hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Letters from Birmingham
Letters from Birmingham is the fifth studio album by American singer Ruben Studdard. It was released by Shanachie Records on March 13, 2012 in the United States. His debut with the label, Studdard worked with Elvis "BlacElvis" Williams, and Harold Lilly on most of the project. The album takes its title from Letter from Birmingham Jail, an open letter in response to "A Call for Unity" during the Birmingham campaign, penned on April 16, 1963 by Martin Luther King Jr. after he had been arrested in Alabama.

Open letter
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.

Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an individual but are provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Critical open letters addressed to political leaders are especially common.

Two of the most famous and influential open letters are J'accuse...! by Émile Zola to the president of France, accusing the French government of wrongfully convicting Alfred Dreyfus for alleged espionage; and Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 "Letter from Birmingham Jail", including the famous quotation "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere".
Jack Turley
Jack Bradford Turley (July 21, 1927 – January 19, 2021) was an American screenwriter. He was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team for his work on General Hospital. His credits included Gunsmoke, Bonanza, Tales of Wells Fargo, The Fugitive, Rawhide, Hawaii Five-O, O'Hara, U.S. Treasury, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Love Boat, Vega$ and 12 O'Clock High.

Turley died in January 2021, at the age of 93.

12 O'Clock High (TV series)
12 O'Clock High is an American military drama television series set in World War II. It was originally broadcast on ABC-TV for three seasons from September 1964 through January 1967 and was based on the 1949 film of the same name. The series was a co-production of 20th Century Fox Television (Fox had also produced the movie) and QM Productions (one of their few non-law-enforcement series). This show is one of the two QM shows not to display a copyright notice at the beginning, but rather at the end (the other was A Man Called Sloane) and the only one not to display the standard "A QM Production" closing card on the closing credits.
Nathaniel Bolton
Nathaniel Bolton (born July 1, 1968) is a former professional American and Canadian football player in the Canadian Football League (CFL) and World League of American Football (WLAF). During his career he played wide receiver for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL, and running back for the Frankfurt Galaxy of the WLAF, winning a World Bowl championship in 1995. Bolton played collegiately for Mississippi College.

World Bowl
The World Bowl was the annual American football championship game of the World League of American Football, later called NFL Europe. The World Bowl was played each year from 1991 to 2007 (except 1993 and 1994).

The first World Bowl was played in 1991 in London. With the 1995 relaunch of the World League with the North American teams removed, all subsequent World Bowls were played in Europe between European clubs. The only World Bowl to take place outside Europe was World Bowl '92 in Montreal, Canada.

The World Bowl trophy was a globe made of glass measuring 35.5 cm (14 inches) in diameter and weighing 18.6 kg (41 lbs).
John Bowman (screenwriter)
John Frederick Bowman (September 28, 1957 – December 28, 2021) was an American television writer and producer best known for co-creating the Fox sitcom Martin. He wrote for Saturday Night Live, The Show, and In Living Color. He also worked as the showrunner of Murphy Brown. Bowman won a Primetime Emmy Award for Saturday Night Live in 1989. He was nominated for two more, for In Living Color, in 1991 and 1992.

Murphy Brown
Murphy Brown is an American television sitcom created by Diane English that premiered on November 14, 1988, on CBS. The series stars Candice Bergen as the eponymous Murphy Brown, a famous investigative journalist and news anchor for FYI, a fictional CBS television newsmagazine, and later for Murphy in the Morning, a cable morning news show.

The series originally ran until May 18, 1998, after airing a total of 247 episodes over ten seasons. In January 2018, it was announced that CBS ordered a 13-episode revival of Murphy Brown, which premiered on September 27, 2018. CBS canceled the revival after one season on May 10, 2019.
Ceylon killifish
The Ceylon killifish (Sinhala: උඩ හඳයා, romanized: uda handaya; Aplocheilus dayi) is a species of killifish endemic to Sri Lanka. It grows to a length of 9 cm (3.5 in). Males and females have a black dot at the rear end of the base of the dorsal fin. Females lay 50–150 eggs. The specific name of this fish honours the Inspector-General of Fisheries in India Francis Day (1829–1889), who first reported this fish, although he identified it as Aplocheilus panchax.

