hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cait Corrain review bombing controversy
In late 2023, aspiring fantasy author Cait Corrain created multiple fake accounts on Goodreads to review bomb other authors. Del Rey Books and agent Rebecca Podos canceled their contracts with Corrain.

Sock puppet account
A sock puppet, sock puppet account, or simply sock is a false online identity used for deceptive purposes.  The term originally referred to a hand puppet made from a sock. Sock puppets include online identities created to praise, defend, or support a person or organization, to manipulate public opinion, or to circumvent restrictions such as viewing a social media account that a user is blocked from.  Sock puppets are unwelcome in many online communities and forums.
American pickerel
The American pickerel (Esox americanus) is a medium-sized species of North American freshwater predatory fish belonging to the pike family. The genus Esox is placed in the family Esocidae (in the order Esociformes).

Two subspecies are sometimes recognised:

Redfin pickerel, sometimes called the brook pickerel, E. americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789;

Grass pickerel, E. americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846.

Lesueur originally classified the grass pickerel as E. vermiculatus, but it is now considered a subspecies of E. americanus.

There is no widely accepted English common collective name for the two E. americanus subspecies; "American pickerel" is a translation of the French systematic name brochet d'Amérique.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Department of Music, Durham University
54°46′30″N 1°34′29″W﻿ / ﻿54.775082°N 1.574678°W﻿ / 54.775082; -1.574678

The Department of Music is the music school of the University of Durham.

It is one of the leading university music departments in the UK. The Department of Music offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses, but also carries out research in musicology, analysis, music technology, music psychology, ethnomusicology, composition and performance.

William G. Whittaker
William Gillies Whittaker (Newcastle upon Tyne, July 23, 1876 – Orkney Islands, July 5, 1944) was an English composer, pedagogue, conductor, musicologist, Bach scholar, publisher and writer. He spent his life promoting music. The University of Durham, where he once studied and taught, called him one of "Britain's most influential musicians during the first half of the twentieth century". An autodidact, he was a prodigious creator of Gebrauchsmusik.
Véronyque Tremblay
Véronyque Tremblay (born January 27, 1974) is a Canadian journalist and politician. She represented the electoral district of Chauveau as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party.

Born in Saint-Ambroise, Quebec, Tremblay was a television and radio journalist for TQS, TVA, Le Canal Nouvelles and CJMF-FM, prior to becoming a politician.

Chauveau (electoral district)
Chauveau (French pronunciation: [ʃovo]) is a provincial electoral district in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada.  It includes portions of the Charlesbourg and La Haute-Saint-Charles  boroughs of Quebec City and the eastern portion of the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality.

It was created for the 1966 election from part of Québec-Comté electoral district.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it lost Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier to La Peltrie and the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier to Charlevoix–Côte-de-Beaupré.

In the change from the 2011 to the 2018 electoral map, the riding will lose some territory (roughly the area between Rivère des Roches to Rue George-Muir) to Charlesbourg.

It is named after the first Premier of Quebec, Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau who was in power from 1867 to 1873.
Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla
Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla, also known as the twin-spot plume is a moth of the Pterophoroidea family found in North Africa, Asia and Europe. It was first described by the Austrian physician and naturalist, Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1763. It is one of four similar looking moths.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Patterson Peak (Custer County, Idaho)
Patterson Peak at 10,872 feet (3,314 m) above sea level is a peak in the White Cloud Mountains of Idaho. The peak is located in Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Custer County 2.70 mi (4.35 km) west of Castle Peak, its line parent. Patterson Peak is about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) northeast of Fourth of July Peak, and it rises to the east of Fourth of July Lake. Glacier, Rock, Emerald, and Cornice lakes are in the basin to the northeast of the peak.

Glacier Lake (Custer County, Idaho)
Glacier Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  While no trails lead to the lake, it can be accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 047.

Glacier Lake is  northeast of Merriam Peak and upstream of Baker Lake, Cornice, Emerald, Quiet, Noisy, and Rock Lakes.
Rati Lines
Rati Lines, also spelled as Reti Lines, is a neighborhood located near Bath Island, in the Clifton suburb of Karachi, Pakistan.

It is a low-income neighborhood which was first inhabited by gypsies in the late 1960s and since then has been inhabited by blue-collar workers, including domestic workers, security personnel, and drivers who work in the surrounding affluent areas of Clifton. The demographics of the neighborhood consist of mostly Pashtuns.

During the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, two bombs were dropped on the Reti Lines area. The explosions caused major damage, demolishing a number of residential buildings, including houses and small makeshift dwellings.

Bath Island
Bath Island  (Urdu: باتھ آئی لینڈ) is a neighbourhood in Clifton, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

There are several ethnic groups including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras and Ismailis.
Stacey Aglok MacDonald
Stacey Aglok MacDonald is an Inuk film and television producer from Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada. She is most noted as a producer of the documentary film Twice Colonized, which was the winner of the Canadian Screen Award for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024.

Her other credits have included the films Throat Song, The Grizzlies and Slash/Back, and the television series Qanurli and North of North.

She is a partner with Alethea Arnaquq-Baril in the production firm Red Marrow Media.

In 2021, her sister, Emerald MacDonald, who portrayed Miranda Atatahak in The Grizzlies, was murdered.

Twice Colonized
Twice Colonized is a documentary film, directed by Lin Alluna and released in 2023. The film is a co-production of companies from Canada, Denmark and Greenland, and profiles Aaju Peter, an Inuk lawyer and activist who has lived in both Greenland and Nunavut, documenting both her activism for Inuit rights and her personal struggles.

The film premiered in January 2023 at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival. It had its Danish premiere in March as the opening film of the 2023 CPH:DOX film festival, and its Canadian premiere in April as the opening film of the 2023 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.

At the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024, the film won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Feature Length Documentary, and Alary and Malfatti were nominated for Best Original Music in a Documentary.

The film was broadcast by CBC Television on September 13, 2023, as the season premiere of the documentary series The Passionate Eye.
ASZdziennik
ASZdziennik is a Polish entertainment and satirical website, publishing articles in the form of fake news, founded by Rafał Madajczak in 2011. Since 2014 it is part of NaTemat.pl group. It parodies conventional, Internet news websites. It discusses a wide range of topics, from politics, through social issues, to culture. In January 2017 it was visited by 1.25 million unique users.

NaTemat.pl
NaTemat.pl (lit. OnTopic) is a Polish language website created by Tomasz Lis on 22 February 2012.  It includes a wide variety of content including latest events, politics, lifestyle, culture, social issues and economic and sports information.
Teatro O Tablado
Teatro O Tablado is a theatre in Rio de Janeiro, established in 1951 by Maria Clara Machado.  Actors who have appeared here include Drica Moraes, Malu Mader, Ernesto Piccolo, Andréa Beltrão, Catarina Abdala, Louise Cardoso, Miguel Falabella, Luiz Carlos Tourinho, Felipe Camargo, Nizo Neto, Anna Cotrim, Jandir Ferrari, Marcello Novaes, Leonardo Bricio, Sergio Kato, Luisa Thiré, Debora Lamm, Cláudia Abreu, Sílvia Buarque, Bia Nunnes, Guilherme Fontes, Hamilton Vaz Pereira, Ricky Tavares and Eduardo Sterblitch.

Miguel Falabella
Miguel Falabella (born October 10, 1955, Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actor, presenter, screenwriter, voice actor, film maker, theater actor, producer, writer and director. He is known, among many other works, for playing Caco Antibes in the sitcom Sai de Baixo and for presenting Video Show for over 15 years. He was a carnival performer for the Império da Tijuca and Rocinha samba schools. His family has Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, Austrian, German and Swiss ancestry. He is father of two sons, Cassiano and Theo.
Murielle (given name)
Murielle is a feminine given name. People with the name include:

Murielle Ahouré (born 1987), Ivorian sprinter

Murielle Celimene, a representative of Martinique at Miss Earth 2004

Murielle Magellan (born 1967), French writer and theater director

Murielle Adrienne Orais, a model, environmentalist, nurse, and beauty queen from the Philippines

Murielle Telio, American actress

Miss Philippines Earth 2011
Miss Philippines Earth 2011 was the 11th Miss Philippines Earth pageant, held at the Puerto Princesa Coliseum in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines, on June 5, 2011.

At the end of the event, Kris Psyche Resus of Infanta, Quezon crowned Athena Imperial of Casiguran, Aurora as her successor. Imperial represented the Philippines at Miss Earth 2011, and won Miss Earth Water 2011.

The pageant had aligned itself with the "International Year of the Forests" as it centered this year's pageant edition with the promotion of forests conservation.
Michael Phelan (hurler)
Michael Phelan (born 3 August 1967) is an Irish hurling manager and former player. At club level he played with Glenmore and was also a member of the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lined out at midfield.

1993 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1993 was the 107th staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Kilkenny won the championship, beating Galway 2–17 to 1–15 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.
Union Internacional Manila F.C.
The Union Internacional Manila (UIM) Football Club, also known as Union Inter-Manila Football Club, or simply Inter Manila, was a Filipino professional football club based in Manila. It was established in 1996 as a recreational football club associated with Spanish firm Unión Fenosa. The club played at the United Football League (UFL).

2010 United Football League
The 2010 United Football League (known as the LBC United Football League for sponsorship reasons) was the first season of the United Football League. After the success of UFL Cup, the clubs that would comprise the Division 1 and Division 2 was set. The season began on 24 January 2010.

The Philippine Air Force won the first season league title in the Division 1.

Global was successfully promoted to 2011 United Football League (Philippines) Division 1 after topping the second division with an unbeaten record.
Borrona Downs Station
Borrona Downs Station is a cattle station near White Cliffs in far western New South Wales, Australia. It is about halfway between Milparinka, around 100 km to the West, and Wanaaring, around 100 km to the East, as the crow flies.

The Borrona Downs Station airstrip is at 29°45'4"S 143°6'4"E, on Bloodwood Creek east of the Pindera Downs Aboriginal Area, about 890 km west-northwest of Sydney, 160 km north of White Cliffs and 140 km east of Tibooburra, New South Wales.

Borrona Downs is about 120m above sea level. For many years the station has been operated by the Taylor family.

Milparinka, New South Wales
Milparinka is a small settlement in north-west New South Wales, Australia, about 250 kilometres (155 mi) north of Broken Hill on the Silver City Highway. At the time of the 2021 census, Milparinka had a population of 67 people. Milparinka is on Evelyn Creek.

Summer temperatures can reach 48 °C (118 °F).
Langford-Highlands
Langford-Highlands is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. Created under the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution, the riding was first contested in the 2024 British Columbia general election. It was mostly created out of Langford-Juan de Fuca plus a small part of Esquimalt-Metchosin.

Esquimalt-Metchosin
Esquimalt-Metchosin is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. It existed with this name from 1991 to 2009, and again from 2017 to 2024. In the gap, the overlapping electoral district was called Esquimalt-Royal Roads. The "Royal Roads" in the district's name references the maritime passage that connects the Harbour to the sea and is the namesake of Royal Roads Military College.

The riding was reconfigured and brought back in the 2015 electoral redistribution and was contested again in the 2017 election. The 2021 redistribution that took effect for the 2024 election significantly altered electoral boundaries in the western communities: Metchosin was transferred to the new district of Juan de Fuca-Malahat while the balance of the district's territory was joined to Victoria West to form Esquimalt-Colwood.
The Original Sin (album)
The Original Sin is an album by Cowboys International, from the British post-punk new wave era. The band's lone album made Melody Maker's Top 20 poll in 1979 and received rave reviews from Rolling Stone magazine.

Keith Levene
Julian Keith Levene (18 July 1957 – 11 November 2022) was an English musician who was a founding member of both the Clash and Public Image Ltd (PiL). While Levene was in PiL, their 1978 debut album Public Image: First Issue reached No. 22 on the UK album charts, and its lead track "Public Image" broke the top 10 UK singles chart.

Levene was born and raised in London, and although initially influenced by progressive rock, his musical taste changed after meeting fellow Clash founder Mick Jones. His punk and post-punk guitar sounds have been described as "both melodic and discordant, sonorous and violent".
Arcadia, Gulf Coast and Lakeland Railroad
The Arcadia, Gulf Coast and Lakeland Railroad Company was owned by George B. Morton, Anthony Peters and Woodward Emery. It was incorporated under Florida state law chapter FOO, approved May 21, 1891, "for the purpose of constructing, maintaining and operating a railroad from a point on or near Gasparilla Island, in the county of Lee, via the town of Arcadia, in the county of DeSoto, to Plant City, in the county of Hillsborough, and to the city of Lakeland, in the county of Polk, with such extensions and branches as they may deem necessary". The railroad was promised land grants along its line.  The company managed to operate a short 9-mile stretch of track between Bradenton and Sarasota.

Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton (/ˈbreɪdəntən/ ⓘ BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 55,698 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Downtown Bradenton is along the Manatee River and includes the Bradenton Riverwalk and Bishop Museum of Science and Nature. To the south of Bradenton is Sarasota; beach communities on Anna Maria Island are to its west, and the Manatee River and Palmetto are to its north.
David Shreeve (priest)
Christianity portal

David Herbert Shreeve  (18 January 1934 – 4 December 2021) was Archdeacon of Bradford from 1984 until 1999.

Shreeve was educated at Southfield Grammar School and St Peter's College, Oxford, and trained for ordination at Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained deacon in 1959 and priest in 1960, and began his ministry with a curacy at St Andrew's, Plymouth. Following this he was Vicar of St Anne's, Bermondsey, and then Vicar of St Luke's, Eccleshill and Rural Dean of Calverley until his appointment to the senior leadership team of the Diocese of Bradford.

He died in 2021.

St Peter's College, Oxford
St Peter's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Located on New Inn Hall Street, Oxford, United Kingdom, it occupies the site of two of the university's medieval halls dating back to at least the 14th century. The modern college was founded by Francis James Chavasse, former Bishop of Liverpool, opened as St Peter's Hall in 1929, and achieved full collegiate status as St Peter's College in 1961. Founded as a men's college, it has been coeducational since 1979.

As of 2023, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £52.8 million.
Digital goods
Digital goods or e-goods are intangible goods that exist in digital form. Examples are Wikipedia articles; digital media, such as e-books, downloadable music, internet radio, internet television and streaming media; fonts, logos, photos and graphics; digital subscriptions; online ads (as purchased by the advertiser); internet coupons; electronic tickets; electronically treated documentation in many different fields; downloadable software (Digital Distribution) and mobile apps; cloud-based applications and online games; virtual goods used within the virtual economies of online games and communities; community access; workbooks; worksheets; planners; e-learning (online courses); webinars, video tutorials, blog posts; cards; patterns; website themes and templates.

Web conferencing
Web conferencing is used as an umbrella term for various types of online conferencing and collaborative services including webinars (web seminars), webcasts, and web meetings. Sometimes it may be used also in the more narrow sense of the peer-level web meeting context, in an attempt to disambiguate it from the other types known as collaborative sessions.

In general, web conferencing is made possible by Internet technologies, particularly on TCP/IP connections. Services may allow real-time point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers. It offers data streams of text-based messages, voice and video chat to be shared simultaneously, across geographically dispersed locations. Applications for web conferencing include meetings, training events, lectures, or presentations from a web-connected computer to other web-connected computers.
Senate of Liberia
The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislative branch of Liberia, and together with the House of Representatives comprises the Legislature of Liberia. Each of the fifteen counties are equally represented by two senators, elected to serve staggered nine-year terms. The Senate meets at the Capitol Building in Monrovia.

The Senate is largely modeled on the United States Senate. The Constitution vests the legislative power of Liberia in both the Senate and the House, which must both concur on a bill prior to it being sent to the president. In addition, the Senate possesses several exclusive powers under the Constitution, including the power to advise and consent to the president's appointments to both the executive and judicial branches and the duty to try all public officials impeached by the House of Representatives.

Staggered elections
Staggered elections are elections where only some of the places in an elected body are up for election at the same time. For example, United States senators have a six-year term, but they are not all elected at the same time. Rather, elections are held every two years for one-third of Senate seats.

Staggered elections have the effect of limiting control of a representative body by the body being represented, but can also minimize the impact of cumulative voting. Many companies use staggered elections as a tool to prevent takeover attempts. Some legislative bodies (most commonly upper houses) use staggered elections, as do some public bodies, such as the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
25CN-NBOH
25CN-NBOH, also known as NBOH-2C-CN or as N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-cyano-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and 25-NB (NBOH) families. It was developed and described in 2011 at the University of Copenhagen.

The drug is one of the most selective agonists of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor known. However, findings on its selectivity have varied, with some studies finding as little as 10-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor over the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor. A much more selective derivative of 25CN-NBOH, TGF-8027, has since been described.

A tritiated version of 25CN-NBOH has also been developed and used for more detailed investigations of the binding to serotonin 5-HT2 receptors and autoradiography. In 2025, 25CN-NBOH was suggested as a possible alternative and replacement of DOI for use in scientific research.

5-HT2 receptor
The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT2 subfamily consists of three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are coupled to Gq/G11 and mediate excitatory neurotransmission, including 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. For more information, please see the respective main articles of the individual subtypes:

5-HT2A receptor

5-HT2B receptor

5-HT2C receptor
Paul Block
Paul Block (November 2, 1875 – June 22, 1941) was president of Paul Block and Associates (later Block Communications) and publisher of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, The Toledo Blade, and a dozen other newspapers.

Duluth News Tribune
The Duluth News Tribune (known locally as The Tribune or DNT) is a newspaper based in Duluth, Minnesota. While circulation is heaviest in the Twin Ports metropolitan area, delivery extends into northeastern Minnesota, northwestern Wisconsin, and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The paper has a limited distribution in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The News Tribune has been owned by Forum Communications since 2006.