hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papel volante
Papel volante is a Portuguese name that designates a form of popular literature that may include popular prints. They date from the seventeenth to twentieth centuries, and are usually in an eight-page quarto format.  They were at their height in the eighteenth century.  They are similar to the French literature of colportage, English chapbooks or to the Spanish pliegos, papeles volantes or hojas volanderas. They are also known as literatura de cordel (string literature), particularly in the northeast of Brazil.

Two of the most famous authors of papéis volantes are Baltasar Dias (17th century) and José Daniel Rodrigues da Costa (18th century), who wrote misogynous texts. Baltasar Dias's Malícia das Mulheres (Malice of Women) had more than eighteen editions from 1640 until the twentieth century.

Chapbook
A chapbook is a type of small printed booklet that was a popular medium for street literature throughout early modern Europe. Chapbooks were usually produced cheaply, illustrated with crude woodcuts and printed on a single sheet folded into 8, 12, 16, or 24 pages, sometimes bound with a saddle stitch. Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. The tradition of chapbooks emerged during the 16th century as printed books were becoming affordable, with the medium ultimately reaching its height of popularity during the 17th and 18th centuries. Various ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks, such as almanacs, children's literature, folklore, ballads, nursery rhymes, pamphlets, poetry, and political and religious tracts. The term chapbook remains in use by publishers to refer to short, inexpensive booklets.
Lunain
The Lunain (French pronunciation: [lynɛ̃]) is a 51.4 km (31.9 mi) long river in the Yonne and Seine-et-Marne departments in north-central France. It is a right tributary of the Loing. Its source is in Yonne, less than 3 km (1.9 mi) south-west of Égriselles-le-Bocage. It joins the Loing at Épisy in Seine-et-Marne.

Yonne
Yonne (French: [jɔn], in Burgundian: Ghienne) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the river Yonne, which flows through it, in the country's north-central part. One of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's eight constituent departments, it is located in its northwestern part, bordering Île-de-France. It was created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Its prefecture is Auxerre, with subprefectures in Avallon and Sens. Its INSEE and postcode number is 89.

Yonne is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's fourth-most populous department, with a population of 335,707 (2019). Its largest city is its prefecture Auxerre, with a population of about 35,000 within city limits and 68,000 in the urban area.
Marxists Internet Archive
Marxists Internet Archive, also known as MIA or Marxists.org, is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Rosa Luxemburg, Mikhail Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, as well as that of writers of related ideologies, and even unrelated ones (for instance, Sun Tzu). The collection is maintained by volunteers and is based on a collection of documents that were distributed by email and newsgroups, later collected into a single gopher site in 1993. It contains over 180,000 documents from over 850 authors in 80 languages. All material in the archive is provided free of charge to users, although not necessarily free of copyright.

Online encyclopedia
An online encyclopedia, also called an Internet encyclopedia, is a digital encyclopedia accessible through the Internet. Some examples include pre-World Wide Web services that offered the Academic American Encyclopedia beginning in 1980, Encyclopedia.com since 1998, Encarta from 2000 to 2009, Wikipedia since 2001, Encyclopædia Britannica since 2016, and Grokipedia since 2025.
Kinmount House
Kinmount House is a 19th-century country house in the parish of Cummertrees  in the historic county of Dumfriesshire in Dumfries and Galloway region, Scotland. It is located 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) west of Annan. The house was designed by Sir Robert Smirke for the 6th Marquess of Queensberry and completed in 1820. It is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.

Annan, Dumfries and Galloway
Annan (/ˈænən/ AN-ən; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Anainn) is a town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. Historically part of Dumfriesshire, its public buildings include Annan Academy, of which the writer Thomas Carlyle was a pupil, and a Georgian building now known as "Bridge House". Annan also features a Historic Resources Centre. In Port Street, some of the windows remain blocked up to avoid paying the window tax.

Each year on the first Saturday in July, Annan celebrates the Royal Charter and the boundaries of the Royal Burgh are confirmed when a mounted cavalcade undertakes the Riding of the Marches. Entertainment includes a procession, sports, field displays and massed pipe bands. Annan's in America first migrated to New York and Virginia.  Annandale Virginia is an early settlement which celebrates The Scottish Games annually.
Aeschines (physician)
Aeschines (Ancient Greek: Αἰσχίνης) was a Greek ancient physician who lived in the latter half of the 4th century AD.  He was born on the island of Chios, and settled at Athens, where he appears to have practiced with little success, but acquired fame by a cure of Eunapius Sardianus, who on his voyage to Athens had been seized with a fever, which yielded only to treatment of a peculiar nature.

Another Athenian physician of this name is quoted by Pliny, of whom it is only known that he must have lived some time before the middle of the 1st century AD.

Eunapius
Eunapius (Greek: Εὐνάπιος; c. 347 – c. 420) was a Greek sophist, rhetorician, and historian from Sardis in the region of Lydia in Asia Minor. His principal surviving work is the Lives of Philosophers and Sophists (Ancient Greek: Βίοι Φιλοσόφων καὶ Σοφιστῶν; Latin: Vitae sophistarum), a collection of the biographies of 24 philosophers and sophists.
Carder (surname)
Carder is a surname of English origin, derived from the occupation of carding. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Carder (born 1989), American football quarterback

Angela Carder (1960–1987), American cancer patient, focus of a medical ethics debate over women's rights versus fetal rights

Frederick Carder (1863–1963), English-American artist and glass maker

Karle Carder-Andrews (born 1989), English footballer

Kenneth Lee Carder (born 1940), American Bishop

Matthew Carder (born 1993), Scottish badminton player

Muriel Spurgeon Carder (1922–2023), Canadian Baptist minister

Peter Carder (fl. 1577–1586), British mariner

Ricky "Tank" Carder (born 1989), American football player

Barnaby "Barn The Spoon" Carder (born 1981), British Green Woodworker and Spoon Carver

In re A.C.
In re A.C., 573 A.2d 1235 (1990), was a District of Columbia Court of Appeals case. It was the first American appellate court case decided against a forced Caesarean section, although the decision was issued after the fatal procedure was performed. Physicians performed a Caesarean section upon patient Angela Carder (née Stoner) without informed consent in an unsuccessful attempt to save the life of her baby.  The case stands as a landmark in United States case law establishing the rights of informed consent and bodily integrity for pregnant women.
A Bolt of Lightning
"A Bolt of Lightning" was an American television play broadcast on November 12, 1951, as part of the CBS television series, Studio One. It was a historical drama portraying James Otis Jr. (1725–1783) and his 1761 prosecution of the Paxton's case, contesting Britain's use of writs of assistance to conduct warrantless searches of the colonists' property. Charlton Heston, at age 28, starred as Otis.

The running time was 60 minutes including breaks hosted by Betty Furness, promoting Westinghouse refrigerators, electric roaster ovens, food crafters, and "odor-out" bulbs.

Television play
A television play is a television programming genre which is a drama performance broadcast from a multi-camera television studio, usually live in the early days of television but later recorded to tape. This is in contrast to a television movie, which employs the single-camera setup of film production.
Old Polina
Old Polina (Roud 285) is a traditional Newfoundland folk song. It is most likely based on the ship Polynia, built in 1861, of the Dundee Seal and Whale Fishing Company fleet. Polynia was commanded by Captain William Guy from 1883 to 1891, when she was sunk by ice in Davis Strait. This song is similar to another song called The Balaena, about another whaler.

SY Aurora
SY Aurora was a 580-ton barque-rigged steam yacht built by Alexander Stephen and Sons Ltd. in Dundee, Scotland, in 1876, for the Dundee Seal and Whale Fishing Company. She was 165 feet (50 m) long with a 30-foot (9.1 m) beam. The hull was made of oak, sheathed with greenheart and lined with fir. The bow was a mass of solid wood reinforced with steel-plate armour. The heavy side frames were braced by two levels of horizontal oak beams. Its primary use was whaling in the northern seas, and it was built sturdily enough to withstand the heavy weather and ice that would be encountered there. That strength proved useful for Antarctic exploration as well and between 1911 and 1917 it made five trips to the continent, for both exploration and rescue missions.
Biathlon Junior World Championships 2001
The 2001 Biathlon Junior World Championships was held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia from March 21 to March 26, 2001. There was to be a total of eight competitions: sprint, pursuit, individual, mass start, and relay races for men and women.

Khanty-Mansiysk
Khanty-Mansiysk (Russian: Ха́нты-Манси́йск; Khanty: Ёмвоҷ, Jomvoćś; Mansi: Абга, Abga) is a city in west-central Siberia in Russia. Technically, it is situated on the eastern bank of the Irtysh River, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from its confluence with the Ob, in the oil-rich region of Western Siberia. Though it is an independent city, Khanty-Mansiysk also functions as the administrative centre of Khanty-Mansiysky District, and the administrative center of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra.

With 101,466 estimated inhabitants, Khanty-Mansiysk is among Russia's few regional capitals that are not the largest cities in their surrounding area, as it is surpassed in population by Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk and Nefteyugansk.
Won Hyon-sim
Won Hyon-sim (Korean: 원현심; born 2 April 2002) is a North Korean female weightlifter competing in the women's 45 kg category. She won the silver medal in the women's 45 kg event at the 2024 World Weightlifting Championships held in Manama, Bahrain, and a gold medal in the women's 45 kg event at the 2024 Asian Weightlifting Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Won is a former record holder at Snatch, Clean & Jerk and Total at the 45 kg category with a total best of 196 kg.

World record progression women's weightlifting
This is the list of world records progression in women's weightlifting. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts.

The International Weightlifting Federation restructured its weight classes in 1993, 1998, 2018 and 2025, nullifying earlier records.
Volga Military District
The Volga Military District (PriVO) was a military district of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation that existed from 1918 to 1989 and 1992 to 2001.

The district headquarters was located at Kazan, Saratov and Kuibyshev (Samara) at different points in time.

Totskoye
Totskoye (Russian: То́цкое) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Totsky District of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. Population:  6,898 (2010 Census); 7,201 (2002 Census); 7,095 (1989 Soviet census).
Least darter
The least darter (Etheostoma microperca),  is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is  generally found in lakes and streams in northeastern part of the United States and along the Mississippi River systems.

Percidae
The Percidae are a family of ray-finned fish, part of the order Perciformes, which are found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearctic species. The family contains nearly 250 species in 12 genera. The perches and their relatives are in this family; well-known species include the walleye, sauger, ruffe, and three species of perch. However, small fish known as darters are also a part of this family.

Despite the widespread and speciose nature of this family, the vast majority of its species diversity is within the darters, which are restricted to eastern North America, and the majority of which have small ranges. Excluding the darters, this family contains only 20 species. In Europe, percids were likely a more ecologically dominant group in the past than now, with the immigration of cyprinids to Europe during the Miocene causing a decline in their importance.
2017 Barcelona Formula 2 round
The 2017 Barcelona FIA Formula 2 round was a pair of motor races held on 13 and 14 May 2017 at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in Montmeló, Catalonia, Spain as part of the FIA Formula 2 Championship. It was the second round of the 2017 FIA Formula 2 Championship and was run in support of the 2017 Spanish Grand Prix.

Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya (Catalan pronunciation: [siɾˈkujd də bəɾsəˈlonə kətəˈluɲə]) is a 4.657 km (2.894 mi) motorsport race track in Montmeló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. The track has stands with a capacity of 140,700. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.

Until 2013 the track was known only as the Circuit de Catalunya, before a sponsorship deal with Barcelona City Council added Barcelona to the track's title.
Fort Srebrna Góra
Fort Srebrna Góra (Polish: Twierdza Srebrna Góra, German: Festung Silberberg, lit. "Silver Mountain Fort") is a former military fort, now preserved as a monument and museum, located in the village of Srebrna Góra, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It was constructed between 1765 and 1777, when the area was part of the Kingdom of Prussia.

The fort is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), designated on May 1, 2004. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. It is recognized as a rare example of a surviving European 18th-century mountain stronghold.

The fort has been nicknamed the "Gibraltar of Prussia" or "Gibraltar of Silesia," referring to its solid bedrock foundation.

Srebrna Góra, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Srebrna Góra [ˈsrɛbrna ˈɡura] (lit. 'Silver Mountain') is a village (former town) in the administrative district of Gmina Stoszowice, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
Taman Tasik Prima
Tasik Prima is a township in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is a 345-acre (1.40 km2) township with a 200-acre (0.81 km2) resort lake, comprising linked houses, bungalows, semi-detached houses, condominiums, shop offices and amenities. It is located within close proximity of IOI Mall, Lotus's (formerly TESCO), GIANT and Aeon (formerly JUSCO) Hypermarket in Puchong. It lies within the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and is accessible to the major highways and expressways in the Klang Valley.

Access to Tasik Prima is made convenient via Lebuhraya Damansara-Puchong (LDP), Lebuhraya Bukit Jalil and Shah Alam Expressway (Kesas Highway). It is neighboring to housing estates such as Puchong Utama, Puchong Perdana, Puchong Tekali, and Puchong Prima.

Shah Alam Expressway
The E5 Shah Alam Expressway is a 57.5-kilometre (35.7-mile) controlled-access highway in Peninsular Malaysia running between Pandamaran in Klang, Selangor to Sri Petaling in Kuala Lumpur. Shah Alam Expressway is the third east–west-oriented expressway in the Klang Valley after the Federal Highway and New Klang Valley Expressway. This expressway is part of the Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 Scheme (Sunway Interchange–Sri Petaling Interchange).
Phobia 2
Phobia 2 also known as Ha Phrang (Thai: ห้าแพร่ง or 5 แพร่ง) is a 2009 Thai anthology supernatural horror film consisting of five shorts: "Novice" directed by Paween Purijitpanya, "Ward" by Visute Poolvoralaks, "Backpackers" by Songyos Sugmakanan, "Salvage" by Parkpoom Wongpoom, and "In the End" by Banjong Pisanthanakun. It is the sequel to the 2008 anthology horror film 4bia.

Anthology film
An anthology film (also known as an omnibus film, package film or portmanteau film) is a single film consisting of three or more shorter films, each complete in itself and distinguished from the other, though frequently tied together by a single theme, premise, or author. Sometimes each one is directed by a different director or written by a different author, or may even have been made at different times or in different countries. Anthology films are distinguished from "revue films" such as Paramount on Parade (1930)—which were common in Hollywood in the early decades of sound film, composite films, and compilation films.

Anthology films are often mistaken for hyperlink cinema. Hyperlink cinema shows parts of many stories throughout a film, whereas anthology films show story segments of one at a time. Some mistaken examples include Pulp Fiction (1994) and Amores Perros (2000), distributing their storylines non-chronologically, separated by segments.
Novoromanovo
Novoromanovo (Russian: Новороманово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novoromanovsky Selsoviet, Kalmansky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 3,144 as of 2013. There are 20 streets.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Earlestown railway station
Earlestown railway station is a railway station in Earlestown, Merseyside, England, in the Merseytravel region. The station is branded Merseyrail. It was an original station on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opening in 1830. It became a junction station when the Warrington and Newton Railway opened in 1831. It is one of the few "triangular" stations in Britain.

Sankey Canal
The Sankey Canal in North West England, initially known as the Sankey Brook Navigation and later the St Helens Canal, is a former industrial canal, which when opened in 1757 was England's first of the Industrial revolution, and the first modern canal.

The canal eventually connected St Helens to the River Mersey at Spike Island in Widnes. Originally it followed the valley of the Sankey Brook from the Mersey through Warrington to Parr following which extensions were constructed at the Mersey end to Fiddlers Ferry and then to Widnes, while at the northern end it was extended to Sutton.

The canal was abandoned between 1931 and 1963 but has been the object of ongoing restoration attempts since 1980.
Fiji Pro 2016
The Fiji Pro 2016 was an event of the World Surf League for 2016 World Surf League.

This event was held from 07 to 19 June at Namotu, (Tavarua, Fiji) and opposed by 36 surfers.

The tournament was won by Gabriel Medina (BRA), who beat Matt Wilkinson (AUS) in final.

Gabriel Medina
Gabriel Medina Pinto Ferreira (born 22 December 1993) is a Brazilian professional surfer. He won the 2014, 2018 and 2021 WSL World Championships. In two appearances at the Olympic surfing tournament, Medina won a bronze medal at the 2024 Olympic Games.

In 2009, at age 15, Medina became the youngest surfer ever to win a major Qualifying Series event. He joined the World Surf League Tour in 2011 alongside eventual rival John John Florence, and in his rookie year he finished within the top 12 of the ASP (now WSL) World Tour. Since 2015, Medina has earned more Championship Tour victories than any other competitor.

Media sources credit him as being the second person to have executed a maneuver called the "Backflip". Medina also became the first person to land this move in competition, during the Oi Rio Pro 2016.
Content Threat Removal
Content Threat Removal (CTR) is a cybersecurity technology intended to defeat the threat posed by handling digital content in the cyberspace. Unlike other defenses, including antivirus software and sandboxed execution, CTR does not rely on being able to detect threats. Similar to Content Disarm and Reconstruction, CTR is designed to remove the threat without knowing whether it has done so and acts without knowing if data contains a threat or not.

Detection strategies work by detecting unsafe content, and then blocking or removing that content. Content that is deemed safe is delivered to its destination. In contrast, Content Threat Removal assumes all data is hostile and delivers none of it to the destination, regardless of whether it is actually hostile. Although no data is delivered, the business information carried by the data is delivered using new data created for the purpose.

Antivirus software
Antivirus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is software intended to prevent, detect, and remove malware.

Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other malware, antivirus software started to protect against other computer threats. Some products also include protection from malicious URLs, spam, and phishing.
Beydili, Karaman
Beydili is a village in Karaman District of Karaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 182 (2022). Its distance to Karaman is 21 kilometres (13 mi). 
The name Beydili refers to a Turkmen tribe with the same name. Although initially they were nomadic, they were settled by the Ottoman government. The first written document about the Beydili village was dated 1845.

Main economic activity is agriculture and animal husbandry.

Karaman Province
Karaman Province (Turkish: Karaman ili) is a province of south-central Turkey. Its area is 8,678 km2, and its population is 260,838 (2022). According to the 2000 census, the population was 243,210. The population density is 30 people/km2. The traffic code is 70. The capital is the city of Karaman. Karaman was the location of the Karamanid Beylik, which came to an end in 1486.
Meghli
Meghli, moghli, meghleh, (Arabic: مغلي), or karawiyah, is a Lebanese dessert based on a floured rice pudding and spiced with anise, caraway, and cinnamon. The dish is often garnished with dried coconut flakes and various nuts including almonds, walnuts, pine nuts, and pistachios. Meghli is commonly served to celebrate the birth of a child. It is also a popular Christmas dessert in Lebanon as a celebration of  the birth of Jesus.

Anise
Anise (/ˈænɪs/; Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed or rarely anix, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.

The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as star anise, fennel, liquorice, and tarragon. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food, candy, and alcoholic drinks, especially around the Mediterranean.