hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arabi Malayalam script
Arabi Malayalam script (Malayalam: അറബി-മലയാളം, Arabi Malayalam: عَرَبِ مَلَیٰاۻَمْ), also known as Ponnani script, is a writing system — a variant form of the Arabic script with special orthographic features — for writing Malayalam, a Dravidian language in southern India. Though the script originated and developed in Kerala, today it is predominantly used in Malaysia and Singapore by the migrant Muslim community.

Until the 20th century, the script was widely taught to all Muslims in the primary education madrasahs of Kerala. Arabi-Malayalam is currently used in some of the primary education madrasahs of Kerala and Lakshadweep.

Shaddah
Shaddah (Arabic: شَدّة shaddah [ˈʃæd.dæ], '[sign of] emphasis', also called by the verbal noun from the same root, tashdid تشديد tashdīd 'emphasis') is one of the diacritics used with the Arabic alphabet, indicating a geminated (long) consonant. It is functionally equivalent to writing a consonant twice in the orthographies of languages such as for example Latin, Italian, Swedish, and Ancient Greek, and is rendered as such in Latin script in most schemes of Arabic transliteration, e.g. رُمّان = rummān 'pomegranate'.
Ossietzkystraße
Ossietzkystraße is a street in the Pankow borough of Berlin. It is located between the Schlosspark and the Berliner Straße. In the street there is a statue of Carl von Ossietzky, after whom the street is named. The street crosses the river Panke, and is connected to the Majakowskiring. The street was known as Schloss Straße until it was renamed by the East German government in the 1970s.

Panke
The Panke (German pronunciation: [ˈpaŋkə] ⓘ) is a small river in Brandenburg and Berlin, a right tributary of the Spree, originating from the Barnim plateau. It has a length of 29 km, of which 20,2 are within the area of Berlin. Consequently, the Panke is the third longest river in the city after the Spree and the Havel. Several areas in Berlin and Brandenburg are named after the Panke, including Pankow and Panketal.
I dag & i morgon (song)
"I dag & i morgon" is a song written by Thomas G:son and Calle Kindbom and performed by Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson at Melodifestivalen 2006. The song competed in heat 2 at the Löfbergs Lila Arena in Karlstad on 25 February and qualified directly to the final at the Stockholm Globe Arena on 18 March, where it got 10th place. Kikki Danielsson recorded the song for the 2006 album with the same name.

On 16 April 2006, the song entered Svensktoppen, reaching a peak position of 6th. On 30 April, the song was removed from the chart. It also appeared on Sverigetopplistan (at the time known as Hitlistan) and reached a peak position of 27th.

In the lyrics of I dag & i morgon (Today and tomorrow), the singer tells her lover that she wants to live with the lover today, tomorrow, and the rest of her life.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Liangyou Group
Liangyou Group, also known as Shanghai Liangyou Group Company (Chinese: 上海良友集团有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned food company based in Shanghai which is the sixth largest food company in China. Founded in 1998, it has more than 20 subsidiaries or affiliates.

Its business is mainly in the field of food and oil storage, wholesale and processing, domestic and foreign bulk trade, import and export, chain sales, assets management and entity investment. Five of its brands are officially recognized as famous brands of Shanghai: Lehui rice, Haishi refined oil, Seagull condiment, Xuege flour and Weidu noodles.

As of 2015, Liangyou Group was the 275th largest industrial company in China, with a revenue of 22.4 billion yuan.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
Rose Marie Pangborn
Rose Marie Valdes Pangborn (1932 – March 17, 1990) was a Mexican-American food scientist, food technologist, professor, and a pioneer in the field of sensory analysis of food attributes. She worked as a sensory scientist in the Experiment Station, Step VIII, served for 35 years at the University of California, Davis. She co-founded the Association for Chemoreception Sciences (ACHEMS), and the Sensory Reception Scholarship Fund (SSSF).

Institute of Food Technologists
The Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) is an international, non-profit scientific society of professionals engaged in food science, food technology, and related areas in academia, government and industry. It has more than 17,000 members from more than 95 countries.
La Verne Ausman
La Verne George Ausman (February 18, 1930 – December 14, 2021) was an American farmer and Republican politician from Dunn County, Wisconsin.  He served as administrator of the U.S. Farmers Home Administration during the presidency of George H. W. Bush, and was the 4th secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection.  He also served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 69th Assembly district.

Dunn County, Wisconsin
Dunn County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,440. Its county seat is Menomonie. Dunn County comprises the Menomonie Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Eau Claire-Menomonie, WI Combined Statistical Area.
OB association
An OB association is a loosely organized, gravitationally unbound group of young, massive, main sequence stars primarily of spectral types O and B, characterized by their high temperatures, blue color, luminous, and massive stars with masses between 10 and 90 times that of the Sun. Sometimes these late O and Early B stars are referred as OB stars. These associations typically contain 10 to 100 (or more) massive stars alongside numerous lower-mass stars, all sharing common motion vectors, ages, and chemical compositions, indicating a shared origin. Unlike denser star clusters, OB associations lack sufficient gravitational binding and can disperse over millions of years.

B-type main-sequence star
A B-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type B. The spectral luminosity class is given as V. These stars have from 2 to 18 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between about 10,000 and 30,000 K.

B-type stars are luminous and blue-white. Their spectra have strong neutral helium absorption lines, which are most prominent at the B2 subclass, and moderately strong hydrogen lines. Examples include Regulus, Algol A and Acrux.
1975 NAIA soccer championship
The 1975 NAIA Soccer Championship was the 17th annual tournament held by the NAIA to determine the national champion of men's college soccer among its members in the United States.

Two-time defending champions Quincy (IL) defeated Simon Fraser in the final, 1–0, to claim the Hawks' sixth NAIA national title. This was the first championship appearance by a team from Canada.

The final was  played in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Simon Fraser Red Leafs
The SFU Red Leafs or Simon Fraser Red Leafs teams (formerly the Simon Fraser Clan) represent Simon Fraser University (SFU), which is located in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. The Red Leafs are members of NCAA Division II and are the only Canadian or non-American university affiliated with the U.S.-based National Collegiate Athletic Association. The teams previously used the nicknames "Clan" and "Clansmen," which were used as a tribute to the Scottish heritage of the university's namesake, Simon Fraser. The names were retired in 2020 due to the negative connotation surrounding those terms. In September 2022, the updated nickname "Red Leafs" was announced.

In November 2025, SFU announced that it will seek readmission to U Sports, citing financial and logistical constraints for the decision. If the application is successful, The Red Leafs will leave the NCAA and U.S. competition at the end of the 2026–27 season.
Hong Kong International Building and Decoration Materials & Hardware Fair
Hong Kong International Building and Decoration Materials & Hardware Fair is an annual trade show in Hong Kong. The show is organised by the Hong Kong Trade Development Council and the CIEC Exhibition Company (HK) Limited, held annually (usually in October) at the AsiaWorld-Expo, Hong Kong. This fair is positioned as a one-stop shop for all building, decoration and hardware needs, with a wide range of products and services on offer from exhibitors. Regular exhibit categories reflect both the needs of the market and the growing interest in do-it-yourself (DIY) products for interior decoration.

Builders hardware
Builders' hardware or just builders hardware is a group of metal hardware specifically used for protection, decoration, and convenience in buildings. Building products do not make any part of a building, rather they support them and make them work. It usually supports fixtures like windows, doors, and cabinets. Common examples include door handles, door hinges, deadbolts, latches, numerals, letter plates, switch plates, and door knockers.

Builders hardware is commonly available in brass, steel, aluminium, stainless steel, and iron.

Well known suppliers of builders hardware mainly exist in China, India, Mexico and some in the U.S.
Higgins, North Carolina
Higgins is a populated place in Egypt Township in Yancey County, North Carolina, United States. Already in decline in the 1920s, it was revived by a Presbyterian missionary who obtained support from the Markle Foundation in the 1930s, but has since been largely abandoned. Under the name of "Henry", it was a case study in Cities and the Wealth of Nations, by Jane Jacobs, who spent six months there in 1934.

Markle Foundation
Markle Foundation is a New York–based private foundation established in 1927 by American industrialist and financier John Markle and his wife, Mary. Its focus is technology, workforce, health, and national security.
Hospital Radio Plymouth
Hospital Radio Plymouth is a hospital radio station based in Plymouth, England. It provides entertainment to the patients of Derriford Hospital broadcasting via the internet and on 107.3fm.
The station holds a long term restricted service licence granted by Ofcom, allowing it to broadcast on FM.

The station is run as a charity staffed by volunteers (registered charity number 260238).

