hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ken Novack
Ken Novack, a graduate of Dartmouth College and Harvard Law School, is an American lawyer who currently sits on the board of BBN Technologies and is a special advisor to General Catalyst Partners.  From 1998 until 2003, he served as Vice Chairman for America Online and then Time-Warner after the two companies merged.  Early in his career, from 1966 to 1998, Novack served as an attorney with the firm of Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky, and Popeo, PC ("Mintz").  Recently, however, Novack rejoined Mintz as Senior Counsel.

Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky, and Popeo
Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. (commonly referred to as "Mintz Levin" or simply "Mintz") is an American multinational general practice, full service law firm employing approximately 600 attorneys worldwide. Its headquarters are located at One Financial Center in the Financial District of Boston. The firm also has offices in Los Angeles, New York City, Miami, San Diego, San Francisco, Washington D.C., and Toronto. It was founded in 1933 by Haskell Cohn and Benjamin Levin. The firm's current managing member is Robert I. Bodian.
Amiiformes
The Amiiformes /ˈæmi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/ order of fish has only two extant species, the bowfins: Amia calva and Amia ocellicauda, the latter recognized as a separate species in 2022. These Amiiformes are found in the freshwater systems of North America, in the United States and parts of southern Canada. They live in freshwater streams, rivers, and  swamps. The order first appeared in the Triassic, and the extinct members include both marine and freshwater species, many of which are morphologically disparate from bowfins, such as the caturids.

Amiidae
The Amiidae are a family of basal ray-finned fishes. The bowfin and the eyespot bowfin (Amia ocellicauda) are the only two species to survive today, although additional species in all four subfamilies of Amiidae are known from Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Eocene fossils.

Bowfins are now found throughout eastern North America, typically in slow-moving backwaters, canals, and ox-bow lakes.  When the oxygen level is low (as often happens in still waters), the bowfin can rise to the surface and gulp air into its swim bladder, which is lined with blood vessels and can serve as a primitive lung.

Amiidae is a monophyletic group that has numerous synapomorphic characters. Amiidae were widespread and particularly rich in species during the Eocene era. During this era, they appeared to be confined almost exclusively to fresh water.
Fairburn, New Zealand
Fairburn is a hamlet east of Kaitaia, in the Northland Region of New Zealand.

The Fairburn-Kaiaka Hall is a community hall in Fairburn, built in 1910. Fairburn Cemetery is run by the community.

Fairburn School was an educational institute that ran from 1889 to 1947. The school registers were given to Kaitaia Primary School after the closing. The Fairburn Schoolhouse was a schoolhouse built in at least 1919 and closed in 1945.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
PNI Digital Media
PNI Digital Media, Inc. is a company that operates an enterprise-class e-commerce platform which allows retailers to provide print-on-demand personalized products and services to their customers. Retailers who license the PNI platform use PNI's software to offer photo prints, photo gift merchandise, small business marketing products, document printing services and other print-on-demand merchandise.

Large companies such as Costco, Sam’s Club, and Staples use PNI Digital Media’s software platform to allow customers to create and order personalized products, including photo prints, photo books, canvas prints, photo calendars, greeting cards, invitations, business cards, signage, and documents.

Photographic printing
Photographic printing is the process of producing a final image on paper for viewing, using chemically sensitized paper. The paper is exposed to a photographic negative, a positive transparency (or slide), or a digital image file projected using an enlarger or digital exposure unit such as a LightJet or Minilab printer. Alternatively, the negative or transparency may be placed atop the paper and directly exposed, creating a contact print. Digital photographs are commonly printed on plain paper, for example by a color printer, but this is not considered "photographic printing".

Following exposure, the paper is processed to reveal and make permanent the latent image.
Mazara Nauabad
Mazara Nauabad or Mazara Nau Abad is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) away from Banga, 15.8 kilometres (9.8 mi) from Apra, 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 108 kilometres (67 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Banga, India
Banga is a town and Municipal council in the Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab, India. Banga is also one of the sub-division (tehsil) headquarters of the district. Banga is located on Phagwara-Rupnagar section of National Highway 344A (Earlier State Highway 18 of Punjab). It is currently estimated to have a population of about 23,000 and is classified as a class 2 Municipality. The town also incorporates the former village of Jindowal apart from Banga town.
Ruda Lubycka
Ruda Lubycka [ˈruda luˈbɨt͡ska] is a colony in the administrative district of Gmina Lubycza Królewska, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
The Megantic Outlaw
The Megantic Outlaw is a Canadian historical drama television film, directed by Ron Kelly and broadcast by CBC Television in 1971. The film is a portrait of Donald Morrison, a man from Lac-Mégantic who became an outlaw in 1887 when he tried to defend his parents from being evicted from their home by an unscrupulous landowner.

The cast includes Gary McKeehan as Donald Morrison, Sydney Brown and Jane Mallett as his parents, Carole Lazare as his fiancée, and Lloyd Bochner as police inspector Carpenter.

The film was shot in various historic and rural areas around Toronto in 1970, including Todmorden Mills, Black Creek Pioneer Village and the village of Brougham.

The film won two Canadian Film Awards at the 23rd Canadian Film Awards, for Best TV Drama and Best Actress (Non-Feature) (Lazare).

The Village at Black Creek
The Village at Black Creek, previously Black Creek Pioneer Village, and before that Dalziel Pioneer Park, is an open-air heritage museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The village is located in the North York district of Toronto, just west of York University and southeast of the Jane and Steeles intersection. It overlooks Black Creek, a tributary of the Humber River. The village is a recreation of life in 19th-century Ontario and gives an idea how rural Ontario might have looked in the early-to-mid-19th century. The village is a regular destination for field trips by schoolchildren from the Greater Toronto Area. It was opened in 1960 and is operated by the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.

Napier Simpson, a restoration architect in Ontario devoted his professional life to raising public awareness of the importance of heritage conservation including the Black Creek Pioneer Village project.
Animal fancy
Animal fancy is a hobby involving the appreciation, promotion, or breeding of pet or domestic animals.

Fancy may include ownership, showing, animal sports and other competitions, and breeding. Hobbyists may simply collect specimens of the animal in appropriate enclosures (vivaria), such as an aquarium, terrarium, or aviary. Some fanciers keep hobby farms, or menageries (private zoos). There are many animal fancy clubs and associations in the world, which cater to everything from pigeons to Irish Wolfhounds. Fanciers and fancierdom may collectively be referred to as the fancy for that kind of animal, e.g. the cat fancy.

Animal fancy includes the keeping of animals considered exotic pets; a rapidly growing example is herpetoculture, the keeping of reptiles and amphibians.

Hobby farm
A hobby farm (also called a lifestyle block, acreage living, or rural residential) is a smallholding or small farm that is maintained without expectation of being a primary source of income. Some are held simply to bring homeowners closer to nature, to provide recreational land for horses, or as working farms for secondary income.
Good News Week
Good News Week is an Australian satirical panel game show hosted by Paul McDermott that aired from 19 April 1996 to 27 May 2000, and 11 February 2008 to 28 April 2012. The show's initial run aired on ABC until being bought by Network Ten in 1999. The show was revived for its second run when the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike caused many of Network Ten's imported US programs to cease production.

Good News Week drew its comedy and satire from recent news stories, political figures, media organisations, and often, aspects of the show itself. The show opened with a monologue by McDermott relating to recent headlines, after which two teams of three panellists competed in recurring segments to gain points.

The show has spawned three short-lived spin-off series, the ABC's Good News Weekend (1998), Ten's GNW Night Lite (1999) and Ten's skit-based Good News World (2011).

Self-referential humor
Self-referential humor, also known as self-reflexive humor, self-aware humor, or meta humor, is a type of comedic expression that—either directed toward some other subject, or openly directed toward itself—is self-referential in some way, intentionally alluding to the very person who is expressing the humor in a comedic fashion, or to some specific aspect of that same comedic expression. Here, meta is used to describe that the joke explicitly talks about other jokes, a usage similar to the words metadata (data about data), metatheatrics (a play within a play as in Hamlet) and metafiction. Self-referential humor expressed discreetly and surrealistically is a form of bathos. In general, self-referential humor often uses hypocrisy, oxymoron, or paradox to create a contradictory or otherwise absurd situation that is humorous to the audience.
Xystrosoma santllorence
Xystrosoma santllorence is a species of millipede in the family Chamaesomatidae. This millipede is notable as one of only a few species in the order Chordeumatida with only 26 segments in adults (counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last), four fewer than the 30 segments typically found in adults this order. This species is found in Spain.

Paratype
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). Often there is more than one paratype. Paratypes are usually held in museum research collections.

The exact meaning of the term paratype when it is used in zoology is not the same as the meaning when it is used in botany. In both cases however, this term is used in conjunction with holotype.
Yarim Tepe (Iran)
Yarim Tepe (Persian: یاریم‌تپه) is a Neolithic settlement in the eastern Gorgan Plain, Golestan province, Iran. It is located near Gonbad-e Kavus. This ancient settlement played a big role in establishing the cultural chronology of the Neolithic period in Central Asia.

Golestan province
Golestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.

Golestan province borders Turkmenistan to the north. One of the key border points between the two countries is Incheh Borun, which serves as a vital crossing point.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.
Všeobecná Úverová Banka
Všeobecná úverová banka, a.s. (abbreviated as “VUB“ or “The Bank“) is a retail and commercial bank domiciled in Slovakia with its registered office at Mlynske Nivy 1, Bratislava.  The Italian banking group Intesa Sanpaolo is the majority shareholder of VUB, holding a 96.97% stake.

The bank was acquired by the predecessor of Intesa Sanpaolo, Banca Intesa in 2001.

As of 31 December 2013, the bank had a network of 244 points of sale (including Retail Branches, Corporate Branches, and Mortgage Centres across Slovakia. The Bank has also one branch in the Czech Republic.

Banca Intesa
Banca Intesa S.p.A. was an Italian banking group, formed in 1998 by merger of Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde (Cariplo) and Banco Ambrosiano Veneto. The next year, the banking group merged with Banca Commerciale Italiana to become IntesaBCi, but the name of the group was reverted to Banca Intesa in 2003.

In 2007, Banca Intesa merged with another banking group Sanpaolo IMI to become Intesa Sanpaolo.
Lower Zakum oil field
24°51′11″N 53°39′43″E﻿ / ﻿24.8530°N 53.6620°E﻿ / 24.8530; 53.6620

The Lower Zakum Oil Field is the lower horizons of the Zakum oil field 84 km north west of Abu Dhabi Islands. 
The upper reservoir horizons are known as Upper Zakum oil field.

It was discovered in 1963 and developed by Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. 
The oil field is  owned by Abu Dhabi National Oil Company and operated by ADNOC Offshore.

The 40% foreign interest is split between Japan's INPEX (Lead partner - 10%), the Chinese CNPC (10%), India's ONGC Videsh (10%), Italy's ENI (5%) and France's Total 5%.

The total proven reserves of the Lower Zakum oil field are around 17.2 billion barrels (2.42 billion tonnes), and production is centered on 425,000 barrels per day (67,600 m3/d).

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Battle of Varvarin
The Battle of Varvarin (Serbian Cyrillic: Варваринска битка) was fought on 5 September 1810 between Serbian Revolutionary forces supported by Russian troops and Ottoman forces near Varvarin, at the time part of the Ottoman Empire, (today Serbia). During the 10-hour battle, the Turkish army unsuccessfully attacked the Russians and Serbs, but was never able to push them out of their positions, retreating in the evening with heavy casualties.

Varvarin
Varvarin (Serbian Cyrillic: Варварин, pronounced [ʋarʋǎriːn]) is a town and municipality located in the Rasina District of central Serbia. Population of the town is 1,805, and population of the municipality is 14,217 (2022 census).
Karin Randoja
Karin Randoja is a Canadian theatre director and dramaturge. A partner with Anna Chatterton and Evalyn Parry in the theatre collective Independent Aunties, she is most noted for her work on the play Gertrude and Alice, which was a shortlisted finalist for the Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding New Play in 2016 and for the Governor General's Award for English-language drama at the 2018 Governor General's Awards.

Dora Mavor Moore Award for Best Original Play (General Theatre)
The Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding New Play is an annual award celebrating achievements in Toronto theatre.

For most of the Dora Awards' history, separate awards have been presented for best play and Best Original Musical. For part of the 1990s, however, the two awards were merged with both musicals and dialogue-based plays competing in a single category. From 1980 to 1988, only a single award was presented each year; beginning in 1988, a separate award was introduced for Outstanding New Play, Small/Independent Theatre.
Kangavar
Kangavar (Persian: كنگاور) is a city in the Central District of Kangavar County, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Kangavar is in the easternmost part of Kermanshah province, on the modern road from Hamadan to Kermanshah, identical with a trace of the Silk Road, located at the distance of about 75 km from Hamadan and 96 km from Kermanshah.

Isidore of Charax
Isidore of Charax (/ˈɪzɪˌdɔːr/; Ancient Greek: Ἰσίδωρος ὁ Χαρακηνός, Isídōros o Charakēnós; Latin: Isidorus Characenus) was a Greek geographer of the 1st century BC and 1st century AD, a citizen of the Parthian Empire, about whom nothing is known but his name and that he wrote at least one work.
Ratnasingham Shivaji
Ratnasingham Shivaji is an American mathematician, focusing on applied mathematics and mathematical biology, currently the H. Barton Excellence Professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro and formerly a W. L. Giles Distinguished Professor at Mississippi State University.

Shivaji completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, in 1977, graduating with a First-Class degree.

He was included in the 2019 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society "for contributions to the theory of semipositone elliptic questions applied to reaction-diffusion systems, for mentoring, and for providing leadership for the inception of a doctoral program in mathematics".

University of Peradeniya
The University of Peradeniya (Sinhala: පේරාදෙණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, Tamil: பேராதனைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்) is a public university in Sri Lanka, funded by the University Grants Commission. It is the largest university in Sri Lanka, which was originally established as the University of Ceylon in 1942. The university was officially opened on 20 April 1954, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II, by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

The University of Peradeniya hosts nine faculties, four postgraduate institutes (including the newly added Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences), 20 centres and units, 73 departments, and teaches about 12,000 students in the fields of Medicine, Agriculture, Arts, Science, Engineering, Dental Sciences, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Management, and Allied Health Sciences. It claims to have the largest government endowment by a higher education institution in Sri Lanka, based on its large staff and faculties/departments.
Wastegate
A wastegate is a valve that controls the flow of exhaust gases to the turbine wheel in a turbocharged engine system.

Diversion of exhaust gases regulates the turbine speed, which in turn regulates the rotating speed of the compressor. The primary function of the wastegate is to regulate the maximum boost pressure in turbocharger systems, to protect the engine and the turbocharger. One advantage of installing a remote mount wastegate to a free-float (or non-wastegate) turbo includes an allowance for a smaller area over radius (A/R) turbine housing, resulting in less lag time before the turbo begins to spool and create boost. One of the earliest usage of a modern wastegate was in the Saab 99 Turbo 1978, presented in 1977.

Compressor
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.

Many compressors can be staged, that is, the gas is compressed several times in steps or stages, to increase discharge pressure. Often, the second stage is physically smaller than the primary stage, to accommodate the already compressed gas without reducing its pressure. Each stage further compresses the gas and increases its pressure and also temperature (if inter cooling between stages is not used).
Bellarmine Knights
The Bellarmine Knights are the teams representing Bellarmine University, located in Louisville, Kentucky, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the NCAA Division I ranks, primarily competing in the Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) for most sports, as of the 2020–21 academic year. The Knights previously competed in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) of the NCAA Division II ranks from 1978–79 to 2019–20.

Sprint football
Sprint football is a varsity sport played by United States colleges and universities, under standard American football rules. Participating institutions are members of either the Collegiate Sprint Football League (founded 1934) or the Midwest Sprint Football League (founded 2022).

In sprint football, players must weigh less than 178 lb (81 kg) and have a minimum of 5% body fat to be eligible to play. The end result of these weight restrictions is an emphasis on speed and agility rather than on size and strength.
Pacific Wings
Pacific Wings Airline was an American commuter airline headquartered in Mesa, Arizona, United States in Greater Phoenix. The airline operated flights under the brands New Mexico Airlines in New Mexico, GeorgiaSkies in Georgia, TennesseeSkies in Tennessee, and KentuckySkies in Kentucky, as well as under the Pacific Wings name in Hawaii. The airline was closed in 2014.

United States Department of Transportation
The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT or DOT) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is headed by the secretary of transportation, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

The department's fiscal year 2022–2026 strategic plan states that its mission is "to deliver the world's leading transportation system, serving the American people and economy through the safe, efficient, sustainable, and equitable movement of people and goods."