hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Half-Breed Tract
A Half-Breed Tract was a segment of land designated in the western states by the United States government in the 19th century specifically for Métis of American Indian and European or European-American ancestry, at the time commonly known as half-breeds.  The government set aside such tracts in several parts of the Midwestern prairie region, including in Iowa Territory, Nebraska Territory, Kansas Territory, Minnesota Territory, and Wisconsin Territory.

Iowa Territory
The Territory of Iowa was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1838, until December 28, 1846, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Iowa. The remainder of the territory would have no organized territorial government until the Minnesota Territory was organized on March 3, 1849.
Stephen Law (governor of Bombay)
Stephen Law (1699 – 25 December 1787) was the Governor of Bombay from 7 April 1739 to 15 November 1742.

Law was born into a merchant family and became an East India Company writer in Bombay in 1715, graduating in 1720 to become a factor.

In 1739, he was appointed Governor. He was recalled in 1742 following accusations of excessive expenditure in protecting the settlement from the Marathas. He retired to Broxbourne Manor, Broxbourne, England and became a Director of the Company for 1746–49, 1751–54, and 1756.

After his wife died in January 1785, he moved to Goudhurst in Kent.

Broxbourne
Broxbourne is a town in the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, England, with a population of 15,303 at the 2011 Census. It is located to the south of Hoddesdon and to the north of Cheshunt, 17 miles (27 km) north of London. The town is near the River Lea, which forms the boundary with Essex, and 5 miles (8.0 km) north of the M25 motorway. To the west of the town are Broxbourne Woods, a national nature reserve. The Prime Meridian runs just east of Broxbourne.
Captives in American Indian Wars
Captives in American Indian Wars could expect to be treated differently depending on the identity of their captors and the conflict they were involved in. During the American Indian Wars, indigenous peoples and European colonists alike frequently became captives of hostile parties. Depending on the specific instances in which they were captured, they could either be held as prisoners of war, abducted as a means of hostage diplomacy, used as countervalue targets, enslaved, or apprehended for purposes of criminal justice.

Criminal justice
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice when a crime is committed. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include retribution, reformation and rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and support for victims. The primary institutions of the criminal justice system are the police, prosecution and defense lawyers, the courts and the prison system.
Charles William Clenshaw
Charles William Clenshaw (15 March 1926, Southend-on-Sea, Essex – 23 September 2004) was an English mathematician, specializing in numerical analysis. He is known for the Clenshaw algorithm (1955) and Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature (1960). In a 1984 paper Beyond Floating Point, Clenshaw and Frank W. J. Olver introduced symmetric level-index arithmetic.

Frank W. J. Olver
Frank William John Olver (December 15, 1924 – April 23, 2013) was a professor of mathematics at the Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department of Mathematics at the University of Maryland who worked on asymptotic analysis, special functions, and numerical analysis. He was the editor in chief of the NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions.
Burg Geyersberg
Burg Geyersberg is a castle in Carinthia, Austria. It stands on a steep rocky outcrop on the northern edge of the town. The outcrop drops steeply on three sides; only to the west does a shallow saddle lead down to the Krewenze stream, from where a nearly level path leads to the castle. The castle is privately owned and not open to the public.

Carinthia
Carinthia (German: Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ⓘ; Slovene: Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ⓘ or avstrijska Koroška; Italian: Carinzia [kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass. The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
Juliana Machado
Juliana Machado (born 6 November 1994) is an Angolan handball player for Primeiro de Agosto. She is a member of the Angolan national team.

She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark and at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

2015 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2015 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 22nd event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Denmark. The decision to select Denmark as the host was announced on 27 January 2011.

In the final Norway won 31–23 against the Netherlands to gain their third title. Romania won bronze after they defeated Poland 31–22.
Busisiwe Shiba
Busisiwe Paulina "Busi" Shiba (born 10 May 1965) is a South African politician who was the Mpumalanga MEC for Agriculture, Rural Development, Land and Environmental Affairs from 2022 to 2024. She previously served as the Mpumalanga MEC for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs from 2021 to 2022, as the Speaker of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature from 2019 to 2021 and as the MEC for Social Development from 2016 to 2019. Shiba is a member of the African National Congress (ANC).

Shiba was the mayor of the Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality in Carolina before former Premier of Mpumalanga and now deputy president David Mabuza reshuffled his cabinet and made Shiba the new MEC of Social Development soon after the 
August 2016 local government elections. She was also appointed the convener of the Mpumalanga African National Congress Women's League (ANC).

