hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Observatory Ridge, Johannesburg
Observatory Ridge is the highest point in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is 1,808 metres (5,932 ft) above sea level. It is in the suburb of Observatory.

There is a large sandstone monument on top of the ridge that commemorates the British Indian Army. The monument bears the inscription: "To the memory of British Officers, Natives, NCOs and Men, Veterinary Assistants, Nalbands, and Followers of the Indian Army".

Farrier
A farrier is a specialist in equine hoof care, including the trimming and balancing of horses' hooves and the placing of shoes on their hooves, if necessary.  A farrier combines some blacksmith's skills (fabricating, adapting, and adjusting metal shoes) with some veterinarian's skills (knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the lower limb) to care for horses' feet. Traditionally an occupation for men, in a number of countries women have now become farriers.
Names of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා, romanized: Śrī Lankā; Tamil: சிறி லங்கா / இலங்கை, romanized: Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in the northern Indian Ocean which has been known under various names over time.

At the outset of the 6th century BC, Sri Lanka was known as Silam, from the Pali Sihalam (or Simhalam, Sihalan, Sihala); became Saylan from the 9th century,  which was transcribed as Ceilão by the Portuguese in 1505; and later as Ceylon in English. Ceylon was used until it was replaced by Sri Lanka in 1972; the honorific Sri has been added to Lanka, a place mentioned in ancient texts and assumed to refer to the country between the 10th and the 12th centuries CE.

Other ancient names used to refer to Sri Lanka included Serendip in Arabic, Persian, Turkic (Serendib/Särändib)(written as: سرندیپ) and Eelam in Tamil. In the 19th century, it was said that the oldest recorded name of Sri Lanka was Tamraparni. (= Taprobane).

Robert Caldwell
Robert Caldwell (7 May 1814 – 28 August 1891) was a British missionary and linguist.

A missionary for the London Missionary Society, he arrived in British India at age 24, and studied the local language to spread the word of the Bible in a vernacular language, studies that led him to author a text on comparative grammar of the South Indian languages. In his book, Caldwell proposed that there are Dravidian words in the Hebrew of the Old Testament, the archaic Greek language, and the places named by Ptolemy.

Caldwell married Eliza Mault, the daughter of another missionary Rev. Charles Mault posted in India. He served as assistant bishop of Tirunelveli from 1877.

The Government of Tamil Nadu has created a memorial in his honor and a postage stamp has been issued in his name. A statue of Caldwell was erected in 1967 near to Marina Beach, Chennai, as a gift of the Church of South India.
Steve Gajkowski
Stephen Robert Gajkowski (born December 30, 1969) is a retired Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher. He played during one season at the major league level for the Seattle Mariners. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 18th round of the 1990 MLB draft out of Bellevue Community College. Gajkowski played his first professional season with the Rookie-level Burlington Indians that summer. Cleveland released him in spring training in 1992, and he signed with the Chicago White Sox. He progressed to Triple-A in 1996, and signed with the Mariners that offseason. After another full season in Triple-A, he made his MLB debut on May 25. In 9 relief appearances, he no decisions and a 7.27 ERA in 8+2⁄3 innings. He became a free agent after the season and signed with the Chicago Cubs but did not return to the majors. He played his last minor league season with the Oakland Athletics' Double-A Midland RockHounds and Triple-A Sacramento River Cats in 2000.

Midland RockHounds
The Midland RockHounds are a Minor League Baseball team based in Midland, Texas. The team, which plays in the Texas League, is the Double-A affiliate of the Athletics major league club. The RockHounds play in Momentum Bank Ballpark, which opened in 2002 and seats 4,709 fans. They have won seven Texas League championships: in 1975 (co-champions with the Lafayette Drillers), 2005, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017.
Călinești-Oaș
Călinești-Oaș (Romanian pronunciation: [kəliˌneʃtʲ ˈo̯aʃ]; Hungarian: Kányaháza, Hungarian pronunciation: [kaːniɒhaːzɒ]) is a commune in Satu Mare County, north-western Romania, with a population of 5,117 as of 2021. Part of the region of Maramureș, it is composed of four villages: Călinești-Oaș, Coca (Kakáktelep), Lechința (Avaslekence), and Pășunea Mare (Nagylegelő).

Situated on the western side of the Oaș Country Depression at a distance of 46 kilometres (29 mi) from the county capital Satu Mare, Călinești borders Gherța Mică commune to the north, to the south Prilog-Vii village and Livada city, to the east Boinești village and to the west Turulung commune, which represents the boundary of the Oaș Country.

Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County (Romanian: Județul Satu Mare, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare], Hungarian: Szatmár megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.
2015 Dutch TT
The 2015 Dutch TT was the eighth round of the 2015 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It was held at the TT Circuit Assen in Assen on 27 June 2015.

In the premier class, Valentino Rossi took his first pole position since the 2014 Valencian Grand Prix. In the race, Rossi fought hard with Marc Márquez; on the final lap, the two riders made contact at the final chicane, causing Rossi to go across the gravel trap. He was able to rejoin the track and claimed his third victory of the season, and a record seventh premier class victory at Assen. Rossi finished ahead of Márquez, while teammate Jorge Lorenzo completed the podium; Rossi extended his championship lead to 10 points as a result. Suzuki's Aleix Espargaró qualified second on the grid, but he dropped to ninth place in the race. Five riders retired from the race – Jack Miller collided with Héctor Barberá, while Stefan Bradl, Eugene Laverty and Alex de Angelis all crashed out.

Aleix Espargaró
Aleix Espargaró Villà (Catalan pronunciation: [əˈleʃ əspəɾɣəˈɾo βiˈʎa]; born 30 July 1989) is a Former Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He was the Spanish 2004 FIM CEV 125cc International Champion and has competed since 2017 in the MotoGP class using Aprilia machines. He retired from Grand Prix racing at the end of the 2024 season and signed as a test rider for Honda Racing Corporation. He decided to become a cyclist with the United States team, Lidl-Trek, making his debut in the world of cycling at the 2025 Tour of Austria.
Torricado
Torricado is a culinary specialty from the Ribatejo region of Portugal, consisting of pieces of bread toasted over charcoal, soaked in olive oil and brushed with garlic and salt. It is served mainly as a side dish to grilled salt cod, but also to sardines and pork. The dish is common both to the Tagus riverside plains and the hill rugged area of the vineyards, mainly in the area of Almeirim, Azambuja, Cartaxo and Santarém municipalities.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Maki Pitolo
Maki Ikaika Maleko Pitolo (born November 24, 1990) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Middleweight division. A professional mixed martial artist since 2013, Pitolo has also competed for the Ultimate Fighting Championship and Bellator MMA.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Crataerina melbae
Crataerina melbae is a species of biting fly in the family of louse flies Hippoboscidae. Its hosts are swift species including the Alpine, Pacific, Common and mottled swifts.

Crataerina melbae was shown to contain symbiotic bacterium Sodalis.

Alpine swift
The alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba) is a species of swift found in Africa, southern Europe, and Asia. They breed in mountains from southern Europe to the Himalayas. Like common swifts, they are migratory; the southern European population winters further south in southern Africa. They have very short legs which are used for clinging to vertical surfaces. Like most swifts, they never settle voluntarily on the ground, spending most of their lives in the air living on the insects they catch in their beaks.
Mahadeva Rural Municipality
Mahadeva is a rural municipality formerly, village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. It is located on the eastern side of the district headquarter Rajbiraj. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,187 people living in 1,135 individual households.

Sagarmatha Zone
Sagarmāthā Zone (Nepali: सगरमाथा अञ्चल, [sʌgʌrmatʰa ʌnt͡sʌl] ⓘ "Sagarmāthā Anchal") was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones into provinces. The headquarters of Sagarmatha is Rajbiraj. Sagarmāthā is a Nepali word which as per some sources, is derived from सगर ("sagar", sky) and माथा ("māthā", head).

It includes mountain districts of the Himalayas (including the world's highest peak Mount Everest) in the north, hill districts in the center, and valley districts of the Terai in the south. It is bordered by China to the north, India to the south, the Kosi Zone to the east and the Janakpur Zone to the west.
Sankopara railway station
Sankopara railway station is a halt railway station on the Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop of Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside State Highway 5 at Arjunpur, Sankopara, of Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
James Alex Baggett
James Alex Baggett (born February 2, 1932) is an American historian, author, and former university dean. He worked at Union University and wrote a book about it.

In 2003 his talk on his book about "Scalawags" was aired on C-Span. He discussed the book at the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library. He has written several entries for the Texas State Historical Association's Handbook.

He is married to Lillian Faulkner Baggett, a fellow educator and author.

William Harris Bragg described his book on "Scalawags" as "detailed, balanced, and convincing." Michael Perman called it groundbreaking. Union University holds an annual history research paper competition in his honor.

Michael Perman
Michael Perman (died July 24, 2020) was a history professor and author in the United States. He was a professor emeritus and served as chairman of the history department at the University of Illinois at Chicago. According to his Bio, Perman received his B.A. at Oxford University and his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1979 and 1980 and was appointed the John Adams Distinguished Professor in American History at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2002 and 2003.
Asao-ku, Kawasaki
Asao-ku (麻生区) is one of the seven wards of the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 167,792 and a density of 7,210 persons per km2. The total area was 23.28 km2.

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
Bruno Åvik
Bruno Valdemar Åvik (born 14 November 1940) is a retired Swedish cross-country skier. He competed in the 30 km event at the 1968 Winter Olympics and finished in 20th place. Åvik was born in Finland, but in 1959 moved to Sweden and became a Swedish citizen in 1966.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Popowo, Międzyrzecz County
Popowo [pɔˈpɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bledzew, within Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.

Popowo was a private church village, administratively located in the Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.

Międzyrzecz County
Międzyrzecz County (Polish: Powiat międzyrzecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Międzyrzecz, which lies 48 km (30 mi) south-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski and 68 km (42 mi) north of Zielona Góra. The county also contains the towns of Skwierzyna, lying 19 km (12 mi) north of Międzyrzecz, and Trzciel, 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Międzyrzecz.

The county covers an area of 1,387.61 square kilometres (535.76 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 57,851, out of which the population of Międzyrzecz is 17,994, that of Skwierzyna is 9,671, that of Trzciel is 2,391, and the rural population is 27,795.
Buidhe Bheinn
Buidhe Bheinn (886 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It lies between Glen Shiel and Loch Hourn.

A rugged mountain, it can either be climbed from the Kinloch Hourn side or from Kintail to the north. Due to its remoteness, the peak makes for a long excursion in either direction.

Kinloch Hourn
Kinloch Hourn is a small settlement at the end of Loch Hourn, in the West Highlands of Scotland. The name comes from the Gaelic, Ceann Loch Shubhairne, for "the head of Loch Hourn". Kinloch Hourn is at the end of 35 km (22 miles) of single-track road, which runs west from a junction with the A87 beside Loch Garry.

From Kinloch Hourn, a path continues along the south side of the loch to Barrisdale. The path then climbs over Màm Barrisdale, before dropping down to the village of Inverie in Knoydart. This route once had a number of townships along it, and may have been used as a coffin road. This is also used as a walking route into the mountains of Knoydart, including Ladhar Bheinn and Luinne Bheinn.

To the north of Loch Hourn is the route of an old drove road, which ran between Kinloch Hourn to Glenelg. Cattle from Skye were driven  across Kyle Rhea to Glenelg, along this route to Kinloch Hourn, then onwards down Glen Garry.
Wendover railway station
Wendover railway station serves the town of Wendover in Buckinghamshire, England, and villages including Ellesborough and Wendover Dean. The station is on the London Marylebone – Aylesbury line and is served by Chiltern Railways trains. It is between Great Missenden and Stoke Mandeville stations.

