hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joan E. Spero
Joan Edelman Spero (born October 2, 1944 in Davenport, Iowa) is a Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs, where she researches and writes about international philanthropy and its role in the global system. From 2009 to 2010, Ms. Spero was a visiting scholar at the Foundation Center, where she conducted research on the role of American private foundations in U.S. foreign policy and in the global system.

Candid (organization)
Candid is an information service specializing in reporting on U.S. nonprofit companies. In 2016, its database provided information on 2.5 million organizations. It is the product of the February 2019 merger of GuideStar with Foundation Center.

The organization maintains comprehensive databases on grantmakers and their grants; issues a wide variety of print, electronic, and online information resources; conducts and publishes research on trends in foundation growth, giving, and practice; and offers education and training programs.
Billardiera nesophila
Billardiera nesophila is a species of flowering plant in the family Pittosporaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a slender, twining shrub that has narrowly elliptic leaves and pendent yellowish-green flowers that turn canary yellow as they age.

Pittosporaceae
Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian realms. The type genus is Pittosporum Banks ex Gaertn.
Pamela Colloff
Pamela Colloff is an American journalist. She has contributed to The New Yorker, but a majority of her work has been featured in Texas Monthly, where she was an executive editor. As of 2017, Colloff is a senior reporter at ProPublica and a writer-at-large at The New York Times Magazine.

Texas Monthly
Texas Monthly (stylized as TexasMonthly) is a monthly American magazine headquartered in Austin, Texas, United States. Founded in 1973 by Michael R. Levy, Texas Monthly chronicles life in contemporary Texas, writing on politics, the environment, industry, and education. The magazine also covers leisure topics such as music, art, dining, and travel. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).

After being sold to Emmis Publishing, L.P. in 1998, the magazine was later sold to Genesis Park LP in 2016 for $25 million, and is currently owned by Randa Williams as of 2019. In 2021, Texas Monthly began expanding into video production through its acquisition of Phillips Productions, best known as the producers of Texas Country Reporter.
Irish potato candy
Irish potato candy is a traditional candy from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Despite its name, it is not from Ireland, and does not usually contain any potato. The candies have a coconut cream inside (generally made from some blend of coconut, confectioner's sugar, vanilla, and cream or cream cheese) and are rolled in cinnamon on the outside, resulting in an appearance reminiscent of small potatoes. The treats are about the size of a large marble and are especially popular around St. Patrick's Day.

Oh Ryan's of Boothwyn, Pennsylvania, claims to be the largest distributor of Irish Potatoes, shipping about 80,000 pounds to major chains and smaller candy stores, mostly in the Philadelphia area. See's Candies, based in South San Francisco, also makes a version composed of a divinity and English walnut interior dusted with cocoa and using pine nuts as potato "eyes". The potatoes are showcased as a seasonal product by Philadelphia-area supermarkets, such as Acme Markets.

Cream cheese
Cream cheese is a soft, usually mild-tasting fresh cheese made from milk and cream.  Cream cheese is not naturally matured and is meant to be consumed fresh, so it differs from other soft cheeses, such as Brie and Neufchâtel. It is more comparable in taste, texture, and production methods to Boursin and mascarpone. Stabilizers, such as carob bean gum and carrageenan, are often added in industrial production. It can also come in several flavors.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration defines cream cheese as containing at least 33% milk fat with a moisture content of not more than 55%, and a pH range of 4.4 to 4.9. Similarly, under Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, cream cheese must contain at least 30% milk fat and a maximum of 55% moisture. In other countries, it is defined differently and may need a considerably higher fat content.

Cream cheese originated in the United States in the 1870s.
John Morrison (footballer, born 1889)
John Morrison (26 January 1889 – 26 January 1972) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 120 appearances in the Scottish League for Falkirk as a utility player. After his retirement from football, he managed Third Lanark, St Mirren and Airdrieonians. He was nicknamed 'Slasher'.

Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)
Airdrieonians Football Club, more commonly known as Airdrie, was a Scottish professional football team from the town of Airdrie, in the Monklands area of Lanarkshire.

The club became defunct at the end of the Scottish Football League 2001–02 season, despite the team finishing as runners-up in the SFL First Division to Partick Thistle and therefore only narrowly missing out on promotion to the Scottish Premier League.

During their 124-year existence the "Diamonds", as they were nicknamed, won the old Scottish Division Two three times, the Spring Cup once and the Scottish Challenge Cup on three occasions. The club also competed in four separate Scottish Cup finals; winning the competition in 1924.

Airdrieonians were the first club in the Scottish League to fold since 1967, when Third Lanark went bankrupt.
NGC 376
NGC 376 is a young open cluster of stars in the southern constellation of Tucana. It was discovered on September 2, 1826, by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop. Dreyer, a Danish/British astronomer, described it as a "globular cluster, bright, small, round." It is irregular in form, with a central spike.

