hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nif regulon
The Nif regulon is a set of seven operons used to regulate nitrogen fixation in the coliform bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae under anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions. It includes 17 nif genes, and is situated between the his and the Shi-A operon of the bacterium.

Hypoxia (environmental)
Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions. Hypoxia is problematic for air-breathing organisms, yet it is essential for many anaerobic organisms. Hypoxia applies to many situations, but usually refers to the atmosphere and natural waters.
A Christmas Melody
A Christmas Melody, also known under its working title of Mistletoe & Melody, is a 2015 American Christmas television film directed by Mariah Carey, who co-stars with Lacey Chabert. It was filmed in Ohio during October 2015, and premiered on the Hallmark Channel on December 19, 2015. The film was viewed by 3.95 million people upon its debut.

Christmas in popular culture
Christmas themes have long been an inspiration to artists and writers. A prominent aspect of Christian media, the topic first appeared in literature and in music. Filmmakers have picked up on this wealth of material, with both adaptations of Christmas novels, in the forms of Christmas films, Santa Claus films, and Christmas television specials.

It also includes animation, comics, and children's books, including A Charlie Brown Christmas, How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, and Frosty the Snowman.
Hoffman graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Hoffman graph is a 4-regular graph with 16 vertices and 32 edges discovered by Alan Hoffman. Published in 1963, it is cospectral to the hypercube graph Q4.

The Hoffman graph has many common properties with the hypercube Q4—both are  Hamiltonian and have chromatic number 2, chromatic index 4, girth 4 and diameter 4. It is also a 4-vertex-connected graph and a 4-edge-connected graph.  However, it is not distance-regular and not 1-planar.
It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.

1-planar graph
In topological graph theory, a 1-planar graph is a graph that can be drawn in the Euclidean plane in such a way that each edge has at most one crossing point, where it crosses a single additional edge. If a 1-planar graph, one of the most natural generalizations of planar graphs, is drawn that way, the drawing is called a 1-plane graph or 1-planar embedding of the graph.
Hoodmorning (No Typo): Candy Coronas
Hoodmorning (No Typo): Candy Coronas is the twelfth mixtape by West Coast rapper Game released as a free online download on July 29, 2011. The mixtape is hosted by DJ Skee. The mixtape includes all new tracks and was released in promotion to Game's upcoming The R.E.D. Album. Production is handled by Boi-1da, DJ Khalil, Cool & Dre, Trey Songz, Terrace Martin, Jim Jonsin and more. Features on the mixtape include Snoop Dogg, Dr. Dre, Lil Wayne, Gucci Mane, B.o.B, Wiz Khalifa, Birdman, Trey Songz, Yelawolf and more.

Cool & Dre
Cool & Dre are a record production and songwriting duo from North Miami, Florida, consisting of Marcello "Cool" Antonio Valenzano and André "Dre" Christopher Lyon. The duo were first discovered by New York rapper Fat Joe and began their careers working in tandem to produce his albums Jealous Ones Still Envy (2001) and Loyalty (2002). Two years later, they produced the hit song "New York" by Ja Rule, and "Hate It or Love It" by the Game the following year, which peaked at numbers 27 and two on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively. Cool & Dre were later credited on the Billboard 200 number-one albums Tha Carter III (2008), Tha Carter IV (2011), and Tha Carter V (2018) by Lil Wayne, as well as the collaborative album, Everything Is Love (2018) by Jay-Z and Beyoncé, which won a Grammy Award.
San Michele a Ripa
The Ospizio di San Michele a Ripa Grande (Hospice of St Michael) or Ospizio Apostolico di San Michele in Rome is a complex represented by a series of buildings in the south end of the Rione Trastevere, facing the Tiber River and extending from the bank of Ponte Sublicio for nearly 500 meters.  It stands across the river from the Rione Ripa and the area known as the Porto di Ripetta, once in the Aventine Hill neighborhood of Rome. The Porto di Ripa Grande was the river port that served those coming up from the Mediterranean port of Ostia. This area was once a main port of Rome. While large seafaring ships could not forge easily up the Tiber river to Rome; smaller boats frequently brought supplies from the coast to the city and offloaded at the Porta.

Ripa (rione of Rome)
Ripa is the 12th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. XII, and it is located in the Municipio I.

