hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Markov's principle
Markov's principle (also known as the Leningrad principle), named after Andrey Markov Jr, is a conditional existence statement for which there are many equivalent formulations, as discussed below. The principle is logically valid classically, but not in  intuitionistic constructive mathematics. However, many particular instances of it are nevertheless provable in a constructive context as well.

Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas (also called wffs or simply formulas).

The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.
Netherlands at the 1988 Summer Paralympics
Netherlands competed at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea. The team included 110 athletes, 76 men and 34 women. Competitors from Netherlands won 83 medals, including 30 gold, 24 silver and 29 bronze to finish 8th in the medal table.

1988 Summer Paralympics
The 1988 Summer Paralympics (Korean: 1988년 하계 패럴림픽; RR: Cheon gubaek palsip-pal nyeon hagye paereollimpik) were the first Paralympics in 24 years to take place in the same city as the Olympic Games. They took place in Seoul, South Korea. This was the first time the term "Paralympic" was used officially.
Lambaréné
Lambaréné is a town and the capital of Moyen-Ogooué in Gabon. It has a population of 38,775 as of 2013, and is located 75 kilometres south of the equator.

Lambaréné is based in the Central African Rainforest at the river Ogooué. This river divides the city into 3 districts: Rive Gauche, Ile Lambaréné and Rive Droite. The Albert Schweitzer Hospital and the districts Adouma and Abongo are located on Rive Droite. The districts Atongowanga, Sahoty, Dakar, Grand Village, Château, Lalala and Bordamur build the Ile Lambaréné. The majority of the people in Lambaréné live in the district Isaac located on Rive Gauche. This district hosts the Lambaréné Airport.

Today Lambaréné is inhabited mainly by Bantu ethnic groups such as the Fang, Bapounou, Eshira, and Myéné; these displaced the Pygmies to the east and north of Gabon. The main economic activity in the town is the fishery and a new port is under construction.

Beti-Pahuin peoples
The Beti-Pahuin are a Bantu ethnic group located in Center region of Cameroon. Though they separate themselves into several individual clans, they all share a common origin, history and culture. Estimated to be well over 8 million individuals in the early 21st century, they form the largest ethnic group in central Cameroon and its capital city of Yaounde. Their Beti languages are mutually intelligible.
Mitch Green
Mitch Green (born January 13, 1957) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1980 to 2005. He is best known for being the second man to have gone the distance with Mike Tyson in 1986, who was undefeated at the time. Two years later, in 1988, Green ended up fighting Tyson again in a notorious street brawl. A toothpick dangling between his lips became his trademark at any public appearance.

Toothpick
A toothpick is a small thin stick of wood, plastic, bamboo, metal, bone or other substance with at least one and sometimes two pointed ends to insert between teeth to remove detritus, usually after a meal. Toothpicks are also used for festive occasions to hold or spear small appetizers (like cheese cubes or olives) or as a cocktail stick, and can be decorated with plastic frills or small paper umbrellas or flags.
Maurizia Cacciatori
Maurizia Cacciatori (born 6 April 1973) is an Italian former volleyball player and sports commentator.

Born in Carrara, Cacciatori has racked up 228 appearances in the Italian national team, winning a gold medal at the 2001 Mediterranean Games and being awarded best setter at the 1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.

Carrara
Carrara (/kəˈrɑːrə/ kə-RAR-ə; Italian: [kaˈraːɾa]; Emilian: Carara, Emilian: [kaˈɾaːɾa]) is a town and comune in Tuscany, in northern Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some 100 kilometres (62 mi) west-northwest of Florence. Its motto is Latin: "Fortitudo mea in rota" ("My strength is in the wheel"), a reference firstly to the marble shipping industry from Roman times onwards.

During the contemporary era, the city and the surrounding region are closely linked to the history of the anarchist movement, with a significant part of its population being anarchist and many congresses being held there—one of the most notable being the Congress of Carrara (1968), which founded the International of Anarchist Federations (IAF), one of the main anarchist organizations to this day.
MY Ocean Warrior
MY Ocean Warrior is a cutter-class vessel owned and operated by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society as research/survey patrol vessel. She is used in their direct action campaigns against whaling and illegal fisheries activities.

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) is a non-profit, marine conservation activism organization based in Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, Washington, in the United States. Sea Shepherd employs direct action tactics to achieve its goals, most famously by deploying its fleet of ships to track, report on and actively impede the work of fishing vessels believed to be engaged in illegal and unregulated activities causing the unsustainable exploitation of marine life.

