hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chitralada railway station
Chitralada railway station or Suan Chitralada royal railway station (Thai: สถานีรถไฟจิตรลดา, สถานีรถไฟหลวงสวนจิตรลดา) is a railway station in Thailand, located on Sawankhalok Rd, Suan Chitlada Subdistrict, Dusit District, Bangkok.

It is a special railway station that only serves the royal family when traveling by train. It is located on the side of Sawankhalok Rd, opposite the Chitralada Royal Villa, 3.29 km (2 mi) from Hua Lamphong (Bangkok railway station), considered in the middle between Yommarat and Ramathibodi Hospital halts.

Chitralada railway station was originally a wooden building built in the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Later, in the year 1921, during the reign of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), the construction of a new station  was a single-storey brick building. There is a dome that was built according to the Italian Renaissance architecture to replace the original wooden building.

Yommarat railway halt
Yommarat railway halt (Thai: ที่หยุดรถไฟยมราช) is a railway halt in Bangkok. It is owned and operated by State Railway of Thailand and serves the Northern, Northeastern, and Southern Lines. It is on Sawankhalok Road in Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, to the north of Yommarat level-crossing. The trains that stop at this station are only commuter services and some ordinary services. Not far from the halt is Uruphong Halt, a separate halt for the Eastern Line. Yommarat was refurbished since 2017 and was used as an access point for railway passengers to the Royal Crematorium during the death and funeral of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.

It will be relocated a bit further north to service the SRT Red Lines Project and handle trains coming from Phaya Thai.
Thermal rearrangement of aromatic hydrocarbons
Thermal rearrangements of aromatic hydrocarbons are considered to be unimolecular reactions that directly involve the atoms of an aromatic ring structure and require no other reagent than heat. These reactions can be categorized in two major types: one that involves a complete and permanent skeletal reorganization (isomerization), and one in which the atoms are scrambled but no net change in the aromatic ring occurs (automerization). The general reaction schemes of the two types are illustrated in Figure 1.

This class of reactions was uncovered through studies on the automerization of naphthalene as well as the isomerization of unsubstituted azulene, to naphthalene. Research on thermal rearrangements of aromatic hydrocarbons has since been expanded to isomerizations and automerizations of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Isomerization
In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion   or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization.

When the activation energy for the isomerization reaction is sufficiently small, both isomers can often be observed and the equilibrium ratio will shift in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with each other. Many values of the standard free energy difference, , have been calculated, with good agreement between observed and calculated data.
Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site
The Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site consists of seven contiguous parks including four national parks (Banff, Jasper, Kootenay, and Yoho) and three British Columbia provincial parks (Hamber, Mount Assiniboine, and Mount Robson).

These seven parks in the Canadian Rockies include mountains, glaciers, and hot springs and the headwaters of major North American river systems including the North Saskatchewan, Athabasca, Columbia, and Fraser rivers.

The area is known for its natural environment and biological diversity. It includes the Burgess Shale site, a World Heritage Site in its own right from 1980 to 1984, when it was included in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks WHS designation.

Athabasca River
The Athabasca River (French: Rivière Athabasca) in Alberta, Canada, originates at the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park and flows more than 1,231 km (765 mi) before emptying into Lake Athabasca. Much of the land along its banks is protected in national and provincial parks, and the river is designated a Canadian heritage river for its historical and cultural importance. The scenic Athabasca Falls is located about 30 km (19 mi) upstream from Jasper.
Flag of Winnipeg
The city flag of Winnipeg was adopted in October 1975. Today, the flag with its crest is used as the official representation of the city for ceremonial and official purposes, while the logo flag (adopted in 2001) is used for promotional purposes.

In the centre of the flag lies the city's coat of arms, with blue to the upper left, and yellow to the lower right. The blue represents Winnipeg's clear blue sky, and the gold a field of wheat, the city's original primary economic activity; the colours and symbolism are thus similar to those of the flag of Ukraine.

While official colours have never formally been designated by the city, the blue and yellow design was adopted as the official colours for Winnipeg's centennial celebrations in 1973. The logo flag also incorporates the two colours, along with red and white.

The official flag itself was adopted upon a vote by the City Council on October 1, 1975, and was registered as a trademark April 7 the following year.

Lists of city flags
The list of city flags lists the flags of cities. Most of the city flags are based on the coat of arms or emblems of its city itself, and city flags can be also used by the coat of arms and emblems on its flag. Most of the city flags are flown outside town halls and councils.

Due to its size, the list is split into continents:

List of city flags in Africa

List of base flags in Antarctica

List of city flags in Asia

List of city flags in Europe

List of city flags in North America

List of city flags in Oceania

List of city flags in South America
Farzan
Farzan or Farzān (Persian: فرزان) is a Persian masculine given name or a surname. The feminine equivalent is Farzaneh/Farzana. Its Turkish derivation is the unisex given name Ferzan.

