hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chand dynasty
The Chand dynasty was a kingdom that ruled the Kumaon area in present-day Uttarakhand state of India, after the decline of the Katyuri kingdom. At times, their rule also extended to the western parts of present-day Nepal. Somchand established the dynasty, establishing his capital at Rajbunga in present-day Champawat.

The traditional genealogical lists of the Chand dynasty date their founder's ascension to as early as the 7th century, but historical evidence suggests that the Chand rule began only in the early 11th century. Their rule ended in 1790, when Bahadur Shah of Nepal invaded the region, forcing the last king - Mahendra Chand - to flee.

Terai
The Terai or Tarai is a lowland region in parts of southern Nepal and northern India that lies to the south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas, the Sivalik Hills and north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. 
This region is characterised by tall grasslands, scrub savannah, sal forests and clay rich swamps. In North India, the Terai spreads from the Yamuna River eastward across Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. The Terai is part of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion.
Nepal's Terai stretches over 33,998.8 km2 (13,127.0 sq mi), about 23.1% of Nepal's land area, and lies at an elevation of between 67 and 300 m (220 and 984 ft). The region comprises more than 50 wetlands. North of the Terai rises the Bhabar, a narrow but continuous belt of forest about 8–12 km (5.0–7.5 mi) wide.
Megaleporinus muyscorum
Megaleporinus muyscorum is a species of freshwater fish in the genus Megaleporinus. It is endemic to Colombia, where it occurs in the Magdalena River Basin and Atrato River. The species was first described by Franz Steindachner in 1900.

Franz Steindachner
Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner described hundreds of new species of fish and dozens of new amphibians and reptiles. At least seven species of reptile have been named after him.
Bogdan (protovestijar)
Bogdan (fl. 1407–26), was a Serbian magnate (velikaš) in the service of Despot Stefan Lazarević (r. 1402–27), with the title of protovestijar (financial manager). He was the ktetor (donator) of Kalenić monastery, built in 1407–13. He is mentioned in 1426 alongside veliki vojvoda Radoslav, čelnik Radič and logotet Voihna. He had a brother, Petar. His wife was named Milica.

Logothete
Logothete (Greek: λογοθέτης, logothétēs, pl. λογοθέται, logothétai; Med. Latin: logotheta, pl. logothetae; Bulgarian: логотет; Italian: logoteta; Romanian: logofăt; Serbian: логотет, logotet) was an administrative title originating in the eastern Roman Empire. In the middle and late Byzantine Empire, it rose to become a senior administrative title, equivalent to a minister or secretary of state. The title spread to other states influenced by Byzantine culture, such as Bulgaria, Sicily, Serbia, and the Danubian Principalities.
Gaudentius (music theorist)
Gaudentius was a Greek music theorist in Classical Antiquity. Nothing is known of his life or background, or when he lived, except what can be inferred from his sole surviving work, Εἰσαγωγὴ ἁρμονική (English: Harmonic Introduction), a treatise.

Leonhard Schmitz and Karl von Jan say that he seems to have known the writings of Aristoxenus (fl. 335 BCE); but Schmitz says, not those of Ptolemy (c. 100-170 CE). Hugo Riemann says he may have been a younger contemporary of Ptolemy.: 20

Cassiodorus (c. 485-585) praises the treatise, and mentions a contemporary Latin translation for use in schools by one Mutianus, which has not survived. The treatise was first printed in 1652 by Marcus Meibomius, together with a commentary and a Latin translation, in his Antiquae musicae auctores septem (English: Ancient Music by Seven Authors).

Treatise
A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subjects concerned with investigating or exposing the main principles of the subject and its conclusions. A monograph is a treatise on a specialized topic.
2010–11 FIBA Americas League
The 2010–11 FIBA Americas League was the fourth edition of the first-tier and most important professional international club basketball competition in the regions of South America, Central America, the Caribbean, and Mexico, with the winner of the competition being crowned as the best team and champion of all of those regions. It was played between December 9, 2010 and March 6, 2011. The Argentine League club Peñarol de Mar del Plata, was the defending champion. Regatas Corrientes, also from Argentina, won the title.

FIBA Americas
FIBA Americas (Spanish: Confederación Panamericana de Baloncesto, French: FIBA Amériques) is a continental federation of FIBA (International Basketball Federation). It is one of FIBA's five continental zones.  FIBA Americas is responsible for the organization and governance of the major international basketball competitions in the continent american América. The headquarters is located in Miami, Florida and the current President is Fabian Borro of the United States. The current Executive Director is Carlos Alves.
Camlin Fine Sciences
Camlin Fine Sciences Ltd., formerly known as Camlin Fine Chemicals, is an Indian corporation that manufactures chemicals to improve the shelf life of food and other products, aromatic compounds, and performance chemicals. CFS has emerged as the largest producer of food antioxidants such as tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). It is also one of the world's leading Vanillin producers.

CFS has offices and manufacturing facilities in several countries, such as India, China, Italy, Brazil, Mexico and the United States. Having established global leadership in antioxidants, CFS expanded their business with forward integrated into antioxidant blends and has widened its application to the food and beverage industry, pet food, animal feed, fishmeal, aquaculture, biodiesel, etc.

Camlin Fine Sciences holds the patent for an improved process in the synthesis of BHA Butylated hydroxyanisole from TBHQ tert-Butylhydroquinone

Fragrance compound
A fragrance compound (or fragrance) is a chemical compound with a pleasant odor. Fragrances affect only the sense of smell, whereas flavors can affect both the sense of taste and smell. Fragrances are often mixtures of individual fragrance compounds. Although many fragrances are derived from natural sources, many are synthetic. Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics and are the basis for a large industry.
Robert Hutton (politician)
Robert Hutton (died 23 August 1870) was an Irish Whig politician.

Hutton was first elected Whig MP for Dublin City at the 1837 general election but was defeated at the next election in 1841. He married in 1821 Caroline Crompton, daughter of Peter Crompton. Their eldest son was Crompton Hutton (1822–1910), a barrister.

Dublin City (UK Parliament constituency)
Dublin City was an Irish borough constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It comprised the city of Dublin in the county of Dublin, and was represented by two Members of Parliament from its creation in 1801 until 1885.

In 1885, Dublin City was split into four divisions which were separate single member constituencies: Dublin College Green, Dublin Harbour, Dublin St Stephen's Green and Dublin St Patrick's.
Rhode Island Conservation Districts
The Rhode Island Conservation Districts consist of three districts; Northern, Southern and Eastern. They work with the United States Department of Agricultures Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to deliver technical assistance to the people of Rhode Island embarked on conservation projects. The conservation districts of the State of Rhode Island are a subdivision of state government established under state law to carry out programs for the conservation and wise management of soil, water and related resources. Professional staffs in each of the three offices report to volunteer boards of directors. The Southern Rhode Island Conservation District has offices located in Wakefield, Rhode Island.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Kadina Rahasya
Kadina Rahasya (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1969 Indian Kannada film, directed by Geethapriya and produced by R. Rangappa and M. P. Shankar. The film stars Yashraj, Sudarshan, K. S. Ashwath and Narasimharaju in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Satyam.

Geethapriya
Lakshman Rao Mohite (15 June 1932 – 17 January 2016), better known by his pen-name Geethapriya, was an Indian film director and lyricist of the Kannada film industry. He has directed 40 films and penned over 250 songs in Kannada films. In 1992–93, he was awarded the Puttanna Kanagal Award for his contribution to Kannada cinema as a director.
Maurice Robinson (cricketer)
Maurice Robinson (16 July 1921 – 8 August 1994) was an Irish cricketer active from 1942 to 1954 who played for Glamorgan and Warwickshire. He was born in Lisburn and died in Bromsgrove. He appeared in 83 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm fast medium. He scored 2,719 runs with a highest score of 190 among two centuries and took 34 wickets with a best performance of seven for 51. During the Second World War, he was stationed in India where he represented the Europeans cricket team and played for both Hyderabad and Madras.

In 1947, Maurice Robinson and his wife, Cecily, opened a sports shop on York Road in Kings Heath.

Hyderabad cricket team
The Hyderabad cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, run by the Hyderabad Cricket Association. It is part of the Ranji Trophy Plate Group and has seen scattered success over its many years in the Ranji Trophy circuit. It has won Ranji Trophy twice and been runners-up thrice and have made one appearance in the Irani Trophy.
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (A)
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam. Founded in 1808, members are appointed for life by co-optation.

Trippenhuis
The Trippenhuis is a neoclassical canal mansion in the centre of Amsterdam. It was built in 1660–1662 for the wealthy Amsterdam weapons traders Louis and Hendrick Trip. Many references to weaponry can be seen on its  facade. Since 1887 it has been the seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).
Francis Manu-Adabor
Hon. Francis Manu-Adabor (born 24 September 1960) is a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and the 8th Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana. He was representing the Ahafo Ano South East in the Ashanti Region on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party.

Ahafo Ano South East (Ghana parliament constituency)
Ahafo Ano South East is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Yakubu Mohammed is the member of parliament for the constituency. Ahafo Ano South East is located in the Ahafo Ano South district of the Ashanti Region of Ghana.
Incremental computing
Incremental computing, also known as incremental computation, is a software feature which, whenever a piece of data changes, attempts to save time by only recomputing those outputs which depend on the changed data. When incremental computing is successful, it can be significantly faster than computing new outputs naively. For example, a spreadsheet software package might use incremental computation in its recalculation features, to update only those cells containing formulas which depend (directly or indirectly) on the changed cells.

When incremental computing is implemented by a tool that can implement it for a variety of different pieces of code automatically, that tool is an example of a program analysis tool for optimization.

Software feature
A feature is "a prominent or distinctive user-visible aspect, quality, or characteristic of a software system or systems", as defined by Kang et al. At the implementation level, "it is a structure that extends and modifies the structure of a given software in order to satisfy a stakeholder’s requirement, to implement and encapsulate a design decision, and to offer a configuration option", as defined by Apel et al.
Licto volcanic field
1°46′48″S 78°36′47″W﻿ / ﻿1.78°S 78.613°W﻿ / -1.78; -78.613

Licto is a volcanic field in Ecuador, close to the town of Licto.

The scoria cones named Licto, Loma Bellavista (3,113 metres (10,213 ft), 01°47′17″S 78°35′46″W﻿ / ﻿1.78806°S 78.59611°W﻿ / -1.78806; -78.59611) and Tulabug (3,336 metres (10,945 ft), 01°46′49″S 78°36′48″W﻿ / ﻿1.78028°S 78.61333°W﻿ / -1.78028; -78.61333) form the field.

The cones are constructed by andesite and basaltic andesite and may be of Pleistocene-Holocene age.

Basaltic andesite
Basaltic andesite or andesibasalt is a volcanic rock that is intermediate in composition between basalt and andesite.  It is composed predominantly of augite and plagioclase. Basaltic andesite can be found in volcanoes around the world, including in Central America and the Andes of South America.
William McBride (Illinois politican)
William McBride was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

He served as a state representative representing Monroe County and Randolph County in the 13th Illinois General Assembly.

Monroe County, Illinois
Monroe County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 34,962. Its county seat and largest city is Waterloo. Monroe County is included in the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known historically as "Little Egypt".
Julie Scardina
Julie Scardina is an Animal Ambassador and Corporate Curator for SeaWorld, Busch Gardens, and Discovery Cove zoological parks. She was formerly curator of animal training for SeaWorld San Diego.

Scardina is a professional animal trainer and educator, who is perhaps best known for regular appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, where she was introduced by Leno as the most frequent guest before he ended his reign. Scardina's segments focused on conservation information about species and what the public can do to help animals. Scardina also appears monthly on Today with animal information segments and formerly filmed weekly segments for Jack Hanna's Animal Adventures.

SeaWorld San Diego
SeaWorld San Diego is a theme park in Mission Bay Park in San Diego, California. It is a marine mammal park, oceanarium, public aquarium, and marine animal rehabilitation center. It opened in 1964 as the first theme park in the SeaWorld chain. Both the park and the chain are owned and operated by United Parks & Resorts.

SeaWorld San Diego is a member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Adjacent to the property is the Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, which conducts marine biology research and provides educational and outreach programs on marine issues to the general public.
William B. Spencer
William Brainerd Spencer (February 5, 1835 – February 12, 1882) was an attorney and politician of the planter class, elected as U.S. Representative from Louisiana in 1876, in a contested election decided in his favor and against the Republican Party candidate. That year the Democratic Party regained control of the Louisiana state legislature.

He resigned when appointed in 1877 as Associate Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court, serving until 1880. After that he resumed the practice of law.

Louisiana Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Louisiana (French: Cour suprême de Louisiane; Spanish: Corte Suprema de Luisiana) is the highest court and court of last resort in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The modern Supreme Court, composed of seven justices, meets in the French Quarter of New Orleans.

The Supreme Court, and Louisiana state law, are historically based in the colonial governments of France and Spain during the 18th century. The current Supreme Court traces its roots back to these beginnings.
Meggan (character)
Meggan Puceanu is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually as a supporting character in stories featuring Captain Britain, and the X-Men. A mutant empath and shapeshifting elemental, she was created by writer Alan Moore and artist Alan Davis, and first appeared in Mighty World of Marvel #7 (Dec. 1983), which was published in the United Kingdom by Marvel's British publication arm, Marvel UK. Her first appearance in an American Marvel publication was in The New Mutants Annual #2 (1986). She eventually chose the codename Gloriana, a name of victory coined by the demons of Hell.

Empath
Empath (/ˈɛmpæθ/; from Ancient Greek  ἐμπάθεια (empátheia) 'passion') is a term for people who are said to have a higher than usual level of empathy.

In parapsychology, the mechanism for being an empath is said to be psychic channeling; psychics and mediums say that they channel the emotional states and experiences of other living beings, or the spirits of dead people, in the form of "emotional resonance." Studies of such claims have found them to be the result of mundane empathy and charisma, with no actual supernatural capabilities involved.
John Spence (politician)
John Deane Spence (7 December 1920 – 4 March 1986) was a British Conservative Party politician.

Spence was educated at Queen's University, Belfast and worked as a building and civil engineering contractor, merchant banker and farmer. In 1944, he married Hester Nicholson, and they had two children.

Spence contested Wakefield in 1964, and Sheffield Heeley in 1966. He was Member of Parliament for Sheffield Heeley from 1970 to 1974, Thirsk and Malton from 1974 to 1983, and Ryedale from 1983 until he died at York Hospital on 4 March 1986. He was a member of the Speaker's panel of chairmen.

Merchant bank
A merchant bank is historically a bank dealing in commercial loans and investment. In modern British usage, it is the same as an investment bank. Merchant banks were the first modern banks and evolved from medieval merchants who traded in commodities, particularly cloth merchants. Historically, merchant banks' purpose was to facilitate or finance the production and trade of commodities, hence the name merchant. Few banks today restrict their activities to such a narrow scope.

In modern usage in the United States, the term additionally has taken on a more narrow meaning, and refers to a financial institution providing capital to companies in form of share ownership instead of loans. A merchant bank also provides advice on corporate matters to the firms in which they invest.
2003 Supercoppa Italiana
The 2003 Supercoppa Italiana was a match contested by Juventus, the 2002–03 Serie A champions, and AC Milan, the 2002–03 Coppa Italia winner. It was the sixth appearance for Juventus (3 victories in 1995, 1997 and 2002) and the seventh for AC Milan (victories in 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994). The match was played in East Rutherford, New Jersey in the United States, the home pitch of the Major League Soccer club New York/New Jersey MetroStars (now New York Red Bulls), with a heavily Italian heritage in the region. Both teams were touring the USA at the time as part of the ChampionsWorld Series, which this game also formed part of.

Juventus beat AC Milan on penalties, three months after losing to the same opposition in a shootout in the 2003 UEFA Champions League Final.

Penalty shootout
The penalty shootout is a method of determining a winner in sports matches that would have otherwise been drawn or tied. The rules for penalty shootouts vary between sports and even different competitions; however, the usual form is similar to penalty shots in that a single player takes one shot on goal from a specified spot, the only defender being the goalkeeper. If the result is still tied, the shootout usually continues on a "goal-for-goal" basis, with the teams taking shots alternately, and the one that scores a goal unmatched by the other team is declared the winner. This may continue until every player has taken a shot, after which players may take extra shots, until the tie is broken, and is also known as "sudden death".
Lake Palčje
Lake Palčje (Slovene: Palško jezero) is an intermittent lake in the Pivka basin north of the settlement Palčje in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It fills an oval-shaped karst depression, crossed by Pivka, and approximately 1.5 km (0.93 mi) long and 0.5 km (0.31 mi) wide. Its bottom is relatively level at between 543 and 557 m (1,781 and 1,827 ft) above sea level, but the banks are steep. Lake Palčje is the largest among the Pivka Lakes with average maximum water area around 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi).

The bottom is at groundwater level, so the amount of water depends on current hydrological conditions. Usually, the lake fills after the heavy rains in late autumn and again in spring. On average, the area is flooded for around three months every year. The lake's main inflow is the estavelle Matija's Cave (Matijeva jama) out of which the water flowing from the Javornik Hills erupts.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Wonderful Remark
"Wonderful Remark" is a song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and first released on the soundtrack album for the 1983 film The King of Comedy. This recording later appeared on the benefit compilation Nobody's Child: Romanian Angel Appeal and on several compilations of Morrison's works.  At least two earlier recordings exist, one of which appeared on Morrison's 1998 album The Philosopher's Stone, a collection of previously unreleased tracks.

The melody is based on an earlier Morrison composition, "Joe Harper Saturday Morning" (recorded for the Bang label in 1967).

Bang Masters
Bang Masters is a compilation album by Van Morrison released in 1991 by Sony Music—owners of Bang Records' back catalog. The tracks were remixed from the original multi-tracks and were given a wider stereo spread with less compression. These remixes would later appear on a 1998 CD reissue of Blowin' Your Mind!, and subsequent compilations official and otherwise. The original stereo mixes would not see CD release until The Authorized Bang Collection in 2017.

The alternate version of "Brown Eyed Girl" included on this album was according to Bill Flannagan take six out of the twenty-two takes before the final released form.