hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Venetia et Histria
Venetia et Histria (Latin: Regio X Venetia et Histria) was an administrative subdivision in the northeast of Roman Italy. It was originally created by Augustus as the tenth regio in 7 AD alongside the nine other regiones. The region had been one of the last regions of Italy to be incorporated into the Roman Empire. It was later renamed by Diocletian the VIII provincia Venetia et Histria in the third century. Its capital was at Aquileia, and it stretched geographically from the Arsia River in the east in what is now Croatia to the Abdua in the current Italian region of Lombardy and from the Alps to the Adriatic Sea.

Adda (river)
The Adda (Latin: Abdua, or Addua; Lombard: Ada, or Adda) is a river in North Italy, a tributary of the Po. It rises in the Alps near the border with Switzerland and flows through Lake Como.  The Adda joins the Po near Castelnuovo Bocca d'Adda, a few kilometers upstream of Cremona. The river's length is 313 kilometres (194 mi). The highest point of the drainage basin is the summit of La Spedla (a subpeak of Piz Bernina), at 4,020 metres (13,190 ft).

Towns along the river include Bormio, Tirano, Sondrio, Bellagio and Lecco (both on Lake Como), Brivio and Lodi. The Poschiavino, a tributary, originates in Switzerland and flows through the town of Poschiavo.
Andy Manson (luthier)
Andy Manson is a luthier who has been hand-crafting guitars for over four decades. He has also made mandolins and multi-necked instruments. He is based in England, and is known for his flat-top, acoustic-guitars. He has influenced pieces by Hugh's & Brook Guitars, Elysian Acoustics and Gary Nava.

Levellers (band)
Levellers are an English folk rock and anarcho-punk band formed in Brighton, East Sussex, in 1988, consisting of Mark Chadwick (vocals, guirad), Jeremy Cunningham (bass guitar), Charlie Heather (drums), Jon Sevink (violin), Simon Friend (guitar, mandolin, vocals), Matt Savage (keyboards) and Dan Donnelly (guitar, mandolin, vocals). Taking their name from the Levellers political movement, the band released their first EP in 1989 and LP in 1990, with international success following upon signing to China Records and the release of their second album Levelling the Land. The band were among the most popular indie bands in Britain in the early 1990s, and performed at the Glastonbury Festival, first in 1992, then in 1994, where they performed as the headline act on The Pyramid Stage to a record crowd of 300,000 people. They continue to record and tour.
Podoué
Podoué (also spelled Podwé and Poday) is a village in southwestern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Grabo, Tabou Department, San-Pédro Region, Bas-Sassandra District. Podoué is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the Cavally River, which forms the border between Ivory Coast and Liberia.

Podoué was a commune until March 2012, when it was one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Grabo, Ivory Coast
Grabo is a town in south-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture and commune of Tabou Department in San-Pédro Region, Bas-Sassandra District. The town is three kilometres east of the Cavally River, which forms the border with Liberia.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Grabo was 39,181.
National Solar Conference and World Renewable Energy Forum 2012
National Solar Conference and World Renewable Energy Forum 2012 is an academic/scientific conference combined with a solar industry trade exhibition, to be held at the Denver Convention Center in Colorado, May 13 to 19, 2012.

It's organized jointly by the American Solar Energy Society, the World Renewable Energy Network, the International Solar Energy Society, the Colorado Renewable Energy Society, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

The Conference incorporates the 41st annual National Solar Energy Conference, the 37tn National Passive Solar Energy Conference, the 7th ASES Policy and Marketing Conference, and a Renewable Energy Products and Services Exhibition. The Exhibition will be open to the public on Friday, May 19.

Conference chair is Chuck Kutscher, Ph.D., a principal engineer at the National Renewable Energy Lab.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
Angry Young Men (miniseries)
Angry Young Men is a 2024 Indian documentary miniseries about the screenwriting duo Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar, popularly known as Salim–Javed. Directed by Namrata Rao in her feature debut, the three-part series premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 20 August 2024. It focuses on the professional journey of Salim–Javed and their influence on Hindi cinema, especially through the creation of the "angry young man" character type made popular by actor Amitabh Bachchan in the 1970s. The series uses a mix of archival footage and new interviews with actors, filmmakers, and family members.

