hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Riemannian connection on a surface
In mathematics, the Riemannian connection on a surface or Riemannian 2-manifold refers to several intrinsic geometric structures discovered by Tullio Levi-Civita, Élie Cartan and Hermann Weyl in the early part of the twentieth century: parallel transport, covariant derivative and connection form. These concepts were put in their current form with principal bundles only in the 1950s. The classical nineteenth century approach to the differential geometry of surfaces, due in large part to Carl Friedrich Gauss, has been reworked in this modern framework, which provides the natural setting for the classical theory of the moving frame as well as the Riemannian geometry of higher-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. This account is intended as an introduction to the theory of connections.

Frame bundle
In mathematics, a frame bundle is a principal fiber bundle  associated with any vector bundle . The fiber of  over a point  is the set of all ordered bases, or frames, for . The general linear group acts naturally on  via a change of basis, giving the frame bundle the structure of a principal -bundle (where k is the rank of ).

The frame bundle of a smooth manifold is the one associated with its tangent bundle. For this reason it is sometimes called the tangent frame bundle.
Simplified Wade
Simplified Wade, abbreviated SW, is a modification of the Wade–Giles romanization system for writing Standard Mandarin Chinese. It was devised by the Swedish linguist Olov Bertil Anderson (1920–1993), who first published the system in 1969. Simplified Wade uses tonal spelling: in other words it modifies the letters in a syllable in order to indicate tone differences. It is one of only two Mandarin romanization systems that indicate tones in such a way (the other being Gwoyeu Romatzyh).  All other systems use diacritics or numbers to indicate tone.

Standard Chinese phonology
The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived from the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. However, pronunciation varies widely among speakers, who may introduce elements of their local varieties. Television and radio announcers are chosen for their ability to affect a standard accent. The sound system has not only segments—i.e. vowels and consonants—but also tones, and each syllable has one. In addition to the four main tones, there is a neutral tone that appears on weak syllables.

This article uses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to compare the phonetic values corresponding to syllables romanized with pinyin.
Jones Field
Jones Field (FAA LID: F00) is a city-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) north of the central business district of Bonham, a city in Fannin County, Texas, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport.

Fannin County, Texas
Fannin County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas, on the border with Oklahoma. Fannin is located at the western edge of Northeast Texas.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 35,662, making it the 87th-most populous county in Texas. The entirety of Fannin County is a part of the Bonham micropolitan statistical area and the Dallas-Fort Worth combined statistical area. The county seat is Bonham.
Tomislav Zografski
Tomislav Zografski (Macedonian: Томислав Зографски, 29 March 1934 – 14 January 2000) was a Macedonian composer and music pedagogue who also wrote music for film and television. His neoclassical language played a key part in the journey of Macedonian music toward the postmodern era. Zografski's musical language was not archetypal of neoclassical folklore-inspired pastiche but instead more the result of him venturing into the examination and development of more exemplar traditional repertoire in a way that was unconventional and compelling and which retained transformed elements from an earlier period.

Zografski was born in Veles, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Macedonia) on 29 March 1934.  He studied music at Skopje Music School and Belgrade Music School and composition at the Music Academy in Belgrade. In 1967 he became professor at the faculty of music at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje.

Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje
The Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM) (Macedonian: Универзитет „Св. Кирил и Методиј“ во Скопје (УКИМ), romanized: Univerzitet "Sv. Kiril i Metodij" vo Skopje (UKIM)) is a public research university in Skopje, North Macedonia. It is the oldest and largest public university in the country. It is named after the Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries Cyril and Methodius. As of 2018–19 school year, a total of 25,220 students are enrolled at the university. Furthermore, the teaching and research staff number 2,390 people; this is further supported by over 300 members in the university's institutions.

The primary language of instruction is Macedonian, but there are a number of courses which are carried out in English, German, French, Italian and Albanian.
The Sun (2005 film)
The Sun (Russian: Солнце, Solntse) is a 2005 Russian biographical film directed by Alexander Sokurov, depicting Japanese Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) during the final days of World War II. It is the third film in a trilogy by the Russian director, that includes Taurus, about Vladimir Lenin, and Moloch, about Adolf Hitler. The film was entered in the 55th Berlin International Film Festival. It received generally positive reviews from critics.

End of World War II in Asia
World War II officially ended in Asia on September 2, 1945, at 3:24 with the surrender of Japan on the USS Missouri. Before that, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, and the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, causing Emperor Hirohito to announce the acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration on August 15, 1945, which would eventually lead to the surrender ceremony on September 2.

After the ceremony, Japanese forces continued to surrender across the Pacific, with the last major surrender occurring on October 25, 1945, with the surrender of Japanese forces in Taiwan to Chiang Kai-shek. The American occupation of Japan lasted from the end of the war until April 28, 1952, when the Treaty of San Francisco came into effect.
Ormslev
Ormslev  is a small village in Aarhus Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark with a population of 381 (1 January 2025).

Ormslev is located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west of Aarhus city, between the settlements of Stavtrup (4 km (2.5 mi) east), Hasselager (4 km (2.5 mi) southeast) and Harlev (8 km (5.0 mi) west), on the southern slopes of the broad and flat Aarhus Ådal river valley, overlooking the Brabrand Lake and Aarhus River.

The lake and natural site of Årslev Engsø is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northeast of Ormslev, including the historic manor of Constantinsborg. Route E45 passes by immediately west of Ormslev. Further west, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi), is Aarhus Aadal Golf Club.

Aarhus Municipality
Aarhus Municipality (Danish: Aarhus Kommune), known as Århus Municipality (Danish: Århus Kommune) until 2011, is a kommune in the Central Denmark Region, on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.

The municipality covers an area of 469.56 km2 (181.30 sq mi), and has a population of 373,388 as of 2025. The main town and the site of its municipal council is the city of Aarhus. Neighbouring municipalities are Syddjurs to the north, Favrskov to the northwest, Skanderborg to the southwest, and Odder to the south.

Aarhus Municipality was not merged with other municipalities in the nationwide Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007) due to its already relatively large size and population.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.
Puerto Rico Government Development Bank
The Government Development Bank for Puerto Rico (GDB) —Spanish: Banco Gubernamental de Fomento para Puerto Rico (BGF)— is the government bond issuer, intragovernmental bank, fiscal agent, and financial advisor of the government of Puerto Rico. The bank, along with its subsidiaries and affiliates, serves as the principal entity through which Puerto Rico channels its issuance of bonds. As an overview, the different executive agencies of the government of Puerto Rico and its government-owned corporations either issue bonds with the bank as a proxy, or owe debt to the bank itself (as the bank is a government-owned corporation as well).

Intragovernmental holdings
In public finance, intragovernmental holdings (also known as intragovernmental debt or intragovernmental obligations) are debt obligations that a government owes to its own agencies. These agencies may receive or spend money unevenly throughout the year, or receive it for payout at a future date, as in the case of a pension fund. Lending the excess funds to the government, typically on the accounts of its treasury, enables the government to calculate its net cash requirements over time.
Netarde
Netarde is a village in Sawantwadi Taluk, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India. It is located along the state border with Goa, about 45 kilometres southeast of the district capital Oros, and 18 kilometres southeast of the taluk capital Sawantwadi. As of 2011, it had a population of 990.

Sawantwadi
Sawantwadi is a city located in Sawantwadi Taluka, in the state of Maharashtra  in Konkan region which is in the mid-western coast of India.

It is a prominent town in the vicinity of Moti Lake and is well known for its wooden handicrafts. The Palace of Sawantwadi is a popular tourist attraction and it is great heritage of Ganjifa and Laquerware.
October 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 28 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 30

All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 11 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 29th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 16.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
Keefer–Brubaker Farm
Keefer–Brubaker Farm, also known as the Oscar Fogle Farm, is a historic home and farm complex located at Taneytown, Carroll County, Maryland. It consists of a two-story six-by-two-bay log-and-frame house which is partially encased in brick and rests on a rubble stone foundation  Also on the property is a frame summer kitchen, a combination smokehouse/dry house, a frame springhouse, a shop building, a bank barn, a dairy, a hog pen, a tool shed, poultry house, and several more recent buildings.  It is a representative example of a family farm complex which spans the period from the late 18th century to the mid 20th century.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Carroll County, Maryland
Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 172,891. Its county seat is Westminster. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Carroll County is included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. While predominantly rural, southern areas of the county have become increasingly suburban in recent years.
Barry Lane
Barry Douglas Lane (21 June 1960 – 31 December 2022) was an English professional golfer. He won five official European Tour events between 1988 and 2004. He played in the 1993 Ryder Cup and won the inaugural Andersen Consulting World Championship of Golf in late 1995. After reaching 50 he had considerable success on the European Senior Tour, winning eight times between 2010 and 2019.

World Cup (men's golf)
The World Cup of Golf is a men's golf tournament contested by teams of two representing their country. Only one team is allowed from each country. The players are selected on the basis of the Official World Golf Ranking, although not all of the first choice players choose to compete. The equivalent event for women was the Women's World Cup of Golf, played from 2005 to 2008.
Mahogany Seed Soup (Ofe Akparata)
Mahogany Seed Soup (Ofe Akparata Listenⓘ) is a soup made from Mahogany seed traditional known as Akparata among the Igbo tribe. The soup originates from the Eastern part of Nigeria and it is a favourite dish among the Enugu indigenes. The Mahogany seed is widely used as a thickener used in soups and other dishes, besides using it as a thickener it can also be used in making the sauce used in the preparation of Cowleg or Goatleg Nkwobi and Abacha.

