hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aşağıyolak, Bitlis
Aşağıyolak (Kurdish: Çeman) is a village in the Bitlis District of Bitlis Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 34 in 2021.

It was burned by authorities in the early 1990s, during the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.

Villages of Turkey
A village (Turkish: köy, karye in the Ottoman era) is the second smallest settlement unit in Turkey.

The 51 regular provinces of Turkey and 30 province-level metropolitan municipalities are divided into districts.

A 2013 reform converted all 16,803 villages in the metropolitan municipalities, into neighborhoods (Turkish: mahalle) of the districts.

Remaining villages are in the rural areas of the districts in regular provinces, and have about 8.7% of the country's population. Each village or neighborhood elects a muhtar. Some more populous villages have been incorporated as towns (Turkish: belde), but in the others, the muhtar is responsible for all village services.

As of 2023, there are 18,277 villages and 32,261 neighbourhoods in Turkey.
Now and Forever (1956 film)
Now and Forever is a 1956 British drama film directed by Mario Zampi and starring Janette Scott, Vernon Gray and Kay Walsh. It was written by R.F. Delderfield and Michael Pertwee based on the 1953 play The Orchard Walls by R.F. Delderfield, and was Scott's first adult role after a career as a child star in Britain. The screenplay concerns an upper-class girl who becomes romantically involved with a garage mechanic, and they head for Gretna Green to elope.

Child actor
A child actor or child actress is a child acting on stage, television or in movies. An adult who began their acting career as a child may also be called a child actor or a "former child actor". Closely associated terms include teenage actor or teen actor, which refer to an actor who gained popularity as a teenager.

Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, mainly due to typecasting. Macaulay Culkin and Lindsay Lohan are two particularly famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at an early age. Some child actors have successful acting careers as adults; for example Mickey Rooney, Elizabeth Taylor, Jodie Foster, Christian Bale, Drew Barrymore, Saoirse Ronan. Other child actors have gone on to successful careers in other fields, including director Ron Howard, politicians Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński, James Jebbia, and singer Jenny Lewis.
Betty Flehinger
Betty Jeanne Flehinger-Schultz (née Isaacs, c. 1922 – May 21, 2000) was a biostatistician known for her research on clinical decision support systems and cancer screening. She worked for many years for IBM Research.

IBM Research
IBM Research is the research and development division for IBM, an American multinational information technology company. IBM Research is headquartered at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, near IBM headquarters in Armonk, New York. It is the largest industrial research organization in the world with operations in over 170 countries and twelve laboratories on six continents.

IBM employees have garnered six Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, 20 inductees into the U.S. National Inventors Hall of Fame, 19 National Medals of Technology, five National Medals of Science and three Kavli Prizes. As of 2018, the company had generated more patents than any other business in each of 25 consecutive years.
Anastasia Bliznyuk
Anastasia Ilyinichna Bliznyuk (Russian: Анастасия Ильинична Близнюк, IPA: [ɐnəstɐˈsʲijə blʲɪˈzʲnʲuk]; born 28 June 1994) is a Russian rhythmic gymnast and coach. She is a two-time Group All-around champion at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics, silver medalist at the 2020 Olympics, world champion at the 2017 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, bronze medalist at the 2013 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, and three-time European champion at the 2012, 2016 and 2018 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships. She is the third group rhythmic gymnast to win two gold medals in the Olympic Games after the late Natalia Lavrova and Yelena Posevina, and the only rhythmic gymnast to win three medals in the Olympic Games.

2013 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup series
The 2013 FIG World Cup circuit in Rhythmic Gymnastics includes one category A event (Sofia) and seven category B events. Apart from Tartu, Bucharest and Corbeil-Essonnes (individuals only), all events include both individual and group competitions, with all-around competitions serving as qualifications for the finals by apparatus. With stopovers in Europe only, the competitions took place on 8 – 10 February in Tartu (EST), 3 – 6 April in Lisbon (POR), 19 – 21 April April in Bucharest (ROU), 26 – 28 April in Pesaro (ITA), 4 – 5 May in Sofia (BUL), 10 – 12 May in Corbeil-Essonnes (FRA), 17 – 19 May in Minsk (BLR) and 17 – 18 August in St Petersburg (RUS). The world ranking points collected by the competitors at their best four World Cup events added up to a total, and the top scorers in each event were crowned winners of the overall series at the final event in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Protorthoptera
The Protorthoptera are an extinct order of Palaeozoic insects, and represent a wastebasket taxon and paraphyletic assemblage of basal neoptera. They appear during the Middle Carboniferous (late Serpukhovian or early Bashkirian), making them among the earliest known winged insects in the fossil record. Pronotal lobes may be expanded to form a shield. The group includes the ancestors of all other polyneopterous insects.

Serpukhovian
The Serpukhovian is in the ICS geologic timescale the uppermost stage or youngest age of the Mississippian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Serpukhovian age lasted from 330.3 Ma to 323.4 Ma. It is preceded by the Visean and is followed by the Bashkirian. The Serpukhovian correlates with the lower part of the Namurian Stage of European stratigraphy and the middle and upper parts of the Chesterian Stage of North American stratigraphy.
Mike Gaule
Michael John Gaule (August 4, 1869 – January 24, 1918) was an American professional baseball player. He played in one game for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association in 1889.

A local semi-pro player who had played a couple of seasons of minor league baseball, Gaule served as a replacement player when several members of the Colonels refused to play in protest of owner Mordecai Davidson's failure to pay them. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland and died there at the age of 48.

American Association (1882–1891)
The American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from 1882 to 1891. Together with the National League (NL), founded in 1876, the AA participated in an early version of the World Series seven times versus the champion of the NL in an interleague championship playoff tournament. At the end of its run, several AA franchises joined the NL. After 1891, the NL existed alone, with each season's champions being awarded the Temple Cup (1894–1897).

During its existence, the AA was often simply referred to as "the Association" in the media, in contrast to the NL, which was sometimes called "the League". It was also sometimes called the "Beer and Whiskey League".
Canyon Passage
Canyon Passage is a 1946 American Western film directed by Jacques Tourneur, and set in the American frontier era of the old Oregon Territory in the mid-1850s. It stars Dana Andrews, Susan Hayward, and Brian Donlevy. Featuring love triangles and an Indian natives uprising, the film was adapted from the 1945 novelette in the Saturday Evening Post magazine of Canyon Passage by Ernest Haycox. Hoagy Carmichael, (music) and Jack Brooks (lyrics) were nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Song ("Oscar") for the popular tune of "Ole Buttermilk Sky" sung by country-western music singer Carmichael of the late 1940s and 1950s.

Andy Devine
Andrew Vabre Devine (October 7, 1905 – February 18, 1977) was an American character actor known for his distinctive raspy, crackly voice  and roles in Western films, including his role as Cookie, the sidekick of Roy Rogers in 10 feature films. He also appeared alongside John Wayne in films such as Stagecoach (1939), The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, and How the West Was Won (both 1962). He is also remembered as Jingles on the TV series The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok from 1951 to 1958, as Danny McGuire in A Star Is Born (1937), and as the voice of Friar Tuck in the Disney Animation Studio film Robin Hood (1973).
2014 NCAA Division III baseball tournament
The 2014 NCAA Division III baseball tournament was played at the end of the 2014 NCAA Division III baseball season to determine the 39th national champion of college baseball at the NCAA Division III level.  The tournament concluded with eight teams competing at Neuroscience Group Field at Fox Cities Stadium in Grand Chute, Wisconsin for the championship.  Eight regional tournaments were held to determine the participants in the World Series. Regional tournaments were contested in double-elimination format, with four regions consisting of six teams, and four consisting of eight, for a total of 56 teams participating in the tournament.  The tournament champion was Wisconsin–Whitewater, who defeated Emory for the championship.

Emory Eagles
The Emory Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Emory University, located in Atlanta, Georgia, in NCAA Division III intercollegiate sports.

The Eagles compete as members of the University Athletic Association (UAA) for all sports.
Tau7 Eridani
Tau7 Eridani is a solitary star in the constellation Eridanus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.235. Using the parallax method, the distance to this star can be estimated as around 251 light years.

This is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A3 Vs, where the 's' indicates it has narrow absorption lines. It may be a chemically peculiar Am star, which means it displays unusual abundances of certain elements in its surface layers. Tau7 Eridani appears to be a low amplitude variable that displays slight fluctuations in luminosity over a period of 7.17 days. It is slowly rotating with a projected rotational velocity of 18 km/s, and is around 387 million years old.

Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period). The amplitude of a non-periodic signal is its magnitude compared with a reference value. There are various definitions of amplitude (see below), which are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes called the amplitude.
1991 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1
The 1991 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1 was the third season of the Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1. A total of 10 teams participated in the season.

Terengganu and Kelantan were promoted from 1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2.

Under the new format, only the top six teams in Divisyen 1 and the Divisyen 2 champions and runners-up will be involved in the Malaysia Cup. Malaysia Cup was played from the quarter-final stage, scheduled for November after the league was finished. The Malaysia Cup quarter-final and semi-final matches will be played on a home and away basis.

The season kicked off on 27 April 1991. Johor ended up the season by winning the title.

