hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elliptic-curve cryptography
Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC allows smaller keys to provide equivalent security, compared to cryptosystems based on modular exponentiation in finite fields, such as the  RSA cryptosystem and  ElGamal cryptosystem.

Elliptic curves are applicable for key agreement, digital signatures, pseudo-random generators and other tasks. Indirectly, they can be used for encryption by combining the key agreement with a symmetric encryption scheme. They are also used in several integer factorization algorithms that have applications in cryptography, such as Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization.

ElGamal encryption
In cryptography, the ElGamal encryption system is a public-key encryption algorithm based on the Diffie–Hellman key exchange. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985. ElGamal encryption is used in the free GNU Privacy Guard software, recent versions of PGP, and other cryptosystems. The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a variant of the ElGamal signature scheme, which should not be confused with ElGamal encryption.

ElGamal encryption can be defined over any cyclic group , like multiplicative group of integers modulo n if and only if n is 1, 2, 4, pk or 2pk, where p is an odd prime and k > 0. Its security depends upon the difficulty of the Decisional Diffie Hellman Problem in .
2001 Boston Marathon
The 2001 Boston Marathon was the 105th running of the annual marathon race in Boston, United States and was held on April 16. The elite men's race was won by South Korea's Lee Bong-ju in a time of 2:09:43 hours and the women's race was won by Kenya's Catherine Ndereba in 2:23:53.

A total of 13,395 people finished the race, 8586 men and 4809 women.

Lee Bong-ju
Lee Bong-Ju (Korean: 이봉주; Hanja: 李鳳柱; born November 8, 1970, in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea) is a South Korean marathoner.

He graduated from University of Seoul then competed for South Korea in the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta, United States in the Marathon where he won the silver medal.

He set the current South Korean men's national marathon record at 2:07:20 in Tokyo on February 13, 2000, and half marathon at 1:01:04 in Tokyo on January 26, 1992.
He finished 41 marathons for his 19 years career with twice national records.

He retired following his victory at the Korean National Sports Festival in October 2009.
Annite
Annite is a phyllosilicate mineral in the mica family. It has a chemical formula of KFe32+AlSi3O10(OH)2. Annite is the iron end member of the biotite mica group, the iron rich analogue of magnesium rich phlogopite. Annite is monoclinic and contains tabular crystals and cleavage fragments with pseudohexagonal outlines. There are contact twins with composition surface {001} and twin axis {310}.

Annite was first described in 1868 for the first noted occurrence in Cape Ann, Rockport, Essex County, Massachusetts, US. It also occurs on Pikes Peak, El Paso County, Colorado.  It occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks that are deficient in magnesium and is associated with fluorite and zircon in the type locality.

Type locality (geology)
A type locality, or a type area, in geology is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified. If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

The concept is similar to type site in archaeology.
The Show (South Korean TV program)
The Show (Korean: 더 쇼; previously The Show: All New K-Pop (season 2), The Show: All About K-Pop (season 3)) was a South Korean music television program broadcast by SBS FunE. It aired live every Tuesday and is broadcast from the SBS Prism Tower in Sangam-dong, Seoul, South Korea.

Since January 2019, The Show is broadcast live to over 20 countries through Paramount Network, MTV France and on TBS in Japan. On October 24, 2025, SBS funE announced that The Show would officially be ending its 14-year run on November 11.

MTV (France)
MTV France is a French pay-television channel operated by Paramount Networks EMEAA. It was launched as MTV Networks Europe began to further localise its brand throughout Europe. MTV France (previously MTVF) was launched on 20 June 2000. It is also distributed in Switzerland (Romandie), Monaco and Francophone Africa.

Its headquarters are at Paramount Networks EMEAA in Madrid with a local office at MTV Networks France in Neuilly-sur-Seine.
Sam Ervin
Samuel James Ervin Jr. (September 27, 1896 – April 23, 1985) was an American politician who served as a U.S. senator from North Carolina from 1954 to 1974. A Southern Democrat, he liked to call himself a "country lawyer", and often told humorous stories in his Southern drawl. During his Senate career, Ervin was at first a staunch defender of Jim Crow laws and racial segregation, as the South's constitutional expert during the congressional debates on civil rights. However, unexpectedly, he became a liberal hero for his support of civil liberties. He is remembered for his work in the investigation committees that brought down Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1954 and especially for his leadership of the Senate committee's investigation of the Watergate scandal that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974.

