hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norma Jean Darden
Norma Jean Darden is a caterer and former model. She was recognized by the 2011 Huffington Post Game Changer Awards. The awards honored African American models featured in The Battle of Versailles Fashion Show which was a fashion show held on November 28, 1973, in the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France. The fashion show was organized to raise money to restore the palace. Darden was among several models recognized, including Pat Cleveland, Bethann Hardison, Billie Blair, Alva Chinn, Charlene Dash, Jennifer Brice, Barbara Jackson, China Machado, Ramona Saunders, and Amina Warsuma.

Darden produced a 1978 cookbook, Spoonbread and Strawberry Wine, with her sister Carole Darden.

Bethann Hardison
Bethann Hardison is an American fashion model and activist. Hardison became one of the first high-profile black models after her appearance at the 1973 Battle of Versailles fashion show. She is also known for her activism on diversity in the fashion industry. Hardison has received several accolades for her work, including the 2014 CFDA Founders Award. Hardison is the mother of actor Kadeem Hardison.
Cladonia gracilis
Cladonia gracilis or the smooth cup lichen is a species of fruticose, cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first described as a new species by  Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow transferred it to the genus Cladonia in 1787. In North America, it is known colloquially as the "smooth Cladonia".

The Cladonia gracilis group is a monophyletic group of species that all are morphologically similar to C. gracilis. In this group, the delimitations of species is difficult due to the morphological similarity between taxa, and the fact that many of the characters used to classify species are influenced by environmental factors such as light exposure, temperature or humidity.

Carl Ludwig Willdenow
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist.  He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants.  Willdenow was also a mentor of Alexander von Humboldt, one of the earliest and best known phytogeographers. He also influenced Christian Konrad Sprengel, who pioneered the study of plant pollination and floral biology.
Dhanyasi
Dhanyasi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 8th melakarta scale Hanumatodi. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Shuddha Dhanyasi and the sampurna raga scale Hanumatodi.

This is the common and popular scale and is used for portraying the bhakthi rasa. According to the Muthuswami Dikshitar school, Dhanyasi is derived from Nariritigaula Melakarta scale, instead of Hanumatodi scale  and includes Chathushruthi Rishabham in the Avarohanam.

Sampurna raga
In Indian classical music, Sampūrṇa rāgas (संपूर्ण, Sanskrit for 'complete', also spelt as sampoorna) have all seven swaras in their scale. In general, the swaras in the Arohana and Avarohana strictly follow the ascending and descending scale as well. That is, they do not have vakra swara phrases (वक्र, meaning 'crooked').

In Carnatic music, the Melakarta ragas are all sampurna ragas, but the converse is not true, i.e., all sampurna ragas are not Melakarta ragas. An example is Bhairavi raga in Carnatic music (different from the Bhairavi of Hindustani music). Some examples of Melakarta ragas are Mayamalavagowla, Todi, Sankarabharanam and Kharaharapriya.
SMS Danzig (1851)
SMS Danzig was a paddle corvette of the Prussian Navy. She was the lead warship during the Battle of Tres Forcas in 1856, one of the first examples of Prussian gunboat diplomacy. She was later decommissioned from the Prussian Navy and served in the navy of the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate as the Kaiten (Japanese: 回天) from 1864 until 1869, and then briefly with the breakaway Ezo Republic until her destruction later the same year.

Prussian Navy
The Prussian Navy (German: Preußische Marine), officially the Royal Prussian Navy (German: Königlich Preußische Marine), was the naval force of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1701 to 1867.

The Prussian Navy was created in 1701 from the former Brandenburg Navy after the elevation of Frederick I from Duke of Prussia to King in Prussia. The Prussian Navy fought in several wars but was active mainly as a merchant navy throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, as Prussia's military consistently concentrated on the Prussian Army. The Prussian Navy was dissolved in 1867 when Prussia joined the North German Confederation, and its naval forces were absorbed into the North German Federal Navy.
Santa Lucia in Septisolio
Santa Lucia in Septisolio was an ancient Roman church with a diaconia. It formerly stood at the base of the Palatine Hill, near the Septizodium of Septimius Severus, from which it took its name. The date of its destruction is not certain, although it seems to have disappeared definitively after the pontificate of Sixtus V (1585–1590).

Diaconia
A diaconia was originally an establishment built near a church building, for the care of the poor and distribution of the church's charity in medieval Rome or Naples (the successor to the Roman grain supply system, often standing on the very sites of its stationes annonae).  Examples included the sites of San Vito, Santi Alessio e Bonifacio, and Sant'Agatha in Rome, San Gennaro in Naples (headed by a deacon named John in the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth century. The popes allocated to the Romans bathing through diaconia, or private Lateran baths, or even a myriad of monastic bath houses functioning in eighth and ninth centuries.
Fesler
Fesler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James W. Fesler (1911–2005), American political scientist

Peter Fesler, American Air Force general

Wes Fesler (1908–1989), American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach of football and basketball

Wes Fesler
Wesley Eugene Fesler (June 29, 1908 – July 30, 1989) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach of football and basketball. He was a three-sport athlete at Ohio State University and a consensus first-team selection to the College Football All-America Team three straight years (1928–1930). Fesler was later the head football coach at Wesleyan University (1941–1942), the University of Pittsburgh (1946), Ohio State (1947–1950), and the University of Minnesota (1951–1953), compiling a career record of 41–40–8. He was also the head basketball coach at Harvard University (1933–1941), Wesleyan (1941–1944) and Princeton University (1945–1946), tallying a mark of 78–139 Fesler was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1954.
Continental Association of African Neurosurgical Societies
The Continental Association of African Neurosurgical Societies (CAANS)  is the continental, non-governmental, learned society representing the neurosurgeons of African region. It is one of the 5 Continental Associations (AANS, AASNS, CAANS, EANS and FLANC) of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS).

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Francisco Sá Carneiro
Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro GCTE GCC GCL (Portuguese: [fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku ˈsa kɐɾˈnɐjɾu] ⓘ; 19 July 1934 – 4 December 1980) was a Portuguese politician, who was one of the founders and the first leader of the Social Democratic Party (then known as the Popular Democratic Party). He served as Prime Minister of Portugal for eleven months during 1980, until his death in a plane crash in Camarate on 4 December 1980.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
Poland in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2025
Poland was represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "Brightest Light", written by Brajan Litkowiec, Jacek Mrówczyński, Jakub Laszuk, Jeremi Siejka, Krzysztof Junak and Paulina Elżbieta Romaniuk-Jasińska, and performed by Marianna Kłos. The Polish participating broadcaster, Telewizja Polska (TVP), internally selected its entry for the contest.

TVP2
TVP2 (TVP Dwa, Telewizja Polska 2, Program Drugi Telewizji Polskiej, "Dwójka") is a Polish public mainstream TV channel operated by TVP. Launched in October 1970, its varied line-up contains a variety of programming (documentary, history, talk-shows, game-shows) although it focuses on entertainment: stand up comedy, comic shows, cabaret, and themed talk shows (for example on travel or foreign cultures).

TVP2 is broadcast as part of the nationwide, unencrypted (free-to-air) third multiplex of digital terrestrial television (MUX 3). It is also available on all cable networks and satellite digital platforms in accordance with the so-called must-carry rule—a provision in the Broadcasting and Television Act requiring every television operator to offer seven specific channels: TVP1, TVP2, and TVP3, as well as four commercial ones – TVN, Polsat, TV4, and TV Puls.

TVP2 can also be watched for free online through services such as TVP VOD and TVP GO.
Kladeos
The river Kladeos flows through Olympia in Elis, Southern Greece, and empties into the river Alfeios. As a tributary of the Alfeios, the Kladeos is fed by the Plataneiko, Lagadino, Gani, and Liakoto streams. Already in classical antiquity, the river was diverted near Olympia in order to prevent flooding in winter. However, the sanctuary of Olympia was covered by a 4 m thick layer of sediment when it was excavated in 1875.

The river is named after Kladeos (Greek: Κλάδεος, Latin: Cladeus), a river god in Greek mythology who was one of the sons of Oceanus and Tethys.

Southern Greece
Southern Greece (Greek: Νότια Ελλάδα) is a loosely defined geographical term, usually encompassing the Peloponnese peninsula and varying parts of Continental Greece (Attica is usually included), as well as the islands of the Cyclades, the Dodecanese, and Crete. It has never corresponded to a specific administrative or other entity, but is usually defined in juxtaposition with Northern Greece.
Barnala Khurd
Barnala Khurd is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. Kalan is Persian language word which means Big and Khurd is Persian word which means small when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name. It is situated on Ludhiana-Rahon road and located 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) away from Rahon, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Banga, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 93 kilometres (58 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Rahon
Rahon is a town and a municipal council in the district Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar of the Indian state of Punjab. Rahon is in Doaba region of Punjab. Doaba also known as Bist Doab, is the region of Punjab, India that lies between the Beas River and the Sutlej River. A famous battle was fought here between Sikhs and Mughals i.e Battle of Rahon (1710).

