hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Argentine currency controls (2011–2015)
Argentina installed foreign exchange controls in 2011, at the beginning of the second presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Those controls limited the ability to buy or sell any foreign currency. The restriction was informally known in Argentina as Cepo cambiario (Spanish for 'exchange clamp'). The controls were lifted in 2015, at the beginning of the presidency of Mauricio Macri.

2019 Argentine general election
General elections were held in Argentina on 27 October 2019, to elect the president of Argentina, members of the national congress and the governors of most provinces.

The Peronist, left-wing  Frente de Todos ticket of Alberto Fernández, former Chief Cabinet, and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, National Senator and former president, defeated the center-right Juntos por el Cambio ticket of incumbent president Mauricio Macri and conservative Peronist National Senator Miguel Ángel Pichetto, exceeding the threshold to win the presidency in a single round. Macri became the first incumbent president in Argentine history to be defeated in his reelection bid.
Waverider
A waverider is a hypersonic aircraft design that improves its supersonic lift-to-drag ratio by using the shock waves being generated by its own flight as a lifting surface, a phenomenon known as compression lift.

The waverider remains a well-studied design for high-speed aircraft in the Mach 5 and higher hypersonic regime, although no such design has yet entered production. The Boeing X-51 scramjet demonstration aircraft was tested from 2010 to 2013.  In its final test flight, it reached a speed of Mach 5.1 (5,400 km/h; 3,400 mph).

Transpiration
Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem.

The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem.

Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. It is a passive process that requires no energy expense by the plant. Transpiration also cools plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients. When water uptake by the roots is less than the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation, plants close small pores called stomata to decrease water loss, which slows down nutrient uptake and decreases CO2 absorption from the atmosphere limiting metabolic processes, photosynthesis, and growth.
Wehnelt cylinder
A Wehnelt cylinder (also known as Wehnelt cap, grid cap or simply Wehnelt) is an electrode in the electron gun assembly of some thermionic devices, used for focusing and control of the electron beam. It is named after Arthur Rudolph Berthold Wehnelt, a German physicist, who invented it during the years 1902 and 1903. Wehnelt cylinders are found in the electron guns of cathode ray tubes and electron microscopes, and in other applications where a thin, well-focused electron beam is required.

Electron-beam technology
Since the mid-20th century, electron-beam technology has provided the basis for a variety of novel and specialized applications in semiconductor manufacturing, microelectromechanical systems, nanoelectromechanical systems, and microscopy.
Kajra railway station
Kajra railway station is a railway station on Sahibganj loop line under the Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Kajra in Lakhisarai district in the Indian state of Bihar. The station has two platforms with a length of approximately 656 metres.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
Emilie Solomon
Emilie Solomon (1859–1939) was a British supporter of women's suffrage and president of the Cape Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU; 1919–1925) and was vice-president of the World WCTU (1925–1931). She was also involved in the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) and the Salvation Army. She was the first female chair of the Congregational Union, elected in 1937.

She was born in the town of Bedford, Cape Colony (modern-day South Africa) in 1858. Her father was Edward Solomon, a reverend of the Free Church in Southern Africa who worked for the London Missionary Society. Despite this, the Solomons have been described as "of the Jewish faith by descent, tradition and observance". She was the youngest of eight children; her three brothers were Edward Philip Solomon, Richard Solomon, and another who was Chief Justice of the Union of South Africa. Her mother was Jessie née Matthews, and her uncle was the politician Saul Solomon.

United Congregational Church of Southern Africa
The United Congregational Church of Southern Africa (UCCSA) is a prominent Christian denomination established in 1967, following the unification of various congregational movements within Southern Africa. Its origins can be traced back to the missionary work of the London Missionary Society in the Cape Colony in 1799. The UCCSA plays a significant role in the religious landscape of Southern Africa, with a membership of approximately 1 000 000. It maintains a notable presence in countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Namibia. The UCCSA is recognized for its contributions to education and social justice in the region.
Whitman College
Whitman College is a private liberal arts college in Walla Walla, Washington. The school offers 53 majors and 33 minors in the liberal arts, and it has a student-to-faculty ratio of 9:1.

Founded as a seminary by a territorial legislative charter in 1859, the school became a four-year degree-granting institution in 1882 and abandoned its religious affiliation in 1907. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities and competes athletically in the NCAA Division III as a member of the Northwest Conference.

Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU) is an independent, non-profit membership organization recognized by the United States Department of Education since 1952 as an institutional accreditor for colleges and universities.
Dead ringer (idiom)
Dead ringer is an idiom in English denoting a person who or thing that closely resembles another. It dates back to the 19th century.

In criminal slang, the practice of substituting a cheap item for a valuable one was known as ringing the changes (a phrase derived from campanology). Those who practised this con were known as ringers. The term ringer was also used in horseracing, where it denoted someone who fraudently substituted one horse for another, as well as the horse that had been substituted. Subsequently, it came to be used for anything that resembled something else, often with the addition of the adjective dead (meaning "exact").

The idiom is sometimes said to derive, like saved by the bell, from a custom of providing bell-pulls in coffins so that people who had been buried alive could call for help, but this is a folk etymology.

Campanology
Campanology (/kæmpəˈnɒlədʒi/) is the scientific and musical study of bells. It encompasses the technology of bells—how they are founded, tuned and rung—as well as the history, methods, and traditions of bellringing as an art.

It is common to collect together a set of tuned bells and treat the whole as one musical instrument. Such collections—such as a Flemish carillon, a Russian zvon, or an English "ring of bells" used for change ringing—have their own practices and challenges; and campanology is likewise the study of perfecting such instruments and composing and performing music for them.

In this sense, however, the word campanology is most often used in reference to relatively large bells, often hung in a tower. It is not usually applied to assemblages of smaller bells, such as a glockenspiel, a collection of tubular bells, or an Indonesian gamelan.
Viktor Derbunov
Viktor Ivanovich Derbunov (Russian: Виктор Иванович Дербунов; born January 7, 1967) is a retired Russian professional football goalkeeper.

During his career he played with FC Dynamo Moscow, FC Krasnaya Presnya Moscow and FC Spartak Moscow in the Soviet League, FK Lokomotiva Mostar in Yugoslavia, FC Veres Rivne in Ukraine, F.C. Atlas in Mexico, Russian FC Rossiya Moscow and Happy Valley, Hong Kong Rangers FC and Golden in Hong-Kong.

FK Lokomotiva Mostar
FK Lokomotiva Mostar is a football club from Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The club was founded in 1918 as FK Željezničar. It played in lower league in Yugoslavia. After the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, they played a few seasons in Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina group South.

Junior and cadet teams of FK Lokomotiva play in the Youth league of Bosnia and Herzegovina - group South.
Pristyn Care
Pristyn Care is a Gurugram based health-tech company that deals in minimal invasive medical and surgical interventions. The organization has a network of more than 700 partnered hospitals and 100 clinics. The company was started in 2018 and covers proctology, gynaecology, IVF, urology, vascular, otorhinolaryngology, laparoscopy, anaesthetics, and ophthalmology.

Anesthetic
An anesthetic (American English) or anaesthetic (British English; see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia ⁠— ⁠in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. They may be divided into two broad classes: general anesthetics, which result in a reversible loss of consciousness, and local anesthetics, which cause a reversible loss of sensation for a limited region of the body without necessarily affecting consciousness.

A wide variety of drugs are used in modern anesthetic practice.  Many are rarely used outside anesthesiology, but others are used commonly in various fields of healthcare. Combinations of anesthetics are sometimes used for their synergistic and additive therapeutic effects. Adverse effects, however, may also be increased.  Anesthetics are distinct from analgesics, which block only sensation of painful stimuli. Analgesics are typically used in conjunction with anesthetics to control pre-, intra-, and postoperative pain.
Catalan number
The Catalan numbers are a sequence of natural numbers that occur in various counting problems, often involving recursively defined objects. They are named after Eugène Catalan, though they were previously discovered in the 1730s by Minggatu.

The n-th Catalan number can be expressed directly in terms of the central binomial coefficients by

The first Catalan numbers for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... are

1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 42, 132, 429, 1430, 4862, 16796, 58786, ... (sequence A000108 in the OEIS).

Young tableau
In mathematics, a Young tableau (/tæˈbloʊ, ˈtæbloʊ/; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups and to study their properties.

Young tableaux were introduced by Alfred Young, a mathematician at Cambridge University, in 1900. They were then applied to the study of the symmetric group by Georg Frobenius in 1903. Their theory was further developed by many mathematicians, including Percy MacMahon, W. V. D. Hodge, G. de B. Robinson, Gian-Carlo Rota, Alain Lascoux, Marcel-Paul Schützenberger and Richard P. Stanley.
Grojband
Grojband (a phonetic spelling of "garage band") is a Canadian animated television series created by Todd Kauffman and Mark Thornton for Teletoon in Canada and Cartoon Network in the United States. Produced by Fresh TV and Neptoon Studios, with animation by Elliott Animation, in association with FremantleMedia Enterprises, the series premiered on June 10, 2013, in the United States, on September 5, 2013, in Canada, and on April 21, 2014, in the United Kingdom. It is executive produced by Tom McGillis and Jennifer Pertsch, the creators of the hit animated reality franchise Total Drama. 26 episodes were produced.

Jennifer Pertsch
Jennifer Pertsch (born 1972) is a Canadian writer, producer, and one of the founding partners of Fresh TV, a production studio specializing in teen and family oriented television projects. She began her career as a writer for Nelvana Ltd., before moving to Fresh TV. She co-created and executive-produced 6teen, Stoked,  Total Drama Island, Total Drama Action, and Total Drama World Tour.
Wu Wenying
Wu Wenying (Chinese: 吴文英; 1932 – 26 April 2007) was a Chinese politician who served as minister of textile industry from 1983 to 1993.

She was a member of the 12th, 13th and 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. She was a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from September 1982 to November 1987. It held seven plenary sessions. It was succeeded by the 13th Central Committee. It elected the 12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1982.
Moyzes Quartet
The Moyzes Quartet is a Slovakian string quartet.  It was founded in 1975, with Stanislav Mucha (first violin), František Török (second violin), Alexander Lakatoš (viola) and Ján Slávik (cello). The present first violin (since 2016) is Jozef Horváth.

The members of the quartet studied first at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava, then at the Hochschule fur Musik und darstellende Kunst in Vienna.   The quartet has made over 40 recordings, including works by Shostakovich, Dvořák, Smetana, and Slovak composers such as Ján Levoslav Bella, Alexander Moyzes and Eugen Suchoň.

In 2016 the quartet was awarded the Slovak Republic Ministry of Culture Prize. The quartet is a resident ensemble in the Slovak towns of Modra and Skalica.

Modra
Modra (German: Modern, Hungarian: Modor, Latin: Modur) is a city and municipality in the Bratislava Region in Slovakia. It has a population of 9,201 as of 2013. It nestles in the foothills of the Malé Karpaty (Little Carpathian mountains) and is an excellent centre for hiking.

Modra is famous for its pottery industry. Its blue-and-white porcelain is famous throughout Slovakia.

It is also known as one of the most important viticulture centres in the Little Carpathians region.

Besides the main town, there are also other adjacent settlements incorporated in the municipality: former vassalage viticulture village Kráľová and two recreational hamlets of Harmónia and Piesok (also known as Zochova Chata), both located in the woods of Little Carpathians mountains.
DAX Rush
The Dax Rush is a lightweight two-seater sports car that is offered as a kit. It has a multi-tube triangulated steel space frame chassis, front engine and rear wheel or four wheel drive. The body is constructed in Glass-Reinforced Polymer (GRP) with optional aluminium side panels and bonnet. It complies with the Single Vehicle Approval (SVA) scheme. Two optional rear suspension technologies are offered; De Dion and the IRS (Independent Rear Suspension). The car is known for its 0–100 km/h performance of close to 3 second runs.

De Dion suspension
A de Dion axle is a form of non-independent automobile suspension.  It is a considerable improvement over the swing axle, Hotchkiss drive, or live axle. Because it plays no part in transmitting power to the drive wheels, it is sometimes called a "dead axle".

A powered de Dion suspension uses universal joints on both ends of its driveshafts (at the wheel hubs and at the differential), and a solid tubular beam to hold the opposite wheels in parallel. Unlike an anti-roll bar, a de Dion tube is not directly connected to the chassis, and is not intended to flex. In suspension geometry it is a beam axle suspension.
Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district
Ilocos Norte's 2nd congressional district is one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Ilocos Norte. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1916 and earlier in the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916. The district consists of the city of Batac and adjacent municipalities of Badoc, Banna, Currimao, Dingras, Marcos, Nueva Era, Paoay, Pinili, San Nicolas and Solsona. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Eugenio Angelo M. Barba of the Nacionalista Party (NP).

Pinili
Pinili, officially the Municipality of Pinili (Ilocano: Ili ti Pinili; Tagalog: Bayan ng Pinili), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 17,705 people.
John Harrison (diplomat)
John Harrison was an English representative in Morocco in the 17th century.

James I of England sent John Harrison to Muley Zaydan in Morocco in 1610 and again in 1613 and 1615 in order to obtain the release of English captives. He negotiated a treaty in May 1627 with Sidi al-Ayachi, independent governor of Salé,  who had risen a month before against Mulay Zaydan.

Harrison published an account of the Sultan Mulay Abd al-Malik in 1633.

Salé
Salé (Arabic: سلا, romanized: salā, [salaː]) is a city in northwestern Morocco, on the right bank of the Bou Regreg river, opposite the national capital Rabat, for which it serves as a commuter town. Along with some smaller nearby towns, Rabat and Salé together form a single metropolitan area.

Founded in the 11th century, Salé became a haven for pirates in the 17th century as an independent republic before being incorporated into Alawi Morocco. It recorded a population of 1,089,554 in the 2024 Moroccan census. The city still preserves its historic medina (old town), with many major monuments dating from the Marinid period (13th–15th centuries). Salé is connected to Rabat by a tramway and also contains the Rabat–Salé Airport, the main international airport serving both cities.
Solar eclipse of June 21, 2058
A partial solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Thursday, June 20 and Friday, June 21, 2058, with a magnitude of 0.126. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

The partial solar eclipse will be visible for parts of western Russia, Scandinavia, and Greenland. This event will mark the beginning of Saros series 157.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Jolly Bastian
Jolly Bastian (24 September 1966 – 26 December 2023) was an Indian stunt master predominantly working in the South Indian film industry. His portfolio of 900 films included Putnanja, Annayya, Nattukku Oru Nallavan, Bangalore Days, Crazy Star, Super Ranga, Shyloo, Aramane, Gaalipata, Silence, Overtake (2017), Operation Java (2021) and Oru Cinemakkaran (2017) He also ran an event management and orchestra group named 24 Events, in which he was also the lead singer.

Nattukku Oru Nallavan
Natukku Oru Nallavan (transl. A good man for the country) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language crime action film directed by V. Ravichandran. The film stars Rajinikanth, Juhi Chawla, Ravichandran, Anant Nag, and Khushbu in major roles. The film was simultaneously made in Hindi, Kannada and Telugu under the title Shanti Kranti, featuring slightly different casts. Hamsalekha composed the music for all versions.

Despite the release of a Telugu version, the film was later dubbed into Telugu under the title Police Bullet.
2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2014 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was the World Championships for track cycling in 2014. They took place in Cali, Colombia from 26 February to 2 March 2014 in the Velódromo Alcides Nieto Patiño.

Cali
Santiago de Cali (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,280,522 residents in 2023. The city spans 560.3 km2 (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi) of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.

As a sporting center for Colombia, it was the host city for the 1971 Pan American Games. Cali also hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the 2013 edition of the World Games, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014, the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 as well as the inaugural Junior Pan American Games in 2021 and the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships.
Gerardo González Vernaza
Gerardo González Vernaza (April 13, 1929 – October 21, 2006) was a Panamanian politician from Veraguas Province. He served as Vice President of Panama and President of the National Assembly, serving in the latter post from 1997 to 1999.

Veraguas Province
Veraguas (Spanish pronunciation: [beˈɾa.ɣwas]) is a province of Panama, located in the centre-west of the country. The capital is the city of Santiago de Veraguas. It is the only Panamanian province to border both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It covers an area of 10,587.6 km² and in 2023 it had a population of 259,791.
Al Hefaiyah Conservation Centre
Al Hefaiyah Mountain Conservation Centre (Arabic: مَرْكَز ٱلْحفيَّة لِصوْن ٱلْحَيَاة ٱلْجَبَلِيَّة) is a wildlife reserve and visitor centre located west of the coastal town of Kalba in the Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Emirate of Sharjah
The Emirate of Sharjah (/ˈʃɑːrdʒə/; Arabic: إِمَارَة ٱلشَّارِقَة Imārat Aš-Šāriqah) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates. It covers 2,900 square kilometres (1,100 sq mi) and has a population of over 1,800,000 (2022). It comprises the capital city of Sharjah, after which it is named, and other minor towns and exclaves such as Kalba, Al Dhaid, Dibba Al-Hisn and Khor Fakkan.

The emirate is an absolute monarchy. It has been ruled by Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi since 1972, except for a seven-day period during an attempted coup d'etat by his brother, Sheikh Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad Al Qasimi.