Sea Shepherd has been criticised by some environmental groups and national governments that oppose its tactics. The Japanese government, whose whaling industry is a leading target of the organization's efforts, has called Sea Shepherd eco-terrorists for "impeding their research".
Plagiodontes dentatus
Plagiodontes dentatus is a recent species of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods in the family Cyclodontinidae. It occurs in Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.

Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈentɾe ˈri.os], 'Between Rivers') is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires (south), Corrientes (north) and Santa Fe (west), and Uruguay in the east.

Its capital is Paraná (391,000 inhabitants), which lies on the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe.

Together with Córdoba and Santa Fe, since 1999, the province is part of the economic-political association known as the Center Region.
Elizabeth Vargas
Elizabeth Anne Vargas (born September 6, 1962) is an American television journalist who is the lead investigative reporter/documentary anchor for A&E Networks, and was the host for Fox's revival of America's Most Wanted (2021). She began her new position on May 28, 2018, after being an anchor of ABC's television newsmagazine 20/20 and ABC News specials for the previous 14 years. She is also a news anchor for NewsNation, where she hosts Elizabeth Vargas Reports, currently based in New York City.

In 2006 Vargas was co-anchor of World News Tonight alongside ABC News journalist Bob Woodruff.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
Brodin
Brodin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Brodin, musician from Omaha, Nebraska

Camilla Brodin (born 1979), Swedish politician

Claude Brodin (1934–2014), French Olympic fencer

Daniel Brodin (born 1990), Swedish ice hockey player

Elin Brodin (born 1963), Norwegian novelist

Emilia Brodin (born 1990), Swedish footballer

Gösta Brodin (1908–1979), Swedish sailor, competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics

Helena Brodin (born 1936), Swedish actress

Helena Brodin (sailor) (born 1970), Swedish sailor

Jacques Brodin (born 1946), French fencer

Jesper Brodin (born 1968), Swedish business leader, CEO of Ingka Group

Jonas Brodin (born 1993), Swedish ice hockey player

Norbert Brodin (1896–1970), American film cinematographer

Emilia Brodin
Emilia Elisabeth Brodin (née Appelqvist; born 11 February 1990) is a Swedish footballer who played as a midfielder. She joined previous club Piteå IF for the 2014 season, having been on loan from Tyresö FF for the second part of the 2013 season. She has also played top-level club football for Bälinge IF and AIK. Appelqvist made her debut for the Sweden women's national football team in February 2014.
Arthur Hoérée
Arthur Hoérée (16 April 1897 in Brussels – 2 June 1986 in Paris) was a Belgian musicologist, critic, conductor and composer.

He studied at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels from 1908 to 1912, then at the Conservatoire de Paris.

He was a lecturer and a professor at the École normale de musique, École de la radio à Montrouge and the Sorbonne University.

He wrote music reviews in many French periodicals including the prestigious and famous La Revue Musicale of Henry Prunières.

A specialist in French music, Hoérée has transcribed and produced several works by François Couperin, and he has published two monographs on Albert Roussel (Paris, 1938, 1969).

His activities as a composer extend to film and stage music. He often collaborated with Arthur Honegger. He had the composer and organist André Jorrand as student in his course of instrumentation.

École Normale de Musique de Paris
The École Normale de Musique de Paris "Alfred Cortot" (ENMP) is a conservatoire located in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. The school was founded in 1919 by Auguste Mangeot and Alfred Cortot. The term école normale (English: normal school) meant a teacher training institution, and the school was intended to produce music teachers as well as concert performers. It is officially recognised by the Ministry of Culture and Communication and is under the patronage of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The school is not recognised by the Bologna Process.
Susquehanna Bank
Susquehanna Bank was a Lancaster, Pennsylvania-based bank which operated over 260 branches in four states including Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia. Susquehanna Bank's parent company was Susquehanna Bancshares, Inc. (Nasdaq: SUSQ) a regional financial services holding company based in Lititz, Pennsylvania with assets of approximately US$18,000,000,000 and 3,400 employees.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Listed buildings in Ringway, Manchester
Ringway is a civil parish in Manchester, England. It contains five listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish is almost completely occupied by Manchester Airport and its approach roads, and what otherwise remains is rural. The listed buildings consist of houses and a bridge.

