hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clinical electrophysiology
Clinical electrophysiology is the application of electrophysiology principles to medicine. The two main branches of this discipline are electrotherapy and electrophysiologic testing (EEG, electromyography, etc.) Clinical electrophysiology can be utilized in the study and treatment of various physiological conditions, and most notably in clinical cardiac electrophysiology.

Electrotherapy
Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. Electrotherapy is a part of neurotherapy aimed at changing the neuronal activity. The term has also been applied specifically to the use of electric current to speed up wound healing. The use of electromagnetic stimulation or EMS is also very wide for dealing with muscular pain. Additionally, the term "electrotherapy" or "electromagnetic therapy" has also been applied to a range of alternative medical devices and treatments. Evidence supporting the effectiveness of electrotherapy is limited (see section Medical uses below).
2022 Women's LEN Super Cup
The 2022 Women's LEN Super Cup was the 16th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for Women's water polo clubs. The match was an all-Greek derby between European champions Olympiacos Piraeus (winners of the 2021–22 LEN Euro League Women) and Ethnikos Piraeus (winners of the 2021–22 Women's LEN Trophy). The match was held in Piraeus, Greece, on 17 December 2022.

Olympiacos Piraeus contested the match for the second consecutive year. The Greek side won its second consecutive Super Cup, their third in total, beating Ethnikos Piraeus 11–4.

European Aquatics
European Aquatics (formerly French: Ligue Européenne de Natation, English: European Swimming League, popularly known by its acronym LEN) is the European governing body for aquatic sports affiliated to World Aquatics — it is the Continental Association for Europe. It was formally organized in 1927 in Bologna, and since 2015 is headquartered in Nyon.

European Aquatics comprises 52 national swimming federations in Europe, and includes Israel which for Olympic-sport purposes is grouped with Europe. European Aquatics is overseen by an elected Bureau (board) composed of Members representing 17 different Federations. European Aquatics oversees aquatic sports in Europe: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo.
The Big Picture (Big L album)
The Big Picture is the second studio album by American rapper Big L. The album was slated for a 1999 release, but due to Big L's murder, it was posthumously released on August 1, 2000, on Rawkus Records and Big L's Flamboyant Entertainment. It was incomplete at the time of Big L's death, and was posthumously completed by his manager and partner in Flamboyant Entertainment, Rich King. Recording sessions for the album took place primarily at D&D Studios in New York City, New York throughout 1998 and early 1999. It was produced by DJ Premier (who also executive produced the album), Ron Browz, Ron G, Lord Finesse, Pete Rock, Shomari, Mike Heron, Ysae, and Showbiz. The Big Picture features appearances from Fat Joe, Remy Ma, Guru, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, 2Pac, Sadat X, and more.

Remy Ma
Reminisce Kioni Smith (formerly Mackie; born May 30, 1980), known professionally as Remy Ma, is an American rapper. Discovered by the late rapper Big Pun, she came to prominence for her work as a member of Fat Joe's group, Terror Squad. Her debut solo album, There's Something About Remy: Based on a True Story (2006), sold 37,000 copies in its first week. Ma's most commercially successful songs include "Lean Back", "Conceited", and "All the Way Up".

She is one of five multi-time winners of the BET Award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist, which she won in 2005 and 2017. Ma is the recipient of two Vibe Awards, two Source Awards, and has been nominated for four Grammy Awards. From 2015 to 2020, she starred on VH1's reality series Love & Hip Hop: New York, alongside her ex-husband Papoose.
Wil Edmunds
William Glyndwr "Wil" Edmunds OBE (born 1947) is a retired Welsh educationalist. He was Principal of Coleg Ceredigion and then Principal/Chief Executive of Deeside College 1997-2004, during which time the college was the first Further Education college to be awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize. In 2004 he was appointed chair of ACCAC, the Qualifications, Curriculum and Assessment Authority for Wales.

Edmunds has a degree in music from Bretton Hall College, University of Leeds, and a master's degree in social psychology from the University of Liverpool.  He received the OBE in 2001 for "services to Further Education".

Bretton Hall College of Education
Bretton Hall College of Education was a higher education college  in West Bretton in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England.  It opened as a teacher training college in 1949 with awards from the University of Leeds. The college merged with the University of Leeds in 2001 and the campus closed in 2007.
Williamson (surname)
The surname Williamson was first found in the Royal burgh of Peebles, where this predominantly Scottish Clan who are a Sept of Clan Gunn held a Family Seat anciently, although their interests straddled the English Scottish border and they held territories as far south as Keswick in Cumberland.

Sept
A sept (/sɛpt/) is a division of a family, especially of a Scottish or Irish family. The term is used both in Scotland and in Ireland, where it may be translated as  Irish sliocht, meaning "progeny" or "seed", and may indicate the descendants of a person (for example, Irish: Sliocht Bhriain Mhic Dhiarmada, "the descendant of Brian MacDermott"). The word may derive from the Latin saeptum, meaning "enclosure" or "fold", or via an alteration of the English-language word "sect".
Phoropter
A phoropter or refractor is an ophthalmic testing device. It is commonly used by eye care professionals during an eye examination, and contains different lenses used for refraction of the eye during sight testing, to measure an individual's refractive error and determine their eyeglass prescription. It also is used to measure the patient's phorias and ductions, which are characteristics of binocularity.

American Optical Company
The American Optical Company, also known as AO Eyewear, is an American luxury eyewear and sunglass company based in Vernon Hills, Illinois, near Chicago. AO designs and manufactures in the United States.
Guillermo B. Francisco
Guillermo Beato Francisco (10 February 1885 – 7 April 1976) was a Filipino military officer who served in the Philippine Constabulary and the Philippine Army. He was the Chief of Philippine Constabulary in 1938 until 1941. His constabularies were absorbed by the Army and he commanded the 2nd Regular Division (Philippines) during the invasion by Japan, and then survived the Bataan Death March. Paroled from prison, Francisco continued to be a constabulary leader during the Japanese occupation.

Philippine Army
The Philippine Army (PA) (Filipino: Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas) is the main, oldest and largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), responsible for ground warfare. As of 2025, it had an estimated strength of 110,000 personnel. The service branch was established on December 21, 1935, as the Army of the Philippines.

The Philippine Army has been engaged in numerous combat operations, including the ongoing Communist rebellion in the Philippines, the Moro conflict and, alongside other national military forces, in conflicts of international scope and on United Nations peacekeeping missions in various parts of the globe.

The Commanding General of the Philippine Army is its professional and overall head. Its main headquarters (Headquarters Philippine Army or HPA) is located at Fort Andres Bonifacio, Taguig City.
1963 FAMAS Awards
The 11th FAMAS Awards Night was presented by the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences on April 14, 1963, honoring the outstanding achievements of Filipino films for the year 1962.

El filibusterismo is a film adaptation of Jose Rizal's novel of the same name, and was made by the same company who made the film Noli Me Tángere. It won the FAMAS Award for Best Picture and another FAMAS for Best Director to Gerardo de León.

Noli Me Tángere (film)
Noli Me Tángere is a 1961 Philippine period drama film co-written and directed by Gerardo de León. Based on the 1887 novel of the same name by José Rizal, it stars Eduardo del Mar, Edita Vital, Johnny Monteiro, Oscar Keesee, Teody Belarmino, and Leopoldo Salcedo. The film was released on June 16, 1961, timed with the centenary of Rizal's birth.

Noli Me Tángere won five FAMAS Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. The film is now considered a classic in Philippine cinema.
Richard West (cricketer, born 1916)
Richard West (8 April 1916 – 18 June 1983) was an English first-class cricketer.

West was born in April 1916 at Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. He was educated at Rugby School, before going up to Brasenose College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1936 and 1937, making eight appearances. Playing as a right-arm fast-medium bowler, he took 28 wickets at an average of 24.60. He took one five wicket haul, with figures of 5 for 74 against the British Army cricket team in 1937. A tailend batsman, he scored 43 runs with a high score of 18. In addition to playing first-class cricket for Oxford, West trialled for Surrey in 1935, but was unable to secure a place in their first team. He died in June 1983 at Dry Sandford, Berkshire.

Dry Sandford
Dry Sandford is a village in the Vale of White Horse district of England, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Abingdon. It is one of two villages in the civil parish of St Helen Without. It was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred the Vale of White Horse to Oxfordshire.
Will Sessoms
William Douglas Sessoms Jr. (born c. 1954) is an American politician and bank officer who served as the mayor of Virginia Beach, Virginia from 2008 until his resignation in April, 2018. He was president and CEO of Towne Financial Services Group, a division of TowneBank of Hampton Roads, Virginia from 2011 to 2014.

Sessoms was previously councilman (1988–2002) and vice mayor of Virginia Beach (1992–2002). He declined to run for re-election in 2002. Sessoms was previously a president and director of the Virginia Beach region at TowneBank (2005–2011).

Bank officer
A bank officer is an employee of a bank endowed with the legal capacity to agree to and sign documents on behalf of the institution. The title is usually held by branch managers, assistant managers, loan officers, and other experienced personnel. Executives are considered officers of the bank for legal purposes.

The title is also used to designate those branch personnel who act in a supervisory capacity and ensure good customer service.

In larger banks, an officer at the branch level sometimes reviews accounts and makes decisions on whether to honour NSF items or to return them. Such decisions are usually left up to those who are legally responsible to act on behalf of the bank.
Jesper Samuelsson
Jesper Samuelsson (born June 13, 1988) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He has played for several teams, including  IF Sundsvall Hockey and Timrå IK.

In the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, Samuelsson was selected by the Detroit Red Wings in the 7th round, 211th overall, which happened to be the last pick in the draft. While he was not offered a contract with the Detroit Red Wings, he continued his career in Sweden.

Samuelsson has had success in his home country, including winning the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan championship with Timrå IK in the 2017-2018 season. He has also represented Sweden in international competitions, playing for the national team in the 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

Samuelsson continues to play in the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan championship with HC Vita Hästen “C” even up to 2023. While drafted into the NHL, Samuelsson has not appeared in the league till date.

Timrå IK
Timrå Ishockeyklubb is a professional Swedish ice hockey team based in Timrå, north of Sundsvall. It competes in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), which is the top-tier league in Sweden, since being promoted by winning 2021 SHL qualifiers. Previous seasons in the top Swedish division include 1956–57 to 1975–76, 1977–78, 1981–82, 2000–01 to 2012–13 and 2018–19. The team's home venue is Timrå Isstadion with a capacity of 6,000 spectators.

The club was founded on 11 May 1928 as a boxing club and started the ice hockey section in 1937. Timrå are historically traditional rivals with Modo Hockey since they both are situated in Västernorrland County and are playing in the professional ice hockey leagues in Sweden.
Julia Twardowska
Julia Twardowska  (born 4 May 1995 in Środa Wielkopolska) is a Polish volleyball player. She is part of the Poland women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2018 Montreux Volley Masters, and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League.
At the club level she played for Budowlani Łódź in 2018.

Poland women's national volleyball team
The Poland women's national volleyball team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski w piłce siatkowej kobiet) represents Poland in international volleyball competition. The team is controlled by the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej, PZPS), the governing body for volleyball in Poland, which represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches.

Poland's greatest achievements to date have been winning bronze medals at the 1964 and the 1968 Summer Olympics, silver medal at the 1952 World Championship as well as gold medals at the 2003 and the 2005 European Championship.

The Polish national team is ranked 4th in the FIVB world ranking as of as of 10 September 2025.
Miroslavs Mitrofanovs
Miroslavs Mitrofanovs or Miroslav Mitrofanov (Russian: Миросла́в Бори́сович Митрофа́нов, Miroslav Borisovich Mitrofanov; born 18 December 1966 in Daugavpils, Soviet Union) is a Latvian Russian journalist and politician, Member of the 7th and 9th Saeima for For Human Rights in United Latvia. Co-chairman of ForHRUL (later renamed LRU) since 2011. He had been a member of the European Parliament since March 2018 until July 2019. In 2020, Mitrofanov was elected to the Riga City Council.

In 2020 Mitrofanovs, alongside his party members Tatjana Ždanoka and Andrejs Mamikins, was included in the European Platform for Democratic Elections database of "biased observers" for backing disputed and rigged elections in Russia and occupied Ukraine.

Russians in Latvia
In Latvia, Russians have been the largest ethnic minority in the country for the last two centuries. The number of Russians in Latvia more than quadrupled during the Soviet occupation of Latvia when the size of the community grew from 8.8% of the total population in 1935 (206,499) to 34.0% in 1989 (905,515). It started to decrease in size again after Latvia regained independence in 1991 falling to 24.1% at the beginning of 2025.
Jason McCoombs
Jason McCoombs (born April 24, 1993) is a Canadian sprint canoeist.

His home club is the Banook Canoe Club in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. As a 16-year-old at the 2009 Canada Games McCoombs represented Nova Scotia where he won three gold medals, two individually in the 200 and 500 m, as well as one in the C-2 1000 m. He won another three gold medals at the 2010 Junior Pan American Canoe Championships in Mexico in the C-1 200m, 500m and the C-2 200m. In addition he won two silver medals in the C-1 1000m and C-4 1000m.

McCoombs competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the C-1 200 metres event placing 12th. At the 2013 Under-23 World Championships in Niagara he claimed the silver medal in the C-1 200m.

Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/ DART-məth) is a built-up community of the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. Located on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour, Dartmouth has 72,139 residents as of 2021.
Leo Trippe
Leonard Lawton Trippe (November 20, 1891 – 1964) was an American-born Canadian hardware merchant, farm implement dealer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Turtleford from 1948 to 1952 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.

He was born in Schuyler, Nebraska, the son of Dr. E.R. Trippe, and was educated in the United States. In 1917, Trippe married Maude Wright. He served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I. He was defeated by Bob Wooff when he ran for reelection in 1952.

Turtleford (electoral district)
Turtleford was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, centred on the town of Turtleford.

Created before the 4th Saskatchewan general election in 1917, this constituency was dissolved and combined with the Cut Knife district (as "Battleford-Cut Knife") before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995. It is now part of the ridings of Cut Knife-Turtleford and Rosthern-Shellbrook.
Chak Pira Shah
Chak Pira Shah is a village in Amawan block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 11 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, its population is 819, in 133 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Chak Pira Shah (as "Chak Peer Shah") as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 337 people (163 male and 174 female), in 66 households and 64 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 254 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Chak Pira Shah (as "Chak Perashah") as having a population of 508 people, in 113 households, and having an area of 98.75 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

Raebareli district
Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

As of 2011, its population is 3,405,559, which makes it the 27th largest in the state. It is a predominantly rural district, with 91% of the population living in rural areas.
Via XXXI
The item to Laminio, alio itinere Cæsarea Augusta, as it appears in the original document, or Antonine Itinerary A-31, according to the nomenclature adopted by Eduardo Saavedra to classify the Roman roads of Hispania that appear in that document, is a communication route of Ancient Rome through the current Iberian Peninsula. Of all the Hispanic Itineraries, this is one of the most difficult to reconstruct since most of its points of passage have not yet been fully established, among them Laminio, the city of origin, and there are notable discrepancies within the scientific community.

Eduardo Saavedra
Eduardo Saavedra y Moragas (27 February 1829 in Tarragona – 12 March 1912 in Madrid), Spanish engineer, architect, archaeologist and Arabist, member of the Real Academia de la Historia, Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences, Real Academia Española and cofounder-president of the Real Sociedad Geográfica.
Charles W. Goodyear House
The Charles W. Goodyear House is located at 888 Delaware Avenue in Buffalo, New York, part of the Delaware Avenue Historic District, a federally designated historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1974. The Châteauesque house was designed by prominent Buffalo architect Edward Green, of the Buffalo architecture firm Green & Wicks, and was completed in 1903 at a cost of $500,000 (equivalent to $17,498,000 in 2024). The home was built for Charles and Ella Goodyear. Goodyear was a founder and head of several companies including the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad, Great Southern Lumber Company, and the New Orleans Great Northern Railroad Company, as well as a director of Marine National Bank, and General Railway Signal.

Juglans
Walnut trees are any species of tree in the plant genus Juglans, the type genus of the family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are referred to as walnuts.  All species are deciduous trees, 10–40 metres (33–131 ft) tall, with pinnate leaves 200–900 millimetres (7.9–35.4 in), with 5–25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered pith, a character shared with the wingnuts (Pterocarya), but not the hickories (Carya) in the same family.

The 21 species in the genus range across the north temperate Old World from southeast Europe east to Japan, and more widely in the New World from southeast Canada west to California and south to Argentina.

Edible walnuts, which are consumed worldwide, are usually harvested from cultivated varieties of the species Juglans regia. China produces half of the world total of walnuts.
Sujit Choudhry
Sujit Choudhry is a lawyer, legal scholar, and expert in comparative constitutional law.

Choudhry was on the faculty at the University of Toronto and New York University School of Law before being named dean University of California, Berkeley School of Law. He stepped down from his position as dean in 2016 after being accused of sexually harassing an executive assistant, which he denied, paying a $100,000 settlement but retaining his position on the faculty.

New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.
USS Scout (AM-296)
USS Scout (AM-296) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the United States Navy during World War II; she was the third U.S. Navy ship to bear the name. She was awarded 5 battle stars for service in the Pacific during World War II. She was decommissioned in February 1947 and placed in reserve. Although she did not see service in the war zone, Scout was recommissioned in May 1951 during the Korean War and remained in commission until March 1954, when she was placed in reserve again. While she remained in reserve, Scout was reclassified as MSF-296 in February 1955 but never reactivated. In October 1962, she was sold to the Mexican Navy and renamed ARM DM-09. Although she is reported out of service, her ultimate fate is not reported in secondary sources.

Orange, Texas
Orange is a city in and the county seat of Orange County, Texas, United States. The population was 19,324 at the 2020 census. It is the easternmost city in Texas, located on the Sabine River at the border with Louisiana, and is 113 miles (182 km) from Houston. Orange is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area. Founded in 1836, it is a deep-water port to the Gulf of Mexico.