hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ravi Balhara
Ravi Balhara (born 8 November 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Haryana in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 14 December 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut on 15 November 2019, for Haryana in the 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.

2018–19 Ranji Trophy
The 2018–19 Ranji Trophy was the 85th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament that took place in India between November 2018 and February 2019. Vidarbha were the defending champions. The final took place between Vidarbha and Saurashtra, starting on 3 February 2019. Vidarbha defeated Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final, to become the sixth team in the tournament's history to retain their title.
Ordinary singularity
In mathematics, an ordinary singularity of an algebraic curve is a singular point of multiplicity r where the r tangents at the point are distinct (Walker 1950, p. 54).
In higher dimensions the literature on algebraic geometry contains many inequivalent definitions of ordinary singular points.

Multiplicity (mathematics)
In mathematics, the multiplicity of a member of a multiset is the number of times it appears in the multiset.  For example, the number of times a given polynomial has a root at a given point is the multiplicity of that root.

The notion of multiplicity is important to be able to count correctly without specifying exceptions (for example, double roots counted twice).  Hence the expression, "counted with multiplicity".

If multiplicity is ignored, this may be emphasized by counting the number of distinct elements, as in "the number of distinct roots". However, whenever a set (as opposed to multiset) is formed, multiplicity is automatically ignored, without requiring use of the term "distinct".
Acer barbatum
Acer barbatum is a confused scientific name for a North American maple.

A plant originally described by André Michaux in 1803, a synonym of Acer saccharum

A plant originally described by  William Jackson Hooker in 1831, a synonym of Acer glabrum

A plant so named in some texts, a synonym of Acer floridanum

Acer saccharum
Acer saccharum, the sugar maple, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is native to the hardwood forests of eastern Canada and the eastern United States. Sugar maple is best known for being the primary source of maple syrup and for its brightly colored autumn foliage. It may also be called "rock maple," "sugar tree," "sweet maple," or, particularly in reference to the wood, "hard maple," "birds-eye maple," or "curly maple," the last two being specially figured lumber.
Markov Processes and Potential Theory
Markov Processes and Potential Theory is a mathematics book written by Robert McCallum Blumenthal and Ronald Getoor. It was first published in 1968 by Academic Press, and remained an influential reference work for several decades. Getoor, in his obituary of Blumenthal, referred to the book as "undoubtedly, our best known work".

Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941. It launched a British division in the 1950s. Academic Press was acquired by Harcourt, Brace & World in 1969. Reed Elsevier said in 2000 it would buy Harcourt, a deal completed the next year, after a regulatory review.  Thus, Academic Press became an imprint of Elsevier.

Academic Press publishes reference books, serials and online products in the subject areas of:

Communications engineering

Economics

Environmental science

Finance

Food science and nutrition

Geophysics

Life sciences

Mathematics and statistics

Neuroscience

Physical sciences

Psychology

Well-known products include the Methods in Enzymology series and encyclopedias such as The International Encyclopedia of Public Health and the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience.
Nuvoletta clan
The Nuvoletta clan was a powerful Neapolitan Camorra clan operating from the town of Marano di Napoli, situated on the northern outskirts of the city of Naples, southern Italy. The Nuvolettas belonged to a new style of Camorra, one that had the dimensions of a large corporation and was considered much more entrepreneurial. The clan was affiliated with several Sicilian Mafia families and was considered one of the most powerful Camorra clans between the 1970s and 1990s, however, since the death of its historical leaders and the large number of arrests and seizures made by the Italian police, the clan was succeeded by the Polverino and Orlando clans, both families with great degree of kinship with the Nuvoletta family.

Pasquale Galasso
Pasquale Galasso (Poggiomarino, May 17, 1955) is a former boss of the Galasso clan, a clan of the Camorra, the Neapolitan crime organization. Since August 1992, he has been a pentito (a criminal turned state witnesses), collaborating with the Italian justice. He revealed many intricate secrets about the Camorra. This led to revelations from other pentiti allowing an insight into the Camorra from the insider's point of view.
Ayra (woreda)
Ayra is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is part of the West Welega Zone. It was separated from former Aira Gulliso woreda in November 1999. It is bounded by Gulliso in the north, Yubdo in southeast and Kelem Wollega Zone in the south and west. Aira is the administrative center.

West Welega Zone
West Wollega Zone (Oromo: Wallagga Lixaa) is a zone in the western part of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. This zone is named after the former province of Wollega, whose western part lay in the area West Wollega now occupies.

West Wellega is bordered on the west by Kelam Welega Zone, on the north by the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, on the east for a short space by East Wollega, and on the southeast by Ilu  Aba Bor. Its highest point is Mount Welel. Towns and cities in West Wollega include Dambidolo, Gimbi, Mendi, and Nejo.

The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) reported that 40,606 tons of coffee were produced in West and East Wollega combined in the year ending in 2005, based on inspection records from the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea authority. This represents 35.3% of the Region's output and 17.9% of Ethiopia's total output.
Tamarix canariensis
Tamarix canariensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Tamaricaceae. It is a shrub or small tree up to 4 m tall. It was previously said to be native to parts of Macaronesia, northern Africa and south-western Europe, but is now considered only to be found in the Canary Islands, the African and European species being Tamarix gallica. It was first described by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1816.

Flowers and foliage

Tamaricaceae
The Tamaricaceae, the tamarisk family, are a family of plants native to drier areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It contains four genera: Tamarix (with 73 species), Reaumuria (25 species), Myricaria (13 species), and Myrtama (a single species).

In the 1980s, the family was classified in the Violales under the Cronquist system; more modern classifications (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) place them in the Caryophyllales.

Many of the plants in the family grow on saline soils, tolerating up to 15,000 ppm soluble salt and can also tolerate alkaline conditions. The leaves are generally scale-like, measure 1–5 mm long, overlap each other along the stem, and in some species are encrusted with salt secretions.
Amador Valley Joint Union High School District v. State Board of Equalization
Amador Valley Joint Union High School District v. State Board of Equalization (1978) 22 Cal.3d 208 was a California Supreme Court case, in which the Amador Valley Joint Union High School District challenged the constitutionality of California's Proposition 13, which placed a cap on property taxes.

Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts.  Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
GeForce 700 series
The GeForce 700 series is a series of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia. While mainly a refresh of the Kepler microarchitecture (GK-codenamed chips), some cards use Fermi (GF) and later cards use Maxwell (GM). GeForce 700 series cards were first released in 2013, starting with the release of the GeForce GTX Titan on February 19, 2013, followed by the GeForce GTX 780 on May 23, 2013. The first mobile GeForce 700 series chips were released in April 2013.

Texture mapping unit
In computer graphics, a texture mapping unit (TMU) is a component in modern graphics processing units (GPUs). They are able to rotate, resize, and distort a bitmap image to be placed onto an arbitrary plane of a given 3D model as a texture, in a process called texture mapping. In modern graphics cards it is implemented as a discrete stage in a graphics pipeline, whereas when first introduced it was implemented as a separate processor, e.g. as seen on the Voodoo2 graphics card.
Tuburan, Cebu
Tuburan, officially the Municipality of Tuburan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Tuburan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tuburan), is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 68,307 people.

Tuburan was the hometown of the revolutionary leader Arcadio Maxilom. And is also known for its crystal-clear springs, beaches, creeks, rivers, caves and natural attractions.

Industrial and domestic products include decorative apparel and fashion accessories made of seashells and coconut shells, wood and other indigenous products. Tubod Festival is held every 13 June in honor of the parish patron, Saint Anthony of Padua.

Anthony of Padua
Anthony of Padua, OFM, or Anthony of Lisbon; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões (15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor.

Anthony was born to and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in Padua, Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history, being canonized less than a year after his death.

He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946.
Dębowiec, Bydgoszcz County
Dębowiec [dɛmˈbɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbrowa Chełmińska, within Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

Dębowiec was a private village, administratively located in the Chełmno Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Timothy Donahue
Timothy Donahue is one of the wireless industry's pioneers, having started his career working at McCaw Cellular. He is the current CEO and member of the Board of Directors of Cerberus Telecom Acquisition Corp. (CTAC), which is a special purpose acquisition company. Cerberus Capital Management tapped Mr. Donahue to lead CTAC because of his deep industry expertise, which includes serving as Executive Chairman of Sprint Nextel, President and Chief Executive Officer of Nextel Communications Inc., as well as holding senior executive roles at AT&T Wireless. Under his leadership, CTAC selected IoT global leader KORE as a merger target.  The fully diluted pro-forma implied enterprise value of the combined company is approximately $1.014 billion, and the transaction is expected to close in Q3 2021.

KORE Wireless
KORE Wireless is a publicly traded company that provides IoT connectivity, managed services, and related solutions. The company supports applications across sectors including healthcare, logistics, fleet, utilities, and industrial automation, with more than 20 million active connections reported worldwide.

