hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (/bjuːˈtɪrɪk/; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. The acid does not occur widely in nature, but its esters are widespread. It is a common industrial chemical and an important component in the mammalian gut.

Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.
Peter Akkermans
Peter M. M. G. Akkermans (born Hulsberg, 14 November 1957) is a Dutch archaeologist and emeritus Professor of Ancient Near Eastern archaeology at Leiden University.

Akkermans was awarded his doctorate for work on the late Neolithic period in Syria. He was a curator at the Netherlands National Museum of Antiquities between 1990 and 2009 and has directed and been involved with excavations in Syria, Turkey, Germany and Bulgaria. His most important work has been on the Pre-pottery Neolithic B, Neolithic, Halaf and Bronze Age site of Tell Sabi Abyad, including surveys of the Balikh Valley area in northern Syria. He published an extensive compilation of Syria's archaeology with Glenn M. Schwartz in 2003 titled The Archaeology of Syria.

Tell Halaf
Tell Halaf (Arabic: تل حلف) is an archaeological site in Al-Hasakah in northeastern Syria, a few kilometers from the city of Ras al-Ayn near the Syria–Turkey border. The site, which dates to the sixth millennium BCE, was the first to be excavated from a Neolithic culture, later called the Halaf culture, characterized by glazed pottery painted with geometric and animal designs.

It is thought to have been historically named Guzana, i.e. the Biblical Gozan.
LNB Pro B MVP
The LNB Pro B Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is an annual professional basketball award that is given by the second tier division in France, the LNB Pro B. It is awarded to the best player in a given regular season. The unified award was introduced in the 2014–15 season, as before there were awards for a French MVP and a Foreign MVP.

French basketball league system
The French basketball league system is a series of interconnected competitions for professional basketball clubs in France. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and relegation system between competitions at different levels. Some of the competitions are: the LNB Pro A, LNB Pro B, Nationale Masculine 1 (NM1), the Nationale Masculine 2 (NM2), the Nationale Masculine 3 (NM3), and the LNB Espoirs.
Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (musical)
Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil is a musical with music and lyrics by Jason Robert Brown and a book by Taylor Mac. Based on John Berendt's 1994 non-fiction novel of the same name, it premiered on July 8, 2024, at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. The musical follows an antiques dealer who is on trial for the murder of a male prostitute in Savannah, Georgia, U.S., based on the killing of Danny Hansford. A Broadway run was announced for 2025 but has not yet come to fruition.

Taylor Mac
Taylor Mac Bowyer (born August 24, 1973) is an American actor, playwright, performance artist, director, producer, and singer-songwriter active mainly in New York City. In 2017, Mac was the recipient of a "Genius Grant" from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Mac was a finalist for the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
Köpetdag Nature Reserve
Köpetdag Nature Reserve is a nature reserve (zapovednik) of Turkmenistan.

Established in 1976 for the protection of indigenous flora and fauna ( juniper, wild fruit trees, reptiles, birds, and mammals) it is located in the central part of the Kopetdag Range in Ahal Province, covering an area of 497 km2 (192 mi2). The reserve consists of four separate areas located at different altitudes, from 700 to 2800 meters.

It also incorporates two sanctuaries and two natural monuments:

Mäne-Çäçe Sanctuary - established in 1976.

Guryhowdan Sanctuary - established in 1976.

Garaýalçy Natural Monument.

Çarlyk Natural Monument.

Kopet Dag
The Köpet Dag (Turkmen: Köpetdag [ˌkœpɛtˈdɑːʁ]; Persian: کپه‌داغ), also known as the Turkmen–Khorasan Mountain Range, is a mountain range on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran that extends about 650 kilometres (400 mi) along the border southeast of the Caspian Sea, stretching northwest-southeast from near the Caspian Sea in the northwest to the Hari River in the southeast. In the southwest it borders on the parallel eastern endings of the Alborz mountains being together part of the much larger Alpide belt. The highest peak of the range in Turkmenistan is the Mount Rizeh (Kuh-e Rizeh), located at the southwest of the capital Ashgabat and stands at 2,940 metres (9,646 ft). The highest Iranian summit is Mount Quchan (Kuh-e Quchan) at 3,191 metres (10,469 ft).
Cayuga Heights, New York
Cayuga Heights is a village in the Town of Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, United States, and a suburb of Ithaca, New York. The population was 4,114 at the 2020 census.

It is north of Cornell University's main campus and is home to many Cornell faculty members, including its president.

Ezra Cornell
Ezra Cornell (/kɔːrˈnɛl/; January 11, 1807 – December 9, 1874) was an American businessman, politician, academic, and philanthropist. He was involved in the founding of Western Union and a co-founder of Cornell University. He also served as president of the New York Agriculture Society and as a New York State Senator.
2012 BCR Open Romania Ladies – Doubles
Irina-Camelia Begu and Elena Bogdan were the defending champions, but they did not partner up together.
Begu partnered up with Alizé Cornet and successfully defended her title defeating Elena Bogdan and Raluca Olaru in the final 6–2, 6–0.

Raluca Olaru
Ioana Raluca Olaru (born 3 March 1989) is a Romanian former professional tennis player. The winner of eleven singles and fifteen doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit, Olaru reached one WTA Tour singles final, at the 2009 Gastein Ladies, losing to Andrea Petkovic, in straight sets. She also won eleven doubles titles on WTA Tour tournaments.

Olaru was a successful junior player. She was the runner–up in both junior singles and doubles at the 2005 French Open, and captured the 2006 US Open doubles title along with Mihaela Buzărnescu. Her best professional Grand Slam result has been the third round of the 2007 French Open, when she defeated the 30th seed Julia Vakulenko, in straight sets, and lost to eventual runner–up, the seventh seed Ana Ivanovic. Olaru reached her highest singles ranking, world No. 53, on 27 July 2009, and her best doubles ranking, No. 30, on 31 January 2022.

Olaru announced her retirement from tennis in June 2024.
Trice Harvey
Trice Jeraine Harvey (July 14, 1936 – January 31, 2017) was an American politician in the state of California.

Born in Paragould, Arkansas, Trice graduated from Taft Union High School in Taft, California. He served on the Kern County, California Board of Supervisors from 1977 to 1987 and on the Rosedale School Board from 1972 to 1976. Trice also served as an inspector for the Kern County Board of Health. He served in the California State Assembly from 1986 to 1996. He was the Republican nominee for the 20th congressional district in 1996; he lost to Democratic incumbent Cal Dooley, receiving 39% of the vote. He later ran for Kern County assessor in 2006, which he also lost. Harvey died as a result of a fall.

Taft, California
Taft (formerly Moron, Moro, and Siding Number Two) is a city in the foothills at the extreme southwestern edge of the San Joaquin Valley, in Kern County, California. Taft is located 32 miles (51 km) west-southwest of Bakersfield, at an elevation of 955 feet (291 m). The population was 8,546 at the 2020 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.3 square miles (39.6 km2).

It was named for President William Howard Taft in 1909.
Mo Forte
Merrill Maurice Forte (March 1, 1947 – February 26, 2021) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head coach at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University from 1982 to 1987, Norfolk State University from 1999 to 2002 and the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff from 2004 to 2007. Forte compiled a career college football record of 57–90–1.

Forte died on February 26, 2021, in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football
The Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football program represents the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff in college football as the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The Lions play their home games at Simmons Bank Field in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
Bagshot
Bagshot is a large village in the Surrey Heath borough of Surrey, England, approximately 27 miles (43 km) southwest of central London. In the past, Bagshot served as an important staging post between London, Southampton and the West Country, evidenced by the original coaching inns still present in the village today.

Much of the land surrounding Bagshot is owned by the Ministry of Defence. The village is adjacent to junction 3 of the M3 motorway. Bagshot railway station is on the line between Ascot and Aldershot and train services are run by South Western Railway

Bagshot is part of the civil parish of Windlesham, which has a population of 17,000 and also includes the neighbouring village of Lightwater.

South Western Railway
South Western Railway Limited,  trading as South Western Railway (SWR), is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter services from its Central London terminus at London Waterloo to south west London, suburban services in the counties of Surrey, Hampshire, Berkshire and Dorset, as well as regional services in Devon, Somerset and Wiltshire. Under the Island Line brand, it operates services on the Isle of Wight.

SWR took over the services from the franchise operator of the same name owned by FirstGroup and MTR Corporation on 25 May 2025.
Sławków
Sławków [ˈswafkuf] (Silesian: Sławkůw) is a town in the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland, located in the Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (part of historic province of Lesser Poland), near Katowice. Outer town of the Metropolis GZM – a metropolis with a population of around 2 million. The population of the town is 7,017 (2019). It is the western terminus of the Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line.

Metropolis GZM
The Metropolis GZM (Polish: Metropolia GZM, formally in Polish Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolia (Upper Silesian-Dąbrowa Basin Metropolis)) is a metropolitan association (Polish: związek metropolitalny) composed of 41 contiguous gminas, with a total population of over 2 million, covering most of the Katowice metropolitan area in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. The seat of metropolitan administration is Katowice, the largest member city and the voivodeship capital.
Bob Weston
Bob Weston (born 1965) is an American musician, producer, recording engineer, and record mastering engineer. Critic Jason Ankeny declares that "Weston's name and fingerprints are all over the American underground rock of the post-punk era, producing and engineering dates for a seemingly endless number of bands." As a performer, Weston is best known as the bass guitarist in the groups Volcano Suns and Shellac.

Underground music
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, mainstream popular music culture. Underground styles lack the commercial success of popular music movements, and may involve the use of avant-garde or abrasive approaches. Underground music may be perceived as expressing sincerity and creative freedom in opposition to those practices deemed formulaic or market-driven. Tying into broader anti-establishment themes, counterculture music can refer to a web of various nonconforming social groups that distinguish themselves from mainstream society.
2003 Estonian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 2 March 2003. The newly elected 101 members of the 10th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. Two opposing parties won the most seats, with both the Centre Party and Res Publica Party winning 28 seats in the Riigikogu. Res Publica was able to gain enough support in negotiations after the elections to form a coalition government.

Mart Laar
Mart Laar (born 22 April 1960) is an Estonian politician and historian. He served as the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002. Laar is credited with having helped bring about Estonia's rapid economic development during the 1990s. He is a member of the centre-right Isamaa party.

In April 2011, Mart Laar became Minister of Defence in the cabinet of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip and served until his resignation for reasons of health in May 2012.

In April 2013, Riigikogu appointed Laar as chairman of the supervisory board of the Bank of Estonia, his term beginning on 12 June 2013.
Jacob Paul
Jacob Paul (born 6 February 1995) is a British hurdler who won the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2019 British Athletics Championships. He competed for England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia.

Personal record
A personal record, or a personal best (abbreviated to PB), is an individual's best performance in a given sporting discipline. It is most commonly found in athletic sports, such as track and field, other forms of running, swimming and weightlifting.

The term came from the world of running, referring to a person's best time in a race of a specific distance. So, if someone runs their first 5K race in 28:45, that's their PB for the 5-kilometre distance. If they run faster than 28:45 in a subsequent 5K race, then they have a new PB for that distance. Over time, PB came to mean any new record in a sport that could be performed by a single person.

Although the term "personal best" is increasingly used in official sports statistics, it can also refer to an unofficial best individual performance.
Raleigh Croshaw
Captain Raleigh Croshaw or Rawley Crashaw (b. c. 1580 – d. 1624) was an English merchant and early immigrant to the Colony and Dominion of Virginia who represented Elizabeth City County in the House of Burgesses in 1624.

The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (often abbreviated to The Generall Historie) is a book written by Captain John Smith, first published in 1624. The book is one of the earliest, if not the earliest, histories of the territory administered by the London Company.
Ross McBurney
Ross Clayton McBurney (July 29, 1906 – July 4, 1988) was an American basketball player.  A 6'5" center, McBurney attended Wichita East High School, where he led the team to a national high school championship in 1925.  He then attended Wichita State University from 1926 to 1929, where he became the school's first basketball All-American in 1927.  That year he led the Shockers to a 19-2 record and a third-place finish in the Amateur Athletic Union tournament.  He was also named to the AAU All-American team that year.

Following his college career, McBurney had a long and successful AAU career.  He went to 10 AAU championship tournaments, winning three consecutive national titles with Henry's Clothiers of Wichita in 1930 to 1932 and again earning AAU All-American honors in 1929.  After five seasons with Henry's, McBurney played for Ogden, Hutchinson, Kansas and Golden State Creamery of Oakland, California.

Wichita East High School
Wichita East High School, known locally as "East", is a public secondary school in Wichita, Kansas, United States. It is operated by Wichita USD 259 school district. The centrally located school's 44-acre (180,000 m2) campus and the building's Collegiate Gothic styling make it an urban landmark. The square footage of the East High campus today is 443,814. East's enrollment for the 2023–2024 school year was 2,338.

The school offers the International Baccalaureate program, a magnet program that teaches students at a college level, and which attracts students from across the city. The campus is also home to WSU Tech, a division of Wichita State University, which provides technical training and education.
1998 French Open – Boys' doubles
José de Armas and Luis Horna were the defending champions, but Horna was unable to compete in Juniors as he turned 18 years old.

De Armas teamed up with Fernando González and successfully defended his title, by defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero and Feliciano López 6–7, 7–5, 6–3 in the final.

Luis Horna
Luis Horna Biscari (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlwis ˈoɾna]; born 14 September 1980 in Lima) is a former tour professional tennis player from Peru, who turned professional in 1998. Known by his nickname "Lucho", he won 2 career singles titles, reached the quarterfinals of the 2004 Madrid Masters and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 33 in August 2004.

Together with Pablo Cuevas, Horna also won the men's doubles at the 2008 French Open. At the 2003 French Open, he defeated Roger Federer in the first round.
German submarine U-717
German submarine U-717 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 24 April 1942 at the H. C. Stülcken Sohn yard at Hamburg, launched on 20 February 1943, and commissioned on 19 May 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Siegfried von Rothkirch und Panthen. Attached to 5th U-boat Flotilla based at Kiel, U-717 completed her training period on 31 July 1944 and was assigned to front-line service.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Diocese of Leicester
The Diocese of Leicester is a Church of England diocese based in Leicester and including the current county of Leicestershire. The cathedral is Leicester Cathedral, where the Bishop of Leicester has his episcopal chair.

The diocese is divided into two archdeaconries, the Archdeaconry of Leicester in the east of the county and the Archdeaconry of Loughborough in the west. The former is divided into the rural deaneries of City of Leicester; Framland (Melton Mowbray); Gartree First and Second; and Goscote. The latter is divided into the rural deaneries of Akeley East, South and West; Guthlaxton; and Sparkenhoe East and West.

The diocese owns a retreat house at Launde Abbey near East Norton.

Sparkenhoe
Sparkenhoe was a hundred of Leicestershire, England in the south-west of the county, covering Market Bosworth and Hinckley, broadly corresponding to the modern districts of Blaby and Hinckley and Bosworth.
The meeting place of the Sparkenhoe Hundred was probably at Shericles Farm near Desford (SK467026), which derives from scirac (?) meaning "the hundred oak".
Sparkenhoe hundred was not recorded in the Domesday Book as a wapentake, being formed in 1346 from part of Guthlaxton and Goscote.
2012 BWF Super Series Finals
The 2012 BWF Super Series Finals was a top level badminton competition which was held from December 12 to December 16, 2012 in Shenzhen, China. The final was held by Chinese Badminton Association and sponsored by China Resources Land. It was the final event of the BWF Super Series competition on the 2012 BWF Super Series schedule. The total purse for the event was $500,000.

China Resources Land
China Resources Land Limited is a property developer of China Resources Group. Its business is the development and management of residential and investment properties in Mainland China major cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Wuhan and Hefei, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Dalian, Ningbo, Changsha, Suzhou, Chongqing and Shenyang. It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as red chip stock in 1996.
Yuwen Qidegui
Yuwen Qidegui (Chinese: 宇文乞得歸; pinyin: Yǔwén Qǐdeguī) (?–333) was the chieftain of the Yuwen tribe from the early 4th century to 333. He succeeded his father Yuwen Xunniyan as chieftain.

In 325, the Later Zhao ruler Shi Le added Yuwen Qidegui (官爵). Yuwen Qidegui dispatched troops to assist Shi Le in attacking the Xianbei chieftain Murong Hui. Murong Hui then dispatched his heir apparent Murong Huang along with the Tuoba and the Duan tribes. Murong Hui entered as the right wing, Murong Ren was left wing. Qidegui guarded the Xar Moron River. Yuwen Qidegui's nephew Yuwen Xibaxiong resisted Murong Ren. Murong Ren killed Yuwen Xibaxiong, while winning attacks against Yuwen Qidegui with Murong Huang, breaking Yuwen Qidegui's forces. Yuwen Qidegui abandoned his armed force to run away, Murong Huang and Murong Ren entered his territory and sent troops to pursue Yuwen Qidegui. In 333 he was killed by Yuwen Yidougui, who succeeded him as chieftain of the Yuwen.

Xar Moron River
The Xar Moron river (Mongolian: Shar mörön Шар мөрөн, "Yellow River"; Chinese: 西拉木伦河, 西拉沐沦河, or 西拉沐伦河; pinyin: Xilamulun) is a river in Inner Mongolia, in northeast China. It flows through the grasslands of that region, forming a valley that is hospitable to both farming and herding. The valley was once home to the Khitan people.

The Xar Moron is the source of the Xiliao River (西辽河), which in turn is one of the headwaters of the Liao River.

The musical instrument Xiqin (奚琴), the ancestor of China's huqin family of bowed string instruments, is believed to have originated here with the Khitans, who were formerly called Xi (奚) by the Chinese.

43°25′58″N 120°46′39″E﻿ / ﻿43.432800°N 120.777600°E﻿ / 43.432800; 120.777600