hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Right to reality
The right to reality refers to the right to consume organic content as opposed to content created by artificial intelligence, or more broadly speaking, to experience life and the world as they are, not through simulations and simulacra. It was once defined as "the latest in a series of novel rights set forth in response to a sizable jump in technology".

A right to reality can also refer to the right to consume real news in opposition to fake news, as well as the right to receive information when in a news desert.

Simulacrum
A simulacrum (pl.: simulacra or simulacrums, from Latin simulacrum, meaning "likeness, semblance") is a representation or imitation of a person or thing. The word was first recorded in the English language in the late 16th century, used to describe a representation, such as a statue or a painting, especially of a god. By the late 19th century, it had gathered a secondary association of inferiority: an image without the substance or qualities of the original. Literary critic Fredric Jameson offers photorealism as an example of artistic simulacrum, in which a painting is created by copying a photograph that is itself a copy of the real thing. Other art forms that play with simulacra include trompe-l'œil, pop art, Italian neorealism, and French New Wave.
Grigol Maisuradze
Grigol (Giorgi) Maisuradze (Georgian: გრიგოლ [გიორგი] მაისურაძე) (1817–1885) was a Georgian painter and a founder of realistic school in the Georgian portraiture.

Maisuradze was born in Tsinandali into the family of serf of Prince Alexander Chavchavadze, a poet and general in the Imperial Russian service. In 1836, Chavchavadze emancipated Maisuradze and sponsored his education in St. Petersburg where he studied under guidance of Karl Bryullov. In the 1850s he returned to his native Georgia and taught painting in Kutaisi where he died in 1885. Most of his works have been lost.

Alexander Chavchavadze
Prince Alexander Chavchavadze (Georgian: ალექსანდრე ჭავჭავაძე, Russian: Александр Гарсеванович Чавчавадзе, romanized: Aleksandr Garsevanovich Chavchavadze; 1786 – 6 November 1846) was a Georgian poet, public benefactor and military figure. Regarded as the "father of Georgian romanticism", he was a pre-eminent Georgian aristocrat and a talented general in the Imperial Russian service.
Potbelly Sandwich Shop
Potbelly Sandwich Shop, also known as Potbelly Sandwich Works, is an American fast-casual restaurant chain with over 400 locations that focuses on submarine sandwiches and milkshakes. It is owned by RaceTrac.

Potbelly was founded in 1977 in Chicago, and its name refers to the potbelly stove. Potbelly offers sandwiches, many served hot, and soup, shakes, smoothies, potato chips, and cookies. Some locations formerly presented live music from local musicians during the lunch hours.

Potbelly carries Zapp's potato chips and previously had an exclusive Zapp's brand of dill pickle chips that had the flavor of a Potbelly pickle.

Smoothie
A smoothie is a beverage made by puréeing ingredients in a blender. A smoothie commonly has a liquid base, such as fruit juice or milk, yogurt or ice cream. Other ingredients may be added, including fruits, vegetables, non-dairy milk, crushed ice, whey powder or nutritional supplements.
The Fall of Saguntum
The Fall of Saguntum is a 1727 tragedy by the British writer Philip Frowde. The plot revolves around the Siege of Saguntum in the Second Punic War, and its fall the forces of the Carthaginian general Hannibal. Influenced by the style of John Addison's play Cato it was dedicated to  Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole.

Staged at Lincoln's Inn Fields the original cast included Anthony Boheme as Sicoris, Thomas Walker as Murrus, James Quin as Eurydamas, Charles Hulett as Theron, Richard Diggs as Lychormas, Lacy Ryan as Fabius, William Milward as Curtius, John Ogden as First Saguntium, Anne Berriman as Candace and Jane Rogers as Timandra. The prologue was written by Lewis Theobald.

John Ogden (actor)
John Ogden (died 1732) was a British stage actor of the eighteenth century.

He spent his entire stage career with John Rich's company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre which he joined in 1715. He was adept at playing both comedy and tragedy. During his time on the stage he had several runs in with the law and was arrested and sent to Newgate Prison for speaking "treasonable words". Presumably an opponent of the Hanoverian Succession, he was charged in January 1723 with resisting arrest, drawing his sword and threatening anybody who didn't support the Jacobite pretender James III. After serving three months he was released and returned to the theatre.
Gene Expression Omnibus
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) is a database for gene expression profiling and DNA methylation profiling managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). These high-throughput screening genomics data are derived from microarray or RNA-Seq experimental data. These data need to conform to the minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME) format.

High-throughput screening
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method for scientific discovery especially used in drug discovery and relevant to the fields of biology, materials science and chemistry. Using robotics, data processing/control software, liquid handling devices, and sensitive detectors, high-throughput screening allows a researcher to quickly conduct millions of chemical, genetic, or pharmacological tests. Through this process one can quickly recognize active compounds, antibodies, or genes that modulate a particular biomolecular pathway. The results of these experiments provide starting points for drug design and for understanding the noninteraction or role of a particular location.
Sender (telephony)
A sender is a type of circuit and system module in 20th-century electromechanical telephone exchanges. It registered the telephone numbers dialed by the subscriber, and transmitted that information to another part of the exchange or another exchange for the purpose of completing a telephone call.  Some American exchange designs, for example, of the No. 1 Crossbar switch used originating senders and terminating senders. The corresponding device in the British director telephone system was called a "director" and, in other contexts, "register".

Number One Crossbar Switching System
The Number One Crossbar Switching System (1XB), was the primary technology for urban telephone exchanges served by the Bell System in the mid-20th century. Its switch fabric used the electromechanical crossbar switch to implement the topology of the panel switching system of the 1920s. The first No. 1 Crossbar was installed in the PResident-2 central office at Troy Avenue in Brooklyn, New York which became operational in February 1938.
George Baker (baritone)
George Baker (10 February 1885 – 8 January 1976) was an English singer.  He is remembered for singing on thousands of gramophone records in a career that spanned 53 years, beginning in 1909.  He is especially associated with the comic baritone roles in recordings of the Gilbert & Sullivan operas. Baker made his stage debut in 1915 and toured during the 1920s.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
2022 WK League
The 2022 WK League was the 14th season of the WK League, the top division of women's football in South Korea. The regular season ran from 2 April to 27 October 2022, and the play-offs from 4 to 26 November 2022. The total number of rounds has been reduced from 28 to 21 due to the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and the 2022 Asian Games.

Suwon UDC was renamed Suwon FC Women after being affiliated with Suwon FC, and attracted attention with the signing of Ji So-yun, who is widely considered one of the greatest players in South Korean women's football.

WK League
The WK League (Hangul: WK리그) is a semi-professional women's football league, run by the Korea Football Association (KFA) and the Korea Women's Football Federation (KWFF), which represents the sport's highest level in South Korea.

Icheon Daekyo won the inaugural edition of the WK League in 2009 and won two more titles in 2011 and 2012. Incheon Hyundai Steel Red Angels are the most successful team in the league, having won eleven consecutive titles between 2013 and 2023.
Semestene
Semestene is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) north of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Sassari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 206 and an area of 39.8 square kilometres (15.4 sq mi).

Semestene borders the following municipalities: Bonorva, Cossoine, Macomer, Pozzomaggiore, Sindia.

Macomer
Macomer (Sardinian: Macumère) is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Nuoro in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy. It is situated on the southern ascent to the central plateau (the Campeda) of this part of Sardinia, at the junction of narrow-gauge lines branching from the main railroad line running east to Nuoro and west to Bosa. With a population of 9,073, it is the 31th-largest municipality in Sardinia.

The district, especially the Campeda, is well suited for grazing and horse and cattle breeding, which is carried on to a considerable extent.
Portrait of Marc Isambard Brunel
The  Portrait of Marc Isambard Brunel is a portrait painting by the English artist James Northcote depicting the French-born British engineer Marc Isambard Brunel. Brunel was a pioneering engineer of the Regency era known particularly for his creation of a block-making machine during the Napoleonic Wars and his later construction of the Thames Tunnel, a project which also involved his son Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

Northcote was a member of the Royal Academy and established portraitist. It was exhibited at the academy's Summer Exhibition in 1814. He was paid twenty guineas for the portrait, which was commissioned by Thomas Mudge, Brunel's business partner and the brother-in-law of his wife.

The work shows Brunel in a velvet coat with a model of one of his block-making machines in the background. Today it is part of the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London having been donated by the sitter's grandson Henry Marc Brunel in 1895.

Portsmouth Block Mills
The Portsmouth Block Mills form part of the Portsmouth Dockyard at Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, and were built during the Napoleonic Wars to supply the British Royal Navy with pulley blocks. They started the age of mass-production using all-metal machine tools (designed chiefly by Marc Isambard Brunel), and are regarded as one of the seminal buildings  of the British Industrial Revolution. They are also the site of the first stationary steam engines used by the Admiralty.

Since 2003 English Heritage has been undertaking a detailed survey of the buildings and the records relating to the machines.
Experty.by
Experty.by is a web-portal dedicated to music in Belarus, as well as the associated music awards of the same name of Belarusian music critics. Moreover, the portal acts as a coorganizer of another awards, the Rock Profi awards.

