hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anna Easter Brown
Anna Easter Brown (April 13, 1879 – March 5, 1957) was a part of the original nine group of twenty founders in Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. It was the first sorority founded by African-American women students. It has had a continuing legacy of generating social capital for over 100 years.

Brown also completed graduate work at Columbia University. As an educator at the high school level in North Carolina for nearly 42 years, she had a critical role in teaching the next generations. With her outstanding qualifications, she maintained a high academic standard. Brown also developed exhibits to teach the community about African-American history. She helped found the YWCA in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, and expanded Alpha Kappa Alpha by founding a local chapter.

Alpha Kappa Alpha
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (ΑΚΑ) is a historically African-American sorority. The sorority was founded in 1908 at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Alpha Kappa Alpha was incorporated in 1913. It is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), a group of historically Black fraternities and sororities often called the Divine Nine.

In 2025, Alpha Kappa Alpha had more than 365,000 members in 1,085 chapters in the United States and eleven other countries. Women may join through undergraduate chapters at a college or university, or graduate chapters after acquiring an undergraduate or advanced college degree.
Lindøy
Lindøy is an island in the Byfjorden in Stavanger municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 280-decare (69-acre) island lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of the centre of the city of Stavanger. It sits in an archipelago surrounded by the islands of Vassøy, Hellesøy, and Kalvøy.  All of those islands are connected to the mainland only by boat.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Cort van der Linden cabinet
The Cort van der Linden cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 29 August 1913 until 9 September 1918. The cabinet was formed by Independent Liberal Pieter Cort van der Linden after the election of 1913 and received confidence and supply in the House of Representatives from other Independent Liberals and several members of the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB), Christian Historical Union (CHU) and the Liberal Union (LU) and from 15 December 1917 also the Economic League (EL). The centre cabinet was officially a minority government in the House of Representatives but was also supported by additional members of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) for a majority. It was the last cabinet with a Liberal Prime Minister until Mark Rutte became Prime Minister 92 years later on 14 October 2010.

Cabinet of the Netherlands
The cabinet of the Netherlands (Dutch: Nederlands kabinet) is the main executive body of the Netherlands. The current cabinet of the Netherlands is the Jetten cabinet, which has been in office since 23 February 2026. It is headed by Prime Minister Rob Jetten.
RFA Fort Sandusky
RFA Fort Sandusky (A316) was an armament stores carrier of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA).

Fort Sandusky was laid down on 11 February 1944, launched on 25 November 194, and commissioned on 1 August 1945. The ship was transferred to the RFA on 13 January 1949, and decommissioned on 13 February 1972. Laid up at Rosyth, she arrived at Castellón for scrapping on 10 February 1973.

Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana or Castelló de la Plana (or simply Castellón or Castelló), is the capital city of the province of Castellón, in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is located near the eastern coastline of the Iberian Peninsula by the Mediterranean Sea. The main urban core lies some kilometres inland while the detached district of Grau was built around the port. The Desert de les Palmes mountain range rises to the north.

According to the 2018 census, Castellón has a population of 174,264 inhabitants, ranking as the fourth most populated municipality in the Valencian Community. Castellón is part of a larger metropolitan area along with the neighbouring municipalities of Villarreal, Almassora, Benicàssim, Borriol, and Borriana.  The Prime Meridian, or Greenwich Meridian, intersects the 40th parallel at Castellón de la Plana and is commemorated with a monolith in Meridian Park (Parc del Meridià) located at the exact point where this occurs.
Nahum Benari
Nahum Benari (Hebrew: נַחוּם בֶּנאֲרִי; January 3, 1893 – December 24, 1963) was an Israeli writer and an intellectual. He is known mainly for promoting many Israeli cultural initiatives, primarily in the 1940s-50s, through his position as a member of the management body of the Histadrut (abbreviation for lit. The General Federation of Laborers in the Land of Israel).

Benari was a prolific writer, who wrote on several subjects in various genres: treatises, pamphlets, plays, and more; about kibbutz and Zionist ideals and practices; about the making of ceremonies and festivals for Sabbath, holidays, and memorial days; about philosophy; and about stories and thoughts aroused by the day to day reality of the yishuv and Israel in its first years. Moreover, he translated books of other authors and edited books and journals. He was a man of creative imagination who could translate ideas and thoughts about culture and education into actions.

Treatise
A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subjects concerned with investigating or exposing the main principles of the subject and its conclusions. A monograph is a treatise on a specialized topic.
Jonathan Soros
Jonathan Tivadar Soros (born September 10, 1970) is an American investor and businessman serving as co-founder and partner of One Madison Group, a private investment firm. He previously served as chief executive officer of JS Capital Management LLC and as co-deputy chairman of Soros Fund Management.

He has been a prominent donor to Democratic and progressive political causes.  Soros started the Friends of Democracy PAC, now merged into Every Voice, to push for campaign finance reform and the abolition of the electoral college.

Democracy Alliance
The Democracy Alliance is a network of progressive megadonors who coordinate their political donations to groups that the Alliance has endorsed. Since its founding in 2005, the Democracy Alliance has given more than $1 billion to liberal organizations and political campaigns. According to The New York Times, the group "channels money from megadonors, whom the group keeps anonymous, to organizations it believes will advance a progressive agenda." It has been described by Politico as "the country's most powerful liberal donor club".

Members of the Democracy Alliance are required to contribute at least $200,000 a year to groups the Democracy Alliance vets and recommends. From its founding in 2005 through 2014, the Alliance helped distribute approximately $500 million to liberal organizations. In 2017 and 2018 alone, Democracy Alliance members increase that sum to $600 million. Prominent members of the group include billionaires George Soros and Tom Steyer.
2005 Tour de Langkawi
The 2005 Tour de Langkawi was the 10th edition of the Tour de Langkawi, a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia. It began on 28 January in Langkawi and ended on 6 February in Kuala Lumpur. The race was rated by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) as a 2.HC (hors category) race on the 2005 UCI Asia Tour calendar.

Ryan Cox of South Africa won the race, followed by José Rujano of Venezuela second and Tiaan Kannemeyer of South Africa third. Graeme Brown won the points classification category and Cox won the mountains classification category. Barloworld won the team classification category.

Ryan Cox
Ryan Rodney Cox (9 April 1979 – 1 August 2007) was a South African professional road racing cyclist. He had been cycling since 1987 and turned professional in 2000. He first joined Amore & Vita–Giubileo 2000–Beretta but changed the following year to Team Cologne which was based in Germany. He had been a member of Team Barloworld since 2003. In 2004 and 2005 he won the South African National Road Race Championships.

Cox died at a Kempton Park hospital when the main artery in his left leg burst, three weeks after a vascular lesion operation in France for a knotted artery.
Ethnogenesis
Ethnogenesis (from Ancient Greek  ἔθνος (éthnos)  'group of people, nation' and  γένεσις (génesis)  'beginning, coming into being'; pl. ethnogeneses) is the formation and development of an ethnic group. This can originate by group self-identification or by outside identification.

The term ethnogenesis was originally a mid-19th-century neologism that was later introduced into 20th-century academic anthropology. In that context, it refers to the observable phenomenon of the emergence of new social groups that are identified as having a cohesive identity, i.e., an "ethnic group" in anthropological terms. Relevant social sciences not only observe this phenomenon but also search for explanations for its causes. The term ethnogeny is also used as a variant of ethnogenesis.

Herwig Wolfram
Herwig Wolfram (born 14 February 1934) is an Austrian historian who is Professor Emeritus of Medieval History and Auxiliary Sciences of History at the University of Vienna and the former Director of the Institute of Austrian Historical Research. He is a leading member of the Vienna School of History, and internationally known for his authoritative works on the history of Austria, the Goths, and relationships between the Germanic peoples and the Roman Empire.
Leptopelis crystallinoron
Leptopelis crystallinoron is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to Gabon and only known from the area its type locality near the Barrage de Tchimbélé in the central Monts de Cristal (Crystal Mountains). Only one specimen was known until five specimens were captured in the Crystal Mountains National Park in 2009. It is probable that this species is endemic to the Monts de Cristal and that its range extends into Equatorial Guinea.

Arthroleptidae
The Arthroleptidae /ˌɑːrθroʊˈlɛptɪdiː/ are a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa. This group includes African treefrogs in the genus Leptopelis along with the terrestrial breeding squeakers Arthroleptis, and several genera restricted to the Guinean forests of central and west Africa, such as the hairy frog (Trichobatrachus).
Gauzlin II, Count of Maine
Gauzlin II (died 914) was Count of Maine from 893 to 895. He was from the Rorgonid family, the son of Gauzfrid, Count of Maine and Margrave of Neustria.

Upon his father's death in 878, he was too young to inherit his father's responsibilities, and it was a cousin, Ragenold, who became Margrave of Neustria and Count of Maine.

When Ragenold was killed by Viking raiders in 885, Henry was appointed as Margrave of Neustria and Roger became Count of Maine.

Gauzlin allied himself with the Robertians, and when Odo became King of France, he deposed Roger in 893 and appointed Gauzlin as Count of Maine. However, Gauzlin could not hold on to Maine and Roger regained control of Maine in 895.

Gauzlin continued the fight against Roger, and then against his son Hugh I. They eventually made peace and it is probable that Hugh married a daughter of Gauzlin during the peace. He died in 914.

Robertians
The Robertians (sometimes called the Robertines in modern scholarship) are a proposed Frankish noble family and royal dynasty, whose members were ancestors of the Capetian dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of France and several other countries (currently Spain and Luxembourg). Prominent Robertian ancestors of the Capetian dynasty appear in historical records as powerful nobles serving under various rulers of the Carolingian dynasty, mainly in West Francia, which later became France. Most notable of them were: the eponymous count Robert the Strong (d. 866) and his sons, West Frankish kings Odo (888–898) and Robert I (922–923), whose son – duke Hugh the Great was father to the first Capetian king Hugh Capet (987–996).
McIntire Investment Institute
The McIntire Investment Institute (MII) is an entirely student-run long/short equity fund with over $1 million in assets under management (AUM) at the University of Virginia. Founded in 1994 through an endowment established by "Tiger Cub" John Griffin of Blue Ridge Capital, this Institute operates as a non-profit under the McIntire Foundation. The McIntire Investment Institute is the premier and largest undergraduate investment club at the University of Virginia.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Erich Hagen
Erich Hagen (11 December 1936 – 22 May 1978) was a German cyclist who competed at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics. His sporting career began with SC Wissenschaft Leipzig. In 1956, he finished in 22nd place in the individual road race. His team won a bronze medal in the road race, but he did not score. In 1960, he won a silver medal in the 100 km team time trial and finished 21st in the road race.

In 1960, he won the multistage Peace Race. Nationally, he won three titles between 1956 and 1958. He won the DDR Rundfahrt in 1958. After retiring from cycling he worked as a taxi driver and died in a road crash.

Peace Race
The Peace Race (German: Friedensfahrt, Czech: Závod míru, Slovak: Preteky mieru, Russian: Велогонка Мира (Velogonka Mira), Polish: Wyścig Pokoju [ˈvɨɕt͡ɕik pɔˈkɔju], French: Course de la Paix, Italian: Corsa della Pace, Romanian: Cursa Păcii) was a cycling race that was established as the largest event in Eastern Europe after the Second World War. It ended in 2006. A competition resembling the original was reactivated in the Czech Republic in 2013.
George Bright (actor)
George Bright was an English stage actor of the seventeenth and early eighteenth century. He specialised in playing "comic dullards, fops and bouncy servants". After beginning his career in Dublin he joined the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre in 1679 and then became part of the merged United Company in 1682.

Dorset Garden Theatre
51°30′51″N 0°6′29″W﻿ / ﻿51.51417°N 0.10806°W﻿ / 51.51417; -0.10806

The Dorset Garden Theatre in London, built in 1671, was in its early years also known as the Duke of York's Theatre, or the Duke's Theatre. In 1685, King Charles II died and his brother, the Duke of York, was crowned as James II. When the Duke became King, the theatre became the Queen's Theatre in 1685, referring to James' second wife, Mary of Modena. The name remained when William III and Mary II came to the throne in 1689.

It was the fourth home of the Duke's Company, one of the two patent theatre companies in Restoration London, and after 1682 continued to be used by the company's successor, the United Company.

It was demolished in 1709.
Tim Peake
Major Timothy Nigel Peake CMG (born 7 April 1972) is a retired British European Space Agency astronaut, Army Air Corps officer and author.

He is the first British ESA astronaut, the second astronaut to bear a flag of the United Kingdom patch (following Helen Sharman), the sixth person born in the United Kingdom to go on board the International Space Station, and the seventh UK-born person in space. He began the ESA's intensive astronaut basic training course in September 2009 and graduated on 22 November 2010.

Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)
The Army Air Corps (AAC) is the aviation arm of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army. Today, there are eight regiments (seven Regular Army and one Reserve) of the AAC, as well as two independent flights and two independent squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations around the world. Regiments and flights are located in the United Kingdom, Kenya, and Canada. Some AAC squadrons provide the air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team, through Joint Aviation Command.
Treaty of Safar
The Treaty of Safar put a formal end to the extended collapse of the Hamdanid Dynasty. It was signed in December 969/January 970 between the Byzantine stratopedarches Petros and the former minister of the Hamdanids and rebel, Qarquya. Following the death of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla in 967, rebellion quickly enveloped the Hamdanids and the dynasty disintegrated into chaos and disorder. The Byzantines saw this as an opportunity to finally take control of Aleppo. Petros soon approached Aleppo, probably without orders from Constantinople, and took the city in January 970.

Hamdanid dynasty
The Hamdanid dynasty (Arabic: الحمدانيون, romanized: al-Ḥamdāniyyūn) was a Shia Muslim Arab dynasty  that ruled modern day Northern Mesopotamia and Syria (890–1004). They descended from the ancient Banu Taghlib tribe of Mesopotamia and Arabia.
St Vincent Street Church, Glasgow
St. Vincent Street Church is a Presbyterian church on St. Vincent Street in Glasgow, Scotland. It was designed by Alexander Thomson (also known as "Greek" Thomson) and built from 1857 to 1859 for the former United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Elements (probably the tower) are by Thomson's young assistant, the church architect Robert Gordon Wilson, who was a member of the UP church.

It is a Category A listed building. The church building is owned by Glasgow City Council.  From 1971 until 2021 it was used by a congregation of the Free Church of Scotland: Glasgow City Free Church. In 1998 the building was listed in the 1998 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, and again in 2004 and 2006. The Fund helped restore the tower, with support from American Express.

In October 2021, Glasgow City Free Church were forced to vacate the building due to falling plaster. It has since lain unused.

2004 World Monuments Watch
The World Monuments Watch is a flagship advocacy program of the New York–based private non-profit organization World Monuments Fund (WMF) that is dedicated to preserving the historic, artistic, and architectural heritage around the world.
Laura Linnan
Laura Linnan is the Senior Associate Dean for Academic and Student Affairs and a professor of Health Behavior at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health.  She is also the founding director at the Carolina Collaborative for Research on Work and Health (CCRWH).

She has been Associate Dean since 2016 and as such, is the chief academic officer at Gillings “overseeing the curriculum for more than 70 degree programs at the undergraduate, and graduate levels. She is also responsible for the appointments, promotion and tenure process for more than 230 Gillings faculty members on both tenure and fixed term tracks.”

UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health
The UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health is the public health school at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a public university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. It offers undergraduate and graduate degrees and is accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health.

In 2022, the institution was ranked the best public school and tied for second best school overall in the U.S. News & World Report ranking of American schools of public health. Among schools of public health, the school receives the third most funding in NIH awards.
Thomas de Bermingham
Thomas de Bermingham was an Anglo-Irish lord who died in 1375.

De Bermingham was the great-grandson of the founder of Athenry, Meyler de Bermingham, and great-great-grandson of the re-founder of Dunmore.

Little is directly recorded of his term. One of the few mentions occurs in 1373:

Mac-an-Pharson Mac Feorais [Bermingham] was slain by Turlough Roe O'Conor, with one stroke of his sword, in Conmaicne [Dunmore] (after they the Berminghams had acted treacherously towards him, as he was coming from Conmaicne Cuile), and afterwards made his escape, in despite of his enemies, by the strength of arm, but severely wounded. Andreas Mac Kenny was afterwards put to death by them the Berminghams, he having been left with them by Turlough,—when they had acted treacherously towards him,—as a hostage, in whose ransom they might demand what they pleased.

Athenry
Athenry (/æθənˈraɪ/; Irish: Baile Átha an Rí, meaning 'town of the ford of the king') is a town in County Galway, Ireland, which lies 25 kilometres (16 miles) east of Galway city. Some of the attractions of the medieval town are its town wall, Athenry Castle, its priory and its 13th-century street-plan. The town is also well known by virtue of the song "The Fields of Athenry". The town is in a townland, civil parish and barony of the same name.
Ralston Purina
Ralston Purina Company was an American conglomerate, based in St. Louis, Missouri, with substantial holdings in animal feed, food, pet food, consumer products, and entertainment. On December 12, 2001, it merged with Swiss food-giant Nestlé's Friskies division to form Nestlé Purina PetCare.

Pet food
Pet food is animal feed intended for consumption by pets. Typically sold in pet stores and supermarkets, it is usually specific to the type of animal, such as dog food or cat food. Most meat used for animals is a byproduct of the human food industry, and is not regarded as "human grade". Examples of foods for pets would be canned foods and dry mix. Pet food production has environmental, land-use and climate change impacts.

In 2019, the world pet food market was valued at US$87.09 billion and is projected to grow to US$113.2 billion by the year 2024. The pet food market is dominated by five major companies, as of 2020: Mars, Inc., Nestle Purina Petcare, J. M. Smucker, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. (owned by Colgate-Palmolive), and Blue Buffalo Co. Ltd (owned by General Mills).
Melvin J. Hinich
Melvin Jay "Mel" Hinich (April 29, 1939 – September 6, 2010)  was a professor of government and economics at the University of Texas at Austin. Hinich was also a research professor at UT's Applied Research Laboratories. Known as an expert in political science with a long record of distinction in a number of fields, he wrote seven books and published more than 200 papers in statistics/statistical theory, signal processing, economics, political science, biomedical engineering, pharmacy, and library science.

Statistical theory
The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy  the basic principles stated for these different approaches. Within a given approach, statistical theory gives ways of comparing statistical procedures; it can find the  best possible procedure within a given context for given statistical problems, or can provide guidance on the choice between alternative procedures.

Apart from philosophical considerations about how to make statistical inferences and decisions, much of statistical theory consists of mathematical statistics, and is closely linked to probability theory, to utility theory, and to optimization.