hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gyula Pál
Gyula Pál (27 June 1881 – 6 September 1946) was a noted Hungarian-Danish mathematician.  He is known for his work on Jordan curves both in plane and space, and on the Kakeya problem. He proved that every locally connected planar continuum with at least two points is the  orthogonal projection of a closed Jordan curve of the Euclidean 3-space.

He was born as Gyula Perl but hungaricized his surname to Pál in 1909. Fleeing the post-war chaos of Hungary after World War I he moved to Denmark in 1919, possibly by the invitation of Harald Bohr, where he spent the rest of his life and westernized his name to Julius Pal.

Harald Bohr
Harald August Bohr (22 April 1887 – 22 January 1951) was a Danish mathematician and footballer. After receiving his doctorate in 1910, Bohr became an eminent mathematician, founding the field of almost periodic functions. His brother was the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Niels Bohr. He was on the Denmark national team for the 1908 Summer Olympics, where he won a silver medal.
1879 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1879 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1879 college football season. They finished with a 2–1–2 record.  The team captain was Robert Bacon.

On November 8, Harvard and Yale played to a scoreless tie before a crowd of between 1,500 and 2,000 spectators at Hamilton Park in New Haven. Yale captain Walter Camp drop-kicked the ball through the uprights, but the goal was disallowed when the referee ruled the ball had touched a Harvard player.

On November 15, Harvard lost to Princeton before a crowd of 3,000 persons at St. George's Cricket Ground in Hoboken. Princeton scored one goal, and Harvard scored none.

1879 college football season
The 1879 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Princeton and Yale having been selected as national champions.

Racine College and the University of Michigan played the first football game in the Midwest. The 1879 Michigan Wolverines football team beat Racine in a game played in Chicago.

The US Naval Academy also had its first game; the team did not have a coach until 1890.
Air Hostess (1933 film)
Air Hostess is a 1933 American Pre-Code aviation-themed melodrama based on a serial published in a 1919 True Story Magazine article called Air Hostess by Grace Perkins, also known as Dora Macy. Director Albert Rogell who had moved from shorts to B-films, had been interested in aviation having already helmed a similar feature, The Flying Marine (1929). In Air Hostess, the studio had attempted to merge flying and romance. Advertising stressed, "A date in the skies ... a rendezvous in the heavens...where love zooms with thrill after thrill ... but finds a happy landing!"

Evalyn Knapp plays a TWA air hostess attracted to a grandstanding pilot, despite the better advice of the blind mechanic and other employees who watch over her.) Knapp was being touted as a future star, with a starring role in Sinners' Holiday (1930), but eventually lost her A-status and was relegated to such B-fare as Air Hostess.

Evalyn Knapp
Evalyn Knapp (born Evelyn Pauline Knapp; June 17, 1906 – June 12, 1981) was an American film actress of the late 1920s, 1930s and into the 1940s. She was a leading B-movie serial actress in the 1930s. She was the younger sister of the orchestra leader Orville Knapp.
FC Politehnica Iași (1945)
Fotbal Club Politehnica Iași (Romanian pronunciation: [po.liˈteh.nika ˈjaʃʲ]), commonly known as Politehnica Iași or simply Poli Iași, was a Romanian football club from the city of Iași, Iași County.

Named after the Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași, the team was founded in 1945. Its home stadium was the Stadionul Emil Alexandrescu, where it played in blue and white until being dissolved in 2010. In the same year, a successor club was formed under the name of ACSMU Politehnica Iași and currently competes in the first division.

Iași County
Iași County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjaʃʲ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași. It is the most populous county in Romania, after the Municipality of Bucharest (which has the same administrative level as that of a county).
Gates of Baghdad
The gates of Baghdad (Arabic: أبواب بغداد) are the several bab, meaning gate in Arabic, connected by walls surrounding the city of Baghdad. The gates and the walls were designed to protect the city from foreign incursions. Some of the components date back to the Abbasid era, while others were preserved and renovated during the Ottoman era.

