hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whatmough
Whatmough is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Colin Whatmough (1950–2011)

Francis Whatmough (1856–1904), English cricketer

Jack Whatmough (born 1996), English footballer

Joshua Whatmough (1887–1964), English linguist, professor, and writer

Thomas Whatmough (1844–1911), English cricketer

Thomas Whatmough
Thomas Whatmough (26 March 1844 – 19 March 1911) was an English cricketer active in 1871 who played for Lancashire. He was born and died in Manchester. He appeared in two first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm fast with a roundarm action. He scored 42 runs with a highest score of 28* and held one catch. He took three wickets with a best analysis of two for 52.
Anza v. Ideal Steel Supply Corp.
Anza v. Ideal Steel Supply Corporation, 547 U.S. 451 (2006), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court, relying on Holmes v. Securities Investor Protection Corporation, held that to establish standing under the civil Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) provision that creates a civil cause of action for any person or entity injured in their business or property by reason of a RICO violation, a plaintiff must demonstrate that he or she was the direct victim of the defendant's RICO violation (e.g., a business may not sue a competitor that may have gained a competitive advantage by not paying taxes). The Court explained that this construction will save district courts from the difficulty of determining an indirect victim's damages caused by attenuated conduct.

Cause of action
A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called 'claim form' or 'particulars of claim' in English law (formerly known as a 'statement of claim'), or a 'complaint' in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. In Ireland, this document can be called a 'claim notice.' It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages, often expressed in the amount of money the receiving party should pay/reimburse.
Bullet journal
A bullet journal (also known as a BuJo) is a paper-based method of personal organization developed by digital product designer Ryder Carroll.

The bullet journal system organizes journaling, time management, brainstorming, note-taking and other productivity and organizational tasks into a single notebook. The name "bullet journal" comes from the use of abbreviated bullet points to log information, but it also partially comes from the use of dotted journals, which are gridded using dots rather than lines. It was shared in public in 2013.

Notebook
A notebook (also known as a notepad, writing pad, drawing pad, or legal pad) is a book or stack of paper pages that are often ruled and used for purposes such as note-taking, journaling, or other writing, drawing, or scrapbooking and more.
The Holocaust in Brest district
The Holocaust in Brest District refers to the systematic persecution and extermination of Jews in Brest District of Brest Region in Belarus by the occupying authorities of Nazi Germany and collaborators from 1941 to 1944 during World War II. This was part of the broader policy of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" an integral aspect of the Holocaust in Belarus and the broader genocide of European Jewry.

Brest region
Brest region, also known as Brest oblast or Brest voblasts, is one of the six regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Brest. Other major cities in the region include Baranavichy, and Pinsk. As of 2024, it has a population of 1,308,569.
Radio Líder
Radio Líder was the flagship station of the AM network of Cadena Melodía, a Colombian radio network. It started in 1947 as Radio Industrial. It would later be renamed to Radio Capital, until 1959 when Liberal party politician Efraín Páez Espitia bought the station and changed its name to Radio Melodía.

In 2012, Cadena Melodía rented sister station Melodía FM Estéreo to Valórem, owner of Caracol TV. Thus, Melodía FM Estéreo moved to the AM band, where Radio Líder was located.

Caracol Televisión
Caracol Televisión (Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾaˈkol teleβiˈsjon]) (known as Caracol and previously as Canal Caracol) is a Colombian free-to-air television network owned by Caracol Medios, a unit of Grupo Valorem. It is one of the leading private TV networks  in Colombia, alongside Canal RCN and Canal 1. The network distributes and produces 5,000+ programs and has aired in more than 80 countries.
Thorleif Dahl (jurist)
Thorleif Dahl (29 October 1907 – 9 February 1997) was a Norwegian jurist who served as a civil servant representing Nasjonal Samling during the Second World War.

He was born in Skien, was married and had six children. He finished his secondary education in 1926 and took the cand.jur. degree.

He worked as an attorney in his hometown until 1940, when he was hired as permanent under-secretary of state in the Ministry of the Interior. This was during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, and he had joined the Fascist party Nasjonal Samling in 1938. Dahl is regarded by historians as a knowledgeable and practical civil servant with "judicial finesse". As the German occupants came to mistrust the Minister of Interior, Albert Viljam Hagelin, Dahl rose from 1942–43 to serve almost as the "acting Minister of the Interior". After the war, he was convicted for treason and sentenced to five years of forced labour.

He settled in Gjerpen. He died in 1997, almost 90 years old.

