hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pak Business Express
The Pak Business Express (Urdu: پاک کاروبار اکسپريس ), often abbreviated as Business Express, is a daily express train service between in Pakistan between the cities of Karachi and Lahore, which is one of the busiest routes in the country. It was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani on 4 January 2012.

The total traveling time of the route was 19 hours 30 minutes, on a total traveling distance of 1,214 kilometres (754 mi).

Karachi Cantonment railway station
Karachi Cantonment Railway Station (Urdu: کراچی چھاؤنی ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: ڪراچي ڇانوڻي ريلوي اسٽيشن) (often abbreviated as Karachi Cantt.) is one of the busiest and principal railway stations in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is situated near Dr. Daudpota Road, Saddar.
Norman Jennett
Norman Ethre Jennett (March 10, 1877 – January 7, 1970) was a political cartoonist for newspapers in the United States. He produced cartoons critical of Fusion candidates, Populists, and Republicans. He was nicknamed "Sampson Huckleberry".

He was born in Grantham, North Carolina to Elijah Stanton and Clarissa King Jennett in Wayne County, North Carolina.

He made cartoons for the 1896 and 1898 elections.

He married Helen Mary MacGinness, who was born in Ireland and they were parents to Norman Ethre Jr. and Charlotte Clara Jennett.

He caricatured Republican representatives Charles Alston Cook and Virgil Lusk in the North Carolinian newspaper in Raleigh in 1897.

Virgil Lusk
Virgil Stuart Lusk was a district attorney and political leader in North Carolina. He served as mayor of Asheville, North Carolina. He fought in the Confederate States Army as a cavalry officer and was a prisoner of war during the American Civil War. He became a Republican in 1865.

As mayor he was involved in water projects.

In 1870 he was attacked by a Ku Klux Klan leader.

He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1895 and 1897. He and fellow Republican Charles Alston Cook were caricatured in the North Carolinian a Democratic Party paper in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Waugoshance Island
Waugoshance Island is an island off of Waugoshance Point, in Lake Michigan. It is located in Bliss Township of Emmet County, Michigan. Waugoshance and nearby Temperance Island are part of the Wilderness State Park. The Waugoshance Light is located north west of the island in shallow water shoals, that prove to be challenging for navigation.  The White Shoal Light and the Grays Reef Light are also in the waters near the island.

Waugoshance Light
The ruined lighthouse at Waugoshance protects boats from a shoal area at the northern end of Lake Michigan. The lighthouse is located in Emmet County, Michigan, United States, and in U.S. Coast Guard District No. 9.  It is approximately 15 miles (24 km) west of Mackinaw City.  Due to erosion and deterioration, the lighthouse is deteriorating and critically endangered, and likely to fall into the lake in the near future.
Giovannini
Giovannini is an Italian surname, derived from the given name Giovanni. Notable people with the surname include:

Giovannini (composer) (fl. 1740 – c. 1782), Italian composer and violinist, first name unknown

Alberto Giovannini (1955–2019), Italian macroeconomist and financial economist

Andrea Giovannini (born 1993), Italian speed skater

Attilio Giovannini (1924–2005), Italian footballer

Caesar Giovannini (1925–2017), American pianist, band arranger and composer

Carlo Cesare Giovannini (1695–1758), Italian Baroque painter

Carlotta Giovannini (born 1990), Italian artistic gymnast

Enrico Giovannini (born 1957), Italian economist and statistician

Gianluca Giovannini (born 1983), Italian footballer

Guglielmo Giovannini (1925–1990), Italian footballer

Pietro Giovannini (1744–1811), Italian clergyman

Romeo Giovannini (born 2001), Italian footballer

Enrico Giovannini
Enrico Giovannini (born 6 June 1957) is an Italian economist, statistician and academic, member of the Club of Rome. Since February 2021, he has been serving as Minister of Infrastructure and Sustainable Mobility in the Draghi Government. From April 2013 to February 2014, he served as Minister of Labour and Social Policies in the Letta Government. From 2009 to 2013, he held the office of President of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat).
4364 Shkodrov
4364 Shkodrov, provisional designation 1978 VV5, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 November 1978, by American astronomers Eleanor Helin and Schelte Bus at the Palomar Observatory in California. The asteroid was named after Bulgarian astronomer Vladimir Shkodrov.

Schelte J. Bus
Schelte John "Bobby" Bus (born 1956) is an American astronomer and discoverer of minor planets at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Hawaiʻi and deputy director of NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii, United States.
Eves ministry
The Eves ministry was the combined cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Ontario) that governed Ontario from April 15, 2002, to October 22, 2003. It was led by the 23rd premier of Ontario, Ernie Eves. The cabinet was made up of members of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, which commanded a parliamentary majority.

