hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caupolicana
Caupolicana is a genus of bees in the family Colletidae, native to the Americas; most species are crepuscular in habit, visiting flowers only at dawn and/or dusk. There are over 50 known species, in 4 subgenera (some of which have been historically treated as valid genera).

Crepuscular animal
In zoology, a crepuscular animal is one that is active primarily during the twilight period, being matutinal (active during dawn), vespertine/vespertinal (active during dusk), or both. This is distinguished from diurnal and nocturnal behavior, where an animal is active during the hours of daytime and of night, respectively. Some crepuscular animals may also be active by moonlight or during an overcast day.

A number of factors affect the time of day an animal is active. Predators hunt when their prey is available, and prey try to avoid the times when their principal predators are at large. The temperature may be too high at midday or too low at night. Some creatures may adjust their activities depending on local competition.
Liz Fong-Jones
Liz Fong-Jones (born 1987 (1987)) is a site reliability engineer and developer advocate known for labor activism with her contributions to the Never Again pledge and her role in leading Google worker organization efforts. She is the president of the board of directors of the Solidarity Fund by Coworker, which she seeded with her own money. She is Honeycomb's field chief technology officer.

Fast Company
Fast Company is an American business magazine published monthly in print and online, focusing on technology, business, and design. Founded in 1995, it releases six print issues annually, in addition to various ranking lists, podcasts, newsletters, and paid communities of business executives. As of 2025, Fast Company attracts millions of monthly readers. It is owned by Mansueto Ventures.
Thomas Palmer (burgess)
Thomas Palmer was an English settler of colonial Virginia. He arrived with his wife, Joan, eleven-year-old daughter Priscilla and servant Richard English on the Tyger in November 1621.  The Palmers are listed as living at Jordan's Journey, which almost certainly saved their lives during the Indian Massacre of 1622.  (Joan Palmer may have been a relation of Samuel Jordan.)

Palmer was one of the House of Burgesses at Jamestown on October 16 1629, representing Shirley Hundred Island (now Eppes Island).

Palmer was a first cousin of poet Sir Thomas Overbury, whose mother Mary (née Palmer) was the sister of Thomas Palmer's father, the noted antiquarian Edward Palmer.

Thomas Overbury
Sir Thomas Overbury (baptized 1581 – 14 September 1613) was an English poet and essayist, also known for being the victim of a murder which led to a scandalous trial. His poem A Wife (also referred to as The Wife), which depicted the virtues that a young man should demand of a woman, played a significant role in the events that precipitated his murder.
Hall County Library System
The Hall County Library System (HCLS) is a public library system in Hall County, Georgia, United States, consisting of five public libraries. Four of these libraries are located in Gainesville, with the newest branch, Spout Springs, in Flowery Branch.

HCLS is a member of PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that covers 53 library systems in 143 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to over 10.6 million books in the system's circulation. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.

Hall County, Georgia
Hall County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 203,136, up from 179,684 at the 2010 census. The county seat is Gainesville. The entirety of Hall County comprises the Gainesville, Georgia, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, Combined Statistical Area.
The Little Mermaid Jr.
The Little Mermaid Jr. is a stage musical produced by Disney Theatrical, based on the animated 1989 Disney film of the same name and the classic story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen about a mermaid who dreams of the world above the sea and gives up her voice to find love. Its book is by Doug Wright, music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman (written for the film), with additional lyrics by Glenn Slater. The Little Mermaid Jr. first became available to license by the company Music Theater International and Disney Theatrical Productions.

A 60-minute adaption of the musical was produced, containing appropriate song keys for young children and accompaniment tracks so that live music is not necessary.

Disney Theatrical Productions
Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of Disney Entertainment, a major division and business unit of The Walt Disney Company.

Founded in 1993 by longtime Disney Entertainment veteran Ron Logan as Walt Disney Theatrical, the division has gained a reputation within the industry for creating several professional and popular (both critically and financially) performances, starting with Beauty and the Beast on April 18, 1994. Its 1994 investment in taking over the New Amsterdam Theatre spurred a revitalization of Broadway theatre. The company is a division of Disney Theatrical Group, led by Anne Quart, Executive Producer and Andrew Flatt, Managing Director.
Stenoma claripennis
Stenoma claripennis is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by August Busck in 1914. It is found in Panama.

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are dark olive brown with the veins outlined in light greenish yellow. The costal, apical and terminal edge are narrowly light ochreous. The hindwdngs are dark greenish fuscous with the costal area, covered by the forewings, white.

August Busck
Augustus Busck (February 18, 1870 in Randers, Denmark – March 7, 1944) was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology, stationed in the U.S. National Museum. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
Cultural discourse about the Gaza genocide
The Gaza genocide has been a contentious topic in cultural discourse during the ongoing Gaza war. Celebrities, athletes, public intellectuals, activists, cultural institutions and ordinary people have weighed in on the events in Gaza, as well as the cultural and societal implications of viewing those events through the framework of genocide.

M. Gessen
M. Gessen (formerly known as Masha Gessen; Russian: Маша Гессен) is a Russian American journalist, author, and translator who has written extensively on LGBT rights.

Gessen writes primarily in English but also in Russian. In addition to authoring several nonfiction books, they have contributed to The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, New Statesman, Granta, Slate, Vanity Fair, Harper's Magazine, The New Yorker, and U.S. News & World Report.

Gessen has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 2017 and an opinion columnist at The New York Times since May 2024.
Lewthwaite Strait
Lewthwaite Strait (60°42′S 45°7′W﻿ / ﻿60.700°S 45.117°W﻿ / -60.700; -45.117) is a passage 2.5 nautical miles (5 km) wide, lying between Coronation Island and Powell Island in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. It was discovered in December 1821, on the occasion of the joint cruise of Captain George Powell, a British sealer in the sloop Dove, and Captain Nathaniel Palmer, an American sealer in the sloop James Monroe. Mr. Lewthwaite was a teacher of navigation in Prince's Street, Rotherhithe, London; Captain Powell left the chart and journal of his Antarctic exploration with Lewthwaite before sailing on his last expedition, on which he met his death.

Nathaniel Palmer
Nathaniel Brown Palmer (August 8, 1799 – June 21, 1877) was an American seal hunter, explorer, sailing captain, ship designer, and a whale hunter, known for being one of the first persons to sight continental Antarctica. He gave his name to Palmer Land, which he explored in 1820 on his sloop Hero. He was born in Stonington, Connecticut, and was a descendant of Walter Palmer, one of the town's founders.
Luna Park, San Jose
Luna Park is a neighborhood in San Jose, California.  It is bounded by Old Oakland Road/13th Street, Berryessa Road/Highway 101 and North 17th Street.

It is named after the Luna Park amusement park built by Audley Ingersoll's of Ingersoll's Amusement and financed by the San Jose Street Car Company as a way of bringing more customers to the area.  Luna Park was located on San Jose's Oakland Road, now named North 13th Street and contained an amusement park, baseball stadium and public park from the early 1907 until 1921.

It was later redeveloped into a city park and residential neighborhood that still bears the name Luna Park.

Frederick Ingersoll
Frederick Ingersoll (1876 – October 23, 1927) was an American inventor, designer, builder and entrepreneur who created the world's first chain of amusement parks (known collectively as "Luna Parks" regardless of their actual name) and whose manufacturing company built 277 roller coasters, fueling the popularity of trolley parks in the first third of the twentieth century. Some of these parks and roller coasters still exist today.
59th United States Congress
The 59th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1905, to March 4, 1907, during the fifth and sixth years of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Charles A. Culberson
Charles Allen Culberson (June 10, 1855 – March 19, 1925) was an American political figure and Democrat who served as the 21st governor of Texas from 1895 to 1899, and as a United States senator from Texas from 1899 to 1923.

According to one study, Culberson belonged (like Jim Hogg, his predecessor as governor) “to a stream of Texas liberal populism.”
Mitsu Shimojo
Mitsu Shimojo (下条 みつ, Shimojō Mitsu; born 29 December 1955) is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Matsumoto, Nagano and graduate of Shinshu University, he was elected for the first time in 2003 after an unsuccessful run in 2000.

Matsumoto, Nagano
Matsumoto (松本市, Matsumoto-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Matsumoto is designated as a core city since 1 April 2021. As of 1 March 2019, the city had a population of 239,466 in 105,207 households and a population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 978.47 square kilometres (377.79 sq mi).
Dipodoidea
Dipodoidea is a superfamily of rodents, also known as dipodoids, found across the Northern Hemisphere. This superfamily includes over 50 species among the 16 genera in 3 families. They include the jerboas (family Dipodidae), jumping mice (family Zapodidae), and birch mice (family Sminthidae). Different species are found in grassland, deserts, and forests. They are all capable of saltation (jumping while in a bipedal stance), a feature that is most highly evolved in the desert-dwelling jerboas.

Long-eared jerboa
The long-eared jerboa (Euchoreutes naso) is a nocturnal mouse-like rodent with a long tail, long hind legs for jumping, and exceptionally large ears. It is distinct that authorities consider it to be the only member of both its genus, Euchoreutes, and subfamily, Euchoreutinae.

Long-eared jerboas are found in the Palearctic ecozone. The specific palearctic ecozone areas they are found in are southernmost Mongolia to the Takla-Makan Desert, Mengxin, Aerijin Mountain, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau regions of north western China. Long-eared jerboas in most cases are nocturnal, The long-eared jerboa's fur according to the book 100 animals to see before they die "is reddish yellow to pale russet with white underparts." Very little is known about the species.
Qianzhong Commandery
Qianzhong Commandery (Chinese: 黔中郡) was a historical commandery of the state of Chu during the Warring States period (481 BC – 221 BC). It was mentioned in the section Biography of Su Qin (Chinese: 蘇秦列傳) of Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian or Strategies of the Warring States. It is located roughy in modern-day western Hunan and eastern Guizhou. The seat of Qianzhong Commandery was in present-day Yuanling County, with  the historic site centered 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the seat of the county.

Commandery (China)
A commandery (Chinese: 郡; pinyin: jùn) was a historical administrative division of China that was in use from the Eastern Zhou (c. 7th century BCE) until the early Tang dynasty (c. 7th century CE). Several neighboring countries adopted Chinese commanderies as the basis for their own administrative divisions.
Tommy Waite
Thomas Waite (born 11 March 1972) is a Northern Irish former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2001. He held the BUI Ireland National title in 1997 and the British and Commonwealth bantamweight titles in 2000.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Old Aeroplane Company
The Old Aeroplane Company is an aviation company based in Tyabb, Victoria. Located at Tyabb Airport, it is owned by Judy Pay. It has a collection of antique aircraft on display and works on aviation restoration and maintenance.

The company's collection of aircraft include: a Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk, a North American P-51 Mustang, North American T-28 Trojan, Harvard, de Havilland Vampire and a de Havilland Tiger Moth. Airframes under restoration include a second de Havilland Vampire, a Fiesler Storch and a Piper Cub Cruiser.

Tyabb
Tyabb (/ˈtaɪæb/ TY-ab) is a town on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 53 km (33 mi) south-east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Tyabb recorded a population of 3,449 at the 2021 census.

Tyabb is within an urban enclave on Western Port comprising Tyabb, Hastings, Bittern, Crib Point, and Somerville. It is served by the Tyabb railway station on the Stony Point railway line. Statistically it is part of Greater Melbourne.
Klover
Klover was an American, short-lived Boston punk band, consisting of Mike Stone (later a Queensrÿche guitarist) on vocals and guitar, Chris Doherty (ex-Gang Green) on lead guitar, Darren Hill (ex-Red Rockers, Paul Westerberg) on bass and Brian Betzger (ex-Jerry's Kids, Gang Green) on drums.

They released only one album, Feel Lucky Punk?, and an EP, Beginning to End, on Mercury Records in 1995 and disbanded after the subsequent tour. "Beginning to End" was used in the soundtrack for the 1995 Sylvester Stallone film Assassins.

Mike Stone (musician)
Mike Stone (born November 30, 1969) is an American guitarist, best known for his involvement in the progressive metal band Queensrÿche. He joined Queensrÿche for their 2003 Tribe tour, and made his first appearance on the 2003 album Tribe, with writing credits for the song "Losing Myself". He parted ways with the band in 2008, but rejoined initially in 2018 as a touring substitute for then guitarist Parker Lundgren, and full-time in 2021. Stone was the guitarist for the rock band Speed-X, and currently the guitarist and backup vocalist of the alternative punk rock band, The Stick People.
Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1985 book)
Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the official hymnal of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Published in English in 1985, and later in many other languages, it is used throughout the LDS Church. This article refers to the English version. The book was published on the 150th anniversary of the publication of the first Latter-day Saint hymnbook, compiled by Emma Smith in 1835. Previous hymnbooks used by the church include The Manchester Hymnal (1840), The Psalmody (1889), Songs of Zion (1908), Hymns (1927), and Hymns (1948).

On June 18, 2018, the church announced that updated versions of the hymnbook and the Children's Songbook would be created, by soliciting feedback for a one-year period concluding in July 2019. This culminated in having unified versions of the books in languages used by congregations worldwide, with the same numbering system.

Hymnal
A hymnal or hymnary is a collection of hymns, usually in the form of a book, called a hymnbook (or hymn book). They are used in congregational singing. A hymnal may contain only hymn texts (normal for most hymnals for most centuries of Christian history); written melodies are extra, and more recently harmony parts have also been provided.

Hymnals are omnipresent in churches but are not often discussed; nevertheless, liturgical scholar Massey H. Shepherd once observed: "In all periods of the Church's history, the theology of the people has been chiefly molded by their hymns."
Löbel
Löbel, also spelled Loebel (German pronunciation: [ˈlœbl]) is a German surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Bettina Löbel (born 1962), German swimmer

Bruni Löbel (1920-2006), German actress

Hirshel Löbel, also known as Hirschel Levin (1721-1800), Polish rabbi

Nikolas Löbel (born 1986), German politician

Bettina Löbel
Bettina Löbel (born 29 November 1962) is a retired German swimmer who competed for East Germany.

Löbel competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in the 100 m and 200 m breaststroke and finished in seventh place in the latter event. In 1979–1980, she won three national titles in the 200 m breaststroke and 4 × 100 m medley.
Kansas City Art Institute
The Kansas City Art Institute (KCAI) is a private art school in Kansas City, Missouri. The college was founded in 1885 and is an accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design and Higher Learning Commission. The institute has approximately 75 faculty members and 700 students, and offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree.

National Association of Schools of Art and Design
The National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD), founded in 1944, is an accrediting organization of colleges, schools and universities in the United States. The organization establishes standards for graduate and undergraduate degrees. Member institutions complete periodic peer review processes to become, and remain, accredited. NASAD accreditation should not be confused with regional accreditation. While the association works with other professional organizations, including the AIGA, the American Craft Council, and the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design, NASAD remains the only accrediting agency for higher education art and design programs in the United States that is recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.
1936–37 Gauliga Bayern
The 1936–37 Gauliga Bayern was the fourth season of the league, one of the 16 Gauligas in Germany at the time. It was the first tier of the football league system in  Bavaria (German:Bayern) from 1933 to 1945.

For 1. FC Nürnberg it was the third of seven Gauliga championships the club would win in the era from 1933 to 1944. The club qualified for the 1937 German football championship, where it finished first in its group with Fortuna Düsseldorf, Waldhof Mannheim and VfR Köln and qualified for the semi-finals. After overcoming Hamburger SV 3–2 Nürnberg advanced to the final where it lost 2–0 to FC Schalke 04.

In the third edition of the Tschammerpokal, now the DFB-Pokal, saw the Gauliga Bayern representatives knocked out early with the SpVgg Fürth achieving the best result, reaching the third round.

FC Viktoria Köln
FC Viktoria Köln 1904 e. V., commonly known as Viktoria Köln (German pronunciation: [vɪkˈtoːʁi̯a kœln]) or Viktoria Cologne in English, is a German professional football club based on the right bank of the river Rhine in the Höhenberg district of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club competes in the 3. Liga, the third tier of German football.

From 1978 to 1981 Viktoria Köln played in the 2. Bundesliga. During this period, the club achieved its best result in the 1979–80 season, finishing 4th.
The Richmond River Express Examiner
The Richmond River Express Examiner was a weekly newspaper published in Casino, New South Wales, Australia. It has been previously published as The Richmond River Express, The Kyogle Examiner,  The Rosolen Press, The Richmond River Express and Casino Kyogle Advertiser and The Richmond River Express and Tweed Advertiser.

Casino, New South Wales
Casino (Bundjalungic: Djanangmum) is a town in the Northern Rivers area of New South Wales, Australia, with a population of 12,298 people at the 2021 census. It lies on the banks of the Richmond River and is situated at the junction of the Bruxner Highway and the Summerland Way.

It is located 726 km (451 mi) north of Sydney and 228 km (142 mi) south of Brisbane.
Sclaveni
The Sclaveni (in Latin) or Sklabenoi (various forms in Greek) were early Slavic tribes that raided, invaded and settled in the Balkans in the Early Middle Ages and eventually became one of the progenitors of modern South Slavs. They were mentioned by early Byzantine chroniclers as barbarians having appeared at the Byzantine borders along with the Antes (East Slavs), another Slavic group. The Sclaveni were differentiated from the Antes and Wends (West Slavs); however, they were described as kin. Eventually, most South Slavic tribes accepted Byzantine or Frankish suzerainty, and came under their cultural influences and Chalcedonian Christianity. The term was widely used as a general catch-all term until the emergence of separate tribal names by the 10th century.

Barbarians in the Byzantine Empire
In the Byzantine Empire, the term "barbarians" (Greek: βάρβαρος) was used for several non-Greek people. The Byzantines regarded most neighbouring people as barbarians. The Bureau of Barbarians was a department of government dealing with matters relating to these "barbarians". In the Early Middle Ages in Europe, the term was applied to Huns, Goths, Pechenegs, Avars, Slavs, Bulgars, and others.
Michael Brandasu
Michael Brandasu (born 5 September 1986 in Netherlands) is a retired Dutch ice hockey player, who played most of his career as a defender for the Stavanger Oilers.

Michael Brandasu also played for Viking, the Danish club Amager Ishockey and the Dutch U20- and U18-national teams.

Netherlands men's national ice hockey team
The Netherlands men's national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey of the Netherlands.

The Netherlands are currently ranked 24th in the IIHF World Ranking and compete in IIHF World Championship Division II.