hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pair-instability supernova
A pair-instability supernova is a type of supernova predicted to occur when pair production, the production of free electrons and positrons in the collision between atomic nuclei and energetic gamma rays, temporarily reduces the internal radiation pressure supporting a supermassive star's core against gravitational collapse. This pressure drop leads to a partial collapse, which in turn causes greatly accelerated burning in a runaway thermonuclear explosion, resulting in the star being blown completely apart without leaving a stellar remnant behind.

Pair-instability supernovae can only happen in stars with a mass range from around 130 to 250 solar masses and low to moderate metallicity (low abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium – a situation common in Population III stars).

Gravitational collapse
Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity. Gravitational collapse is a fundamental mechanism for structure formation in the universe. Over time an initial, relatively smooth distribution of matter, after sufficient accretion, may collapse to form pockets of higher density, such as stars or black holes.

Star formation involves a gradual gravitational collapse of interstellar medium into clumps of molecular clouds and potential protostars. The compression caused by the collapse raises the temperature until thermonuclear fusion occurs at the center of the star, at which point the collapse gradually comes to a halt as the outward thermal pressure balances the gravitational forces. The star then exists in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. During the star's evolution a star might collapse again and reach several new states of equilibrium.
Stagonomus
Stagonomus is a genus of shieldbug belonging to the family Pentatomidae, subfamily Pentatominae and tribe Eysarcorini, erected by Stanisław Batys Gorskiin 1852.  Species have been recorded from the Palaearctic and Oriental realms.

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 8
The European Tour 2013/2014 – Event 8 (also known as the 2014 Gdynia Open) was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 6–9 February 2014 at the Gdynia Sports Arena in Gdynia, Poland.

Neil Robertson was the defending champion, but he lost 3–4 against Alan McManus in the last 64.

Shaun Murphy won in the final 4–1 against Fergal O'Brien. This was Murphy's first title since the 2011 Brazil Masters 29 months earlier. Murphy also made the 104th official maximum break during his last 16 match against Jamie Jones. This was Murphy's third official 147 break, and the seventh in the 2013/2014 season.

Alan McManus
Alan McManus (born 21 January 1971) is a Scottish retired professional snooker player, and a current commentator and pundit for ITV, BBC and TNT on snooker coverage. A mainstay of the world's top sixteen during the 1990s and 2000s, he has won two ranking events, the 1994 Dubai Classic and the 1996 Thailand Open, and competed in the World Championship semi-finals in 1992, 1993 and 2016. He also won the 1994 Masters, ending Stephen Hendry's five-year, 23-match unbeaten streak at the tournament with a 9–8 victory in the final. McManus announced his retirement on 9 April 2021 after losing 6–3 to Bai Langning in the second qualifying round of the 2021 World Snooker Championship.
Enarj Enawga
Enarj Enawga (Amharic: እናርጅ እናውጋ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Gojjam Zone, Enarj Enawga is bordered on the south by Enemay, on the southwest by Debay Telatgen, on the west by Hulet Ej Enese, on the north by Goncha Siso Enese, on the northeast by Enbise Sar Midir, on the east by the Abbay River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, and on the southeast by Shebel Berenta. Towns in Enarj Enawga include Debre Werq and Felege Berhan.

South Wollo Zone
South Wollo (Amharic: ደቡብ ወሎ) is a zone in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It acquired its name from the former province of Wollo. South Wollo is bordered on the south by North Shewa and the Oromia Special Zone (Amhara), on the west by East Gojjam, on the northwest by South Gondar, on the north by North Wollo, on the northeast by Afar Region, and on the east by the Oromia Special Zone and the Argobba special woreda. Its highest point is Mount Tabor in Amhara Sayint, 4247 meter above sea level. Cities in South Wollo include Kombolcha, Hayq, Dessie, Wuchale, Wogel Tena and Wurgessa.

On 24 August 2009 Zonal authorities announced that approximately 540 safe water units were constructed during the past Ethiopian budget year at a cost of over 23 million birr, while another 878 units were repaired. This has improved the access to safe water from 51% to 61% of the Zone's inhabitants.
Matt Parrott
Mathies "Matt" Parrott (May 11, 1837 – April 21, 1900) was the Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1896 to 1898.

Born in Schoharie County, New York, Parrott moved to Iowa and was in the newspaper and printing business. He served in the Iowa Senate from 1886 to 1894 and was Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1896 to 1898.  He also served as Mayor of Waterloo from 1877 to 1880. He died in Battle Creek, Michigan in 1900.

Schoharie County, New York
Schoharie County (/skoʊˈhɛəriː/ skoh-HAIR-ee) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,714, making it the state's fifth-least populous county. The county seat is Schoharie. "Schoharie" comes from a Mohawk word meaning "floating driftwood." Schoharie County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area and thus the Capital District of New York. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
Dneprovka, Bryansk Oblast
Dneprovka (Russian: Днепровка) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Mokhonovskoye Rural Settlement, Starodubsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The population was 18 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Bryansk Oblast
Bryansk Oblast (Russian: Бря́нская о́бласть, romanized: Bryanskaya oblastʹ), also known as Bryanshchina (Брянщина, IPA: [ˈbrʲænʲɕːɪnə]), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Bryansk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,169,161.
Gordon Balfour
Gordon Bruce Balfour (December 25, 1882 – July 31, 1949) was a Canadian rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was the bowman of the Canadian boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxless four. He was also a crew member of the Canadian boat, which won the bronze medal in the men's eight.

Balfour graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1909 and later served in the Canadian Field Artillery in World War I.

Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery (French: Le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne), formerly and commonly known as the Royal Canadian Artillery, is the artillery personnel branch of the Canadian Army.
Outline of Northern Cyprus
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Northern Cyprus:

Northern Cyprus – de facto independent republic on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Officially it is the northern territory of the Republic of Cyprus.  The territory includes the Kokkina exclave, a pene-enclave "of" the rest of Cyprus, partly surrounded by sea.

The TRNC declared independence in 1983, nine years after a Greek Cypriot coup attempting to annex the island to Greece triggered an invasion by Turkey. It has received diplomatic recognition only from Turkey, on which it is dependent for economic, political and military support. The rest of the international community, including the United Nations and European Union, recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the whole island.

Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)
The Assembly of the Republic (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Meclisi) is the parliament of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It has 50 members, elected for a five-year term by mitigated proportional representation. A party must cross the electoral threshold (5% of the total vote) to be awarded any seats. The parliament is composed of 50 MPs, chosen from six electoral districts, which are coterminous with the districts of Northern Cyprus: Lefkoşa, Gazimağusa, Girne, Güzelyurt, Lefke and İskele.

In Northern Cyprus parliamentary elections, voters vote for individual candidates. There are two ways of voting.

Voters can vote for a party, which in effect is voting for every MP candidate from that party in that district once. The voter can further prioritize the MPs in this kind of voting.

Alternatively, the voter may not choose a party, but vote for candidates from different parties. In this kind of mixed voting, the voter cannot choose more than the number of MPs the district is allotted.
Stockholms Stora Pris
The Stockholms Stora Pris is a Group 3 flat horse race in Sweden open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run over a distance of 1,750 metres (1 mile and 165 yards) at Bro Park from 2016 (earlier at Täby before the closure of the venue), in June.

Täby Racecourse
Täby Racecourse, (Swedish: Täby Galopp), was a Thoroughbred horse racing venue located in Täby, approximately 15 kilometers north of Stockholm. Täby Racecourse was before its closure in 2016, the premier track in Scandinavia.
Sundara Swapnagalu
Sundara Swapnagalu (transl. Sweet dreams) is a 1986 Indian Kannada-language drama film directed by K. Balachander and written by Maniyan. The film featured Sridhar in the main role, along with Ramesh Aravind, making his on-screen debuts. Actress Tara, K. S. Ashwath and Vishwa Vijeth featured in the supporting roles. Produced by V. Natarajan of Kavithalaya Productions, the film had score and soundtrack were composed by Vijaya Bhaskar. The film was a remake of the director's own Tamil film Sollathaan Ninaikkiren.

This became the debut movie of Ramesh though he had shot first for another movie - Mouna Geethe which went on to be released shortly later. Ramesh earned acclaimed for reprising the role of Kamal Hassan in his debut movie itself. Impressed by his performance, Balachander went on to introduce Ramesh in both Tamil and Telugu - bringing a distinct trait of having been introduced in three different languages by the same director.

Pyramid Natarajan
Pyramid Natarajan is a former Indian actor and producer, who has appeared in character roles in Tamil cinema. He made his breakthrough as an actor playing a role in Mani Ratnam's Alai Payuthey (2000) portraying the role of Madhavan's father, before playing the antagonist in several films.
Ganmodoki
Ganmodoki (がんもどき, 雁擬き) is a fried tofu fritter made with vegetables, such as carrots, lotus roots and burdock. It may also contain egg. Ganmodoki means pseudo-goose (gan (がん, 雁) + pseudo (もどき)). This is because ganmodoki is said to taste like goose; compare mock turtle soup. Ganmodoki is also called ganmo for short.

In the Edo period, ganmodoki was a stir-fried konjac dish. A dish similar to the ganmodoki today was made by wrapping chopped up vegetables in tofu (much like a manjū) and deep frying it.

In Western Japan, Ganmodoki is called hiryōzu, hiryuzu or hirōsu, from the Portuguese word filhós or Spanish fillos.

Arctium
Arctium is a genus of biennial plants commonly known as burdock, family Asteraceae. Native to Europe and Asia, several species have been widely introduced worldwide. Burdock's clinging properties, in addition to providing an excellent mechanism for seed dispersal, led to the invention of the hook-and-loop fastener.
Sammel
Sammel is the surname of:

David Sammel (born 1961), South African tennis coach and author

Gwynn Sammel, South African tennis player, runner-up at 1977 Surrey Championships

Hans-Joachim Sammel, German footballer in 1. FC Union Berlin in 1970–1971

Kadri Sammel, Estonian musician in industrial band Forgotten Sunrise

Jutta Sammel, child actor in French-Swiss film Let's Dance (2007)

Mary D. Sammel, American biostatistician

Richard Sammel (born 1960), German actor

Forgotten Sunrise
Forgotten Sunrise is an Estonian industrial band founded in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Their sound has been described as "outdustrial" or "deathbeat" and compared to a mixture of Dead Can Dance, David Lynch, Katatonia, Celtic Frost and Clock DVA.
Richlands, North Carolina
Richlands is a town in Onslow County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Richlands had a population of 2,287. It is included in the Jacksonville, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Incorporated on March 29, 1880, it was the first town in Onslow County to have its own library and museum (home of the Onslow County Museum). Richlands was also the first town in Onslow County to have a female mayor, Annette Hargett.

Richlands is located 12 miles northwest of Jacksonville.

Jacksonville, North Carolina
Jacksonville is the county seat of and the most populous community in Onslow County, North Carolina, which is coterminous with the Jacksonville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 72,723, which makes Jacksonville the 14th-most populous city in North Carolina. Demographically, Jacksonville is the youngest city in the United States, with an average age of 22.8 years old, which can be attributed to the large military presence. The low age may also be in part due to the population drastically increasing over the past 80 years, from 783 in the 1930 census to 72,723 in the 2020 census.

It is the home of the United States Marine Corps' Camp Lejeune and New River Air Station. Jacksonville is located adjacent to North Carolina's Crystal Coast area.
Peter van der Westhuizen
Peter van der Westhuizen (born 21 December 1984) is a South African retired middle-distance runner who specialised in the 1500 metres. He represented his country at the 2009 World Championships and 2010 World Indoor Championships.

2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was held between 12 and 14 March at the Aspire Dome in Doha, Qatar. The championships was the first of six IAAF World Athletics Series events to take place in 2010.
Jason Guida
Jason Guida (born August 4, 1977) is an American former professional mixed martial artist who last competed for Bellator. A professional competitor from 2003 until 2014, he also fought for EliteXC, the WEC, KSW, Adrenaline MMA and World Extreme Fighting. Jason is the older brother of Ultimate Fighting Championship veteran Clay Guida.

Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (English: Martial Arts Confrontation), better known by its initials KSW, is  widely considered to be the premier mixed martial arts organization in Poland and one of the leading in Europe.
2000 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2000 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were the 79th NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 19th NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships at Wallace Wade Stadium at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina from  May 31 – June 3, 2000. In total, forty-two different men's and women's track and field events were contested.

Wallace Wade Stadium
Wallace Wade Stadium, in full Brooks Field at Wallace Wade Stadium, is a 35,018-seat outdoor stadium in the southeastern United States, located on the campus of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Primarily used for American football, it is the home field of the Duke Blue Devils of the Atlantic Coast Conference.

Opened in 1929, it was the first facility in Duke's new West Campus. Originally called Duke Stadium, it was renamed in 1967 for former head coach Wallace Wade. The playing surface was renamed Brooks Field at the beginning of the 2015 season after the removal of the track and lowering of the field-level seats.
Packard Model G
Packard Model G is a two cylinder car built in 1902 by the former American automobile manufacturer Ohio Automobile Company that changed its name to Packard Motor Car Company in October 1902.

At that time the company was located in Warren, Ohio; owners were brothers James Ward Packard and William Doud Packard and investor George Lewis Weiss. Model G was a development of the former single-cylinder cars the company had built since 1899 of which the last, Model F, was offered alongside the Model G. Introduction was in late summer 1902. Only four cars were built.

Cylinder (engine)
In an engine, the cylinder is the space in which a piston travels.

The inner surface of the cylinder is formed from either a thin metallic liner (also called "sleeve") or a surface coating applied to the engine block. A piston is seated inside each cylinder by several metal piston rings, which also provide seals for compression and the lubricating oil. The piston rings do not actually touch the cylinder walls, instead they ride on a thin layer of lubricating oil.
Montpelier, Jamaica
Montpelier is located near the western boundary of Saint James Parish, Jamaica, approximately 10 kilometres from the parish's capital Montego Bay. The Great River which marks the boundary between Saint James Parish and Hanover Parish separated the Old Montpelier and New Montpelier plantations from Shettlewood Pen. All three estates were owned by Lord Seaford. The  modern day village takes its name from the Montpelier Plantation.

Saint James Parish, Jamaica
St. James is a suburban parish, located on the north-west end of the island of Jamaica in the county of Cornwall. Its capital is Montego Bay (derived from the Spanish word manteca (lard) because many wild hogs were found there, from which lard was made). Montego Bay was officially named the second city of Jamaica, behind Kingston, in 1981, although Montego Bay became a city in 1980 through an act of the Jamaican Parliament. The parish is the birthplace of the Right Excellent Samuel Sharpe (died 1833), one of Jamaica's seven National Heroes.
Irina Gabiani
Irina Gabiani (born 1971) is a Georgia-born Italian and Luxembourgish visual artist based in Luxembourg. She studied at the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts and later at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam. Her work explores the interplay between the microcosm and the macrocosm, examining the hidden structures of existence, the perception of reality, and the fluidity of time and space.

Works by Gabiani are held in public collections including Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi, the National Library of Georgia, Tbilisi, Villa Croce Museum of Contemporary Art, Genoa, and Art Palace of Georgia – Museum of Cultural History, Tbilisi

Art Palace of Georgia - Museum of Cultural History
Art Palace of Georgia - Museum of Cultural History also referred to as Art Palace, (Georgian: საქართველოს ხელოვნების სასახლე – კულტურის ისტორიის მუზეუმი) is located in Tbilisi, Georgia. It is located on Kargareteli Street #6, and was the former Graph Oldenburg's Palace. The museum's exhibition halls are open from Tuesday till Sunday (10:30 - 17:30)

Until April 8, 2020, it was called the Georgian State Museum of Theater, Music, Cinema and Choreography. The name was changed according to the resolution of the Government of Georgia.
Owadowia
Owadowia is a genus of extinct thalassochelydian turtle from the Late Jurassic of Poland. The type and only species is Owadowia borsukbialynickae, named by Szczygielski and colleagues in 2017 for a partial lower jaw, coracoid, ilium and femur from the early Tithonian Kcynia Formation. The limited material means that it is difficult to compare Owadowia to its relatives, and it may not be a unique taxon. The genus lacks the features diagnostic to its parent clade Thalassochelydia, has similarities to Solnhofia and Portlandemys as well as being a Late Jurassic marine turtle like the remainder of the group.

Ilium (bone)
The ilium (/ˈɪliəm/) (pl.: ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.  All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, with the exception of some snake species which have a tiny bone considered to be an ilium.

The ilium of the human is divisible into two parts, the body and the wing; the separation is indicated on the top surface by a curved line, the arcuate line, and on the external surface by the margin of the acetabulum.

The name comes from the Latin (ile, ilis), meaning "groin" or "flank".
Ukrainians in Lithuania
The Ukrainians in Lithuania (Ukrainian: Українці, romanized: Ukraintsi; Lithuanian: Ukrainiečiai) numbered 14,168 persons at the 2021 Lithuanian census, and at 0.5% of the total population of Lithuania (approximately 2,810,761). The Ukrainian national minority in Lithuania has deep historical and cultural relations. Many prominent figures of Ukraine such as Taras Shevchenko, Meletius Smotrytsky, Yakiv Holovatsky, St. Yosafat (in the world — Ivan Kuntsevich, a religious figure of Greco-Catholic church canonized in 1967) and others stayed and created in Lithuania.

2021 Lithuanian census
The 2021 Lithuania Census was the first census in Lithuania carried out electronically. Basing on the recommendations of the United Nations and the July 9, 2008 European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No. 763/2008 on population and housing censuses, the censuses are carried out the same year every 10 years in all member states of the European Union. In Lithuania the census accounting day was January 1, 2021.

Within the framework of the census, in the following months a statistical study was carried out of the population's nationality, native language and professed faith. During the first stage in January-February the survey was carried out online for 56 thousand of residents, at the second stage in April-June the surveyors surveyed 115 thousand of residents who didn't take part in the online survey from 40 thousand households.
Ballacraine
Ballacraine (Manx: [baləˈkʰɾɛːn], "McCrayne" or "Craine's farm"; archaic Ballagarraghan Beg) is a site on the Isle of Man TT course, located between the 7th and 8th milestones of the track. It is at the junction of the A1 Douglas to Peel and A3 Castletown to Ramsey primary roads in the parish of German. It is now at the east end of the ribbon development of St. John's village. At the junction is the former public house, the Ballacraine Inn, now a private residence.

Ramsey, Isle of Man
Ramsey (Manx: Rhumsaa) is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man. It is the island's largest town after Douglas was granted city status in 2024.  Ramsey's population is 8,288 according to the 2021 Census. It has one of the biggest harbours on the Island, and has a prominent semi-derelict pier, called the Queen's Pier (currently under restoration). It was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland. Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by the Vikings and Scots.

Ramsey is also known as "Royal Ramsey" due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902.