Southern Historical Collection
The Southern Historical Collection is a repository of distinct archival collections at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill which document the culture and history of the American South. These collections are made up of unique primary materials, such as manuscripts, letters, photographs, diaries, drawings, scrapbooks, journals, oral histories, maps, ledgers, moving images, literary manuscripts, albums, and other materials.
Dundridge Meadows
Dundridge Meadows is a  7.5-hectare (19-acre) Local Nature Reserve near Bishop's Waltham in Hampshire. It is owned by Hampshire County Council and managed by Hampshire County Council Countryside Service.

These meadows are chalk grassland managed for hay. There are also two ponds, ancient woodlands and species-rich hedges. Flowering plants include cowslips and hayrattle.

Hampshire County Council
Hampshire County Council (HCC) is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Hampshire in England. The council was created in 1889. The county council provides county-level services to eleven of the thirteen districts geographically located within the ceremonial county of Hampshire. The county council acts as the upper tier of local government to approximately 1.4 million people. It is one of 21 county councils in England.

Whilst they form part of the ceremonial county of Hampshire, the two cities of Southampton and Portsmouth are unitary authorities, independent from Hampshire County Council. The county council comprises 78 elected councillors, who meet in the city of Winchester, which is the county town.

Since 1997, the council has been controlled by the Conservatives.
Achuthanandan ministry
The V. S. Achuthanandan ministry was a Kerala government ministry formed on 18 May 2006 by V. S. Achuthanandan, after the victory of the Left Democratic Front (LDF) coalition in the 2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election. It was dissolved on 16 May 2011, after the chief minister resigned on 14 May 2011, following the LDF's defeat in the 2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election. The V.S. government had twenty ministers.

2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The 2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, part of a series of state assembly elections in 2006, was held in three phases. The first phase was held on 22 April 2006, when 59 out of the 140 constituencies in Kerala voted. The second was held on 29 April for the 66 constituencies in central Kerala. The last phase of polling for the remaining 15 constituencies was on 3 May 2006. The counting was conducted on 11 May 2006.

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) -led Left Democratic Front beat the incumbent Indian National Congress-led United Democratic Front by a margin of 56 seats. V. S. Achuthanandan, who led the CPI(M) was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Kerala on 18 May 2006.
Suberin
Suberin is a lipophilic, complex polyester biopolymer found in plants. It is composed of long-chain fatty acids (called suberin acids) and glycerol. Suberin is interconnected with cutin and lignin and forms a protective barrier in the epidermal and peridermal cell walls of higher plants. Suberin and lignin are considered covalently linked to lipids and carbohydrates respectively. Lignin is again covalently linked to suberin, and to a lesser extent to cutin, thus constructing a complex macromolecular matrix. Suberin is a major constituent of cork, and is named after the cork oak, Quercus suber. Its main function is as a barrier to movement of water and solutes.

Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a "molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass." Polymers are physical examples of macromolecules. Common macromolecules are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates), polyolefins (polyethylene) and polyamides (nylon).
University of South Florida athletic facilities
The University of South Florida athletic facilities are the stadiums and arenas the South Florida Bulls use for their home games and training. The University of South Florida currently sponsors 19 varsity athletic teams and has 11 facilities in the designated Athletics District on or adjacent to its Tampa campus, one on its St. Petersburg campus, and one elsewhere in Tampa. 18 of the 19 teams have some sort of facility in the USF Athletics District.

South Florida Bulls women's basketball
The South Florida Bulls women's basketball team represents the University of South Florida in women's basketball. The Bulls compete in the American Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Bulls play home basketball games at the Yuengling Center. South Florida is coached by Michelle Woods-Baxter, who was named the Bulls interim head coach for the 2025–26 season following the departure of Jose Fernandez, who had coached the team since the 2000–01 season. USF has made the NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament nine times in their history (2006, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2025) and won the Women's National Invitation Tournament in 2009. They have won four conference championships, taking the regular season American Conference title in 2021 and 2023 and the American Conference tournament crown in 2021 and 2025.
Roger L. Hanson
Roger L. Hanson (November 11, 1925 – January 3, 2005) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Pelican Rapids, Minnesota, Hanson went to Dakota Business College and was in the retail hardware and heating and plumbing business in Vergas, Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1969 to 1972 as a Republican and then in the Minnesota Senate from 1973 to 1976.

Dakota Business College
Dakota Business College was a small, private college in Fargo, North Dakota, United States. It was established in 1890 (1890) by F. Leland Watkins and was still owned by the Watkins family when it closed in 1978 (1978).
Dagalaifus (consul 461)
Flavius Dagalaifus or Dagalaiphus (fl. 461–475) was a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire.

