hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacques Futrelle
Jacques Heath Futrelle (April 9, 1875 – April 15, 1912) was an American journalist and mystery writer. He is best known for writing short detective stories featuring Professor Augustus S. F. X. Van Dusen, also known as "The Thinking Machine" for his use of logic. Futrelle died in the sinking of the RMS Titanic.

Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Donald Eugene Wilkes Jr. (July 30, 1944 – June 7, 2019) from Daytona Beach, Florida) was professor of law at the University of Georgia School of Law.

A graduate of the University of Florida (B.A., 1965; J.D., 1969) Wilkes became professor of law at the University of Georgia in 1971.  He was a member of the State Bar of Georgia starting in 1972 and in 1975–1976 was a fellow in Law and the Humanities at Harvard University Law School.

An authority on the law of Habeas corpus, Wilkes's work State Postconviction Remedies and Relief Handbook was cited by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case Wall v. Kholi 131 S.Ct. 1278 (U.S. 2011).

Wilkes is credited with the introduction of the term New Federalism in relation to criminal procedure in the United States in a series of essays in the Kentucky law Journal in the mid 1970s.

Wilkes retired from University of Georgia School of Law in 2012.  He died, aged 74, on June 7, 2019.
London Festival Fringe
The London Festival Fringe is a festival that promotes art and entertainment in London, England. In addition to helping artists and performers stage their work, the festival runs the London Awards for Art and Performance each year in various art categories including Jazz Music, Theatre, Comedy and Film.

Fringe theatre
Fringe theatre is theatre that is produced outside of the main theatre institutions, and that is often small-scale and non-traditional in style or subject matter. The term comes from the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In London, the fringe are small-scale theatres (often referred to as the London Fringe and not included as West End theatres), and the equivalent of off-Broadway and Off-off-Broadway theatres in New York City, as well as Europe's "free theatre" groups.

In unjuried theatre festivals, also known as fringe festivals or open-access festivals, all submissions are accepted, and sometimes the participating acts may be chosen by lottery, in contrast to juried festivals in which acts are selected based on their artistic qualities. Unjuried festivals (such as the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Edmonton Fringe Festival, Adelaide Fringe, and Fringe World) permit artists to perform a wide variety of works.
Coral sand
Coral sand is a form of aragonite sand particles originating in tropical and sub-tropical marine environments primarily from bioerosion of limestone skeletal material of marine organisms. Often, this is due to corallivores, such as parrotfish, which excrete sand after digestion. However, the term "coral" in coral sand is used loosely in this sense to mean limestone of recent biological origin; corals are not the dominant contributors of sand particles to most such deposits. Rather, coral sand is a mix of coral and/or remnant skeletal fragments of foraminifera, calcareous algae, molluscs, and crustaceans . Because it is composed of limestone, coral sand is acid-soluble.

Aragonite
Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the others being calcite and vaterite. It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation from marine and freshwater environments.

The crystal lattice of aragonite differs from that of calcite, resulting in a different crystal shape, an orthorhombic crystal system with acicular crystal. Repeated twinning results in pseudo-hexagonal forms. Aragonite may be columnar or fibrous, occasionally in branching helictitic forms called flos-ferri ("flowers of iron") from their association with the ores at the Carinthian iron mines.
CDH Investments
CDH Investments (CDH, 鼎晖投资基金管理公司) is a major Chinese alternative asset management firm based in Beijing, China. It specializes in private equity, venture capital and credit products. CDH invests across a range of sectors and regions. As of March 2015, CDH manages over RMB 100 billion of investor capital across its various investment platforms.

Founded in 2002, CDH is a diversified alternative asset manager covering private equity, venture capital, mezzanine, real estate, and wealth management. Its investor base includes sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, insurers, endowments, family offices and fund of funds from China, North & South America, Europe, Middle East, Australia and Asia.

CDH is headquartered at Fortune Financial Center, 5 Dongsanhuan Central Road, Beijing, China, with additional offices in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Jakarta.

Alternative investment
An alternative investment, also known as an alternative asset or alternative investment fund (AIF), is an investment in any asset class excluding capital stocks, bonds, and cash.

