita Skorgan, and Herodes Falsk, and performed by Teigen himself. The Norwegian participating broadcaster, Norsk rikskringkasting (NRK), selected its entry through the Melodi Grand Prix 1983. This was the third and final Eurovision appearance by Teigen. Although uncredited on this occasion, one of his backing singers was Anita Skorgan, making her fourth appearance in seven years.

Jahn Teigen
Jahn Teigen (born Jan Teigen; 27 September 1949 – 24 February 2020) was a Norwegian singer, musician and comedian. He represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest three times, in 1978, 1982 and 1983, From October 2006 until his death in February 2020, he lived in Sweden.
Sonomia terrane
The Sonomia terrane is a geologic crustal block known as a "terrane" whose remnants are today centered in northwest Nevada, and extends into western California, southeastern Oregon, and a small sliver of Idaho. The terrane acquired its name from the Sonoma Range in that region.  The Sonomia terrane is associated with the Golconda Thrust, a structure named for its proximity to the town of Golconda, Nevada. The Sonoma orogeny was caused by the accretion of the Sonomia microcontinent onto western North America during the mid-Triassic.

Golconda, Nevada
Golconda is a census-designated place in southeastern Humboldt County, Nevada, United States. As of the 2020 census it has a population of 182. It is located along Interstate 80 on the Humboldt River in the northwestern part of the state. Golconda has a post office, which has been in operation since 1869.
Parma Cathedral
44°48′12″N 10°19′52″E﻿ / ﻿44.80333°N 10.33111°E﻿ / 44.80333; 10.33111

Parma Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Parma; Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Parma. It is an important Italian Romanesque cathedral: the dome, in particular, is decorated by a highly influential illusionistic fresco by Renaissance painter Antonio da Correggio.

Illusionism (art)
Illusionism in art history means either the tradition of art that appears to share the physical space with the viewer or more broadly the attempt to represent physical appearances precisely – also called mimesis.  The latter can also be called realism, but the term can also mean the use of everyday subject-matter, or the avoidance of idealizing subjects. Illusionism encompasses a long history, from the deceptions of Zeuxis and Parrhasius to the works of muralist Richard Haas in the twentieth century, that includes trompe-l'œil, anamorphosis, optical art, abstract illusionism, and illusionistic ceiling painting techniques such as di sotto in sù and quadratura. Sculptural illusionism includes works, often painted, that appear real from a distance. Other forms, such as the illusionistic tradition in the theatre, and Samuel van Hoogstraten's "peepshow"-boxes from the seventeenth century, combine illusionistic techniques and media.
Robbie Bryant
Robbie Bryant (born 1 March 1979, Masterton, New Zealand) is professional boxer.

Bryant has achieved allot in his boxing career, including winning multiple title in the Amateurs, hold a regional title from IBF & WBA and Peaking as high as 8 in the WBA World rankings in the Middleweight division.

Bryant has three other brothers in his family, including IBO Asia Pacific, WBFed Oceania and New Zealand National (NZNBF Version) Cruiserweight Champion Lance Bryant. In 1995, all four brothers won a New Zealand Amateur National Title's in the Junior and Intermediate Division. In 2016, both Lance and Robbie got to fight on the same card for the first time as professionals in their hometown.

Masterton
Masterton (Māori: Whakaoriori) is a large town in the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand that operates as the seat of the Masterton District (a territorial authority or local-government district). It is the largest town in the Wairarapa, a region separated from Wellington by the Remutaka ranges. It stands on the Waipoua stream between the Ruamāhunga and Waingawa Rivers – 100 kilometres north-east of Wellington and 40 kilometres south of Eketāhuna.

Masterton has an urban population of 22,600, and a district population of 28,900 (June 2025).

Masterton businesses includes services for surrounding farmers. Three new industrial parks are being developed in Waingawa, Solway and Upper Plain. The town functions as the headquarters of the annual Golden Shears sheep-shearing competition.
Samuel Fola
Samuel Fola Kaltasa is an Ethiopian politician serving as director of South Ethiopia Regional State Vital Registration Agency. He was chief administrator of Wolayita Zone from 08 September 2023 to 10 September 2024. Samuel is from the Wolaitans and previously served as head of Prosperity Party branch office of Wolayita Zone.

