hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valentin Baus
Valentin Baus (born 14 December 1995) is a German para table tennis player who competes in international level events. He is a double European champion and has won most team titles with Selcuk Cetin and Jan Gürtler.

Para table tennis
Para table tennis is a parasport that follows the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).  The usual table tennis rules are in effect with slight modifications for wheelchair athletes. Athletes from disability groups can take part. Athletes receive classifications between 1 and 11. Classes 1–5 are for those in wheelchairs and classes 6–10 for those who have disabilities that allow them to play standing. Within those groups, the higher classification means the more function the athlete has. Class 11 is defined for players with an intellectual disability.
Murray State Racers
The Murray State Racers are the athletic teams that represent Murray State University (MSU), located in Murray, Kentucky, United States, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the NCAA Division I ranks (for football, the Football Championship Subdivision), primarily competing in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) since the 2022–23 academic year.  The Racers previously competed in the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) from 1948–49 to 2021–22; and in the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (KIAC; now known as the River States Conference (RSC) since the 2016–17 school year) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1933–34 to 1947–48.

River States Conference
The River States Conference (RSC), formerly known as the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (KIAC), is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Although it was historically a Kentucky-only conference, it has now expanded to include members in Indiana, Ohio, and West Virginia, and at various times in the past has also had members in Missouri, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Virginia.
Vasile Septilici
Vasile Șeptilici (17th century) was a prominent Moldavian nobleman, known for his significant roles in the political and military spheres of the Principality of Moldavia. He served as hetman (army commander) and burgrave of Suceava in 1620, also being a trusted representative of the Moldavian prince. His rise to these high positions also included fulfilling the role of urednic of Suceava in 1610 and grand vâtaf in 1617.

Hetman
Hetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after  the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors.
Cường Để
Cường Để (彊㭽, IPA: [kɨ̂əŋ ɗe᷉]; born Nguyễn Phúc Dân (chữ Hán: 阮福民); 11 January 1882 - 5 April 1951) was an early 20th-century Vietnamese revolutionary and nationalist who, along with Phan Bội Châu, unsuccessfully tried to liberate Vietnam from French colonial occupation.

Cường Để was a royal relative of the Nguyễn dynasty and, according to the rule of primogeniture, was the heir of the dynasty, directly issued from the line of first-born descendants of Emperor Gia Long and his son Prince Cảnh. He was officially an "external marquis" (Kỳ Ngoại hầu).

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
Joseph Magnin
The Joseph Magnin Company was a high-end specialty department store founded in San Francisco, California, by Joseph Magnin, 4th son of Isaac Magnin founder of the I. Magnin department store. Joseph Magnin Co. and I. Magnin Co. were rivals.

Glendale Galleria
The Glendale Galleria is a large three-story regional shopping center and office complex located in downtown Glendale, California, United States. Opened in 1976 with 1,600,000-square-foot (150,000 m2) of retail space, it is the third-largest mall in Los Angeles County after Lakewood Center and Del Amo Fashion Center.

The mall is owned and managed by Brookfield Properties since 2002. It has been consistently ranked as one of the highest-grossing shopping centers in the United States.

The mall features the traditional retailers   Target, Dick's Sporting Goods, JCPenney, Macy's, and Bloomingdale's.
2024 Copa América de Futsal
The 2024 CONMEBOL Copa América de Futsal was the 14th edition of the Copa América de Futsal, the international futsal championship under FIFA rules organised by CONMEBOL for the men's national teams of South America. It was held in Luque, Paraguay from 2 to 10 February 2024.

This edition marked the return of the tournament as the CONMEBOL qualifiers for the FIFA Futsal World Cup (the last time was in 2008) after CONMEBOL decided to discontinue its specific qualifying tournament for that purpose after three editions in 2012, 2016 and 2020. The top four teams of the tournament (the four semi-finalists) qualified for the 2024 FIFA Futsal World Cup in Uzbekistan as the CONMEBOL representatives.

Argentina were the defending champions.

