hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention) Act, 2013
The Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention) Act, 2013 (Bengali: নির্যাতন এবং হেফাজতে মৃত্যু (নিবারণ) আইন, ২০১৩) is an Act passed by the Jatiya Sangsad in 2013 to prohibit custodial torture in Bangladesh.

The Act stipulates that the Police, Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), Customs, Immigration Department, Criminal Investigation Department (CID), intelligence agencies, Ansar & VDP, Coast Guard, and other public officials are prohibited from extracting confessional statements through torture. The law states any custodian torturing a detainee would be liable of committing offences under the law. It states any person attempting to commit, aiding and abetting to commit, or conspiring to commit an offence must be considered an offender. The law stipulates for any death in custody, the custodian would be awarded with rigorous life imprisonment or a fine of ৳100,000. They must also compensate family members of the affected with ৳200,000.

Department of Immigration & Passports
The Department of Immigration & Passports of the Ministry of Home Affairs is the government organisation responsible for passports, immigration and migration in general in Bangladesh. It is located in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The headquarters is located in Agargaon Passport office in Dhaka City. Major General Md. Nurul Anwar is the incumbent Director General (DG) of the Department of Immigration and Passports.
Martin Bundi
Martin Bundi (19 October 1932 – 1 January 2020) was a Swiss historian and politician. He was a member of the Swiss National Council from 1975 to 1995 and was the chamber’s President in 1985 and 1986. He was a native of the Canton of Grisons and a longtime member of the Social Democratic Party.

Prior to his political career, he was a teacher who conducted research of the history of Grisons and the Rhaetian Alps. He was also active in the preservation of the Rhaeto-Romance language.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Ocean, Maryland
Ocean is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 32.

Ocean is located in the Georges Creek Valley of western Allegany County, along Maryland Route 936. Frostburg is 4 miles (6 km) to the north, and Lonaconing is 4 miles (6 km) to the southwest.

Maryland Route 936
Maryland Route 936 (MD 936) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  Known for most of its length as Upper Georges Creek Road, the state highway runs 5.04 miles (8.11 km) from Church Street in Midland north to U.S. Route 40 Alternate (US 40 Alternate) and MD 36 in Frostburg.  MD 936 is the old alignment of MD 36 between Midland and Frostburg in the upper Georges Creek Valley of western Allegany County.  The state highway was designated when MD 36 moved to a new alignment between the two communities in the early 1970s.
Narada Bhakti Sutra
The Narada Bhakti Sutra (IAST: Nārada Bhakti Sūtra) is a well known sutra venerated within the traditions of Hinduism,  reportedly spoken by the famous sage, Narada. The text details the process of devotion (Bhakti), or Bhakti yoga and is thus of particular importance to many of the Bhakti movements within Hinduism.  It has received particular attention among the Vaishnava and Vedanta traditions. Sri Ramakrishna, the mystic-saint, hails this work as, "The best path to union with God is to follow the way of divine love as taught by Narada."

Sanskrit scriptures often appear in variant editions which may show differences in organization and verse numbering. For example, in the translation by Swami Prabhavananda there are eighty-four verses arranged in nine chapters, whereas in the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust translation by A.C Bhakti Vedanta Swami Prabhupada and his disciple Satsvarupa dasa the eighty-four verses are organized into five chapters.

Vyasa
Vyasa (/ˈvjɑːsə/; Sanskrit: व्यास, lit. 'compiler, arranger', IAST: Vyāsa) is a rishi (sage) with a prominent role in most Hindu traditions. He is also known as Veda Vyasa (Sanskrit: वेदव्यास, lit. 'the one who classified the Vedas', IAST: Vedavyāsa) or Krishna Dvaipayana (Sanskrit: कृष्णद्वैपायन, IAST: Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana). Traditionally regarded as the author of the epic Mahābhārata, Vyasa also plays a prominent role as a character. He is also regarded by the Hindu traditions to be the compiler of the mantras of the Vedas into four texts, as well as the author of the eighteen Purāṇas and the Brahma Sutras.

Vyasa is regarded by many Hindus as a partial incarnation (Sanskrit: अंशावतार, IAST: Aṃśāvatāra) of Vishnu. He is one of the immortals called the Chiranjivis, held by adherents to still be alive in the current age known as the Kali Yuga.
Craig Hall (rugby league, born 1988)
Craig David Hall (born 21 February 1988) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a back for Doncaster RLFC in the Championship.

He played for Hull F.C. in the Super League, and on loan from Hull F.C. at the Widnes Vikings in the Championship.

He then played for Hull Kingston Rovers and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League, before moving to the play for the Toronto Wolfpack in Kingstone Press League 1.

He moved to the Leigh Centurions in the Championship, before moving from Leigh to Hull KR on loan ahead of a permanent return to Craven Park.

Hall agreed to play for Featherstone Rovers in the Championship, on loan from Hull Kingston Rovers, before making the deal permanent.

Craven Park, Hull
Craven Park (currently known as the Sewell Group Craven Park Stadium for sponsorship reasons) is a rugby league stadium located in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is the home of Hull Kingston Rovers, one of two professional rugby league teams based in the city.
2010 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 2010. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

TV5 (Philippine TV network)
TV5 is a Philippine free-to-air commercial broadcast television and radio network based in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, with additional studios and transmitter facilities in Novaliches, Quezon City, serving as the flagship property of TV5 Network Inc., which owns and operates the network, is a subsidiary of MediaQuest Holdings, which is controlled by telecommunications company PLDT, Inc.

TV5's main television station, DWET-TV, broadcasts on VHF Channel 5 for analogue broadcasting, UHF Channel 18 for digital, and UHF Channel 51 for digital test transmission. The latter is licensed to its sister company, Mediascape/Cignal TV. The network owns and operates seven TV stations and has 14 selected affiliate stations across the Philippines.

TV5's programming is available throughout the Philippines, and its content can be accessed internationally via satellite through Kapatid Channel International, AksyonTV International, and PBA Rush.
Elladio
Elladio or Eladio is an Italian given name, also known in its feminine variants of Elladia or Eladia. It also appears in Latin as Helladius, in Polish as Heladiusz or Eladiusz and in Spanish as Eladio. These all derive from Ἑλλάδιος Helladios, an ethnonymic name in Greek attested since late antiquity and meaning 'one from Hellas' (i.e. from Greece; MASC). This is similar to the name "Greca" (see names of Greece and names of the Greeks).

Ethnonym
An ethnonym (from Ancient Greek  ἔθνος (éthnos) 'nation' and  ὄνομα (ónoma) 'name') is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used by the ethnic group itself).

For example, the dominant ethnic group of Germany is the Germans. The ethnonym Germans is a Latin-derived exonym used in the English language, but the Germans call themselves Deutsche, an endonym. The German people are identified by a variety of exonyms across Europe, such as Allemands (French), tedeschi (Italian), tyskar (Swedish), and Niemcy (Polish).

As a sub-field of anthroponymy, the study of ethnonyms is called ethnonymy or ethnonymics.

Ethnonyms should not be confused with demonyms, which designate all the people of a geographic territory, regardless of ethnic or linguistic divisions within its population.
Scopula beckeraria
Scopula beckeraria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Julius Lederer in 1853. It is found in Italy, Croatia, North Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Armenia, Israel, Lebanon, Iran, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.

Julius Lederer
Julius Lederer (24 June 1821 in Vienna – 30 April 1870 in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.
He travelled widely: to Andalusia in 1849 Carinthia with Johann von Hornig (1819–1886) in 1853. He then traveled to various places in the Ottoman Empire such as İzmir in 1864, Magnesia in 1865, Amasya and in 1866, Mersin and the Taurus Mountains in 1867, Lebanon in 1868 and the Balkans in 1870).
2017 Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil
The 2017 Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Guayaquil, Ecuador between October 30 and November 4, 2017.

Hugo Dellien
Hugo Dellien Velasco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈuɣo ðeˈljen]; born 16 June 1993) is a Bolivian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 64, achieved on 1 August 2022, becoming the highest-ranked Bolivian since Mario Martínez (No. 60) in November 1983. He is the current No. 1 Bolivian tennis player. He also has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of No. 185 achieved on 2 February 2015. In juniors, Dellien had a career-high combined ranking of No. 2 in March 2011.
Mynydd Merthyr
Mynydd Merthyr is a broad ridge of high ground between Taff Vale (Welsh Cwm Taf) and the Cwm Cynon in the Valleys region of South Wales. It forms the boundary between the unitary authorities of Rhondda Cynon Taff to the west and Merthyr Tydfil to the east.

The high point of 493m is at Mynydd Gethin (OS grid reference SO 044025) (though the summit trig point is at the lower height of 491m) is the culmination of a long ridge which extends northwestwards from the confluence of the Afon Cynon and the River Taff at Abercynon. The ridge includes the subsidiary summits of Twyn Brynbychan and Twyn Sych. To the northwest lies Mynydd Aberdâr.

Much of the hill has been planted with coniferous forest. Its flanks are heavily scarred by mining. The village of Aberfan sits at the foot of its eastern slopes, the scene of the Aberfan disaster on 21 October 1966 when a coal tip above the village slipped and engulfed the village school killing 144 people of whom 116 were children.

Cynon Valley
Cynon Valley (Welsh: Cwm Cynon) is a former coal mining valley in Wales. It lies between Rhondda and the Merthyr Valley and takes its name from the River Cynon. Aberdare is located in the north of the valley and Mountain Ash in the south. From 1974 to 1996, Cynon Valley was a local government district.

At the 2001 census, the Cynon Valley had a population of 63,512, 12.1% of whom were Welsh speakers. In common with some of the other South Wales Valleys, Cynon Valley had a high percentage of Welsh speakers until the early 20th century.
Khri ma lod
Khri ma lod (or Thrimalö) was a queen consort and twice regent of Tibet. She was the queen consort by marriage to King Mangsong Mangtsen. She was the ruler of the Tibetan Empire twice: in 675-689 during the minority of her son, King Tridu Songtsen, and in 704-712 during the minority of her grandson, King Mé Aktsom. Her title as regent was tsenmo (the female equivalent of tsenpo, the Tibetan title most frequently translated king).

Old Tibetan
Old Tibetan refers to the earliest attested form of Tibetan language, reflected in documents from the adoption of writing by the Tibetan Empire in the mid-7th century to the early 9th century. In 816 CE, during the reign of Tibetan King Sadnalegs, literary Tibetan underwent comprehensive standardization, resulting in Classical Tibetan.
Benjamin Rogers (musician)
Benjamin Rogers (May 1614 – June 1698) was an English organist and composer, widely known in Europe in his time. Modern taste prefers his consort music, where his reputation in the 18th century was for liturgical music and anthems. His Hymnus Eucharisticus beginning Te Deum Patrem colimus is sung annually on Magdalen Tower on May Day morning.

Anthem
An anthem is a musical composition of celebration, usually used as a symbol for a distinct group, particularly the national anthems of countries. Originally, and in music theory and religious contexts, it also refers more particularly to short sacred choral work (still frequently seen in Sacred Harp and other types of shape note singing) and still more particularly to a specific form of liturgical music. In this sense, its use began c. 1550 in English-speaking churches; it uses English language words, in contrast to the originally Roman Catholic 'motet' which sets a Latin text.
The Dunham School
The Dunham School is an independent, inter-denominational, Christian, college-preparatory, coeducational day school in St. George, Louisiana, United States. Located in the Oak Hills Place neighborhood, and founded in 1981 as Trafton Academy, it serves students from pre-kindergarten through grade twelve. The school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and the Louisiana Department of Education and is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools. The school also won a 2005 Blue Ribbon Award and has been recognized as a seven-time Apple Distinguished School for its one-to-one laptop program, which was started in 2009.

St. George, Louisiana
St. George is a city in East Baton Rouge Parish in Louisiana, USA. With a population of 86,316, it is the second most populous city in the parish (after Baton Rouge) and fifth most populous in the state.

St. George is the newest incorporated city in Louisiana and was approved through a ballot initiative on October 12, 2019. The city originated from previously unincorporated areas located southeast of Baton Rouge.

A legal action of St. George was filed in 19th Judicial District Court in East Baton Rouge Parish on November 4, 2019. After rulings by the district court and the Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeals, the Louisiana Supreme Court upheld the incorporation in a 4–3 decision.
Mughal Tahakhana
Mughal Tahakhana or Shah Shuja Tahakhana is a three storied building known as Tahakhana (Bengali: তাহখানা, Persian: ته خانه, meaning cold building or palace.) The historical Tahakhana is located at the Gauḍa (region) in Firozpur area in the west of a big pond. It is 15 km from Chapai Nawabganj District in Shahbajpur Union at Shibganj Upazila.

Chapai Nawabganj District
Chapai Nawabganj or Chapainawabganj District (Bengali: চাঁপাইনবাবগঞ্জ জেলা) is a district of Rajshahi Division. It is located in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The north and western-part of Chapainawabganj is bounded by Malda and Murshidabad districts of India, the east by Naogaon District, and south-east by Rajshahi District.
NGC 6145
NGC 6145 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Hercules. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 8,622±4 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 414.8 ± 29.0 Mly (127.17 ± 8.90 Mpc). Additionally, one non-redshift measurement gives a farther distance of 460 Mly (140 Mpc). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 12 May 1828.

NGC 6145 is a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus has an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Nucifer experiment
The Nucifer Experiment is a proposed test of equipment and methodologies for using neutrino detection (or, more specifically, antineutrino detection) for the monitoring of nuclear reactor activity and the assessment of the isotopic composition of reactor fuels for non-proliferation treaty compliance monitoring. Based upon an idea proposed by L.A. Mikaélyan in 1977, the Nucifer Experiment was proposed to the IAEA in October 2008.

