hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Angstrom Gallery
Angstrom Gallery is an art gallery in Dallas, Texas and Los Angeles, California.

Founded by American art dealer David Quadrini, the gallery opened its doors in 1998 in Dallas and later in Los Angeles in the summer of 2002. Angstrom Gallery focuses on cutting edge exhibitions with artists including Mark Flood, Jeff Elrod, Phyllida Barlow, Brian Bress, Tim Bavington, Ryan Trecartin, Inka Essenhigh, Steven Hull, and Scott Reeder.

Angstrom Gallery is known for closely collaborating with institutions and museums including the Nasher Sculpture Center, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Dallas Museum of Art, and Dallas Contemporary.

Mark Flood (artist)
Mark Flood (born 1957 in Houston, Texas) is an American artist.

Flood has been making art for 30 years and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Rice University in 1981. He sings in the band Culturcide under the stage name Perry Webb. Mark Flood is represented by Stuart Shave/Modern Art, London and KARMA, New York.

In 2012, Randy Kennedy wrote in the New York Times that Flood was "a founder of the underground 1980s band Culturcide" who "never sold enough work to say goodbye to his day jobs (Texaco office worker, elementary school teacher's assistant, video clerk, museum assistant").
Baron Grey of Powis
The title Baron Grey of Powis (1482–1552) was created for the great-grandson of Joan Charleton (c. 1400–1425), co-heiress and 6th Lady of Powis (Powys) and her husband, Sir John Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville (1384–1421) after the death of Joan's father, Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton (1370–1421) left the title in abeyance.

After several generations of Lords Grey of Powis, Joan and John's great-grandson, John Grey, obtained the title "Baron Grey" by Barony Writ of Summons on 15 November 1482. The title passed into abeyance with the death of John Grey, 1st Baron Grey of Powis' grandson, Edward Grey. Edward Grey, illegitimate son of Edward Grey, the last Baron Grey of Powis (died 1551), sold Powis and its castle to his distant relative Sir Edward Herbert, son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1501–1570) of Wilton House.

Wilton House
Wilton House is an English country house at Wilton near Salisbury in Wiltshire, which has been the country seat of the Earls of Pembroke for over 400 years. It was built on the site of the medieval Wilton Abbey. Following the dissolution of the monasteries, Henry VIII presented Wilton Abbey and its attached estates to William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke. The house has literary associations. Shakespeare's theatre company performed there (As You Like It may have been the chosen work), and there was an important literary salon culture under its occupation by Mary Sidney, wife of the second Earl.

The present Grade I listed house is the result of rebuilding after a 1647 fire, although a small section of the house built for William Herbert survives; alterations were made in the early 19th and early 20th centuries. The house stands in gardens and a park which are also Grade I listed. While still a family home, the house and grounds are open to visitors during the summer months.
Preston Marshes
Preston Marshes is a 43.4-hectare (107-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Canterbury in Kent.

This site in the valley of the River Little Stour is dominated by common reed, with areas of willow scrub and pasture. There are many breeding and wintering birds, such as reed buntings and sedge warblers.

A public footpath runs along the eastern boundary.

Sedge warbler
The sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It is a medium-sized warbler with a brown, streaked back and wings and a distinct pale supercilium. Sedge warblers are migratory, crossing the Sahara to get from their European and Asian breeding grounds to spend winter in Africa. The male's song is composed of random chattering phrases and can include mimicry of other species. The sedge warbler is mostly insectivorous.
1948 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1948.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Pushing the Salmanilla Envelope
Pushing the Salmanilla Envelope is an album by the American band Jimmie's Chicken Shack. It was released in 1997. The album sold more than 200,000 copies. The band supported the album by opening for Everclear on a North American tour.

The title is a word play of "Pushing the envelope", salmonella, and manila envelope.

Wordplay
Wordplay (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of wordplay include puns, phonetic mix-ups such as spoonerisms, obscure words and meanings, clever rhetorical excursions, oddly formed sentences, double entendres, and telling character names (such as in the play The Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest being a given name that sounds exactly like the adjective earnest).

Wordplay is quite common in oral cultures as a method of reinforcing meaning. Examples of text-based (orthographic) wordplay are found in languages with or without alphabet-based scripts, such as homophonic puns in Mandarin Chinese.
Area codes 217 and 447
Area codes 217 and 447 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for much of the central part of the U.S. state of Illinois. The numbering plan area (NPA) includes the state capital, Springfield, and Champaign, Urbana, Decatur, Taylorville, Lincoln, Danville,  Effingham, Quincy, Rantoul, and Jacksonville. 217 was one of the original North American area codes created in 1947 and 447 was added to the same area in 2021 to form an all-services overlay.

Lincoln, Illinois
Lincoln is a city in and the county seat of Logan County, Illinois, United States. First settled in the 1830s, it is the only town in the U.S. that was named for Abraham Lincoln before he became president; as a lawyer, he pled cases in courtrooms there from 1847 to 1859. Lincoln is home to two prisons. It is also the home of the world's largest covered wagon and numerous other historical sites along the Route 66 corridor. There is also a National Weather Service Forecast Office in Lincoln.

The population was 13,288 at the 2020 census.
G. Ravindra Kumar
Gattamraju Ravindra Kumar (born 15 June 1961) is an Indian laser physicist and a senior professor of Nuclear and Atomic Physics at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Known for his research on Ultrashort pulse and Warm dense matter, Kumar is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian National Science Academy. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 2003. He is also a recipient of the B. M. Birla Science Prize and Infosys Prize.

Infosys
Infosys Limited is an Indian multinational technology company that offers information technology, business consulting, and outsourcing services. Founded in 1981 by seven engineers, the company is headquartered in Bengaluru and considered one of the Big Six Indian IT companies.

Infosys has also attracted controversies due to allegations of visa and tax fraud in the United States and for creating malfunctioning government websites.
Franz Joseph and Saint Anne Cliffs
The Franz Joseph's Cliffs (Romanian: Stâncile lui Francisc Iosif) are located in the Bucegi Mountains near Sinaia, Prahova Valley, Romania. They are situated in close proximity to the Royal Meadow, used often by former Romanian monarchs to host feasts for their most important guests.

They have been named by King Carol I of Romania, after Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. The stairs and railings have also been added during Carol I's rule. From the top of the cliffs, one can get a clear view of Prahova Valley.

Saint Anne's Cliff (Romanian: Stânca Sfintei Ana) – At its base, there is a small clearing. The rock wall had once icons on it, whose traces can still be seen today. The small grotto that exists there was once a shelter for a hermit. The cliff is located at the crossroads between the road that goes at Cota 1,400 and the road that goes to Sheepfold Meadow.

Bucegi Mountains
The Bucegi Mountains (Romanian: Munții Bucegi [ˈmuntsij buˈtʃedʒʲ] ⓘ) are located in central Romania, south of the city of Brașov. They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains. At 2,505 m (8,219 ft), Omu is its highest point.

To the east, the Bucegi Mountains have a very steep slope towards the popular tourist destinations in the Prahova Valley, such as Bușteni and Sinaia. At a higher elevation is the Bucegi Plateau, where wind and rain have turned the rocks into spectacular figures such as the Sphinx and Babele.

The Bucegi is believed to be the Dacian holy mountain Kogainon, on which the God Zalmoxis resided in a cave.
Ludwig Hirzel (historian)
Ludwig Hirzel (23 February 1838 – 1 June 1897) was a Swiss literary historian born in Zürich. His father, also named Ludwig Hirzel (1801–1841) was a professor of theology at the University of Zürich.

In 1862 he earned his doctorate from the University of Zürich. Afterwards he served as a secondary school teacher in Frauenfeld (1862) and at the cantonal school in Aarau (1866). In 1874 he became a professor of German language and literature at the University of Berne, a position he maintained until his death in 1897.

Among Hirzel's literary output were books on famous writers such as Goethe, Schiller and Wieland. He was the author of acclaimed editions of Albrecht von Haller's poetry (1882) and diaries (1883). He also penned an essay on Swiss mathematician Conrad Dasypodius, and published editions of Wieland's Geschichte der Gelehrtheit (History of the Scholars) and Beziehungen zu den deutschen Romantikern (Connections to the German Romanticists).

