hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council, 1869–1873
This is a list of members of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1869 to 1873.

This was the fourth Legislative Council to be elected under the Constitution of 1856, which provided for a house consisting of eighteen members to be elected from the whole colony acting as one electoral district "The Province"; that six members, selected by lot, should be replaced at General Elections after four years, another six to be replaced four years later and thenceforth each member should have a term of twelve years.

Seven seats were contested – six by the "effluxion of time" (Baker, Barrow, Elder, English, Everard and Peacock) and one to replace Charles Hervey Bagot, who resigned the previous December.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Buttered toast phenomenon
The buttered toast phenomenon is an observation that buttered toast tends to land butter-side down after it falls. It is used as an idiom representing pessimistic outlooks. Various people have attempted to determine whether there is an actual tendency for bread to fall in this fashion, with varying results.

Pessimism
Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking.
Rendezvous (1961 film)
Rendezvous (French: Le rendez-vous) is a 1961 French-Italian mystery crime film directed by Jean Delannoy and starring Annie Girardot, Andréa Parisy and Odile Versois. George Sanders appears in a small but significant role. It is based on the 1955 novel The Man With Two Wives by British-born writer Hugh Wheeler published under the pen name Patrick Quentin. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Lucien Aguettand.

Billancourt Studios
Billancourt Studios was a film studio in Paris which operated between 1922 and 1992. Located in Boulogne-Billancourt, it was one of the leading French studios. It was founded in the silent era by Henri Diamant-Berger. During the Second World War the studio was used by Continental Films, a company financed by the German occupiers. They are also known as the Paris-Studio-Cinéma. They should not be confused with the nearby Boulogne Studios.
Solomon Asante
Solomon Asante (born 6 March 1990) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a winger for USL League One club Texoma FC. With Phoenix Rising FC, he was named the 2019 and 2020 USL Championship Most Valuable Player (MVP). With Indy Eleven, Asante became the first player in USL Championship history to record 50 career goals and career assists.

Memphis 901 FC
Memphis 901 FC was an American professional soccer team based in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded in 2018, the team made its debut in the USL Championship in 2019.

On November 13, 2024, it was announced that the team would be folding after they were unable to secure funding for a new soccer-specific stadium at the fairgrounds site. The USL Championship franchise rights were transferred to Santa Barbara Sky FC, based in Santa Barbara, California.
Woodhouse Mill railway station
Woodhouse Mill railway station was opened in 1840 by the North Midland Railway on its line between Rotherham Masborough and Chesterfield.

It was situated to the south of the main A57 road shortly after this left the City of Sheffield and served Woodhouse Mill, near Sheffield, Orgreave, Fence and (Aston cum Aughton), all within Rotherham, South Yorkshire.

It may initially have been simply a halt, but the Midland Railway installed an island platform with a timber and brick booking office at its centre. Nearby was Orgreave Coke Works and Fence Colliery. It closed in 1953.

The station was located between that at Treeton and the original North Midland station at Beighton.  The line is still in use today but has been a freight only route since July 1954, although it is very occasionally used as a diversionary route and by excursions not calling at Sheffield. It serves as a bypass line which keeps freight trains away from the congested lines through central Sheffield.

A57 road
The A57 is a major road in England.  It runs east from Liverpool to Lincoln via Warrington, Salford and Manchester, and then through the Pennines over the Snake Pass (between the high moorlands of Bleaklow and Kinder Scout), around the Ladybower Reservoir, through Sheffield and past Worksop. Between Liverpool and Glossop, the road has largely been superseded by the M62, M602 and M67 motorways. Within Manchester a short stretch becomes the Mancunian Way, designated A57(M).
The Epic Archive, Vol. 1 (1975–1979)
The Epic Archive, Vol. 1 (1975–1979) is a compilation album by American rock band Cheap Trick, which was released digitally by Epic in 2015. In 2017, the compilation was released by Real Gone Music on CD and vinyl, the latter format being a limited edition release for Record Store Day.