Restricted Service Licence
A Restricted Service Licence (often called an RSL) is a type of broadcast licence typically granted to radio stations and television stations broadcasting within the United Kingdom to serve a local community or a special event. Licences are granted by the broadcasting authority Ofcom (formerly the Radio Authority and the Independent Television Commission, respectively).
History of logarithms
The history of logarithms is the story of a correspondence (in modern terms, a group isomorphism) between multiplication on the positive real numbers and addition on  real number line that was formalized in seventeenth century Europe and was widely used to simplify calculation until the advent of the digital computer.  The Napierian logarithms were published first in 1614. E. W. Hobson called it "one of the very greatest scientific discoveries that the world has seen.": p.5  Henry Briggs introduced common (base 10) logarithms, which were easier to use. Tables of logarithms were published in many forms over four centuries. The idea of logarithms was also used to construct the slide rule (invented around 1620–1630), which was ubiquitous in science and engineering until the 1970s. A breakthrough generating the natural logarithm was the result of a search for an expression of area against a rectangular hyperbola, and required the assimilation of a new function into standard mathematics.

Group isomorphism
In abstract algebra, a group isomorphism is a function between two groups that sets up a bijection between the elements of the groups in a way that respects the given group operations. If there exists an isomorphism between two groups, then the groups are called isomorphic. From the standpoint of group theory, isomorphic groups have the same properties and need not be distinguished.
Devanney Site
The Devanney Site is an archaeological site in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Located west of Goshen in Clermont County, it appears to have been occupied periodically for thousands of years.

Located along a small stream, Devanney occupies an area of approximately 7 acres (2.8 ha).  While it is primarily an Archaic site, the stratification indicates that many later cultures visited the site.  Collection of items on the surface of the site has yielded artifacts such as stone tools and rocks blackened by fire.

Few well-preserved Archaic sites have been found in the Ohio River valley, and few of those that have been found are temporary campsites such as Devanney; consequently, it is of great significance in reconstructing the culture of the period.  In recognition of its archaeological value, the Devanney Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Goshen, Ohio
Goshen (/ˈɡoʊʃən/ GOH-shən) is a census-designated place in central Goshen Township, Clermont County, Ohio, United States.  The population was 715 at the 2020 census. It is centered on State Route 28 (especially where it overlaps with State Routes 132 and 48), approximately midway between Milford and Blanchester.
Passenger Side
Passenger Side is a 2009 drama film written and directed by Matt Bissonnette and produced by Corey Marr. It stars Adam Scott, Joel Bissonnette and  Robin Tunney. It premiered at the 2009 Los Angeles Film Festival before screening at numerous film festivals worldwide, including the Toronto International Film Festival, BFI London Film Festival and Whistler Film Festival.

It won the Citytv Award for Best Canadian Feature at the Edmonton International Film Festival, and was named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2009.

Passenger Side was released theatrically in Canada in May 2009 by Corey Marr Productions and Kinosmith. It has been picked up by Strand Releasing in the U.S., Axiom Film in the U.K. and IFC Films internationally.

Strand Releasing
Strand Releasing is an American film distribution company founded in 1989 and is based in Culver City, California. The company has distributed over 300 auteur-driven titles from acclaimed international and American directors such as Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Gregg Araki, François Ozon, Jean-Luc Godard, Catherine Breillat, Claire Denis, Fatih Akin, Aki Kaurismäki, Claude Miller, Manoel de Oliveira, Gaspar Noé, André Téchiné and Terence Davies.
Abdi Nazemian
Abdi Nazemian (born 1976) is an Iranian-American author, screenwriter, and producer. His debut novel, The Walk-In Closet, won the Lambda Literary Award for LGBT Debut Fiction at the 27th Lambda Literary Awards. He has subsequently received a second Lambda Literary Award for his young adult novel Only This Beautiful Moment, as well as a Stonewall Book Award for Only This Beautiful Moment and a Stonewall Honor for Like a Love Story, both from the American Library Association.

Lambda Literary Award for LGBT Debut Fiction
The Lambda Literary Award for Debut Fiction is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation to a debut work of fiction on LGBT themes. Formerly presented in two separate categories for gay male and lesbian debut fiction, beginning the 25th Lambda Literary Awards in 2013 a single award, inclusive of both male and female writers, was presented. The award was, however, discontinued after the 28th Lambda Literary Awards in 2016.

The award was presented based on themes in the work, not the sexuality or gender of the writer; heterosexual writers were eligible for the award, and writers could be nominated in the "cross-gender" category based on the work.
Zarju
Zarju (Persian: زرجوع, also Romanized as Zarjū‘; also known as Zarjūh and Zarkhū‘) is a village in Aqda Rural District, Aqda District, Ardakan County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 23 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Desert Warrior (2025 film)
Desert Warrior is a 2025 historical action drama film directed by Rupert Wyatt, who co-wrote the screenplay with Erica Beeney, David Self, and Gary Ross.  The film stars Anthony Mackie and Aiysha Hart.

The film premiered at the Zurich Film Festival on September 28, 2025.

Géza Röhrig
Géza Röhrig (Hungarian: Röhrig Géza, pronounced [ˈrøːriɡ ˈɡeːzɒ]; born 11 May 1967) is a Hungarian actor and poet. He is best known for his role in the 2015 film Son of Saul, which won the Grand Prix at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Gus McNaughton
Gus McNaughton (29 July 1881 – 18 November 1969), also known as Augustus Le Clerq and Augustus Howard, was an English film actor. He appeared in 70 films between 1930 and 1947. He was born in London and died in Castor, Cambridgeshire. He is sometimes credited as Gus MacNaughton. He appeared on stage from 1899, as a juvenile comedian with the Fred Karno company, the influential British music hall troupe. In films, McNaughton was often cast as the "fast-talking sidekick", and he appeared in several popular George Formby comedies of the 1930s and 1940s. He also appeared twice for director Alfred Hitchcock in both Murder! (1930) and The 39 Steps (1935).

The 39 Steps (1935 film)
The 39 Steps is a 1935 British spy thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Robert Donat and Madeleine Carroll. It is loosely based on the 1915 novel The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan. It concerns a Canadian civilian in London, Richard Hannay, who becomes caught up in preventing an organisation of spies called "The 39 Steps" from stealing British military secrets. Mistakenly accused of the murder of a counter-espionage agent, Hannay goes on the run to Scotland and becomes tangled up with an attractive woman, Pamela, while hoping to stop the spy ring and clear his name.

Since its release, the film has been widely acknowledged as a classic. The film maker and actor Orson Welles referred to it as a "masterpiece". The screenwriter Robert Towne remarked, "It's not much of an exaggeration to say that all contemporary escapist entertainment begins with The 39 Steps."
Tony Rüegg
Tony Rüegg is a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the early 1980s. He won two bronze medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships, earning them in 1981 and 1982.

He is the brother of Max Ruegg, the father of Ralph Rüegg, and the uncle of Reto and Ivo Rüegg, all of whom have competed in bobsleigh.

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
Stranded (album)
Stranded is the third studio album by the English rock band Roxy Music, released in 1973 by Island Records (it was released by Atco Records in the United States). Stranded was the first Roxy Music album on which Bryan Ferry was not the sole songwriter, with multi-instrumentalist Andy Mackay and guitarist Phil Manzanera also making songwriting contributions. It is also their first album with multi-instrumentalist Eddie Jobson, who replaced synthesizer player Brian Eno.

Stranded reached number one on the UK albums chart. The track "Street Life" was released as a single and reached number 9 on the UK singles chart. In the US, Stranded charted at number 186.

Atco Records
ATCO Records is an American record label founded in 1955. It is owned by Warner Music Group and operates as an imprint of Atlantic Records. After several decades of dormancy and infrequent activity under alternating Warner Music labels, the company was relaunched by Atlantic Records in early 2020.
Haunted (The Vampire Diaries)
"Haunted" is the seventh episode of the first season of The CW television series, The Vampire Diaries and the seventh episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 29, 2009. The episode's story was written by Andrew Kreisberg and the teleplay by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec. It was directed by Ernest Dickerson.

Julie Plec
Julie Plec (born May 26, 1972) is an American television producer, writer and director, known for her work on The CW television series The Vampire Diaries (2009–2017) which she co-created with Kevin Williamson, and its spin-offs  The Originals (2013–2018) and Legacies (2018–2022). She also developed the limited series Containment (2016).
Old Partner
Old Partner (Korean: 워낭 소리; RR: Wonang sori; lit. 'Cowbell Sound') is a 2008 South Korean documentary film directed by Lee Chung-ryoul. Set in the small rural town of Hanul-ri in Sangun-myeon, Bonghwa County, North Gyeongsang Province, the film focuses on the relationship between a 40-year-old cow and an old farmer in his 80s.

The film was a surprise success. It attracted over 2.93 million viewers, setting the record for the highest grossing independent film in Korean film history. It won the PIFF Mecenat Award at the Pusan International Film Festival and the Audience Award at the Korean Independent Film Awards. Lee Chung-ryoul became the first independent film director to receive the Best New Director award at the Baeksang Arts Awards.

North Gyeongsang Province
North Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상북도; RR: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is a province in eastern South Korea, and with an area of 18,420 km2 (7,110 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Korean peninsula. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea (as Keishōhoku-dō during Japanese rule) until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.

Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981. In 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong.