hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
C-minimal theory
In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, a C-minimal theory is a theory that is  "minimal" with respect to a ternary relation C with certain properties. Algebraically closed fields with a (Krull) valuation are perhaps the most important example.

This notion was defined in analogy to the o-minimal theories, which are "minimal" (in the same sense) with respect to a linear order.

Dugald Macpherson
H. Dugald Macpherson is a mathematician and logician. He is a professor of pure mathematics at the University of Leeds.

He obtained his DPhil from the University of Oxford in 1983 for his thesis Enumeration of Orbits of Infinite Permutation Groups under the supervision of Peter Cameron. In 1997, he was awarded the Junior Berwick Prize by the London Mathematical Society. He continues to research into permutation groups and model theory. He is scientist in charge of the MODNET team at the University of Leeds. He co-authored the book Notes on Infinite Permutation Groups.
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's time trial C4–5
The men's time trial class C4-5 track cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 26 August 2021 at the Izu Velodrome, Japan. This combine class (C4-5) under classification C is for cyclists who have impairments that affect their legs, arms, and/or trunk but are still capable to use a standard bicycle. 21 cyclists from 15 nations competed in this event.

Para-cycling classification
Para-cycling classification is the process of classifying participants in para-cycling covering four functional disability types.  The classification system includes classes for handcycles for people who have lower limb mobility issues. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
Patrick Kennedy (Canadian politician)
Patrick Kennedy (1832 – June 30, 1895) was an Irish-born contractor and political figure in Quebec. He represented Montréal division no. 6 in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1892 to 1895 as a Conservative.

He was born in Trasersten, County Tipperary, the son of Edward Kennedy. He was a carter and general contractor. In 1861, he married Elizabeth Tracey. Kennedy served on Montreal city council from 1877 to 1883 and from 1887 to 1894. He was president of the Montreal police commission from 1882 to 1883. Kennedy died in office in Montreal at the age of 63 and was buried in the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery.

Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery (French: Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges, pronounced [simtjɛʁ nɔtʁə dam de nɛʒ]) is a 139-hectare (340-acre) rural cemetery located in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, which was founded in 1854. The entrance and the grounds run along a part of Côte-des-Neiges Road and up the slopes of Mount Royal. Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Canada by number of burials and the third-largest in North America.
Strabomantis necopinus
Strabomantis necopinus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Cordillera Central in Colombia, where it is known from Antioquia, Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, and Tolima Departments at elevations of 1,800–2,200 m (5,900–7,200 ft) asl.

The natural habitat of Strabomantis necopinus is primary cloud forest with abundant fallen leaves on the ground. It is a terrestrial and diurnal species. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by logging and agricultural development.

Tolima Department
Tolima (Spanish pronunciation: [toˈlima]) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the west by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km2, and its capital is Ibagué. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca.
Shigetatsu Matsunaga
Shigetatsu Matsunaga (松永 成立, Shigetatsu Matsunaga; born 12 August 1962) is a Japanese  football goalkeeper coach and former football player. He is the goalkeeper coach for J1 League club Yokohama Marinos.

Kyoto Sanga FC
Kyoto Sanga (京都サンガ) is a Japanese professional football club based in Kyoto. The club plays in the J1 League, the top tier of football in the country. Its name "Sanga" comes from the Sanskrit word sangha, a term meaning "group" or "club" and often used to denote the Buddhist priesthood, associating the club with Kyoto's many Buddhist temples.

The club was formerly known as Kyoto Purple Sanga with "purple", the colour of the team uniforms, an imperial colour reflecting Kyoto's status as Japan's ancient imperial capital city. It was decided that, from 2007, the team will simply be known as "Kyoto Sanga". They are the oldest club competing in the J.League.

Kyoto Sanga have won two J2 League titles and one Emperor's Cup.
Adriaan Blaas
Adriaan Blaas is a South African politician who served in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2004. He represented the National Party (NP) and New National Party (NNP) until April 2003, when he crossed the floor to join the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP).

Floor crossing (South Africa)
Floor crossing was a system introduced to the post-apartheid South African political system in 2002, under which members of Parliament, members of provincial legislatures and local government councillors could change political party (or form a new party) and take their seats with them when they did so. Floor crossing in South Africa was abolished in January 2009.
Golan Heights Winery
The Golan Heights Winery (Hebrew: יקבי רמת הגולן)  is an Israeli winery located in the Israeli settlement of Katzrin in the Golan Heights. It is Israel's third largest winery. In 2012, Golan Heights Winery was named New World Winery of the Year by Wine Enthusiast magazine.

Wine Enthusiast
Wine Enthusiast Companies  is a New York based company that engages in the wine, e-commerce, information, education, events, media, and travel markets. Wine Enthusiast Companies was founded in 1979 by Adam and Sybil Strum.  It is composed of Wine Enthusiast Commerce and Wine Enthusiast Media.

Its magazine, Wine Enthusiast, was founded in 1988 and offers information on wine and spirits, with reviews and articles on topics peripheral to wine, entertainment, travel, restaurants, and notable sommeliers.
Babel (surname)
Babel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Günther Babel (born 1952), German politician

Isaac Babel (1894–1940), Soviet journalist, playwright, and short story writer

Johann Baptist Babel (1716–1799), Swiss sculptor

Louis Babel (1826–1912), Oblate priest

Meike Babel (born 1974), German tennis champion

Pierre-Edmé Babel (1720–1775), French engraver

Ryan Babel (born 1986), Dutch footballer

Johann Baptist Babel
Johann Baptist Babel (25 June 1716 – 9 February 1799) was the preeminent sculptor of Baroque era Switzerland. Active mainly in Central Switzerland, he enjoyed an uncommonly long productive period that spanned the transitions from Late Baroque to Rococo and then to Neoclassicism.
Museu de Paleontologia da Universidade Regional do Cariri
Museu de Paleontologia Plácido Cidade Nuvens (English: Plácido Cidade Nuvens Paleontology Museum) is a Brazilian museum that houses a paleontological collection from the Cariri region, belonging to the Regional University of Cariri (URCA). It is located in Santana do Cariri, Ceará, a region that hosts one of the largest concentrations of fossils on the planet, preserving evidence dating back 110 million years.

It is estimated that the museum welcomes around 10,000 visitors each year.

Santana do Cariri
Santana do Cariri is a municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil.  It is located in the immediate and intermediate region of Juazeiro do Norte, as well as in the region of influence of Juazeiro do Norte.The municipality has 807 km2. It is estimated that in 2021 its population has reached 17,726 thousand inhabitants, according to the IBGE. It has the title of “The Cearense Capital of Paleontology ''.
Nicolás Bruno
Nicolás Bruno (born 24 February 1989 in Avellaneda) is an Argentine male volleyball player. He was part of the Argentina men's national volleyball team. Bruno competed with the national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain and at the 2016 Olympics in Rio, Brazil. He currently plays for Halkbank Ankara.

Avellaneda
Avellaneda (Latin American Spanish: [aβeʝaˈneða], locally [aβeʃaˈneða]) is a port city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the seat of the Avellaneda Partido, whose population was 367,554 as per the 2022 census [INDEC]. Avellaneda is located within the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, and is connected to neighboring Buenos Aires by several bridges over the Riachuelo River.
Chilean submarine Simpson
Simpson is the name of the following submarines of the Chilean Navy:

Chilean submarine Simpson (1944), ex-USS Spot, a Balao-class submarine, decommissioned in 1982

Chilean submarine Simpson (1982), a Type 209 submarine, in active service

Type 209 submarine
The Type 209 (German: U-Boot-Klasse 209) is a range of diesel-electric attack submarines developed exclusively for export by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany. Five class variants (Types 209/1100, 209/1200, 209/1300, 209/1400 and 209/1500), including modifications thereof, have been successfully exported to 15 countries, with 68 submarines being built and commissioned to five variants between 1971 and 2021. More boats have been built to modified designs.

The original variant, the Type 209/1100, was designed in the late 1960s with Greece becoming its first adopter. Turkey is the largest adopter, having purchased 14 submarines consisting of eight Type 209/1400 and six Type 209/1200 submarines. A non-specific variant was adopted by Israel as its first Dolphin class. The Type 209 family is the most widely proliferated submarine in Latin America, having been adopted by seven countries.
Newton, Lancaster
Newton is a hamlet in the civil parish of Whittington, Lancashire, England.  It is in the City of Lancaster district, south of Whittington on the B 6254 road and about half a mile west of the River Lune.

There are four grade 2 listed buildings: the 1692 "House in grounds west of Newton Hall", the 1692  Newton Gate, the "late C17th and mid C19th" Newton Hall Farmhouse  and the "rebuilt probably in 1880s, probably by Paley and Austin" Newton Hall.

The Victoria County History records that the township of Whittington "was formerly divided into two parts, Whittington proper to the north ... and Newton with Docker to the south", and its earliest mention of Newton is "Henry Brabin died in 1617 holding ... lands ... in Whittington and Newton".

Victoria County History
The Victoria History of the Counties of England, commonly known as the Victoria County History  (VCH), is an English history project which began in 1899 with the aim of creating an encyclopaedic history of each of the historic counties of England, and was dedicated to Queen Victoria. In 2012 the project was rededicated to Queen Elizabeth II in celebration of her Diamond Jubilee year.: 7  Since 1933 the project has been coordinated by the Institute of Historical Research in the University of London.
Manpower (1941 film)
Manpower is a 1941 American crime melodrama directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Edward G. Robinson, Marlene Dietrich, and George Raft. The picture was written by Richard Macaulay and Jerry Wald, and the supporting cast features Alan Hale, Frank McHugh, Eve Arden, Barton MacLane, Ward Bond and Walter Catlett.

Victor McLaglen
Victor Andrew de Bier Everleigh McLaglen (10 December 1886 – 7 November 1959) was a British-American actor and boxer. His film career spanned from the early 1920s through the 1950s, initially as a leading man, though he was better known for his character acting. He was a well-known member of John Ford’s Stock Company, appearing in 12 of the director’s films, seven of which co-starred John Wayne.

For his performance as a treacherous Irish Republican in the 1935 film The Informer, he won the Academy Award for Best Actor, and was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Quiet Man, both directed by Ford. In 1960, he was posthumously given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Marcos Poggi
Marcos Poggi (born 31 August 1987) is a Spanish rugby sevens player. He was selected for Spain 7s's 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens squad. In 2016, he was named in Spain 7s's rugby sevens team for the Rio Olympics. He was part of the team that won the 2016 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament that was held in Monaco.

2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens
The 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens was the sixth edition of the Rugby World Cup Sevens. The tournament was held at Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia. 
New Zealand  won the tournament, defeating England 33–0 in the final. Attendance for the tournament was poor, with matches played in mostly empty stadiums.

World Rugby, then known as the International Rugby Board (IRB), initially stated that the Rugby World Cup Sevens would be scrapped if rugby sevens were to be included in the Olympic programme for the 2016 Summer Olympics. As the International Olympic Committee voted for the sport's inclusion, this was thought likely to be the last edition of the tournament. However, the IRB clarified that in June 2013, the tournament would be retained and held quadrennially from 2018.
Bastion (agency)
Bastion is a global marketing and advisory company headquartered in the Melbourne, Australia suburb of Cremorne, Victoria. It is reportedly the largest independent marketing and communications group in Australia and New Zealand, and was founded in 2009 by former professional Australian rules footballer Fergus Watts. Watts serves as the company's executive chairman.

Cremorne, Victoria
Cremorne is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3 km (1.9 mi) south-east of the Melbourne central business district, located within the City of Yarra local government area. Cremorne recorded a population of 2,158 at the 2021 census.

It is bounded by the Yarra River, Punt Road, Swan and Church Streets, and divided down the middle by the railway to South Yarra. Covering only about a square kilometre, until 1999 Cremorne existed only as a locality in the larger suburb of Richmond. Cremorne's built environment comprises a chaotic mix of uses, a result of being 'walled in' by main roads and railways on all sides. There are industrial icons such as Bryant and May and Rosella factories, and the Nylex Clock, side by side with Victorian cottages, modern townhouses, offices and light industries.

Cremorne takes its name from the Cremorne Gardens, an amusement park which occupied a riverfront location in the western half of Cremorne for a period in the mid 19th century.
Green mix
Green mix is an early step in the manufacturing of black powder for explosives. It is a rough mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur in the correct proportions (75:15:10) for black powder, but is not milled, pressed or corned.  It burns much more slowly than black powder, when it chooses to burn at all, can still explode if ignited in a confined place; the deflagration is usually characterized by short, uneven sizzling followed by relatively long periods of smoulder.

Deflagration
Deflagration  (Lat: de + flagrare, 'to burn down') is subsonic combustion in which a pre-mixed flame propagates through an explosive or a mixture of fuel and oxidizer. Deflagrations in high and low explosives or fuel–oxidizer mixtures may transition to a detonation depending upon confinement and other factors. Most fires found in daily life are diffusion flames. Deflagrations with flame speeds in the range of 1 m/s differ from detonations which propagate supersonically with detonation velocities in the range of km/s.
Archdiocese of Rhodes
The Archdiocese of Rhodes (Latin: Archidioecesis Rhodiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Greece. The archdiocese is directly exempt to the Holy See and not part of an ecclesiastical province. It was at various times a titular see and later a metropolitan see. It has its cathedra within St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral in the eponymous capital of the island of Rhodes.

One former cathedral of "Our Lady of the Castle" was turned into a mosque during the Ottoman period and is now a museum, the other former cathedral of St. John was turned into a Greek Orthodox church.

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
Philip Kassel
Philip Kassel (September 22, 1876 – May 25, 1959) was an American gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in the German Empire. In 1904 he won the gold medal in the team event. He was also 6th in athletics' triathlon event, 11th in gymnastics' all-around competition and 19th in gymnastics' triathlon event.

Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's triathlon
The men's triathlon was an unusual event conducted during the 1904 Summer Olympics.  The International Olympic Committee lists it as part of the Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme, though other sources list it among the Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics events.  Gymnasts rather than track and field athletes competed. However, the three events of the triathlon were decidedly athletic rather than gymnastic in nature, comprising the long jump, the shot put, and the 100 yard dash.

118 athletes from 3 nations competed.

The results from this event, as well as the gymnastics triathlon event, were used to determine scores for the gymnastics all-around event. Since 2021 the International Olympic Committee lists the medals won in this event as being part of the sport of Gymnastics Artistic under name "Individual All-Around, Field Sports Men".
2015 Formula Renault 3.5 Series
The 2015 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in Formula Renault 3.5 formula race cars that conformed to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2015 season was the eleventh and final season Formula Renault 3.5 Series  organised by Renault Sport, after it was announced that the organisation would withdraw its backing of the championship at the end of the season.

The season began at Motorland Aragón on 25 April and finished on 18 October at Circuito de Jerez. The series formed part of the World Series by Renault meetings at seven double header events, with an additional double header event at the Red Bull Ring and a single race at Monaco, in support of the Monaco Grand Prix.

Circuit de Monaco
Circuit de Monaco is a 3.337 km (2.074 mi) street circuit laid out on the city streets of Monte Carlo and La Condamine around the harbour of the Principality of Monaco. It is commonly, and even officially, referred to as "Monte Carlo" because it is largely inside the Monte Carlo neighbourhood of Monaco.

The circuit is annually used on three weekends in April–May for Formula One Monaco Grand Prix, Formula E Monaco ePrix and Historic Grand Prix of Monaco. Formula One's respective feeder series over the years – Formula 3000, GP2 Series and today the Formula 2 and FIA Formula 3 championships and Porsche Supercup – also visit the circuit concurrently with Formula One. The Monaco Grand Prix is one of the three events victories which count towards the Triple Crown of Motorsport.
Anne Clutterbuck
Anne Clutterbuck is an attorney and former elected official living in Houston, Texas.  She is a member of the board of managers of the Harris County Hospital District (also known as the Harris Health System), the governing body that oversees the public health system in the Harris County, Texas region.

Clutterbuck was elected to three terms on Houston City Council, where she served from January 2006 through 2011, when she was term limited. While on city council, she served as chair of the Budget & Fiscal Affairs Committee and as mayor pro tempore. She also represented the City of Houston as a director of the Houston-Galveston Area Council (H-GAC), where she was the vice chair of the Budget Committee and the Legislative Affairs Committee and chair of the Audit Committee.

Clutterbuck served as the president of the Southampton Civic Club for two years in 2004-5.

Pro tempore
Pro tempore (/ˌproʊ ˈtɛmpəri, -ˌreɪ/), abbreviated pro tem or p.t., is a Latin phrase which best translates to 'for the time being' in English. This phrase is often used to describe a person who acts as a locum tenens 'placeholder'. The phrase is also used to describe officers appointed on a temporary basis, prior to the formalisation of their appointments.
Maiorga Ramirez
Maiorga Ramirez (born 20 July 1976) is a Basque nationalist politician.   He is a leading member of the Eusko Alkartasuna (EA) in the province of Navarre in northern Spain and, since 2015, one of three just EA members of the Parliament of Navarre, where the EA sits as part of the EHB left-wing nationalist coalition.

Tafalla
Tafalla is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Tafalla lies 30 km south of Pamplona, in the valley of the Zidacos river, which is a tributary of the Aragón. The population in January 2022 was 10,576.
Softball South Africa
Softball South Africa (SSA) is the national governing body for softball in South Africa. Softball South Africa is responsible for the promotion and development of softball in South Africa. Softball South Africa is affiliated with the world governing body World Baseball Softball Confederation, and is responsible for the administration of the men's and women's national softball teams. SSA is also affiliated with SASCOC.

SSA organises competitions such as National Provincial Championships, and is also responsible for developing softball at all levels from primary and secondary schools, universities and to the elite level.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Hanaoka
Hanaoka (written: 花岡 or 華岡) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Maho Hanaoka (花岡 麻帆, born 1976), Japanese long and triple jumper

Hanaoka Seishū (華岡 青洲, 1760–1835), Japanese surgeon

Hanaoka Seishū
Hanaoka Seishū (華岡 青洲; October 23, 1760 – November 21, 1835) was a Japanese surgeon of the Edo period with a knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine, as well as Western surgical techniques he had learned through Rangaku (literally "Dutch learning", and by extension "Western learning"). Hanaoka is said to have been the first to perform surgery using general anesthesia.