hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clawson v. United States
Clawson v. United States, 113 U.S. 143 (1885), was a case regarding a Utah territorial statute which authorized an appeal by a defendant in a criminal action from a final judgment of conviction, which provides that an appeal shall stay execution upon filing with the clerk a certificate of a judge that in his opinion there is probable cause for the appeal, and further provides that after conviction, a defendant who has appealed may be admitted to bail as of right when the judgment is for the payment of a fine only, and as matter of discretion in other cases, does not confer upon a defendant convicted and sentenced to pay a fine and be imprisoned the right, after appeal and filing of certificate of probable cause, to be admitted to bail except within the discretion of the court.

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
North Ormewood Park
North Ormewood Park is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia, United States, located in the northern part of Ormewood Park. It is located between Reynoldstown, East Atlanta and Grant Park and adjacent to the mixed-use development Glenwood Park.  It is bordered by Moreland Avenue, Glenwood Avenue, I-20 and Stovall Avenue. It is a designated Drug Free Commercial Zone.

Georgia State Route 42
State Route 42 (SR 42) is a 115.3-mile-long (185.6 km) state highway that runs southeast-to-northwest through portions of Peach, Crawford, Monroe, Butts, Henry, Clayton, and DeKalb counties in the central and north-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The route connects Byron with the Atlanta metropolitan area, via Forsyth, McDonough, and Forest Park.
Rzgów Drugi
Rzgów Drugi [ˈʐɡuf ˈdruɡi] ("Second Rzgów", as distinct from the neighbouring Rzgów Pierwszy, "First Rzgów") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzgów, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Konin County
Konin County (Polish: powiat koniński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Konin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Golina, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Konin, Kleczew, 19 km (12 mi) north of Konin, Sompolno, 27 km (17 mi) north-east of Konin, Ślesin, 17 km (11 mi) north of Konin, and Rychwał, 18 km (11 mi) south of Konin.

The county covers an area of 1,578.71 square kilometres (609.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 123,646, out of which the population of Golina is 4,330, that of Kleczew is 4,173, that of Sompolno is 3,695, that of Ślesin is 3,102, that of Rychwał is 2,377, and the rural population is 105,969.
Danger of Death
Danger of Death (French: Danger de mort) is a 1947 French thriller film directed by Gilles Grangier and starring Fernand Ledoux, Georges Lannes and Micheline Francey. It was shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris and on location around Sens. The film's sets were designed by the art director Roger Simon.

Gilles Grangier
Gilles Grangier (5 May 1911 – 27 April 1996) was a French film director and screenwriter. He directed more than 50 films and several TV series between 1943 and 1985. His film Archimède le clochard was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival, where Jean Gabin won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. He had the most number of successful films at the French box office between 1945 and 2001 with 42 of his films having admissions of 500,000 or more, more than any other.
The West Block
The West Block is a Canadian news and political affairs television series that debuted on November 6, 2011 on the Global Television Network. The name of the program is taken from the West Block of Parliament Hill.

The series follows a Sunday morning talk show format. The series was hosted by Tom Clark from 2011 until his retirement from journalism in 2016, and then by Vassy Kapelos in 2017 and 2018 until she left the network to become host of CBC News Network's Power & Politics. On June 25, 2018, Mercedes Stephenson, previously the host of Power Play on CTV News Channel, was named Global's Ottawa bureau chief and host of The West Block. During Stephenson's parental leave in 2025, Ben Mulroney became host.

Global Sunday, a previous Sunday public affairs show from Global, aired from 2001 to 2005.

CBC News Network
CBC News Network (formerly CBC Newsworld) is a Canadian English-language specialty news channel owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). It is Canada's first all-news channel, and the world's third-oldest television service of this nature (after CNN in the United States, and Sky News in the United Kingdom).

CBC News Network is funded by cable subscriber fees and commercial advertising, unlike the CBC's main television network, and it cannot directly receive operational funds from the corporation's public funding allotment. Nonetheless, the network benefits from synergies with other CBC services; such as the ability to share reporters and programs with the main network.

CBC News Network's French-language counterpart is Ici RDI, also owned by the CBC (or, Société Radio-Canada in French).
Crotonaldehyde
Crotonaldehyde is a chemical compound with the formula CH3CH=CHCHO. The compound is usually sold as a mixture of the E- and Z-isomers, which differ with respect to the relative position of the methyl and formyl groups.  The E-isomer is more common.  This lachrymatory liquid is moderately soluble in water and miscible in organic solvents.  As an unsaturated aldehyde, crotonaldehyde is a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis.  It occurs in a variety of foodstuffs, e.g. soybean oils.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Double Dragon Advance
Double Dragon Advance is a 2003 beat 'em up video game developed by Japanese studio Million and published by Atlus for the Game Boy Advance. It is a remake of Technōs Japan's 1987 arcade game Double Dragon and incorporates elements from its sequels and home versions.