Singapore FA
Singapore FA was a representative team of the Football Association of Singapore in competitions run by the Football Association of Malaysia, separate from the Singapore national team. Despite dissolving in 1994, it is still by far the second most successful team in Malaysia with 65 honours (only surpassed by its rival Selangor). Its derby with Selangor was known as the most North-South Rivalry.
The Suffragette Minstrels
The Suffragette Minstrels is a short silent movie from 1913 written by Dorothy Gish and directed by Dell Henderson. It starred Sylvia Ashton and included Gertrude Bambrick, William Beaudine, and William J. Butler, among others.

Dorothy Gish
Dorothy Elizabeth Gish (March 11, 1898 – June 4, 1968) was an American stage and screen actress. Dorothy and her older sister Lillian Gish were major movie stars of the silent era. Dorothy also had great success on the stage, and was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. Dorothy Gish was noted as a fine comedian, and many of her films were comedies.
Arizona Wildcats track and field
The Arizona Wildcats track and field team is the track and field program that represents University of Arizona. The Wildcats compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Big 12 Conference. The team is based in Tucson, Arizona, at the Roy P. Drachman Stadium.

The program is coached by Andrew Dubs. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

From 2012 to 2014, Lawi Lalang won seven NCAA individual titles in long-distance running, the most of any Wildcat track and field athlete.

Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women championships
The Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women was founded in 1971 to govern collegiate women's athletics and to administer national championships.  During its existence, the AIAW and its predecessor, the Division for Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS), recognized via these championships the teams and individuals who excelled at the highest level of women's collegiate competition.

After the 1981–82 academic year, the AIAW discontinued sponsorship of national championships and later was legally dissolved.  At this time, the NCAA assumed sole sanctioning authority of its member schools' women's sports programs.
Medulla of ovary
The medulla of ovary (or Zona vasculosa of Waldeyer) is a highly vascular stroma in the center of the ovary.  It forms from embryonic mesenchyme and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

This stroma forms the tissue of the hilum by which the ovarian ligament is attached, and through which the blood vessels enter: it does not contain any ovarian follicles.

Mesenchyme
Mesenchyme (/ˈmɛsənkaɪm ˈmiːzən-/) is a type of loosely organized animal embryonic connective tissue of undifferentiated cells that give rise to many tissues, such as skin, blood, or bone. The interactions between mesenchyme and epithelium help to form nearly every organ in the developing embryo.
Moses Majekodunmi
Chief Moses Adekoyejo Majekodunmi (Yoruba: Adékóyèjọ Májẹ̀kódùnmí, pronunciationⓘ; 17 August 1916 – 11 April 2012) was a Nigerian gynaecologist and obstetrician. He was Minister of Health in the Nigerian First Republic.

As an Oloye of the Yoruba people, he held the chieftaincy titles of the Mayegun of Lagos and the Otun Balogun of the Christians of Egbaland.

Nigerian Chieftaincy
The Nigerian Chieftaincy is the chieftaincy system that is native to Nigeria. Consisting of everything from the country's monarchs to its titled family elders, the chieftaincy as a whole is one of the oldest continuously existing institutions in Nigeria and is legally recognized by its government.
Malari
Malari, situated in the Dhauli Ganga valley within the Nanda Devi Biosphere reserve, is a small village near the Tibet border. The area has been designated as a world heritage site. It is located 61 km from Joshimath, the nearest tehsil in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand.

Special permission from the administration is required to proceed beyond Malari in the Niti Valley. Malari serves as a summer migration place for the villagers, who follow a six-month migration cycle. They reside in the village only during the period of mid-April to mid-September or early October, before migrating to another location for the winter.

The population of Malari is 649 according to the 2001 census, composed of 318 males and 331 females.

Chamoli district
Chamoli district is a district of the Uttarakhand state of India. It is bounded by China's Xizang Autonomous Region to the north, and by the Uttarakhand districts of Pithoragarh and Bageshwar to the east, Almora to the south, Pauri Garhwal to the southwest, Rudraprayag to the west, and Uttarkashi to the northwest. The administrative headquarters of Chamoli district is in Gopeshwar.

Chamoli hosts a variety of destinations of pilgrim and tourist interest including Badrinath, Hemkund Sahib and Valley of Flowers. The Chipko movement was first started in Chamoli.
Twin inverted pulse radar
Twin Inverted Pulse Radar (TWIPR or TWIPS) is a type of radar where a negative and a positive pulse are sent out in quick succession.  The twin pulses will cancel each other when hitting objects like trees, foliage, and metals. But a semiconductor device will invert the negative pulse into a positive which will add to the other positive pulse and result in a strong return pulse. This is how dolphins locate fish through a cloud of bubbles.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Stickley
Stickley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnold Stickley (1926–1998), English golfer

Gustav Stickley (1858–1942), American furniture manufacturer, design leader, and publisher

Jim Stickley, American businessman

Jon Stickley, American guitarist

Arnold Stickley
Arnold Frank Stickley (18 February 1926 – 31 December 1998) was an English professional golfer. He finished tied for 11th place in the 1959 Open Championship, having been joint leader with Fred Bullock after a first round 68.

Stickley won the PGA Close Championship in 1960. Mist on the opening morning meant that, with 162 competitors, the opening round could not be completed. The second round was reduced to nine holes to allow it to be completed on the second day. Stickley won a first prize of £275, the Slazenger Trophy, and a special award of £100.
Hei Glacier
Hei Glacier (72°29′S 0°35′E﻿ / ﻿72.483°S 0.583°E﻿ / -72.483; 0.583) is a glacier flowing northwest between the Hamrane Heights and the Robin Heights in the Sverdrup Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Heibreen (the upland glacier).

Sverdrup Mountains
The Sverdrup Mountains (Norwegian: Sverdrupfjella) are a group of mountains about 80 km (50 mi) long, standing just west of the Gjelsvik Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 2,855 metres (9,367 ft), Hamartind Peak forms the highest point in the Sverdrup Mountains.
1968 Wales rugby union tour of Argentina
In 1968, the Wales national rugby union team toured Argentina for a series of rugby union matches against Argentine regional and invitational teams, as well as two matches against the Argentina national team.

John Dawes
Sydney John Dawes  OBE (29 June 1940 – 16 April 2021) was a Welsh rugby union player, playing at centre, and later coach. He captained London Welsh, Wales, the 1971 British Lions and the Barbarians. He is credited with being a major influence in these teams' success, and in the attractive, attacking, free-flowing rugby they played. Dawes also had considerable success as a coach with Wales, and coached the 1977 British Lions. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1972 New Year Honours List for services as Lions captain.
Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul
Lieutenant-General Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul, KOHS, OGF (28 June 1719 – 8 May 1785) was a French Royal Army officer, diplomat and statesman. From 1758 to 1761 and again from 1766 to 1770, he served as Foreign Minister of France and had a strong influence on France's global strategy throughout the period. Choiseul is closely associated with France's defeat in the Seven Years' War and subsequent efforts to rebuild French prestige.

French Royal Army
The French Royal Army (French: Armée Royale Française) was the principal land force of the Kingdom of France. It served the Bourbon dynasty from the reign of Louis XIV in the mid-17th century to that of Charles X in the 19th, with an interlude from 1792 to 1814 and another during the Hundred Days in 1815. It was permanently dissolved following the July Revolution in 1830. The French Royal Army became a model for the new regimental system that was to be imitated throughout Europe from the mid-17th century onward. It was regarded as Europe's greatest military force for much of its existence.
Wipert von Blücher
Wipert von Blücher (14 July 1883 – 20 January 1963) was a German diplomat and the German ambassador to Finland from 12 May 1935 to late 1944. He was a doctor of law by education.

Wipert von Blücher served in World War I and entered the Foreign Office of Germany in 1918. He served in diplomatic duties in Stockholm, Buenos Aires, Teheran and Helsinki. He was not a member in the Nazi Party but a professional diplomat and retired in late 1944 after German ties to Finland were broken. Von Blücher was also a known name in Iranian studies.

Iranian studies
Iranian studies (Persian: ايران‌شناسی Irânšenâsi), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, language, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It is a part of the wider field of Oriental studies.

Iranian studies is broader than Persian studies, which is the study of the Persian language and literature specifically. The discipline of Iranian Studies focuses on broad trends in culture, history, language and other aspects of not only Persians, but also a variety of other contemporary and historical fellow Iranian peoples, such as Kurds, Lurs, Gilakis, Talysh, Tajiks, Pashtuns, Ossetians, Baluchis, Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Parthians, Sogdians, Bactrians, Khwarazmians, and Mazandaranis.
Dameronia
Dameronia was the name of a bebop jazz ensemble founded by Don Sickler and Philly Joe Jones in the 1980s that featured the original compositions and arrangements of Tadd Dameron. They recorded three albums, two for Uptown Records and the other for Soul Note Records,   and continued to perform even after Jones' death in 1985. The nonet, which included several of the composer's colleagues, attempted to create an "historically accurate" representation of Dameron's music.

Black Saint/Soul Note
Black Saint and Soul Note are two affiliated Italian independent record labels. Since their conception in the 1970s, they have released albums from a variety of influential jazz musicians, particularly in the genre of free jazz.