Reema Kagti
Reema Kagti (born Reema Kakati) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in Hindi film industry. She made her debut as a director in the critically acclaimed Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd. (2007), which was followed by the neo-noir, Talaash: The Answer Lies Within (2012) and the historical sports drama Gold (2018). Reema along with Zoya Akhtar founded Tiger Baby Films, a film and web studio, in October 2015.
The Parnassus
The Parnassus (Italian: Il Parnaso, referring to Mount Parnassus) is a fresco painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael in the Raphael Rooms ("Stanze di Raffaello"), in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome, painted at the commission of Pope Julius II.

It was probably the second wall of the Stanza della Segnatura to be painted between 1509 and 1511, after La Disputa and before The School of Athens, which occupy other walls of the room.

Muses
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, romanized: Moúsai, [ˈmuː.sai̯]; singular: Μοῦσα, Moúsa, [ˈmuː.sa]; Greek: Μούσες, romanized: Múses, [ˈmuː.ses]) were the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture.

The number and names of the Muses differed by region, but from the Classical period the number of Muses was standardized to nine, and their names were generally given as Calliope, Clio, Polyhymnia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Erato, Melpomene, Thalia, and Urania.

In modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.
Anne Amieux
Anne-Léontine Nicolas Amieux (18 June 1871 – 1960?) was a French educator. She was principal of the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles at Sèvres from 1919 to 1936.

She was born in Lyon and was educated at the girls' lycée there. She continued her studies at the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles at Sèvres where she received her qualification to teach science. In 1905, she was awarded a travel bursary by the philanthropist Albert Kahn. She was a founding member of the Association française des femmes diplômées des universités and also served on the council for the International Federation of University Women.

Amieux taught at a girls' lycée in Tournon-sur-Rhône and at the Lycée Victor-Hugo in Paris. She was founding principal at the Lycée Jules-Ferry.

In 1933, she was named a Chevalier in the French Legion of Honour.

Secondary education in France
In France, secondary education is in two stages:

Collèges (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ]) cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 14.

Lycées (French pronunciation: [lise]) provide a three-year course of further secondary education for students between the ages of 15 and 19 (although some lycées host higher education courses like CPGE or BTS). Pupils are prepared for the baccalauréat (French pronunciation: [bakaloʁea]; baccalaureate, colloquially known as bac, previously bachot), which can lead to higher education studies or directly to professional life. There are three main types of baccalauréat: the baccalauréat général, baccalauréat technologique and baccalauréat professionnel.
Musée Bossuet
The Musée Bossuet is the art and history museum of the town of Meaux, France. 
Situated in the old episcopal palace, it takes its name from the famous orator and theologian, Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux from 1681 to 1704.

Giuseppe Cesari
Giuseppe Cesari (14 February 1568 – 3 July 1640) was an Italian Mannerist painter, also named Il Giuseppino and called Cavaliere d'Arpino, because he was created Knight of the Supreme Order of Christ by his patron Pope Clement VIII. He was much patronized in Rome by both Clement and Sixtus V. He was the chief of the studio in which Caravaggio trained upon the younger painter's arrival in Rome.
777th Aviation Support Battalion
The 777th Aviation Support Battalion (777th ASB) is a U.S. Army National Guard battalion. It was stationed at Balad Air Base in Balad, Iraq during its deployment for the Iraq War. The current challenge coin issued was designed by Ret. Sergeant Joseph M. Traylor.

Balad Air Base
Balad Air Base (Arabic: قاعدة بلد الجوية) (ICAO: ORBD), is an Iraqi Air Force base located near Balad in the Sunni Triangle 40 miles (64 km) north of Baghdad, Iraq.