Bab al-Mu'adham
Bab al-Mu'adham (Arabic: باب المعظم; also written as Bab al-Moatham or Bab al-Mu'azzam) is a prominent landmark in Baghdad, Iraq. Bab al-Mu'adham was previously and historically one of the gates of Baghdad during the Ottoman Empire, leading to the mosque of Abu Hanifa, a renowned Islamic scholar. The neighborhood lies to the north of central Baghdad, between the Sarafiya Bridge and al-Sinak Bridge, not far from the Tigris River.
Siege of Bhatiya
In October 1004–June 1005 AD, Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud of Ghazni (r. 998–1030) led his third military expedition into India, targeting the Multan region. Marching through Balochistan and crossing the Indus River, his army faced strong resistance at the fort of Bhatiya, a key point on the trade route from the Khyber Pass to Multan. Baji Rai the Rajput Raja of the Kingdom of Bhatiya, put up a fierce defense but was ultimately defeated. Baji Rai committed suicide which led the end of the kingdom.

Khyber Pass
The Khyber Pass is a mountain pass in the Khyber District of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, along the international border with Afghanistan. It connects the town of Landi Kotal to the Valley of Peshawar at Jamrud by traversing part of the White Mountains. Since it was part of the ancient Silk Road, it has been a vital trade route between Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent and a strategic military choke point for various states that controlled it. The Khyber Pass is considered one of the most famous mountain passes in the world.
Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign
The 2008 presidential campaign of Cynthia McKinney, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's 11th district (1993–97) and 4th district (1997–2003, 2005–07), began on December 16, 2007, as a candidate for the Green Party presidential nomination via YouTube. She and her running mate Rosa Clemente accepted the Green Party's presidential nomination July 12, 2008 at the 2008 Green National Convention. Her campaign focused on issues such as racial profiling, September 11, 2001 attacks, and the Green Party's 10 key values.
She also supported statehood for the District of Columbia, slavery reparations, electoral reforms including instant runoff voting, and calls for abolishing the death penalty and the war on drugs.

On November 4, 2008, McKinney finished sixth in the election with 161,603 votes, 41,744 more votes than the Cobb/LaMarche ticket four years prior.

Cindy Sheehan
Cindy Lee Sheehan (née Miller; born July 10, 1957) is an American anti-war activist, whose son, U.S. Army Specialist Casey Sheehan, was killed by enemy action during the Iraq War. She attracted national and international media attention in August 2005 for her extended antiwar protest at a makeshift camp outside President George W. Bush's Texas ranch—a stand that drew both passionate support and criticism. Sheehan ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 2008. She was a vocal critic of President Barack Obama's foreign policy. Her memoir, Peace Mom: A Mother's Journey Through Heartache to Activism, was published in 2006. In an interview with The Daily Beast in 2017, Sheehan continued to hold her critical views towards George W. Bush, while also criticizing the militarism of Donald Trump.

Sheehan was the 2012 vice presidential nominee of the Peace and Freedom Party alongside Roseanne Barr, and received 1.2% of the statewide vote in the 2014 California gubernatorial primary election.
Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School
The Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School (Russian: Новосибирское высшее военное командное училище, romanized: Novosibirskoye vyssheye voyennoye komandnoye uchilishche) is a Russian higher military school conducting commissioned officer programmes (specialitet). It is located in Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk.

Russian Airborne Forces
The Russian Airborne Forces (Russian: Воздушно-десантные войска России, ВДВ, romanized: Vozdushno-desantnye voyska Rossii, VDV) is the airborne separate combat arm  of the Russian Armed Forces. It is a rapid response force and strategic reserve that is under the President of Russia, reporting directly to the Chief of the General Staff, and is organized into airborne and air assault units. It was formed in 1992 from divisions of the Soviet Airborne Forces that came under Russian control following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Troops of the Russian Airborne Forces have traditionally worn a blue beret and blue-striped telnyashka undershirt and are called desant (Russian: Десант), from the French Descente.

The Russian Airborne Forces utilizes a range of specialist airborne warfare vehicles and are fully mechanized. Traditionally they have had a larger complement of heavy weaponry than most contemporary airborne forces.
Arkansas Tech Wonder Boys football
The Arkansas Tech Wonder Boys football team represents Arkansas Tech University in college football at the NCAA Division II level. The Wonder Boys are members of the Great American Conference (GAC), fielding its team in the GAC since 2011. The Wonder Boys play their home games at Simmons Bank Field at Thone Stadium in Russellville, Arkansas.

Their head coach is Roy Thompson, who took over the position for the 2025 season.

Russellville, Arkansas
Russellville is the county seat of and the largest city in Pope County, Arkansas, United States, with a 2025 estimated population of 30,971. It is home to Arkansas Tech University. Arkansas Nuclear One, Arkansas' only nuclear power plant, is nearby. Russellville borders Lake Dardanelle and the Arkansas River..

It is the principal city of the Russellville micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Pope and Yell Counties. Under Arkansas Code Title 14, Russellville is a city of the first class.
Sweethearts of Country Music
Sweethearts of Country Music is a compilation album by American country artists Wynn Stewart and Jan Howard. It was released in 1960 via Challenge Records and was produced by Joe Johnson. It was the debut album releases for both music artists and their only album releases for the Challenge label. A combination of solo and duet recordings by both artists are featured on the package.

Wynn Stewart
Winford Lindsey "Wynn" Stewart (June 7, 1934 – July 17, 1985) was an American country music singer and songwriter. He was one of the progenitors of the Bakersfield sound. Although not a huge chart success, he was an inspiration to such artists as Buck Owens, Merle Haggard and Nick Lowe.
Sewadjkare
Sewadjkare (more exactly Sewadjkare I) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty during the early Second Intermediate Period.

According to Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker he was the eleventh ruler of the dynasty, reigning for a short time c. 1781 BC. Alternatively, Thomas Schneider, Detlef Franke and Jürgen von Beckerath see him as the tenth king of the 13th Dynasty, with Schneider placing his reign at c. 1737 BC.

Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII).

Dynasty XIII initially ruled from the Nile Delta to the second cataract of the Nile. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with the Canaanite Dynasty XIV rising concurrently and the Hyksos Dynasty XV taking control shortly after.

Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep is usually considered Dynasty XIII's first pharaoh, and Merneferre Ay, while not the final pharaoh, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of Itjtawy, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign.
Machine control
In civil engineering, machine control is used to accurately position earthwork machinery based on 3D design models and GPS systems, and thus aid machine operators to e.g. control the position of a road grader's blade. Many machine control systems utilize the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) system to improve the positioning accuracy.

There are six dominant manufacturers of machine control systems: iDig, Leica Geosystems, MOBA Mobile Automation AG, Trimble Navigation Limited, Unicontrol and Topcon Positioning Systems. In 2010, The Kellogg Report was published to serve as a resource for comparing the systems from these and other manufacturers.

Leica Geosystems
Leica Geosystems  (formerly known as Wild Heerbrugg or just Wild) based in eastern Switzerland produces products and systems for surveying and geographical measurement (geomatics). Its products employ a variety of technologies including GPS satellite navigation and laser rangefinders to enable users to model existing structures, terrains in computer based systems to high accuracies, often under 1 cm.
Abdulla Saeed
Abdulla Saeed  (Dhivehi: އަބްދުﷲ ސައީދު; born 25 September 1964) is a Maldivian politician, who was the Chief Justice of the Maldives from September 18, 2008 to August 10, 2010 and December 15, 2014 to June 20, 2018.

On February 6, 2018, Chief Justice Abdulla Saeed. alongside Justice Ali Hameed, was arrested under a state of emergency after being accused of trying to overthrow the government.

On May 8, 2018 he was found guilty of trying to obstruct state functions, being accused of ordering the suspension of the government’s e-letter management system (GEMS) to block the delivery of three letters. He lost his seat on the bench after Supreme Court rejected his appeal on June 20, 2018.

Meedhoo (Addu)
Meedhoo (Dhivehi: މީދޫ) is the oldest populated island in Addu Atoll, having been settled between 1000 and 500 BCE. Its name comes from the original Indo-Aryan settlers, the "dhoo" comes from sanskrit "dwīpa" meaning island but the meaning of "mee" is obscure.