FIFA Futsal World Cup
The FIFA Futsal World Cup is an international futsal competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA, the sport's global governing body. Since the first edition that took place in 1989 in the Netherlands, the tournament has been held every four years since 1992 in the even year between two 11-a-side World Cups.

The current champions are Brazil, who won their sixth world title after beating rivals Argentina in the final of the 2024 tournament in Uzbekistan.

All events prior to 2008 were 16-team events. The first event featured 6 teams from Europe, 3 from South America, 2 from Africa, 2 from Asia, 2 from North and Central America and 1 from Oceania. Since 2012, it includes 24 teams split to a six group round-robin tournament with four teams in each group. The top two teams in each group, together with the 4 highest-ranked third-place finishers, advanced to a sixteen-team knockout stage.
Diamantaire
A diamantaire (French origin) could be a gem-quality diamond manufacturer or producer, master diamond cutter, and or a graduate gemologist specializing in diamonds.

Such individuals demonstrate considerable expertise in different types of gemstones, particularly when it comes to increasing the value and quality of a rough or raw diamond.

They are highly skilled craftsmen or artisans who are responsible for cutting, polishing and transforming a rough diamond into a finished gemstone ready for setting.

Members of diamond dealing families who have established themselves in the upper echelons of the world diamond industry hierarchy are also often referred to as diamantaires as well.

Gemology
Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is a specific interdisciplinary branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers (and many non-jewelers) are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.
John West III
John West III (1666–bef. 1710) inherited West Point plantation from his father, and served in the  House of Burgesses, representing the newly created King William County 1702-1706. He was the eldest son of Colonel John West, and grandson of John West (governor).

King William County, Virginia
King William County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,810. Its county seat is King William. King William County is located in the Middle Peninsula and is included in the Greater Richmond Region.
Stackhousia scoparia
Stackhousia scoparia is a species of plant in the family Celastraceae.

The perennial herb has a broom-like habit and typically grows to a height of 0.15 to 0.6 metres (0.49 to 1.97 ft). It blooms between August and January producing yellow-green-brown flowers.

The species is found in the Wheatbelt, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in gravel-sand-loam soils over laterite.

Wheatbelt (Western Australia)
The Wheatbelt is one of nine regions of Western Australia defined as administrative areas for the state's regional development, and a vernacular term for the area converted to agriculture during colonisation. It partially surrounds the Perth metropolitan area, extending north from Perth to the Mid West region, and east to the Goldfields–Esperance region.  It is bordered to the south by the South West and Great Southern regions, and to the west by the Indian Ocean, the Perth metropolitan area, and the Peel region.  Altogether, it has an area of 154,862 square kilometres (59,793 sq mi) (including islands).

The region has 42 local government authorities, with an estimated population of 75,000 residents. The Wheatbelt accounts for approximately three per cent of Western Australia's population.
Capo Mannu
Capo Mannu is a promontory in Sardinia, Italy.

The cape is situated in the territory of the Comune of San Vero Milis, in the Province of Oristano, approximately 22 km north of Oristano. It is also the northern tip of the Sinis peninsula, and it is part of the Marine Protected Area Sinis Peninsula and the island of Mal di Ventre.

Oristano
Oristano (Italian: [oriˈstaːno] ⓘ; Sardinian: Aristanis [aɾiˈstanizi]) is the capital and largest city of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the provincial capital on 16 July 1974. As of 2025, with a population of 30,007, Oristano is the 7th-largest city in Sardinia.

The economy of Oristano is based mainly on services, agriculture, tourism and small industries.
2014 Bet-at-home Cup Kitzbühel – Doubles
Martin Emmrich and Christopher Kas were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together.  Emmrich played alongside Lukáš Rosol, but lost to Daniele Bracciali and Andrey Golubev in the semifinals.  Kas teamed up with Philipp Kohlschreiber, but lost to Henri Kontinen and Jarkko Nieminen in the quarterfinals.
Kontinen and Nieminen won the title, defeating Bracciali and Golubev in the final, 6–1, 6–4.

