hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guide for the Halakhic Minyan
Guide for the Halakhic Minyan is a work published to provide Jewish worship groups, especially partnership minyans, with halachic sources that support the participation of women in leadership roles in traditional worship services, including the reading from the Torah scroll, haftara, and other special biblical readings, such as the Book of Esther on the Jewish holiday of Purim.

Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Hebrew: יָמִים טוֹבִים, romanized: yāmīm ṭōvīm, lit. 'Good Days', or singular Hebrew: יוֹם טוֹב‎ Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew [English: /ˈjɔːm ˈtɔːv, joʊm ˈtoʊv/]), are holidays observed by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar. They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from four sources: mitzvot ("biblical commandments"), rabbinic mandates, the history of Judaism, and the State of Israel.

Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (based on the cycles of both the sun and moon), whereas the Gregorian is a solar calendar. Each holiday can only occur on certain days of the week, four for most, but five for holidays in Tevet and Shevat and six for Hanukkah (see Days of week on Hebrew calendar).
Robert Maguire (architect)
Robert "Bob" Alfred Maguire (1931–2019) was an influential British modernist architect and leading thinker in the British liturgical architectural movement of the Church of England. Maguire's St Paul's Church at Bow Common was voted the best church of the 20th century in the United Kingdom.

Bow Common
Bow Common was an area of common land, that lay on Bow Common Lane in what is now the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Despite the name, the common lay just inside Mile End's parish boundary with Bromley by Bow, and not in the parish of Bow which was further to the north.

The term is also used to refer to the locale around the former common, on both sides of the parish boundary.
Value Expectations
Value Expectations (VE) is a stock blog and investment newsletter. Value Expectations was created by Dan Obrycki and Rafael Resendes, the founders of The Applied Finance Group and Toreador Research and Trading.
 Value Expectations is an interface for investors and is meant to serve as an outlet covering topics on corporate performance and equity valuation.

Dan Obrycki
Dan Obrycki is the co-founder of The Applied Finance Group. Obrycki and Rafael Resendes together created Economic Margin (EM), AFG's proprietary framework, to evaluate corporate performance from an economic cash flow perspective. Obrycki is the head of AFG's main office in Chicago.
Baume Abbey
Baume Abbey, in its village of Baume-les-Messieurs, Jura, France, was founded as a Benedictine abbey not far from the still-travelled Roman road linking Besançon and Lyon. It stands near the source of the Dard. Around it the village of Baume-les-Messieurs is congregated. The abbey is known for its sixteenth-century retable.

Dard (river)
The Dard is a short (2.1 km) tributary of the Seille de Beaume in the  department of Jura in France. The Dard rises in the steephead valley known as the Reculée de Baume, and flows through the valley to the village of Baume-les-Messieurs, where it joins the Seille de Beaume. At its source there is a notable series of show caves, which can be visited.
2022 Pro-Line 225
The 2022 Pro-Line 225  was a NASCAR Pinty's Series race that was held on June 26, 2022. Originally scheduled to be held on June 25, it was pushed back due to rain. It was contested over 225 laps on the 3⁄8-mile (0.60 km) oval. It was the 4th race of the 2022 NASCAR Pinty's Series season, as well as the inaugural race at the Eastbound International Speedway. Marc-Antoine Camirand collected his first victory of the season, and the third of his career.

2022 NASCAR Pinty's Series
The 2022 NASCAR Pinty's Series was the sixteenth season of the Pinty's Series, the national stock car racing series in Canada sanctioned by NASCAR. It began with the NTN Ultimate Bearing Experience 250 at Sunset Speedway on May 14 and concluded with the race at Delaware Speedway on September 25.

Louis-Philippe Dumoulin entered the season as the defending series champion. Marc-Antoine Camirand won the championship, his first title in the Pinty's series.
Lithuanian name
A Lithuanian personal name, as in most European cultures, consists of two main elements: the given name (vardas) followed by the family name (pavardė). The usage of personal names in Lithuania is generally governed (in addition to personal taste and family custom) by three major factors: civil law, canon law, and tradition. Lithuanian names always follow the rules of the Lithuanian language. Lithuanian male names have preserved the Indo-European masculine endings (-as; -is; -us). These gendered endings are preserved even for foreign names.

Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A double diminutive is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one.
HD 165189 and HD 165190
HD 165189 and HD 165190 are components of a visual binary star system located 143 light years away in the southern constellation of Corona Australis. It is visible to the naked eye with the primary having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.929±0.025. The system is a member of the Beta Pictoris Moving Group.

The pair orbit each other with a period of 450 years and a large eccentricity of 0.650. They have a projected separation of 70.1 AU. Both components are A-type main-sequence stars; the primary has a stellar classification of A6 V while the secondary is A7 V. They have similar masses of 1.59 and 1.58 times the mass of the Sun, respectively.

Glossary of astronomy
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of sophisticated terminology.
William Hamilton MacFarland
William Hamilton MacFarland (February 9, 1799 – January 10, 1872) was a Virginia politician. He was born in Lunenburg County, Virginia and later served in the House of Burgesses from 1822 to 1824 and from 1830 to 1831. He was elected to the Provisional Confederate Congress and served from 1861 to 1862.

Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
The Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, fully the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States of America, was a unicameral congress of deputies and delegates called together from the Southern States which became the governing body of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States from February 4, 1861, to February 17, 1862. It sat in Montgomery, Alabama, until May 21, 1861, when it adjourned to meet in Richmond, Virginia, on July 20, 1861. In both cities, it met in the existing state capitols which it shared with the respective secessionist state legislatures. It added new members as other separatist states seceded from the Union and directed the election on November 6, 1861, at which a permanent government was elected.
Excess profits tax
An excess profits tax (EPT) is a tax on returns or profits which exceed risk-adjusted normal returns. The concept of excess profit is very similar to that of economic rent. Excess profit taxes are usually imposed on monopolist industries.

Excess profits taxes have often, but not exclusively, been imposed during wartime or in response to an event which provides some with an extraordinary ability to earn windfall gains. Windfall taxes have often been proposed, and sometimes imposed, in order to discourage profiteering from temporary increases in resource prices, such as those for oil or gas. Wartime excess profits taxes, or War Profits Taxes, have been employed to reduce perverse incentives to engage in war profiteering.

Profit (accounting)
Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the  owner in a  profitable market production process (business). Profit is a measure of profitability which is the owner's major interest in the income-formation process of market production. There are several profit measures in common use.

Income formation in market production is always a balance between income generation and income distribution. The income generated is always distributed to the stakeholders of production as economic value within the review period. The profit is the share of income formation the owner is able to keep to themselves in the income distribution process. Profit is one of the major sources of  economic well-being because it means incomes and opportunities to develop production. The words "income", "profit" and "earnings" are synonyms in this context.
Samuel T. Logan
Samuel Talbot Logan Jr. (born October 26, 1943) is an American ecclesiastical historian and Presbyterian minister. He is professor of Church history at Biblical Theological Seminary and former president of Westminster Theological Seminary. He served as president from 1991 to 2005. He is an ordained minister in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Logan's tenure was abruptly terminated in 2005 by the seminary's board of trustees due to their perception that he was too inclusive of liberal scholarship.

Missio Seminary
Missio Seminary is an interdenominational Evangelical Christian seminary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The seminary was previously known as Biblical Theological Seminary but changed to its current name in 2018. It is located on the site of Franklin Music Hall, formerly the Electric Factory.
Aromatic-amino-acid transaminase
In enzymology, an aromatic-amino-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.57) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate  an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aromatic amino acid and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are aromatic oxo acid and L-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is aromatic-amino-acid:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include aromatic amino acid aminotransferase, aromatic aminotransferase, and ArAT.  This enzyme participates in 6 metabolic pathways: methionine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, novobiocin biosynthesis, and alkaloid biosynthesis i.  It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Novobiocin
Novobiocin, also known as albamycin, is an aminocoumarin antibiotic that is produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces niveus, which is a heterotypic synonym for S. spheroides a member of the class Actinomycetia. Other aminocoumarin antibiotics include clorobiocin and coumermycin A1. Novobiocin was first reported in the mid-1950s (then called streptonivicin).
Hambach, Moselle
Hambach (French pronunciation: [ambax]; Lorraine Franconian: Hombach) is a town and commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It belongs to the historic region of Lorraine and is close to Sarreguemines and the German border.

The major manufacturing plant of British company Ineos Automotive, who are building the Grenadier 4x4 is located in Hambach.

Lorraine Franconian
Lorraine Franconian (native name: Plàtt or lottrìnger Plàtt; French: francique lorrain or platt lorrain; German: Lothringisch) is an ambiguous designation for dialects of West Central German (German: Westmitteldeutsch), a group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle department of the former northeastern French region of Lorraine (See Linguistic boundary of Moselle).
Velykyi Buialyk
Velykyi Buialyk (Ukrainian: Великий Буялик, Bulgarian: Голям Буялък) is a village in Berezivka Raion, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Velykyi Buialyk rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village has a population of 1,694.

