hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors election
The 2024 Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors elections took place on March 5, 2024, to elect members of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Three of the five seats on the board were up for election to four-year terms. Municipal elections in California are officially nonpartisan; candidates' party affiliations do not appear on the ballot.

Incumbent supervisors Kathryn Barger, Janice Hahn, and Holly Mitchell all won re-election outright, negating the need for a runoff. This was the first supervisorial election cycle without a second round of voting since 2018.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
St Thomas of Canterbury Church, Woodford Green
St Thomas of Canterbury Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in Woodford Green, Woodford, London. It was built from 1895 to 1896, was designed by Alexander Scoles and has been served by the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor since its foundation. It is located on Woodford Green road next to Trinity Catholic High School. It was funded by Henrietta Pelham-Clinton, Duchess of Newcastle, who also paid for the friary, a primary school, a school for girls, a house for the Poor Servants of the Mother of God, and is buried in the church.

Herbert Vaughan
Herbert Alfred Henry Joseph Thomas Vaughan MHM (15 April 1832 – 19 June 1903) was an English prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Westminster from 1892 until his death in 1903, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1893. He was the founder in 1866 of St Joseph's Foreign Missionary Society, known best as the Mill Hill Missionaries. He also founded the Catholic Truth Society and St. Bede's College, Manchester. As Archbishop of Westminster, he led the capital campaign and construction of Westminster Cathedral.

In 1871 Vaughan sent a group of Mill Hill priests to the United States to minister to freedmen. In 1893, the American branch of the society spun off, with Vaughan's permission, to form the Society of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, whose members are known as Josephites.
RCW Catalogue
The RCW Catalogue (from Rodgers, Campbell & Whiteoak) is an astronomical catalogue of Hα-emission regions in the southern Milky Way, described in (Rodgers et al. 1960). It contains 182 objects, including many of the earlier Gum catalogue (84 items) objects.

The later Caldwell catalogue included some objects from the RCW catalogue. There is also some overlap with the Sharpless catalogue-2 (312 items), although that primarily covered the northern hemisphere, whereas RCW and Gum primarily covered the southern hemisphere.

The RCW catalogue was compiled by Alexander William Rodgers, Colin T. Campbell and John Bartlett Whiteoak. They catalogued southern nebulae while working under Bart Bok at the Mount Stromlo Observatory in Australia in the 1960s.

Mount Stromlo Observatory
Mount Stromlo Observatory located in the west of Canberra, Australia, is part of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University (ANU). Australia's oldest telescope and several others at the observatory were destroyed by bushfire in 2003.
Matthew Henson State Park
Matthew Henson State Park is a publicly owned greenway with recreational features that runs along Turkey Branch, a tributary of Rock Creek, in Montgomery County, Maryland. The state park is managed by Montgomery County under an agreement with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. It was named for Maryland native and arctic explorer Matthew Henson.

Matthew Henson Trail, an 8-foot-wide (2.4 m) hard surface hiking/biking trail, was completed through the park in 2009. The trail runs 4.5 miles (7.2 km) from the Rock Creek Hiker-Biker Trail near Aspen Hill northeast to Alderton Road near Layhill. The trail features 0.6 miles (0.97 km) of wooden boardwalk through environmentally sensitive areas.

Greenway (landscape)
A greenway is usually a shared-use path along a strip of undeveloped land, in an urban or rural area, set aside for recreational use or environmental protection. Greenways are frequently created out of disused railways, canal towpaths, utility company rights of way, or derelict industrial land. Greenways can also be linear parks, and can serve as wildlife corridors. The path's surface may be paved and often serves multiple users: walkers, runners, bicyclists, skaters and hikers. A characteristic of greenways, as defined by the European Greenways Association, is "ease of passage": that is that they have "either low or zero gradient", so that they can be used by all "types of users, including mobility impaired people".

In Southern England, the term also refers to ancient trackways or green lanes, especially those found on chalk downlands, like the Ridgeway.
Uniting Australia Party
The Uniting Australia Party was a minor Australian political party that ran candidates in the 2013 federal election. During the campaign it attracted attention for thwarting Clive Palmer's attempts to name his party the "United Australia Party", since it had registered first and the names were too similar.

The party was involved in Glenn Druery's Minor Party Alliance (MPA).

The party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission in July 2015, after failing to respond to the AEC's notice to confirm eligibility for registration.

