hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change.

Mathematical problem
A mathematical problem is a problem that can be represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the Solar System, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems. It can also be a problem referring to the nature of mathematics itself, such as Russell's Paradox.
Herbert, Count of Schallenberg
Count Herbert Erwin Joseph Anton von Schallenberg (German: Herbert Graf von Schallenberg; 29 March 1901 – 26 March 1974), officially known as Herbert Schallenberg from 1919, was an Austro-Hungarian count, lawyer, diplomat and industrialist. He was the Austrian consul-general in Prague in the 1930s.

He was born in Vienna as a member of the comital branch of the noble Austro-Hungarian Schallenberg family. In September 1927 in the Church of Saint Nicholas in Prague, he married Elisabeth Helene Koch, daughter of the German Ambassador to Prague Walter Koch.

He was the father of the diplomat Wolfgang Schallenberg and the grandfather of acting Chancellor of Austria, Alexander Schallenberg.

Chancellor of Austria
The chancellor of Austria, officially the federal chancellor of the Republic of Austria (German: Bundeskanzler der Republik Österreich), is the head of government of the Republic of Austria.

Twenty-nine people have served as chancellor. The current holder of the office Christian Stocker was sworn in on 3 March 2025 as chancellor.
Bannu pulao
Bannu pulao (Pashto: بنو پلاوو) or Bannu beef pulao, also called Banuse pulao (Pashto: بنوڅۍ پلاوو), is a traditional mixed rice dish from the Bannu district of Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is made with beef, rice, spices, and stock. The beef is cooked with bones and marrow, which gives the dish a rich and flavorful taste. The rice is cooked separately with ghee, salt, and whole spices. The dish is served with a garnish of onions, green chilies, and lemon wedges.

Bannu pulao enjoys widespread popularity both within PakhtunKhwa, and among countries where Pakistani diaspora is present, particularly in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. It is commonly regarded as a dish for special occasions, often accompanied by yogurt, salad, or raita. This rice dish exclusively uses spices and rice hailing from the region of Bannu, lending it a distinct and unique flavor.

Bannu
Bannu (Urdu: بنوں, romanized: bannū̃, pronounced [bənːũː] ⓘ), also called Bani Gul or Bani (Pashto: باني, romanized: bānī, pronounced [ˈbɑni] ⓘ) is a city located on the Kurram River in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the capital of Bannu Division. Bannu's residents are primarily members of the Banuchi tribe and speak Banuchi (Baniswola), a dialect of Pashto which is similar to the distinct Waziristani dialect. The residents regardless of their tribes are commonly called Banusi, Banuchi or Banisi.

The major industries of Bannu are cloth weaving, sugar mills and the manufacturing of cotton fabrics, machinery and equipment. It is famous for its weekly Jumma fair. The district forms a basin drained by the Kurram and Gambila (or Tochi) rivers.
Rilee Rossouw
Rilee Roscoe Rossouw (born 9 October 1989) is a South African cricketer who played for the South African cricket team. Rossouw currently represents Joburg Super Kings, Quetta Gladiators and Jaffna Kings. He is a left-hand batsman and a right arm off-spin bowler. Rossouw made history as the first South African batsman to score a 100 in the ICC Men's T20 World Cup which he did against the Bangladesh national cricket team.

Joburg Super Kings
Joburg Super Kings (JSK) is a South African professional T20 cricket franchise based in Johannesburg, Gauteng.The team competes in the SA20 and was one of the six franchises incorporated when the league was established in 2023. The team plays its home matches at the Wanderers Stadium and is owned by Chennai Super Kings Cricket.

The team is captained by Faf du Plessis and is coached by Stephen Fleming.
Etlingera dekockii
Etlingera dekockii is a monocotyledonous plant species first described by Theodoric Valeton, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera dekockii is part of the genus Etlingera' and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae, the ginger family, is a family of flowering plants containing 58 genera and about 1600 described species distributed globally in the tropics and subtropics. They are aromatic perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes, sometimes tuberous. Basal leaf sheathing forms a pseudostem taller than their true stems which emerge unbranched. Flowers are typically zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) and inflorescence is raceme. Fruit is typically a dry capsule and seeds are arillate.

