hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolay Emanuel
Nikolay Markovich Emanuel (Russian: Никола́й Ма́ркович Эмануэ́ль; October 1, 1915 – December 7, 1984) was a Soviet chemist. He was a key specialist in chemical kinetics and mechanics of  chemical reactions. He lectured at Moscow State University since 1944 (and was appointed full Professor in 1950). In 1958 he became a corresponding  member and in 1966 he became a full member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1974, he was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Buried in Moscow.

Chemical kinetics
Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how experimental conditions influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that also can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction.
Argyll and Bute (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Argyll and Bute (Gaelic: Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd) is a county constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering most of the council area of Argyll and Bute. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it is also one of eight constituencies in the Highlands and Islands electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the eight constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The seat has been held by Jenni Minto of the Scottish National Party since the 2021 Scottish Parliament election.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Araeosteus
Araeosteus is an extinct genus of marine ray-finned fish, closely related to the modern-day prowfish. It contains a single species, A. rothi which is known from Late Miocene (Tortonian)-aged marine strata in Southern California, primarily the Diatom Beds of Lompoc (Monterey Formation) and the Santa Monica Mountains (Modelo Formation).

Santa Monica Mountains
The Santa Monica Mountains are a coastal mountain range in Southern California, next to the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Transverse Ranges. The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area protects nearly all of this mountain range, and extends beyond it in places. Because of its proximity to densely populated regions, it is one of the most visited natural areas in California.
44th Academy Awards
The 44th Academy Awards were presented April 10, 1972, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles.  The ceremonies were presided over by Helen Hayes, Alan King, Sammy Davis Jr., and Jack Lemmon. One of the highlights of the evening was one of the last public appearances of Betty Grable, who died the following year. She appeared alongside one of her leading men from the 1940s, singer Dick Haymes, to present the musical scoring awards. This was the first time in Awards history that the nominees were shown in superimposed pictures while being announced. Around seventy-five million viewers watched the ceremony.

Dick Haymes
Richard Benjamin Haymes (September 13, 1918 – March 28, 1980) was an Argentine singer, songwriter and actor. He was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1940s and early 1950s. He was the older brother of Bob Haymes, an actor, television host, and songwriter.
Sandhya Purecha
Sandhya Purecha is a senior Bharatanatyam exponent, Author and renowned practitioner of Indian classical dance. She is the first person to bring on stage the performance in Bharatnatyam style of the entire Abhinaya Darpan dance treatise as defined by Nandikeshwara in Abhinaya Darpan and as choreographed by her Guru Parvati Kumar.   Purecha has researched on Kalasa Karana and published it in 2010.

She was bestowed with Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for 2017 for Overall Contribution to Performing Arts.

Purecha is the Chairman of Sangeet Natak Akademi and Chairperson of W20 Engagement Group of G20 India 2023.

Sandhya Purecha is the member of Board of Trustees of Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. She represents Government Teachers’ Training Programme at Natyashala on "Rasa" theory since 1994. She was member of prestigious indian padam awards committee 2023.

Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (IAST: Saṅgīta Nāṭaka Akādamī Puraskāra), also known as the Akademi Puraskar, is an award given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama. It is the highest Indian recognition given to people in the field of performing arts.

In 2003, the award consisted of Rs. 50,000, a citation, an angavastram (a shawl), and a tamrapatra (a brass plaque). Since 2009, the cash prize has been increased to ₹1,00,000. The awards are given in the categories of music, dance, theatre, other traditional arts and puppetry, and for contribution/scholarship in performing arts.
Turf Club, Gauteng
Turf Club is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is a small suburb south of the Johannesburg CBD and located next to the suburb of Turffontein. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
White House Down
White House Down is a 2013 American political action thriller film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by James Vanderbilt. The film stars Channing Tatum, Jamie Foxx, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Jason Clarke, Richard Jenkins, Joey King, and James Woods. In the film, a divorced U.S. Capitol Police officer attempts to rescue both his daughter and the President of the United States when a destructive terrorist assault occurs in the White House.

Released on June 28, 2013, by Sony Pictures Releasing through its Columbia Pictures label, White House Down received mixed reviews from critics, and grossed $205 million against a budget of $150M. White House Down was one of two 2013 films that dealt with a terrorist attack on the White House; the other, Olympus Has Fallen, was released three months earlier.

Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group
Sony Pictures Entertainment Motion Picture Group (formerly known as the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group until 2013, and abbreviated as SPMPG) is a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment to manage its motion picture operations. It was launched in 1998 by integrating the businesses of Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures.
Bill Owens (photographer)
Bill Owens (born September 25, 1938) is an American photographer, photojournalist, brewer and editor living in Hayward, California. He is best known for his photographs of suburban domestic scenes taken in the East Bay and published in the book Suburbia (1973). Owens is the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and two National Endowment for the Arts Grants.

According to The New York Sun, "Owens is uniquely associated with suburbanites living in the tract housing developments that absorbed 60 million Americans in the decades following World War II."

East Bay
37°42′N 122°00′W﻿ / ﻿37.7°N 122°W﻿ / 37.7; -122

The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. With a population of roughly 2.8 million in 2024, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area, containing the second- and third-most populous Bay Area counties of Alameda (1.7 million) and Contra Costa (1.1 million).

Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay by population and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon, and Walnut Creek.
Arifiye–Adapazarı railway
The Adapazarı branch is a short, 3.2 km (2.0 mi) railway branch line off the Istanbul–Ankara main line. The line was opened in 1899 by the Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie, and runs from Arifiye to Adapazarı. An extension to Bolu and Ankara was planned but never constructed.

Bolu
Bolu is a city in northern Turkey, and administrative center of the Bolu Province and of Bolu District, located on the highway between Istanbul and Ankara. Its population is 184,682 (2021).

The city has been governed by mayor Tanju Özcan (CHP) since local elections in 2019. It was the site of Ancient Claudiopolis and has also been called Eskihisar ("old fortress") (and as such has several Turkish namesakes).

The old highway (D-100) between Ankara and Istanbul climbs over Mount Bolu, while the new motorway (E-80) passes through Mount Bolu Tunnel, a little distance from the town. It is situated at 742 m (2,434 ft) above sea level on the southern slopes of a bare hill.
Utara
Utara is the Malay word for north and can be found in topography. It is a loanword from the Sanskrit उत्तर, uttara (cf. Hindi उत्तर and Urdu اتر, uttar) which is also frequently found in topographic names, including the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

E.g.

Sulawesi Utara -> North Sulawesi

Sumatera Utara -> North Sumatra

Maluku Utara -> North Maluku

Miscellaneous:
Utara Coal Mine
Utara University, Malaysia
Laluan MRT Utara Selatan, Singapore
Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan, Singapore

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
A Funny Mahometan
A Funny Mahometan (French: Le Musulman rigolo) was an 1897 short silent comedy film directed by Georges Méliès. It was released by Méliès's Star Film Company and numbered 94 in its catalogues, where it was advertised as a scène comique.

The film was shot outside in the garden of Méliès's property in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, with painted scenery. Méliès himself played the Muslim of the title. A Funny Mahometan, with its presumably Algerian Muslim, is the first known film on an Algerian topic in cinema history.

The film is currently presumed lost.

Georges Méliès
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès (/meɪlˈjɛs/ mayl-YES, French: [maʁi ʒɔʁʒ ʒɑ̃ meljɛs]; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French filmmaker, actor, magician, and toymaker. He led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of cinema, primarily in the fantasy and science fiction genres. Méliès rose to prominence creating "trick films" and became well known for his innovative use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards in his work. His most important films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904).
Via Vandelli
Via Vandelli is a historical commercial and military road, designed and built in the 18th century by Domenico Vandelli under the reign of Francesco III d'Este between 1739 and 1752. The road connected the city of Modena with the city of Massa, in its original project of 1739. In the 1750s, a variant was added, connecting Sassuolo, a residence of the Duke of Ferrara and of Modena, with the existing road from Modena to Massa. After Roman roads, Via Vandelli was the first road in Europe to be designed and realized according to a project fulfilling the customer requirements and modern engineering criteria. It is also the first road to be provided with taverns, inns and staging posts.

Massa, Tuscany
Massa  (Italian: [ˈmassa] ⓘ; Emilian: Masa) is a town and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, the administrative centre of the province of Massa and Carrara. It is located in the Frigido River Valley, near the Alpi Apuane, 5 km (3 mi) from the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Chekre
Chekre (Turki/Kypchak and Persian: چکره) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1414 to 1416. His name is found in several renditions, including Chinggis Oghlan (چنگیز اغلان) and possibly Berke. Information on his life and reign is very limited.

Tuqa-Timur
Tuqa-Temür (also Toqa-Temür and Toghai-Temür, in the Perso-Arabic orthography of the sources rendered Tūqā-Tīmūr or Tūqāy-Tīmūr) was the thirteenth and youngest or penultimate son of Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan. He was a younger brother of Batu Khan and Berke Khan, the rulers of what came to be known as the Golden Horde.
Nsoatreman F.C.
Nsoatreman Football Club is a Ghanaian professional football club based at Nsoatre, Bono Region that competes in the Ghana Premier League, the top-flight of Ghanaian football. It plays its home matches at the Nana Konamansah Park astroturf.

Ghana Premier League
The Ghana Premier League is the top professional association football league in Ghana organized by the Ghana Football Association and formed in 1958 to replace a previous league incarnation, the Gold Coast Club Competition which ran from 1933 to 1953–54. As of the first quarter of 2024, the league was ranked as the 8th best league in Africa by TeamForm.com.

Asante Kotoko is the most successful team in the league with 25 titles, followed by Accra Hearts of Oak with 20. The bottom 3 teams are relegated at the end of each season and placed in each zone of the Ghanaian Division One League.

The 2019–20 season was halted and eventually cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana that mirrored the cause of postponement or cancellation of association football leagues and competitions across the globe.
Khaira, Delhi
Khaira is an Ahir-dominated urban village inhabited by people belonging to Lamba and Aphariya gotra, located on Shaheed Rao Laxmi Chand Marg (the road well known as Main Khaira Road) in Najafgarh tehsil of South West Delhi, Delhi.

The village is a part of Surheda Seventeen Village Panchayat.

Lamba (surname)
Lamba‌, also spelt Lanba, is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abhimanyu Lamba (born 1995), Indian cricketer

Ajai Lamba (born 1958), Indian judge

Alka Lamba (born 1975), Indian politician

Ankit Lamba (born 1991), Indian cricketer

Arfi Lamba, Indian-born actor, producer, entertainer, philosopher, and humanist

Arvinder Singh Lamba, Indian general

Aryan Niraj Lamba (born 2002), Indian footballer

Chhaju Ram Lamba (1861–1943), Indian businessman and philanthropist

Dinesh Lamba, Indian actor

Indrajit Lamba (born 1949), Indian equestrian

Jacqueline Lamba (1910–1993), French artist

Minissha Lamba (born 1985), Indian actress

Priti Lamba (born 1995), Indian track athlete

Raman Lamba (1960–1998), Indian cricketer

Ramswaroop Lamba, Indian politician

Riccardo Lamba (born 1956), Catholic Priest of Italy

Sonam Lamba (born 1997), Indian actress

Sunil Lamba (born 1957), former Indian Navy Chief

Vinay Lamba, Indian cricketer
2018 Norwegian Football Cup
The 2018 Norwegian Football Cup was the 113th edition of the Norwegian annual knock-out football tournament. It began with qualification matches in March and April 2018. The first round was played from 17–19 April 2018 and the tournament concluded with the final on 2 December 2018.

Rosenborg won their twelfth Cup title. The victory would have earned them a place in the first qualifying round of the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League, but since the club already had qualified to the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League as winners of the 2018 Eliteserien, this berth was passed down to Haugesund, fourth-place finishers in the league.

FK Haugesund
Fotballklubben Haugesund (lit. 'Football Club Haugesund'), usually referred to as FK Haugesund or FKH, is a professional football club from the city of Haugesund that plays in the second tier of the Norwegian football league system.

FK Haugesund previously played in the top division in 1996–1998, 2000 and in 2010–2025. The club have been runners-up in the Norwegian Cup in 2007 and 2019 as well as having competed in the qualifying stages for the UEFA Europa League in 2014–15, 2017–18 and 2019–20. The club's best achievement in the national league is the bronze medal in Eliteserien in 2013, and fourth place in the 2016 and 2018-seasons.

It was originally founded on 28 October 1993 after a merger between the Haugesund-based football clubs Djerv 1919 and SK Haugar. The club plays its home matches at the Haugesund Stadion near the city-centre of Haugesund. The stadium has a capacity of 8,754. Maakeberget is the official but independent supporter club of FK Haugesund.
Saturdays (TV series)
Saturdays is an American coming-of-age comedy television series created by Norman Vance Jr. It aired from March 24 to May 12, 2023, on Disney Channel. The series stars Danielle Jalade, Daria Johns, Peyton Z. Basnight, Jermaine Harris, Tim Johnson Jr., Golden Brooks, and Omar Gooding.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Psychological egoism
Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism. It claims that, when people choose to help others, they do so ultimately because of the personal benefits that they expect to obtain, directly or indirectly, from doing so.