It was rereleased on Steam, PS4, Xbox and Nintendo Switch on 8th November 2023.

1987 in video games
1987 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, Dragon Quest II, Final Lap, and Zelda II, along with new titles such as After Burner, Contra, Double Dragon, Final Fantasy, Mega Man, Metal Gear, Operation Wolf, Phantasy Star, Shinobi, Street Fighter and The Last Ninja. The Legend of Zelda was also introduced outside of Japan.

The year's highest-grossing arcade game worldwide was Sega's Out Run. The year's best‑selling home system was the Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) for the fourth year in a row. The best-selling 1987 home video game release in Japan was Dragon Quest II: Akuryō no Kamigami, while the year's best-selling home video games in Western markets were The Legend of Zelda in the United States and Out Run in the United Kingdom.
Winston Churchill School (England)
The Winston Churchill School is a comprehensive, secondary school in Woking, England. The school was established in 1967. It is near Knaphill, Bisley, West End, Brookwood and Pirbright. The school holds Specialist Sports College status.

Sports College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
Sports Colleges were introduced in 1997 as part of the Specialist Schools Programme in the United Kingdom. The programme enabled secondary schools to specialise in certain fields, in this case, PE, sports and dance. Schools that successfully applied to the Specialist Schools Trust and became Sports Colleges received extra funding from this joint private sector and government scheme. Sports Colleges act as a local point of reference for other schools and businesses in the area, with an emphasis on promoting sports within the community.

The Specialist Schools Programme ended in 2011 after the change of government. Despite this, schools can still become Sports Colleges through the Dedicated Schools Grant or academisation.
Ammi Williams
Ammi Williams (November 19, 1780 – March 30, 1864) was an early settler and prominent businessman of DeKalb County, Georgia. Williams married Laura Loomis in 1810. The couple had two daughters, Laura (b. 1820), wife of Lemuel Grant, and Martha Buckingham (b. 1826). Around 1825, he built and lived in the Swanton House, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the oldest home in DeKalb County. He purchased land lot 78, which now comprises much of downtown Atlanta. Williams Street in Atlanta is named for him.

Downtown Atlanta
Downtown Atlanta is the central business district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The largest of the city's three commercial districts (Midtown and Buckhead being the others), it is the location of many corporate and regional headquarters; city, county, state, and federal government facilities; Georgia State University; sporting venues; and most of Atlanta's tourist attractions. It measures approximately four square miles, and had 26,850 residents as of 2017. Similar to other central business districts in the United States, it has recently undergone a transformation that includes the construction of new condos and lofts, renovation of historic buildings, and arrival of new residents and businesses.
Geshem the Arabian
Geshem the Arabian or Geshem the Arab (Biblical Hebrew: גֶשֶׁם הָעַרְבִי, romanized: gešem hāʕarḇî ⓘ) is an Arab man mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. He was an ally of Sanballat and Tobiah and adversary of Nehemiah in Nehemiah 2:19 and 6:1). In 6:6, he is called "Gashmu," which is probably more correct, as an Arab tribe named "Gushamu" is known (Cook, "Aramaic Glossary," s.v. גשמו). When Nehemiah proceeded to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem, the Samaritans, and the Arabs made efforts to hinder him. Geshem or Gashmu, probably the chief of the Arabs, joined the Samaritans and accused Nehemiah of conspiracy against the Achaemenid emperor.

Samaritans
Samaritans (/səˈmærɪtənz/; Samaritan Hebrew: ࠔࠠࠌࠝࠓࠩࠉࠌ, romanized: Šā̊merīm; Hebrew: שומרונים, romanized: Šomronim; Arabic: السامريون, romanized: as-Sāmiriyyūn), often preferring to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East. They are indigenous to Samaria, a historical region of ancient Israel and Judah. They are adherents of Samaritanism, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion that developed alongside Judaism.

According to their tradition, the Samaritans' ancestors, the Israelites, settled in Canaan in the 17th century BCE. The Samaritans claim descent from the Israelites who were not subject to the Assyrian captivity.
Jimmy Keegan
James E. Keegan (born November 3, 1969) is an American drummer and voice actor. He has played with artists such as Santana, as the drummer on the song "Primavera" on Santana's hit album Supernatural and with John Waite. Presently, Keegan is the drummer of the progressive rock band Pattern-Seeking Animals.