Established as Velykyi Buialyk in 1802 by Bulgarian refugees from the Ottoman Empire, the village was renamed in 1923 as Blahoіeve (Russian Blagoievo) after the Bulgarian thinker Dimitar Blagoev.

Until 18 July 2020, Velykyi Buialyk belonged to Ivanivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Ivanivka Raion was merged into Berezivka Raion.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Target Hill Park
Target Hill Park is a  9-hectare (22-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Crawley in West Sussex. It is owned by Crawley Borough Council and managed by the council and Gatwick Greenspace Partnership.

The diverse habitats in this park include ponds, wetlands, woodlands, meadows and scrub. There are reptiles such as slow-worms, adders and common lizards, while butterflies include skippers, meadow brown, small heaths and ringlets.

There is access from Buchan Country Park and Hobbs Road.

Crawley Borough Council
Crawley Borough Council is the local authority for Crawley in West Sussex, England. It consists of 36 councillors and is currently controlled by the Labour Party, led by Michael Jones. The administrative headquarters are at Crawley Town Hall.
Vale of Montgomery
The Vale of Montgomery (Welsh: Dyffryn Trefaldwyn) is an area of low land straddling the border between Shropshire, England and the former county of Montgomeryshire (part of modern Powys), Wales. The three principal settlements within it are the former county town of Montgomery (Welsh: Trefaldwyn) and the village of Churchstoke (Welsh: Yr Ystog), both in Wales, and Chirbury in England. The earthworks of Offa's Dyke run NNW-ESE through the middle of the vale and are followed by the Offa's Dyke Path. The national boundary also follows this monument for 3 km within the vale. The River Camlad rises to the southeast of the vale whilst its tributary the Caebitra rises to its southwest. They combine at Churchstoke and flow north within a gorge along the eastern margin of the vale, before turning west across the north end of the vale to join the River Severn.

Offa's Dyke Path
Offa's Dyke Path (Welsh: Llwybr Clawdd Offa)  is a long-distance footpath loosely following the Wales–England border. Officially opened on 10 July 1971, by Lord Hunt, it is one of Britain's National Trails and draws walkers from throughout the world. About 60 miles (97 km) of the 177-mile (285 km) route either follows, or keeps close company with, the remnants of Offa's Dyke, an earthwork traditionally thought to have been constructed in the late 8th century on the orders of King Offa of Mercia.
Frederick Condit
Frederick T. Condit (March 27, 1852 – January 1933) was an American lawyer from  Merrillan, Wisconsin who served one term as an Independent Greenback member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Jackson County.

Jackson County, Wisconsin
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,145. Its county seat is Black River Falls. Jackson County was formed from Crawford County in 1853. It was named for President Andrew Jackson.
Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Conjunto
The Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Conjunto (formerly the Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Conjunto/Traditional from the 11th and 12th awards ceremony) is an honor presented annually by the Texas Talent Musicians Association (TTMA). Musicians nominated for this category are performers of the conjunto style of Tejano music.

Current holder, the Hometown Boys are tied with David Lee Garza for most wins at five. While Elida Reyna remains the only female musician to have won the award, Linda Escobar has been the most nominated female singer with three nominations.

Tejano music
Tejano music (Spanish: música tejana), also known as Tex-Mex music, is a popular music style fusing Mexican influences. Its evolution began in northern Mexico (a variation of regional Mexican music known as norteño).

It reached a larger audience in the late 20th century with the popularity of performers and groups such as Mazz, Selena, La Mafia, Ram Herrera, La Sombra, Elida Reyna, Elsa García, Laura Canales, Intocable, Jay Perez, Emilio Navaira, Esteban "Steve" Jordan, Shelly Lares, David Lee Garza y Los Musicales, Jennifer Peña and La Fiebre.
2014–15 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1
The 2014–15 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 (Tunisian Professional League) season was the 89th season of top-tier football in Tunisia. The competition began on 13 August 2014 and ended on 2 June 2015. The defending champions from the previous season were Espérance de Tunis.

CS Sfaxien
Club Sportif Sfaxien (Arabic: النادي الرياضي الصفاقسي), known as CS Sfaxien or simply CSS colloquially, is a Tunisian football club based in Sfax. The club was founded in 1928 and its colours are black and white (Bianconero). Their home stadium, Taieb Mhiri Stadium, has a capacity of 12,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
Mighty Birds
Mighty Birds are a former South African football club from the Soweto area of Johannesburg. The club was formed by a splinter group from Moroka Swallows F.C. whose nickname is the Mighty Birds.

In 1985, several popular Moroka Swallows players including Aaron Makhathini decided to form the club and affiliate it to the NPSL, the league that Moroka Swallows had recently vacated to join the newly formed NSL. This would mean that Moroka Swallows would lose key players to the newly formed club. Some Moroka Swallows fans took exception to this and on 12 April 1985, Makathini was killed on his doorstep in Pimville. In addition two executive members of the Swallows team were arrested and later released for his murder.

Moroka Swallows F.C.
Moroka Swallows Football Club (often referred to as Swallows or The Birds) was a South African professional football club based in Soweto, Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province.

Founded in 1947, Swallows were one of the original two Soweto clubs, together with Orlando Pirates, thus contesting what is known as the Original Soweto Derby.

Until relegation in the 2014–15 season, the club had played every season of the Premiership.

Swallows won the 2019–20 National First Division and competed in the 2020–21 South African Premiership, finishing 6th in what was the club's first season back in top-flight football league system and qualified for 2021 MTN 8 competition. Swallows played its home matches at the Dobsonville Stadium.
David M. Apatang
David Mundo Apatang (born July 10, 1948) is a Northern Mariana Islander politician who is currently serving as the 11th governor of the Northern Mariana Islands.

He previously served as the 13th lieutenant governor of the Northern Mariana Islands from January 2023 to July 2025, and as mayor of Saipan from January 2015 to January 2023. As a Republican, Apatang used to serve in the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives. Apatang was elected lieutenant governor of the Northern Mariana Islands in the 2022 election on an independent ticket headed by Arnold Palacios. He assumed the governorship following the death of Palacios on July 23, 2025.

Republican Party (Northern Mariana Islands)
The CNMI Republican Party is a political party in the Northern Mariana Islands. The Northern Mariana Islands Republican Party is now associated with the United States Republican Party though no Northern Mariana Islands politicians have achieved high-ranking positions in the mainland United States.
Webers of Fishponds
Webers of Fishponds was a chocolate company in Fishponds, Bristol.

The Swiss chocolatier Mr Weber opened his chocolate factory on Goodneston Road, in Fishponds, in 1914 and joined the well established Bristol chocolate industry which included Fry's, Carsons and Cadburys. The cholocolate range included dark chocolate. Mr Weber was a noted radio enthusiast and early radio broadcaster.

In 1941 the factory was taken over by Thrissells Engineering and by January 1942 they were manufacturing breech casings and barrels for Oerlikon 20mm cannons. At its peak the factory employed 420 wartime staff who produced over 5,300 guns during World War II, and it is said they accounted for 1,026 enemy aircraft. A limited amount of chocolate production continued alongside the gun manufacturing line.

After the war, Mr Weber's son took over the running of the factory until it closed in 1964. The site is now owned by Diamonite Aircraft Furnishings.

Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
The Oerlikon 20 mm cannon is a series of autocannons based on an original German Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon design that appeared very early in World War I.  It was widely produced by Oerlikon Contraves and others, with various models employed by both Allied and Axis forces during World War II. Many versions of the cannon are still used.
Comparison of train and tram tracks
Railways and tramways incorporate track on which rail vehicles travel over two parallel steel beams, called rails. The rails, anchored by a variety of fixtures, in turn support and guide the vehicles' wheels. The vehicles are of two main types: either trains or trams (also termed "light rail vehicles"), the former being much heavier than the latter. This difference necessitates two separate criteria in designing and manufacturing train and tram tracks.

Parallel (geometry)
In geometry, parallel lines are coplanar infinite straight lines that do not intersect at any point. Parallel planes are infinite flat planes in the same three-dimensional space that never meet. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, a line and a plane that do not share a point are also said to be parallel. However, two noncoplanar lines are called skew lines. Line segments and Euclidean vectors are parallel if they have the same direction or opposite direction (not necessarily the same length).

Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate. Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geometry is a special instance of this type of geometry.
In some other geometries, such as hyperbolic geometry, lines can have analogous properties that are referred to as parallelism.
The concept can also be generalized to non-straight parallel curves and non-flat parallel surfaces, which keep a fixed minimum distance and do not touch each other or intersect.