Notable people with these names include:

Junior Farzan Ali (born 1980), Fijian boxer

Farzan Ashourzadeh (born 1996), Olympic taekwondo practitioner

Farzan Athari (born 1984), Persian model

Antonia Noori Farzan, American journalist

Raja Farzan (born 1995), Pakistani cricketer

Yasaman Farzan (born 1977), Iranian physicist

Junior Farzan Ali
Junior Farzan Ali (commonly known as The Razor Farzan) (born 27 April 1980) is a Fijian professional boxer. He is the current WBF Asia Pacific lightweight champion. With 25 wins for 32 fights, Farzan is regarded as Fiji's best pound for pound boxer. He is the younger brother of Fijian boxer Joy Ali.
Kitagawia
Kitagawia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. The genus name is in honour of Masao Kitagawa (1910–1995), a Japanese botanist and pteridologist.

Its native range is temperate Asia. It is found in the countries of China (within Manchuria and Inner Mongolia), Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan and the Russian regions and republics of Altay, Amur, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Sakhalin, Tuva, Western Siberia and Yakutskiya).

Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai
Chita (Russian: Чита, IPA: [tɕɪˈta]) is a city and the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trans-Siberian Railway route, roughly 1,100 kilometers (680 mi) east of Irkutsk and roughly 2,100 kilometers (1,300 mi) west of Khabarovsk. As of the 2021 census, the population is 334,427.
Seasons (Alan Silva album)
Seasons is a live, triple-LP album by multi-instrumentalist Alan Silva. It was recorded in December 1970 at ORTF Studio 104 in Paris, France, and was released in 1971 by BYG Records as part of their Actuel series. On the album, Silva is joined by a large ensemble known as the Celestrial Communication Orchestra.

The music recorded on Seasons came about when Silva was asked to organize a concert at short notice following a cancellation by Stan Getz. Silva assembled what he called "a once in a lifetime All Star Band," constructing the music "right there on the stage." The concert, which was broadcast live and well-recorded, was attended by an overflow crowd, and organizers had to set up speakers outside the hall. Silva recalled: "The engineers thought it was a fantastic challenge: unlimited sound density with no breaks, everybody had a cymbal, three pianos, all mixed down live to two channels. When I heard the tapes, I absolutely insisted they release it all, as a triple album."

Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française
The Office de radiodiffusion-télévision française (French pronunciation: [ɔfis də ʁadjodifyzjɔ̃ televizjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]; ORTF; transl. French Broadcasting and Television Office, or French Radio and Television Broadcasting Office) was the national agency charged, between 1964 and 1975, with providing public radio and television in France.  All programming, especially news broadcasts, were under the strict control of the national government.
Sinpyong Ho clan
Sinpyong Ho clan (Korean: 신평 호씨; Hanja: 新平 扈氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Dangjin, South Chungcheong Province. According to the research held in 1985, the number of the Sinpyong Ho clan was 3529. The founder was Ho Jun who was naturalized in Korea. Before that, he participated in the war named Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) as a vice general. He was served under Li Rusong, and he made some achievement during the war.

Dangjin
Dangjin (Korean: 당진시; Korean pronunciation: [taŋ.dʑin]) is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It stands on the south shore of the Bay of Asan. Dangjin borders Incheon, Pyeongtaek, and Hwaseong by sea, and Seosan, Yesan, and Asan by land. Its name means "Tang ferry," and refers to the historic role of Dangjin's harbor in connecting Korea to the other side of the Yellow Sea. This role continues to be important in the city's economy, which relies on a mixture of agriculture and heavy industry. The city has the same Hanja name (唐津市) as Karatsu in Saga Prefecture, Japan.
Grand Central Water Tower Midrand
The Grand Central Water Tower Midrand near Johannesburg in South Africa is an exceptional water tower, both considering its design as a concrete container in the shape of an inverted cone, and also considering the volume of the tower: 6500 m³. It was built in 1997 and is located near Grand Central Airport in Midrand.

Midrand
Midrand is a town in central Gauteng, South Africa. It is situated in-between Centurion and Sandton. Formerly an independent municipality, Midrand now forms part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.
Lapinniemi
Lapinniemi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈlɑpinˌnːie̯mi]) is a district in the northern part of Tampere, Finland. It is located on a peninsula formed on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi. Neighboring parts of the city are Petsamo, Lappi and Tampella. It is about a kilometer from the city center of Tampere to Lapinniemi, but it takes about five minutes by bus through Tammela and 10 minutes to the Central Square.