Samuel Fola played an important role in making Wolaita's potential resources suitable for investment and beautifying Wolaita Sodo city.

Wolayita Zone
Wolayita or Wolaita is an administrative zone in Ethiopia.  Wolayita is bordered on the south by Gamo Zone, on the west by the Omo River which separates it from Dawro, on the northwest by Kembata Zone and Tembaro Special Woreda, on the north by Hadiya, on the northeast by the Oromia Region, on the east by the Bilate River which separates it from Sidama Region, and on the south east by the Lake Abaya which separates it from Oromia Region. The administrative centre of Wolayita is Wolaita Sodo. Other major towns are Areka, Boditi, Tebela, Bale Hawassa, Gesuba, Gununo, Bedessa and Dimtu.

Wolayita has 358 kilometres (222 mi) of all-weather roads and 425 kilometres (264 mi) of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 187 kilometres per 1000 square kilometres. Its highest point is Mount Damota (2738 meters).
Northern Wisconsin Conference
The Northern Wisconsin Conference is a former high school athletic conference in north central Wisconsin.  The conference only existed for one season (1955-1956), and all members were affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
Yuka Tsujiyoko
Yuka Tsujiyoko (辻横 由佳, Tsujiyoko Yuka; born Yuka Bamba) is a Japanese video game music composer. She is best known for her contributions to the Fire Emblem and Paper Mario series, and several other Intelligent Systems developed games. She also scored the Super Scope games Battle Clash, and its sequel Metal Combat: Falcon's Revenge.

Tsujiyoko was born in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. She studied piano when she was in a preschool. She composed her first original composition when she was in high school as an assignment for her music class. Tsujiyoko attended Osaka Electro-Communication University, and she majored in electronic engineering. Before she joined Intelligent Systems, Tsujiyoko worked as a computer programmer for a software company. Tsujiyoko was inspired by Pat Metheny and Hirokazu Tanaka, with the latter being her mentor as he scored her first game project, Fire Emblem: Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light.

Video game music
Video game music (VGM) is the soundtrack that accompanies video games. Early video game music was once limited to sounds of early sound chips, such as programmable sound generators (PSG) or FM synthesis chips. These limitations have led to the style of music known as chiptune, which became the sound of the early video games.

With technological advances, video game music has grown to include a wider range of sounds. Players can hear music in video games over a game's title screen, menus, and gameplay. Game soundtracks can also change depending on a player's actions or situation, such as indicating missed actions in rhythm games, informing the player they are in a dangerous situation, or rewarding them for specific achievements.

Video game music can be one of two kinds: original or licensed.

The popularity of video game music has created education and job opportunities, generated awards, and led video game soundtracks to be commercially sold and performed in concerts.
Shahmirzad
Shahmirzad (Persian: شهميرزاد) is a city in, and the capital of, Shahmirzad District in Mehdishahr County, Semnan province, Iran. Shahmirzad is in the northern part of the country and on the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Grigory Medvedev
Grigoriy Medvedyev (born 2 April 1964 in Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR) is a Soviet sprint canoer who competed in the late 1980s. He won a gold medal in the K-4 10000 m event at the 1986 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Montreal.

1986 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1986 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Montreal, Canada at the Notre Dame Island. This is also where the canoeing and rowing competitions for the 1976 Summer Olympics took place.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 20th championships in canoe sprint.
Patrícia Sampaio
Patrícia Fernandes Sampaio (born 30 June 1999) is a Portuguese judoka. In 2021, she competed in the women's 78 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, where she reached the Round of 16. In 2024, in the Paris Olympics, she won the bronze medal.

Sampaio is the gold medalist of the 2019 Oceania Open Perth in the ‍–‍78 kg category.

Sampaio won one of the bronze medals in her event at the 2022 Tel Aviv Grand Slam held in Tel Aviv, Israel.

On 1 August 2024 Sampaio won a bronze medal in the ‍–‍78 kg category at the Paris Olympics. Sampaio had been eliminated in the semi-finals by the ranking leader in the category, Italy's Alice Bellandi—who would end up taking the gold in the competition.
In the battle for the bronze, Patrícia defeated Japan's Rika Takayama with two waza-aris: the first at 1:10 (Osoto gaeshi) and the second, which would end up sealing her victory, at 3:05 (Seoi otoshi). This was the first medal for Portugal at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

2019 Judo Oceania Open Perth
The 2019 Judo Oceania Open Perth was a judo competition held in Jolimont, Australia from 3 to 4 November 2019. This event was for this year special included in the 2019 IJF World Tour and valued in points as a IJF Grand Prix.
Cecily Strickland
Cecily Y. Strickland (born 1959) is a justice with the Federal Court of Canada. Before her appointment she was a lawyer at the firm Stewart McKelvey in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. She is a graduate of the Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland (Diploma in Naval Architecture Technology) and Dalhousie Law School (Bachelor and Master's of Law), now known as Schulich School of Law.

She has ruled in several notable cases.

Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland
The Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, popularly referred to as the Marine Institute (MI) or simply Marine, is a post-secondary ocean and marine polytechnic located in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland.

The Marine Institute contains unique facilities such as two full ships bridge simulators and the world's largest flume tank. It offers degrees, diplomas, certifications and industry training for the maritime sector.
Valentin Parnakh
Valentin Yakovlevich Parnakh (Russian: Валентин Яковлевич Парнах) (1891–1951) was a Soviet musician and choreographer, who was a founding father of Soviet jazz. He was also a poet, and translated many foreign works into Russian, notably Spanish poetry and plays.

Russian avant-garde
The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930—although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its end as late as 1960. The term covers many separate, but inextricably related, art movements that flourished at the time; including Suprematism, Constructivism, Russian Futurism, Cubo-Futurism, Zaum, Imaginism, and Neo-primitivism. In Ukraine, many of the artists who were born, grew up or were active in what is now Belarus and Ukraine (including Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Vladimir Tatlin, David Burliuk, Alexander Archipenko), are also classified in the Ukrainian avant-garde.

The Russian avant-garde reached its creative and popular height in the period between the Russian Revolution of 1917 and 1932, at which point the ideas of the avant-garde clashed with the newly emerged state-sponsored direction of Socialist Realism.
Paul Zimmer (internet personality)
Troy Becker (born Paul Josef Gutowski; 1995 or 1996), previously known by the pseudonym Paul Zimmer, is an internet personality. Under the Zimmer name, he was a Musical.ly (later TikTok) personality who was known for posting "a fairly innocuous if very corny brand on the app, doing things like making 'thirst trap' videos of himself lip-syncing to R&B songs and flashing his abs with captions like 'Happy Black History Month :)'." However, Zimmer later became a controversial figure after he was accused of financially exploiting his young fans on Musical.ly's sister app, Live.ly, and trying to create a false identity for himself as a minor.

Black History Month
Black History Month is an annually observed commemorative month originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month. It began as a way of remembering important people and events in African-American history, before it spread to other countries where it could celebrate black people worldwide. It initially lasted a week before becoming a month-long observation since 1970. It is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada, where it has received official recognition from governments, and more recently has also been celebrated in Ireland and the United Kingdom where it is observed in October.
Gennady Gorelik
Gennady Gorelik (born 1948, Lviv) is a research fellow at the Center for Philosophy and History of Science, Boston University.    A physicist by education and historian by occupation, he published ten books and many articles on popular science and history of science, including in-depth biographies of 20th-century Soviet physicists, Matvei Bronstein, Andrei Sakharov, and Lev Landau.

In his biography of Sakharov, he provides the documentary explanation of Sakharov's metamorphosis from a secret father of the Soviet H-bomb to most prominent advocate of human rights in the Soviet Union.

In 1995, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Matvei Bronstein
Matvei Petrovich Bronstein (Russian: Матве́й Петро́вич Бронште́йн, December 2 [O.S. November 19] 1906 – February 18, 1938) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, a pioneer of quantum gravity, author of works in astrophysics, semiconductors, quantum electrodynamics and cosmology, as well as of a number of books in popular science for children. He was married to Lydia Chukovskaya, a writer and human rights activist.