hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manauli Fort
Manauli Fort, also known as Quila Manauli, is a fortress (qila) located in the middle of the Manauli hamlet in Mohali district, Punjab, India. It is 11 kilometres (7 mi) from Mohali city and Chandigarh and nearly 4 km away from International Chandigarh Airport Road Mohali.

Manauli is a small hamlet with a population of 3,919 and 693 households (2011 Census). As per land record area of the village is 738 hectares (1,820 acres) (s.no. 85). The fort is 6.1 metres (20 ft) above the village habitation level. The fortress was formerly owned by the descendants of Sardar Kapoor Singh of the Singhpuria Misl but is now controlled by the Government of Punjab. The fort is currently not easily accessible and there is a lack of awareness of its existence.

Singhpuria Misl
Singhpuria Misl, also known as the Faizulpuria Misl, was one of the twelve misls of the Sikh Confederacy. It founded by the Sikh warrior Nawab Kapur Singh, who was born  in1697 and later became a prominent Dal Khalsa leader. The misl took its original name from a village Faizullapur in Amritsar and then changed the name of the village to Singhpura, with the misl eventually following.
Paul Pimsleur
Paul Pimsleur (October 17, 1927 – June 22, 1976) was a French-American linguist and scholar in the field of applied linguistics. He developed the Pimsleur language learning system, which, along with his many publications, had a significant effect upon theories of language learning and teaching. He was the founder of Pimsleur Language Programs.

Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, information science, natural language processing, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics is a practical use of language.
Minuscule 757
Minuscule 757 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), δ304 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript has no complex contents. Scrivener labelled it as 846e, 209a, 399p, and 146r.

Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (29 September 1813 – 30 October 1891) was an English writer and scholar. Additionally, he was a New Testament textual critic and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible. He was prebendary of Exeter, and vicar of Hendon.
Murder of Debra Jackson
Debra Louise Jackson (September 20, 1956 – October 30 or 31, 1979), informally known as "Orange Socks" when unidentified, was an American murder victim who went unidentified for nearly 40 years before being identified through a DNA match with her surviving sister in 2019. Her murder is believed to have taken place on October 30 or 31, 1979 in Georgetown, Texas. Her body was found naked except for the pair of orange socks from which the nickname was derived. She had been strangled and was believed to have died only hours before the discovery.

Henry Lee Lucas confessed to her murder and was convicted. Although doubts have been raised about his complicity in this crime, Lucas's conviction was not overturned. His death sentence was commuted by Texas governor George W. Bush in 1998, and Lucas died in prison in 2001. Strong evidence exists indicating that Lucas was in Florida when Jackson was murdered.

Capital punishment in Texas
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Texas, known as the capital punishment capital, for murder, and participation in a felony resulting in death if committed by an individual who is at least 18 years old.

In 1982, the state became the first jurisdiction in the world to carry out an execution by lethal injection, when it executed Charles Brooks Jr. It was the first execution in the state since 1964.

Texas, which is the second most populous state in the United States, has executed 597 people since the U.S. capital punishment resumption in 1976 (beginning in 1982 with the Brooks execution) to January 28, 2026 (the execution of Charles Victor Thompson)—more than a third of the national total. Even per capita, Texas has the nation's second-highest execution rate, behind only neighboring Oklahoma.
HMS Pactolus
Two Royal Navy ships have carried the name HMS Pactolus, after
the river in which, according to legend, King Midas washed his hands to divest himself of the golden touch.

The first HMS Pactolus (1813) was a frigate built in 1813 that was decommissioned in 1817.

The second HMS Pactolus (1896) was a Pelorus-class cruiser built in 1896 and sold for scrap in 1921.

Pactolus
The Pactolus (Greek: Πακτωλός), also called Chrysorrhoas (Χρυσορρόας), the modern Sart Çayı or "'Sardis stream'", is a river near the Aegean coast of Turkey. The river rises from Mount Tmolus, flows through the ruins of the ancient city of Sardis, and empties into the Gediz River, the ancient Hermus.

The Pactolus once contained electrum, which was the basis of the economy of the ancient state of Lydia, where the naturally occurring alloy of gold and silver was used to mint the first coins under Alyattes of Lydia.
Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen measure
In the mathematical discipline of ergodic theory, a Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen (SRB) measure is an invariant measure that behaves similarly to, but is not an ergodic measure. In order to be ergodic, the time average would need to equal the space average for almost all initial states , with  being the phase space. For an SRB measure , it suffices that the ergodicity condition be valid for initial states in a set  of positive Lebesgue measure.