The cotton mill of Tampereen Puuvillateollisuus Oy, which manufactured fabrics and yarns, was completed in the Lapinniemi area in 1899 and was integrated into Tampella in 1934. The mill was in operation until the mid-1980s. In Lapinniemi, there is the Rauhaniemi folk spa, the Holiday Club Tampere spa (built in an old cotton factory), and the Koukkuniemi's retirement home. Lapinniemi operated as a housing fair in 1990.

Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to prehistoric times. Spa towns, spa resorts, and day spas are popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
Aerial Wheel Syndicate Monoplane
The Aerial Wheel Monoplane was an experimental British aircraft built during 1912 in order to compete in the Military Aeroplane Competition which was to be held at Larkhill on Salisbury Plain in August of that year. It was not assembled in time, and the aircraft was not allowed to enter the competition.

Larkhill
Larkhill is a garrison town in the civil parish of Durrington, Wiltshire, England. It lies about 1+3⁄4 miles (2.8 km) west of the centre of Durrington village and 1+1⁄2 mi (2.4 km) north of the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge. It is about 10 mi (16 km) north of Salisbury.

The settlement has a long association with the British military and originally grew from military camps.  It is now one of the main garrisons in the Salisbury Plain Training Area, along with Tidworth Camp, Bulford Camp, and Waterloo Lines at Warminster. The Royal School of Artillery is at Larkhill and the Royal Artillery moved its main barracks there from Woolwich in 2008.
Tachlowini Gabriyesos
Tachlowini Melake Gabriyesos (born 1998) is an Eritrean-born long-distance runner. He lives and trains in Tel Aviv, Israel, where he runs with the Emek Hefer club and is supported by an International Olympic Committee (IOC) Refugee Athlete Scholarship. He has competed over 3000 metres, 5000 metres, 10,000 metres, the half marathon, and the marathon. He finished in 16th place at the 2020 Olympics.

Hefer Valley Regional Council
32°21′N 34°55′E﻿ / ﻿32.350°N 34.917°E﻿ / 32.350; 34.917

The Hefer Valley Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית עמק חפר, Mo'atza Azorit Emek Hefer) is a regional council in the Sharon region of the Central District of Israel. It is named after an administrative district in this area in the time of King Solomon (1 Kings 4:10).

The council covers an area adjacent to Hadera in the north, to Netanya in the south, to the Mediterranean in the west and to Tulkarm and the Green Line in the east. As of December 2020, the jurisdiction area of the council has a population of about 42,600 people.

The Regional Council offices are located near Kfar Monash, at the Ruppin junction, next to the Ruppin Academic Center.
Bergebyløpet N70
The Bergebyløpet N70 is an annual long-distance sled dog race held in the former municipality of Nord-Varanger, in Finnmark, Norway since 2003. The Bergebyløpet N70 is considered the world's northernmost long-distance sled dog race, based on the race's latitude. The race is also the only mainland sled dog race in the world that never goes south of the 70th parallel north.

Nord-Varanger Municipality
Nord-Varanger is a former municipality in Finnmark county in Norway. The 1,253-square-kilometre (484 sq mi) municipality existed from 1894 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Vadsø Municipality. The administrative centre of the municipality was in the town of Vadsø. Other notable villages included Ekkerøy, Kiby, Krampenes, Skallelv, Valen, and Vestre Jakobselv.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 1,253.4-square-kilometre (483.9 sq mi) municipality was the 65th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Nord-Varanger Municipality was the 515th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,617. The municipality's population density was 1.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.4/sq mi).
XX Mission
XX Mission, released in North America as Mission XX, is a 1986 scrolling shooter video game developed and published by UPL for arcades. It was released in Japan in September 1986 and in North America in 1987 by United Artists Theatres Amusement as its only video game release.

Hamster Corporation acquired the rights to the game alongside UPL's intellectual property; they released the game as part of their Arcade Archives series for the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 in 2020.

Hamster Corporation
Hamster Corporation (株式会社ハムスター, Kabushiki-gaisha Hamusutā) is a Japanese video game publisher, with office located in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. It was formed in November 1999 as a spin off of Toshiba-EMI Limited's gaming division.

On the Japanese PlayStation Store, more than 380 titles are distributed under the Arcade Archives brand, and 108 under the ACA Neo Geo brand.
2007 Bracknell Forest Borough Council election
The 2007 Bracknell Forest Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2007, to elect all 42 councillors in 18 wards for Bracknell Forest Borough Council in England.  The election was held on the same day as other local elections in England as part of the 2007 United Kingdom local elections.  The Conservative Party increased its majority at the expense of both the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats, the latter losing its only seat.  This was the only all-out council election where the far-right British National Party put up a candidate.

