hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wesleyan Philosophical Society
The Wesleyan Philosophical Society (WPS) is an academic society largely represented by academic institutions affiliated with Christian denominations in the Wesleyan tradition. Despite its primarily Wesleyan orientation, there has been increasing participation from scholars in Catholic, Orthodox, and other Protestant (such as Lutheran and Pentecostal) traditions. Likewise, there are no formal doctrinal or affiliational requirements for membership in the society or participation (including as a presenter) at its conferences. Anyone with an interest in philosophical subjects pertaining to conference themes (broadly construed) is welcome to attend, regardless of his or her personal theological orientation or affiliation.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Zvyozdochka, Sakha Republic
Zvyozdochka (Russian: Звёздочка; Yakut: Звёздочка, romanized: Zvyozdoçka, literally meaning little star) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Ust-Maysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 267 kilometers (166 mi) from Ust-Maya, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 408.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Tagota language
Tagota may be:

A dialect of the Meriam language, the language of the people of the small islands of Mer (Murray Island), Waier and Dauar, Erub (Darnley Island), and Ugar (Stephens Island) in the eastern Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia; the only Papuan language on Australian territory

The Were language or Kiunum, a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea

Meriam language
Meriam (Meriam Mir: Meriam Mìr; also Miriam, Meryam, Mer, Mir, Miriam-Mir, etc. and Eastern, Isten, Esten and Able Able) or the Eastern Torres Strait language is the language of the people of the small islands of Mer (Murray Island), Waier and Dauar, Erub (Darnley Island), and Ugar (Stephens Island) in the eastern Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. In the Western Torres Strait language, Kalaw Lagaw Ya, it is called Mœyam or Mœyamau Ya. It is the only Papuan language in Australian territory.
San Gabriele dell'Addolorata
San Gabriele dell'Addolorata is a church located in the Don Bosco district of Rome. In 2015, Pope Francis created this church as the seat of cardinalatial title Sancti Gabrieli Aperdolentis. It is dedicated to Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows (1838–1862).

Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows
Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows (born Francesco Possenti 1 March 1838 – 27 February 1862) was an Italian Passionist seminarian. Born to a professional family, he gave up ambitions of a secular career to enter the Passionist congregation. His life in the monastery was not extraordinary, yet he followed the rule of the congregation perfectly and was known for his great devotion to the sorrows of the Virgin Mary. He died from tuberculosis at the age of 23 in Isola del Gran Sasso, in the province of Teramo. He was canonized by Pope Benedict XV in 1920.
Communauté d'agglomération Bourges Plus
The Communauté d'agglomération Bourges Plus is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Bourges. It is located in the Cher department, in the Centre-Val de Loire region, central France. It was created 21 October 2002. Its area is 417.3 km2. Its population was 102,679 in 2018, of which 64,668 in Bourges proper.

Cher (department)
Cher (/ʃɛər/ SHAIR; French: [ʃɛʁ] ⓘ; Berrichon: Char) is a department in central France, part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Named after the river Cher, its prefecture is Bourges. In 2019, it had a population of 302,306.
Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn
Ian Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn, CBE (1 January 1942 – 4 August 2024), commonly known as Anthony Hamilton-Smith, was a British peer, politician and dentist.

He was one of 90 hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the House of Lords Act 1999, sitting as a Conservative.

He retired from the House of Lords on 21 July 2022.

House of Lords Act 1999
The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The act was given royal assent on 11 November 1999. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats (hereditary peers); the act removed such a right. However, as part of a compromise, the act allowed ninety-two hereditary peers to remain in the House. Another ten were created life peers to enable them to remain in the House.

The act decreased the membership of the House from 1,330 in October 1999 to 669 in March 2000. As another result of the act, the majority of the Lords were thence life peers, whose numbers had been gradually increasing since the Life Peerages Act 1958. As of June 2023, there were 848 members of the House of Lords, of whom 24 were senior Church of England bishops, whose representation in the House is governed by the Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015.
Kostyukovka
Kostyukovka (Russian: Костюковка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kostyukovsky Selsoviet of Svobodnensky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 461 as of 2018. There are 7 streets.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Waste collection
Waste collection is a part of the process of waste management. It is the transfer of solid waste from the point of use and disposal to the point of treatment or landfill. Waste collection also includes the curbside collection of recyclable materials that technically are not waste, as part of a municipal landfill diversion program.

Landfill diversion
Waste diversion or landfill diversion is the process of diverting waste from landfills. The success of landfill diversion can be measured by comparison of the size of the landfill from one year to the next. If the landfill grows minimally or remains the same, then policies covering landfill diversion are successful. For example, currently in the United States there are 3000 landfills. A measure of the success of landfill diversion would be if that number remains the same or is reduced. In 2015 it was recorded that the national average of landfill diversion in the United States was 33.8%, while San Francisco had implemented the most effective policies and had recorded a landfill diversion rate of 77%.
Château Batailley
Château Batailley is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced at the estate was classified as one of eighteen Cinquièmes Crus (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
If I Could Give All My Love (Richard Manuel Is Dead)
"If I Could Give All My Love (Richard Manuel Is Dead)" is a song by American rock band Counting Crows. It is the fourth track on their fourth album, Hard Candy (2002), inspired by the death of the Band member Richard Manuel. When released as a single, it reached number 40 on the Irish Singles Chart, number 50 on the UK Singles Chart, and became a minor chart hit in Australia and the Netherlands. In the United Kingdom, it debuted and peaked at number nine on the UK Rock Chart.

