hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ji Ju
Ji Ju (Chinese: 姬鞠) was a noble of the Chinese Xia dynasty.

He is reported as having abandoned the agriculture of his father Buzhu and grandfather Houji in favor of the animal husbandry practiced by the Xirong and Beidi peoples.

His son was Duke Liu, from whom the royal family of the Zhou dynasty descended.

Beidi
The Di or Beidi (Northern Di) were various ethnic groups who lived north of the Chinese (Huaxia) realms during the Zhou dynasty. Although initially described as nomadic, they seem to have practiced a mixed pastoral, agricultural, and hunting economy and were distinguished from the nomads of the Eurasian steppe who lived to their north. Chinese historical accounts describe the Di inhabiting the upper Ordos Loop and gradually migrating eastward to northern Shanxi and northern Hebei, where they eventually created their own states like Zhongshan and Dai. Other groups of Di seem to have lived interspersed between the Chinese states before their eventual conquest or sinicization.
Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum
Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum (Arabic: أحمد بن سعيد آل مكتوم; born 1 December 1958) is an Emirati businessman, politician and member of Dubai's ruling Al Maktoum family, who is the current chairman and CEO of the Emirates airline and the Emirates Group, second vice chairman of the Executive Council of Dubai and president of the Dubai Civil Aviation Authority (DCAA).

He is also the chairman of Dubai Airports, Dubai Holding, Dubai World and Emirates NBD. Ahmed is the board member of the Investment Corporation of Dubai (ICD) and the current chancellor of The British University in Dubai.

British University in Dubai
The British University in Dubai (BUiD) (Arabic: الجامعة البريطانية في دبي) is a research-based, non-profit institution in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Founded in 2003 by the country's Vice President and Prime Minister Maktoum bin Rashid al-Maktoum, it is licensed by the UAE's Ministry of Education's Higher Education Affairs and all its programmes are accredited by the Commission for Academic Accreditation (CAA).

BUiD is part of a strategic alliance with three UK Russell Group universities: University of Edinburgh, the University of Manchester, and University of Glasgow.

BUiD is located in Dubai International Academic City, Dubai.
Kinilaw
Kinilaw (pronounced [kɪnɪˈlaʊ] or [kɪˈnɪlaʊ], is a Visayan/Cebuano term that means "to eat raw". It is a raw seafood dish and preparation method native to the Philippines. It is more accurately a cooking process that relies on vinegar and acidic fruit juices (usually citrus) to denature the ingredients, rather than a dish, as it can also be used to prepare meat and vegetables. Kinilaw dishes are usually eaten as appetizers before a meal, or as finger food (pulutan) with alcoholic drinks. Kinilaw is also sometimes called kilawin, especially in the northern Philippines, but the term kilawin more commonly applies to a similar lightly grilled meat dish.

Hors d'oeuvre
An hors d'oeuvre (/ɔːr ˈdɜːrv(rə)/ or DURV(-rə); French: hors-d'œuvre [ɔʁ dœvʁ(ə)] ⓘ), appetiser, appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or they may be served before seating, such as at a reception or cocktail party. Formerly, hors d'oeuvres were also served between courses.

Typically smaller than a main dish, an hors d'oeuvre is often designed to be eaten by hand. Hors d'oeuvre are typically served at parties as a small "snack" before a main course.
Crime Intelligence Division
The Crime Intelligence Division of the South African Police Service is an intelligence agency that tracks criminal elements within the Republic of South Africa. It is run by a Divisional Commissioner, who is also a member of the National Intelligence Co-Ordinating Committee (NICOC), to which they report.

The main functions of the CI division are:

Operational Support.

Crime Information Analysis Centre.

Crime Information Management Centre.

Counter Intelligence.

Covert Intelligence.

Crime Intelligence Collection.

In the 2020s, the Division has been under scrutiny by observers for misconduct. In 2024, the head of Crime Intelligence for the Western Cape was formally dismissed under misconduct grounds. In 2025, allegations were again raised against the police division, raising concerns around corruption, instability and leaks.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Sphodrosaurus
Sphodrosaurus is an extinct genus of basal archosauriform reptiles from the Late Triassic-aged New Oxford Formation (not the Brunswick Formation as initially suggested) of Pennsylvania. The type species is S. pennsylvanicus, described by Edwin Colbert in 1960. The holotype (NMN, Franklin and Marshall College 2321; the cast is listed under AMNH 7601) consists of a partial skeleton including the back of the skull, the vertebral column, all of the ribs, all of the hindlimbs and part of the upper forelimbs; Sphodrosaurus was originally believed to have been a member of the Procolophonidae while more recently Sphodrosaurus was believed to be a basal member of the Diapsida by most authors starting with Sues et al. (1993), or a member of the Rhynchosauria (Baird, 1986). In 2022, Ezcurra & Sues redescribed the holotype in detail and placed it in a phylogenetic analysis with other Triassic diapsid reptiles, where it was found as the basalmost doswellid.

Passaic Formation
The Passaic Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. It was previously known as the Brunswick Formation since it was first described in the vicinity of New Brunswick, New Jersey. It is now named for the city of Passaic, New Jersey, which is near where its type section was described by paleontologist Paul E. Olsen.
Edmond Baird Ryckman
Edmond Baird Ryckman, PC (April 15, 1866 – January 11, 1934) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Huntingdon, Canada East, he moved with his family to Kingston, Canada West, and then Guelph. He was educated at Brantford Collegiate Institute, the University of Toronto, and Osgoode Hall. His father, E.B. Ryckman, was a Methodist minister.

After graduating from law school, Ryckman formed the commercial and corporate law firm Ryckman, Kirkpatrick, Kerr and MacInnes, which represented Canadian companies including Molson Bank.

He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Toronto East in the 1921 federal election. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1925, 1926, and 1930.

In 1926, he was the Minister of Public Works in the short lived cabinet of Arthur Meighen; when he accepted the post he resigned his position as president of the Dunlop Tire and Rubber Goods Company.

From 1930 to 1933, he was the Minister of National Revenue.

Huntingdon, Quebec
Huntingdon is a small town in Huntingdon County in the Haut-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality, and the Montérégie region of the province of Quebec, Canada. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 2,556. The town is 75 kilometres (47 mi) southwest of Montreal, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with New York State.
Clawson v. United States
Clawson v. United States, 113 U.S. 143 (1885), was a case regarding a Utah territorial statute which authorized an appeal by a defendant in a criminal action from a final judgment of conviction, which provides that an appeal shall stay execution upon filing with the clerk a certificate of a judge that in his opinion there is probable cause for the appeal, and further provides that after conviction, a defendant who has appealed may be admitted to bail as of right when the judgment is for the payment of a fine only, and as matter of discretion in other cases, does not confer upon a defendant convicted and sentenced to pay a fine and be imprisoned the right, after appeal and filing of certificate of probable cause, to be admitted to bail except within the discretion of the court.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Shayne Jackson
Shayne Jackson is a Canadian professional lacrosse player playing for the Georgia Swarm of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) and Cannons LC of the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL). He previously played for the Charlotte Hounds, Atlanta Blaze & Philadelphia Barrage in the Major League Lacrosse (MLL).

Drafted fourth overall in 2012 NLL Entry Draft by the Minnesota Swarm, he has played his entire NLL career with the Swarm franchise. He was named the National Lacrosse League MVP Award winner of the pandemic shortened 2020 NLL season.

For college, Jackson started out playing for Onondaga Community College. With them, he won two NJCAA national titles and was the 2010 NJCAA player of the year. He followed that with two years at Limestone College.

Onondaga Community College
Onondaga Community College (OCC) is a public community college with its main campus in Onondaga, New York, United States. The college serves Onondaga County and Central New York. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
Eluru (rural)
Eluru Rural is a partial out growth of Eluru in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Eluru mandal of Eluru revenue division. It is also a constituent of Eluru urban agglomeration.

Eluru revenue division
Eluru revenue division (or Eluru division) is an administrative division in the Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district which consists of 13 mandals under its administration. Eluru city is the divisional headquarters. The present sixteen mandals became part of the division on 25 May 1985.
Kotak Mahindra Bank
Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai. It offers banking products and financial services for corporate and retail customers in the areas of personal finance, investment banking, life insurance, and wealth management. As of December 2023, the bank has 1,869 branches and 3,239 ATMs, including branches in GIFT City and DIFC (Dubai).

Wealth management
Wealth management (WM) or wealth management advisory (WMA) is an investment advisory service that provides financial management and wealth advisory services to a wide array of clients ranging from affluent to high-net-worth (HNW) and ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) individuals and families.

It is a discipline which incorporates structuring and planning wealth to assist in growing, preserving, and protecting wealth, whilst passing it onto the family in a tax-efficient manner and in accordance with their wishes. Wealth management brings together tax planning, wealth protection, estate planning, succession planning, and family governance.
Naesbyhoved Lake
Naesbyhoved Lake (Danish: Næsbyhoved Sø) was a lake in Denmark, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Odense's current center. Measuring approximately 1.65 km2 (0.64 sq mi), it was the second largest lake on the island of Funen after Arreskov Lake, and was until desiccation in 1863, a popular destination for Odense's residents.

A small part of the lake's eastern section is included in the Odense Canal and Odense Inner Harbour, which had been excavated in the years 1796 to 1804 (and subsequent expansion), while the rest of the parched land passed to include Åløkke Farm.

The lake supported five islands: Store Thor Lund (and Little Thor Lund), Great Holm Brase, Brase Small Holm, Vieholmen and Gåseholmen. Naesbyhoved Castle (Næsbyhoved Slot) was on a peninsula from the lake's northern shore; it was destroyed during the Count's Feud in 1534.

Count's Feud
The Count's Feud (Danish: Grevens Fejde), sometimes referred to as the Count's War, was a Danish war of succession occurring from 1534 to 1536, which gave rise to the Reformation in Denmark. In the broader international context, it was a part of the European wars of religion. The Count's Feud derives its name from the Protestant count, Christopher of Oldenburg, who championed the claim to the throne of the deposed Catholic king, Christian II (who was forced from power in 1523), rejecting Christian III's election. Christian III was a devoted protestant who had already established Lutheranism as the state religion in Schleswig and Holstein by 1528.
Nocturnes (film)
Nocturnes is a Canadian animated short film, directed by François Aubry and released in 1988. Mixing live action with animation, the film imagines the creative process through a depiction of Martin Foster, at the time a violinist with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, as a composer who is accessing the ultimate cosmic source of all artistic inspiration as he creates a new work.

Some sources have attributed British actor Hugh Grant with a role in the film as Frédéric Chopin; however, this may be an erroneous conflation with a different film, as Aubry's film features neither spoken dialogue nor any depiction of Chopin, and does not list Grant in its credits.

The film premiered at the 1988 Montreal World Film Festival.

It received a Genie Award nomination for Best Animated Short at the 10th Genie Awards in 1989.

Montreal Symphony Orchestra
The Montreal Symphony Orchestra (French: Orchestre symphonique de Montréal, or OSM) is a Canadian symphony orchestra based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  The orchestra’s home is the Montreal Symphony House at Place des Arts.
Palanan
Palanan [pɐˈlanan], officially the Municipality of Palanan (Ibanag: Ili nat Palanan; Ilocano: Ili ti Palanan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Palanan), is a municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 18,091 people.

It also served as the final capital of the First Philippine Republic from 1900 until the capture of President Emilio Aguinaldo by the Americans during the Philippine-American War in 1901.

Ibanag language
The Ibanag language (also written as Ybanag or Ibanak) is an Austronesian language spoken by up to 500,000 speakers, mostly comprising the Ibanag people, in the northeastern provinces of Isabela and Cagayan in the Philippines. Ibanag is spoken widely in the cities of Tuguegarao, Solana, Abulug, Camalaniugan, Lal-lo, Cabagan, Tumauini, San Pablo, Santo Tomas, Santa Maria, and Ilagan, as well as in the area around the Cagayan River. Ibanag is also spoken by Filipinos in the Middle East, United Kingdom, and the United States. Most speakers of Ibanag can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of northern Luzon island. The name Ibanag comes from the prefix I- which means 'people of', and bannag, meaning 'river'. Ibanag is closely related to Gaddang, Itawis, Agta, Atta, Yogad, Isneg and Malaweg.
Laura Anne Jones
Laura Anne Jones (born 21 February 1979) is a Welsh politician who has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for the South Wales East electoral region since July 2020 (with the exception of a two-week Senedd ban 20 Nov-3 Dec 2025), having previously held the same seat as an Assembly Member (AM) in the National Assembly for Wales between 2003 and 2007.

She is a member of Reform UK, having previously represented the Welsh Conservatives until July 2025. Jones also served as a county councillor for the Wyesham ward in Monmouthshire County Council from 2017 to 2022.

Welsh Conservatives
The Welsh Conservative Party (Welsh: Plaid Ceidwadwyr Cymreig), commonly the Welsh Conservatives (Welsh: Ceidwadwyr Cymreig), is the branch of the United Kingdom Conservative Party that operates in Wales. At Westminster elections and as of 1999, it was the second-most popular political party in Wales by vote share, having obtained the second-largest share of the vote at every general election since 1931. In Senedd elections, the Conservatives are currently the second-most supported party but have at times been third. Presently, they hold 13 of the 60 seats in the Senedd and none of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons.
Model–view–presenter
Model–view–presenter (MVP) is a derivation of the model–view–controller (MVC) architectural pattern, and is used mostly for building user interfaces.

In MVP, the presenter assumes the functionality of the "middle-man". In MVP, all presentation logic is pushed to the presenter.

Vaadin
Vaadin (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋɑːdin]) is an open-source web application development platform for Java. Vaadin includes a set of Web Components, a Java web framework, and a set of tools that enable developers to implement modern web graphical user interfaces (GUI) using the Java programming language only (instead of HTML and JavaScript), TypeScript only, or a combination of both.
Vijayam
Vijayam (transl. Victory) is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language social problem film directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao and produced by D. Ramanaidu. The film stars Raja and Gajala. It was released on 9 May 2003.

Raja (Telugu actor)
Raja Abel  is an Indian actor who worked in Telugu films. He is best known for his role in the Telugu film Anand.

He debuted in 2002, playing a small role in the romantic comedy O Chinnadana. Since entering the industry, he has appeared in the successful films like Anand, Aa Naluguru, Vennela, and Style.
North End Historic District
North End Historic District can refer to:

North End Historic District (Colorado Springs, Colorado), listed on the NRHP in Colorado

North End Historic District (Westerly, Rhode Island), listed on the NRHP in Rhode Island

North End Historic District (Woonsocket, Rhode Island), listed on the NRHP in Rhode Island

North End Historic District (Newport News, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Virginia

North End Historic District (Westerly, Rhode Island)
The North End Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in northwestern Westerly, Rhode Island.  The area traces the industrial development of Westerly, with proximity to both its central business district as well as water-based textile mills, and stone quarries further inland.  Most of the district's architecture was built between 1832 and 1955.  The district is bounded on the east by High Street; on the south by properties on Friendship, West, Pleasant Streets, Marriott Avenue and Industrial Drive; on the west by properties on Pleasant, Canal, Pierce and Pond Streets; and on the north by properties on Pond, Pierce, Pearl, and High Streets, and Turano Avenue.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 2006.
True Confessions Tour
The True Confessions Tour was a concert tour by Bob Dylan and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.

A concert video, Hard to Handle, filmed in Sydney, Australia on February 24 and 25 was directed by Gillian Armstrong. The HBO Special was released on Virgin Music VHS in 1986 and CBS/Fox Video laserdisc in 1988.

Virgin Music
Virgin Music, known as Virgin Music Label & Artist Services until 2022 and originally as Caroline Distribution, was a music distributor of independent artists and record labels. Virgin Music operates as a subsidiary of Virgin Music Group, and is owned by Universal Music Group. The company focuses on the distribution of new or emerging partners.  Virgin Music has its operation in United States, with its flagship operating in Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and across Latin America.
Backbone (Chase & Status and Stormzy song)
"Backbone" is a song by British electronic music duo Chase & Status and rapper Stormzy. It was released on 8 August 2024 through EMI Records. After having been performed several times in the months leading up to the release, the song marks the first time the two acts have collaborated on record. "Backbone" entered at the top of the UK Singles Chart. Outside the United Kingdom, "Backbone" peaked within the top 10 of the charts of New Zealand. It also peaked at number 11 in Malaysia on 31 August 2024.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
Markus Feldmann
Markus Feldmann (21 May 1897, in Thun, Canton of Bern – 3 November 1958, in Bern) was a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Federal Council (1951–1958).

He was elected to the Federal Council on 13 December 1951 and died in office on 3 November 1958. He was affiliated to the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB/PAI), now the Swiss People's Party.

During his office time he held the Department of Justice and Police and was President of the Confederation in 1956.

Feldmann coordinated Switzerland's response to the influx of refugees fleeing the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.

Feldmann is buried in the Schosshalden cemetery in Bern.

Federal Department of Justice and Police
The Federal Department of Justice and Police (FDJP; German: Eidgenössisches Justiz- und Polizeidepartement; French: Département fédéral de justice et police; Italian: Dipartimento federale di giustizia e polizia; Romansh: Departament federal da giustia e poliziaⓘ) is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government, and is equivalent to a ministry of justice in other countries. As of 2024, it is headed by Federal Councillor Beat Jans. Until 1979, the department was known as the Department of Justice and Police.
USS Sacramento (AOE-1)
USS Sacramento (AOE-1) was the third ship in the United States Navy to bear the name, for both the river, and the capital city of California. She was the lead ship of her class of fast combat support ship.

She combined the functions of three logistics ships in one hull; fleet oiler (AO), ammunition ship (AE), and refrigerated stores ship (AFS).

Admiral Arleigh Burke originated the concept of a single supply ship system. He saw the design as an answer to logistics problems he encountered during World War II. The limited speed, range, and payload of early underway replenishment (UnRep) groups prevented resupply due to bad weather and tactical demands of the war. To counter these problems, the Fast Combat Support Ship (AOE) was designed.

Ammunition ship
An ammunition ship is an auxiliary ship specially configured to carry ammunition, usually for naval ships and aircraft. An ammunition ship's cargo handling systems, designed with extreme safety in mind, include ammunition hoists with airlocks between decks, and mechanisms for flooding entire compartments with sea water in case of emergencies. Ammunition ships most often deliver their cargo to other ships using underway replenishment, using both connected replenishment and vertical replenishment. To a lesser extent, they transport ammunition from one shore-based weapons station to another.