hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cassiana
Cassiana is a monotypic snout moth genus described by Carl Heinrich in 1956. Its only species, Cassiana malacella, was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Mexico, the southern United States, the British Virgin Islands Puerto Rico and Bermuda.

The wingspan is 15–17 mm. The forewings are pale grayish fuscous, although the area between the cell and the costa is white with a faint, scattered dusting of reddish scales. The hindwings are whitish, the veins outlined by dark scales, and a narrow smoky border along the termen and costa.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Lowell School (Washington, D.C.)
Lowell School is an independent, diverse, co-educational preschool through 8th grade school located in the Colonial Village neighborhood near Shepherd Park Washington, D.C. The school was founded by Judith Grant and Susan Semple in 1965 during the Civil Rights Movement on the educational philosophies of Haim Ginott, Jean Piaget, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and Friedrich Fröbel.

Friedrich Fröbel
Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel or Froebel (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʔaʊɡʊst ˈfʁøːbl̩] ⓘ; 21 April 1782 – 21 June 1852) was a German pedagogue, a student of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the kindergarten and coined the word, which soon entered the English language as well. He also developed the educational toys known as Froebel gifts.
Östen Bergstrand
Carl Östen Emanuel Bergstrand (1 September 1873 – 27 September 1948) was a Swedish astronomer.

He was Professor of Astronomy at Uppsala University from 1909 until 1938 and from where he received his Ph.D. in astronomy in 1899 under Nils Christoffer Dunér.  His early work was focused on astrometrics, particularly in the examination of photographic plates to measure stellar parallax. He used the orbital motions of the moons of Uranus to measure the rotation period and equatorial flattening of the planet. He also made studies of the solar corona, using photographs from the 1914 solar eclipse expedition.

He wrote works on astronomy for the general public, including Astronomi (1925).

The crater Bergstrand on the Moon is named after him.

Bergstrand (crater)
Bergstrand is a lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon. It is located just to the southeast of the prominent crater Aitken, and northeast of the walled plain Vertregt.

The rim of Bergstrand is roughly circular, except along the southwest where the larger satellite crater Bergstrand Q intrudes into the outer wall. With one small craterlet covering the southern rim, Bergstrand's outer wall is otherwise only slightly worn. There are a few small craterlets on the mostly flat interior floor.
A Lanterna
A Lanterna (English: The Lantern) was an anarchist periodical founded by Benjamim Mota whose main theme was anti-clericalism, published in Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century in three distinct phases, directed by Benjamim Mota from 1901 to 1904, by Edgard Leuenroth from 1909 to 1916 and from 1933 to 1935. José Oiticica published his first anarchist text in it.

Edgard Leuenroth
Edgard Leuenroth (October 31, 1881 – September 28, 1968) was a Brazilian journalist, publisher and writer, who became famous for his documentation of the country's earliest social movements, particularly the communist, socialist and anarchist worker's and intellectual's activities and movements. He founded the Brazilian newspaper A Plebe with Fábio Lopes dos Santos Luz.
Joseph-Barthélemi Merleau
Joseph-Barthélemi Merleau (January 18, 1891 – February 13, 1954) was a Canadian lumber merchant and politician in Quebec. He represented Gatineau in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1935 to 1936.

The son of Léon-Herménégilde Merleau, a merchant, and Helen Skeehan, he was born in Lac-Sainte-Marie and was educated at the College of the Clerics of Saint Viator in Outremont. Merleau served as mayor of Gracefield from 1933 to 1937.

He was elected to the Quebec assembly in 1935, then was defeated by Georges-Adélard Auger when he ran for reelection in 1936.

From 1938 to 1942, Merleau worked in expropriation in the Eastern Townships. From 1942 to 1952, he was assistant controller for the Quebec Department of Revenue.

He was married twice: first to Veronica Stella Grace in 1912 and then to Janet Mildred Amy Laylor Gosselin in 1943.

He died in Kazabazua at the age of 63.

Gatineau (provincial electoral district)
Gatineau (French pronunciation: [ɡatino]) is a provincial electoral district in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It includes parts of the city of Gatineau, as well as Val-des-Monts, Cantley, and La Pêche.

The district was created from parts of Hull for the 1931 election.

In the transition from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it gained Val-des-Monts from the Papineau electoral district but lost some territory to the Chapleau electoral district.
Daniela Keller
Daniela Keller (born 16 April 1985 in Schachen-Reute) is a Swiss former competitive ice dancer. With her brother, Fabian Keller, she is the 2005 Swiss national champion and a five-time junior national champion. They skated in the final segment at five ISU Championships – four World Junior Championships (2001–2004) and the 2005 European Championships in Turin, Italy. They competed in the original dance at the 2005 World Championships in Moscow, Russia.

2005 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2005 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2004–05 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event was held at the Palavela in Turin, Italy from 25 January through 30, 2005.

The Turin event was the official site-testing competition, or test event, for the 2006 Winter Olympics, which would be held in the same arena. It was the first European Championship to use the IJS which replaced the 6.0 system.

The compulsory dance was the Golden Waltz.
Leopold Rügheimer
Leopold Rügheimer (May 5, 1850 – May 24, 1917) was a notable German chemist whose name is connected to the Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis, a reaction that was discovered by himself and Wilhelm Staedel. Rügheimer was born in Walldorf (near Meiningen) in 1850 as the son of a merchant. He studied at the universities of Leipzig, Würzburg and Tübingen. He died in Kiel in 1917 after a successful academic career.

Meiningen
Meiningen (German: [ˈmaɪnɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the southern part of the German state of Thuringia. It is located in the region of Franconia and has a population of around 26,000 (2024). Meiningen is the capital and the largest town of the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district. From 1680 to 1918, Meiningen was the capital of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen and from 1918 to 1920 of the Free State of Saxe-Meiningen.

Meiningen is considered the cultural, judicial and financial centre of southern Thuringia and thus hosts the state theatre, justice center, state archives, bank buildings and many museums. It is economically reliant on mechanical engineering, high-tech industry and tourism. The dialect and language of the inhabitants is East Franconian.
Pleurophyllum hookeri
Pleurophyllum hookeri, also known as the silver-leaf daisy or sage-green rosette herb, is a herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae, a megaherb native to the subantarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands of New Zealand and Australia’s Macquarie Island.  It grows up to 900 mm in height and has crimson button flowers and long, silky, silver leaves, with a large carrot-like tuber and long roots.  It also has the unusual feature of a vertically contractile stem, most of which is underground, which serves to keep the leaf rosette close to the ground surface and the plant anchored securely against the very strong winds typical of subantarctic islands.  Prior to the successful eradication of introduced mammals on Macquarie Island in 2011, it had been threatened there by black rats and European rabbits.

Black rat
The black rat (Rattus rattus), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus Rattus, in the subfamily Murinae. It is a generalist omnivore that can live on a wide variety of foods. It associates extensively with humans, and most populations are synanthropic. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is now found worldwide.

The black rat is black to light brown in colour with a lighter underside. It is a prominent pest to farmers because it feeds on a wide range of agricultural crops. It is sometimes kept as a pet, though most domestic rats are a subspecies of the brown rat. In parts of India, it is considered sacred and respected, notably at the Karni Mata Temple in Deshnoke.
St David's Marist, Inanda
St David's Marist Inanda is a private English medium Roman Catholic preparatory and high school for boys in Inanda, a suburb of Sandton, South Africa, overlooking the Sandton CBD to the north. St David's Marist Inanda also has a campus in Alexandra, just east of the Sandton CBD. The school was established in 1941 by the Marist Brothers.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
John Lanne Buchanan
John Lanne Buchanan (fl. 1780–1816), was a Scottish author and a native of Menteith, Perthshire, and was educated at the grammar school of Callander and the University of Glasgow. For some years, he was assistant to Robert Menzies, minister of Comrie, and after he died in 1760, he went as a missionary of the Church of Scotland to the Western Isles. He later resided in London.

Callander
Callander (/ˈkæləndər/; Scottish Gaelic: Calasraid) is a small town in the council area of Stirling in Scotland, situated on the River Teith. The town is located in the historic county of Perthshire and is a popular tourist stop to and from the Highlands.
Gomshavar
41°06′N 44°55′E﻿ / ﻿41.100°N 44.917°E﻿ / 41.100; 44.917

Gomshavar (also - Gomshajur, Armenian: Գոմշավար, Գոմշաջուր) is a former town in the current territory of the Tavush region of Armenia. Before 1950, Gomshavar was a small community engaged in forestry. In 1926, it had 17 inhabitants, while in 1970 it had 580 inhabitants.