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
SM U-117
SM U-117 was a Type UE II long-range minelayer submarine of the Imperial German Navy. She was laid down in 1917, at Hamburg, Germany, by Aktiengesellschaft Vulcan and launched on 10 December 1917. She was commissioned in the Imperial German Navy on 28 March 1918, with Kapitänleutnant Otto Dröscher in command. After shakedown, U-117 was posted to the U-Kreuzer Verband (submarine cruiser unit) on 1 June 1918. Over the next five weeks, she completed fitting out at Kiel. In her short career, she became the most successful submarine of her class, sinking 20 vessels.

AG Vulcan Stettin
Aktien-Gesellschaft Vulcan Stettin (short AG Vulcan Stettin) was a German shipbuilding and locomotive building company. Founded in 1851, it was located near the city of Stettin, today Polish Szczecin. Because of the limited facilities in Stettin, in 1907 an additional yard was built in Hamburg. The now named Vulcan-Werke Hamburg und Stettin Actiengesellschaft constructed some of the most famous civilian German ships and it played a significant role in both World Wars, building warships for the Kaiserliche Marine and the Kriegsmarine later.

Both yards became members of the Deschimag in the 1920s. The Stettin shipyard was closed in 1928, opened again in 1939. During World War II it exploited slave workers, and after the war, was taken over by the Polish government, while the Hamburg yard was sold to Howaldtswerke AG in 1930 and the Locomotive Department was sold to Borsig in Berlin.
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB) is a biomedical research centre in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Established in 1935 as Indian Institute of Experimental Medicine (IIEM), it was inducted under the aegis of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) in 1956 and renamed to its present form in 1982. It has 6 R&D divisions:- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Cell Biology & Physiology, Chemistry, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Molecular & Human Genetics, and Structural Biology & Bioinformatics.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Tikoma
The barque Tikoma was built in Richibucto, New Brunswick, Canada, by John and Thomas Jardine, nephews of the ship builder John Jardine.  She was registered in 1877 in Chatham, New Brunswick and sold to O. C. Hansen (Sandefjord, Norway,) in 1889. Tikoma was sold to C. Apenes and Son of Fredrikstad, Norway in 1897, and sold once more to Th. Andresen (Fredrikstad, Norway) in 1906. She ran aground off Pictou, Nova Scotia, in 1909, and was lost.

Pictou
Pictou (/ˈpɪktoʊ/ PIK-toh; Canadian Gaelic: Baile Phiogto; Mi'kmaq: Piktuk) is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the north shore of Pictou Harbour, the town is approximately 10 km (6 miles) north of the larger town of New Glasgow.

Once an active shipping port and the shire town of the county, today Pictou is primarily a local service centre for surrounding rural communities and the primary tourist destination in this region of Nova Scotia.

The name Pictou derives from the Mi'kmaq name Piktuk, meaning 'explosive place', a reference to the river of pitch that was found in the area, or perhaps from methane bubbling up from coal seams below the harbour. The surrounding region formed one part of the Mi'kmaw district Epekwitk aq Piktuk, one of the seven districts of Mi'kma'ki.
L'Ascension-de-Notre-Seigneur
L'Ascension-de-Notre-Seigneur (French pronunciation: [lasɑ̃sjɔ̃ də nɔtʁ sɛɲœʁ]) is a parish municipality in Quebec, Canada, located within the regional county municipality of Lac-Saint-Jean-Est in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region. Its name is French for "the Ascension of Our Lord".

The municipality had a population of 2,079 in the 2021 Canadian Census.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
Football Championship of the Latvian SSR
Championship of the Latvian SSR in football (also Higher Football League of the Latvian SSR,  Latvian: Latvijas PSR futbola Augstākā līga) was a top competition of association football in the Latvian SSR in 1945-91 soon after the occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union.

The competition was originally established in 1941 in place of the Virslīga, but was never finished due to invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany.

Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
The Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 refers to the military occupation of the Republic of Latvia by the Soviet Union under the provisions of the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany and its Secret Additional Protocol signed in August 1939.

In 1989, the USSR condemned the 1939 secret protocol between Nazi Germany and itself that had led to the invasion and occupation of the three Baltic countries, including Latvia. In July 1989, the people of Latvia began the process of restoring their independence. In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Latvia's sovereignty was fully restored. On 22 August 1996, the Latvian parliament adopted a declaration that stated that the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 was a military occupation and an illegal incorporation.