Ellesborough
Ellesborough is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. The village is at the foot of the Chiltern Hills just to the south of the Vale of Aylesbury, two miles (three kilometres) from Wendover and five miles (eight kilometres) from Aylesbury. It lies between Wendover and the village of Little Kimble.

The civil parish includes the hamlets of Butlers Cross, Chalkshire, Dunsmore, North Lee and Terrick, and had a population of 820 at the 2011 Census, an increase from 811 at the 2001 Census.

Close to Ellesborough is the Prime Minister's country residence Chequers.
Rollkommando Hamann
Rollkommando Hamann (Lithuanian: skrajojantis būrys) was a small mobile unit that committed mass murders of Lithuanian Jews in the countryside in July–October 1941, with an estimated death toll of at least 60,000 Jews. The unit was also responsible for many murders in Latvia from July through August 1941. At the end of 1941 the destruction of Lithuanian Jewry was effectively accomplished by Hamann's unit in the countryside, by the Ypatingasis būrys in the Ponary massacre, and by the Tautinio Darbo Apsaugos Batalionas (TDA) in the Ninth Fort in Kaunas. In about six months an estimated 80% of all Lithuanian Jews were killed. The remaining few were spared for use as a labor force and concentrated in urban ghettos, mainly the Vilna and Kaunas Ghettos.

Ninth Fort
The Ninth Fort (Lithuanian: Devintas Fortas) is a stronghold in the northern part of Šilainiai elderate, Kaunas, Lithuania. It is a part of the Kaunas Fortress, built in the late 19th century. During the Soviet occupation, the fort was used as a prison and way-station for prisoners being transported to labour camps. After the occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany, the fort was used as a place of execution for Jews, captured Soviets, and others.
Jean Sainte-Fare Garnot
Jean Sainte-Fare Garnot (26 July 1908 – 20 June 1963) was a French Egyptologist. He was director of the Institut français d'archéologie orientale from 1953 to 1959, professor in Sorbonne, director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études, president of the French society of Egyptology and correspondent of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

He was the father of Nicolas Sainte-Fare Garnot, curator of the Musée Jacquemart-André from 1993 till 2015, and the grandfather of Florent Sainte-Fare Garnot, mayor of Nevers from 2010 till 2014.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
2024 Filoil EcoOil Preseason Cup
The 2024 Filoil EcoOil Preseason Cup, officially referred to as the 17th Filoil EcoOil ECJ Preseason Cup, was the seventeenth edition of the collegiate basketball tournament organized by Filoil EcoOil Sports. The tournament began on May 11, 2024 and is contested by all 18 teams from the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The tournament concluded on June 12, 2024. All games are held at the Filoil EcoOil Centre in San Juan.

On May 10, 2024, Filoil EcoOil Sports announced that the 17th Preseason Cup would be named after late sports patron Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. The trophy in which the eventual champions will receive is also renamed as the ECJ Cup.

The UP Fighting Maroons enter this tournament as the defending Preseason Cup champions. UP would then go on in successfully defend their title in the championship game after defeating the De La Salle Green Archers in a 69–66 come-from-behind win.

San Juan, Metro Manila
San Juan, officially the City of San Juan (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Juan), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 134,312 people. It is located in Metro Manila's approximate geographical center, and is the country's smallest city by land area.

The city is known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such as the Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other locations include Greenhills and Santolan Town Plaza, making the city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique, and bargain retail.
Songs for Distingué Lovers
Songs for Distingué Lovers is an album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, released in 1958 on Verve Records. It was originally available in both mono (catalogue number MGV 8257) and stereo (catalog number MGVS 6021). It was recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles from January 3 to January 9, 1957, and produced by Norman Granz.

Norman Granz
Norman Granz (August 6, 1918 – November 22, 2001) was an American jazz record producer and concert promoter. He founded the record labels Clef, Norgran, Down Home, Verve, and Pablo and the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert series. Granz was acknowledged as "the most successful impresario in the history of jazz". He was also a champion of racial equality, insisting, for example, on integrating audiences at concerts he promoted.