Martin Emmrich
Martin Emmrich (born 17 December 1984) is a retired professional tennis player and current professional pickleball player on the PPA tour who specialized in doubles & mixed. He played primarily on the ATP Challenger Tour where he has won 15 Challengers. On 12 October 2009, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 604 whilst his highest doubles ranking of No. 35 was achieved on 5 August 2013. Emmrich also won three ATP Tour doubles titles.
DNA ligase 3
DNA ligase 3 also DNA ligase III, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the LIG3 gene. LIG3 encodes ATP-dependent DNA ligases that seal interruptions in the phosphodiester backbone of duplex DNA.

There are three families of ATP-dependent DNA ligases in eukaryotes. These enzymes utilize the same three step reaction mechanism; (i) formation of a covalent enzyme-adenylate intermediate; (ii) transfer of the adenylate group to the 5' phosphate terminus of a DNA nick; (iii) phosphodiester bond formation. Unlike LIG1 and LIG4 family members that are found in almost all eukaryotes, LIG3 family members are less widely distributed. LIG3 encodes several distinct DNA ligase species by alternative translation initiation and alternative splicing mechanisms that are described below.

Nuclear localization sequence
A nuclear localization signal or sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence that 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport. Typically, this signal consists of one or more short sequences of positively charged lysines or arginines exposed on the protein surface. Different nuclear localized proteins may share the same NLS. An NLS has the opposite function of a nuclear export signal (NES), which targets proteins out of the nucleus.
Diver (surname)
Diver is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Diver (1823–1876), English cricketer

Bridget Diver (died 1915), watch guard in the American Civil War

Ciaran Diver (born 1990s), Irish Gaelic footballer

Colin Diver (born 1943), president of Reed College in Portland, Oregon, United States

Cyril Diver (1892 –1962), first Director-General of the Nature Conservancy

Damian Diver (born 1970s), Irish Gaelic footballer

Danny Diver (born 1956), former manager of East Stirlingshire Football Club

Edwin Diver (1861–1924), English cricketer

Joe Diver, Irish Gaelic footballer

Maud Diver (1867–1945), bestselling author

Stuart Diver (born 1970), ski instructor, sole survivor of the 1997 Thredbo landslide

William Diver (1921–1995), founder of the Columbia School of Linguistics

Alfred Diver
Alfred John Day Diver (6 July 1823 – 25 March 1876) was an English cricketer whose career spanned the 1843 season to the 1866 season. Diver played mainly for Cambridge Town Club and the All England Eleven

Popularly known as "Ducky", Diver is best known as a reliable batsman. Following the 1859 English cricket season, he was one of the 12-strong party of English players who toured North America. Led by George Parr, this was the first overseas cricket tour.

His nephew, Edwin Diver, played over 200 important matches, mostly for Surrey and Warwickshire.
Charlie Hickman
Charles Taylor Hickman (March 4, 1876 – April 19, 1934) was an American professional baseball player and college baseball coach. He played all or part of 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a utility player for seven different franchises, including over 200 games each with the Cleveland Bronchos / Naps, Washington Senators, and New York Giants. After his professional career, he coached the West Virginia Mountaineers for four seasons.

Utility player
In sports, a utility player is one who can play several positions competently. Sports in which the term is often used include association football, basketball, rugby, baseball, softball, ice hockey, and water polo.

The term has gained prominence in all sports due to its use in fantasy leagues, but in rugby union and rugby league, it is commonly used by commentators to recognize a player's versatility.

The use of this term to describe a player may in some circumstances be a backhanded compliment, as it suggests the player is not good enough to be considered a specialist in one position (i.e., a jack of all trades).
Ben Naphtali
Ben Naphtali (Hebrew: אַבּוּ עִמְרָן מֹשֶׁה בֶּן דָּוִד בֶּן נַפְתָּלִי, romanized: ʾAbbū ʿĪmrān, Mōše ben Dāwīḏ ben Nap̄tālī) was a rabbi and Masorete who flourished around 890-940 CE, probably in Tiberias. Of his life little is known.

His first name is in dispute. Some medieval authorities called him "Jacob"; two Chufut-Kale manuscripts have "Moses b. David"; a third contains his epigraph, which is incomplete, only "ben David ben Naphtali" remaining. His name is most likely Abu Imran, Moshe ben David ben Naphtali as preserved in Mishael ben Uzziel's 11th century treatise and in the Cairo Geniza fragment T-S K27.36 in the University Library at Cambridge.

Chufut-Kale
Chufut-Kale (Crimean Tatar: Çufut Qale, pronounced [tʃuˈfut qaˈle]; Russian and Ukrainian: Чуфут-Кале; Karaim: Кала, קלעה, romanized: Kala) is a medieval city-fortress in the Crimean Mountains that now lies in ruins. It is a national monument of Crimean Karaites culture just 3 km (1.9 mi) east of Bakhchysarai.

Its name is Crimean Tatar and Turkish for "Jewish Fortress" (çufut/çıfıt - Jew, qale/kale - fortress), while Crimean Karaites refer to it simply as "Fortress", considering the place as a historical center for the Crimean Karaite community. In the Middle Ages the fortress was known as Qırq Yer (Place of Forty) and as Karaites to which sect the greater part of its inhabitants belong, Sela' ha-Yehudim  (Hebrew for 'Rock of the Jews').
Cablecasting Limited
Cablecasting Limited (CL Systems Limited) was Canada's fifth largest cable television company serving cities in western Canada and some small towns in Ontario. The two major shareholders of the company were David R. Graham, who owned 99.1%, and Noel R. Bambrough who owned 0.1%.

They owned cable facilities in the following markets:

Greater Winnipeg Cablevision

Calgary Cable TV/FM (served Calgary North)

Airdrie, Alberta

Cochrane, Alberta

Tillsonburg, Ontario

Thames Cablevision of Strathroy, Ontario

Allview Cable Service of St. Thomas, Ontario

Graham Cable serving City of York and parts of Toronto

Lakeshore Community Television serving Terrace Bay, White River, Red Rock, Nipigon, Marathon, Manitouwadge and Wawa, Ontario.

Terrace Bay
Terrace Bay is a township in Thunder Bay District in northern Ontario, Canada, located on the north shore of Lake Superior east of Thunder Bay along Highway 17. The name originates from a series of lake terraces formed as the water level in Lake Superior lowered following the latest ice age.
Dewar government
Donald Dewar formed the Dewar government on 17 May 1999 following his appointment as the inaugural First Minister of Scotland. The first devolved executive of Scotland, it consisted of Scottish Labour and the Scottish Liberal Democrats, who formed a coalition on 14 May 1999. The government dissolved and was succeeded by the McLeish government in the aftermath of Dewar's death on 11 October 2000.

Scottish Liberal Democrats
The Scottish Liberal Democrats (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrtaidh Libearalach Deamocratach na h-Alba) is a liberal, federalist political party in Scotland, part of UK Liberal Democrats. The party holds 5 of the 129 seats in the Scottish Parliament, 6 of the 57 Scottish seats in the House of Commons and 88 of 1,226 local councillors.

The Scottish Liberal Democrats is one of the three state parties within the federal Liberal Democrats, the others being the Welsh Liberal Democrats and the English Liberal Democrats. The Liberal Democrats do not contest elections in Northern Ireland.
Eupithecia relaxata
Eupithecia relaxata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Afghanistan, Turkmenistan (the Kopet Dag mountains), Iran, Tajikistan (the Pamir Mountains), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (the Tian Shan mountains), Pakistan (Baltistan), Jammu & Kashmir, India (the Ladakh Range), northwestern China (Xinjiang) and Mongolia (the Mongol Altai Mountains).

Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains are a range of mountains between Central Asia and South Asia. They are located at a junction with other notable mountains, namely the Tian Shan, the Karakoram, the Kunlun, the Hindu Kush, and the Himalayas. They are among the world's highest mountains.