Tavush Province
Tavush (Armenian: Տավուշ, Armenian pronunciation: [tɑˈvuʃ] ⓘ) is a province of Armenia located at the northeast of Armenia, bordered by Georgia from the north and Azerbaijan from the east. Internally, Tavush borders the Gegharkunik Province from the south, Kotayk Province from the southwest, and the Lori Province from west. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Ijevan.
G. Bhuvaneswari
Gurumoorthy Bhuvaneswari (born 1965) is an Indian electrical engineer whose research involves power electronics, electric power conversion, and electric machines. She is a professor at Mahindra University.

Electric power conversion
In electrical engineering, power conversion is the process of converting electrical energy from one form to another.

A power converter is an electrical device for converting electrical energy between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It can also change the voltage or frequency of the current.

Power converters include simple devices such as transformers, and more complex ones like resonant converters. The term can also refer to a class of electrical machinery that is used to convert one frequency of alternating current into another. Power conversion systems often incorporate redundancy and voltage regulation.

Power converters are classified based on the type of power conversion they perform. One way of classifying power conversion systems is based on whether the input and output is alternating or direct current.
Gregg Brown
Gregg Brown (born 20 December 1972) is an English cricketer.  Brown is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Bath, Somerset.

Brown represented the Somerset Cricket Board in a single List A match against Bedfordshire in the 2nd round of the 1999 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he scored 3 runs

and took a single catch.

1999 NatWest Trophy
The 1999 NatWest Trophy was the 19th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 4 May and 29 August 1999. The tournament was won by Gloucestershire who defeated Somerset by 50 runs in the final at Lord's.
Edge East Side Tower
EDGE East Side Tower is a 36-storey, 142 metres (466 ft) skyscraper in the Friedrichshain district of Berlin, Germany. It is currently the tallest multistory building in the city, until the completion of the Estrel Tower. It was completed at the end of 2023, and was designed by Bjarke Ingels Group. The main tenant is Amazon.

Mediaspree
Mediaspree is one of the largest property investment projects in Berlin. It aims to establish telecommunication and media companies along a section of the banks of the river Spree as well as to implement an urban renewal of the surrounding area. So far, for the most part, unused or temporarily occupied real estate is to be converted into office buildings, lofts, hotels, and other new structures.

The plans date predominantly from the 1990s, but only a part of them was implemented due to unfavorable economic circumstances at the time. Promoters saw in this project a great opportunity for the former East Berlin, while critics saw the selling-out of the area's most valuable properties. The following criteria were defined for sustainable location development:

Public access to the riverfront,

Buildings with ground-floor public areas,

A mixture of large-scale and small-scale use,

Ambitious architectural concepts,

The integration of art and media.
Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces
Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces was a senior officer in the British Army during the First and Second World Wars. The role of the appointment was firstly to oversee the training and equipment of formations in preparation for their deployment overseas, and secondly, to command the forces required to defend the United Kingdom against an enemy incursion or invasion.

Military education and training
Military education and training is a process which intends to establish and improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles. Military training may be voluntary or compulsory duty. It begins with recruit training, proceeds to education and training specific to military roles, and sometimes includes additional training during a military career. Directing staff are the military personnel who comprise the instructional staff at a military training institution.

In some countries, military education and training are parts of the compulsory education. The organizers believe that military education can bring some benefits and experiences that cannot be obtained from normal class like setback education. Moreover, participants are able to learn survival skills during the military education, like co-operations and resilience, which help participants improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles.
Tom Hedderson
Thomas J. Hedderson  MHA (May 7, 1954 – August 8, 2022) was a Canadian politician in Newfoundland and Labrador. He was a cabinet minister and served as the Parliamentary Assistant to the Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, Kathy Dunderdale.

Hedderson represented the district of Harbour Main from 1999 until 2015, being re-elected three times. He previously held the portfolios of Minister of Education, Minister of Tourism, Culture and Recreation, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, Transportation and Works, and Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Before entering politics Hedderson worked as a principal.

Hedderson died on August 8, 2022, at the age of 68.

Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador
The premier of Newfoundland and Labrador is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Since 1949, the premier's duties and office has been the successor to the ministerial position of the prime minister of the former Dominion of Newfoundland. Before 2001, the official title was Premier of Newfoundland.

The premier is appointed by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, as representative of the King in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador. They are usually the leader of the party that commands a majority in the House of Assembly. The word premier is derived from the French word of the same spelling, meaning "first"; and ultimately from the Latin word primarius, meaning "primary".

