hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seyyed Hassan Eslami Ardakani
Seyyed Hassan Eslami Ardakani (born December 23, 1960) is an Iranian philosopher and professor of ethics at the University of Religions and Denominations. He is known for his expertise on virtue ethics, environmental ethics and research ethics. Eslami is a winner of Farabi International Award for his book Human Cloning in Catholic and Islamic Perspectives.

University of Religions and Denominations
The University of Religions and Denominations (Persian: دانشگاه اديان و مذاهب) is a teaching and research center in Qom, Iran. It focuses on the study of religions and Islamic sects.

The President of the University is Dr. Mostafa Jafartayyari. The university has four vice presidents: VP for Academic Affairs, VP for Research, VP for Cultural & Student Affairs and VP for Administrative & Financial Affairs. The university is also a member of the Islamic Seminary.
The Spartan Dame
The Spartan Dame is a 1719 tragedy by the Irish writer Thomas Southerne. It was inspired by a story from Plutarch's Life of Aegis and was originally written as early 1687, but faced a long period of censorship and revision. The Drury Lane managers chose to revive it at a time of tension with the Stanhope-led government Whigs over licensing issues, and may have selected it because its plot subtly allowed them to demonstrate sympathy with the opposition Whigs led by Robert Walpole following the recent Whig Split.

The actor-manager at Drury Lane, Colley Cibber appeared as Crites. Other members of the cast included John Mills as Leonidas, Barton Booth as Cleombrotus, Robert Wilks as Eurytion, Anne Oldfield as Celona, John Corey as Agesilius, William Mills as Mandrocles, James Oates as Thracion, and Mary Porter as Thelamia.

John Mills (stage actor)
John Mills (c.1670–1736) was a British stage actor. A long-standing part of the Drury Lane company from 1695 until his death, he appeared in both comedies and tragedies. His wife Margaret Mills was an actress, and his son William Mills also became an actor at Drury Lane.

He was a friend of the playwright Richard Steele and Robert Wilks the lead actor and manager at Drury Lane with whom he frequently appeared on stage. He died on 17 December 1736, thirteen days after performing in his final role as the King in Henry IV, Part 2.
Carl Evans
Carl Evans (born 16 August 1990 in Auckland) is a New Zealand sailor who represented New Zealand at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Evans attended Green Bay High School and sailed for the Kohimarama Yacht Club.

He made his international sailing debut in the 2003 North American Optimist championships. In 2006 he won the Tanner Cup, sailing a P-class sailing dinghy.

Evans later competed in the 420 class and partnered Peter Burling. In 2006 they won the 420 World Championships in Spain. They defended their title in 2007 in Auckland.

In 2008, they competed in the Beijing Olympics where they placed 11 out of 29 teams.

Optimist (dinghy)
The Optimist, also known as Opti, is a small, single-handed sailing dinghy intended for use by young people up to the age of 15.

The Optimist is one of the two most popular sailing dinghies in the world, with over 150,000 boats officially registered with the class and many more built but never registered. It is sailed in over 120 countries and it is one of only two sailboats as an International Class by World Sailing exclusively for sailors under 16.
Battle of Carnuntum
The Battle of Carnuntum took place in 170 AD during the Marcomannic Wars. In the spring of 170 AD swarms of Germanic warrior bands attacked Roman provinces along the Danube River. In furtherance of this endeavor, and for mutual protection, the king of the Marcomanni, Ballomar, had allied with the Quadi tribe. Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius with his son-in-law and chief military adviser Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus crossed the Danube River to drive back the raiders. The Romans and Germans met outside Carnuntum in Upper Pannonia, which was the headquarters for the Legio XIV Gemina. The Roman army was inexperienced and outmatched, and the ensuing battle was a disaster for the Romans. Although the legions fought hard and bravely, they were no match for the Germanic warriors. 20,000 Romans were killed. Following this victory the Germans besieged Aquileia and sacked Opitergium.

Oderzo
Oderzo (Latin: Opitergium; Venetian: Oderso) is a comune, with a population of 20,003, in the province of Treviso, in the Italian region of Veneto.
It lies in the heart of the Venetian plain, about 66 kilometres (41 miles) to the northeast of Venice.  Oderzo is crossed by the Monticano river, a tributary of the Livenza.

The centro storico, or town center, is rich with archeological ruins which give insight into Oderzo's history as a notable crossroad in the Roman Empire.
Ida Ou Gailal
Ida Ou Gailal is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 6431 people living in 1057 households.

Souss-Massa-Drâa
Souss-Massa-Drâa (Arabic: سوس ماسة درعة) was formerly one of the sixteen regions of Morocco from 1997 to 2015. It covered an area of 70,880 km2 and had a population of 3,601,917 (2014 census). The capital is Agadir. One of the major languages spoken in this region of Morocco is tasoussit variant of Tashelhit.
Fehmi Bülent Yıldırım
Fehmi Bülent Yıldırım (born 1966 in Erzurum) is a Turkish lawyer and the current president of Turkish NGO, İHH (İnsan Hak ve Hürriyetleri, İnsani Yardım Vakfı) which provided humanitarian relief in  Libya, Pakistan, Russia, China, Kashmir, Darfur, Sri Lanka, Rwanda, Somalia, Mauritania, Chile, the Philippines, Aceh, Myanmar, Greece, Crimea, and Haiti.

Erzurum
Erzurum (Armenian: Կարին, romanized: Karin; Kurdish: Erzîrom) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. It is the site of ancient Theodosiopolis.

The city uses the double-headed eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif that has been a common symbol throughout Anatolia since the Bronze Age.

Erzurum has winter sports facilities, hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade, and the 2023 Winter Deaflympics (in March 2024).
Vernon Fox
Vernon Lee Fox, III (born October 9, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Fresno State Bulldogs and was signed by the San Diego Chargers as an undrafted free agent after the 2002 NFL Draft.  Fox is currently an ordained minister and is an associate pastor in Las Vegas. He is a lead pastor at Salt Church International in Las Vegas, Nevada. In February 2013, he was hired to be head football coach and admissions counselor at Faith Lutheran Middle School and High School in Las Vegas.

Fox also played for the Detroit Lions, Denver Broncos, and  Washington Commanders.

Fresno State Bulldogs football
The Fresno State Bulldogs football team represents California State University, Fresno, in NCAA Division I FBS college football as a member of the Mountain West Conference (Pac-12 Conference in 2026). The green "V" on the Bulldogs' helmets, uniforms, and playing field symbolizes California's Central Valley, specifically the San Joaquin Valley, the agricultural valley from which they draw their support.
Monash Villareal FC
Monash Villarreal Football Club  is an Australian soccer club based in Hughesdale a suburb of Melbourne.  Monash City FC was established in 1997 from the ashes of the Oakleigh United Club and changed their name in 2020 following a successful partnership with LaLiga outfit Villarreal. The club currently competes in Victorian State League Division 4.

Hughesdale, Victoria
Hughesdale is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 14 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Monash local government area. Hughesdale recorded a population of 7,563 at the 2021 census.

Just 2sq km in size, it is the smallest suburb in the City of Monash. Hughesdale is bordered by Poath Road to the west, Dandenong Road to the north, Warrigal Road to the east and North Road to the south.

It is named after James Vincent Hughes, former mayor of City of Oakleigh who lobbied heavily for a new station for the area in the mid-1920s.
Salman Amer
Salman Amer  (Arabic: سلمان عمر; born 10 June 1976) is a former-professional footballer who played as a right back. Today use as manager of the West Bank Premier League club Hilal Al-Quds. Amer played almost his entire career in Hapoel Jerusalem except of one season in F.C. Ashdod. After his retirement, Amer signed for Hapoel Jerusalem's staff and in 2012 was appointed to head coach. In December 2015 signed for Hilal Al-Quds and later to Ahli Al-Khaleel there won the West Bank Cup. In summer 2020, he signed for Hapoel Bnei Lod, though he left in November.

Hapoel Bnei Lod F.C.
Hapoel Bnei Lod Rakevet F.C. (Hebrew: הפועל בני לוד) is a football club from the central Israeli city of Lod. The club plays in an all-red kit in , the third tier of Israeli football. Home matches are played at the Lod Municipal Stadium.
Pseudocyphellaria allanii
Pseudocyphellaria allanii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. Found in New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 1982 by Bernd Renner and David Galloway. The type specimen was collected by Galloway on the path to Emily Falls on Mount Peel (South Canterbury); here it was found growing on a fallen Pseudowintera on a stream bank. The lichen contains the secondary compounds 7β-acetoxyhopan-22-ol and hopan-15α-22-diol, which are derivatives of the triterpene compound hopane. The specific epithet allanii honours New Zealand botanist Harry Allan, who "described the vegetation of Mt Peel, and who later promoted interest in New Zealand lichens".

Peltigeraceae
The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae species have large and conspicuous, leathery thalli. They largely occur in cool-temperate to tropical montane climates. Tripartite thalli involving fungus, green algae and cyanobacteria are common in this family.
McDowell's Mill
McDowell's Mill, often referred to as McDowell's Fort, or Fort McDowell, was a privately-built and garrisoned stockaded blockhouse, built in 1755 in Pennsylvania and fortified in early 1756 during the French and Indian War. While it was a small, poorly built structure, it was the center of several notable events during the war. Even after it was superseded by Fort Loudoun in 1756, McDowell's Mill was garrisoned and served as an outpost until April 1757. After Pontiac's War it was abandoned, but the stockade stood until 1840.: 545

Captain Jacobs
Tewea, better known by his English name Captain Jacobs, (d. September 8, 1756) was a Lenape chief during the French and Indian War.: 174  Jacobs received his English name from a Pennsylvanian settler named Arthur Buchanan, who thought the chief resembled a "burly German in Cumberland County."
Węgoryty
Węgoryty [vɛŋɡɔˈrɨtɨ] (German: Wangritten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Bartoszyce and 53 km (33 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Bartoszyce
Gmina Bartoszyce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its seat is the town of Bartoszyce, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 427.82 square kilometres (165.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,769.
Mary Hatcher
Mary Hatcher (June 6, 1929 – April 3, 2018) was an American coloratura soprano and actress whose screen career spanned the years from 1946-51. During that time she appeared in eight films, mostly in credited roles and several times as leading lady.

Isn't It Romantic (1948 film)
Isn't It Romantic is a 1948 American black-and-white comedy musical film from Paramount Pictures, directed by Norman Z. McLeod and starring Veronica Lake and Billy De Wolfe. Supporting actors included Mona Freeman, Richard Webb and Pearl Bailey. Although it takes its title from a 1932 song by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, it is based on a novel called Gather Ye Rosebuds by Jeannette C. Nolan.

The plot of Isn't It Romantic is set in Indiana after the Civil War and is about three daughters courted by three young men.
Echorouk El Yawmi
Echorouk or Ech Chorouk El Yawmi (Arabic: الشروق اليومي, romanized: aš-Šurūq al-Yawmi, lit. 'The Daily Dawn') is a daily newspaper in Algeria published Saturday to Thursday in the tabloid format. It is the second-largest daily Arabophone newspaper (after El Khabar).

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Rotor (mathematics)
A rotor is an object in the geometric algebra (also called Clifford algebra) of a vector space that represents a rotation about the origin. The term originated with William Kingdon Clifford, in showing that the quaternion algebra is just a special case of Hermann Grassmann's "theory of extension" (Ausdehnungslehre).  Hestenes defined a rotor to be any element  of a geometric algebra that can be written as the product of an even number of unit vectors and satisfies , where  is the "reverse" of —that is, the product of the same vectors, but in reverse order.

Origin (mathematics)
In mathematics, the origin of a Euclidean space is a special point, usually denoted by the letter O, used as a fixed point of reference for the geometry of the surrounding space.

In physical problems, the choice of origin is often arbitrary, meaning any choice of origin will ultimately give the same answer. This allows one to pick an origin point that makes the mathematics as simple as possible, often by taking advantage of some kind of geometric symmetry.
Huw Jenkins
Huw Jenkins is a British businessman, currently vice chairman of the board of BTG Pactual, based in London. He is a managing partner of the firm as well as a member of the Global Management Committee. Jenkins is also chairman of Engelhart Commodities Trading Partners (ECTP), formerly known as BTG Pactual Commodities, which was spun out of BTG Pactual in 2016.

Jenkins joined BTG Pactual as a consultant in 2009 and became a partner in 2010. Prior to BTG he held several positions at UBS Investment Bank, including chairman and chief executive officer, global head of equities, head of equities for the Americas and head of Asia-Pacific equities. Prior to joining UBS, he worked at Barclays de Zoete Wedd and Hill Samuel.

Hill Samuel
Hill Samuel is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lloyds Banking Group's Offshore Private Banking unit. It was formerly a leading British merchant bank and financial services firm before the takeover by TSB Group Plc in 1987, which itself merged with Lloyds Bank to become Lloyds TSB in 1995.
Édouard Laberge
Édouard Laberge (August 21, 1829 – August 22, 1883) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Châteauguay in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1882 as a Liberal.

He was born in Sainte-Philomène, Lower Canada, the son of François Laberge and Appoline Brault. Laberge was educated at the collège de Montréal and McGill University. He qualified to practise as a doctor in 1856 and set up practice at Sainte-Philomène. In 1862, he married Nathalie Poulin. Laberge died in office at Sainte-Philomène at the age of 54.

Châteauguay (provincial electoral district)
Châteauguay is a provincial riding (electoral district) in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It notably includes the city of Châteauguay.

It was originally created in 1867 (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada).  Its final election was in 1936.  It disappeared in the 1939 and its successor electoral district was Châteauguay-Laprairie.

However, Châteauguay-Laprairie only existed for one election.  Châteauguay was re-created for the 1944 election.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it lost Sainte-Catherine to the newly created Sanguinet electoral district.
Ullmann condensation
The Ullmann condensation or Ullmann-type reaction is the copper-promoted conversion of aryl halides to aryl ethers, aryl thioethers, aryl nitriles, and aryl amines. These reactions are examples of cross-coupling reactions.

