hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perez v. Sharp
Perez v. Sharp, also known as Perez v. Lippold or Perez v. Moroney, is a 1948 case decided by the Supreme Court of California in which the court held by a 4–3 majority that the state's ban on interracial marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

The three justice plurality decision was authored by Associate Justice Roger J. Traynor who would later serve as the Court's Chief Justice. Justice Douglas L. Edmonds wrote his own concurrence of the judgment, leading to a four-justice majority in favor of striking down the law. The dissent was written by Associate Justice John W. Shenk, the second longest-serving member in the Court's history and a notable judicial conservative. The opinion was the first of any state to permanently strike down an anti-miscegenation law in the United States.

Interracial marriage
Interracial marriage is a marriage involving spouses who belong to different "races" or racialized ethnicities.

In the past, such marriages were outlawed in certain U.S. states, Nazi Germany and apartheid-era South Africa as miscegenation (Latin: 'mixing types') — a term which first appeared in Miscegenation: The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White Man and Negro, a hoax anti-abolitionist pamphlet published in 1864. Even in 1960, interracial marriage was forbidden by law in 31 U.S. states.

It became legal throughout the United States in 1967, following the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States under Chief Justice Earl Warren in the case Loving v. Virginia, which ruled that race-based restrictions on marriages, such as the anti-miscegenation law in the state of Virginia, violated the Equal Protection Clause (adopted in 1868) of the United States Constitution.
John Carlisle Kilgo
John Carlisle Kilgo (July 22, 1861 – August 11, 1922) served as a bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS) from 1910 to 1922. From 1894 to 1910, Kilgo was the president of Trinity College, in Durham, North Carolina, the predecessor of Duke University. Earlier, Kilgo was a circuit preacher in South Carolina and a financial agent of Wofford College.

Trinity College of Arts and Sciences
The Trinity College of Arts and Sciences is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Duke University. Founded in 1838, it is the original school of the university. Currently, Trinity is one of five undergraduate degree programs at Duke, the others being the Edmund T. Pratt School of Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, School of Nursing, and Duke Kunshan University.

At Duke, Arts & Sciences is the collective name of all educational programs, research programs, and faculty in the humanities, social sciences, and the natural sciences at Duke, inclusive of undergraduate programs and many degree programs in Duke's Graduate School.

The division's unusual dual name may reflect the fact that it is responsible for undergraduate education (through Trinity College) and graduate education and research (Arts and Sciences).
Takakoshi Castle
Takakoshi Castle (高越城, Takakoshi-jō) also well known as Takakoshi-yama Castle is the remains of a castle structure in Ibara, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The castle was built in the Nanboku-chō period against a possible invasion of Kublai Khan's force.

It has been said that Hōjō Sōun was born in the castle and he lived in the castle until he started serving the Ashikaga Shogunate. After the fall of the Ise clan, Takakoshi castle was controlled by the Mōri clan.

Ibara
Ibara (井原市, Ibara-shi) is a city located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 37,835 in 16,677 households and a population density of 160 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 243.54 square kilometres (94.03 sq mi).
Everett Station
Everett Station is a train station serving the city of Everett, Washington, United States. The station has been served by Cascades and Empire Builder since opening in 2002, replacing an earlier station near the Port of Everett. The four-story building also houses social service programs and is the center of a 10-acre (4 ha) complex that includes parking lots and a large bus station used primarily by Community Transit, Everett Transit, and Sound Transit Express. The station has served as the northern terminus of the Sounder N Line since 2003 and the Swift Blue Line since 2009. It consists of two side platforms, one serving Amtrak and the other serving Sounder commuter trains. Everett Station also functions as a park and ride, with 1,067 short-term parking spaces located in lots around the station after it was expanded by Sound Transit in 2009.

ZGF Architects
ZGF Architects LLP (ZGF), formerly Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership, is an American architectural firm based in Portland, Oregon. It was founded in 1942 and has seven offices in the United States and Canada.
Agateware
Agateware is pottery decorated with a combination of contrasting colored clays.

The name agateware is derived from the agate stone, which when sliced shows multicolored layers. This pottery technique allows for both precise and thought out patterns, and free random effects.

Agate
Agate (/ˈæɡɪt/ AG-it) is a variously translucent, banded variety of chalcedony. Agate stones are characterized by alternating bands of different colored chalcedony and may also include visible quartz crystals. They are common in nature and can be found globally in a large number of different varieties. There are some varieties of chalcedony without bands that are commonly called agate (moss agate, fire agate, etc.); however, these are not true agates. Moreover, not every banded chalcedony is an agate; for example, banded chert forms via different processes and is opaque. Agates primarily form as nodules within volcanic rock, but they can also form in veins or silicified fossils. Agate has been popular as a gemstone in jewelry for thousands of years, and today it is also popular as a collector's stone. Some duller agates sold commercially are artificially treated to enhance their color.
Andorra MoraBanc Clàssica
The Andorra MoraBanc Clàssica is a one-day road cycling race held annually in Andorra. It is categorized as a 1.1 race as part of the UCI Europe Tour.

The first edition was held in 2025, won by Danish rider Mattias Skjelmose in a small group sprint.

UCI race classifications
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world's governing body in the sport of bicycle racing, classifies races according to a rating scale.

The rating is represented by a code made of two or three parts and indicates both the type or style of race (the first part), and its importance or difficulty (the second and third parts, lower being harder). The first part can be an integer or an abbreviation, and the second part, when present, are usually integers. Both parts are separated by a period or decimal point (.).

A higher rated race will result in the successful riders receiving more world ranking points.
Christine Haiden
Christine Haiden (born 2 March 1962, in Euratsfeld, Lower Austria) is an Austrian journalist since the 1980s. In 1993 she became editor-in-chief of the magazine Welt der Frauen and is well known as a columnist for the Oberösterreichische Nachrichten.

Christine studied law at Johannes Kepler University in Linz. She was named manager of the year in 2008 in Upper Austria and received the Eduard Ploier Journalism Prize in 2013. Christine Haiden is the author of several books and is currently working on two new publications. She is also a valued presenter. Since 2007 she has also been president of the Upper Austrian Press Club.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
2003–04 NHL transactions
The following is a list of all team-to-team transactions that have occurred in the National Hockey League during the 2003–04 NHL season.  It lists what team each player has been traded to, or claimed by, and for which players or draft picks, if applicable.

2003–04 NHL season
The 2003–04 NHL season was the 87th regular season of the National Hockey League. The Stanley Cup champions were the Tampa Bay Lightning, who won the best of seven series four games to three against the Calgary Flames.

For the fourth time in eight years, the all-time record for total shutouts in a season was shattered, as 192 shutouts were recorded. The 2003–04 regular season was also the first one (excluding the lockout-shortened 1994–95 season) since 1967–68 in which there was neither a 50-goal scorer, nor a 100-point scorer. It was also the final NHL season before the 2004–05 NHL lockout with games resuming in the fall of 2005 as part of the 2005–06 season, and the final season in which games could end in ties.
Sinsk Formation
The Sinsk Formation is a geologic formation in Central Siberia, Russia, exposed along the Lena River. It preserves fossils dating back to the Botomian stage of the Cambrian (corresponding to Cambrian Series 2). It notably contained the Sinsk Algal Lens, a Lagerstätte which preserved some soft-bodied animals that would not typically be preserved as fossils. However, the Sinsk Algal Lens has largely been destroyed by commercial fossil collectors.

Lena River
The Lena is a river in the Russian Far East and is the easternmost river of the three great rivers of Siberia which flow into the Arctic Ocean, the others being Ob and Yenisey. The Lena River is 4,294 km (2,668 mi) long and has a capacious drainage basin of 2,490,000 km2 (960,000 mi2); thus the Lena is the eleventh-longest river in the world and the longest river entirely within Russia. Geographically, permafrost underlies all the Lena River's catchment and it is continuous in over 75 percent of the basin.
Cape Agulhas Lighthouse
The Cape Agulhas Lighthouse is at Cape Agulhas, the southernmost tip of Africa. At 171 years old, it is the third-built lighthouse in South Africa, and the second-oldest still operating, after Green Point. It is located on the southern edge of the village of L'Agulhas, in the Agulhas National Park; the light is operated by Transnet National Ports Authority. In 2016, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) identified the lighthouse as a deserving prominent historic engineering project and International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.

Transnet National Ports Authority
Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA) is a government corporation of South Africa and a subsidiary of Transnet, responsible for managing and governing eight of South Africa's major seaports.

TNPA is a landlord authority responsible for the master planning, controlling of port navigations, controlling of port services & facilities and marketing of the port. Another division of Transnet, Transnet Port Terminals (SAPO), is responsible for terminal operations and cargo handling.

TNPA's main offices are located at Braamfontein; a suburb of Johannesburg, in Gauteng.
Beckman–Quarles theorem
In geometry, the Beckman–Quarles theorem states that if a transformation of the Euclidean plane or a higher-dimensional Euclidean space preserves unit distances, then it preserves all Euclidean distances. Equivalently, every homomorphism from the unit distance graph of the plane to itself must be an isometry of the plane. The theorem is named after Frank S. Beckman and Donald A. Quarles Jr., who published this result in 1953; it was later rediscovered by other authors and re-proved in multiple ways. Analogous theorems for rational subsets of Euclidean spaces, or for non-Euclidean geometry, are also known.

Non-Euclidean geometry
In mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those that specify Euclidean geometry. As Euclidean geometry lies at the intersection of metric geometry and affine geometry, non-Euclidean geometry arises by either replacing the parallel postulate with an alternative, or consideration of quadratic forms other than the definite quadratic forms associated with metric geometry. In the former case, one obtains hyperbolic geometry and elliptic geometry, the traditional non-Euclidean geometries. When isotropic quadratic forms are admitted, then there are affine planes associated with the planar algebras, which give rise to kinematic geometries that have also been called non-Euclidean geometry.
Bill Park
Bill Park (born 1952), is a Canadian swimming coach and former international swimmer. Since his competitive career in the 1960s and 1970s, Park has coached several Olympic, and Paralympic athletes including, Alex Baumann, Jessica Tuomela, Jenna Skieneh, and several other world-renowned athletes.

Par, has taken Olympic and Paralympic athletes since the 1984 Summer Olympics, in Los Angeles. Bill also coached for the Greater Trail Swim Club in Trail, British Columbia.

Trail, British Columbia
Trail is a city in the western Kootenays region of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It was named after the Dewdney Trail, which passed through the area. The town was first called Trail Creek or Trail Creek Landing, and the name was shortened to Trail in 1897.
Samsun Atatürk Museum
Samsun Atatürk Museum (Turkish: Samsun Atatürk Müzesi) is a former history museum in Samsun, northern Turkey dedicated to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

The museum is situated inside the old fair ground, and was opened to public as the "19 May Gallery" on July 1, 1968. It exhibits 114 items belonging to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), the founder of modern Turkey, who set foot in Samsun on May 19, 1919 to start the Turkish War of Independence.

Samsun
Samsun is a city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of 1,382,376. The city is home to Ondokuz Mayıs University, several hospitals, three large shopping malls, Samsunspor football club, an opera house and a large and modern manufacturing district. The city is best known as the place where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk began the Turkish War of Independence in 1919.
2010 Beijing International Challenge
The 2010 Beijing International Challenge (also known as the 2010 BTV Cup) was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 19 and 25 July 2010 at the Beijing University Students' Gymnasium in Beijing, China.

Tian Pengfei won the title by defeating Ryan Day 9–3 in the final.

Ryan Day (snooker player)
Ryan Day (born 23 March 1980) is a Welsh professional snooker player. He is a prolific break-builder, having compiled over 450 century breaks during his career, including four maximum breaks. He is a three-time World Championship quarter-finalist, has been ranked at no. 6 in the world and has won four ranking tournaments.
Thomas Blake (MP)
Thomas Blake (9 November 1825 – 31 March 1901) was an English Liberal politician.

Blake was the youngest son of William Blake, of Ross on Wye. He was chairman of the Ross School Board, to which he was elected four times.

Blake stood for parliament unsuccessfully in Herefordshire at the 1868. He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Leominster at a by-election in February 1876, and held the seat until his defeat in 1880. He was elected on 4 December 1885 at the  general election as MP for the new Forest of Dean constituency, and was re-elected on 2 July 1886, but resigned from the House of Commons on 15 July 1887.
He was replaced at a by-election the same month by another Liberal G B Samuelson, and appears to have not stood again.  Blake died at the age of 75.

Blake married firstly Susan Ellen Gordon in 1844. He married secondly Anne Kay in 1874.

Herefordshire (UK Parliament constituency)
The county constituency of Herefordshire, in the West Midlands of England bordering on Wales, was abolished when the county was divided for parliamentary purposes in 1885. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885.

The undivided county was represented from 1290 by two Knights of the Shire until 1832 and three thereafter. After the county was split two new county constituencies were created, the North division or Leominster and the South division or Ross.
Borovsky District
Borovsky District (Russian: Боровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 759.6 square kilometers (293.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Borovsk.  Population: 76,097 (2021 Census); 61,401 (2010 Census); 54,661 (2002 Census); 53,698 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Borovsk accounts for 16.6% of the district's total population.

Kaluga Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: Калу́жская о́бласть, romanized: Kaluzhskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904.
Marshall Bay
Marshall Bay (60°39′S 45°38′W﻿ / ﻿60.650°S 45.633°W﻿ / -60.650; -45.633) is a bay 2 nautical miles (4 km), lying between Cape Vik and Cape Hansen on the south side of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. It was roughly charted in 1912–13 by Petter Sørlle, a Norwegian whaling captain. The bay was recharted in 1933 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II, who gave the name for surgeon Dr. E.H. Marshall, a member of the Marine Executive Staff of the Discovery Committee.

Discovery Investigations
The Discovery Investigations were a series of scientific cruises and shore-based investigations into the biology of whales in the Southern Ocean. They were funded by the British Colonial Office and organised by the Discovery Committee in London, which was formed in 1918. They were intended to provide the scientific background to stock management of the commercial Antarctic whale fishery.

Discovery Investigations contributed greatly to knowledge of the whales, the krill they fed on and their habitat's oceanography, while charting the local topography, including Atherton Peak. They continued until 1951, with the final report published in 1980.

Collected specimens are in the Discovery Collections.
James Dwyer (politician)
James Dwyer (1881 – 17 December 1932) was an Irish politician and farmer. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Leix–Offaly constituency at the Leix–Offaly by-election on 18 February 1926 caused by the disqualification of Seán McGuinness of Sinn Féin. He was re-elected at the June 1927 and September 1927 general elections but lost his seat at the 1932 general election.

Cumann na nGaedheal
Cumann na nGaedheal (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkʊmˠən̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈŋeːl̪ˠ]; lit. 'Society of the Gaels') was a political party in the Irish Free State, which formed the government from 1923 to 1932. It was named after the original Cumann na nGaedheal organisation which merged with the Dungannon Clubs and the National Council to form Sinn Féin in 1905. In 1933 it merged with smaller groups to form the Fine Gael party.
Flávio Ataúlfo de Coimbra
Flávio Ataúlfo de Coimbra (c.710 - c.740) was a Knight of Visigothic origin, 2nd Count of Coimbra and ruler or the Christians on Coimbra territory.

The first Muslim campaigns that occupied the Iberian Peninsula occurred between 711 and 715, with Coimbra capitulating to Musa bin Nusair in 714.

Coimbra, like many other cities in early Al-Andalus, had a significant Christian population (known as Mozarabs), who were allowed to maintain their faith in exchange for paying the jizya (a tax levied on non-Muslims). The use of "count" (comes) in his title, a remnant of Visigothic nobility, reflects the continuation of older Roman and Gothic administrative traditions in the city.

Musa ibn Nusayr
Musa ibn Nusayr (Arabic: موسى بن نصير Mūsá bin Nuṣayr; c. 640 – c. 716) was a general and governor who served under the Umayyad caliphs Abd al-Malik and Al-Walid I. He ruled over the Muslim province of Ifriqiya, and directed the Islamic conquest of the Maghreb as well as the Visigothic Kingdom that controlled the Iberian Peninsula and part of what is now southern France (Septimania).
Yamaha Portasound
Yamaha Portasound electronic musical keyboards were produced by the Yamaha Corporation during the 1980s and 1990s. The name suggests the instruments' portability, with battery operation being a consistent feature across the line. Many of these keyboards were designed for children with small keys and simple preset functions suitable for educational use. In 1982, the line introduced a card reader system which allowed players to learn and play along with sequenced songs. The PSS line features mini keys and the PSR line features full size keys. Some of the higher-end keyboards have advanced features like programmable synthesizer controls, midi capability, and sampler functions.

Yamaha Corporation
Yamaha Corporation (ヤマハ株式会社, Yamaha Kabushiki gaisha; /ˈjɑːməhɑː/; Japanese pronunciation: [jamaha]) is a Japanese multinational musical instrument and audio equipment manufacturer.

It is one of the constituents of Nikkei 225 and is the world's largest musical instrument manufacturing company.

The former motorcycle division was established in 1955 as Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd., which started as an affiliated company but has been spun-off as its own independent company.
Sibiryak (rural locality)
Sibiryak (Russian: Сибиря́к) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Sibiryak, Irkutsk Oblast, a settlement in Tulunsky District of Irkutsk Oblast

Sibiryak, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a settlement in Uspensky Selsoviet of Rybinsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Sibiryak, Bolotninsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Bolotninsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast

Sibiryak, Cherepanovsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Cherepanovsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast

Sibiryak, Tatarsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Tatarsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast

Sibiryak, Tyumen Oblast, a settlement in Priirtyshsky Rural Okrug of Tobolsky District of Tyumen Oblast

Cherepanovsky District
Cherepanovsky District (Russian: Черепа́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,908 square kilometers (1,123 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Cherepanovo. Population: 47,842 (2010 Census);  50,959 (2002 Census); 53,418 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Cherepanovo accounts for 41.4% of the district's total population.
Ojulari
Ojulari listenⓘis a Nigerian surname of Yoruba origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Azeez Ojulari (born 2000), American football player

BJ Ojulari (born 2002), American football player

Idewu Ojulari (died c. 1835), Lagos ruler

Azeez Ojulari
Azeez O. Ojularilistenⓘ (born June 16, 2000) is an American professional football linebacker for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs and was selected by the Giants in the second round of the 2021 NFL draft.