hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Jones (civil servant)
Sir James Duncan Jones, KCB (28 October 1914 – 6 September 1995) was a Scottish civil servant. Educated at the University of Glasgow and University College, Oxford, he volunteered for service in the Royal Navy in 1940. He was handpicked to enter the P division of the Admiralty (managing warship production) in 1941 and in 1944 became private secretary to the Permanent Secretary. In 1946, he entered the Ministry of Town and Country Planning, which soon merged to form the Ministry of Housing and Local Government. Promoted to deputy secretary in 1963, he moved to the Ministry of Transport in 1966 and in 1970 to the Department of the Environment, where he was Permanent Secretary from 1972 to 1975. He was Secretary to the Local Government Commission for England from 1958 to 1961.

Permanent Secretary to the Admiralty
The Permanent Secretary of the Admiralty was the permanent secretary at the Admiralty, the department of state in Great Britain and subsequently the United Kingdom responsible for the administration of the Royal Navy. He was head of the Admiralty Secretariat, later known as the Department of the Permanent Secretary.  Although he was not a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, he was as a member of the Board, and did attend all meetings. The post existed from 1702 to 1964.
1992 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events effecting Philippine television in 1992. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

Candy Candy
Candy Candy (キャンディ・キャンディ, Kyandi Kyandi) is a Japanese anime created by Japanese writer Keiko Nagita under the pen name Kyoko Mizuki. It was published as a manga in April 1975 written by Mizuki and illustrated by Yumiko Igarashi, a collaboration which was put together by the Japanese magazine Nakayoshi that was interested in recreating a "masterpiece" manga in the same vein as Heidi, Anne of Green Gables, among others. The manga series ran for four years, and won the 1st Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo in 1977. The story was adapted into an anime series by Toei Animation. There are also three animated short films.
Kinabatangan (federal constituency)
Kinabatangan is a federal constituency in Sandakan Division (Tongod District, Kinabatangan District and Beluran District), Sabah, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1971.

The federal constituency was created in the 1966 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Kinabatangan is the largest parliamentary constituency in Sabah and third largest in Malaysia overall, spanning an area of over 18,000 sq km.

Tongod District, Malaysia
The Tongod District (Malay: Daerah Tongod) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the Sandakan Division which includes the districts of Beluran, Kinabatangan, Sandakan, Telupid and Tongod. The capital of the district is in Tongod Town.
USS Sitkoh Bay
USS Sitkoh Bay (CVE-86) was the thirty-second of fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was named after Sitkoh Bay, located within Chichagof Island, of the Territory of Alaska. The ship was launched in February 1944, commissioned in March, and served as a replenishment and transport carrier throughout the Philippines campaign, the Invasion of Iwo Jima and the Battle of Okinawa. She was decommissioned in November 1946, when she was mothballed in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. With the outbreak of the Korean War, however, she was called back to service, continuing to serve as a transport and utility carrier with the Military Sealift Command until 1954, when she was once again decommissioned, and mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Ultimately, she was broken up in January 1961.

Territory of Alaska
The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.
Scarecrow (Decyfer Down album)
Scarecrow is the third studio album by Christian rock band Decyfer Down, which it was released on August 27, 2013, by Fair Trade Services record label, and it was produced by Paul Ebersold with Seth Mosley. The album has achieved positive critical attention, and has seen chart successes.

HM (magazine)
HM Magazine is a monthly, digital and print on demand publication focusing on hard rock music and alternative culture of interest to Christians. It is based in Houston, Texas. Originally published as Heaven's Metal, it was renamed to HM in 1995, and in late 2004 Heaven's Metal was reissued as a separate publication from HM, with some shared editorial overlap.
Visual hull
A visual hull is a geometric entity created by shape-from-silhouette 3D reconstruction technique introduced by A. Laurentini.

This technique assumes the foreground object in an image can be separated from the background. Under this assumption, the original image can be thresholded into a foreground/background binary image, which we call a silhouette image. The foreground mask, known as a silhouette, is the 2D projection of the corresponding 3D foreground object. Along with the camera viewing parameters, the silhouette defines a back-projected generalized cone that contains the actual object; this cone is called a silhouette cone. 
The intersection of the two silhouette cones defines a visual hull. which is a bounding geometry of the actual 3D object. When the reconstructed geometry is only used for rendering from a different viewpoint, the implicit reconstruction together with rendering can be done using graphics hardware.

Binary image
A binary image is a digital image that consists of pixels that can have one of exactly two colors, usually black and white. Each pixel is stored as a single bit — i.e. either a 0 or 1.

A binary image can be stored in memory as a bitmap: a packed array of bits. A binary image of 640 × 480 pixels has a file size of only 37.5 KiB, and most also compress well with simple run-length compression. A binary image format is often used in contexts where it is important to have a small file size for transmission or storage, or due to color limitations on displays or printers.

It also has technical and artistic applications, for example in digital image processing and pixel art. Binary images can be interpreted as subsets of the two-dimensional integer lattice ⁠⁠⁠; the field of morphological image processing was largely inspired by this view.
Cavalo (footballer)
Dienison Gomes do Carmo (born October 12, 1991), known by his nickname Cavalo, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Botafogo–DF as right back. He already played for national competitions such as Copa do Brasil and Campeonato Brasileiro Série D for Santos–AP.

He have already played in several amapá teams, such as Independente–AP, Trem, Santana and Santos–AP, being winner of Campeonato Amapaense 2011, 2015 and 2016 editions

Trem Desportivo Clube
Trem Desportivo Clube, commonly referred to as Trem, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Macapá, Amapá, founded on 1 January 1947. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Amapaense, the top flight of the Amapá state football league.

As of 2022, Trem is the fourth-best ranked team from Amapá in CBF's national club ranking, being placed 228th overall.
Gadiculus argenteus
Gadiculus argenteus, or the silvery pout, is a species of cod found in the Northeast Atlantic region. It grows to a length of 15 cm (5.9 in) and is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries, being rather used as a bait fish.

Gadiculus argenteus was until recently considered the only species in the genus Gadiculus, known as the silvery pouts, but composed of two subspecies, G. a. argentatus and G. a. thori. Currently, they are considered two separate species with different distributions: G. argenteus is  more southerly, occurring in the western Mediterranean  and in the Atlantic around the Strait of Gibraltar and to the south along the Moroccan coast, while G. thori is found from the Bay of Biscay north up to the North Cape.

Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar, also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet; 160 and 490 fathoms).

The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit.
Jimmy Dyer
James Arthur Dyer (24 August 1883 – 1971) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward.

Dyer was born in Blacker Hill in Barnsley. He played for Wombwell Town before moving to Barnsley, where he made two Football League appearances. After spells at Doncaster Rovers and Ashton Town, he moved to Manchester United but only made a single appearance.

The 1908–09 season saw a move to West Ham United of the Southern League. He made three appearances for the east London club during September 1909, before moving to Bradford Park Avenue, where he failed to make a League appearance.

Ashton Town F.C.
Ashton Town Football Club is a football club based in Ashton-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester, England. The club are currently members of the North West Counties League Division One North and play at Edge Green Street.
Fargo, Oklahoma
Fargo is a town in Ellis County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 312 at the time of the 2020 census.  Fargo, like many towns in the region, has never fully recovered from the Dust Bowl years.

Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s. The phenomenon was caused by a combination of natural factors (severe drought) and human-made factors: a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion, most notably the destruction of the natural topsoil by settlers in the region. The drought came in three waves: 1934, 1936, and 1939–1940, but some regions of the High Plains experienced drought conditions for as long as eight years. It exacerbated an already existing agricultural recession.

The Dust Bowl has been the subject of many cultural works, including John Steinbeck's 1939 novel The Grapes of Wrath; the Dust Bowl Ballads of Woody Guthrie; and Dorothea Lange's photographs depicting the conditions of migrants, particularly Migrant Mother, taken in 1936.
Imperial (board game)
Imperial is a German-style board game designed by Mac Gerdts in which the object is to accumulate wealth in the form of bond holdings in successful countries and cash. Players take on the role of international financiers who purchase government bonds in the six pre-World War I empires of Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia. The principal bondholder of a nation gains control of its government and can order importation or production of armaments and ships; maneuvering of military units; construction of factories; and taxation. During play, an investor card is passed around which allows the purchase of additional bonds. A rondel – a wheel-shaped game mechanism with eight different options – is used to determine the options available to a country. The game box states that it is for 2–6 players, but a developer-supported variant allows play with seven. Imperial 2030 is a follow-up game released in 2009 with similar mechanics.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
José Ramón López
José Ramón López (born 22 November 1950) is a Spanish sprint canoer who competed in the mid to late 1970s. He won a silver medal in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.

López also won six medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-4 1000 m: 1975), a silver (K-4 500 m: 1978), and four bronzes (K-1 4 x 500 m: 1975, K-4 500 m: 1977, K-4 1000 m: 1977, 1978).

1975 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1975 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia for the second time, having hosted them in 1971. This also equaled the most times a city had done so with Copenhagen, Denmark (1950, 1970).

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the twelfth championships in canoe sprint. It marked the first time in the championships' history in which there was tie for a medal and that happened to be for the gold in the men's K-1 1000 m event between Italy's Oreste Perri and Poland's Grzegorz Śledziewski. The second would occur thirty-five years later in the C-1 200 m (debuted 1994) for the bronze between Canada's Richard Dalton and Ukraine's Yuriy Cheban, neither of who were born in 1975.
Oluwagbemiga Ajimokunola Olofin-Adimula
Oba Oluwagbemiga Ajimokunola Olofin-Adimula (born Oluwagbemiga Ojo on October 2, 1972) is a Nigerian lawyer and traditional ruler. Since 2021, he has served as the Iralepo of Isinkan, a traditional state in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria.

His position as a monarch has been challenged by a neighboring ruler, the Deji of Akure Oba Aladetoyinbo Ogunlade Aladelusi. The case he instituted is currently in the Nigerian courts.

Birth
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the fetus at a developmental stage when it is ready to feed and breathe.

In some species, the offspring is precocial and can move around almost immediately after birth but in others, it is altricial and completely dependent on parenting.

In marsupials, the fetus is born at a very immature stage after a short gestation and develops further in its mother's womb  pouch.

It is not only mammals that give birth. Some reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates carry their developing young inside them. Some of these are ovoviviparous, with the eggs being hatched inside the mother's body, and others are viviparous, with the embryo developing inside their body, as in the case of mammals.
Ham Seok-min
Ham Seok-min (Korean: 함석민; born 14 February 1994) is a footballer who plays for Gangwon FC on loan from Suwon Bluewings. In 2013, he was called onto the South Korea national under-20 football team.

Finishing high school, he went to Soongsil University where he won the Ggoalkeeper award in 2013. Afterwards, he would head to the Korea National League. An ardent supporter of Suwon Samsung Bluewings since 2005, he revealed that 'Suwon was always the No. 1 club in his mind' after joining them.

Korea National League
The Korea National League (Korean: 내셔널리그) was a South Korean semi-professional football league held annually from 2003 to 2019. It was considered the second-highest division of the South Korean football league system before the K League 2 was launched in 2013, and the third-highest division since then.
July 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
July 19 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 21

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on August 2 by Old Calendar.

For July 20th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 7.

Abraham of Galich
Abraham of Galich (Russian: Авраамий Галичский, romanized: Avraamy Galichsky; also Chukhlomsky or Gorodetsky; died 20 July 1375) was an abbot of the Russian Orthodox Church. He was a disciple of Sergius of Radonezh, and later went on to found four monasteries on Lake Chukhloma, in the region of Galich in present-day Kostroma Oblast. His feast day is on 20 July.
Isle of Grain
Isle of Grain (Old English Greon, meaning gravel) is a village and the easternmost point of the Hoo Peninsula within the district of Medway in Kent, south-east England. Once an island and now forming part of the peninsula, the area is almost all marshland and is a major habitat for diverse wetland birds. The village constitutes a civil parish, which at the 2011 census had a population of 1,648, a net decrease of 83 people in 10 years.

Boom (navigational barrier)
A boom or a chain (also boom defence, harbour chain, river chain, chain boom, boom chain or variants) is an obstacle strung across a navigable stretch of water to control or block navigation. They are sometimes mixed with pile barrages.

In modern times they usually have civil uses, such as to prevent access to a dangerous river channel. But, especially historically, they have been used militarily, with the goal of denying access to an enemy's ships: a modern example is the anti-submarine net.

Booms have also been used to force passing vessels to pay a toll.
Materazzi
Materazzi (pronounced [mateˈrattsi]) is an Italian surname from Arezzo, Perugia and Lazio in central Italy as well as Salerno in southern Italy, either derived from a place name or originally indicating a mattress maker. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Materazzi (born 1985), Portuguese footballer, nicknamed after Marco

Giuseppe Materazzi (born 1946), Italian football player and manager, Marco's father

Marco Materazzi (born 1973), Italian football player and manager

Nicola Materazzi (1939–2022), Italian mechanical engineer

Riccardo Materazzi (born 1963), Italian middle-distance runner

Daniel Materazzi
Daniel Jorge Barbosa Ramos, known as Daniel Materazzi (born 22 March 1985) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defender for Leça FC.

