hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grays Knob, Kentucky
Grays Knob is an unincorporated community and coal town in Harlan County, Kentucky, United States.

A post office was established in the community in 1916, and named for a local hill. It is located just south of the city of Harlan.

Coal town
A coal town, also known as a coal camp or patch, is a type of company town or mining community established by the employer, a mining company, which imports workers to the site to work the mineral find. The company develops it and provides residences for a population of miners and related workers to reside near the coal mine. The 'town founding' process is not limited to mining, but this type of development typically takes place where mineral wealth is located in a remote or undeveloped area. The company opens the site for exploitation by first, constructing transportation infrastructure to serve it, and later to establish residences for workers. Mineral resources were sometimes found as the result of logging operations that established clear-cut area. Geologists and cartographers could then chart and plot the lands for exploitation.
Brett Leonard
Brett Leonard (born May 14, 1959) is an American film director, producer and music video director specializing in the science fiction and horror genres. A few of his films such as The Lawnmower Man (1992) and Virtuosity (1995) feature groundbreaking computer animation and visual effects. The Lawnmower Man is considered the first, seminal film to feature "virtual reality" as a cautionary tale becoming the number one commercially successful independent film of 1992, budgeted at just under $6 million and eventually earning over $150 million worldwide.

Visual effects
Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated as VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using CGI have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and compositing software.
David Knudsen
David Knudsen (8 August 1875 – 3 July 1952) was a Norwegian actor. He made his stage debut on Den Nationale Scene in 1902, and played for the National Theatre from 1911 to 1940.

He made his film debut in 1925 in Himmeluret, and later participated in several films, including Kampen om tungtvannet from 1948.

He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1945.

Operation Swallow: The Battle for Heavy Water
Operation Swallow: The Battle for Heavy Water (original title: Kampen om tungtvannet, French title: La Bataille de l'eau lourde) is a Norwegian-French film from 1948. The history is based on the best known commando raid in Norway during World War II, where the resistance group Norwegian Independent Company 1 destroyed the heavy water plant at Vemork in Telemark in February 1943.

The film is basically a reconstruction of real events, a docudrama, with many of the participants playing themselves in the film. It was filmed on location in Norway.
Old Westbrook High School
The Old Westbrook High School is a historic school building at 765 Main Street in central Westbrook, Maine.  Built in 1886, it is one of the city's most architecturally sophisticated 19th-century buildings, designed by the Portland firm of Fassett & Tompson.  Now converted to senior housing, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Westbrook, Maine
Westbrook is a city in Cumberland County, Maine, United States and a suburb of Portland. The population was 20,400 at the 2020 census, making it the fastest-growing city in Maine between 2010 and 2020. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.
Re Goldcorp Exchange Limited (in receivership): Kensington v Liggett
Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1994] UKPC 3 is an English trusts law case by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council decided on appeal from the Court of Appeal of New Zealand. It considers when there is sufficient certainty of subject matter to form a trust, and tracing. A company dealing in gold and other precious metals became insolvent and the Bank of New Zealand appointed receivers under a debenture. They in turn asked the High Court for guidance on how to treat the company's customers, and Thorp J refused the claims of most of the customers, leaving three categories to be settled on appeal. The outstanding issue was whether the customers had title to the gold on for them, and thus beneficiaries of a trust, or were merely unsecured creditors resulting from a breach of contract.

Court of Appeal of New Zealand
The Court of Appeal of New Zealand (Māori: Te Kōti Pīra o Aotearoa) is the principal intermediate appellate court of New Zealand. It is also the final appellate court for a number of matters. In practice, most appeals are resolved at this intermediate appellate level, rather than in the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeal has existed as a separate court since 1862 but, until 1957, it was composed of judges of the High Court sitting periodically in panels. In 1957 the Court of Appeal was reconstituted as a permanent court separate from the High Court. It is located in Wellington.
Choi Hong-hi
Choi Hong-hi (Korean: 최홍희; 9 November 1918 – 15 June 2002) was a South Korean Army general, and martial artist who was an important figure in the history of the Korean martial art of Taekwondo, albeit controversial due to his introduction of taekwondo to North Korea.

Choi is regarded by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most often by organizations belonging to the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first international federation for Taekwondo, which he founded. Others, such as World Taekwondo, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a dishonorable figure in taekwondo history because of his defection to North Korea, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history or through explicit statements, due to the aforementioned controversy.

South Korean defectors
After the Korean War, 333 South Korean people detained in North Korea as prisoners of war chose to stay in North Korea. During subsequent decades of the Cold War, some people of South Korean origin defected to North Korea as well. They include Roy Chung, a former U.S. Army soldier who defected to North Korea through East Germany in 1979. Aside from defection, North Korea has been accused of abduction in the disappearances of some South Koreans.

Occasionally, North Koreans who have defected to South Korea decide to return. Since South Korea does not permit its naturalized citizens to travel to the North, they have made their way back to their home country illegally, and thus became "double defectors". From a total of 25,000 North Korean defectors living in South Korea, about 800 are missing, some of whom may have returned to the North. The South Korean Ministry of Unification recognizes only 13 defections officially, as of 2014.
David Chadwick Smith
David Chadwick Smith CM FRSC (August 12, 1931 – May 22, 2000) was a Canadian economist, and the sixteenth Principal of Queen's University from 1984 to 1994.

Smith was born in Ootacamund, British India to Canadian parents who were Baptist missionaries. The family moved back to the Simcoe area of Ontario when he was eight years old. He was educated at McMaster University, Oxford University, and Harvard University and then taught at University of California, Berkeley before coming to Queen's in 1961, joining the Department of Economics.

In 1993, he was made a member of the Order of Canada. He was made a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1976.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Kosmos 393
Kosmos 393 (Russian: Космос 393 meaning Cosmos 393), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.34, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1971 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 325-kilogram (717 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used as a radar calibration target for anti-ballistic missile tests.

KB Pivdenne
The Pivdenne Design Office (Ukrainian: Державне конструкторське бюро «Південне» ім. М. К. Янгеля, abbr. Державне КБП, romanized: Derzhavne konstruktorske biuro "Pivdenne" im. M. K. Yanhelia, abbr. Derzhavne KB Pivdenne, lit. 'State design bureau "Southern", named after M. K. Yangel'), located in Dnipro, Ukraine, is a designer of satellites and rockets, and formerly of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), established by Mikhail Yangel. During the Soviet era, the bureau's OKB designation was OKB-586.

The company is in close co-operation with the PA Pivdenmash multi-product machine-building company, also situated in Dnipro. Pivdenmash is the main manufacturer of the models developed by Pivdenne Design Office.
Acroceras macrum
Acroceras macrum (Nile grass, Nyl grass) is a species of perennial grass. The whole plant grows to 20–70 centimetres (8–27+1⁄2 in) tall. The roots are extended rhizomes and the bright green, lanceolate leaves are typically 8–20 cm long. it produces spiked inflorescences 2–8 cm long. It produces seeds but is usually propagated using cuttings of the rhizomes.

The species is native to Africa grows well in flooded, moist, and humid conditions and does not do well in periods of drought. Thus, it is often found on streamsides, pond margins, and in swampy places; it prefers acidic soils. It is susceptible to leaf spot caused by Phyllosticta and smut caused by Ustilago syntherismae. It has been studied in breeding programs and it has been introduced to Australia and South America for cultivation. It is grown extensively as pasture, silage, and hay. It is palatable and nutritious for animal feed.

Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water.
Stiebel Eltron
Stiebel Eltron is a company based in Holzminden, Germany, that manufactures central heating products such as heat pumps. The UK office was set up on the Wirral Peninsula in 2008.
The company dates back to 1924 in Berlin, when Dr. Theodor Stiebel founded Stiebel Eltron. Today it is a green energy low carbon specialist manufacturing ground, air and water source heat pumps. It further produces ventilation and air conditioning and systems technologies. It has a worldwide turnover of €700 million and employs 4000 staff.

Wirral Peninsula
The Wirral Peninsula (/ˈwɪrəl/), known locally as the Wirral, is a peninsula in North West England. The roughly rectangular peninsula is about 15 miles (24 km) long and 7 miles (11 km) wide, and is bounded by the Dee Estuary to the west, the Mersey Estuary to the east and Liverpool Bay to the north.

Historically, the Wirral was wholly in Cheshire; in the Domesday Book, its border with the rest of the county was placed at "two arrow falls from Chester city walls".  However, since the Local Government Act 1972, only the southern third has been in Cheshire, with almost all the rest lying in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside. An area of saltmarsh and reclaimed land adjoining the south-west of the peninsula lies in the Welsh county of Flintshire.
Betsy Weatherhead
Elizabeth C. Weatherhead, more commonly known as Betsy Weatherhead, is an American climatologist, atmospheric scientist, government official, and professor. She was appointed in 2020 by United States president Donald Trump to head the National Climate Assessment (NCA).

