hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Verbascum phoeniceum
Verbascum phoeniceum, known as purple mullein, is a species of mullein that is part of the family Scrophulariaceae native to Central Europe, Central Asia and Western China. It is also naturalized in certain regions of the US and Canada. It successfully grows in USDA’s zones 4 to 8. It is a short-lived perennial species, and blooms earlier than other mullein species on average, producing vibrant purple-pink flowers; it can grow up to 1m or more.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Dead Beautiful
Dead Beautiful is a young adult urban fantasy novel by American author Yvonne Woon. The story follows Renée Winters, an orphan who is sent to a mysterious 
Gottfried academy. While enrolled, Renée discovers a series of enigmas, most surrounding her school, her boyfriend, and eventually herself. The novel was released to critical acclaim in 2010, with a sequel, Life Eternal, following in 2012.

Urban fantasy
Urban fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy, placing supernatural elements in a contemporary urban-affected setting. The combination provides the writer with a platform for classic fantasy tropes, quixotic plot-elements, and unusual characters—without demanding the creation of an entire imaginary world.

Precursors of urban fantasy are found in popular fiction of the 19th century and the present use of the term dates back to the 1970s. Much of its audience was established in the 1930s–50s with the success of light supernatural fare in film and, later, television. The genre's current publishing popularity began in 1980s North America, as writers and publishers were encouraged by the success of Stephen King and Anne Rice.
Sabbac
Sabbac is the name of four American comic book supervillains appearing in DC Comics. The original Sabbac debuted in Captain Marvel Jr. #4 (February 1943), and was created by Otto Binder and Al Carreno as an enemy of Captain Marvel Jr., while an updated version debuted in Outsiders #8 (March 2004), and was created by Judd Winick and Tom Raney as a nemesis for both Junior and the Outsiders superhero team. Another version, created by Bagdon cultists, debuted in Superman/Shazam: First Thunder #2 (December 2005) by Judd Winick and Joshua Middleton. A fourth version was introduced in Justice League #10 (August 2012), and was created by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank as an adversary for the Shazam Family and an associate of Black Adam and the Seven Deadly Enemies of Man.

Ishmael Gregor appeared in the television series Arrow, portrayed by David Meunier, and the DC Extended Universe film Black Adam, portrayed by Marwan Kenzari.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Roy (film)
Roy is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by debutant Vikramjit Singh and produced by Bhushan Kumar, Krishan Kumar, Divya Khosla Kumar and Ajay Kapoor under Freeway Pictures. It features Arjun Rampal and Jacqueline Fernandez in the lead roles with Ranbir Kapoor in the title role. Shernaz Patel, Rajit Kapur and Shibani Dandekar appear in supporting roles. Anupam Kher appears in a cameo. The film follows a film director struggling to find meaning in his work and personal life.

The film had its premiere in Dubai on 12 February 2015 and was released worldwide on 13 February 2015 to negative reviews for the film’s story, screenplay, direction and slow narration, but praised the performances (especially Rampal’s and Kapoor’s), cinematography, locations, soundtrack, and the film’s dramatic score.

Bhushan Kumar
Bhushan Kumar Dua (born 27 November 1977) is an Indian film producer and music producer. He is the chairman and managing director of Super Cassettes Industries Limited, also known as T-Series. He is known for his work in Bollywood.

On the Hurun India Rich List 2022, he and his family were ranked as the 175th richest Indian with a net worth of ₹10,000 crores (around US$1.2 billion).
Resonant-cavity-enhanced photo detector
Resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors, also known as RCE photodetectors, are sensors designed to detect light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation. They achieve this by utilizing an optical cavity—a configuration of mirrors or other optical elements that forms a cavity resonator for light waves, allowing for more efficient targeting of specific wavelengths.

In RCE photodetectors, the active device structure of a photodetector is placed inside a Fabry–Pérot interferometer. This interferometer has two parallel surfaces between which a selected wavelength of light can resonate, amplifying the optical field. While the active device structure of RCE detectors is similar to that of conventional photodetectors, the amplification effect of the optical cavity allows RCE photodetectors to be made thinner and therefore faster, while simultaneously increasing the quantum efficiency at the resonant wavelengths.

Free spectral range
Free spectral range (FSR) is the spacing in optical frequency or wavelength between two successive reflected or transmitted optical intensity maxima or minima of an interferometer or diffractive optical element.

The FSR is not always represented by  or , but instead is sometimes represented by just the letters FSR. The reason is that these different terms often refer to the bandwidth or linewidth of an emitted source respectively.
Vintry
Vintry is one of the 25 wards of the City of London. Located within it is the City end of Southwark Bridge and, adjacent to that, the hall of the Worshipful Company of Vintners, the City livery company for the wine trade.

The ward's boundary is formed by Cannon Street to the north, College Hill and Cousin Lane to the east, the River Thames to the south, and its western edge follows an unusual line along part of Little Trinity Lane, Lambeth Hill and Distaff Lane.

The Christopher Wren-designed church St James Garlickhythe is within Vintry ward, near Mansion House tube station. In medieval times, French wine and garlic were landed at the nearby Garlickhythe ('garlic dock'). This circumstance led to the church being part of the route for English pilgrims travelling to the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain, which is sacred to the memory of St James the Great.

The ward contained Whittington's Longhouse, a 128-seat public toilet gifted by Dick Whittington.

Cannon Street
Cannon Street is a road in the City of London, the historic nucleus of London and its modern financial centre. It runs roughly parallel with the River Thames, about 250 metres (820 ft) north of it, in the north of the City.

It is the site of the ancient London Stone and gave its name to Cannon Street station, a mainline railway terminus and connected London Underground station.
NGC 3977
NGC 3977 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 5,975±13 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 287.4 ± 20.1 Mly (88.13 ± 6.17 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 13 April 1784. It was also observed by Lewis Swift on 16 April 1885, causing this galaxy to be listed twice in the New General Catalogue, as both NGC 3977 and NGC 3980.

NGC 3977 along with NGC 3972 are listed together as Holm 304 in Erik Holmberg's A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems, published in 1937. This grouping is purely optical, as NGC 3977 is about four times farther away than NGC 3972.

The SIMBAD database lists NGC 3977 as a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus has an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.

Lewis A. Swift
Lewis A. Swift (February 29, 1820 – January 5, 1913) was an American astronomer who discovered 13 comets and 1,248 previously uncatalogued nebulae. Only William Herschel discovered more nebulae visually.
2010–11 Israeli Women's Cup
The 2010–11 Israeli Women's Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה נשים, Gvia HaMedina Nashim) was the 13th season of Israel's women's nationwide football cup competition.

The competition was won by ASA Tel Aviv University who had beaten Maccabi Holon 3–2 in the final.

Starting with this season, the IFA organized a league cup competition for the League’s second division. The winner of this cup was Hapoel Be’er Sheva, who had beaten Maccabi Kishronot Hadera B 7–1 in the final.

Maccabi Holon F.C. (women)
Maccabi Holon is an Israeli women's football club from Holon competing in the Israeli First League and the Israeli Women's Cup. Maccabi dominated Israeli women's football through much of the 2000s, winning six championships and seven cups between 2003 and 2010, including five doubles in a row. It has represented Israel in the UEFA Women's Cup in seven occasions. In recent years it has been surpassed by ASA Tel Aviv.
Djabugay language
Djabugay (or Djabuganjdji; see below for other names) is an endangered Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Djabugay people with 81 native speakers at the 2021 census. The Djabugay language region includes Far North Queensland, particularly around the Kuranda Range and Barron River catchment, and the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Cairns Regional Council.

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), established as the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (AIAS) in 1964, is an independent Australian Government statutory authority. It is a collecting, publishing, and research institute and is considered to be Australia's premier resource for information about the cultures and societies of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

The institute is a leader in ethical research and the handling of culturally sensitive material. The collection at AIATSIS has been built through over 50 years of research and engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and is now a source of language and culture revitalisation, native title research, and Indigenous family and community history. AIATSIS is located on Acton Peninsula in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
Hanseatic Cross
The Hanseatic Cross (German: Hanseatenkreuz) was a military decoration of the three Hanseatic city-states of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, who were members of the German Empire during World War I. Each republic established its own version of the cross, but the design and award criteria were similar for each.

