hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 More Europe leadership election
A congressional primary election was held on 25, 26 and 27 January 2019 at Milan to elect the new leadership of the More Europe party and to decide upon the political direction of the party.

After the result of the 2018 general election, the three parties that cooperated to the electoral joint list agreed to move on and convert the electoral list into a full-fledged party. The main candidates to the Secretary are the former MEP Marco Cappato, current member of the Chamber of Deputies Alessandro Fusacchia and former MEP Benedetto Della Vedova.

With 55.7% of the votes, Benedetto Della Vedova was elected as Secretary of More Europe.

Forza Europa (2017)
Forza Europa (translation: "Forward Europe", FE)  is a liberal and pro-Europeanist political party in Italy.

Its leader and president is Benedetto Della Vedova, an economist and long-time Radical politician, who has been member of the European Parliament for the Bonino List (1999–2004), candidate for President of Lombardy (2000), president of the Italian Radicals (2001–2003), founder and president of the Liberal Reformers (2005–2009), member of the Chamber of Deputies for Forza Italia (2006–2008), The People of Freedom (2008–2011) and Future and Freedom (2011–2013), member of the Senate for Future and Freedom (2013), Civic Choice (2013–2015) and the Mixed Group (2015–2018), and undersecretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Renzi Cabinet (2014–2016) and Gentiloni Cabinet (2016–2018).

The party took part to the 2018 general election within More Europe (+E).
Portrait of Doge Andrea Gritti
Portrait of Doge Andrea Gritti is an oil painting by the Venetian master Titian, painted in the late 1540s, which is part of the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. It is a portrait of Andrea Gritti, who was doge of Venice from 1523 to his death in 1538. A posthumous portrait, it is likely based on earlier depictions of the Doge, including one executed by Titian between 1537 and 1540 for Sala del Maggior Consiglio and destroyed during a fire in 1577.

Doge's Palace
The Doge's Palace (Doge pronounced /doʊ(d)ʒ/; Italian: Palazzo Ducale; Venetian: Pałaso Dogal) is a palace built in Venetian Gothic style, and one of the main landmarks of the city of Venice in northern Italy. The palace included government offices, a jail, and the residence of the Doge of Venice, the elected authority of the former Republic of Venice. It was originally built in 810, rebuilt in 1340 and extended and modified in the following centuries. It became a museum in 1923 and is one of 11 museums run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.
2012–13 Armenian Premier League
The 2012–13 Armenian Premier League season was the twenty-first since its establishment. The season began on 24 March 2012 and ended on 18 May 2013, with two scheduled breaks between 2–27 July 2012 and 3 December 2012 – 8 March 2013. Ulisses are the defending champions, having won their first league title last season.

The league switched from a year-round to a fall-spring schedule.

The title was won by Shirak.

Armenian Premier League
The Armenian Premier League (Armenian: Հայաստանի Պրեմիեր Լիգա, known as the Armenian Fastex Premier League for sponsorship reasons) is the top football competition in Armenia. From 1936 to 1991, the competition was held as a regional tournament within the USSR. Following Armenia's independence, the Football Federation of Armenia has been the governing authority of the league. Over the years, the league has evolved into a small league consisting of ten teams. The winner of the league is awarded a spot in the first qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League.
Phil Katz
Phillip Walter Katz (November 3, 1962 – April 14, 2000) was a computer programmer best known as the co-creator of the ZIP file format for data compression, and the author of PKZIP, a program for creating zip files that ran under DOS.

