hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carlos Pereda
Carlos Pereda Failache (Florida, Uruguay) is an Uruguayan/Mexican philosopher, and emeritus researcher at UNAM's Institute for Philosophical Research. Pereda is the author of more than 50 articles, 10 books, and winner of the Siglo XXI Essay Prize, 2008, for his book Learnings from the Exile [Los aprendizajes del exilio]. He has been president of the Mexican Philosophical Association/

University of the Republic (Uruguay)
The University of the Republic (Spanish: Universidad de la República, sometimes UdelaR) is a public research university in Montevideo, Uruguay. It is the country's oldest and largest university, as well as one of the largest public universities in South America in terms of enrollment. Established in 1849, it has educated the vast majority of Uruguay's professionals throughout history and has maintained a leading role in advancing academic research and higher education.

The University of the Republic enrolls more than 140,000 students and is organized into 16 independent faculties. It administers 7 university schools and scientific institutes, the Hospital Clinic Manuel Quintela, as well as three regional university centers that serve different parts of the country.
Cathedral of the Consolata, Tehran
The Cathedral of the Consolata (Persian: کلیسای جامع کنسولاتا), also called the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Tehran, is a Catholic Church building in the city of Tehran, Iran, in which the Latin or Roman rite is followed. The shrine is dedicated to Blessed Virgin Mary under her title of Our Lady of Consolation.

By contrast, it is not the Chaldean Catholic cathedral of Tehran, St. Joseph's Cathedral, where the Chaldean rite is followed. The cathedral is located near the Italian embassy in Tehran.

It is the main church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Teheran-Isfahan (Archidioecesis Teheranensis-Hispahanensis Latinorum), which was created in 1629 by Pope Urban VIII. Today, it is under the pastoral responsibility of Bishop Dominique Mathieu, O.F.M. Conv. Due to the diversity of nationalities of Christians in the city, it offers religious services in various languages.

Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Tehran
The Chaldean Catholic Metropolitan Archeparchy of Tehran (Latin: Archidioecesis Teheranensis Chaldaeorum) is an Archeparchy (Eastern Archdiocese) of the Chaldean Catholic church (Syro-Oriental Rite) in Iran, with its archiepiscopal see, St. Joseph's Cathedral, in the national capital Tehran. Despite its Metropolitan rank, it has no suffragan.
Brigitte Latrille-Gaudin
Brigitte Latrille-Gaudin (born 15 April 1958) is a French fencer. She won a gold, silver and bronze medal in the women's team foil events at three different Olympic Games. She also won a gold medal in the individual foil event at the 1979 Mediterranean Games.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Udmurtia constituency
The Udmurtia constituency (No.33) is a Russian legislative constituency in Udmurtia. The constituency covers north-western Izhevsk and northern Udmurtia.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Andrey Isayev, a six-term State Duma member and former Deputy Chairman of the Duma, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Aleksey Zagrebin.

Yakshur-Bodyinsky District
Yakshur-Bodyinsky District (Russian: Якшу́р-Бо́дьинский райо́н; Udmurt: Якшур-Бӧдья ёрос, Jakšur-Böďja joros) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in the Udmurt Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 1,780.1 square kilometers (687.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yakshur-Bodya. Population: 21,467 (2010 Census); 22,599 (2002 Census); 22,964 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Yakshur-Bodya accounts for 33.8% of the district's total population.
National Highway 68 (India)
The highway starting from its junction with NH-70 near Tanot connecting Ramgarh, Bhadasar, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Sanchor in the State of Rajasthan, Tharad, Bhabar, Radhanpur, Kamalpur, Khakhal, Roda, Dunawada, Patan, Chanasma, Mahesana, Kherva, Gojariya, Sama, Churada, Kuvadara and terminating at its junction with NH-48 near Prantij in the State of Gujarat.

Mehsana
Mehsana (pronunciationⓘ), also spelled Mahesana, is a city and the headquarters of Mehsana district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Established in 14th century, the city was under Gaekwads of Baroda State from 18th century to the independence of India in 1947. Dairy, oil and natural gas are major industries in the city.
Olli Hoare
Oliver Hoare (born 29 January 1997) is an Australian middle-distance runner who primarily competes in the 1500 metres. He notably won the 1500 m at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in a Games record of 3:30.12. Hoare also competed for Australia at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

New Balance Indoor Grand Prix
The New Balance Indoor Grand Prix, formerly known as the Boston Indoor Games, is an annual indoor track and field meet which is held in late January or early February at the Track at New Balance. Prior to 2023, it was hosted at the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center. It was first held in Roxbury, a neighborhood in Boston, in 1996 and has become one of the foremost events of its type in the United States, alongside the Millrose Games.
Drušče
Drušče (pronounced [ˈdɾuːʃtʃɛ]) is a settlement in the hills south of Boštanj in the Municipality of Sevnica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Barbara and belongs to the Parish of Škocjan pri Novem Mestu. It dates to the 17th century.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).
Ethylvanillin
Ethylvanillin is the organic compound with the formula (C2H5O)(HO)C6H3CHO. This colorless solid consists of a benzene ring with hydroxyl, ethoxy, and formyl groups on the 4, 3, and 1 positions, respectively. It is a homologue of vanillin, differing on the 3 position.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
On Denoting
"On Denoting" is an essay by Bertrand Russell. It was published in the philosophy journal Mind in 1905. In it, Russell introduces and advocates his theory of denoting phrases, according to which definite descriptions and other "denoting phrases ... never have any meaning in themselves, but every proposition in whose verbal expression they occur has a meaning." This theory later became the basis for Russell's descriptivism with regard to proper names, and his view that proper names are "disguised" or "abbreviated" definite descriptions.

In the 1920s, Frank P. Ramsey referred to the essay as "that paradigm of philosophy". In the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry Descriptions, Peter Ludlow singled the essay out as "the paradigm of philosophy", and called it a work of "tremendous insight"; provoking discussion and debate among philosophers of language and linguists for over a century.

Descriptivist theory of names
In the philosophy of language, the descriptivist theory of proper names (also descriptivist theory of reference) is the view that the meaning or semantic content of a proper name is identical to the descriptions associated with it by speakers, while their referents are determined to be the objects that satisfy these descriptions. Bertrand Russell and Gottlob Frege have both been associated with the descriptivist theory, which has been called the mediated reference theory or Frege–Russell view.

In the 1970s, this theory came under attack from causal theorists such as Saul Kripke, Hilary Putnam and others. However, it has seen something of a revival in recent years, especially under the form of what are called two-dimensional semantic theories. This latter trend is exemplified by the theories of David Chalmers, among others.
SIGMA (verification service)
SIGMA is an electronic verification service offered by Nielsen Media Research and is generally used for commercials, infomercials, video news releases, public service announcements, satellite media tours, and electronic press kits.

It operates by encoding the SIGMA encoder ID, date of encoding, and time of encoding in lines 20 and 22 of the video signal, which is outside of the area displayed on a normal television screen (this is similar to how closed captioning is transmitted).

On a professional video monitor with underscan capability activated or a computer display of the entire video frame, the SIGMA data will look like small, moving white lines at the top of the frame. Nielsen provides overnight reports of airplay in all television markets in the country.

Encoder (digital)
An encoder (or "simple encoder") in digital electronics is a one-hot to binary converter. That is, if there are 2n input lines, and at most only one of them will ever be high, the binary code of this 'hot' line is produced on the n-bit output lines. A binary encoder is the dual of a binary decoder.

If the input circuit can guarantee at most a single-active input, a simple encoder is a better choice than a priority encoder, since it requires less logic to implement. However, a simple encoder can generate an incorrect output when more than a single input is active, so a priority encoder is required in such cases.
Glastonbury Festival 1997
Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts returned in 1997 after 1996's fallow year. The attendance was 90,000 and tickets cost £75 including official programme.

This time there was major sponsorship from The Guardian and the BBC, who had taken over televising the event from Channel 4. This was also the year of the mud, with the site suffering severe rainfalls which turned the entire site into a muddy bog. However, those who stayed for the festival were treated to many memorable performances, including Radiohead's headlining Pyramid Stage set on the Saturday which is said to be one of the greatest ever Glastonbury performances. The live recording of "Paranoid Android" from this performance, as well as others such as "The Day Before Yesterday's Man" by The Supernaturals, were released on a BBC CD entitled Mud For It.

The Supernaturals
The Supernaturals are a guitar-based indie rock band from Glasgow, Scotland. Fronted by singer-songwriter James McColl, the band signed to Parlophone in 1996, and had a string of singles which were taken from their three albums and four EPs. Other members included Mark Guthrie, Derek McManus, Gavin Crawford and Ken McAlpine. The band's best known songs ("Smile" and "I Wasn't Built To Get Up") were featured prominently in a series of television advertisements. In total they scored five top 40 entries in the UK Singles Chart. The band broke up in 2002, before reforming in 2012, and they continue to record music, and perform concerts, to this day.
Richard Bucher
Richard Bucher (September 27, 1955 – September 7, 2012) was an ice hockey goaltender who played for HC Davos in the Swiss National League A.  He also represented the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team in the 1985 and 1987 World Championships as well as the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Switzerland men's national ice hockey team
The Switzerland men's national ice hockey team (German: Schweizer Eishockeynationalmannschaft; French: Équipe de Suisse de hockey sur glace; Italian: Nazionale di hockey su ghiaccio della Svizzera) is a founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and is controlled by the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation.

As of 2026, the Swiss team is ranked 2nd in the IIHF World Rankings.
Morning After a Heavy Gale
Morning After a Heavy Gale is an oil painting by the British artist Edward William Cooke, from 1857. A seascape, it depicts the morning after a heavy storm, depicting the pilot boat and lifeboat of Ramsgate, in Kent, going to the assistance of an East Indiaman floundering in the Goodwin Sands, in the English Channel.

Cooke was a follower although never a formal pupil of the marine painter Clarkson Frederick Stanfield. The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1857 at the National Gallery in London. Today it is in the Dallas Museum of Art.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Ideogramme
An ideogramme is a form of poetry that relies heavily on typographical elements, design, and layout.

It comparable in manner to onomatopoetics or onomatopoeia. With onomatopoeia the word said sounds like what it represents: Moo, Whack, Bang, etc. etc..  In an ideogramme a word or group of words visually embody their content.

One of the first and most recognizable ideogrammes is Guillaume Apollinaire's Il Pleut (It's Raining), written in 1916. It was published in his book Calligrammes: Poems of Peace and War. Often this form is grouped within the Futurist movement. But, it extends beyond it. ee cummings was not a Futurist and his poem l(a is often cited for use of the ideogramme.

In November 1917 at Vieux Colombier Apollinaire stated in his lecture New Spirit and the Poets that "Typographical artifices worked out with great audacity have the advantage of bringing to life a visual lyricism which was almost unknown before our age."

Calligrammes
Calligrammes: Poems of Peace and War 1913–1916, is a collection of poems by Guillaume Apollinaire which was first published in 1918. Calligrammes is noted for how the typeface and spatial arrangement of the words on a page plays just as much of a role in the meaning of each poem as the words themselves – a form called a calligram. In this sense, the collection can be seen as either concrete poetry or visual poetry.

Apollinaire described his work as "an idealisation of free verse poetry and typographical precision in an era when typography is reaching a brilliant end to its career, at the dawn of the new means of reproduction that are the cinema and the phonograph".
Patrick O'Gorman
Patrick James O'Gorman was an Irish Fine Gael politician. A shopkeeper, he was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork East constituency at the 1948 general election, and was re-elected at the 1951 general election. He lost his seat at the 1954 general election but was subsequently nominated by the Taoiseach to the 8th Seanad. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1957 general election.

1957 Irish general election
The 1957 Irish general election to the 16th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 5 March, following a dissolution of the 15th Dáil on 12 February by President Seán T. O'Kelly on the request of Taoiseach John A. Costello on 4 February. It was the longest election campaign in the history of the state, spanning 30 days. The general election took place in 40 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

The 16th Dáil met at Leinster House on 20 March to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Costello lost office, and Éamon de Valera was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 8th government of Ireland, a single-party majority Fianna Fáil government.
Tahkuranna
Tahkuranna is a village in Häädemeeste Parish, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia. It is the birthplace of Konstantin Päts, the first president of Estonia, and his brother, the artist and politician Voldemar Päts. Tiit Helmja, an Olympic rower, was also born in Tahkuranna.

A monument to Konstantin Päts is located in Tahkuranna. It was erected in 1939, but it was destroyed by the Soviet Union in August 1940, shortly after the Soviet occupation of Estonia. A copy of the monument was installed in 1989 during the Estonian national awakening.

Tiit Helmja
Tiit Helmja (born 19 July 1945) is an Estonian rower who competed for Soviet Union at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City with the men's coxed pair where they qualified for the small final but did not start. At the 1971 European Rowing Championships in Copenhagen, he won bronze with the men's eight. At the 1973 European Rowing Championships in Moscow, he won silver with the men's coxless four.
Churchill, Prince Edward Island
Churchill is a community in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. The community was named for Winston Churchill. It is located in the township of Lot 65, Queens County immediately west of New Haven.

Churchill is located in the Bonshaw Hills, a high land in the centre of the province.  Strathgartney Hill separates the community from Bonshaw to the west.

Queens County, Prince Edward Island
Queens County is a county in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is the largest county in the province by population with 89,770 (2021) and land. Charlottetown is the county seat of Queens County, and is the largest city and the capital of Prince Edward Island.
Kamraj
Kamraj can refer to:

K. Kamaraj (1903–1975), also Kamraj or Kamarajar, Indian politician, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (then Madras State)
Kamarajar Deseeya Congress, a political party in India
Virudhunagar district, also Kamarajar district, Tamil Nadu, India
Kamaraj (film), a 2004 Indian film

Kamraj Kesari, Indian cricketer

Kamraj, a colloquial term for the plant Helminthostachys zeylanica

Kamaraj (film)
Kamaraj is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language biographical film directed by Balakrishnan made about the life of the Indian politician K. Kamaraj from Tamil Nadu, widely acknowledged as the "Kingmaker" in Indian politics during the 1960s. He was the chief minister of Tamil Nadu during 1954-1963 and a Member of Parliament during 1952-1954 and 1969–1975.

Music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and the film was produced by Ramana Communications and co- produced by Shakthi International (P.Loganathan). The film had a theatrical release across India in February 2004.
Peter Kullgren
Peter Kullgren (born 17 May 1981) is a Swedish politician who serves as Minister of Rural Affairs in the cabinet of Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson since October 2022. A member of the Christian Democrats, he was party secretary from 2018 to 2022.

Kristersson cabinet
The Kristersson cabinet (Swedish: regeringen Kristersson) is the 57th government of Sweden and is formed by Ulf Kristersson, leader of the Moderate Party. It is a coalition government consisting of three parties: the Moderate Party, the Christian Democrats, and the Liberals. The cabinet works closely with the Sweden Democrats, in accordance with the Tidö Agreement backed by a majority in the Riksdag.
Regio-Tour
The Regio-Tour is a multi-stage road bicycle race held between France, Switzerland and Germany. It was first held in 1985 and since 2005 it has been organised as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. Famous riders like Laurent Brochard, Jan Ullrich, Alexander Vinokourov, Andreas Klöden, Mario Cipollini and Viatcheslav Ekimov have won the race.

Since 2002 it has been called Rothaus Regio-Tour due to sponsorship.

There was no professional edition since 2008 and the tour was since then just held a junior race.

Viatcheslav Ekimov
Viatcheslav Vladimirovich Ekimov (Russian Вячеслав Владимирович Екимов; born 4 February 1966) is a Russian former professional racing cyclist.  A triple Olympic gold medalist, he was awarded the title of Russian Cyclist of the Century in 2001.
Church's Auxiliary for Social Action
Church's Auxiliary for Social Action or CASA (founded in 1947) is a non-religious Indian development organisation and charitable trust based in New Delhi and a service wing of the National Council of Churches in India comprising the Orthodox and Protestant Church Societies in India.  CASA is a member of ACT Alliance

Mar Aprem Mooken writes,

Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India at the time of partition, asked the Christian community to assist in the work among the refugees, which the community readily responded through the National Council of Churches in India.

Aprem Mooken
Mar Aprem Mooken (born George Mooken; 13 June 1940 – 7 July 2025) was a prelate who served as the Metropolitan of the Assyrian Church of the East (Classical Syriac: ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܖ̈ܝܐ) in India (Chaldean Syrian Church).
I-Space (conceptual framework)
The Information Space or I-Space is a conceptual framework relating the degree of structure of knowledge (i.e. its level of codification and abstraction) to its diffusibility (i.e. how, why, and at what rate it spreads) as that knowledge develops.

Conceptual framework
A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.
Gisors
Gisors (French pronunciation: [ʒizɔʁ]) is a commune in the French department of Eure, Normandy, France. It is located 62.9 km (39.1 mi) northwest from the centre of Paris.

Gisors, together with the neighbouring communes of Trie-Château and Trie-la-Ville, form an urban area of 13,915 inhabitants (2018). This urban area is a satellite town of Paris.

Eure
Eure (/ɜːr/ UR; French pronunciation: [œʁ]; Norman: Eure or Eûre) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.
1908 Sheffield Central by-election
The 1908 Sheffield Central by-election was held on 21 April 1908.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Howard Vincent.  It was won by the Conservative candidate James Hope.  He was unopposed.

James Hope, 1st Baron Rankeillour
James Fitzalan Hope, 1st Baron Rankeillour, PC (11 December 1870 – 14 February 1949), was a British Conservative politician. He served as Chairman of Ways and Means from 1921 to 1924 and again from 1924 to 1929.