The initial ideas pertaining to SRB measures were introduced by Yakov Sinai, David Ruelle and Rufus Bowen in the less general area of Anosov diffeomorphisms and axiom A attractors.

Invariant measure
In mathematics, an invariant measure is a measure that is preserved by some function. The function may be a geometric transformation. For examples, circular angle is invariant under rotation, hyperbolic angle is  invariant under squeeze mapping, and a difference of slopes is invariant under shear mapping.

Ergodic theory is the study of invariant measures in dynamical systems. The Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem proves the existence of invariant measures under certain conditions on the function and space under consideration.
Fabulous Muscles
Fabulous Muscles is the third studio album by American experimental band Xiu Xiu, released on February 17, 2004, on 5 Rue Christine. The album marked a change in the band's sound, described as a depressive mix between experimental rock and synth-pop. It is considered to be more accessible than Xiu Xiu's previous two studio albums, A Promise and Knife Play. Fabulous Muscles has received mostly positive reviews from critics.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Some Guy with a Website
Some Guy with a Website (formerly known as XQUZYPHYR & Overboard) is a political webcomic and blog by August J. Pollak. The cartoon first started in October 1999 when Pollak was a freshman at New York University and drew the cartoon for NYU's student-run paper, Washington Square News.  Because it was a student-run paper the cartoon only ran during the school year; starting in 2004, after Pollak had graduated, the strip appeared weekly year-round.  New comics appear online on Mondays.

On October 16, 2006, Pollak announced that the strip will be changed: the format has changed from "full-page" to "half-page", and most significantly the two title characters will be phased out (apart from the special Christmas strips) and the strip accordingly renamed to Some Guy With A Website.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Jizzakh
Jizzakh (/dʒɪzˈzæk/ jiz-ZAK; Uzbek: Jizzax [dʒɪzˈzɑχ]) is a city and the center of Jizzakh Region in Uzbekistan, located in the northeast of Samarkand. It is a district-level city. The population of Jizzakh is 179,200 (2020 est.).

Syr Darya
The Syr Darya, historically known as the Jaxartes (/dʒækˈsɑːrtiːz/ jak-SAR-teez; Ancient Greek: Ἰαξάρτης), is a river in Central Asia. The name, which is Persian, literally means Syr Sea or Syr River. It originates in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan, and flows for 2,256.25 kilometres (1,401.97 mi) west and north-west through Uzbekistan, Sughd province of Tajikistan, and southern Kazakhstan to the northern remnants of the Aral Sea. It is the northern and eastern of the two main rivers in the endorheic basin of the Aral Sea, the other being the Amu Darya.

During the Soviet era, extensive irrigation projects were constructed around both rivers, diverting their water into farmland and causing, during the post-Soviet era, the virtual disappearance of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake. The point at which the river flows from Tajikistan into Uzbekistan is, at 300 m (980 ft) above sea level, the lowest elevation in Tajikistan.
OLA
OLA may stand for:

United Nations Office of Legal Affairs

Official Languages Act 2003, Ireland

Oklahoma Library Association

Online authorisation

Ontario Lacrosse Association

Ontario Legislative Assembly

Ontario Library Association

Open Learning Agency, British Columbia, Canada

Operational-level agreement in support of a service-level agreement

WebSphere Optimized Local Adapters, IBM software

Oregon Library Association

Oromo Liberation Army, armed opposition  group in Ethiopia and former armed wing of the OLF

Ostseeland Verkehrs Gmbh, a Transdev Germany railway

Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish Church (Marikina), Philippines

Overlap–add method in signal processing

Overland Airways, ICAO airline code OLA

OLA Girls Senior High School (Ho), Ghana

OLA Girls Senior High School (Kenyasi), Ghana

Oklahoma Library Association
The Oklahoma Library Association (OLA) is a non-profit organization that promotes libraries and library services and provides professional development for library personnel in the state of Oklahoma. OLA is a chapter of both the American Library Association and the Mountain Plains Library Association. OLA hosts workshops throughout the year and holds an Annual Conference. OLA is the official sponsor of the Sequoyah Book Award, the third oldest U.S. state children's choice award.
Erythronium multiscapideum
Erythronium multiscapideum is a California species of flowering plant in the lily family which is known by the common name Sierra fawn lily.

It is endemic to California, where it grows in the foothills of the southern Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada. Its primary range extends from Shasta County to Amador County with additional populations in Mariposa County.

Amador County, California
Amador County (/ˈæmədɔːr/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,474. The county seat is Jackson. Amador County, located within California's Gold Country, is known as "The Heart of the Mother Lode." There is a substantial viticulture industry in the county.
Manipur Polo International 2014
Manipur Polo International 2014 or 8th Manipur International Polo Tournament was a polo tournament that was held in Imphal, Manipur, India. It was organised in Mapal Kangjeibung (Imphal Polo Ground), the oldest polo ground in the world.

India had two teams: India-B (Manipur) and India-A (Indian Polo Association team).

The India-B team (Manipur team) won the trophy after defeating South Africa by 7-5 goals. USA won the third place after being defeated by South Africa by 6-7 goals. India-B team (Manipur team) defeated India-A team (Indian Polo Association team) by 7-6 goals.

In this year, Hada Samadon Ayangba is the theme song sung by Mangka Mayanglambam and presented by the Laihui Ensemble of Manipur.

Indian Polo Association
The Indian Polo Association (IPA) is the governing body for polo in India. Most of the IPA's major activities are executed by the 61 Cavalry Unit of the Indian Army. The IPA's registered office is co-located with the 61 Cavalry's B Squadron.
Grandbois Lake
Lac Grandbois is a freshwater body straddling the municipalities of Rivière-à-Pierre (southern part of the lake) and Saint-Raymond (northern part of the lake), in Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. Lac Grandbois proves to be the main head of the Noire River.

The west side of the lake is served by a forest road linking north the main street of Rivière-à-Pierre; the east side is served by a forest path linking south the Petit-lac-Batiscan path which runs along Perron stream.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second. This lake is located on the east side of zec Batiscan-Neilson and on the south side of the territory of Portneuf Wildlife Reserve.

The surface of Lac Grandbois is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Saint-Raymond, Quebec
Saint-Raymond (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʁɛmɔ̃]), also called Saint-Raymond de Portneuf ([sɛ̃ ʁɛmɔ̃ də pɔʁnœf]), is a city in Quebec, Canada, located about 63 kilometres (39 mi) north-west of Quebec City. It is the largest city in population and area of the Portneuf Regional County Municipality.
Styphelia racemulosa
Styphelia racemulosa is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, rigid shrub with linear leaves and white, tube-shaped flowers usually arranged in pairs or threes in leaf axils.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Shutze Lake
Schutze Lake is a lake in Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It was named after Luther Schuetze, who carved his name on a tamarack tree without the c and e because there was not room for them.

The lake is about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) long and 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) wide, lies at an elevation of 314 metres (1,030 ft), and is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of the community of Poplar Hill / Poplar Hill First Nation. There are four unnamed creek inflows at the east, south and southwest. The primary outflow, at the west, is an unnamed creek to the Berens River, which flows into Lake Winnipeg. The lake is this part of the Hudson Bay and Nelson River drainage basins.

Larix laricina
Larix laricina, commonly known as the tamarack, hackmatack, eastern larch, black larch, red larch, or American larch, is a species of larch native to Canada, from eastern Yukon and Inuvik, Northwest Territories east to Newfoundland, and also south into the upper northeastern United States from Minnesota to Cranesville Swamp, West Virginia; there is also an isolated population in central Alaska.
Paul Smith (academic)
Paul Smith (born 1954 in Eastleigh, England) is an academic and cultural critic. He holds a B.A. in Modern and Medieval Languages from the University of Cambridge and a Ph.D in American Studies from the University of Kent. He is currently Professor of Cultural Studies at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, United States. His work covers many of the central themes of cultural studies, including feminism and gender studies, film studies, globalization and Marxist cultural criticism. He is elected vice-president of the Cultural Studies Association and was president of the Marxist Literary Group from 1988-1997.

Marxist Literary Group
The Marxist Literary Group (MLG) is an affiliate of the Modern Language Association centered on scholarly discussion of the contributions of Marxism and the Marxist tradition in the humanities and related disciplines. It holds an annual summer institute, holds sessions at the MLA convention, and publishes the journal Mediations. It is also an affiliate of the Midwest Modern Language Association and occasionally sponsors sessions at other regional MLA conferences.
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (SJNMA) was founded in 1884 as St. John's Military Academy (SJMA) in Delafield, Wisconsin, by the Rev. Sidney T. Smythe as a private, college preparatory school. In 1995, Northwestern Military and Naval Academy (NMNA) in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, merged with St. John's Military Academy to become St. John's Northwestern Military Academy on the Delafield campus. In 2020, a Leadership Academy was added and the combined schools became St. John's Northwestern Academies. SJNA (St. John's Northwestern Academies) is a coed independent boarding and day school for boys and girls in grades 6–12. St. John's Northwestern Summer Academy offers Little Lancers Day Camp, Summer Academy Plus, and ESL courses.

Lake Geneva, Wisconsin
Lake Geneva is a city in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. Situated on Geneva Lake, the population was 8,277 at the 2020 census. It is located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Milwaukee and 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Chicago.

Given its relative proximity to the Chicago and Milwaukee metropolitan areas, Lake Geneva has become a popular resort town that thrives on tourism. Since the late 19th century, it has been home to numerous lakefront mansions owned by wealthy Chicagoans as second homes, leading it to be nicknamed the "Newport of the West."
Andrew Ellice
Andrew Ellice was a Welsh army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1654. He served in the Parliamentary army.

Ellice was from Althrey in Wales. He was an officer in the Parliamentary army and was Commissioner of Sequestration for Denbighsire and Flintshire. On 18 June 1650, he was appointed by the London Committee to be steward of sequestered estates of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby in Flintshire. On 2 August 1650, he was ordered to secure Hawarden Castle. He was appointed by the Council of State as captain of a Troop of Horse for North Wales on 13 August 1650 and became a militia commissioner for North Wales on 23 March 1651.

In 1654, Ellice was elected member of parliament for Flintshire in the First Protectorate Parliament. In August 1654, with Sir John Trevor (elder) and Colonel Twistleton, he purchased the forfeited manors of the Earl of Derby and chose the manor of Mold.

James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby
James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby (31 January 1607 – 15 October 1651) was an English nobleman, politician, and supporter of the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Before inheriting the title in 1642 he was known as Lord Strange. He was feudal Lord of the Isle of Man ("Lord of Man"), where he was known as "Yn Stanlagh Mooar" ("the Great Stanley").
Adoption 2002
The Adoption 2002 Initiative was a program instituted in the United States during the late 1990s by the Clinton Administration.  Based on the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, the aim of the program was to lower barriers to adoption and double the rate of adoption of children in foster care by 2002 from a 1996 figure of 27,000 to a 2002 figure of 54,000.

The name "Adoption 2002" was first used for a report requested by President Bill Clinton by executive memorandum on December 14, 1996.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
Caligo beltrao
Caligo beltrao, the purple owl, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species can be found in Brazil.

The wingspan is about 120 mm.

The larvae feed on Canna indica, Calathea zebrina, Musa species, and Hedychium coronarium.

Goeppertia zebrina
Goeppertia zebrina, the zebra plant, is a species of plant in the family Marantaceae, native to southeastern Brazil. It is sometimes known by the synonym Calathea zebrina. Goeppertia zebrina has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Seminole State Park
Seminole State Park is a 604-acre (2.44 km2) state park located on the shores of Lake Seminole in the extreme southwest corner of Georgia. The park offers excellent fishing opportunities on the lake, as well as a tranquil getaway in one of the park's cottages or campsites. The park also offers a scenic nature trail to experience the forest in the park. The park also offers treehouse camping that sleeps up to fifteen people.  The park recently opened a new group shelter that seats up to two hundred people.

Campsite
Campsite, campground, and camping pitch are all related terms regarding a place used for camping (an overnight stay in an outdoor area). The usage differs between British English and American English.

In British English, a campsite is an area, usually divided into a number of camping pitches, where people can camp overnight using tents, campervans or caravans. In the US, the expression used is campground and not campsite. In American English, the term campsite generally means an area where an individual, family, group, or military unit can pitch a tent or park a camper; a campground may contain many campsites.

There are two types of campsites (US) or pitches (UK): one, a designated area with various facilities; or two, an impromptu area (as one might decide to stop while backpacking or hiking, or simply adjacent to a road through the wilderness).