Bremen (state)
Bremen (German: [ˈbʁeːmən] ⓘ), officially the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen; Low German: Free Hansestadt Bremen), is the smallest and least populous of Germany's 16 states. It is informally called Land Bremen ('State of Bremen'), although the term is sometimes used in official contexts. The state consists of the city of Bremen and its seaport exclave, Bremerhaven, surrounded by the larger state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany.
Raspuri
The 'Raspuri' mango is an extremely popular variety of mango in South Indian state of Karnataka especially grown in and around Bengaluru, Ramanagara, Kolar, Chikkaballapura, Tumakuru. This fruit is also known as sweet mango. It is also known as the Pairi mango in Maharashtra state.

Raspuri: Raspuri mango This is called the Queen Mango of India. It’s generally found in Old Mysore, Karnataka. This mango is very tasty - that’s why it’s generally called the "queen" mango.

Ramanagara
Ramanagara  is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is approximately 50 kilometres from Bengaluru.

The Bollywood movie Sholay was shot in 1975 at the surrounding hills of Ramanagara now called Ramagiri hills but also has nickname of Sholay hills. Also the 2022 Malayalam film Jana Gana Mana was also shot here.

The town was known as Shamsherabad or Ramserpuram at the ruling time of the Mysorean emperor, Tipu Sultan. It was called Closepet, after Sir Barry Close (1756–1813) in pre-independence times. This name is retained in geology. Then Rahim Nagar or Shamserabad was called Ramanagara. Ramanagara's name was based on the historical story of the Ramayana.
Exidia thuretiana
Exidia thuretiana (common name white brain) is a jelly fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. The fruit bodies are white and gelatinous with brain-like folds. It is a common, wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached or fallen branches of broadleaf trees, especially beech.

Jelly fungus
Jelly fungi are a paraphyletic group of several heterobasidiomycete fungal orders from different classes of the subphylum Agaricomycotina: Tremellales, Dacrymycetales, Auriculariales and Sebacinales.  These fungi are so named because their foliose, irregularly branched fruiting body is, or appears to be, the consistency of jelly.  Actually, many are somewhat rubbery and gelatinous. When dried, jelly fungi become hard and shriveled; when exposed to water, they return to their original form.

Many species of jelly fungi can be eaten raw; poisonous jelly fungi are rare [needs source] and may not even exist. However, many species have an unpalatable texture or taste. They may or may not be sought in mushroom hunting due to their taste, which is described as similar to that of soil. However, some species, Tremella fuciformis for example, are not only edible but prized for use in soup and vegetable dishes.
Jakob Butturff
Jakob Butturff (born April 28, 1994) is a left-handed American ten-pin bowler from Chandler, Arizona and a member of the Professional Bowlers Association. He competes in events on the PBA Tour and in global events as a member of Team USA. He has won eight national PBA Tour titles (including one major) and 27 PBA Regional Tour titles. Jakob also rolled the 28th of the PBA Tour's 35 televised 300 games.

Butturff is a pro staff member for the Ebonite division of Brunswick. He is also sponsored by Vise Grips.

Chandler, Arizona
Chandler is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, and a suburb in the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the fourth-most populous city in Arizona, after Phoenix, Tucson, and Mesa. Chandler is considered to be a part of the East Valley.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Chandler was 275,987, up from 236,123 at the 2010 census. Chandler is a commercial and tech hub for corporations like Intel, Northrop Grumman, Wells Fargo, PayPal and Boeing.
Tigriopus brevicornis
Tigriopus brevicornis is a coastal marine copepod. They are a dominant member of shallow supra tidal rock pools along the North Western European coastline. A broad range of studies have been carried out on this species, including: its ecology, physiology, phylogeography, metapopulation genetics, development and reproductive behaviour. T. brevicornis has also recently been used in ecotoxicology studies and has been trialled as a live feed for larvae in several aquaculture-based studies for the past 30 years.

Phylogeography
Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions of genealogical lineages. This is accomplished by considering the geographic distribution of individuals in light of genetics, particularly population genetics.

This term was introduced to describe geographically structured genetic signals within and among species. An explicit focus on a species' biogeography/biogeographical past sets phylogeography apart from classical population genetics and phylogenetics.

Past events that can be inferred include population expansion, population bottlenecks, vicariance, dispersal, and migration. Recently developed approaches integrating coalescent theory or the genealogical history of alleles and distributional information can more accurately address the relative roles of these different historical forces in shaping current patterns.
Gene Lakusiak
Gene Lakusiak (June 1, 1942 – June 29, 2020) was a Canadian professional football player who played for the Ottawa Rough Riders and Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He played college football at the University of Tulsa.

Ottawa Rough Riders
The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded on September 19, 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest-lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s,  in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s, and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, which own the Rough Riders and Renegades intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014.
Elisabeth Mason
Elisabeth Mason is an American lawyer and venture philanthropist. She serves as the Founding Director of the Stanford Technology, Opportunity and Poverty Lab at Stanford University. She is also the co-founder and former Chief Executive Officer of Single Stop USA, a nonprofit that promotes economic mobility by connecting people to untapped US Government benefits.

Mason has received numerous awards, including two White House Social Innovation Awards and the Robin Hood Foundation Heroes Award. NY1 named Mason "New Yorker of the Year" in 2015 for her work on anti-poverty initiatives directed at low-income New Yorkers.

Prior to co-founding Single Stop USA, Mason was a Managing Director at the Robin Hood Foundation and practiced law at Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton in New York.

Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, formerly Cleary, Gottlieb, Friendly & Cox and Cleary, Gottlieb, Friendly, Steen & Hamilton, and known as Cleary Gottlieb, is an American multinational white shoe law firm. It is headquartered at One Liberty Plaza in New York City, with over 1,000 lawyers practicing worldwide.
2022 Melbourne Summer Set 1
The 2022 Melbourne Summer Set 1 was one of two tournaments of the Melbourne Summer Set. The Melbourne Summer Set 1 featured an ATP Tour 250 tournament and a WTA 250 tournament, both played on hardcourts and as part of the 2022 WTA Tour.

Rafael Nadal won the men's singles title to earn his 89th career ATP title and his first in Australia since 2009. Simona Halep won the women's singles title to earn her 23rd career WTA title and first title in Australia.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Vollersode
Vollersode (German pronunciation: [ˈfɔlɐzoːdə]; Low German: Vollerso) is a municipality in the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

It belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.

Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (German: Fürsterzbistum Bremen) was an ecclesiastical principality (787–1566/1648) of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church that after its definitive secularization in 1648 became the hereditary Duchy of Bremen (German: Herzogtum Bremen). The prince-archbishopric, which was under the secular rule of the archbishop, consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory. The city of Bremen was de facto (since 1186) and de jure (since 1646) not part of the prince-archbishopric. Most of the prince-archbishopric lay rather in the area to the north of the city of Bremen, between the Weser and Elbe rivers. Even more confusingly, parts of the prince-archbishopric belonged in religious respect to the neighbouring Diocese of Verden, making up 10% of its diocesan territory.
Bush Hamdan
Bush Hamdan (born February 10, 1986) is an American football coach. He is currently the quarterbacks coach for the Miami Dolphins. He previously served as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of Kentucky from 2024 to 2025 and his alma mater Boise State in 2023.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Tingerup Tykke
Tingerup Tykke is a woodland located south of Rønnede on the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. It is the site of source of the Suså River, Denmark's fifth largest river.

Tingerup Tykke is located just south of Rønnede, some 20 km (12 mi) east of Næstved.

Næstved
Næstved (Danish pronunciation: [ˈnestve̝ð]) is a town in the municipality of the same name, located in the southern part of the island of Zealand in Denmark.

Næstved has several adult education centers, five elementary schools - and has at least one of each type of the four upper-second-level education centers. The city has the largest high school in Denmark, Næstved Gymnasium & HF.
Länggrien
Länggrien (also known as Aareinseli) is an island in the River Aare, located in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. The island has a maximum length of 600 metres and a maximum width of 270 metres. Its highest point is 428 metres above sea level, a few metres above the river level. The minimum distance from the shore is about 50 metres.

Politically the island belongs to the municipality of Selzach in the district of Lebern.

Canton of Solothurn
The canton of Solothurn or canton of Soleure (German: Kanton Solothurn; Romansh: Chantun Soloturn; French: Canton de Soleure; Italian: Canton Soletta) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the northwest of Switzerland. The capital is Solothurn.