hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skindergade 44
Skindergade 44 is a Neoclassical property situated on Skindergade, off Gammeltorv, in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945.

On the facade of the building is a black stone plaque underneath a cone-shaped stone bearing the names of six members of the Holger Danske World War II resistance group who were arrested at the site by the Gestapo in 1945 and subsequently executed in Ryvangen.

Skindergade
Skindergade is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Running roughly parallel to Strøget, to which it is connected through Jorcks Passage, it extends for approximately 400 metres from Gammeltorv to Købmagergade.
Rivière à la Loutre (Anticosti Island)
The rivière à la Loutre is a water course flowing into Gulf of Saint Lawrence, flowing in the municipality of L'Île-d'Anticosti, in the regional county municipality (MRC) of Minganie Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

Forest roads serve the valley of this river. Forestry is the main economic activity in this area; recreational tourism activities, second.

Anticosti Island
Anticosti (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃tikɔsti]) is an island located between the Jacques Cartier and Honguedo Straits, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in L'Île-d'Anticosti (Municipality), Minganie MRC, Côte-Nord, Quebec, Canada.
1956 Tonbridge by-election
The 1956 Tonbridge by-election was held on 7 June 1956 due to the resignation of the Conservative Member of Parliament, Gerald Williams.  It was retained by the Conservative candidate Richard Hornby.  Although Tonbridge was usually a safe Conservative seat, this election was fought with a local Labour politician and against the backdrop of Anthony Eden's unpopular government, so the Conservative majority was cut to barely 1,600 votes.

Gerald Williams (politician)
Lieutenant-Commander Gerald Wellington Williams JP (1903–1989) was a British Conservative politician. He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Tonbridge at the 1945 general election, and was re-elected at the next three elections. He resigned his seat in 1956 through appointment as Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. He served as a Justice of the Peace in 1957, and was made High Sheriff of Kent in 1968.
Microsoft SmartScreen
SmartScreen (officially called Windows SmartScreen, Windows Defender SmartScreen and SmartScreen Filter in different places) is a cloud-based anti-phishing and anti-malware component included in several Microsoft products:

All versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system since Windows 8

Web browsers Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge

Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S video game consoles

Online services Microsoft 365 (including Microsoft Outlook and Exchange) and Microsoft Bing.

SmartScreen as a business unit includes the intelligence platform, backend, serving frontend, UX, policy, expert graders, and closed-loop intelligence (machine learning and statistical techniques) designed to help protect customers from safety threats like social engineering and drive-by downloads.

Antivirus software
Antivirus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is software intended to prevent, detect, and remove malware.

Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other malware, antivirus software started to protect against other computer threats. Some products also include protection from malicious URLs, spam, and phishing.
Bristol Beach State Park
Bristol Beach State Park is a 242-acre (0.98 km2) undeveloped state park located on the Hudson River in the town of Saugerties in Ulster County, New York. The park was initially formed in 1967, and is managed by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission.

Ulster County, New York
Ulster County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It is situated along the Hudson River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 182,977. The county seat is Kingston. The county is named after the Irish province of Ulster. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Raoul de Neuville
Raoul de Neuville (died March 26, 1221) was a 13th-century French cardinal, diplomat, and Bishop of Arras.

Little is known of his life or episcopal work. He was born in Rhône-Alpes, France, and studied Law. Pope Innocent III made him a cardinal in the consistory of 1202, and he was elected Bishop of Arras in 1203. Raoul did not participate in the Papal election, 1216, when Pope Honorius III was elected.

He also acted as papal legate to Denmark, Sweden, Sicily, and Bohemia.

He died March 26, 1221, in Arras, France.

Papal legate
A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or to representatives of a state or monarchy. A legate is empowered in matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.

The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, to a sovereign, to a large body of believers (such as a national church), or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars.