National Climate Assessment
The National Climate Assessment (NCA) is an initiative within the U.S. federal government focused on climate change science, formed under the auspices of the Global Change Research Act of 1990. The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) which coordinates a team of experts and receives input from a Federal Advisory Committee. The first National Climate Assessment was published in 2000. Since four additional reports have been published, with the Fifth report published in 2023.

Work halted in 2025 on the 6th when funding was eliminated during the second Trump Administration. The scientists and experts who had been compiling the report were then dismissed as the scope of the report was being re-evaluated". On June 30, 2025, the government website hosting access to all past National Climate Assessment Reports was taken down. In late 2025, climate.us established a website hosting the 5th National Climate Assessment.
Rob Partridge
Robert Lloyd "Rob" Partridge (born 11 September 1985) is a Welsh former professional cyclist from Wrexham, Wales. He represented Wales in the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Inspired after watching the Tour de France on television, he joined the Wrexham Roads Club at an early age. Partridge rode for the Endura Racing team from 2010 to 2012 and rode for the Rapha Condor–Recycling.co.uk team in 2008 and Team Halfords Bikehut in 2009. He was living with the Under 23 GB Squad in Quarrata, Tuscany until June 2007.

He joined Team UK Youth for 2013. When the team folded at the end of the year he moved to Velosure–Giordana for the 2014 season. After one season Partridge was announced as a member of the NFTO squad for the 2015 season.

NFTO (cycling team)
NFTO Pro Cycling (UCI team code: NPC) were a British UCI Continental cycling team, until October 2016. According to the team's website, 'NFTO' stands for 'Not For The Ordinary'.

Founded in 2014 the team were planning to become a UCI Professional Continental team in 2016. However this change of status did not occur, and in October of that year it was announced that the team's sponsor would cease to support the team, and that the team's manager Tom Barras would set up a successor team with UCI Continental status. In December Barras confirmed that the new team would not race after the squad's prospective sponsor pulled out.
Indiana Wing Civil Air Patrol
The Indiana Wing Civil Air Patrol (abbreviated INWG) is the highest echelon of Civil Air Patrol in the state of Indiana. Its headquarters is located in Terre Haute, Indiana. The Indiana Wing involves 1,354 adult and youth volunteers organized into five group headquarters, a legislative squadron, and twenty-five total subordinate squadrons located throughout the state, including four School Enrichment Programs.  Civil Air Patrol's 2nd largest cadet squadron, the Anderson Preparatory Academy Cadet Squadron (GLR-IN-803), is located in Anderson, Indiana.

Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute (/ˈtɛrə ˈhoʊt/ TERR-ə HOHT) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,389 and its metropolitan area had a population of 168,716.

Located along the Wabash River about 5 miles (8 km) east of the state border with Illinois, Terre Haute is one of the largest cities in the Wabash Valley; it is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. It also contains the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, which houses the US federal death row.
Torch (machine learning)
Torch is an open-source machine learning library, 
a scientific computing framework, and a scripting language based on Lua. It provides LuaJIT interfaces to deep learning algorithms implemented in C. It was created by the Idiap Research Institute at EPFL. Torch development moved in 2017 to PyTorch, a port of the library to Python.

Matrix multiplication
In mathematics, specifically in linear algebra, matrix multiplication is a binary operation that produces a matrix from two matrices. For matrix multiplication, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The resulting matrix, known as the matrix product, has the number of rows of the first and the number of columns of the second matrix. The product of matrices A and B is denoted as AB.

Matrix multiplication was first described by the French mathematician Jacques Philippe Marie Binet in 1812, to represent the composition of linear maps that are represented by matrices. Matrix multiplication is thus a basic tool of linear algebra, and as such has numerous applications in many areas of mathematics, as well as in applied mathematics, statistics, physics, economics, and engineering.
Computing matrix products is a central operation in all computational applications of linear algebra.
Sukkhasoem
Chao Sukkhasoem (also spelled Souka-Seum, Suk Soem or Sukha-Söm; Lao: ເຈົ້າສຸຂະເສີມ; c. 1797–23 September 1850) was the king of Luang Phrabang from 1839 to 1850.

He was the eldest son of Manthaturath. Before his succession he was taken as hostage in Bangkok. After his father's death, he was not allowed to return until 1838. He was crowned the king in 1839.

During his reign, Luang Phrabang put down a rebellion by the Tai Lue of Sipsong Panna. He died on 23 September 1850, succeeded by his younger brother Chantharath.

Tai Lue people
The Tai Lü people (Tai Lue: ᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ, Chinese: 傣仂, Dǎi lè, Lao: ລື້, Lư̄, Thai: ไทลื้อ, RTGS: Thai Lue, Vietnamese: Người Lự) are an ethnic group of China, Laos, Thailand, Burma and Vietnam. They speak a Southwestern Tai language.
Pern Pak Chong F.C.
Pern Pak Chong Football Club (Thai ทีมฟุตบอล สโมสร เพื่อนปากช่อง), is a Thai football club based in Pak Chong District in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The club is currently playing in the Thai Football Division 3.

Pak Chong district
Pak Chong (Thai: ปากช่อง, pronounced [pàːk tɕʰɔ̂ŋ]; Northeastern Thai: ปากช่อง, pronounced [pàːk sɔ̄ŋ]) is the westernmost district (amphoe) of Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand, and the main point of entry into Isan as the main road and rail lines cross the Dong Phaya Yen Mountains into the region. It is a popular tourist destination, especially among weekenders from Bangkok, and is home to many resorts and touristy attractions, in addition to the main entrance into Khao Yai National Park.
Junicode
Junicode ("Junius-Unicode") is a free and open-source (SIL Open Font License) old-style serif typeface developed by Peter S. Baker of the University of Virginia. T‌he design is based on a 17th-century typeface used in Oxford, England.

Junicode contains many special characters and ligatures for medievalists, along with numerous other Unicode glyphs. T‌he font has OpenType features for advanced typesetting and includes true small caps.

Since August 2023, Junicode has been a variable font and remains under active development.

Variable font
A variable font (VF) is a font file that is able to store a continuous range of design variants. An entire typeface (font family) can be stored in such a file, with an infinite number of fonts available to be sampled.

The variable font technology originated in Apple's TrueType GX font variations. The technology was adapted to OpenType as OpenType variable fonts (OTVF) in version 1.8 of the OpenType specification. The technology was announced by Adobe, Apple, Google, and Microsoft in September 2016. Making such a feature standardized in OpenType paved the way for support in many software platforms.

Variable fonts should not be confused with variable-width fonts. A variable font may be either variable-width or fixed-width.
Josie Billie
Josie Billie (12 December 1887 – 26 February 1980) was a Mikasuki-speaking Seminole medicine man, doctor, and Baptist preacher. Billie was a member of the Panther clan of the Seminoles in southern Florida. He actively collaborated with American anthropologists and researchers like Ethel Cutler Freeman, Frances Densmore, Robert Greenlee, Robert Solenberger (on behalf of anthropologist Frank G. Speck) and William Sturtevant. Billie served as a public spokesman for the Florida Seminoles and created recordings of traditional folk songs and information about the traditional Seminole religion. As of 2017, his camp is part of the Tribal Register of Historic Places.

William C. Sturtevant
William Curtis Sturtevant (July 26, 1926 Morristown, New Jersey – March 2, 2007 Rockville, Maryland) was an anthropologist and ethnologist. He is best known as the general editor of the 20-volume Handbook of North American Indians. Renowned anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss described the work as "an absolutely indispensable tool that should be found on the shelves of all libraries, public and private alike."

Sturtevant's career focused on Native American languages and cultures.  He was particularly known for his work on the history and culture of the Florida Seminole. During his career, he served as the president for the American Society for Ethnohistory, the American Ethnological Society, and the American Anthropological Association.
Act Against Slavery
The Act Against Slavery was an anti-slavery law passed on July 9, 1793, in the second legislative session of Upper Canada, the colonial division of British North America that would eventually become Ontario. It banned the importation of slaves and mandated that children born henceforth to female slaves would be freed upon reaching the age of 25.

Archives of Ontario
The Archives of Ontario are the archives for the province of Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1903 as the Bureau of Archives, the archives are now under the responsibility of the Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery and Procurement. The main offices of the archive are located at York University in Toronto.
Burrhead Jones
Melvin Nelson  (1936/1937 – October 15, 2017) was an American professional wrestler. He competed in the United States under the ring names Jimmy Jones and Burrhead Jones. As an African American wrestler, he was not permitted to wrestle against caucasians in some territories, thus he also worked as a referee.

NWA Southern Junior Heavyweight Championship
The NWA Southern Junior Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling title for lighter wrestlers, board-controlled by the National Wrestling Alliance since December 1949.

It originally was used by various promotions across the Southeastern United States, most prevalently in NWA Mid-America based Tennessee. In August 1974, it was renamed the NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Memphis version).

The title was revived by the NWA in December 1999, and is used in the NWA Mid-South promotion, based in Humboldt, Tennessee.