Ancient fossils and phylogenetics indicate the Zingiberaceae evolved in Africa during the mid-Cretaceous period. The dispersal of these plants across Asia, the Americas, and Australia followed the expansion of tropical rain forest habitat soon after this period.
The Prussian Officer and Other Stories
The Prussian Officer and Other Stories is a collection of early short stories by D. H. Lawrence. It was published by Duckworth in London on 26 November 1914, and in America by B. W. Huebsch in 1916.

The stories collected in this volume are:

"The Prussian Officer"

"The Thorn in the Flesh"

"Daughters of the Vicar"

"A Fragment of Stained Glass"

"The Shades of Spring"

"Second Best"

"The Shadow in the Rose Garden"

"Goose Fair"

"The White Stocking"

"A Sick Collier"

"The Christening"

"Odour of Chrysanthemums"

Gerald Duckworth
Gerald de l'Etang Duckworth (29 October 1870 – 28 September 1937) was an English publisher, who founded the London company that bears his name. Henry James and John Galsworthy were among the firm's early authors.
Ochre-breasted brushfinch
The ochre-breasted brushfinch (Atlapetes semirufus) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae. It is endemic to the northern Andes, occurring in Colombia and Venezuela. In Colombia, it inhabits elevations of 1,600–3,500 meters, while in Venezuela it is found between 600–2,700 meters. The species is present in several national parks and is not currently considered to face immediate conservation threats. Although relatively common, its breeding biology and life history remain poorly understood, and the population is believed to be in decline.

New World sparrow
New World sparrows are a group of mainly New World passerine birds, forming the family Passerellidae. They are seed-eating birds with conical bills, brown or gray in color, and many species have distinctive head patterns.

Although they share the name sparrow, New World sparrows are more closely related to Old World buntings than they are to the Old World sparrows (family Passeridae). New World sparrows are also similar in both appearance and habit to finches, with which they sometimes used to be classified.
Supraorbital
Supraorbital refers to the region immediately above the eye sockets, where in humans the eyebrows are located. It denotes several anatomical features, such as:

Supraorbital artery

Supraorbital foramen

Supraorbital gland

Supraorbital nerve

Supraorbital ridge

Supraorbital vein

Salt gland
The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in the cartilaginous fishes subclass elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, and skates), seabirds, and some reptiles. Salt glands can be found in the rectum of sharks. Birds and reptiles have salt glands located in or on the skull, usually in the eyes, nose, or mouth. These glands are lobed containing many secretory tubules which radiate outward from the excretory canal at the center. Secretory tubules are lined with a single layer of epithelial cells. The diameter and length of these glands vary depending on the salt uptake of the species.

Salt glands maintain salt balance and allow marine vertebrates to drink seawater. Active transport via sodium–potassium pump, found on the basolateral membrane, moves salt from the blood into the gland, where it is excreted as a concentrated solution.
1888 Belgian general election
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 12 June 1888. The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 98 of the 138 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 47 of the 69 seats in the Senate.

Under the alternating system, elections were held in only five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders.

Province of Brabant
The Province of Brabant (/brəˈbænt/, US also /brəˈbɑːnt, ˈbrɑːbənt/; Dutch: [ˈbraːbɑnt] ⓘ) was a province in Belgium from 1830 to 1995. It was created in 1815 as South Brabant, part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 1995, it was split into the Dutch-speaking Flemish Brabant, the French-speaking Walloon Brabant and the bilingual Brussels-Capital Region.
1952 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League
The 1952 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League is the 8th season of the Yugoslav Women's Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Yugoslavia for women's. Championships is played in 1952 and played four teams. Champion for this season is Crvena zvezda.

Yugoslav Women's Basketball League
Championship of Yugoslavia in Basketball for  women took place beginning in 1945. Belgrade Crvena zvezda (Red Stars of Belgrade) was an undefeated champion until 1992.