The Son of Areobindus (consul in 434), Dagalaifus married Godisthea, the daughter of Ardabur (consul in 447) and granddaughter of Aspar (consul in 434 and colleague of Areobindus). They had a son, the consul of 506, Areobindus Dagalaifus Areobindus, who married the daughter of the Western Roman Emperor Olybrius.

In 461, he was consul in the East. During the reign of Basiliscus (475–476), Dagalaifus, attested by sources as Patricius, received in his home in Constantinople Daniel the Stylite, to allow him to rest during a demonstration against the Emperor.

Olybrius
Anicius Olybrius (died 2 November 472) was Roman emperor from July 472 until his death later that same year; his rule as augustus in the western Roman Empire was not recognised as legitimate by the ruling augustus in the eastern Roman Empire, Leo I (r. 457–474). He was in reality a puppet ruler raised to power by Ricimer, the magister militum of Germanic descent, and was mainly interested in religion, while the actual power was held by Ricimer and his nephew Gundobad.
Portneuf River (Capitale-Nationale)
The Rivière Portneuf is a tributary of the north shore of the Saint-Laurent river, crossing the municipalities of Saint-Raymond, Pont-Rouge, Sant-Basile and Portneuf, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

Portneuf Regional County Municipality
Portneuf (French pronunciation: [pɔʁnœf]) is a regional county municipality (RCM) in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region of Quebec, Canada. RCM of Portneuf has been established on January 1, 1982. It is composed of 21 municipalities: nine cities, seven municipalities, two parishes and three unorganized territories. The county seat is located in Cap-Santé.
The Kleptocrats
The Kleptocrats is a 2018 documentary film produced by Mike Lerner and directed by Sam Hobkinson and Havana Marking that investigates the theft of over $3 billion from Malaysian government fund 1MDB. The scandal implicated several public figures, such as the former prime minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak, his stepson, Riza Aziz, and missing fugitive Jho Low.

The film premiered at the 2018 DOC NYC.

Prime Minister of Malaysia
The prime minister of Malaysia (Malay: Perdana Menteri Malaysia; Jawi: ڤردان منتري مليسيا‎) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the federal government. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints the prime minister who is a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. The prime minister is usually the leader of the party winning the most seats in a general election.

After the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, Tunku Abdul Rahman, whom was the chief minister of the Federation of Malaya at the time, became the first prime minister of Malaysia.

The current prime minister is Anwar Ibrahim, who was elected in the 2022 Malaysian general election.
Lilo Rasch-Naegele
Lilo Rasch-Naegele (born 12 December 1914, Stuttgart – died 3 June 1978, Oberaichen) was a German painter, graphic artist, fashion designer and book illustrator. Her extensive work left a distinct mark on the artistic landscape of Stuttgart.

Leinfelden-Echterdingen
Leinfelden-Echterdingen (German pronunciation: [ˈlaɪnfɛldn̩ ˈɛçtɐdɪŋən]; Swabian: Laefälda-Ächdordeng) is a town in the district of Esslingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km south of Stuttgart, near the Stuttgart Airport and directly adjacent to the newly built Stuttgart Trade Fair. The town was formed on 1 January 1975 by the merging of four former municipalities: Leinfelden, Echterdingen, Musberg and Stetten auf den Fildern. Zeppelin LZ 4 caught fire and burned out in Echterdingen in August 1908.
Vonges
Vonges (French pronunciation: [vɔ̃ʒ]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

The commune is known for the Poudrerie nationale de Vonges (Vonges National Powder Mill), a powder mill established in 1691 and still operating as of 2012.

Côte-d'Or
Côte-d'Or (French pronunciation: [kot dɔʁ] ⓘ) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. In 2019, it had a population of 534,124. Its prefecture is Dijon, which is also the regional prefecture; its subprefectures are Beaune and Montbard.
Whip It On
Whip It On is the debut mini-album of Danish indie rock group The Raveonettes, which was released on 6 August 2002. Every song is in the key of B-flat minor in contrast to the follow-up album Chain Gang of Love, which is almost entirely in the key of B-flat major. Each song also features only three chords.

The artwork for the album is a photograph taken by Søren Solkær Starbird.

Three-chord song
A three-chord song is a song whose music is built around three chords that are played in a certain sequence. A common type of three-chord song is the simple twelve-bar blues used in blues and rock and roll.

Typically, the three chords used are the chords on the tonic, subdominant, and dominant (scale degrees I, IV and V): in the key of C, these would be the C, F and G chords. Sometimes the V7 chord is used instead of V, for greater tension.

The I (tonic), IV (subdominant) and V (dominant) chords (primary triads) together encompass all seven tones of the tonic's major scale. These three chords are a simple means of covering many melodies without the use of passing notes.

The order of the chord progression may be varied; popular chord progression variations using the I, IV and V chords of a scale are:

I – IV – V

IV – I – V

I – IV – I – V

I – IV – V – IV

Beside the I, IV and V chord progression, other widely used 3-chord progressions are:

I – vi – V

I – ii – V
Richard Tudor
Richard Thornhill Tudor (born 27 September 1948) is a former English cricketer.  Tudor was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire and educated at Shrewsbury School.

Tudor made his only first-class appearance for Warwickshire against Cambridge University in 1976. In this match, he bowled a total of fifteen wicket-less overs.  He did not bat in Warwickshire's first-innings, but in the second innings he was promoted to open, scoring 6 runs before being dismissed by Charles Bannister. He made no further appearances for Warwickshire.

Before and after playing for Warwickshire, Tudor played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire, making his debut for the county in the 1975 Minor Counties Championship against Durham.  He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1975 to 1977, making nine appearances.

Shropshire County Cricket Club
Shropshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Shropshire.

The team is a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Shropshire played List A matches occasionally from 1974 until 2005, but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club plays at Shrewsbury and around the county at Bridgnorth, Oswestry, Shifnal, Wellington, and Whitchurch.
Fresh Pond, Sint Maarten
Fresh Pond is a 14 ha water body in Sint Maarten on the island of Saint Martin. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports populations of various threatened or restricted-range bird species. Some 2.5 km long by 1 km across, it lies within the capital city of Philipsburg. Because of its low salinity (2-3 parts per thousand), it supports species which are less common in other parts of the island. The pond is bordered with reeds, mangroves and coconut palms. American coots have been recorded breeding at the site, as well as snowy egrets, pied-billed grebes, common moorhens, great egrets, white-cheeked pintails and ruddy ducks. Other birds for which the IBA was designated include green-throated caribs, Antillean crested hummingbirds, Caribbean elaenias, pearly-eyed thrashers and lesser Antillean bullfinches.

Snowy egret
The snowy egret (Egretta thula) is a small white heron. The genus name comes from Provençal French for the little egret, aigrette, which is a diminutive of aigron, 'heron'. The species name thula is the Mapudungun term for the black-necked swan, applied to this species in error by Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina in 1782.

The snowy egret is the American counterpart to the very similar Old World little egret, which has become established in the Bahamas. At one time, the plumes of the snowy egret were in great demand as decorations for women's hats. They were hunted for these plumes and this reduced the population of the species to dangerously low levels. Now protected in the United States by law, under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, this bird's population has rebounded.
521st Air Defense Group
The 521st Air Defense Group is a disbanded United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the 31st Air Division at Sioux City Municipal Airport, Iowa, where it was inactivated in 1955.  The group was originally activated as the 521st Air Service Group, a support unit for the 310th Bombardment Group at the end of World War II in Italy and then redeployed to the United States where it was inactivated in 1945.

The group was activated as the 521st Air Defense Group once again in 1953, when Air Defense Command (ADC0 established it as the headquarters for a dispersed fighter-interceptor squadron and the medical, aircraft maintenance, and administrative squadrons supporting it.  It was replaced in 1955 when ADC transferred its mission, equipment, and personnel to the 53d Fighter Group in a project that replaced air defense groups commanding fighter squadrons with fighter groups with distinguished records during World War II.

Aircraft maintenance
Aircraft maintenance is the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft or aircraft part, including overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of modifications, compliance with airworthiness directives and repair.
Mary (1811 Bideford ship)
Mary was launched in 1811 at Bideford. She was a West Indiaman that made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales. She then returned to the West Indies trade, before trading with Quebec. She is no longer listed after 1835.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
Jim Alexander (photographer)
Jim Alexander (born August 7, 1935) is an American documentary photographer, photojournalist, activist, and teacher who is best known for being a "Participant Observer" and his photographs of human rights and black culture. In 1995, he was the first artist selected in the annual "Master Artist" program conducted by the City of Atlanta Department  of Cultural Affairs. He would later be inducted into The HistoryMakers in 2006.

Documentary photography
Documentary photography usually refers to a popular form of photography used to chronicle events or environments both significant and relevant to history and historical events as well as everyday life. It is typically undertaken as professional photojournalism, or real-life reportage, but it may also be an amateur, artistic, or academic pursuit. Social documentary photography aims to draw the public's attention to social issues or to the life of underprivileged people.