hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhammad Shariff (general)
General Muhammad Shariff NI(M) SPk SI(M) (Urdu: محمد شريف ; 22 February 1921 – 6 August 1999) was a Pakistani general who served as the first Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from 1976 until tendering his resignation in 1977 over the disagreement with the military takeover of the civilian government by the army.: 61 : 301–304

Resignation
Resignation  is the formal act of relinquishing or vacating one's office or position. A resignation can occur when a person holding a position gained by election or appointment steps down, but leaving a position upon the expiration of a term, or choosing not to seek an additional term, is not considered resignation.

When an employee chooses to leave a position, it is considered a resignation, as opposed to involuntary termination.  Whether an employee resigned or was terminated is sometimes a topic of dispute, because in many situations, a terminated employee is eligible for severance pay and/or unemployment benefits, whereas one who voluntarily resigns may not be eligible. Abdication is the equivalent of resignation for a reigning monarch, pope, or holder of another similar position.
Melanocortin 5 receptor
Melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC5R gene. It is located on the chromosome 18 in the human genome. When the MC5R was disrupted in transgenic mice, it induced disruption of their exocrine glands and resulted in decreased production of sebum.

Exocrine gland
Exocrine glands are glands that secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, prostate and mucous glands. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands; they are exocrine glands because they secrete products—bile and pancreatic juice—into the gastrointestinal tract through a series of ducts, and endocrine because they secrete other substances directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine sweat glands are part of the integumentary system; they have merocrine and apocrine types.
S. Pasupathipillai
Subramaniam Pasupathipillai (Tamil: சுப்பிரமணியம் பசுபதிப்பிள்ளை) is a Sri Lankan Tamil politician and provincial councillor.

Pasupathipillai is secretary of the Kilinochchi District branch of the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi. He contested the 2013 provincial council election as one of the Tamil National Alliance's candidates in Kilinochchi District and was elected to the Northern Provincial Council. After the election he was appointed to assist the Chief Minister on electricity and electrification. He took his oath as provincial councillor in front of Chief Minister C. V. Vigneswaran at Veerasingam Hall on 11 October 2013.

Northern Provincial Council
Northern Provincial Council (Tamil: வட மாகாண சபை Vaṭa Mākāṇa Capai; NPC) is the provincial council for the Northern Province in Sri Lanka. In accordance with the Sri Lankan constitution, NPC has legislative power over a variety of matters including agriculture, education, health, housing, local government, planning, road transport and social services. The constitution also gives it powers over police and land but successive central governments have refused to devolve these powers to the provinces. NPC has 38 members elected using the open list proportional representation system.
Kikutaro
Mitsunobu Kikuzawa (菊澤 光信, Kikuzawa Mitsunobu; born November 17, 1976), better known as his wrestling persona Kikutaro (菊タロー, Kikutarō) and Ebessan (えべっさん, Ebessan), is a Japanese professional wrestler who works as a freelancer.

Though best known for wrestling under a mask, he also regularly works unmasked under the ring name Kikuzawa (stylized in all capital letters), representing Tokyo Gurentai. Kikuzawa has also made appearances in North America, competing in promotions such as Chikara, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), Ring of Honor (ROH) , Impact Wrestling, Game Changer Wrestling, F1RST Wrestling and Beyond Wrestling.

Game Changer Wrestling
Game Changer Wrestling (GCW), formerly known as Jersey Championship Wrestling (JCW), is an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in New Jersey. The promotion was originally founded by Ricky Otazu in 1999; it was rebranded under its current name in 2015, after a sale to Danny Demanto and current owner Brett Lauderdale. The promotion specializes in hardcore wrestling, as well as mixed martial arts–inspired shoot style matches.

GCW has grown from running shows based in New Jersey, to holding events across the United States, as well as internationally in Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Germany, France, and Mexico. Annual GCW events include Backyard Wrestling, Bloodsport, Joey Janela's Spring Break, the NGI, and the Tournament of Survival.
David Sloan (politician)
David Richard Sloan is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Whitehorse West in the Yukon Legislative Assembly from 1996 to 2000. He was a member of the Yukon New Democratic Party caucus.

He subsequently joined the Yukon Liberal Party and contested the new electoral district of Mountainview in the 2011 election, but was not re-elected to the legislature.

2011 Yukon general election
The 2011 general election in Yukon, Canada, took place on October 11, 2011, to return members to the 33rd Yukon Legislative Assembly.

The incumbent government was led by Darrell Pasloski, who was elected as leader of the Yukon Party at a convention on May 28, 2011, replacing former Premier Dennis Fentie. The Yukon Party won its third majority government, with Elizabeth Hanson's NDP becoming the Official Opposition, replacing the Liberal Party, whose leader Arthur Mitchell was unable to return to the Assembly.
Judith K. Hellerstein
Judith K. Hellerstein was the Chair of the Economics department between 2019 and 2022 and is currently a professor of economics at the University of Maryland. She is a former co-editor of The Journal of Human Resources, a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and she chairs the Technical Review Committee for the National Longitudinal Surveys. She served as Chief Economist of the Council of Economic Advisers during 2011–2012.

Hellerstein testified in 2013 before the Montgomery County Council on the employment impacts of potential changes to the minimum wage.

National Longitudinal Surveys
The National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) are a set of surveys sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor. These surveys have gathered information at multiple points in time on the labor market experiences and other significant life events of several groups of men and women. Each of the NLS samples consists of several thousand individuals, many of whom have been surveyed over several decades.
NGC 7418
NGC 7418 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Grus. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7418 is about 60,000 light-years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on August 30, 1834.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Barisha High School
Barisha High School (BHS) is a school located at Diamond Harbour road, Behala, Kolkata, India. This is a boys' school and is affiliated to the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education for Madhyamik Pariksha (10th Board exams), and to the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education for Higher Secondary Examination (12th Board exams).

Madhyamik Pariksha
Madhyamik Pariksha or simply Madhyamik is a centralized examination conducted by the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education in West Bengal, India, at the end of the 10th year of school education. Similarly, one examination is also conducted at the state of Tripura for its students studying in Govt or Govt Aided school under the control of Tripura Board of Secondary Education. By count of examinees, it is among the better-known 10th standard examinations in India. In WBSE, over 600,000 students took the exam in 2000, and the number has increased substantially since then. The number of students reached a record 1 million in the 2011 Madhyamik examination. Compulsory subjects are first language, second language, physical science (combined with physics and chemistry), life science, mathematics, history and geography.
Fisherman's Castle
Fisherman's Castle, sometimes known as Irish Bayou Castle is a 942 square-foot castle built on Irish Bayou in New Orleans near Slidell, Louisiana. Simon Villemarette built the castle in the style of a 14th-century chateau  in 1981 in anticipation of the 1984 World's Fair, and it was strong enough to survive hurricanes Katrina, Isaac, and Ida, although it required repairs following Katrina. Charles and Jean Kuhl bought the castle in 1995 and sold it in 2014 being renovated the same year.

Slidell, Louisiana
Slidell /slaɪˈdɛl/ is a city on the northeast shore of Lake Pontchartrain in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 28,781 at the 2020 census, making it the sixteenth-most populous city in Louisiana. It is part of the New Orleans−Metairie−Kenner metropolitan statistical area.
Gareth Ghee
Gareth Ghee is a hurler from County Longford, Ireland. He was Longford's top scorer for a number of years. In 2010, he was a member of the Longford team that beat Donegal to win the Lory Meagher Cup. He scored 0–8 in the game and later won the Lory Meagher GPA Player of the Year. He played in two Leinster JHC finals in 2003 and 2004, losing both to Meath.

He played his club hurling with Longford Slashers and won Longford SHC medals in 2000 and 2001. He has also won Longford SFC medals in 2010, 2011 and 2013.

Meath county hurling team
The Meath county hurling team represents Meath in hurling and is governed by Meath GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the Christy Ring Cup and the National Hurling League.

Meath's main ground is Páirc Tailteann, Navan, with St. Loman's Park, Trim known as the home of Meath Hurling. The team's manager is Seoirse Bulfin.

The team has never won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, Joe McDonagh Cup, or the National League.
Prenol
Prenol, or 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, is a natural alcohol. It is one of the most simple terpenoids. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits, cranberry, bilberry, currants, grapes, raspberry, blackberry, tomato, white bread, hop oil, coffee, arctic bramble, cloudberry and passion fruit. It is a clear colorless oil that is reasonably soluble in water and miscible with most common organic solvents.

Prenol has a fruity odor and is used occasionally in perfumery. It is also manufactured industrially by BASF (in Ludwigshafen, Germany) and by Kuraray (in Asia) as an intermediate to pharmaceuticals and aroma compounds. Global production in 2001 was between 6000 and 13,000 tons.

Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus (also known as cloudberry) is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae.

A herbaceous perennial, it produces amber-colored, edible fruit similar in structure to the blackberry. It is native to cool temperate regions, alpine and Arctic tundra, and boreal forest. It is not cultivated commercially.

It has numerous common names varying by region, such as Nordic berry, Arctic berry, baked apple, knotberry, aqpik or lowbush salmonberry.
John Abadie
John W. Abadie (November 4, 1854 – May 17, 1905) was an American professional baseball first baseman who played in the National Association during the 1875 season.  He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Brooklyn Atlantics
The Atlantic Base Ball Club of Brooklyn ("Atlantic" or the "Brooklyn Atlantics") was baseball's first champion and its first dynasty. The team was also the first baseball club to visit the White House in 1865 at the invitation of President Andrew Johnson.
Descargamaría
Descargamaría is a municipality in the province of Cáceres and autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 49.92 square kilometres (19.27 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 190 people.

Province of Cáceres
The province of Cáceres (Spanish: provincia de Cáceres; Portuguese: província de Cáceres; Extremaduran: provincia de Caçris; Fala: provincia de Cáciris) is a province of western Spain, and makes up the northern half of the autonomous community of Extremadura. Its capital is the city of Cáceres. Other cities in the province include Plasencia, Coria, Navalmoral de la Mata, and Trujillo, the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro González. As of 2024, the province had 388,652 inhabitants, of whom a quarter lived in the capital. The Tagus river runs through the province.
Zeny Zabala
Emerenciana Ortiz Santos (July 21, 1937 – August 8, 2017), professionally known as Zeny Zabala, was a Filipina actress. Born and raised in Marikina, she was famously known as the "villain of Sampaguita Pictures" for her frequent portrayals of villainous roles in her films.

Villain
A villain (masculine), or villainess (feminine), also bad guy, baddy or baddie (sometimes known as a "black hat"), is a stock character, whether based on a historical narrative or one of literary fiction. Random House Unabridged Dictionary defines such a character as "a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot". The antonym of a villain is a hero.

The villain's structural purpose is to serve as the opposite to the hero character, and their motives or evil actions drive a plot along. In contrast to the hero, who is defined by feats of ingenuity and bravery and the pursuit of justice and the greater good, a villain is often defined by their acts of selfishness, evilness, arrogance, cruelty, and cunning, displaying immoral behavior that can oppose or pervert justice.
Anderson's theorem (superconductivity)
In the field of superconductivity, Anderson's theorem states that superconductivity in a conventional superconductor is robust with respect to (non-magnetic) disorder in the host material. It is named after P. W. Anderson, who discussed this phenomenon in 1959, briefly after BCS theory was introduced.

One consequence of Anderson's theorem is that the critical temperature Tc of a conventional superconductor barely depends on material purity, or more generally on defects. This concept breaks down in the case of very strong disorder, e.g. close to a superconductor-insulator transition. Also, it does not apply to unconventional superconductors. In fact, strong suppression of Tc with increasing defect scattering, thus non-validity of Anderson's theorem, is taken as a strong indication for superconductivity being unconventional.

Unconventional superconductor
Unconventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity which is not explained by the usual BCS theory or its extension, the Eliashberg theory. The pairing in unconventional superconductors may originate from some other mechanism than the electron–phonon interaction. Alternatively, a superconductor is unconventional if the superconducting order parameter transforms according to a non-trivial irreducible representation of the point group or space group of the system. Per definition, superconductors that break additional symmetries to U (1) symmetry are known as unconventional superconductors.
Lamborghini Urraco
The Lamborghini Urraco is a 2+2 sports car manufactured by Italian automaker Lamborghini, introduced at the Turin Auto Show in 1970 and marketed for 1972–1979 model years. It was named after a line of Miura-bred fighting bulls.

Spanish Fighting Bull
The Spanish Fighting Bull is an Iberian heterogeneous cattle (Bos taurus) population. It is exclusively bred free-range on extensive estates in countries where bullfighting is organized. Fighting bulls are selected primarily for a certain combination of aggression, energy, strength and stamina. In order to preserve their natural traits, during breeding the bulls rarely encounter humans, and if so, never encounter them on foot.
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (FAMSF),
comprising the de Young Museum in Golden Gate Park and the Legion of Honor in Lincoln Park, is the largest public arts institution in the city of San Francisco. FAMSF's combined attendance was 1,158,264 visitors in 2022, making it the fifth most attended art institution in the United States. In 2024, the two combined museums were ranked 15th in The Washington Post's list of the best art museums in the U.S.

Opened in 1895, the de Young is home to American art from the 17th century through today, textile arts and costumes, African art, Oceanic art, arts of the Americas, and contemporary art. Opened in 1924, the Legion of Honor showcases European painting, sculpture, and decorative arts, ancient art, graphic arts, and contemporary art in dialogue with its historical collections and Beaux-Arts style building. In total the collection holds 130,000 objects.

Lincoln Park (San Francisco)
Lincoln Park is a park located on the West Side of San Francisco, California. It was dedicated to president Abraham Lincoln in 1909 and includes about 100 acres (0.4 km2) of the northwestern corner of the San Francisco Peninsula. Lincoln Park park hosts the Legion of Honor Museum of art and is the western terminus of the Lincoln Highway(the eastern terminus is in new York), the first automobile roadway across the United States.
Harrat al-Sham
The Ḥarrat al-Shām (Arabic: حَرَّة ٱلشَّام), also known as the Harrat al-Harra or Harrat al-Shaba, and sometimes the Black Desert in English, is a region of rocky, basaltic desert straddling southern Syrian region and the northern Arabian Peninsula. It covers an area of some 40,000 km2 (15,000 sq mi) in the modern-day Syrian Arab Republic, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Vegetation is characteristically open acacia shrubland with patches of juniper at higher altitudes.

The Harrat has been occupied by humans since at least the Late Epipalaeolithic (c. 12,500–9500 BCE). One of the earliest known sites is Shubayqa 1 (occupied c. 12,600–10,000 BCE), a Natufian site where archaeologists have discovered the remains of the oldest known bread.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Surfing in Brazil
Surfing was first introduced in  Brazil in the 1970s.

The sport is predominantly participated by the middle class of the country.

Rio Pro is one of the major professional surfing events in Brazil.

Brazil has emerged as a major power in sport surfing, which has been labeled the Brazilian Storm. Gabriel Medina was the first Brazilian to win a World Surfing Championship.

Rodrigo Koxa broke the world record for the largest wave at 80 ft (24.3 meters).

Rodrigo Koxa
Rodrigo Augusto do Espírito Santo  (born September 22, 1979), known as Rodrigo Koxa, is a Brazilian professional big wave surfer and extreme waterman who broke the world record for largest wave ever surfed at Nazaré, Portugal, on November 8 2017.
Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide
Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide, sold under the brand name Ultibro Breezhaler among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication for inhalation consisting of the following two active ingredients:

Indacaterol maleate—an ultra-long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist (ultra-LABA);

Glycopyrronium bromide (glycopyrrolate)—a muscarinic anticholinergic.

Indacaterol maleate/glycopyrronium bromide is used as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The drug is marketed by Novartis under the trade names Ultibro Breezhaler and Utibron Neohaler in Europe and the United States, respectively. In 2016, Novartis licensed its U.S. commercial rights for Seebri Neohaler and Utibron Neohaler to Sunovion Pharmaceuticals.

Maleic acid
Maleic acid or cis-butenedioic acid is an organic compound that is a dicarboxylic acid, a molecule with two carboxyl groups. Its chemical formula is HO2CCH=CHCO2H. Maleic acid is the cis isomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the trans isomer.  Maleic acid is mainly used as a precursor to fumaric acid, and relative to its parent maleic anhydride, which has many applications.
Nyack Library
41°05′20″N 73°55′06″W﻿ / ﻿41.088764°N 73.918459°W﻿ / 41.088764; -73.918459

The Nyack Library is a free association library located in the village of Nyack in New York State. Established in 1879, The Nyack Library serves the residents of Nyack, Upper Nyack, South Nyack, Grand View, and Valley Cottage. In 1890, the library was incorporated and on June 5, 1894, it was entered under the New York State Board of Regents, by which means it received state aid.

South Nyack, New York
South Nyack (English pronunciation: /ˈnaɪæk/ ⓘ) is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Orangetown in Rockland County, New York,  United States. It is located north of Grand View-on-Hudson, northeast of Orangeburg, east of Blauvelt State Park, south of Nyack and west of the Hudson River. The hamlet is the western terminus of the Tappan Zee Bridge. Its population was 3,510 at the 2010 census. The hamlet was formerly incorporated as a village from 1878 until 2022.
Luis Argentino Palau
Luis Argentino Palau (September 11, 1896 – February 8, 1971) was an Argentine chess master.

He played for Argentina in three Chess Olympiads.

In 1924 at 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad in Paris (+5 –4 =4);

In 1927 at 1st Chess Olympiad in London (+7 –4 =4);

In 1928 at 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague (+9 –5 =2).

In 1921/22, he tied for 10-12th in Montevideo (Roberto Grau won). In 1925, he won in Montevideo. In 1928, he took 2nd, behind Grau, in Mar del Plata (1st it). In 1934/35, he tied for 3rd-4th in Buenos Aires (Luis Piazzini won).

Palau was awarded the International Master (IM) title in 1965.

2nd Chess Olympiad
The 2nd Chess Olympiad (Dutch: De 2e Schaakolympiade), organized by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE) and comprising an open and women's tournament, as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between July 21 and August 6, 1928, in The Hague, Netherlands. Venue was the Ridderzaal, part of the Binnenhof, where the dutch parliament resides.