The Nucifer Collaboration consists of researchers from a variety of French research institutions, including Subatech and CEA Saclay and from the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik in Heidelberg, Germany. No information appears to be available regarding the origin of the name "Nucifer". It is sometimes published in all-caps ("NUCIFER"), implying that it might be an acronym, but this usage is not consistent, not even among publications and presentations written by participants in the project.

CEA Paris-Saclay
The CEA Paris-Saclay center is one of nine centers belonging to the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). Following a reorganization in 2017, the center consists of multiple sites, including the CEA Saclay site (formerly a "center"), the Fontenay-aux-Roses site and the sites of Paris, Évry, Orsay and Caen.

Historically, as the main Saclay site was the heart of French nuclear research it was called the Saclay Center for Nuclear Studies (CEN Saclay) prior to the shift towards other fields of research and innovation besides nuclear.

The center has close ties with Paris-Saclay University, being located on the Saclay plateau and active in the Paris-Saclay project for innovation.
David Vasquez
David Vasquez (born October 11, 1948) is an American former boxer.

As an amateur in New York City, Vasquez won the New York Golden Gloves in three consecutive years from 1967 to 1969 and was the only champion to win at both the old Madison Square Garden and the new. He competed in the men's flyweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics, which was won by Ricardo Delgado of Mexico. Vasquez would go on to defeat Delgado after they both turned professional.

Vasquez fought in 35 matches during a professional career that lasted from 1969 to 1982 while also working in the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation and attending Lehman College. Vasquez also found work in small acting roles in films including Saturday Night Fever, The French Connection and Serpico.

Madison Square Garden (1925)
Madison Square Garden (MSG III) was an indoor arena in New York City, the third bearing that name. Built in 1925 and closed in 1968, it was located on the west side of Eighth Avenue between 49th and 50th streets in Manhattan, on the site of the city's trolley-car barns. It was the first Garden that was not located near Madison Square. MSG III was the home of the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League and the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and also hosted numerous boxing matches, the Millrose Games, the National Invitation Tournament, Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey, concerts, and other events. In 1968 it was demolished and its role and name passed to the fourth Madison Square Garden, which stands at the site of the original Penn Station. One Worldwide Plaza was built on the arena's former 50th Street location.
Sahyadri Express
Named after the famous Sahyadri mountain range that forms part of the Western Ghats in Maharashtra, 11023 / 11024  Sahyadri Express was one of 3 daily dedicated express trains managed by Indian Railways, that ply between Mumbai and Kolhapur in India. The other two daily trains on the Mumbai and Kolhapur run are 11029/30 Koyna Express & 17411/12 Mahalaxmi Express.

It operated as train number 11023 from Mumbai CSMT to Kolhapur SCSMT and as train number 11024 in the reverse direction. Currently, Sahyadri Express is not in operation.

Pune Junction railway station
Pune Junction railway station (station code: PUNE) is the main railway junction of the city of Pune, India. It is one of the major railway junctions in Maharashtra. Pune Junction consists of 6 platforms. It also has a suburban train network.

It has two accesses, from HH Aga Khan Road on the south and Raja Bahadur Mills Road on the north. Pune Police and Central Reserve Police Force serve the station.
CLW Curlew
The CLW Curlew was a two-seat, single-engined training aircraft built partly to demonstrate a new wing structure.  It flew successfully in the UK in 1936, but the company went bankrupt and only one Curlew flew.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
2020 Pro14 Grand Final
The 2020 Pro14 Grand Final was the final match of the 2019–20 Pro14 season. The 2019–20 season was the sixth with Guinness as the title sponsor, the eleventh with a grand final and the third season with 14 teams, following the admission of two Italian teams. The match was planned to be held at Cardiff City Stadium, however, on 19 March 2020, Celtic Rugby DAC cancelled the event due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The re-arranged match took place on 12 September 2020 at the Aviva Stadium between defending champions Leinster and Ulster. Leinster won the match 27–5 to defend their title and complete a hat-trick of title wins.

Cardiff City Stadium
The Cardiff City Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm Dinas Caerdydd) is a stadium in the Leckwith area of Cardiff, Wales. It is the home of Cardiff City and the Wales national team.

Following expansion of the Ninian Stand in July 2014, the stadium officially holds 33,280 supporters. The stadium replaced Ninian Park as Cardiff City's home ground in 2009, and is managed by Cardiff City Stadium Ltd., which is owned by Cardiff City Football Club Holdings Ltd. It also hosted the home matches of the Cardiff Blues rugby union team until the 2011–12 season, although originally the Blues had a lease until 2029.

After the Millennium Stadium, it is the second largest stadium in Cardiff and in Wales. The stadium is part of the Leckwith development, which also includes the Cardiff International Sports Stadium. A branded sponsor name will be assigned as and when the naming rights are sold. The stadium was officially opened on 22 July 2009, with Cardiff City playing a friendly match against Celtic.