hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haakon Sandvold
Haakon Sandvold (1 December 1921 – 24 July 2010) was a Norwegian engineer and businessman.

He was born in Bergen, and graduated as a siv.ing. from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1948. He worked at the Chr. Michelsen Institute and the Institute for Nuclear Energy from 1948 to 1951 and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1951 to 1953, then the Chr. Michelsen Institute again. He then entered private enterprise. He was hired in Norsk Hydro 1957, became vice president of Årdal og Sunndal Verk in 1966 and director-general from 1975 to 1986.

After the merger between Hydro and Årdal og Sunndal Verk, he sat on Hydro's board of directors. He was also chairman of NTNF from 1975 to 1979 and chaired the Norwegian Polytechnic Society from 1972 to 1974. He was also president of the Deutsch-Norwegische Handelskammer, and trained the Norwegian delegation for the Earth Summit in 1992. He held the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and the Federal Cross of Merit.

Årdal og Sunndal Verk
Årdal og Sunndal Verk or ÅSV is a defunct Norwegian state owned company that operated the aluminium plants in Årdal Municipality, Sunndal Municipality, Høyanger Municipality and Holmestrand Municipality. The company was established to take advantage of the hydro-electric power plants in the respective municipalities to create aluminium plants. The company was founded in 1947 to continue the unfinished production of the Årdal plant started by the German occupational forces during World War II. In 1954 construction on the Sunndal plant started. The company was merged with Norsk Hydro in 1986 to create the light metal division Hydro Aluminium.
FUJIGEN
FUJIGEN (Japanese: フジゲン) is a Japanese musical instrument manufacturing company based in Matsumoto, Nagano. The company was formerly known as Fuji Gengakki Seizō (Japanese: 富士弦楽器製造, lit. 'Fuji Stringed Instrument Manufacturing'), and is named after Japan's iconic Mount Fuji. FUJIGEN does OEM guitar manufacturing for well-known guitar brands, and they manufacture their own guitars under the brand FGN.

Guitar manufacturing
Guitar manufacturing is the use of machines, tools, and labor in the production of electric and acoustic guitars. This phrase may be in reference to handcrafting guitars using traditional methods or assembly line production in large quantities using modern methods. Guitar manufacturing can also be broken into several categories such as body manufacturing and neck manufacturing, among others. Guitar manufacturing includes the production of alto, classical, tenor, and bass tuned guitars (with classical being the most widely used tuning).

A luthier is a person who has learned the craft of making string instruments including guitars, generally on a very small scale.
Ozicrypta clyneae
Ozicrypta clyneae is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologists Robert Raven and Tracey Churchill. The specific epithet clyneae honours Australian author, film-maker and arachnologist Densey Clyne, for contributions to natural history documentation.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Dodge Park, Maryland
Dodge Park is an unincorporated area and former census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States; it is currently within the Landover CDP.

The former CDPs of Landover, Dodge Park, Kentland, and Palmer Park, defined as such by the United States Census Bureau in the 1990 United States census, were consolidated into the Greater Landover CDP as of the 2000 United States census. This amalgamated area was renamed the Landover CDP as of the 2010 United States census.

Prince George's County, Maryland
Prince George's County (often shortened to PG County, PG, or PGC) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 967,201, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind neighboring Montgomery County. The 2020 census counted an increase of nearly 104,000 in the previous ten years. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. It is the most populous African American-majority county in the United States, as well as the second most affluent behind neighboring Charles County.

The county is part of the Capital region of the state, though portions of the county are considered to be in Southern Maryland. The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities, such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters.
PubPsych
PubPsych is a vertical open access information retrieval system for psychological resources, coordinated by the research support organization Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information (ZPID). The search interface is available in English, Spanish, French, and German.
PubPsych includes over 800.000 datasets and offers, where available, full-text linking, links to additional information and link resolving.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
National Cycle Route 10
National Cycle Network (NCN) Route 10 is a Sustrans National Route that runs from Cockermouth to North Shields in the United Kingdom. The route is 217 km (135 miles) long and is fully open and signed in both directions.

Walk Wheel Cycle Trust
Walk Wheel Cycle Trust  is a British walking, wheeling and cycling charity, and the custodian of the National Cycle Network.  Until 2025 it was called Sustrans (/ˈsustræns/ SUS-trans; a lexical blend of sustainable and transport),

Its flagship project is the National Cycle Network, which has created 12,763 miles (20,540 kilometres) of signed cycle routes throughout the United Kingdom, including 5,273 mi (8,486 km) of traffic-free paths. The rest of the network is on previously existing and mostly minor roads, in which motor traffic will be encountered.

The charity was founded in 1983, building on the earlier work of a group of cyclists and environmentalists in the Bristol area.
Frank Dunne (footballer)
Francis Charlton "Diver" Dunne (13 August 1875 – 16 February 1937) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL), South Fremantle in the West Australian Football Association (WAFA) and Sturt in the South Australian Football League (SAFL).

Sturt Football Club
The Sturt Football Club, nicknamed The Double Blues, is a semi-professional Australian rules football club based in the suburb of Unley, South Australia, which plays in the South Australian National Football League.

Founded in 1901 by the Sturt Cricket Club, the club initially struggled to make the finals, however, in 1915 they won their first Premiership. After several decades of substantial finals appearances and a few premiership wins, Sturt entered a period of success, winning seven premierships from 1966 to 1976 under coach Jack Oatey.

Sturt has a total of 16 premierships, sixteen Magarey Medallists and two Night Premierships.

Sturt wear Oxford and Cambridge Blue reflecting the street names on which their home ground is based. Sturt play their home games at the 15,000 capacity Unley Oval and their club song is named It's a grand old flag.
Norbert Shamuyarira
Norbert Shamuyarira (born 1962) is a Zimbabwean sculptor.

A native of Chinhoyi, Shamuyarira lost his mother at the age of nine; soon after her death, his father deserted the family.  His brother later committed suicide.  He started sculpting in 1979, working for four years with Bernard Takawira in Chitungwiza.

Chinhoyi
Chinhoyi, previously known as Sinoia during the colonial era, is a city in central northern Zimbabwe  in the Makonde District. It has a population of 90,800 and is primarily a college town, although it was originally founded as an Italian group settlement scheme. The nearby Chinhoyi Caves and national park are a popular attraction.
CHIM-FM
CHIM is a Canadian radio station, which previously broadcast Christian music on 102.3 FM in Timmins, Ontario. The station also currently broadcasts on 1710 AM.

The station began testing its signal on 102.3 MHz on December 24, 1995, and officially signed on April 7, 1996. The station has expanded through a network of rebroadcast transmitters in Northern Ontario. CHIM-FM also has a rebroadcaster in Red Deer, Alberta, CHIM-FM-5, which originates some of its own programming.

Its call sign was pronounced, on air, as See Him.

Timmins
Timmins (/ˈtɪmɪns/ TIM-inss) is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada, located on the Mattagami River. The city is the fourth-largest city in the Northeastern Ontario region with a population of 41,145 at the 2021 Canadian census and an estimated population of 44,819 in 2023. The city's economy is based on natural resource extraction. It is supported by industries related to lumbering, and to the mining of gold, zinc, copper, nickel, and silver. Timmins serves as a regional service and distribution centre.

The city has a large Francophone community, with more than 50% of the residents bilingual in French and English.
Schwartz's reagent
Schwartz's reagent is the common name for the organozirconium compound with the formula (C5H5)2ZrHCl, sometimes called zirconocene hydrochloride or zirconocene chloride hydride, and is named after Jeffrey Schwartz, a chemistry professor at Princeton University. This metallocene is used in organic synthesis for various transformations of alkenes and alkynes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
The Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (July 1893) and the American Chemical Journal (January 1914). It covers all fields of chemistry. Since 2021, the editor-in-chief is Erick M. Carreira (ETH Zurich). In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model.
Siege of Lyakhavichy
The siege of Lyakhavichy or Lachowicze took place from 23 March to 28 June 1660 during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67). Lachowicze was one of the major Grand Duchy of Lithuania strongholds in the disputed region (modern Belarus). A Russian army of about 11,000 under Ivan Nikitich Khovansky laid siege to the castle, defended by Mikołaj Judycki. After four failed sieges, Khovansky was forced to face a Polish relief army under hetmans Stefan Czarniecki and Paweł Jan Sapieha, and was defeated at the Battle of Polonka. This meant the end of the siege of Lachowicze.

Lachowicze was the only fortress of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that evaded capture by Russians during that war. Due to a legend that it was protected by the Mary, mother of Jesus it was compared to Jasna Góra (which recently withstood a similar siege).

Jasna Góra Monastery
The Jasna Góra Monastery (Polish: Jasna Góra [ˈjas.na ˈɡu.ra] ⓘ, Luminous or Light Mountain,  Latin: Clarus Mons) in Częstochowa, Poland, is a shrine dedicated to the Virgin Mary and one of the country's places of pilgrimage. The image of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa, also known as Our Lady of Częstochowa, to which miraculous powers are attributed, is one of Jasna Góra's most precious treasures.

The site is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii) and is tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.
Fosse aux Lions National Park
Fosse aux Lions National Park (French: Parc National Fosse aux Lions) is a national park in the Savanes Region of Northern Togo. The park is approximately 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 sq mi) in size, and was first established as a reserved forest in 1954.

At one point, the park was home to a significant number of African elephants in the 1970s and 1980s, but their numbers have declined to nearly zero.

The small town of Tandjouaré, Togo lies within the park.

African elephant
African elephants are members of the genus Loxodonta comprising two living elephant species, the African bush elephant (L. africana) and the smaller African forest elephant (L. cyclotis). Both are social herbivores with grey skin. However, they differ in the size and colour of their tusks as well as the shape and size of their ears and skulls.

Both species are at a pertinent risk of extinction according to the IUCN Red List; as of 2021, the bush elephant is considered endangered while the forest elephant is considered critically endangered. They are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, along with poaching for the illegal ivory trade in several range countries.

Loxodonta is one of two extant genera in the family Elephantidae. The name refers to the lozenge-shaped enamel of their molar teeth. Fossil remains of Loxodonta species have been found in Africa, spanning from the Late Miocene (from around 7–6 million years ago) onwards.
Chiaro Davanzati
Chiaro Davanzati (died 1304) was an Italian poet from Florence, one of the Siculo-Tuscan poets, who introduced the style of Sicilian School to the Tuscan School. He was one of the most prolific Italian authors before Dante: at least 122 sonnets and sixty-one canzoni by Chiaro are known, many of them in tenzone with other poets. Only Guittone d'Arezzo produced more lyrics in the thirteenth century.

Sicilian School
The Sicilian School was a small community of Sicilian and mainland Italian poets gathered around Frederick II, most of them belonging to his imperial court in Palermo. Headed by Giacomo da Lentini, they produced more than 300 poems of courtly love between 1230 and 1266, the experiment being continued after Frederick's death by his son, Manfred.
Edgewood Country Club Open
The Edgewood Country Club Open also known as the Tivoli Open was a tennis tournament first established in 1885 at Tivoli, New York, United States and played at the Edgewood Country Club on clay courts. It was part of the U.S. lawn tennis circuit until 1916.

Valentine Hall
Valentine Gill "Vallie" Hall III (November 12, 1867, New York – October 26, 1934) was an American tennis player who was active in the late 19th century. He was the elder son of Valentine Gill Hall Jr. and Mary Livingston Ludlow of the Livingston family. Vallie's eldest sister was Anna Rebecca Hall, making him an uncle of First Lady of the United States, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt.
Kingston Branch
The Kingston Branch was a major railway line in Southland, New Zealand.  It formed part of New Zealand's national rail network for over a century: construction began in 1864, Kingston was reached in 1878, and it closed in 1979.  For much of its life, it was considered a secondary main line rather than a branch line, and in its earlier years, it was sometimes known as the "Great Northern Railway". The southern portion now forms a part of the Wairio Branch, while the northernmost 14 kilometres (8+3⁄4 mi) was used by the Kingston Flyer.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Cetina culture
The Cetina culture is the name for the culture of the inhabitants of the Middle Dalmatian coast, and especially its hinterland, during the early Bronze Age (c. 1900-1600 BC), or, according to Paul Reineck's chronology (c. 2200–1500 BC). It is named after the numerous sites along the Cetina river in Central Dalmatia and Herzegovina. People of this culture were present in caves (Škarin Samograd near Drniš, Gudnja near Ston, Ravlić cave in Drinovci) or in open settlements (Gradac in Kotorac and Krstina near Posušje). The graves are in rocky colonies. In the case of inhumation, they have the shape of a stone chest, while incinerated remains of the deceased are laid in clay pots.

Heyd (2013) describes the early Cetina culture as a "syncretistic Bell Beaker culture", splitting off from the dissolving variant of the Vučedol complex, and at the same time incorporating elements of the Bell Beaker phenomenon.

Cist
In archeology, a cist (/ˈkɪst/; also kist /ˈkɪst/;
ultimately from Ancient Greek: κίστη; cognate to English: chest) or cist grave is a small stone-built coffin-like box or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the dead. In some ways, it is similar to the deeper shaft tomb. Examples occur across Europe and in the Middle East.
A cist may have formerly been associated with other monuments, perhaps under a cairn or a long barrow. Several cists are sometimes found close together within the same cairn or barrow. Often ornaments have been found within an excavated cist, indicating the wealth or prominence of the interred individual.

This old word is preserved in the Nordic languages as kista in Swedish and kiste in Danish and Norwegian, as well as in Dutch (kist), where it is the word for a funerary coffin.  In English the term is related to cistern and to chest.
Sweet Virginia (film)
Sweet Virginia is a 2017 neo-noir thriller film directed by Jamie M. Dagg, written by Benjamin China and Paul China, and starring Jon Bernthal, Christopher Abbott, Imogen Poots, Rosemarie DeWitt, Odessa Young and Jared Abrahamson. It was released on November 17, 2017, by IFC Films.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
Ministry of Defence and National Security (Fiji)
The Ministry of Defence and National Security is the ministry of Fiji responsible for advising the government on strategic leadership, policy guidance and overseeing the Republic of the Fiji Military Forces. The current Minister for Defence and National Security is Pio Tikoduadua who was appointed to the position in December 2022.

Military policy
Military policy (also called defence policy or defense policy) is public policy dealing with multinational security and the military. It comprises the measures and initiatives that governments do or do not take in relation to decision-making and strategic goals, such as when and how to commit national armed forces.

Military policy is used to ensure the retention of independence in national development and the alleviation of hardships imposed from hostile and aggressive external actors. The Defence Ministry (or a synonymous organisation) is the primary decision-maker for the national military policy.
John Milne (journalist)
John Milne (13 May 1942 – 14 July 2014) was a Scottish broadcaster and journalist who was known for presenting BBC Scotland's Reporting Scotland with Mary Marquis in the 1980s and 1990s and Good Morning Scotland on BBC Radio Scotland.  Milne was also a presenter on Newsnight Scotland for much of the 2000s.

BBC Reporting Scotland
BBC Reporting Scotland is the BBC's main national television news programme for Scotland, broadcast on BBC One Scotland from the headquarters of BBC Scotland in Pacific Quay, Glasgow. The 30-minute evening programme typically follows the nationwide bulletin News at Six from New Broadcasting House.

Since June 2025, the programme has been presented by Scottish journalists Laura Miller and Laura Goodwin.
Association for the Defense of the Rights of the Internally Displaced
The Association for the Defense of the Rights of the Internally Displaced (ADRID) (Arabic: جمعية الدفاع عن حقوق المهجرين) is a non-governmental Palestinian organization in Israel that focuses on defending the right of internally displaced Palestinians, often known as "present absentees," to return to their lands and their homes.

Among the association's activities are organizing the annual March of Return to commemorate the Nakba. These marches began in the late 1990s, coinciding with Nakba Day and Israel's Independence Day. ADRID has worked in cooperation with other NGOs, among them the High Follow-Up Committee and Zochrot, in coordinating such activities.

Present absentee
Present absentees are Arab internally displaced persons (IDPs) who fled or were expelled from their homes in Mandatory Palestine during the 1947–1949 Palestine war but remained within the area that became the state of Israel.

In 1950, 46,000 out of the 156,000 Israeli Arabs in Israel were considered present absentees. According to 2015 estimates from Palestinian NGO BADIL, there are 384,200 IDPs in Israel and 334,600 IDPs in the Palestinian territories.

IDPs are not permitted to live in the homes they formerly lived in, even if they were in the same area as their home, the property still exists, and they can show that they own it. They are regarded as absent by the Israeli government because they were absent from their homes on a particular day, even if they did not intend to leave them for more than a few days, and even if they left involuntarily. The community carries out an annual March of Return to their former villages.