hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nemyriv, Lviv Oblast
Nemyriv (Ukrainian: Немирів, once called in Polish: Niemirów) is a rural settlement and a health resort 21 kilometres from Rava-Ruska in Yavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. Before the Polish September Campaign, until September 17, 1939, it was in Lwów Voivodeship (Poland). Nemyriv belongs to Yavoriv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,953 (2022 estimate). Local government is administered by Nemyriv Settlement Council.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Günther Csar
Günther Csar (born 7 March 1966, in Zell am Ziller) is a former Austrian nordic combined skier who competed during the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won a bronze medal in the 3 x 10 km team event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and also won a gold medal in the 3 x 10 km team event at the 1991 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme.

Fiemme Valley
Fiemme Valley (Italian: Val di Fiemme, German: Fleimstal) is a valley in the Trentino province, i.e. the southern half of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, in northern Italy, located in the Dolomites mountain region.
VV Berkum
Voetbalvereniging Berkum is a football club from Zwolle, Netherlands. Berkum is currently competing in the Saturday Vierde Divisie B league. The club plays home games at the De Vegtlust ground. Berkum has played in the Round of 32 of the KNVB Cup, most recently in 2015–16.

Zwolle
Zwolle (Dutch: [ˈzʋɔlə] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Overijssel and the province's second-largest municipality, after Enschede, and has a population of 132,441 as of December 2023. Zwolle borders the province of Gelderland and lies on the eastern side of the River IJssel.
Elke Hoff
Elke Hoff (born 20 June 1957) is a German politician. She was a Free Democratic Party member of the Bundestag.

After taking the Abitur in 1976, Hoff studied German, philosophy and political science at the University of Frankfurt for six semesters. She subsequently trained as a real estate management clerk in 1982. From 1985 to 1991, she worked as a public relations officer for industry federations in the construction and healthcare sectors. She served as a full-time district councillor in Neuwied from 1992 to 2000, and she was responsible for a range of economic and construction portfolios. She left that position to become the head of regional planning in Koblenz.

Koblenz (region)
Koblenz was one of the - at last - three Regierungsbezirke of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located in the north-east of the state.

The region was created in 1815 as part of the Prussian Rhineland, becoming part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946. In 1968 the neighbouring Montabaur Region was dissolved and its territory annexed to Koblenz Region.

Since 2000, the employees and assets of the Bezirksregierungen form the Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion Trier (Supervisory and Service Directorate Trier) and the Struktur- und Genehmigungsdirektionen (Structural and Approval Directorates) Nord in Koblenz and Süd in Neustadt (Weinstraße). These administrations execute their authority over the whole state, i. e. the ADD Trier oversees all schools.

50°22′N 7°36′E﻿ / ﻿50.367°N 7.600°E﻿ / 50.367; 7.600
Lê Kính Tông
Lê Kính Tông (chữ Hán: 黎敬宗, 1588 – 23 June 1619), also known as Lê Duy Tân (黎維新) was the 16th emperor of the Vietnamese Later Lê dynasty reigning from 1599 to 1619. He served as a figurehead monarch while Lord Trịnh Tùng held full authority over the government and the army. In 1619, Kính Tông conspired with Trịnh Xuân to remove Trịnh Tùng from power. The plot failed and the emperor was killed.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
Legislative Yuan constituencies in Tainan City
Tainan City legislative districts (Chinese: 臺南市選舉區) consist of 6 single-member constituencies, each represented by a member of the Legislative Yuan. From the 2020 election onwards, the number of Tainan's seats was increased from 5 to 6.

Jiangjun District
23°12′34.9″N 120°7′35.8″E﻿ / ﻿23.209694°N 120.126611°E﻿ / 23.209694; 120.126611

Jiangjun District (Chinese: 將軍區; Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāngjūn Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Jiangjyun Cyu; Wade–Giles: Chiang1-chün1 Ch'ü1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiong-kun-khu) is a rural district of about 18,745 residents in Tainan, Taiwan. Its Chinese name translates to "general officer".
Dragonseye
Red Star Rising or Dragonseye is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey. It is the fourteenth book in the Dragonriders of Pern series by Anne or her son Todd McCaffrey.

Red Star Rising, or Red Star Rising: Second Chronicles of Pern, was published by Bantam UK in 1996. For release in the United States the following year it was retitled Dragonseye.

Anne McCaffrey
Anne Inez McCaffrey (1 April 1926 – 21 November 2011) was an American writer known for the Dragonriders of Pern science fiction series. She was the first woman to win a Hugo Award for fiction (Best Novella, Weyr Search, 1968) and the first to win a Nebula Award (Best Novella, Dragonrider, 1969). Her 1978 novel The White Dragon became one of the first science-fiction books to appear on the New York Times Best Seller list.

In 2005 the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named McCaffrey its 22nd Grand Master, an annual award to living writers of fantasy and science fiction. She was inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame on 17 June 2006. She also received the Robert A. Heinlein Award for her work in 2007.
Spain–Venezuela relations
The Kingdom of Spain and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela maintain bilateral relations. They also interact through multinational venues, as both nations are members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies and the Organization of Ibero-American States.

Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
The Association of Academies of the Spanish Language (Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española; ASALE) is an entity whose end is to work for the unity, integrity, and growth of the Spanish language. It was created in Mexico in 1951 and represents the union of all the separate academies in the Spanish-speaking world. The association publishes reference works on the Spanish language and commemorative editions of Hispanic literature, among other publications.
Dou Tai
Dou Tai (500 – 12 February 537), courtesy name Ningshi, was a military general of the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. He initially served under Erzhu Rong before joining the military staff of Gao Huan, whose wife Lou Zhaojun was his sister-in-law. During the campaign against the Erzhu clan, Dou Tai played a crucial role in the Battle of Guang'a and later destroyed Erzhu Zhao's forces at Chihong Ridge (赤洪嶺; in present-day Lishi District, Shanxi). However, he was better known for the Battle of Xiaoguan, in which he was forced to commit suicide after his army was destroyed by Yuwen Tai, dealing the Eastern Wei their first major defeat to the rival Western Wei.

Book of Northern Qi
The Book of Northern Qi (Chinese: 北齊書; pinyin: Běi Qí Shū), is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the Northern Qi Dynasty.  It was written by the Tang dynasty historian Li Baiyao (李百藥) and was completed in 636.  It is listed among the official Twenty-Four Histories of China. The original book contained 50 chapters but it was found during the Song dynasty that only 17 chapters were intact. The rest are lost.
Nelly Ognyanova
Nelly Ognyanova (Bulgarian: Нели Огнянова) (born 1956) is a prominent Bulgarian media law expert, member of the Bulgarian electronic media and telecommunications regulators between 1998 and 2001. In the academic sphere, Ognyanova is Doctor in Law, Doctor Habilitatus in Political Science, Professor at Sofia University. She was head of the European Studies chair at Sofia University from its creation in 1999 till 2007.

Ognyanova founded the Bulgarian Institute for Legal Development in 1996 and headed the working group that drafted Bulgaria's National Information Society Development Strategy, adopted in 1999.

Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb docēre [dɔˈkeːrɛ] 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris.

Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world. Contracted "Dr" or "Dr.", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a doctorate (commonly a PhD). In past usage, the term could be applied to any learned person.  In many parts of the world today it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether they hold a doctoral-level degree.
Western Mail (Wales)
The Western Mail is a daily newspaper published by Media Wales Ltd in Cardiff, Wales owned by the UK's largest newspaper company, Reach plc. The Sunday edition of the newspaper is published under the title Wales on Sunday.

It describes itself as "the national newspaper of Wales" (originally "the national newspaper of Wales and Monmouthshire"), although it has a very limited circulation in north Wales. The paper was published in broadsheet format until 2004, when it became a compact. It has an average circulation of 6,119 in 2022.

Compact (newspaper)
A compact newspaper is a broadsheet-quality newspaper printed in a tabloid format, especially one in the United Kingdom. The term as used for this size came into use after The Independent began producing a smaller format edition in 2003 for London's commuters, designed to be easier to read when using mass transit.

Readers from other parts of the country liked the new format, and The Independent introduced it nationally. The Times and The Scotsman copied the format as The Independent increased in sales. The Times and The Scotsman are now printed exclusively in compact format following trial periods during which both broadsheet and compact version were produced simultaneously. The Independent published its last paper edition on 20 March 2016 and now appears online only.
Novaya Chara
Novaya Chara (Russian: Новая Чара) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kalarsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located in the basin of the Chara River, in the eastern parts of Stanovoy Range, approximately 600 kilometers (370 mi) in a straight line northeast of the krai's administrative center of Chita, and 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from the district's administrative center of Chara. Population:  4,315 (2010 Census); 4,693 (2002 Census); 8,787 (1989 Soviet census).

Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai
Chita (Russian: Чита, IPA: [tɕɪˈta]) is a city and the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trans-Siberian Railway route, roughly 1,100 kilometers (680 mi) east of Irkutsk and roughly 2,100 kilometers (1,300 mi) west of Khabarovsk. As of the 2021 census, the population is 334,427.
Gaudapada
Gauḍapāda (Sanskrit: गौडपाद; fl.c. 6th century CE), also referred as Gauḍapādācārya (Sanskrit: गौडपादाचार्य; "Gauḍapāda the Teacher"), was an early medieval era Hindu philosopher and scholar of the Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. While details of his biography are uncertain, his ideas inspired others such as Adi Shankara who called him a Paramaguru (highest teacher).

Gaudapada was the author or compiler of the Māṇḍūkya Kārikā, also known as Gaudapada Karika. The text consists of four chapters (also called four books), of which Chapter Four uses Buddhist terminology thereby showing it was influenced by Buddhism. However, doctrinally Gaudapada's work is Vedantic, and not Buddhist. The first three chapters of Gaudapada's text have been influential in the Advaita Vedanta tradition. Parts of the first chapter that include the Mandukya Upanishad have been considered a valid scriptural source by the Dvaita and Vishistadvaita schools of Vedanta.

Duḥkha
Duḥkha (/ˈduːkə/; Sanskrit: दुःख, Pali: dukkha) "suffering", "pain", "unease", or "unsatisfactoriness", is an important concept in Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism. Its meaning is context-dependent: it may refer more specifically to the "unsatisfactoriness" or "unease" of craving for and grasping after transient 'things' (i.e. sensory objects, including thoughts), or expecting pleasure from them while ignorant of this transientness. In Buddhism, dukkha is part of the first of the Four Noble Truths and one of the three marks of existence. The term also appears in scriptures of Hinduism, such as the Upanishads, in discussions of moksha (spiritual liberation).

While the term dukkha has often been derived from the prefix du- ("bad" or "difficult") and the root kha ("empty", "hole"), meaning a badly fitting axle-hole of a cart or chariot giving "a very bumpy ride", it may actually be derived from duḥ-stha, a "dis-/ bad- + stand-", that is, "standing badly, unsteady", "unstable".
18 Station Road, Barnes
18 Station Road, also known as Milbourne House, is a Grade II* listed house at Station Road, Barnes, London SW13, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It has an early 18th-century facade, and earlier features internally.

It was home to the novelist Henry Fielding in about 1750, for which there is a blue plaque on the facade. Field Marshal James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley moved there in 1770.

Henry Fielding
Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English writer and judge known for the use of humour and satire in his works. His famous novels include Shamela (1741), Joseph Andrews (1742), The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749) and Amelia (1751). Along with Samuel Richardson, Fielding is seen as the founder of the traditional English novel. As well as being a novelist, Fielding was also a playwright, known for his satirical comedies The Author's Farce (1730), Tom Thumb (1730), The Letter Writers (1731) and The Tragedy of Tragedies (1731). He also played an important role in the history of law enforcement in the United Kingdom, using his authority as a magistrate to found the Bow Street Runners, London's first professional police force.
Weynay Ghebresilasie
Weynay Ghebresilasie (born 24 March 1994 in Gheza Hamle) is an Eritrean born runner, competing for Great Britain as of February 2021, who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase. He competed at and was the flagbearer for Eritrea at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

3000 metres steeplechase
The 3000 metres steeplechase or 3000-meter steeplechase (usually abbreviated as 3000mSC) is the most common distance for the steeplechase in track and field. It is an obstacle race over the distance of the 3000 metres, which derives its name from the horse racing steeplechase.
Donald Douglas Shaw
Donald Douglas Shaw (June 25, 1834 – December 29, 1859) was an American politician.

He was born on June 25, 1834, in Hamden, Delaware County, New York, the son of Donald Shaw.

He graduated from Yale University in 1856.  He studied law in Albany, New York and in Delhi, New York.

In November 1859, he was elected a member of the New York State Assembly, but died on December 29, 1859, in Hamden, before the commencement of the session.

Delhi, New York
Delhi (/ˈdɛl.haɪ/ DEL-hy) is a town in Delaware County, New York, United States. The population was 4,795 at the 2020 census. The town is in the east-central part of the county and contains the village of Delhi. The State University of New York at Delhi is located in the town.

The town was named after Delhi, India, in honor of founder Ebenezer Foote, who was known as "The Great Mogul". The pronunciation is attributed to Foote's rival Erastus Root, who reportedly exclaimed upon learning of the town's name, "Delhi, Hell-high! Might as well call it Foote-high." An alternate explanation of its pronunciation and namesake is due to its location, high on the Delaware River.

The town is the setting of the 1959 novel My Side of the Mountain by Jean Craighead George.
Kishoreganj Union
Kishoreganj Union (Bengali: কিশোরগঞ্জ ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Kishoreganj Upazila,  in Nilphamari District, Rangpur Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 22.99 square kilometres (8.88 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 36,998. There are 9 villages and 5 mouzas in the union.

Nilphamari District
Nilphamari District (Bengali: নীলফামারী জেলা) is a district in Northern Bangladesh. It is a part of Rangpur Division. It is about 350 kilometers to the northwest of the capital Dhaka. It has an area of 1,580.85 square kilometres (610.37 sq mi). Nilphamari is bounded by Rangpur and Lalmonirhat in east, Rangpur and Dinajpur in south, Dinajpur and Panchagarh in west, Cooch Behar of India in north. The headquarters of the district is in Nilphamari city, which is widely regarded as the industrial city of Northern Bangladesh. Saidpur which is major business center of the district also serves as connecting hub of Rangpur.
V. S. Pritchett
Sir Victor Sawdon Pritchett CH CBE FRSL (also known as VSP; 16 December 1900 – 20 March 1997) was a British writer and literary critic.

Pritchett was known particularly for his short stories, collated in a number of volumes. Among his most noteworthy works of short fiction are "The Sailor", "The Saint", and "The Camberwell Beauty".

His non-fiction works include the memoirs A Cab at the Door (1968) and Midnight Oil (1971), and many collections of essays on literary biography and criticism.

PEN International
PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centres in more than 100 countries.

Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned, and sometimes killed for their views.
Aksakovo, Belebeyevsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Aksakovo (Russian: Акса́ково) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Aksakovsky Selsoviet, Belebeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 3,131 as of 2010. There are 39 streets.

Belebeyevsky District
Belebeyevsky District (Russian: Белебе́евский райо́н, romanized: Belebeyevskiy rayon; Bashkir and Tatar: Бәләбәй районы, Bäläbäy rayonı; Chuvash: Пелепей районĕ, Pelepey rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky and Buzdyaksky Districts in the north, Davlekanovsky District in the east, Alsheyevsky District in the southeast, Bizhbulyaksky District in the south, and with Yermekeyevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,911.2 square kilometers (737.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Belebey (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2021 Russian census, Belebeyevsky District has a population of 96,731.
Usnea moreliana
Usnea moreliana is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has an erect, shrubby growth form reaching about 10 cm (4 in) long and often has an overall reddish tinge due to pigment in the outer layer. The species bears minute soralia (powdery patches that release soredia) and has a chemistry dominated by unidentified triterpenoids, along with usnic acid. It occurs from Mexico through the tropical Andes to Brazil and Argentina, growing mainly on tree bark in open montane habitats.

Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
Aryktakh
Aryktakh (Russian: Арыктах; Yakut: Арыктаах, Arıktaax) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aryktakhsky Rural Okrug of Kobyaysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 215 kilometers (134 mi) from Sangar, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 286; up from 275 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Juan Bautista Comes
Juan Bautista Comes (ca. 1582 – 5 January 1643), aka per Valencian spelling Joan Baptista Comes, was a Spanish Baroque composer who was born and died in Valencia.

It is known that before 1613 he held posts as Maestro de Capilla in Lleida at its cathedral and in Valencia at the Colegio del Patriarca. Also in Valencia, at its cathedral, from 1613 to 1619, he held a post as Maestro de Capilla. From 1619 to 1629 he was Second Maestro in Madrid at the Habsburg court, during the period when Felipe III and Felipe IV governed. Nevertheless, he returned to his old post at Valencia Cathedral in 1632,  which he held until his death.

He studied under Juan Ginés Pérez.

In the field of composition he is best known for his villancicos such as Terremoto, que ruido and for his Christian sacred polychoral works. His villancicos make use of Spanish, Portuguese and Galician texts.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.