hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph L. Mayer
Joseph L. Mayer (c. 1875 − 1 December 1933) was an American chemist.

He worked as chief chemist for the Hegeman Company, the Riker-Hegeman Company, and the Louis K. Liggett Company. He was born in New York City, and had two sisters, Dora and Hannah, and a brother, Fred. He never married. He studied at the New York College of Pharmacy, and then obtained his doctorate in pharmacy at the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, where he later taught, ultimately becoming Professor of Analytical Chemistry there. His first job as a pharmacist was as a drug clerk for Benjamin Rosenzweig.

He worked on the 1920 revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia. His scientific articles appeared in the Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, and elsewhere. He also lectured on Shakespearean drama. He died on 1 December 1933.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association
The Journal of the American Pharmacists Association is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering pharmacy-related topics. It was established in 1912,  published as Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association with slightly varying title until  1977,  as American Pharmacist  (1978 – 1996), then again as the Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association  (1996 –  2002); it obtained   its current title in 2003, and is the official journal of the American Pharmacists Association  (the scientific journal of the association is the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences).  The current editor-in-chief is Pamela Heaton, PhD, BSPharm, MS (University of Cincinnati).
International Conference of Reformed Churches
The International Conference of Reformed Churches (ICRC) is a federation of Reformed or Calvinist churches around the world. The ICRC convenes international meetings every four years.

The ICRC was founded in 1981 at Groningen in the Netherlands.

The theology of the ICRC is more conservative than the larger World Communion of Reformed Churches and is similar to that of the World Reformed Fellowship. The participating churches endorse the four Reformed confessions: the Heidelberg Catechism, Belgic Confession, Canons of Dort, and Westminster Confession of Faith.

In 2023, the moderator of the ICRC is Reverend Dr Dick Moes.

Heidelberg Catechism
The Heidelberg Catechism (1563), one of the Three Forms of Unity, is a Reformed catechism taking the form of a series of questions and answers for use in teaching Reformed Christian doctrine. It was published in 1563 in Heidelberg, Germany.: 230  Its original title translates to Catechism, or Christian Instruction, according to the Usages of the Churches and Schools of the Electoral Palatinate. Commissioned by the prince-elector of the Electoral Palatinate, it is sometimes referred to as the 'Palatinate Catechism.' It has been translated into many languages and is regarded as one of the most influential of the Reformed catechisms. Today, the Catechism is "probably the most frequently read Reformed confessional text worldwide".: 13
Eric Ormsby
Eric Linn Ormsby (born 1941 in Atlanta, Georgia) is deputy head of academic research and publications at the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London. He was formerly a professor at McGill University Institute of Islamic Studies, where he also served as director. He has published widely on Islamic thought, including Theodicy in Islamic Thought (1984).

Ormsby has had six collections of poetry published, including Bavarian Shrine and Other Poems (1990), which won a Quebec prize for the best poetry of that year. His poems have been published in The New Yorker and The Paris Review, and have been anthologized in The Norton Anthology of Poetry.

McGill University Institute of Islamic Studies
The McGill University Institute of Islamic Studies and the Islamic Studies Library were established in 1952 by Wilfred Cantwell Smith, and since 1983 both have been housed in Morrice Hall on McGill's campus in downtown Montreal, Quebec. McGill's institute is the first institute of Islamic studies in North America and hosts 14 full-time professors, 5 visiting positions and 5 professors emeritus.
Uranoceras
Uranoceras is a barrandeocerid genus from the Middle Silurian belonging to the family Uranoceratidae, characterized by  its loosely coiled, gyroconic shell of 1.5 to 2 subquadrate whorls.

The shell of Uranoceras is typically smooth but may have growth lines that form a hyponomic sinus on the venter. The Siphuncle is large, displaced slightly ventral from the center.  Septal necks are straight; connecting rings cylindrical,  thin, and strongly contracted where they meet the necks.

Uranoceras has been found in Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin in the United States; Anticosti Island in Canada; and in both central and northern Europe.

Anticosti Island
Anticosti (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃tikɔsti]) is an island located between the Jacques Cartier and Honguedo Straits, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in L'Île-d'Anticosti (Municipality), Minganie MRC, Côte-Nord, Quebec, Canada.
Radju Malta 2
Radio Malta 2 (Maltese: Radju Malta 2) is a radio station in Malta. It is owned and operated by the Public Broadcasting Services of Malta.

Broadcasting on 105.9 FM across the Maltese islands, it provides music programmes as well as cultural, scientific, artistic, environmental and educational focused programmes.

Live coverage of debates in the Maltese Parliament are also broadcast.

It previously operated under the names: Buzz FM, TEN-66 FM, Radju Parlament and Maltin Biss.