The occupation was condemned by the European Court of Human Rights, the Government of Latvia, the United States Department of State, and the European Union.
Gallatin County, Montana
Gallatin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. With its county seat in Bozeman, it is the second-most populous county in Montana, with a population of 118,960 in the 2020 census.

The county's prominent geographical features are the Bridger Range in the north, and the Gallatin Range and Gallatin River in the south, named by Meriwether Lewis in 1805 for Albert Gallatin, the United States Treasury Secretary who formulated the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

At the southern end of the county, West Yellowstone's entrance into Yellowstone National Park accounts for around half of all park visitors. Big Sky Resort, one of the largest ski resorts in the United States, lies in Gallatin and neighboring Madison counties, midway between Bozeman and West Yellowstone.

Gallatin Range
The Gallatin Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains, located in the U.S. states of Montana and Wyoming. It includes more than 10 mountains over 10,000 feet (3,000 m).  The highest peak in the range is Electric Peak at 10,969 feet (3,343 m).

The Gallatin Range was named after Albert Gallatin, the longest-serving US Secretary of the Treasury. The range extends 75 miles (121 km) north to south and averages 20 miles (32 km) in width.
The Serenes
The Serenes were a rock band from Joure, Friesland, Netherlands. They formed in 1988 and disbanded in 1994. Their jangle pop music is comparable with the music of bands like The Feelies, The Chills and the early sound of R.E.M. The sound of their guitars and vocals are best described as bright and clean. Their songs contain melancholy English lyrics, inspired by the serenity and loneliness of the silent and flat sceneries of Friesland. Both of their albums are well recognized by Dutch music critics, and still have a top status in the history of the Dutch underground scene.

The Feelies
The Feelies are an American rock band from Haledon, New Jersey. They formed in 1976 and disbanded in 1992 after having released four albums. The band reunited in 2008, and released new albums in 2011 and 2017.

Although not commercially successful, the Feelies had an influence on the development of American indie rock. Their first album, Crazy Rhythms (1980), was cited by R.E.M. as influencing their sound. The Feelies were influenced by the Beatles, the Velvet Underground and Lou Reed.

The Feelies rarely worked with outside producers, although Peter Buck of R.E.M. co-produced their second album, The Good Earth, one of their most successful albums. They frequently played at Maxwell's, a live music venue and bar/restaurant in Hoboken, during the 1980s.
Ministry of the Air Force (Italy)
The Ministry of the Air Force (Italian: Ministero dell'aeronautica) was a department of the Kingdom of Italy, and subsequently of the Italian Republic, with jurisdiction over both military and civil aviation. Established in 1925, it was abolished in 1947 when it merged with the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Navy to form the Ministry of Defence.

Although generally translated as "Ministry of the Air Force" in English, the literal English translation of the ministry's name is "Ministry of Aeronautics," which more accurately captures its role in overseeing both the air force and civil aviation. Its role thus was analogous to the contemporary British Air Ministry and Ministry of Aviation (Reichslutfahrtministerium) of Nazi Germany, both of which oversaw both military and civil aviation.

Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. 
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not.

A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.
Fluoroescaline
Fluoroescaline (FE), also known as 4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is a fluorinated derivative of escaline. The drug is active at a dose of 75 mg or more orally and its duration is approximately 6 hours. The drug has not been fully tested and it produced only weak hallucinogenic effects and no closed-eye or open-eye visuals at dose of 75 mg. Fluoroescaline is notably less potent than escaline. It is a low-potency near-full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and also interacts with other serotonin receptors and targets. The chemical synthesis of fluoroescaline has been described. Fluoroescaline was first described in the scientific literature by Daniel Trachsel in 2002. Its pharmacology was subsequently described in further detail in 2021. It is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.

Closed-eye hallucination
Closed-eye hallucinations and closed-eye visualizations (CEV) are hallucinations that occur when one's eyes are closed or when one is in a darkened room. They should not be confused with phosphenes, perceived light and shapes when pressure is applied to the eye's retina, or some other non-visual external cause stimulates the eye. Some people report CEV under the influence of psychedelics; these are reportedly of a different nature than the "open-eye" hallucinations of the same compounds. Similar hallucinations that occur due to loss of vision are called "visual release hallucinations".