hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Shalit Riqueti
Joseph Shalit ben Eliezer Riqueti (Richetti) was a Jewish-Italian scholar born at Safed, and who lived in the second half of the 17th century at Verona, where he directed a Talmudic school. He was the author of Ḥokmat ha-Mishkan or Iggeret Meleket ha-Mishkan (Mantua, 1676), on the construction of the First Temple. He also published a map of Palestine which Zunz supposes to have been prepared as one of the illustrations of a Passover Haggadah.

Besides his own works Joseph edited Ḥibbur Ma'asiyyot (Venice, 1646), a collection of moral tales, and Gershon ben Asher's Yiḥus ha-Ẓaddiḳim, to which he added notes of his own (Mantua, 1676). He is possibly the earliest author to mention the Midrash ha-Gadol, although it is not clear whether he was referring to the Yemenite work currently known by that title.

Haggadah
The Haggadah (Hebrew: הַגָּדָה, "telling"; plural: Haggadot) is a foundational Jewish text that sets forth the order of the Passover Seder. According to Jewish practice, reading the Haggadah at the Seder table fulfills the mitzvah incumbent on every Jew to recount the Egyptian Exodus story to their children on the first night of Passover.
Test theory
In experimental physics, a test theory tells experimenters how to perform particular comparisons between specific theories or classes of theory.

Without a good reference test theory, these experiments can be difficult to construct. Different theories often define relationships and parameters in different, often incompatible, ways. Sometimes, physical theories and models that nominally produce significantly diverging predictions can be found to produce very similar, even identical, predictions, once definitional differences are taken into account.

A good test theory should identify potential sources of definitional bias in the way that experiments are constructed. It should also be able to deal with a wide range of possible objections to experimental tests based upon it. Discovery that a test theory has serious omissions can undermine the validity of experimental work that is designed according to that theory.

Divergence
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the rate that the vector field alters the volume in an infinitesimal neighborhood of each point. (In 2D this "volume" refers to area.) More precisely, the divergence at a point is the rate that the flow of the vector field modifies a volume about the point in the limit, as a small volume shrinks down to the point.

As an example, consider air as it is heated or cooled. The velocity of the air at each point defines a vector field. While air is heated in a region, it expands in all directions, and thus the velocity field points outward from that region. The divergence of the velocity field in that region would thus have a positive value. While the air is cooled and thus contracting, the divergence of the velocity has a negative value.
Mansura, Hama
Mansura (Arabic: المنصورة, romanized: al-Manṣūrah), also spelt Mansoura, is a Syrian village located in Al-Ziyarah Nahiyah in Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), it had a population of 770 in the 2004 census.

Al-Ziyarah Subdistrict
Al-Ziyarah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية الزيارة) is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Ziyarah Subdistrict had a population of 38,872 in the 2004 census. By July of 2023, the subdistrict's population had declined to 4,699 as a consequence of the Syrian Civil War. The subdistrict is named after the town of al-Ziyarah, and its biggest town is Qastun.
Waldron Baily
Dykeman Waldron Baily (July 1, 1871 - 1953) was a businessman and writer. His novel The Heart of the Blue Ridge was adapted into a silent film. Baily established Baily Manufacturing Company, a locust wood pin and cross arm manufacturing business in Elkin, North Carolina. He also owned the Baily Chair Company. Many of his books are set in North Carolina locations including Bogue Banks, North Carolina's Piedmont region and Wilkes County, North Carolina.

Baily was born in Mount Kisco, New York. He served as mayor of Elkin.

Elkin, North Carolina
Elkin is a town in Surry and Wilkes counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina, along the Yadkin River. Elkin shares its name with the surrounding township of Elkin Township. The population was 4,122 at the time of the 2020 census.
Duparquetia
Duparquetia orchidacea is a liana which is native to tropical west Africa.  It is the only species in the subfamily Duparquetioideae. It is found in humid tropical forests in West and Central Africa. It is a basal member of the Fabaceae, as evidenced by the distinctive structure of its flowers and wood, and phylogenetic studies.

Liana
A liana (/liˈænə/ lee-ANN-ə, also /-ɑːnə/ -⁠AH-nə) is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth—much like tree or shrub. It comes from standard French liane, itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning 'to sheave'.
Comita of Gallura
Comita Spanu was the Giudice/King of Gallura, in Sardinia, from 1133 to 1146. He was the son and successor of Constantine II.

Around 1130, Comita, like Gonario II of Torres and Constantine I of Arborea, did homage to the archdiocese of Pisa. On 26 June 1132, Comita was at the judicial palace of Logudoro at Ardara to do homage to Roger, Archbishop of Pisa. This last act helped establish the supremacy of Logudoro by its strong relationship to the Pisan see.

Comita had five children:

Constantine, acting judge of Arborea (1199), married Susanna daughter of Barisone II of Arborea

Maria (died c. 1173)

Comita (died after 1185)

Elena (died c. 1159)

Furat

Ardara, Sardinia
Ardara (Sardinian: Àldara) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the region Sardinia in Italy, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) north of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Sassari. It has a population of 702.

It was one of the capitals of Giudicato di Torres. The village houses the ruins of the Castle of the Giudicato of Torres (11th century), the medieval walls, and the Romanesque Basilica of Santa Maria del Regno.

Ardara borders the municipalities of Chiaramonti, Mores, Ozieri, Ploaghe and Siligo.
Herman Perry
Herman Perry (May 16, 1922 – March 15, 1945) was an African-American U.S. Army soldier during World War II, who deserted after fragging an unarmed white lieutenant attempting to arrest him. After being sentenced to death, he escaped custody, and a manhunt was launched while he lived in the jungle. Perry was eventually recaptured once more and court-martialed. He was hanged for murder and desertion, making him the only American soldier to be executed in the China Burma India Theater during World War II.

Desertion
Desertion is the abandonment of a military duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning. This contrasts with unauthorized absence (UA) or absence without leave (AWOL /ˈeɪwɒl/), which are temporary forms of absence.
Ramani (surname)
Ramani (Hindi: रमानी) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Balabhadrapatruni Ramani (1965), Indian litterateur, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, dialogue writer, and film critic

Giuseppe Ramani (1922–1973), Italian rower

K. Ramani (1916–2006), Indian politician

P. S. Ramani (1938), Indian neurosurgeon and writer

Priya Ramani, Indian journalist, writer, and editor

Radhakrishna Ramani (1901–1970), Malaysian lawyer

Raja V. Ramani, Indian-American scientist

Roja Ramani (born 1959), Indian actress

Sheila Ramani (1932–2015), Indian film actress

Priya Ramani
Priya Ramani is an Indian journalist, writer, and editor. In October 2018, during the Me Too movement in India, Ramani alleged sexual harassment against now-former Minister of State for External Affairs M.J. Akbar, and in February 2021, Ramani was acquitted in the criminal defamation case Akbar had filed against her. In October 2020, Ramani co-created the India Love Project on Instagram.
Martin XO-4
The Martin XO-4 (Model 71) was a proposed observation aircraft designed by the Glenn L. Martin Company.  It was designed to compete with the Curtiss XO-1, Douglas XO-2, and Dayton-Wright XO-3, and was to be powered by a Wright T-3 Tornado or a Liberty V-1650.  Although it failed to receive a contract from the United States Navy, a single prototype (allocated the serial number 23-1255) was ordered by the United States Army Air Service, but this contract was canceled before the prototype could be built.

United States military aircraft serial numbers
In the United States, all military aircraft display a serial number to identify individual aircraft. These numbers are located on the aircraft tail, so they are sometimes referred to unofficially as "tail numbers". On the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit bomber, lacking a tail, the number appears on the nose gear door. Individual agencies have each evolved their own system of serial number identification.  Aircraft serials are part of the Aircraft Visual Identification System, which also includes the aircraft's tail code and Modex.
Karera Wildlife Sanctuary
Karera Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife Sanctuary in the Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Established in 1981 to protect a population of the Great Indian bustard in the region, it is now in the process of being denotified due to opposition by the local people and the extinction of the bird locally. The tour guide Frommer's included it as 231st in a list of 500 places to see before they disappear.

Shivpuri district
Shivpuri district (Hindi pronunciation: [ʃɪʋpʊɾiː]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of India. The town of Shivpuri is the district headquarters. National Highway 3 (NH-3) runs through the district.
Methuen Cove
Methuen Cove (60°46′S 44°33′W﻿ / ﻿60.767°S 44.550°W﻿ / -60.767; -44.550) is a cove between Cape Anderson and Cape Whitson on the south coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. It was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it after H. Methuen, the expedition's accountant.

Cape Anderson
Cape Anderson (60°46′S 44°35′W﻿ / ﻿60.767°S 44.583°W﻿ / -60.767; -44.583) is a cape which marks the east side of the entrance to Mill Cove on the south coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands. Charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, who named it for his secretary, Nan Anderson.
Paul Ginisty
Paul Ginisty (4 April 1855 – 5 March 1932) was a French writer, columnist and journalist.

A regular columnist at Gil Blas, he met Guy de Maupassant who would dedicate him his short story Mon oncle Sosthène. From 1896 to 1906, he was theatre manager for the Théâtre de l'Odéon, then became an inspector of monuments historiques.

Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe
The Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe (French pronunciation: [ɔdeɔ̃ teɑtʁ d(ə) løʁɔp]; "European Music Hall"; formerly the Théâtre de l'Odéon [teɑtʁ d(ə) lɔdeɔ̃]; "Music Hall")  is one of France's six national theatres. It is located at 2 rue Corneille in the 6th arrondissement of Paris on the left bank of the Seine, next to the Luxembourg Garden and the Luxembourg Palace, which houses the Senate.
Solothurn railway station
Solothurn railway station (Alemannic German: Bahnhof Solothurn) serves the municipality of Solothurn, the capital city of the Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. Solothurn is a major railway junction and is served by six railway lines.

Canton of Solothurn
The canton of Solothurn or canton of Soleure (German: Kanton Solothurn; Romansh: Chantun Soloturn; French: Canton de Soleure; Italian: Canton Soletta) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the northwest of Switzerland. The capital is Solothurn.
Mercadante
Mercadante is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aloizio Mercadante (born 1954), Brazilian economist and politician

Antonio Mercadante (1962–2018), Italian art historian and critic

Lorenzo Mercadante (fl. 15th century), French sculptor

Rafael Mercadante (born 1973), Mexican television host

Saverio Mercadante (1795–1870), Italian opera composer

Rafael Mercadante
Rafael Mercadante Mena (born Mexico Federal District, 15 May 1973) is an actor, television host, singer and radio DJ who has worked in both Mexico and the United States. In the 1990s he was cast in soap operas such as El Manantial and El Privilegio de Amar, as well performing in films and plays. He later went on to host several television programs, and in 2007, won an Emmy Award after hosting "El Desfile de las Rosas" (The Rose Parade) for Univision, in Los Angeles, California.

From 2000 –  2002, he presented a Mexican radio program, La Pijama, and has also produced three albums, with songs in the Norteño and Duranguense genres. In 2003, he joined the U.S. Spanish-language television network as a host and producer where he was nominated for a "Revelacion Juvenil" (Young Revelation ) Award in the TVyNovelas Awards.
Jennings Motor Group
Jennings Motor Group  was a group of car dealerships in the north east of North East England. It represented several car manufacturers including Ford, Kia, Mazda, Mitsubishi and SEAT, as well as Harley-Davidson. The company was based in Washington, Tyne and Wear, with dealerships in Gateshead, Middlesbrough, South Shields, Sunderland, and Stockton on Tees. It remained a Limited company for over 100 years until it was taken over by Lookers in 2018.

Washington, Tyne and Wear
Washington is a town in the Sunderland district, in Tyne and Wear, England. Historically part of County Durham, it is the ancestral settlement of the local Washington family, from which the first President of the United States George Washington descended. It has a population of 67,085.

It is located between Chester-le-Street, Gateshead and South Tyneside. Washington was designated a new town in 1964. It became part of Tyne and Wear in 1974. The town has expanded dramatically since its designation; new villages were created and areas were reassigned from Chester-le-Street, to offer housing and employment to those moving from adjoining areas and further afield. At the 2011 census, Washington had a population of 67,085, compared to 53,388 in 2001.
Texas Lutheran Bulldogs football
The Texas Lutheran Bulldogs football team represents Texas Lutheran University, located in Seguin, Texas, in NCAA Division III college football.

The Bulldogs, who began playing football in 1912, compete as members of the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference.

Texas Lutheran claims two back-to-back national championships in football for the 1974 and 1975 seasons in the NAIA Division II Football National Championship. Both seasons were coached under legendary head coach Jim Wacker, who later went on to be a head coach at North Dakota State University (1976–1978), Southwest Texas State University, which is now Texas State University (1979–1982), Texas Christian University (1983–1991), and the University of Minnesota (1992–1996).

NAIA Division II football national championship
The NAIA Division II football national championship was a postseason playoff system featuring the best NAIA Division II college football teams in the United States. It was played annually between 1970 and 1996 when NAIA football play was divided into two divisions based on school enrollment size; the NAIA Division I football national championship was played separately. It was typically held at the home field of the higher-seeded team. The championship was discontinued in 1997 after the two divisions were consolidated once again. The singular NAIA football national championship has been held every year since.

Westminster (PA) was the most successful team at the Division II level, winning the national title six times.
Kevin Cullen (doctor)
Kevin John Cullen, AM (22 November 1922 – 9 February 1994) was an Australian medical doctor, researcher, and winemaker, active in Western Australia's South West. He is best known for his role in founding the Busselton Health Study and Cullen Wines.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Asanthus squamulosus
Asanthus squamulosus is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, San Luis Potosí), and the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico). Common name is Mule Mountain false brickellbush.

Asanthus squamulosus is a branching shrub up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. Flower heads have whitish disc florets but no ray florets. It grows in flats, creekbanks, and gravelly areas, often in pine-oak woodlands.

San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí.

It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, Rioverde, and Tamazunchale.
Nergaard Peak
Nergaard Peak (Norwegian: Nergaardnuten) (72°0′S 9°27′E﻿ / ﻿72.000°S 9.450°E﻿ / -72.000; 9.450) is a peak (2,475 m) located 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of Niels Peak (Nielsnapen) in the Gagarin Mountains of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos and surveys by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. Both Nergaard Peak and Niels Peak are named for Niels Nergaard, a scientific assistant with the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–58. Both names were proposed in 1967 by the Norwegian philologist Per Hovda (1908–1997).

Gagarin Mountains
The Gagarin Mountains (Russian: Khrebet Yuriya Gagarina; Norwegian: Kurzefjella) are a linear group of mountains, trending in a north–south direction for 10 miles (16 km) between the Kurze Mountains and the Conrad Mountains of the Orvin Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica.
George Stephenson (rugby union)
George Vaughan Stephenson (22 December 1901 – 6 August 1970) born in Dromore, County Down, was an Irish rugby union player and doctor. Stephenson played club rugby for Queens University, North of Ireland, Middlesex, the London Hospital, Haileybury College, London Irish and Barbarians and international rugby for Ireland, winning forty two caps and holding multiple rugby records

Dromore, County Down
Dromore (from Irish Droim Mór, meaning 'large ridge') is a small market town and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies within the local government district of Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon. It is 19 miles (31 km) southwest of Belfast, on the A1 Belfast–Dublin road. The 2021 census recorded a population of 6,492.

The town's centre is Market Square, which has a rare set of stocks. It is in the old linen manufacturing district. Dromore has the remains of a castle and earthworks, although these have modern buildings surrounding them, a large motte and bailey or encampment (known locally as "the Mound"), and an earlier earthwork known as the Priest's Mount on the Maypole Hill.
Gwent Police
Gwent Police (Welsh: Heddlu Gwent) is a territorial police force in Wales, responsible for policing the local authority areas of Blaenau Gwent, Caerphilly, Monmouthshire, Newport and Torfaen.

The force was formed in 1967 by the amalgamation of Monmouthshire Constabulary and Newport Borough Police. In 1974 its area was realigned to cover the new administrative county of Gwent, and in 1996, it was expanded again to cover the former Rhymney Valley district area that had become part of the Caerphilly county borough.

As of March 2020, the force has 1,308 police officers, 70 special constables, 115 police community support officers (PCSO), 40 police support volunteers (PSV), and 647 staff.

Territorial police force
A territorial police force is a police service that is responsible for an area defined by sub-national boundaries, distinguished from other police services which deal with the entire country or a type of crime. In countries organized as federations, police responsible for individual sub-national jurisdictions are typically called state or provincial police.
Nobliny
Nobliny [nɔˈblinɨ] (German: Neblin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borne Sulinowo, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Borne Sulinowo, 26 km (16 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, and 122 km (76 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. It is situated on the northern shore of Niewlino Lake.

Szczecinek County
Szczecinek County (Polish: powiat szczecinecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Szczecinek, which lies 143 kilometres (89 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains three other towns: Borne Sulinowo, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, Barwice, 23 km (14 mi) west of Szczecinek, and Biały Bór, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Szczecinek.

The county covers an area of 1,765.22 square kilometres (681.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 77,232, out of which the population of Szczecinek is 38,756, that of Borne Sulinowo is 4,224, that of Barwice is 3,838, that of Biały Bór is 2,127, and the rural population is 28,287.
Kombai dog
The Kombai or Polygar dog is a breed of working dog native to Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Traditionally kept for guarding and protection, they have a reputation for making excellent guard dogs. They were also occasionally used for hunting big game.The Kombai is an extremely rare and prized breed,and efforts are underway to increase the population of this breed. These efforts are showing signs of success, because of the various Kombai breeders along southern India who have helped to preserve this breed.

Working dog
A working dog is a dog used to perform practical tasks, as opposed to pet or companion dogs.

Definitions vary on what a working dog is, they are sometimes described as any dog trained for and employed in meaningful work; other times as any dog whose breed heritage or physical characteristics lend itself to working irrespective of an individual animal's training or employment; and other times again it is used as a synonym for herding dog.
North Wing Design
North Wing Design is an American aircraft manufacturer, specializing in hang gliders, light-sport aircraft and ultralight trikes. The company was based in East Wenatchee, Washington and later moved to Chelan, Washington.

The company makes its own sails and wings, and supplies more wings to other North American trike manufacturers, such as Wettrike, than any other manufacturer.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.