Enugu (city)
Enugu (/eɪˈnuːɡuː/ ⓘ ay-NOO-goo; Igbo: Enụgwụ) is the capital city of Enugu State in Nigeria. The city had a population of 876,000 (2024 estimate) spread across the three LGAs of Enugu East, Enugu North and Enugu South, according to the 2022 Nigerian census.
Sama (surname)
Sama is the surname of:

Balkrishna Sama (1903–1981), Nepalese dramatist

Catherine M. Sama, professor of Italian at the University of Rhode Island

Koffi Sama (born 1944), Prime Minister of Togo from 2002 to 2005

Logan Sama, English Grime DJ from Brentwood, Essex

Mustapha Sama (born 1979), Sierra Leonean football player

S. K. Sama (born 1934), Indian gastroenterologist

Serukalathur Sama, a Tamil film actor

Stephen Sama (born 1993), Cameroon born German footballer

Logan Sama
Logan Sama is an English Grime DJ and esports commentator from Brentwood, Essex. He has appeared regularly throughout his career on radio stations Rinse, Kiss 100 and BBC Radio 1. He also runs the record labels Adamantium Music, Earth616 and Keepin' It Grimy through which he has released projects for artists and producers across vinyl and digital formats. He also founded KeepinItGrimy, a brand entirely focused on Grime activity.
Juggernaut (wrestler)
Craig Renney (born December 9, 1975) is a Canadian professional wrestler best known by his ring name, Juggernaut. He has competed for several North American independent promotions and has competed in several wrestling tours in Asia. He also had a brief stint in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 2000.

Juggernaut is known both for his brawling and aerial abilities as well as his martial arts skills. He has competed against some of the most famous wrestlers in the business. His greatest success came in Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling (ECCW), where he had a long rivalry with Kurrgan and won the NWA/ECCW Heavyweight Championship on six occasions. Juggernaut announced his retirement in 2007, as he wanted to quit wrestling while he was still healthy.

ECCW Tag Team Championship
The NWA/ECCW Tag Team Championship is the tag team title for the Elite Canadian Championship Wrestling wrestling promotion based out of British Columbia.  It was activated in 1996.  The first champions were the Glamour Order Of Discipline.  There have been 74 reigns by 34 teams and 55 wrestlers with three vacancies.  One of the vacancies came when the titles were vacated by NWA Pacific Northwest representative Mike Sweetster after ruling that the 24 July 2009 match was not an official contest and was thus null and void. The titles are currently being held by Bishy Wishy (Bishop and Fergie) who are in their first reign. On 19 April 2013, ECCW unveiled new belts for the Elite Tag Team Championships. Then champions Scotty Mac and Jamie Diaz relinquished the old NWA/ECCW Tag Team Championships to their stable mates The Greedfather and Red Dinero to have, who later deemed them the "ECCW Classic Tag Team Championships".
Franz Josef / Waiau
Franz Josef (officially Franz Josef / Waiau) is a small town in the West Coast region of the South Island of New Zealand. Whataroa is 32 kilometres (20 mi) to the north-east, and the township of Fox Glacier is 23 kilometres (14 mi) to the south-west. The Waiho River runs from the Franz Josef Glacier to the south, through the town, and into the Tasman Sea to the north-west.

New Zealand census
The New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings (Māori: Te Tatauranga o ngā Tāngata Huri Noa i Aotearoa me ō rātou Whare Noho) is a national population and housing census conducted by Statistics New Zealand, a government department, every five years. There have been 34 censuses since 1851. In addition to providing detailed information about national demographics, the results of the census play an important part in the calculation of resource allocation to local service providers.

The 2023 census held on 7 March 2023 was the most recent, with the results being released from 29 May 2024 to August 2025.
Football in Tajikistan
Football is the most popular sport in Tajikistan, a country that gained independence in 1991. Approximately one in five people in Tajikistan are considered association football fans.

The national association regularly takes part in competitions organised by FIFA and the Asian Football Confederation at senior and youth level. However, the country has not yet enjoyed any real success. While funds are limited, costs for travel and accommodation for international matches are prohibitively high. It is therefore extremely difficult for the national teams to gain experience, apart from in official competitions.

Tajikistan Cup
The Jomi Tojikiston (Tajik: Ҷоми Тоҷикистон; Russian: Кубок Таджикистана), or Tajikistan Cup, is the top knockout football tournament of Tajikistan. Tajikistan Cup was established in 1992. Now 1xbet is the sponsor and the sponsored name for the cup is 1xbet Çomi Toçikiston.

The Cup winner qualifies to play the Tajikistan Premier League winner for the Tajikistan Super Cup. The winner of the competition ordinarily got a spot in the AFC Champions League Two.
Antonio Escohotado
Antonio Escohotado Espinosa (5 July 1941 – 21 November 2021), commonly called Antonio Escohotado, was a Spanish philosopher, jurist, essayist and university professor. His life's work primarily focused on law, philosophy and sociology, yet extended to many other disciplines. Escohotado gained public renown for his research on drugs and for his well-known anti-prohibitionist positions. One of his best known works is The General History of Drugs. The leitmotif of his work is, in the same way, an affirmation of freedom as an antidote to fear or the constraints that push the human being towards all kinds of servitude. His thought fits into the framework of libertarian liberalism.

Wikimedia Commons
Wikimedia Commons, also known as Wikicommons, or simply Commons, is a wiki-based media repository of free-to-use images, sounds, videos and other media. It is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Files from Wikimedia Commons can be used across all of the Wikimedia projects in all languages, including Wikipedia, Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiquote, Wiktionary, Wikinews, Wikibooks and Wikispecies, and can also be downloaded for offsite use. As of November 2025, the repository contains over 130 million free-to-use media files, managed and editable by registered volunteers.
Richard Slee (artist)
Richard Slee (born Carlisle, 1946) is a British ceramic artist.

He studied at Carlisle College of Art and Design (1964–65), the Central School of Art and Design (1965–70), from which he graduated with a first-class honours degree in ceramics, and the Royal College of Art (1986–88).

Slee has been professor of ceramics at Camberwell College of Arts, London, since 1992 and was awarded the Jerwood Prize for Ceramics in 2002. He had a retrospective exhibition at the Crafts Council in 2004  and an exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum from June 2010 to April 2011.

Camberwell College of Arts
Camberwell College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England. The college offers further and higher education programmes, including postgraduate and PhD awards. The college has retained single degree options within Fine Art, offering specialist Bachelor of Arts courses in painting, sculpture, photography and drawing. It also runs graduate and postgraduate courses in fine art as well as design courses such as graphic design, illustration and 3D design. It has been ranked as the top British art school by The Times.

It was established as the Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts in 1898, and adopted its present name in 1989.
Lake Dikolongo
Lake Dikolongo or Lac Dikilongo is a lake situated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is estimated to lie 1,298 metres (4,259 ft) above sea level. It is fed by the Lubudi River. The lake is near Mulumbu, Mukwemba, and Samuzala.

Lubudi River (Lualaba tributary)
The Lubudi River  (Swahili: Mto Lubudi) is a tributary of the Lualaba River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
The Lubudi rises near the Zambian border southwest of Kolwezi. It flows north and northeast to join the Lualaba from the left where the southern Katanga plateau drops into the Upemba Depression, near Bukama.
Cyril Jackson (educationist)
Sir Cyril Jackson KBE (6 February 1863 – 3 September 1924) was a British educationist, important in the development of education in Western Australia.

Jackson, the eldest son of Laurence Morris Jackson and Louisa Elizabeth Craven, was born in Dartmouth Park Road in Kentish Town. Educated at the Charterhouse School and New College, Oxford, Jackson graduated in 1885 with honours in Literae Humaniores.

He became the first Chairman of the West Guildford Roads Board (predecessor to the Town of Bassendean), the inaugural meeting of which was held in the billiard room of Jackson’s house on 12 July 1901. Official recognition of the new municipality followed a week later on 19 July 1901.

Jackson was appointed a Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1917. He died on 3 September 1924.

Cyril Jackson Senior High School was created in Perth, Western Australia in 1961 and named in his honour.

Dartmouth Park
Dartmouth Park is a district of north west London in the London Borough of Camden, 6.0 km (3.7 mi) north of Charing Cross. The area adjoins Highgate and Highgate Cemetery (to the north) and Kentish Town (to the south). Parliament Hill is to the west.

The nearest Underground stations are Tufnell Park and Archway, both on the Northern line. The nearest Overground station is Gospel Oak.
Joseph Barton (New Hampshire politician)
Joseph James Barton is an American politician and conservative activist from New Hampshire. He is a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and has represented the Grafton 1st district since 2024. He was the board chairman of Project Veritas. He is a member of the Republican party.

Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS), often called the Portsmouth Navy Yard, is a United States Navy shipyard on Seavey's Island in Kittery, Maine, bordering Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The naval yard lies along the southern boundary of Maine on the Piscataqua River.

Founded on June 12, 1800, PNS is the U.S. Navy's oldest continuously operating shipyard. Today, most of its work concerns the overhaul, repair, and modernization of submarines.

As of November 2021, the shipyard employed more than 6,500 federal employees. Some of the work is performed by private corporations: Delphinius Engineering of Eddystone, Pennsylvania; Oceaneering International of Chesapeake, Virginia; Orbis Sibro of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina; and Q.E.D. Systems Inc. of Virginia Beach, Virginia.