A copyright lawsuit between System Enhancement Associates (SEA) and Katz's company, PKWARE, was widely publicized in the BBS community in the late 1980s. Katz's software business was very successful, but he struggled with social isolation and chronic alcoholism in the last years of his life.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
Van Dunem
Van Dunem or Van-Dúnem is a surname of Dutch origin which is most commonly used by people of Angolan descent and relating to Balthasar Van Dunem/Van Dum, a Flemish trader settled in Luanda in the 17th century (A Gloriosa Família). Notable people with the surname include:

Afonso Van-Dúnem M'Binda (1941–2014), Angolan politician

Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem (1934–2024), Angolan politician

Francisca Van Dunem (born 1955), Portuguese Minister of Justice

José Jacinto Van-Dúnem (1939–1977), Angolan militant, politician, and anticolonial activist

Maria de Lourdes Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem (1935–2006), Angolan singer

Neide Van-Dúnem (born 1986), Angolan singer and actress

Osvaldo de Jesus Serra Van-Dúnem (died 2006), Angolan diplomat and politician

Pedro de Castro van Dúnem  (1942–1997), Angolan diplomat and politician

Francisca Van Dunem
Francisca Eugénia da Silva Dias Van Dunem (born 5 November 1955) is an Angolan-born Portuguese lawyer and politician who served as the Portuguese minister of Justice from 26 November 2015 to 30 March 2022, in António Costa's 21th and 22nd Constitutional Governments, and minister of Home Affairs from 4 December 2021 to 30 March 2022. Van Dunem was Portugal's first black government minister in history.
Chris le Bihan
Chris le Bihan (born May 27, 1977 in Grande Prairie, Alberta) is a Canadian bobsledder who has competed since 2004. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
Bihan's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was fourth in the mixed team event at Lake Placid, New York, in 2009.

He won the World Cup four-man event at Park City, Utah, on 14 November 2009.

International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.
Tiberiopolis
Tiberiopolis (Ancient Greek: Τιβεριούπολις; sometimes in sources, Tiberiapolis, and Pappa-Tiberiopolis; formerly Pappa) was a town in the Roman province of Phrygia Pacatiana, mentioned by Ptolemy, Socrates of Constantinople and Hierocles. At various times, it was considered as part of Phrygia, Isauria, and the late Roman province of Pisidia.

It struck its own coins at least from the time of Trajan.

It was situated at the modern village of Yunuslar, Beyşehir district, in Konya Province, Turkey. At Tiberiopolis the famous Roman sarcophagus showing the Twelve Labours of Hercules now displayed at the Konya Archaeological Museum was recovered.

It must have been Christianised at an early date. Nicephorus, a presbyter at Tiberiopolis was martyred in 361 or 362, and later canonized. His feast is celebrated on 28 November.

Labours of Hercules
The Labours of Hercules or Labours of Heracles (Ancient Greek: ἆθλοι, âthloi, Latin: Labores) are a series of tasks carried out by Heracles, the greatest of the Greek heroes, whose name was later romanised as Hercules. They were accomplished in the service of King Eurystheus. The episodes were later connected by a continuous narrative.

The establishment of a fixed cycle of twelve labours was attributed by the Greeks to an epic poem, now lost, written by Peisander (7th to 6th centuries BC).

Having tried to kill Heracles ever since he was born, Hera induced a madness in him that made him kill his wife and children. Afterwards, Heracles went to the Oracle of Delphi to atone, where he prayed to the god Apollo for guidance. Heracles was told to serve Eurystheus, king of Mycenae, for ten years. During this time, he was sent to perform a series of difficult feats, called labours.
Burfjord Church
Burfjord Church (Norwegian: Burfjord kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Kvænangen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Burfjord. It is one of the churches for the Kvænangen parish which is part of the Nord-Troms prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a rectangular style and it was first used as a bedehus chapel for a Laestadian congregation. On 5 July 2009, it was consecrated as a new church within the Church of Norway. The church seats about 80 people.

Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland
Nord-Hålogaland (Norwegian: Nord-Hålogaland bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway. It covers the Church of Norway churches in Troms and  Finnmark counties as well as in the territory of Svalbard.  The diocese is seated in the city of Tromsø at the Tromsø Cathedral, the seat of the presiding bishop. After bishop Olav Øygard announced his plans to retire in august 2025, a process to elect a new bishop has been started. In September it was announced, that Stig Lægdene will succeed Øygard and become the 8th bishop of Nord-Hålogaland. Lægdene will be formally appointed as bishop at December 7th 2025 at the Tromsø Cathedral.
Randy Ady Prasetya
Randy Ady Prasetya (born October 31, 1999) is an Indonesian professional basketball player for the Kesatria Bengawan Solo of the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL).

Was drafted in the recommended round of the 2021 IBL Draft.

Kesatria Bengawan Solo
Kesatria Bengawan Solo is an Indonesian professional basketball team. They are based in the city of Surakarta that competes in the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL).

On December 3 2023, Kesatria Bengawan Solo bought West Bandits Solo IBL license for the upcoming 2024 season.
Bishnu Sethi
Bishnu Sethi ([bisɳu t͡ʃɔɾɔɳɔ seʈʰi] ⓘ) (5 June 1961 – 19 September 2022) was an Indian politician who served in the Odisha Legislative Assembly.

A leader of Bharatiya Janata Party, Sethi was the BJP Odisha unit vice president. He was the MLA for Chandabali Assembly Constituency from 2000 to 2004 and then for Dhamnagar from 2019 till his death in 2022. He was also a poet and writer in Odia literature.

In July 2022 he was hospitalised for Covid-19 and subsequently died from the virus.

Odia literature
Odia literature is literature written in the Odia language, mostly from the Indian state of Odisha. The modern Odia language is mostly formed from Tadbhava words with significant Sanskrit (Tatsama) influences, along with loanwords from Desaja, English, Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu), Persian, and Arabic. Its earliest written texts date from around 1000 CE. The earliest Odia newspaper was Utkala Deepika, first published on August 4, 1866.

Historians have divided Odia literature into five main stages: Old Odia (800 AD to 1300 AD), Early Medieval Odia (1300 AD to 1500 AD), Medieval Odia (1500 AD to 1700 AD), Late Medieval Odia (1700 AD to 1850 AD) and Modern Odia (1870 AD to present). Further subdivisions, as seen below, more precisely chart the language's development.
Saddleback Ledge Light
Saddleback Ledge Light is a lighthouse on Saddleback Ledge, an islet lying between Isle au Haut and Vinalhaven, Maine, in the middle of the southeastern entrance to Penobscot Bay. The station was established and the current structure, designed by Alexander Parris, was built in 1839.  One of Maine's oldest lighthouses, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Saddleback Ledge Light Station on March 14, 1988.

Isle au Haut, Maine
Isle au Haut (/ˈaɪ.lə.hoʊ/) is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States, on an island of the same name in Penobscot Bay. The population was 92 at the 2020 census. Home to portions of Acadia National Park, Isle au Haut is accessible by ferry from Stonington. The 6 mile ride takes about 45 minutes.
Arp High School
Arp High School is a public high school located in Arp, Texas, United States, and classified as a 3A school by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). It is part of the Arp Independent School District located in far southeastern Smith County.  In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Smith County, Texas
Smith County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 233,479. Its county seat is Tyler. Smith County is named for James Smith, a general during the Texas Revolution. Smith County is part of the Tyler metropolitan statistical area and the Tyler–Jacksonville combined statistical area.
City of Westminster College
City of Westminster College is a further education college in the City of Westminster, Greater London, England, founded originally as Paddington Technical Institute in 1904 and gaining its current name in 1990. The college has two centres in central London, located in Paddington and Maida Vale. It also includes the Cockpit Theatre, a fully operational studio theatre used for training and performances, and a range of outreach centres. Since 2017, it is legally merged with the College of North West London (CNWL) although remains publicly distinct; together the United Colleges Group has more than 9,000 enrolled students as of 2019, most in young or adult study programmes and some in apprenticeships.

