hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fractional excretion of sodium
The fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) is the percentage of the sodium filtered by the kidney which is excreted in the urine.  It is measured in terms of plasma and urine sodium, rather than by the interpretation of urinary sodium concentration alone, as urinary sodium concentrations can vary with water reabsorption.  Therefore, the urinary and plasma concentrations of sodium must be compared to get an accurate picture of kidney clearance. In clinical use, the fractional excretion of sodium can be calculated as part of the evaluation of acute kidney failure in order to determine if hypovolemia or decreased effective circulating plasma volume is a contributor to the kidney failure.

Reabsorption
In renal physiology, reabsorption, more specifically tubular reabsorption, is the process by which the nephron recovers water and solutes from the tubular fluid (pre-urine) and returns them to the circulating blood. It is called reabsorption (and not absorption) because these substances have already been absorbed once from ingested food and water (particularly in the intestines) and the body is reclaiming them from a fluid stream filtered out of blood in the  glomeruli that is on its way to becoming urine.

Each day, the kidneys filter about 150 liters of blood, while only about 1.5 liters of urine is actually expelled from the body. Reabsorption thus recovers a large proportion of the water filtered by the kidneys and plays a critical role in maintaining the water balance of the body.
5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid
5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (i.e. 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid; also termed 5-oxo-ETE and 5-oxoETE) is a nonclassic eicosanoid metabolite of arachidonic acid and the most potent naturally occurring member of the 5-HETE family of cell signaling agents. Like other cell signaling agents, 5-oxo-ETE is made by a cell and then feeds back to stimulate its parent cell (see Autocrine signaling) and/or exits this cell to stimulate nearby cells (see Paracrine signaling). 5-Oxo-ETE can stimulate various cell types particularly human leukocytes but possesses its highest potency and power in stimulating the human eosinophil type of leukocyte. It is therefore suggested to be formed during and to be an important contributor to the formation and progression of eosinophil-based allergic reactions; it is also suggested that 5-oxo-ETE contributes to the development of inflammation, cancer cell growth, and other pathological and physiological events.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
1988 Sri Lankan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Sri Lanka on 19 December 1988. They were the second presidential elections held in the country's history. Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa of the governing United National Party was elected, receiving 50.4% of all votes cast and defeating both the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate, former Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike, and the Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya candidate, Ossie Abeygunasekera.

The election was held amidst both the Sri Lankan civil war and the 1987–1989 JVP insurrection. Voter turnout was only 55%, substantially lower than the previous election and the lowest turnout for a Sri Lankan presidential election.

1982 Sri Lankan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Sri Lanka for the first time on 20 October 1982. Incumbent president J. R. Jayewardene of the governing United National Party was re-elected, receiving 53% of all valid votes cast, defeating his main opponent Hector Kobbekaduwa of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.
Bonfield, Ontario
Bonfield is a township in northeastern Ontario, Canada, on the Mattawa River in Nipissing District.

Named after James Bonfield (1825-1900), one-time M.P.P for South Renfrew in the Ontario legislature. The township's primary economic activities are forestry, logging, tourism, and some farming.

In 2007, Bonfield, along with the town of Mattawa and the townships of Papineau-Cameron, Mattawan and Calvin cooperated to create a newly branded Mattawa Voyageur Country tourist region in order to promote the area.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Villa San Martín
Villa San Martín is a locality located in the south-central province of San Juan. Located 18.7 km (11.6 mi) east of the city of San Juan, Argentina, it is the seat of the San Martín Department.

San Martín is an urban area that concentrates the main institutional and administrative buildings (municipality) of the San Martín Department; however, the rural way of life has an important significance, and its economy is primarily centered on the production of vines, primarily winemaking.

San Juan Province, Argentina
San Juan Province (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan]) is a province of Argentina, located in the western part of the country. Neighbouring provinces are, moving clockwise from the north, La Rioja, San Luis and Mendoza. It borders with Chile to the west.

The province has an area of 89,651 km2, covering a mountainous region with scarce vegetation, fertile oases and turbulent rivers. Throughout the province there are a number of paleontological sites.

Similar to other regions in Argentina, agriculture is one of the most important economic activities, highlighting wine production and olive oil. Additionally, a variety of fruits and vegetables are produced in the fertile valleys irrigated by artificial channels in the western part, close to the Andes mountain range. This is the second province in terms of the volume of wine production at the national level and in South America, and possesses outstanding varietal wines. It is also an important center of mining and oil production.
Die Bambus-Bären-Bande
Bamboo Bears (Die Bambus-Bären-Bande in German, Bambou et Compagnie in French, and Los osos del bambú in Spanish) is a children's animated television series. It was produced by Dutch company Kingma Productions, in co-production with Mitsui & Co., ZDF, TF1, 4D / Marina Productions, and Televisión Española. It was first broadcast in 1995. The series production was supported by World Wildlife Fund.

Each episode is dedicated to one animal species. Most of the species are either endangered or their habitat is suffering from human activity. Some of the animals featured in the series are already extinct.

The series aims to make children interested in nature and animals. It teaches viewers about human activity, environmental problems and wildlife conservation.

TF1
TF1 (French: [te ɛf œ̃] ⓘ; standing for Télévision Française 1) is a French commercial television network owned by TF1 Group, controlled by the Bouygues conglomerate. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network.

TF1 is part of the TF1 Group of mass media companies, which also includes the news channel LCI. It previously owned the satellite TV provider TPS, which was sold to Canal+ Group.

The network is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HBBTV) initiative, promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of terrestrial TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
Lochgelly, West Virginia
Lochgelly, originally named Stewart, is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. Lochgelly is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Oak Hill. Lochgelly has a post office with ZIP code 25866.

The community was named after Lochgelly, in Scotland.

Lochgelly
Lochgelly (/lɒxˈɡɛli/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Gheallaidh, IPA:[ˈɫ̪ɔxˈʝaɫ̪ai]) is a town in Fife, Scotland. It is located between Lochs Ore and Gelly to the north-west and south-east respectively. It is separated from Cowdenbeath by the village of Lumphinnans. According to the 2007 population estimate, the town has a population of 6,834.
Portonovo SD
Portonovo Sociedad Deportiva is a Spanish football team based in Portonovo, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Founded in 1948 it plays in Preferente Futgal – Group 2, holding home matches at Estadio Baltar, which has a capacity of 5,000 spectators.

Portonovo
Portonovo is a fishing village and tourist center within the municipality of Sanxenxo. It belongs to the parish of Adina. Situated in the Ria de Pontevedra, its climate is cold and rainy in winter and warm and sunny in summer. Tourism is the main economic engine of the town, and the temporary population in the summer months increases considerably. Three beaches are found along the coast for the town: Portonovo Beach (also known as Baltar Beach), Caneliñas and Canelas.

Portonovo also thrives economically on the nightlife in the summer and holiday periods. The village has many local pubs, cafés and nightclubs.
Shraga Silverstein
Rabbi Shraga Silverstein was a Rabbi, author, and translator. He translated a number of books, including seventeen that were not published by 2014, and wrote three books himself. He lived in Jerusalem until his death in 2014.

Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (Hebrew: משה חיים לוצאטו; also Moses Chaim, Moise Vita, Moses Hayyim or Luzzato; 1707 – 16 May 1746), also known by the Hebrew acronym RaMCHaL (or RaMHaL; רמח"ל‎), was an Italian Jewish rabbi, kabbalist, and philosopher.
Naresh Chandra Murmu
Naresh Chandra Murmu (Bengali:নরেশ চন্দ্র মূর্মূ, Santali:ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ) is the current director of CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Durgapur He is also Dean (Engineering) and Professor at Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research. He also took over additional charge as Director of Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute from 1 August 2024.   He was also acting Director of CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory Jamshedpur (Additional Charge)

Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI) is a Kolkata-based National Research Institute under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. Established in 1950, it focuses on the area of glass, ceramics, mica, refractories etc.
Superior mouth
A superior mouth is a mouth that opens upward, with the lower jaw more anterior than the upper jaw. This is an effect typically seen in fish. This usually means that the fish feeds from the surface of the body of water in which it dwells. A superior mouth is associated with fish in more stationary waters, such as those in lake ecosystems.

Jaw
The jaws are a pair of opposable articulated structures at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food. The term jaws is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serving to open and close it and is part of the body plan of humans and most animals.
Canton of Grand-Champ
The canton of Grand-Champ is an administrative division of the Morbihan department, northwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Grand-Champ.

It consists of the following communes:

Morbihan
The Morbihan (/mɔːrbiˈɒ̃/ mor-bee-ON; French: [mɔʁbi(j)ɑ̃]; Breton: Mor-Bihan [moːrˈbiː(h)ãn]) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 759,684 in 2019. It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.

Three major military educational facilities are located in Guer, including École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, the national military academy for officers.
Jürgen Prutsch
Jürgen Prutsch (born September 22, 1989 in Graz) is an Austrian professional football player. Currently, he plays for Italian Lega Pro Prima Divisione side Barletta on loan from A.S. Livorno Calcio.

He made his Serie A debut for A.S. Livorno Calcio on March 24, 2010 in a game against F.C. Internazionale Milano.

SSD Barletta 1922
S.S.D. Barletta 1922 is an Italian association football club located in Barletta, Apulia. Currently it plays in Eccellenza Apulia.

Barletta was played in the professional league as Società Sportiva Barletta Calcio. In 2015, the club went bankrupt, and a new phoenix club, A.S.D. Barletta 1922, was admitted to the 2015–16 Eccellenza on 6 August.
Goona Warra, Waljeers
Goona Warra is a civil parish of Waljeers County in the Riverina area Far West, New South Wales, Australia.

The parish is situated between Hay, New South Wales and Booligal within Hay Shire.The main feature of the parish is Lake Waljeers, and the Lachlan River. The area is semi arid and the main economy is broad acre agriculture, producing crops as wheat, barley, canola, as well as irrigated cotton and rice, which are crucial for supporting local farming communities.

Hay, New South Wales
Hay is a town in the western Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. It is the administrative centre of Hay Shire local government area and the centre of a prosperous and productive agricultural district on the wide Hay Plains.

Located approximately midway between Sydney and Adelaide at the junction of the Sturt, Cobb and Mid-Western Highways, Hay is an important regional and national transport node. The town itself is built beside the Murrumbidgee River, part of the Murray–Darling river system; Australia's largest. The main business district of Hay is situated on the north bank of the river.
Capital Arts Entertainment
Capital Arts Entertainment is a Los Angeles-based film and television production, financing and distribution company.

Run by former Roger Corman alums Mike Elliott, Rob Kerchner and Joe Genier, Capital Arts Entertainment is widely believed to have produced, with Saban Entertainment's Lance H.Robbins and Haim Saban, the very first direct-to-video sequel, 1997's Casper: A Spirited Beginning starring Steve Guttenberg, Lori Loughlin and Rodney Dangerfield.

Company efforts include Tyler Perry's Diary of a Mad Black Woman, American Pie Presents: The Book of Love, Beethoven's 5th, Peaceful Warrior, Why Did I Get Married?, Route 9, The Perfect Holiday and TimeCop : The Berlin Decision. Though best known for their succession of direct-to-video sequels, the shingle has also developed and produced several original features.

The Perfect Holiday
The Perfect Holiday is a 2007 American comedy film directed by Lance Rivera, starring Gabrielle Union, Morris Chestnut, Charlie Murphy, and Terrence Howard, and is produced by Academy Award-nominated actress Queen Latifah, who also serves as narrator.

The film was released on December 12, 2007. It was also the first film by Destination Films to receive a wide release since Beautiful.
Gulmohar (2023 film)
Gulmohar (transl. Flame Tree) is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language family drama film written and directed by Rahul V. Chittella. The film stars Sharmila Tagore, Manoj Bajpayee, Simran, Suraj Sharma, Amol Palekar, and Kaveri Seth, amongst others. It was released on Disney+ Hotstar on 3 March 2023. It was featured in the 54th IFFI Indian panorama mainstream section.

At the 2023 Filmfare OTT Awards, Gulmohar received 14 nominations won 3 awards, including Best Actress in a Web Original Film (Critics) (Tagore) and Best Supporting Actor in a Web Original Film (Sharma). At the 70th National Film Awards, the film won the Best Feature Film in Hindi, Best Screenplay (Dialogues) (Mukherjee and Chittella), and Special Mention (feature film) (Bajpayee).

70th National Film Awards
The 70th National Film Awards were announced on 16 August 2024 to honour the best films of 2022 in Indian cinema, presented by the National Film Development Corporation of India. The awards ceremony was originally slated to be held on 3 May 2023 but was postponed to October 2024 due to delays after the COVID-19 pandemic. The winners were announced on 16 August 2024, by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in a press conference. The winners along with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipient were felicitated by the President, Droupadi Murmu on 8 October 2024 at the Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
Seán Quigley
Seán Quigley (born 1992) is a Gaelic footballer whose league and championship career at senior level with the Fermanagh county team began with his debut in 2011. He is from Roslea, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
Knema globularia
Knema globularia or seashore nutmeg is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree found in Cambodia, China, India and Southeast Asia. It grows on rocky and sandy coasts, riverbanks, and lowland forests.: 266

Myristicaceae
The Myristicaceae are a family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, Myristica fragrans, the source of the spices nutmeg and mace. The best known genera are Myristica in Asia and Virola in the Neotropics.

The family consists of about 21 genera with about 520 species of trees, shrubs and rarely lianas (Pycnanthus) found in tropical forests around the world. Most of the species are large trees that are valued in the timber industry.
Trakinas
Trakinas is a Brazilian sandwich cookie brand originally created by the Nabisco company in 1988. The product is known for being mainly focused on children and consists of two (usually chocolate) biscuits with a sweet crème filling, with the difference that each cookie is modeled in the shape of a face with two holes for the eyes and one for the mouth.

When Nabisco was sold to Philip Morris in 2000, Trakinas were manufactured by its subsidiary Kraft Foods Inc. Since 2012, the cookies has been manufactured by Mondelez International, one of the two companies established when Kraft Foods spun off.

The brand was considered the 2nd most spontaneously remembered biscuit brand by consumers and the 4th strongest in the category, according to data released by the Kantar research center in 2018.

Altria
Altria Group, Inc. is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco, cigarettes, and medical products in the treatment of illnesses caused by tobacco. It operates worldwide and is headquartered in the city of Richmond, Virginia.

Altria is the parent company of Philip Morris USA, John Middleton, Inc., U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company, Inc., Philip Morris Capital Corporation, and NJOY Holdings, Inc. Altria also maintains large minority stakes in Belgium-based brewer AB InBev and the Canadian cannabis company Cronos Group. It is a component of the S&P 500 and was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1985 to 2008, dropping due to spin-offs of Kraft Foods Inc. in 2007 and Philip Morris International in 2008.
Valea Pietrei (Râul Mare)
The Valea Pietrei or Netiș is a left tributary of the Râul Mare in Romania. It flows into the Râul Mare downstream from the Gura Apelor Dam. Its length is 8 km (5.0 mi) and its basin size is 18 km2 (6.9 sq mi).

Gura Apelor Dam
The Gura Apelor Dam is a rock-fill dam on the river Râul Mare about 35 km (22 mi) southwest of Hațeg in Hunedoara County, Romania. It is fed by the Râul Mare and its tributaries Lăpușnicul Mic and Șes. It is the tallest dam in Romania. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports the 335 MW Râul Mare Hydroelectric Power Station which is located underground about 18 km (11 mi) to the northeast. Water from the reservoir is piped the long distance from the dam to the power station. The difference in elevation between the reservoir and the power station downstream affords a hydraulic head of 582.5 m (1,911 ft). Construction on the dam began in 1975 and the power station was operational in 1986. In 2012 the dam's reservoir was drained for repairs. It is expected to be impounded again in 2014.
Lance O'Sullivan (doctor)
Lance O'Sullivan (born 1973) is a New Zealand Māori doctor (Te Rarawa, Ngati Hau, Ngati Maru) formerly practising in Kaitaia, Northland. He is also an author, public speaker and public health advocate.  In 2013 O'Sullivan was declared Ngā Toa Whakaihuwaka (Supreme Māori of the year), and in 2014 he was declared New Zealander of the Year 2014 for bringing health programmes to disadvantaged in rural areas.

Ngāti Hau
Ngāti Hau are the Māori iwi (tribes) of the Whanganui River area in New Zealand.

There are two stories of where the name Ngāti Hau comes from. One is that it comes from Haupipi, who arrived in New Zealand on the Aotea canoe, after his first canoe, Kurahaupō, was wrecked. The other is that it is derived from Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi, another name for the Whanganui Māori.
Braintree (UK Parliament constituency)
Braintree is a constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by James Cleverly, a member of the Conservative Party.

Cleverly, a former chairman of the Conservative Party, is currently serving as Shadow Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government having previously held several ministerial roles including home secretary, foreign secretary and secretary of state for education.

Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)
The secretary of state for foreign, commonwealth and development affairs, commonly known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The role is one of the most senior ministers in the UK Government and is a Great Office of State. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and National Security Council, and reports directly to the prime minister.

The officeholder works alongside the other Foreign Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow foreign secretary. The Foreign Affairs Select Committee also evaluates the secretary of state's performance.

The current foreign secretary is Yvette Cooper. She was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.