hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Revival of a Play
The Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Revival of a Play is an annual award given to the best revival of a (non-musical) play on Broadway or Off-Broadway, as determined by Outer Critics Circle. An award for outstanding revival has been given out since 1987, with All My Sons by Arthur Miller winning the inaugural award; however, split revival categories (play and musical) have existed since 1992.

All My Sons and A View from the Bridge, both by Arthur Miller, have both won the award twice, with Miller having won the most as well, with five wins. The Crucible, A View from the Bridge and Death of a Salesman have each been nominated the most times, with three each—also all by Miller.

Eugene O'Neill
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into the U.S. the drama techniques of realism, earlier associated with Chekhov, Ibsen, and Strindberg. The tragedy Long Day's Journey into Night is often included on lists of the finest American plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. He was awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature. O'Neill is also the only playwright to win four Pulitzer Prizes for Drama.

O'Neill's plays were among the first to include speeches in American English vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society. They struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, ultimately sliding into disillusion and despair. Of his very few comedies, only one is well known (Ah, Wilderness!). Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism.
Makhmud Kassymbekov
Makhmud Bazarkululy Kassymbekov (Kazakh: Махмұд Базарқұлұлы Қасымбеков, Mahmūd Bazarqūlūly Qasymbekov; born 2 August 1952) is a Kazakh politician and political scientist, Head of the Chancellery of the President from 1996 to 2019 under President Nursultan Nazarbayev.

Central Committee of the Komsomol
The Central Committee of the Komsomol (Russian: Центральный комитет ВЛКСМ, Tsentral'niy komitet VLKSM) was the executive leadership of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, commonly known as the Komsomol. According to the Komsomol Charter adopted at the 14th Congress of the Komsomol (1962), the Central Committee "directs the entire work of the Komsomol, local Komsomol bodies, represents the Komsomol in state and public institutions and organizations, approves the editorial board of the central body - "Komsomolskaya Pravda" and other editorial offices, distributes the Komsomol budget and monitors its implementation." The Central Committee of the Komsomol was dissolved on September 28, 1991, along with the Komsomol organization itself.
The Visualization Handbook
The Visualization Handbook is a textbook by Charles D. Hansen and Christopher R. Johnson that serves as a survey of the field of scientific visualization by presenting the basic concepts and algorithms in addition to a current review of visualization research topics and tools. It is commonly used as a textbook for scientific visualization graduate courses. It is also commonly cited as a reference for scientific visualization and computer graphics in published papers, with almost 500 citations documented on Google Scholar.

David Laidlaw
David Hales Laidlaw is an American computer scientist. He is currently Professor of Computer Science at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. In 2014 he became a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for contributions to data visualization and analytics. In 2019, he was named to the IEEE Visualization Academy.

Laidlaw earned a Bachelor of Science in computer science from Brown University in 1983. He earned a Master of Science in computer science at Brown in 1985 and another masters degree at the California Institute of Technology in 1992. He completed his doctorate at Caltech in 1995 under the direction of  Alan Howard Barr.
The Life (Fifth Harmony song)
"The Life" is a song recorded by American girl group Fifth Harmony from their second studio album, 7/27 (2016). It was released as the record's first promotional single on March 24, 2016. The song was written by singer Tinashe, Alexander Kronlund, and Lukas Hilbert, with Hilbert handling its production. Musically, the recording is of the electronic dance genre featuring elements of tropical house and Eurodance. Critical response to "The Life" was positive, with critics praising its composition.

Lyrically, "The Life" expresses themes of self-love and independence, with the group singing about celebrating the life. The song is also a response to critics who speculated about a possible disbandment of the group. Upon its release, the track charted in the United Kingdom and Scotland, peaking at numbers 97 and 44, respectively, as well as reaching number one on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 component chart.

Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
The 2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship was the 17th edition of the competition. It was held in Betim, Brazil. It was the seventh time as well as the third consecutive times Betim was selected as the host city. The tournament was held from 7 to 11 December 2022. It was Volei Renata's first appearance at the Club World Championship.

Sir Safety Susa Perugia won their title for the first time on their first participation of the tournament. Simone Giannelli was chosen as MVP of this tournament.

Betim
Betim is a town in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The city belongs to the mesoregion Metropolitan of Belo Horizonte (BH) and to the microregion of Belo Horizonte. It is the fifth largest city in Minas Gerais and one of the 50 largest cities in the Southeast of Brazil.

Betim is home to several Petrobras oil refineries, as well as Fiat's largest factory, which opened in 1976. The city has an important role not only in the state's economy, but in the whole country's as well.
Serhiy Bessarab
Serhiy Borysovych Bessarab (Ukrainian: Сергій Борисович Бессараб, IPA: [serˈɦij boˈrɪsowɪdʒ besːɐˈrɑb]; born 13 November 1955) is a Soviet and Ukrainian lieutenant general. He served as a troop commander of the Territorial Directorate "North" (2005–2007), the First Deputy Commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces (2012–2015), and the Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (2015–2020). On 4 March 2020, he was appointed as the Minister for Veterans Affairs of Ukraine in the Shmyhal Government. He resigned due to ill health on 16 December 2020.

General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces
The General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Генеральний штаб Збройних сил України, romanized: Heneralnyi shtab Zbroinykh syl Ukrainy) is the military staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It is the central organ of the Armed Forces Administration and oversees operational management of the armed forces under the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine.

The Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is appointed by the President of Ukraine, who is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. On 28 March 2020 the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was separated from that of the Chief of the General Staff. The current Chief of the General Staff is Andrii Hnatov, and the Commander-in-Chief is Oleksandr Syrskyi.

The General Staff was created in 1991–92 on the basis of the Kyiv Military District headquarters of the former Soviet Armed Forces.
Došnica
The Došnica river is a river in North Macedonia. It is a right tributary to the Crna Reka between Tikveš plain and the Vardar. It springs from Koprišnica Falls and Mount Kožuf. A hydroelectric power plant is located on the river at Čiflik, Demir Kapija.

Tikveš plain
Tikveš plain (Macedonian: Тиквеш) is situated in central North Macedonia. It is known for an artificial lake, which is the site of the Tikveš Hydroelectric Power Station. It is home to the towns of Kavadarci and Negotino. Famous for its wine, Tikveš is the center of the Macedonian wine production which has been cultivated for more than 120 years. The region is also famous for its yogurt and sour milk. It was also the site of the Tikveš uprising in late June 1913.
Modern Greek studies
Modern Greek studies (Greek: Νεοελληνικές Σπουδές) refers to an academic discipline of the humanities whose object is the linguistic, literary, cultural as well as geographical and folkloristic exploration and teaching of Greek in the world (Greece, Cyprus and the Greek diaspora) in the Modern Age and present time. A number of universities and research centers focus on Modern Greek studies.

Present
The present is the period of time that is occurring right now. The present is in contrast to the past, the period of time that has already occurred; and the future, the period of time that has yet to occur.

It is sometimes represented as a hyperplane in space-time, typically called "now", although modern physics demonstrates that such a hyperplane cannot be defined uniquely for observers in relative motion. The present may also be viewed as a duration.
Kirill Belyaev
Kirill Nikolayevich Belyaev (Russian: Кирилл Николаевич Беляев; born 27 August 1997) is a Russian swimmer.

He competed in the 25 km open water event at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships, winning the silver medal. He also won silver at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in the same competition.

2019 World Aquatics Championships
The 2019 World Aquatics Championships were the 18th FINA World Aquatics Championships, held in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July 2019. The city had previously hosted the 2015 Summer Universiade aquatics events in the same venues.
J.L. Noble School
The J.L. Noble School was a historic school building located in the Juniata neighborhood of Altoona, Pennsylvania, United States.  It was built in 1912, and was a two-story, yellow brick building with cut brownstone detailing in the Renaissance Revival style.  An annex was built in 1929.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Altoona, Pennsylvania
Altoona (/ælˈtuːnə/ al-TOO-nə) is a city in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 43,963 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Altoona metropolitan area, which includes all of Blair County and was recorded as having a population of 122,823.

Altoona was established in 1849 by the Pennsylvania Railroad. Having grown around the railroad industry, the city has worked to recover from industrial decline and urban decentralization experienced in recent decades. The city is home to the Altoona Curve baseball team of the Eastern League, which is the AA affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates Major League Baseball team. They play at Peoples Natural Gas Field in Altoona. The Altoona Symphony Orchestra has called Altoona home since 1928. Prominent landmarks include the Horseshoe Curve, the Railroaders Memorial Museum, the Juniata Shops of the Altoona Works, the Mishler Theatre, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, and the Jaffa Shrine Center.
Roman Tmetuchl International Airport
Roman Tmetuchl International Airport (IATA: ROR, ICAO: PTRO, FAA LID: ROR), also known as Palau International Airport, is the main airport of Palau. It is located in Yelch, Airai State on Babeldaob island, near the former capital Koror. The airport is 4 miles (6 km) from Koror and 15 miles (25 km) from Ngerulmud.