KORE operates as a global mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), offering multi-carrier connectivity in over 200 countries and territories. Its portfolio includes eSIM technologies, a connectivity management platform, and services for IoT deployment and operations.

KORE became a public company in 2021 through a merger with Cerberus Telecom Acquisition Corp. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.
Barbara Hayes-Roth
Barbara (Bella) Hayes-Roth is an American computer scientist and psychologist whose research in artificial intelligence includes work on knowledge acquisition,[A] automated planning and scheduling,[B] spatial cognition,[C] the blackboard system,[D] real-time computing,[E] adaptation,[F] and intelligent behavior in interactive storytelling.[G] She was a senior research scientist and lecturer in computer science at Stanford University 1982–2002. She holds two patents on interactive characters and founded Extempo Systems, Inc.

Automated planning and scheduling
Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as simply AI planning, is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control and classification problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in multidimensional space. Planning is also related to decision theory.

In known environments with available models, planning can be done offline. Solutions can be found and evaluated prior to execution. In dynamically unknown environments, the strategy often needs to be revised online. Models and policies must be adapted. Solutions usually resort to iterative trial and error processes commonly seen in artificial intelligence. These include dynamic programming, reinforcement learning and combinatorial optimization. Languages used to describe planning and scheduling are often called action languages.
Lizzie Broughton
Lizzie Broughton (born 5 March 1988) is a British sprint canoeist. She competes primarily in canoe marathon, a sport in which she has won several international medals (including K-1 silver at the 2014 World Championships).

In recent years, she has also enjoyed success in canoe sprint, including gold and silver medals in the 2018 World Championships.

Sprint kayak
Sprint kayak is a type of canoe sprint held on calm water. The paddler is seated, facing forward, and uses a double-bladed paddle pulling the blade through the water on alternate sides to propel the boat forward. Kayak sprint has been in every summer Olympics since it debuted at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The sport is governed by the International Canoe Federation.
Lynn McGlothen
Lynn Everett McGlothen (March 27, 1950 – August 14, 1984) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher from 1972 through 1982. He played for the Boston Red Sox (1972–1973), St. Louis Cardinals (1974–1976), San Francisco Giants (1977–1978), Chicago Cubs (1978–1981), Chicago White Sox (1981) and New York Yankees (1982). McGlothen was named to the National League team in the 1974 All-Star Game as a member of the St. Louis Cardinals.

1974 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1974 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 45th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 23, 1974, at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania the home of the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 7–2.

This marked the third time the Pirates had been host for the All-Star Game (the first two having been in 1944 and the first game in 1959).  This would be the first of two times that the game would be played at Three Rivers Stadium, with the stadium hosting again in 1994.
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research
The Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) (Greek: Ελληνικό Κέντρο Θαλάσσιων Ερευνών, ΕΛ.ΚΕ.ΘΕ.) is a Greek governmental research organisation, focusing on various fields of marine science. It is operating multiple facilities across Greece, which include scientific laboratories, public aquaria and experimental tanks. It also owns three research vessels, a crewed submersible and several Remotely Operated Vehicles for underwater exploration. Additionally, its activities encompass conservation projects and educational programs for the public.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
Jim Piper
Jim Alan Piper (born 13 August 1981) is a former Olympic breaststroke swimmer from Australia. He swam for Australia at the:

Olympics: 2004

World Championships: 2003, 2005, 2007

Commonwealth Games: 2002, 2006

Pan Pacific Championships: 2002

Short Course Worlds: 2002

At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, he finished 19th in the 100-metre breaststroke and was a member of Australia's 9th-place men's 4×100-metre medley relay team. He also reached and swam in the final heat of the 200-metre breaststroke, where he was disqualified for using an illegal kick.

At the 2002 Commonwealth Games, he won the 200-metre breaststroke. Four years later, at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, he finished third in the event.

At the 2002 Short Course Worlds, he won the 200-metre breaststroke in a new meet record (2:07.16).

As of 2013, he is a board member of Swimming Western Australia, a state federation of Swimming Australia.

Australia at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Australia, the previous host of the 2000 Olympics at Sydney, competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece from 13 to 29 August 2004. Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era. The Australian Olympic Committee sent a total of 470 athletes (268 men and 202 women) to the Games to compete in 29 sports.

Australia finished the Athens Games having won a total of 50 medals, including 17 gold, the most gold medals to date although this was equalled in Tokyo 2020 and surpassed its total in Paris 2024 with 18 gold medals. Its strongest sports were swimming, cycling, diving, and rowing.
Gordeyev
Gordeyev or Gordeev (feminine: Gordeyeva/Gordeeva, Russian: Гордеев / Гордеевa) is a Russian-language patronymic surname derived from the given name  Gordey, a variant of  Gordianus/Gordian. Notable people with this surname include:

Alexey Gordeyev (born 1955), Russian politician

Andrei Gordeyev (born 1975), Russian professional football coach and former player

Artyom Gordeyev (born 1988), Russian ice hockey player

Ekaterina Gordeeva (born 1971), Russian figure skater

Fyodor Gordeyev (1744–1810), Russian sculptor

Irina Gordeeva (born 1986), Russian high jumper

Katerina Gordeeva (born 1977), Russian journalist

Sergei Gordeev (born 1972), Russian billionaire property developer

Tatyana Gordeyeva (born 1973), Russian heptathlete

Valery Gordeev (born 1952), Soviet motorcycle speedway rider

Vladimir Gordeev (born 1950), Soviet motorcycle speedway rider

Yulia Gordeeva (born 1988), Russian footballer

Ekaterina Gordeeva
Ekaterina "Katia" Alexandrovna Gordeeva (Russian: Екатерина Александровна Гордеева; born 28 May 1971) is a Soviet and Russian figure skater. With her late husband Sergei Grinkov, she is the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion, a four-time World Champion (1986, 1987, 1989, 1990), a three-time European Champion (1988, 1990, 1994), the 1990 Goodwill Games champion, 1987 Soviet champion, and 1994 Russian champion in pair skating. After Grinkov's death, Gordeeva continued performing as a singles skater.
2014 German Grand Prix
The 2014 German Grand Prix (formally known as the 2014 Formula 1 Grosser Preis Santander von Deutschland) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 20 July 2014. After being held at the Nürburgring GP-Strecke in 2013, the race returned to the Hockenheimring near Hockenheim in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, which last held the race in 2012. It was the tenth round of the 2014 Formula One season, and marked the 75th running of the German Grand Prix, and the 61st time the race has been run as a round of the Formula One World Championship. The race was won by local driver Nico Rosberg who started from pole. The event was noted for a poor fan turnout.

Hockenheim
Hockenheim (German: [ˈhɔkn̩haɪm] ⓘ) is a town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 20 km south of Mannheim and 10 km west of Walldorf. It is located in the Upper Rhine valley on the tourist theme routes "Baden Asparagus Route" (Badische Spargelstraße) and Bertha Benz Memorial Route. The town is widely known for its Hockenheimring, a motor racing course, which has hosted over 30 Formula One German Grand Prix races since 1970.

Hockenheim is one of the six largest towns in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district; since 1999 the number of inhabitants exceeded the 20,000 threshold, thus the town received the status of a regional central town (Große Kreisstadt) in 2001. It is twinned with the French town of Commercy, the German town of Hohenstein-Ernstthal in Saxony and the American town of Mooresville, North Carolina.
Sajax
Sajax (Simple Ajax Toolkit), is an open-source tool designed to help websites using the Ajax framework (also known as XMLHttpRequest). It allows the programmer to call ASP, ColdFusion, Io, Lua, PHP, Perl, Python, or Ruby functions from their webpages via JavaScript without performing a browser refresh.

Sajax supports IE5+, Pocket IE, Opera 8+ (including mobile), Opera mini 4+, Safari 1.2+, Mozilla 0.94+ and Konqueror.

Adobe ColdFusion
Adobe ColdFusion is a commercial rapid web-application development computing platform created by J. J. Allaire in 1995. (The programming language used with that platform is also commonly called ColdFusion, though is more accurately known as CFML.) ColdFusion was originally designed to make it easier to connect simple HTML pages to a database. By version 2 (1996) it had become a full platform that included an IDE in addition to a full scripting language.
Innocence (Nero song)
"Innocence" is a song by British dubstep trio Nero. It was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 26 April 2010 as the lead single from the debut studio album, Welcome Reality – also acting as a double A-side with the track "Electron". The single peaked at number 167 on the UK Singles Chart, also reaching number 15 and number 16 on the independent releases chart and dance chart respectively.

Welcome Reality
Welcome Reality is the debut album by British dubstep group Nero. A concept album, it was released first in Ireland on 12 August 2011 and the rest of the world on 15 August 2011 except Australia and New Zealand where it was released on 19 August 2011 on Chase & Status's MTA Records. The album has sold 120,000 copies in the United States as of July 2015.