hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anticommutative property
In mathematics, anticommutativity is a specific property of some non-commutative mathematical operations. Swapping the position of two arguments of an antisymmetric operation yields a result which is the inverse of the result with unswapped arguments. The notion inverse refers to a group structure on the operation's codomain, possibly with another operation. Subtraction is an anticommutative operation because commuting the operands of  gives ; for example, . Another prominent example of an anticommutative operation is the Lie bracket.

In mathematical physics, where symmetry is of central importance, or even just in multilinear algebra these operations are mostly (multilinear with respect to some vector structures and then) called antisymmetric operations, and when they are not already of arity greater than two, extended in an associative setting to cover more than two arguments.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's sprint was a track cycling event held as part of the Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. It was held on 17 and 18 October 1964 at the Hachioji Velodrome. 39 cyclists from 22 nations competed. Nations were limited to two cyclists each. The event was won by Giovanni Pettenella of Italy, the nation's second consecutive and fourth overall victory in the men's sprint (trailing only France's five gold medals all-time). Sergio Bianchetto took silver, making it the second consecutive Games in which Italy had two men on the podium in the event. It was also the fifth straight Games with Italy taking at least silver. Daniel Morelon of France took bronze, the first of his record four medals in the event.

Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics
The cycling competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics consisted of two road cycling events and five track cycling events, all for men only. The 4000m individual pursuit event was introduced at these Games.
Popplepsalta
Popplepsalta is a genus of cicadas, also known as squeakers or scratchers, in the family Cicadidae, subfamily Cicadettinae and tribe Cicadettini. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2016 by entomologists Christopher Owen and Maxwell Sydney Moulds.

Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.
Croydon railway station, Melbourne
Croydon station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Lilydale line, part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the eastern Melbourne suburb of Croydon in Victoria, Australia. Croydon is an elevated premium station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 1 December 1882, with the current station provided in August 2024.

Initially opened as Warrandyte, the station was given its current name of Croydon on 1 August 1884.

Bicycle parking
Bicycle parking is part of the cycling infrastructure of a populated place allowing for the storage of bicycles when they are not being used. Parking facilities for bicycles include racks, lockers, parking stations, and covered areas. Bicycle parking infrastructure, in addition to cyclists' equipment such bicycle locks, offers a degree of security and may prevent bicycle theft. Ad hoc bicycle parking alongside railings, signs, and other street furniture is a common practice and may be recognized through formal legal arrangements.

Bicycle parking is an important consideration for the cyclability of a locality. Secure bicycle parking is a factor that influences people's decision to cycle. Bicycle parking at mass transit stations facilitates mixed-mode commuting. The role of bicycle parking in urban planning is studied through the discipline of bicycle transportation planning and engineering. Provisions for bicycle parking may be included in municipal policies and regulations.
Bürgenstock Funicular
The Bürgenstock Funicular (German: Bürgenstock-Bahn; BB) is a funicular railway in the canton of Nidwalden, Switzerland. The line links the landing stage at Kehrsiten-Bürgenstock, served by the regular passenger boats of the Schifffahrtsgesellschaft des Vierwaldstättersees, with the Bürgenstock resort and its famous hotels.

The funicular was opened in 1888 and was originally had an Abt rack braking rail. The funicular is electric and automatic, but until the closure in 2011 it still used the original cabins. The line has been suspended since November 2011 whilst work was undertaken to create a new luxury resort financed by a Qatar finance group at its upper station, and was reopened on 28 August 2017.

It got bad press even before its reopening due to its exorbitant fare prices which are high, even for Swiss standards. The resort management announced a fare of CHF 50 for a roundtrip.

The line has the following parameters:

Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.
Arrondissement of Philippeville
The Arrondissement of Philippeville (French: Arrondissement de Philippeville; Dutch: Arrondissement Philippeville) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Walloon province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium.

The Administrative Arrondissement of Philippeville consists of the following municipalities:

Cerfontaine

Couvin

Doische

Florennes

Philippeville

Viroinval

Walcourt

Arrondissements of Belgium
Arrondissements of Belgium (plural in Dutch: arrondissementen) are subdivisions below the provinces of Belgium. There are administrative, judicial and electoral arrondissements. These may or may not relate to identical geographical areas.

Belgium, a federalized state,  geographically consists of three regions, of which only Flanders and Wallonia are subdivided into five provinces each; Brussels is neither a province nor is it part of one.
Synodontis robbianus
Synodontis robbianus, known as the russet synodontis, is a species of upside-down catfish that is native to Nigeria where it is found in the Cross and lower Niger Rivers.  It was first described by John Alexander Smith in 1875, from specimens collected in the Calabar River, Nigeria.  The species name robbianus is named after Rev. Alexander Robb, a Scottish missionary, who collected the original species samples.

Calabar River
The Calabar River in Cross River State, Nigeria flows from the north past the city of Calabar, joining the larger Cross River about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the south. The river at Calabar forms a natural harbor deep enough for vessels with a draft of 6 metres (20 ft).

The Calabar River was once a major source of slaves brought down from the interior to be shipped west in the Atlantic slave trade. Slaving was suppressed by 1860, but the port of Calabar remained important in the export of palm oil and other products, until it was eclipsed by Port Harcourt in the 1920s. With improved roads into the interior, Calabar has regained importance as a port and is growing rapidly. The tropical rain forest in the Calabar River basin is rapidly being destroyed, and pollution is decreasing fish and shrimp catches in the estuary. Those that are caught have unsafe levels of contaminants.
2025 BAL playoffs
The 2025 BAL playoffs will be the postseason tournament of the 2025 BAL season which determined the champions of the fifth Basketball Africa League (BAL) season. The playoffs will begin on 6 June 2025 with the seeding games and finish on 14 June 2025 with the final. The playoffs will be held in the SunBet Arena in Pretoria, South Africa.

SunBet Arena
SunBet Arena, also known as the Sun Arena at Times Square, is a multi-purpose indoor arena based within the Menlyn Maine precinct in Waterkloof Glen in Pretoria, Tshwane, South Africa. Opened in 2017, the arena is owned by hotel and gaming group Sun International and located at the Time Square Casino.

The arena has a capacity of 8,500 people for sporting events and seated concerts, and 10,000 for standing concerts. Sun International invested R4.2 billion (approximately $330 million at the time). The arena was opened on 4 November 2017 with the Unison Celebration Show as its first event.
Mount Azov
Azov (Russian: Азов) is a mountain in Central Ural, Russia. It is located 8 km from Polevskoy meat Zyuzelsky village. It's one of the natural monuments of Russia.

According to Aleksandr Matveyev, the configuration of the rocks gives a reason to believe that the name of the mountain derives from the Tatar word azaw teš (азау теш), meaning 'molar tooth'. In other Turkic languages the word means 'fang', 'edge', or 'sting'. The archaeologist E. Bers believed that in the Iron Age it served as a sacrificial place.

According to popular beliefs, a creature from local folktales called Azovka (lit. 'the Azov girl') lives inside Mount Azov.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.
Battle of Sukha Dorogva River
Battle of Sukha Dorogva River was an armed clash between the armies of Daniel Romanovich and the forces of Leszek the White, following Daniel's political actions. A key element of his strategy was to conclude an alliance with Mstislav Mstislavich, which made it possible to regain lost lands.

This alliance was met with displeasure by Leszek the White, who perceived it as an attempt to make the Romanovichi independent from Polish sovereignty. In response, the Duke of Kraków organised a retaliatory expedition. In the spring of 1218, Polish troops invaded the lands along the Bug River, but the Ruthenian forces, led by the boyars Gavrilo Dushilovich, Semyon Ohiyevich and Vasyl Gavrilovich, defeated them. Poles were forced to retreat as far as the Wieprz River, and Daniel's triumphant army returned to Vladimir, leading the captured captives. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle states that the site of the battle was Sukha Dorogva River.

Seniorate Province
Seniorate Province, also known as the Senioral Province, was a district principality in the Duchy of Poland that was formed in 1138, following the fragmentation of the state.  Its ruler held the title of the High Duke, ruling all duchies within Poland. In 1227, following the abolition of the High Duke title, the province was transformed into the Duchy of Kraków.
Sande Church (Sunnmøre)
Sande Church (Norwegian: Sande kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sande Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Sande on the southern shore of the island of Sandsøya. It is the church for the Sande parish which is part of the Søre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1880 using plans drawn up by the architect Jon Sefland. The Swiss chalet style church seats about 400 people.

Diocese of Møre
The Diocese of Møre (Norwegian: Møre bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway which geographically consists of Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Its bishop is seated at the Molde Cathedral which is located in the county administrative center of Molde. As of 2008, the Bishop of Møre is Ingeborg Midttømme.

The diocese was established on 18 September 1983, when the district of Sunnmøre was removed from the Diocese of Bjørgvin to the south, and the Romsdal and Nordmøre districts were removed from the Diocese of Nidaros to the north.  The three districts (which correspond to Møre og Romsdal county) were used to form the new diocese.
Uhthoff's phenomenon
Uhthoff's phenomenon (also known as Uhthoff's syndrome, Uhthoff's sign, and Uhthoff's symptom) is the worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases when the body is overheated. This may occur due to hot weather, exercise, fever, saunas, hot tubs, hot baths/showers, and hot food and drink. Increased temperature slows nerve conduction, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. With an increased body temperature, nerve impulses are either blocked or slowed in a damaged nerve. Once the body temperature is normalized, signs and symptoms typically reverse.

Nerve conduction velocity
In neuroscience, nerve conduction velocity (CV) is the speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway. Conduction velocities are affected by a wide array of factors, which include age, sex, and various medical conditions. Studies allow for better diagnoses of various neuropathies, especially demyelinating diseases as these conditions result in reduced or non-existent conduction velocities. CV is an important aspect of nerve conduction studies.
2026 GT4 Australia
The 2026 GT4 Australia Series (commercially titled 2026 Monochrome GT4 Australia Series) is a scheduled Australian motorsport competition for GT4 cars. The championship will be the 3rd season of a standalone GT4 Australia series, having split from the Australian Production Car Series at the end of 2023, and was the third season of the championship being solely managed by the SRO Motorsports Group. The championship will commence at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit on March 27 and will conclude at Sandown Raceway on November 1.

Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit
The Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Ventnor, on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. The current circuit was first used in 1952.

Along with The Bend Motorsport Park in South Australia, the 4.448 km (2.764 mi) long island circuit is one of two race tracks in Australia to carry a FIM Category A track licence which allows for the highest level of motorcycle racing, MotoGP. Phillip Island also carries an FIA Grade 3 track licence.
Simple agreement for future equity
A simple agreement for future equity (SAFE) is an agreement between an investor and a company that provides rights to the investor for future equity in the company similar to a warrant, except without determining a specific price per share at the time of the initial investment. The SAFE investor receives the future shares when a priced round of investment or liquidity event occurs. SAFEs are intended to provide a simpler mechanism for startups to seek initial funding other than convertible notes.

Market liquidity
In business, economics or investment, market liquidity is a market's feature whereby an individual or firm can quickly purchase or sell an asset without causing a drastic change in the asset's price. Liquidity involves the trade-off between the price at which an asset can be sold, and how quickly it can be sold. In a liquid market, the trade-off is mild: one can sell quickly without having to accept a significantly lower price. In a relatively illiquid market, an asset must be discounted in order to sell quickly. A liquid asset is an asset which can be converted into cash within a relatively short period of time, or cash itself, which can be considered the most liquid asset because it can be exchanged for goods and services instantly at face value.
Ussangoda National Park
Ussangoda National Park is a Sri Lankan national park and designated archaeological site, situated on the Colombo – Kataragama road near Ambalantota – Nonagama Junction in Hambantota District. It is located in the southern sea turtle breeding zones. Ussangoda is a patch of high ground by the sea and spreads over a significant area. Unlike the rest of the land surrounding, it is only covered with grass and a few pockets of pigmy forests. The summit of Ussangoda area pans like a plateau for a significant length.

Sea turtle
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley. Five of the seven species are listed as threatened with extinction globally on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The remaining two are not considered to be threatened with extinction, one of which, the flatback turtle, is found only in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.

Sea turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled (cheloniid) or leathery-shelled (dermochelyid). The only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback.
Øyvind S. Bruland
Øyvind Sverre Bruland (born 14 December 1952) is a professor of Clinical Oncology and faculty of Medicine at the University of Oslo. He published his first Publication

in 1988 when he was 32 years old. Bruland holds a B.Sc., M.D and Ph.D. from the University of Oslo, Norway. His research includes: primary bone and soft tissue cancers (sarcomas) and skeletal metastases from prostate cancer and breast cancer; targeted radionuclide therapy, for instance the clinical development of Alpharadin, based on Radium-223; the tumor biology and prognostic impact of micro-metastases in bone-marrow aspirates on patients with primary bone cancer (osteosarcoma); external beam radiotherapy; and the radiotherapy of skeletal metastases and soft-tissue sarcomas.