The compilation has eighteen tracks spanning from 1975 to 1979, including demos, live recordings, early studio recordings of later released songs and alternate versions. The liner notes of the 2017 Real Gone Music release include quotes on the tracks from drummer Bun E. Carlos, as well as photographs of the band taken by Robert Alford.

Bun E. Carlos
Brad Carlson (born June 12, 1950), better known by the stage name Bun E. Carlos, is the original drummer for American rock band Cheap Trick. He recorded and performed with the band from 1973 to 2010. Carlos was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016 as a member of Cheap Trick.
General Electric CJ805
The General Electric CJ805 is a jet engine which was developed by General Electric Aircraft Engines in the late 1950s. It was a civilian version of the J79 and differed only in detail. It was developed in two versions. The basic CJ805-3 was a turbojet and powered the Convair 880 airliner, and the CJ805-23 (military designation TF35) a turbofan derivative which powered the Convair 990 Coronado variant of the 880.

Overall pressure ratio
In aeronautical engineering, overall pressure ratio, or overall compression ratio, is the amount of times the pressure increases due to ram compression and the work done by the compressor stages.
The compressor pressure ratio is the ratio of the stagnation pressures at the front and rear of the compressor of a gas turbine.

Overall pressure ratio in a high-bypass turbofan is a function of inlet pressure ratio and compressor pressure ratio:

The terms compression ratio and pressure ratio are used interchangeably.
Frontenex station
Frontenex station (French: Gare de Frontenex) is a railway station in Frontenex, Savoie, Southeastern France. The station, opened on 27 October 1879 by the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM), is located on the railway from Saint-Pierre-d'Albigny to Bourg-Saint-Maurice. Train services at Frontenex are operated by the SNCF.

Bourg-Saint-Maurice
Bourg-Saint-Maurice (French pronunciation: [buʁ sɛ̃ mɔʁis, - moʁ-] ⓘ; Arpitan: Bôrg-Sant-Mori or simply Le Bôrg), commonly known as Saint-Maurice, is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. Located on the Italian border south of Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, it serves as a transport hub for the Paradiski ski area, with direct rail travel from London (Connecting in Lille), Brussels and Amsterdam during the winter.
Mustafa Moien Ayyash
Mustafa Moien Mahmoud Ayyash (born 1992), commonly known as Mustafa Moien Ayyash or Mustafa Ayyash, is a Palestinian journalist. He is the founder and director of the Palestinian news channel Gaza Now.

Nuseirat refugee camp
Nuseirat Camp (Arabic: مخيّم النصيرات) is a Palestinian refugee camp located in the middle of the Gaza Strip, five kilometers north-east of Deir al-Balah. The refugee camp is in the Deir al-Balah Governorate, Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the refugee camp had a population of 31,747 and the surrounding Nuseirat municipality had a population of 54,851 in 2017. The camp was established after the 1948 Palestinian expulsion during the 1948 Palestine war.
Kaikioʻewa
Kaikioʻewa (c. 1765 - April 10, 1839) was a cousin of Kamehameha I and the first governor of Kauai. He was born in Waimea in 1765. He moved to Hilo as a young man where he initially opposed his cousin until after the Battle of Hilo when he and other aliʻi joined Kamehameha. Kamehameha I saved Kaikioʻewa's life when he was about to be killed by another chief for stealing his wife. As Governor he was known as an easy target for merchants as he was known for spending a great deal on merchandise. He was married to Keaweamahi (w). Kaikioʻewa served as the first governor of Kauai from 1825 until his death, when his wife Keaweamahi would serve temporarily.