Rahon is situated on the 
 - Jaijon line of the Northern railway, Rahon is 7 km from Nawanshahr, the tahsil/subdivision headquarters, and 65 km from Jalandhar, the district headquarters. It is also connected by road with Nawashahr (8 km), Jadla (12 km), Ludhiana (51 km), and Phillaur (37 km), Machhiwara (18 km).

People of Doaba region are given the demonym "Doabia". The dialect of Punjabi spoken in Doaba is called "Doabi". The term "Doaba" or "Doab" is derived from Persian "دو آب" (do āb "two water") meaning "land of two rivers".
Maria Janion
Maria Janion (24 December 1926 – 23 August 2020) was a Polish scholar, literary theorist and critic, as well as a feminist. She was a professor at the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, specialising in literary Romanticism.

Janion was also a member of the Polish Academy of Learning. She held an honorary degree from Gdańsk University.

Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy, often witnessed within Western canon along with some postmodernist theory.
Exia Shelford
Exia Edwards (née Shelford, born 12 November 1975) is a former New Zealand rugby union player, representing New Zealand and Bay of Plenty. She made her international debut at the 1998 Rugby World Cup in the Netherlands. She was also part of two other successful Rugby World Cup's in 2002 and 2006.

In 1999, Shelford scored a try when the Black Ferns beat the United States 65–5 at Palmerston North. At the 2005 Canada Cup she scored a try in the 30–9 victory over Scotland at Ottawa.

Shelford also played rugby league for the New Zealand Māori women's team and netball for Bay of Plenty.

2002 Women's Rugby World Cup
The 2002 Women's Rugby World Cup was the second World Cup fully sanctioned by the sports governing body the International Rugby Board (IRB). The tournament was held in Barcelona, Spain. The format was the same as the previous tournament and again 16 nations competed.

For the first time a pre-tournament qualification match took place to decide Asia's second representative but other than that all competitors took part by invitation. 14 of the 16 teams taking part were the same as in 1998 but two lowest ranked European teams (Sweden and Russia) were replaced by teams from Asia (Japan) and Oceania (Samoa).

The competition was won by defending champions, New Zealand.
José Guadarrama Márquez
José Guadarrama Márquez (born 16 December 1948) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) who served in the upper house of Congress from 1994 to 2000 and again from 2006 to 2012.

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
Trout House
The Trout House was one of three hotels in antebellum Atlanta, Georgia, along with the Atlanta Hotel and Washington Hall. It was built in 1849 by Jeremiah F. Trout. It was a four-story brick building at the northeast corner of Decatur and Pryor Streets, facing the union depot and State Square.

Confederate President Jefferson Davis spoke here during his visit to Atlanta of February 16, 1861, although he did not spend the night.

The hotel was destroyed during General Sherman's burning of Atlanta.

Atlanta Union Station (1853)
Atlanta's first Union Station, also known as Union Depot (1853–1864) was the original depot of Atlanta, Georgia. It was designed by architect Edward A. Vincent. It stood in the middle of State Square, the city's main square at the time, where Wall Street now is between Pryor Street and Central Avenue. It was destroyed in General Sherman's burning of the city during the Battle of Atlanta. Atlanta's 1871 Union Station was built on the site.
Abdalsalam Al-Dabaji
Abdal Salam Al-Dabaji (born 24 April 1979 in Gaza) is a retired athlete who competed internationally for Palestine. He represented Palestine at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He competed in the 800 metres where he finished 8th in his heat and so failed to advance.

Gaza Governorate
31°31′N 34°27′E﻿ / ﻿31.52°N 34.45°E﻿ / 31.52; 34.45

The Gaza Governorate (Arabic: محافظة غزة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ġazza), also alternatively known as Gaza City Governorate, is one of the 16 Governorates of Palestine, located in the north central Gaza Strip. Gaza is claimed by the State of Palestine, but the land is under the partial control of Hamas, while around a third of the governorate, its border with Israel, airspace, and maritime territory, are all controlled by the IDF. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the district's population was 505,700 in 2006. All of its seats were won by Hamas members in the 2006 parliamentary elections. It is governed by Mohammed Qadoura.