He has served as supervisor to twelve Ph.D. students, nine so far having completed their Ph.D. theses. In 2008 he was elected as a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Osteosarcoma
An osteosarcoma (OS) or osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) is a cancerous tumor in a bone. Specifically, it is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin (and thus a sarcoma) and that exhibits osteoblastic differentiation and produces malignant osteoid.

Osteosarcoma is the most common histological form of primary bone sarcoma. It is most prevalent in teenagers and young adults.
Jackson DK2M
The Jackson DK2M is a superstrat variant of the Dinky line of electric guitars made by Jackson Guitars, specifically the Pro Series. Introduced in January 2006, at one point it became Jackson's top import seller until it was dropped from the 2010 line. Its full name is the Jackson Pro Series DK2M Dinky (Model #291-1005) and was manufactured in Japan using bolt-on neck construction in a scale length of 25.5”. The DK2M had a 2007 MSRP of $857–999, depending on finish, while street price ranged from $600–700. The Jackson DK2M was reintroduced to the market in 2012, and is now manufactured in Mexico. A molded case is optional.

Jackson Guitars
Jackson is an American brand of guitars sold by the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. Jackson was originally an independent manufacturer of electric guitars and electric bass guitars named after its founder, the American luthier Grover Jackson. The company was acquired by Fender in 2002, which manufactures Jackson-branded guitars in its Corona, California, US, and Ensenada, Mexico facilities, as well as contract production at FujiGen in Japan. Low-priced "budget" models are produced by sub-contractors in Indonesia and China.
Hayley McQueen
Hayley McQueen (born 9 December 1979) is a British TV sports presenter, reporter, RTS award-winning producer, and event host. She is a lead anchor on Sky Sports News and the presenter of Scottish Premiership and Scottish Cup. Prior to that, she hosted Sky Sports' flagship Saturday evening Football First Premier League highlights show Match Choice.

McQueen is also an awards presenter and regularly hosts corporate events. Alongside her Sky work, she presented for Premier League TV worldwide and has appeared as a guest host on BBC 5 Live football phone-in show, as well as hosting duties for Radio X show The Kickabout, standing in for Johnny Vaughan. She is the former co-presenter of Sky Sports Champions League, as well as other Sky Sports football programming and once weekly Sportswomen programme.

Johnny Vaughan
Jonathan Randal Vaughan (born 16 July 1966) is an English television and radio presenter and a film critic. He was the main presenter of Capital Breakfast alongside Lisa Snowdon on 95.8 Capital FM between 2004 and 2011.

Vaughan currently presents the Radio X drivetime show, weekdays from 4 pm to 7 pm (commonly referred to on air as The 4til7 Thang) and The Kickabout every Saturday from 11 am to 1 pm. Vaughan also writes a weekly column in The Sun newspaper reviewing recent film releases.
Vinodarayunipalem
Vinodarayunipalem is a village in the Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh state in India. It is located 29 km (18 mi) away from Ongole, the district headquarters. The village is the birthplace of Tanguturi Prakasam, the first chief minister of the former Andhra State.

The village is very near to the Bay of Bengal through the Kanaparthi seashore point.

It is a scenaric village with lots of hush green crops in winter.The summers in this area are the killers with salty-humid winds blowing ,Its very hard to go out anything between 10am to 4pm if you are not habituated with that kind of weather

Andhra State
Andhra State (IAST: Āndhra Rāṣṭramu; [ˈɑːndʰrʌ raːʂʈɾamu]), created in 1953, was the official name of the State of Andhra Pradesh until 1956. The state was formed from Telugu-speaking districts of the erstwhile Madras State, which form two distinct cultural regions – Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra.

Under the provisions of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Telugu-speaking territories of Hyderabad State were merged with Andhra State, and its name was changed to 'Andhra Pradesh'.

These newly added territories would later form the state of Telangana in 2014.
Bee Log, North Carolina
Bee Log is an unincorporated community in Yancey County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located along Bald Mountain Creek, approximately one mile upstream (southwest) of Lewisburg on the Cane River.

Cane River (North Carolina)
The Cane River is a 38.3-mile (61.6 km) river in Yancey County, North Carolina. It originates from the confluence of Beech Nursery Creek, off the western slope of Mount Mitchell, and Blue Sea Creek, off the northeastern slope of Blackstock Knob, in the Black Mountains. A tributary in the French Broad River basin, it flows northward to join the North Toe River, forming the Nolichucky River.