The coat of arms of the rione depicts a white rudder on a red background, to remind the port of Ripa Grande, that was placed in Trastevere, but faced the rione.
Thud (band)
Thud was a death-doom band from Washington, D.C. The band comprised vocalist Robert Dotolo, drummer Gregg Hudson, bassist Chris Rasley and guitarist Adam Rutland, who played a combination of death-doom, stoner and thrash metal. They released the full-length studio album Life & Death and the EP Inevitable in 1992 and 1993 respectively before disbanding.

Stoner rock
Stoner rock, also known as stoner metal or stoner doom, is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by Kyuss and Sleep.
Oregon's 48th House district
District 48 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district contains portions of Clackamas and Multnomah counties. The district includes areas of outer southeast Portland surrounding Powell Butte as well as parts of Barton, Boring, Damascus, and Happy Valley. The current representative is Lamar Wise of Portland.

Damascus, Oregon
Damascus (/dəˈmæskəs/ də-MAS-kəs) is a census-designated place and former city in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. Established in 1867, it was incorporated in 2004 in an effort to enable local land use decision-making control by the community. The citizens voted to disincorporate in 2016, and, after a legal challenge, disincorporation was completed in 2020. Damascus is located east of Happy Valley and Interstate 205 and west of Boring. The population was 11,050 residents as of the 2020 census.
Mihan Singh
Mihan Singh (died 17 April 1841) was the Sikh governor (nazim) of Kashmir province from 1834 to 1841.: 119  He was the commander of a Sikh infantry battalion, which led to him being bestowed with the Kumedan title.: 120  After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839, Mihan Singh advocated for the partial independence from Lahore. In the aftermath of his failed proposal, he was killed by rebellious troops on 17 April 1841.

Mihan Singh was a Khatri from Gujranwala. He had taken on the position of governor of Kashmir at a dire time for the region but was able to rehabilitate Kashmir during his governorship. Mihan Singh enacted many popular reforms that addressed hunger, poverty and unemployment in Kashmir during his tenure as governor. He was assisted in his administration by a Kashmiri Pandit named Pandit Ganesh Dhar and a Punjabi Muslim named Mohammad Afzal Qazi. He was the founder of Qila Mihan Singh, which was named after him.

Kashmiri Pandits
The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins) are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. They belong to the Pancha Gauda Brahmin group from the Kashmir Valley, located within the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during medieval times. Prompted by the growth of Islamic militancy in the valley, large numbers left in the exodus of the 1990s. Even so, small numbers remain.
The Sun Rising (poem)
The Sun Rising (also known as The Sunne Rising) is a thirty-line poem (a great example of an inverted aubade) with three stanzas published in 1633 by the English poet John Donne. The meter is irregular, ranging from two to six stresses per line in no fixed pattern. The longest lines are at the end of the three stanzas and the rhyme never varies—each stanza runs ABBACDCDEE. Donne's poems were known to be metaphysical  with jagged rhythms, dramatic monologues, playful intelligence, and startling images. The poem personifies the sun.

Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.  Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, "prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.)
Minkowski sausage
The Minkowski sausage or Minkowski curve is a fractal first proposed by and named for Hermann Minkowski as well as its casual resemblance to a sausage or sausage links. The initiator is a line segment and the generator is a broken line of eight parts one fourth the length.

The Sausage has a Hausdorff dimension of . It is therefore often chosen when studying the physical properties of non-integer fractal objects. It is strictly self-similar. It never intersects itself. It is continuous everywhere, but differentiable nowhere. It is not rectifiable. It has a Lebesgue measure of 0. The type 1 curve has a dimension of ⁠ln 5/ln 3⁠ ≈ 1.46.

Multiple Minkowski Sausages may be arranged in a four sided polygon or square to create a quadratic Koch island or Minkowski island/[snow]flake:

Arc length
Arc length is the distance between two points along a curve.
It can be formalized mathematically for smooth curves using vector calculus and differential geometry, or for curves that might not necessarily be smooth as a limit of lengths of polygonal chains. The curves for which this limit exists are called rectifiable curves, and the process of determining their arc length in this way is called curve rectification.
Route 4370
Route 4370 or Eastern Ring Road, is a highway that connects the Geva Binyamin settlement in the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Jerusalem. It has been referred to by its critics as an "apartheid road" due to the fact that parts of it have separate traffic for Israeli plates and Palestinian plates.

Vehicle registration plates of Palestine
The Palestinian National Authority requires their residents register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates.
There are two different registration systems in use: one for West Bank and one in the Gaza Strip.
Pijaki
Pijaki [piˈjaki] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Targ, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Sztum County
Sztum County (Polish: powiat sztumski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sztum, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Dzierzgoń, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Sztum.

The county was created, as a result of local pressure, in 2002. The area had been part of Malbork County.

The county covers an area of 730.85 square kilometres (282.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,476, out of which the population of Sztum is 9,940, that of Dzierzgoń is 5,364, and the rural population is 26,172.

Sztum County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Sztum County is bordered by Malbork County to the north, Elbląg County to the north-east, Ostróda County to the east, Iława County to the south-east, Kwidzyn County to the south and Tczew County to the west.
SVG Air
SVG AIR is an airline company located at the Argyle International Airport, Argyle, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines that operates both scheduled and charter flight services within the Eastern Caribbean islands as far north as Jamaica and as far south as Guyana.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines Air or SVG AIR, is a national airline of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, along with Mustique Airways. SVG Air and Mustique Airways have combined to form a SVG Air / Grenadine Alliance, operating 17 aircraft, with bases in St. Vincent, Antigua and Grenada. Offering visitors and residents a wider choice of International Gateways in and out of St. Vincent & the Grenadines.

SVG AIR's main operating base is in St. Vincent but has a maintenance hangar on the island of Bequia and other bases in Barbados, Grenada, Carriacou, Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat and the Grenadine islands of: Bequia, Canouan and Union Island.

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
The Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS; French: Organisation des États de la Caraïbe orientale, OECO) is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to economic harmonisation and integration, protection of human and legal rights, and the encouragement of good governance between countries and territories in the Eastern Caribbean. It also performs the role of spreading responsibility and liability in the event of natural disaster.

The administrative body of the OECS is the Commission, which is headquartered in Castries, the capital of Saint Lucia.

OECS operates an economic union within the larger CARICOM economic union. Eight members operate as a currency union - the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, using the Eastern Caribbean dollar.
Public Services of Sri Lanka
The Public Services of Sri Lanka are a series of services groups that provide specialized professional services to the Government of Sri Lanka. These are government employees who carry out public duties, however they are not elected officials. The most senior of these is the Sri Lanka Administrative Service which is the country's permanent bureaucracy. The Sri Lankan Government is the largest employer in the country and the public services are often criticized as overstaffed and inefficient.

Their members are selected by competitive examination and promotions are made by the Public Service Commission.

Government of Sri Lanka
The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය, romanised: Śrī Laṅkā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம், romanised: Ilaṇkai Aracāṅkam) is a semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution. It administers the island from both its commercial capital of Colombo and the administrative capital of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.
Cycling at the 2023 Pan American Games
Cycling competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile will be held at five venues across Santiago. The BMX racing competitions will be held in the BMX Track in Peñalolén, while the Esplanade of urban sports will feature freestyle BMX events. 
San Cristobal Metropolitan Park will stage the mountain biking competitions, and the Streets of Isla de Maipo and Santiago will stage the road competitions. Finally the velodrome will stage the track cycling competitions.

22 medal events will contested, four in BMX, two in mountain biking and four in road cycling and 12 in track cycling. Each discipline is gender neutral in terms of events. A total of 250 cyclists qualified to compete at the games.

BMX racing
BMX racing is a type of bicycle racing which features BMX riders sharing a short single-lap circuit or point-to-point course, with multiple banked corners, jumps and rollers. The format of BMX was derived from motocross racing, and sanctioned internationally by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), facilitated by a number of continental, national and local sanctioning bodies.
2023 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
The 89th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in film for 2023, were announced on November 30, 2023.

The annual gala awards dinner took place at Tao Downtown in New York on January 3, 2024.

2023 in film
2023 in film is an overview of events, including award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country- and genre-specific lists of films released, and notable deaths. Warner Bros. and Walt Disney Studios celebrated their 100th anniversaries this year. The Super Mario Bros. Movie and Barbie were the two movies that made $1 billion in 2023.

A large number of the year's films significantly underperformed at the box office, attributed to high budgets and low marketing due to the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes.
Novostav, Ternopil Oblast
Novostav (Ukrainian: Новостав) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk urban hromada.  After the liquidation of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion (Ukrainian: Шумський район) was a former raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Shumsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Shumsk Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 32,625 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Shumsk urban hromada with the administration in Shumsk;

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velyki Dederkaly.
Cyrtandra crenata
Cyrtandra crenata is a rare species of flowering plant belonging to  the African violet family known by the common name Kahana Valley cyrtandra. It is endemic to Oahu in Hawaii, where it is known to be found only from the Koolau Mountains. It has not been seen since 1947, however, and it is feared to be extinct. The habitat is steep and inaccessible in some areas, so it is possible that specimens of this species still exist in the wild. It was federally listed an endangered species of the United States in 1994. This shrub grows 1 to 2 meters tall and bears white flowers. Like other Hawaiian Cyrtandra it is called ha`iwale.

Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.
William Torrey
There are multiple people named William Torrey:

William D. Torrey, lawyer and state legislator in Mississippi

Joseph William Torrey (1828–1885), American merchant

William Torrey Harris (1835–1909), American educator

William Torrey (1798–1891) from Manchester Township, New Jersey

Bill Torrey (1934–2018), Canadian ice hockey executive

William Torrey Harris
William Torrey Harris (September 10, 1835 – November 5, 1909) was an American educator, philosopher, and lexicographer. He worked for nearly a quarter century in St. Louis, Missouri, where he taught school and served as Superintendent of Schools for twelve years. With Susan Blow, in 1873 he established the first permanent, public kindergarten in the country. He is also known for establishing high school as an integral part of public education.

Increasingly interested in Hegelian philosophy, he was cofounder of Journal of Speculative Philosophy (1867), the first philosophical journal in the US. He also worked with Amos Bronson Alcott's Concord School of Philosophy. In 1889 Harris was appointed as United States Commissioner of Education, and served in that role, under four presidents, until 1906.
Stobart (logistics company)
Eddie Stobart Limited is a British multimodal logistics company, with interests in road haulage, rail freight, deep sea and inland waterway transport systems and deep sea port, inland port and rail connected storage facilities, along with transport, handling and warehousing facilities in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Belgium.

Founded by Eddie Stobart in the end of the 1940s as an agricultural business in Cumbria, the company diversified into rail and other activities. It is a subsidiary of the Culina Group, which is in turn a subsidiary of Müller.

Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages.

Warehouses usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets and then loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.

In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown. There are also godowns in the Shanghai Bund.
William Maule of Panmure
William Maule (fl.1348-) was the eldest son of Sir Walter Maule, Baron of Panmure and Benvie.  William succeeded as Baron in 1348 on his father's death.  He married Marion Fleming of Biggar, daughter of Lady Jane Barclay of Brechin.  He died before 1407 and left one son, Thomas Maule, who succeeded him as Baron, and one daughter, Janet Maule, who married Alexander Ochterlony of Kenny.

Brechin
Brechin (BREE-kin, /ˈbriːxɪn/; Scottish Gaelic: Breichin) is a town and former royal burgh in Angus, Scotland. Traditionally Brechin was described as a city because of its cathedral and its status as the seat of a pre-Reformation Roman Catholic diocese (which continues today as an episcopal seat of the Scottish Episcopal Church), but that status has not been officially recognised in the modern era.

Nevertheless, the designation is often used, with examples being the City of Brechin and District Community Council, City of Brechin and Area Partnership, City of Brechin Civic Trust and Brechin City Football Club. Kinnaird Castle is nearby. Brechin is located slightly closer to Dundee than Aberdeen on the A90 between the cities. It is the fourth largest settlement of Angus.
Harper (name)
Harper is an English, Scottish, and Irish surname that is also commonly used as a unisex given name in the United States.

In some cases, the surname originated from an occupational name, and is derived from the Middle English harper, harpere ("harper"). In other cases, the surname is derived from the Norman le Harpur. The surname can also be derived from the Gaelic Mac Chruiteir ("son of the harper").

Harper is also the Anglicization of the German family name Härpfer, also meaning "harper".

Harper was among the five most popular names for White newborn girls in the American state of Virginia in 2022. it was the tenth most popular name nationally for newborn girls in the United States in 2021. It has also increased in usage as a name for girls elsewhere in the Anglosphere. In 2022, it was the 34th most popular name given to girls in Canada.

Elaine Badgley Arnoux
Elaine Badgley Arnoux (née Helen Elaine Harper; April 20, 1926 – July 15, 2023), was an American visual artist. She was known for her portraits, drawings, sculptures, and a series of portraits of the mayors of San Francisco. Badgley Arnoux operated the Elaine Badgley Arnoux School of Art (EBA School of Art) in San Francisco, She also went by the names Elaine Stranahan, Elaine Badgley, Elaine Arnoux, and Elaine Kozloff.