hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
François Louis Alfred Durrieu
François Louis Alfred Durrieu (18 January 1812, Hamburg – 27 September 1877, Paris) was a French major general and Governor of Algeria.

He became Baron Durrieu in 1862, inheriting the title from his uncle General Antoine Simon Durrieu. He attended the military academy of Saint-Cyr. He became a captain in 1840 and was attached to do topographical work in Algeria. He was a squadron leader of Spahis in 1845, lieutenant colonel of the 1st Chasseurs d'Afrique in May 1849, colonel of the 2nd Spahis in July 1851, and was promoted to brigadier general on 29 August 1854. He received the command of the subdivision of Mascara, then was promoted to major general on 11 December 1859. He held the post of Deputy Governor of Algeria from 19 November 1866 until the abolition of that post on 24 October 1870.

He was governor of Algeria from 27 July 1870 to 24 October 1870.

Spahi
Spahis (French pronunciation: [spa.i]) were light-cavalry regiments of the French army recruited primarily from the Arab and Berber populations of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. The modern French Army retains one regiment of Spahis as an armoured unit, with personnel now recruited in mainland France. Senegal also maintains a mounted unit with spahi origins as a presidential escort: the Red Guard.
1991 Shepparton state by-election
The 1991 Shepparton state by-election was held on 19 October 1991 to elect the member for Shepparton in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, following the resignation of Nationals MP Peter Ross-Edwards.

Ross-Edwards had represented Shepparton since the seat was re-established in 1967, and served as the leader of the Victorian National Party (previously known as the Country Party) from 1970 until 1988.

Don Kilgour retained the seat for the Nationals, winning 51.6% of first preference votes. The Labor Party and the Liberal Party, which received 26.6% and 18.7% of the vote respectively at the 1988 state election, did not contest the by-election.

Victorian Liberal Party
The Victorian Liberal Party, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (Victorian Division), and branded as Liberal Victoria, is the state division of the Liberal Party of Australia in Victoria. It was formed in 1949 as the Liberal and Country Party (LCP) and simplified its name to the Liberal Party in 1965. The party sits on the centre-right to right-wing of the Australian political spectrum, and is currently led by Jess Wilson.

There was a previous Victorian division of the Liberal Party formed in March 1945, but it ceased to exist when the LCP was established four years later.
Benjamin Thompson (farmer)
Benjamin Thompson (April 22, 1806 – January 31, 1890) was an American farmer and businessman, remembered as the main benefactor of the present-day University of New Hampshire, located in Durham, New Hampshire.

Benefactor (law)
A benefactor (from Latin  bene 'good' and  factor 'maker') is a person who gives some form of help to benefit a person, group or organization (the beneficiary), often gifting a monetary contribution in the form of an endowment to help a cause. Benefactors are humanitarian leaders and charitable patrons providing assistance in many forms, such as an alumnus from a university giving back to a college or an individual providing assistance to others.
Çelikköy, Dargeçit
Çelikköy (Kurdish: Çêlik; Syriac: Chelik) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Dargeçit, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Erebiyan tribe and had a population of 67 in 2021. It is located in the historic region of Tur Abdin.

Kurdish tribes
Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurdish people, an Iranian ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in Western Asia.

The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or putative, with a characteristic internal structure. They are naturally divided into a number of sub-tribes, and each of these sub-tribes again are divided into smaller units: clans, lineages and households.
Big Sandy Power Plant
The Big Sandy Power Plant is a 268 megawatt (MW), natural gas power plant owned and operated by Kentucky Power Company, a subsidiary of American Electric Power (AEP), on the shores of the Big Sandy River near Louisa, Kentucky. It was established in 1963. It was formerly a coal-fired power plant, but was converted to natural gas in 2016.

Louisa, Kentucky
Louisa is a home-rule class city in Lawrence County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is the county seat. It is at the merger of the Levisa and Tug Forks into the Big Sandy River, which forms part of the state's border with West Virginia. The population was 2,679 at the 2020 census.
Musée en Herbe
The Musée en Herbe (English: Museum in the Making, lit. 'Budding Museum') is children's museum in Paris, France. It provides art education based out of the 1st arrondissement near the Louvre.

The museum was established by Sylvie Girardet, Claire Merleau-Ponty, & Anne Tardy in 1975. Originally located in the Jardin d'Acclimatation amusement park, the organization strives to bring art a children who would not otherwise go to a museum. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the museum relied on public appeals to offset lost ticket sales in order to continue operations.

Children can either participate in hands-on workshops or view traveling exhibits. These exhibits have included Tintin comics by Hergé, street art by Invader, book illustrations by Roger Hargreaves, spider art in conjunction with the Museum of Natural History, Chinese mythological paintings by Wenna, and luminescent sculptures by Miguel Chevalier. The museum displays the art at children's height.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
2005 Zentiva Czech Indoor Open – Women's singles
The 2005 Zentiva Czech Indoor Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Průhonice, Czech Republic that was part of the 2005 ITF Women's Circuit. It was the first edition of the tournament and was held from 14 to 20 November 2005.