The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine.
Fincham (surname)
Fincham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Fincham (1828–1910), British organ builder

Gordon Fincham (1935–2012), British football player

Joe Fincham (born 1964), American football player and coach

John Fincham (1926–2005), British geneticist

Paul Fincham (born 1959), British composer

Peter Fincham (born 1956), British television producer and executive

Gordon Fincham
Gordon Richard Fincham (8 January 1935 – June 2012) was an English footballer who played as a half back. Born in Peterborough, he made 250 appearances in the Football League for Leicester City, Plymouth Argyle and Luton Town.
2010–11 Southern Conference men's basketball season
The 2010–11 Southern Conference men's basketball season featured twelve teams competing in two divisions for regular season and tournament titles.  Both divisions ended in a tie for the division lead, with the North being shared between Chattanooga and Western Carolina and the South claimed by both College of Charleston and Wofford.  Wofford claimed the 2011 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament championship.

2010–11 Wofford Terriers men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Wofford Terriers men's basketball team represented Wofford College during the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Terriers, led by 9th year head coach Mike Young, played their home games at Benjamin Johnson Arena and are members of the Southern Conference. They finished the season 21–13, 14–4 in SoCon play. They were champions of the 2011 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament to earn their second consecutive automatic bid in the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they lost in the second round to Brigham Young.
Chikamin Peak
Chikamin Peak is a 6,994-foot (2,132-metre) mountain summit located in the Cascade Range, in Kittitas County of Washington state. It is situated within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The mountain's name "Chikamin" derives from Chinook Jargon meaning "money" or "metal", and was submitted by Edmond S. Meany, president of The Mountaineers. This name was officially adopted in 1916 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. Chikamin Peak is the highest point of Chikamin Ridge, six miles (9.7 km) northeast of Snoqualmie Pass. Other notable peaks on Chikamin Ridge include Four Brothers and Three Queens. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into tributaries of the Yakima River. The Pacific Crest Trail traverses the southwest slope of Chikamin Ridge, and from the trail a scramble up a gully leads to the summit and several alpine lakes including Chikamin Lake and Spectacle Lake.

Alpine Lakes Wilderness
The Alpine Lakes Wilderness is a large wilderness area spanning the Central Cascades of Washington state in the United States. The wilderness is located in parts of Wenatchee National Forest and Snoqualmie National Forest, and is approximately bounded by Interstate 90 and Snoqualmie Pass to the south and U.S. Route 2 and Stevens Pass to the north. The Alpine Lakes is the largest wilderness area near the population centers of Puget Sound, counted at 414,161 acres (167,605 ha) following the 2014 expansion.
Subbiah Arunan
Subbiah Arunan  is an Indian scientist and Padma Shri awardee, known for his role in the Mars Orbiter Mission of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). He finished his schooling in St. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Vikramasingapuram in Tirunelveli Dist. He was born in Kothaiseri, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu and completed his Mechanical engineering from Coimbatore Institute of Technology.

In 1984, he started his career in Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. He is the project director of Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013. He is married to Geetha Arunan, the daughter of fellow ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan.

Tirunelveli district
Tirunelveli district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in India. It is the largest district in terms of area with Tirunelveli as its headquarters. The district was formed on 1 September 1790 by the British East India Company (on behalf of the British government) and comprised the present Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi, Tenkasi and parts of Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram district. As of 2011, the undivided district (along with Tenkasi) had a population of 30,77,233.
Restionales
Restionales is an order of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system (of 1981) it is used for an order (in subclass Commelinidae) and circumscribed as:

order Restionales
family Flagellariaceae
family Joinvilleaceae
family Restionaceae
family Centrolepidaceae

The APG II system (2003) assigns the plants involved to the order Poales.

APG II system
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based,  system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system.
Phosphoenolpyruvate—protein phosphotransferase
In enzymology, a phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.3.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

phosphoenolpyruvate + protein histidine  pyruvate + protein Npi-phospho-L-histidine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphoenolpyruvate and protein histidine, whereas its two products are pyruvate and protein Npi-phospho-L-histidine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a nitrogenous group as acceptor.    This enzyme participates in phosphotransferase system (pts).

Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the carboxylic acid derived from the enol of pyruvate and a phosphate anion.  It exists as an anion. PEP is an important intermediate in biochemistry. It has the highest-energy phosphate bond found (−61.9 kJ/mol) in organisms, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.  In plants, it is also involved in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds, and in carbon fixation; in bacteria, it is also used as the source of energy for the phosphotransferase system.
John Collins (rugby union, born 1939)
John Law Collins (1 February 1939 — 29 May 2007) was a New Zealand rugby union international.

