hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mackie line
In photographic science, a Mackie line is an adjacency or border effect created during development, at the border between areas of high and low densities.

During developing, developer remains relatively fresh in an area of low density as less developing takes place, and consequently, developer oxidation product concentration remains relatively low. At the border between high and low density areas the relatively fresh developer diffuses laterally into the high density area and causes there a continuation of development. The result is an increased border density of the high density area.

The Mackie line effect belongs to the family of edge effects.  Edge effects include: Gelatin-, Ross-, Fringe-, Eberhard- and Kostinsky effects.

Photographic processing
Photographic processing or photographic development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders it insensitive to light.

All processes based upon the gelatin silver process are similar, regardless of the film or paper's manufacturer. Exceptional variations include instant films such as those made by Polaroid and thermally developed films.  Kodachrome required Kodak's proprietary K-14 process.  Kodachrome film production ceased in 2009, and K-14 processing is no longer available as of December 30, 2010. Ilfochrome materials use the dye destruction process. Deliberately using the wrong process for a film is known as cross processing.
Mazin (given name)
Mazin is an Arabic masculine given name which means "rain clouds".

Notable people with the name include:

Mazin Elsadig (born 1987), American actor

Mazin Abdellah Hilal Al Farrayeh (born 1969), Jordanian politician

Mazin Fayyadh  (born 1997), Iraqi football player

Mazin Gilbert, American engineer

Mazin Ahmed Al-Huthayfi (born 1985), Saudi Arabian football player

Mazin Abu Kalal (died 2013), Iraqi politician

Mazin Al-Kasbi (born 1993), Omani football player

Mazin Qumsiyeh (born 1957), Palestinian scientist

Mazin Shooni (born 1961), Iraqi-American three-cushion billiards player

Mazin Qumsiyeh
Mazin Butros Qumsiyeh (Arabic: مازن بطرس قُمصية, born 1957 in Beit Sahour) is a Palestinian scientist and author, founder and director of the Palestine Museum of Natural History (PMNH) and the Palestine Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainability (PIBS) at Bethlehem University where he teaches. After serving on the faculties of the University of Tennessee (1989–1993), Duke University (1993–1999), and Yale University (1999–2005), he now researches and teaches at Bethlehem and Birzeit Universities since 2008. Here Qumsiyeh joined with other professors to introduce the first Biotechnology Masters program in the region. Over the course of his career he has published well over 150 scientific papers on topics ranging from cultural heritage to biodiversity in addition to several books. He also serves on the board of a number of Palestinian youth and service organizations such as Al-Rowwad Children Theater and Siraj Center.
Jordon Poole
Jordon Poole (born 2 April 1997) is an English rugby union hooker who plays for Coventry in the RFU Championship.  He previously played for Exeter Chiefs in Premiership Rugby and Leeds Tykes in the RFU Championship. His playing position is Hooker.

Coventry R.F.C.
Coventry Rugby Football Club is a professional rugby union club based in Coventry, England. The club enjoyed great success during the 1960s and 70s, with many players representing their countries. Coventry's home ground is the Nick Newbold Stadium (formerly known as Butts Park Arena), which opened in 2004. Between 1921 and 2004, the club played at Coundon Road. The club plays in Champ Rugby (the second tier of the English rugby union system) following their promotion from the 2017–18 National League 1.
Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Saint Thomas (Danish: Sankt Thomas, Spanish: Santo Tomás, French: Saint-Thomas) is one of the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea, and a constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. Along with surrounding minor islands, it is one of three county equivalents in the USVI. Together with Saint John, it forms one of the districts of the USVI. The territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie is located on the island.

Of the three islands, St. Thomas is the second largest, with St. Croix being the largest, and St. John, the smallest. As of the 2010 census, the population of Saint Thomas was 51,634, about 48.5% of the total population of the United States Virgin Islands. Crown Mountain is the highest point in Saint Thomas and in the entire United States Virgin Islands. Hence, it is called "Rock City". The island has a land area of 32 square miles (83 km2).

D. Hamilton Jackson
David Hamilton Jackson (September 28, 1884 – May 30, 1946) was a labor rights advocate in the Danish West Indies, later the United States Virgin Islands. Jackson was an important figure in the struggle for increased civil rights and workers' rights on the islands. He petitioned for freedom of the press, and organized the St. Croix Labor Union. Following the transfer of the territory to American control in 1917, he lobbied for US citizenship for the islanders.
Disperis
Disperis is a genus of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It has about 78 species. Most of the species are from tropical and southern Africa, as well as Indian Ocean islands. A few are native to the tropical or the warmer subtropical regions of Asia and Malesia.

Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Amshi de Silva
Amshi de Silva (born 11 November 2001) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his List A debut on 27 October 2021, for Colombo Cricket Club in the 2021–22 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament. Prior to his List A debut, he was named in Sri Lanka's squad for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

In April 2022, Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) named him in the Sri Lanka Emerging Team's squad for their tour to England. On 25 May 2022, during the tour of England, he made his Twenty20 debut, against Surrey. In June 2022, he was named in the Sri Lanka A squad for their matches against Australia A during Australia's tour of Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka A cricket team
The Sri Lanka A cricket team is a national cricket team representing Sri Lanka. It is the second-tier of international Sri Lankan cricket, below the full Sri Lanka national cricket team. Matches played by Sri Lanka A are not considered to be Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification, respectively. Sri Lanka A played their first match on 2 February 1991, a 45-over contest against England A that the Sri Lankans won by 4 wickets.

Sri Lanka A have played a number of series, both home and away against other national A teams, and competed against other first-class opposition.

Sri Lanka A Cricket team has the world record for the highest 7th wicket partnership in List A history(Rangana Herath & Thilina Kandamby put on 203*)

5 different captains have led the Sri Lanka A team in T20 matches.
Ross Dunning
Ross William Dunning AC FCILT FAIM FIEAust FIRSE (born 4 March 1942) served as the Commissioner for Railways in Queensland, President of the Australian Railways Association and as chairman and director for a number of public and listed companies including Chairman of Port of Brisbane Corporation, Chairman of Port of Townsville Limited, Chairman of the Central Queensland Ports Authority, Director General of Administrative Services for the Queensland Government from 1990 to 1994, Director of Brisbane Airport Corporation Pty Ltd. and many others.

In 2002 he was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) "For service to the development of transport systems, particularly the development of modern and efficient rail services, to the export economy, to the construction industry, and to the community through support for cultural activities and charitable organisations."

Institution of Railway Signal Engineers
The Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) is a worldwide professional body for all those engaged or interested in railway signalling and telecommunications (S&T) and allied disciplines. Half its members are in the UK and half are outside it.
Amelia (Laurie Anderson album)
Amelia is the eighth solo studio album by American avant-garde musician Laurie Anderson. It was released on August 30, 2024, through Nonesuch Records, making it her third album for the label. Produced by Anderson herself, it features contributions from Anohni, Filharmonie Brno, Trimbach Trio, Martha Mooke, Marc Ribot, Kenny Wollesen, Tony Sherr and Ryan Kelly. The album debuted at number 41 in Switzerland, number 46 in Scotland and number 74 in Portugal. The album is a mixture of musical and spoken word performance by Anderson.

The album tributes Amelia Earhart, an American aviation pioneer, who disappeared in the vicinity of an isolated island in the western Pacific Ocean in 1937 and was declared dead in 1939.

Nonesuch Records
Nonesuch Records is an American record company and label owned by Warner Music Group, distributed by Warner Records (formerly Warner Bros. Records), and based in New York City. Founded by Jac Holzman in 1964 as a budget classical label, Nonesuch has developed into a label that records a wide range of music genres. Robert Hurwitz was president of the company from 1984 to 2017.
Hundred Thousand Martyrs of Tbilisi
The Hundred Thousand Martyrs (Georgian: ასი ათასი მოწამე, romanized: asi atasi mots'ame; originally, ათნი ბევრნი მოწამენი, at'ni bevrni mots'ameni) are saints of the Georgian Orthodox Church, who were put to death, according to the 14th-century anonymous Georgian Chronicle of a Hundred Years, for not renouncing Christianity by the Khwarazmian sultan Jalal al-Din upon his capture of the Georgian capital of Tbilisi in 1226. The source claims the number of those killed were 100,000. The Georgian church commemorates them on 13 November (O.S. 31 October).

