hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murder of Carol Wardell
Carol Wardell (née Heslop) was a 39-year-old building society manager from Meriden in the West Midlands of England. On the morning of Monday 12 September 1994 her body was discovered by a passing motorist on a grass verge on Weddington Road (the A444) in the Nuneaton and Warwickshire countryside.

Following the discovery, detectives went to Carol Wardell's home and found her husband Gordon Wardell bound and gagged and in a state of distress. Staff at The Woolwich building society in Nuneaton, where Carol Wardell was branch manager, also contacted police to report that they couldn't enter the building because she had failed to turn up for work. Staff reported that the branch appeared to have been ransacked.

The Woolwich
The Woolwich Equitable Building Society (later Woolwich Building Society or The Woolwich) was a British financial services company founded in Woolwich in 1847 and remained a local institution until after the First World War when it began a modest regional expansion. This accelerated after the Second World War and the period from 1960 was notable for its acquisitions. Following deregulation, the Society diversified and became one of the largest national building societies.

In 1997 it demutualised and became Woolwich PLC. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange. It was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but was acquired by Barclays in 2000.
Athletics at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metres T44
The men's 100 metres T44 event at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, took place on 1 September 2024.

The T44 category is for athletes who have a single below knee amputation or who can walk with moderately reduced function in one or both legs.

T44 (classification)
T44 is a disability sport classification for disability athletics, applying to "Single below knee amputation or an athlete who can walk with moderately reduced function in one or both legs."  It includes ISOD A4 and A9 classes.
UFC Fight Night: Font vs. Garbrandt
UFC Fight Night: Font vs. Garbrandt (also known as UFC Fight Night 188, UFC on ESPN+ 46 and UFC Vegas 27) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on May 22, 2021 at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

Enterprise, Nevada
Enterprise  is an unincorporated town in the Las Vegas Valley in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 221,831 at the 2020 U.S. census, up from 14,676 at the 2000 census. It was founded on December 17, 1996. As in other unincorporated towns in the Las Vegas Valley, its ZIP Codes are assigned the place name "Las Vegas" for mailing addresses.
Broadway Bad
Broadway Bad is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Sidney Lanfield and written by Maude Fulton. The film stars Joan Blondell, Ricardo Cortez, Ginger Rogers, Adrienne Ames, and Francis McDonald. The film was released on February 24, 1933, by Fox Film Corporation.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Gombe State University
Gombe State University (GSU) is located in Tudun Wada, an area in Shamaki Ward, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. It is located in the Northern part of Nigeria. It is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities. The state university has a chancellor and 11-members of the governing council, as well as principal officers and management staff. Abdullahi Mahadi was the first vice chancellor of the university.

Pharmaceutics
Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or an existing drug into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. The patients could be either humans or animals. Pharmaceutics helps relate the formulation of drugs to their delivery and disposition in the body. Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form.
Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener
The Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener (PADDS), created by Dr. Thomas K. Pedigo and Kenneth L. Pedigo, is a suite of computer administered neuropsychological tests of attention and executive functioning. The PADDS is used in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children between the ages of 6 and 12 years. The PADDS software program represents a multi-dimensional, evidence-based approach to ADHD assessment, consisting of the Computer Administered Diagnostic Interview (CADI), the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham—IV (SNAP-IV) Parent and Teacher rating scales, and the three computer-administered objective measures of the Target Tests of Executive Functioning (TTEF). It calculates a diagnostic likelihood ratio, where each data source is allowed to contribute to (or detract from) the prediction of the diagnosis, as well as normalized relative standard scores, t-scores, z-scores, and percentile ranks for comparison to the non-clinical reference group.

Rating scale
A rating scale is a set of categories designed to obtain information about a quantitative or a qualitative attribute. In the social sciences, particularly psychology, common examples are the Likert response scale and 0-10 rating scales, where a person selects the number that reflecting the perceived quality of a product.
USS Acacia
USS Acacia was a steam-powered tugboat in the service of the United States Navy during the American Civil War, named after the Acacia tree.

She was launched as Vicksburg sometime in September 1863, purchased and renamed by the Navy at Boston, Massachusetts on 28 October 1863, and commissioned in the Boston Navy Yard on 8 December 1863 with Acting Master John D. Childs in command.

Atlantic Blockading Squadron
The Atlantic Blockading Squadron was a unit of the United States Navy created in the early days of the American Civil War to enforce the Union blockade of the ports of the Confederate States. It was formed in 1861 and split up the same year for the creation of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
Heidi Johansen-Berg
Heidi Johansen-Berg FRS is a Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience and Director of the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging at the University of Oxford. She studies brain plasticity in the context of stroke rehabilitation and aging.

Wellcome Trust
The Wellcome Trust is a charitable foundation focused on health research based in London, United Kingdom. It was established in 1936 with legacies from the pharmaceutical magnate Henry Wellcome (founder of Burroughs Wellcome, one of the predecessors of GSK plc) to fund research to improve human and animal health. The aim of the Trust is to "support science to solve the urgent health challenges facing everyone." It had a financial endowment of £37.6 billion in 2025, making it the fourth wealthiest charitable foundation in the world. In 2012, the Wellcome Trust was described by the Financial Times as the United Kingdom's largest provider of non-governmental funding for scientific research, and one of the largest providers in the world. According to their annual report, the Wellcome Trust spent GBP £1.1 billion on charitable activities across their 2023/2024 financial year. According to the OECD, the Wellcome Trust's financing for 2019 development increased by 22% to US$327 million.
Refractive surgery
Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and thereby decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement. The most common methods today use excimer lasers to reshape the curvature of the cornea. Refractive eye surgeries are used to treat common vision disorders such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism.

Strabismus surgery
Strabismus surgery (also: extraocular muscle surgery, eye muscle surgery, or eye alignment surgery) is surgery on the extraocular muscles to correct strabismus, the misalignment of the eyes. Strabismus surgery is a one-day procedure that is usually performed under general anesthesia most commonly by either a neuro- or pediatric ophthalmologist. The patient spends only a few hours in the hospital with minimal preoperative preparation. After surgery, the patient should expect soreness and redness but is generally free to return home.
Ramathan Ggoobi
Ramathan Ggoobi, is a Ugandan economist, economic policy analyst, academic and public administrator, who serves as the permanent secretary of the Uganda Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development and "Secretary to the Treasury of the Republic of Uganda", since 15 July 2021. Before that Ggoobi was a lecturer, economic policy analyst and researcher at Makerere University Business School, since 2008.

Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

Most factors of economic policy can be divided into either fiscal policy, which deals with government actions regarding taxation and spending, or monetary policy, which deals with central banking actions regarding the money supply and interest rates.

Such policies are often influenced by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as political beliefs and the consequent policies of parties.
Mihály Luttár
Mihály Luttár (Slovene: Miháo Lutar) was a  Slovene petty nobleman in the 17th century. He was born in the Slovene Circumscription (Slovenska okroglina, today Prekmurje), but lived in the Croatian town of Međimurje,  Kutnjak, near Legrad. In 1650 or 1651, he let out the blotters  of István Bánffy and wrote notes about the Luttár family.

Međimurje County
Međimurje County (pronounced [medʑǐmuːrje]; Croatian: Međimurska županija [medʑǐmurskaː ʒupǎnija]; Hungarian: Muraköz megye) is the northernmost county of Croatia, roughly corresponding to the historical and geographical region of Međimurje. It is the smallest Croatian county by size, and the second most densely populated after the City of Zagreb. The county's seat and main urban centre is Čakovec.

The county borders Slovenia in the north-west and Hungary in the east. The south-eastern corner of the county is near the town of Legrad and the confluence of the Mura into the Drava. The closest cities include Varaždin and Koprivnica in Croatia, Lendava, Murska Sobota and Maribor in Slovenia, as well as Nagykanizsa in Hungary and Graz in Austria.
Moanin' (song)
"Moanin'" is a composition by Bobby Timmons, first recorded by Art Blakey's band the Jazz Messengers for the album of the same title that was released by Blue Note Records. Both the single and album are in the Grammy Hall of Fame.

Lee Morgan
Edward Lee Morgan (July 10, 1938 – February 19, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter and composer. One of the key hard bop musicians of the 1960s and a cornerstone of the Blue Note label, Morgan came to prominence in his late teens, recording with bandleaders like John Coltrane, Curtis Fuller, Dizzy Gillespie, Hank Mobley and Wayne Shorter, and playing in Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers.

Morgan stayed with Blakey until 1961 and started to record as leader in the late '50s. Morgan's solo recordings often alternated between conventional hard bop sessions and more adventurous post-bop and avant-garde experiments, many of which did not see release during his lifetime. His composition "The Sidewinder", on the album of the same name, became a surprise crossover hit on the pop and R&B charts in 1964. After a second stint in Blakey's band, Morgan continued to work prolifically as both a leader and a sideman until his death in 1972.
Enevold Steenblock Høyum
Enevold Steenblock Høyum (15 May 1775 – 24 January 1830) was a Norwegian military officer who served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly.

He was born at Sauherad in Telemark, Norway. He was the oldest of six siblings. The family moved to Haug gård in Sauherad during his youth. He entered military service and in 1794 became Second Lieutenant in Telemark Infantry Regiment (Tellemarkske Infanterie Regiment). He advanced through the ranks became Captain in 1809.

Together with Commander Gullik Madsen Røed, he represented Telemark Infantry Regiment at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814. They both voted with the independence party (Selvstendighetspartiet).

In 1810, he married Edel Maria Thornson with whom he was the father of six children.  After his retirement from military service, they lived on Søve gård at Holla in Telemark.

Holla, Telemark
Holla is a former municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The 252-square-kilometre (97 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Nome Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Ulefoss. The municipality was considered part of the traditional district of Grenland, but in 1964 it became been part of the new Nome municipality which has been considered to be part of the Midt-Telemark district.
Sora Choi
Sora Choi (Korean: 최소라; born September 5, 1992) is a South Korean fashion model. She won the third cycle of the reality television show Korea's Next Top Model. She currently ranks on models.com's 'Industry Icons' list and is known as being one of the most in-demand models of her generation. As of 2024, Choi has walked in 537 fashion shows and has appeared on 17 Vogue covers.

Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Ballybrit Novice Chase
The Ballybrit Novice Chase is a Grade 3 National Hunt chase in Ireland which is open to horses aged four years or older. The race is run at Galway Racecourse, over a distance of 2 miles and 1 furlong (3,419 metres).

The race was run in early September from 2014 to 2016, having been moved from its previous date at the end of October as part of the changes made to the Irish Pattern for 2014/15. Since 2017 it has been run in August.

The race was first run in 1997 and was awarded Grade 3 status in 2002.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Providence Health Care (Vancouver)
Providence Health Care is a Catholic health care provider that operates seven facilities in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Providence Health Care was formed through the consolidation of CHARA Health Care Society, Holy Family Hospital and St. Paul's Hospital on April 1, 1997. Providence Health Care became a single legal entity on March 31, 2000. The president of Providence sits on the executive team of Vancouver Coastal Health.

It is a denominational affiliate of Vancouver Coastal Health and partners with the Provincial Health Services Authority and the University of British Columbia to provide services to residents of the Vancouver Coastal region and specialty services to residents across British Columbia. In October 2008, Providence Health Care was named one of BC's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc., which was announced by The Vancouver Sun, The Province and the Victoria Times-Colonist.

Canada's Top 100 Employers
Canada's Top 100 Employers is an annual editorial competition first held in 1999. Winners are announced each October in The Globe and Mail newspaper. From 1999 to 2006, the list was published as an annual paperback book in Canada. Beginning in 2007, the list and the editors' Reasons for Selection were published online each year.  Beginning in 2014, the winners were also announced in a national magazine published in The Globe and Mail.
Dragon Ball Z: Attack of the Saiyans
Dragon Ball Z: Attack of the Saiyans, known in Japan as Dragon Ball Kai: Saiyan Invasion, is a video game based on the Dragon Ball franchise for the Nintendo DS. It was released in Japan on April 29, 2009, and in Europe and North America in November 2009. The game is developed by Monolith Soft and distributed by Namco Bandai in North America (and everywhere else under the Bandai label); it is one of the first games in the Dragon Ball franchise to be published by Namco Bandai, as the company would acquire the license from previous holder Atari in July of the same year.

The game is a turn-based RPG and covers events from the "23rd Tenkaichi Budokai" story arc through the end of the eponymous "Saiyan" arc of the original manga.

