hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Group III intron
Group III intron is a class of introns found in mRNA genes of chloroplasts in euglenid protists. They have a conventional group II-type dVI with a bulged adenosine, a streamlined dI, no dII-dV, and a relaxed splice site consensus.: fig. 2  Splicing is done with two transesterification reactions with a dVI bulged adenosine as initiating nucleophile; the intron is excised as a lariat. Not much is known about how they work, although an isolated chloroplast transformation system has been constructed.

Euglenid
Euglenids or euglenoids are one of the best-known groups of eukaryotic flagellates: single-celled organisms with flagella, or whip-like tails. They are classified in the phylum Euglenozoa, class Euglenida or Euglenoidea. Euglenids are commonly found in fresh water, especially when it is rich in organic materials, but they have a few marine and endosymbiotic members. Many euglenids feed by phagocytosis, or strictly by diffusion. A monophyletic subgroup known as Euglenophyceae have chloroplasts and produce their own food through photosynthesis. This group contains the carbohydrate paramylon.

Euglenids split from other Euglenozoa (a larger group of flagellates) more than a billion years ago. The plastids (membranous organelles) in all extant photosynthetic species result from secondary endosymbiosis between a euglenid and a green alga.
Bancroft, Kentucky
Bancroft is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1970. The population was 503 as of the 2020 census, up from 494 at the 2010 census.

Kentucky General Assembly
The Kentucky General Assembly, also called the Kentucky Legislature, is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kentucky.  It comprises the Kentucky Senate and the Kentucky House of Representatives.

The General Assembly meets annually in the state capitol building in Frankfort, convening on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January. In even-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 60 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond April 15. In odd-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 30 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond March 30. Special sessions may be called by the Governor of Kentucky at any time and for any duration.
Puka Pukara
Puka Pukara (Quechua puka red, pukara fortress, "red fortress", hispanicized spellings Pucapucara, Puca Pucara, Puca Pucará) is a site of military ruins in Peru situated in the Cusco Region, Cusco Province, Cusco District, near Cusco. This fort is made of large walls, terraces, and staircases and was part of defense of Cusco in particular and the Inca Empire in general.

The name probably comes from the red color of the rocks at dusk. Puka Pukara is an example of military architecture that also functioned as an administrative center.

Cusco District
Cusco is a district in the northern Cusco Province within the Cusco Region of Peru. It is bordered by districts of Ccorca and Poroy on the west, the provinces of Anta, the Calca, and Urubamba on the north, the San Jerónimo District on the east, and the districts of Santiago and San Sebastián to the south.
Harvard College China Forum
The Harvard College China Forum (HCCF, Chinese: 哈佛中国论坛) is an annual conference on US-China relations organized by students of Harvard University. It originated from the academic journal Harvard China Review in 1997.

Graham Allison
Graham Tillett Allison Jr. (born March 23, 1940) is an American political scientist and the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

He is known for his contributions in the late 1960s and early 1970s to the bureaucratic analysis of decision making, especially during times of crisis. His book Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection, co-written with Peter L. Szanton, was published in 1976 and influenced the foreign policy of the Carter administration.

Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism.
Vasilios Borbokis
Vasilios Borbokis (Greek: Βασίλειος Μπορμπόκης; born 10 February 1969) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a right back. He is the younger brother of the former Greek international, Stefanos.

Greek Football Super Cup
The Greek Football Super Cup (Greek: Σούπερ Καπ Ελλάδος Ποδοσφαίρου), formerly known as Friendship and Solidarity Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Φιλίας και Αλληλεγγύης) and now officially known as Betsson Super Cup (Greek: Betsson Σούπερ Καπ) for sponsorship reasons  is a Greek association football one-match competition, which is contested annually between the champions of the previous Super League Greece season and the holders of the Greek Cup.
Aristotle of Chalcis
Aristotle (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης) of Chalcis in Euboea was a historical writer of ancient Greece. He is mentioned by the writer Harpocration as the author of a work on the islands of Euboea (Περὶ Εὐβοίας).

Some scholars over the years—mostly prior to the 19th century—have been inclined to think that this Aristoteles is not a distinct person, and that the work on Euboea ascribed to him is only another name for the Εὐβοέων πολιτεία of the more well known philosopher Aristotle. There is not broad scholarly consensus for this conjecture.

Euboea
Euboea (/juːˈbiːə/ yoo-BEE-ə; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, romanized: Eúboia, IPA: [ěu̯boi̯a]), also known as Evia (/ˈɛviə/ EV-ee-ə; Modern Greek: Εύβοια, IPA: [ˈevi.a]), is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only 40 m (130 ft) at its narrowest point), the North Euboean Gulf, and the South Euboean Gulf. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about 180 km (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 km (31 mi) to 6 km (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboia in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

It forms most of the regional unit of Euboea, which also includes Skyros and a small area of the Greek mainland.
Joop Gouweleeuw
Job Johannes "Joop" Gouweleeuw (5 September 1940 – 29 January 2017) was a Dutch judoka. He competed in 93 kg event at the 1965 and 1966 European Judo Championships, winning a silver and gold medal, respectively. He also competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was born in Delft, South Holland.

Gouweleeuw died on 29 January 2017 in Delft, at the age of 76.

Judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics
The judo competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics was the first time the sport was included in the Summer Olympic Games. As a result, decades of judo being officially banned as an "imperialist sport" in the Soviet Union ended shortly before the Games started, as Soviet authorities prioritized winning medals above all else. The medals were awarded in 4 classes, and competition was restricted to men only. The competition was held in the Nippon Budokan, which was built to host the competition.
Jethwa dynasty
Jethwa dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over present day Gujarat region of India from 7th century AD till middle of 20th century, when India became independent. It was a Rajput dynasty ruled by Jethwa clan of Rajputs.

Porbandar
Porbandar is a city and the headquarters of the Porbandar district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi and Sudama. It was the former capital of the Porbandar princely state. Porbandar and Chhaya are the twin cities, of each other and both cities are jointly governed by Porbandar–Chhaya Municipal Corporation.
1923 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team
The 1923 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) during the 1923 college football season. In their first year under head coach R. R. Brown, the Aggies compiled a 9–0 record, shut out five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 218 to 17. The team played home games on Miller Field, sometimes also referred to as College Field.

1923 college football season
The 1923 college football season saw several teams finish their seasons unbeaten and untied. As such, numerous schools claim a national championship for the 1923 season. Illinois (coached by Bob Zuppke) and Michigan (coached by Fielding "Hurry-Up" Yost), both members of what is now the Big Ten Conference, finished with records of 8–0 and were selected as national champion by multiple selectors. Illinois featured break-out star Red Grange. Ivy League teams Yale and Cornell also had undefeated seasons. Cornell was selected as national champion by one selector.

Southern Methodist University (SMU) had a record of 9–0, thanks to coach Ray Morrison bringing the forward pass to the southwest.  Teams that had no defeats, but had been tied, were California (9–0–1), Texas (8–0–1), and Kansas (5–0–3).

In the 1924 Rose Bowl, Washington tied Navy 14–14.
Alverdo Adair Geitgey
Alverdo Adair Geitgey Geitgey (1864–1932) was a Baker County, Florida landowner and developer who helped found Glen St. Mary. He was also a citrus grower and a pecan grower. Geitgey is listed as a Great Floridian.

Geitgey was born in Ohio. He worked in the natural gas business and spent winters in North Florida where he purchased more than 12,000 acres in Baker County. In 1916, he relocated to Glen St. Mary and began developing the town and agriculture.

North Florida
North Florida is a region of the U.S. state of Florida comprising the northernmost part of the state. Along with South Florida and Central Florida, it is one of Florida's three most common "directional" regions. It includes Jacksonville and nearby localities in Northeast Florida, an interior region known as North Central Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. North Florida is considered to be part of the Southern United States, namely the Deep South, and contains the state capital of Tallahassee.
Kanstresios
Christianity portal

The kanstresios (Greek: κανστρήσιος) was an official of the Orthodox patriarchate of Constantinople during the Byzantine Empire. Ranked between a protonotarios and a referendarios, he supervised offerings.

Those who have held the post include Manuel Dishypatos of the order of the Levites (probably to be identified with Manuel Opsaras Dishypatos, Metropolitan of Thessaloniki from 1258) and Demetrios Chloros (14th century).

The title is not to be confused with the kastresios, which was a court office related to the provisioning of the palace and the imperial table, usually held by eunuchs.

Prothonotary
A prothonotary is the "principal clerk of a court," from Late Latin prothonotarius (c. 400), from Greek protonotarios "first scribe," originally the chief of the college of recorders of the court of the Byzantine Empire, from Greek πρῶτος protos "first" + Latin notarius ("notary"); the h appeared in Medieval Latin. The title was awarded to certain high-ranking notaries, and was first  recorded in the English language in 1447.
Autophila cerealis
Autophila cerealis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Otto Staudinger in 1871. It is found in the Near East and Middle East, from Turkey and the Levant to Central Asia and the Arabian Peninsula.

There are two generations per year. Adults are on wing from October to June.

The larvae feed on Salvia species.