The cluster is located in the eastern extension of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a nearby dwarf galaxy. It may have already lost 90% of its original mass and is in the process of dissolving into the SMC. As a result, it has achieved a relatively low concentration of stars and is no longer in dynamic equilibrium. The cluster is about 28 million years old and contains ~3,400 times the mass of the Sun. It has a core radius of 7.6 ± 0.3 ly and a tidal radius of 19.2 ± 0.7 ly.

Dynamic equilibrium (chemistry)
In chemistry, a dynamic equilibrium exists once a reversible reaction occurs. Substances initially transition between the reactants and products at different rates until the forward and backward reaction rates eventually equalize, meaning there is no net change. Reactants and products are formed at such a rate that the concentration of neither changes. It is a particular example of a system in a steady state.
Eric Betts
Eric Bourne Coulter Betts (24 January 1897 – 30 October 1971) was an Irish air officer of the British Royal Air Force. He began his career in the Royal Naval Air Service during the First World War. He became a flying ace credited with six aerial victories, although acedom was incidental to his more important mission of long range photographic reconnaissance, for which he was decorated.

He remained in military service post-war, rising through the ranks of the Royal Air Force to group captain just before the Second World War began. As that war started, he was an influential participant in the United Kingdom's effort to gear up for the conflict; his sixteen early forecasts of needed personnel and logistic requirements for the Royal Air Force were accurate within a five percent margin.

Later in the war, having been promoted to air vice marshal, he was in charge of administration for Middle East Command. He retired in that rank post-war, on 10 March 1946.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
High School Attached to Beijing University of Technology
High School Attached to Beijing University of Technology (Chinese: 北京工业大学附属中学) is a high school located in Chuiyangliu Middle Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It is one of the beacon high schools accredited by Beijing municipal Government.

Beijing Municipal People's Government
The Beijing Municipal People's Government is the local administrative agency of Beijing. It is officially elected by the Beijing Municipal People's Congress and is formally responsible to the BMPC and its Standing Committee. The municipal government is headed by a mayor, currently Yin Yong. Under the country's one-party system, the mayor is subordinate to the secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
Eugenio Viola
Eugenio Viola (Naples, 1975) is an Italian art critic and curator based in Bogotá.

Viola is the current Chief Curator of the Bogota Museum of Modern Art (MAMBO), Colombia. He is a prolific contributor of Artforum. Previously, he was curator of the Italian Pavilion at the 59th Biennale. He is also part of the jury and decision committee of the Julius Baer Prize for Latin American women artists.

As a thinker, Eugenio Viola is one "of the most talented and inspirational young people who are driving forward the art world today” as stated by the British art magazine Apollo in 2014. He was voted the best Italian curator in 2016 and 2019 by the Italian art magazine Artribune.

Marina Abramović
Marina Abramović (Serbian Cyrillic: Марина Абрамовић, pronounced [marǐːna abrǎːmovitɕ]; born November 30, 1946) is a Serbian conceptual and performance artist. Her work explores body art, endurance art, the relationship between the performer and audience, the limits of the body, and the possibilities of the mind. Being active for over four decades, Abramović refers to herself as the "grandmother of performance art". She pioneered a new notion of artistic identity by bringing in the participation of observers, focusing on "confronting pain, blood, and physical limits of the body". In 2007, she founded the Marina Abramović Institute (MAI), a non-profit foundation for performance art.
Amelia Garvey
Amelia Rose Garvey (born 2 June 2000) is a New Zealand professional golfer and Ladies European Tour player. She was runner-up at the 2019 Women's Amateur Championship, the 2023 and 2024 FireKeepers Casino Hotel Championship, and the 2025 Wistron Ladies Open.

Junior Golf World Cup
The Toyota Junior Golf World Cup (Japanese: 世界ジュニアゴルフ推進会) is a junior golf championship held each summer in Japan for national teams of golfers 18 and under from around the globe.

Qualifying events are held on six continents to determine the 12 boys’ teams and nine girls’ teams who compete for the annual championship. Chukyo Golf Club, outside Nagoya, has served as the host course for 16 of the past 17 editions.

Toyota Motor Corporation has been the Junior Golf World Cup's title sponsor since 2002.
Langham Pond
Langham Pond is a 26.7-hectare (66-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Egham in Surrey.

The pond and its surrounding alluvial meadows on chalk represent a habitat unique in southern England. The pond is the remains of an oxbow lake, formed when a meander of the River Thames was bypassed. The pond contains all four British duckweeds, three nationally scarce plants and a species of fly which has been found nowhere else in Britain, Cerodontha ornata.

Oxbow lake
An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water. The word "oxbow" can also refer to a U-shaped bend in a river or stream, whether it is cut off from the main stream. It takes its name from an oxbow which is part of a harness for oxen to pull a plough or cart.

In South Texas, oxbows left by the Rio Grande are called resacas.  In Australia, oxbow lakes are called billabongs.
Cironka
Cironka (Macedonian: Циронка) is a traditional Macedonian fish dish that originated from Prespa region.

This dish is made from common bleak. The fresh fish are salted with a lot of salt until they become whitish. Then, the fish are left in a bowl for six to seven days. The bowl must be covered and in addition to the fish may contain some nettle. After that, the fish are threaded and they're left to dry on sunny weather, until they get hard. Then the fish are fried on both sides, and placed in hot water to become less salty. The fish are served with some peppermint, oil, vinegar and garlic.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Nora Nadjarian
Nora Nadjarian (born 1966) is an Armenian–Cypriot poet and short story writer. Writing in English, Armenian, and Greek, Nadjarian's writing has focused on the continued fallout of the 1974 partition of Cyprus.

A frequent participant in international competitions, poetry festivals, literary conferences and other projects, her poems and short stories have also appeared in numerous anthologies around the world.

She has said that her work is inspired by Sylvia Plath and Yehuda Amichai and also mentioned Paul Celan, Pablo Neruda and Sharon Olds as a few other idols.

Short list
A short list or shortlist is a list of candidates for a job, prize, award, political position, etc., that has been reduced from a longer list of candidates (sometimes via intermediate lists known as "long lists"). The length of short lists varies according to the context. A candidate on a short list may or may not receive the award or position.
Rochemaure
Rochemaure (French pronunciation: [ʁɔʃmoʁ]; Occitan: Ròchamaura) is a commune in the Ardèche department in Southern France. Many inhabitants of Rochemaure are in favour of the proposed road deviation in order to preserve the historic and cultural nature of the village. It is classified as a "village of character"; however, the area currently has a major departmental road running through it. The deviation would improve safety for cyclists of the Viarhonna as well as children who attend the local schools.

Ardèche
Ardèche (French pronunciation: [aʁdɛʃ] ⓘ; Occitan: Ardecha, pronounced [aɾˈdet͡ʃɔ]; Arpitan: Ardecha) is a department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. It is named after the river Ardèche and had a population of 328,278 as of 2019. Its prefecture is in Privas, but its largest city is Annonay.
Alan McLean (MP)
Sir Alan McLean MBE (5 July 1875 – 9 May 1959) was a British Member of Parliament.

McLean was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge.  He became a barrister at Lincoln's Inn.  He was also chair of the Lamson Paragon Supply Company, and served on the council of the National Rifle Association.  During World War I, he served in France.

McLean stood for the Conservative Party in Caerphilly at the 1922 general election, but was not elected.  He then stood in South West Norfolk in 1923, winning the seat.  He held the seat until 1929, when he was defeated, but won the seat back at the 1931 general election, standing down in 1935.

McLean retired to Alford, Aberdeenshire, where he was elected to Aberdeenshire County Council, serving as its convenor from 1950 until 1955.  He was also a deputy lieutenant for Aberdeenshire.

McLean was knighted in 1933, and was also made a Member of the Order of the British Empire.

1922 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Wednesday 15 November 1922. It was won by the Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister Bonar Law, which gained an overall majority over the Labour Party, led by J. R. Clynes, and a divided Liberal Party.

This election is considered one of political realignment, with the Liberal Party falling to third-party status. The Conservative Party went on to spend all but eight of the next forty-two years as the largest party in Parliament, and Labour emerged as the main competition to the Conservatives.

The election was the first not to be held in Southern Ireland, due to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, under which Southern Ireland was to secede from the United Kingdom as a Dominion – the Irish Free State – on 6 December 1922. This reduced the size of the House of Commons by nearly one hundred seats when compared to the previous election.
Snowdon station
Snowdon station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and is a transfer station between the Orange Line and Blue Line; it is the western terminus of the Blue Line. It is located in the Snowdon neighbourhood. The town of Hampstead is located nearby to the west, across Macdonald Avenue; one emergency exit from the station extends into Hampstead.

The station opened on September 7, 1981 with service on the Orange Line only, though the Blue Line platforms were built at the same time. At the time it was the western terminus of the Orange Line, taking over from Place-Saint-Henri station; it is thus the only station to have been the terminus of two different lines. Service on the Blue Line began on January 4, 1988.

Hampstead, Quebec
Hampstead is an on-island suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an independent municipality bordering the municipality of Côte Saint-Luc and the Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce borough of Montreal. The municipality has the highest percentage of Jewish population of any town in Canada, at 64% of the population.
Tamás (surname)
Tamás or Tamaș, the Hungarian word for "Thomas" and a common surname, can refer to:

Barnabás Tamás (1952), Hungarian politician

Gabriel Tamaș (1983), Romanian professional footballer

Gáspár Miklós Tamás (1948–2023), Hungarian marxist-anarcho-syndicalist philosopher and public intellectual

János Tamás (1936–1995), Hungarian-Swiss composer, conductor and music educator

Krisztián Tamás (1995), Hungarian professional footballer

László Tamás (1988), Romanian football player of Hungarian descent

Márk Tamás (1993), Hungarian professional footballer

Nándor Tamás (2000), Romanian professional footballer of Hungarian ethnicity

Olivér Tamás (2001), Hungarian professional footballer

Gabriel Tamaș
Gabriel Sebastian Tamaș (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡabriˈel ˈtamaʃ]; born 9 November 1983) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

Tamaș started out as a senior at FC Brașov in the 1998–99 season, and was a journeyman who competed professionally in Turkey, Russia, Spain, France, England, and Israel, apart from his own country. He won seven domestic trophies playing for rival sides Dinamo București and Steaua București in Romania, with which he had multiple spells, and his honours also include the Israel State Cup and the Israeli Super Cup with Hapoel Haifa.

A Romanian international for 15 years, Tamaș totalled 67 caps and three goals for the nation and was selected in the squad for the UEFA Euro 2008.
Evelyn Opela
Evelyn Opela (born 4 February 1945 in Warnsdorf Sudetenland now Varnsdorf, Czech Republic) is a German television actress.

In 1986 she married German television film producer Helmut Ringelmann. She lives in Munich.

Helmut Ringelmann
Helmut Ringelmann (4 September 1926 – 20 February 2011) was a German film and television producer.

Ringelmann was born in Munich, he produced a number of television series, including the long running Der Kommissar from 1968 to 1974. He is best remembered as the Producer of the Derrick TV series.
Ringelmann died in his house in Grünwald near Munich.
Georges Burou
Georges Burou (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ byʁu]; 6 September 1910 – 17 December 1987) was a French gynecologist who managed a clinic in Casablanca, Morocco, and is widely credited with innovating modern sex reassignment surgery for trans women.

Notable patients include Coccinelle, April Ashley, Jan Morris and allegedly, Amanda Lear.

Surgeons, including Stanley Biber, have credited Burou's methods as the basis for their techniques.

Labia majora
In primates, and specifically in humans, the labia majora (sg.: labium majus), also known as the outer lips or outer labia, are two prominent longitudinal skin folds that extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum. Together with the labia minora, they form the labia of the vulva.

The labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum.
Marie-Madeleine Frémy
Marie-Madeleine Frémy (died 1788) was a French painter.

Daughter of François-Nicolas Frémy (born 1727), seigneur de La Marque, and his wife Madeleine Charlot (1734–1800), her mother was a cousin of Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, with whom she studied. Her parents were married in Troyes in 1758; her date of birth is unknown, but it is presumed that as second daughter she was likely born in Aube in the early 1760s. In 1783 she exhibited a pastel and a number of portrait miniatures in Paris, among which was a portrait of her fellow pupil Marie-Victoire Davril.

Aube
Aube (French pronunciation: [ob] ⓘ ohb) is a French department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France. As with sixty departments in France, this department is named after a river: the Aube. With 310,242 inhabitants (2019), Aube is the 74th department in terms of population. The inhabitants of the department are known as Aubois or Auboises.

The department was constituted by a decree of the National Assembly of 15 January 1790.
Mark Crosweller
Mark Crosweller has served as head of Australia's National Resilience Taskforce, part of the Department of Home Affairs, having been appointed there following his service as the Director-General of Emergency Management Australia. He previously served as the third Commissioner for the ACT Emergency Services Agency responsible for the ACT Fire Brigade, ACT Ambulance Service, Rural Fire Service and State Emergency Service. He was appointed to this position in 2009 and left in 2012 for the Emergency Management Australia role. Crosweller had earlier been an Assistant Commissioner in the New South Wales Rural Fire Service.

He is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management.

Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service
The Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service (ACTAS) is responsible for providing emergency and non-emergency ambulance services to the ACT community.  Although existing since 1955 it was established in legislation by the Emergencies Act 2004 (ACT).

In 2005 ACTAS celebrated its 50th anniversary of service to the ACT community.  In 1955 the Canberra Ambulance Service was formally established as a separate entity and is the predecessor to the organisation that exists today.  From 1935 to 1955 the provision of ambulance services was done by members of the Fire Service.  Prior to that volunteer drivers from the Transport Section of the Department of the Interior drove the ambulance, a Model "T" Ford.