hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Percolation
In physics, chemistry, and materials science, percolation (from Latin  percolare 'to filter, trickle through', first coined in the 1840s by Edward Loysel) refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. It is not described by Darcy's law. Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.

Darcy's law
Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium and through a Hele-Shaw cell. The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on results of experiments on the flow of water through beds of sand, forming the basis of hydrogeology, a branch of earth sciences. It is analogous to Ohm's law in electrostatics, linearly relating the volume flow rate of the fluid to the hydraulic head difference (which is often just proportional to the pressure difference) via the hydraulic conductivity. In fact, the Darcy's law is a special case of the Stokes equation for the momentum flux, in turn deriving from the momentum Navier–Stokes equation.
Apertura 2018 Copa MX
The Apertura 2018 Copa MX was the 80th staging of the Copa MX, the 52nd staging in the professional era and is the thirteenth tournament played since the 1996–97 edition.

The tournament started on 24 July 2018 and ended on 31 October 2018.

The final was held at  Estadio BBVA Bancomer in the Monterrey suburb of Guadalupe with the visiting team Cruz Azul defeating Monterrey 2–0 to win their fourth title.

As winners, Cruz Azul earned a spot to face the winners of the Clausura 2019 edition, in the 2019 Supercopa MX.

UTC−06:00
UTC−06:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −06:00. 
In North America, it is observed in the Central Time Zone during standard time, and in the Mountain Time Zone during the other eight months (see daylight saving time). Several Latin American countries and a few other places use it year-round.
Dear One (Larry Finnegan song)
"Dear One" is a song written by Larry Finnegan and Vincent Finneran and performed by Finnegan. It reached #1 in Australia and #11 in the United States in 1962.

The song was produced by Old Town Records owner Hy Weiss.

The song ranked #17 on Australia's Top 25 songs of 1962 and #79 on Billboard magazine's Top 100 songs of 1962.

Finnegan released a follow-up record to the song, "Dear One, Part Two", as a single in April 1964, but it did not chart.

In the mid-60s, Finnegan moved to Sweden where he started his own record label, Svensk-American. In Sweden he had more hits (Good Morning Tears etc). He also sang songs in Swedish (Maria min vän and Hälsa hem till mamma in 1967). One of Sweden's most popular groups Sven-Ingvars was on his label in 1966 and 1967.

Sven-Ingvars
Sven-Ingvars is a Swedish pop/rock group from Slottsbron, Sweden. The band was formed in 1956 by Sven Svärd (drums), Ingvar Karlsson (guitar and accordion),  Sven-Erik Magnusson (vocals, guitar, and clarinet). Later the band were joined first by Rune Bergman on bass guitar and then by Sven-Olof Petersson on tenor and baritone saxophone. The group made their first EP as a quartet in the early 1960s ("Let's Think About Living",  "Guitar Boogie", and others). In the mid-1960s the group was popular in Sweden with hits such as "Te' dans me' Karlstatösera", "Ett litet rött paket", "Fröken Fräken", "Börja om från början", "Säj inte nej, säj kanske, kanske, kanske", "Vid din sida", Önskebrunnen and many others. They were so popular that in 1963, the opening act for the group was The Beatles.
Simon Hawk
Simon Laurence John McLeod Hawk (born 22 September 1979) is an English cricketer. Hawk is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born in Paddington, London.

While studying for his degree at Durham University, Hawk made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Durham in 2003. He made a further first-class appearance in 2003, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he scored 81 runs at an average of 20.25, with a high score of 59. This score came against Lancashire.

His great-uncle, Alan McCoy, played first-class cricket in New Zealand for Auckland in the early nineteen thirties.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Live at Ali's Alley
Live at Ali's Alley is a live album by trumpeter Ahmed Abdullah, listed simply as "Abdullah" on the cover. It was recorded on April 24, 1978, at New York City's Ali's Alley, and released on vinyl in 1980 by Cadence Jazz Records as the label's inaugural release. On the album, Abdullah is joined by saxophonist Chico Freeman, hornist Vincent Chancey, cellist Muneer Abdul Fatah, bassist Jerome Hunter, and drummer Rashied Sinan.

Cadence Jazz Records
Cadence Jazz is an American record company and label specializing in noncommercial modern jazz. It is associated with Cadence magazine.

Cadence Jazz was founded by Bob Rusch in Redwood, New York in 1980.
By 2000 the label had issued more than 100 albums. Its catalogue includes Marilyn Crispell, Beaver Harris, and Frank Lowe. This label is different from the Cadence that produced pop music in the 1950s and 1960s.
Casserole
A casserole (French: diminutive of casse, from Provençal cassa, meaning 'saucepan') is a kind of large, deep pan or bowl used for cooking a variety of dishes in the oven; it is also a category of foods cooked in such a vessel. To distinguish the two uses, the pan can be called a "casserole dish" or "casserole pan", whereas the food is simply "a casserole". The same pan is often used both for cooking and for serving.

Ground meat
Ground meat, called mince or minced meat outside North America, is meat finely chopped by a meat grinder or a chopping knife. A common type of ground meat is ground beef, but many other types of meats are prepared in a similar fashion, including pork, veal, lamb, goat meat, and poultry.
France at the 1984 Summer Paralympics
France competed at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville, Great Britain and New York City, United States. 115 competitors from France won 186 medals including 71 gold, 69 silver and 46 bronze and finished 6th in the medal table.

1984 Summer Paralympics medal table
The 1984 Summer Paralympics medal table is a list of National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) ranked by the number of gold medals won by their athletes during the 1984 Summer Paralympics, held in Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom from July 22 to August 1, 1984, and Nassau County, New York, United States, from June 17 to 30, 1984.
SM UB-19
SM UB-19 was a German Type UB II submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 30 April 1915 and launched on 2 September 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 16 December 1915 as SM UB-19. The submarine sank 13 ships in 15 patrols for a total of 10,040 gross register tons (GRT). UB-19 was sunk in the English Channel at 49°56′N 2°45′W﻿ / ﻿49.933°N 2.750°W﻿ / 49.933; -2.750 on 30 November 1916 by British Q ship HMS Penshurst (Q 7).

Q-ship
Q-ships, also known as Q-boats, decoy vessels, special service ships, or mystery ships, were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

They were used by the British Royal Navy and the German Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War and by the Royal Navy, the Kriegsmarine, the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the United States Navy during the Second World War. The German term is "Handelsstörer.

Though legally recognised as an acceptable tactic of military deception, they have attracted much controversy, enjoying only marginal success.
Les Sources Regional County Municipality
Les Sources (French pronunciation: [le suʁs]) is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of Quebec, Canada. The seat is the city of Val-des-Sources. Before April 22, 2006 it was known as Asbestos regional county municipality, and before August 1990 it was known as L'Or-Blanc regional county municipality (French: white gold).

The Asbestos strike, a critical part of Quebec's labour history, occurred in the region.

Estrie
Estrie (French pronunciation: [ɛstʁi]) is an administrative region of Quebec that comprises the Eastern Townships. Estrie, a French neologism, was coined as a derivative of est, "east". Originally settled by anglophones, today it is about 90 per cent francophone. Anglophones are concentrated in Lennoxville, home of the region's only English-speaking university, Bishop's University. The English-language Eastern Townships School Board runs 20 elementary schools, three high schools, and a learning centre.

The region originally consisted of 6 regional county municipalities. In 2021, La Haute-Yamaska & Brome-Missisquoi joined Estrie, transferring from Montérégie.
KSZN
KSZN could refer to:

Santa Cruz Island Airport (ICAO code KSZN), an airport on Santa Cruz Island in Santa Barbara County, California, United States

KSZN-LP, a low-power radio station (101.5 FM) licensed to serve Flagstaff, Arizona, United States

KRYN, a radio station (1230 AM) licensed to serve Gresham, Oregon, United States, licensed as "KSZN" from 2007 to 2009

KOOR, a radio station (1010 AM) licensed to serve Milwaukie, Oregon, United States, licensed as "KSZN" from 2006 to 2007

KPDN (AM), a defunct radio station formerly licensed to serve Pampa, Texas, United States, licensed as "KSZN" from 1982 to 1988

KOOR
KOOR (1010 AM "Urbana 1010") is a commercial radio station licensed to Milwaukie, Oregon, and serving the Portland metropolitan area. The station is owned by Bustos Media and the broadcast license is held by Bustos Media Holdings, LLC.  It airs a Spanish language rhythmic contemporary radio format.

KOOR is a daytimer station.  From dawn to dusk, it is powered at 4,500 watts.  But because 1010 AM is a Canadian clear channel frequency, at night it must go off the air to avoid interference.  KOOR is permitted to operate at 1,100 watts during critical hours.
Briga
Briga can refer to:

BRIGA, a Galician independentist political organization

Brig-Glis, a Swiss city in the Brig district of the Canton of Valais

Briga Alta, an Italian comune in the Province of Cuneo

Briga Novarese, an Italian community in the Province of Novara

Briga, Kostel, a small settlement in the Municipality of Kostel in Slovenia

La Brigue, a French community in the Alpes-Maritimes department and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region

Ried-Brig, a Swiss municipality in the Brig district of the Canton of Valais

La Brigue
La Brigue (French pronunciation: [la bʁiɡ]; Ligurian: Briga; Vivaro-Alpine: La Briga; Italian: Briga Marittima) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

La Brigue became part of France after World War II, when Italy was forced to hand it over in September 1947 under the terms of the Peace of Paris. Before the hand over, it was part of the Province of Cuneo and was officially known as Briga Marittima. The transfer, which was not unopposed in the village, was retrospectively endorsed by a local plebiscite which took place on 12 October 1947 and was subject to international supervision.
Faran Moradi
Faran Moradi is an Iranian-Canadian film and television writer and director from London, Ontario. He is most noted for his debut feature film Tehranto, for which he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Editing at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.

He previously directed the short films Broken, Holiday for the Poor, Covert Delivery, Through the Divide and Blackpowder and Guilt, and episodes of the television series Odd Squad and Holly Hobbie.

At the 2022 Forest City Film Festival, he was the winner of the Project Pitch competition for his screenplay Cry Wolf.

Odd Squad
Odd Squad (stylized in all caps) is a live action children's educational comedy television series created by Tim McKeon and Adam Peltzman. The series premiered on TVOKids in Canada and PBS Kids in the United States on November 26, 2014. Similar to Cyberchase and Peg + Cat, the series involves child characters using mathematical concepts (addition, multiplication, using data in graphs, etc.) to advance each episode's plot. The series features child actors (whose characters are the employees of the "Odd Squad") who use indirect reasoning and basic math to solve and investigate strange happenings in their town.
Trondhjem Hospital
The Trondhjem Hospital (Norwegian: Trondhjems Hospital; colloquially: Hospitalet) is a charitable foundation in Trondheim, Norway.

The Hospital runs a nursing home, a home for demented persons, apartments for assisted living, and retirement apartments with attached home service. Its several buildings in Trondheim include the Hospital Church (Hospitalskirken).

Created in 1277 by Archbishop Jon Raude, the Hospital is one of Norway's oldest foundations.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros
The Archdiocese of Nidaros (or Niðaróss) was the metropolitan see covering Norway in the later Middle Ages. The see was the Nidaros Cathedral, in the city of Nidaros (now Trondheim). The archdiocese existed from the middle of the twelfth century until the Protestant Reformation.
Sam Smyth
Sam Smyth is an investigative reporter, columnist and broadcaster. He works for the Irish Mail on Sunday and formerly worked for the Irish Independent, Sunday Independent, and Sunday Tribune newspapers.

He is the only Irish journalist to twice win journalist of the year honours: in 1991 for his investigation into business scandals, and in 1997 for his exposure of a political scandal that led to the resignation of government minister Michael Lowry. 
Smyth revealed that multimillionaire businessman Ben Dunne financed an extension to the home of the Transport, Energy and Communications minister. The minister resigned 36 hours after the story broke. He  wrote a book, Thanks a Million Big Fella, based on this story.

In addition to his journalism awards, Smyth was voted the "Journalists' Journalist" in a February 1997 poll of more than 250 Irish newspaper reporters, organised by In Dublin magazine.

Sunday Tribune
The Sunday Tribune was an Irish Sunday broadsheet newspaper published by Tribune Newspapers plc. It was founded in 1980 as a tabloid, before converting to broadsheet in 1981. It closed in 1982 and relaunched in 1983. It reverted to tabloid in 2010 and entered receivership in February 2011 after which it ceased to trade. Over the years of its publication it was edited by Conor Brady, Vincent Browne, Peter Murtagh, Matt Cooper, Paddy Murray and Nóirín Hegarty.
New Mosque, Istanbul
The New Mosque (Turkish: Yeni Cami, pronounced [jeni dʒami], originally named the Valide Sultan Mosque, Turkish: Valide Sultan Camii) and later New Valide Sultan Mosque (Turkish: Yeni Valide Sultan Camii) after its partial reconstruction and completion between 1660 and 1665, is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey. It is situated on the Golden Horn, at the southern end of the Galata Bridge, and is a notable Istanbul landmark marking the crossing from the old historic core of the city to the Beyoğlu (Pera) district. The mosque is a notable example of the Sultanate of Women period in Ottoman Empire.

Külliye
A külliye (Ottoman Turkish: كلیه) is a complex of buildings associated with Turkish architecture centered on a mosque and managed within a single institution, often based on a waqf (charitable foundation) and composed of a madrasa, a Dar al-Shifa (clinic), kitchens, bakery, hammam, other buildings for various charitable services for the community and further annexes.

The tradition of külliye is particularly marked in Turkish architecture, starting in Seljuq, then especially in Ottoman, and also in Timurid architectural legacies. The word is derived from Turkish külli, meaning "complete".
Sibinia transversa
Sibinia transversa is a species that is classified under the family of Curculionidae ("snout and bark beetles"), in the suborder Polyphaga ("water, rove, scarab, long-horned, leaf and snout beetles").
It is found in North America (excluding the Mexican region).

Polyphaga
Polyphaga is the largest and most diverse suborder of beetles. It comprises 144 families in 16 superfamilies, and displays an enormous variety of specialization and adaptation, with over 350,000 described species, or approximately 90% of the beetle species discovered thus far.

Key characteristics of Polyphaga are that the hind coxa (base of the leg) does not divide the first and second abdominal/ventral plates which are known as sternites. Also, the notopleural suture (found under the pronotal shield) is not present.
Tancred and Sigismunda
Tancred and Sigismunda is a 1745 tragedy by the British writer James Thomson. It is inspired by one of the story's from Giovanni Boccaccio's The Decameron.

The original cast included David Garrick as Tancred, Thomas Sheridan as Siffredi, Dennis Delane as Osmond, William Havard as Rodolpho and Susannah Arne as Sigismunda.

Thomas Sheridan (actor)
Thomas Sheridan (1719 – 14 August 1788) was an Irish stage actor, an educator, and a major proponent of the elocution movement. He received his M.A. in 1743 from Trinity College in Dublin, and was the godson of Jonathan Swift. He also published a "respelled" dictionary of the English language (1780). He was married (1747) to Frances Chamberlaine. His sons were the better known Richard Brinsley Sheridan and Charles Francis Sheridan, while his daughters were also writers - Alicia, a playwright, and Betsy Sheridan a diarist. His work is very noticeable in the writings of Hugh Blair.
GeForce 10 series
The GeForce 10 series is a series of graphics processing units (GPUs) developed by Nvidia, initially based on the Pascal microarchitecture announced in March 2014. It succeeds the GeForce 900 series, and was released in May 2016.

Multiple buffering
In computer science, multiple buffering is the use of more than one buffer to hold a block of data, so that a "reader" will see a complete (though perhaps old) version of the data instead of a partially updated version of the data being created by a "writer". It is very commonly used for computer display images. It is also used to avoid the need to use dual-ported RAM (DPRAM) when the readers and writers are different devices.
Yaginumanis
Yaginumanis is a genus of East Asian jumping spiders that was first described by F. R. Wanless in 1984. As of September 2019 it contains three species, found in Japan and China: Y. cheni, Y. sexdentatus, and Y. wanlessi. It is named in honor of Japanese arachnologist Takeo Yaginuma, who described the type species in 1984.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Iskay Wasi
Iskay Wasi (Quechua iskay two, wasi house, "two houses", also spelled Iscay Huasi) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,120 m (13,520 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, at the border of the Arani Province, Vacas Municipality, and the Carrasco Province, Pocona Municipality. Iskay Wasi lies northeast of Qucha Quchayuq Urqu. The Iskay Wasi Mayu originates at the mountain. It flows to Misk'i Mayu.

Cochabamba Department
Cochabamba (Aymara: Quchapampa Jach'a Suyu, Spanish: Departamento de Cochabamba pronounced [kotʃaˈβamba] ⓘ, Quechua: Quchapampa Suyu), from Quechua qucha or qhucha, meaning "lake", pampa meaning "plain", is one of the nine departments of Bolivia. It is known to be the breadbasket of the country because of its variety of agricultural products from its geographical position. It has an area of 55,631 km2. Its population in the 2024 census was 2,005,373. Its capital is the city of Cochabamba, known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" because of its spring-like temperatures all year.
Sanago
Kwon Won-jin (Korean: 권원진; born 1991 or 1992), also known as Sanago (사나고), is a South Korean YouTuber and artist. He specializes in using 3D pens (pens that emit plastic, similar to a 3D printer) to create three-dimensional artworks.

He graduated from Hannam University's Department of Arts and Culture in 2011. After graduating, he worked part time as an art teacher and freelance video producer. He started learning how to use 3d pens in 2016 and started his YouTube channel in January 2018. He named the channel after his then pet cat. By June 2020, he had accumulated 2.6 million subscribers, with 1.2 million of those being from overseas. In 2023, he had a pop-up store at the Pangyo branch of the Hyundai Department Store.

Hannam University
Hannam University (Korean: 한남대학교) is a private Christian university in Daejeon, South Korea. It was founded in 1956 as Daejeon University by American missionaries from the Presbyterian Church (USA). The American missionary and Korean independence activist William Alderman Linton was named the university's first president in 1959. It was renamed Soongjeon University in 1971 and received its current name in 1982.
Lan-Hsuan Huang
Lan-Hsuan Huang (Chinese: 黃籃萱) is a Taiwanese-American mathematician and mathematical physicist specializing in differential geometry, geometric analysis, and their applications in the theory of relativity. She is a professor of mathematics at the University of Connecticut. Huang serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Mathematical Physics.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Sundown Adventureland
Sundown Adventureland is a children's theme park in Rampton, Nottinghamshire, UK. It originally opened as a farmyard in 1968 and is owned by the Rhodes family. As of 2020, it has over 30 rides and attractions.

Rampton, Nottinghamshire
Rampton is a village in the civil parish of Rampton and Woodbeck, about 6 miles (10 km) east of Retford in the Bassetlaw district, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. The parish is long and thin, extending about 7 miles (11 km) east–west but only about 1 mile (1.6 km) north–south. Its eastern boundary is the River Trent, which here also forms the county boundary with Lincolnshire.

The parish is best known for Rampton Secure Hospital, which is at the hamlet of Woodbeck about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Rampton village. The parish was renamed from Rampton to Rampton and Woodbeck on the 1st of April 2018.

The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 1,139.