hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forest Fletcher
Forest Fletcher (April 27, 1888 – November 27, 1945) was born in Lincoln, Nebraska and died in Lexington, Virginia.

Raised in Chicago, Fletcher attended the University of Notre Dame with his boyhood friend, legendary football player and coach Knute Rockne, with whom he shared Norwegian descent.  As a track and field athlete, Fletcher competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden, finishing seventh in men's standing high jump and ninth in the men's standing long jump.  After college, he taught in Cedar City, Utah and Mitchell, South Dakota before being hired by Washington & Lee University, where he served as cross country and track coach and athletic director.  During World War I, he organized students to serve with him in France with a medical ambulance unit.  In 1936, he accompanied the US track and field team, which included the great Jesse Owens, to the Berlin Olympics.

Mitchell, South Dakota
Mitchell (Lakota: Čhaŋkȟá-Ok'é) is a city in and the county seat of Davison County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 15,660 at the 2020 census making it the seventh most populous city in South Dakota.

Mitchell is the principal city of the Mitchell Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Davison and Hanson counties.
HMS Boadicea (1875)
HMS Boadicea was a Bacchante-class corvette launched in 1875.
She served in the Zulu War between March–June 1879, and landed some of her men to join the naval brigade serving ashore; these took part in the Battle of Gingindlovu and the Relief of Eshowe.

In 1881, she landed some of her crew to take part in the First Boer War [Naval Brigade].

Robert Falcon Scott served on her early in his career.

She was struck off the effective list at Portsmouth and classified as a hulk in March 1900.

Eshowe
Eshowe is the oldest town of European settlement in Zululand,  historically also known as Eziqwaqweni, Ekowe or kwaMondi. Eshowe's name is said to be inspired by the sound of wind blowing through the more than 4 km2 of the indigenous Dlinza Forest, the most important and striking feature of the town. Although the name is most likely to be derived from the Zulu word for the Xysmalobium shrubs, showe or shongwe.

Today Eshowe is a market town, with a 100 km radius catchment area, two shopping centres, a main bus station serving the hinterland, a major hospital, and several schools.
Rinzi Lham
Rinzi Lham (born 10 October 1967), is an archer who internationally represented Bhutan.

Lham competed for Bhutan at the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles in the individual event where she finished 44th.

Lham is the youngest Bhutanese competitor to compete at the Summer Olympics, she was 16 years and 304 days old.

Archery at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's individual
The women's individual archery event at the 1984 Summer Olympics was part of the archery programme. The event consisted of a double FITA round. For each round, the archer shot 36 arrows at each of four distances—70, 60, 50, and 30 metres. The highest score for each arrow was 10 points, giving a possible maximum of 2880 points. Seven of the top eight archers were from nations that had been absent from the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Neroli Fairhall from New Zealand, who came 35th in this event, was the first paraplegic athlete in history to compete at the Olympic Games.
Matthew Stokys
Matthew Stokys was the third recorded Registrary of the University of Cambridge.

He was born in Eton and went to school there before entering King's College, Cambridge in 1531. He graduated B.A. in 1536 and M.A. in 1539. He was a Fellow of King's from 1534 to 1548. He was Esquire Bedell from 1557 to 1585 and Registrary from 1558 until his death on 16 November 1591.

Esquire Bedell
An Esquire Bedell is a junior ceremonial officer of a university, usually with official duties relating to the conduct of ceremonies for the conferment of degrees. The word is closely related to the archaic bedel and modern English beadle.
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Portugal)
The Portuguese Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Portuguese: Túmulo do Soldado Desconhecido) is located in the Sala do Capitulo at the Monastery of Batalha, near Leiria.

It holds the bodies of two soldiers of World War I – one from the battlefields of Flanders, and one from the African theatre – who were buried there on 6 April 1921.

Leiria
Leiria (European Portuguese pronunciation: [lɐjˈɾi.ɐ] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Central Region of Portugal. It is the 2nd largest city in that same region, after Coimbra, with a municipality population of 128,640 (as of 2021) in an area of 565.09 square kilometres (218.18 sq mi). It is the seat of its own district and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leiria-Fátima. The city is part of the historical province of Beira Litoral.
Huechulafquen Lake
Huechulafquen Lake (Spanish pronunciation: [wetʃuˈlafken]) is a lake in Neuquén Province, Patagonian Argentina. This glacial lake is located in the Andean mountains in Lanín National Park some 25 kilometres from Junín de los Andes and 60 kilometres from San Martín de los Andes. It is one of Argentina's largest Andean lakes and is fed by glaciers and meltwater streams and lakes.

Neuquén Province
Neuquén (Spanish pronunciation: [newˈken]) is a province of Argentina, located in the west of the country, at the northern end of Patagonia. It borders Mendoza Province to the north, Rio Negro Province to the southeast, and Chile to the west. It also meets La Pampa Province at its northeast corner.
Azulcocha (Cusco)
Azulcocha (possibly from Quechua asul blue (a borrowing from Spanish azul), qucha lake, "blue lake") is a 5,269-metre-high (17,287 ft) mountain in the Vilcabamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, La Convención Province, on the border of the districts of Inkawasi and Vilcabamba. Azulcocha lies northwest of the Panta group. The Ranq'a Wayq'u (Rancahuayco) originates northwest of the mountain and its waters flow to the Apurímac River.

La Convención province
La Convención is the largest of thirteen provinces in the Cusco Region in the southern highlands of Peru.

As part of the higher-altitude Amazon basin at the foot of the Andes, La Convención is one of three Peruvian provinces that prominently figure in national coffee production, the other being Chanchamayo province in Junín and Jaén province in Cajamarca.
Proline 3-hydroxylase
In enzymology, a proline 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.28) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2  cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-proline, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline, succinate, and CO2.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme is also called P-3-H.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Draba serpentina
Draba serpentina is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common name serpentine draba. It is endemic to Nevada in the United States, where it occurs in the Snake Range in White Pine County and the Toiyabe Range of Lander County.

Until 2007 this taxon was treated as a variety of Draba oreibata. The two were separated because they are different in morphology, in chromosome number, and in distribution, as they grow over 480 kilometers apart.

This is a small cushion-like plant with stems 3 to 13 centimeters long. It has up to 14 white flowers in its inflorescence, each with petals 5 or 6 millimeters long.

White Pine County, Nevada
White Pine County is a largely rural, mountain county along the central eastern boundary of the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,080.  Its county seat is Ely. The name "(Rocky Mountain) white pine" is an old name for the limber pine (Pinus flexilis), a common tree in the county's mountains. The county boasts dark skies, clean air and millions of acres of unspoiled public land. It is the home of Great Basin National Park, one of America's most remote and least visited national parks. It is also home to no less than 14 federally designated wilderness areas, offering an abundance of terrain available to explore for hikers, backpackers, skiers, hunters and anglers. The Ely Shoshone Indian Reservation is located in the county, on the south side of the City of Ely. The reservation has a land area of 104.99 acres (0.4249 km2) and a 2000 census official resident population of 133 people.
Richmond–Kurrajong railway line
The Kurrajong railway line was a railway line in the distant rural western suburbs of Sydney, Australia. It was an extension of the branch off the Main Western line from Blacktown to Richmond and was operated by the New South Wales Government Railways.

New South Wales Government Railways
New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) was an agency of the Government of New South Wales which administered rail transport in the colony, and then the state, of New South Wales, Australia, between 1855 and 1932.
Tauc–Lorentz model
The Tauc–Lorentz model is a mathematical formula for the frequency dependence of the complex-valued relative permittivity, sometimes referred to as the dielectric function. The model has been used to fit the complex refractive index of amorphous semiconductor materials at frequencies greater than their optical band gap. The dispersion relation bears the names of Jan Tauc and Hendrik Lorentz, whose previous works were combined by G. E. Jellison and F. A. Modine to create the model. The model was inspired, in part, by shortcomings of the Forouhi–Bloomer model, which is aphysical due to its incorrect asymptotic behavior and non-Hermitian character. Despite the inspiration, the Tauc–Lorentz model is itself aphysical due to being non-Hermitian and non-analytic in the upper half-plane.
Further researchers have modified the model to address these shortcomings.

Analytic function
In mathematics, an analytic function is a function that is locally given by a convergent power series. There exist both real analytic functions and complex analytic functions. Functions of each type are infinitely differentiable, but complex analytic functions exhibit properties that do not generally hold for real analytic functions.

A function is analytic if and only if for every  in its domain, its Taylor series about  converges to the function in some neighborhood of ⁠⁠. This is stronger than merely being infinitely differentiable at ⁠⁠, and therefore having a well-defined Taylor series; the Fabius function is an example of a function that is infinitely differentiable but not analytic.
Výškovice
Výškovice is a part of the Ostrava-Jih city borough in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Originally it was an agricultural village. In the 1960s, a development project to build new panel apartment blocks began in that area, and in 1966, Výškovice were incorporated into Ostrava. On 24 November 1990, Výškovice merged with Dubina, Hrabůvka, Zábřeh and Bělský Les to form one of the 23 self-governing boroughs of Ostrava.

Statutory city (Czech Republic)
In the Czech Republic, a statutory city (Czech: statutární město) is a municipal corporation that has been granted city status by Act of Parliament. It is more prestigious than the simple title město ("town"), which can be awarded by the cabinet and chair of the Chamber of Deputies to a municipality which applies for it.
English ship Swiftsure (1621)
Swiftsure was a 42-gun great ship or Second rate ship of the line of the Navy Royal of the Kingdom of England, built by William Burrell (Master Shipwright of the East India Company) at Deptford Dockyard and launched in 1621. In 1625 she was commanded by Sir Samuel Argall as the flagship of Vice-Admiral Robert Devereux for the Cadiz Expedition. In 1628 she was commanded by Captain John Burley as the flagship of the Earl of Moston in the attack on La Rochelle.

Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex
Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, KB, PC (/ˈdɛvəˌruː/; 11 January 1591 – 14 September 1646) was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the 17th century. With the start of the Civil War in 1642, he became the first Captain-General and Chief Commander of the Parliamentarian army, also known as the Roundheads. However, he was unable and unwilling to score a decisive blow against the Royalist army of King Charles I. He was eventually overshadowed by the ascendancy of Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax, and resigned his commission in 1646.
Zoë Quinn
Zoë Tiberius Quinn (born 1987) is an American video game developer, programmer, and writer. Quinn developed the interactive fiction game Depression Quest, which was released in 2013. In 2014, a blog post by their ex-boyfriend sparked the online harassment campaign known as Gamergate, during which Quinn was subjected to extensive harassment including doxing, rape threats, and death threats. The following year, Quinn co-founded Crash Override, a crisis hotline and resource center for victims of online harassment.

Doxing
Doxing or doxxing is the act of publicly providing personally identifiable information about an individual or organization, usually via the Internet and without their consent. Historically, the term has been used to refer to both the aggregation of this information from public databases and social media websites (like Facebook), and the publication of previously private information obtained through criminal or otherwise fraudulent means (such as hacking and social engineering).

The aggregation and provision of previously published material is generally legal, though it may be subject to laws concerning stalking and intimidation. Doxing may be carried out for reasons such as online shaming, extortion, and vigilante aid to law enforcement.
Necklace and Calabash
Necklace and Calabash is a gong'an detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China (roughly speaking the Tang dynasty). It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee (Ti Jen-chieh or Di Renjie), a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.

The book features eight illustrations by the author.

Necklace and Calabash was the last Judge Dee novel published during van Gulik's lifetime. One more book, Poets and Murder was published after his death. Necklace and Calabash is very highly regarded of all the Judge Dee mysteries.

Gong'an fiction
Gong'an or crime-case fiction (Chinese: 公案小说) is a subgenre of Chinese crime fiction involving government magistrates who solve criminal cases. Gong'an fiction first appeared in the colloquial stories of the Song dynasty. Gong'an fiction developed into one of the most popular genres of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Judge Dee and Judge Bao stories are the best known examples of the genre.
1953 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1953.

Animal track
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area.
Battle of Limonest
The Battle of Limonest (20 March 1814) saw an army of Austrian and Hessian troops led by General der Kavallerie Prince Frederick of Hessen-Homburg attack a smaller French army under Marshal Charles-Pierre Augereau. The Coalition forces defeated the French and forced them to evacuate the city of Lyon. The battle was part of the Campaign in north-east France during the War of the Sixth Coalition.

In early 1814, the Coalition armies invaded Imperial France in greatly superior numbers. While the main Allied armies faced French Emperor Napoleon to the east of Paris, a secondary campaign was conducted near Lyon and Geneva. The small French army based on Lyon could not be ignored because it threatened the Coalition supply lines running back to Germany. Ultimately, the Allies captured Lyon, but they were compelled to divert considerable forces from the more important effort against Napoleon.

Cuirassier
A cuirassier (/ˌkwɪrəˈsɪər/ KWIRR-ə-SEER; French: [kɥiʁasje]; French for 'one wearing a cuirass') was a cavalryman equipped with a cuirass, sword, and pistols. Cuirassiers first appeared in mid-to-late 16th century Europe as a result of armoured cavalry such as men-at-arms and demi-lancers discarding their lances and adopting pistols as their primary weapon. In the later part of the 17th century, the cuirassier lost his limb armour and subsequently wore only the cuirass (breastplate and backplate), and sometimes a helmet. By this time, the sword or sabre had become his primary weapon, with pistols relegated to a secondary function.

Cuirassiers achieved increased prominence during the Napoleonic Wars and were last fielded in the opening stages of World War I (1914–1918). A number of countries continue to use cuirassiers as ceremonial troops.

The French term cuirassier means "one with a cuirass" (French: cuirasse), the breastplate armour which they wore.
Tania Díaz
Tania Valentina Díaz González (born 18 June 1963) is a Venezuelan journalist and politician. She was deputy of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) representing the Capital District and Minister of Communication and Information of Venezuela in 2010, as well as deputy and second vice-president of the National Assembly until 2016. Diaz served as the last first vice president of the 2017 National Constituent Assembly (ANC).

United Socialist Party of Venezuela
The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, PSUV, [peˈsuβ, peˈsuβe]) is a socialist political party and the ruling party of Venezuela. It was formed in 2007 from a merger of some of the political and social forces that support the Bolivarian Revolution begun by President Hugo Chávez. At the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election, PSUV lost its majority in the National Assembly for the first time since the unicameral legislature's creation in 2000 against the Democratic Unity Roundtable, winning 55 out of the National Assembly's 167 seats. In the 2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election, amid a widespread opposition boycott, they won back a supermajority of the chamber.
Gudkov
Gudkov (Russian: Гудков, from гудок meaning toot) is a Russian masculine surname, and its feminine counterpart is Gudkova. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksei Gudkov (born 1972), Russian football player

Dmitry Gudkov (born 1980), Russian politician

Dmitry Gudkov (mathematician) (1918–1992), Russian mathematician

Evgeny Gudkov (born 1978), Russian Paralympic javelin thrower

Gennady Gudkov (born 1956), Russian politician and businessman

Lev Gudkov (born 1946), Russian sociologist

Mikhail Gudkov (1983–2025), Russian major general.

Tatyana Gudkova (born 1978), Russian race walker

Tatyana Gudkova (fencer) (born 1993, Russian fencer

Gennady Gudkov
Gennady Vladimirovich Gudkov (Russian: Генна́дий Влади́мирович Гудко́в; born 15 August 1956) is a Russian politician and businessman. The Moscow Times described him in 2012 as "one of parliament's most vocal and charismatic critics" of President Vladimir Putin.
Erin Gibson
Erin Gibson is an American television showrunner, writer and actress. She co-created and hosts the podcast Throwing Shade and she created the Funny or Die production “Gay of Thrones” with Jonathan Van Ness. She has been nominated for three Primetime Emmys for Outstanding Short Form Variety Series.

She wrote a book of essays called "Feminasty: The Complicated Woman's Guide to Surviving the Patriarchy Without Drinking Herself to Death"

She was the showrunner of Tiny Toons Looniversity on Cartoon Network and currently serves as one for The Chicken Sisters on Hallmark+.

Jonathan Van Ness
Jonathan McDonald Van Ness (born March 28, 1987), also commonly referred to by his initials J.V.N., is an American hairstylist, podcast host and television personality. He is best known as the grooming expert on the Netflix series Queer Eye, for his work on the web series parody Gay of Thrones, and for hosting the Getting Curious with Jonathan Van Ness podcast. He is also known for comedy tours, the 2023 tour entitled Fun & Slutty with Jonathan Van Ness.
The Story of I
, commonly known as The Story of I, is the first solo album by Swiss keyboard player Patrick Moraz, released in April 1976. It is a concept album centering on a building which people enter and ascend to fulfill their dreams, dying when they reach the top. Because the album's title (which is also the name of the fictional building) consists of a symbol which does not appear on any standard keyboard, journalists adopted "The Story of I" as an unofficial title for the work to more easily refer to it. The album was recorded during a break from Moraz's band Yes when each member of Yes recorded a solo album. It consists of a single song which, at over 46 minutes, is the longest song recorded by Yes or any of its members to date.

Andy Newmark
Andrew Newmark (born July 14, 1950) is an American session drummer who was a member of Sly and the Family Stone and has played with George Harrison, John Lennon, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Carly Simon, Ron Wood and Roxy Music. Sly Stone, in his memoir Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin), called Newmark the best drummer he had ever worked with.
The Tanzania Girl Guides Association
The Tanzania Girl Guides Association is the national Guiding organization of Tanzania. It serves 17,233 members (as of 2003). The first Guide Company was founded in Tanganyika in 1928, and the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1963.

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.