Ullmann-type reactions are comparable to Buchwald–Hartwig reactions but usually require higher temperatures. Traditionally, these reactions require high-boiling, polar solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, nitrobenzene, or dimethylformamide and high temperatures (often in excess of 210 °C) with stoichiometric amounts of copper. Aryl halides are required to be activated by electron-withdrawing groups. Traditional Ullmann style reactions used "activated" copper powder, e.g. prepared in situ by the reduction of copper sulfate by zinc metal in hot water. The methodology improved with the introduction of soluble copper catalysts supported by diamines and acetylacetonate ligands.

Diamine
A diamine is an amine with two amino groups. Diamines are used as monomers to prepare polyamides, polyimides, and polyureas. The term diamine refers mostly to primary diamines, as those are the most reactive.
Kailuka
Kailuka is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, on the island of Saaremaa, Estonia. In 2011 there were 64 inhabitants, including 34 men and 30 women. Of these, 62 were Estonians. In 2000 the population was 75, including 35 men and 40 women. There were 74 permanent residents. Of these, 73 were Estonians.

Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Pihtla Parish.

Saare County
Saare County (Estonian: Saare maakond or Saaremaa; Latin: Oesel; Danish: Øsel; German: Ösel; Swedish: Ösel) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It consists of Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it, most notably Muhu, Ruhnu, Abruka, and Vilsandi. The county borders Lääne County to the east, Hiiu County to the north, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Saare County had a population of 31,292, which was 2.4% of the population of Estonia.
2022 Kazakhstan Super Cup
The 2022 Kazakhstan Super Cup was the 13th Kazakhstan Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League, Tobol, and the winners of the previous season's Kazakhstan Cup, Kairat. The game was played on 2 March 2022 at the Astana Arena in Nur-Sultan, with Tobol beating Kairat 2–1 with Aybar Zhaksylykov scoring a 89th-minute winner. Serikzhan Muzhikov gave Tobol the lead in the 30th minute from the penalty spot, before João Paulo equalised for Kairat 10 minutes later.

Serikzhan Muzhikov
Serikzhan Urstemuly Muzhikov (Kazakh: Серікжан Урстемұлы Мұжықов, romanized: Serıkjan Urstemūly Mūjyqov; born 17 June 1989) is a Kazakhstan international football player who plays for Elimai in the Kazakhstan Premier League.
2012–13 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team
The 2012–13 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented the University of Kentucky in the 2012–13 college basketball season. The team's head coach was John Calipari, who was in his fourth season. They played their home games at Rupp Arena and were members of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 21–12, 12–6 in SEC play to finish in a three-way tie for second place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the SEC tournament to Vanderbilt. They were invited to the 2013 NIT where they lost in the first round to Robert Morris.

2013 SEC men's basketball tournament
The 2013 SEC men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southeastern Conference held from March 13–17, 2013 in Nashville, Tennessee at Bridgestone Arena.  The first round and quarterfinal rounds were televised through the SEC Network and ESPNU, and the semifinals and finals were broadcast nationally on ABC.
Provadia
Provadia (Bulgarian: Провадия [proˈvadijɐ]) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province, located in a deep karst gorge (Provadia syncline) along the Provadiya River not far from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is the administrative centre of Provadia Municipality. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 12,901.

Provadia served as a customs point since ancient times. It is well known for salty mineral waters, its mild climate and a total of 70 km of caves in the surrounding mountain walls. It can be reached by train from Sofia or Varna and there are also hourly buses from and to Varna, and a sophisticated road system.

Syncline
In structural geology, a syncline is a fold with younger layers closer to the center of the structure, whereas an anticline is the inverse of a syncline.   A synclinorium (plural synclinoriums or synclinoria) is a large syncline with superimposed smaller folds.  Synclines are typically a downward fold (synform), termed a synformal syncline (i.e. a trough), but synclines that point upwards can be found when strata have been overturned and folded (an antiformal syncline).
Ricardo Fabini
Ricardo Fabini Belhot (born 6 May 1967) is a Uruguayan sailor silver medallist in the Pan American Games, and World champion, Western Hemisphere champion and South American champion in the Snipe class.

Snipe Western Hemisphere and Asia Championship
The Snipe Western Hemisphere and Asia Championship is an international sailing regatta in the Snipe class. The fleet of winning skipper is awarded the Hayward Western Hemisphere Trophy, donated by Commodore John T. Hayward, of Tulsa, Oklahoma. 3 races shall constitute a regatta. It was named Snipe Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship until 2023.

It is sailed every two years (even years), on alternate years with the World Championship, since 1950. The Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship and the European Championship are the main competitions after the Worlds.

Five qualified teams from each county in the Western Hemisphere and Japan, the current champion, the current world champion (providing it represents a WH&O nation), the prior year North American and Orient champions (providing each represents a Western Hemisphere and Orient nation) and the current year South American champion are entitled to compete.