hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Museum of Don Cossacks
The Museum of history of Don Cossacks (Russian: Музей истории Донского казачества, Muzyey istorii Donskogo kazachestva) is a museum of art, culture and history of Don Cossacks in Novocherkassk, Rostov oblast, Russia. The oldest museum in Southern Russia, it was founded in 1886. Its collections, of which only 151,000 items is on permanent display, comprise over 200,000 items.  The collections occupy a complex of four historic buildings in Novocherkassk: the main building on Atamanskaya street, Memorial House-Museum of painter Ivan Krylov, Memorial House-Museum of painter Mitrofan Grekov and the Ataman palace.

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
East Melchior Islands
The East Melchior Islands (64°19′S 62°55′W﻿ / ﻿64.317°S 62.917°W﻿ / -64.317; -62.917) are a group of small ice-covered islands and rocks which lie east of The Sound in the Melchior Islands, Palmer Archipelago. The islands west of The Sound are called the West Melchior Islands. The name was probably given by Discovery Investigations personnel who roughly charted these islands in 1927. The islands were surveyed by Argentine expeditions in 1942, 1943 and 1948.

Discovery Investigations
The Discovery Investigations were a series of scientific cruises and shore-based investigations into the biology of whales in the Southern Ocean. They were funded by the British Colonial Office and organised by the Discovery Committee in London, which was formed in 1918. They were intended to provide the scientific background to stock management of the commercial Antarctic whale fishery.

Discovery Investigations contributed greatly to knowledge of the whales, the krill they fed on and their habitat's oceanography, while charting the local topography, including Atherton Peak. They continued until 1951, with the final report published in 1980.

Collected specimens are in the Discovery Collections.
1988–89 Primera B Nacional
The 1988–89 Argentine Primera B Nacional was the 3rd. season of second division professional of football in Argentina. A total of 22 teams competed; the champion and runner-up were promoted to Argentine Primera División. Chaco For Ever (champion) and Unión (SF) (winner of "Torneo Dodecagonal" after beating arch-rival Colón in a two-legged series) promoted to Primera División.

On the other hand, Chacarita Juniors, Temperley, and Estación Quequén (Necochea) were relegated to Primera B.

Necochea
Necochea is a port and beach city in the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The city is located on the Atlantic Coast, along the mouth of the Quequén Grande River, 528 km (328 mi) from Buenos Aires and 120 km (75 mi) southwest of Mar del Plata. The city proper has 90,000 inhabitants per the 2010 census [INDEC] and is the seat of government for Necochea Partido.

The neighboring Port of Quequén, located on the eastern bank of the Quequén Grande River, is one of the most important ports in Argentina, and the gateway for the agricultural production of the southeast of the Province of Buenos Aires.
Afshin Molavi
Afshin Molavi (Persian: افشین مولوی) is an Iranian-American author and co-director of Emerge 85 Lab, a joint research initiative between the Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute and UAE-based Delma Institute. He is also a senior research fellow at the New America Foundation, Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, and a senior advisor at Oxford Analytica. At New America, he co-directs the World Economy Roundtable, which focuses on changes in the global economy following the Great Recession. In 2005, he was selected as a 'Young Global Leader' by the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, by a selection committee chaired by Queen Rania of Jordan.

Oxford Analytica
Oxford Analytica is an international consulting firm providing strategic analysis of world events. It was founded in 1975 by David Young, an American employee of the National Security Council during the Nixon administration.

Clients of Oxford Analytica consist of governments, international institutions, and public sector bodies, as well as financial institutions, corporations, and other private sector organizations.

The company has access to a network of over 1,400 academics and specialists around the world. Its main activities are in the areas of geopolitics and macroeconomics, and its principal work comprises advisory work and a daily analysis service known as The Oxford Analytica Daily Brief.
Swiss army bicycle
The Swiss Army Bicycle (German: Armeefahrrad, Militärvelo; French: vélo militaire; Italian: bicicletta militare) has been utilized by the Swiss Army beginning in 1905. There have been three models, the MO-5 (built 1905–1989), MO-93 (built 1993–95), and the MO-12 (from 2012). The Swiss Army disbanded its elite bicycle infantry units in 2003, but still uses bicycles for training, and many army bicycles remain in private use. The most famous Swiss bicycle infantryman is Federal Councillor Ueli Maurer, who commanded a bicycle infantry battalion until 1994 and still uses his army bicycle. In 2012, the Department of Defence, Civil Defence, and Sport purchased 4100 of the new, lighter MO-12 or Fahrrad 12, which are also available for private purchase.

Bicycle brake
A bicycle brake reduces the speed of a bicycle or prevents the wheels from moving. The two main types are: rim brakes and disc brakes. Drum brakes are less common on bicycles.

Most bicycle brake systems consist of three main components: a mechanism for the rider to apply the brakes, such as brake levers or pedals; a mechanism for transmitting that signal, such as Bowden cables, hydraulic hoses, rods, or the bicycle chain; and the brake mechanism itself, a caliper or drum, to press two or more surfaces together in order to convert, via friction, kinetic energy of the bike and rider into thermal energy to be dissipated.
Somerset (European Parliament constituency)
Somerset was a European Parliament constituency in England, covering all of Somerset and southern Avon.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies (on their 1974 boundaries) of Bath, Bridgwater, North Somerset, Taunton, Wells, Weston-super-Mare, and Yeovil.

The constituency was replaced by much of Somerset and West Dorset and part of Bristol in 1984.  Following further changes, these seats became part of the much larger South West England constituency in 1999.

Wells (UK Parliament constituency)
Wells was a constituency in Somerset in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Apart from between 2010–2015, Wells was represented by members of the Conservative Party since 1924.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished, with most of it being transferred to the new constituency of Wells and Mendip Hills, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.
Jhenaidah Textile Engineering College
Jhenaidah Textile Engineering College is an undergraduate public engineering college located in the Jhenaidah district of the Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The college offers four year BSc Engineering degree under Bangladesh Textile University. In the 2017–18 academic year, the college started its academic activities in BSc Engineering in Textile Engineering.

Sheikh Kamal
Sheikh Kamal (5 August 1949 – 15 August 1975) was a Bangladeshi politician, athlete and military officer. He was the eldest son of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh, and the younger brother of Sheikh Hasina, who would later become prime minister of Bangladesh. He was the founder of Abahani Limited Dhaka.
John H. Rush
John Harlan "Speedy" Rush (1874 – August 31, 1958) was an American football player and coach and track athlete.  He served as the head football coach at Princeton University from 1915 to 1916 and at Cornell University in 1919, compiling career college football record of 15–9.  Rush was born in Waterloo, Iowa.  He played football at Grinell College as a halfback before entering Princeton in 1897.  At Princeton Rush ran track, worked as a newspaper correspondent, and attended football practice.  Rush graduated from Princeton in 1898 and relocated to Cleveland, Ohio, where he coached football and a number of other sports at University School, a private preparatory school.  Rush died at the age of 84, on August 31, 1958, at his daughter's home in Garden City, New York.

Waterloo, Iowa
Waterloo is a city in and the county seat of Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. It is the eighth-most populous city in Iowa, with a population of 67,314 at the 2020 census. Waterloo comprises a twin conurbation with neighboring municipality Cedar Falls, and is the larger of the two cities. The Waterloo – Cedar Falls metropolitan area has an estimated 170,000 residents.

Waterloo is a major manufacturing, commercial, and cultural center in Northeast Iowa. John Deere, a brand renowned for its tractors, engines, and other agricultural machinery, has been manufacturing its products in the city for over a century. Locally known as the “Factory City,” Waterloo has played a significant role in the production of these important agricultural tools. Waterloo is bisected by the Cedar River flowing southeastward.
Hirschland
Hirschland is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Hirschland is some twelve kilometres (seven miles) to the northwest of Phalsbourg, beside the autoroute towards Sarre-Union and, further to the west, Metz.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
Francis Skidmore
Francis Alfred Skidmore (1817 – 13 November 1896) was a British metalworker best known for high-profile commissions, including the glass and metal roof of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (1859), the Hereford Cathedral choir screen (1862) and the Albert Memorial (1866–73) in London.
Skidmore was heavily influenced by Gothic Revival style, a movement characterised by its use of medieval designs and styles. He was a member of both the Oxford Architectural Society and the Ecclesiological Society, two organisations which endorsed the Gothic Revival style. Skidmore also worked closely with architect Sir George Gilbert Scott.

Hereford Cathedral
Hereford Cathedral, formally the Cathedral of Saint Mary the Virgin and Saint Ethelbert the King in Hereford, is a Church of England cathedral in Hereford, England. It is the seat of the bishop of Hereford and the principal church of the diocese of Hereford. The cathedral is a grade I listed building.

A place of worship has existed on the site of the present building since the 8th century or earlier. The present building was begun in 1079. Substantial parts of the building date from both the Norman and the Gothic periods.

The cathedral has the largest library of chained books in the world, its most famous treasure being the Mappa Mundi, a medieval map of the world created around 1300. The map is listed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.

Solid-state physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. Thus, solid-state physics forms a theoretical basis of materials science. Along with solid-state chemistry, it also has direct applications in the technology of transistors and semiconductors.
Milan, Pennsylvania
Milan is an unincorporated community in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along U.S. Route 220, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of Athens. Milan has a post office with ZIP code 18831.

Athens, Pennsylvania
Athens is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 2 miles (3 km) south of the New York state line on the Susquehanna and Chemung rivers. The population was 3,265 at the 2020 census. Athens is in a small area locally known as "The Valley", a group of four contiguous communities in Pennsylvania and New York: Waverly, New York; South Waverly, Pennsylvania; Sayre, Pennsylvania; and Athens. The Valley has a population near 30,000.
Neo-Calvinism
Neo-Calvinism is a Calvinist theological movement that was initiated in the late-19th century in the Netherlands. It was originally developed by theologians like Abraham Kuyper, a former Dutch prime minister, and Herman Bavinck who insisted on holding fast to historic Calvinistic thinking, but with a willingness to actively engage in every new context offered by a modern and pluralistic society. In this regard, Kuyper famously stated:

No single piece of our mental world is to be hermetically sealed off from the rest, and there is not a square inch in the whole domain of human existence over which Christ, who is sovereign over all, does not cry: 'Mine!'

While Neo-Calvinism originated in the Netherlands, it later found prominence in the United States, initially through Dutch immigrant theologians like Geerhardus Vos and Cornelius Van Til in the 20th century. It has since gained wider appeal in the United States and other countries, such as the United Kingdom and China.

Geerhardus Vos
Geerhardus Johannes Vos (March 14, 1862 – August 13, 1949) was a Dutch-American Calvinist theologian and one of the most distinguished representatives of the Princeton Theology. He is sometimes called the father of Reformed Biblical theology.
SEED (organization)
SEED is a global partnership for action on sustainable development and the green economy. It was initiated in 2001 by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). Under the name SEED Initiative it was presented as an “Example of Excellence” partnership inter alia by UNEP and BMUB at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 where it was also registered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a Type II Partnership. SEED was originally conceived as an acronym for Supporting Entrepreneurs for Environment and Development.

Earth Summit 2002
The World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, took place in  South Africa, from 26 August to 4 September 2002. It was convened to discuss sustainable development organizations, 10 years after the first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. (It was therefore also informally nicknamed "Rio 10.")
2007 Machap by-election
The 2007 Machap by-election was held on 12 April 2007. The seat in the state assembly of Malacca, Malaysia, fell vacant after the incumbent, Datuk Wira Poh Ah Tiam of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), died on 15 March that year. On 21 March 2007, the Election Commission of Malaysia (EC) announced 3 April 2007 as the nomination day and 12 April 2007 the election date. The MCA candidate, Lai Meng Chong eventually defeated the opposition candidate of Liou Chen Kuang, with a reduced majority compared to the previous 2004 election.

Alor Gajah
Alor Gajah is a town and district seat of Alor Gajah District in the Malaysian state of Malacca. It is governed by Alor Gajah Municipal Council (Malay: Majlis Perbandaran Alor Gajah), which was formerly known as Alor Gajah District Council (Malay: Majlis Daerah Alor Gajah) from 1 July 1978 until 1 May 2003.
Mäntyharjun asemanseutu
Mäntyharjun asemanseutu (lit. Mäntyharju station area) is a village and administrative center of the Mäntyharju municipality in South Savo, Finland. At the end of 2019, the village had 3,629 inhabitants. It is located along the Savonia railway, and as its name suggests, the village has developed in the immediate vicinity of the Mäntyharju railway station. Lake Pyhävesi is located near the village.

