hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Federal Ministry of Water Resources (Nigeria)
The Federal Ministry of Water Resources is a federal ministry in Nigeria that is responsible for the management of water supply, irrigation, freshwater, and aquaculture. The ministry was established in 1976 to oversee the eleven river basin development authorities in Nigeria.

River Basin Authorities in Nigeria
River Basin Development Authorities in Nigeria are government agencies involved in the management of water resources for agriculture and other uses. Each authority operates in an assigned geo-morphological and political boundary and work to improve agriculture and rural development through irrigation, control of river pollution and also to assist farmers in processing food crops.

River basin authorities operations have been influenced by Nigeria's economic and political changes, ten years after they were established their impact has been minimal.
Rupert station
Rupert is an elevated station on the Millennium Line of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is located on Rupert Street in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Nearby businesses include the BC Liquor Distribution Branch and the Vancouver Film Studios. Falaise Park is also located just south of Rupert station.

Millennium Line
The Millennium Line is the second line of the SkyTrain rapid transit system in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. The line is owned and operated by BC Rapid Transit Company, a subsidiary of TransLink, and links the cities of Vancouver, Burnaby, Coquitlam and Port Moody. The line was opened in 2002 and was named in recognition of the new millennium.
National Credit Union Foundation
The National Credit Union Foundation (the Foundation) is the charitable arm of America's credit union movement and works as a catalyst to improve people's financial lives through credit unions. The Foundation is an affiliate of the Credit Union National Association (CUNA) and is located in CUNA's offices in Madison, Wisconsin, as well as in Washington, DC. In 2015, the Foundation unveiled a new logo, shorthand ("the Foundation" in place of "NCUF") and website.

The Foundation is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt charitable organization governed by a volunteer Board of Directors composed of executives from the credit union movement as well as an at-large representative.

Through grants and programs, the Foundation is working to strengthen financial well-being via Biz Kid$ and other programs, instilling knowledge about the credit union difference through the DE Program and other mechanisms, and uniting resources to help credit union people during disaster via CUAid.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Hemanta Kumar Sarkar
Hemanta Kumar Sarkar (1897 – 3 November 1952) was an Indian philologist, author, biographer, editor, publisher, union leader, leader of the Indian freedom movement and an associate of Subhas Chandra Bose. He was a close friend and the first biographer of Subhas Chandra Bose, the co-founder of Labour Swaraj Party in Bengal along with Muzaffar Ahmed and Kazi Nazrul Islam and led the movement for the Partition of Bengal and formation of Bengali Hindu homeland in 1947.

Chittaranjan Das
Chittaranjan Das (5 November 1870 – 16 June 1925), popularly called Deshbandhu (friend of the country), was a Bengali freedom fighter, political activist and lawyer during the Indian Independence Movement and mentor of Subhas Chandra Bose. He was the founder-leader of the Swaraj Party in undivided Bengal during the period of British Colonial rule in India. His name is abbreviated as C. R. Das.
He was closely associated with a number of literary societies and wrote poems, apart from numerous articles and essays.
Walter Barbare
Walter Lawrence Barbare (August 11, 1891 – October 28, 1965) was an American professional baseball infielder who played in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Boston Braves.

In an eight-season career, Barbare was a .260 hitter with one home run and 156 RBI in 500 games played.

A solid infielder with a strong arm and a light bat, Barbare was a utility man with the Indians, Red Sox and Pirates in a span of six seasons. In 1921 he was sent to the Braves in the same trade that brought star shortstop Rabbit Maranville to Pittsburgh, and he responded with a career year, hitting .302 in 134 games.

Following his retirement as a player, Barbare served as a manager and umpire in the minor leagues.

Utility player
In sports, a utility player is one who can play several positions competently. Sports in which the term is often used include association football, basketball, rugby, baseball, softball, ice hockey, and water polo.

The term has gained prominence in all sports due to its use in fantasy leagues, but in rugby union and rugby league, it is commonly used by commentators to recognize a player's versatility.

The use of this term to describe a player may in some circumstances be a backhanded compliment, as it suggests the player is not good enough to be considered a specialist in one position (i.e., a jack of all trades).
Temmes
Temmes is a former municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia in central western Finland. In 2000, the area had a population of 700. It is the birthplace of the renowned Finnish folklorist and poet Martti Haavio. Since 2001, most parts of the area have been part of the municipality of Tyrnävä. Separate enclaves were merged to Liminka, Lumijoki and Rantsila. Villages in the area include Haapakylä, Haurukylä, Kärsämä, Temmes and Ylipää.

Liminka
Liminka (Swedish: Limingo) is a municipality in the Northern Ostrobothnia region in Finland. Liminka is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Oulu.

The municipality has a population of 10,166 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 651.71 square kilometres (251.63 sq mi) of which 14.54 km2 (5.61 sq mi) is water. The population density is 15.95 inhabitants per square kilometre (41.3/sq mi). The neighbouring municipalities are Kempele, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulunsalo, Siikajoki, Siikalatva, Tyrnävä and Vaala.

The Liminganlahti Bay is a notable bird sanctuary.
Bostobe Formation
The Bostobe Formation (Kazakh: Boztóbe svıtasy) is a geological formation in Qaraghandy & Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (Santonian to early Campanian stages, approximately 85 Ma).

The sandstones and claystones of the formation were deposited in estuarine, fluvial-lacustrine and fluvial-deltaic environments.

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The formation is about 45 metres (148 ft) thick and consists primarily of clay with interbeds of sand, representing an estuarine environment.

Depositional environment
In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record. In most cases, the environments associated with particular rock types or associations of rock types can be matched to existing analogues. However, the further back in geological time sediments were deposited, the more likely that direct modern analogues are not available (e.g. banded iron formations).
Vorony Sumy
Vorony Sumy (Ukrainian: Ворони Суми) is a semi-professional ice hockey team in Sumy, Ukraine. The club was founded in 2002 as Sums’ki Vorony Sumy, and played in the Ukrainian Hockey League in the 2010/2011 season.

Ukrainian Hockey League
The Ukrainian Hockey League was the name of the highest ice hockey league in Ukraine since the 2016–17 season, playing for the Ukrainian Hockey Championship. The league was created in June 2016 and folded in 2021.
Luis Rodolfo Enríquez Martínez
Luis Rodolfo Enríquez Martínez (born 23 June 1970) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN).
In the 2006 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Baja California's 6th district during the 60th session of Congress.

6th federal electoral district of Baja California
The 6th federal electoral district of Baja California (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 06 de Baja California) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of nine such districts in the state of Baja California.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

The 6th district was created by the 1977 electoral reforms and was first contested in the 1979 mid-term election. 
The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Gilberto Herrera Solórzano of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Suspension plasma spray
In materials engineering, suspension plasma spray (SPS) is a form of plasma spraying where the ceramic feedstock is dispersed in a liquid suspension before being injected into the plasma jet.

By suspending powder in a fluid, normal feeding problems are circumvented, allowing the deposition of finer microstructures through the use of finer powders.

Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually settle, although the mixture is only classified as a suspension when and while the particles have not settled out.
Jean-Louis Descloux
Jean-Louis Descloux (born 3 November 1937) is a Swiss sprinter. He is best known for winning a bronze medal at the 1962 European Athletics Championships.

He won a bronze medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1962 European Championships, running together with Bruno Galliker, Marius Theiler and Hansruedi Bruder. Descloux also competed in the 100 and 200 metres without reaching the final.

At the 1964 Summer Olympics he competed in the 200 metres and the 4 × 400 metres relay without reaching the final. He also competed in the 400 metres at the 1966 European Indoor Games without reaching the final.

His personal best times were 21.2 seconds in the 200 metres (1962) and 47.2 seconds in the 400 metres (1964).

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres
The men's 200 metres was the second-shortest of the men's track races in the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo. 63 athletes from 48 nations entered, with 6 not starting in the first round. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The first two rounds were held on 16 October, with the semifinals and the final on 17 October. The event was won by 0.2 seconds by Henry Carr of the United States, the nation's 11th victory in the event. Fellow American Paul Drayton took silver; it was the fifth time in six Games that the United States had the top two finishers. Edwin Roberts gave Trinidad and Tobago its first medal in the men's 200 metres with his bronze.
Willis (cyclecar)
Willis was a British automobile marque that began and ended in 1913. It was manufactured by Finchley Place Garage in London.

The only model was a cyclecar. The car had a V-twin engine from JA Prestwich Industries delivering 8 bhp (6.0 kW).

V-twin engine
A V-twin engine, also called a V2 engine, is a two-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders are arranged in a V configuration and share a common crankshaft.

The V-twin is widely associated with motorcycles, primarily installed transversely, though also longitudinally. They are also used in a variety of other land, air, and marine vehicles, as well as industrial applications. The V-twin design dates back to the late 1880s.
NUTS statistical regions of the Czech Republic
The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of the Czech Republic for statistical purposes. The standard is developed and regulated by the European Union. The NUTS standard is instrumental in delivering the European Union's Structural Funds. The NUTS code for the Czech Republic is CZ and a hierarchy of three levels is established by Eurostat. Below these is a further levels of geographic organisation - the local administrative unit (LAU). In the Czech Republic, the LAU 1 is  districts and the LAU 2 is municipalities.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Larry G. Epstein
Larry G. Epstein is a Canadian economist who is currently Professor of Economics at McGill University. He is a Fellow of the Canadian Economics Association and Econometric Society. He was also Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada before moving to the United States.

Journal of Economic Theory
The Journal of Economic Theory is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of economic theory. Karl Shell has served as editor-in-chief of the journal since it was established in 1968. Since 2000, he has shared the editorship with Jess Benhabib, Alessandro Lizzeri, Christian Hellwig, and more recently with Alessandro Pavan, Ricardo Lagos, Marciano Siniscalchi, and Xavier Vives. The journal is published by Elsevier. In 2020, Tilman Börgers was chief editor of the journal.
East Stack
East Stack (67°5′S 58°12′E﻿ / ﻿67.083°S 58.200°E﻿ / -67.083; 58.200) is a coastal rock outcrop which rises to 60 metres (200 ft) on the east side of Hoseason Glacier, 16 nautical miles (30 km) southeast of Edward VIII Bay in Antarctica. It was discovered in February 1936 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the William Scoresby, and probably so named by them for its distinctive appearance and association with nearby West Stack.

Edward VIII Bay
Edward VIII Bay is a bay about 32 kilometres (20 mi) in extent, located between Edward VIII Plateau (a dome-shaped, ice-covered peninsula near Magnet Bay) and the Øygarden Group of islands in Antarctica. The head of the bay is occupied by the Edward VIII Ice Shelf. The bay was discovered in 1936 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the RRS William Scoresby, and named for Edward VIII, then King of the United Kingdom.

Kvarsnes Foreland is a prominent, rocky foreland projecting into the south side of Edward VIII Bay close west of the Øygarden Group. Kvarsnes Bay is a small bay at the southwest side of Kvarsnes Foreland, and is named in association with it. Rund Bay ("Round Bay") is a small bay indenting the south shore of Edward VIII Bay immediately east of Kvarsnes Foreland. These features were mapped and named by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37.
Carbacanthographis halei
Carbacanthographis halei is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in insular Malaysia, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Shirley Cunha Feuerstein and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from a lowland oak-dipterocarp forest in Bako National Park (Sarawak). The specific epithet honours American lichenologist Mason Hale, who collected the type in 1965.

The lichen has an olive-yellow thallus with a distinct cortex and an indistinct prothallus. Its ascospores are hyaline, measuring 5–35 by 7–8 μm with between 9 and 13 transverse septa. Carbacanthographis halei contains stictic acid and norstictic acid, which are lichen products that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography.

Cortex (botany)
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly thickened cell walls, and are called collenchyma cells.
Kyle Connell
Kyle Connell (born 2 August 2001) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Scottish League Two club Clyde. He has also played for Cove Rangers and Kilmarnock, and on loan for Airdrieonians, East Fife,  Raith Rovers and East Kilbride.

Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.
Gail Mabo
Gail Mabo (born 1965) is a Torres Strait Islander visual artist who has had her work exhibited across Australia. She is the daughter of land rights campaigner Eddie Mabo and educator and activist Bonita Mabo. She was formerly a dancer and choreographer.

James Cook University
James Cook University (JCU) is a public university in North Queensland, Australia. The second oldest university in Queensland, JCU is a teaching and research institution. The university's main campuses are located in the tropical cities of Cairns and Townsville, and one in the city state of Singapore. JCU also has study centres in Mount Isa, Mackay, Thursday Island and Rockhampton. A Brisbane campus delivers undergraduate and postgraduate courses to international students. The university's main fields of research include environmental sciences, biological sciences, mathematical sciences, earth sciences, agricultural and veterinary sciences, technology and medical and health sciences.
Abdul Aziz (wrestler)
Abdul Aziz (born 15 April 1935) is a Pakistani wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle flyweight at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He defeated the wrestler from Australia but lost to competitors from Korea and Turkey.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
1944 (film)
1944 is a 2015 Estonian war drama film directed by Elmo Nüganen. The film first premiered in February 2015 in Berlin, Germany, before its release in Estonia and other northern European countries. It was selected as the Estonian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.

As the Soviet Union advances to recapture Estonia from its German occupiers, with huge losses on both sides, the film explores the mental conflicts of young Estonians who end up meeting on the battlefield to fight against each other. Some have volunteered or been conscripted into the German military, most with little commitment to the Nazi regime. Others have volunteered or been conscripted into the Soviet forces, again with little commitment to the Communist regime. Whichever side wins will regard the Estonians on the opposing side as traitors, liable to execution or deportation. Neither side offers the Estonians autonomy from foreign control.

Baltic offensive
The Baltic offensive, also known as the Baltic strategic offensive, was the military campaign between the northern Fronts of the Red Army and the German Army Group North in the Baltic States during the autumn of 1944. The result of the series of battles was the isolation and encirclement of the Army Group North in the Courland Pocket and Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic States. In Soviet propaganda, this offensive was listed as one of Stalin's ten blows.
Monte Muambe
Monte Muambe is an inactive volcano located east of Moatize in the Tete Province of  Mozambique.
The volcano is 780 meters high, has a 6 km external diameter with a caldera some 200m deep. The caldera is largely composed of carbonatites, rich in both blue and yellow fluorite.  The Zambezi Valley Spatial Development Initiative estimates Monte Muambe has reserves of 1.1 trillion tonnes of the mineral in a pure form.

Tete Province
Tete is a province of Mozambique, located in the northwest of the country. It has an area of 98,417 km2 and a population of 2,648,941 (2017 census).

Tete is the capital of the province. The Cahora Bassa Dam is situated in this province.
Hitler: A Film from Germany
Hitler: A Film from Germany (German: Hitler, ein Film aus Deutschland), called Our Hitler in the US, is a 1977 film written, directed and narrated by Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, and produced by Bernd Eichinger. A co-production by West Germany, France and the United Kingdom, the film stars Heinz Schubert in a dual role, as Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler. Along with Syberberg's characteristic and unusual motifs and style, it is notable for its 442-minute running time.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.