hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flute sonata
A flute sonata is a sonata usually for flute and piano, though occasionally other accompanying instruments may be used. Flute sonatas in the Baroque period were very often accompanied in the form of basso continuo.

Sonata
In music, a sonata (/səˈnɑːtə/; pl. sonate) is a piece that consists of 3 or 4 movements that can be for different musical instruments.: 17  The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms until the Classical era, when it took on increasing importance. Sonata is a vague term, with varying meanings depending on the context and time period. By the early 19th century it came to represent a principle of composing large-scale works. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded—alongside the fugue—as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music. Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and 21st-century sonatas maintain the overarching structure.

The term sonatina, pl. sonatine, the diminutive form of sonata, is often used for a short or technically easy sonata.
2023 Antalya Challenger – Doubles
Hsu Yu-hsiou and Oleksii Krutykh were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Filip Bergevi and Petros Tsitsipas won the title after defeating Sarp Ağabigün and Ergi Kırkın 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Ergi Kırkın
Ergi Kırkın (born 27 January 1999) is a Turkish tennis player.
He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 251 achieved on 6 May 2024. He has won 9 ITF singles titles. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking No. 300 achieved on 26 February 2024.
Dziadkowice, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Dziadkowice [d͡ʑatkɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] is a village in Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dziadkowice.

According to the 1921 census, the village was inhabited by 107 people, among whom 67 were Roman Catholic, 36 Orthodox, and 4 Mosaic. At the same time, 75 inhabitants declared Polish nationality, 32 Belarusian. There were 22 residential buildings in the village.

1921 Polish census
The Polish census of 1921 or First General Census in Poland (Polish: Pierwszy Powszechny Spis Ludności) was the first census in the Second Polish Republic, performed on September 30, 1921, by the Main Bureau of Statistics (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). It was followed by the Polish census of 1931.
Dyott
Dyott is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Dyott, English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1601 and 1614

George Dyott, British pioneer aviator and explorer of the Amazon

Richard Dyott (disambiguation), any of four different British politicians

Richard Dyott
Richard Dyott is the name of:

Richard Dyott (1591–1660), English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1623 and 1640

Richard Dyott (1619–1677), English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1667 and 1677

Richard Dyott (1667–1719), English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in three periods between 1690 and 1710

Richard Dyott (1808–1891), English Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1865 to 1880
Jujuy Province
Jujuy [xuˈxuj] is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south.

Yungas
The Yungas (Aymara yunka; 'warm or temperate Andes or earth', Quechua yunka; 'warm area on the slopes of the Andes') is a bioregion of a narrow band of forest along the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains from Peru and Bolivia, and extends into Northwest Argentina at the slope of the Andes pre-cordillera. It is a transitional zone between the Andean highlands and the eastern forests. Like the surrounding areas, the Yungas belong to the Neotropical realm; the climate is rainy, humid, and warm.
Adolphe Noël des Vergers
Joseph-Marin-Adolphe Noël des Vergers (2 June 1805 – 2 January 1867) was a 19th-century French archaeologist, historian, etruscologist, orientalist and epigrapher.

He was the son of  Marin Noël des Vergers, député of the Yonne department.

Yonne
Yonne (French: [jɔn], in Burgundian: Ghienne) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the river Yonne, which flows through it, in the country's north-central part. One of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's eight constituent departments, it is located in its northwestern part, bordering Île-de-France. It was created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Its prefecture is Auxerre, with subprefectures in Avallon and Sens. Its INSEE and postcode number is 89.

Yonne is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's fourth-most populous department, with a population of 335,707 (2019). Its largest city is its prefecture Auxerre, with a population of about 35,000 within city limits and 68,000 in the urban area.
Mashu
Mashu, as described in the Epic of Gilgamesh of Mesopotamian mythology, is a great cedar mountain through which the hero-king Gilgamesh passes via a tunnel on his journey to Dilmun after leaving the Cedar Forest, a forest of ten thousand leagues span. Siduri, the alewife, lived on the shore, associated with "the Waters of Death" that Gilgamesh had to cross to reach Utnapishtim in search of the secret of eternal life.

League (unit)
A league is a unit of length. It was common in Europe and Latin America, but due to its highly inconsistent definition, it is no longer an official unit in any nation. Derived from an ancient Celtic unit and adopted by the Romans as the leuga, the league became a common unit of measurement throughout western Europe. Since the Middle Ages, many values have been specified in several countries, ranging from 2.2 km (1.4 mi) to 7.9 km (4.9 mi).

It may have originally represented, roughly, the distance a person could walk in an hour.
Potosinista Civic Committee
The Potosinista Civic Committee (Spanish: Comité Civico Potosinista ; COMCIPO) is a political organization representing indigenous people and rural workers in the department of Potosí, Bolivia. It was established on August 2, 1976, in response to fears that the region's natural resources were being exploited by foreign corporations. It is made up of representatives of different civic institutions of the department.

Indigenous peoples in Bolivia
The Indigenous peoples in Bolivia or Native Bolivians (Spanish: Bolivianos Nativos) are Bolivians who have predominantly or total Amerindian ancestry. They constitute anywhere from 38.7% to 62.05% of Bolivia's population, depending on different estimates, and they belong to 36 recognized ethnic groups. Aymara and Quechua are the largest groups. The geography of Bolivia includes the Andes, the Gran Chaco, the Yungas, the Chiquitania and the Amazon rainforest.

An additional 30–68% of the population is mestizo, having mixed European and Indigenous ancestry.
James Adderley
James Granville Adderley (1861–1942) was an English cleric of Anglo-Catholic views, Christian socialist and founder of the Christian Social Union. He was also a ritualist with a strong interest in the dramatic from his student days, seeing it as an effective adjunct to religion.

1889 London dock strike
The 1889 London dock strike was an industrial dispute involving dock workers in the Port of London. It broke out on 14 August 1889, and resulted in victory for the 100,000 strikers when they won their pay claim of sixpence per hour, the so-called "dockers' tanner". The industrial action also established strong trade unions amongst London dockers, one of which became the nationally important Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union. The strike is widely considered a milestone in the development of the British labour movement, symbolising the growth of the New Unions of casual, unskilled and poorly paid workers, in contrast to the craft unions already in existence. The strike helped to draw attention to the problem of poverty in Victorian Britain and the dockers' cause attracted considerable public sympathy.
Fridman
Fridman ([ˈfridman], Russian: Фри́дман) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Fridman

Fridman (crater), the remains of a lunar crater on the far side of the Moon

Alexey Maksimovich Fridman, a Russian/Soviet-Israeli physicist

Daniel Fridman, Latvian: Daniels Frīdmans (born 1976, Riga), a Latvian-German chess master

Gal Fridman, Israeli windsurfer and an Olympic gold medalist

James Fridman, British graphic designer

Lev Fridman (born 1969, Sverdlovsk), a Russian auto racing driver

Lidia Fridman (born 1996), Russian operatic soprano

Limor Fridman (born 1968), Israeli Olympic gymnast

Mikhail Fridman, Russian businessman

Olga Fridman (born 1998), Ukrainian-Israeli tennis player

Yasmin Fridman (born 1973), Israeli politician

Yonatan Fridman (born 2003), Israeli acrobatic gymnast

Lex Fridman (born 1986), Russian-American computer scientist and podcast host.

Olga Fridman
Olga Olehivna Fridman (Ukrainian: Ольга Олегівна Фрідман, Hebrew: אולגה פרידמן; born 30 September 1998) is a Ukrainian-Israeli former professional tennis player and the 2015 female Israeli tennis champion.

As a junior, Fridman has a career-high world ranking of 12, achieved on 24 March 2014. She has a career-high singles ranking of 231 by the WTA, achieved on 23 May 2016, and she won two singles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
George Hogg (adventurer)
George Aylwin Hogg (Chinese: 何克; pinyin: Hé Kè; Wade–Giles: Ho2 K'o4, 26 January 1915 – 22 July 1945) was a British adventurer. He studied economics at University of Oxford and was best known for saving 60 orphaned boys during the Second Sino-Japanese War and leading them 700 miles (1,100 km) through dangerous mountain passes, escaping the approaching Japanese and Chinese Nationalist forces in the Shaanxi area.

Shandan County
Shandan County (Chinese: 山丹县) is a county in Gansu Province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the north and Qinghai to the south. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhangye. It is an important site located on the ancient Silk Road. Its postal code is 734100, and in 1999 its population was 194,901 people. It is known for horses and pastures. Ancient Han people called the horses as 'heavenly western horses'. The region's lakes provide water to the animals on the pastures.
Adaalat (TV series)
Adaalat (transl. The Court) is an Indian television courtroom drama anthology series about a defence attorney, K. D. Pathak (Karanveer Damyanti Pathak), portrayed by Ronit Roy. The first season of the show premiered on Sony Entertainment Television on 20 November 2010 and ran for five years, ending on 11 July 2015. The show aired 431 episodes in its first season. Adaalat returned for its second season on Sony Entertainment Television on 4 June 2016 and ended on 4 September 2016. The show aired 26 episodes in its second season.

Sony Entertainment Television
Sony Entertainment Television (abbreviated as SET) is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel that was launched in 1995 and is owned by Sony Pictures Networks, a division of Sony Pictures.
John de Rait
John de Rait [Raith, Rathe, Rate, Rathet] was a 14th-century Scottish cleric. The name "Rait" probably links him to the village of Rait in Gowrie, although the name "Rath" – Gaelic for a type of enclosed settlement – is common to many settlements in Scotland. Rait, at some unknown university, attained a Master's Degree in his youth; he was Archdeacon of Aberdeen between 1342 and 1350, and Precentor of Elgin Cathedral between 1349 and 1350. He resigned both positions in 1350 because in that year he became Bishop of Aberdeen. He held this position for five years, dying sometime before 9 June 1355 and was buried in the choir of Aberdeen Cathedral.

Gowrie
Gowrie (Scottish Gaelic: Gobharaidh) is a region in central Scotland and one of the original provinces of the Kingdom of Alba. It covered the eastern part of what became Perthshire. It was located to the immediate east of Atholl, and originally included the area around Perth (and the ancient Scottish royal sites of Scone), though that was later detached as Perthia.

Its chief settlement is the city of Perth. Today it is most often associated with the Carse of Gowrie, the part of Gowrie south of the Sidlaw Hills running east of Perth to Dundee.
Ben Oas
Ben Oas (April 27, 1901 – February 1, 1976) was an American football player.

Oas was born in 1901 in  Minnesota. He played college football as a center and fullback for St Mary's (MN) from 1925 to 1928. He also played center for the St. Mary's basketball team.

Oas also played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a center and back for the Minneapolis Red Jackets during the 1929 season. He appeared in seven NFL games, four as a starter.

Oas died in February 1976 in Trimble, Illinois.

Minneapolis Marines/Red Jackets
The Minneapolis Marines were an early professional football team that existed from 1905 until 1928. The team did not play in 1918 or 1925 to 1926 and was later resurrected from 1929 to 1930 under the Minneapolis Red Jackets name. The Marines were originally owned by the Marine Athletic Club of Minneapolis and later by Minneapolitans John Dunn and Val Ness.  The Marines played their earliest games in the sandlots of Minneapolis and at Minnehaha Park. They made their first appearance at Lexington Park in 1909 and Nicollet Park in 1910. From 1912 to 1914, the team rented the North Minneapolis Athletic Association grounds at 25th Avenue North and Washington Avenue in Minneapolis, a site now overrun by Interstate 94. The Marines moved to Nicollet Park in 1915 and played there until they disbanded as the Red Jackets in 1930. The Minneapolis Marines were the first Minnesota-based team to join the National Football League, predating the Duluth Eskimos (1923) and Minnesota Vikings (1961).
Duarte de Meneses, 3rd Count of Viana
Dom Duarte de Menezes, (Lisbon, 1414 – near Tétouan, Morocco, 20 January 1464) was a 15th-century Portuguese nobleman and military figure.  Duarte de Menezes (sometimes modernized as de Meneses) was the 3rd Count of Viana do Alentejo, 2nd Count of Viana (da Foz do Lima), Lord of Caminha and the first Portuguese captain of Alcácer-Ceguer.

Santarém, Portugal
Santarém (European Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃tɐˈɾɐ̃j] ⓘ) is a Portuguese city and municipality located in the district of Santarém. The population of the historic Ribatejo capital  in 2021 was 58,671, in an area of 552.54 km2. The population of the city proper was 29,929 in 2012.

The mayor is Ricardo Gonçalves (PSD). The municipal holiday is March 19, the day of Saint Joseph (São José). The city is on the Portuguese Way variant of the Way of Saint James.
Aleksandrovich
Aleksandrovich (also Alexandrovich) is a Russian-language patronymic and surname. The surname corresponds to the Polish surname Aleksandrowicz/Alexandrowicz and the Serbian surname Aleksandrović. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Ilyin (born 1983), Russian actor

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Karelin (born 1967), Russian politician

Aleksei Aleksandrovich Balandin (1898–1967), Soviet chemist

Alyaksandr Aleksandrovich (born 1997), Belarussian footballer

Boris Aleksandrovich Pelikan (1861–1931), Ukrainian politician

Mikhail Alexandrovich (1914–2002), Latvian tenor, and cantor

Nikolai Aleksandrovich, multiple people

Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuyev (1815–1890), Russian statesman

Vladimir  Aleksandrovich Demidov (born 1964), Russian footballer

Alexandrowicz
Alexandrowicz is a surname of Polish language origin, a variant of Aleksandrowicz. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Henry Alexandrowicz, (1902–1975), lawyer and scholar of international law

Ra'anan Alexandrowicz, Israeli director, screenwriter and editor
Shaun Baxter (Australian rules footballer)
Shaun Baxter (born 2 October 1977) is a former Australian rules footballer who was drafted by the Western Bulldogs.

Baxter was drafted to Footscray, as the Western Bulldogs were known then, as selection 49 in the 1994 AFL draft from the Geelong Falcons under-18s via Geelong & District Football League club, Bannockburn. His short AFL career was heavily hampered by a battle with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, type of cancer, that he survived. Baxter's fight with the illness was highlighted in the documentary Year of the Dogs during Footscray's turbulent 1996 season. His health contributed to Baxter never playing an AFL game. He later spent some time on Geelong Cats's supplementary list as a reserves player, before moving to Western Australia and playing for the East Perth Royals.

In 2008, he was a challenger on Australian Gladiators. He lost to Joe McKay.

In late 2020, the Beechworth Bushrangers appointed Baxter as non-playing coach.

Gladiators (2008 Australian TV series)
Gladiators was an Australian television series which aired on the Seven Network in 2008. It was a revival of the earlier series of the same name, and was based on the American version of the show, which was also revived in 2008.

The revival of Gladiators was first announced in September 2007, and premiered on 30 March 2008 at 6:30 pm. The Challengers in this series competed to win A$50,000 and a new Subaru Forester. The revival lasted for one season.

In July 2023, following the BBC’s revival of the British version, the show was confirmed to return for the second time, set to be revived by Warner Bros. Television Studios and began broadcasting on Network Ten on 15 January 2024, hosted by Beau Ryan and Liz Ellis, but was cancelled in May later that year due to a lack of audience.
Purity of arms
Purity of arms (Hebrew: טוהר הנשק, romanized: Tohar HaNeshek) is one of the core values listed in the "Spirit of the Israel Defense Forces". It is described as the following:

The IDF servicemen and women will use their weapons and force only for the purpose of their mission, only to the necessary extent and will maintain their humanity even during combat. IDF soldiers will not use their weapons and force to harm human beings who are not combatants or prisoners of war, and will do all in their power to avoid causing harm to their lives, bodies, dignity and property.

The assertion of this ethical code by Israel has historically spurred controversy over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict. Many Israeli war crimes have been documented, including the use of torture, killing of civilians and prisoners of war, indiscriminate attacks, collective punishment and starvation, as well as the Gaza genocide.

Collective punishment
Collective punishment is a punishment or sanction imposed on a group or whole community for acts allegedly perpetrated by a member or some members of that group or area, which could be an ethnic or political group, or just the family, friends and neighbors of the perpetrator, as well as entire cities and communities where the perpetrator(s) allegedly committed the crime. Because individuals who are not responsible for the acts are targeted, collective punishment is not compatible with the basic principle of individual responsibility. The punished group may often have no direct association with the perpetrator other than living in the same area and can not be assumed to exercise control over the perpetrator's actions. Collective punishment is prohibited by treaty in both international and/or non-international armed conflicts, more specifically Common Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and Article 4 of the Additional Protocol II.
Steve Vick
Steve Vick (born May 23, 1956) is an American politician serving as a member of the Idaho Senate from the 2nd district. He was previously a member of the Montana House of Representatives from 1995 to 2002.

Idaho Senate
The Idaho State Senate is the upper chamber of the Idaho Legislature. It consists of 35 senators elected to two-year terms, each representing a district of the state. The Senate meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho.
Bonaparte's parakeet
Bonaparte's parakeet (Pyrrhura lucianii), also known as Deville's parakeet, or in aviculture as Deville's conure, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is restricted to the Brazilian state of Amazonas south of the Solimões river.

Solimões River
Solimões (Portuguese pronunciation: [soliˈmõjs]) is the name often given to upper stretches of the Amazon River in Brazil from its confluence with the Rio Negro upstream to the border of Peru. The Solimões flows for about 1,600 km (1,000 miles) through a floodplain about 80 km (50 miles) wide.
Babiana patula
Babiana patula is a perennial flowering plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Babiana and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs from Tulbagh to Albertinia. The plant has a range of 20 000 km2 and has lost 60% of its habitat to development, crop cultivation and invasive plants over 80 years.

Albertinia, South Africa
Albertinia is a settlement in the Hessequa Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

The town, located within the Hessequa region, is about 50 km west of Mossel Bay, at the foot of the Langeberg Mountains, and is fondly referred to as the Aloe Capital of South Africa. The region in which the town is located in, is branded as The Explorer's Garden Route.
Threatened fauna of Australia
Threatened fauna of Australia are those species and subspecies of birds, fish, frogs, insects, mammals, molluscs, crustaceans, and reptiles to be found in Australia that are in danger of becoming extinct. This article lists species classified as threatened species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

Christmas Island shrew
The Christmas Island shrew (Crocidura trichura), also known as the Christmas Island musk-shrew, is an extinct species of shrew from Christmas Island. It was variously placed as subspecies of the Asian gray shrew (Crocidura attenuata) or the Southeast Asian shrew (Crocidura fuliginosa), but morphological differences and the large distance between the species indicate that Christmas Island shrew is an entirely distinct species.
Saviour Officers
Saviour Officers or Halâskâr Zâbitân (Turkish: Kurtarıcı Subaylar) or Halâskâran (Turkish: Kurtarıcılar) was a pro-Freedom and Accord Party armed organisation that was organised in May 1912. The organisation, which was an opponent of the Committee of Union and Progress, carried out many actions from the day it was founded until the date of the Raid on the Sublime Porte.

Saviour Officers, who published harsh statements in newspapers and submitted memoranda to the Military Council, caused the Grand Vizier Mehmed Said Pasha to resign. They sent a threatening letter to Halil Bey, the President of the Chamber of Deputies, asking for the dissolution of the parliament with the majority of Union and Progress, and although these requests were condemned by the parliament, the parliament was dissolved after the initiatives of Ahmet Muhtar Pasha.

Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)
The Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Turkish: مجلس مبعوثان Meclis-i meb'ūs̱ān; Turkish: Meclis-i Mebusân or Mebuslar Meclisi) of the Ottoman Empire was the lower house of the General Assembly, the Ottoman Parliament. Unlike the upper house, the Senate, the members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected by the general Ottoman populace, although suffrage was limited to men of a certain financial standing, among other restrictions that varied over the Chamber's lifetime.