hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bunjiro Koto
Bunjirō Kotō (Japanese: 小藤 文次郎, April 8, 1856 - March 8, 1935) was a Japanese earth scientist (Geologist). He is from Iwami Province (Shimane Prefecture). Kotō is from Tokyo Imperial University, and after graduating, he became a professor at Tokyo Imperial University. He is known for taking photographs of the Neodani Fault when he investigated the 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Stradella, Gambolò
Stradella is a village in the comune of Gambolò, Pavia province, in the northern Italian region of Lombardy, at about 100 m (328 ft) above sea-level, in the plain of the Ticino, about 8 km (5 mi) SW of the river. The resident population counted in the 2001 census was 50.

Province of Pavia
The province of Pavia (Italian: provincia di Pavia) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Pavia.

As of 2015, the province has a population of 548,722 inhabitants and an area of 2,968.64 square kilometres (1,146.20 sq mi); the town of Pavia has a population of 72,205.
Division of Lang
The Division of Lang was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. It was located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, and was named after Rev. John Dunmore Lang, a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and advocate of Australian independence. It originally included the suburbs of Kogarah and Marrickville, but by the time it was abolished in 1977, it covered the suburbs of Lakemba and Belmore.  The Division was proclaimed in 1900, and was one of the original 75 divisions to be contested at the first Federal election.  It was held by the Labor Party for all but one term after 1928, and in its final form was very safe for that party.  It was abolished at the redistribution of 31 October 1977.

Kogarah, New South Wales
Kogarah (/kɒɡərə/) is a suburb of Southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Kogarah is located 14 kilometres (9 miles) south of the Sydney central business district and is considered to be the centre of the St George area.
11714 Mikebrown
11714 Mikebrown, provisional designation 1998 HQ51, is a stony background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 28 April 1998, by astronomers of the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Object Search (LONEOS) at the U.S. Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, and later named after American astronomer Michael Brown.

Anderson Mesa Station
Anderson Mesa Station is an astronomical observatory established in 1959 as a dark-sky observing site for Lowell Observatory. It is located at Anderson Mesa in Coconino County, Arizona, about 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Lowell's main campus on Mars Hill in Flagstaff, Arizona.
St Clement's Cottage
St Clement's Cottage is a building in the Scottish town of Dunblane, Stirling. Located in The Cross, immediately to the south of Dunblane Cathedral, it is a Category B listed structure dating to the mid-19th century. It adjoins Cathedral Cottage, on its northern side, also of Category B listed status.

Dunblane
Dunblane (/dʌnˈbleɪn/, Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Bhlàthain) is a town in the council area of Stirling, in central Scotland; it is inside the historic boundaries of the county of Perthshire. It is a commuter town, with many residents making use of good transport links to much of the Central Belt, including Glasgow and Edinburgh.

The town is built on the banks of the Allan Water (or River Allan), a tributary of the River Forth. Dunblane Cathedral is its most prominent landmark. It had a population of 8,114 at the 2001 census, which grew to 8,811 at the 2011 census; both of these figures were computed according to the 2010 definition of the locality. In mid-2016 it was estimated that the population had grown to 9,410.
Ristella
Ristella is a genus of skinks, lizards in the family Scincidae. The genus is endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Member species are commonly known as cat skinks because of their retractile claws. This genus can be instantly identified by the presence of only four fingers in forelimbs in all the species (instead of the usual five). All the members look more or less similar, and are drab dark brown to blackish in colouration, with paler undersides. This poorly known group of lizards is diurnal, insectivorous, terrestrial to semi-fossorial in habits. They inhabit deep leaf-litter and grasslands in montane forests and rainforests.

Diurnal cycle
A diurnal cycle (or diel cycle) is any pattern that recurs every 24 hours as a result of one full rotation of the planet Earth around its axis. Earth's rotation causes surface temperature fluctuations throughout the day and night, as well as weather changes throughout the year. The diurnal cycle depends mainly on incoming solar radiation.
Von Bach Dam
The Von Bach Dam (originally the Sartorius von Bach Dam) is a rock-fill embankment dam on the Swakop River near Okahandja in the Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia. Built in 1968 and commissioned in 1970, the dam provides Namibia's capital of Windhoek with much of the city's water. It also supplies Okahandja. The dam has a capacity of 48.56 million cubic metres (63,510,000 cu yd). Water from the reservoir is sent directly to a water treatment plant downstream. The treatment plant was completed in 1971 and upgraded in 1997.

Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.  Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.
Bhimsen (raga)
Bhimsen is a rāgam in Carnatic music and Hindustani music(Indian classical music scale) created by music composer Mahesh Mahadev. named after ‘Bharat Ratna’ Pandit Bhimsen Joshi (BHIM) Miaya Tansen (SEN). It is the Janya raga of 11th Melakarta rāgam Kokilapriya in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. Mahesh Mahadev introduced this raga to Indian classical music by composing two Hindustani Bandish.

Melakarta
Mēḷakartā is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). Mēḷakartā ragas are parent ragas (hence known as janaka ragas) from which other ragas may be derived. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well, though the latter usage is inaccurate, as a sampurna raga need not be a melakarta (take the raga Bhairavi, for example).

In Hindustani music the thaat is the rough equivalent of Melakartā. There are 10 thaats in Hindustani music, though the commonly accepted melakarta scheme has 72 ragas.
Novo Celje
Novo Celje (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈtsɛ̀ːljɛ, ˈnɔ́ː-]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Žalec in east-central Slovenia. Its territory is basically the estate of Novo Celje Mansion, a late 18th-century mansion just southeast of Žalec.  The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Žalec
The Municipality of Žalec (pronounced [ˈʒaːləts] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Žalec) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of Styria. The seat of the municipality is the town of Žalec. The municipality was established in its current form on 7 August 1998, when the former larger municipality of Žalec was divided into six smaller municipalities.
Butchers Shop, Yungaburra
Butchers Shop is a heritage-listed butcher shop at 2 Kehoe Place, Yungaburra, Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built c. 1922. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Tablelands Region
The Tablelands Region is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia inland from the city of Cairns. Established in 2008, it was preceded by four previous local government areas which dated back more than a century. On 1 January 2014, one of those local government areas, the Shire of Mareeba, was re-established independent of the Tablelands Region.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$62.2 million.

In the 2021 census, the Tablelands Region had a population of 26,244 people.
Shinjuku Rurikoin Byakurengedo
The Shinjuku Rurikoin Byakurengedo (新宿瑠璃光院 白蓮華堂) is a Buddhist temple in Shinjuku ward of Tokyo, Japan, designed by Japanese architect Kiyoshi Takeyama. Located near Shinjuku Station, the building features a "futuristic" look and uses "advanced technology" to create an automated cemetery experience, housing up to 7,000 urns. It is one of the thousands of Buddhist temples under the Jōdo Shinshū branch of Buddhism and managed by the Komyō-ji Temple of Kyoto.

Shinjuku
Shinjuku (Japanese: 新宿区, Hepburn: Shinjuku-ku; IPA: [ɕiɲdʑɯkɯ] ⓘ), officially called Shinjuku City, is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

Since the end of World War II, Shinjuku has become a major secondary center of Tokyo (fukutoshin), rivaling the original city center in Marunouchi. Today, it is a major commercial and administrative center, housing the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administrative center of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

As of 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 355,981, living in a total area of 18.23 km2.
Amata caspia
Amata caspia is a species of moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Otto Staudinger in 1877. It is found in south-western Russia, the southern Ural Mountains, the Caucasus, Transcaspia, Kazakhstan and Turkey.

The wingspan is 19–28 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing in June and July.

Transcaspian Oblast
The Transcaspian Oblast, or simply Transcaspia, was an oblast of the Russian Empire and early Soviet Russia to the east of the Caspian Sea during the second half of the 19th century until 1924.

It was bounded to the south by Iran's Khorasan Province and Afghanistan, to the north by the former Ural Oblast of the Russian Empire, and to the northeast by the former Russian protectorates of Khiva and Bukhara. Part of Russian Turkestan, it corresponded roughly to the territory of present-day Turkmenistan and southwestern Kazakhstan.

The name of the oblast (literally, 'Beyond [the] Caspian') is explained by the fact that until the construction of the Trans-Aral Railway in the early 20th century the easiest way to reach this oblast from central Russia (or from Russian Transcaucasia) was across the Caspian Sea, by boat from Astrakhan or Baku.
People's Democratic Party (Chile)
The People's Democratic Party (Spanish: Partido Democrático del Pueblo) was a political party in Chile. It was founded through a split in the Democratic Party. PDP was part of the 1952 People's Alliance that supported Carlos Ibáñez del Campo in the 1952 presidential election. In 1956 the PDP joined the Popular Action Front (FRAP). In 1956 PDP merged again into the Democratic Party.

Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (Latin American Spanish: [ˈkaɾlos iˈβaɲes ðel ˈkampo]; 3 November 1877 – 28 April 1960) was a Chilean Army officer and political figure. He served as president twice, first between 1927 and 1931, and then from 1952 to 1958, serving for 10 years in office.
Petersbach
Petersbach is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Peteresbach is within the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park (French: Parc naturel régional des Vosges du Nord) that lies in the northern foothills of the Vosges Mountains.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
Melita Abraham
Melita Isidora Abraham Schüssler (born 7 July 1997) is a Chilean rower. Together with quadruplet sister Antonia, they have won several medals at age-group championships, including gold in the coxless pair at the 2017 World U23 Championships.

She won gold medals in the coxless pair and quadruple sculls events at the 2019 Pan American Games.

Schüssler is also a 2015 Pan American Games silver medallist in the coxless pair and has competed in the lightweight double sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Rowing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's lightweight double sculls
The women's lightweight double sculls competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 8–12 August at the Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas.

The medals for the competition were presented by Poul-Erik Høyer, Denmark, a member of the International Olympic Committee, and the gifts were presented by Tricia Smith, Canada, Vice President of the International Rowing Federation.
Hardy Jones
Hardy Jones (1943 – December 12, 2018)  was a wildlife and conservation filmmaker. He began his career in radio at WNOE in New Orleans and worked for United Press International, The Peruvian Times, and CBS News. He had been a television documentary producer since 1978 and produced over 75 films for PBS, Discovery, TBS, and National Geographic. His first film, entitled DOLPHIN, depicts a school of spotted dolphins residing 40 miles north of Grand Bahama island. Beginning in 1978, Jones returned countless times to the Bahamas to visit these dolphins and film them. Some of the dolphins have become internationally famous. Chopper, a 27-year-old male, was filmed by Jones for the first time in 1979 and appeared in the 2005 PBS film The Dolphin Defender.

Grand Bahama
Grand Bahama is the northernmost of the islands of the Bahamas. It is the third largest island in the Bahamas island chain of approximately 700 islands and 2,400 cays. The island is roughly 530 square miles (1,400 km2) in area and approximately 153 kilometres (95 miles) long west to east and 24 kilometres (15 miles) at its widest point north to south. Its westernmost town, West End, is located 56 nautical miles (64 miles; 104 km) east of Palm Beach, Florida. Administratively, the island consists of the Freeport Bonded Area and the districts of East Grand Bahama and West Grand Bahama. Nearly half of the homes on the island were damaged or destroyed in early September 2019 by Hurricane Dorian.
Roriz (Santo Tirso)
Roriz is an urban parish located 10 km northeast of the city of Santo Tirso, in Portugal. It is a major industrial center. The population in 2011 was 3,665, in an area of 6.17 km². It is known by its Singeverga Monastery of the Benedictine order, famous for its Singeverga Liqueur, it also has a nuns convent St Scholastica famous for its butter cookies.

Butter cookie
Butter cookies, also known as Danish butter cookies, are cookies originating in Denmark consisting of butter, flour, and sugar. They are similar to shortbread cookies.

The butter cookie is often categorized as a "crisp cookie" due to its texture, caused in part by the quantity of butter and sugar. It is generally necessary to chill its dough to enable proper manipulation and handling.

Butter cookies at their most basic have no flavoring, but they are often flavored with vanilla, chocolate, and coconut, and/or topped with sugar crystals. They also come in a variety of shapes such as circles, squares, ovals, rings, and pretzel-like forms, and with a variety of appearances, including marbled, checkered or plain. Using piping bags, twisted shapes can be made. In some parts of the world, such as Europe and North America, butter cookies are often served around Christmas time. Butter cookies are also a very popular gift in Hong Kong, especially during Lunar New Year.
Hundred of Lacepede
The Hundred of Lacepede is a cadastral hundred of the County of MacDonnell on the Limestone Coast, South Australia.

It gave its name to the District Council of Lacepede and is centered on the town of Kingston SE, South Australia, near Lacepede Bay.

The traditional owners are the Ngarrindjeri people, who originally lived along the Coorong. The first European to explore this stretch of coastline was the French explorer Nicolas Baudin, who discovered Lacepede Bay in 1802.

Kingston SE
Kingston SE (Kingston South East to distinguish it from Kingston on Murray), formerly Kingston, is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east coastline on the shores of Lacepede Bay.  It is located about 240 kilometres (150 miles) southeast of the state capital of Adelaide and 138 kilometres (86 miles) north-west of the centre of the city of Mount Gambier.

At the 2021 census, Kingston SE had a population of 1,637.
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
The Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps concerns both the actual stamps and covers used during the American Civil War, and the later postage celebrations. The latter include commemorative stamp issues devoted to the actual events and personalities of the war, as well as definitive issues depicting many noteworthy individuals who participated in the era's crucial developments.

Phoebe Pember
Phoebe Yates Levy Pember (August 18, 1823 – March 4, 1913) was an American nurse and female administrator of Chimborazo Hospital at Richmond, Virginia. She was from a prominent Jewish family from Charleston, South Carolina. She assumed the responsibility informally at the age of 39 and eventually over 15,000 patients came under her direct care during the war.
Nabipura
Nabipura is a village in India located in the Fatehpur tehsil of the Sikar district of the state Rajasthan. It is located 18 km east of Fatehpur. Nearby villages include: Beswa, Balodi, Dhakali, Maroth Pura, Deenwa Ladh Kani, Malta and Bagroda.

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.
Daylesford Secondary College
Daylesford College is a government secondary school located in Daylesford, Hepburn Shire approximately an hour and a half drive from Melbourne. It is the only secondary college in Shire of Hepburn. The principal is Steve MacPhail, and the assistant principals are Nick Cowan and Anna Treasure.

Shire of Hepburn
The Shire of Hepburn is a local government area in Victoria, Australia. Located in the central part of the state, it covers an area of 1,473 square kilometres (569 mi2). The 2021 census recorded a population of 16,604 in the shire.

Notable settlements include Clunes, Creswick, Daylesford, Hepburn Springs, Trentham, Allendale, Denver, Glenlyon, Kingston, Leonards Hill, Lyonville, Newlyn and Smeaton.

The shire is governed and administered by the Hepburn Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Daylesford. It also has a service centre located in Creswick. The shire is named after an early squatter named John Hepburn, who established the Smeaton Hill pastoral run, which was located a few kilometres north of present-day Creswick.
1st Infantry Regiment (France)
The 1st Infantry Regiment (French: 1er Régiment d'Infanterie) or 1er RI is an infantry regiment of the French Army, founded in 1479 as one of the oldest regiments in active service in the world. It is an offspring of the bande de Picardie under the Ancien Régime, and one of the five oldest regiments in France. It particularly distinguished itself, as the 1ère Demi-Brigade d'Infanterie de Ligne, during the French Revolutionary Wars at the Battles of Fleurus (1794), Messkirch (1800) and Biberach (1800). The regiment has been patroned by the city of Saint-Amand-Montrond since 12 April 2003.

The 1er RI is the only French infantry regiment to feature a squadron specialised in urban warfare, the Groupe Commando d'Investigation (CGI, "Breaching Commando Group"). The CGI is, with the Compagnie de Combat en zone Urbaine of the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment, the benchmark for urban combat in the French military.

Battle of Biberach (1800)
The Battle of Biberach on 9 May 1800 saw a French First Republic corps under Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr engage part of a Habsburg Austrian army led by Pál Kray. After an engagement in which the Austrians suffered twice as many casualties as the French, Kray withdrew to the east. The combat occurred during the War of the Second Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. Biberach an der Riss is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Ulm.

In late April 1800, a French army under the command of Jean Victor Marie Moreau crossed the Rhine river near Basel. At Stockach and Engen on 3 May, Moreau captured Kray's base of supplies and forced him into retreat. Two days later, Kray confronted his pursuers at Battle of Messkirch but was beaten again. On the 9th, the corps of Gouvion Saint-Cyr caught up with a part of Kray's army and the two sides battled again.
Mount Turnbull (Arizona)
Mount Turnbull (Western Apache: Dził Dlaazhe) is the highest point in the Santa Teresa Mountains in western Graham County, Arizona. The summit has an elevation of 8,284 feet (2,525 m) and a prominence of 3,562 feet (1,086 m). It is the highest point in the Santa Teresa Mountains and the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation. A recreational permit is required for access to reservation land.

Graham County, Arizona
Graham County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,533, making it the third-least populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Safford.

Graham County composes the Safford, Arizona Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The county is home to several organizations including Eastern Arizona College and the Mount Graham International Observatory, which includes one of the world's largest and most powerful telescopes. Graham County is also home to the Arizona Salsa Trail and the annual Salsa Fest.

Graham County contains part of the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation.