hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ubuy
Ubuy co is a cross-border e-commerce platform based in Kuwait that allows customers to shop for products from international markets. The company provides services in more than 180 countries and handles cross-border retail transactions, with deliveries managed by global shipping providers like FedEx and DHL Express.

According to Daily News and Analysis newspaper Ubuy started with MENA region.

FedEx
FedEx Corporation, originally known as Federal Express Corporation, is an American multinational conglomerate holding company specializing in transportation, e-commerce, and business services. The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. The name "FedEx" is a syllabic abbreviation of its original air division, Federal Express, which operated under this name from 1973 until 1994.

FedEx is best known for its delivery service,  as well as FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Office, FedEx Supply Chain, FedEx Freight, and several other services through a network of subsidiaries. These expansions have often been strategic moves to compete with its primary rival, UPS.

The company's air shipping operations are centralized at its primary hub at Memphis International Airport, making it a critical hub for global logistics.
Jim Halpin
James Nathaniel Halpin (October 4, 1863 – January 4, 1893), a native of England, was a Major League Baseball shortstop/third baseman.  He played for the Worcester Ruby Legs (1882), Washington Nationals (1884 Union Association), and Detroit Wolverines (1885).  At just 18 years of age, he was the youngest player to appear in a National League game in 1882.

Halpin made his major league debut in a home game against the Buffalo Bisons at Worcester Driving Park Grounds.  The Ruby Legs defeated future Hall of Famer Pud Galvin 6-3.  Halpin played just one more game for Worcester before returning to the big leagues two years later.

In 63 total games he hit .165 (38-for-230) with 5 doubles and 27 runs scored.  He was a slightly below-average fielder for his era, making 51 errors in 263 total chances (.806).

Halpin died at the age of 29 in Boston, Massachusetts.

Buffalo Bisons (National League)
The original Buffalo Bisons baseball club played in the National League between 1879 and 1885. The Bisons played their games at Riverside Park (1879–1883) and Olympic Park (1884–1885) in Buffalo, New York. In 1886, they moved into minor league baseball as members of the original International League.

The original IL Bisons would leave in 1971 to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, as the Winnipeg Whips, before eventually landing in Scranton, Pennsylvania (after an additional five moves). The franchise currently plays in Moosic, Pennsylvania, as the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders. The current Buffalo Bisons, founded in 1979, include the history of the NL Bisons; it is thus the only NL team from the 19th century that both still exists and no longer plays in Major League Baseball.
2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
In May 2012, two major earthquakes struck Northern Italy, causing 27 deaths and widespread damage. The events are known in Italy as the 2012 Emilia earthquakes, because they mainly affected the Emilia region.

The first earthquake, registering magnitude 6.1, struck in the Emilia-Romagna region, about 36 kilometres (22 miles) north of the city of Bologna, on 20 May at 04:03 local time (02:03 UTC). The epicentre was between Finale Emilia, Bondeno and Sermide. Two aftershocks of magnitude 5.2 occurred, one approximately an hour after the main event and another approximately eleven hours after the main event. Seven people were killed.

A magnitude 5.8 earthquake struck the same area nine days later, on 29 May, causing an additional twenty deaths and widespread damage, particularly to buildings already weakened by the 20 May earthquake. The epicentre was in Medolla: the quake itself occurred at a depth of about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi).

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now mostly the modern state of Indonesia. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which ceded Dutch Malacca, a governorate of the Dutch East Indies that was transferred to Great Britain has consolidated modern-day rule to the Malacca state of Malaysia. It was divided into three governorates, namely the Great East, Borneo (Kalimantan) and Sumatra, and into three provinces in Java. Provinces and governorates were further divided into residencies. Residencies under the provinces were divided into regencies (Dutch: regentschappen), and residencies under governorates were divided into departments (Dutch: Afdeelingen, modern spelling afdelingen) and then further into regentschappen.

The following list is the divisions of the Dutch East Indies in 1942, prior to the Japanese occupation in World War II.

Dutch Malacca
Dutch Malacca (1641–1825) was the longest period that Malacca was under foreign control. The Dutch ruled for almost 183 years with intermittent British occupation during the French Revolutionary and later the Napoleonic Wars (1795–1815). This era saw relative peace with little serious interruption from the Malay sultanates due to the understanding forged between the Dutch and the Sultanate of Johor in 1606. This period also marked the decline of Malacca's importance. The Dutch preferred Batavia (present-day Jakarta) as their economic and administrative centre in the region and their hold in Malacca was to prevent the loss of the city to other European powers and, subsequently, the competition that would come with it. Thus, in the 17th century, with Malacca ceasing to be an important port, the Johor Sultanate became the dominant local power in the region due to the opening of its ports and the alliance with the Dutch.
Charles Mainor
Charles Mainor (born January 23, 1967) is an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 31st Legislative District. Mainor is a police detective in Jersey City. He succeeded L. Harvey Smith, who did not seek re-election in 2009.

Mainor graduated from New Jersey City University with a B.S. degree in criminal justice. He ran unsuccessfully for the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders twice before his election to the Assembly in 2009.

New Jersey's 31st legislative district
New Jersey's 31st legislative district is one of 40 districts that make up the map for the New Jersey Legislature. It covers the Hudson County municipalities of Bayonne, Kearny, and most of Jersey City.
Paul Emmanuel (artist)
Paul Emmanuel is a South African artist best known for his prints, drawings and installations. Emmanuel graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in 1994, with a BA Fine Art.  In 2024, he graduated with a Master’s degree in Fine Arts from the Maryland Institute College of Art, Baltimore, USA. Emmanuel currently lives and works in Johannesburg.

Printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets, used during the sixth century. Printing by pressing an inked image onto paper (using woodblock printing) appeared later that century. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
Paul Germain
Paul Lazarus Germain (born June 6, 1959) is an American writer, director, and producer. Germain—along with Arlene Klasky and Gábor Csupó—was one of the creators of the Nickelodeon animated series Rugrats. He also co-created the series Recess and Lloyd in Space, also having worked on The Tracey Ullman Show and Even Stevens.

By the age of 24, Germain was credited on Terms of Endearment, Say Anything..., Big and Broadcast News, which was produced by James L. Brooks for Gracie Films. He worked with Rugrats colleague Joe Ansolabehere to create Disney's Recess and Lloyd in Space. Germain and Ansolabehere formed the television production company Paul & Joe Productions. They worked in tandem on Pound Puppies for Discovery Family and Disney Junior's Goldie & Bear. He was a screenwriter on the direct-to-DVD film Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue.

Broadcast News (film)
Broadcast News is a 1987 American romantic comedy-drama film written, produced and directed by James L. Brooks. The film concerns a virtuoso television news producer (Holly Hunter) who has daily emotional breakdowns, a brilliant yet prickly reporter (Albert Brooks), and the latter's charismatic but far less seasoned rival (William Hurt). It also stars Robert Prosky, Lois Chiles, Joan Cusack, and Jack Nicholson. The film was produced by Gracie Films and distributed by 20th Century Fox.

The film was acclaimed by critics and at the 60th Academy Awards received seven nominations, including Best Picture. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.".
Harold Goodwin (professor)
Harold Goodwin (born 23 June 1952) is an English educator, academic and Responsible Tourism campaigner and expert. He was Professor of Responsible Tourism Management at Leeds Metropolitan University from 2006 until 2013 and then went on to join Manchester Metropolitan University where he remains a Professor Emeritus and a senior fellow in the Institute of Place Management. He is also the responsible tourism advisor for the World Travel Market.

Leeds Beckett University
Leeds Beckett University (LBU), formerly known as Leeds Metropolitan University (LMU) and before that as Leeds Polytechnic, is a public university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It has campuses in the city centre and Headingley. The university's origins can be traced to 1824, with the foundation of the Leeds Mechanics Institute. Leeds Polytechnic was formed in 1970, and was part of the Leeds Local Education Authority until it became an independent Higher Education Corporation on 1 April 1989. In 1992, the institution gained university status. The current name was adopted in September 2014.
Fivemile Creek (Spring River tributary)
Fivemile Creek is a stream in Newton County, Missouri and Ottawa County, Oklahoma in the United States. It is a tributary of the Spring River in northeastern Oklahoma.

The stream headwaters arise at 36°56′16″N 94°31′42″W﻿ / ﻿36.93778°N 94.52833°W﻿ / 36.93778; -94.52833 at 1,153 ft (351 m) elevation. The stream flows to the northwest and passes under Missouri Route 43 just south of the community of Hornet. It passes into the northeast corner of Oklahoma and under I-44. It turns to the southwest, flows past the community of Five Mile and enters the Spring River approximately 2.5 miles south of Baxter Springs, Kansas. The confluence is at 36°58′48″N 94°42′03″W﻿ / ﻿36.98000°N 94.70083°W﻿ / 36.98000; -94.70083 at an elevation of 797 ft (243 m).