Raised in Tokomaru Bay, Collins was a second five-eighth and played his rugby with Gisborne Marist. He made his provincial debut for Poverty Bay in 1958 and was later a New Zealand Maori representative.

Collins missed three years of rugby in the early 1960s due to army service in Malaysia and on his return soon came into All Blacks contention. He gained his first cap in the opening 1964 Bledisloe Cup match against the Wallabies at Carisbrook, before a back injury kept him out of the remainder of the series. The following year, Collins was capped a further two times in the home series against the Springboks, at Athletic Park and Eden Park.

Collins was married to Ingrid Collins. The couple had two children; their son, Aaron, was a Poverty Bay representative and played professional rugby in Scotland.

Military history of New Zealand in Malaysia
The New Zealand armed forces saw action in Malaysia throughout the 1950s and 1960s, first as part of the British Commonwealth response to the Malayan Emergency, and then in defence of Malaysia in the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.
Oituz
Oituz (formerly Grozești; Hungarian: Gorzafalva) is a commune in Bacău County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Călcâi (Zöldlonka), Ferestrău-Oituz (Fűrészfalva), Hârja (Herzsa), Marginea, Oituz, and Poiana Sărată (Sósmező).

Oituz was the site of three battles during the First World War: the First, Second, and the Third Battle of Oituz.

According to Iorgu Iordan, the commune's name is of Turkic origin; otuz or oltuz means "thirty" in some Turkic languages.

Poiana Sărată village is part of Transylvania; in Austria-Hungary, it belonged to Háromszék County, and after a reorganization to Trei Scaune County in Romania until 1950.

Iorgu Iordan
Iorgu Iordan (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjorɡu jorˈdan]; also known as Jorgu Jordan or Iorgu Jordan; September 29 [O.S. October 11] 1888 – September 20, 1986) was a Romanian linguist, philologist, diplomat, journalist, and left-wing agrarian, later communist, politician. The author of works on a large variety of topics, most of them dealing with issues of the Romanian language and Romance languages in general, he was elected a full member of the Romanian Academy in 1945. He was head of its Institute of Linguistics (currently named after him and Alexandru Rosetti) between 1949 and his retirement in 1962.

He was the author of several Romanian language instruments, published under the aegis of the Romanian Academy (including Dicționarul limbii române – "Dictionary of the Romanian Language", Micul Dicționar Academic – "Concise Dictionary of the Academy" and Îndreptar ortografic, ortoepic și de punctuație – "Guide to Orthography, Orthoepy and Punctuation").
Graham Sheffield
Graham Edward Sheffield CBE (born 1952) is Director Arts for the British Council. He was previously Chief Executive Officer of Hong Kong's West Kowloon Cultural District Authority (WKCDA) and Artistic Director of the Barbican Centre in London.

Sheffield founded the South Bank Centre's Meltdown Festival and at the Barbican co-created the now long-running BITE (Barbican international theatre events), which was introduced to replace the departing resident Royal Shakespeare Company.

Sheffield is also a regular writer, lecturer and broadcaster on arts-related issues, including on the role of arts in international diplomacy and the potential impact of the UK leaving the European Union

Barbican
A barbican (from Old French: barbacane) is a fortified outpost or fortified gateway, such as at an outer defense perimeter of a city or castle, or any tower situated over a gate or bridge which was used for defensive purposes.
Hongisto
Hongisto is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Reijo Hongisto (born 1962), Finnish policeman and politician

Richard Hongisto (1936–2004), American businessman, politician, sheriff, and police chief

Visa Hongisto (born 1987), Finnish sprinter

Reijo Hongisto
Reijo Henrik Hongisto (born 16 April 1962 in Alajärvi) is a Finnish policeman and politician. He is a member of the Parliament of Finland since 2011, representing the Finns Party 2011–2017. On 13 June 2017, Hongisto and 19 others left the Finns Party parliamentary group to found the New Alternative parliamentary group.
First contact (science fiction)
First contact is a common theme in science fiction about the first meeting between humans and extraterrestrial life, or of any sapient species' first encounter with another one, given they are from different planets or natural satellites. It is closely related to the  anthropological idea of first contact.

Popularized by the 1897 book The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells, the concept was commonly used throughout the 1950s and 60s, often as an allegory for Soviet infiltration and invasion. The 1960s American television series Star Trek introduced the concept of the "Prime Directive", a regulation intended to limit the negative consequences of first contact.

