hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cowie Castle
Cowie Castle is a ruined fortress in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.  The site lies at the northern end of Stonehaven on the North Sea coast.  To the immediate south is the Cowie Bridge crossing of the Cowie Water.  Evidence of prehistoric man exists in the vicinity dating to the Iron Age in the form of ring cairns.

Cairn
A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word cairn comes from the Irish: carn [ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ] (plural cairn [ˈkʰaːrˠɲ]).

Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, they were raised as markers, as memorials and as burial monuments, some of which contained chambers.

In the modern era, cairns are often raised as landmarks, especially to mark the summits of mountains, and as trail markers. They vary in size from small piles of stones to entire artificial hills, and in complexity from loose conical rock piles to elaborate megalithic structures. Cairns may be painted or otherwise decorated, whether for increased visibility or for religious reasons.
VIII Corps (German Empire)
The VIII Army Corps / VIII AK (German: VIII. Armee-Korps) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I.

Originating on 21 June 1815 as the General Command for the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine and established on 3 April 1820 as VIII Corps.  The headquarters was in Koblenz and its catchment area was the Rhine Province and the Principality of Birkenfeld of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.

The Corps served in the Austro-Prussian War.  During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 1st Army.

In peacetime the Corps was assigned to the V Army Inspectorate but joined the 4th Army at the start of the First World War.  It was still in existence at the end of the war.  The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Service Dress (British Army)
Service Dress is the style of khaki service dress uniform introduced by the British Army for use in the field from the early 1900s, following the experiences of a number of imperial wars and conflicts, including the Second Boer War. This variant of uniform continues to be worn today, although only in a formal role, as No. 2 Pattern dress.

Secretary of State for War
The Secretary of State for War, commonly called the War Secretary, was a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom. The position existed from 1794 to 1801 and again from 1854 to 1964. The Secretary of State for War headed the War Office and was assisted by an under-secretary, a parliamentary private secretary who was also a member of parliament (MP), and a military secretary, who was a general.
Bidens mottle virus
Bidens mottle virus (BiMoV) is a pathogenic plant virus in the plant virus family Potyviridae. BiMoV is a flexuous filamentous particle, 720 nm long, and belongs to the Potyviridae genus Potyvirus. Like other viruses in this genus, Bidens mottle virus is transmitted both mechanically by sap and by aphids in a stylet-borne fashion.

BiMoV was first described in 1968 by Steve Christie, John Edwardson, and Bill Zettler from the Plant Pathology and Agronomy Departments at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. This virus was originally isolated from a mottled plant of the common weed Bidens pilosa collected in Gainesville – hence the name Bidens mottle virus. At the same time it was also found in pepperweed (Lepidium virginicum).

B. pilosa can be doubly infected with BiMoV and a second virus called Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV).  SYNV is asymptomatic in B. pilosa but it enhances the symptoms of BiMoV in this plant when both viruses are present.)

Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Professionals in the field are known as agronomists.
Mus2
Mus2 (pronounced [musiˈki]) is a music application for the notation of microtonal works and is designed for Turkish maqam music. Mus2 allows the user to work in many tuning systems with customizable accidentals, playing back the score with accurate intonation.

Musical tuning
In music, there are two common meanings for tuning:

Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice.

Tuning systems, the various systems of pitches used to tune an instrument, and their theoretical bases.
Symphony No. 20 (Myaskovsky)
Nikolai Myaskovsky's Symphony No. 20 in E major, his Op. 50, was written in 1940.  It is dedicated to Yuri Shaporin. The symphony was premiered on 28 November 1940 by Nikolai Golovanov conducting the Large All-Union Radio SO. It has three movements:

Allegro con spirito (ca. 8 minutes)

Adagio, in C major (ca. 9 minutes, initial tempo quarter note=52)

Allegro inquieto, in E minor (ca. 10 minutes, initial tempo half note=104)

The first movement is in sonata form.  The Adagio is on two themes, in C and in A♭, which appear contrapuntally at the reappearance of the first; it has the form A-B (l'Istesso tempo, Andantino)-A'-B'-coda.  The finale is a rondo whose E major concluding pages incorporate a climactic reappearance by the main theme of the Adagio, leading Richard Taruskin to remark of this symphony that it is Myaskovsky's "Land of Hope and Glory".

C major
C major is a major scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. C major is one of the most common keys used in music. Its key signature has  no flats or sharps. Its relative minor is A minor and its parallel minor is C minor.

The C major scale is:

These are less common and mostly used in jazz. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

On the piano, the C major scale can be played by playing only the white keys starting on C.
Ingunn Hultgreen Weltzien
Ingunn Hultgreen Weltzien (born 19 May 1986) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor and cross-country skier.

She received a bronze medal in the relay event at the 2007 World Orienteering Championships in Kyiv, together with Marianne Andersen and Anne Margrethe Hausken. She became Junior World Champion in sprint in Druskininkai in 2006.

She represents the club IL Tyrving. She has a silver medal in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2008 Norwegian Championships, with the time 10:24.69 minutes, a personal best.

Ingunn Hultgreen Welzien is daughter of orienteering world champion (in relay) and cross-country skier Eystein Weltzien, and her mother, Wenche, has also been on the national orienteering team. She is a younger sister of Audun Weltzien.

Druskininkai
Druskininkai (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ˈdrʊsʲkʲɪnʲɪŋkɐɪ]; also see other names) is a spa city on the Nemunas River in southern Lithuania, close to the borders of Belarus and Poland. The city of Druskininkai is known for being a spa resort since the 19th century.
Andrzej Kościelecki
Andrzej Jędrzej Kościelecki (b. 1455, d. 1515) was a Marshal of the household of Cardinal Fryderyk Jagiellończyk, starosta of Bydgoszcz from 1485, starosta of Świecie from 1487, Marshal of the Court from 1501, starosta of Spiš from 1507, Castellan of Wiślica and Biecz from 1508, Żupnik of Wieliczka–Bochnia from 1508, Podskarbi from 1509, starosta of Oświęcim from 1509, starosta of Inowrocław from 1510, starosta of Nowy Sącz from 1512, starosta of Zator from 1513, Castellan of Wojnicz from 1513, Gran Steward and the burgrave of Kraków. He was born in Kościelec.

He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

Wiślica
Wiślica ([viˈɕlit͡sa]) (Yiddish: Vayslits) is a town in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wiślica. It lies on the Nida River, approximately 14 km (9 mi) south of Busko-Zdrój and 60 km (37 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. In 2016 the town had a population of 503. It was the smallest town in Poland in 2018.
Sreemangal Upazila
Sreemangal (Bengali: শ্রীমঙ্গল, romanized: Srimongol) is an upazila of Moulvibazar District in Sylhet Division, Bangladesh. It is located at the southwest of the district, and borders the Habiganj District to the west and the Indian state of Tripura to the south. Sreemangal is often referred to as the 'tea capital' of Bangladesh, and is most famous for its tea fields. Other than tea, the rubber, pineapple, wood, betel, and lemon industries also exist in the upazila.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
Hollywood, Worcestershire
Hollywood is a large village predominantly located in the Bromsgrove district of Worcestershire, England, almost contiguous with and to the south of the city of Birmingham. Hollywood was formerly part of Kings Norton, but when Birmingham expanded in 1911, Hollywood remained in Worcestershire. The village now lies across the wards of Hollywood, most of Drakes Cross, the Trueman's Heath polling district area of Trueman's Heath parish ward and, following a 1966 border change, the southern portion of the Birmingham Highter's Heath ward, with all but the latter being located within the civil parish of Wythall. The southern part of the village is also known as Drakes Cross, whilst the eastern part is sometimes referred to as Trueman's Heath. Hollywood is situated in the extreme northeastern corner of Worcestershire, 8.5mi/13km south of Birmingham city centre, 6mi/9.5km west of Solihull and 8mi/12.5km northeast of Redditch.

Maypole, Birmingham
The Maypole, Birmingham is a location on the A435 road on the southern edge of Birmingham, England, between Druids Heath and Highter's Heath and bordering the Bromsgrove district of Worcestershire. It has a population of 2,260 according to the 2011 Census.
2010 African Swimming Championships
The 10th African Swimming Championships were held September 13–19, 2010 in Casablanca, Morocco. The event was hosted by the Royal Moroccan Swimming Federation. It featured pool competition in a 50m (long course) pool; and Open Water races.

Competition locations were:

pool: Mohammed V Sport Complex (Complexe sportif Mohammed V)

open water: Sidi Abbed beach in Temara.

Temara
Temara (Arabic: تمارة) is a coastal city in Morocco.
It is located in the region of Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, directly south of Rabat on the Atlantic coast, in the suburban area of the capital. The city with 297,098 inhabitants as of 2024  is the capital of Skhirate-Témara Prefecture. It is twinned with Saint Germain en Laye, France. The city has beaches and a small pleasure port.
Felicity Colman
Felicity Colman (born 1967) is an Australian academic and Creative Media Arts theorist. She is Professor of Film and Media Arts. She is the Dean of Research and Knowledge Exchange for the London College of Fashion at University of the Arts London

University of the Arts London
The University of the Arts London (UAL) is a public collegiate university in London, England, United Kingdom. It specialises in arts, design, fashion, and the performing arts. The university is a federation of six arts colleges: Camberwell College of Arts, Central Saint Martins, Chelsea College of Arts, the London College of Communication, the London College of Fashion and the Wimbledon College of Arts.: 263

The University of the Arts London was established as The London Institute in 1986, became a university in 2003, and took its present name in 2004. The university hosts one of the largest international student bodies out of all universities in the United Kingdom.
Whispering Forest
Whispering Forest is a residential community on the hills of the North Shore of Big Bear City, CA, just north of the Big Bear City Airport (opposite side of W. North Shore Drive). The neighborhood is located less than a mile north-east of Baker Pond and just 500 feet north of the airport. It borders National Forest to the north, Division Drive to the west, and the West North Shore Drive to the south. It is situated at the base of National Forest and backs to woodlands and densely forested areas to the north. Areas such as Holcomb Valley, the Pacific Crest Trail and Caribou Creek are all accessible to the north through Van Dusen Canyon Road in the east. It is an established neighborhood developed by the Whispering Forest Development Company. It is situated at a 6,750 feet elevation and is frequently suffering wildfires during the hotter summer months. The neighborhood is also frequently visited by wildlife such as black bears and mountain lions.

Residential community
A residential community  is a community, usually a small town or city, that is composed mostly of residents, as opposed to commercial businesses and/or industrial facilities, all three of which are considered to be the three main types of occupants of the typical community.

Residential communities are typically communities that help support more commercial or industrial communities with consumers and workers. That phenomenon is probably because some people prefer not to live in an urban or industrial area, but rather a suburban or rural setting. For that reason, they are also called dormitory towns, bedroom communities, or commuter towns.

An example of residential community would include a small town or city outside a larger city or a large town located near a smaller but more commercially- or industrially-centered town or city, for instance Taitou in Gaocun, Wuqing, and Tianjin, China.
Somatic cell count
A somatic cell count (SCC) is a cell count of somatic cells in a fluid specimen, usually milk. In dairying, the SCC is an indicator of the quality of milk—specifically, its low likeliness to contain harmful bacteria, and thus its high food safety. White blood cells (leukocytes) constitute the majority of somatic cells in question. The number of somatic cells increases in response to pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of mastitis. The SCC is quantified as cells per milliliter. General agreement rests on a reference range of less than 100,000 cells/mL for uninfected cows and greater than 250,000 for cows infected with significant pathogen levels. Several tests like the Bartovation SCC cow’s milk test and The California mastitis test provide a cow-side measure of somatic cell count. The somatic cell count in the milk also increases after calving when colostrum is produced.

Dairy
A dairy is a place where milk is stored and where butter, cheese, and other dairy products are made, or a place where those products are sold.: 325 : 284  It may be a room, a building, or a larger establishment.: 284  In the United States, the word may also describe a dairy farm or the part of a mixed farm dedicated to milk for human consumption,: 284  whether from cows, buffaloes, goats, yaks, sheep, horses or camels.

The attributive dairy describes milk-based products, derivatives, and processes, and the animals and workers involved in their production, for example dairyman, dairymaid, dairy cattle or dairy goat. A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products. These establishments constitute the global dairy industry, part of the food industry.

The word dairy comes from an Old English word for female servant, as milking was historically done by dairymaids.
Jack Leggett
Jack Leggett (born March 5, 1954) is an American college baseball coach. He was recently the head coach of the Clemson Tigers from 1994 to 2015.  Under Leggett, the Tigers reached the College World Series six times.  As of the end of the 2012 season, he had a career record of 1,224–694–1, with seven conference tournament titles and 23 NCAA tournament appearances. Currently, he operates as an associate for Erik Bakich’s staff at Clemson University.

He was named Atlantic Coast Conference Baseball Coach of the year in 1994, 1995 and 2006.  In 1994, his team won 57 games, a record for the second most single-season wins in ACC history (behind the record 60 wins set by the 1991 Clemson team).

Clemson Tigers baseball
The Clemson Tigers baseball team represents Clemson University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team participates in the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference.  The Tigers are currently coached by head coach Erik Bakich and play their home games in Doug Kingsmore Stadium. The program has reached the NCAA tournament in all but three seasons dating back to 1987. Clemson has made 12 appearances in the College World Series with an all-time record of 12–24 in Omaha.

The team has a heated in-state rivalry with the University of South Carolina. Mark Etheridge of SEBaseball.com has called it "college baseball's most heated rivalry," and Aaron Fitt of Baseball America has called it "far and away the most compelling rivalry college baseball has to offer." As of March 2, 2025, The Clemson Tigers lead the all-time series 191-145-2.
Ella Pirrie
Isabella Barbour Pirrie, DCS (1857–1929), was the first nurse in the Belfast Union Workhouse Infirmary (now the Belfast City Hospital), establishing a nursing school there. She went on to become the first matron at the Deaconess Hospital, Edinburgh, established by Archibald Charteris as a training school for nurses.

Archibald Charteris
Archibald Hamilton Charteris (13 December 1835 – 24 April 1908) was a Scottish theologian, a Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, professor of biblical criticism at the University of Edinburgh and a leading voice in Church reforms. He is credited as being the father of the Woman's Guild and founder of "Life and Work" magazine.
Alexander Alexeyev (ice hockey)
Alexander Alexandrovich Alexeyev (Russian: Александр Александрович Алексеев; born 15 November 1999) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman for the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 31st overall by the Washington Capitals in the 2018 NHL entry draft.

Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins
The Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins (sometimes known as the WBS Penguins) are a professional ice hockey team based in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League's Pittsburgh Penguins. They play at the Mohegan Arena at Casey Plaza in Wilkes-Barre Township, Pennsylvania. They have won the Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy twice for having the best record in the regular season.
Čedo Vuković
Čedo Vuković (Serbian Cyrillic: Чедо Вуковић; 28 September 1920 – 7 April 2014) was a Montenegrin writer.

Vuković was born in Đulići, Andrijevica municipality in north-eastern Montenegro. His early novel, "Mrtvo duboko", is a story written about hiding of a Partisan from Chetniks in an isolated Montenegrin village called Mrtvo Duboko (which literary means Deep Dead) during World War II. Among his other works are books for children "Svemoćno oko" (Allmighty Eye), "Letjelica profesora Bistrouma" (Flying Machine of Professor Brightmind) and "Tim Lavlje srce" (Lion-heart Team). He wrote many other novels including "Visine" and "Rustem", dramatic works like "Bijele vrane" and "Harmonija", and short-story collections. He lived in Podgorica and Budva and was a member of Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. He died in Budva on 7 April 2014 after a long illness.

Budva
Budva (Cyrillic: Будва, pronounced [bûːdv̞a] or [bûdv̞a]) is a town in the Coastal region of Montenegro. It had 17,479 inhabitants as of 2023, and is the centre of Budva Municipality. The coastal area around Budva, known as the Budva Riviera, is the center of Montenegrin tourism, renowned for its well-preserved medieval walled city, sandy beaches, and diverse nightlife. Budva is 2,500 years old, which makes it one of the oldest settlements on the Adriatic coast.
Udhowali Khurd
Udhowali Khurd is a village in Dera Baba Nanak in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 19 kilometres (12 mi) from sub district headquarter and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Dera Baba Nanak
Dera Baba Nanak is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district, in the state of Punjab, India. It is the sub-district headquarters of Dera Baba Nanak tehsil. It is 36 km away from Gurdaspur city, the capital of the district. In November 2019, a corridor between India and Pakistan was established at its shrine.
Eric Weems
Eric G. Weems (born July 4, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver, special teamer, and return specialist in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Bethune–Cookman Wildcats and was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He also played for the Chicago Bears and Tennessee Titans.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."