Carolina, South Africa
Carolina is an urban-rural area situated at the intersection of the R33, R36 and R38 routes in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The town lies in the grass and wetlands region of Mpumalanga at 1700 meters above sea level. It is a mixed farming and small-scale coal- and precious-stone-mining community.
PKPASS
PKPASS is a file format for storage and exchange of digital passes developed by Apple for its Wallet application. Passes can replace physical paper or plastic cards, like a payment card, boarding pass, loyalty card or coupon. The format specification has been published online and this allowed for compatible implementations to be developed for other platforms like Android, Windows and Linux.

Plastic card
Plastic cards usually serve as identity documents, thus providing authentication. In combination with other assets that complement the data stored on the card, like PINs, they also serve authorization purposes, most often as debit or credit cards for allowing their holders to do financial transactions. Early and simpler cards feature only hard-to-imitate integrated photographs, security holograms, guillochés, or a magnetic strip on which few bytes of personal data could be stored.  Today, smart cards, i.e. those equipped with an electronic chip (storage, or RFID), serve as high-security active electronic documents that allow their holder to qualify for driving cars (drivers license card), receive medical treatment (health insurance cards), do banking  and more.
Waterpark RFC
Waterpark Rugby Football Club is rugby union club in Waterford, Ireland.

It was founded in 1925, and plays it home games at Ballinakill, Waterford.
The 1st XV currently competes in Division 2 of the Munster Junior League and in competitions organized by the Munster Branch of the Irish Rugby Football Union.

Irish Rugby Football Union
The Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) (Irish: Cumann Rugbaí na hÉireann) is the body managing rugby union in the island of Ireland (both Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland). The IRFU has its head office at 10/12 Lansdowne Road and home ground at Aviva Stadium, where adult men's Irish rugby union international matches are played. In addition, the Union also owns the Ravenhill Stadium in Belfast, Thomond Park in Limerick and a number of grounds in provincial areas that have been rented to clubs.
1898 Gravesend by-election
The 1898 Gravesend by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 13 July 1898. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

The seat had become vacant following the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, James Dampier Palmer. Palmer vacated his Parliamentary seat by being appointed Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds on 2 July 1898. Palmer had been Member of Parliament for the constituency since 1892.

Palmer’s pending resignation was made public at the start of June.

Gravesend (UK Parliament constituency)
Gravesend was a county constituency centred on the town of Gravesend, Kent which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1868 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election. It is most notable for being a bellwether, with the winner of Gravesend (and its successor Gravesham) winning every election from 1918 through to the present day except for 1929, 1951, and 2005.
Queen's Park, Maryborough
Queen's Park is a heritage-listed botanic garden at Sussex Street, Maryborough, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. A reserve for the botanical gardens was gazetted in October 1873. It contains the Maryborough War Memorial. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Kigelia
Kigelia is a genus of flowering plants in the trumpet vine family Bignoniaceae. The genus consists of only one species, Kigelia africana, syn. Kigelia pinnata, which occurs throughout tropical Africa and is cultivated elsewhere in the tropics.

Often called sausage tree, it grows a fruit that is up to 60 centimetres (24 in) long, weighs about 5–10 kilograms (11–22 lb), and resembles a sausage in a casing. The fruit and bark of the plant are used by African tribes as traditional medicine. The fruit is poisonous for humans when raw, but is also made into an alcoholic drink by tribes in Kenya. It is eaten by elephants, baboons, and other wild animals, which may disperse the seeds, but their importance for seed dispersal remains unverified.
Darna, Nepal
Darna is a small town in Achham District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, the village had a population of 4049 living in 715 houses. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census, the population was 4246, of which 36% was literate.

Seti Zone
Seti (Nepali: सेती अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Far-Western Development Region of Nepal. Dhangadhi in the Terai is the major city of Seti Zone; headquarters are in Dipayal-Silgadhi. As of 2015, Nepal discontinued zone designations in favor of provinces; the area previously known as Seti Zone is now part of Sudurpashchim Province.
Lochaber Loch
Lochaber Loch is a small, lowland freshwater loch that lies among steep-sided hills, approximately 4.5 mi (7.2 km) to the west of Dumfries, Scotland. The loch is somewhat triangular in shape and is 0.5 mi (0.80 km) long and 0.25 mi (0.40 km) at its widest point. It has an average depth of 20.5 ft (6.2 m) and is 55 ft (17 m) at its deepest. The loch was surveyed on 4 May 1905 by James Murray and L.W. Collett as part of Sir John Murray's Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.

Swans, great crested grebes and ospreys can be seen on the loch. There is a  bird hide on the water's edge.

The loch in the Mabie Forest, which is managed by the Forestry Commission.

Great crested grebe
The great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The bird is characterised by its distinctive appearance, featuring striking black, orange-brown, and white plumage, and elaborate courtship display that involves synchronised dances and displays.
Strada statale 12 dell'Abetone e del Brennero
Strada statale 12 dell'Abetone e del Brennero (SS 12) is an Italian state highway 523.6 kilometres (325.3 mi) long in Italy located in the regions of Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy, Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol that connects Pisa to the Austrian border at Brenner Pass.

Austria–Italy border
The Austrian–Italian border is a 404 km (251 mi) land border along the Alps between the Republic of Italy and the Republic of Austria. Although a border between Austria and Italy has existed since the 1861 Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, most of the current modern-day border was only established in 1920, after the First World War. It has been an EU internal border since 1 January 1995. The border was last changed in 1947.
Words (F. R. David song)
"Words" (also titled as "Words (Don't Come Easy)") is a song by F. R. David, released as a single in 1982 from his same-named debut album. The song was a huge European hit, peaking at number one in West Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Sweden, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Belgium, and Norway. In early 1983, it peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart, and it also went to number one in South Africa in late 1982, spending 25 weeks on the charts, eventually becoming the most successful hit on that country's year-end chart. In Australia, the single peaked at number 12 and spent 41 weeks within the top 100 in two chart runs throughout 1983 and early 1984.

In 2006, David released a French language duet version of the song with singer Winda Sylviana, entitled "Words, J'aime ces Mots," the pair also recorded an English duet version entitled "Words."

The song is on the Call Me by Your Name soundtrack.

Call Me by Your Name: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Call Me by Your Name: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2017 romantic drama film, Call Me by Your Name. It features songs by The Psychedelic Furs, Franco Battiato, Loredana Bertè, Bandolero, Giorgio Moroder, Joe Esposito, and F. R. David, with compositions by John Adams, Erik Satie, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Maurice Ravel. American singer-songwriter Sufjan Stevens composed two original songs for the film, and the soundtrack also features a remix of his track "Futile Devices". Stevens' original song "Mystery of Love" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 2018 ceremony. At the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, "Mystery of Love" received a nomination for Best Song Written for Visual Media and the soundtrack received one for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media.
TNT Motorsports
TNT Motorsports was a popular promoter of monster truck races, tractor pulls, and occasionally mud racing in the 1980s. TNT was an acronym for “Trucks n Tractors” founded by the late Billy Joe Miles of Owensboro, Kentucky. Events were shown on Powertrax on ESPN, Trucks and Tractor Power on TNN, and the syndicated Tuff Trax. In 1988, TNT produced 77 shows that it estimated drew 1 million fans. In 1989, the company had $12 million in revenue.

Owensboro, Kentucky
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is also the county seat. It is the fourth-most populous city in the state. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles (172 km) southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas.
Fairview, Butler County, Pennsylvania
Fairview is a borough in Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 198 at the 2010 census. It should not be confused with Fairview in Erie County, which carries the ZIP code 16415.

Fairview Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania
Fairview Township is a township in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. Situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie, it was one of the county's sixteen original townships, and was founded in 1797.

In 1998 Fairview Township annexed the former Fairview Borough.

According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the township's population was 11,137, which is an increase from the 2010 census of 10,102. It is part of the Erie Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Schizoglossa novoseelandica
Schizoglossa novoseelandica is a predatory species of air-breathing land slug or semi-slug, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae. It is the type species of the genus Schizoglossa and is found only in New Zealand. The survival of this species is not threatened; it is not listed in the 2009 IUCN Red List nor is it in the 2005 New Zealand Threat Classification System lists.

New Zealand Threat Classification System
The New Zealand Threat Classification System is used by the Department of Conservation to assess conservation priorities of species in New Zealand.

The system was developed because the IUCN Red List, a similar conservation status system, had some shortcomings for the unique requirements of conservation ranking in New Zealand. As of 2011, plants, animals, and fungi are evaluated, though the lattermost has yet to be published. Algae were assessed in 2005 but not reassessed since.  Other protists have not been evaluated.
Weeks 533
Weeks 533 is a 500-short-ton (454 t) capacity Clyde Iron Works model 52 barge-mounted crane which is the largest revolving floating crane on the East Coast of the United States. It was originally ordered for bridge construction and has since been used in several notable heavy lifts.