Governors of Kauaʻi
The Governor of Kauaʻi (Hawaiian: Kiaʻaina o Kauaʻi) was the royal governor or viceroy of the island of Kauaʻi and island of Niʻihau during the Kingdom of Hawaii. The governor was usually a male Hawaiian chief or prince, but several women also held the office. The governor had authority over the islands of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau, and it was up to the governor to appoint lieutenant governors to assist them. The governor had replaced the old alii aimokus of the islands, but the sovereignty remained with the king. The first governor was the last king of Kaumualiʻi, and it was not until his death in 1824 that Queen Kaʻahumanu and King Kamehameha II took control from his sons. The island governors were under the jurisdiction of the Ministers of the Interiors.
No audible release
A stop consonant with no audible release, also known as an unreleased stop, checked stop or an applosive, is a plosive with no release burst: no audible indication of the end of its occlusion (hold). In the International Phonetic Alphabet, lack of an audible release is denoted with an upper-right corner diacritic (U+031A ◌̚ COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE) after the consonant letter, as in: [p̚], [t̚], [k̚].

Audibly released stops, on the other hand, are not normally indicated. If a final stop is aspirated, the aspiration diacritic ⟨◌ʰ⟩ is sufficient to indicate the release. Otherwise, the "unaspirated" diacritic of the Extended IPA may be employed for this: apt [ˈæp̚t˭].

John C. Wells
John Christopher Wells (born 11 March 1939) is a British phonetician and Esperantist. Wells is a professor emeritus at University College London, where until his retirement in 2006 he held the departmental chair in phonetics. He is known for his work on the Esperanto language and his invention of the standard lexical sets and the X-SAMPA encoding of the IPA.
Didrepanon
Didrepanon is a trilobite in the order Phacopida, that existed during the upper Silurian in what is now England. It was described by Philip D. Lane in 1971, and the type species is Didrepanon falcatum. The type locality was in Sedgley.

Sedgley
Sedgley is a town in the north of the Dudley district, in the county of the West Midlands, England.

Historically part of Staffordshire, Sedgley is on the A459 road between Wolverhampton and Dudley, and was formerly the seat of an ancient manor comprising several smaller villages, including Gornal, Gospel End, Woodsetton, Ettingshall, Coseley, and Brierley (now Bradley). In 1894, the manor was split to create the Sedgley and Coseley urban districts, the bulk of which were later merged into the Dudley County Borough in 1966.

Most of Sedgley was absorbed into an expanded County Borough of Dudley in 1966, with some parts being incorporated into Seisdon and Wolverhampton. Since 1974 it has been part of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley.
George Rowdon
George Henry Rowdon, born at Midsomer Norton, Somerset on 6 October 1914, and died in Bath in February 1987, played in one first-class cricket match for Somerset in the 1936 season.

An amateur right-handed middle-order batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler, Rowdon was picked for the Somerset match against Essex at Colchester. He made 9 and 2 as Somerset were beaten by an innings, the match finishing soon after lunch on the second day. He did not bowl in the match.

Rowdon was recorded at his birth and in the Wisden report of his single first-class appearance as "Rowden", but according to a website covering the Rowden family, "George Henry Rowdon" was born in Midsomer Norton in 1914, died in 1987, and this has subsequently been adopted as the more correct version of his name by CricketArchive.

Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, or simply Wisden, colloquially the Bible of Cricket, is a cricket reference book published annually in the United Kingdom. The description "Bible of cricket" (or variations thereof) has been applied to Wisden since the early 1900s.

Between 1998 and 2005, an Australian edition of Wisden was published. An Indian version, edited by Suresh Menon, was produced annually from 2013 to 2018, but discontinued following the publication of a combined 2019 and 2020 issue.
Curt Wittig
Curt Franklin  Wittig is a professor of chemistry and the holder of the Paul A. Miller Chair in the college of letters, arts, and sciences at the University of Southern California (USC).

Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, Wittig received his B.S. and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois in 1970.

Postdoctoral work (EE at USC, chemistry at Cambridge (UK) and UC Berkeley) was followed by a faculty appointment in 1973 at USC in the EE Department. After becoming a professor in 1979, his interests changed, and he moved to the chemistry and physics departments in 1981, settling eventually in the chemistry department, where he has specialized in physical chemistry (chemical physics) ever since.

Wittig and his wife, Michele, live in Santa Monica, California.

Paul A. Miller
Paul Ausborn Miller (March 22, 1917 – June 5, 2015) was an American academic administrator who served as the 6th president of the Rochester Institute of Technology from 1969–1979. He oversaw the completion of the move of the campus to Henrietta and the steady growth of RIT between 1969 and 1981.
Georgia Film Critics Association
The Georgia Film Critics Association (GAFCA) is an organization of professional film critics from the U.S. state of Georgia. Inclusion is open to film critics throughout the entire state of Georgia, although the majority of members are concentrated in the Metro Atlanta area. GAFCA members represent the reviewing press through online, radio, television, or print media.

Georgia Film Critics Association Awards 2025
The 15th Georgia Film Critics Association Awards were presented to recognize the best in filmmaking in 2025. The winners were announced on December 27, 2025.

The nominations were announced on December 19, 2025. Paul Thomas Anderson's action thriller film One Battle After Another, loosely based on the Thomas Pynchon novel Vineland, led the nominations with twelve, followed by Sinners with ten and Sentimental Value with eight.
Hoodstar
Hoodstar is the third studio album by the hip-hop artist Chingy, following the release of Powerballin'. Released on September 19, 2006, the disc is split into two sides with different musical styles. While the "Hood" segment has the tracks "Hands Up" and "Cadillac Door", "Star" has more uptempo and club-oriented tracks like "Brand New Kicks" and "Dem Jeans". The guest features are by Three 6 Mafia, Chopper and Chingy's cousin Young Spiffy. The album was produced by Jermaine Dupri, Timbaland, the Trak Starz, Mannie Fresh, Mr. Collipark and the dance group Hoodstarz, among others. The album entered the Billboard 200 at number 9 with first week sales of 77,000 copies in the US. It was certified Gold by RIAA for shipping over 500,000 copies in the US.

Mr. Collipark
Michael Antoine Crooms (born October 5, 1970), better known by his stage name Mr. Collipark, is an American hip-hop producer and the president of his own Atlanta-based record label, ColliPark Music, which was founded in 1999.

The name Collipark was derived from the city of College Park, Georgia. Crooms is credited as playing a major role in the career of the Ying Yang Twins, Soulja Boy, Yung Berg, Taurus, Hurricane Chris, V.I.C., and Vistoso Bosses.

In 2005, Mr. Collipark was featured on Bubba Sparxxx's single "Ms. New Booty", which peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2007, Mr. Collipark won BMI's "Songwriter of the Year" award. He was also nominated for a 2008 Grammy for his work with Soulja Boy.

In 2011, Mr. Collipark debuted his mixtape Can I Have the Club Back Please, which features tracks from artists including Translee, Treal Lee & Prince Rick, and the Ying Yang Twins.
Skiple Station
Skiple Station (Norwegian: Skiple holdeplass) is a railway station along the Bergen Line railway line. It is located at the village of Skiple in the central part of the Raundalen valley in Voss Municipality, Vestland county, Norway. The station is served by the Bergen Commuter Rail, operated by Vy Tog, with up to five daily departures in each direction. The station was opened in 1931.

Voss Municipality
Voss (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located in the traditional district of Voss. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Vossavangen. Other villages include Bolstadøyri, Borstrondi, Djønno, Evanger, Granvin, Kvitheim, Klyve, Kvitheim, Kyte, Mjølfjell, Nordheim, Oppheim, Stalheim, Vinje, and Ygre.

The 2,042-square-kilometre (788 sq mi) municipality is the 35th largest by area of Norway's 357 municipalities. Voss Municipality is Norway's 77th most populous municipality, with a population of 16,436. Its population density is 8 inhabitants per square kilometre (21/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.2% over the previous 10-year period.
American Bar Foundation
The American Bar Foundation (ABF) is a nonprofit research institute established in 1952 and located in Chicago, United States. The American Bar Foundation is located in the same building as Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law in downtown Chicago. It is associated with the American Bar Association.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Government.no
Government.no (Norwegian: Regjeringen.no, Northern Sami: Ráđđehus.no) is the web portal for the Government of Norway. Operated by the Government Administration Services, it provides a range of information services related to each of the ministries, the Office of the Prime Minister, historical information and a large backlog of public documents.

The site was launched on 12 February 2007, replacing the former odin.dep.no site.

Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation
Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation (G.S.S.O)  (Norwegian: Departementenes servicesenter) is a Government agency responsible for a number of operative administration services for the Ministries of Norway. With about 700 employees, it offers services within archives, wages, accounting, web sites, purchasing, security, the state budget, and technology. It is subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Government Administration and Reform and was created as merger of the administrative divisions of each ministry.
Benadi
Benadi  is a village in the North-Western region of Karnataka state near Maharashtra Border in India. 
It is located in the Chikodi taluka of the Belgaum district in Karnataka. Before it was a part of Bombay State and Princely state of Kolhapur. It is a part of Twin Village Aadi-Benadi. People who originate from this village are known as Benadikar.

Belgaum
Belgaum (Kannada ISO: Beḷagāvi, IPA: [beɭɐɡaːʋi]; Marathi ISO: Bēḻagāṃva, IPA: [beɭɡaːũ]), officially known as Belagavi (also Belgaon), is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka located near its northern western border in the Western Ghats. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous Belagavi division and Belagavi district. The Government of Karnataka has proposed making Belgaum the second capital of Karnataka alongside Bangalore, hence a second state administrative building Suvarna Vidhana Soudha was inaugurated on 11 October 2012.

Belgaum has been selected in first phase out of 20 cities, as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under India's flagship Smart Cities Mission.
Armenia in the New Wave competition
Armenia has participated in the New Wave International Contest 16 times, making its first appearance in 2003, where the Armenian singer Emmy finished fourteenth.

Armenia has won the contest four times: in 2010, 2017, 2021 and 2024. The country's four wins were achieved by Sona Shahgeldyan (2010), Erna Mir (2017), Saro Gevorgyan (2021), and Anahit Hakobyan (2024). Armenia also finished in the top five several times during their participation in the contest, with Syuzanna Melqonyan and Gevorg Harutyunyan finishing second in 2017 and 2018, and Mger and Erik finishing fifth in 2008 and 2011 respectively.

Emmy (Armenian singer)
Emma Daviti Bejanyan (Armenian: Էմմա Դավիթի Բեջանյան; born 12 April 1984), better known as Emmy (Armenian: Էմմի) is an Armenian singer. During the 2010s, she was considered one of Armenia's most popular and influential singers, being labeled as a "pop princess" and "Armenian pop icon". Emmy represented Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 and became the country's first non-qualifier.
1998 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse tournament
The 1998 NCAA Division I lacrosse tournament was the 28th annual tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team champion of men's college lacrosse among its Division I programs, held at the end of the 1998 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse season.

Princeton defeated Maryland in the final, 15–5. This was Princeton's third consecutive national championship under Head Coach Bill Tierney, and their fifth title since 1992.

The championship game was played at Rutgers Stadium at Rutgers University in Piscataway, New Jersey, with 21,194 fans in attendance.

SHI Stadium
SHI Stadium is the football stadium at Rutgers University in Piscataway, New Jersey. Rutgers Scarlet Knights football, Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's lacrosse, and women's lacrosse use the venue for home games. It is located on the Busch Campus at Rutgers, and overlooks the Raritan River to the South. The stadium was opened as Rutgers Stadium on September 3, 1994, when the Rutgers Scarlet Knights hosted the Kent State Golden Flashes. It currently seats 52,454 spectators after a 2009 expansion in the south end zone student section.