In addition to the railway station, many of the municipality's most important services are located in the village, such as a high school and a comprehensive school, a library, a health center, a pharmacy, a sports field, a couple of grocery stores (S-market and K-Supermarket) and a few restaurants. There is also a rural hotel called Villa-Aurora in the village.

S Group
The S Group (Finnish: S-ryhmä, Swedish: S-gruppen) is a Finnish retailing cooperative organisation with its head office in Helsinki. Founded in 1904, it consists of 19 regional cooperatives operating all around Finland in addition to SOK, Suomen Osuuskauppojen Keskuskunta (The Central Finnish Cooperative Society). S Group operates in the markets for groceries, consumer durables, service station, hotel and restaurant services.  It is engaged in close competition with Kesko, with which it shares an oligopolistic position in many of the markets it operates in.

The group has businesses in Finland and Estonia. The S Group also had businesses in Latvia and Lithuania, but announced withdrawal from these markets in May 2017. It also withdrew from the Russian market in 2022.

The organisation's member (loyalty) card is called S-Etukortti.
Logie Awards of 1988
The 30th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Friday 11 March 1988 at the Hyatt on Collins in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Daryl Somers and guests included Mickey Rooney and Bea Arthur.

Daryl Somers
Daryl Paul Somers (né Schulz; 6 August 1951) is an Australian television personality and musician, and a triple Gold Logie award winner. He rose to national fame as the host and executive producer of the long-running comedy-variety program Hey Hey It's Saturday and continued his television celebrity and status as host of the live-performance program Dancing with the Stars.

Somers was honoured in 2004 with the award of a Medal of the Order of Australia, and by Australia Post in 2018 by having his portrait featured on a series of postage stamps.
Marai Parai
Marai Parai or Marei Parei is a plateau on the northwestern side of Mount Kinabalu, in Malaysia, and part of the Kinabalu Park, with an average elevation of 1,652 metres (5,420 ft). It is accessible through trekking about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the nearest village, Kampung Kiau Nuluh in Kota Belud, with other nearby settlements include Kiau Taburi and Kiau Bersatu. Marai Parai is understood to be entirely ultramafic, with its soils are especially nutrient-poor and waterlogged.

The plateau was named after a sedge species, Tetraria pilisepala. Marai Parai is the Dusun name of the grasses, and denotes the resemblance of the sedge plants such as T. pilisepala and Scirpus subcapitatus, which are very common on the plateau, to hill padi.

Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.
Hammersmith Palais
The Hammersmith Palais de Danse, in its last years simply named Hammersmith Palais, was a dance hall and entertainment venue in Hammersmith, London, England that operated from 1919 until 2007. It was the first palais de danse to be built in Britain. In 2009, it was named by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of twelve venues which had made the most important contributions to jazz music in the United Kingdom.

The Palais occupied a large site on the A219 at 242 Shepherd's Bush Road, London W6, near the circular system under the A4 Hammersmith flyover. The area has two London Underground stations, a bus station, and the road network at Hammersmith Broadway.

Dave Haslam
Dave Haslam is a British writer, broadcaster and DJ who DJed over 450 times at the Haçienda nightclub in Manchester and has since DJed worldwide. He has written for the New Musical Express, The Guardian, the London Review of Books and The Times, and has published five books.
Netherlands at the Cricket World Cup
The Dutch cricket team is a national cricket team representing the Netherlands. It is administered by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Cricket Bond (Royal Dutch Cricket Association) which is based in Amstelveen close to Amsterdam and is older than many renowned cricket clubs in the West Indies, Australia, and New Zealand. The Netherlands have participated in the 1996, 2003, 2007 2011, and 2023 Cricket World Cups.

Adeel Raja
Mohammad Adeel Khalid Raja (Urdu: محمد عدیل خالد راجہ; born 15 August 1980), or Adeel Raja, is a Pakistani-born Dutch cricketer.

His One Day International debut  for the Netherlands against Sri Lanka was on 16 September 2002. Raja is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler.