hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wallpaper
Wallpaper is used in interior decoration to cover the interior walls of domestic and public buildings. It is usually sold in rolls and is applied onto a wall using wallpaper paste. Wallpapers can come plain as "lining paper" to help cover uneven surfaces and minor wall defects, "textured", plain with a regular repeating pattern design, or with a single non-repeating large design carried over a set of sheets.

The smallest wallpaper rectangle that can be tiled to form the whole pattern is known as the pattern repeat. Wallpaper printing techniques include surface printing, rotogravure, screen-printing, rotary printing press, and digital printing.

Digital printing
Digital printing is a method of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other digital sources are printed using large-format and/or high-volume laser or inkjet printers.

Digital printing has a higher cost per page than more traditional offset printing methods, but this price is usually offset by avoiding the cost of all the technical steps required to make printing plates. It also allows for on-demand printing, short turnaround time, and even a modification of the image (variable data) used for each impression. The savings in labor and the ever-increasing capability of digital presses means that digital printing is reaching the point where it can match or supersede offset printing technology's ability to produce larger print runs of several thousand sheets at a low price.
William Stafford, 4th Earl of Stafford
William Stafford, 4th Earl of Stafford (21 September 1375 – 6 April 1395) was an English noble in the fourteenth century. He was the third son of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford (c. 1344 – 16 October 1386); Hugh's second son Thomas inherited the earldom in 1390. He died in 1392, still childless, and the title passed to William.  He was still a minor, however, in the wardship of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, his dead brother's father-in-law, and the Stafford estates were administered by a ' group of senior officials and lawyers.' He was still so when he died on 6 April 1395 in Pleshey, Essex of natural causes. He was interred in Tonbridge, Kent. William also dying childless, the Stafford earldom descended to the next brother, Edmund, who became the fifth earl.

Tonbridge
Tonbridge (/ˈtʌnbrɪdʒ/ TUN-brij) (historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in Kent, England, on the River Medway, 4 miles (6 km) north of Royal Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles (19 km) south west of Maidstone and 29 miles (47 km) south east of London. In the administrative borough of Tonbridge and Malling, it had an estimated population of 41,293 in 2019.
Danny Alvin
Danny Alvin (November 29, 1902 in New York City – December 6, 1958 in Chicago) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader.

Alvin was the father of guitarist Teddy Walters. He played with Sophie Tucker at the New York club Reisenweber's in 1919, then moved to Chicago in the early 1920s. He played in both cities over the course of his career, playing with Sidney Bechet, George Brunis, Buck Clayton, Wild Bill Davison, Wingy Manone, Joe Marsala, Art Hodes, Mezz Mezzrow, and George Zack. He recorded sparsely as a bandleader; his best-known issue was a 1958 album recorded for Stepheny Records.

Sidney Bechet
Sidney Joseph Bechet (May 14, 1897 – May 14, 1959) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, and first recorded several months before trumpeter Louis Armstrong. His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim. Bechet spent much of his later life in France.
Eric Bogue
Eric Bogue (born October 4, 1964) is an American politician who served in the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 28A district from 1995 to 1997 and in the South Dakota Senate from the 28th district from 1999 to 2007.

South Dakota Senate
The South Dakota Senate is the upper house of the South Dakota Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The lower house is the South Dakota House of Representatives. It consists of 35 members, one representing each legislative district, who can serve up to four consecutive two-year terms. It meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
2011 in Norwegian football
The 2011 season was the 106th season of competitive football in Norway.

The season began on 18 March 2011 for Tippeligaen, 3 April 2011 for Adeccoligaen, with 2. divisjon and 3. divisjon both starting six days later on 9 April 2011. 2. divisjon and 3. divisjon ended on 22 October 2011 while Adeccoligaen ended eight days later on 30 October 2011 and Tippeligaen finished on 27 November 2011.

Norwegian Second Division
The Norwegian Second Division, also called 2. divisjon is the third-highest level of the Norwegian football league system.

There are 28 teams divided into two groups, and at the end of the season the winner of each group earns promotion to the second-highest division, 1. divisjon. The teams finishing in second place in their respective group will qualify for the promotion play-offs, where they will face each other. The winner will play against the 14th placed team in 1. divisjon for promotion. The bottom three teams in each group are relegated to 3. divisjon.

2. divisjon is the highest league a reserve team can participate in, and only reserve teams from the Eliteserien clubs (first tier) are allowed to enter. The participation of reserve teams stirs debate from time to time.
Stone Into the River
"Stone Into the River" is a song by Dutch singer-songwriter Douwe Bob and Ardesko. The song was released in the Netherlands on 19 December 2013 as a digital download. The song was released as the third single from his debut studio album Born In a Storm (2013). The song peaked to number 78 on the Dutch Singles Chart.