SEALAB
SEALAB I, II, and III were experimental underwater habitats developed and deployed by the United States Navy during the 1960s to prove the viability of saturation diving and humans living in isolation for extended periods of time. The knowledge gained from the SEALAB expeditions helped advance the science of deep sea diving and rescue and contributed to the understanding of the psychological and physiological strains humans can endure.
Capo Passero
Capo Passero  or Cape Passaro (Sicilian: Capu Pàssaru; Greek: Πάχυνος or Πάχυνον; Latin: Pachynus or Pachynum) is a celebrated promontory of Sicily, forming the extreme southeastern point of the whole island, and one of the three promontories which were supposed to have given to it the name of "Trinacria". (Ovid, Fast. iv. 479, Met. xiii. 725; Dionys. Per. 467–72; Scyl. p. 4. § 13; Pol. i. 42; Strabo vi. pp. 265, 272, &c.; Plin. iii. 8. s. 14; Ptol. iii. 4. § 8; Mela, ii. 7. § 15.)

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Eliah Masiyane
Eliah Masiyane (died 15 July 2022) was a Zimbabwean politician and clergyman. He was a Lutheran evangelist and elected as member of Parliament of Zimbabwe for Gwanda South constituency in the 1990 general election, representing ZANU-PF.

Results of the 1990 Zimbabwean general election
Elections were held in Zimbabwe on 23 March 1990 to elect the President and Parliament. Robert Mugabe of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) was reelected President with 83 percent of the vote against Edgar Tekere of the Zimbabwe Unity Movement, who received 17 percent. ZANU–PF won 117 of the 120 elected seats in Parliament, which after the abolition of the Senate in 1989 consisted of the unicameral House of Assembly.
Eberechi Wike
Eberechi Suzzette Wike (née Obuzor; born 24 May 1972) is a Nigerian jurist and lawyer. A judge in the Rivers State High Court, she is the wife of former Rivers State Governor Nyesom Wike who is currently the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory.

Governor of Rivers State
The governor of Rivers State is the chief executive of the Rivers State government and is one of the governors of the thirty-six states of Nigeria. The governor is supported by the deputy governor, both popularly elected for a term of four years (maximum of two terms). The governor, as head of the executive branch, has the power to appoint and remove commissioners responsible for each of the state's ministries, the heads of parastatals and the state-owned bodies with specific regulatory or administrative duties. He appoints judicial officers based on the recommendation of the state judicial service commission. The Governor cannot be a member of the state's House of Assembly.
Josh Holling
Joshua Brynmor Rusby Holling (born 15 February 1996) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Holling was born at Barnsley in February 1996. He was educated at Silcoates School, before going up to Leeds Beckett University. While studying at Leeds, he played two first-class cricket matches for Leeds/Bradford MCCU against Derbyshire and Yorkshire in 2019. He scored 16 runs in his two matches, while with his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 4 wickets with best figures of 3 for 56.

Barnsley
Barnsley (/ˈbɑːrnzli/ ⓘ) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It is the main settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the fourth largest settlement in South Yorkshire. The town's population was 71,422 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 244,600 in the 2021 census.

Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Barnsley is located on the M1 corridor between the cities of Sheffield to the south and Wakefield to the north. Doncaster is to the east, Huddersfield to the north-west, and Manchester lies west across the Peak District to which it is connected to via the A628 road.

Barnsley's former industries include linen, coal mining, glass making and textiles. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs by its mining communities.
Pierre Legras Pierreville
Pierre Legras Pierreville (1738 – July 22, 1810) was a businessman, seigneur and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born Pierre Legras at Montreal in 1738, the son of a merchant there. He became a merchant at Saint-François-du-Lac. He inherited the seigneury of Pierreville from his father in 1768, added Pierreville to his name and soon afterwards settled at Boucherville. In 1779, he married Charlotte, daughter of seigneur René Boucher de La Bruère. Pierreville served in the militia, becoming lieutenant-colonel in 1802. He was a commissioner for a census held in 1784 and was named justice of the peace for Montreal district in 1799. Pierreville was elected to the 1st Parliament of Lower Canada for Kent County (later Chambly County) in 1792.

He died at Boucherville in 1810.

Chambly County, Quebec
Chambly County was a county of Quebec that existed between 1855 and the early 1980s. The territory of the county today forms part of the Montérégie administrative region and the Urban agglomeration of Longueuil and the Regional county municipality of la Vallée-du-Richelieu. The county seat was Longueuil.