Belorusskaya Delovaya Gazeta
Belorusskaya Delovaya Gazeta (Russian: Белорусская деловая газета, BDG; English: "Belarusian Business Newspaper", Belarusian: Беларуская дзелавая газета) was a business-oriented bi-weekly Russian-language newspaper based in Minsk, Belarus.

Closed by the state authorities, the print version of the newspaper ceased to exist in 2006. The publication continues to operate as a website.
FC Porto (handball)
Futebol Clube do Porto (Portuguese pronunciation: [futɨˈβɔl ˈkluβɨ ðu ˈpoɾtu]), commonly referred to as FC Porto or simply Porto, is a Portuguese professional handball team based in Porto. Created in 1932, it is the senior representative side of the handball section of sports club FC Porto.

The team competes domestically in the top-tier league Andebol 1 and internationally in European Handball Federation club competitions, such as the EHF Champions League and the EHF European League. Home matches are played at the Dragão Arena, alongside the men's basketball and roller hockey, and women's volleyball teams. The current head coach is former Swedish international Magnus Andersson, who returned to the club after a one-season break, having held the job from 2018 to 2023.

EHF European League
The EHF European League is an annual men's handball club competition organised by the European Handball Federation (EHF) since 1981. It is the second-tier competition of European club handball, ranking only below the EHF Champions League. Previously called the EHF Cup, the competition will be known as the EHF European League from the season 2020–21. SG Flensburg-Handewitt are the current holders.
Amanda Lang
Amanda Lang (born 31 October 1970) is a Canadian business journalist, and host of Taking Stock, a weekly business news program on CTV, BNN Bloomberg and CP24. Previously, she was the host of Bloomberg North on Bloomberg TV Canada. Lang was formerly senior business correspondent for CBC News, where she anchored The Exchange with Amanda Lang daily on CBC News Network. Prior to her work with CBC, she worked as a print journalist for Canadian national newspapers and was an anchor for CNNfn and BNN.

Business journalism
Business journalism is the part of journalism that tracks, records, analyzes, and interprets the business, economic and financial activities and changes that take place in societies. Topics widely cover the entire purview of all commercial activities related to the economy.

This area of journalism provides news and feature articles about people, places, and issues related to the business sector. Newspapers, magazines, radio, and television-news shows can include a business segment. Detailed and in-depth business journalism may appear in publications, radio, and television channels dedicated specifically to business and financial journalism.
Dragon Cliff
Dragon Cliff is a basaltic monolith located on western Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada. It is the most striking feature of Expedition Fiord and rises several hundred metres out of the fiord. Dragon Cliff is made of flood basalt lava flows that contain more than 10 flow units totalling over 200 m (660 ft) of stratigraphic thickness. It is part of the Albian Strand Fiord Formation, which in turn forms part of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province. The Strand Fiord Formation is interpreted to represent the cratonward extension of the Alpha Ridge.

Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.
High (tectonics)
A high in structural geology and tectonics an area where tectonic uplift has taken place relative to its surroundings. Highs are often bounded by normal faults and can be regarded as the opposites of basins. A related word is a massif, an area where relative old rocks layers are found at the surface.  A small high can be called a horst.

Because of the relative uplift the accommodation space for sediments was relatively small and a high will have thinner sedimentary layers deposited on it compared to the surrounding basins.  Therefore, highs are not good places to study stratigraphic sequences as the sequence may be less detailed or even absent.

Tectonic uplift
Tectonic uplift is the geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics. While isostatic response is important, an increase in the mean elevation of a region can only occur in response to tectonic processes of crustal thickening (such as mountain building events), changes in the density distribution of the crust and underlying mantle, and flexural support due to the bending of rigid lithosphere.

Tectonic uplift results in denudation (processes that wear away the earth's surface) by raising buried rocks closer to the surface. This process can redistribute large loads from an elevated region to a topographically lower area as well – thus promoting an isostatic response in the region of denudation (which can cause local bedrock uplift). The timing, magnitude, and rate of denudation can be estimated by geologists using pressure-temperature studies.
Ramgarhia Misl
Ramgarhia Misl (Punjabi: ਰਾਮਗੜ੍ਹੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ (Gurmukhi) • رامگڑھیا مسل (Shahmukhi)) was a sovereign state (misl) in the Sikh Confederacy of Punjab region in present-day India and Pakistan. The misl's name is derived from Qila Ramgarh, a place located in Ramsar, near Amritsar, which was fortified and redesigned by Ramgarhia Misl chief Jassa Singh Ramgarhia. The Ramgarhia Misl was one of the twelve major Sikh misls, and held land near Amritsar.