Much of the range lies in the Gorno-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan. Spanning the border parts of four countries, to the south, they border the Hindu Kush mountains along Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in Badakhshan Province, Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan regions of Pakistan. To the north, they join the Tian Shan mountains along the Alay Valley of Kyrgyzstan. To the east, they extend to the range that includes China's Kongur Tagh, in the "Eastern Pamirs", separated by the Yarkand valley from the Kunlun Mountains.

Since the Victorian era, they have been known as the "Roof of the World", presumably a translation from Persian.
Economic union
An economic union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a common market with a customs union. The participant countries have both common policies on product regulation, freedom of movement of  goods, services and the factors of production (capital and labour) as well as a common external trade policy.  When an economic union involves unifying currency, it becomes an economic and monetary union.

The purposes for establishing an economic union normally include increasing economic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries.

Economic union is established through trade pact.

Service (economics)
A service is an act or use for which a consumer, company, or government is willing to pay. Examples include work done by barbers, doctors, lawyers, accountants, mechanics, banks, finance, insurance companies, and so on. Public services are those that society (nation state, fiscal union or region) as a whole pays for, such as hospitals,  elementary schools, or libraries. Using resources, skill, ingenuity, and experience, service providers give benefit to service consumers. Services may be defined as intangible acts or performances whereby the service provider provides value to the customer.
Bob McRoy
Robert McRoy (died December 3, 1917) was a baseball executive.

McRoy served as secretary of the American League under Ban Johnson. When Johnson put control of the Boston Red Sox under Jimmy McAleer, he sent McRoy to serve as McAleer's secretary. McRoy worked for the Red Sox from 1912 through 1913. When Joseph Lannin purchased the Red Sox in 1913, McRoy returned to work for Johnson.

In the 1916-17 offseason, McRoy and Johnson recruited Jim Dunn to head up a syndicate to buy the Cleveland Indians baseball team from Charles Somers for $500,000. McRoy served as general manager of the Cleveland Indians from 1916 through 1917.

McRoy was survived by his wife; however, she died of poisoning one week after her husband.

General manager (baseball)
In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.
Toogood
Toogood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Toogood (1872–1928), English golfer

Bonnie Toogood (born 1997), Australian rules footballer

Charlie Toogood (1927–1997), American football player

Faye Toogood (born 1977), British designer

Giles Toogood (born 1961), English cricketer

Jon Toogood (born 1971), frontman of New Zealand rock band Shihad

Laura Toogood (born 1984), British writer, academic and equestrian

Peter Toogood (1930–2019), Australian golfer

Selwyn Toogood (1916–2001), New Zealand radio and television personality

Ted Toogood (1924–2011), Canadian football player

Thomas Toogood (1872–1953), English cricketer

Walter Toogood (1874–1914), English golfer

Alfred Toogood
Alfred Henry Toogood, Sr. (1872 – July 1928) was an English professional golfer who played during the late 19th and early 20th century. Toogood finished fourth in the 1894 Open Championship and won £7. He also tied for ninth place in the 1895 Open Championship.
Quercus berberidifolia
Quercus berberidifolia, commonly known as the California scrub oak or barberry-leaved scrub oak, is a species of scrub oak in the white oak section of Quercus. It is a shrub typically reaching heights of 1–2 metres (3+1⁄2–6+1⁄2 ft), characterized by its shiny green leaves, minute rayed trichomes on the lower leaf surface, and barrel-shaped acorns. Native to the United States and Mexico, it is one of the most common scrub oaks in central and southern California, and is found usually in chaparral at mid-elevations from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada to the California Coast Ranges and south into Baja California near Ensenada.

Tehachapi Mountains
The Tehachapi Mountains (/təˈhætʃəpi/) are a mountain range in the Transverse Ranges system of California in the Western United States. The range extends for approximately 40 miles (64 km) in southern Kern County and northwestern Los Angeles County and form part of the boundary between the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert.