hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Société du parler français au Canada
The Société du parler français au Canada (SPFC) ("French Speech in Canada Society") was a learned society that endeavoured to study the French language spoken in Canada in the course of the 20th century. Founded on February 18, 1902 by Adjutor Rivard and Stanislas-Alfred Lortie, two Université Laval professors, it made important contributions to lexicography in Quebec and Canada.

The SPFC ceased to exist in the 1960s. In 2002, the Université Laval, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi and Université de Sherbrooke marked the SPFC's 100th anniversary of foundation with a colloquium held at the Musée de la civilisation and presided by French linguist Bernard Quemada. The history of the SPFC was the object of a book by Quebec linguist Louis Mercier.

Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
The Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (French pronunciation: [ynivɛʁsite dy kebɛk a ʃikutimi], University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, UQAC), is a branch of the Université du Québec network founded in 1969 and based in the Chicoutimi borough of Saguenay, Quebec, Canada. UQAC has secondary study centres in La Malbaie, Saint-Félicien, Alma, and Sept-Îles. In 2017, 7500 students were registered and 209 professors worked for the university, making it the fourth largest of the ten Université du Québec branches, after Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), and École de technologie supérieure (ETS).
Pairwise error probability
Pairwise error probability is the error probability that for a transmitted signal () its corresponding but distorted version () will be received. This type of probability is called ″pair-wise error probability″ because the probability exists with a pair of signal vectors in a signal constellation. It's mainly used in communication systems.

Signaling (telecommunications)
In telecommunications, signaling is the use of signals for controlling communications. This may constitute an information exchange concerning the establishment and control of a telecommunication circuit and the management of the network.
2012 Championship 1
The 2012 Championship 1 was a semi-professional rugby league football competition played in England and Wales, the third tier of the sport in the country. For one season only, the top four teams (Barrow Raiders, Doncaster, Whitehaven and Workington Town) were promoted to the 2013 Rugby Football League Championship, while the champions of the division were decided by a six-team play-off, which was won by Doncaster, who beat Barrow 16–13 at the Halliwell Jones Stadium.

There was no relegation from this league as it is the lowest tier of professional rugby league. All of the teams competed in the 2012 Challenge Cup and the 2012 National League Cup.

Workington Town
Workington Town  is a semi-professional rugby league club based in Workington, West Cumbria, England. The club plays home games at Derwent Park and competes in the RFL Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Workington have won the League Championship once in 1951 and Challenge Cup in 1952.

The club's traditional home colours are white shirt with a blue band. Their main rivals are Whitehaven, while they also have a Cumbrian rivalry with Barrow Raiders.
Don't Look Down (Ozark Mountain Daredevils album)
Don't Look Down is the fifth album by American country rock band The Ozark Mountain Daredevils. The band lost another founding member, Buddy Brayfield, gained a new producer David Kershenbaum, and added three new players, including singer/guitarist and longtime pal Steve Canaday, who as owner of the New Bijou had been instrumental in the group's formation. Despite containing "Following The Way That I Feel", one of the strongest pop tunes in their catalogue, Don't Look Down did not meet sales expectations, and presaged the Ozark Mountain Daredevils' move from A&M Records to Columbia Records.

The album is mentioned in the book Barrel Fever, by David Sedaris, in "Don's Story".

The bonus tracks that appear on the CD rerelease were recorded while Randle Chowning and Buddy Brayfield were still a part of the group.

Barrel Fever
Barrel Fever is a 1994 collection of short stories and essays by American humorist David Sedaris. The first section consists of pieces clearly labeled as short fiction and the second half contains autobiographical essays, a distinction that is not made in his subsequent books.

The most famous of the essays is "SantaLand Diaries", the essay that made Sedaris famous when he read it on National Public Radio in 1992. The essay tells of his experiences working as an elf named Crumpet at Macy's. The other is "Diary of a Smoker", which was made into a 13-minute film shown at Sundance Film Festival by Matthew Modine.

