hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese phonology
Chinese phonology is covered by the following articles:

Concerning modern Chinese:
Standard Chinese phonology
Cantonese phonology
For the phonology of other varieties of Chinese, see the articles on the particular varieties
For an overview, see Varieties of Chinese → Phonology

Concerning pre-modern Chinese:
Historical Chinese phonology
Old Chinese phonology

Cantonese phonology
Standard Cantonese pronunciation originates from Guangzhou (also known as Canton) the capital of Guangdong Province. Hong Kong Cantonese is closely related to the Guangzhou dialect, with only minor differences. Yue dialects spoken in other parts of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, such as Taishanese, exhibit more significant differences in pronunciation.
Ammonicera
Ammonicera is a genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the family Omalogyridae. They are found in various locations such as the Eastern Pacific coasts of the United States and Mexico, Japan, and the Mediterranean.

This genus comprises the smallest gastropods known, featuring discoid, planispiral shells that typically measure in the adult state 1 mm or even less in size. The protoconch is characterized by distinct ridges and grooves. The teleoconch typically displays prominent sculpture, though it is occasionally weak. The aperture ranges from rounded to subquadrate.

The diet of the Ammonicera is not confirmed, however, based on the diets of other Omalogyridae, it is assumed to feed on several algal species in its habitat.

Teleoconch
In malacology, the teleoconch is the portion of a gastropod shell that is formed after the larval stage.

It represents the "adult" shell, as opposed to the protoconch, which is the embryonic or larval shell.
Beskydský bundáš
Beskydský bundáš was the original Beskydy breed of dog used for work on the mountain meadows of the Beskydy, where it helped the shepherds guard the sheep. According to the legend, he was an excellent shepherd, but a bad guard, so the Gorals crossed him with a German Shepherd. Pure white puppies were born from this union, inheriting the best traits from both parents. It was still widely seen in the 1950s. In the 1970s, the regeneration of the breed was supposed to take place, but it did not succeed.

Prof. MVGr. Antonín Hrůza (* January 1, 1865 Plzeň, † March 10, 1950 Brno), who was at the birth of the organized breeding of Slovak Cuvac mentions Beskydský bundáš in his works.

Beskids
The Beskids or Beskid Mountains (Polish: Beskidy; Czech: Beskydy; Slovak: Beskydy; Rusyn: Бескиды, Beskydŷ; Ukrainian: Бескиди, Beskydy) are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east.

The highest mountain in the Beskids is Hoverla, at 2,061 m (6,762 ft).
Cristián Campos Jara
Carlos Cristian Campos Jara (born 18 November 1972) is a Chilean politician who served as deputy.

In June 2006, he was selected as one of the 100 Leaders of Today for the Chile of Tomorrow, a list developed and published by El Sábado of El Mercurio and the Strategic Leadership Center of the Adolfo Ibáñez University.

Adolfo Ibáñez University
The Adolfo Ibáñez University (Spanish: Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez) (UAI) is a private research university in Santiago, Chile, associated with the Adolfo Ibáñez Foundation. In 1988, in accordance with new educational legislation, a new university was founded based on the Valparaiso Business School (Escuela de Negocios de Valparaiso), an older institution for professional teaching in business administration founded in 1953 by Adolfo Ibáñez Boggiano. The newer university would take its name some decades later.

In the Chilean higher educational scheme, UAI is a private university accredited in the country by the Comisión Nacional de Acreditación (CNA) and internationally by the Triple Accreditation.

The Adolfo Ibañez University is ranked the 1st Private University in Chile by América Economía and the CSIC (Spanish institution for University research).
Rebecca Brooke
Rebecca Brooke (born Mary Mendum, February 21, 1952 — July 17, 2012) was an American pornographic film actress and model who specialized in sexploitation films, including both hardcore and softcore pornography in the 1970s. Vern L. Bullough wrote that Brooke was "one of the true beauties to grace the porn screen."

Hardcore pornography
Hardcore pornography or hardcore porn is pornography that features detailed depictions of sexual organs or sexual acts such as vaginal, anal, oral, or manual intercourse; ejaculation; or fetish play. The term is in contrast with less-explicit softcore pornography. Hardcore pornography usually takes the form of magazines, photographs, films, and cartoons. Since the mid-1990s, hardcore pornography has become widely available on the internet, much of it without cost, making it more accessible than ever before.
Giulio Cesare Monteverdi
Giulio Cesare Monteverdi (1573–1630/31) was an Italian composer and organist. He was the younger brother of Claudio Monteverdi.