Maida Vale
Maida Vale (/ˈmeɪdə ˈveɪl/ MAY-də VAYL) is an affluent residential district in Central London, England, north of Paddington, southwest of St John's Wood and south of Kilburn, on Edgware Road. It is part of the City of Westminster and is three miles (five kilometres) northwest of Charing Cross. It has many late Victorian and Edwardian blocks of mansion flats. The area is home to the BBC Maida Vale Studios.
Aristonymus
Aristonymus is the name of a number of people from ancient Greek history:

Aristonymus of Athens, friend or associate of Plato

Aristonymus (writer), contemporary of Aristophanes

Aristonymus, an Athenian man mentioned by the historian Thucydides as acting to ratify a temporary truce with Athenaeus of Sparta during the Peloponnesian War

Aristonymus, a grammarian mentioned in the Suda and evidently confused with the Aristonymus who wrote comic plays

Aristonymus of Byzantium, described in some ancient texts as the librarian of the Library of Alexandria. Modern scholars believe this to be an error, and intending to refer to Aristophanes of Byzantium.

Aristonymus, the name of two otherwise unknown writers mentioned by Plutarch, neither of whom appeared to be the same as any of the other men with this name described here.

Grammarian (Greco-Roman)
In the Greco-Roman world, the grammarian (Latin: grammaticus) was responsible for the second stage in the traditional education system, after a boy had learned his basic Greek and Latin. The job of the grammarian was to teach the ancient poets such as Homer and Virgil, and the correct way of speaking before a boy moved on to study under the rhetor. Despite often humble origins, some grammarians went on to achieve elevated positions in Rome, though few enjoyed financial success.
Machante Maalakha
Machante Maalakha is a 2025 Malayalam-language comedy drama film directed by Boban Samuel, written by Ajeesh P. Thomas and produced by Abraham Mathew under the banner of Abaam Movies. The film stars Soubin Shahir, Dhyan Sreenivasan, Namitha Pramod and Dileesh Pothan in lead roles. The songs and background score were composed by Ouseppachan, while Vivekh Menon and Ratheesh Raj handled the cinematography and editing.
Machante Maalakha was earlier scheduled to be released on 14 June 2024, but was postponed and then released on 27 February 2025. The film received negative reviews from critics.

Sheelu Abraham
Sheelu Abraham is an Indian actress who appears in Malayalam films.

Sheelu began her acting career in Weeping Boy, but it was the movie She Taxi which gave her recognition. She played the lead roles in films like Star and Vidhi, produced by Abraham Mathew, her husband, under the banner Abaam Movies.
Stimulus–response model
The stimulus–response model is a conceptual framework in psychology that describes how individuals react to external stimuli. According to this model, an external stimulus triggers a reaction in an organism, often without the need for conscious thought. This model emphasizes the mechanistic aspects of behavior, suggesting that behavior can often be predicted and controlled by understanding and manipulating the stimuli that trigger responses.

Probit model
In statistics, a probit model is a type of regression where the dependent variable can take only two values, for example married or not married. The word is a portmanteau, coming from probability + unit. The purpose of the model is to estimate the probability that an observation with particular characteristics will fall into a specific one of the categories; moreover, classifying observations based on their predicted probabilities is a type of binary classification model.

A probit model is a popular specification for a binary response model. As such it treats the same set of problems as does logistic regression using similar techniques. When viewed in the generalized linear model framework, the probit model employs a probit link function. It is most often estimated using the maximum likelihood procedure, such an estimation being called a probit regression.
Pauline Boty
Pauline Boty (6 March 1938 – 1 July 1966) was a British painter and co-founder of the 1960s' British Pop art movement of which she was the only acknowledged female member. Boty's paintings and collages often demonstrate a joy in self-assured femininity and female sexuality, as well as criticism (both overt and implicit) of the "man's world" in which she lived. Her rebellious art, combined with her free-spirited lifestyle, has made Boty a herald of 1970s' feminism.