The book was on bestseller lists in Chicago and San Francisco.
Hiatus (NCIS)
"Hiatus" is the two-part season finale of the third season of the American police procedural drama NCIS, the 23rd and 24th episode of the season and the 69th and 70th episodes overall. The two-parter originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 9 and May 16, 2006. Both parts were written by Donald Bellisario, the show's creator and executive producer at the time, and directed by Dennis Smith. They were seen live by 15.17 million and 16.49 million views, respectively.

"Hiatus" is a two-part story arc covering the third NCIS season finale. It involves lead character Gibbs (Mark Harmon) being severely injured in a ship bombing, his subsequent memory loss, and the team's struggle to find the perpetrator before another attack. The episodes also delve into Gibbs' past, culminating in the revelation of his wife and daughter's deaths 15 years prior.

Donald P. Bellisario
Donald Paul Bellisario (born August 8, 1935) is an American television producer and screenwriter who created and wrote episodes for the TV series Magnum, P.I. (1980–1988), Tales of the Gold Monkey (1982–1983), Airwolf (1984–1987), Quantum Leap (1989–1993), JAG (1995–2005), and NCIS (2003–present).
Haskell L. Nichols
Haskell L. Nichols was a Republican politician who served in both houses of the Michigan Legislature between 1933 and 1966.

A native of Homer, Nichols served in the U.S. Army during World War I. He served as the Jackson County circuit court commissioner before being elected to the Michigan House of Representatives in 1932. He was defeated in his bid for a third term in 1936 by Charles Snow, but won their rematch in 1938. In the interim (1937–38), he chaired the Jackson County Republican Party.

After two more terms in the House, Nichols won election to the Michigan Senate in 1942 where he served 12 terms. He was defeated in the Republican primary in 1966 by his eventual successor James Fleming.

Nichols was a Freemason and a member of numerous civic organizations, including Kiwanis, the Elks, the Shriners, the Jaycees, the Eagles, and the Moose. He died on April 30, 1991, aged 94.

In 1992, the Legislature named a portion of US-127 in Jackson County for Nichols.

Homer, Michigan
See also: Omer, Michigan, which was originally intended to be called "Homer".

Homer is a village in Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,575 at the 2020 census.
2008–09 National First Division
The 2008–09 National First Division was the 13th season of the National First Division, the second tier of South African soccer, and took place between 29 August 2008 and 2 May 2009. The champions were Jomo Cosmos, who were promoted to the South African Premier Division alongside play-off victors Mpumalanga Black Aces. FC AK and Durban Stars were relegated SAFA Second Division.

National First Division
The National First Division, officially known as the Motsepe Foundation Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest league of South African  football after the South African Premiership. Both the South African Championship and South African Premiership are organised by the Premier Soccer League.
1911 North Louth by-election
The 1911 North Louth by-election was held on 15 March 1911.  The by-election was held due to the election of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, Richard Hazleton being overturned on petition due to corrupt and defamatory conduct. Hazleton had previously ousted the prominent All-for-Ireland League politician Tim Healy in the December 1910 general election.  It was won by the former MP and Irish Parliamentary candidate Augustine Roche, who was elected unopposed.

Tim Healy (politician)
Timothy Michael Healy, KC (17 May 1855 – 26 March 1931) was an Irish barrister, nationalist politician, journalist and author. His political career began in the 1880s when he became a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons and continued into the 1920s, when he was appointed as the first governor-general of the Irish Free State.
Federal Correctional Institution, Marianna
The Federal Correctional Institution, Marianna (FCI Marianna) is a medium-security United States federal prison for male inmates in Marianna, Florida. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. The facility also includes an adjacent satellite prison camp for minimum-security female offenders. It lies adjacent to the Marianna Municipal Airport.

FCI Marianna is in the Judicial district of United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida, and is 65 miles (105 km) west of Tallahassee, the state capital.