A journeyman who never spent more than two senior years at the same club, he made 149 LigaPro appearances over five consecutive seasons, each with a different team. He spent most of his career in the third tier, playing over 200 times in service of six teams.
Valentine Palmer
Valentine Palmer (24 July 1935 – 10 January 2022) was a British voice coach, a singer and a television, film and theatre actor who appeared in Doctor Who, The Six Wives of Henry VIII, Minder, The Professionals, The Sweeney, Emmerdale, The Saint, Dixon of Dock Green, Crossroads. Valentine was also one of the presenters of ATV Today in 1966.

As the great nephew of Charles Lightoller, the most senior member of the crew to survive the Titanic disaster, Valentine was a Titanic expert, and authored books on the subject. He also gave media interviews on the sinking, including on Channel 5's Live with Gabby on the subject. He died on 10 January 2022, at the age of 86.

Valentine’s final project was as a producer and writer on the documentary The Session Man. In production at the time of his death, it covers the life and career of the famous rock pianist Nicky Hopkins.

The Sweeney
The Sweeney is a British police drama television series focusing on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police specialising in tackling armed robbery and violent crime in London. It stars John Thaw as Detective Inspector Jack Regan and Dennis Waterman as his partner, Detective Sergeant George Carter. It was produced by the Thames Television subsidiary Euston Films for broadcast on the ITV network in the United Kingdom from 2 January 1975 to 28 December 1978.

The programme's title comes from the Cockney rhyming slang term "Sweeney Todd", a fictitious demon barber which rhymes with "Flying Squad", shortened to "The Sweeney" and used by London's criminal fraternity in the mid 20th century to refer to the Police.

The popularity of the series in the UK led to two feature films –  Sweeney! (1977) and Sweeney 2 (1978) –  both starring Thaw and Waterman, and a later film, The Sweeney (2012), starring Ray Winstone as Regan and Ben Drew as Carter.
Subsellium
In the Ancient Rome, the subsellium (a "low bench") was a bench (Latin: scamnum) or sometimes a seat of other kind. The word was used to describe seating arranged for groups of people in Roman theaters, senators' seats in the curia, seats for tribunes of the plebs (subsellia). The latter meaning of a "judge's seat" transferred to mean the court or tribunal and is replicated in the modern en banc (from Law French "in bench" designating the central royal court at Westminster).

In the medieval churches the term was used for the misericord, a wooden ledge on the underside of a choir stall seat. When the hinged seat was put upright, the subsellium provided a modicum of support for the occupant who was otherwise supposed to be standing (thus the "mercy-seat" designation).

Bench (furniture)
A bench is a long seat on which multiple people may sit at the same time. Benches are typically made of wood, but may also be made of metal, stone, or synthetic materials. Many benches have back rests, while others do not and can be accessed from either side. Arm rests are another common feature. In many American public areas, benches may be donated by persons or associations, as indicated by an affixed plaque, a common form of memorial to a deceased person (see memorial bench). Benches may be placed outdoors or indoors, but are more often found outdoors.
1976 Norwegian Second Division
The 1976 2. divisjon was a Norway's second-tier football league season.

The league was contested by 28 teams, divided into a total of three groups; A and B (non-Northern Norwegian teams) and one district group which contained teams from Northern Norway: district IX–XI. The winners of group A and B were promoted to the 1977 1. divisjon. The second placed teams in group A and B met the winner of the district IX–XI in a qualification round where the winner was promoted to 1. divisjon. The bottom two teams inn group A and B were relegated to the 3. divisjon. The 8th placed teams in group A and B met each other in a qualification round to avoid relegation.

Moss won group A with 27 points. Vålerengen won group B with 32 points. Both teams promoted to the 1977 1. divisjon. Bodø/Glimt won the district IX–XI and won the qualification play-offs and was also promoted.

Norwegian Second Division
The Norwegian Second Division, also called 2. divisjon is the third-highest level of the Norwegian football league system.

There are 28 teams divided into two groups, and at the end of the season the winner of each group earns promotion to the second-highest division, 1. divisjon. The teams finishing in second place in their respective group will qualify for the promotion play-offs, where they will face each other. The winner will play against the 14th placed team in 1. divisjon for promotion. The bottom three teams in each group are relegated to 3. divisjon.

2. divisjon is the highest league a reserve team can participate in, and only reserve teams from the Eliteserien clubs (first tier) are allowed to enter. The participation of reserve teams stirs debate from time to time.