hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Hampshire Junior Monarchs
The New Hampshire Junior Monarchs were a junior and youth ice hockey organization from Hooksett, New Hampshire, with teams in the United States Premier Hockey League (USPHL). Its highest level junior team played in the USPHL's National Collegiate Development Conference (NCDC).

Hooksett, New Hampshire
Hooksett is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,871 at the 2020 census, up from 13,451 at the 2010 census. The town is located between Manchester, the state's largest city, and Concord, the state capital. A prominent landmark is Robie's Country Store, a National Historic Landmark and a frequent stop for presidential candidates during the New Hampshire primary.

The central village in town, where 5,283 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Hooksett census-designated place and is located at a bridge crossing of the Merrimack River. The town also contains the census-designated place of South Hooksett.
Colorado Women's College
Colorado Women's College was a division of the University of Denver in Denver, Colorado, focusing on evening, weekend, and online courses for women. It originally opened in 1909 as a private women's college and merged with the University of Denver in 1982.

Women's college
Women's colleges in higher education are undergraduate, bachelor's degree-granting institutions, often liberal arts colleges, whose student populations are composed exclusively or almost exclusively of women. Some women's colleges admit male students to their graduate schools or in smaller numbers to undergraduate programs, but all serve a primarily female student body.
Texas's 31st Senate district
District 31 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that currently serves Andrews, Armstrong, Bailey, Borden, Briscoe, Carson, Castro, Cochran, Coke, Crane, Dallam, Dawson, Deaf Smith, Ector, Gaines, Glasscock, Hall, Hansford, Hartley, Hemphill, Howard, Hutchinson, Irion, Lipscomb, Loving, Martin, Midland, Mitchell, Moore, Ochiltree, Oldham, Parmer, Potter, Randall, Reagan, Roberts, Schleicher, Scurry, Sherman, Sterling, Swisher, Upton, Ward, Winkler, Yoakum counties in the U.S. state of Texas.

The current senator from District 31 is Kevin Sparks.

Irion County, Texas
Irion County (/ˈaɪriən/ EYE-ree-ən) is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,513. Its county seat is Mertzon. The county is named for Robert Anderson Irion, a secretary of state of the Republic of Texas.

Irion County is included in the San Angelo metropolitan statistical area.
Virajpet Clock Tower
Virajpet Clock Tower is a clock tower in the town of Virajpet in Kodagu district, in the Indian State of Karnataka. The tower was built to commemorate the coronation of George V at the Delhi Durbar in 1911, and was inaugurated in 1915. To mark its centenary, a philatelic cover was released by Karnataka Postal Circle on 16 January 2015.

Delhi Durbar
The Delhi Durbar (lit. "Court of Delhi") was the imperial mass assembly organized by the British Raj at Coronation Park, Delhi, India, to mark the accession of an Emperor or Empress of India. The ceremonial name was derived from the Persian term, durbar (royal court). Also known as the Imperial Durbar, it was held three times, in 1877, 1903, and 1911, at the height of the British Empire. The 1911 Durbar was the only one that a sovereign, George V, attended; at the earlier Durbars, the monarch was represented by their viceroy. A Durbar was contemplated in 1937 or 1938 for George VI, the last emperor, but was postponed. The Durbar was rendered obsolete by the emergence of India and Pakistan as independent nations following World War II.
Unarchigal
Unarchigal (transl. Feelings) is a 1976 Indian Tamil-language film co-written and directed by R. C. Sakthi in his directorial debut. The film stars Kamal Haasan and Srividya. It is a highly sensuous film which deals with sexually transmitted diseases, and subsequently the film ran into trouble with the censor board, prompting a delay in its release. The film was remade in Malayalam as Raasaleela which released in 1975, before the original.

Central Board of Film Certification
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952." The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited.
Tomorrowland Terrace
Tomorrowland Terrace is a name given to four quick-service restaurants located at three Disney Parks around the world—each in their respective Tomorrowland sections. The first opened in Disneyland Park in 1967, the second at Magic Kingdom Park in 1971, and the third at Tokyo Disneyland in 1983. The Tokyo version is the only one still operating under that name. A second Tomorrowland Terrace opened at Magic Kingdom (replacing the Plaza Pavilion) in 2004.

Disney Experiences
Disney Experiences, commonly known as Disney Parks, is one of the three major divisions of the Walt Disney Company. It was founded on April 1, 1971, exactly six months before the opening of the Walt Disney World Resort.

Led by Josh D'Amaro, the company's theme parks hosted over 157.3 million guests, making Disney Parks the world's most visited theme park company worldwide, with United Kingdom-based Merlin Entertainments coming in second at 67 million guests. It is Disney's largest business segment by employee headcount, with approximately 130,000 of the company's 180,000 employees as of 2015. In March of 2018, Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media was merged into Parks and Resorts and renamed Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. In September 2020, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products laid off 28,000 employees in wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bay State Automobile Co.
The Bay State Automobile Company was a Brass Era automobile manufacturer based in Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded by Rossell Drisko and Frederick E. Randall in 1906, and lasted to 1908.

It produced a touring car, the Bay State Forty.

Touring car
Touring car and tourer are both terms for open cars (i.e. cars without a fixed roof). "Touring car" is a style of open car built in the United States which seats four or more people. The style was popular from the early 1900s to the 1930s. The cars used for touring car racing in various series since the 1960s, are unrelated to these early touring cars, despite sharing the same name.

"Tourer" is used in British English for any open car. The term "all-weather tourer" was used to describe convertibles (vehicles that could be fully enclosed). A popular version of the tourer was the torpedo, with the hood/bonnet line level at the car's waistline giving the car a straight line from front to back.
1992 Australian Open
The 1992 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Flinders Park in Melbourne, Australia and was held from 13 through 26 January 1992. It was the 80th edition of the Australian Open and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year.

Lindsay Davenport
Lindsay Ann Davenport Leach (born June 8, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 98 weeks (including as the year-end No. 1 four times), and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 32 weeks. Davenport won 55 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including three majors (the 1998 US Open, 1999 Wimbledon Championships, and 2000 Australian Open), the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and the 1999 Tour Finals. She also won 38 doubles titles, including three majors (the 1996 French Open, 1997 US Open, and the 1999 Wimbledon Championships) and three consecutive Tour Finals.

In 2005, TENNIS Magazine ranked Davenport as the 29th-greatest player (male or female) of the preceding 40 years. She amassed career-earnings of US$22,166,338; formerly first in the all-time rankings. Davenport was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2014.
Frederick Daeche-Marshall
Frederick William Daeche-Marshall (born 10 August 1991) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Daeche-Marshall was born at Enfield in August 1991. He was educated at Mill Hill School, before going up to Loughborough University. While studying at Loughborough, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Loughborough MCCU against Nottinghamshire and Hampshire in 2012. He scored 36 runs in his two matches, with a high score of 32.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Kokemäki
Kokemäki (Finnish: [ˈkokeˌmæki]; Swedish: Kumo) is a town and municipality in the Satakunta Region of Finland. The town has a population of 6,662 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 531.27 square kilometres (205.12 sq mi) of which 50.04 km2 (19.32 sq mi) is water. The population density is 13.87 inhabitants per square kilometre (35.9/sq mi).

Finland is constitutionally bi-lingual with a Swedish speaking minority. The municipality is unilingual with the vast majority of the population speaking Finnish. Many, mostly younger, residents are able to understand or speak some English.

The American battery company Æsir Technologies Inc. has announced that it will establish a nickel hydroxide plant producing material for nickel-zinc batteries in the village of Peipohja of Kokemäki.

The Kokemäki coat of arms depicts the bishop's mitre.

Mitre
The mitre (Commonwealth English) or miter (American English; see spelling differences; both pronounced /ˈmaɪtər/ MY-tər; Greek: μίτρα, romanized: mítra, lit. 'headband') is a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial headdress of bishops and certain abbots in traditional Christianity. Mitres are worn in the Catholic Church, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (IOC), Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church (Jacobites), Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Anglican Communion, some Lutheran churches, for important ceremonies, by the Metropolitan of the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church, and also, in the Catholic Church, all cardinals, whether or not bishops, and some Eastern Orthodox archpriests.
Zemlianky, Chuhuiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast
Zemlianky (Ukrainian: Землянки) is a village in Chuhuiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Zemlianky was located in Vovchansk Raion. The raion was abolished on that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven.

Chuhuiv Raion
Chuhuiv Raion (Ukrainian: Чугуївський район) is a raion (district) in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Chuhuiv. Population: 194,177 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Chuhuiv Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Pechenihy, Vovchansk, and Zmiiv Raions, as well as the city of Chuhuiv, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Chuhuiv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,362 (2020 est.).
Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)
The Drachenfels ("Dragon's Rock", German pronunciation: [ˈdʁaxənˌfɛls]) is a hill (321 metres (1,053 ft)) in the Siebengebirge uplands between Königswinter and Bad Honnef in Germany. The hill was formed by rising magma that could not break through to the surface, and then cooled and became solid underneath. It is the subject of much tourism and romanticism in the North Rhine-Westphalia area.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
Ubuntu-restricted-extras
Ubuntu Restricted Extras is a software package for the computer operating system Ubuntu that allows the user to install essential software which is not already included due to legal or copyright reasons.

It is a meta-package that installs:

Support for MP3 and unencrypted DVD playback

Microsoft TrueType core fonts

Adobe Flash plugin

codecs for common audio and video files

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.
Paulette Bethel
Dr. Paulette A. Bethel is a Bahamian diplomat from the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. She started her professional career in 1980 in the international field as Assistant Social Affairs Officer in the Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs (CSDHA) in Vienna, Austria. She then joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bahamas) and served in  diplomatic posts for long years for her country.  She was a Special Adviser to the Office of the President of the Seventieth session of the United Nations General Assembly. She was previously the Permanent Representative of the Bahamas to the United Nations from 4 March 2003 to 31 March 2013. She was the first female Ambassador of The Bahamas to the United Nations. She had also worked as Director of the Department of Fellowships at the Organization of American States (OAS); the first such position for a national of Bahamas.

Permanent representative to the United Nations
A permanent representative to the United Nations (sometimes called a "UN ambassador") is the head of a country's diplomatic mission to the United Nations.

Of these, the most high-profile UN permanent representatives are those assigned to headquarters in New York City. However, member states also appoint permanent representatives to the other UN offices in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi.

Many countries call their UN permanent representative "UN ambassadors". Although a permanent representative holds the equivalent diplomatic rank of an ambassador (or chief of mission or high commissioner), they are accredited to an international organisation, and not to a head of state (as a nation's ambassador would be) or to a head of government (as a high commissioner would be).
Hock (surname)
Hock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Hock (born 1964), American businessman

Christian Hock (born 1970), German footballer and manager

Dee Hock (1929–2022), American businessman

Gareth Hock (born 1983), English rugby league player

Hans Henrich Hock (born 1938), American linguist

Robert Hock (born 1973), German ice hockey player

Adam Hock
Adam Hock (born October 9, 1964) is an American businessman who has founded and co-founded several companies in the financial sector. He was married to Latvian model Ginta Lapiņa, but the couple divorced in 2017.
Climate change in the Americas
For details on climate change in North America, please see:

Climate change in Canada

Climate change in the Caribbean

Climate change in Greenland

Climate change in Grenada

Climate change in Guatemala

Climate change in Honduras

Climate change in Mexico

Climate change in Nicaragua

Climate change in the United States

For details on climate change in South America, please see:

Climate change in Argentina

Climate change in Brazil

Climate of Chile

Climate change in Colombia

Climate change in Ecuador

Climate change in Guyana

Climate change in Paraguay

Climate change in Peru

Climate change in Suriname

Climate change in Uruguay

Climate change in Venezuela

Climate change in Grenada
Climate change in Grenada has received significant public and political attention in Grenada. As of 2013, the mitigation of its effects has been high on the agenda of the Government of Grenada, which seeks to set an example through innovation and green technology.
Bulia mexicana
Bulia mexicana is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Hans Hermann Behr in 1870. It is found from Chiapas in western Mexico south to north-western Costa Rica.

The larvae feed on Prosopis juliflora.

Neltuma juliflora
Neltuma juliflora  (Spanish: bayahonda blanca, Cuji in Venezuela, Trupillo in Colombia, Aippia in the Wayuunaiki language and long-thorn kiawe in Hawaii), formerly Prosopis juliflora, is a shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae, a kind of mesquite. It is native to Mexico, South America and the Caribbean. It has become established as an invasive weed in Africa, Asia, Australia and elsewhere. It is a contributing factor to continuing transmission of malaria, especially during dry periods when sugar sources from native plants are largely unavailable to mosquitoes.
Taylor Corners, Connecticut
Taylor Corners is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of New Fairfield, Connecticut, United States. It is in the southwestern corner of the town, bordered to the south by the city of Danbury, to the north by Ball Pond, and to the west by the town of Southeast in Putnam County, New York.

Taylor Corners was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Southeast, New York
Southeast is a town in Putnam County, New York, United States, so named for its location in the southeastern corner of the county. The population was 18,058 at the 2020 census. The town as a whole is informally referred to as Brewster, the town's principal settlement; the latter is also an incorporated village within the town's borders. Interstate 84, Interstate 684, U.S. Route 202, US Route 6, and NY 22 are the primary routes through the town.
Launch angle
In fiber optic telecommunications, the launch angle has the following meanings:

The angle, with respect to the normal, at which a light ray emerges from a surface.

The beam divergence at an emitting surface, such as that of a light-emitting diode (LED), laser, lens, prism, or optical fiber end face.

At an end face of an optical fiber, the angle between an input ray and the fiber axis. If the end face of the fiber is perpendicular to the fiber axis, the launch angle is equal to the angle of incidence.

In baseball, the "launch angle" is the angle, with respect to the ground level at home plate, at which a batted ball leaves the bat.

Prism (optics)
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled—elements with only two parallel surfaces are windows, not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Not all optical prisms are geometric prisms, and not all geometric prisms would count as an optical prism. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical materials include glass, acrylic and fluorite.

A dispersive prism can be used to break white light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow) to form a spectrum as described in the following section.  Other types of prisms noted below can be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.
Çatalan Bridge
The Çatalan Bridge (Turkish: Çatalan Köprüsü), also known as the West Bridge (Turkish: Batı Köprüsü), is a 1,575 m (5,167 ft) long bridge crossing the Seyhan Dam Lake in Adana, Turkey. The bridge connects the city of Adana to the villages and vacation homes north of the lake. Despite crossing the Seyhan Dam Lake, the bridge is named after the Çatalan Dam, which is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) north and the next dam upstream on the Seyhan River. The Çatalan bridge was the longest bridge in Turkey from its construction in 1998 to 2007, when it was surpassed by Viaduct No. 1 near Bolu and the longest bridge crossing a body of water until 2016, when it was surpassed by the Osman Gazi Bridge near Gebze.

Construction was started in 1998 by a consortium of three companies: Lurgi Bamag, STFA and ALKE. The bridge opened to traffic on 17 June 2002.

Gebze
Gebze (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈɟebze]), formerly known as Libyssa, is a working-class district and one of the municipalities in Kocaeli Province, Turkey.   Its area is 418 km2, and its population is 407,019 (2022). It is situated 65 km (30 mi) southeast of Istanbul, on the Gulf of Izmit, the eastern arm of the Sea of Marmara. Gebze is the largest district by population size in the province as of 2022, exceeding İzmit, the provincial capital.  Its population consists of a colossal working class, one of the largest in Turkey, as it hosts 10 industrial parks, in which hosts 1,384 companies and over 130,000 people are employed.
Bukele family
The Bukele family is a prominent Salvadoran  business and political family of Palestinian origins which has played a central role in the nations government since the 2019 election which brought Nayib Bukele, the current President of El Salvador, into power.

Political family
A political family (also referred to as a political dynasty) is a family in which multiple members are involved in politics, particularly electoral politics. Members may be related by blood or marriage; often several generations or multiple siblings may be involved.

A royal family or dynasty in a monarchy is generally not considered a "political family," although later descendants of a royal family have played political roles in a republic (such as the Arslan family of Lebanon). A family dictatorship is a form of hereditary dictatorship that operates much like an absolute monarchy, yet occurs in a nominally non-monarchic state.
Thérèse Encrenaz
Thérèse Encrenaz (née Gounon, born 1946) is a French planetary scientist who "played a leading role in the development of planetology in Europe". Her research concerns extraterrestrial atmospheres, particularly of the planets and comets in the Solar System. She is a research director for the CNRS, emeritus, affiliated with the Paris Observatory.

Extraterrestrial atmosphere
The study of extraterrestrial atmospheres is an active field of research, both as an aspect of astronomy and to gain insight into Earth's atmosphere. In addition to Earth, many of the other astronomical objects in the Solar System have atmospheres. These include all the giant planets, as well as Mars, Venus and Titan.

Several moons and other bodies also have atmospheres, as do comets and the Sun. There is evidence that extrasolar planets can have an atmosphere. Comparisons of these atmospheres to one another and to Earth's atmosphere broaden our basic understanding of atmospheric processes such as the greenhouse effect, aerosol and cloud physics, and atmospheric chemistry and dynamics.

In September 2022, astronomers were reported to have formed a new group, called "Categorizing Atmospheric Technosignatures" (CATS), to list the results of exoplanet atmosphere studies for biosignatures, technosignatures and related.