Australian Electoral Commission
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is the independent statutory agency of the Australian Government responsible for the management and oversight of Australian federal elections, plebiscites, referendums and some trade union elections.
Battle of Khoy (1478)
The Battle of Khoy is considered to be the decisive battle between the sons of Uzun Hasan, Sultan Khalil and Sultan Yaqub, which ended the battle for the throne on August 14, 1478. Although the battle began with the victory of Sultan Khalil, it ended with the victory of Sultan Yaqub and Sultan Khalil was killed. After entering Tabriz, Sultan Yaqub decided to pardon most of Khalil's supporters.

Yaqub Aq Qoyunlu
Yaqub b. Uzun Hasan (Persian: یعقوب بن اوزون حسن), commonly known as Sultan Ya'qub (Persian: سلطان یعقوب; Azerbaijani: Sultan Yaqub سلطان یعقوب) was the ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu from 1478 until his death on 24 December 1490. A son of Uzun Hasan, he became the ruler of the dynasty after the death of his brother Sultan Khalil. The borders of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty remained stable during his reign. In his book Tarikh-i Alam-ara-yi Amini, Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani praised him as a decent successor of Uzun Hasan. Ya'qub received praise from other historians for supporting poets and scientists.
Cynthia Gardner
Cynthia A. Gardner is an American geologist and volcanologist noted for her work on Mount St. Helens. She was the acting Scientist-in-Charge (SIC) of the Cascades Volcano Observatory during the 2004 volcanic reawakening at Mount St. Helens, and officially served as SIC from 2005 to 2010—the first female to fill the role. She has continued to be regarded as an expert on volcanology in the Cascade Range.

A 1977 graduate of the University of Vermont, Gardner joined the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1980, and worked out of their office in Denver, Colorado. She was transferred to the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory in 1897, and is currently a USGS emeritus scientist.

Along with Kate Allstadt, Gardner is a leader of the GeoGirls program, which helps young girls connect with geology by introducing them to experienced women geologists who lead them on educational activities.

2004–2008 volcanic activity of Mount St. Helens
The 2004–2009 volcanic activity of Mount St. Helens in Washington, United States was a documented continuous eruption, which occurred in the form of gradual extrusion of magma. Starting in October 2004 and ceasing in January 2008, a new lava dome was built up. The new dome did not rise above the rim of the crater created by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
Hazari Lane violence
In November 2024, an incident in Hazari Lane, Chittagong, Bangladesh, was triggered by a Facebook post referring the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) as a "terrorist organisation". The post reportedly caused discontent among ISKCON members. Subsequently, a mob, including members associated with ISKCON, attacked a local Muslim businessman who shared the post and attempted to burn down his shop in the vicinity.

Joint forces of Bangladesh Police and Bangladesh Army intervened to disperse the crowd and conducted searches of local properties in the area. According to statement from the joint forces, they were reportedly attacked by individuals in the crowd, who threw acid and other objects at them during the incident, resulting in the injuries to several personnel. In connection with the incident, Chattogram Metropolitan Police detained 80 individuals and 49 people were shown arrested after verification.

Bangladesh Police
The Bangladesh Police (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ, romanized: Baṅladeś Puliś) is the national law enforcement service of Bangladesh, operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for maintaining peace, enforcing law and order, and ensuring the safety and security of citizens across the country. While primarily concerned with law enforcement and protection of individuals and property, the Bangladesh Police also play a significant role in the criminal justice system. Established before the 1971 Liberation War, the force contributed actively during the war and has since evolved into the country’s principal policing institution. The Bangladesh Police also participate in United Nations peacekeeping missions, providing personnel for international law enforcement and security operations.
White Roding
White Roding is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. The village is included in the eight hamlets and villages called The Rodings. White Roding is 8 miles (13 km) north-west from the county town of Chelmsford. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 321.

Maryon-Wilson baronets
The Wilson, later Maryon-Wilson Baronetcy, of East Borne in the County of Sussex, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 4 March 1661 for William Wilson, of East Borne Place (now Compton Place) in the parish of Eastbourne, Sussex, a descendant of Sir Thomas Wilson (1524-1581), Knight, Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth I.

The sixth Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Sussex, from 1774 to 1780. The eleventh Baronet assumed the additional surname of Maryon in 1899. The title became extinct on the death of the thirteenth Baronet in 1978.
Rtelnet
RTelnet is a SOCKS client version of telnet in Unix-like systems. The RTelnet utility provides similar functionality of telnet to those hosts which are behind a firewall.

Normally, firewalls are designed to permit or deny network transmissions based upon a set of rules. Network accessibility across the firewall is reduced in order to provide adequate security to hosts within the firewall. Because of this, many services can not directly access the resources placed outside the firewall. RTelnet utility provides functionality of telnet while maintaining the security requirement of firewall and NAT. Though the utility differs very much from its counterpart in implementation, it behaves almost indistinguishably to users in terms of command interface and communication scheme. RTelnet is a "versatile" client - it can be used for both connections to inside hosts directly and to outside hosts via SOCKS proxy servers.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Lake Chew Bahir
Lake Chew Bahir (Amharic: ጨው ባሕር č̣ew bāhir, "salty lake") or Lake Istifanos, also called Stefanie, Basso Naebor and Chuwaha, is a lake in southern Ethiopia, located on the southwestern end of the South Ethiopia Regional State, near the border with Oromia Region.

South Ethiopia Regional State
The South Ethiopia Regional State (Amharic: ደቡብ ኢትዮጵያ ክልላዊ መንግስት, romanized: debubi ītiyop’iya kililawī menigisiti) is a region in southern Ethiopia. It was formed from the southern part of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) on 19 August 2023 after a successful referendum.

Wolaita Sodo  is the region's political and administrative center. Other regional bureaus were established in Wolaita Sodo, Dilla, Arba Minch, Sawla, Karati and Jinka.
2016 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony
The closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Paralympics was held at the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 18 September 2016.

The ceremony's cultural portions were structured as a concert featuring a number of mainstream Brazilian singers and bands, headlined by pop divas Ivete Sangalo and Gaby Amarantos. As per Paralympic protocol, the ceremony featured the official closing of the Games, including closing remarks by International Paralympic Committee president Philip Craven and the leader of the Games' organizing committee, Carlos Arthur Nuzman, the handover of the Paralympic flag from Rio de Janeiro mayor Eduardo Paes to Yuriko Koike, governor of Tokyo—host of the 2020 Summer Paralympics, a cultural presentation by the next host city, and the extinguishing of the Paralympic flame and marked an end for this edition of the games.

Andreas Kisser
Andreas Rudolf Kisser (Portuguese: [ˈɐ̃dɾeɐz ʁuˈdowf ˈkiseʁ]; born 24 August 1968) is a Brazilian musician, best known for being the lead guitarist for the metal band Sepultura. He has been featured on every Sepultura release since their second album, Schizophrenia. Additionally, Kisser has also been involved in other bands such as the rock supergroup Hail!, Sexoturica and, more recently, De La Tierra.
Louisa Wall
Louisa Hareruia Wall (born 17 February 1972) is a New Zealand former double international sportswoman, former politician, and human rights advocate. She represented New Zealand in both netball as a Silver Fern from 1989 to 1992 and in rugby union as a member of the Black Ferns from 1995 to 2001, including as a member of the 1991 World Netball Championships runner-up team and 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup winning team.

Wall had a political career with the New Zealand Labour Party between 2002 and 2022. She was a Labour list Member of Parliament (MP) and MP for Manurewa in 2008 and again from 2011 to 2022. Wall was well known for her successful attempt leading the legalisation of same-sex marriage in New Zealand in 2013. She resigned from Parliament to serve as New Zealand's ambassador for Pacific gender equality, a role she held until early 2024.

Double international
A double international or dual international is someone who has represented their country at international level in at least two different sports. Such people have always been exceptional, and with increasing specialisation have become more so.

They are to be distinguished from people who have represented at least two different countries in the same sport. For those, see Category:Change of nationality in sport.
Church of St Peter & St Paul, Combe Florey
The Church of St Peter & St Paul in Combe Florey, Somerset, England has some remains from the 13th century but is mostly from the 15th century and is designated as a Grade I listed building.

The church is built of Old Red Sandstone with Hamstone around the windows and doorways. It has a three-bay nave with north aisle and west three-stage tower. The chancel is of Victorian construction. The interior includes several monuments, one of which is attributed to John Michael Rysbrack, and three stone effigies which date from the 14th century.

Sydney Smith was rector of the Church of St Peter and St Paul from 1829 until his death in 1845.

Auberon Waugh is buried in St Peter and Paul's churchyard. Evelyn Waugh is buried in a private plot of land next to the churchyard.

The Anglican parish is part of the benefice of Bishop's Lydeard with Lydeard Saint Lawrence, Bagborough, Combe Florey and Cothelstone within the Taunton archdeaconry.

Cothelstone
Cothelstone is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated in the Quantock Hills six miles north of Taunton. The parish, which includes the hamlet of Toulton, has a population of 111.

The view from Cothelstone with a telescope on a fine day is said to include 14 counties and 150 churches.
Goodson
Goodson is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrienne Goodson (born 1966), American basketball player

Alfred Goodson (1867–1940), British businessman and public servant

Barbara Goodson (born 1949), American voice actress

Clarence Goodson (born 1982), American soccer player

Don Goodson (1932–2010), English cricketer

Ed Goodson (born 1948), American baseball player

Ida Goodson (1909–2000), American classic female blues and jazz singer and pianist

Ivor Goodson (born 1943), British educationalist

Jonathan Goodson (born 1945), American television producer

Katharine Goodson (1872–1958), English pianist

Kenneth E. Goodson (born 1967), American engineer

Len Goodson (1880−1922), English footballer

Mark Goodson (1915–1992), American television producer

Patricia Goodson, American concert pianist

Tyler Goodson (born 2000), American football player

William Goodsonn (1610–c. 1680), English vice-admiral in the Royal Navy

Don Goodson
Donald Goodson (15 October 1932 – 13 September 2010) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who played first-class cricket for Leicestershire between 1950 and 1953. He was born in Eastwell, Leicestershire and died at Cape Town, South Africa.

Goodson played as an amateur player in a single first-class match for Leicestershire in 1950, scoring just one run in two innings and failing to take a wicket. He reappeared in eight games in the middle of the 1953 season, but again had very little success.

In 1957, Goodson took five wickets in an innings in a rain-hit non-first-class inter-service match while playing for the Army. This encouraged Leicestershire, which by that time had a second eleven playing in the Minor Counties Championship, to give him a further trial, but although he played regularly for the second team across 1958, he did not reappear in first-class cricket, and the 1953 matches were his last.
Dobrá Voda (Pelhřimov District)
Dobrá Voda is a municipality and village in Pelhřimov District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Dobrá Voda lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Pelhřimov, 24 km (15 mi) west of Jihlava, and 102 km (63 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires
The Real Audiencia de Buenos Aires, were two audiencias, or highest courts, of the Spanish crown, which operated in Buenos Aires. The jurisdiction of the first covered the territory of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata and operated from 1661 to 1671. The second began to function in 1783 and had jurisdiction over the parts of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata not covered by the Audiencia de Charcas, that is to say the intendancies of Buenos Aires, Córdoba del Tucumán, Salta del Tucumán and Paraguay. In 1810, after the May Revolution, it was suspended, and in 1813 the Assembly of the Year XIII permanently abolished it. The Audiencias operated in the city's cabildo building.

Intendancy of Paraguay
The Intendancy of Paraguay (Spanish: Intendencia del Paraguay), also known as the Intendancy of Asunción (Spanish: Intendencia de Asunción) was an administrative-territorial unit that was part of the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata. It was created on 28 January 1782 and came to an end after the May 1811 Revolution.
Suzanne Lohnes-Croft
Suzanne Lohnes-Croft is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2013 provincial election and was re-elected in 2017. A member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party, she represented the electoral district of Lunenburg until her defeat in the 2021 Nova Scotia general election.

Nova Scotia Liberal Party
The Nova Scotia Liberal Party (officially the Liberal Association of Nova Scotia) is a centrist provincial political party in Nova Scotia, Canada and the provincial section of the Liberal Party of Canada. The party currently holds two seats in the Legislature, under the interim leadership of Iain Rankin. The party was in power most recently from the 2013 election until the 2021 election.

The party is the only party in the province with uninterrupted presence in the legislature since confederation. It has formed the Government of Nova Scotia for 90 of the approximately 160 years since it became a province of Canada. It won 25 of the province's 42 elections, but was supplanted by the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party as the official opposition for three consecutive elections in 1999, 2003 and 2006, and again in the most recent election in 2024.
Galea (botany)
A galea is an overhanging, helmet-shaped, part of the flower that protects the reproductive parts from precipitation, wind, or unwanted visitors. The galea is composed of one or more petals or sepals that have either fused or folded together. The name is taken from the same word for a Roman soldier's helmet.

The specific epithet galeatus(-a-um), galeiformis(-e), galeritus(-a-um) or galericulatus(-a-um) can be found in nomenclature, referring to a prominent helmet-shaped feature in the organism. There are several genera that have been named to reflect this characteristic: Galeandra, Galearia and Galearis.

Galearia
Galearia is a genus of plant of the family Pandaceae. It is native to Indochina, insular Southeast Asia, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. They are large trees or shrubs which exude a white liquid.

Accepted species:

Galearia aristifera Miq. - Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra

Galearia celebica Koord. - Sulawesi, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands

Galearia filiformis (Blume) Boerl. - Java, Sumatra

Galearia fulva (Tul.) Miq. - Indochina, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines

Galearia maingayi Hook.f. - Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra