hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Adventures of Doctor Eszterhazy
The Adventures of Doctor Eszterhazy is a collection of historical mystery fantasy short stories by Avram Davidson featuring his scholarly detective character Doctor Eszterhazy and set in an imaginary European country. It was first published in hardcover by Owlswick Press in January 1991, with an ebook edition issued by Gateway/Orion in August 2013. The book is an expansion of the earlier collection The Enquiries of Doctor Eszterhazy (1975), adding five more stories written later but set earlier; the only Eszterhazy story it left uncollected was 1988's "The Odd Old Bird."

Short story collection
A short story collection is a book of short stories and/or novellas by a single author. A short story collection is distinguished from an anthology of fiction, which would contain work by several authors (e.g., Les Soirées de Médan). The stories in a collection may or may not share a tone, theme, setting, or characters with one another.
David McKenzie (economist)
David McKenzie is a lead economist at the World Bank's Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit in Washington, D.C. His research topics include migration, microenterprises, and methodology for use with developing country data.

McKenzie is also a contributor to the World Bank's Development Impact blog and affiliated with the International Growth Centre and Innovations for Poverty Action.

Innovations for Poverty Action
Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) is an American non-profit research and policy organization founded in 2002 by economist Dean Karlan. Since its foundation, IPA has worked with over 400 academics to conduct over 900 evaluations in 52 countries. The organization also manages the Poverty Probability Index.

IPA conducts randomized controlled trials (RCTs), along with other types of quantitative research, to measure the impacts of development programs in sectors including microfinance, education, health, peace and recovery, governance, agriculture, social protection, and small and medium enterprises. Its partner organizations include over 400 governments, nonprofits, academic institutions, foundations, and companies.
2024 Geneva Open – Singles
Casper Ruud defeated Tomáš Macháč in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the singles title at the 2024 Geneva Open. It was his third title at the tournament in four years. Ruud saved a match point en route to his 12th ATP Tour singles title, in the semifinals against Flavio Cobolli.

Nicolás Jarry was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament began.

With his win over Yannick Hanfmann in the second round, Novak Djokovic became the third player in the Open Era to win 1,100 tour-level matches, after Jimmy Connors and Roger Federer.

Yannick Hanfmann
Yannick Hanfmann (born 13 November 1991) is a German professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 45 achieved on 3 July 2023 and a best doubles ranking of No. 81 achieved on 15 July 2024.

He is known for his powerful serves (up to 143 mph) and groundstrokes.

Hanfmann played college tennis at the University of Southern California.
James Lind
James Lind FRSE FRCPE (4 October 1716 – 13 July 1794) was a Scottish physician. He was a pioneer of naval hygiene in the Royal Navy. By conducting one of the first ever clinical trials, he developed the theory that citrus fruits cured scurvy. Lind served in the Royal Navy and then went onto private practice. In 1758 he was appointed chief physician of the Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, then one of the largest hospitals in the world. While chief physician, Lind argued for the health benefits of better ventilation aboard naval ships, the improved cleanliness of sailors' bodies, clothing and bedding, and below-deck fumigation with sulphur and arsenic. He also proposed that fresh water could be obtained by distilling sea water. He retired in 1783 and was awarded a large pension by the naval commissioners. Lind advanced the practice of preventive medicine and improved human understanding of nutrition.

Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home.

While often equated with cleanliness in common usage, hygiene is a term encompassing the personal practices and environmental conditions that maintain health and prevent disease.
Jules Van Der Goten
Jules Vandergoten (born 23 July 1901) was a Belgian weightlifter. He competed in the men's light heavyweight event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Vandergoten was the brother of fellow Belgian weightlifter Maurice Vandergoten.

Weightlifting at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's 82.5 kg
The men's light heavyweight event was part of the weightlifting programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. The weight class was the second-heaviest contested, and allowed weightlifters of up to 82.5 kilograms (181.5 pounds). The competition was held on Sunday, 29 July 1928.
Sandra Conley
Sandra Conley (born 24 October 1943) is a former ballet dancer, a principal dancer with the Royal Ballet.

Conley was born on 24 October 1943 in Hatfield, England.

In 1962, Conley made her debut with the Royal Ballet's touring company, and in 1970 transferred to the Covent Garden company. She was promoted to principal dancer in 1980.

Conley created the lead female role in Kenneth MacMillan's Valley of Shadows. She also created lead roles in Antony Tudor's Knight Errant (1968), Frederick Ashton's Creatures of Prometheus (1969), MacMillan's Manon (1974), and John Neumeier's Gustav Mahler's Fourth Symphony (1977).

Conley danced Empress Elisabeth in the 1983 New York City premiere of MacMillan's Mayerling. In her later career, she was a character artist with the Royal Ballet.

Mayerling (ballet)
Mayerling is a ballet choreographed by Kenneth MacMillan to the music of Franz Liszt, arranged by John Lanchbery, scenario by Gillian Freeman and designed by Nicholas Georgiadis.  The ballet is based on the Mayerling incident, a series of events surrounding the apparent murder–suicide of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (21 August 1858 – 30 January 1889) and his lover, Baroness Mary Vetsera (19 March 1871 – 30 January 1889). The ballet premiered on 14 February 1978, at the Royal Opera House, danced by The Royal Ballet, with David Wall as Prince Rudolf and Lynn Seymour as Vetsera.
Muttukumara Kavirajar
Muttukumara Kavirajar (1780–1851), the Ceylon / Sri Lankan Tamil poet, was one of the earliest Hindus to protest via published native literature the conversion attempts by the various Protestant missionaries within the Jaffna peninsula in Sri Lanka. He wrote the Jnanakkummi or Kummi Song on Wisdom and Yesumataparikaram or Abolition of the Jesus Doctrine. These poem were initially published in 1850s by Arumuga Navalar

Jaffna Peninsula
The Jaffna Peninsula (Tamil: யாழ்ப்பாணக் குடாநாடு, romanized: Yāḻppāṇa kuṭānāṭu, or Tamil: யாழ் குடாநாடு, romanized: Yāḻ kuṭānāṭu) is a region in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It is home to the capital city of the province, Jaffna, and comprises much of the former land mass of the medieval Jaffna Kingdom.

The peninsula was historically divided into the three regions of Vadamarachchi, Thenmarachchi and Valikamam, which today make up three regions of the Jaffna District.
Wheelchair fencing at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's foil A
The Women's Foil Individual A wheelchair fencing competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held on 20 September at the Helliniko Fencing Hall.

The event was won by Yu Chui Yee, representing  Hong Kong.

Yu Chui Yee
Alison Yu Chui-yee (Chinese: 余翠怡; Jyutping: jyu4 ceoi3 ji4; born 29 March 1984) is a wheelchair fencer from Hong Kong. When she was 11 years old, she had bone cancer, leading to the amputation of her left leg. She began as a swimmer but switched to fencing at the age of 17. At the 2004 Summer Paralympics, she won four gold medals in both the individual and team events of épée and foil. She was the first athlete to win four gold medals in fencing in category A in 2004. At the 2008 Summer Paralympics, she represented Hong Kong again, but since the team matches were canceled, she only won one gold and one silver medal in the individual events.
Rikuto Hirose
Rikuto Hirose (広瀬 陸斗, Hirose, Rikuto; born 23 September 1995) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays for J1 League club Vissel Kobe. He previously played for J2 League sides Mito Hollyhock and Tokushima Vortis.

His father Osamu is a former professional footballer.

Vissel Kobe
Vissel Kobe (ヴィッセル神戸, Visseru Kōbe) is a Japanese professional football club based in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture. The club plays in the J1 League, which is the top tier of football in the country. They are currently the J1 League champions. The club's home stadium is Noevir Stadium Kobe, in Hyōgo-ku, though some home matches are played at Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium in Suma-ku.
USS Euryale
USS Euryale (AS-22) was built as the Hawaiian Merchant by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in Kearny, New Jersey for the Matson Navigation Company. Hawaiian Merchant was launched 12 April 1941, minutes after sister ship Hawaiian Shipper, and was completed April 1941. Matson intended the ship to join Hawaiian Planter and Hawaiian Shipper in the U.S. Pacific Coast—Australia route. The ship was under United States Army Transportation Corps charter when the United States went to war and came under the control of the War Shipping Administration which allocated the ship to the Army's continued charter until the ship was purchased 15 April 1943 by the United States Navy and commissioned 2 December 1943 as USS Euryale (AS-22), serving as a  submarine tender through the war. Euryale was decommissioned 7 October 1946, going into reserve until 9 August 1972 when she was delivered to the Maritime Administration with immediate sale to American Ship Dismantler, Inc. for disposal.

Matson, Inc.
Matson, Inc., is an American shipping and navigation services company headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii. Founded in 1882, Matson, Inc.'s subsidiary Matson Navigation Company provides ocean shipping services across the Pacific to Hawaii, Alaska, Guam, Micronesia, the Pacific islands, China, and Japan.
Reigandō
Reigandō (霊巌洞, meaning "Spirit Rock Cave") is a cave that lies to the west of Kumamoto, Japan, that became a temporary home to the legendary rōnin, Miyamoto Musashi. From 1643, Musashi spent many of his last months in the cave, meditating and writing his Book of Five Rings. The cave is accessed easily by bus from Kumamoto City and nearby Tamana.

Rōnin
In feudal Japan to early modern Japan (1185–1868), a rōnin (/ˈroʊnɪn/ ROH-nin; Japanese: 浪人, IPA: [ɾoːɲiɴ], 'drifter' or 'wandering man', lit. 'unrestrained or dissolute person') was a samurai who had no lord or master and in some cases, had also severed all links with his family or clan. A samurai became a rōnin upon the death of his master, or after the loss of his master's favor or legal privilege.

In modern Japanese, the term is usually used to describe a salaryman who is unemployed or a secondary school graduate who has not yet been admitted to university.
Josef Diefenthal
Josef Diefenthal (5 October 1915 – 13 April 2001) was a mid-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany and a war criminal during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 5 February 1945 for his actions during the Ardennes Offensive, while in command of the 3rd Battalion, 2nd SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment, SS Division Leibstandarte.

Diefenthal was found guilty of war crimes at the Malmedy massacre trial committed during the Battle of the Bulge. He was found guilty of issuing illegal orders, and personally approving the murder of at least one American prisoner of war.

"He reported to the speech to his company that he had heard at Diefenthal's battalion command post, which included statements that enemy resistance was to be broken by terror and that no prisoners of war were to be taken."

Diefenthal was sentenced to death, which was later changed to life imprisonment in 1951. He was released in 1956.

Malmedy massacre trial
The Malmedy massacre trial (U.S. vs. Valentin Bersin, et al.) was held in May–July 1946 in the former Dachau concentration camp to try the German Waffen-SS soldiers accused of the Malmedy massacre of 17 December 1944. The highest-ranking defendant was the former Waffen-SS general Sepp Dietrich.
Linjab Sharif
Linjab Sharif (Persian: لينجاب شريف, also Romanized as Līnjāb Sharīf; also known as Līnjāb, Līnjāv Sharīf, and Venīt Sharīf) is a village in Nabovat Rural District, in the Central District of Eyvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 13 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Mantosh Sondhi
Mantosh Sondhi was an IOFS officer. He served as the first General Manager of the Heavy Vehicles Factory, one of the 41 Indian Ordnance Factories. He was the founding Chairman & Managing Director of Bokaro Steel Plant. He was the first IOFS officer and first non-IAS officer to hold the posts of Secretary of Ministry of Heavy Industries, Ministry of Steel, Ministry of Mines and Ministry of Coal. He studied engineering at the University of London.
He was awarded Padma Shri in 1968 by the President of India. In 1995, he was decorated as Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland by the President of Finland. The headquarters of Confederation of Indian Industry is named in his honour. He was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission of India. He also served as the Chairman of several MNCs such as Ashok Leyland, ABB, Wärtsilä. His son is Vipin Sondhi, former CEO and MD of JCB India and Ashok Leyland.

Bokaro Steel Plant
Bokaro Steel Plant (BSL) is located in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand. It is the fourth integrated public sector steel plant in India built with Soviet technology. It is the second largest steel plant in India after Bhilai Steel Plant and 3rd largest in Asia in terms of area (10 km x 5 km).
Yadahalli, Bilagi
Yadahalli  is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, Yadahalli is under Bilagi Taluka of Bagalkot District in Karnataka. It have Karnataka's first chinkara wildlife sanctuary named Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary. The village of Yadahalli is 9 km by road east of Mantur and 22 km by road northwest of the town of Bilagi. Yadahalli is on the south shore of the Krishna River.

Krishna River
The Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau is the third-longest in India, after the Ganga and Godavari. It is also the fourth-largest in terms of water inflows and river basin area in India, after the Ganga, Indus and Godavari. The river, also called the Krishnaveni, is 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long and flows for 282 kilometres in Maharashtra. It is a major source of irrigation in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
Narendra Patel
Narendra Patel (date of birth unknown) was a Kenyan first-class cricketer.

A Mombasa based cricketer, Patel made a single appearance in first-class cricket for an East African Invitation XI against a touring Marylebone Cricket Club side at Kampala in 1963. Opening the batting twice in the match alongside the Tanzanian R. D. Patel, he was dismissed in East African first innings for 11 runs by Tom Cartwright, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 39 runs by Robin Hobbs.

Robin Hobbs
Robin Nicholas Stuart Hobbs (8 May 1942 – 17 March 2024) was an English cricketer who played in seven Tests for England from 1967 to 1971.  He played first-class cricket for both Essex and Glamorgan.

Cricket writer, Colin Bateman, remarked, "Hobbs was the last specialist leg-spinner to play for England before Ian Salisbury revived the art in 1992. A good spinner of the ball although he lacked the googly, an inventive batsman and great character, he was an immensely popular cricketer".
Sabine Haag
Sabine Haag (born 28 February 1962 in Bregenz) is an Austrian art historian, who has served as the director general of the Kunsthistorisches Museum since 2009. She specialises in art made from amber and ivory.

Amber
Amber is fossilized tree resin. It has been appreciated for its color (orange, brown and, sometimes, red) and natural beauty since the Neolithic times, and worked as a gemstone since classical antiquity. Amber is used in jewelry and as a healing agent in folk medicine.

There are five classes of amber, defined on the basis of their chemical constituents. Because it originates as a soft, sticky tree resin, amber sometimes contains animal and plant material as inclusions. Amber occurring in coal seams is also called resinite, and the term ambrite is applied to that found specifically within New Zealand coal seams.
Augustin Langlade
Augustin Mouet, sieur de Langlade, (with a number of name variations) (1703 – c. 1771), was born in Trois-Rivières, Quebec. He was the son of Pierre Mouet, sieur de Moras.

Augustin obtained a fur trading license at Michilimackinac in 1728. That year he married Domitilde, a widow with six children, who was the daughter of an Odawa chief and the sister to another. This strengthened his standing in the area. He was largely responsible for the establishment of the fur trading outpost that became Green Bay, Wisconsin. In 1728 he also fought in the Fox Wars together with François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery.

Augustin was a Canadian fur trader in that region. His son, Charles Michel de Langlade, was also involved in fur trading, and was a leader in the French and Indian Wars.

Michilimackinac
Michilimackinac (/ˌmɪʃələˈmækənɔː/ MISH-ə-lə-MAK-ə-naw) is derived from an Ottawa-Ojibwe name for present-day Mackinac Island and the region around the Straits of Mackinac between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Early settlers of North America applied the term to the entire region along Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. Today it is considered to be mostly within the boundaries of Michigan. Michilimackinac was the original name for Mackinac Island and Mackinac County.
Water Street (St. John's)
Water Street is located in downtown St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It became a commercial trading outpost for the Basques, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and English. The street now boasts many souvenir shops, restaurants, pubs, and high-end boutiques, as well as other commercial ventures. To this day, the street remains the hub of commercial activity in the city; in 2020, the city implemented a seasonal pedestrian-only section of the road.

Downtown St. John's
Downtown St. John's is the historic core, and central business district of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Located north of St. John's harbour, it is the business, entertainment, and tourism centre with office buildings, hotels, restaurants, and other services.
Eversfield
Eversfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Eversfield (1683–1749), British politician

Charles Eversfield, 2nd Baronet (c. 1708–1784)

Edward Eversfield (c. 1618–c. 1676), English courtier and politician

James Eversfield (1795–1826), English landowner and High Sheriff of Sussex

John Eversfield (c. 1624–1678), English politician

Nicholas Eversfield (MP for Hastings) (c. 1584–1629), English landowner and politician

Nicholas Eversfield (MP for Bramber) (c. 1646–1684), English landowner and politician

Thomas Eversfield (1614–1649), English politician

William Markwick (1739–1812), English naturalist who changed his surname to Eversfield to obtain an inheritance

William Markwick
William Markwick (1739 – 6 April 1812), who took the name of William Eversfield, was a Fellow of the Linnean Society and a keen naturalist, known for his pioneering phenological observations recorded in Gilbert White's 1789 book The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne.

Many of his scientific writings remain unpublished, in some cases despite being submitted to the Linnean Society.
Insight (Adventist magazine)
Insight, successor to The Youth's Instructor, was a weekly magazine designed for Seventh-day Adventist young people, published from 1970–2017 by Review and Herald. It was described as one of the "most important" Adventist magazines.

Review and Herald Publishing Association
The Review and Herald Publishing Association was the older of two Seventh-day Adventist publishing houses in North America.  The organization published books, magazines, study guides, CDs, videos and games for Adventist churches, schools and individual subscribers.  It also printed and distributed the Adventist Review magazine. In 2014 the Review and Herald Publishing Association decided to remain as a publisher, but without printing and distribution facilities. It maintains a board and administrators.
William Johnston (novelist)
William Joseph Johnston (January 11, 1924 – October 15, 2010) was an American novelist, primarily known for authoring tie-in novels, although he also wrote non-fiction books and novels unrelated to specific motion pictures or television series.

Tie-in
A tie-in work is a work of fiction or other product based on a media property such as a film, video game, television series, board game, website, role-playing game or literary property. Tie-ins are authorized by the owners of the original property, and are a form of cross-promotion used primarily to generate additional income from that property and to promote its visibility.
Cape Breton Highlands National Park
Cape Breton Highlands National Park is a Canadian national park on northern Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia.   The park was the first national park in the Atlantic provinces of Canada and covers an area of 948 square kilometres (366 mi2).  It is one of 42 in Canada's system of national parks.

It consists of mountains, valleys, waterfalls, rocky coastlines and the Cape Breton Highlands, a tundra-esque plateau. Forest types include Acadian and Boreal. The park includes the highest point in Nova Scotia, White Hill, at 533.5 m (1,750 ft) above sea level.

Rivers in the park include the Chéticamp River and the North Aspy River.

In 2014, Parks Canada started a four-year project with the Unama'ki Institute of Natural Resources, among other partners, to begin regional boreal forest restorations within this park.

Unama'ki Institute of Natural Resources
The Unama'ki Institute of Natural Resources (UINR) is an Indigenous led non-profit organization located in the Mi'kmaw community of Eskasoni on Unama’ki (Cape Breton Island), Nova Scotia, Canada.

UINR serves the five Mi'kmaw communities in Unama'ki–Eskasoni, Membertou, Potlotek, Wagmatcook, and Waycobah. Since its formation in 1999, the UINR Board of Directors has been made up of the five Unama’ki Chiefs.