The governorate consists of one city, three towns and a number of refugee camps.
The Men's Club
The Men's Club is a 1986 American drama film directed by Peter Medak, based on the novel of the same name by Leonard Michaels. It stars Roy Scheider, Harvey Keitel, Frank Langella, Treat Williams, David Dukes, Craig Wasson, and Richard Jordan.

David Dukes
David Coleman Dukes (June 6, 1945 – October 9, 2000) was an American character actor. He had a long career in films, appearing in 35. Dukes starred in the miniseries The Winds of War and War and Remembrance, and he was a frequent television guest star. Later in life, Dukes had recurring roles on shows such as Pauly, Sisters, and Dawson's Creek.
Robert Scott (1705–1780)
Robert Scott (1705 – 27 December 1780) of Dunninald in Forfarshire was a Scottish politician who sat in the House of Commons briefly from 1733 to 1734.

Scott was the second son of Patrick Scott of Rossie, Dunninald and Usan and his wife Margaret Hope, daughter of Sir Archibald Hope of Rankeillour, Fife, Lord of session (Lord Rankeillour). He was trained as an advocate in 1726.

Scott was elected at a by-election on 1 March 1733  as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Forfarshire, in the place of his deceased relative James Scott of Logie. He voted with the Government on the Excise Bill in 1733.  At the 1734 British general election he was defeated by Thomas Lyon (later Earl of Strathmore). When  Lyon succeeded to the peerage in 1735, Scott was defeated again at the subsequent by-election.

Scott married Anne Middleton, daughter of John Middleton of Seaton, Aberdeen in 1740. He died on 27 December 1780, leaving two sons and a daughter.

1734 British general election
The 1734 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 8th Parliament of Great Britain to be summoned, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. Robert Walpole's increasingly unpopular Whig government lost ground to the Tories and the opposition Whigs, but still had a secure majority in the House of Commons. The Patriot Whigs under William Pulteney were joined in opposition by a group of Whig members led by Lord Cobham. They were known as the Cobhamites, or 'Cobham's Cubs'.
Çaykənd, Shusha
Chaykend (Azerbaijani: Çaykənd) or Akunk (Armenian: Ակունք) is a village in the Shusha District of Azerbaijan. The village had an Azerbaijani-majority population prior to their exodus during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Shusha District
Shusha District (Azerbaijani: Şuşa rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojaly, Lachin, and Khojavend. Its capital and largest city is Shusha. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 34,700. Finally villages of Malıbəyli, Aşağı Quşçular and Yuxarı Quşçular were transferred to Khojaly District according to passing law in 5 December 2023.
Angraecum cadetii
Angraecum cadetii is a species of orchid endemic to Mauritius and Réunion. It was named after botanist Thérésien Cadet.  It is the only known flower known to be pollinated by a cricket, specifically by a species of raspy cricket: Glomeremus orchidophilus.

Gryllacrididae
Gryllacrididae are a family of non-jumping insects in the suborder Ensifera occurring worldwide, known commonly as leaf-rolling crickets or raspy crickets. The family historically has been broadly defined to include what are presently several other families, such as Stenopelmatidae ("Jerusalem crickets") and Rhaphidophoridae ("camel crickets"), now considered separate. As presently defined, the family contains two subfamilies: Gryllacridinae and Hyperbaeninae. They are commonly wingless and nocturnal. In the daytime, most species rest in shelters made from folded leaves sewn with silk. Some species use silk to burrow in sand, earth or wood. Raspy crickets evolved the ability to produce silk independently from other insects, but their silk has many convergent features to silkworm silk, being made of long, repetitive proteins with an extended beta-sheet structure.
Kay Burley
Kay Elizabeth Burley (née McGurrin; born 17 December 1960) is an English broadcaster. She was a presenter on Sky News and hosted the breakfast slot on the channel. She has also worked for BBC Local Radio, Tyne Tees Television, and TV-am.

Over her 36-year career at Sky News, Burley covered some of the biggest domestic and international stories, conducted countless political interviews, and anchored numerous special events. Her live coverage of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon earned Sky News a BAFTA award. She also covered 12 general elections for Sky News throughout her career, including anchoring the overnight coverage for Keir Starmer's victory in 2024.

On 5 February 2025 it was announced that Burley was leaving Sky News after 36 years.

Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).