Bracknell Forest Council
Bracknell Forest Council, also known as Bracknell Forest Borough Council, is the local authority for Bracknell Forest, a local government district with borough status in Berkshire, England. Since 1998, the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. The council is currently in no overall control, operating as a minority Labour administration since 2025. It is based at Time Square in Bracknell.
Mary English (Anglo-Colombian)
Mary Courthope English (22 March 1789 – 30 September 1846), also commonly remembered as Mary Ballard, Mary Greenup and the Belle of Bogota, was an Anglo-Colombian adventurer, landowner, trade representative, farmer and businesswoman in Colombia.

Her personality and connections gave her financial and political agency in Colombia and Britain. She was at the heart of British relations with newly formed Colombia in its first decade of independence in the 1820s, and a leading social and cultural figure 1822–1826 in the Colombian capital, where she became known as the Belle of Bogotá.

Her letters provide intersectional social and economic perspectives on the early history of Colombia. Between 1828 and 1846 she successfully ran a cacao plantation, even though she was, as a woman, legally unable to do so at the time.

Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small (6–12 m (20–39 ft) tall) evergreen tree in the Malvaceae family. Its seeds—cocoa beans—are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate.  Although the tree is native to the tropics of the Americas, the largest producer of cocoa beans in 2022 was Ivory Coast.
Saint-Alexis, Quebec
Saint-Alexis (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿alɛksi]) is a municipality located in Quebec's Lanaudière region, part of the Montcalm Regional County Municipality, Canada.  It was formed by the amalgamation on December 19, 2012, of the former village municipality and the former parish municipality of the same name. Saint-Alexis is generally considered one of the four municipalities of Nouvelle-Acadie.

The name "Saint-Alexis" commemorates Canon Alexis-Frédéric Truteau (1808-1872). The latter was ordained in 1830 and occupied the post of Chancellor of the Bishop of Montreal, Mgr Ignace Bourget, during the creation of the canonical erection of the parish, in 1851. Truteau became famous during the “Guibord case”, when he refused Christian burial to Joseph Guibord following a Roman decree obtained by the bishop condemning the Canadian Institute.

Lanaudière
Lanaudière (French pronunciation: [lanodjɛʁ], locally [lanod͡zjaɛ̯ʁ]) is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. It has a total population (2016 Census) of 494,796 inhabitants, an increase of 4.9% over the 2011 census.
Nový Dvůr Monastery
The Nový Dvůr Monastery (full name Monastery of the Mother of God Nový Dvůr; Czech: Klášter Matky Boží Nový Dvůr) is the only men's monastery of the Trappist Order in the Czech Republic. It is located in Dobrá Voda part of Toužim in the Karlovy Vary Region, close to the Premonstratensian monastery of Teplá.

Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (Latin: Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Church. They were founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by O.Praem (Ordo Praemonstratensis) following their name. They are part of the Augustinian tradition.

Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories.
Bell–LaPadula model
The Bell–LaPadula model (BLP) is a state-machine model used for enforcing access control in government and military applications. It was developed by David Elliott Bell, and Leonard J. LaPadula, subsequent to strong guidance from Roger R. Schell, to formalize the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) multilevel security (MLS) policy. The model is a formal state transition model of computer security policy that describes a set of access control rules which use security labels on objects and clearances for subjects. Security labels range from the most sensitive (e.g., "Top Secret"), down to the least sensitive (e.g., "Unclassified" or "Public").

Transition system
In theoretical computer science, a transition system is a concept used in the study of computation . It is used to describe the potential behavior of discrete systems.  It consists of states and transitions between states, which may be labeled with labels chosen from a set; the same label may appear on more than one transition. If the label set is a singleton, the system is essentially unlabeled, and a simpler definition that omits the labels is possible.

Transition systems coincide mathematically with abstract rewriting systems (as explained further in this article) and directed graphs. They differ from finite-state automata in several ways:

The set of states is not necessarily finite, or even countable.

The set of transitions is not necessarily finite, or even countable.

No "start" state or "final" states are given.

Transition systems can be represented as directed graphs.
Dead Kultuk
The Dead Kultuk (Kazakh: Өліқолтық Ölıqoltyq; Russian: Мёртвый Култук) is a bay of the Caspian Sea in the coast of Kazakhstan, west of the Ustyurt desert.

The bay was known as 'Tsesarevich Bay' and then as 'Komsomolets Bay' in the past. Durneva Island lies near the entrance to the Dead Kultuk.

It had a distinct coastline in former times, but since the 1990s, with higher Caspian Sea levels, the water penetrates inland through the neck of the bay producing waterlogged marshes. Located at the mainland end of the bay, the Kaydak Inlet cuts deep into the coast extending east and then southwards. Nowadays both the bay and the inlet are filled with Caspian Sea water. Currently there are oil fields in the area.

Komsomol
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU".

The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the unification of the USSR, it was reformed into an all-union agency, the youth division of the All-Union Communist Party.

It was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the Young Pioneers, and at nine from the Little Octobrists.