Otto Staudinger
Otto Staudinger (2 May 1830 – 13 October 1900) was a German entomologist and a natural history dealer considered one of the largest in the world specialising in the collection and sale of insects to museums, scientific institutions, and individuals.
Summa Irunga Machan
Summa Irunga Machan (transl. Be quiet man!) is a 1996 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by S. N. Prasad. The film stars Pandiarajan, Pragathi and Divyasri, with Malaysia Vasudevan, Kovai Sarala, Kavitha, Charle and Alex playing supporting roles. It was released on 15 March 1996. The film was remade in Telugu as Iddaru Attala Muddula Alludu (2006).

Charle
Velmurugan Thangasamy Manohar (born 6 March 1960), professionally credited as Charle (/tʃɑːrli/), is an Indian actor who works in Tamil cinema. He has acted in more than 800 Tamil films as a comedian and supporting actor. Charle was named after the English actor Charlie Chaplin.
Pacific white skate
The Pacific white skate (Bathyraja spinosissima) is a species of skate in the family Arhynchobatidae. It is one of the deepest-living of all skates, occurring at a depth of 800 to 2,906m  (2,600 and 9,500 feet) on the continental slope. It is native to the southeast Pacific Ocean from the Galapagos Islands to off Waldport, Oregon; an egg case and embryo have been collected from the Farallon Islands off San Francisco. In 2023, the largest nursery of the species was discovered off the Pacific coast of Canada.

Skate (fish)
Skates are cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea of rays. More than 150 species have been described, in 17 genera. Softnose skates and pygmy skates were previously treated as subfamilies of Rajidae (Arhynchobatinae and Gurgesiellinae), but are now considered as distinct families. Alternatively, the name "skate" is used to refer to the entire order of Rajiformes (families Anacanthobatidae, Arhynchobatidae, Gurgesiellidae and Rajidae).

Members of Rajidae are distinguished by a stiff snout and a rostrum that is not reduced.
240th Fighter Aviation Division
The 240th Fighter Aviation Division (240 IAD) was a fighter aircraft formation of the Soviet Air Forces during World War II. It saw its most eventful actions during that war, and in 1949 became the 119th Fighter Aviation Division.

Battle of Nevel (1943)
The Battle of Nevel was a successful military operation conducted by the Red Army in the Pskov Oblast of western Russia and in northern Belarus during World War II, from October 6 to roughly December 16, 1943, although fighting persisted in the area into the new year.

The initial attack created an unexpected breakthrough of the German defenses and liberated the town of Nevel on the first day and subsequent attacks over the next four days created a salient about 35km wide and 25 km deep at the junction between German Army Groups North and Center. Through the following weeks the forces of 1st Baltic Front continued to expand the salient and attempt to outflank and encircle the units of German 16th Army and 3rd Panzer Army to its north and south while those same units, at Hitler's orders, "held the goalposts" and attempted to cut off the salient itself. Hitler finally conceded these efforts were futile on December 16 as 1st Baltic continued attacking southwards toward Vitebsk.
Heure-en-Famenne
Heure-en-Famenne (French pronunciation: [œʁ ɑ̃ famɛn], lit. 'Heure in Famenne') is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Somme-Leuze, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

The location appears to have been inhabited already by the Franks, as a Frankish burial site has been discovered just outside the village. In 876, Louis the German donated a royal estate here to one of his confidants. The village belonged to Waulsort Abbey until 1739. During the 19th century, there were pyrite and lead mines operating in the village. They closed in 1939. The village church dates from the 17th century. In the village there is also a memorial commemorating four civilians shot by German troops in 1914, during World War I and the Rape of Belgium.

Waulsort Abbey
Waulsort Abbey (French: Abbaye de Waulsort) was a Benedictine monastery located at Waulsort, Wallonia, now in Hastière in the province of Namur, Belgium.

The monastery was founded in 946 by Irish monks. They were invited by Eilbert de Florennes who wanted to found an abbey in reparation for a wrongful act committed. Saint Maccallin and Saint Cathróe were the first two abbots. Saint Forannan (d. 980) was also subsequently abbot of Waulsort.

The abbey was dissolved during the French Revolution in 1793, when it was sacked. The surviving structures have been remodelled as a private house.

The former abbey is principally known as the owner, from the 10th to the 18th century, of the Lothair Crystal.
Sainikudu
Sainikudu (transl. Soldier) is a 2006 Indian Telugu-language political action drama film co-written and directed by Gunasekhar and produced by C. Aswani Dutt and Swapna Dutt. It stars Mahesh Babu, Trisha and Irrfan Khan in the lead roles, while Prakash Raj, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Telangana Shakuntala, and Ajay play supporting roles. The film marks Irrfan Khan's only Telugu film till date. The music, cinematography and editing were handled by Harris Jayaraj, Balasubramaniem and A. Sreekar Prasad.