Grabowski Gallery
The Grabowski Gallery was an avant-garde art gallery opened in 1959 in London's Chelsea by Mateusz Grabowski, anticipating the Swinging Sixties. It hosted some of the earliest shows of the rising pop art movement and was the first venue in London to bring op art to the public. It launched the careers of some of Britain's and the British Commonwealth's leading exponents of two- and three-dimensional art and fostered émigré artists from Europe, the Caribbean and the Commonwealth. By the time it closed its doors in 1975 it had mounted around two hundred shows. When the gallery closed Mateusz Grabowski donated his collection of works from the gallery to the Museum of Art in Łódź and the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland.
History of parliamentary constituencies and boundaries in Berkshire
The ceremonial county of Berkshire currently comprises the unitary authorities of Bracknell Forest, Reading, Slough, West Berkshire, Windsor and Maidenhead and Wokingham. From 2024, it has returned nine MPs to the UK Parliament, including one which is shared with the county of Surrey.

As a result of the local government reorganisation introduced by the Local Government Act 1972, which came into effect on 1 April 1974, the boundaries of the historic/administrative county were substantially altered. Northern parts of the county were transferred to Oxfordshire while southernmost parts of Buckinghamshire, including the Borough of Slough, were added. This was reflected in the following redistribution of parliamentary seats which came into effect for the 1983 general election.

Borough of Wokingham
Wokingham, or the Borough of Wokingham, is a local government district with borough status in Berkshire, England. Since 1998 its council has been a unitary authority, having taken on county-level functions when Berkshire County Council was abolished. The borough is named after its main town, Wokingham. Other places in the district include Arborfield, Barkham, Charvil, Earley, Finchampstead, Hurst, Remenham, Ruscombe, Shinfield, Sonning, Spencers Wood, Three Mile Cross, Twyford, Wargrave, Winnersh and Woodley. Part of Crowthorne is also within the borough and forms part of the parish of Wokingham Without. The population of the borough is 177,500 according to 2021 census.
Spectral theory of normal C*-algebras
In functional analysis, every C*-algebra is isomorphic to a subalgebra of the C*-algebra  of bounded linear operators on some Hilbert space  This article describes the spectral theory of closed normal subalgebras of . A subalgebra  of  is called normal if it is commutative and closed under the  operation: for all , we have  and that .

Closed set
In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a closed set is a set whose complement is an open set. In a topological space, a closed set can be defined as a set which contains all its limit points. In a complete metric space, a closed set is a set which is closed under the limit operation. This should not be confused with closed manifold.

Sets that are both open and closed are called clopen sets.
Reganochromis calliurus
Reganochromis calliurus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika in East Africa. It lives over a sandy substrate in deeper coastal waters, to depths of at least 60 m (200 ft). Its preferred diet consists mostly of shrimp.  It can reach a total length of 15 cm (5.9 in).  This fish can also be found in the aquarium trade.  It is currently the only known member of its genus.

Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; Kirundi: Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) is an African Great Lake. It is the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It is also the 6th largest lake by area. The lake is shared among four countries—Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Burundi, and Zambia—with Tanzania (46%) and the DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains via the Lukuga River into the Congo River system, which ultimately discharges at Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo into the Atlantic Ocean.
The Transvaal Government Gazette
The Transvaal Government Gazette (Transvaalsche Gouvernements Courant) was the government gazette of Transvaal Colony between 1877, when Britain annexed the Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek (South African Republic) (ZAR), and the end of the First Boer War in 1881.

Transvaal Colony
25°S 30°E﻿ / ﻿25°S 30°E﻿ / -25; 30

The Transvaal Colony (Afrikaans pronunciation: [transˈfɑːl]) was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the Second Boer War in 1902, when the South African Republic was dissolved, and the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The borders of the Transvaal Colony were larger than the defeated South African Republic (which had existed from 1856 to 1902). In 1910 the entire territory became the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.