Irish Singles Chart
The Irish Singles Chart is the Republic of Ireland's music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA) and compiled on their behalf by the Official Charts Company. Chart rankings are based on sales, which are compiled through over-the-counter retail data captured electronically each day from retailers' EPOS systems. All major record shops, digital retailers and streaming services contribute to the chart, accounting for over 95% of the market. A new chart is compiled and released to the public by the Irish Recorded Music Association on Friday at noon. Each chart is dated with the "week-ending" date of the previous Thursday (i.e., the day before issue). The singles chart was first published on 1 October 1962, and covered the top ten singles of the previous week by record label shipments.

As of the issue dated 27 February 2026, the current number-one single on the chart is "Rein Me In" by Sam Fender and Olivia Dean.
Tetragonula iridipennis
The Indian stingless bee or dammar bee, Tetragonula iridipennis, is a species of bee belonging to the family Apidae, subfamily Apinae. It was first described by Frederick Smith in 1854 who found the species in what is now the island of Sri Lanka. Many older references erroneously placed this species in Melipona, an unrelated genus from the New World, and until recently it was placed in Trigona, therefore still often mistakenly referred to as Trigona iridipennis. For centuries, colonies of T. iridipennis have been kept in objects such as clay pots so that their highly prized medicinal honey can be utilized.

Apidae
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.
2C-AL
2C-AL is a drug from the substituted phenethylamine family which acts as an agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor, with an EC50 of 2.15 nM at 5-HT2A vs 77.71 nM at 5-HT2B, and produces a head-twitch response in animal studies. It was first discussed as a hypothetical compound in Daniel Trachsel's 2013 review of the field after his successful synthesis of the related compounds 2C-V and 2C-YN, and finally synthesised by a team at Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals in 2020 using a different synthetic route from that employed by Trachsel. It is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Robby Darwis
Robby Darwis (born 30 October 1964) is an Indonesian former professional football player and current coach at Persitara North Jakarta. He is formerly the technical director for PSKC Cimahi, and one of Persib Bandung stars of his generation.

Darwis's position was a defender. In the first season of Liga Indonesia, as captain he brought Persib to championship. Darwis has also played in Malaysia Super League, at Kelantan FA. For Indonesia national football team, he played for 10 years (1987–1997), with 53 caps and 6 goals.

Malaysia Super League
The Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia), known simply as the Super League (Malay: Liga Super), is the men's top professional football division of the Malaysian football league system. Administered by the Football Malaysia Limited Liability Partnership (FMLLP), now known as the Malaysian Football League (MFL), the Malaysia Super League is contested by 13 clubs. Until 2022, it operated on a system of promotion and relegation with the Malaysia Premier League, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated and replaced by the promoted top two teams in that division. It has replaced the former top-tier league, Liga Perdana 1, which ran from 1998 to 2003.

37 clubs have competed since the inception of the Malaysia Super League in 2004, with eight winning the title (Selangor, Kedah Darul Aman, Kelantan, Sri Pahang, Perlis, Negeri Sembilan, LionsXII and Johor Darul Ta'zim). The current champions are Johor Darul Ta'zim, which won their eleventh title in the 2024–25 edition.
Jatta
Jatta or Jåttå is a surname and clan name. The surname originated from Prince Karapha Yalli Jatta son of Mansa Ali Djata Keita son of Mari Djata I establisher of the Mali Empire. Notable people with the surname include:

Alassana Jatta (born 1999), Gambian footballer

Antonio Jatta (1852–1912), Italian politician and lichenologist

Assan Jatta (born 1984), Gambian football striker

Bakery Jatta (born 1998), Gambian footballer

Barbara Jatta (born 1962), Italian art historian

Daniel Laemouahuma Jatta, Jola scholar and musician from Mandinary, Gambia

Fabakary Jatta (born 1947), member of the Pan-African Parliament from the Gambia

Ousman Rambo Jatta (born 1969), the Councilor of Old Bakau in Gambia

Paul Jatta (born 1991), Gambian footballer

Sidia Jatta (born 1945), Gambian politician, academic, and writer

Jatta (novel), fantasy novel for teens with the heroine Princess Jatta 'whose life is not a fairytale'

Assan Jatta
Assan Jatta (born 26 June 1984) is a Gambian football striker. He currently plays for Steve Biko FC in Gambia. He scored twice in seven league appearances in a Mariekerke shirt since switching to the club from local side Steve Biko in the opening stage of the Belgian third tier campaign in 2011, , and has been on the national team of Gambia. In July and August 2008 he joined FC Dallas on a 10-day trial. In July 2009 he joined Columbus Crew SC on trial, but was not signed.

Jatta previously played for Lierse in the Belgian First Division.

In the 2005-2006 season he played in Gambia for club Steve Biko, and then joined Lierse S.K. In Belgian First Division, he was loaned out to Verbroedering Geel-Meerhout. In 2010, he went back home in Gambia to play for Ron Mango FC. He has played twice for the national side.
Cathodoluminescence
Cathodoluminescence is an optical and electromagnetic phenomenon in which electrons impacting on a luminescent material such as a phosphor, cause the emission of photons which may have wavelengths in the visible spectrum. A familiar example is the generation of light by an electron beam scanning the phosphor-coated inner surface of the screen of a television that uses a cathode-ray tube. Cathodoluminescence is the inverse of the photoelectric effect, in which electron emission is induced by irradiation with photons.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Brynica Sucha
Brynica Sucha [brɨˈnit͡sa ˈsuxa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jędrzejów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Jędrzejów and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów County
Jędrzejów County (Polish: powiat jędrzejowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Jędrzejów, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Sędziszów, lying 18 km (11 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and Małogoszcz, 21 km (13 mi) north of Jędrzejów.

The county covers an area of 1,257.17 square kilometres (485.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 84,049, out of which the population of Jędrzejów is 15,076, that of Sędziszów is 6,451, that of Małogoszcz is 3,748, and the rural population is 58,774.
Tofino-Long Beach Airport
Tofino-Long Beach Airport (IATA: YAZ, ICAO: CYAZ) is a non-towered airport that is located within the Pacific Rim National Park Reserve. Immediately adjacent to Long Beach, it is 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) southeast of Tofino, British Columbia, Canada.

It is both a general aviation and commercial airport, used by both private aircraft and seasonal commercial services.

Coastal fog is a common morning phenomenon in the summer, complicating access by air until the weather clears. Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument flight rules (IFR) approaches are available to all runways. Formerly, non-directional beacon (NDB) approaches were possible prior to the decomissioning of the Tofino NDB on March 21st, 2024 . Tofino airport is equipped for night time operations.

Instrument flight rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan.
Harpa (concert hall)
Harpa (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhar̥pa], English: Harp) is a concert hall and conference centre in Reykjavík, Iceland. The opening concert was held on 4 May 2011. The building features a distinctive colored glass façade inspired by the basalt landscape of Iceland.

Vladimir Ashkenazy
Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazy (Russian: Влади́мир Дави́дович Ашкена́зи, tr. Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazi; born 6 July 1937) is a Soviet-born Icelandic pianist, chamber music performer, and conductor. Ashkenazy has collaborated with well-known orchestras and soloists. In addition, he has recorded a large repertoire of classical and romantic works. His recordings have earned him seven Grammy Awards and he has been awarded three stages of Iceland's Order of the Falcon for his overall contribution to music.
Haemanthus carneus
Haemanthus carneus ('carneus': Latin 'flesh-coloured') is a South African bulbous geophyte in the genus Haemanthus. Despite a fairly wide distribution, it has been collected from only a few scattered sites in the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape near Grahamstown and Somerset East, occurring between 300 m and 1200 m above sea level.

The bulbs grow in small clumps in the shelter of trees, bushes and rocks. Their tunics are more or less equal with horizontal leaf-scars. Leaves number two or three, usually flat on the ground, appearing with the flowers or following on soon. Peduncles show quite a variation in length from 100 to 200 mm long.
H. carneus was first described in 1821 by the English botanist John Bellenden Ker Gawler (1764–1842), first editor of Edward's Botanical Register.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Miguel Civil
Miguel Civil (Miquel Civil i Desveus; May 7, 1926 – January 13, 2019) was an American Assyriologist and expert on Sumer and Ancient Mesopotamian studies at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute.  According to his colleague, Christopher Woods, at the time of his death, Civil knew the Sumerian language better than anyone since it was last spoken 4000 years ago.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Loopy Ears
"Loopy Ears" (Петлистые уши, Petli′stye U′shi) is a short story by Nobel Prize-winning Russian author Ivan Bunin which was written in 1917 and gave his posthumous 1954 collection its title. The story was first published in the seventh issue of the Slovo anthology (Moscow, 1917) and remains to this day one of the most talked about Bunin's stories, being the first piece of work in Russian literature featuring a serial killer as the main character. Mark Aldanov considered the story one of Bunin's best.

Some scholars regard "Loopy Ears" as a dark parody of Crime and Punishment and one striking example of Bunin's deep antagonism towards Fyodor Dostoyevsky and the ideas he represented.

Mark Aldanov
Mark Aldanov (Russian: Марк Алда́нов; Mordkhai-Markus Israelevich Landau, Mark Alexandrovich Landau, Russian: Мордхай-Маркус Израилевич Ландау, Марк Алекса́ндрович Ланда́у; November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1886 – February 25, 1957) was a Russian and later French writer and critic, known for his historical novels.

Aldanov's first book about Vladimir Lenin, translated into several languages, immediately gained him popularity. Then followed a trilogy of novels attempting to trace the roots of the Russian Revolution. He also wrote a tetralogy of novels about Napoleonic Wars. All in all, he published 16 larger literary works and a great number of articles and essays. He was nominated for the  Nobel Prize in Literature thirteen times.