Former Radio Malta 2 logo, previously known as Maltin Biss

Former logo used from 2011 to 2024

Parliament of Malta
The Parliament of Malta (Maltese: Il-Parlament ta' Malta) is the constitutional legislative body in Malta, located in Valletta. The parliament is unicameral, with a democratically elected House of Representatives and the president of Malta. By constitutional law, all government ministers, including the prime minister, must be members of the House of Representatives.

Between 1921 and 1933 the Parliament was bicameral, consisting of a Senate (Senat) as well as a Legislative Assembly (Assemblea Leġiżlattiva).
Nick Nemeroff
Nick Nemeroff (December 28, 1989 – June 27, 2022) was a Canadian stand-up comedian. He was most noted for his 2020 comedy album The Pursuit of Comedy Has Ruined My Life, which was a Juno Award nominee for Comedy Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2021.

Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year
The Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year is awarded as recognition for the best Canadian comedy album released in the previous year. Irregularly presented from 1979 to 1984, the award was then discontinued until the Juno Awards announced in 2017 that they would revive the category for the Juno Awards of 2018.
Robert Cushing (sculptor)
Robert Cushing (1841 – 11 March 1896) was a prominent Irish sculptor, active in the United States in the second half of the 19th century. According to The New York Times, his most striking work was a statue of John Christopher Drumgoole in New York City.

Lafayette Street
Lafayette Street (/ˌlæfiˈɛt, ˌlɑːf-/ LA(H)-F-ee-ET) is a major north–south street in  Lower Manhattan, New York City. It originates at the intersection of Reade Street and Centre Street, one block north of Chambers Street. The one-way street then successively runs through Chinatown, Little Italy, NoLIta, and NoHo and finally, between East 9th and East 10th streets, merges with Fourth Avenue.  A buffered bike lane runs outside the left traffic lane. North of Spring Street, Lafayette Street is northbound (uptown)-only; south of Spring Street, Lafayette is southbound (downtown)-only.

The street is named after the Marquis de Lafayette, a French hero of the American Revolutionary War.
Action at Bir el Gubi
There were two military actions at  Bir el Gubi in World War II, both fought in late 1941 during Operation Crusader. These occurred in North Africa, in Libya, in and around a crossroads called Bir el Gubi.

Action at Bir el Gubi (November 1941), also known as "first battle of Bir el Gubi", a clash between the British 22 Armoured Brigade and the Italian Ariete Division on 19 November 1941

Action at Bir el Gubi (December 1941), also known as "second battle of Bir el Gubi", a clash between units of the British XXX Corps and Axis units on 4 – 7 December 1941

Action at Bir el Gubi (December 1941)
The Action at Bir el Gubi (December 1941) was fought in World War II in Libya, between 4 and 6 December 1941, by the Battalion Group "Giovani Fascisti", a unit of the Royal Italian Army, and the 11th Indian Infantry Brigade, part of the British Indian Army. Fighting centred on two positions, Point 174 and Point 182, which were being held by the Giovani Fascisti. The attacking 11th Indian Brigade quickly overran Point 182, but the defenders of Point 174 successfully fought off a series of assaults, inflicting heavy casualties. The Italian position was later re-enforced by German armour. While the action is viewed as a success for the defending Italians, it was a relatively small engagement within a much larger battle, Operation Crusader, which was a major Allied victory.
Dietrich Klagges
Dietrich Klagges (German pronunciation: [ˈdiːtʁɪç ˈklaɡəs]; 1 February 1891 – 12 November 1971) was German politician of the Nazi Party who from 1933 to 1945 was the Ministerpräsident of the Free State of Brunswick. He also went by the pseudonym Rudolf Berg. Klagges is best known for obtaining German citizenship for Adolf Hitler in 1932, thereby making him eligible to run for political office.  He was responsible for the persecution of Jews and Social Democratic opponents in Brunswick, resulting in imprisonments and deaths. He was also an SS-Obergruppenführer. Following the end of the Second World War, Klagges was arrested and stood  trial for his crimes; he was convicted, imprisoned and released in 1957.

Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non-federal matters.

The States of Germany and Austria are governed by Landtage. In addition, the legislature of the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol is known in German as a Landtag. Historically, states of the German Confederation also established Landtage. The Landtag of Liechtenstein is the nation's unicameral assembly.
Raufoss
Raufoss is a town in Vestre Toten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the larger town of Gjøvik. The town is located along the municipal border with the neighboring Gjøvik Municipality and the actual urban area of Raufoss does cross the border slightly, including a small part of Gjøvik as well (as defined by Statistics Norway).

The 7.12-square-kilometre (1,760-acre) town had a population (2022) of 7,918 and a population density of 1,112 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,880/sq mi). Since 2022, the population and area data for this town area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway and instead it has been considered part of the urban area for the town of Gjøvik.