Ringway, Manchester
Ringway is a civil parish on the southern border of Manchester, England. Historically in Cheshire, it is the only civil parish in the city of Manchester. The population at the 2011 census was 103. Ringway is home to Manchester Airport.
SMS Crocodill
There were two ships in the Prussian Navy and later German Imperial Navy named SMS Crocodill:

SMS Crocodill (1860) - a Jäger-class gunboat launched in 1860

SMS Crocodill (1879) - a Wespe-class armored gunboat launched in 1879

SMS Crocodill (1879)
SMS Crocodill was an ironclad gunboat of the Wespe class built for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in the 1870s. The ships, which were armed with a single 30.5 cm (12 in) MRK L/22 gun, were intended to serve as part of a coastal defense fleet. Because Crocodill was a purely defensive vessel, she saw little active use, apart from brief stints in active service for sea trials in 1880, followed by training exercises in 1884 and then 1894–1895. During the latter period, she served as the flagship of the Wespe-class gunboats assigned to the Baltic Sea. Crocodill reprised the role in 1897 and again in 1900. The ship was struck from the naval register in 1911 and then used as a target ship until 1913, when she was converted into a floating workshop. Crocodill was broken up after 1918.
Opéra imaginaire
Opéra imaginaire (translates as "an opera for the imagination") is a 1993 live-action animated musical anthology television film. It has been compared to films like Fantasia and Allegro Non Troppo, and consists of 12 different segments, most of which are based on different popular operas. All of these segments are done in a greater variety of animation styles than Fantasia had done. It was nominated for best production at the CableACE Awards in 1994.

Anthology film
An anthology film (also known as an omnibus film, package film or portmanteau film) is a single film consisting of three or more shorter films, each complete in itself and distinguished from the other, though frequently tied together by a single theme, premise, or author. Sometimes each one is directed by a different director or written by a different author, or may even have been made at different times or in different countries. Anthology films are distinguished from "revue films" such as Paramount on Parade (1930)—which were common in Hollywood in the early decades of sound film, composite films, and compilation films.

Anthology films are often mistaken for hyperlink cinema. Hyperlink cinema shows parts of many stories throughout a film, whereas anthology films show story segments of one at a time. Some mistaken examples include Pulp Fiction (1994) and Amores Perros (2000), distributing their storylines non-chronologically, separated by segments.
Alexander Kravchenko (poker player)
Alexander Kravchenko (Russian: Александр Кравченко; born 21 April 1971) is a professional poker player based in Moscow, Russia. In the 2007 World Series of Poker, he cashed six times, including finishing fourth at the Main Event and the $1,500 Limit Omaha Hi/Lo event where he won his first career WSOP bracelet. Kravchenko had some other notable cashes in 2007, including making the final table (finishing fifth) in the inaugural World Series of Poker Europe tournament, a £2,500 buy-in H.O.R.S.E. event, as well as finishing 3rd in the Moscow Millions, which featured the largest ever prizepool for a tournament held in Russia.

As a result of his success at the 2007 World Series of Poker, Kravchenko passed Kirill Gerasimov to become the all-time leading money winner among Russian players at the time.  He is also the first Russian citizen to win a WSOP bracelet.

As of 2014, his live tournament winnings exceed $4,000,000. His 32 cashes at the WSOP account for $2,661,909 of those winnings.

World Series of Poker Europe
The World Series of Poker Europe (WSOPE) is the first expansion effort of World Series of Poker-branded poker tournaments outside the United States. Since 1970, participants had to travel to Las Vegas if they wanted to compete in the World Series of Poker (WSOP). Although the WSOP held circuit events in other locations, the main tournaments, which awarded bracelets to the winners, were exclusively held in Las Vegas. The inaugural WSOPE, held in 2007, marked the first time that a WSOP bracelet was awarded outside Las Vegas.  From its inception to the 2013 tournament, players from 19 countries — USA (10), France (4), UK (3), Denmark (3), Canada (2), Norway (2), Portugal (2), Italy (2), Afghanistan, Germany, Indonesia, Spain, New Zealand, Sweden, Tunisia, Switzerland, Australia, Italy and Finland — have won bracelets.
Death of Mutula Kilonzo
On 27 April 2013, Kenyan politician and lawyer Mutula Kilonzo, who was serving as the first Senator of Makueni County, died at his ranch in Maanzoni, Machakos County. A requiem mass was held at the Nairobi Baptist Church in Nairobi on 8 May, followed by his burial at his home village in Makueni County, in line with his wishes.

A postmortem into Kilonzo's death found "serious internal bleeding characteristic with poisoning" according to reports. However, in late 2014, an inquest was launched after it emerged that toxicology samples to establish the source of the poisoning had been tampered with. In 2020, the inquest concluded that Kilonzo's death had not been due to foul play.