The ministry replaced the Harris ministry following the 2002 PC Party leadership election, occurring after the resignation of Premier Mike Harris. The ministry governed through the final seventeen months of the 37th Parliament of Ontario.

After the PC Party lost the 2003 election, the Eves ministry resigned, and was succeeded by the McGuinty ministry led by Premier Dalton McGuinty.

37th Parliament of Ontario
The 37th Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was in session from June 8, 1999, until May 5, 2003. Its membership was set by the general election of 1999. Majority was held by the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party led by Mike Harris.

During the 36th Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Harris' government had passed legislation which realigned provincial electoral districts to match the boundaries in use for federal districts; accordingly, the 37th Assembly had a reduced number of seats, with just 103 members compared to 130 in the previous session.

In the March 2002 leadership convention, following Mike Harris' resignation announcement, Ernie Eves was elected party leader.

Gary Carr served as speaker for the assembly.
19th Japan Film Professional Awards
The 19th Japan Film Professional Awards (第19回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞) is the 19th edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. Films of 2009 which had not already won a major domestic film award were eligible. The ceremony took place on May 15, 2010 at Shin-Bungeiza in Tokyo. In addition to the usual categories, five films were selected for best films of the "Zero era" (Released from 2000 to 2009).

2009 in film
The year 2009 saw the release of many films. Seven made the top 50 list of highest-grossing films. Also in 2009, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that as of that year, their Best Picture category would consist of ten nominees, rather than five (the first time since the 1943 awards).
Helena National Park
Helena National Park is a national park in the Perth metropolitan and Wheatbelt regions of Western Australia, 70 kilometres (43 mi) south-east of Perth. It is located in the City of Kalamunda and the Shires of Beverley, York and Mundaring. The park is located in the Jarrah Forest bioregion.

Helena National Park was created as Class A reserve No. 47882 on 30 November 2004 with a size of 12,255 hectares (30,280 acres) as one of nine national parks proclaimed in the state that day.

The national park, on land whose traditional owners are the Whadjuk people, is located on the Bibbulmun Track and part of the Perth Hills.

Shire of York
The Shire of York is a local government area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, covering an area of 2,133 square kilometres (824 sq mi) just beyond the eastern fringe of Perth's metropolitan area. The Shire's seat of government is the town of York.
Praslin Island Airport
Praslin Island Airport (IATA: PRI, ICAO: FSPP) also known as Iles des Palmes Airport, is an airport at Grand Anse on Praslin Island in the Seychelles. It is served by Air Seychelles, which flies scheduled flights to Mahé and charters to the other islands in the Seychelles. The airport has the capacity to handle over 1500 passengers daily and over half a million passengers annually.

Air Seychelles
Air Seychelles is the national airline of the Republic of Seychelles. Its head office is located at Seychelles International Airport on the island of Mahé and it operates inter-island and international flights and charter flights.
Boomi, New South Wales
Boomi is a town in north western New South Wales, Australia. The town is in the Moree Plains Shire local government area, 728 kilometres (452 mi) north west of the state capital, Sydney, on the border on the New South Wales side of the MacIntyre River. Boomi is west of the Queensland town of Goondiwindi and north of Moree in New South Wales. At the 2016 census, Boomi and the surrounding farming area had a population of approximately 200.

Goondiwindi
Goondiwindi (/ɡʊndəˈwɪndi/) is a rural town and locality in the Goondiwindi Region, Queensland, Australia. It is on the border of Queensland and New South Wales. In the 2021 census, the locality of Goondiwindi had a population of 6,230.
Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").

Individual
An individual is one that exists as a distinct entity. Individuality (or self-hood) is the state or quality of living as an individual; particularly (in the case of humans) as a person unique from other people and possessing one's own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The concept of an individual features in many    fields, including biology, law, and philosophy. Every individual contributes significantly to the growth of a civilization. Society is a multifaceted concept that is shaped and influenced by a wide range of different things, including human behaviors, attitudes, and ideas. The culture, morals, and beliefs of others as well as the general direction and trajectory of the society can all be influenced and shaped by an individual's activities.
David E. Evans
David E. Evans FLSW was born in 1950 at Glanamman, Dyfed, Wales. He is a professor of mathematics at Cardiff University, specialising in knot theory. He has published a number of books, many in collaboration with Yasuyuki Kawahigashi.

He studied at New College, Oxford, and Jesus College, Oxford.

From 1975 to 1976 Evans worked as a scholar and research assistant in the department of theoretical physics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. Over the next few years he travelled around the world working as a research fellow at UCLA (1977); Australian National University, Canberra (1982, 1989); Kyoto University (1982–83, 1985); and the University of Ottawa (1983). Between 1987 and 1998 he worked as a professor at Swansea, Wales. Since 1998, he has worked as a professor at Cardiff University.

