hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brashear's Creek
Brashear's Creek is a USGS-classified stream flowing through Shelby and Spencer Counties in Kentucky. It begins at the confluence of Bullskin and Clear Creeks in Shelby County, approximately 2 miles east-northeast of Finchville, Kentucky. It flows approximately 26 miles from its source, through Rivals, to its terminus at Salt River in Taylorsville, Spencer County, Kentucky.

The stream normally flows year-round, but during prolonged drought, it has been known to stop, with a number of dry spots in shallower areas. Due to its relatively large watershed and surrounding moderately steep terrain, it is also prone to flash flooding and can cut off a number of smaller roads at peak levels.

In its history, Brashear's Creek has served as a source of drinking water for humans and livestock, irrigation water for crops, hydraulic power for mills, fishing and paddling

Spencer County, Kentucky
Spencer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the total population was 19,490. Its county seat is Taylorsville. The county was founded in 1824 and named for Spier Spencer.

Spencer County is part of the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY—IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Taylorsville Lake, located primarily within Spencer County, serves as a major economic resource for the area. Spencer was a dry county until 2009 when the county's residents voted to overturn the ban on alcohol sales. From 2000 to 2005, Spencer County ranked 19th out of all U.S. counties in percent growth, with a 33% increase.
Andrew Lavern Smith
Andrew "Andy" Lavern Smith (1960 – December 18, 1998) was an American serial killer who committed four murders and one attempted murder along Interstate 85 in South Carolina between 1980 and 1983. He was sentenced to death for the final two murders and was executed in 1998, becoming the 500th person to be executed in the U.S. since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976.

Interstate 85 in South Carolina
Interstate 85 (I-85) in the U.S. state of South Carolina runs northeast–southwest through Upstate South Carolina. Connecting regionally with Atlanta, Georgia, and Charlotte, North Carolina, it became the first Interstate Highway in South Carolina to have its originally planned mileage completed.
Orville Fehlhaber
Orville Walter Fehlhaber (March 16, 1903 – February 15, 1986) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Wausau, Wisconsin, Fehlhaber received his bachelor's degree from University of Wisconsin–Madison and his law degree from University of Wisconsin Law School. He practiced law in Wausau, Wisconsin. Fehlhaber served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1941 and was a Republican. He died in Bradenton, Florida.

University of Wisconsin Law School
The University of Wisconsin Law School is the law school of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin. Founded in 1868, the school is guided by a "law in action" legal philosophy which emphasizes the role of the law in practice and society. It offers the Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees; Juris Doctor graduates of the law school receive admission to the Wisconsin bar without taking a traditional bar examination via diploma privilege.
Mill Hill Substation Pastures
Mill Hill Substation Pastures is a fifteen-hectare Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation  in Mill Hill in the London Borough of Barnet.

The reserve consists of pastures grazed by horses around Mill Hill Electricity Substation. These contain patches of unimproved herb-rich pasture on damp clay soil. Locally uncommon plants include devil's bit scabious, sneezewort, pepper-saxifrage and red bartsia. The dividing hedges appear to be very old, and Burtonhole Brook, a tributary of Folly Brook, flows through the site, adding to its diversity of habitat. The hedgerows and woodland provide a refuge for birds.

The reserve is on private land, but it can be viewed from Burtonhole Lane and Partingdale Lane.

Succisa pratensis
Succisa pratensis, known as devil's-bit scabious or simply devil's-bit, is a flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, formerly included in the teasel family Dipsacaceae. It is common throughout northern Europe and western Asia in heathland, unimproved damp grassland and chalk or limestone grassland, where it is restricted to nutrient-poor soils. It has decreased somewhat due to agricultural intensification in many areas, but remains widespread and even common throughout its range. Its name derives from the curiously truncated root, which in ancient times was thought to be associated with magical or medicinal properties.
Waltraud Strotzer
Waltraud Strotzer (née Pöhland, born 16 September 1952 in Wünschendorf/Elster) is a German middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 metres.

As a teenager she won the silver medal at the 1968 European Junior Championships and the gold medal at the 1970 European Junior Championships. She also competed at the European Championships in 1966, 1969 and 1971 without reaching the final.

In domestic competitions, she represented the sports club SC Motor Jena. She became East German indoor champion in 1970 and 1971. In 1975 she became 1500 metres champion.

1971 European Athletics Championships
The 10th (X) European Athletics Championships were held from 10 August to 15 August 1971 in the Olympic Stadium of Helsinki, the capital of Finland.  Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.
Lexos station
Lexos is a railway station in Varen, Tarn-et-Garonne, Occitanie, France. It is on the Brive-Toulouse (via Capdenac) line and is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF. A former Montauban branch line also terminated here.