The watercourse of Fivemile Creek is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) from Neosho, Missouri, hence the name. However, the headwaters of the stream are approximately nine miles northwest of Neosho and it flows to the northwest away from the city.

Interstate 44
Interstate 44 (I-44) is an Interstate Highway in the central United States. Although it is nominally an east–west road as it is even-numbered, it follows a more southwest–northeast alignment. Its western terminus is in Wichita Falls, Texas, at a concurrency with U.S. Route 277 (US 277), US 281, and US 287; its eastern terminus is at I-70 in St. Louis, Missouri. I-44 is one of five Interstates built to bypass US 66; this highway covers the section between Oklahoma City and St. Louis. Virtually the entire length of I-44 east of Springfield, Missouri, was once US 66, which was upgraded from two to four lanes from 1949 to 1955. The section of I-44 west of Springfield was built farther south than US 66 in order to connect Missouri's section with the already completed Will Rogers Turnpike, which Oklahoma wished to carry their part of I-44.
Szymon Konarski
Szymon Konarski (Lithuanian: Simonas Konarskis; 1808–1839) was a 19th-century Polish-Lithuanian radical democratic politician and revolutionary, one of the leaders of the November Uprising of 1831. As a politician, he supported the radical idea of social and economic equality for all men, as well as the right of political and national liberty and self-governance. Konarski supported the idea of land reform in the form of parceling out aristocratic estates among the poor peasants, and opposed the clergy.

Land reform
Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution.

Land reform is often considered a contentious process, as land is a key driver of a wide range of social, political and economic outcomes. The structure and distribution of land rights has been linked to state formation, economic growth, inequality, political violence, and identity politics, making land reform highly consequential for the long-term structures of society.
Six Pianos
Six Pianos is a minimalist piece for six pianos by the American composer Steve Reich. It was completed in March 1973. He also composed a variation for six marimbas, called Six Marimbas, in 1986. The world première performance of Six Pianos was in May 1973 at the John Weber Gallery in New York City. The European première took place in January the next year in Stuttgart, Germany.

Reich's idea was originally for a piece titled Piano Store that could be played on all the pianos in a piano store. A friend in New York gave him and his fellow musicians access to the Baldwin Piano and Organ Company's premises during evenings, where they could try out ideas. Reich eventually settled on an ensemble of six upright pianos in close proximity, which would allow very precise timing without being masked by the resonance of grand pianos.

Marimba
The marimba (/məˈrɪmbə/ mə-RIM-bə) is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars that are struck by mallets. Below each bar is a resonator pipe that amplifies particular harmonics of its sound. Compared to the xylophone, the marimba has a lower range. Typically, the bars of a marimba are arranged chromatically, like the keys of a piano. The marimba is a type of idiophone.

Today, the marimba is used as a solo instrument, or in ensembles like orchestras, marching bands (typically as a part of the front ensemble), percussion ensembles, brass and concert bands, and other traditional ensembles.
2002 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 2002 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Governor Bill Graves, a Republican, was barred from seeking a third term by the Kansas Constitution. Kansas Insurance Commissioner Kathleen Sebelius, the Democratic nominee, ran against Kansas State Treasurer Tim Shallenburger, the Republican nominee, with Sebelius defeating Shallenburger to become the second female Governor of Kansas after Joan Finney who served as governor from 1991 to 1995.

Robert G. Knight
Robert G. "Bob" Knight (born July 31, 1941) is an American former politician who served several stints as a Republican mayor of Wichita, Kansas, for seven terms. He first ran for office, Wichita City Council, in 1979. He also served under Democratic Governor Joan Finney as Kansas Secretary of Commerce and Housing. He is generally known as "Bob Knight".