Keegan was the drummer for the progressive rock band Spock's Beard, having replaced original drummer Nick D'Virgilio in November 2011. Before joining Spock's Beard, Keegan was their touring drummer since 2003, when D'Virgilio picked up the frontman and main singer role during live performances. Keegan was a member of Spock's Beard for five years, until he left in October 2016.

Keegan released his first self-titled solo album, Jimmy Keegan, in 2024.

John Waite
John Charles Waite (born 4 July 1952) is an English rock singer and musician. As a solo artist, he has released ten studio albums and is best known for the 1984 hit single "Missing You", which reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the top ten on the UK singles chart. He was also the lead vocalist for the rock bands the Babys and Bad English.
Gaslight series
The Gaslight series is a set of four anthologies of short fiction combining the character of Sherlock Holmes with elements of fantasy, horror, adventure and supernatural fiction. It consists of Gaslight Grimoire: Fantastic Tales of Sherlock Holmes (2008), Gaslight Grotesque: Nightmare Tales of Sherlock Holmes (2009), Gaslight Arcanum: Uncanny Tales of Sherlock Holmes (2011) and Gaslight Gothic: Strange Tales of Sherlock Holmes (2018).

The first volume was  published in October 2008 by EDGE Science Fiction and Fantasy Publishing of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The book was edited by J. R. Campbell and Charles Prepolec, with a foreword by David Stuart Davies. Cover art was by Timothy Lantz; the book features twelve full-page black and white illustrations by Phil Cornell.

The story "His Last Arrow" by Christopher Sequeira was nominated for a WSFA Small Press Award in 2009.

Kim Newman
Kim James Newman (born 31 July 1959) is an English journalist, film critic, and fiction writer. He is interested in film history and horror fiction – both of which he attributes to seeing Tod Browning's Dracula at the age of eleven – and alternative history. He has won the Bram Stoker Award, the International Horror Guild Award, and the BSFA award.
Glasat na Bulgaria season 7
The seventh season of the Bulgarian reality singing competition Glasat na Bulgaria premiered on February 23, 2020, and was broadcast every Sunday at 20:00 until June 14, 2020, on bTV. Kamelia, Grafa, Ivan Lechev returned for their fourth season as coaches on the show while Mihaela Fileva returned for her second season.

Georgi Shopov from Team Lechev was crowned the "voice" of Bulgaria. This marked Ivan Lechev's third win as a coach and was also the first time in Glasat na Bulgaria's history that a stolen artist and an artist whose coach was blocked during their blind audition (Fileva blocking Lechev) went on to win the season.

Mihaela Fileva
Mihaela Tinkova Fileva (Bulgarian: Михаела Тинкова Филева) (born May 15, 1991) is a Bulgarian singer-songwriter and dancer. Her career started in 2005 when she won the Bulgarian National Television show – “Hit Minus One”. Her big breakthrough was in 2011 when she was a finalist in The X factor Bulgaria.
Self-Portrait (Grant)
Self-Portrait is an oil on canvas portrait painting by the British artist Francis Grant, from c. 1845.

A self-portrait, he is shown in the sober, but fashionable style of the period. Catherine Willis states: "It has a "Lawrence-like glamour, but the technique is closer to Grant's Scottish contemporary John Watson Gordon". Grant was a leading portrait painter of the early-to-mid Victorian era. In 1866 he succeeded Charles Lock Eastlake as President of the Royal Academy.

The work featured in the Royal Jubilee Exhibition in Manchester in 1887. The painting is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, in London, having been presented by Grant's daughter in 1901.

Francis Grant (artist)
Sir Francis Grant PRA (18 January 1803 – 5 October 1878) was a Scottish portrait painter who painted Queen Victoria and many British aristocratic and political figures. He served as President of the Royal Academy.
Gaonburha
A gaonburha or gaoburha is the leader of an Assamese village or gaon. The role of gaonburhas in Assamese gaons that are under mouzas is limited since mouzadars take the responsibility of the gaonburha. However, in gaons that are located far from district headquarters or major cities, gaonburhas still play definitive roles.

A similar position exists in Naga society.

Naga people
Nagas are various Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian state of Nagaland and Naga Self-Administered Zone of Myanmar (Burma); with significant populations in Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India, and Sagaing Region and Kachin State in Myanmar.

