hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raymond Ice Ridge
Raymond Ice Ridge (81°35′S 135°0′W﻿ / ﻿81.583°S 135.000°W﻿ / -81.583; -135.000) is an Antarctic ice ridge located between Bindschadler Ice Stream and Kamb Ice Stream on Siple Coast, Marie Byrd Land. Siple Dome is at the west end of the ridge. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Charles F. Raymond, Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington, who studied the glacial history and evolution of the Marie Byrd Land ice stream system, with work on Siple Dome and the adjacent Bindschadler and Kamb ice streams in several field seasons between 1994 and 2002.

Siple Dome
Siple Dome (81°39′15″S 149°00′18″W﻿ / ﻿81.65430285°S 149.0051336°W﻿ / -81.65430285; -149.0051336) is an ice dome approximately 100 km wide and 100 km long, located 130 km east of Siple Coast in Antarctica. Charles Bentley and Robert Thomas established a "strain rosette" on this feature to determine ice movement in 1973–74. They referred to the feature as Siple Dome because of its proximity to Siple Coast.
Ram Robert Rahim
Ram Robert Rahim  is a 1980 Indian Telugu-language masala film directed by Vijaya Nirmala, produced by Uppalapati Suryanarayana Babu and written by Tripuraneni Maharadhi. The film is a remake of the 1977 Hindi film Amar Akbar Anthony. The film stars Krishna, Rajinikanth, Chandra Mohan opposite their female leads of Sridevi, Sunitha and Phataphat Jayalaxmi, with Anjali Devi, Jaggayya and Tyagaraaju in supporting roles. It was released on 31 May 1980. The film was later dubbed and released in Tamil with the same title.

Anjali Devi
Anjali Devi (pronunciationⓘ 24 August 1927 – 13 January 2014) was an Indian actress, model and producer in Telugu and Tamil films. She was well known for her role as the Devi Sita in Lava Kusa as well as for the title roles in movies like Chenchu Lakshmi, Suvarna Sundari and Anarkali.
Walter E. Whitcomb
Walter E. Whitcomb is a Maine politician and farmer. A Republican, Whitcomb was a member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1984 to 1996, including stints as Assistant Minority Leader (1990 to 1994) and Minority Leader (1994 to 1996). Since January 2011, Whitcomb has served as  Commissioner of the Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Resources in Governor Paul LePage's Administration. A resident of Waldo, Maine, he owns a 400 head farm called Springdale Jerseys.

Maine Republican Party
The Maine Republican Party is an affiliate of the United States Republican Party in Maine. It was founded in Strong, Maine, on August 7, 1854. The party currently does not control the governor's office or either chamber of the Maine Legislature, nor either of Maine's two U.S. House. The only federal elected office that the party controls is one of Maine's two U.S. Senate seats, currently held by Susan Collins.
Mount Disappointment (Australia)
Mount Disappointment is an 800-metre (2,600 ft) mountain located on the southern end of the Great Dividing Range, 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) north of Whittlesea and 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. It was named by explorers Hume and Hovell in 1824, and is now a popular hiking spot.

Mount Disappointment is the main water source of the Yan Yean Reservoir, which is in turn one of the major water supply reserves of Melbourne.

Yan Yean Reservoir
Yan Yean Reservoir is the oldest water supply for the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. At the time of its completion in 1857 it was the largest artificial reservoir in the world. It is 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the city within the eponymous locality of Yan Yean, and is built on the Plenty River, a tributary of the Yarra River. An embankment 9.5 metres (31 ft) high holds back 30,000 ML (1.1 billion cu ft) of water.

The reservoir is managed by Melbourne Water as part of the water supply system for Melbourne.
Albanian American Organization Chameria
Note: This page is about the organization established in the United States, for the other Cham Albanian association, with center in Albania, see National Political Association "Çamëria"

Albanian American Organization Chameria (A.A.O.C) (Albanian: Organizata Shqiptaro-Amerikane Çamëria) is a Non Governmental Organization, based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, which works and conducts research for the rights of and the issues of Cham Albanians who are American citizens.

Cham Albanian dialect
The Cham Albanian dialect (Albanian: Çamërisht or Dialekti çam), also called Cham Tosk or Arvanitika, is the dialect of the Albanian language spoken by the Cham Albanians, an Albanian ethnic sub-group native to the region of Chameria in southern Albania and northwestern Greece.
Lycée Franco-Costaricien
The Benemérito Lycée Franco-Costaricien (Spanish: Benemérito Liceo Franco-Costarricense) is a French international school in Sánchez District, Curridabat, San José Province, Costa Rica. It serves levels until the final year of senior high school, terminale.

In the year 2023, it was named Institución Benemérita de la Educación y la Cultura Costarricense, by the law 10355

Curridabat (canton)
Curridabat is the eighteenth canton in the San José province of Costa Rica. The head city the homonymous Curridabat. The canton forms a suburb of the national capital of San José, lying on the southeast edge of the city.
Mind Association
The Mind Association is a philosophical society whose purpose is to promote the study of philosophy. The association publishes the journal Mind quarterly.

It was established in 1900 on the death of Henry Sidgwick, who had supported Mind financially since 1891 and had suggested that after his death the society should be formed to oversee the journal.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Fred Lonberg-Holm
Fred Lonberg-Holm (born 1 October 1962) is an American cellist based in Chicago. He moved from New York City to Chicago in 1995. He refers to himself as the anti-cellist.

Lonberg-Holm is most identified with playing free improvisation and free jazz. He is also a composer of concert works.  As a session musician and arranger, he is credited on rock, pop, and country records.

Anthony Coleman
Anthony Coleman (born August 30, 1955) is an American composer and avant-garde jazz pianist. During the 1980s and 1990s he worked with John Zorn on Cobra, Kristallnacht, The Big Gundown, Archery, and Spillane and helped push modern Jewish music into the 21st century.
Gregory Infante
Gregory Alexander Infante (born July 10, 1987) is a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher for the Delfines de La Guaira of the Venezuelan Major League. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox.

Venezuelans
Venezuelans (Spanish: venezolanos) are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of their Venezuelan citizenship or their bond to Venezuela.

Venezuela is a diverse and multilingual country, home to a melting pot of people of distinct origins. As a result, many Venezuelans do not regard their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship or allegiance. From the 1820s to 1930s Venezuela received 2.1 million European immigrants, the third most in Latin America, behind Argentina and Brazil.
Bounnhang Vorachit
Bounnhang Vorachit (Lao: ບຸນຍັງ ວໍລະຈິດ; born 15 August 1937) is a Laotian politician. He was previously General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and President of Laos from 2016 to 2021.

General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party is the highest-ranking member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). Since the party's victory in the Laotian Civil War in 1975, the General Secretary has been the supreme leader of Laos.  The General Secretary is also the Chairman of the Defence and Public Security Commission, the commander-in-chief of the Lao People's Armed Forces. From 1991 to 2006, the office was titled Chairman of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. The Party's Central Committee elects the General Secretary.

For most of the time since 1998, the General Secretary has also served as President of Laos, though from 1975 to 1991 and from 1992 to 1998 he was usually Prime Minister.
Fungicide use in the United States
This article summarizes different crops, what common fungal problems they have, and how fungicide should be used in order to mitigate damage and crop loss. This page also covers how specific fungal infections affect crops present in the United States.

Canker
A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather (via frost or windstorm damage) and animal damage can also cause stress to the plant resulting in cankers. Other causes of cankers is pruning when the bark is wet or using un-sterilized tools.

Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease.
Bebinca
Bebinca or bebinka, (Konkani; bibik) is a layer cake of Indo-Portuguese cuisine in former Estado da Índia Portuguesa, Goa. In traditional baking, a bebinca has between 7 and 16 layers, but bakeries can modify the cake recipe as per convenience and taste. It is especially popular during the Christmas season, but is available all year round due to tourism in Goa. It is also easily available to carry and preserve for a long time or eaten fresh.

Bebinca was also adopted as a typhoon name in the northwestern Pacific Ocean by Macao which in Macanese means "pudding" or "cake" in general.There is also a Cochinite version Bebinca of which uses Nendran banana for its preparation and is prepared by the Luso Indian community in Kochi especially for Consoada.

Bakery
A bakery (also known as a bakehouse, baker's shop or bake shop) is an establishment that produces and sells flour-based baked goods made in an oven such as bread, cookies, cakes, doughnuts, bagels, pastries, and pies. Some retail bakeries are also categorized as cafés, serving coffee and tea to customers who wish to consume the baked goods on the premises. In some countries, a distinction is made between bakeries, which primarily sell breads, and pâtisseries, which primarily sell sweet baked goods.
Daliu
Daliu (大柳 unless otherwise noted) could refer to the following locations in China:

Daliu, Anhui, town in Nanqiao District, Chuzhou

Daliu, Henan (大刘镇), town in Yuanhui District, Luohe

Daliu, Shandong, town in Ningjin County

Daliu Township, Gansu, in Liangzhou District, Weiwu

Daliu Township, Hubei, in Yunyang District, Shiyan, Hubei

Liangzhou, Wuwei
Liangzhou District (simplified Chinese: 凉州区; traditional Chinese: 涼州區; pinyin: Liángzhōu Qū) is a district and the seat of the city of Wuwei, Gansu province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the east.
Herrod
Herrod is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Herrod (1866−1918), English footballer

Christopher Herrod (born 1965), American politician

Darryl Herrod (born 1945), Australian rules footballer

Jeff Herrod (born 1966), American football player

Chris Herrod
Christopher N. Herrod (born August 31, 1965) is a real estate developer and politician from Provo. He was a Republican member of the Utah House of Representatives representing the 62nd district from 2007 to 2012. He was an unsuccessful candidate to replace Jason Chaffetz in the 2017 Utah's 3rd congressional district special election.

In 2016, he ran for the Utah State Senate District 16 seat against incumbent Curt Bramble, he was defeated in the primary.

Herrod was a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), serving as Utah state leader.
Fort l'Écluse
Fort l'Écluse, or the Fort de l'Écluse, is a military fort in Léaz, Ain, close to Collonges in Eastern France. It commands the Rhône Valley as a natural entrance into France from Switzerland between the Vuache and the Jura Mountains.

The fort, which was established by a Duke of Savoy, was completed by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban during the reign of King Louis XIV. It was destroyed by the Austrians in 1815, but rebuilt by the French; at the same time it was considerably strengthened and heightened. The high-road intersects a portion of this fortification.

Vuache
The Vuache is a range of hills in eastern France, close to the border with Switzerland (the nearest city is in fact Geneva). To the north lies the Jura and to the south the Alps.

At their northern end, the hills drop steeply down to the River Rhône. The Vuache Tunnel, carrying the A40 Geneva to Lyon motorway, cuts through the hills.

The oak woodlands along the northwest edge of the Vuache support very high densities of western Bonelli's warblers, and Eurasian eagle owl nest on the cliffs here.
Gerald E. Marsh
Gerald E. Marsh is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory, who has worked and published widely in the areas of science, nuclear power, and foreign affairs.

Marsh was a consultant to the U.S. Department of Defense on strategic nuclear technology and policy in the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations, and served with the U.S. START delegation in Geneva.

Marsh was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after he was nominated by their Forum on Physics and Society  in 1995, for more than fifteen years of technical-policy contributions to nuclear arms control issues, including the comprehensive test ban, strategic defense, nuclear-naval strategy, and information-security reform, all in addition to contributions in various areas of theoretical and applied physics.

Strategic nuclear weapon
A strategic nuclear weapon (SNW) is a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on targets often in settled territory far from the battlefield as part of a strategic plan, such as military bases, military command centers, arms industries, transportation, economic, and energy infrastructure, and countervalue targets such areas such as cities and towns. It is in contrast to a tactical nuclear weapon, which is designed for use in battle as part of an attack with and often near friendly conventional forces, possibly on contested friendly territory. As of 2026, strategic nuclear weapons have been used twice in the 1945 United States bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Valentin Feurstein
Valentin Feurstein (1 January 1885 – 8 June 1970) was an Austrian military officer who served in the Austrian and German armies.

Feurstein joined the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1907, he served in World War I and in the Austrian Bundesheer in the 1930s. He was commander of 3rd Division (stationed in St. Pölten). After the Anschluss and the incorporation of the Bundesheer into it, Feurstein served as a general in the Wehrmacht.

He commanded the 2nd Mountain Division during Fall Weiss and during the Norwegian Campaign. In 1941, he was promoted to full general of mountain troops (Gen.d.Geb.Tr.). He also served on the Italian front in 1943.

Feurstein was city commander of Bregenz in 1945 and tried to declare Bregenz a non-combat zone.

Valentin Feurstein died on 8 June 1970.

Fall Weiss
Fall Weiss ("Case White", "Plan White"; German spelling Fall Weiß) was the German strategic plan for the invasion of Poland. The German military High Command finalized its operational orders on 15 June 1939 and the invasion commenced on 1 September, precipitating World War II.
United States Space Force Honor Guard
The United States Space Force Honor Guard is the official ceremonial unit of the United States Space Force and is assigned to Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling, Washington D.C. The Honor Guard's primary mission is to represent the U.S. Space Force at all public and official ceremonies within the National Capital Region and abroad when directed by the Military District of Washington.