Knight served as president of the National League of Cities in 2000.
King's Bridge (Pennsylvania)
The King's Bridge is a historic covered bridge in Middlecreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1802, and is a 127-foot-4-inch-long (38.81 m) Burr truss bridge, with an asbestos covered gable roof. The bridge crosses Laurel Hill Creek.  It is one of 10 covered bridges in Somerset County.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Pagsum Lake
Dragsum Tsho (Tibetan: བྲག་གསུམ་མཚོ་, Wylie: brag gsum mtsho, THL: Draksum Tso), Pagsum Co (simplified Chinese: 八松错, 巴松措; traditional Chinese: 八松錯; pinyin: Bāsōng Cuò), literally meaning "three rocks" in Tibetan, is a lake covering 28 square kilometres in Gongbo'gyamda County, Nyingchi of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, approximately 300 km (190 mi) east of Lhasa. At 3,700 metres over sea level it is about 18 km long and has an average width of approximately 1.5 km (0.93 mi). The deepest point of the green lake measures 120 metres. The lake is also known as Gongga Lake.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Hannah Stockbauer
Hannah Stockbauer (German pronunciation: [ˈhana ˈʃtɔkˌbaʊ̯ɐ] ⓘ; born 7 January 1982) is a World Champion, Olympic and national-record holding swimmer from Germany. In 2003, she was named the female World Swimmer of the Year by Swimming World Magazine, following her winning the 400, 800 and 1500 freestyles at the 2003 World Championships.

She swam for Germany at the:

Olympics: 2000, 2004

World Championships: 2001, 2003

European Championships: 1999, 2002

Short Course Europeans: 1998, 2002

At the 2001 World Championships, she won the 800 and 1500 frees.

At the 2003 World Championships, she was named Female Swimmer of the Meet, after she won 3 events (400, 800 and 1500 frees), setting meet records in the 800 and 1500 (8:23.66 and 16:00.18) and the German Record in the 1500.

At the 2004 Olympics, she was part of the Germany relay that won a bronze medal in the 4 × 200 m Free Relay.

She retired from competition in October 2005.

Swimming at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships
The Swimming competition of the 10th FINA World Aquatics Championships consisted of 40 long course (50 m) events, swum July 20–27, 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. Swimming's 40 events were split evenly between males and females (20 each) and were:

freestyle (free): 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1500;

backstroke (back): 50, 100 and 200;

breaststroke (breast): 50, 100 and 200;

butterfly (fly): 50, 100 and 200;

Individual Medley (IM): 200 and 400; and

relay: 4 × 100 and 4 × 200 freestyle, and 4 × 100 medley.
Isaac Asimov bibliography (chronological)
In a writing career spanning 53 years (1939–1992), science fiction and popular science author Isaac Asimov (1920–1992) wrote and published 40 novels, 383 short stories, over 280 non-fiction books, and edited about 147 others.

In this article, Asimov's books are listed by year (in order of publication within a year, where known) with publisher indicated. They are divided between original works and edited books. Works of fiction are denoted by an asterisk (*) and books for children or adolescents by a dagger (†). Currently, 504 total books are listed here (357 original and 147 edited or annotated by Asimov).

Robert Silverberg
Robert Silverberg (born January 15, 1935) is a prolific American science fiction author and editor. He is a multiple winner of both Hugo and Nebula Awards, a member of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame, and a Grand Master of SF since 2004.

Especially noted Silverberg works include the novella Nightwings (1969) and the novels Downward to the Earth (1970), The World Inside (1971), Dying Inside (1972), and Lord Valentine's Castle (1980; the first of the Majipoor series).

Silverberg has attended every Hugo Award ceremony since the inaugural event in 1953.
Pedestrian malls in the United States
Pedestrian malls, also known as pedestrian streets, are the most common form of pedestrian zone in large cities in the United States.  They are typically streets lined with storefronts and closed off to most automobile traffic. Emergency vehicles may have access at all times and delivery vehicles may be restricted to either limited delivery hours or entrances on side streets.

"Pedestrian mall" as a term is most often used in the United States and Australia. "Pedestrian street" and "pedestrian zone" are the more common terms worldwide.

Church Street Marketplace
44°28′42″N 73°12′46″W﻿ / ﻿44.4782°N 73.2127°W﻿ / 44.4782; -73.2127

The Church Street Marketplace is an uncovered outdoor pedestrian shopping and dining mall in Burlington, Vermont, consisting of the four blocks of Church Street between Main and Pearl Streets. The mall was initially conceived in 1958 and was built in 1980-81 to a design by Carr, Lynch Associates of Cambridge, Massachusetts.  It encompasses about 86 storefronts and is managed by the Church Street Marketplace Commission.

Major retailers include five national chain stores as well as local retailers of clothing, home-wares, books, and other goods. It is the site of festivals throughout the year. Events such as the South End Art Hop and public galleries such as The Firehouse Gallery provide a forum for the visual arts. The American Planning Association named the Church Street Marketplace one of America's "Great Public Spaces" for 2008. The marketplace is also home to dozens of restaurants, bars, and coffee shops.