Ngerulmud
Ngerulmud (Palauan pronunciation: [ŋəˈɾulmuð]) is the seat of government of the Republic of Palau, an island nation in the Pacific Ocean. It replaced Koror City as a capital in October 2006. The settlement is located in the state of Melekeok on Babeldaob, the country's largest island, located 20 kilometers (12 miles) northeast of Koror City and 2 km (1 mile) northwest of Melekeok City.
With no permanent fixed population, it is the least-populous capital city of a sovereign nation in the world.
Noorpur Muzbida Harsana
Noorpur Muzvita (also known as Noorpur Muzbida or Noorpur Harsana) is a village in the Khekra Tehsil, Bagpat district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Having a population of more than 3,000,
this village is 3 km (1.9 mi) from Khekra and 9.2 km (5.7 mi) from Bagpat, the main city of the district.

Bagpat district
Bagpat district, also spelled as Baghpat district, is one of the 75 districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, with headquarters at the town of Baghpat. It is within the National Capital Region. Created in 1997, the district has an area of 1,321 square kilometres (510 sq mi). Baghpat has a population of 1,303,048 as of 2011 census.
L-rhamnose isomerase
In enzymology, a L-rhamnose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-rhamnose  L-rhamnulose

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-rhamnose, and one product, L-rhamnulose.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-rhamnose aldose-ketose-isomerase. Other names in common use include rhamnose isomerase, and L-rhamnose ketol-isomerase.  This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

Ketose
In organic chemistry, a ketose is a monosaccharide containing one ketone (>C=O) group per molecule. The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone ((CH2OH)2C=O), which has only three carbon atoms. It is the only ketose with no optical activity. All monosaccharide ketoses are reducing sugars, because they can tautomerize into aldoses via an enediol intermediate, and the resulting aldehyde group can be oxidised, for example in the Tollens' test or Benedict's test. Ketoses that are bound into glycosides, for example in the case of the fructose moiety of sucrose, are nonreducing sugars.
Pithali
Pithali or Mənda (also known as Milli Bhaat and Milani) is a traditional savoury dish originating from the Jamalpur District in Mymensingh Division, Bangladesh. It is most commonly prepared during religious and social occasions, including weddings, aqiqah, and milads. The dish holds cultural significance in the region and is often considered a symbol of Jamalpur's culinary identity. According to the Dhaka Tribune, Pithali is regarded as Jamalpur's "signature food item" and remains widely popular in both urban and rural settings.

Dhaka Tribune
The Dhaka Tribune is a Bangladeshi English-language daily newspaper based in Dhaka. It also operates an online Bengali-language site known as the Bangla Tribune. The newspaper publishes op-ed content, with contributions from Bangladeshi and international columnists.
Covers (The Smithereens album)
Covers  is a compilation album by The Smithereens, released in May 2018 by Sunset Blvd Records. It was originally released as a digital download on iTunes in May 2014. The album features 22 cover songs recorded by the band between 1980 and 2008. Most of the songs have previously been released as b-sides or on tribute albums and soundtracks.

Don Dixon (musician)
Donald Allen Dixon (born December 13, 1950) is an American record producer, songwriter, and musician. He is considered to be one of the key producers of what is called the jangle pop movement of the early 1980s, including working with R.E.M. and the Smithereens.
Rockford Speedway
Rockford Speedway was a 1/4 mile short track high banked asphalt oval located in Loves Park, Illinois on Illinois Route 173. Up until its demolition in 2023, Rockford Speedway, Chicagoland Speedway, and World Wide Technology Raceway at Gateway were the only racetracks running under NASCAR sanctions in Illinois.

It hosted weekly local-level events during the summer racing season as well as occasional regional- and national-level events. Notable special events at the track included trailer races, endurance races, the Spring Classic, ALl-Star 100, Bahama Bracket Nationals, and the National Short Track Championship.

Loves Park, Illinois
Loves Park is a city in Boone and Winnebago counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. Most of the city is in Winnebago County, with a tiny sliver in the east located in Boone County. The population was 23,397 at the 2020 census.

Loves Park is part of the Rockford metropolitan area.
Glibc
The GNU C Library, commonly known as glibc, is the GNU Project implementation of the C standard library. It provides a wrapper around the system calls of the Linux kernel and other kernels for application use. Despite its name, it now also directly supports C++ (and, indirectly, other programming languages). It was started in the 1980s by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU operating system.

glibc is free software released under the GNU Lesser General Public License. The GNU C Library project provides the core libraries for the GNU system, as well as many systems that use Linux as the kernel. These libraries provide critical APIs including ISO C11, POSIX.1-2008, BSD, OS-specific APIs and more. These APIs include such foundational facilities as open, read, write, malloc, printf, getaddrinfo, dlopen, pthread_create, crypt, login, exit and more.

Getaddrinfo
In C programming, the  functions getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo()  convert domain names, hostnames, and IP addresses between human-readable text representations and structured binary formats for the operating system's networking API. Both functions are contained in the POSIX standard application programming interface (API).

getaddrinfo and getnameinfo are inverse functions of each other. They are network protocol agnostic, and support both IPv4 and IPv6. It is the recommended interface for name resolution in building protocol independent applications and for transitioning legacy IPv4 code to the IPv6 Internet.

Internally, the functions may use a variety of resolution methods not limited to the Domain Name System (DNS). The Name Service Switch is commonly used on Unix-like systems and affects most implementation of this pair as it did with their BSD-socket era predecessors.
Siege of Sadr City
The Siege of Sadr City was a blockade of the Shi'a district of northeastern Baghdad carried out by US and Iraqi government forces in an attempt to destroy the main power base of the insurgent Mahdi Army in Baghdad. The siege began on 4 April 2004 – later dubbed "Black Sunday" – with an uprising against the Coalition Provisional Authority following the government banning of a newspaper published by Muqtada Al-Sadr's Sadrist Movement. The most intense periods of fighting in Sadr City occurred during the first uprising in April 2004, the second in August the same year, during the sectarian conflict that gripped Baghdad in late 2006, during the Iraq War troop surge of 2007, and during the spring fighting of 2008.

2008 Iraq spring fighting
The 2008 Iraq spring fighting was a series of clashes between the Mahdi Army and allies and the Iraqi Army supported by coalition forces, in southern Iraq and parts of Baghdad, that began with an Iraqi offensive in Basra.
Outline of Brunei
The following outline is provided as an overview of and a topical guide to Brunei:

Brunei is a sovereign country located on the north coast of the Island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea it is surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, and is separated into two parts by Limbang, which is part of Sarawak.

Brunei, the remnant of a very powerful sultanate, regained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984.

Legislative Council of Brunei
The Legislative Council of Brunei (Malay: Majlis Mesyuarat Negara Brunei; Jawi: مجليس مشوارت نڬارا بروني‎; abbrev: LegCo) is the unicameral legislature of Brunei. As of the most recent composition, the Council consists of 34 members, including cabinet ministers who serve ex officio, all of whom are appointed by the Sultan. The Sultan of Brunei, who also serves as Prime Minister, holds full executive authority under the Constitution of 1959, which grants him extensive powers, including emergency authority first invoked in 1962.

The Council convenes annually, typically in March, at its building in Bandar Seri Begawan. Proceedings are presided over by the Speaker of the Council, who is also appointed by the Sultan. While the Council's role is largely consultative, it participates in legislative processes including the review of national budgets, the introduction and passage of bills, and the discussion of government policy.
Catocala grisatra
Catocala grisatra, the grisatra underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from the coastal plain in Bladen County, North Carolina, south through Georgia  to Florida.

The wingspan is 48–55 mm. Adults are on wing from May to June. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Crataegus.

Bladen County, North Carolina
Bladen County (/ˈbleɪdən/) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,606. Its county seat is Elizabethtown. The county was created in 1734 as Bladen Precinct and gained county status in 1739.
Sensory design
Sensory design aims to establish an overall diagnosis of the sensory perceptions of a product, and define appropriate means to design or redesign it on that basis. It involves an observation of the situations in which a product is used and an assessment of the users' opinion, its positive and negative aspects in terms of tactility, appearance, sound and so on.

Sensory assessment aims to quantify and describe, in a systematic manner, all human perceptions when confronted with a product. A sensory analysis of a product is either carried out by a panel of  trained testers, or by specialized test equipment designed to mimic the perception of humans.

Psychological testing
Psychological testing refers to the administration of psychological tests. Psychological tests are administered or scored by trained evaluators. A person's responses are evaluated according to carefully prescribed guidelines. Scores are thought to reflect individual or group differences in the theoretical construct the test purports to measure. The science behind psychological testing is psychometrics.
Nafissath Radji
Nafissath Radji (born 2 August 2002 in Porto-Novo) is a Beninese swimmer.

She competed in the girls' 50 metre backstroke event at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She did not qualify to compete in the semi-finals.

In 2019, she represented Benin at the World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event. She did not advance to compete in the semi-finals. She also competed in the women's 50 metre backstroke event. In that same year, she also represented Benin at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco.

In 2021, she competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. Her time of 29.99 seconds in her heat did not qualify for the semifinals.

She represented Benin at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships held in Budapest, Hungary. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre freestyle events.

2019 African Games
The 12th African Games (Arabic: الألعاب الإفريقية الثانية عشرة), also known as Rabat 2019 (Arabic: الرباط 2019), were held from 19 to 31 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco. This was the first time that the African Games were hosted by Morocco following the country's readmission to the African Union in January 2017.

Later five Egyptian athletes (Abderrahmane Al Sayed, Ibrahim Moustafa, Samar Hossein, Sara Ahmed Samir, Farag Salma) were disqualified due to anti-doping violations.