hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ulmus chumlia
Ulmus chumlia is a small deciduous tree endemic to the Himalaya from the Kashmir to central Nepal, and the provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan and Xizang (Tibet) in China. It is found in broadleaf forest on mountain slopes at elevations of 1000–3000 m. Richens noted that the species appeared to be the same as that named by Grudzinskaya as Ulmus androssowii var. virgata, which she considered an intermediate between U. minor and U. pumila.

Irina Grudzinskaya
Irina Aleksandrovna Grudzinskaya (1920–2012) was a Russian botanist who specialized in phanerogams, at one stage working in Cuba. Grudzinskaya trained at the Derkul Experimental Station of the Institute of Forestry, Academy of Science. She died in St Petersburg in 2011. In celebration of her 90th year, an article appeared in the Botanicheskii Zhurnal, which included a portrait and bibliography.

Grudzinskaya was born on 26 May 1920 to Kudzinskaya Blya, a teacher and Aleksandr Tukich Rudzinskiy, and attended schools in Khabarovsk and Ýngelüse. She attended Moscow State University and studied biology and by 1941, during the Second World War was working as a schoolteacher. Immediately after the end of the war in 1944 she returned to study of geobotany.
Remington MSR
The Modular Sniper Rifle, or MSR, is a bolt-action sniper rifle developed and produced by Remington Arms for the United States Army. It was introduced in 2009, and was designed to meet specific United States Army and USSOCOM Precision Sniper Rifle requirements. The MSR initially won the PSR competition, and was called the Remington Mk 21 Precision Sniper Rifle in U.S. military service. However, it was then decided that the Mk 21 did not conform to SOCOM requirements at the time in 2018, and the program was re-competed with the Barrett MRAD selected in 2019 as the Mk 22 Advanced Sniper Rifle solution.

Remington Arms
Remington Arms Company, LLC, was an American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition. It was formerly owned by the Remington Outdoor Company, which went bankrupt in 2020 with its lines of business sold to several purchasers. Two resulting companies each bear the Remington name—the firearms manufacturer is Remington Firearms owned by RemArms, LLC., and the ammunition business is Remington Ammunition owned by The Kinetic Group (Czechoslovak Group).

Founded in 1816 by Eliphalet Remington as E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York, it was one of the oldest gun makers in the United States and claimed to be the oldest factory in the country that still made its original product. The company was the largest rifle manufacturer in North America according to 2015 ATF statistics. The company developed or adopted more cartridges than any other gun maker or ammunition manufacturer in the world.
Artocarpus elasticus
Artocarpus elasticus of the Mulberry Family (Moraceae) and commonly called terap nasi or terap, is a rainforest tree of maritime and mainland Southeast Asia, growing  up to 45 metres (150 ft) (occasionally as much as 214 feet (65 meters)) in height with a diameter at breast height of about 1 metre (3 ft). The juvenile trees are noteworthy for producing a rosette  of enormous  deeply lobed leaves similar in shape to those of the white oak (Quercus alba), but up to 2 metres (6 ft) long by about 1.2 metres (4 ft) in width. The stipules are up to eight inches (twenty centimeters) long, among the largest known. These leaves emerge from leaf buds as long as 18 centimetres (7 in). The trees are dioecious (male and female flowers on separate trees). It produces a fruit like a small breadfruit. The male capitulae produce clouds of pollen, and pollenisation is apparently by wind.

Quercus alba
Quercus alba, the white oak, is one of the preeminent hardwoods of eastern and central North America. It is a long-lived oak, native to eastern and central North America and found from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and southern Maine south as far as northern Florida and eastern Texas. Specimens have been documented to be over 450 years old.

Although called a white oak, it is very unusual to find an individual specimen with white bark; the usual colour is a light gray. The name comes from the colour of the undersides of the leaves. In the forest it can reach a magnificent height and in the open it develops into a massive broad-topped tree with large branches striking out at wide angles.
Anita Nüßner
Anita Nüßner (also spelled Nüssner and sometimes wrongly listed as Nüssner-Kobuss or Nüßner-Kobuß, 10 June 1935 – 27 February 2025) was an East German sprint canoeist who competed from the late-1950s until 1968. Nüßner won a K-4 500 m bronze medal at the 1963 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships. She finished sixth in the K-1 500 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's K-1 500 metres
The women's K-1 500 metres event was an individual kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics program. In the official report, heats were shown timed in tenths of a second (0.1) while the semifinal and final events were timed in hundredths of a second (0.01).
Bo Hines
Robert Hines (born August 29, 1995) is an American businessman, former government official, and former college football player from North Carolina. He played college football for the NC State Wolfpack and Yale Bulldogs. In 2022, he was the Republican nominee in North Carolina's 13th congressional district. From January to August 2025, Hines was the executive director of the President's Council of Advisers on Digital Assets in Donald Trump's second administration. Prior to his role in public office he was the co-founder of the investment firm Nxum Capital. Since September 2025, Hines has served as the CEO of cryptocurrency stablecoin company Tether's US arm, Tether U.S.