United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida (in case citations, N.D. Fla.) is a federal court in the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The district was established on February 23, 1847, with the division of the state into a Northern and Southern district.

The United States attorney for the district is John Heekin. He was nominated as U.S. attorney by President Donald J. Trump on May 6, 2025, and was appointed by Attorney General Pam Bondi as the interim U.S. attorney on June 2, 2025. His nomination was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on October 7, 2025, and he was commissioned by President Donald J. Trump the following day.
Jamar Chess
Jamar Chess is an American music publisher. He is president and co-founder of Sunflower Entertainment Group, a music publishing firm and record label that focuses on independent Latin music and manages a catalogue of music, including work from Lionel Hampton, Count Basie, Ike Turner, Jackie Wilson, Otis Redding, Frank Sinatra, Thelonious Monk, Marvin Gaye, Alan O'Day, Duke Ellington, and Charles Stepney.

Charles Stepney
Charles Stepney (March 26, 1931 – May 17, 1976) was an American record producer, arranger, songwriter and musician. Stepney is noted for his work with artists such as The Dells, Ramsey Lewis, Rotary Connection and Earth, Wind & Fire.
Kommando Spezialkräfte
The Kommando Spezialkräfte (KSK) is the special forces command of the German Army (Heer).

Formed in 1996, it is a brigade-level unit responsible for covert operations, counterterrorism, hostage rescue, direct action, high-value target missions, irregular warfare, ISTAR, rapid response in military emergencies, and other special operations. The KSK is based at the Graf Zeppelin Barracks in Calw, Baden-Württemberg, and is subordinated to the Rapid Forces Division (Division Schnelle Kräfte, DSK).

The Special Air Service (SAS), the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), and the German Federal Police's GSG 9 (Grenzschutzgruppe 9) of the former Federal Border Guard (Bundesgrenzschutz, BGS) served as models for the formation of the KSK.

The unit has received decorations and awards from NATO, the United States, and allied forces. KSK personnel have participated in joint counterterrorism operations, notably in the Balkans and the Middle East.

Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield functions together to assist a combat force in employing its sensors and managing the information they gather.

Information is collected on the battlefield through systematic observation by deployed soldiers and a variety of electronic sensors. Surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance are methods of obtaining this information.  The information is then passed to intelligence personnel for analysis, and then to the commander and their staff for the formulation of battle plans. Intelligence is processed information that is relevant and contributes to an understanding of the ground, and of enemy dispositions and intents. Intelligence failures can happen.
Collagen, type IV, alpha 6
Collagen alpha-6(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A6 gene.

This gene encodes one of the six subunits of type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene, alpha 5 type IV collagen, so that the gene pair shares a common promoter. Deletions in the alpha 5 gene that extend into the alpha 6 gene result in diffuse leiomyomatosis accompanying the X-linked Alport syndrome caused by the deletion in the alpha 5 gene. Two splice variants have been identified for this gene.

Leiomyoma
A leiomyoma, also known as a fibroid, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%). They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel, and the esophagus. Polycythemia may occur due to increased erythropoietin production as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome.

The word is from leio- + myo- + -oma, 'smooth-muscle tumor'. The plural form can be either the English leiomyomas or the classical leiomyomata.
James Dougherty (Medal of Honor)
James Dougherty (November 16, 1839 – November 25, 1897) was a United States Marine who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in 1871 during the United States expedition to Korea, while serving as a private aboard USS Benicia. His Medal of Honor was issued on February 8, 1872, under General Order No. 169. Private Dougherty was one of 15 United States sailors and Marines who received the Medal of Honor for this little known American military action.

Dougherty enlisted in the Marine Corps at Philadelphia on July 31, 1869, and retired on August 22, 1893. Originally interred at the Brooklyn Naval Hospital Cemetery until 1926, he was reburied in Cypress Hills National Cemetery, Section 6, Grave 12374.

Brooklyn Naval Hospital
Brooklyn Naval Hospital is a closed hospital in Brooklyn, New York City, within the Brooklyn Navy Yard. It was one of the oldest naval hospitals in the United States, having operated from 1838 to 1948. Two of the structures in the former hospital's site are designated New York City Landmarks. The entire hospital complex is listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with the rest of the Navy Yard.
Derek Hockridge
Derek Hockridge (1934 – 8 August 2013) was a British translator, teacher, lecturer, and occasional actor, who was perhaps best known for his translations of the  Asterix comic book series.

Born in Wales and brought up in Birmingham, he completed a degree in French at the University of Wales, Cardiff, which was followed by teacher training at St Edmund Hall, Oxford. Subsequently, he was a French teacher at Manchester Grammar School, then a lecturer at Leicester Polytechnic. During this time, with Anthea Bell, he translated the Asterix comic books, which were written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo.

He appeared in the television series Crown Court, in which he played the clerk of the court, and also featured in minor parts in Brideshead Revisited and The Jewel in the Crown.

He retired to Swanage, Dorset, and died on 8 August 2013.

Crown Court (TV series)
Crown Court is a British television courtroom drama series produced by Granada Television for the ITV network. It ran from 1972, when the Crown Court system replaced Assize courts and Quarter sessions in the legal system of England and Wales, to 1984. It was transmitted in the early afternoon.
SS Chulmleigh
SS Chulmleigh was a British merchant ship of the mid-20th century. She was in service during the first years of the Second World War and was lost in November 1942 on Operation FB, a series of individual sailings from Iceland to northern Russia. The ship ran aground on Sørkapp at the south end of Svalbard. The survivors of the wreck underwent a six-week ordeal that only the master and eight crewmen survived, eventually to be rescued.

Sørkapp
Sørkapp ("South Cape") is the southernmost point on Sørkappøya, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of Spitsbergen, the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago, Arctic Norway. It was originally named Point Lookout (1612). The cape itself is 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long. The point is bordered by the Greenland Sea to the west, the Norwegian Sea to the south and the Barents Sea to the east. The point is within the Sørkapp Bird Sanctuary.

The distance to mainland Norway at Ingøy is about 640 km and to Bear Island about 230 km.
Illicit drug use in Ireland
Illicit drug use in the Republic of Ireland & Northern Ireland has been growing since the mid-1970s. The use by young people of psychedelic drugs, including LSD and cannabis, was recognized at that time. Opiate abuse was uncommon until the 1980s, following events in the opium production centres of Afghanistan and Iran. Government task forces and private programmes were formed to tackle increased opiate abuse. Dublin and Ballymena have been centres of increased heroin use and preventative efforts. Studies confirmed significant opiate use in the 1990s, when action to reduce harm caused by drug use became favoured. Programmes focused on controlling the spread of HIV, seen as a greater social threat than drug abuse itself.

Republican Action Against Drugs
Republican Action Against Drugs (RAAD) was an Irish republican vigilante group active mainly in Derry and the surrounding area, including parts of counties Derry/ Londonderry and Tyrone in Northern Ireland, and parts of County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland. It targeted those who it claimed were drug dealers. The group's methods included shooting the alleged dealers in the arms and legs ("punishment shootings"); pipe bomb or arson attacks on the property of alleged dealers; and warning, threatening or banishing the alleged dealers.

In July 2012, it was announced that RAAD was merging with the Real Irish Republican Army and other independent republican paramilitary groups to form what is referred to as the New IRA.
Vektor Grafix
Vektor Grafix was a British video game developer led by John Lewis and Andy Craven. Vektor Grafix was founded by Craven and Danny Gallagher in 1986. Their first releases were home ports of the Star Wars arcade video games. The Leeds-based company then went on to become a developer of mostly 3D simulation games and was eventually bought by MicroProse in July 1992, becoming their development studio.

Video game graphics
A variety of computer graphic techniques have been used to display video game content throughout the history of video games. The predominance of individual techniques have evolved over time, primarily due to hardware advances and restrictions such as the processing power of central or graphics processing units.
Code Name: Emperor
Code Name: Emperor (Spanish: Código Emperador; also known under the working title Proyecto Emperador) is a 2022 political thriller and spy film directed by Jorge Coira and written by Jorge Guerricaechevarría. The cast, led by Luis Tosar, also features Alexandra Masangkay, Georgina Amorós, Denis Gómez, Miguel Rellán and Arón Piper, among others.

It is about an intelligence agency operative who faces ethical challenges when he is told to lure a newly elected congressman into a honey trap with an underage teenage girl.

Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts
The Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts (Spanish: Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales; ICAA) is a Spanish government agency, charged with the planning of policies to support the film industry and audiovisual production. It depends on the Ministry of Culture. It is a member of the European Film Promotion (EFP) network on behalf of Spain.
Section 8 (album)
Section 8 is the fourth studio album by American rapper MC Eiht. It was released on June 8, 1999, through Hoo-Bangin' Records and Priority Records. The album was produced by Ant Banks, DJ Slip, Fredwreck, Julio G, and MC Eiht, with Hoo-Bangin' Records founder Mack 10 serving as executive producer. It features guest performances from Ice Cube, High "T", Mack 10, Soultre, Techniec, Val Young, and CMW.

The album peaked at number 54 on the Billboard 200 and at number 5 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. Its lead single, "Automatic", made it to number 62 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number 6 on the Hot Rap Songs.

Along with a single, a music video was produced for "Automatic". The song "Thicker Than Water" was originally heard in Richard Cummings Jr.'s 1999 film Thicker than Water and was also released as a single and a music video to promote the film's soundtrack.

Thicker than Water (1999 film)
Thicker than Water is a 1999 American film directed by Richard Cummings Jr. and starring a host of rappers and urban entertainers such as Fat Joe, Mack 10, Ice Cube, MC Eiht, and Big Pun. The film showcases rappers from both the East and the West Coast, as it was made after the end of the East Coast-West Coast feud.
Jane Goodall Environmental Middle School
Jane Goodall Environmental Middle School (JGEMS) is a public charter school serving grades six through eight that focuses on environmental science and community service. It is  housed in the same building as the Oregon School for the Deaf in Salem, Oregon, and is named after English primatologist Jane Goodall. It is part of the Salem-Keizer School District.

Sixth grade
Sixth grade (also 6th grade or grade 6) is the sixth year of formal or compulsory education. Students in sixth grade are usually 11–12 years old, although in some countries, students are aged 12–13 in sixth grade. It is commonly the first grade of middle school or junior secondary school and the seventh school year since kindergarten.
2016 New Hampshire Senate election
The 2016 New Hampshire Senate election was held on November 8, 2016, concurrently with the elections for the New Hampshire House of Representatives, to elect members to the 165th New Hampshire General Court. All 24 seats in the New Hampshire Senate were up for election. It resulted in Republicains maintaining control of both chambers of the New Hampshire General Court.

In addition, Republican Chris Sununu won the open 2016 New Hampshire gubernatorial election giving the New Hampshire Republican Party total control of the state government for the first time since Republican governor Craig Benson was defeated by Democrat John Lynch in the 2004 New Hampshire gubernatorial election. Furthermore, Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton was able to win the state in 2016 Presidential election by fewer than 3,000 votes (0.4%) and Democrat Maggie Hassan won 2016 United States Senate election by around 1,000 votes (0.2%).

Primary elections were held on September 13, 2016.

2004 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 2004 New Hampshire gubernatorial election occurred on November 2, 2004, concurrent with that year's presidential election. Democrat John Lynch, a multimillionaire businessman from Hopkinton, narrowly defeated incumbent Republican governor Craig Benson of Rye, winning a two-year term. Benson was the first New Hampshire governor in 80 years to lose reelection after one term. Lynch was sworn in on January 6, 2005.

To date, Benson is the most recent incumbent governor to lose reelection in any New England state.