hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wet Lake (Kuyavia-Pomerania Voivodeship)
Wet Lake (Jezioro Mokre) is a small lake (0.1 km long, 0.5 km wide) in Poland situated in Kuyavia-Pomerania Voivodeship in Mogileński county in Dąbrowa commune, surrounded with farmland. There are 4 nearby villages: Mokre, Pałucka New Village, Obudno and Dąbrowa (Mogileński county).

Mogilno County
Mogilno County (Polish: powiat mogileński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was formed on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mogilno, which lies 52 km (32 mi) south of Bydgoszcz and 62 km (39 mi) south-west of Toruń. The only other town in the county is Strzelno, lying 16 km (10 mi) east of Mogilno.

The county covers an area of 675.86 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 45,756, out of which the population of Mogilno is 11,836, that of Strzelno is 5,631, and the rural population is 28,289.
Citrus County (novel)
Citrus County is the second novel by American author John Brandon, following his debut novel Arkansas. It was published on 6 July 2010 through  McSweeney's. While writing the book Brandon drew inspiration from several kidnappings in the United States and saw this as a way for the character of Toby to "distinguish himself from the common vandals and shoplifters Citrus County is crawling with."

McSweeney's
McSweeney's Publishing is an American nonprofit publishing house founded by Dave Eggers in 1998 and headquartered in San Francisco. The executive director is Amanda Uhle.

McSweeney's first publication was the literary journal Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern in 1998. Since then, the company has published novels, books of poetry, and other periodicals.
St. Matthias Mulumba Tindinyo Seminary
St. Matthias Mulumba Senior Seminary is Kenya's National Theologicum Seminary for training of Catholic clergy.  It is the youngest of four National Catholic Seminaries in Kenya and is owned and run by the Kenya Conference of Catholic Bishops (K.C.C.B.) and the Holy See. As of 2014 it was the biggest theologicum in Kenya, with over 100 students and a capacity for double that number.

It celebrated its silver jubilee on 14 February 2014.

Silver jubilee
A silver jubilee marks a 25th anniversary. The anniversary celebrations can be of a wedding anniversary, the 25th year of a monarch's reign or anything that has completed or is entering a 25-year mark.
Schleicher K7
The Schleicher K7 Rhönadler is a West German high-wing, two-seat, glider that was designed by Rudolf Kaiser and produced by Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co.

Often referred to as the Ka-7 or K-7, the US Federal Aviation Administration type certificate officially designates it as the K7.

Type certificate
A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (type design). Certification confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production is in compliance with applicable airworthiness requirements established by the national air law.

For up to three seats, primary category aircraft certification costs around US$1 million, US$25 million for a general aviation aircraft and hundreds of millions of dollars for a commercial aircraft; certification delays can cost millions of dollars and can decide a program's profitability.
Warsaw Shore series 13
The thirteenth series of Warsaw Shore, a Polish television programme based in Warsaw, Poland was announced in January 2020. The series was scheduled to premiere on 29 March 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rescheduled to another date. The new start date was 6 September 2020 and episodes began airing on Sunday and Wednesday. Ahead of the series it was announced that new cast members Milena Łaszek and Marceli Szklanny had joined the series. This is the first series not to include original cast members Anna "Mała" Aleksandrzak and Damian "Stifler" Zduńczyk, who had quit the show after the previous series. The series also featured the return of Damian "Dzik" Graf. Nathan Henry participant of Geordie Shore had a special participation during episodes eleven and twelve, it is the first time that a participant of said program is part of Warsaw Shore after the first season.

Geordie Shore
Geordie Shore is a British reality television series broadcast on MTV. It debuted on 24 May 2011, and is the British spin-off of the American series Jersey Shore. Set in Newcastle upon Tyne, the show follows the daily lives of a group of young participants. As of 2026, Geordie Shore has aired 26 series, making it one of MTV’s longest-running reality formats. Episodes have also been released on Paramount+ in the United Kingdom alongside MTV UK.
China National Highway 310
China National Highway 310 (G310) runs northwest from Lianyungang, Jiangsu towards Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi provinces, and ends in Tianshui, Gansu. It was originally 1613 kilometres in length, but was later extended westward to Gonghe County in Qinghai.

It runs parallel to the important G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway and Longhai railway east-west transport corridors.

Lianyungang
Lianyungang (simplified Chinese: 连云港; traditional Chinese: 連雲港; pinyin: Liányúngǎng) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangsu province, China. It borders Yancheng to its southeast, Huai'an and Suqian to its south, Xuzhou to its southwest, and the province of Shandong to its north. Its name derives from Lian Island, the largest island in Jiangsu which lies off its coastline, and Yuntai Mountain, the highest peak in Jiangsu, a few miles from the city center, and the fact that it is a port. The name can be literally translated as the Port Connecting the Clouds.

Lianyungang was home to 4.65 million inhabitants as of the 2020 census whom 1,210,767 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Haizhou and Lianyun counties. Lianyungang was known in the West as Haichow (Postal romanization), which means the City of Sea. Haichow was opened to foreign trade by the Qing imperial government in 1905.
James Ilgenfritz
James Ilgenfritz (born 1978) is an American composer, bassist and multi-instrumentalist. He is also a jazz sideman.

As a composer, he is known for his surreal experimental multimedia chamber operas, including The Ticket That Exploded (2011, in residency at ISSUE Project Room), and I Looked At The Eclipse (2019, in residency at Roulette Intermedium), and frenetic chamber works including In The Summer Every Truth Is Like A Saturday (2019).

As a jazz and experimental music sideman, he has collaborated with Lukas Ligeti and Eyal Maoz (in the trio Hypercolor), Elliott Sharp, Pauline Oliveros, Roscoe Mitchell, Anthony Braxton, John Zorn, Miya Masaoka, JG Thirlwell, Annie Gosfield, SEM Ensemble, Liturgy, and Ghost Ensemble.

Ilgenfritz studied at UCSD with Mark Dresser, Charles Curtis, and Miller Puckette.

Roulette Intermedium
Roulette Intermedium is a performing arts and new music venue located in Brooklyn, New York City. Founded in 1978, it has been located in the neighborhoods of Tribeca and SoHo in Manhattan, and now resides in a renovated theater in downtown Brooklyn. Roulette is a nonprofit organization focusing on fostering experimental dance, new music, and performance.
Kalidas Samman
The Kalidas Samman (Hindi: कालिदास सम्मान) is an arts award presented annually by the Government of Madhya Pradesh in India. The award is named after Kālidāsa, a renowned Classical Sanskrit writer of ancient India. The Kalidas Samman was first awarded in 1980. It was initially conferred in alternate years in four fields: Classical Music, Classical Dance, Theatre and Plastic Arts. From 1986-87 to 2008-09, the awards were presented in all four fields in most years, thereafter reverting to one person per year.

Plastic arts
Plastic arts are art forms which involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium, such as clay, wax, paint –  or even plastic in the modern sense of the word (a ductile polymer) –  to create works of art.  The term is used more generally to refer to the visual arts (such as painting, sculpture, ceramics, architecture, film and photography), rather than literature and music.  Materials for use in the plastic arts, in the narrower definition, include those that can be carved or shaped, such as stone or wood, concrete, glass, or metal.
Keith Floyd
Keith Floyd (28 December 1943 – 14 September 2009) was an English celebrity cook, restaurateur, television personality and "gastronaut" who hosted cooking shows for the BBC and published many books combining cookery and travel. On television, his eccentric style of presentation – usually drinking wine as he cooked and talking to his crew – endeared him to millions of viewers worldwide.

L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue
L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue (French pronunciation: [lil syʁ la sɔʁɡ]; Provençal: L'Illa de Sòrga [ˈlilɔ de ˈsɔʀɡɔ] or L'Illa de Venissa [ˈlilɔ de veˈnisɔ]) is a town and commune on the Sorgue river in Southeastern France. Politically, the commune is in the arrondissement of Avignon within the department of Vaucluse, in the région of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

The small town is famous for its many antique shops and hosts antique markets most Sundays. It has many waterside cafés and restaurants, all within walking distance of each other. Its many attractive water wheels throughout the town are still in working order, and it is sometimes known as Venise Comtadine, or the Venice of the Comtat Venaissin.

L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue is twinned with the towns of Penicuik in Scotland and Anagni in Italy.
Rachel Armitage (politician)
Rachel Armitage is an American Democratic politician who served as a member of the Oregon State Senate from the 16th district, representing all of Clatsop, Columbia, and Tillamook Counties as well as portions of Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties. She was appointed to the position on January 14, 2022 and did not run for reelection in the 2022 election. She left office on January 9, 2023.

Yamhill County, Oregon
Yamhill County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,722. The county seat is McMinnville. Yamhill County was named after the Yamhelas, members of the Kalapuya Tribe.

Yamhill County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley.
Asset-backed securities index
An asset-backed securities index is a curated list of asset-backed security exposures that is used for performance bench-marking or trading.

The original asset-backed securities index was the ABX, a synthetic tradeable index sponsored by Markit (now IHS Markit), which referenced a basket of 20 subprime mortgage-backed securities.

S&P Global
S&P Global Inc. (prior to 2016, McGraw Hill Financial, Inc., and prior to 2013, The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc.) is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Manhattan, New York. Its primary areas of business are financial information, analytics, and energy and commodities intelligence. It is the parent company of S&P Global Ratings, S&P Global Energy, S&P Global Market Intelligence, S&P Global Mobility, and the Indian credit rating agency CRISIL. It is also the majority owner of the S&P Dow Jones Indices joint venture. "S&P" is a shortening of "Standard and Poor's".
Nikolai Yanenko
Nikolai Nikolaevich Yanenko (Russian: Николай Николаевич Яненко; 22 May 1921 – 16 January 1984) was a Soviet mathematician and academician. He was known for his contributions to computational mathematics and fluid mechanics. He served as Director of the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Division of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Pearse McGloughlin
Pearse McGloughlin is a songwriter and artist from Sligo, Ireland. He has released five studio albums; Busy Whisper (2009), In Movement (2012) and Idiot Songs (2013) which was a concept album based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's 'The Idiot' in collaboration with composer Justin Grounds. McGloughlin draws on literary and philosophical influences in his work. His aesthetic is described as atmospheric or ethereal. McGloughlin released 'The Soft Animal' in 2016 under the artist name of 'Nocturnes'. ‘The Rest’ was released in 2020.

Sligo
Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/; Irish: Sligeach [ˈʃl̠ʲɪɟəx]; lit. 'abounding in shells') is a coastal seaport and the county town of County Sligo, Ireland, within the western province of Connacht. With a population of 20,608 in 2022, it is the county's largest urban centre (constituting 29.5% of the county's population) and the 24th largest in the Republic of Ireland.

Sligo is a commercial and cultural centre situated on the west coast of Ireland. Its surrounding coast and countryside, as well as its connections to the poet W. B. Yeats, have made it a tourist destination.
West Ravendale
West Ravendale is a hamlet in the civil parish of East Ravendale, in North East Lincolnshire, England, and approximately 8 miles (13 km) south-west from the town of Grimsby.

The ruins of West Ravendale Priory are located here. It was a small Alien house of the Premonstratensian Order. It belonged to Beaufort Abbey in Brittany. The site is a scheduled monument and Grade II listed.

West Ravendale Priory
West Ravendale Priory was a Premonstratensian priory in North East Lincolnshire, England and one of nine within the historical county. The site of the priory lies 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Grimsby, and 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the A18. Its previous position is defined by earthworks and rubble. The ruins are Grade II listed, and lie within the civil parish of East Ravendale.

The priory was founded in 1202 by Alan, son of Count Henry of Brittany, as a cell of the Premonstratensian abbey of Beauport in Brittany. Owing to wars with France it was taken into the possession of the English Crown, and was part of the dowry of Joan of Navarre, wife of Henry IV. After her death in 1437 the priory was assigned to the collegiate church of Southwell. The remains of the chapel of the priory survived into the early 20th century.
Kaštaritu
Kaštaritu (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒁹𒁉𒋫𒊑𒌅, romanized: Kaštaritu; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐎰𐎼𐎡𐎫, romanized: Xšaθrita; fl. 670s BCE) was a Median chieftain. He is mentioned as "King of the Medes" in an inscription dated 678 BCE. His lands were presumably located along the northeastern border of Assyria. Amongst his possessions was the city of Kār-Kaššî. Kaštariti forged an alliance of the Medes with the Cimmerians, Mannaeans, and Scythians against Assyria.

Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). Old Persian is close to both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit, and all three languages are highly inflected.

Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BCE to 300 BCE). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran,  Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt, with the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription (dated to 522 BCE).

In 2007, research into the vast Persepolis Administrative Archives at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago unearthed Old Persian tablets, which suggest Old Persian was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display.
Richard Diviš
Richard Diviš (born June 5, 1985 in Trutnov) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He played with HC Plzeň in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 season.

Diviš previously played for HC Kladno, HC VČE Hradec Králové, HC Berounští Medvědi and HC Slovan Ústečtí Lvi.

Královští Lvi
Královští Lvi Hradec Králové is a junior ice hockey team from Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. The organization used to have a senior men's team which played in the Czech 1.liga, the second level of Czech ice hockey. The men's team dissolved in 2013 after HC České Budějovice sold the Extraliga license to the city of Hradec Králové. It was replaced by Mountfield HK. Královští Lvi still exists as a youth team of Mountfield HK, but it doesn't have a men's team.
Litigation before the judgment in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co
The litigation before the judgment in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company was a rather decorated affair, considering that a future Prime Minister served as counsel for the company. A close reading of the submissions and the decision in the Queen's Bench show that the result of the Court of Appeal was not inevitable or necessarily a decision on orthodox principles of previous case law.

For the facts and full final decision, see Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company.

Consideration in English law
Consideration is an English common law concept within the law of contract, and is a necessity for simple contracts (but not for special contracts by deed). The concept of consideration has been adopted by other common law jurisdictions, including in the United States.

Consideration can be anything of value (such as any goods, money, services, or promises of any of these), which each party gives as a quid pro quo to support their side of the bargain. Mutual promises constitute consideration for each other. If only one party offers consideration, the agreement is a "bare promise" and is unenforceable.
PubRef.org
PubRef.org was a short lived project that is now discontinued.
The website is not accessible anymore. An old version can be accessed from the Internet Archive.

They used the same name PubRef which was a service provided by PubMed for linking bibliographies, defeated by the independent service Crossref.

PubRef was a composition and project management application used by researchers and students for scholarly writing and communication.
PubRef uses an extended form of Markdown  as a primary authoring format and converts this to JATS, the archive format used by the US National Library of Medicine.

Markdown
Markdown is a lightweight markup language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. John Gruber created Markdown in 2004 as an easy-to-read markup language. Markdown is widely used for blogging, instant messaging, and large language models, and also used elsewhere in online forums, collaborative software, documentation pages, and readme files.

The initial description of Markdown contained ambiguities and raised unanswered questions, causing implementations to both intentionally and accidentally diverge from the original version. This was addressed in 2014 when long-standing Markdown contributors released CommonMark, an unambiguous specification and test suite for Markdown.
Festucalex gibbsi
Gibbs’ pipefish (Festucalex gibbsi) is a species of marine fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found in the Western Pacific, from the Great Barrier Reef to Palau, the Chesterfield Islands and New Caledonia. Unconfirmed specimens have been reported off of the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. It lives in coastal sandy or rubble habitats, as well as areas with sponges and coralline algae, where it can grow to lengths of 8 centimetres (3.1 in). It is expected to feed on small crustaceans, similar to other pipefish. This species is ovoviviparous, with males brooding eggs and giving birth to live young. Males may brood at lengths of around 5 centimetres (2.0 in). The specific name honours P. E. Gibbs, who collected the type material.

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.
Johnny Raygun
Johnny Raygun is an action/adventure/sci-fi/comedy comic book published by JetPack Press, a small press publisher located in Rochester, New Hampshire. The title refers to the main protagonist, whose name is Johnny and is an agent of the elite "Raygun Agency." The comic's first publication was in 2003, and has largely been a quarterly publication.

The eponymous hero is actually named John Kurtzberg, a nod to famed comic book creator Jack Kirby. In Johnny's fictional universe, "Raygun" is a shortened vernacular term for "Raygun Agent", thus creating the title of the book.

The book pays homage to the style of classic science fiction stories such as Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers, and also Jonny Quest and Silver Age Marvel Comics. The book pokes fun at this subculture, although it does not focus exclusively on parody. There is a serious, serialized sci-fi adventure story running just below the book's jokes and pop culture references.

Homage (arts)
Homage (/ˈhɒmɪdʒ/ or /ˈɒmɪdʒ/) is a show or demonstration of respect or dedication to someone or something, sometimes by simple declaration but often by some more oblique reference, artistic or poetic. The term is often used in the arts, where one author or artist shows respect to another by allusion or imitation; this is often spelled like and pronounced similar to the original French hommage (/oʊˈmɑːʒ/).
Nicanor of Cyrene
Nicanor (/naɪˈkeɪnər/; Greek: Nικάνωρ Nīkā́nōr) of Cyrene was an ancient scholar who lived in the Hellenistic period. No works of his survive, but he is mentioned as the author of a work called Changes of names (μετονομασίας).

In the mention of him by Stephanus of Byzantium, older texts of Stephanus appear to give Nicanor the surname "Leandrios"; more recent editions correct the text to saying that Nicanor is quoting from another author named "Maiandrios".

Nicanor is quoted as having discussed the variation between the names Sardeis and Hydē (Stephanus); Melikertēs and Glaukos (Athenaeus); and the founding of the city of Thebes in Egypt (scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes).

Scholia
Scholia (sg.: scholium or scholion, from Ancient Greek: σχόλιον, "comment", "interpretation") are grammatical, critical, or explanatory comments – original or copied from prior commentaries – which are inserted in the margin of the manuscript of ancient authors, as glosses. One who writes scholia is a scholiast. The earliest attested use of the word dates to the 1st century BC.
M-183 (Michigan highway)
M-183 is a north–south state trunkline highway in the Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. It serves Fayette State Park as an access route from US Highway 2 (US 2). The highway runs through rural farmlands of the Garden Peninsula and next to Big Bay de Noc, a bay of Lake Michigan. The community at Fayette dates back to the 1860s. It has been a state park since the late 1950s, and the connecting road has been a state highway since the 1980s.

Fayette Historic State Park
Fayette Historic State Park is a historic preservation and public recreation area encompassing the historic town of Fayette in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located on the Big Bay de Noc of Lake Michigan, between Snail Shell Harbor and Sand Bay, on the southern side of the Upper Peninsula, about 17 miles south of US 2. Fayette was the site of an industrial community that manufactured charcoal pig iron between 1867 and 1891. The town has been reconstructed into a living museum, showing what life was like in this town in the late 19th century. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.