Digital asset
A digital asset is anything that exists only in digital form and comes with a distinct usage right or distinct permission for use. Data that do not possess those rights are not considered assets.

Digital assets include, but are not limited to: digital documents, audio content, motion pictures, and other relevant digital data currently in circulation or stored on digital appliances, such as personal computers, laptops, portable media players, tablets, data storage devices, and telecommunication devices. This encompasses any apparatus that currently exists or will exist as technology progresses to accommodate the conception of new modalities capable of carrying digital assets. This holds true regardless of the ownership of the physical device on which the digital asset is located.
Róise & Frank
Róise & Frank ([ɾˠoːʃə], ROE-shuh) is a 2022 Irish comedy-drama film directed and written by Rachael Moriarty and Peter Murphy, and starring Bríd Ní Neachtain. The film is set in Ring, a town within Gaeltacht na nDéise in County Waterford.

County Waterford
County Waterford (Irish: Contae Phort Láirge) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Waterford. Waterford City and County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county at large, including the city, was 127,363 according to the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of the Déise. There is an Irish-speaking area, Gaeltacht na nDéise, in the southwest of the county.
Shripad Dabholkar
Shripad A. Dabholkar (1924 – May 2001) was an Indian intellectual and social activist. He was the founder of a non-structured methodology of grassroot networking for nature-friendly neighbourhood development called Prayog Pariwar (Experimenting Communities).  His contributions were recognized by many awards including the 1985 Jamnalal Bajaj Award.

Prayog Pariwar received considerable attention from some of the influential educational thinkers including  Paolo Freire (author of `Pedagogy of the Oppressed’) and Ivan Illich (author of`Deschooling Society’).  Illich invited Dabholkar to Centro Intercultural de Documentación in Cuernavaca in 1970. Kassel University in Germany organized in 1973 ‘‘Science for Rural Development: a workshop with Shripad Dabholkar and Paolo Freire’’. The theme of the workshop was to juxtapose the`Critical pedagogy’ of Freire for raising political awareness (conscientization) and the pedagogical methods of Prayog Pariwar to develop resource literacy.

Jamnalal Bajaj Award
Jamnalal Bajaj Award is an Indian award, for promoting Gandhian values, community service and social development. Established in 1978, by the Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation of Bajaj Group, it is given annually in four categories, and usually presented by the President, Vice president, Prime Minister of India or a leading figure. The foundation currently headed by Rahul Bajaj, was created in 1977, in the memory of group founder, philanthropist and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Jamnalal Bajaj. The award ceremony takes place on his birth anniversary, 4 November.
European brown hare syndrome
European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects hares and some cottontail rabbits, though it is most frequently found in the European hare (Lepus europaeus). It is caused by the lagovirus known as Lagovirus europaeus, formerly European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV).

Contagious disease
A contagious disease is an infectious disease that can be spread rapidly in several ways, including direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet contact.

These diseases are caused by organisms such as parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Many types of organisms live on the human body and they can sometimes cause disease.

Some common infectious diseases are influenza, COVID-19, ebola, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, Human papillomavirus infection, Polio, and Zika virus.

A disease is often known to be contagious before medical science discovers its causative agent. Koch's postulates, which were published at the end of the 19th century, were the standard for the next 100 years or more, especially with diseases caused by bacteria. Microbial pathogenesis attempts to account for diseases caused by a virus.
Noel Mitten
Noel Mitten (born 5 January 1957) was an Irish footballer during the 1970s.

He won a league winners medal with Bohemians in 1974–75 and was Bohemian's top scorer that season with 8 goals in 16 league games. Mitten scored in the 1974–75 League Cup final against Finn Harps and also netted in the replay. He made five appearances in European competition for Bohemians scoring in the 1976-77 European Cup Winners' Cup at Esbjerg fB. A former Manchester United trainee from 1972 to 1973, he later emigrated to Australia. Mitten's clubs in Australia included Frankston City, Essendon Croatia, Morwell Falcons, Maribyrnong Polonia and Sunshine George Cross FC.

For several years Mitten was head football (soccer) coach at Wesley College, Melbourne.

Wesley College, Melbourne
Wesley College is a co-educational, open-entry private school in Melbourne, Australia. Established in 1866, the college is the only school in Victoria to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) from early childhood to Year 12.

The college consists of three main metropolitan campuses in Melbourne, St Kilda Road, Glen Waverley and Elsternwick, residential/boarding facilities (Glen Waverley), three outdoor education sites (Mallana, Chum Creek, & Lochend), a year 9 residential learning campus in Clunes and the Yiramalay/Wesley Studio School (Yiramalay) in the Kimberley Region.

Wesley was the first registered school in Australia and is a founding member of the Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APS). It is affiliated with the Independent Primary School Heads of Australia, the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria, the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Penalva do Castelo
Penalva do Castelo is a town in Portugal in the district of Viseu, situated in the province of Beira Alta Province, the Centro (Beiras Region) and the Viseu Dão-Lafões subregion, with around 2000 inhabitants.

It is the seat of the Municipality of Penalva do Castelo, covering 134.34 km² and 7333 inhabitants (2021), divided into 11 civil parishes. The municipality borders Sátão to the north, Aguiar da Beira to the northeast, Fornos de Algodres to the east, Mangualde to the south and Viseu to the west.

Central Region, Portugal
The Central Region (Portuguese: Região do Centro, IPA: [ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w du ˈsẽtɾu]), also known as Central Portugal (Portugal Central), is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Leiria, Castelo Branco and Guarda. It is one of the seven Regions of Portugal (NUTS II subdivisions). It is also one of the regions of Europe, as given by the European Union for statistical and geographical purposes. Its area totals 28,462 km2 (10,989 sq mi). As of 2011, its population totalled 2,327,026 inhabitants, with a population density of 82 inhabitants per square kilometre.
United States Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel
The Office of Special Counsel was an office of the United States Department of Justice established by provisions in the Ethics in Government Act that expired in 1999. The provisions were replaced by Department of Justice regulation 28 CFR Part 600, which created the successor office of special counsel. The current regulations were drafted by former acting solicitor general Neal Katyal.

The independent counsel was an independent prosecutor—distinct from the attorney general of the United States Department of Justice—who provided reports to the United States Congress under 28 U.S.C. § 595.

Title 28 of the Code of Federal Regulations
CFR Title 28 - Judicial Administration is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), containing the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding judicial administration. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).
Tock
Tock (also known as Tuck in some English parts of Quebec and Atlantic Canada, and Pock in some parts of Alberta) is a board game, similar to Ludo, Aggravation or Sorry!, in which players race their four tokens (or marbles) around the game board from start to finish—the objective being to be the first to take all of one's tokens "home".  Like Sorry!, it is played with playing cards rather than dice.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Christian Michael
Christian Michael (c. 1593 – 29 August 1637) was a German organist and composer active in Saxony.

Born in Dresden, he matriculated at Leipzig in 1609 and succeeded his brother Samuel as organist at the Nicholaikirche in 1633.

His principal work is Tabulatura, darinnen etzliche Praeludia, Toccaten und Couranten uff das Clavier instrument gesetzt (Braunschweig, 1639).  With his father Rogier and brothers Tobias and Samuel, he is represented by a single motet in the anthology Angst der Hellen und Friede der Seelen (1623); two other vocal works survive in manuscript.

Motet
In Western classical music, a motet is mainly a vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from high medieval music to the present. The motet was one of the preeminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music. According to the English musicologist Margaret Bent, "a piece of music in several parts with words" is as precise a definition of the motet as will serve from the 13th to the late 16th century and beyond. The late 13th-century theorist Johannes de Grocheo believed that the motet was "not to be celebrated in the presence of common people, because they do not notice its subtlety, nor are they delighted in hearing it, but in the presence of the educated and of those who are seeking out subtleties in the arts".
Kye Sun-hui
Kye Sun-hui (Korean: 계순희; born 2 August 1979) is a North Korean judoka. Kye was born in Pyongyang.

Kye won three Olympic medals in different weight classes, in 1996, 2000 and 2004. When she won the gold medal in Atlanta, 1996 she became the youngest gold medalist in judo. She had entered the Games thanks to the wild card system, and her Olympic gold has been described as one of the biggest surprises of the Atlanta Olympics.

Kye competed for a fourth time at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing but did not fare too well.

Kye has been awarded the Kim Il Sung Prize and the titles of People's Athlete and Labor Hero.

Hero of Labour (North Korea)
Hero of Labour (Korean: 로력영웅; MR: Roryŏk Yŏngung) is one of the highest titles of honour of North Korea and the highest decoration of the country overall. The award was probably scheduled for establishment in the summer of 1950, but the Korean War postponed these plans. When the war had entered a phase of stalemate along the 38th parallel, the government had time to officially launch the decoration, originally under the name Korea Hero of Labour. 16 people were decorated Labour Heroes during the war and more since then. The decoration is based on its Soviet equivalent, Hero of Socialist Labour.
Nishiyama Station
Nishiyama Station (西山駅) is the name of two train stations in Japan:

Nishiyama Station (Fukuoka), a station on the Chikuhō Electric Railroad Line

Nishiyama Station (Niigata), a station on the Echigo Line

Chikuhō Electric Railroad Line
The Chikuhō Electric Railroad Line (筑豊電気鉄道線, Chikuhō Denki Tetsudō-sen) is a railway line in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, connecting Kurosaki-Ekimae in Kitakyushu with Chikuhō-Nōgata Station in Nōgata, operated by Chikuhō Electric Railroad (筑豊電気鉄道, Chikuhō Denki Tetsudō). The line does not have an official name. The company and the line are also called Chikutetsu (筑鉄). The company is a subsidiary of Nishi-Nippon Railroad (Nishitetsu), founded in 1951. The line originally had a through service with the Nishitetsu Kitakyushu Line, a tram line closed in 2000. Because of this, the Chikutetsu Line only uses tram vehicles. However, the line is legally classified as a railway under Railway Business Act, not a tramway under Tram Act, and the line does not share any segments with public roads.
Conlon
The Conlon family is an Irish noble family, the original Gaelic spelling being Ó Connalláin. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, the O'Conalláin were Princes of Ui Laeghari, an extensive territory in the counties of Meath and Westmeath, where the High King of Ireland historically derived his seat at the Hill of Tara. The O'Conlons were chiefs of Crioch Tullach, in County Tyrone and branches of this family in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries settled in the counties of Roscommon, Galway and Mayo. As a sept of the Northern Uí Néill, they claim descent from Niall of the Nine Hostages and his son Conall Gulban, both High Kings of Ireland.

Niall of the Nine Hostages
Niall Noígíallach (pronounced [ˈn̠ʲiːa̯l̪ n̪oːi̯ˈɣʲiːa̯l̪əx]; Old Irish "having nine hostages"), or Niall of the Nine Hostages, was a legendary, and possibly historical, Irish king. He was reputedly a High King of Ireland, and the progenitor of the Uí Néill dynasties who dominated Ireland from the 6th to the 10th centuries. Although Irish annalistic and chronicle sources place his reign in the late 4th and early 5th centuries, modern scholars date him about half a century later.: 70
Loch Raven, Maryland
Loch Raven is a neighborhood extending from northeast Baltimore to the eastern part of Baltimore County, in Maryland. The major road in the neighborhood is Loch Raven Boulevard, which stretches all the way from the I-695 beltway in Baltimore County to 25th Street in Baltimore City. It is located in the Baltimore Metro Area, and is considered one of the longest roads in the area with many different aspects of Baltimore that can be seen by riding through the area. This region is a diverse, but predominantly African American part of the city and county, and is also the area that consists of a large amount of Morgan State University students. The zip codes assigned to this area are 21218, 21239, 21286, 21284, and 21234, which is also a Parkville Zip Code.

Morgan State University
Morgan State University (Morgan State or MSU) is a public historically black research university in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is the third largest among all Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs). In 1890, the university, then known as the Centenary Biblical Institute, changed its name to honor Lyttleton Morgan, the first chairman of its board of trustees and a donor. It became a university in 1975.

Although a public institution, Morgan State is not a part of the University System of Maryland. It is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
History of programming languages
The history of programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were highly specialized, relying on mathematical notation and similarly obscure syntax. Throughout the 20th century, research in compiler theory led to the creation of high-level programming languages, which use a more accessible syntax to communicate instructions.

The first high-level programming language was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945. The first high-level language to have an associated compiler was created by Corrado Böhm in 1951, for his PhD thesis. The first commercially available language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed in 1956 (first manual appeared in 1956, but first developed in 1954) by a team led by John Backus at IBM.

Syntax (programming languages)
The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i.e. a programming language) defines the syntax that is valid for that language. A syntax error occurs when syntactically invalid source code is processed by a tool such as a compiler or interpreter.

The most commonly used languages are text-based with syntax based on strings. Alternatively, the syntax of a visual programming language is based on relationships between graphical elements.

When designing syntax, a designer of any language might start by writing down examples of both legal and illegal strings, before trying to figure out the general rules from those examples in use. Such that its general structure of syntax can be determined through its form of composition, so to yield semantically valid ranges everytime for each possible alteration. Or else, it returns errors, and warnings, for each invalid input.