Yasuyuki Kawahigashi
Yasuyuki Kawahigashi (河東 泰之, born 1962), formerly known as Yasuyuki Asano, is a Japanese mathematician and a professor at the Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, the University of Tokyo. His primary area of expertise is operator algebra theory.
Anil Jasinghe
Dr Anil Jasinghe is a Sri Lankan medical administrator and the current secretary in Ministry of Health and Mass Media, who previously served as the Secretary of the Ministry of Environment of Sri Lanka, as well as the Director-General of Health Services in Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine from December 2017 to August 2020, which included the early phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Born in Kamburupitiya, Matara district, Jasinghe was educated at Mahinda College and Ananda College. He graduated from Lvov State Medical Institute,  and holds a M.Sc. in Community Medicine and MD in Medical Administration from Postgraduate Institute of Medicine in Sri Lanka. In 2011 he obtained Master of Public Administration (MPA) from Postgraduate Institute of Management of University of Sri Jayewardenepura.

Mahinda College
Mahinda College is a Buddhist boys' school in Galle, Sri Lanka. The school was established on 1 March 1892 by the Buddhist Theosophical Society led by Colonel Henry Steel Olcott. As of today it is a national school which provides primary and secondary education across 13 grades to a student population of around 5200.
1869 Hereford by-election
The 1869 Hereford by-election was fought on 30 March 1869.  The by-election was fought due to the Void election of both  the incumbent MPs of the Liberal Party George Clive  and  John Wyllie.  It was won by the Liberal candidates Edward Clive  and  Chandos Wren-Hoskyns.

Edward Clive (British Army officer)
General Edward Henry Clive, DL, JP (23 September 1837 – 1 March 1916) was a British soldier and Liberal politician, the son of George Clive and Ann Sybella Martha, daughter of Sir Thomas Farquhar, 2nd Baronet.
2013–14 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy
The 2013–14 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy was one of two first-class domestic cricket competitions that were held in Pakistan during the 2013–14 cricket season. It was the 56th edition of the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, and was contested by fourteen teams representing regional cricket associations. It ran concurrently with the President's Trophy, which was contested by ten departmental teams.

Rawalpindi won the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy for the first time, defeating Islamabad in the final.

Quaid-e-Azam Trophy
The Quaid-e-Azam Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket competition in Pakistan. With few exceptions, it has been staged annually since it was first played during the 1953–54 season. Domestic cricket in Pakistan has undergone many reorganisations, with the number of teams and matches in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy changing regularly. It has been variously contested by associations or departments, or a combination of the two. Since 2019 it has been contested by regional teams only.
Dirname
dirname is a shell command for extracting the directory path portion of a path, without the last name. The command is specified in the Single UNIX Specification and is primarily used in shell scripts.

The version in GNU Core Utilities was written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering. The command is available for Windows as part of the GnuWin32 project and UnxUtils and is in IBM i.

UnxUtils
UnxUtils is a collection of utility programs that provide popular Unix-based shell commands – ported from GNU implementations as native Windows programs that depend only on Win32 and the Microsoft C-runtime (msvcrt.dll). The collection was last updated externally on April 15, 2003, by Karl M. Syring. As of December 2016, the most recent release was an open-source project at SourceForge, with the latest binary release in March, 2007 (though the files are dated 2000). The independent distribution included a main zip archive (UnxUtils.zip, 3,365,638 bytes) complemented by more recent updates (UnxUpdates.zip, 878,847 bytes, brought some binaries up to year 2003), but the SourceForge project has no UnxUpdates.zip package.

An alternative collection of Unix-based utilities for Windows is GnuWin32. It has later versions of many programs, but requires supporting files (e.g. DLLs).

Supported commands include:
Nowy Kamień, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Nowy Kamień (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈkamjɛj̃]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dwikozy, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) north of Sokołów Małopolski, 36 km (22 mi) south of Stalowa Wola, and 36 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

Sandomierz County
Sandomierz County (Polish: powiat sandomierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sandomierz, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Koprzywnica, lying 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and Zawichost, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Sandomierz.

The county covers an area of 675.89 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,352, out of which the population of Sandomierz is 23,494, that of Koprzywnica is 2,470, that of Zawichost is 1,771, and the rural population is 49,617.
Contemporary Art Centre (Vilnius)
Contemporary Art Centre (CAC, Lithuanian: Šiuolaikinio meno centras) – art institution, established in 1992 by Lithuanian Ministry of Culture. CAC has replaced the Arts Exhibition Palace (Lithuanian: Dailės parodų rūmai) and took over its building in Vilnius, 2 Vokiečių street. CAC contains five exposition rooms (total area exceeds 2000 sq. m) and a cinema hall. In 1997 FLUXUS cabinet of George Maciunas was opened, housing a permanent exhibition of fluxus artworks, assembled from private collection of Gilbert and Lila Silverman. Since 2005 CAC the periodic journal "ŠMC/CAC Interviu" is issued by CAC.

Ministry of Culture (Lithuania)
The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos kultūros ministerija) is a governmental body of the Republic of Lithuania. Its mission is to formulate and implement state cultural policies supporting professional and amateur art, theatre, music, fine arts, cinema, museums, libraries, and written publications, to guard copyright and copyright-related interests, and to protect cultural values.
Attal government
The Attal government (French: gouvernement Attal) was the forty-fourth government of the French Fifth Republic, formed on 9 January 2024 and headed by Gabriel Attal as Prime Minister under the presidency of Emmanuel Macron. It served as a caretaker government from July to September 2024, before Michel Barnier was appointed prime minister.

The Attal cabinet was a three-party minority government as a result of the 2022 legislative election that left the governing coalition short of an absolute majority in Parliament. His government managed to survive votes of no confidence thanks to the repeated abstentions of MPs from The Republicans. Following the second round of the 2024 legislative election, Attal remained Prime minister until the appointment of Michel Barnier on 5 September.

Ensemble (political coalition)
Ensemble (lit. 'Together', stylised in all caps), known in full as Ensemble pour la République (Together for the Republic), is a liberal political coalition in France created by Emmanuel Macron. Formed in November 2021 as Ensemble Citoyens, it makes up the presidential majority and includes Renaissance (RE, formerly known as En Marche and La République En Marche!), Democratic Movement (MoDem), Horizons, En Commun, and the Progressive Federation. The coalition included the parties Agir and Territories of Progress (TDP) until they were merged into the rebranded Renaissance. Ensemble has mainly been described as being centrist and sometimes as centre-right on the political spectrum.

After the 2022 French legislative election, the coalition won a plurality of seats but lost its majority in the National Assembly. In 2024, they were reduced further into third place in terms of votes but second in seats.
Hasmonean and Herodian royal winter palaces
31°51′13.35″N 35°26′1.44″E﻿ / ﻿31.8537083°N 35.4337333°E﻿ / 31.8537083; 35.4337333

The Hasmonean and Herodian royal winter palaces, or the Hasmonean and Herodian palaces at Jericho, are a complex of Hasmonean and Herodian buildings from the Second Temple period, which were discovered in the western plain of Jericho valley, at Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq, near the place where the Roman road connecting Jericho with Jerusalem enters Wadi Qelt. Two tells are located on either side of Wadi Qelt.

The palaces are evidence of the luxurious lifestyle of the Hasmonean dynasty and Herod the Great. They made extensive use of swimming pools, bathhouses, ornamental gardens and orchards. The palaces were not far from Jerusalem – 20 km along the ancient Roman road (see "ascent of Adummim").

Public bathing
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other criteria.

In addition to their hygienic function, public baths have also been social meeting places. They have included hot-air bathing facilities such as hammams, Victorian Turkish baths, and saunas. Some have also provided complementary services such as shampooing, massages, and other relaxation therapies, often also found in contemporary day spas.

As the percentage of dwellings containing private bathrooms has increased in some societies, the need for public baths has diminished, and they are now almost exclusively used recreationally.
Nijmegen breakage syndrome
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder causing chromosomal instability, probably as a result of a defect in the double Holliday junction DNA repair mechanism and/or the synthesis dependent strand annealing mechanism for repairing double strand breaks in DNA (see Homologous recombination).

NBS1 codes for a protein (nibrin) that has two major functions: (1) to stop the cell cycle in the S phase, when there are errors in the cell DNA (2) to interact with FANCD2 that can activate the BRCA1/BRCA2 pathway of DNA repair. This explains why mutations in the NBS1 gene lead to higher levels of cancer (see Fanconi anemia, Cockayne syndrome.)

The name derives from the Dutch city Nijmegen, where the condition was first described.

Most people with NBS have West Slavic origins. The largest number of them live in Poland.

Nijmegen
Nijmegen (/ˈnaɪmeɪɡən/ NY-may-gən, Dutch: [ˈnɛimeːɣə(n)] ⓘ; Nijmeegs: Nimwèège [ˈnɪmβ̞ɛːçə]) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands and the first to be recognized as such in Roman times. In 2005, it celebrated 2,000 years of existence.

Nijmegen became a free imperial city in 1230 and a Hanseatic city in 1402. Since 1923 it has been a university city with the opening of a Catholic institution now known as the Radboud University Nijmegen. The city is well known for the annual Vierdaagse — the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen event.

Its population as of 2024 was 187,011.