He entered the service of the Duke of Mantua in 1602, but was dismissed in 1612. He then worked in Crema and became maestro di cappella at the cathedral of Salò in 1620.

In 1611 he wrote an opera, Il rapimento di Proserpina (The rape of Proserpina), which was staged in Mantua. The music and text are lost, but it appears that it shared only the story line of Claudio's later opera Proserpina rapita (1630), which is also lost. He published a collection of motets in Venice in 1620 and a few other works, including two pieces which were included in Claudio's 1607 Scherzi musicali. He probably died of the plague in 1630 or 1631.

Salò
Salò (Italian: [saˈlɔ]; Latin: Salodium) is a town and comune in the Province of Brescia in the region of Lombardy (northern Italy) on the banks of Lake Garda, on which it has the longest promenade. The city was the seat of government of the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945, a state often referred to as the "Salò Republic" (Repubblica di Salò in Italian).
Sandeep Joshi (Assam cricketer)
Sandeep Joshi was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and leg-break bowler who played for Assam.

Joshi made a single one-day appearance for the team during the 1998–99 season, and, the following day, made his only first-class appearance, both games coming against Orissa.

In both games, Joshi finished not out, for 8 and 0 runs respectively.

Assam cricket team
The Assam cricket team is a domestic cricket team represents the Indian state of Assam, run by the Assam Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class tournament Ranji Trophy, limited-overs tournament Vijay Hazare Trophy and the Twenty20, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Carl Seel
Carl E. Seel (born July 14, 1969, in Maryland) is an American politician and a former Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives representing District 20 from 2013 to 2015. Seel served consecutively from January 2009 until January 14, 2013, in the District 6 seat.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
Teriimaevarua III
Ari'i-ʻOtare Teriʻi-maeva-rua III Pomare (28 May 1871 – 19 November 1932) was the last Queen of the Tahitian island of Bora Bora from 1873 to 1895.

The second daughter of Prince Tamatoa-a-tu (Tamatoa V), King of Raʻiātea and Tahaʻa and Princess Moe-a-Mai, Ariʻi-ʻOtare became the Queen of Bora Bora on the death of her aunt Princess Teriimaevarua II, Queen of Bora Bora. She married Prince Teri'i Hinoi-a-tua Pomare, chief of Hitia'a in Bora Bora on 9 January 1884 and was divorced in 1887. Ari'i-'Otare produced no children of her own. She adopted her two younger step daughters; Princess Rehu-rehu Tuheiava and Princess Itia Tuheiava. She also adopted and raised her biological nephew Moeterauri "Bimbo" Tetua who was born on 14 September 1916.

Bora Bora was annexed by the French on 17 April 1888, but royal power remained in effect until 1895, when Teriimaevarua III was replaced by a French vice-resident.: 211  She remained the head of the royal house of Bora Bora until her death.

Annexation
Annexation, in international law, is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. In current international law, it is generally held to be an illegal act. It is distinct from the concepts of conquest, which describes the gaining of physical control, and cession, in which territory is given or sold through treaty.

Annexation can be legitimized if generally recognized by other states and international bodies.

The illegality of annexation means that states carrying out such acts usually avoid using the word annexation in describing their actions; in each of the unresolved annexations by Israel, Morocco and Russia, the states have avoided characterizing their actions as such.
Vici syndrome
Vici syndrome, also called immunodeficiency with cleft lip/palate, cataract, hypopigmentation and absent corpus callosum (or absent corpus callosum cataract immunodeficiency), is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by albinism, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, cardiomyopathy, severe psychomotor retardation, seizures, immunodeficiency and recurrent severe infections. To date, about 50 cases have been reported.

Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare birth defect in which there is a complete or partial absence of the corpus callosum. It occurs when the development of the corpus callosum, the band of white matter connecting the two hemispheres in the brain, in the embryo is disrupted. The result of this is that the fibers that would otherwise form the corpus callosum are instead longitudinally oriented along the ipsilateral ventricular wall and form structures called Probst bundles.

In addition to agenesis, other degrees of callosal defects exist, including hypoplasia (underdevelopment or thinness), hypogenesis (partial agenesis) or dysgenesis (malformation).

ACC is found in many syndromes and can often present alongside hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. When this is the case, there can also be an enlarged fourth ventricle or hydrocephalus; this is called Dandy–Walker malformation.
Roy Wilford Riegle
Roy Wilford Riegle (April 27, 1896 – February 2, 1988), known as Wilford, was an American attorney, politician and Member of the Kansas House of Representatives.

He met his future wife, Keith, while attending Kansas State Normal School during the 1910s. Before marriage, however, he was called to duty during World War I as part of the United States Army in Company L, 137th Infantry, 35th Division.

Aside from serving as the longest-practicing attorney in Lyons County, Wilford was a Republican member of both the Kansas House of Representatives and the Kansas Senate for multiple terms.

Wilford was an initiated member of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. In 1973, he took office as the Grand Master of the Knights Templar (Freemasonry) both nationally and overseas.

After a series of strokes and declining health, Colonel Riegle died on February 2, 1988.

Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 senators elected from single-member districts, each with a population of about 73,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Ryūsei (Eir Aoi song)
"Ryūsei" (流星, Meteor) is a song by Japanese pop singer Eir Aoi. It was released digitally on April 22, 2018, and received a physical release together with the song "Yakusoku" on June 13, 2018, as her fourteenth single. It reached number 8 on Oricon and number 10 on Japan Hot 100. It was used as the opening theme song of anime series Sword Art Online Alternative Gun Gale Online. The single also mark her return from her hiatus, and also mark as her first double A-side single.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
Glen Alpine, Toowoomba
Glen Alpine is a heritage-listed villa at 32–36 East Street, Redwood, Toowoomba, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Toowoomba architect Harry Marks and built c. 1918. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 11 June 1993.

Villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside.
Zoo or False
"Zoo or False" is the 19th episode of the fifth season of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother and 107th episode overall. It aired on April 12, 2010. Episode hit season low with 2.8/9 rating and 6.88 million viewers.

How I Met Your Mother season 5
The fifth season of the American television comedy series How I Met Your Mother premiered on September 21, 2009, and concluded on May 24, 2010. It consists of 24 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length. CBS broadcast the fifth season on Monday nights at 8:00 pm in the United States.
Bachhuber
Bachhuber is a German surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Andrew Bachhuber (1856–?), American farmer and politician

Frank E. Bachhuber (1884–1939), American politician

Martin Bachhuber (born 1955), German politician

Max Bachhuber (1832–1879), American farmer and politician

Nina Lola Bachhuber (born 1971), German artist

Ruth Bachhuber Doyle (October 14, 1916 – May 6, 2006), American politician

Frank E. Bachhuber
Frank Edward Bachhuber (November 17, 1884 – February 28, 1939) was an American lawyer, businessman, and Democratic politician from Wausau, Wisconsin.  He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the northeast quarter of Marathon County during the 1933 legislative term.  His father, Andrew Bachhuber, and grandfather, Max Bachhuber, also served in the Assembly, as did his daughter, Ruth Bachhuber Doyle.  He was also a grandfather of Jim Doyle, the 44th governor of Wisconsin.
The Psychobombs
"The Psychobombs" is the twelfth episode aired of the first series of UFO, a 1970 British television science fiction series about an alien invasion of Earth. The screenplay was written by Tony Barwick and the director was Jeremy Summers. The episode was filmed between 30 June and 10 July 1970, and was first broadcast on 30 December 1970 on Associated Television. Though shown as the twelfth episode, it was actually the twenty-second to be filmed.

The series was created by Gerry Anderson and Sylvia Anderson with Reg Hill, and produced by the Andersons and Lew Grade's Century 21 Productions for Grade's ITC Entertainment company.

AP Films
AP Films or APF (renamed Century 21 Productions in 1966) was a British independent film production company of the 1950s until the early 1970s. The company became internationally known for its imaginative children's action-adventure marionette television series – most significantly Thunderbirds – produced for British ITV network companies Associated-Rediffusion, Granada, ABC and ATV. At its height, the company employed more than 200 staff.
José María Samper
José María Balbino Venancio Samper Agudelo (31 March 1828 — 22 July 1888) was a Colombian lawyer, politician, and writer. In his writing he covered many genres including poetry, drama, comedy, novels, didactic works, biographies, travel books, and critical and historical essays. He collaborated in different periodicals of his time, was founder of La Revista Americana, and worked as managing editor of El Deber, and editor-in-chief of El Comercio. His early works were published while the Republic of New Granada still existed.

Republic of New Granada
The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858, the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation.
On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
Daisy Osakue
Daisy Oyemwenosa Osakue (born 16 January 1996) is an Italian discus thrower who came 5th at the 2018 European Athletics Championships. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in Discus throw.

Osakue holds the NCAA Division II women's discus record of 61.35 m, and her throw of 63.66 m on 31 July 2021 during the qualifying round of the 2021 Tokyo Olympics established a new national record for Italy. Osakue's Coach is Maria Marello, former Italian discus thrower.

2018 European Athletics Championships
The 2018 European Athletics Championships were held in Berlin, Germany, from 6 to 12 August 2018. The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in the United Kingdom.

For the second Championships in a row, the Russian team did not participate; this was due to the suspension of the All-Russia Athletic Federation by the International Association of Athletics Federations. However, several athletes were cleared by the IAAF to compete as Authorised Neutral Athletes under the flag of the European Athletic Association. Mariya Lasitskene became the first such athlete to win a gold medal, in the women's high jump.
Eluf Dalgaard
Eluf Dalgaard (26 May 1929 – 12 September 2004) was a Danish cyclist who competed both on the road and on track. As an amateur road racer he won the Tour of Sweden in 1952, the Peace Race in 1954, and the Scandinavian Race Uppsala in 1955. In 1957 he turned professional and rode the 1958 Tour de France. On track he won the national pursuit title in 1953 and 1957.

Tour of Sweden
The Tour of Sweden (or Postgirot Open) was an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Sweden from 1982 to 2002. It replaced the former Six Days Race, which was held between 1924 and 1975.
Durshed
Durshed is a sub urban revenue village in Karimnagar mandal of Karimnagar district of the Indian state of Telangana. It constitutes two gram panchayats namely Durshed and Gopalpur. It is situated on the outskirts of Karimnagar city at a distance of 6 km from Karimnagar bus station on Rajiv Highway (SH-1).

State Highway 1 (Telangana)
Rajiv Highway(SH-1) రాజీవ్ రహదారి is a four lane express Toll road in Northern Telangana, India. It is managed by Hyderabad - Karimnagar - Ramagundam (HKR) Roadways, Ltd. The highway begins at Shamirpet ORR Entrance in Hyderabad and joins National Highway 63 at the Indaram Jaipur mandal of Mancherial district.
Baluchi sheep
The Baluchi is a domesticated breed of sheep originating from southwest Pakistan, Baluchistan, eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan. It is a member of the fat-tailed breed. The Baluchi sheep is raised primarily for wool.

Fat-tailed sheep
The fat-tailed sheep is a general type of domestic sheep known for their distinctive large tails and hindquarters. Fat-tailed sheep breeds constitute approximately 25% of the world's sheep population, and are commonly found in northern parts of Africa, the Middle East, and across Central Asia to China. The tail fat from those sheep is an important ingredient in many regional cuisines.
Quantopian
Quantopian was a company that aimed to create a crowd-sourced hedge fund by letting freelance quantitative analysts develop, test, and use trading algorithms to buy and sell securities.

In November 2020, Quantopian announced it would shut down after 9 years of operation.

Point72 Asset Management
Point72 Asset Management is an American hedge fund. It was founded in 2014 by Steve Cohen, after his previous company S.A.C. Capital Advisors pleaded guilty to insider trading charges. In 2018, the company reopened to external investors after a two-year ban and began accepting outside capital. The company's office is located in Stamford, Connecticut.
1916 St George's, Hanover Square by-election
The 1916 St George's, Hanover Square by-election was held on 11 January 1916.  The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Alexander Henderson. It was won by the Unionist candidate Sir George Reid, the former Prime Minister of Australia, who acted as a spokesman for the self-governing Dominions in supporting the war effort. He was unopposed.  There was a history of unopposed by-elections in the constituency and the War-time electoral pact meant that the other major parties would not endorse candidates in that election.

Sir George Reid was to die in 1918 triggering another unopposed by-election.

UK parliamentary by-elections
In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary by-election occurs following a vacancy arising in the House of Commons. They are often seen as a test of the rival political parties' fortunes between general elections.
SVGFF First Division
The First Division is the second-tier league of football in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is organized by the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation, under the National Club Championships umbrella. Each year, the league winners are promoted to the SVGFF Premier Division. The league features twelve clubs.

SVGFF Premier Division
SVGFF Premier Division is the top division league of football in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is organized by the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation, under the National Club Championships umbrella. The Premier League began in 2009 under the name NLA SVGFF Club Championship.