Dutch Charts
Dutch Charts, GfK Dutch Charts, MegaCharts is a chart company responsible for producing a number of official charts in the Netherlands, of which the Single Top 100 and the Album Top 100 are the most known ones. It is owned by German market research company GfK, a subsidiary of NIQ.
Oriente, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Oriente is one of the 18 barrios of the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is composed of 3 subbarrios: Borinquen, López Sicardó, and San José. Before 1951, it was a barrio of the former municipality of Rio Piedras. In 2010, it had a population of 31,374. It is surrounded by the barrios of Sabana Llana Norte to the east, Sabana Llana Sur to the south, Hato Rey Central and Hato Rey Norte to the west, and Santurce barrio and the San Jose Lagoon to the north.

Laguna San José (Puerto Rico)
The San José Lagoon (Spanish: Laguna de San José) is a shallow saline lake or lagoon located between the municipalities of San Juan and Carolina in northeast of the main island of Puerto Rico. Despite being located in a highly urbanized area, this body of water is important for its mangrove forests. The Teodoro Moscoso Bridge directly connects the Luis Muñoz Marín Airport in the Isla Verde resort and residential district to the Hato Rey financial and commercial center in the main metropolitan area of Puerto Rico.
Mesotardigrada
Mesotardigrada is one of three classes of tardigrades, consisting of a single species, Thermozodium esakii. The animal reportedly has six claws of equal length at each foot. This species was described in 1937 by German zoologist Gilbert Rahm from a hot spring near Nagasaki, Japan. The inability of taxonomists to replicate Rahm's finding has cast doubt on the accuracy of the description, making T. esakii, and by extension the entire class Mesotardigrada, a taxon inquirendum.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Zatosetron
Zatosetron (LY-277,359) is a drug which acts as an antagonist at the 5HT3 receptor It is orally active and has a long duration of action, producing antinauseant effects but without stimulating the rate of gastrointestinal transport. It is also an effective anxiolytic in both animal studies and human trials, although with some side effects at higher doses.

Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (/ˌæŋksiəˈlɪtɪk, ˌæŋksioʊ-/; also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety. Anxiolytic medications are used for the treatment of anxiety disorders and their related psychological and physical symptoms.
Jim Long (baseball)
James M. Long (born November 15, 1862, in Louisville, Kentucky – December 12, 1932 in Louisville, Kentucky), was an American baseball player who played outfielder in the Major Leagues from 1891 to 1893. He played for the Baltimore Orioles and Louisville Colonels.

Louisville Colonels
The Louisville Colonels were a Major League Baseball team that played in the American Association (AA) throughout that league's ten-year existence from 1882 until 1891. They were known as the Louisville Eclipse from 1882 to 1884, and as the Louisville Colonels from 1885 to 1891; the latter name derived from the historic title of the Kentucky Colonel. After the AA folded in 1891, the Colonels joined the National League and played through the 1899 season.

"Colonels" was also the name of several minor league baseball teams that played in Louisville, Kentucky, in the 20th century.
Zhing-zhong
Zhing-zhong, or jing zhong, is a Zimbabwean slang term for inexpensive Chinese products of poor quality, sometimes used as a pejorative towards people of Chinese descent or other people of East Asian descent perceived to be Chinese, that developed in response to an influx of Chinese immigrants during an economic downturn in the 2000s. The term is potentially derived from zhèngzōng (正宗; 'authentic').

In 2005, several arrests were allegedly made for using the term under the Miscellaneous Offences Act. In 2009, members from the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions held posters that read "No to Zhing Zhong" signs to protest the economic conditions.

Following the 2017 coup, the term remains in use as the products have had staying power, but sentiments have improved since Zimbabwe joined the Belt and Road Initiative.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Houziyan Dam
The Houziyan Dam (Chinese: 猴子岩水电站) is a hydroelectric embankment dam on the Dadu River in Danba County, Sichuan province, China.

The dam is 223.5 m tall and withholds a reservoir with a normal capacity of 662 million m3. It supports a power station with a 1,700 MW capacity, distributed in 4 x 425 MW generators.

Danba County
Rongzhag (Tibetan: རོང་བྲག, ZWPY: Rongzhag Zong), also Danba (Chinese: 丹巴; pinyin: Dānbā) is a county of the eastern Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan Province, China. The county seat is the town of Chaggo.
Silvana Valente
Silvana Valente (born 24 November 1963) is an Italian paralympic cyclist who has represented Italy at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in the open tandem track events with her guide Fabrizio Di Somma. She also competed at the 1998 World Championships in Colorado Springs. She joined the Italian Paralympic committee in 2009 after other successes at mountain biking.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Tim Brodribb
Tim Brodribb FAA is an Australian researcher, evolutionary biologist, professor of plant physiology at the University of Tasmania (UTAS), and a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He specialises in plant transport and the use of water. His work has led to the discovery of new tools for assessing plants' susceptibility to drought.

His research has been cited 26,323 times, with an h-index of 82 and an i10-index of 192. His work on the global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought is his most cited work with a citation of 2,352.

Australian Academy of Science
The Australian Academy of Science is a scientific academy. It was founded in 1954 by a group of distinguished Australians, including Australian Fellows of the Royal Society of London, after its forerunner, the Australian National Research Council had been dissolved.  The Academy Secretariat is in Canberra, at the Shine Dome.
Sombhu Mitra
Sombhu Mitra (22 August 1915 – 19 May 1997) was an Indian film and stage actor, director, playwright, reciter and an Indian theatre personality, known especially for his involvement in Bengali theatre, where he is considered a pioneer. He remained associated with the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) for a few years before founding the Bohurupee theatre group in Kolkata in 1948. He is most noted for films like Dharti Ke Lal (1946), Jagte Raho (1956), and his production of Rakta Karabi based on Rabindranath Tagore's play in 1954 and Chand Baniker Pala, his most noted play as a playwright.

In 1966, the Sangeet Natak Akademi awarded him its highest award, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship for lifetime contribution, then in 1970, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour, and in 1976 the Ramon Magsaysay Award.

Sangeet Natak Akademi
Sangeet Natak Akademi (The National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama in English), in New Delhi, is the national academy for performing arts set up by the Government of India. It is an autonomous body of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
Badminton at the 1991 SEA Games
The badminton competitions at the 1991 SEA Games in Manila were held at Camp Crame Gymnasium in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The 1991 Games featured competitions in seven events (men 3 events, women 3 events, and mixed 1 event).

Camp Crame
Camp General Rafael T. Crame (Tagalog: [ˈkramɛ]) is the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police (PNP) located along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. It is situated across EDSA from Camp Aguinaldo, the national headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).  Prior to the establishment of the civilian PNP, Camp Crame was the national headquarters of the Philippine Constabulary, a gendarmerie-type military police force which was the PNP's predecessor.

Camp Crame was named after the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary, Brigadier General Rafael Crame.
Bassa Friulana
The Bassa Friulana is a low-lying and level area of Friuli, specifically the very southern part of the provinces of Pordenone, Udine and Gorizia in the north-eastern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

It is well known for its beaches (such as those of Grado, Grado Pineta, Lignano Sabbiadoro, Lignano Pineta and Lignano Riviera), and for its lagoons (such as those of Grado and Marano Lagunare). There is a unique example of industrial archaeology at Torviscosa. Palmanova is a small Renaissance town shaped as a star. Monfalcone has important shipyards.

The Roman and medieval town of Aquileia is of great historical importance. In both Roman and present times, the Bassa Friulana was a highly productive farmland, but during the twelve centuries between the two periods, this land was depopulated.

Torviscosa
Torviscosa (Friulian: Tor di Zuin, locally Il Tor) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Udine.

The municipality of Torviscosa contains the frazione (borough) of Malisana.

Torviscosa borders the following municipalities: Bagnaria Arsa, Cervignano del Friuli, Gonars, Grado, Porpetto, San Giorgio di Nogaro, Terzo d'Aquileia.
Tso-ay
Tso-ay, also known as Panayotishn or Pe-nel-tishn, today widely known by his nickname as "Peaches", (c. 1853 – December 16, 1933) was a Chiricahua, Western Apache warrior, who also served as a scout for General George Crook during the Apache Wars. Tso-ay was wounded while fighting alongside Geronimo and Chihuahua against Mexican troops, who had ambushed them after the Apache had crossed the border while being pursued by American troops.

Western Apache people
The Western Apache are an Indigenous people of North America, and a subgroup of Apache peoples. They live primarily in east central Arizona, in the United States and north of Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua.

Most live within reservations in Arizona. The Fort Apache Indian Reservation, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Yavapai-Apache Nation, Tonto Apache Reservation, and the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation are home to the majority of Western Apache and are the bases of their federally recognized tribes.

The Western Apache bands call themselves Ndee (Indé), meaning 'The People' in the Western Apache language. Because of dialectical differences, the Pinaleño/Pinal and Arivaipa/Aravaipa bands of the San Carlos Apache pronounce the word as Innee or Nnēē:.
Kamikaze Kids
The Kamikaze Kids were the Oregon Ducks men's basketball teams of 1971 to 1978. The teams were coached by Dick Harter until his departure in 1978. Harter hated the Ducks moniker and insisted that any media and public relations material refer to his teams only by the Kamikaze Kids. The Kamikaze Kids were known for their swarming defense that lead to two upsets of #1 UCLA. This era of Ducks basketball is often credited with starting the Mac Court reputation that carried on until the arena's closure in 2011. Legendary Ducks players Ernie Kent, Stu Jackson, Ron Lee, and Greg Ballard all played during the Kamikaze Kids era. Kent, who graduated in 1977, would go on to coach the Ducks from 1997 to 2010.
During the Kamikaze Kids era the Ducks had two 20 win seasons and would play in three consecutive NITs including the 1974–75 season where the Ducks made it to the NIT semifinals ultimately finishing in third place.

Stu Jackson
Stuart Wayne Jackson (born December 11, 1955) is an American basketball executive and former basketball coach. He is currently the Commissioner of the West Coast Conference since April 24, 2023 and a member of the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Committee since June 2024. Jackson has coached the New York Knicks from 1989 to 1990, and the Vancouver Grizzlies in 1997, and has also served as the Grizzlies' general manager. He is the former executive vice president of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He previously was the director of basketball operations for the Pau-based French professional club Élan Béarnais from 2021 to 2023.
Switching frequency
In electronics, switching frequency refers to the rate at which an electronic switch performs its function. Switching frequency is an important design and operating parameter in systems such as:

The Class-D amplifier, an audio power amplifier with a switched-mode output.

Various types of electric power conversion equipment:
Boost converter
Buck–boost converter
Buck converter
Chopper
Switched-mode power supply
Power inverter

Motor controls, such as Variable-frequency drives

This frequency is also used in different types of DC-DC converters like Battery Discharge Regulator, Universal Bus Regulator, Auxiliary Bus Regulator etc., switching frequency refers the switch on or off the circuit in the particular frequency

Variable-frequency drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, variable voltage variable frequency drive, VVVF drive, or drive) is a type of AC motor drive (system incorporating a motor) that controls speed and torque by varying the frequency of the input electricity. Depending on its topology, it controls the associated voltage or current variation.

VFDs are used in applications ranging from small appliances to large compressors. Systems using VFDs can be more efficient than hydraulic systems, such as in systems with pumps and damper control for fans.

Since the 1980s, power electronics technology has reduced VFD cost and size and has improved performance through advances in semiconductor switching devices, drive topologies, simulation and control techniques, and control hardware and software.

VFDs include low- and medium-voltage AC–AC and DC–AC topologies.
2024 President's Cup – Men's doubles
S D Prajwal Dev and Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha were the defending champions but only Dev chose to defend his title, partnering Nitin Kumar Sinha. They lost in the first round to Aleksandre Bakshi and Zura Tkemaladze.

Egor Agafonov and Ilia Simakin won the title after defeating Denis Istomin and Evgeny Karlovskiy 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Aleksandre Bakshi
Aleksandre Bakshi (born 23 July 1997) is a Georgian tennis player.
He has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 448 achieved on 19 May 2025. He also has a career high doubles ranking of No. 307 achieved on 23 September 2024. Bakshi has won six ITF doubles titles.

Bakshi represents Georgia at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 4–3.
Southern Pacific 4294
Southern Pacific 4294 is a AC-12 class 4-8-8-2 cab-forward–type steam locomotive that was owned and operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP). It was built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in March 1944 and was used hauling Southern Pacific Railroad's (SP) trains over the Sierra Nevada, often working on Donner Pass in California. Today it is preserved at the California State Railroad Museum (CSRM) in Sacramento, California.

Donner Pass
Donner Pass is a 7,056-foot-high (2,151 m) mountain pass in the northern Sierra Nevada, above Donner Lake and Donner Memorial State Park about 9 miles (14 km) west of Truckee, California. Like the Sierra Nevada itself, the pass has a steep approach from the east and a gradual approach from the west.

The pass has been used by the California Trail, First transcontinental railroad, Overland Route, Lincoln Highway and Victory Highway (both later U.S. Route 40 and still later Donner Pass Road), as well as indirectly by Interstate 80. The pass gets its name from the ill-fated Donner Party who overwintered there in 1846.

Today, the area is home to a thriving recreational community with several alpine lakes and ski resorts (Donner Ski Ranch, Boreal, and Sugar Bowl). The permanent communities in the area include Kingvale and Soda Springs, as well as the larger community below the pass surrounding Donner Lake.