Gjerpen
Gjerpen is a former municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The 381-square-kilometre (147 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Skien Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Gjerpen, which is now part of the growing town of Skien. Gjerpen Church was the main church for the municipality.
Ronald Coventry
Ronald Wilfred Coventry (born 29 May 1928) is a former cricketer who played first-class cricket for Rhodesia from 1953 to 1958.

Coventry was an all-rounder, who batted at various positions in the order and often opened the bowling. He wore spectacles while playing. He made his first-class debut against the touring New Zealanders in 1953-54. In the second innings he made a quick 63, including 24 off one over from John Reid, playing shots that Reid thought resembled tennis, rather than cricket, shots. "I didn't know where to bowl," Reid admitted.

Coventry's best season was 1955-56, when he scored 213 runs for Rhodesia at an average of 30.42, including his highest score of 94 against Orange Free State, and took 16 wickets at 20.31. Rhodesia won the Currie Cup B Section title, winning all six of their matches.

According to CricketArchive he is still alive as of December 2021, but according to Cricinfo he is "presumed dead".

Rhodesia cricket team
The Rhodesia cricket team played first-class cricket and represented originally the British colony of Southern Rhodesia and later the unilaterally independent state of Rhodesia which became Zimbabwe. In 1980 the Rhodesia cricket team was renamed as the Zimbabwe-Rhodesia cricket team, and in 1981 it adopted its current name of the Zimbabwe national cricket team.
The Complete Pacific Jazz Joe Pass Quartet Sessions
The Complete Pacific Jazz Joe Pass Quartet Sessions is a compilation album by American jazz guitarist Joe Pass, released on Mosaic Records in 2001. It includes pieces Pass recorded on Pacific Jazz Records in 1963 and 1964.

The Night Has a Thousand Eyes (jazz standard)
"The Night Has a Thousand Eyes" is a song composed by Jerry Brainin, with lyrics by Buddy Bernier. The song was written for and performed in the 1948 film Night Has a Thousand Eyes. The song has also been recorded by a number of artists since its introduction, including John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Horace Silver, UAB SuperJazz (featuring Ellis Marsalis), Harry Belafonte, Paul Desmond (with Jim Hall), Toshiko Akiyoshi, Pharoah Sanders, Freddie Hubbard, Irene Kral, Harry Beckett, Petula Clark, Gloria Lynne, and Carmen McRae.
Terri Dwyer
Teresa "Terri" Dwyer (born 31 July 1973) is a British television presenter and actress, best known for her role as Ruth Osborne in the British soap opera Hollyoaks. She has also presented the ITV home makeover show 60 Minute Makeover.

The Games (British TV series)
The Games is a British reality sports game show that ran on Channel 4 for four series, in which 10 celebrities competed against each other, by doing Olympic-style events, such as weight lifting, gymnastics and diving. At the end of the series, the contestants with the most points from each round were awarded either a gold, silver or bronze medal.

The series was revived by ITV in May 2022, hosted by Holly Willoughby and Freddie Flintoff.
Russia men's national volleyball team
The Russia men's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and took part in international volleyball competitions.

FIVB considers Russia as the inheritor of the records of Soviet Union (1948–1991) and CIS (1992).
The USSR Volleyball Federation joined the FIVB in 1948, a year after the foundation of the international governing body. The following year they sent a team to compete in the first FIVB Men’s World Championship and have been dominating the international scene ever since, having won six World Championships, four Olympic Games, six World Cups and 14 European Championships (medals of Russian and the Soviet union combined).

On 28 February 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a "recommendation" by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIVB and CEV suspended the participation of Russia in their competitions.

Vladimir Alekno
Vladimir Romanovich Alekno (Russian: Владимир Романович Алекно; born in Polotsk on 4 December 1966) is a former Russian volleyball player and current volleyball coach.

Alekno's volleyball career started in 1984 in the SKA Minsk. Alekno coached the Russian national volleyball team in 2007-2008 and 2011–2012. Under his leadership, the Russian players won the gold medal in 2012 and the bronze medal in 2008 at the Summer Olympic Games. Also, they won the World League and the World Cup, both times in 2011.

In 2020, Alekno was announced as head coach of the Iran national volleyball team.

He publicly supported Russian invasion of Ukraine, calling for participation in supplying one of the Russian army units. Vladimir Alekno was brought to the Ukrainian Mirotvorets list as an accomplice in the crimes of the Russian authorities against Ukraine and its citizens.
Niklas Roest
Niklas Roest (born August 3, 1986) is a Norwegian ice hockey player who is currently playing for Sparta Sarpsborg of the GET-ligaen.

Roest competed in the 2013 and 2014 IIHF World Championships, and the 2014 Winter Olympics as a member of the Norway men's national ice hockey team.

Sparta Sarpsborg
Ishockeyklubben Sparta Sarpsborg is a Norwegian ice hockey team based in Sarpsborg, Norway. They currently play in EliteHockey Ligaen. They play their home games in the Sparta Amfi arena and is Norway's oldest ice hockey rink. The team colours are blue and white.
Cryptocurrency and crime
Cryptocurrency and crime concerns the ways cryptocurrencies are used in, facilitate, or are targeted by criminal activity. Documented areas include investment and romance scams (often called “pig-butchering”), ransomware payments, thefts and exchange hacks, money laundering and sanctions evasion, darknet-market transactions, and occasional off-chain coercion to obtain private keys. Law-enforcement assessments emphasize that investment fraud and laundering are frequent contexts for criminal use of crypto assets, while noting that public blockchains can also aid tracing, seizures, and arrests.

Darknet
A darknet or dark net is an overlay network within the Internet that can only be accessed with specific software, configurations, or authorization, and often uses a unique customized communication protocol. Two typical darknet types are social networks (usually used for file hosting with a peer-to-peer connection), and anonymity proxy networks such as Tor via an anonymized series of connections.

The term "darknet" was popularized by major news outlets and was associated with Tor Onion services when the infamous drug bazaar Silk Road used it, despite the terminology being unofficial. Technology such as Tor, I2P, and Freenet are intended to defend digital rights by providing security, anonymity, or censorship resistance and are used for both illegal and legitimate reasons. Anonymous communication between whistle-blowers, activists, journalists and news organisations is also facilitated by darknets through use of applications such as SecureDrop.
Tom Lindsay (rugby union)
Tom Lindsay (born 18 November 1987) is an English former professional rugby union player who recently played for Bristol Bears in Premiership Rugby.

A former member of the Saracens Academy, Lindsay made his senior debut for Wasps in 2008 and his first senior start came in the 2009–10 Amlin Challenge Cup pool game against Racing Metro. The young hooker produced some excellent form towards the end of that season which earned him selection for England Saxons in the 2010 Churchill Cup.

After 11-year association with Wasps, on 13 March 2015, Lindsay has signed for Gloucester Rugby from the 2015–16 season.

On 16 February 2017, Lindsay left Gloucester by mutual consent to join old club Saracens on a short-term deal as injury cover.

On 10 May 2017, Lindsay signed a permanent deal to join Bedford Blues in the RFU Championship ahead of the 2017–18 season. On 9 March 2018, Lindsay signs for Bristol from the 2018–19 season. He later confirmed his retirement at the end of the 2019–20 season.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Emmanuelle Mottaz
Emmanuelle Mottaz (19 July 1963 – 16 March 2023), popularly known as Emmanuelle, was a French singer and screenwriter. She wrote for Hélène et les Garçons.

Emmanuelle died on 16 March 2023, at the age of 59.

Hélène et les Garçons
Hélène et les Garçons (Helen and the Boys) is a French television sitcom that aired from 1992 to 1994. It is a spin-off from the series First Kisses, and follows Hélène Girard and her friends in their life as students.

It was created in 1992 by Jean-Luc Azoulay. Hélène, the main character, is performed by the actress Hélène Rollès who is also a famous singer in France.
Yanamala
Yanamala (Telugu: యనమల​) is a Telugu surname.  Yenamala is a variant of this surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Yanamala Divya (born 1984), Indian politician

Yanamala Rama Krishnudu (born 1951), Indian politician

Yanamala Divya
Yanamala Divya (born 1984) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. She is a first-time member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Tuni Assembly constituency in East Godavari district. She represents the Telugu Desam Party and was elected in her debut election in the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.
Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group
The Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group (abbreviation: BiEPAG) is an expert group founded in 2013 by European Fund for the Balkans and Centre for Southeast European Studies of the University of Graz. It is composed of the policy analysts, scholars, researchers from the Balkans and wider Europe who are researching political, economic and social trends in the Balkans. The goal of the Group is to support European integration of the region, and to contribute to the consolidation of the vibrant democracies, through the facilitation of evidence based policy dialogue.

University of Graz
The University of Graz (German: Universität Graz, formerly: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz) in Graz is the largest public research university in Styria and the second oldest university in Austria. Its name is derived from Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Francis I of Austria. The University of Graz was founded on January 1, 1585.

The Faculty of Medicine was spun off as the Medical University of Graz on January 1, 2004, under the University Act 2002.
Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). However, the railways also operated up to five 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.

2 ft 6 in gauge railways
2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge railways are narrow gauge railways with track gauge of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm). That gauge was particularly promoted by Thomas Hall and Everard Calthrop during the second half of the nineteenth century, especially in colonies of the British Empire.

Several Bosnian-gauge railways with 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) are found in south-eastern Europe. 760 mm (29.92 in) is well within engineering tolerance of 762 mm (30.0 in).
Lisa Kristine
Lisa Kristine (born September 2, 1965) is an American humanitarian photographer, activist, and speaker. Her photography has documented indigenous cultures and social causes, such as modern slavery, in more than 100 countries. Through her work, Kristine has supported charities and humanitarian organizations. She is a member of the Explorer's Club.

Kristine has published six books and has been the subject of four documentaries. Kristine is the recipient of the 2013 Lucie Humanitarian Award. In 2017, she founded Human Thread Foundation to promote human dignity through educating the public and driving awareness about social causes. In 2019, her exhibition on human trafficking was inaugurated by Pope Francis at the Vatican.

Jeffrey D. Brown
Jeffrey D. Brown is an American film and television director, film producer and screenwriter. He is best known for the directing, producing and writing the short film Molly's Pilgrim for which he won an Academy Award in 1986 for Best Live Action Short Film.

Brown also has directing credits in other television series including; The Wonder Years, L.A. Law, Hooperman, Freshman Dorm, Baby Boom and an episode of CBS Schoolbreak Special.

Brown has also produced and co-wrote the films Pontiac Moon (1994) starring Ted Danson and Mary Steenburgen and Dream with the Fishes (1997), both in collaboration with Finn Taylor. He directed the narrative feature film Sold (2014) based on Patricia McCormick's novel Sold.
Ingri Lande
Ingri Lande, née Liden (25 October 1918 – 31 March 2018) was a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Vestfold during the term 1977–1981. In total she met during 24 days of parliamentary session. She was a member of the central board, became honorary member of Vestfold Christian Democratic Party in 1997 and the Christian Democratic Party nationwide in 2003. In 2000 she received the King's Medal of Merit and in 2006 the Y's Men International Badge of Honour.

She married Odd Lande in 1944, lived in Bergen from 1946 to 1957 and then over sixty years at Nøtterøy. She died at Nøtterøy, 99 years old.

King's Medal of Merit
The King's Medal of Merit (Norwegian: Kongens fortjenstmedalje) is a Norwegian award. It was instituted in 1908 to reward meritorious achievements in the fields of art, science, business, and public service. It is divided in two classes: gold and silver. The medal in gold is rewarded for extraordinary achievements of importance to the nation and society while the medal in silver may be awarded for lesser achievements. It is suspended from a ribbon in the colours of the Royal Standard of Norway.

The medal in gold is ranked eighth in the ranking of Norwegian orders and medals. The medal in silver is ranked 11th.
Jacques Max Manigat
Jacques Max Manigat (born 29 December 1931) is a Haitian scholar. Originally from Cap-Haïtien, he is a member of the Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole Academy). He is the author of several books on the Haitian diaspora.

Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen
The Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen (AKA; pronounced [akademi kɣejɔl ajisjɛ̃]; French: Académie du Créole Haïtien; lit. 'Haitian Creole Academy') is the language regulator of Haitian Creole. It is composed of up to 55 scholars under the leadership of Rogéda Dorcé Dorcil.
Friends of Canadian Media
Friends of Canadian Media (formerly Friends of Public Broadcasting and Friends of Canadian Broadcasting, styled FRIENDS) is a Canadian advocacy group that monitors developments in the Canadian television and radio broadcasting industries. The group promotes expansion of public broadcasting, investment in Canadian content, and production of local news while opposing concentration of media ownership and foreign ownership of Canadian broadcasters.

In 2023, Friends of Canadian Media called for a two-day boycott of posting on Facebook and Instagram after Meta Platforms' response to the passing of the Online News Act.

Friends of Canadian Media presents the Dalton Camp Award, named for journalist and political commentator Dalton Camp. The $10,000 award is presented to the winner of an essay competition on the link between Canadian media and democracy.

Concentration of media ownership
Concentration of media ownership, also known as media consolidation or media convergence, is a process wherein fewer individuals or organizations control shares of the mass media. Research in the 1990s and early 2000s suggested then-increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated where a few companies own much of the market. The proliferation of the Internet and with it the advent of new media companies challenged this oligopoly, before market share being again consolidated by a small set of companies.