It was opened in 1858 by the Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans. Its imposing passenger terminal building was classified as a Monument historique in 2007.

Transport express régional
Transport express régional (French pronunciation: [tʁɑ̃spɔʁ ɛksprɛs ʁeʒjɔnal], usually shortened to TER) is the brand name used by the SNCF, the French national railway company, to denote rail service run by the regional councils of France, specifically their organised transport authorities. The network serves French regions; Île-de-France (Transilien) and Corsica (CFC) have their own specific transport systems. Every day, over 800,000 passengers are carried on 5,700 TER-branded trains.

TER is part of SNCF Voyageurs, a branch of the SNCF dealing with urban and regional passenger rail, which also includes Transilien, Intercités, Chemins de fer de la Corse (CFC), Keolis, and Effia.
Thepparatia
Thepparatia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. It only contains one known species, the liana Thepparatia scandens.

Its native range is from the Indian subcontinent to parts of Indo-China. It is found in the Andaman Islands, Assam, Bangladesh, eastern Himalaya, India, Myanmar and Thailand.

The genus name of Thepparatia is in honour of Sirindhorn (b. 1955), Thailand princess. (Thais commonly refer to her as "Phra Thep", meaning "princess angel"). The Latin specific epithet of scandens means climbing, as derived from scando.
The genus was first described and published in Thai Forest Bull., Bot. Vol.34 on page 195 in 2006. The species was published in Fl. Thailand Vol.14 (Issue 2) on page 329 in 2019.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
SigmaPhi International Conference on Statistical Physics
The SigmaPhi International Conference on Statistical Physics is a triennial conference series on statistical physics organized by the Politecnico di Torino, Italy, chaired by Giorgio Kaniadakis. The conferences, which take place every three years in Greece, are an influential forum for discussing the foundations and theoretical aspects of classical, quantum, and relativistic statistical physics and thermodynamics, as well as their applications to physical and non-physical systems. The number of participants has increased recently, coming from 52 countries in the last conference. The esteemed SigmaPhi Prizes are presented during this conference, and numerous satellite workshops and special sessions are typically conducted alongside the main event.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
Balanced salt solution
A balanced salt solution (BSS) is a solution made to a physiological pH and isotonic salt concentration. Solutions most commonly include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride. Balanced salt solutions are used for washing tissues and cells and are usually combined with other agents to treat the tissues and cells. They provide the cells with water and inorganic ions, while maintaining a physiological pH and osmotic pressure.

Sometimes glucose is added as an energy source and phenol red is used as a pH indicator.

In medicine, balanced salt solutions can be used as an irrigation solution such as during intraocular surgery and to replace intraocular fluids.

Chloride
The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (Cl−), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl). The pronunciation of the word "chloride" is /ˈklɔːraɪd/.

Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water. It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells. Other examples of ionic chlorides include potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Examples of covalent chlorides include methyl chloride (CH3Cl), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2), and monochloramine (NH2Cl).
HCUAV
The Hellenic Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (HCUAV) RX-1 is a Greek research project, which has currently produced a prototype of a Medium Altitude - Long Endurance (MALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), with aim for the aircraft to enter production in the future and be utilised in civil and potentially, military operations.

The development started in 2013 and involved a consortium consisting of 6 partners, among them three University research groups including the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachinery (LFMT) of the Department of Mechanical Engineering or the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), the CSL and the Laboratory of Robotics and Automation (LRA), as well as three private companies including MLS Innovation Ltd, Spacesonic Ltd and Intracom Defense Electronics (IDE). It is coordinated by the LFMT at the AUTH. The chief engineer of the project is AUTH professor Dr Kyriakos Yakinthos.

Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV
A medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle flies at an altitude window of 10,000 to 30,000 feet (3,000–9,000 m) for extended durations of time, typically 24 to 48 hours. This list includes both unmanned combat aerial vehicle and unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle.
Angel Bravo Lorio
Angel Bravo Lorio is a Nicaraguan politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nicaragua. Bravio Lorio was injured during the student movement of 1959.

He was a member of the National Assembly 1984–1990.

He is a Central Committee member of the party.

Communist Party of Nicaragua
The Communist Party of Nicaragua (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Nicaragua, abbr. PCdeN or PCN) is a communist party in Nicaragua. Founded as the Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Obrero Socialista) in 1967, the core founding members were Juan Lorio, Augusto Lorío, Elí Altamirano (who later served as the party's secretary general) and Manuel Pérez Estrada, who all had been expelled from the Nicaraguan Socialist Party on 23 April 1967.