Although there are a variety of circumstances under which first contact can occur, including indirect detection of alien technology, it is often portrayed as the discovery of the physical presence of an extraterrestrial intelligence. As a plot device, first contact is frequently used to explore a variety of themes.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (Northern Territory)
The Northern Territory Minister for Aboriginal Affairs is a Minister of the Crown in the Government of the Northern Territory. The minister administers their portfolio through the Department of the Chief Minister.

The Minister is responsible for Aboriginal affairs policy and coordination and the Office of Aboriginal Affairs.

The current minister is Selena Uibo (Labor). She was sworn in on 31 January 2019 following the dismissal of Ken Vowles on 21 December 2018 for breaking Cabinet confidentiality.

Minister of the Crown
Minister of the Crown is a formal constitutional term used in Commonwealth realms to describe a minister of the reigning sovereign or viceroy. The term indicates that the minister serves at His Majesty's pleasure, and advises the sovereign or viceroy on how to exercise the Crown prerogatives relating to the minister's department or ministry.
Jan Walc
Jan Walc (22 September 1948, Warsaw - 10 February 1993, Warsaw) was a Polish critic, literary historian, and journalist. He was the author of Feuilletons, reviews, reportage, and political and literary essays. A member of the democratic anti-communist opposition, the Workers Defense Committee (KOR), he was one of the organizers of the Independent Publishing House (NOWa), an underground publishing company and also operated the printing press. His works were published in Polityka, Kultura, Literatura na Świecie, Głos, Krytyka, Biuletyn Informacyjny, Kultura Niezależna, Puls, Zapis, Życie Warszawy, and Wokanda. He also wrote books on the works of Tadeusz Konwicki and Adam Mickiewicz.

He was born in Warsaw to a family of doctors, the son of Maria Róża Nowotna-Walcowa and Jan Stanisław Walc.

Życie Warszawy
Życie Warszawy (Polish pronunciation: [ˈʐɘ.t͡ɕɛ varˈʂa.vɘ], English: Life of Warsaw) was a Polish language newspaper published in Warsaw. Despite its name it was a national pro-establishment newspaper, but since 1990 it was an independent publication increasingly focused on local Varsovian issues.
Irinosawa Site
Irinosawa site (入の沢遺跡, Irinosawa iseki) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a late 4th century AD Kofun period settlement located in what is now the city of Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. The site received protection by the central government as a National Historic Site in 2017.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
Acanthotetilla celebensis
Acanthotetilla celebensis is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Tetillidae. It is only known from a single specimen collected at a depth of 14 m off Bunaken Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia.

This firm yellow sponge is roughly hemispherical and around 12 cm across. Like other species of the genus Acanthotetilla, it is characterized by the presence of distinctive spiny spicules called "megacanthoxeas". This sponge, however, differs from the other described species in that the megacanthoxeas exist in two distinctly different sizes as opposed to being uniform in size.

Sponge spicule
Spicules are structural elements found in most sponges. The meshing of many spicules serves as the sponge's skeleton and thus it provides structural support and potentially defense against predators.

Sponge spicules are made of calcium carbonate or silica. Large spicules visible to the naked eye are referred to as megascleres or macroscleres, while smaller, microscopic ones are termed microscleres. The composition, size, and shape of spicules are major characters in sponge systematics and taxonomy.
Boston Atlas
The Boston Atlas (1832–1857) newspaper of Boston, Massachusetts, was published in daily and semi-weekly editions in the mid-19th century. John H. Eastburn established the paper in 1832. Editors included Richard Hildreth, Richard Haughton, William Hayden, Thomas M. Brewer, William Schouler, R. Carter. Among the contributors: Joseph Carter Abbott, Benjamin Perley Poore, Samuel F. Tappan. Its office stood at no.18 State Street and later in the Old State House. The paper supported the Whig Party. Its Democratic rival, with which it sparred constantly, was The Boston Post. In 1857 the Boston Traveller absorbed The Atlas.

State Street (Boston)
State Street is one of the oldest and most historic streets in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Located in the financial district, it is the site of some historic landmarks, such as Long Wharf, the Old State House and the Boston Custom House.