The term is a relatively loose one and includes tangible assets such as precious metals, collectibles (art, wine, antiques, vintage cars, coins, watches, musical instruments, or stamps) and some financial assets such as real estate, commodities, private equity, distressed securities, hedge funds, exchange funds, carbon credits, venture capital, film production, financial derivatives, cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens, and Tax Receivable Agreements. Investments in real estate, forestry and shipping are also often termed "alternative" despite the ancient use of such real assets to enhance and preserve wealth. Alternative investments are to be contrasted with traditional investments.
Margaret Roper
Margaret Roper (née More; 1505–1544) was an English writer and translator. Roper, the eldest daughter of Sir Thomas More, is considered to have been one of the most learned women in sixteenth-century England. She is celebrated for her filial piety and scholarly accomplishments. Roper's most known publication is a Latin-to-English translation of Erasmus' Precatio Dominica as A Devout Treatise upon the Paternoster. In addition, she wrote many Latin epistles and English letters, as well as an original treatise entitled The Four Last Things. She also translated the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius from the Greek into the Latin language.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
Gael Linn Cup 1998
The 1998 Gael Linn Cup, the most important representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Munster, who defeated Leinster in the final, played at St Vincents.

Camogie
Camogie (/kəˈmoʊɡi/ ⓘ kə-MOH-ghee; Irish: camógaíocht [kəˈmˠoːɡiːxt̪ˠ]) is an Irish stick-and-ball team sport played by women. It is played by 100,000 women in Ireland and worldwide, largely among Irish communities.

A variant of the game hurling (which is played by men only), it is organised by the Dublin-based Camogie Association (An Cumann Camógaíochta). The annual All Ireland Camogie Championship has a record attendance of 33,154, while average attendances in recent years are in the range of 15,000 to 18,000. The final is broadcast live, with a television audience of over 300,000.

UNESCO lists Camogie as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The game is referred to in Waiting for Godot by Irish playwright Samuel Beckett and in 'Fair Play' a detective novel by Irish author Louise Hegarty.
Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park is a large wildlife reserve and conservation area in southern Africa.

The park straddles the border between South Africa and Botswana and comprises two adjoining national parks:

Kalahari Gemsbok National Park in South Africa

Gemsbok National Park in Botswana

The park's total area is 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi). Approximately three-quarters of the park lies in Botswana and one-quarter in South Africa. Kgalagadi means "place of thirst."
In December 2015, media reports claimed that rights for gas-fracking in more than half of the Botswana portion of the park had been sold. The Botswana government later refuted these reports.

Gemsbok
The gemsbok (Oryx gazella), or South African oryx, is a large antelope in the genus Oryx. It is endemic to the dry and barren regions of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and (parts of) Zimbabwe, mainly inhabiting the Kalahari and Namib Deserts, areas in which it is supremely adapted for survival. Previously, some sources classified the related East African oryx, or beisa oryx (Oryx beisa), as a subspecies.
2020 North West 200 Races
The 2020 International North West 200 is a motorcycle road racing event which was originally scheduled to take place between 10 and 16 May 2020 at the circuit, known as "The Triangle", based around the towns of Portstewart, Coleraine and Portrush, in Northern Ireland.

On 17 March the organisers postponed the event due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland with a view to looking at a new date during the 2020 racing calendar. The meeting was cancelled on 11 May 2020.

Portrush
Portrush (from Irish Port Rois, meaning 'port of the promontory') is a small seaside resort town on the north coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It neighbours the resort of Portstewart in County Londonderry. The main part of the old town, including the railway station as well as most hotels, restaurants and bars, is built on a 1 mile (1.6 km)–long peninsula, Ramore Head. It had a population of 6,150 at the 2021 census.

The town is well known for its three sandy beaches, the West Strand, East Strand and White Rocks, as well as the Royal Portrush Golf Club, the only golf club outside Great Britain which has hosted The Open Championship – in 1951, 2019, and 2025.
Kastler
Kastler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Kastler (1902–1984), French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate

Daniel Kastler (1926– 2015) French theoretical physicist, son of Alfred

Henri Kastler (1863–1957), French philatelist

Martin Kastler (born  1974), German politician and member of the European Parliament

Daniel Kastler
Daniel Kastler (French: [kastlɛʁ]; 4 March 1926 – 4 July 2015) was a French theoretical physicist, working on the foundations of quantum field theory and on non-commutative geometry. He is known as the co-developer of the Kadison–Kastler metric and the Haag–Kastler axioms.
Charles Udoh
Charles Udoh is a Nigerian politician who served as  Commissioner for Culture and Tourism in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria starting in July 2023. He was succeeded by Anietie Udofia  on February 2025. On December 1, 2016, he was appointed the Commissioner for Information and Strategy by Governor Udom Emmanuel. He is currently the Delivery Advisor on Tourism to Governor Umo Eno.

Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism
The Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is the state's government branch or ministry, responsible for planning, devising and implementing the state's strategy on culture and tourism.

The ministry is headed by the commissioner charged with overseeing the activities of the ministry.
La usurpadora (1998 TV series)
La Usurpadora (English: The Usurper; international title: Deceptions) is a 1998 Mexican television drama series broadcast by Canal de Las Estrellas. The series is based of the 1971 Venezuelan drama series with the same title. Directed by Beatriz Sheridan, it stars Gabriela Spanic and Fernando Colunga. It aired from February 9 to July 24, 1998, replacing Maria Isabel and was replaced by El Privilegio de Amar.

Inspired by the book The Scapegoat, it revolves around a pair of twin sisters who were separated when they were young, and as adults the good sister is forced to act as a "replacement" for her wealthy twin who wants to temporarily leave her husband and his family to enjoy a life of luxury with multiple lovers. The telenovela had huge success in Mexico with ratings of 38.4 and has been exported and dubbed in various languages across the world.

It was the first on-screen collaboration between Colunga and Spanic, who both later worked in Soy tu Dueña.

The Scapegoat (Du Maurier novel)
The Scapegoat is a 1957 novel by Daphne du Maurier. In a bar in France, a lonely English academic on holiday meets his double, a French aristocrat who gets him drunk, swaps identities and disappears, leaving the Englishman to sort out the Frenchman's extensive financial and family problems.

The story has been the basis of two films: one in 1959 starring Alec Guinness and Bette Davis and one in 2012 starring Matthew Rhys.
McNeal, Arizona
McNeal is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2010 United States census it had a population of 238. McNeal is located on U.S. Route 191, 21 miles (34 km) northwest of Douglas. McNeal has the United States Postal Service zip code of 85617.

Douglas, Arizona
Douglas is a city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States, that lies in the north-west to south-east running Sulphur Springs Valley. Douglas has a border crossing with Mexico at Agua Prieta and a history of mining.

The population was 16,531 in the 2020 Census.
USS Flicker (AM-70)
The first USS Flicker (AM-70) was a minesweeper in the United States Navy during World War II, named after the flicker, a medium-sized member of the woodpecker family common to North America.

Laid down on 27 October 1936 as the steel-hulled  fishing trawler, M/V Delaware by the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine for the Booth Fisheries Co. of Boston, Massachusetts, the ship was launched on 25 February 1937.

Acquired by the US Navy on 9 August 1940 and converted to a minesweeper at the Bethlehem Steel Co., East Boston, she was renamed Flicker on 14 August 1940, and commissioned as USS Flicker (AM-70) on 26 October 1940. Conversion was completed on 26 March 1941. She was reclassified IX-165 on 11 April 1944.

Bath, Maine
Bath is a city in and county seat of Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. Bath had a 2024 population of 8,870. Bath is  growing at a rate of 0.29% annually, and its population has increased by 1.21% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 8,764 in 2020. The city is popular with tourists, many drawn by its 19th-century architecture. It is home to the Bath Iron Works and Heritage Days Festival, held annually during the Fourth of July weekend. It is commonly known as the "City of Ships" due to the number of sailing ships that were built in the Bath shipyards. Bath is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Jan George Freezen
Jan George Freezen or Johann Georg Freesen (born 1701) was a portrait painter born in Palts, near Heidelberg. He first studied under Jan van Nikkelen, and afterwards under Philip van Dyk, with whom he became one of the best scholars, and with whom he stayed seven years at the Hague. He was patronized by the Duke of Hesse, and was appointed as the historical and portrait painter at the court of Cassel. He possessed a great knowledge of paintings, which he acquired in Germany, Italy, France, and in the school of Philip van Dyk — an acquisition which was of the greatest use in the establishment of the Cassel Gallery. He died in Cassel in 1775.

Fridericianum
The Fridericianum is a museum in Kassel, Germany.  Built in 1779, it is one of the oldest public museums in Europe. Since 1955, the quinquennial art festival documenta has been centred on the site, with some artworks displayed on Friedrichsplatz, in front of the building.

The exhibition building itself was fully renovated by 1982. Ever since 1988, Fridericianum has continually hosted changing exhibitions of contemporary art. Since June 2013, Susanne Pfeffer has been director of the Fridericianum.
Cucullia pulla
Cucullia pulla is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881 and it is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Cucullia pulla is 10180.

Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of butterflies and moths. He is best known for his work on North American Noctuidae. A number of species were named after him, including the moth Horama grotei.
Welty's Mill Bridge
Welty's Mill Bridge is an historic, American, multi-span, stone arch bridge that is located in Washington Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Franklin County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 155,932. Its county seat is Chambersburg.

Franklin County comprises the Chambersburg–Waynesboro, PA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Košťál
Košťál (Czech feminine: Košťálová) is a Czech surname which means 'stalk' in Czech. Notable people with the surname include:

Irwin Kostal (1911–1994), American musician

Jan Košťál (born 1980), Czech ice hockey player

Jindra Košťálová, Czech gymnast

Pavel Košťál (born 1980), Czech footballer

Růžena Košťálová (1924–2024), Czech sprint canoer

Zdeněk Košťál (1931–2015), Czech slalom canoer

Jindra Košťálová
Jindra Košťálová (born 22 February 1947) is a Czech retired artistic gymnast. She was part of the Czechoslovak team that won the 1966 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Individually, she won two bronze medals, on the floor and balance beam, at the 1969 European championships.
Harry Chatton
James Harry Chatton (23 April 1899 – 1983), was an Irish footballer who played for several clubs in the Scottish League, the American Soccer League and the League of Ireland. Chatton was a dual internationalist and played for both Ireland teams – the IFA XI and the FAI XI.

FAI Cup
The Football Association of Ireland Senior Challenge Cup (FAI Cup), known as the Sports Direct FAI Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a knock-out association football competition contested annually by teams from the Republic of Ireland (as well as Derry City from Northern Ireland). Organised by the FAI (Football Association of Ireland), the competition is currently sponsored by Sports Direct. It was known as the Free State Cup from 1923 to 1936. Shamrock Rovers hold the record of most wins with 26.

The current holders are Shamrock Rovers who won their 26th title on 9 November 2025, defeating Cork City 2–0 at the Aviva Stadium.
Stephen A. Harrison
Stephen A. Harrison (September 18, 1829 – June 7, 1898) was an English American immigrant, construction contractor, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing downtown Milwaukee during the 1870 and 1875 terms.  He also served on the Milwaukee Common Council.

23rd Wisconsin Legislature
The Twenty-Third Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 12, 1870, to March 17, 1870, in regular session.

Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 2, 1869. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 3, 1868.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Lucius Fairchild, of Dane County, serving the first year of his third two-year term, having won re-election in the 1869 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
Blithewold Mansion, Gardens and Arboretum
The Blithewold Mansion, Gardens and Arboretum is an arboretum of 13 hectares (32 acres), located at 101 Ferry Road, Bristol, Rhode Island, midway between Newport and Providence, Rhode Island, on Bristol Harbor with views over Narragansett Bay. It includes a mansion, with a 4 hectares (9.9 acres) lawn and over 300 species of woody plants in its arboretum and gardens, including both native and exotic species.

The Mansion and its grounds were established in the 1890s by Augustus and Bessie Van Wickle as their summer retreat. Augustus Van Wickle was from Hazleton, Pennsylvania, with a fortune in the coal-mining business  and a donor of the Van Wickle Gates at Brown University.

Narragansett Bay
Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound covering 147 square miles (380 km2), 120.5 square miles (312 km2) of which is in Rhode Island. The bay forms New England's largest estuary, which functions as an expansive natural harbor and includes a small archipelago. Small parts of the bay extend into Massachusetts.

There are more than 30 islands in the bay; the three largest ones are Aquidneck Island, Conanicut Island, and Prudence Island. Bodies of water that are part of Narragansett Bay include the Sakonnet River, Mount Hope Bay, and the southern, tidal part of the Taunton River. The bay opens on Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; Block Island lies less than 20 miles (32 km) southwest of its opening.
Rishikesh–Barmer Express
The 14887 / 14888 Rishikesh–Barmer Express is an Express train belonging to North Western Railway zone that runs between Rishikesh and Barmer in India. It is currently being operated with 14887/14888 train numbers on a daily basis.

Indian locomotive class WDP-4
The Indian locomotive class WDP-4 (EMD GT46PAC) is a passenger-hauling diesel–electric locomotive with AC electric transmission designed by General Motors Electro-Motive Division and built by both GM-EMD and under license by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW) of Varanasi, India for Indian Railways as the classes WDP4, WDP4B and WDP4D. The GT46PAC is a passenger version of the previous Indian Railways EMD GT46MAC (WDG-4) freight locomotive. The locomotive has a 16-cylinder 710G3B diesel engine and is one of the fastest diesel–electric locomotives in service in Indian Railways.
Funder
Funder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Funder (born 1966), Australian writer

David C. Funder, American psychologist

John Funder (born 1940), Australian medical researcher

Kathleen Funder (1941 – 1998), Australian psychologist

Anna Funder
Anna Funder (born 1966) is an Australian author. She is the author of Stasiland, All That I Am, Wifedom: Mrs Orwell’s Invisible Life and the novella The Girl With the Dogs.

Anna’s book Wifedom was a Sunday Times Bestseller and New York Times Notable Book of 2023.