The Georgian Chronicles
The Georgian Chronicles is the principal compendium of medieval Georgian historical texts, natively known as The Life of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლის ცხოვრება, romanized: kartlis tskhovreba)—Kartli being a core region of ancient and medieval Georgia, known to the Classical and Byzantine authors as Iberia.

The chronicles are also known as The Georgian Royal Annals, for they were essentially the official corpus of history of the Kingdom of Georgia.
Arelle Middleton
Arelle Middleton (born February 9, 2008) is an American para track and field athlete who competes in shot put and discus throw. She is a World Champion and Paralympic Games silver medalist in shot put. She also plays wheelchair basketball.

Chino High School
Chino High School (CHS), located in Chino, California is one of the four regular high schools in the Chino Valley Unified School District. The school was established in 1897, making it one of the oldest schools in Southern California. Chino High moved from its original location in 1951 to its present location at Park Place and Benson Ave.
1934 Claxton Shield
The 1934 Claxton Shield was the first annual Claxton Shield, an Australian national baseball tournament. It was held at the Adelaide Oval and Hindmarsh Oval in Adelaide from 5 to 12 August, and was won by the hosts South Australia. The other participating teams were New South Wales and Victoria.

The tournament was the first of what would be an ongoing series of regular national tournaments. Prior to 1934, there had been interstate tournaments, where one state would host only one of the others for a series of games, and there had been two national tournaments, the first in 1910 with New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria, the second in 1912 which also included South Australia, both of which were won by New South Wales. Though the specifics of the tournament's format would change over the years, with the exception of the suspension due to World War II, the tournament would continue through to 1988 as the highest level of baseball in the country.

Hindmarsh Stadium
Hindmarsh Stadium (also known as Coopers Stadium under naming rights) is a multi-purpose stadium in Hindmarsh, an inner western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is the home of the Australian A-League team, Adelaide United.

The stadium has a capacity of 16,500, of which 15,000 is seated, and is home to professional football (soccer) A-League team Adelaide United, who regularly fill this capacity, and averaged crowds of over 12,000 to its matches during the 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasons. United used the stadium for its home matches in both the league and in various AFC Champions League campaigns. The venue hosted five matches during the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup and underwent a redevelopment to the eastern stand in preparation.
Wosret
Wosret, Waset, or Wosyet meaning "the powerful female one" was an Egyptian goddess whose cult was centered on Thebes in Upper Egypt and her name was the same as the Egyptian name of the city, Waset. She was a minor goddess, but three pharaohs during the Twelfth Dynasty plus an additional one during the second intermediate peroiod incorporated her name into theirs: Senwosret, or Senusret, means "man of Wosret".

Wosret was rarely depicted, and no temples to her have been identified. When she was depicted, it was wearing a tall crown with the Was "power" sceptre (which was related to her name) upon her head and carrying other weapons such as spears and a bow and arrows.

She was Amun's first wife (John Ray calls her "the theological equivalent of the girl next door"), and was replaced by Mut, although it is possible that Mut is simply a later name for Wosret.

Senusret
Senusret (Greek: Sesostris; also transcribed as Senwosret based on Coptic; and as Usertesen in older literature) is the name of several Ancient Egyptians:

Senusret I, pharaoh (12th Dynasty)

Senusret II, pharaoh (12th Dynasty)

Senusret III, pharaoh (12th Dynasty)
Sesostris, pharaoh described by Herodotus, possibly to be identified with one or more of the above

Senusret IV, pharaoh (13th or 16th Dynasty)

Senusret (vizier)

Senusret (nomarch), 12th Dynasty nomarch at Elkab
Muiredach mac Eochocáin
Muiredach mac Eochocáin (died 895) or Muiredach mac Eochucáin was a Dál Fiatach king of Ulaid, which is now Ulster, Ireland. He was the son of Eochocán mac Áedo (died 883), a previous king of Ulaid. He ruled as leth-rí (half-king or co-ruler) of Ulaid from 893-895

He may have ruled jointly with Máel Mocheirge mac Indrechtaig (died 896) of the Leth Cathail (Lecale) branch of the Dal Fiatach. His cousin and predecessor Bécc mac Airemóin had been slain by Aitíth mac Laigni (died 898) of the Uí Echach Cobo in 893. Muiredach was also killed by Aitíth in 895.

Rí
Rí, or commonly ríg (genitive), is an ancient Gaelic word meaning 'king'. It is used in historical texts referring to the Irish and Scottish kings, and those of similar rank. While the Modern Irish word is exactly the same, in modern Scottish Gaelic it is rìgh, apparently derived from the genitive. Cognates include Gaulish Rix, Latin rex/regis, Spanish rey, French roi, Sanskrit raja, and German Reich.

There were three grades of rí: a ruiri or 'overking' was a major, regional king and superior to a rí túath 'king of tribes' or a rí buiden 'king of bands' either of whom, in turn, were superior to several figures known as rí benn 'king of peaks' or rí túaithe 'king of a tribe'.
2016–17 North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team
The 2016–17 North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team represented North Dakota State University in the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bison, led by third-year head coach David Richman, played their home games at the Scheels Center in Fargo, North Dakota and were members of The Summit League. They finished the season 19–11, 11–5 in Summit League play to finish in second place. They were upset by IUPUI in the quarterfinals of the Summit League tournament.

2017 Summit League men's basketball tournament
The 2017 Summit League men's basketball tournament was the post-season men's basketball tournament for the Summit League. The tournament was held from March 4–7, 2017 at the Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The winners of the tournament, South Dakota State, received an automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA tournament with a 79–77 win over Omaha in the finals. This was South Dakota State's fourth championship in six years.
Adiong
Adiong is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ansaruddin Alonto Adiong, Filipino politician

Mamintal Adiong Jr. (born 1965), Filipino politician

Mamintal Adiong Sr. (1936–2004), Filipino politician

Nassef Manabilang Adiong, Filipino academic

Soraya Bedjora Adiong (1944–2024), Filipino politician

Mamintal Adiong Jr.
Datu Mamintal "Bombit" Alonto Adiong Jr. (born March 17, 1965) is a Filipino politician who currently serves as the governor of the province of Lanao del Sur from 2007 to 2016, and from 2019 up to present.
Sylvain Bouchard
Sylvain Bouchard (born April 12, 1970 in Lorretteville, Quebec) is a Canadian long track speed skater. He won the 1000m event at the 1998 World Single Distance Championships. He competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics, finishing 4th at the 500m event and 5th at the 1000m event. He also competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics, finishing 4th on 500m and 5th on 1000m. He earned the world record time in the 1000m event in 1995 and 1998. He retired from competition the same year.

Loretteville, Quebec City
Loretteville (French pronunciation: [lɔʁɛtvil]) is a former city in central Quebec, Canada. It was amalgamated into Quebec City on  January 1, 2002. It is located within the borough of La Haute-Saint-Charles, and also contains the upmarket neighbourhood of Montchâtel.
Browser wars
A browser war is a competition for dominance in the usage share of web browsers. The "first browser war" (1995–2001) occurred between Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator, and the "second browser war" (2004–2017) between Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome.

With the introduction of HTML5 in 2008 and CSS 3 in 2011, a new generation of browser wars began, this time considering extensive client-side scripting to the World Wide Web (WWW), and the more widespread use of smartphones and other mobile devices for web browsing. These changes have ensured that browser battles continue among enthusiasts, while the average web user is less affected.

Long-term support
Long-term support (LTS) is a product lifecycle management policy in which a stable release of computer software is maintained for a longer period of time than the standard edition. The term is typically reserved for open-source software, where it describes a software edition that is supported for months or years longer than the software's standard edition. This is often called an extended-support release.

Short-term support (STS) is a term that distinguishes the support policy for the software's standard edition. STS software has a comparatively short life cycle, and may be afforded new features that are omitted from the LTS edition to avoid potentially compromising the stability or compatibility of the LTS release.
Work That Magic
"Work That Magic" is a song by American singer and songwriter Donna Summer. It was written by her with Keith Diamond, Eve Nelson, Anthony Smith and Larry Henley and produced by Diamond. The song was released on November 18, 1991, by Atlantic and Warner Bros. Records (Europe), as the second and final single from Summer's fifteenth studio album, Mistaken Identity (1991). In some countries' editions of the album (including the UK), the version of the song was a remix by Ian Stanley. The edited version of the remix was used in the song's music video. This version was released as a single in the UK (in place of "When Love Cries", which had been a single in America and Europe). While most of the album had quite an urban feel, this song was much more of a dance number. It peaked at number 74 in the UK Singles Chart.

Ian Stanley
Ian Christopher Stanley (born 28 February 1957) is a British musician, songwriter and record producer. He was a member of Tears for Fears for most of the 1980s, and played a key role in the making of their multi-platinum-selling second studio album Songs from the Big Chair.
Sogra
Sogra (Russian: Согра) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Sogra, Kotlassky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Votlazhemsky Selsoviet of Kotlassky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast; 61°06′N 46°38′E﻿ / ﻿61.100°N 46.633°E﻿ / 61.100; 46.633

Sogra, Verkhnetoyemsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Gorkovsky Selsoviet of Verkhnetoyemsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast; 62°41′N 46°12′E﻿ / ﻿62.683°N 46.200°E﻿ / 62.683; 46.200

Sogra, Kostroma Oblast, a selo in Belkovskoye Settlement of Vokhomsky District in Kostroma Oblast; 58°59′N 46°32′E﻿ / ﻿58.983°N 46.533°E﻿ / 58.983; 46.533

Sogra, Omsk Oblast, a village in Serebryansky Rural Okrug of Gorkovsky District in Omsk Oblast; 55°43′N 74°15′E﻿ / ﻿55.717°N 74.250°E﻿ / 55.717; 74.250

Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast (Russian: Костромска́я о́бласть, romanized: Kostromskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma and its population as of the 2021 Census is 580,976. It was formed on August 13, 1944 on the territory detached from neighboring Yaroslavl Oblast.

Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century. Its major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev.
Alfred Høy
Alfred Severin Høy (17 August 1885 – 17 June 1970) was a Norwegian engineer. He was born in Drammen, a son of Carl Anton Høy and Laurentze Margrethe Skougaard. He worked for Meraker Smelteverk from 1919, and was appointed manager of the plant from 1941 to 1950.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
Majdan (mountain in Kosovo)
Majdan (Serbian Cyrillic: Мајдан) is a mountain peak forming part of the Kopaonik mountain range in Kosovo. Majdan reaches a top height of 1,246m and is located a few kilometres north-east of the city of Mitrovica. The Ibar River flows on the western side of the mountain. Beowulf Mining drills the peak.

Ibar (river)
The Ibar (Serbian Cyrillic: Ибар, pronounced [îbar]) or Ibër (Albanian definite form: Ibri), is a river that flows through Montenegro, Kosovo and Serbia, with a total length of 272 km (169 mi). The river begins in the Hajla mountain, in Rožaje, eastern Montenegro, and passes through southwestern Serbia and northern Kosovo, where it leads back into Serbia to flow into the West Morava river near Kraljevo.

The Ibar belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin. Its own drainage area is 7,925 km2 (3,060 sq mi), with an average discharge of 60 m3/s (2,100 cu ft/s) at the mouth. It is not navigable.