Lucie Hradecká won the title, defeating Agnieszka Radwańska in the final, 4–6, 6–1, 7–6(10–8).

Průhonice
Průhonice is a municipality and village in Prague-West District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,800 inhabitants. It is known for Průhonice Park, which has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
Saint Afra
Saint Afra (died 304) was martyred during the Diocletian persecution. Along with Saint Ulrich & St Simpert, she is a patron saint of Augsburg. Her feast day is August 7. Afra was dedicated to the service of the goddess Venus by her mother, Hilaria. Through his teachings, Bishop Narcissus converted Afra and her family to Christianity. When it was learned that Afra was a Christian, she was brought before Diocletian and ordered to sacrifice to the pagan gods. She refused and was condemned to death by fire.

Death by burning
Death by burning, also called immolation, is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public capital punishment, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as treason, heresy, and witchcraft. The best-known execution of this type is burning at the stake, where the condemned is bound to a large wooden stake and a fire lit beneath. A holocaust is a religious animal sacrifice that is completely consumed by fire, also known as a burnt offering. The word derives from the ancient Greek holokaustos, the form of sacrifice in which the victim was reduced to ash, as distinguished from an animal sacrifice that resulted in a communal meal.

There are documented executions by burning as early as the 18th century BC and as recently as 2016.
Softex
Softex S.A. is a Greek paper towel company, headquartered in Athens, west of downtown. The company is located at the Acteon Building in Irinis Street, Neo Faliro, Athens. The first owner of the company was Apostolos Nikolaidis.

It manufactures paper towels and napkins and had two factories, in Athens and Drama. Softex suffered a fire in August 1994 that destroyed its machines, building and shipping centre. The company operated from other premises until the factory was rebuilt with fireproof technology.

Paper towel
A paper towel is an absorbent, disposable towel made from paper. In Commonwealth English, paper towels for kitchen use are also known as kitchen rolls, kitchen paper, or kitchen towels. For home use, paper towels are usually sold in a roll of perforated sheets, but some are sold in stacks of pre-cut and pre-folded layers for use in paper-towel dispensers. Unlike cloth towels, paper towels are disposable and intended to be used only once. Paper towels absorb water because they are loosely woven, which enables water to travel between the fibers, even against gravity (capillary effect). They have similar purposes to conventional towels, such as drying hands, wiping windows and other surfaces, dusting, and cleaning up spills. Paper towel dispensers are commonly used in toilet facilities shared by many people (such as at schools or shopping malls), as they are often considered more hygienic than hot-air hand dryers or shared cloth towels.
Marstrand (surname)
Marstrand is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacob Marstrand (1848–1935), Danish master baker and politician

Julie Marstrand (1882–1943), Danish sculptor

Kesang Marstrand (born 1981), American folk singer, songwriter, and guitarist

Margrethe Marstrand (1874–1948), Danish teacher and writer

Nicolai Jacob Marstrand (1770–1829), Danish mechanician and inventor

Troels Marstrand (1815–1889), Danish industrialist

Wilhelm Marstrand (1810–1873), Danish painter and illustrator

Margrethe Marstrand
Margrethe Lønborg Marstrand née Jensen (1874–1948) was a Danish teacher and writer, remembered for her success in improving the speed and comprehension of children's reading skills. Adjusting the course structure, she emphasized her experience with dolphins, making good use of her fervor and providing the children in her care with novel learning experiences.
Jeongeup
Jeongeup (Korean: 정읍; Korean pronunciation: [tɕʌŋ.ɯp̚]) is a city in North Jeolla Province, South Korea. The city limits include Naejang-san National Park, a popular destination particularly in autumn due to its foliage. Jeongeup is on the Honam Expressway and Honam Line, with the Seohaean Expressway also within easy reach, providing links to Seoul and Mokpo.

Honam Line
The Honam Line is a major railway line serving the Honam region (North and South Jeolla Provinces) in South Korea. The line is served by frequent passenger trains from Seoul (via the Gyeongbu Line) to Gwangju and Mokpo.
Calliophis salitan
Calliophis salitan is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. It is endemic to  the Philippines and known from Dinagat Island and Mindanao; the former is based on a small number of recent records whereas the latter is based on a museum specimen from 1887.

It is unique for its large size as well as its body coloration of a black head & neck with black & white bands along the width of the body, terminating at a bright orange tail. It is distinct from any other coral snake species in the Philippines or Sundas, but is most closely related to the blue coral snake complex (C. bivirgatus & C. intestinalis) of the Sunda Shelf. While it is known only from Dinagat Island and possibly Mindanao, it may also occur or have formerly occurred on other islands in the Sulu Archipelago.

Elapidae
Elapidae (/əˈlæpədiː/, commonly known as elapids /ˈɛləpɪdz/, from Ancient Greek: ἔλαψ élaps, variant of ἔλλοψ éllops "sea-fish") is a family of snakes characterized by their permanently erect fangs at the front of the mouth. Most elapids are venomous, with the exception of the genus Emydocephalus. Many members of this family exhibit a threat display of rearing upwards while spreading out a neck flap. Elapids are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas and marine forms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Members of the family have a wide range of sizes, from the 18 cm (7.1 in) white-lipped snake to the 5.85 m (19 ft 2 in) king cobra. Most species have neurotoxic venom that is channeled by their hollow fangs, and some may contain other toxic components in varying proportions. The family includes 55 genera with around 360 species and over 170 subspecies.
Zack Nipper
Zack Nipper is an American artist from Omaha, Nebraska. He has designed several album covers by bands such as Bright Eyes, Criteria, Georgie James and Desaparecidos. Zack won "Best Recording Package" for his work on Bright Eyes' Cassadaga at the 2008 Grammy Awards, giving him, as well as Saddle Creek Records their first Grammy.  In 2008, after his Grammy Award, several of Nipper's drawings for the album were displayed at the Joslyn Art Museum in "Zack Nipper: The Cassadaga Drawings" organized by then-senior curator of collections, John Wilson.

In January 2011, it was announced that Nipper's work on The People's Key had won the Best Art Vinyl award.

He is a great-grandson of efficiency experts Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. and Lillian Moller Gilbreth, whose life story was told in the book and film "Cheaper By The Dozen".

Frank Bunker Gilbreth
Frank Bunker Gilbreth (July 7, 1868 – June 14, 1924) was an American engineer, consultant, and author known as an early advocate of scientific management and a pioneer of time and motion study, and is perhaps best known as the father and central figure of Cheaper by the Dozen.

Both he and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth were industrial engineers and efficiency experts who contributed to the study of industrial engineering in fields such as motion study and human factors.
Division of Bruce
The Division of Bruce is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. The division is located in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. It covers an area of approximately 115 square kilometres (44 sq mi)  including the suburbs of Dandenong North, Doveton, Endeavour Hills, Eumemmerring, Hallam, Harkaway, Lysterfield South, Narre Warren, and Narre Warren North; and parts of Beaconsfield, Berwick, Cranbourne North, Dandenong, Mulgrave,  Narre Warren South, and Noble Park North.

Bruce is an ethnically diverse and multicultural electorate, with a large Sri Lankan community and the highest number of Sinhalese speakers in the country.

Narre Warren South
Narre Warren South is an outer suburb of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, 39 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Casey local government area. Narre Warren South recorded a population of 30,909 at the 2021 census.
History of libraries in West Virginia
Libraries have been in West Virginia for much of its history as a state. Starting with subscription libraries, the early 19th century saw the beginning of libraries formed in many of the large towns. Three Carnegie libraries were built in the state at the beginning of the 20th century.

With the pressure of the West Virginia Library Association, the state established the West Virginia Library Commission in 1929, which would, starting in the 1950s, facilitate the growth of public libraries in the state. As of 2009, West Virginia's public library system consisted of 97 library systems serving citizens from 175 physical facilities and seven bookmobiles.

Morgantown, West Virginia
Morgantown is a city in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Monongahela River in north-central West Virginia, it is home to West Virginia University. With a population of 30,347 at the 2020 census, Morgantown is the third-most populous city in West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents. The local economy is largely driven by education and healthcare, anchored by West Virginia University and the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.
Blake Nunataks
Blake Nunataks (74°10′S 66°40′E﻿ / ﻿74.167°S 66.667°E﻿ / -74.167; 66.667) is a group of three low, flat-topped nunataks running in a line northeast–southwest between Wilson Bluff and Mount Maguire, near the head of Lambert Glacier. They were sighted by Flying Officer J. Seaton, RAAF, during a photographic flight in November 1956, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for J.R. Blake, auroral physicist at Mawson Station in 1958.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Carlo Vanzina
Carlo Vanzina (13 March 1951 – 8 July 2018) was an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter.

Vanzina was born in Rome, the son of Maria Teresa Nati and film director Stefano Vanzina and brother of Enrico Vanzina.

Many of his projects were made for Italian television with English-speaking actors, and in turn these films received English-language home video releases in America. He frequently worked with models-turned-actresses such as Renee Simonsen, Carole Bouquet, Carol Alt, Lauren Hutton, and Elle Macpherson.

Two of his films, Eccezzziunale... veramente (1982) and Vacanze di Natale (1983), were shown as part of a retrospective on Italian comedy at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.

Carole Bouquet
Carole Bouquet (born 18 August 1957) is a French actress who has appeared in more than 60 films since 1977. In 1990, she was awarded the César Award for Best Actress for her role in Too Beautiful for You.
Congress of Yucatán
The Congress of the State of Yucatán (Spanish: Congreso del Estado de Yucatán; Yucatec Maya: u Noj Mola’ayil u Péetlu’umil Yucatán), or simply the Congress of Yucatán, is the legislative branch of the government of the State of Yucatán. The Congress is the governmental deliberative body of Yucatán, which is equal to, and independent of, the executive and the judiciary. The Congress of Yucatán is an unicameral legislature.

The current session of the Congress consists of 35 deputies (21 elected by the first-past-the-post system and 14 by proportional representation). Deputies are elected to serve for a three-year term with the possibility of re-election for an additional term.

Since its installation the congress has been renewed 64 times; the current legislature was elected in 2024, and it is known as the LXIV Legislature of the Congress of Yucatán.

Yucatec Maya language
Yucatec Maya (/ˈjuːkətɛk ˈmaɪə/ YOO-kə-tek MY-ə; Spanish: yucateco [ʝukaˈteko]), referred to by its speakers as mayaʼ or maayaʼ t’aan (pronounced [màːjaʔˈtʼàːn] ⓘ), is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, including part of northern Belize. There is also a significant diasporic community of Yucatec Maya speakers in San Francisco, though most Maya Americans are speakers of other Mayan languages from Guatemala and Chiapas.
Gamperaliya (novel)
Gamperaliya (The Transformation of a Village) is a novel written by Sri Lankan writer Martin Wickremasinghe and first published in 1944. Wickremasinghe subsequently wrote Kaliyugaya and Yuganthaya, as a trilogy encompassing three generation of the same family and the changing society, culture and economic environment of Sri Lanka between the early and mid 20th century.

Gamperaliya is considered to be one of Wickremasinghe's most famous works, with the novel depicting the breakup of traditional village life due to the impact of modernisation. The gradual subversion of the traditional economic and social structure of the village by the commercial culture of the city is portrayed through the story of an aristocratic family in a southern village. The novel has been widely praised for its realism in depicting Sinhala rural life and is considered an important work of Sri Lankan literature.

The novel was adapted into a film in 1964 by Lester James Peries.

Sri Lankan literature
Sri Lankan literature is the literary tradition of Sri Lanka. The largest part of Sri Lankan literature was written in the Sinhala language, but there is a considerable number of works in other languages used in Sri Lanka over the millennia (including Tamil, Pāli, and English). However, the languages used in ancient times were very different from the language used in Sri Lanka now.

Up to the present, short stories are a very important part of Sri Lankan literature; the output of Sinhalese short story writers has elicited a greater measure of critical analysis.
Ryde police station
The Ryde police station is a heritage-listed lockup, police residence and police station located at 808-810 Victoria Road, Ryde in the City of Ryde local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Mortimer Lewis and built from 1836 to 1837 by David Taylor; Messrs Brodie & Craig. It is also known as Ryde Police Station (former), Ryde Police Station, Ryde Detective's Offices and Kissing Point Police Watch House or lockup. The property is owned by NSW Police, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Mortimer Lewis
Mortimer William Lewis (1796 – 9 March 1879) was an English-born architect, surveyor and public servant who migrated to Australia and became Colonial Architect in the colony of New South Wales (now a state of Australia) from 1835 to 1849. Lewis was responsible for designing and overseeing many government buildings in Sydney and rural New South Wales, many of which are heritage listed.
David Criswell
David R. Criswell (July 17, 1941 – September 10, 2019) was the Director of the Institute for Space Systems Operations at the University of Houston.  ISSO is the operational agent for the Houston Partnership for Space Exploration.

Criswell received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1963 (graduating cum laude) and a Master of Science degree in Physics in 1964 from the University of North Texas, in Denton, Texas.  In 1968, he received a Doctorate degree in space physics and Astronomy from Rice University in Houston, Texas.

He was an active member of the Power from Space Committee of the International Astronautical Federation and participated in IAF and United Nations Summits dealing with supplying energy to Earth.  He also served on the Board of Governors of the National Space Society, a non-profit space advocacy organization in Washington, D.C.

National Space Society
The National Space Society (NSS) is an American international nonprofit 501(c)(3) educational and scientific organization specializing in space advocacy. It is a member of the Independent Charities of America and an annual participant in the Combined Federal Campaign. The  society's vision is:  "People living and working in thriving communities beyond the Earth, and the use of the vast resources of space for the dramatic betterment of humanity."

The society supports human spaceflight and robotic spaceflight, by both public (e.g., NASA, Russian Federal Space Agency and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) and private sector (e.g., SpaceX, Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, etc.) organizations.