The current premier of Newfoundland and Labrador is Tony Wakeham, since October 29, 2025. He represents Stephenville-Port au Port in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly.
Trollope ploy
A Trollope ploy is a negotiation technique named after an incident from an Anthony Trollope novel, in which a woman interprets a casual romantic gesture, such as squeezing her hand, as a marriage proposal.

Anthony Trollope
Anthony Trollope (/ˈtrɒləp/ TROL-əp; 24 April 1815 – 6 December 1882) was an English novelist and civil servant of the Victorian era. Among the best-known of his 47 novels are two series of six novels each collectively known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire and the Palliser novels, as well as his longest novel, The Way We Live Now. His novels address political, social, and gender issues and other topical matters. He also wrote an autobiography, a book on William Makepeace Thackeray, a book on Lord Palmerston, five travel books, and 42 short stories.

Trollope's literary reputation dipped during the last years of his life, but he regained somewhat of a following by the mid-20th century.
White House Communications Director
The White House communications director or White House director of communications, also known officially as Assistant to the President for Communications, is part of the senior staff of the president of the United States. The officeholder is responsible for developing and promoting the agenda of the president and leading its media campaign.

The director, along with their staff, works on major political speeches such as the inaugural address and the State of the Union Address. The communications director, who is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the president, without the need for United States Senate confirmation, is usually given an office in the West Wing of the White House.

Media strategy
Media strategy, as used in the advertising or content delivery (online broadcasting) industries, is concerned with how messages will be delivered to consumers or niche markets. It involves identifying the characteristics of the target audience or market as well as who should receive messages and defining the characteristics of the media that will be used for the delivery of the messages, with the intent being to influence the behavior of the target audience or market pertinent to the initial brief. Examples of such strategies today have revolved around an Integrated Marketing Communications approach whereby multiple channels of media are used i.e. advertising, public relations, events, direct response media, etc.

This concept has been used among proponents of entertainment-education programming where pro-social messages are embedded into dramatic episodic programs to change the audiences attitudes and behaviors in such areas as family planning, literacy, nutrition, smoking, etc.
2013 Esiliiga
The 2013 season of the Esiliiga, the second level in the Estonian football system, is the twenty-third season in the league's history. The season officially began on 3 March 2013 and ended on 10 November 2013. However, on 3 March the Estonian Football Association announced that all matches scheduled for 3 March 2013 would be postponed due to heavy snowfall. The previous league champions Infonet were promoted to Meistriliiga while Pärnu Linnameeskond and Kohtla-Järve Lootus were relegated to Esiliiga B division. For this season those three teams are replaced by Jõhvi Lokomotiv from II Liiga East/North division and Viljandi Tulevik and Vändra Vaprus from II Liiga West/South division.

Pärnu Linnameeskond
Pärnu Linnameeskond or simply Pärnu, was an Estonian football club based in Pärnu. Founded in 2010 as the union of Vaprus, Pärnu JK and Pärnu Kalev. Pärnu Linnameeskond finished 2014 Esiliiga season in third place and was promoted to Meistriliiga. Linnameeskond broke up after second season in the top tier with Vaprus inheriting their league spot for 2017.
The Celebrated Scandal
The Celebrated Scandal is a lost 1915 silent film feature directed by James Durkin and starring Betty Nansen. Although the film's copyright registration states that J. Gordon Edwards "picturized" the film, the opinion of film historians, including the American Film Institute, is that while Edwards may have worked on a discarded earlier version, he did not contribute to the picture as released. The Celebrated Scandal was produced and distributed by the Fox Film Corporation.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
2000 Norfolk Island legislative election
The 2000 Norfolk Island legislative election was held on 23 February 2000 to elect the 9 members of the Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly, the  legislative body of Norfolk Island.

Following the election, a referendum was held on whether new elections should be held in 2001, instead of the scheduled date of 2003. The referendum was successful, and the next election was brought forward to 29 November 2001.

2001 Norfolk Island early election referendum
A referendum on holding early elections to the Legislative Assembly was held in Norfolk Island on 24 October 2001. The citizen-initiated vote proposed bringing forwards the elections scheduled for 2003.

Voters were asked "Should a new election be held for the full membership of the Legislative Assembly at the earliest convenient date?". The proposal was approved by slightly less than 60% of voters, leading to an election on 29 November 2001.