Attack of the Saiyans received generally mixed reviews by gaming critics, while complimenting the battle system, its visuals, and its aptness in staying faithful to the original series. It would go on to be the third-best selling video game of May 2009 in Japan.

Bandai Namco Holdings
Bandai Namco Holdings Inc. (commonly known as Bandai Namco and formerly Namco Bandai until 2015, also known as Bandai Namco Group,) is a Japanese mass media and entertainment conglomerate founded in 2005 by the merger of Namco and Bandai. The company specializes in toys, video games, arcades, anime, restaurants, and amusement parks. They are unofficially nicknamed "Bamco" by some. The conglomerate is made up of:

Bandai, toy company; includes Bandai Spirits

Bandai Namco Entertainment, video game publisher; includes Bandai Namco Studios

Bandai Namco Experience, amusement machine developer and operator; includes Bandai Namco Amusement

Bandai Namco Filmworks, film/anime production; includes Sunrise and Bandai Namco Pictures

Bandai Namco Music Live, film/anime and music production
Ava McNaughton
Ava McNaughton (born October 27, 2004) is an American college ice hockey goaltender for Wisconsin and member of the United States women's national ice hockey team. She won a gold medal with the United States at the 2025 IIHF Women's World Championship.

At the collegiate level, she won two NCAA championships with Wisconsin (2024, 2025) and was named the Hockey Commissioners Association Women's Goaltender of the Year in 2025.

NCAA women's ice hockey tournament
The annual NCAA women's ice hockey tournament—officially known as the National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Championship—is a college ice hockey tournament held in the United States by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the top women's team in the NCAA.

Unlike most NCAA sports, women's ice hockey uses a modified version of the National Collegiate championship format, which means Division I and Division II teams compete against each other in the same tournament.

The semifinals and championship game of the tournament are branded as the women's "Frozen Four", a reference to the NCAA's long-time branding of its basketball semi-finals as the "Final Four".
Primula vialii
Primula vialii, Vial's primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, originating from wet meadows, or near water in high valleys of SW Sichuan and northern Yunnan in southern China.

Primulaceae
The Primulaceae (/ˌprɪmjəˈleɪʃi.iː/ PRIM-yə-LAY-shee-ee), commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though some species, such as scarlet pimpernel, are annuals.

Previously one of three families in the order Primulales, it underwent considerable generic re-alignment once molecular phylogenetic methods were used for taxonomic classification. The order was then submerged in a much enlarged order Ericales and became a greatly enlarged Primulaceae sensu lato (s.l). In this new classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, each of the Primulales families was reduced to the rank of subfamily of Primulaceae s.l. The original Primulaceae (Primulaceae sensu stricto or s.s.) then became subfamily Primuloideae, and one genus (Maesa) was raised to the rank of a separate subfamily, making four in all.
Flat-field correction
Flat-field correction (FFC) is a digital imaging technique to mitigate pixel-to-pixel differences in the photodetector sensitivity and distortions in the optical path. It is a standard calibration procedure in everything from personal digital cameras to large telescopes.

Photodetector
Photodetectors, also called photosensors, are devices that detect light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation and convert it into an electrical signal. They are essential in a wide range of applications, from digital imaging and optical communication to scientific research and industrial automation. Photodetectors can be classified by their mechanism of detection, such as the photoelectric effect, photochemical reactions, or thermal effects, or by performance metrics like spectral response. Common types include photodiodes, phototransistors, and photomultiplier tubes, each suited to specific uses. Solar cells, which convert light into electricity, are also a type of photodetector. This article explores the principles behind photodetectors, their various types, applications, and recent advancements in the field.
Margaret Anstee
Dame Margaret Joan Anstee, DCMG (25 June 1926 – 25 August 2016) was a British diplomat who served at the United Nations for over four decades (1952–93), rising to the rank of an Under-Secretary-General in 1987. She was the first woman to hold this position.

Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
An under-secretary-general of the United Nations (USG) is a senior official within the United Nations System, normally appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the secretary-general for a renewable term of four years. Under-secretary-general is the third highest rank in the United Nations, after the secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general. The rank is held by the heads of different UN entities, certain high officials of the United Nations Secretariat, and high-level envoys. The United Nations regards the rank as equal to that of a cabinet minister of a member state, and under-secretaries-general have diplomatic immunity under the UN Charter.