The Nagas are divided into various Naga ethnic groups whose numbers and populations are unclear. They each speak distinct Naga languages often unintelligible to the others, but all are loosely connected to each other.
Guillermo Ferreras
Oscalín Guillermo Ferraras (born 16 February 1994), known as Guillermo Ferreras, is a Dominican professional footballer who plays as a defender for Liga DF club Atlético Pantoja and the Dominican Republic national team.

Atlético Pantoja
Club Atlético Pantoja is one of two professional football teams based in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Founded in 1999, the team is currently playing in the Liga Dominicana de Fútbol, the top division of Dominican football. Their crosstown counterparts and co-tenants at Estadio Olímpico Félix Sánchez are O&M FC.
Ryanggang explosion
The Ryanggang explosion was a large explosion that took place in North Korea on 9 September 2004 in the northern province of Ryanggang. The nature and cause of the suspected explosion is the subject of speculation. No neighboring nations have claimed any detection of radioactive isotopes characteristic of a nuclear explosion.

Explosion
An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases. Explosions may also be generated by a slower expansion that would normally not be forceful, but is not allowed to expand, so that when whatever is containing the expansion is broken by the pressure that builds as the matter inside tries to expand, the matter expands forcefully. An example of this is a volcanic eruption created by the expansion of magma in a magma chamber as it rises to the surface. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known as detonations and travel through shock waves. Subsonic explosions are created by low explosives through a slower combustion process known as deflagration.
John Somerville (Scottish footballer)
John Somerville (1868–1917) was a Scottish footballer and manager, serving in both capacities, as well as that of secretary, for Bolton Wanderers.

Joining the club in 1890 from Ayr, he went on to make 293 appearances for the club, playing on the losing side in the 1894 FA Cup Final. When Frank Brettell left the club in 1898, Somerville was made secretary-player, on retirement becoming secretary-manager (leading the team to the 1904 FA Cup Final, again resulting in defeat) and eventually becoming the club's first full-time manager in 1908. Under Somerville, the club were promoted to the First Division on three separate occasions and relegated four times. During the season that Bolton were relegated the fourth time (1909–10), Somerville stepped down, being replaced by Will Settle. He remained as secretary for the rest of the season before leaving the club. He later became a Football League linesman.

Ayr F.C.
Ayr Football Club was a Scottish Football League club from Ayr, Scotland. They were formed in 1879 by a merger of the Ayr Thistle and Ayr Academicals football clubs. Their initial home ground was Springvale Park, which they left in 1884 to play home fixtures at Beresford Park, which they in turn left in 1888 to move to Somerset Park. Ayr won their first ever game at Somerset Park 3–0 against Aston Villa.

Ayr had spent 13 seasons in the Scottish Football League Division Two, with a best finish of third place which they managed on three occasions. They never won promotion above this level. Ayr F.C. merged with fellow league members Ayr Parkhouse in 1910 to form Ayr United. This is the first and only example in Scottish football of a merger between two league clubs from the same town. The merger came about because it was felt that a merged club would have better prospects of playing in Division One. Ayr United achieved that status three years after the merger.
Cerar
Cerar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Božo Cerar (born 1949), Slovenian diplomat

Franci Cerar, Slovenian science fiction writer

Luka Cerar (born 1993), Slovenian footballer

Miroslav Cerar (gymnast) (born 1938), Slovenian lawyer, gymnast and Olympic gold medalist and father of Miroslav Cerar Jr.

Miroslav Cerar (politician) (born 1963), Slovenian lawyer and politician, son of Miroslav Cerar Sr.

Franci Cerar
Franci Cerar is a Slovenian science fiction writer. His works were published in four numbers of Croatian science fiction magazine Sirius. One of his most popular works is short science fiction story Umor targumskega diplomata published in 6. MINI YU SIRIUS. His other works published in Sirius are Izumi skromnega mladeniča, Drugo rojstvo and Ubogi človek. All his works published in Sirius were translated from Slovenian to Croatian language by Krunoslav Poljak.
Novoalmetyevo
Novoalmetyevo (Russian: Новоальметьево; Bashkir: Яңы Әлмәт, Yañı Älmät) is a rural locality (a village) in Kileyevsky Selsoviet, Bakalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 135 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Bakalinsky District
Bakalinsky District (Russian: Бакали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Баҡалы районы, Baqalı rayonı; Tatar: Бакалы районы, Baqalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Ilishevsky District in the northeast, Chekmagushevsky District in the east, Sharansky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,951 square kilometers (753 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bakaly.  As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,776, with the population of Bakaly accounting for 33.3% of that number.