Capital region
A capital region, also called a capital district or capital territory, is a region or district surrounding the country's capital city. It is not always the official term for the region, but may sometimes be used as an informal synonym. Capital regions can exist for either national or subnational capitals.
Extracting the Core
Extracting the Core is Martyr's only live album. It was recorded in Summer 2001 in Rouyn-Noranda, Canada and was released by Skyscraper Music. The album came in a multimedia disk which contained the songs, live photos, and videos.

Rouyn-Noranda
Rouyn-Noranda (French pronunciation: [ʁwɛ̃ nɔʁɑ̃da]; 2021 population 42,313) is a city on Osisko Lake in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada.

The city of Rouyn-Noranda is  coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec of the same name. Their geographical code is 86.
Samuel Sidney Harrell
Samuel Sidney Harrell (January 18, 1838 – April 26, 1903) was a prominent member of the Franklin County, Indiana bar. He practiced law in Brookville, Indiana from 1861 until within a few months of his death in 1903. He taught school in his earlier years, but later took up the study of law, and devoted his whole active career to this profession. He served as prosecuting attorney, clerk of the circuit court of his county and spent several years in the Indiana Legislature as a member from Franklin County.

Brookville, Indiana
Brookville is a town in Brookville Township, Franklin County, Indiana, United States. The town is the county seat of and the largest community entirely within Franklin County. The population was 2,622 at the 2020 census.
Potlatch ban
The potlatch ban was legislation forbidding the practice of the potlatch passed by the Government of Canada, begun in 1885 and lasting until 1951.

Some first Nations saw the law as an instrument of intolerance and injustice, seeing it as an effort by  the Canadian government to extinguish their indigenous traditions and enforce Euro-Canadian culture. Some first Nation groups however, supported the bans.

Though often ignored and circumvented, the ban remained in Canadian legal codes until 1951, when Section 149 was deleted from a revision of the Indian Act. Arrests for charges under the Act were few until 1921, when a raid on the village of Memkumlis held by Chief Dan Cranmer saw the arrest and charges laid against 45 people; of these 22 were given suspended sentences (three were remanded on appeal) and 20 men and women sent to Oakalla Prison in Burnaby. The sentences were two months for first offenders and three months for second offenders.

Memkumlis
Memkumlis or, officially Meem Quam Leese, Memkoomlish, Memqumlis, ʼmimkumlis or Miʼmkwamlis, commonly known as Mamalilaculla,  which is actually the name of the subgroup of the Kwakwakaʼwakw whose home it is, is located on the west side of Village Island in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia.

The village is on Mahmalillikullah Indian Reserve No. 1 on Eliot Passage, which was created in 1886.  The name means "village with rocks and islands out front", or as translated by famous chief and carver Mungo Martin, "group of little islands" and by Franz Boas as "round things [islands] in front at beach".
Anna Chromy
Anna Chromy (18 July 1940 – 18 September 2021) was a Czech-German painter and sculptor. At the end of World War II, Chromy's family was expelled from Czechoslovakia to Vienna, Austria. Her family did not have enough money for her to attend art school however, so only after she married and moved to Paris was it possible. She received her education at the École des Beaux-Arts. It was here she realised an interest in Salvador Dalí and other surrealists, and began using the soft colours of William Turner in her paintings.

A life-threatening accident in 1992 meant that Chromy was unable to paint for eight years. She turned her attention to sculpture using bronze and marble as her media.

Pietrasanta
Pietrasanta is a town and comune on the coast of northern Tuscany in Italy, in the province of Lucca. Pietrasanta is part of Versilia, on the last foothills of the Apuan Alps, about 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of Pisa. The town is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi)  off the coast, where the frazione of Marina di Pietrasanta is located.

It is situated on the main road and rail link from Pisa to Genova, just north of Viareggio.
Football League of Europe
The Football League of Europe (FLE) was a European American football league. It was founded in 1994, renamed 1995 in American Football League of Europe (AFLE) and dissolved after the 1995 season because of the ongoing financial problems. The trophy given annually to the FLE champions was the Jim Thorpe Trophy.

German Football League
The German Football League (GFL) is a professional American football league in Germany. The league was formed in 1979. In 1999, the league changed to its current name from American-Football-Bundesliga. Rules are based on American NCAA rules.

In terms of attendance figures, cumulative salaries paid by teams, performance in international exhibition games and competitions and ability to draw foreign talent, the GFL is generally considered the most competitive national league in Europe.
Moujiya (video game)
Moujiya or Ryougae Puzzle Mouja is a falling blocks puzzle video game from Fujitsu Pasocom Systems, the consumer software division of Fujitsu. Initially developed for computers running Windows 3.11 and above, it later got made into an arcade video game, which itself was ported to popular home consoles of the time.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).