Meedhoo is generally considered to be the northern half of Hulhumeedhoo, and has an area of 1.827 km2 and a population of 2,953 (2017).
Man Alive! (play)
Man Alive! is a comedy play by the British writer John Dighton. In a strange turnaround at a department store in Oxford Street, a shop window mannequin comes to life and takes over the store while the unpopular manager is temporarily turned into a dummy.

After premiering at the Pleasure Gardens Theatre in Folkestone it transferred to the Aldwych Theatre where it ran for 84 performances from 14 June to 25 August 1956. The cast included Robertson Hare, Brian Reece, Wendy Craig, Joan Hickson and Joan Sims.

Mannequin
A mannequin (sometimes spelled as manikin and also called a dummy, lay figure, or dress form) is a doll, often articulated, used by artists, tailors, dressmakers, window dressers and others, especially to display or fit clothing and show off different fabrics and textiles. Alternatively the term refers, or referred to, a live human fashion model.

Life-sized mannequins with simulated airways are used in the teaching of first aid, CPR, and advanced airway management skills such as tracheal intubation. During the 1950s, mannequins were used in nuclear tests to help show the effects of nuclear weapons on humans. Also referred to as mannequins are the human figures used in computer simulation to model the behavior of the human body.
Pat Ashworth
Pat Ashworth SRN, SCM, FRCN, FFNRCSI (1930 – 26 January 2023) was a British nursing sister who specialised in intensive care.

Ashworth qualified at Kent County Ophthalmic and Aural Hospital, Guy's Hospital, Jessop Hospital and Nether Edge Hospital.

Ashworth worked in a number of nursing roles until 1973, then a Department of Health and Social Security fellowship until 1976, followed by a joint clinical/academic post at Manchester Royal Infirmary and the University of Manchester until 1979.

Ashworth was Manchester's research programme manager at their WHO collaborating centre for nursing from 1979 to 1985; then a senior lecturer in nursing at the University of Ulster from 1985 to 1990.

Ashworth served as founding editor of the journal Intensive Care Nursing (later Intensive and Critical Care Nursing) from 1985 to 2000.

In 1979 she was awarded Fellowship of the Royal College of Nursing.

Ashworth died in Portstewart, Northern Ireland on 26 January 2023.

Guy's Hospital
Guy's Hospital is an NHS hospital founded by philanthropist Thomas Guy in 1721, located in the borough of Southwark in central London. It is part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and one of the institutions that comprise the King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre. It is the large teaching hospital of GKT School of Medical Education.

The hospital's Tower Wing (originally known as Guy's Tower) was, when built in 1974, the tallest hospital building in the world, standing at 148.65 metres (487.7 ft) with 34 floors. The tower was overtaken as the world's tallest healthcare-related building by The Belaire in New York City in 1988. As of June 2019, the Tower Wing, which remains one of the tallest buildings in London, is the world's sixth-tallest hospital building.
Mols railway station
Mols railway station (German: Bahnhof Mols) is a now disfunct railway station in Quarten, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. The station was closed on 12 December 2021, because of ongoing construction work on the Bommerstein tunnel and low ridership. Buses continue to stop at the station.

The station used to be an intermediate stop of the former S4 circle line (rerouted in December 2023) on the Ziegelbrücke–Sargans line.

S4 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)
The S4 is a railway service of the St. Gallen S-Bahn that provides hourly service between Sargans and Rapperswil via St. Gallen, connecting stations in the cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell Ausserrhoden. The section near Lake Constance (Bodensee) is also part of the Bodensee S-Bahn. Südostbahn (SOB), a private company primarily owned by the federal government and the canton of St. Gallen, operates the service.

Between 2013–2023 it operated over a circular route (German: Ringzug), also running over the Ziegelbrücke–Sargans railway line south of the Walensee.
Adaptimmune
Adaptimmune is a biopharmaceutical company that develops T cell therapies against cancer. The company was founded in 2008 in the UK with links to both Oxford University and the University of Pennsylvania. It has headquarters in Philadelphia and Milton Park.

In August 2024, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to Adaptimmune's Tecelra, a therapy against a rare form of cancer. Tecelra is the first T cell therapy to be approved for use against a solid tumor. In January 2025, the  FDA granted breakthrough therapy designation to Adaptimmune's Letetresgene Autoleucel (lete-cel) for Treatment of Myxoid/Round Cell Liposarcoma (MRCLS).

In July 2025, Adaptimmune announced their entry into a Definitive Agreement for Sale of Tecelra, lete-cel, and the pre-clinical uza-cel to US WorldMeds for $55M.

T cell receptor T cell therapy
T cell receptor T cell therapy (TCR-T) is a type of adoptive T-cell therapy that targets some cancers. TCR-T therapies are based on the use and redirection of the T cell receptor (TCR) against specific antigen of interest such as a tumor antigens. TCRs are heterodimers made of alpha and beta peptide chains to recognize MHC-presented polypeptide fragment molecules. Unlike CAR-T, which uses cell surface antigens, TCR-T can recognize MHC's larger set of intracellular antigen fragments. However, TCR-T cell therapy depends on MHC molecules, limiting its usefulness.

Each T cell's TCR is specific to one antigen and sits on the T cell's surface. The affinity of human TCRs to tumor antigens is relatively low, rendering them unable to recognize and kill tumor cells effectively. The modified T cell has much higher affinity, which enhances both recognition and affinity supporting the recognition of tumor cells.
Love for Love
Love for Love is a Restoration comedy written by English playwright William Congreve. It premiered on 30 April 1695 at the  Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre. Staged by Thomas Betterton's company, the original cast included Betterton as Valentine, William Smith as Scandal, John Bowman as Tattle, Thomas Doggett as Ben, Samuel Sandford as Foresight, William Bowen as Jeremy, John Freeman as Buckram, Anne Bracegirdle as Angelica, Elizabeth Bowman as Mrs Foresight, Elizabeth Barry as Mrs Frail, Elinor Leigh as Nurse and Abigail Lawson as Jenny.

Anne Bracegirdle
Anne Bracegirdle (possibly 1671 – 12 September 1748) was an English actress and soprano. Most of the plays she performed in involved singing as well as acting. She often performed music written for her by the composer John Eccles, and also sung music written for her by Henry Purcell. She became particularly well known for the song "I burn" which Eccles originally wrote for Bracegirdle to perform in Thomas D'Urfey's play The Comical History of Don Quixote (1694). She also sang music by Eccles in the play The Richmond Heiress (1693) and in William Congreve opera The Judgment of Paris (1701, as Venus). In 1706 she starred in Giuseppe Fedeli's opera The Temple of Love.
1980–81 Rugby League Premiership
The 1980–81 Rugby League Premiership was the seventh staging of the end of season Rugby League Premiership competition.

The final was contested by Hull Kingston Rovers and Hull F.C. at Headingley, Leeds. Hull Kingston Rovers won the match 11–7, and was the first time the club had won the Premiership trophy. The prize money for the winning team was £4,000.

Headingley Rugby Stadium
Headingley Rugby Stadium (known as AMT Headingley Rugby Stadium due to sponsorship) is a rugby league stadium in Headingley, Leeds and shares the same site as Headingley Cricket Ground. It is the home ground of the Leeds Rhinos, and is the fifth largest rugby league stadium in England.
Shayar-e-Kashmir Mahjoor
Shayar-e-Kashmir Mahjoor (Hindi: शेर-ए-कश्मीर महजूर, Urdu: شاعرِ کشمیر مہجور) is a 1972 Bollywood biographical drama film directed by Prabhat Mukherjee. The film stars Balraj Sahni, Parikshat Sahni, Pran Kishore and Mohammad Yousuf Qureshi, famous Kathak dancer Geetanjali Desai.

The film is a biography of Kashmiri poet Ghulam Ahmed Mahjoor.

Balraj Sahni
Balraj Sahni (born Yudhishthir Sahni; 1 May 1913 – 13 April 1973) was an Indian film and stage actor, who is best known for Dharti Ke Lal (1946), Hum Log (1951), Do Bigha Zameen (1953), Chhoti Bahen (1959), Kabuliwala (1961), Waqt (1965) and Garm Hava (1973). He was the brother of Bhisham Sahni, the Hindi writer, playwright, and actor. He won a Filmfare Special Award for outstanding contribution to Indian films in 1970.