The party adopted its current name on 13 December 1970.

The PCdeN was a member of the U.S.-funded National Opposition Union (UNO), a coalition of mostly right-leaning political parties which defeated the Sandinista government in the 1990 general election.

For the 1996 Nicaraguan general election, the party nominated secretary general Elí Altamirano as its presidential candidate, who obtained 0.27% of the votes.
Richard Lashof
Richard K. Lashof (November 9, 1922 – February 4, 2010) was an American mathematician. He contributed to the field of geometric and differential topology, working with Shiing-Shen Chern, Stephen Smale, among others. Lashof was regarded as "the key figure in sustaining the Chicago Mathematics Department as an international center for research and the training of topologists" by Melvin Rothenberg. He received the Quantrell Award.

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Lashof earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania in 1943 and was a communications officer in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. He earned his doctoral degree in mathematics from Columbia University in 1954 under the supervision of Richard Vincent Kadison. In 1971 he was an invited to speak at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice.

Quantrell Award
The Quantrell Award, or the Llewellyn John and Harriet Manchester Quantrell Awards for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching is a prize awarded by the University of Chicago for excellence in undergraduate teaching.
Boyer Strait
Boyer Strait is a waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It separates Massey Island (to the north) from Alexander Island (to the south). Île Marc is located at the western end of the strait, beyond which it opens into the Byam Martin Channel.  To the east it opens into the Erskine Inlet.

"Boyer Strait" is named in honour of Marc Boyer who served as deputy-minister of the federal department of Mines & Technical Surveys from 1950 until his premature death in 1962.

Erskine Inlet
The Erskine Inlet (76°2′N 102°05′W﻿ / ﻿76.033°N 102.083°W﻿ / 76.033; -102.083﻿ (Erskine Inlet)) is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in Canada. It separates Cameron Island, Île Vanier, Massey Island and Alexander Island (to the west) from Bathurst Island (to the south and east).
Pravoberezhny (rural locality)
Pravoberezhny (Russian: Правобере́жный; masculine), Pravoberezhnaya (Правобере́жная; feminine), or Pravoberezhnoye (Правобере́жное; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Pravoberezhny, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Novocherkassky Selsoviet of Saraktashsky District of Orenburg Oblast

Pravoberezhny, Rostov Oblast, a settlement in Volochayevskoye Rural Settlement of Orlovsky District of Rostov Oblast

Pravoberezhny, Budyonnovsky District, Stavropol Krai, a settlement in Budyonnovsky District of Stavropol Krai

Pravoberezhny, Kursky District, Stavropol Krai, a settlement in Kursky District of Stavropol Krai

Budyonnovsky District
Budyonnovsky District (Russian: Будённовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Stavropol Krai, Russia. It is located in the eastern central part of the krai. The area of the district is 3,203 square kilometers (1,237 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Budyonnovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 53,251 (2010 Census); 54,085 (2002 Census); 47,441 (1989 Census).
Masaru Shintani
Masaru Shintani (February 3, 1928 – May 7, 2000) was a Japanese-Canadian master of karate who introduced the Wadō-ryū style of karate in Canada and founded the Shintani Wado-Kai Karate Federation.

At the time of his death he was the Supreme Instructor of Wado Kai Karate in North America. Shintani devoted over 50 years to the study of Karate. He also held ranks in Judo (Sandan), Aikido (Shodan), and Kendo (Shodan).

Grandmaster (martial arts)
Grandmaster and Master are titles used to describe or address some senior or experienced martial artists. Typically these titles are honorary in nature, meaning that they do not confer rank, but rather distinguish the individual as very highly revered in their school, system, or style.
Next Libyan referendum
A constitutional referendum is to be held in Libya after the country's new constitution has been drawn up by a constituent assembly. The expected date for the publication of the constitution was December 2014, but this was delayed because of the ongoing conflict in the country. A General National Congress was elected in July 2012, originally charged with organising constituent assembly elections; however, the National Transitional Council decided that Libyans will instead directly elect the constituent assembly. The General National Congress came to agreement on 10 April 2013 that constituent assembly members will be elected.

The referendum was revived in early 2021 as Libyans agreed to hold it before the presidential and parliamentary elections. Despite the House of Representatives insisting that the referendum take place first, it eventually was delayed until after the Next Libyan presidential election.

House of Representatives (Libya)
The Libyan House of Representatives (HoR; Arabic: مجلس النواب, romanized: Majlis al-Nuwaab, lit. 'Council of Deputies') is the unicameral legislature of Libya, established following the 2014 parliamentary election, which recorded an 18% voter turnout.