Shahmukhi
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. 'from the Shah's or King's mouth', Gurmukhī: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan. It is generally written in the Nastaʿlīq calligraphic hand, which is also used for Persian and Urdu. Shahmukhi is one of the two standard scripts used for Punjabi, the other being Gurmukhī used mainly in Punjab, India. Shahmukhi is written from right to left and has 36 primary letters with some other additional letters.
Jay Howard (TV personality)
Jay Howard is a British disability advocate, and TV personality, best known for appearing on Channel 4 dating series Married At First Sight UK in 2023 and on the ITV panel series Unfiltered Women in 2024. Howard was the first disabled cast member to appear on Married At First Sight.

Married at First Sight (British TV series)
Married at First Sight is a British television programme where strangers start a marriage-like relationship with each other, meeting only minutes beforehand. Upon returning, they live together for a period of time, during which they meet at commitment ceremonies and choose whether or not they will continue their relationship. On 14 March 2021, Owen and Michelle from Series 5 became the first couple to celebrate their 1st wedding anniversary together.

On 24 November 2020, it was announced that the programme would move to Channel 4's sister channel E4 in 2021, and would use the format of its Australian counterpart following the highly successful broadcast of the latter on E4.

Following the success of Series 6, it was recommissioned for a longer 30-episode seventh series, and a 37-episode eighth series.
1983 Air Canada Cup
The 1983 Air Canada Cup was Canada's fifth annual national midget 'AAA' hockey championship, which was played April 17 – 24, 1983 at the Laval University Sports and Physical Education Pavilion (PEPS) in Ste-Foy, Quebec.  The Regina Pat Canadians defeated the Gouverneurs de Ste-Foy to win the gold medal.  The Andrew Maroons, representing the Thunder Bay District, captured the bronze medal.  Tony Hrkac of the Andrews Maroons led the tournament in scoring, while Kirk McLean of the Don Mills Flyers was named the Top Goaltender. Other future National Hockey League players competing in this tournament were Alain Côté, Peter Douris, Brent Fedyk, Wade Flaherty, Ian Herbers, Dale Kushner, Scott Mellanby, and Don Sweeney.

Scott Mellanby
Scott Edgar Mellanby (born June 11, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, coach, and executive. He primarily played right wing throughout his NHL career, on occasion shifting over to the left side. He is the son of former Hockey Night in Canada producer Ralph Mellanby.
USS Shaula
USS Shaula (AK-118) was a Crater-class cargo ship, converted from a Liberty Ship, commissioned by the US Navy for service in World War II. She was first named after James Screven, an American general during the American Revolutionary War. She was renamed and commissioned after Shaula, the second-brightest star system in the constellation of Scorpius. She was responsible for delivering troops, goods and equipment to locations in the war zone.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
2019–20 RFU Championship
The 2019–20 RFU Championship, known as the 2019–20 Greene King IPA Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the eleventh season of the RFU Championship, the professional second tier of rugby union in England. It featured eleven English teams and one from Jersey. The competition was sponsored by Greene King for the seventh successive season.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the Rugby Football Union officially cancelled the season on 20 March 2020, after initially postponing all rugby in England including training from 17 March until 14 April 2020. As a result, Newcastle Falcons were declared champions for the season, and promoted to the Premiership on 2 April 2020 on the basis of a best playing record formula, having been undefeated and top of the table when the league was suspended, while Yorkshire Carnegie were relegated to National League 1 at the bottom.

Greene King
Greene King is a British pub and brewing company founded in 1799, currently based in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. The company also owns brands including Hungry Horse and Farmhouse Inns, as well as other pubs, restaurants and hotels. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE), until it was acquired by CK Assets in October 2019.

Its best known beers are Greene King IPA and Abbot Ale, the third and fifth highest selling cask ales in Britain.
High Tech Park station
High Tech Park station (Vietnamese: Ga Khu Công nghệ cao) is an elevated Ho Chi Minh City Metro station on Line 1. Located opposite Saigon Hi-Tech Park and in front of The Coca-Cola Beverages Vietnam Company, the station opened on 22 December 2024.

HCMC Metro Line 1
Line 1, also known as Bến Thành – Suối Tiên Line, is a rapid transit line of the HCMC Metro in Vietnam. It is the city's first metro line and the nation's first underground metro line, connecting District 1, Bình Thạnh, and Thủ Đức City.

Construction began in 2012, with an initial completion date set for 2018. However, the project's completion was delayed multiple times. The line was officially opened for service on 22 December 2024.

Ticket prices range from 7,000–20,000 VND (US$0.27–0.79) per trip or 6,000–19,000 VND (US$0.20–0.75) for cashless payments.

From the planning in 2024, Line 1 will be extended from Ben Thanh station to An Ha Depot, bringing the total length this Line to 40.8 km.