hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christopher Snowden
Sir Christopher Maxwell Snowden, FRS, , FIET (born 1956) is a British electronic engineer and academic. He was the former Vice-Chancellor of Surrey University (2005–2015), and of the University of Southampton (2015–2019). He was president of Universities UK for a two-year term until 31 July 2015. He is currently the chairman of the ERA Foundation.

ERA Technology
ERA Technology is a UK-based technology organisation with a history dating back to 1920.  ERA Technology provides specialist engineering consultancy to owners and operators of large-value capital assets and systems; helping clients to reduce risk, improve operational performance and comply with functional safety and regulatory requirements.
Cromwell Museum
The Cromwell Museum in Huntingdon, England, is a museum containing collections exploring the life of Oliver Cromwell and to a lesser extent his son Richard Cromwell. Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdon in 1599 and lived there for more than half his life. The museum is located in the former grammar school building in which Cromwell received his early education. Founded in 1962, the museum contains significant artefacts, paintings and printed material relating to The Protectorate. The museum is currently run as part of a trust dedicated to Oliver Cromwell's legacy and previously by the Cambridgeshire Libraries, Archives and Information Service, part of Cambridgeshire County Council.

The Protectorate
The Protectorate, officially the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, was the British republic that lasted from 16 December 1653 to 25 May 1659. The kingdoms of  England, Scotland, and Ireland, with their associated territories were joined together in the Commonwealth of England, governed by a Lord Protector, the head of state. It began when Barebone's Parliament was dissolved, and the Instrument of Government appointed Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. Cromwell died in September 1658 and was succeeded by his son Richard Cromwell.

Richard resigned in May 1659 due to his inability to control either the Army or Parliament. He was replaced by the English Committee of Safety, which dissolved the Third Protectorate Parliament, and reseated the Rump Parliament dismissed by his father in April 1653. This marked the end of the Protectorate, with the Rump acting as the legislature and the English Council of State as the executive.
Bombay Hills
The Bombay Hills are a range of hills to the south of Auckland, New Zealand. Though only a small and seemingly insignificant range of hills, they lie at the southern boundary of the Auckland region, and serve as a divide between Auckland and the Waikato region. There is a 19th-century settlement, Bombay, on the old main road south of Auckland, the Great South Road.

Aucklanders and other New Zealanders have a mostly light-hearted "love-hate" relationship. Stereotypically, Aucklanders view parts of the country "south of the Bombay Hills" as provincial and unsophisticated, while the rest of the country sees Aucklanders as brash and arrogant.  For this reason, the boundary between Auckland and its southern neighbours bears great significance. People on both sides of the boundary are as likely to use the phrase "New Zealand stops at the Bombay Hills". The term was adopted by the 1990s New Zealand reggae band Southside of Bombay.

Auckland Region
Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area.

On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council, replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government.
1964 Mohammed V Cup
The 1964 Mohamed V Cup Final was the 3rd. edition of the Mohammed V Cup, an annual football international competition hosted in Casablanca and named after King Mohammed V.

This edition, held in Stade d'Honneur in Meknes was contested by four teams, two from Europe, one from South America and one from the host country, all of them being the reigning champions of their respective leagues. Argentine side Boca Juniors was the winner after beating Saint-Étienne and Real Madrid in the final.

Meknes Honor Stadium
Honneur Stadium, officially Stade d'Honneur in French, is a multi-use stadium in Meknes, Morocco. It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the home games of COD Meknès. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000 people.

33°53′30″N 5°32′22″W﻿ / ﻿33.891534°N 5.539577°W﻿ / 33.891534; -5.539577
Illogan and Portreath (electoral division)
Illogan and Portreath is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. It was created at the 2021 local elections, being created from the former divisions of Illogan, and Mount Hawke and Portreath. The current councillor is David Crabtree, a member of the Conservative Party.

2021 Cornwall Council election
The 2021 Cornwall Council election took place on 6 May 2021 as part of the 2021 United Kingdom local elections. It was contested under new division boundaries as the number of seats on the council falls from 123 to 87. The election was won by the Conservative Party, who took an overall majority of seats.
Kyle Parker
Kyle James Parker (born September 30, 1989) is an American former professional baseball left fielder.  Parker was highly regarded during his prep career as both a baseball and football player and chose to attend Clemson University to play both sports. After redshirting during his freshman season, Parker spent the 2009 and 2010 seasons as the starting quarterback for the Clemson Tigers football team. He was also an integral part of the school's baseball team. Parker was drafted by the Colorado Rockies as the 26th overall pick in the 2010 MLB draft and made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with them in 2014.

Clemson Tigers baseball
The Clemson Tigers baseball team represents Clemson University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team participates in the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference.  The Tigers are currently coached by head coach Erik Bakich and play their home games in Doug Kingsmore Stadium. The program has reached the NCAA tournament in all but three seasons dating back to 1987. Clemson has made 12 appearances in the College World Series with an all-time record of 12–24 in Omaha.