Aplocheilidae
Aplocheilidae, the Asian killifishes or Asian rivulines, is a family of fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes found in Asia. Some authorities use this family-group name, which is well-established, for a single lumped aplocheiloid family as it gives the nomenclature stability over time and avoids the impact of a new name at family rank for a popular aquarium fish group. Following this proposal, Aplocheilidae would include three subfamilies: Aplocheilinae for the species from Asia, Madagascar and the Seychelles; Cynolebiinae (formerly called Rivulidae) for the species from the Americas; and Nothobranchiinae for the species from the African mainland. However, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World still classifies these as separate families, and at least one 2008 study suggests that even the narrow Aplocheilidae may not be monophyletic, with Aplocheilus itself possibly being basal to all other Cyprinodontiforms and thus only distantly related to the younger Pachypanchax.
HCS Research (1823)
HCS Research was a ship that the British East India Company (EIC) had built for it in 1823 at Fort Gloster (Calcutta) to serve as a survey ship. She is most famous for her 1827 voyage under the command of Captain Peter Dillon that discovered the fate of Count Lapérouse's expedition and its ships  Boussole and Astrolabe.

During the period 1824-26, the Burmese War diverted Research from her surveying duties. She received ten guns and Captain John Crawford, together with Messrs. C. B. Richardson and C.Montriou, of the Marine, as his officers, participated in the military operations. Mr. Rogers, the second officer, was killed in action at Avas.

The EIC sold Research at some point.

Research appeared in the Supplemental pages of the Register of Shipping in 1833. It reported her master as Ogilvie, her owner as Bruce and Co., and her trade as London to Calcutta. She was lost at Nursapore in 1835.

Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse
Chef d'escadre Jean François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (French: [lapeʁuz]; 23 August 1741 – c. 1788) was a French Navy officer and explorer. Having enlisted in the Navy at the age of 15, he had a successful career and in 1785 was appointed to lead a scientific expedition around the world. His ships stopped in Chile, Hawaii, Alaska, California, Macau, the Philippines, Korea, Russia, Japan, Samoa, Tonga, and Australia before wrecking on the reefs of Vanikoro in the Solomon Islands.
Gubernaculum testis
In the inguinal crest of a peculiar structure, the gubernaculum testis makes its appearance. This is at first a slender band, extending from that part of the skin of the groin which afterward forms the scrotum through the inguinal canal to the body and epididymis of the testis. The gubernaculum testis is homologous to the round ligament of the uterus in females.

Groin
In human anatomy, the groin, also known as the inguinal region or iliac region, is the junctional area between the torso and the thigh. The groin is at the front of the body on either side of the pubic tubercle, where the lower part of the abdominal wall meets the thigh. A fold or crease is formed at this junction known as the inguinal groove, or crease. This is also the area of the medial compartment of the thigh that contains attachments of the adductor muscles of the hip or the groin muscles. The groin is the common site for a hernia.
Matt Ruth
Matt Ruth (born December 1945 in Ballyragget, County Kilkenny) is an Irish former sportsman.  He played hurling and Gaelic football at various times with his local clubs, Old Christians, Commercials, and St Patrick's. He was a member of the Limerick and Kilkenny senior inter-county teams from 1973 until 1983. Ruth's son, Matthew, played minor hurling with Kilkenny in 2008.

Old Christians GAA Club
Old Christians GAA club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Limerick, Ireland. It was formed in 1962 for the development of the games of hurling and Gaelic football in the southern part of Limerick city. Since then, the club has gone on to develop a number of league and championship winning teams at all level and has contributed a number of players to Limerick County teams. These include Bernie Hartigan, who won an All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship with Limerick in 1973, and Ger Hegarty, who won a Munster title and a National Hurling League medal in the mid-1990s.
Hippolyte Point
Hippolyte Point (64°41′S 63°7′W﻿ / ﻿64.683°S 63.117°W﻿ / -64.683; -63.117) is a point which marks the northeast end of Lion Island, lying immediately east of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was charted and named by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache, 1897–99.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Yorkshire Dragons
The Yorkshire Dragons are an English professional basketball club based in Halifax, West Yorkshire. Founded in 2001, the Dragons currently compete in British Championship Basketball, the second tier of the British basketball system.

British Championship Basketball
British Championship Basketball (BCB) is a men's professional basketball league. Established in 2025, the competition replaces Division One of the National Basketball League (NBL) as the second-tier men's basketball competition in Great Britain.
Bakerloo (band)
Bakerloo (previously The Bakerloo Blues Line) were an English heavy blues-rock trio, established by Staffordshire guitarist David "Clem" Clempson, Terry Poole and others in the late 1960s, at the high point of the influence of The Jimi Hendrix Experience and Cream. Although the group was prominent only for around a year (1968–9) and released only one album, it played an important part in the history of the genre, especially in view of its members' subsequent involvement with Colosseum, Humble Pie, May Blitz, Graham Bond, Vinegar Joe, Judas Priest and Uriah Heep.

Power trio
A power trio is a rock band format having a lineup of electric guitar, bass guitar and drum kit, leaving out a dedicated vocalist or an additional rhythm guitar or keyboard instrument that are often used in other rock music bands that are quartets and quintets. Larger rock bands often use one or more additional rhythm sections to fill out the sound with chords and harmony parts.

Most power trios in hard rock and heavy metal music use the electric guitar player in two roles; during much of the song, they play rhythm guitar, playing the chord progression for the song and performing the song's important riffs, and then switching to a lead guitar role during the guitar solo. While one or more band members typically sing while playing their instruments, power trios in hard rock and heavy metal music generally emphasize instrumental performance and overall sonic impact over vocals and lyrics.
Gene Lau
Gene Lau (Chinese: 劉卓輝) is a Cantopop lyricist. Since the late 1980s, he has written lyrics for over 300 songs. He has written more than ten hit songs for Beyond, contributing much to the rock band's reputation, with "Lovers"《情人》, "The Great Wall" 《長城》, and "The Earth" 《大地》, all of which have become band classics. He was known as the Queen lyricist of Beyond, after writing 23 songs for the group. He has also collaborated with other artists such as Jacky Cheung, Eason Chan, Leon Lai and Danny Summer.

Lowell Lo
Lowell Lo Kwun Ting (Chinese: 盧冠廷, born 12 October 1950) is a Hong Kong singer-songwriter, actor and film composer. He wrote the film scores to many Hong Kong films, and in particular, the theme music of the Hong Kong Film Awards. He is now also an environmental activist.
Armadillo-class tanker
The Armadillo class of tankers was a class of Type Z-ET1-S-C3 Liberty ship, that were commissioned into the United States Navy.  They were given the hull classification symbols of unclassified miscellaneous vessels. Two would be converted to Stag-class distilling ships

This group of Liberty based tankers all served in the United States Navy during the Second World War.  Each ship was commissioned in late 1943, and decommissioned in the summer of 1946.  These ships primarily served in the Asiatic-Pacific theater - Pacific Ocean Areas and the South West Pacific Area.  These ships brought aviation gasoline to remote islands in the south Pacific, required for the many aerial reconnaissance missions there. Camel served primarily in the Central Pacific Area.

Leapfrogging (strategy)
Leapfrogging was an amphibious military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan during World War II. The key concept was to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target. The reasoning was that those heavily fortified  islands could simply be cut off from their supply chains (leading to their eventual capitulation) rather than needing to be overwhelmed by superior force, thus speeding up progress and reducing losses of troops and materiel. The strategy proved to be successful; although some Japanese garrisons survived longer than the Allies expected, the enemy troops were eventually completely isolated from their main supply chains and incapable of organizing an effective defense against Allied forces.
Udsikter fra Ulriken
"Udsigter fra Ulriken" (English: 'Views from Ulriken') is the town song of Bergen, Norway. It is also known as "Bergenssangen", "Bergensiana", "Jeg tok min nystemte" and among the public "Nystemten". The lyrics were written in 1790 by the priest, politician and poet Johan Nordahl Brun when he worked as vicar at Bergen Cathedral (later he became bishop of Bjørgvin). The melody is taken from an old French minuet.
Norwegian composer Johan Halvorsen wrote orchestral variations on the
melody under the name "Bergensiana". A notable performance was by Sissel Kyrkjebø in 1986, when she was 16 years old. It was her big breakthrough. She performed the song during the intermission of the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, which took place in Grieg Hall in Bergen.

Bergen Cathedral
Bergen Cathedral (Norwegian: Bergen domkirke) is a cathedral in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is the episcopal seat of the Church of Norway's Diocese of Bjørgvin as well as the seat of the "Bergen domkirke" parish and the seat of the Bergen domprosti (arch-deanery). It is part of the Church of Norway. The first recorded historical reference to this church is dated 1181. It retains its ancient dedication to Saint Olaf. The cathedral seats about 600 people.
Claudication
Claudication is a medical term usually referring to impairment in walking, or pain, discomfort, numbness, or tiredness in the legs that occurs during walking or standing and is relieved by rest.  The perceived level of pain from claudication can be mild to extremely severe.  Claudication is most common in the calves but it can also affect the feet, thighs, hips, buttocks, or arms. The word claudication comes from Latin  claudicare 'to limp'.

Claudication that appears after a short amount of walking may sometimes be described by US medical professionals by the number of typical city street blocks that the patient can walk before the onset of claudication. Thus, "one-block claudication" appears after walking one block, "two-block claudication" appears after walking two blocks, etc. The term block would be understood more exactly locally but is on the order of 100 meters (328 feet).

Walking
Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of terrestrial locomotion among legged animals. Walking is typically slower than running and other gaits. Walking is defined as an "inverted pendulum" gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step. This applies regardless of the usable number of limbs—even arthropods, with six, eight, or more limbs, walk. In humans, walking has health benefits including improved mental health and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and death.
Δ34S
The δ34S (pronounced delta 34 S) value is a standardized method for reporting measurements of the ratio of two stable isotopes of sulfur, 34S:32S, in a sample against the equivalent ratio in a known reference standard. The most commonly used standard is Vienna-Canyon Diablo Troilite (VCDT). Results are reported as variations from the standard ratio in parts per thousand, per mil or per mille, using the ‰ symbol. Heavy and light sulfur isotopes fractionate at different rates and the resulting δ34S values, recorded in marine sulfate or sedimentary sulfides, have been studied and interpreted as records of the changing sulfur cycle throughout the earth's history.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
A-League Women Goal of the Year
The A-League Women Goal of the Season is an annual soccer award for the player deemed to have scored the best goal in the preceding A-League Women season.

The award was first given following the 2008–09 season and has been awarded under the Dolan Warren Awards since. The first recipient of the award was Perth Glory's Marianna Tabain for her goal away at Adelaide United. The last recipient of the award was Melbourne Victory's Alana Jancevski for her goal at home against Sydney FC.

Adelaide United FC (women)
Adelaide United Football Club is an Australian women's soccer team based in Adelaide, South Australia. Founded in 2008, it is the affiliated women's team of Adelaide United. The team competes in the country's premier women's soccer competition, the A-League Women.
Mynydd Bach, Ceredigion
Mynydd Bach is a hamlet in the community of Pontarfynach, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 68.5 miles (110.3 km) from Cardiff and 170.7 miles (274.7 km) from London. Mynydd Bach is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
California Ballroom
The California Ballroom, nicknamed "Cali" and "Soul City", was a 2000-capacity music venue, being one of the United Kingdom's best-known soul music venues outside London. Located in Whipsnade Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, the venue was open from 1960 to 1979.

The opening act in 1960 was pop singer Russ Sainty.  Soul artists appearing included Stevie Wonder, Ike & Tina Turner, Roy Ayers, Brass Construction and Grover Washington, Jr. It also hosted rock acts including The Detours (later named The Who), The Rolling Stones, Cream, Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd, The Clash and The Damned, Killing Floor, Ten Years After, Jethro Tull, Chicken Shack and The Herd.

Ten Years After
Ten Years After is an English blues rock group formed in Nottingham in 1966. They had eight consecutive albums in the Top 40 on the UK Albums Chart between 1968 and 1973. They also had twelve albums enter the US Billboard 200. The band are best known for tracks such as "I'm Going Home", "Hear Me Calling", "I'd Love to Change the World" and "Love Like a Man".
Ohio State Route 278
State Route 278 (SR 278) is a north–south state highway located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. The southern terminus of SR 278 is at US 50 approximately 4.75 miles (7.64 km) east of McArthur.  The highway's northern terminus is at the T-intersection it has with SR 595 nearly 5.50 miles (8.85 km) northwest of Nelsonville.

Established in the early 1930s, SR 278 primarily connects rural communities in Vinton, Hocking, and Athens Counties.  In Vinton County, it passes through and provides access to the Zaleski State Forest and Lake Hope State Park.

Lake Hope State Park
Lake Hope State Park is a public recreation area encompassing 2,983 acres (1,207 ha) within Zaleski State Forest, located five miles (8.0 km) northeast of Zaleski in Vinton County, Ohio. The state park is centered on Lake Hope, a 120-acre (49 ha) impoundment on Big Sandy Run.
USS Amanda
USS Amanda was a bark acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

She was used by the Union Navy primarily as a gunboat stationed off Confederate ports to prevent their trading with foreign countries. Her gallant service with the Union Navy was cut short in 1863 when she ran aground and was destroyed.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
1986 Belfast South by-election
The 1986 Belfast South by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.

Belfast South (UK Parliament constituency)
Belfast South was a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons from 1885 to 1918 and from 1922 to 2024. From the 2024 general election, it was succeeded by the constituency of Belfast South and Mid Down.