The village of Raufoss was given town status in 2019.

Gjøvik Municipality
Gjøvik (Gjøvikⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Gjøvik. Some of the villages in Gjøvik include Biri, Bybrua, Hunndalen, Snertingdal, and Vardal.

The 671-square-kilometre (259 sq mi) municipality is the 169th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gjøvik Municipality is the 35th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 31,175. The municipality's population density is 46.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.2% over the previous 10-year period.
2007 East West Bank Classic – Singles
Elena Dementieva was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the quarterfinals by Maria Sharapova.

Ana Ivanovic won in the final 7–5, 6–4, against Nadia Petrova, despite being two match points down in the third set of the semifinals against Jelena Janković. It was her second title of the year and her fourth overall.

Jelena Janković
Jelena Janković (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Јанковић, Serbian pronunciation: [jělena jǎːŋkoʋitɕ]; born 28 February 1985) is a Serbian former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 18 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 2008. Janković won 15 WTA Tour-level singles titles and two doubles titles, including the 2007 Wimbledon mixed-doubles title partnering Jamie Murray. Her career-best major performance in singles was a runner-up finish at the 2008 US Open.
Les Lowther
Lester Daniel Lowther (November 10, 1892 – February 21, 1974) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player from Amherst, Nova Scotia, playing the centre forward position. He played with the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association during the 1914–15 season. He also played for various teams in the Maritimes in a career that span from 1909 to 1925.

Amherst, Nova Scotia
Amherst (/ˈæmɜːrst/ AM-urst) is a town in northwestern Nova Scotia, Canada, located at the northeast end of the Cumberland Basin, an arm of the Bay of Fundy, and 22 km (14 mi) south of the Northumberland Strait. The town sits on a height of land at the eastern boundary of the Isthmus of Chignecto and Tantramar Marshes, 3 km (1.9 mi) east of the interprovincial border with New Brunswick and 65 km (40 mi) southeast of the city of Moncton.  It is 60 km (37 mi) southwest of the New Brunswick abutment of the Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island at Cape Jourimain.
Fern Ridge, Langley
Fern Ridge is a neighbourhood of Langley, British Columbia. It is located in the southwestern area of Langley Township, near Campbell Valley Regional Park. 200th Street, or Carvolth Road, runs south through Fern Ridge, and TransLink provides hourly bus service during daylight hours to Langley City. There is one church in the community, a Mennonite church.

Campbell Valley Regional Park
Campbell Valley Regional Park is a regional park in the Township of Langley, maintained by the Metro Vancouver Regional Parks board. The park is formed from 6 historical farm plots, with portions set aside for the Langley Tree Farm and scout Camp McLean. It contains a vast number of hiking, walking and equestrian trails as well as function facilities such as picnic shelters. The park is also the location of the Metro Vancouver Regional Parks East Area offices, located at the northwest corner of the park. The Campbell River crosses through the park.

As of 2019 the park comprised a total area of 1,352 acres.
George Lavis
George Lavis (17 August 1908 – 29 July 1956) was a Welsh cricketer active from 1928 to 1950 who played for Glamorgan. He was born in Monmouth and died in Pontypool. He appeared in 206 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium fast. He scored 4,961 runs with a highest score of 154 among three centuries and took 156 wickets with a best performance of four for 55.

Wicket
In the sport of cricket, the term wicket has several meanings:

It is either of the two sets of three stumps and two bails at each end of the pitch. The fielding team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter out. 
The wicket is guarded by a batter who, with their bat (and sometimes with their pads, but see the laws on LBW, leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be bowled) and to score runs where possible.

Through metonymic usage, the dismissal of a batter is known as the taking of a wicket.

The cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to as the wicket.
Welcome to F.L.
Welcome to F.L. (French: Bienvenue à F.L.) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Geneviève Dulude-De Celles and released in 2015. The film profiles the students of École secondaire Fernand-Lefebvre in Sorel-Tracy, Quebec, as they embark on an art project to beautify their school, and features them discussing their perspectives on issues, such as bullying and peer pressure, that are endemic to student environments.

The film premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film received two Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016, for Best Cinematography in a Documentary (Léna Mill-Reuillard and Étienne Roussy) and Best Editing in a Documentary (Emmanuelle Lane).

Étienne Roussy
Étienne Roussy is a Canadian cinematographer. He is most noted for his work on the film Gulîstan, Land of Roses (Gulîstan, terre de roses), for which he won the Prix Iris for Best Cinematography in a Documentary at the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2017.

He has also been a three-time Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Cinematography in a Documentary.

He is an alumnus of the Université du Québec à Montréal.
Minuscule 693
Minuscule 693 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε1388 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener labelled it by 597e.

Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (29 September 1813 – 30 October 1891) was an English writer and scholar. Additionally, he was a New Testament textual critic and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible. He was prebendary of Exeter, and vicar of Hendon.
Hatch (film)
Hatch is a Canadian short drama film, written and directed by Alireza Kazemipour and Panta Mosleh, and released in 2024. The film stars Ali Eldurssi as Naaji, a young Afghan boy travelling with his mother Robaba (Aixa Kay) in the empty water tank of a truck in an attempt to escape Afghanistan.

The cast also includes Helena Marie, Craig March, Araz Yaghoubi, Daniella Eldurssi, Thomas Cadrot, Hani Mefti, Victor Dolhai and Ashley O'Connell.

The film premiered at the 2024 Vancouver International Film Festival.

Water tank
A water tank is a container used for storing water for many applications, including drinking water supply, irrigation, fire suppression, farming (for both plants and livestock), chemical manufacturing and food preparation. Water tank parameters include the general design of the tank, and choice of construction materials, linings. Various materials are used for making a water tank: plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene), fiberglass, concrete, stone, steel (welded or bolted, carbon, or stainless). Earthen pots, such as matki used in South Asia, can also be used for water storage. Water tanks are an efficient way to help developing countries to store clean water.
Mirror stage
The mirror stage (French: stade du miroir) is a concept in the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan. The mirror stage is based on the belief that infants recognize themselves in a mirror (literal) or other symbolic contraption which induces apperception (the turning of oneself into an object that can be viewed by the child from outside themselves) from the age of about six months.

Initially, Lacan proposed that the mirror stage was part of an infant's development from 6 to 18 months, as outlined at the Fourteenth International Psychoanalytical Congress at Marienbad in 1936. By the early 1950s, Lacan's concept of the mirror stage had evolved: he no longer considered the mirror stage as a moment in the life of the infant, but as representing a permanent structure of subjectivity, or as the paradigm of "Imaginary order". This evolution in Lacan's thinking becomes clear in his later essay titled "The Subversion of the Subject and the Dialectic of Desire".

Mariánské Lázně
Mariánské Lázně (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarɪjaːnskɛː ˈlaːzɲɛ]; German: Marienbad) is a spa town in Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. Most of the town's buildings come from its Golden Era in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

The town centre with the spa cultural landscape is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation. In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe" because of its springs and architectural testimony to the popularity of spa towns in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries.
2022 Boston Red Sox season
The 2022 Boston Red Sox season was the 122nd season in Boston Red Sox franchise history, and their 111th season at Fenway Park. The team was led by Alex Cora, in the second season of his second stint as the team's manager. The team finished with a record of 78–84, in fifth and last place of the American League East division. Total attendance (at the team's 81 home games) was 2,625,089, an average of 32,409 per game.

Doubleheader (baseball)
In the sport of baseball, a doubleheader is a set of two games played between the same two teams on the same day. Historically, doubleheaders have been played in immediate succession, in front of the same crowd. Contemporarily, the term is also used to refer to two games played between two teams in a single day in front of different crowds and not in immediate succession.

The record for the most doubleheaders played by a major-league team in one season is 44 by the Chicago White Sox in 1943. Between September 4 and September 15, 1928, the Boston Braves played nine consecutive doubleheaders – 18 games in 12 days.
Ecclesiastical differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Several differences exist within the organizational structures and governance of the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. These are distinguished from theological differences which are differences in dogma and doctrine. A number of disagreements over matters of ecclesiology developed slowly between the Western and Eastern wings of the State church of the Roman Empire centered upon the cities of Rome (considered to have fallen in 476) and New Rome/Constantinople (also considered to have "fallen" in 1453) respectively. The disputes were a major factor in the formal East-West Schism between Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael I in 1054 and are largely still unresolved between the churches today.

Michael I Cerularius
Michael I of Constantinople (Cerularius or Keroularios; Greek: Μιχαὴλ Κηρουλάριος, romanized: Mikhaḗl Keroulários; c. 1000 – 21 January 1059) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1043 to 1059. His disputes with Pope Leo IX over church practices in the 11th century played a role in the events that led to the Great Schism in 1054.
2023 Țiriac Foundation Trophy – Singles
Astra Sharma won the title, defeating Sara Errani in the final, 0–6, 7–5, 6–2.

This was the second edition of the tournament as a WTA 125. Irina-Camelia Begu was the reigning champion but chose not to participate.

Darya Astakhova
Darya Igorevna Astakhova (born 26 January 2002) is a Russian tennis player.

Astakhova has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of world No. 181, achieved on 20 March 2023, and a best WTA doubles ranking of No. 137, achieved on 16 January 2023.

She won her first WTA 125 title at the 2022 Iași Open, in the doubles draw, partnering with Andreea Roșca.