Amid escalating conflict during the Second Libyan Civil War and the August 2014 Islamist takeover of Tripoli, the HoR relocated to the eastern city of Tobruk. Although based in Tobruk, several sessions were held in Tripoli in May 2019 while the capital was under armed assault, including the temporary appointment of an interim speaker. From 2014 to 2021, the HoR backed the Tobruk-based government led by Abdullah al-Thani. It later recognized the Government of National Unity (GNU) under Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh. In September 2021, the HoR passed a vote of no confidence against the GNU and subsequently appointed a rival administration, the Government of National Stability (GNS).
2021 Nova Scotia general election
The 2021 Nova Scotia general election was held on August 17, 2021, to elect members to the 64th General Assembly of Nova Scotia.

In a major upset, Tim Houston led the Progressive Conservatives to power for the first time since 2006, and with a majority government for the first time since 1999. With a popular vote share of 38.44%, the PCs won the smallest winning vote share of any majority government in Nova Scotian electoral history, and won nearly twice the number of seats as the Liberals, despite their overall vote share differing by less than 2%.

Elizabeth Smith-McCrossin’s victory in Cumberland North marked the first occasion since 1988 that an independent candidate won election to the House of Assembly. A record number of four Black Nova Scotians were elected MLAs; prior to this election, only five Black MLAs had ever been elected in Nova Scotia.

Upset (competition)
An upset occurs in a competition, frequently in electoral politics or sports, when the party popularly expected to win (the "favorite") is defeated by (or, in the case of sports, ties with) an underdog whom the majority expects to lose, defying the conventional wisdom. It is often used in reference to beating the betting odds in sports, or beating the opinion polls in electoral politics.
Piergiorgio Welby
Piergiorgio Welby (26 December 1945 – 20 December 2006) was an Italian poet, painter and activist whose three-month-long battle to establish his right to die led to a debate about euthanasia in his country.

Welby was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy as a teenager in the early 1960s. The disease progressed, and in 1997 he became unable to breathe on his own. He became politically active in the right-to-die movement, and in 2006 he publicly declared his wish to refuse the medical treatment that kept him alive. The case was controversial, with liberal politicians supporting him and conservatives and the Vatican speaking out against his cause. After three months, he was allowed to die, though he was denied a church burial.

Right to die
The right to die is a concept rooted in the belief that individuals have the autonomy to make fundamental decisions about their own lives, including the choice to commit suicide or undergo voluntary euthanasia, central to the broader notion of health freedom. This right is often associated with cases involving terminal illnesses or incurable pain, where assisted suicide provides an option for individuals to exercise control over their suffering and dignity.

The debate surrounding the right to die frequently centers on the question of whether this decision should rest solely with the individual or involve external authorities, highlighting broader tensions between personal freedom and societal or legal restrictions.

Religious views on the matter vary significantly, with some traditions such as Hinduism (Prayopavesa) and Jainism (Santhara) permitting non-violent forms of voluntary death, while others, including Catholicism, Islam and Judaism, consider suicide a moral transgression.
Nyzhniv
Nyzhniv (Ukrainian: Нижнів, Polish: Niżniów, German: Niznow) is a village in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion (district) of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province) in western Ukraine.  Dniester River flows near the eastern edge of the village. Nyzhniv belongs to Tlumach urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. In the village lived 2000 inhabitants in 2022.

Dniester Canyon begins near the village.

Dniester
The Dniester (/ˈniːstər/ NEE-stər) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Ukrainian territory again.
Ruby Barnhill
Ruby Barnhill (born 16 July 2004) is an English actress. She played the lead role of Sophie in Disney's live-action adaptation of The BFG, directed by Steven Spielberg, in 2016. She also subsequently provided the voice of Mary Smith in the English dub of 2017's Mary and the Witch's Flower, a film from Studio Ponoc directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi.

Hiromasa Yonebayashi
Hiromasa Yonebayashi (米林 宏昌, Yonebayashi Hiromasa; born July 10, 1973 in Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan), nicknamed Maro (麻呂), is a Japanese animator and director, formerly for Studio Ghibli. After his directorial debut with Studio Ghibli (The Secret World of Arrietty), he became the youngest director of a theatrical film produced by the studio. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature in 2015 for his second film, When Marnie Was There.

Together with Ghibli producer Yoshiaki Nishimura, Yonebayashi left Studio Ghibli in December 2014 after 18 years, and established Studio Ponoc in June 2015. His first film as director at Studio Ponoc is Mary and the Witch's Flower.

He studied at the Kanazawa College of Art, where he majored in commercial design.