Sainikudu was released on 30 November 2006 and became a box-office bomb. The film was partially reshot in Tamil as Kumaran, with a comedy track involving Vadivelu.

Swapna Dutt
Swapna Dutt Chalasani (born 30 August 1981) is an Indian film producer known for her work in Telugu cinema. She is the daughter of C. Ashwini Dutt, a well-known Indian film producer and the founder of Vyjayanthi Movies.

She began her career in filmmaking at the age of 18 as an associate producer of the movie Azad (2000). Soon after her first project, she co-produced movies with her father under his banner Vyjayanthi Movies with her sister Priyanka Dutt. Both Priyanka and Swapna revived Swapna Cinema in 2014. Swapna later produced Mahanati, for which she received a National Award, and later, Sita Ramam.
Bugle (electoral division)
Bugle (Cornish: Karnrosveur) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2009 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being divided between the new divisions of Roche and Bugle, Lostwithiel and Lanreath, and Penwithick and Boscoppa.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
Chen Xiaoxin
Chen Xiaoxin (Chinese: 陈晓欣; born 24 April 1998) is a Chinese badminton player. Chen started playing badminton in 2006, and has won some junior international tournament includes the mixed team event at the 2014 World Junior Championships. She made her first senior international debut at the 2015 Indonesia Masters, and won her first senior title at the 2017 Swiss Open.

2017 Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2017 Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold was the fifth Grand Prix's badminton tournament of the 2017 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland on 14–19 March 2017 and had a total purse of $120,000.
The International Alliance of Independent Publishers
The International Alliance of Independent Publishers (known in France as L'Alliance internationale des éditeurs indépendants) is a French non-profit association, known in particular for its work on the Fair Book label and the notion of bibliodiversity. It was founded in 2002, following a meeting of book professionals in Paris, France in 2001.

It has received long-term or occasional support from institutions such as the Charles Léopold Mayer Foundation, the Ford Foundation, UNESCO, the Latin Union, the Organisation internationale de la francophonie, and the Prince Claus Foundation.

Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer
The Grand Prix Charles-Léopold Mayer (Charles-Léopold Mayer Prize) is awarded annually by the Académie des Sciences (French Academy of Sciences) de l'Institut de France (the French Institute) to researchers who have performed outstanding work in the biological sciences; especially in the areas of cell or molecular biology. Citizens or residents of any nation are eligible for the prize, but it is never awarded to individuals of the same nation two years in a row, nor is the prize ever presented to scholars who are more than 65 years of age. Between the first presentation of the award in 1961 and the year 2009, there have been more than 60 laureates, eleven of whom subsequently received the Nobel Prize in medicine, physiology, or chemistry.

The prize is named after French biochemist Charles Léopold Mayer.
Frank Cervell
Colonel Frank Rutger Cervell (22 February 1907 – 3 September 1970) was an officer in the Swedish Air Force and a fencer. He won bronze medals in the team épée event at the 1948 Summer Olympics and 1937 World Championships, as well as a world championship silver in 1938.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Beyond the Witch Trials
Beyond the Witch Trials: Witchcraft and Magic in Enlightenment Europe is an edited volume edited by the historians Owen Davies and Willem de Blécourt. It was first published by Manchester University Press in 2004. It consists of ten essays on the continued practice of magic and the belief in witchcraft in Europe during the European Enlightenment after the end of the witch trials in the early modern period. It was accompanied by Witchcraft Continued: Popular Magic in Modern Europe, dealing with the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, also published by Manchester University Press in 2004.

Manchester University Press
Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England, and a publisher of academic books and journals. Manchester University Press has developed into an international publisher. It maintains its links with the University.
Kontovazaina
Kontovazaina (Greek: Κοντοβάζαινα) is a village and a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Gortynia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 137.496 km2. Achaea borders the municipal unit to the north and Elis to the west. It is situated in mountainous northwestern Arcadia, between the rivers Erymanthos and Ladon. The Ladon reservoir is in easternmost part of the municipal unit, and the mountain Afrodisio (1,447 m elevation) is in the north. The village Kontovazaina is situated in a valley, 3 km north of the Ladon. It is considered a traditional settlement.

Ladon (river)
The Ladon (Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Λάδων, Ládōn; Demotic Greek: Λάδωνας, Ládōnas) is a river in the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It features in Greek mythology. It is a tributary to the river Alfeios, which empties into the Ionian Sea. It is 70 km (43 mi) long.