Built in the early 1980s, it was originally named Al-Bakr Air Base. In 2003 the base was taken over by the 4th Infantry Division at the start of the Iraq War. It was called both Balad Air Base and Anaconda Logistical Support Area (LSA) by the United States Army before being renamed Joint Base Balad on June 15, 2008. The base was handed back to the Iraqi Air Force on November 8, 2011, during the U.S. withdrawal from Iraq, after which it returned to being called Balad Air Base.

During the Iraq War it was the second largest U.S. base in Iraq. It was also one of the busiest airports in the world with 27,500 takeoffs and landings per month, second only to Heathrow Airport. Today it is home to the Iraqi Air Force's contingent of Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcons.
Huasna River
The Huasna River is a stream in the Central Coast region of California, and is a tributary of the Cuyama River. It is formed by the confluence of Trout Creek and Stony Creek, which originate along the crest of the Santa Lucia Range in the Los Padres National Forest. It flows south, past the community of Huasna and the Huasna Valley before reaching Twitchell Reservoir, which is created by a dam along the Cuyama River.

Like most other streams in this part of California, the Huasna River is usually dry, with significant flows only during the winter and early spring. During rare high water levels of Twitchell Reservoir, the lower part of the Huasna Valley may be flooded.

Los Padres National Forest
Los Padres National Forest is a United States national forest in southern and central California. Administered by the United States Forest Service, Los Padres includes most of the mountainous land along the California coast from Ventura to Monterey, extending inland. Elevations range from sea level to 8,847 feet (2,697 m).
Hyposmocoma falsimella
Hyposmocoma falsimella is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui. The type locality is Haleakalā, where it was collected at an elevation above 5,000 feet (1,500 m).

Haleakalā
Haleakalā (/ˌhɑːliˌɑːkəˈlɑː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiian pronunciation: [ˈhɐlɛˈjɐkəˈlaː]), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive, active shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains.

The tallest peak of Haleakalā ("house of the sun"), at 10,023 feet (3,055 m), is Puʻu ʻUlaʻula (Red Hill). From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 mi (18.11 km) across, 3.2 mi (5.1 km) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones.
Arpad, Syria
Arpad (Old Aramaic: 𐡀𐡓𐡐𐡃, romanized: ʾRPD; Biblical Hebrew: אַרְפַּד, romanized: ʾArpaḏ or אַרְפָּד, ʾArpāḏ; modern Tell Rifaat, Syria) was an ancient Aramaean Neo-Hittite city located in north-western Syria, north of Aleppo. It became the capital of the Aramaean state of Bit Agusi established by Gusi of Yakhan in the 9th century BC. Bit Agusi stretched from the A'zaz area in the north to Hamath in the south.

Arpad later became a major vassal city of the Kingdom of Urartu. In 743 BC, during the Urartu-Assyria War, the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III laid siege to Arpad following the defeat of the Urartuan army of Sarduri II at Samsat. But the city of Arpad did not surrender easily. It took Tiglath-Pileser three years of siege to conquer Arpad, whereupon he massacred its inhabitants and destroyed the city. Afterward Arpad served as a provincial capital. Tell Rifaat, which is probably the remains of Arpad, has walls still preserved to a height of eight meters.

Azaz
Azaz (Arabic: أَعْزَاز, romanized: ʾAʿzāz) is a city in northwest Syria, roughly 20 miles (32 kilometres) north-northwest of Aleppo. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Azaz had a population of 31,623 at the 2004 census. As of 2015, its inhabitants were almost entirely Sunni Muslims, mostly Arabs but also some Turkmen.

It is historically significant as the site of the Battle of Azaz between the Crusader States and the Seljuk Turks on June 11, 1125. It is close to a Syria–Turkey border crossing, which enters Turkey at Öncüpınar, south of the city of Kilis. It was the capital of the Syrian Interim Government. The pro-Turkish forces' control over the area did not end until the SIG was incorporated into the Syrian caretaker government at the end of January 2025.
John Chapman Village Site
The John Chapman Village Site is a prehistoric archaeological site in the Apple River Valley, south of Hanover, Illinois. It includes a village area and a platform mound, the latter being the only known platform mound in the Apple River Valley. The village was inhabited from roughly 1100 to 1250 A.D., towards the end of the Late Woodland period and the beginning of the Mississippian period. It is associated with the Bennett Phase, a transitional period between the two. Archaeologists have proposed that the site was part of a trade network between Cahokia and settlements further north, such as Aztalan, based on artifacts discovered there.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 2009.

Hanover, Illinois
Hanover is a village in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States, along the Apple River. The town was previously named Wapello, in honor of Chief Wapello of the Meskwaki tribe. The population was 863 at the 2020 cenus, up from 844 in 2010.
Schlip
Schlip is a settlement of about 1,500 inhabitants in the Hardap Region of central Namibia. It is situated on the unpaved road D1254 about 40 miles south of Rehoboth and has two primary schools and a junior secondary school.

Schlip is the administrative centre of the Rehoboth Rural constituency. It is also the main settlement of the ǁOgain (Groot Doden) clan of the Nama people.

Hardap Region
Hardap is one of the fourteen regions of Namibia. Its capital is Mariental. Hardap contains the municipality of Mariental, the towns of Rehoboth and Aranos, and the self-governed villages of Gibeon, Gochas, Kalkrand, Stampriet, and Maltahöhe. The Hardap Dam is located in the region.
Child process
A child process (CP) in computing is a process created by another process (the parent process). This technique pertains to multitasking operating systems, and is sometimes called a subprocess or traditionally a subtask.

There are two major procedures for creating a child process: the fork system call (preferred in Unix-like systems and the POSIX standard) and the spawn (preferred in the modern (NT) kernel of Microsoft Windows, as well as in some historical operating systems).

OS/360 and successors
OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages for the IBM 7090/7094 and even more so by the PR155 Operating System for the IBM 1410/7010 processors. It was one of the earliest operating systems to require the computer hardware to include at least one direct access storage device.

Although OS/360 itself was discontinued, successor operating systems, including the virtual storage MVS and the 64-bit z/OS, are still run as of 2023 and maintain application-level compatibility with OS/360.
Viktor Shklovsky
Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky (Russian: Ви́ктор Бори́сович Шкло́вский, IPA: [ˈʂklofskʲɪj]; 24 January [O.S. 12 January] 1893 – 6 December 1984) was a Russian and Soviet literary theorist, critic, writer, and pamphleteer. He is one of the major figures associated with Russian formalism.

Shklovsky's Theory of Prose was published in 1925. Shklovsky himself is still praised as "one of the most important literary and cultural theorists of the twentieth century" (Modern Language Association Prize Committee); "one of the most lively and irreverent minds of the last century" (David Bellos); "one of the most fascinating figures of Russian cultural life in the twentieth century" (Tzvetan Todorov)

David Bellos
David Michael Bellos (25 June 1945 – 26 October 2025) was a British academic, translator and biographer. He was the Meredith Howland Pyne professor of French and comparative literature at Princeton University in the United States, and was the co-founder and first director, from 2007, of its translation and intercultural communication program.
Waesche, Sheinbaum & O'Regan
Waesche, Sheinbaum & O'Regan was a New York-based law firm focusing on international litigation and arbitration. It was co-founded in 1979 by Donald M. Waesche, Jr., Louis P. Sheinbaum and Francis M. O'Regan, partners from the Wall Street firm of Bigham, Englar, Jones & Houston.

The firm litigated cases involving the carriage of goods by sea and air, insurance, reinsurance, international personal jurisdiction, the doctrine of forum non conveniens, the Federal Arbitration Act, the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, and the application of international treaties.   It ceased operations in 2011.

Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (FSIA) is a United States law, codified at Title 28, §§ 1330, 1332, 1391(f), 1441(d), and 1602–1611 of the United States Code, that established criteria as to whether a foreign sovereign state (or its political subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities) is immune from the jurisdiction of the United States' federal or state courts. The Act also establishes specific procedures for service of process, attachment of property and execution of judgment in proceedings against a foreign state. The FSIA provides the exclusive basis and means to bring a civil suit against a foreign sovereign in the United States. It was signed into law by United States President Gerald Ford on October 21, 1976.
Københavns Lufthavne
Københavns Lufthavne is a public limited company that operates two airports in Copenhagen, Denmark: Copenhagen Airport and Roskilde Airport. In addition, it previously held a 49% stake in Newcastle International Airport and 10% of Aeropuertos del Sureste that operated nine airports in Mexico.

The largest owners of Københavns Lufthavne were Macquarie Infrastructure Corporation (52.4%) and the Government of Denmark (39.2%). Founded by the government in 1925 to operate the airport, the firm was a government enterprise called Københavns Lufthavnsvæsen until 1990, when it was transformed into a limited company.

After the Danish government sold 25% of its stake in the company in 1994, Københavns Lufthavne was listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange. In 1996 and 2000 the government sold additional 24% and 17%, respectively.

In 2025, the Ministry of Finance acquired pension fund ATP's 59% stake, giving it a 98% shareholding.

Ministry of Finance (Denmark)
The Ministry of Finance of Denmark (Danish: Finansministeriet) is a ministry in the Government of Denmark. Among other things, it is in charge of the government budget (subject to approval by the Danish parliament, Folketinget), paying government employees and improving efficiency in government administration. The current Finance Minister of Denmark is Nicolai Wammen.
US Alta Vallagarina
U.S. Alta Vallagarina is an Italian association football club located in Volano, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. It currently plays in Serie D. Its colors are red and blue.

Alta Vallagarina was formed in 2001 from the merger of U.S. Calliano and U.S. Volano, starting in the Prima Categoria.  In their second year they were promoted to the Promozione as champions of Group C.  After three years in the Promozione, the club were promoted to the Eccellenza following the 2005–06 season.  This was followed up with another promotion, to Serie D, after finishing first in the Eccellenza Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

Prima Categoria
The Prima Categoria is the seventh level (since 2014–15) in the Italian football league system and is organized by the National Amateur League by the Regional Committees. Each individual league winner within the Prima Categoria level progresses to their closest regional league in the Promozione level. Depending on each league's local rules, a number of teams each year are relegated from each league, to the eighth level of Italian football, the Seconda Categoria.

This level of Italian football is completely amateur and is run on a regional level.

From 1898–1922, the highest league in Italy was named the Prima Categoria, the predecessor to the later Prima Divisione and current Serie A. That Prima Categoria has no relation to the one of today, which was founded in 1959.
Vallabharaja
Vallabha-raja (r. c. 1008 CE) was an Indian king who ruled parts of present-day Gujarat. He was a member of the Chaulukya (also called Chalukya or Solanki) dynasty. He ruled for less than a year, and died of smallpox while marching against an enemy.

Hemachandra
Hemachandra (c. 1088 – c. 1172/1173) was a 12th century Śvetāmbara Jaina ācārya, scholar, poet, mathematician, philosopher, yogi, grammarian, law theorist, historian, lexicographer, rhetorician, logician, and prosodist. Noted as a prodigy by his contemporaries, he gained the title kalikālasarvajña, "the knower of all knowledge in his times" and is also regarded as father of the Gujarati language.

Born as Caṅgadeva, he was ordained in the Śvetāmbara school of Jainism in 1110 and took the name Somacandra. In 1125 he became an adviser to King Kumārapāla and wrote Arhannīti, a work on politics from Jaina perspective. He also produced Triśaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣacarita (“Deeds of the 63 Illustrious Men”), a Sanskrit epic poem on the history of important figures of Jainism. Later when he was consecrated as ācārya, his name was changed to Hemacandra.