This is a descriptive rather than normative view, since it only makes claims about how things are, not how they "ought to be" according to some. It is, however, related to several other normative forms of egoism, such as ethical egoism and rational egoism.

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) is a scholarly online encyclopedia with around 900 articles about philosophy, philosophers, and related topics. The IEP publishes only peer-reviewed and blind-refereed original papers. Contribution is generally by invitation. Contributors come from 35 countries, according to the encyclopedia's "representative list", and are recognized as leading international specialists within their field.
Consejo Minero
Consejo Minero (lit. Mining Council) is a guild grouping large mining companies active in Chile. According to Consejo Minero in 2025 its companies produce 94% of Chile's copper, 96% of its iron, 90% of its silver and 63% of its gold and lithium. Its members are Anglo American, BHP, CMP, Minera Centinela, Codelco, Compañía Minera Doña Inés de Collahuasi, El Abra (owned by Freeport-McMoRan and Codelco), Minera Escondida, Freeport-McMoRan, Glencore, Gold Fields, KGHM, Kinross, Lundin Mining, Pampa Norte, Minera Los Pelambres, Rio Tinto, South32, Sociedad Química y Minera and Teck Resources. Prior to the joining of Compañía de Acero del Pacífico (CAP) in 2017 the guild lacked any company engaged in the production of iron.

The organization was established in 1997.

Its former presidents include Francisco Costabal (2005–2010), Miguel Ángel Durán (2010–2011), Jean-Paul Luksić (2011–2017), Jorge Gómez (2017–2022) and Iván Arriagada (2022–).

South32
South32 Limited is a mining and metals company headquartered in Perth, Western Australia. It was spun out of BHP Billiton on 18 May 2015. It is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange with secondary listings on the Johannesburg and London Stock Exchanges.
Hattiesburg–Laurel combined statistical area
The Hattiesburg–Laurel combined statistical area is a combined statistical area (CSA) in southern Mississippi that covers six counties: Covington, Forrest, Jasper, Jones, Lamar, and Perry. The CSA consists of the Hattiesburg Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Laurel Micropolitan Statistical Area. The 2010 census placed the Hattiesburg-Laurel CSA population at 247,233, though as of 2019, it was estimated to have increased to 253,330.

Perry County, Mississippi
Perry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,511. The county seat is New Augusta. The county is named after the War of 1812 naval hero, Oliver Hazard Perry.

Perry County is part of the Hattiesburg, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Until 1906, the county seat was the old town of Augusta, near the center of the county on the east bank of the Leaf River. At Old Augusta, the outlaw James Copeland was executed by hanging on October 30, 1857.  Old Augusta remains a small village today. New Augusta, two miles south of Old Augusta, was made the county seat of Perry County, because it was situated on the Mobile, Jackson & Kansas City Railroad.
Carmarthen Journal
The Carmarthen Journal is a newspaper founded in 1810 in Wales and now based in Carmarthen, the county town of Carmarthenshire, Wales. The building housing the Carmarthen Journal asserts that the Carmarthen Journal is the oldest newspaper in Wales.

In 2012, Local World acquired ownership of Northcliffe Media from Daily Mail and General Trust.

Welsh Newspapers Online has digitised 1340 issues of the Carmarthen Journal (1810–1919) from the newspaper holdings of the National Library of Wales.

Carmarthen
Carmarthen (UK: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən, locally /kɑːrˈ-/ kar-; Welsh: Caerfyrddin [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn], 'Merlin's fort' or possibly 'Sea-town fort') is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy 8 miles (13 km) north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 14,636, and the built up area had a population of 16,455. It stands on the site of a Roman town, and has a claim to be the oldest town in Wales. In the middle ages it comprised twin settlements: Old Carmarthen around Carmarthen Priory and New Carmarthen around Carmarthen Castle. The two were merged into one borough in 1546. It was the most populous borough in Wales in the 16th–18th centuries, described by William Camden as "chief citie of the country". It was overtaken in size by the mid-19th century, following the growth of settlements in the South Wales Coalfield.