The team has a heated in-state rivalry with the University of South Carolina. Mark Etheridge of SEBaseball.com has called it "college baseball's most heated rivalry," and Aaron Fitt of Baseball America has called it "far and away the most compelling rivalry college baseball has to offer." As of March 2, 2025, The Clemson Tigers lead the all-time series 191-145-2.
Émile Friol
Émile Louis Friol (9 March 1881 – 16 November 1916) was a French track cyclist. He won the sprint event in 1907 and the 1910 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and to a bronze medal in 1906. He also won the European sprint championships in 1907 and 1910 and the French national sprint championships five times: in 1904, 1906, 1907, 1910 and 1913. Other notable victories of his include the Grand Prix de Paris in 1905, 1907, 1909 and 1910, the Grand Prix de Reims in 1907 and 1910, the Grand Prix de l'UVF in 1908, 1910 and 1911 and the 1910 Grand Prix de Buffalo.

In 1916 Friol died during his service as a soldier in the First World War on the Western Front after being hit by a bomb while driving a motorcycle.

Grand Prix de l'UVF
The Grand Prix de l'UVF was a track cycling sprint race held annually from 1894 until 1945. During this time, it was the most important competition for track sprinters alongside the UCI Track Cycling World Championships and the Grand Prix de Paris.
Tuxen
Tuxen is a Danish and Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Vilde Tuxen (born 1998), Norwegian diver

Erik Tuxen (1902–1957), Danish conductor

Fanny Tuxen (1832–1906), Danish writer

Helle Tuxen (born 2001), Norwegian diver

Laurits Tuxen (1853–1927), Danish painter

Nicoline Tuxen (1847–1931), Danish painter

Saxil Tuxen (1885–1975), Australian town planner

Helle Tuxen
Helle Tuxen (born 4 September 2001) is a Norwegian diver. Together with her sister Anne Vilde Tuxen, she competes in the 3m synchronized diving event, and took silver in the FINA 2016 Diving Grand Prix in Madrid.
Capparis
Capparis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Capparaceae. It includes about 140 species of shrubs or lianas which are collectively known as caper shrubs or caperbushes. Capparis species occur over a wide range of habitat in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Eurasia, Australasia, and the Pacific.

The genus was included in the family Brassicaceae in the unrevised APG II system.

APG II system
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based,  system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system.
These Wicked Streets
These Wicked Streets is the second studio album by American rapper Skull Duggery. It was released on September 8, 1998 via No Limit/Penalty Recordings, making it the rapper's final record for the label. Production was handled by Beats By The Pound, with Master P serving as executive producer. It features guest appearances from Silkk the Shocker, C-Murder, Fiend, Master P, Mo B. Dick, Big Ed, Ghetto Commission, KLC, Mia X, Mr. Serv-On, Mystikal, O'Dell, Shad, Snoop Dogg and Soup Bone. The album peaked at number 21 on the Billboard 200, number 41 on the Heatseekers Albums and number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States.

KLC
Craig Stephen Lawson (born July 15, 1969), known professionally as KLC, is an American record producer, DJ and drummer. He found fame as a member of No Limit Records' in-house production team Beats by the Pound. Since leaving the label, he has been a member of the Medicine Men and has his own record label Overdose Entertainment aka Overdose Empire.
Fritz-Rudolf Schultz
Fritz-Rudolf Schultz (19 February 1917 – 2 March 2002) was a German politician and member of the FDP. During World War II, Schultz served in the Wehrmacht as an officer and regimental commander. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

After the war Schultz initially worked on his parents vineyard in Gau-Bischofsheim. He became a member of the German Bundestag and was elected Ombudsman for the Military (Wehrbeauftragter) on 11 March 1970. He held this office until 19 March 1975.

Gau-Bischofsheim
Gau-Bischofsheim German pronunciation: [ɡaʊ ˈbɪʃɔfsˌhaɪm] is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
León Ávalos y Vez
León Ávalos y Vez (24 January 1906 – 1991) was a Mexican mechanical engineer who served as the founding director-general of the Monterrey Institute of Technology (ITESM, 1943–1946) and as director-general of the National School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering of the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN, 1943).

Ávalos y Vez was born in Atlixco, Puebla, on 24 January 1906 into a family composed by Ignacio Ávalos and Amalia Vez. He received a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from the National Polytechnic Institute and a master's degree in the same discipline from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1929).

Atlixco
Atlixco (Nahuatl pronunciation: [aːˈt͡ɬiːʃko] ⓘ) is a city in the Mexican state of Puebla. It is a regional industrial and commercial center but economically it is much better known for its production of ornamental plants and cut flowers. The city was founded early in the colonial period, originally under the jurisdiction of Huejotzingo, but eventually separated to become an independent municipality. The municipality has a number of notable cultural events, the most important of which is the El Huey Atlixcayotl, a modern adaptation of an old indigenous celebration. This event brings anywhere from 800 to 1,500 participants from all over the state of Puebla to create music, dance, and other cultural and artistic performances. Atlixco joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2018.
Rough with the Smooth
"Rough with the Smooth" is a song by British singer-songwriter Shara Nelson, released in September 1995 by Cooltempo Records as the first single from her second solo album, Friendly Fire (1995). The song was written by Nelson with Ashley Beedle and Marc Woolford, and produced by Michael Peden. It peaked at number 30 on the UK Singles Chart and number 21 on the European Dance Radio Chart.

Cooltempo Records
Cooltempo, the dance music imprint of Chrysalis Records, was revived in May 2018. The label released albums by artists such as Kenny Thomas, Milli Vanilli, Adeva, Shara Nelson, Mica Paris and Innocence.
Arlene Violet
Arlene Violet (born 1943) is an American politician. She was a religious sister in the Sisters of Mercy and Attorney General of Rhode Island 1985–1987. She was the first female Attorney General elected in the United States.

Religious sister
A religious sister (abbreviated: Sr.) is a Christian woman who has taken public vows in a religious order dedicated to apostolic works. Though often referred to as nuns, they are canonically distinct. Nuns, religious sisters and canonesses all use the term "Sister" as a form of address. Religious sisters are found in various traditions of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. In the Catholic Church, religious sisters are associated with a religious institute.
Empress Yan
Empress Yan is the name of:

Empress Yan Ji (died 126), Han dynasty empress

Empress Yan (Li Qi's wife) (fl. 334), Cheng-Han empress, married to Li Qi

Empress Yan (Li Shou's wife) (fl. 338–343), Cheng-Han empress, married to Li Shou

Empress Yan (Li Shou's wife)
Empress Yan (Chinese: 閻皇后; personal name unknown) was an empress of the Di-led Cheng-Han dynasty of China. Her husband was Li Shou (Emperor Zhaowen). When Li Shou, after a coup, took over the throne from his cousin and the founding emperor Li Xiong (Emperor Wu)'s son Li Qi, he created her empress in 338. They had at least one son—the crown prince Li Shi, who succeeded Li Shou after Li Shou's death in 343. Li Shi honored her as empress dowager. Nothing else is recorded about her, and it is not known whether she survived to the destruction of the empire by Eastern Jin forces in 347.
Lungba Ahanba
Lungba Ahanba (Old Manipuri: ꯂꯨꯡꯕ ꯑꯍꯟꯄ, romanised: Lungpa Ahanpa), also known as Nongdamlen Ahanba, was a king of the Khuman dynasty who ruled from approximately 300 CE to 350 CE.

He was a contemporary of Taothingmang, a king of the Ningthouja dynasty, who ruled from 264 CE to 364 CE.

Ningthouja dynasty
The Ningthouja dynasty, also known as Mangang dynasty, comprises the descendants of the kings of Manipur. Ningthouja literally means progeny of King (Ningthou means king and cha or macha means progeny in which ja is a corrupted word of cha). It has 125 extended families. It was founded by King Nongdā Lāiren Pākhangba in 33 CE.
Polyakov formula
In differential geometry and mathematical physics (especially string theory), the Polyakov formula expresses the conformal variation of the zeta functional determinant of a Riemannian manifold. Proposed by Alexander Markovich Polyakov this formula arose in the study of the quantum theory of strings. The corresponding density is local, and therefore is a Riemannian curvature invariant. In particular, whereas the functional determinant itself is prohibitively difficult to work with in general, its conformal variation can be written down explicitly.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Luise Jaide
Luise Jaide (also Louise Jaide-Schlosser) (26 March 1842 – 2 January 1914) was a German operatic mezzo-soprano who had an active career during the latter half of the 19th century. Among her signature roles were Amneris in Aida, Azucena in Il trovatore, Frau Reich in The Merry Wives of Windsor, Idamante in Idomeneo, Irmentraud in Der Waffenschmied, and Mary in The Flying Dutchman. She is best remembered today for playing several roles in the first complete presentation of Richard Wagner's The Ring Cycle at the very first Bayreuth Festival in 1876.

Der Waffenschmied
Der Waffenschmied (The Armourer) is an opera (Singspiel) in three acts by Albert Lortzing. The German-language libretto was by the composer after Friedrich Wilhelm Ziegler's Liebhaber und Nebenbuhler in einer Person (Lover and Rival in One Person). This is often considered his third most popular work. His works are considered to be part of the Biedermeier period. It premiered in Vienna at the Theater an der Wien on 31 May 1846 conducted by Lortzing. The role of Marie was written with Jenny Lind in mind who he hoped would sing the part. The opera was eventually successful enough that Lortzing was offered the post of Kapellmeister at the theatre which he held until the revolution of 1848, when he had to return to Leipzig. Arnold Schoenberg, arranged Lortzing's "Waffenschmied“ for piano for 4 hands. The story is set in the city of Worms in the 16th century.
Jarāmaraṇa
Jarāmaraṇa is Sanskrit and Pāli for "old age" (jarā) and "death" (maraṇa).  In Buddhism, jaramarana is associated with the inevitable decay and death-related suffering of all beings prior to their rebirth within saṃsāra (cyclic existence).

Jarā and maraṇa are identified as the twelfth link within the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination.

Aṅguttara Nikāya
The Aṅguttara Nikāya (aṅguttaranikāya; lit. 'Increased-by-One Collection', also translated "Gradual Collection" or "Numerical Discourses") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the fourth of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that comprise the Pāli Tipiṭaka of Theravāda Buddhism. This nikāya consists of several thousand discourses ascribed to the Buddha and his chief disciples arranged in eleven "books", according to the number of Dhamma items referenced in them.
Mount Savage Iron Works
The Mount Savage Iron Works operated from 1837 to 1868 in Mount Savage, Maryland. The ironworks were the largest in the United States in the late 1840s, and the first in the nation to produce iron rails for the construction of railroads. Before that time all iron rails were imported from England. The works were established in an area adjacent to mines for coal, iron ore and fire clay. Facilities included blast furnaces, puddling furnaces, a rolling mill, iron refineries, coke production and brick production.

Coke (fuel)
Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content. It is made by heating coal or petroleum in the absence of air. Coke is an important industrial product, used mainly in the smelting of iron ore, but also as a fuel in stoves and forges.

The unqualified term "coke" usually refers to the product derived from low-ash and low-sulphur bituminous coal by a process called coking. A similar product called petroleum coke, or pet coke, is obtained from crude petroleum in petroleum refineries. Coke may also be formed naturally by geologic processes. It is the residue of a destructive distillation process.
Abdul Latif Ayoubi
Abdul Latif Ayoubi (born 3 January 1980) is an Afghan cricketer and the owner of the Kabul Eagles franchise cricket team. His bowling is described as medium-fast. He made his on-field debut as a player at the age of 40.

He made his Twenty20 debut on 13 September 2020, for the Kabul Eagles against the Speen Ghar Tigers, in the 2020 Shpageeza Cricket League. In the match he did not bat, and bowled just one over, conceding 16 runs. The Kabul Eagles went on to win the match by six wickets. Despite playing in the match, he was not a member of the squad, which drew scrutiny from the Afghanistan Cricket Board (ACB). After the match, Ayoubi was involved in a verbal altercation with a commentator. As a result, he was banned from the rest of the tournament, after breaching the ACB's disciplinary code. He was also handed a 30,000 AFN fine. Some have also suggested that Ayoubi is related to Rahmanullah Gurbaz, the team captain of the Kabul Eagles.

Afghan afghani
The afghani (sign: ؋ or Af (plural: Afs) code: AFN; Pashto: افغانۍ [ʔɐvɣɑˈnəɪ]; Dari: افغانی [ʔɐvɣɑːˈniː]) is the official currency of Afghanistan, a status it has held since the 1920s. It is nominally subdivided into 100 puls (پول), although there are no pul coins in circulation as of 2026. Printed in Poland, the afghani currency is managed solely by the Central Bank of Afghanistan.

The afghani was introduced in 1923 but is still informally referred to as a rupee by some in conversation and transactions, a legacy of its predecessing Afghan rupee currency. Its current exchange rate is around 65 afghanis for 1 United States dollar.
RuPaul's Drag Race UK series 3
The third series of RuPaul's Drag Race UK began airing on 23 September 2021.

The cast of the third series was officially announced on 18 August 2021 on social media. The series saw the return of Veronica Green, who was forced to withdraw from the second series of the show after testing positive for COVID-19, and received an open invitation for the third series. The series also welcomed Victoria Scone, the franchise's first ever cisgender female contestant since its beginning in 2009.

The winner of the third series of RuPaul's Drag Race UK was Krystal Versace, being the youngest person to ever win a season of the franchise, with Ella Vaday and Kitty Scott-Claus as the runners-up.

Cisgender
The word cisgender (often shortened to cis; sometimes cissexual) describes a person whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth, i.e., someone who is not transgender. The prefix cis- is Latin and means on this side of. The term cisgender was coined in 1994 as an antonym to transgender, and entered into dictionaries starting in 2015 as a result of changes in social discourse about gender.

Related concepts are cisnormativity (the presumption that cisgender identity is preferred or normal) and cissexism (bias or prejudice favoring cisgender people).