hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vimalabai Deshmukh
Vimalabai Jagadevarao Deshmukh who was also known as Vimalabai Deshmukh was an Indian politician who was a former Minister for Women and Child Welfare in the Government of Karnataka. She also served as a MLA to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in 1994 from Muddebihal constituency in Bijapur district, Karnataka.

Yavatmal Assembly constituency
Yavatmal Assembly constituency, formerly known as Yeotmal, is one of the 288 constituencies of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and one of the seven which are located in the Yavatmal district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

It is a part of Yavatmal-Washim Lok Sabha constituency with the adjoining Washim district along with five other Vidhan Sabha assembly constituencies, viz. Washim (SC) and Karanja from Washim district and Ralegaon (ST), Digras and Pusad from Yavatmal district.

The remaining constituencies from Yavatmal district, Wani and Arni are part of Chandrapur Lok Sabha constituency while Umarkhed is part of Nanded Lok Sabha constituency.
San Giovanni Bianco
San Giovanni Bianco (Bergamasque: San Gioàn Biànch) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Bergamo, located in the Val Brembana.

Bergamasque dialect
The Bergamasque dialect  is the western variant of the Eastern Lombard group of the Lombard language. It is mainly spoken in the province of Bergamo and in the area around Crema, in central Lombardy.

Bergamasque has official status in the province of Bergamo, according to the Regional Law 25/2016.
Ye Peng
Ye Peng (simplified Chinese: 叶蓬; traditional Chinese: 葉蓬; pinyin: Yè Péng; Wade–Giles: Yeh P'eng, sometimes also transliterated Ye Feng, 1897–1947) was a Chinese lieutenant general who fought for the Republic of China and later became a key figure in the Nanjing Nationalist Government of Wang Jingwei.

Baoding Military Academy
Baoding Military Academy or Paoting Military Academy (Chinese: 保定軍校; pinyin: Bǎodìng Jūnxiào; Wade–Giles: Pao-ting Chün-hsiao) was a military academy based in Baoding, during the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China, in the first two decades of the 20th century.  For a time, it was the most important military academy in China, and its cadets played prominent roles in the political and military history of the Republic of China. The Baoding Military Academy closed in 1923, but served as a model for the Whampoa Military Academy, which was founded in Guangzhou in 1924. It, along with the Yunnan Military Academy and the Whampoa Military Academy, was one of the "three major strategist cradles in modern China". During the Second Sino-Japanese War, half of 300 divisions in China's armed forces were commanded by Whampoa graduates and one-third were Baoding cadets.
Albert Żamett
Albert Żamett (25 November 1821 – 1876) was a Polish–Russian landscapes painter.

His father Daniel Schamett moved from East Prussia to Vilnius, where he became a Russian citizen. Albert Żamett attended a gymnasium in Vilnius. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg as a free listener under Maxim Vorobiev. In 1847, with the support of Kaunas Marshal Benedict Tyszkiewicz, he went to Italy and then to France, England and Germany.

In 1854, he was awarded a prize in the Roman Academy of St. Luke for the landscape painting. In 1859, he received the title of academic, among others, for the landscape of the Rocca di Papa area.

In 1861–1863, he resumed his stay in France, England and Savoy. In 1864 he returned to Vilnius, where he was responsible for the scenery of the Municipal Theater. He made frescos in the vestibule of the Cathedral of Vilnius.

Accademia di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca (English: Academy of Saint Luke) is an Italian academy of artists in Rome. The establishment of the Accademia de i Pittori e Scultori di Roma was approved by papal brief in 1577, and in 1593 Federico Zuccari became its first principe or director; the statutes were ratified in 1607.: 30  Other founders included Girolamo Muziano and Pietro Olivieri. The Academy was named for Luke the Evangelist, the patron saint of painters.

From the late sixteenth century until it moved to its present location at the Palazzo Carpegna, it was based in an urban block by the Roman Forum and although these buildings no longer survive, the Academy church of Santi Luca e Martina, does. Designed by the Baroque architect, Pietro da Cortona, its main façade overlooks the Forum.
Samuel Goldwyn Theater
The Samuel Goldwyn Theatre is a screening-only movie theater named after filmmaker Samuel Goldwyn.

It is located at 8949 Wilshire Boulevard, Beverly Hills, California, at headquarters of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). The Academy uses this theater each January most years to announce the nominations for its Academy Awards.

The following films premiered in the Samuel Goldwyn Theatre: Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Raju Chacha (2000), Gladiator (2000), A Beautiful Mind (2001), Black Hawk Down (2001), A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), Moulin Rouge! (2001), Narc (2002), Wimbledon (2004), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), 127 Hours (2010), The Descendants (2011), All the Money in The World (2017), Babylon (2022), The Boys in the Boat (2023) and Renaissance: A Film by Beyoncé (2023).

Narc (film)
Narc is a 2002 American neo-noir crime thriller film written and directed by Joe Carnahan, and starring Jason Patric and Ray Liotta (who also co-produced). The plot revolves around the efforts of two police detectives in search of the murderer of an undercover police officer. As they investigate, they engage in unethical behavior and uncover dark secrets that will challenge their fragile relationship.

The film premiered at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. It received a limited release by Paramount Pictures on December 20, 2002, before expanding to a wide release on January 10, 2003. It was well-received by critics and a financial success, earning three Independent Spirit Award nominations, including Best Director.
Tactical wargame
Tactical wargames are a type of wargame that models military conflict at a tactical level, i.e. units range from individual vehicles and squads to platoons or companies. These units are rated based on types and ranges of individual weaponry. The first tactical wargames were played as miniatures, extended to board games, and they are now also enjoyed as video games.

The games are designed so that a knowledge of military tactics will facilitate good gameplay. Tactical wargames offer more of a challenge to the designer, as fewer variables or characteristics inherent in the units being simulated are directly quantifiable. Modern commercial board wargaming avoided tactical subjects for many years, but since initial attempts at the subject appeared, it has remained a favourite topic among wargamers. Perhaps the most successful board wargaming system ever designed, Advanced Squad Leader, is set at the tactical level.

Squad
In military terminology, a squad is among the smallest of military organizations and is led by a non-commissioned officer. NATO and U.S. doctrine define a squad as an organization "larger than a team, but smaller than a section", while U.S. Army doctrine further defines a squad as a "small military unit typically containing two or more fire teams. It typically contains
a dozen Soldiers or less." In the Australian, British and Canadian Armed Forces the equivalent of a squad is a section.

The Canadian Forces Manual of Drill and Ceremonial defines a squad as "a small military formation of less than platoon size which is adopted to teach drill movements. (escouade)".

A squad can also be an ad hoc group of soldiers assigned to a task, for example, a firing squad.
The European Dream
The European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future Is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream is a book written by Jeremy Rifkin and published by Jeremy P. Tarcher Inc. on 19 August 2004. Rifkin describes the emergence and evolution of the European Union over the past five decades, as well as key differences between European and North American values. He argues that the European Union, which he describes as the first truly postmodern governing body, is already an economic superpower rivaling the US, and has the potential to become a full world superpower.

Potential superpower
A potential superpower is a sovereign state or other polity that is speculated to be or have the potential to become a superpower (a sovereign state or supranational union that holds a dominant position and can exert influence and project power on a global scale through economic, military, technological, political, or cultural means).

The United States is currently the only country whose status as a superpower finds broad consensus, with some accounts explicitly calling it the only one. China, the European Union, Russia and India have been discussed as potential superpowers of the 21st century; Japan was a candidate in the 1980s. The US remains a superpower primarily due to its alliances and economic influence, despite power decline and recent international reputation.
Pilot (The Americans)
"Pilot" is the first episode of the first season of the period drama television series The Americans. It originally aired on FX in the United States on January 30, 2013. The episode was written by series creator Joe Weisberg and directed by Gavin O'Connor.

In 1981, shortly after the inauguration of President Ronald Reagan, Philip and Elizabeth Jennings (Matthew Rhys and Keri Russell) are undercover Soviet intelligence agents from the secretive Directorate S of the KGB sent to the U.S. 15 years ago to work deep cover in Washington, D.C. Their assumed identities are a married couple who run a travel agency, and even their own children Paige (Holly Taylor) and Henry (Keidrich Sellati) do not know their secret.

Reviews for the episode were largely positive. Critics commented on the lead performances of Russell, Rhys, and Noah Emmerich. In the United States, the series premiere achieved a viewership of 3.22 million.

First Chief Directorate
The First Main Directorate (Russian: Пе́рвое гла́вное управле́ние, romanized: Pérvoye glávnoye upravléniye, IPA: [ˈpʲervəjə ˈɡɫavnəjə ʊprɐˈvlʲenʲɪje], lit. 'First Chief Directive') of the Committee for State Security under the USSR council of ministers (PGU KGB) was the organization responsible for foreign operations and intelligence activities by providing for the training and management of covert agents, intelligence collection administration, and the acquisition of foreign and domestic political, scientific and technical intelligence for the Soviet Union.

The First Chief Directorate was formed within the KGB directorate in 1954, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union became the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR RF).

The primary foreign intelligence service in Russia and the Soviet Union has been the GRU, a military intelligence organization and special operations force.
John Hempsey
John Hempsey (1889 – 2 August 1938) was a Scottish footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Rangers, Morton and Kilmarnock.

Hempsey began his career at Port Glasgow Athletic (no official appearances registered) before moving to Morton in 1911. He joined Rangers a year later and would make 167 appearances in all competitions during his eight-year spell, winning the Scottish Football League title in 1912–13 after replacing the injured Herbert Lock. Rivals Celtic thereafter dominated the league during the World War I period, but Hempsey did pick up four winner's medals from the Glasgow Cup (also serving two short loan spells at Morton and Kilmarnock) before Lock took over as the regular again in 1919–20. Hempsey joined King's Park, then playing in the Central Football League, for a year and returned to Greenock for a final season (serving as back-up to Dave Edwards) before retiring.

Port Glasgow Athletic F.C.
Port-Glasgow Athletic was a football club based in Port Glasgow, Scotland. The club was formed in 1878 and originally named Broadfield before changing their name in 1881. They played in the Scottish Football League between 1893 and 1911, and were based at Clune Park. Originally the town name was spelled Port-Glasgow, with a hyphen, this style was dropped after WW2.
Synthetic antibody
Synthetic antibodies are affinity reagents generated entirely in vitro, thus completely eliminating animals from the production process. Synthetic antibodies include recombinant antibodies, nucleic acid aptamers and non-immunoglobulin protein scaffolds. As a consequence of their in vitro manufacturing method the antigen recognition site of synthetic antibodies can be engineered to any desired target and may extend beyond the typical immune repertoire offered by natural antibodies. Synthetic antibodies are being developed for use in research, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Synthetic antibodies can be used in all applications where traditional monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are used and offer many inherent advantages over animal-derived antibodies, including comparatively low production costs, reagent reproducibility and increased affinity, specificity and stability across a range of experimental conditions.

Immune repertoire
The immune repertoire encompasses the different sub-types an organism's immune system makes of immunoglobulins or T-cell receptors. These help recognise pathogens in most vertebrates. The sub-types, all differing slightly from each other, can amount to tens of thousands, or millions in a given organism. Such a wide variety increases the odds of having a sub-type that recognises one of the many pathogens an organism may encounter. Too few sub-types and the pathogen can avoid the immune system, unchallenged, leading to disease.
Frontbench team of Pat Rabbitte
This is the front bench of Pat Rabbitte, who led the Labour Party from 2002 until 2007.  
Rabbitte's first shadow cabinet was announced on the afternoon of Monday 4 November 2002.

Pat Rabbitte - Leader and Northern Ireland

Liz McManus - Deputy Leader and Health

Emmet Stagg - Chief Whip and Nuclear Safety

Brendan Howlin - Enterprise, Trade and Employment

Eamon Gilmore - Environment and Local Government

Willie Penrose - Social and Family Affairs

Roisín Shortall - Transport

Joan Burton - Finance

Joe Costello - Justice

Jan O'Sullivan - Education

Kathleen Lynch - Consumer Affairs

Breda Moynihan Cronin - Equality and Law Reform

Brian O'Shea - Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs

Michael D. Higgins - Foreign Affairs

Tommy Broughan - Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and Assistant Whip

Jack Wall - Arts, Sports and Tourism

Joe Sherlock - Defence

Mary Upton - Agriculture and Food Safety

Sean Ryan - Older Persons Issues

Seamus Pattison - Leas Ceann Comhairle

Brendan Howlin
Brendan Howlin (born 9 May 1956) is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party from 2016 to 2020, Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform from 2011 to 2016, Leas-Cheann Comhairle from 2007 to 2011, deputy leader of the Labour Party from 1997 to 2002, Minister for the Environment from 1994 to 1997 and Minister for Health from 1993 to 1994. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wexford constituency from 1987 to 2024. He also served as a Senator from 1983 to 1987, after being nominated by the Taoiseach.
Catholic Church in Nigeria
The Catholic Church in Nigeria is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, the Curia in Rome, and the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Nigeria (CBCN).

As of 2025, the president of the CBCN is Lucius Iwejuru Ugorji, Archbishop of Owerri Archdiocese. He followed the previous president, Augustine Obiora Akubeze.

Augustine Obiora Akubeze
Augustine Obiora Akubeze is a Nigerian prelate of the Catholic Church and serves as archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Benin City, as of 2011.

On 18 March 2011, Vatican Information Service reported that Pope Benedict XVI had appointed Bishop Augustine Obiora Akubeze of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi, Nigeria, as metropolitan archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Benin City, Nigeria, effective on 28 March 2011. He was born in Kaduna, Nigeria in 1956; he was ordained a priest in 1987 and consecrated a bishop in 2006.
Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack
The Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack was an attack on Ankara Esenboğa Airport, 28 km (17 mi) northeast of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, on 7 August 1982. The attack was perpetrated by the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA). Nine people were killed and 72 injured during the attack.

Ankara Esenboğa Airport
Ankara Esenboğa Airport (IATA: ESB, ICAO: LTAC) is an international airport of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. In 2024, the airport served more than 12 million passengers, 9 million of which were domestic passengers. It ranked 4th in terms of total passenger traffic (after Istanbul Airport, Sabiha Gökçen Airport and  Antalya Airport), 3rd in terms of domestic passenger traffic (after Istanbul Airport and Sabiha Gökçen Airport) among airports in Turkey as well as being the 14th busiest airport in the Middle East.
Ishq Jaisa Kuch
"Ishq Jaisa Kuch" is an Indian Hindi-language song, composed by Vishal–Shekhar with lyrics written by Kumaar and sung by Vishal Dadlani, Shekhar Ravjiani, Shilpa Rao and Mellow D, for the soundtrack album of the 2024 Indian film Fighter. It was released on 22 December 2023 as the second single from the album, through T-Series.

Upon release, the song received positive reviews by audience and critics. The hook step in the film, performed by the lead actors Hrithik Roshan and Deepika Padukone became widely popular and a pop-cultural phenomenon. The track also topped the national charts, in all music and video platforms.

"Ishq Jaisa Kuch" experienced large amounts of commercial success. The song debuted at number on the Billboard India Songs.

India Songs
The India Songs is a record chart in India for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard and Luminate since February 2022. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard website (UTC). The chart consists of 25 songs.

The first number-one song on the chart was "Srivalli" by Sid Sriram on the issue dated February 19, 2022.
Gabriel Moiceanu
Gabriel Moiceanu (12 August 1934 – 1 December 2025) was a Romanian cyclist. He competed in the road race at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics; he was 57th in 1964 and failed to finish in 1960. In 1964, he also finished sixth in the 100 km team time trial.

Moiceanu rode the Peace Race in 1956, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962 and 1964 and won one stage in 1959 and 1964. In 1958, he won the Tour of Romania, and in 1968 was second in the Tour du Maroc.

Moiceanu died on 1 December 2025, at the age of 91.

Tour du Maroc
Tour du Maroc is the most important road bicycle race in the African state of Morocco. The editions 1957–1993 were reserved to amateurs. Since 2006, it is organized as a 2.2 event on the UCI Africa Tour.
Anshupa Lake
Ansupa Lake (also spelled Anshupa Lake) (“ଅଂଶୁପା” (Anshupā)) is a freshwater oxbow lake located on the left bank of the Mahanadi River near the town of Banki in Cuttack district, in the Indian state of Odisha. It is the largest freshwater lake in Odisha and one of the Ramsar wetlands of international importance in India. The lake is noted for its distinctive horseshoe shape, scenic surroundings, and rich biodiversity within the foothills of the Eastern Ghats.

Cuttack district
Cuttack district is one of the 30 districts of Odisha state in India. It is located in the coastal part of the state and its administrative headquarters are located in the city of Cuttack. As of 2011 Census, after Ganjam, it is the second most populous district of Odisha, with a population of 2,624,470. The name is an anglicized form of Kataka or Katak meaning Fort – referring to the Barabati Fort. The district is bisected by the river Mahanadi and its numerous distributaries and occupies a large portion of the river's delta. It is bounded by the Angul, Dhenkanal, Nayagarh and Khurda districts to the west while its southern and eastern boundaries touch Puri, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara and Jajpur districts.
Jason Villegas
Jason Villegas (born August 16, 1977 in Houston, TX) is a San Francisco based contemporary artist.  He has exhibited across the United States and internationally.  Villegas' work includes sculpture, installation, painting, drawing, textile, video and performance, exploring concepts such as globalism, evolution, sexuality, cosmology, and consumerism.  Motifs in Villegas' artworks include fashion logos, animal hybrids, weaponry, sales banners, clothing piles, anuses, cosmic debris, taxidermy, bear men, amorphous beasts, religious iconography, and party scenarios.

Socrates Sculpture Park
Socrates Sculpture Park is an outdoor museum and public park where artists can create and exhibit sculptures and multi-media installations. It is located one block from the Noguchi Museum at the intersection of Broadway and Vernon Boulevard in the neighborhood of Astoria, Queens, New York City. In addition to exhibition space, the park offers an arts education program, artist residency program, and job training.
Nonnenhorn
Nonnenhorn is one of the three Bavarian towns on Lake Constance in the Swabian district of Lindau. The air health resort and famous wine town is located between Wasserburg (Bodensee) and Kressbronn am Bodensee (Baden-Württemberg).

Kressbronn am Bodensee
Kressbronn am Bodensee is a municipality and a village in the district of Bodenseekreis in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It lies on Lake Constance.

Between 1919 and 2011, Kressbronn was the site of the Bodan-Werft shipyard, which built many of the ferries and other vessels used on Lake Constance and other Alpine lakes.

The lawyer Nicolas Becker was born in Kressbronn am Bodensee in 1946.
Mathematical problem
A mathematical problem is a problem that can be represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the Solar System, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems. It can also be a problem referring to the nature of mathematics itself, such as Russell's Paradox.

Representation (mathematics)
In mathematics, a representation is a very general relationship that expresses similarities (or equivalences) between mathematical objects or structures. Roughly speaking, a collection Y of mathematical objects may be said to represent another collection X of objects, provided that the properties and relationships existing among the representing objects yi conform, in some consistent way, to those existing among the corresponding represented objects xi. More specifically, given a set Π of properties and relations, a Π-representation of some structure X is a structure Y that is the image of X under a homomorphism that preserves Π. The label representation is sometimes also applied to the homomorphism itself (such as group homomorphism in group theory).
Francis O'Brien (Canadian politician)
Francis Gerard O'Brien (December 15, 1927 – August 15, 2020) was a Canadian politician and farmer. He represented 2nd Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1982 to 1989 as a Progressive Conservative.

O'Brien was born in 1927 in Morell, Prince Edward Island. He married Rosella Magennis in 1953. He was a mink and beef farmer before entering politics.

O'Brien entered provincial politics in the 1982 election, when he was elected councillor for the electoral district of 2nd Kings. He was re-elected in 1986, but was defeated by Liberal Walter Bradley when he ran for re-election in 1989.

1986 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1986 Prince Edward Island general election was held on April 21, 1986.

The election resulted in the defeat of the two-term Progressive Conservative government by the Liberals led by Joe Ghiz. Ghiz, the son of a Lebanese store owner, went on to become the first Canadian premier that was not of complete European descent.