In June 2017, an official government report on Kilonzo's death was released, citing "massive haemorrhage into the chest and cranial cavity" as the cause of death.

Mutula Kilonzo
Mutula Kilonzo (2 July 1948 – 27 April 2013) was a Kenyan politician and Senior Counsel, who served as Minister of Education after having previously served as Minister for Nairobi Metropolitan and justice and constitutional affairs He belonged to the Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya (now Wiper Democratic Movement) and was elected to represent Makueni County as Senator in the 2013 general elections.
Thembisile Hani Local Municipality
Thembisile Hani Municipality (Southern Ndebele: UMasipaladi weThembisile Hani; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Thembisile Hani; Zulu: UMasipala iThembisile Hani) is a local municipality within the Nkangala District Municipality, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. It is a semi-urban local municipality consisting of 57 villages within which there are 5 established townships.

The municipality is named after Thembisile Chris Hani, the Secretary General of the South African Communist Party, who was assassinated on 10 April 1993. Flare fm SA is a popular local successful radio station based in KwaMhlanga in the Thembisile Hani Local Municipality

Nkangala District Municipality
Nkangala is one of the 3 districts of Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The seat of Nkangala is Middelburg. The Nkangala District Municipality consists of 160 towns and villages. The most spoken language of its 1,308,129 people is IsiNdebele with 28.4%, closely followed by Zulu speakers (2011 Census). The district code is DC31.
1972–73 KNVB Cup
The 1972-73 KNVB Cup was the 55th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 46 teams contested, beginning on 29 October 1972 and ending at the final on 31 May 1973.

Ajax unsuccessfully defended its 1972 title losing on 10 December 1972 in the Second round, when the 18 Eredivisie teams entered this round, NAC, 2–2 (penalty shootout).

NAC successfully pursued its first KNVB Cup defeating NEC, 2–0. NAC contested in the Cup Winners' Cup.

KNVB Cup
The KNVB Beker (pronounced [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː ˈbeːkər]; English: KNVB Cup), branded as the Eurojackpot KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top four tiers of Dutch league football (Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie, Tweede Divisie and Derde Divisie), as well as the 24 semi-finalists (or replacements) of the six KNVB District Cups. The finals of the tournament traditionally takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since the 1989 final. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruyff Shield, (equivalent to a super cup) which acts as the curtain raiser for the following season.
Moggar
Moggar is a village in the commune of Sidi Slimane, in Megarine District, Ouargla Province, Algeria. The village is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of Sidi Slimane and 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Touggourt.

Touggourt
Touggourt (Arabic: ﺗﻗﺮت or تڤرت; Berber languages: ⵜⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ, romanized: Tugurt, lit. 'the gateway' or 'the gate') is a city and commune, former sultanate and capital of Touggourt District, in Touggourt Province, Algeria, built next to an oasis in the Sahara. As of the 2008 census, the commune had a population of 39,409 people, up from 32,940 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.8%. Touggourt's urban area includes the communes of Nezla, Tebesbest and Zaouia El Abidia, for a total population of 146,108.

Touggourt is notable for its date trees. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, which the French filled up. Bradt Travel Guides describe it as "largely a modern town of block architecture" and "largely unattractive. The centre is quiet most of the day due to the heat but is more active at night when people take to the streets."
Manipur State Election Commission
Manipur State Election Commission is an autonomous and statutory body constituted in Indian state of Manipur for ensuring that elections in are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures creation and safeguarding of the powers of State Election Commissions. Manipur State Election Commission is responsible for conducting elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. Manipur State Election Commissioner is appointed by Governor of Manipur.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
Freakier Friday (soundtrack)
Freakier Friday (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to a 2025 American film Freakier Friday, directed by Nisha Ganatra, which was released on August 1, 2025, by Hollywood Records. The album features a compilation of varied genres performed by Lindsay Lohan, Chantry Johnson, Maitreyi Ramakrishnan, Julia Butters, Christina Vidal Mitchell and The Beaches.

Julia Butters
Julia Butters (born April 15, 2009) is an American actress. She began her career at the age of five, and starred as Trudi Fraser in the film Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019), for which she was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Actor/Actress, and as Reggie Fabelman in The Fabelmans (2022). She rose to prominence for playing Anna-Kat Otto in American Housewife (2016–2020), and for playing Harper Coleman in Freakier Friday (2025).