Although all countries founded after the breakup of Yugoslavia each now have their own national domestic leagues, each of the six nations now take part in the Adriatic League, which was founded in 2001, and which is today the closest league in existence similar to the former Yugoslav Basketball League.
Dalhousie Station
Dalhousie Station may represent:

Dalhousie Station, Quebec, a town in Quebec

Dalhousie station (Calgary), a CTrain light rail station in Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Dalhousie Station (Canadian Pacific Railway), a former railway station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Dalhousie Station (South Australia), a pastoral lease in South Australia

Dalhousie Station (Canadian Pacific Railway)
Dalhousie Station (French: Gare Dalhousie) is a former railway station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Built in 1884, the building stands at the corner of Notre-Dame Street and Berri Street in what is now known as Old Montreal. As the oldest surviving railway station building in Montreal, Dalhousie Station was named after George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie, who served as the Governor General of Canada from 1825 to 1828.

Although the terminal location was originally purchased by the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway, all construction was done by the Canadian Pacific Railway after it purchased the QMO&O in 1882. Consequently, Dalhousie Station thus became the original eastern terminus for CP Rail.

Since 2004, the station building has been the home of the Cirque Éloize.
Ribeira Grande City Hall
The Ribeira Grande City Hall (Portuguese: Paços do Concelho de Ribeira Grande) is a medieval structure constructed to house the municipal council/authority, situated in the civil parish of Matriz, municipality of Ribeira Grande, on the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

Matriz (Ribeira Grande)
Matriz  is a parish in the district of Ribeira Grande in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 3,968, in an area of 10.84 km². It is situated on the north coast of the island. Together with the parish Conceição, it forms the town Ribeira Grande. It contains the localities Bairro de Santa Luzia, Caldeiras and Matriz.
Seweryna Broniszówna
Seweryna Broniszówna, born Seweryna Chwat, (13 July 1887, Warsaw – 28 June 1982, Warsaw) was a Polish actress and educator. She had a prominent career as a stage actress in Poland's major theatres from her debut in 1910 until her retirement in 1971; working at the Juliusz Słowacki Theatre, Arnold Szyfman Polish Theatre, the Stefan Jaracz Theatre, and the National Theatre, Warsaw (resident artist from 1945 to 1971) among other venues. She thereafter periodically returned to the stage for guest appearances that extended until her 90th birthday in 1977 when she made her final stage appearance. While predominantly a stage performer, she occasionally worked in Polish television and film. She was the sister of writer Aleksander Wat. She taught on the faculty of the AST National Academy of Theatre Arts in Kraków.

National Theatre, Warsaw
The National Theatre (Teatr Narodowy) in Warsaw, Poland, was founded in 1765, during the Polish Enlightenment, by that country's monarch, Stanisław August Poniatowski. The theatre shares the Grand Theatre complex at Theatre Square in Warsaw with another national venue, Poland's National Opera.
Dial-up Internet access
Dial-up Internet access is a form of Internet access that uses the facilities of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to establish a connection to an Internet service provider (ISP) by dialing a telephone number on a conventional telephone line which could be connected using an RJ-11 connector. Dial-up connections use modems to decode audio signals into data to send to a router or computer, and to encode signals from the latter two devices to send to another modem at the ISP.

Dial-up Internet reached its peak popularity during the dot-com bubble. This was in large part because broadband Internet did not become widely used until well into the 2000s. Since then, most dial-up access has been replaced by broadband.

Data-rate units
In telecommunications, data rate units are commonly multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).
They are used as units of measurement for expressing data transfer rate, the average number of bits (bit rate), characters or symbols (symbol rate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system.
Jamie Petrowski
James Stanley Petrowski (born July 12, 1982) is an American former professional football tight end. He was signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Indiana State.

Petrowski was also a member of the Frankfurt Galaxy, Indianapolis Colts, Carolina Panthers and Las Vegas Locomotives.

Frankfurt Galaxy (NFL Europe)
The Frankfurt Galaxy were a professional American football team that originally played in the World League of American Football and later in the resurrected NFL Europe. The team was based in Frankfurt, Germany and played in the Commerzbank-Arena, formerly called Waldstadion. The Galaxy was the only team in the league to have remained in operation and in the same city throughout the league's existence.

As of 2021, an unrelated team of the same name plays in the European League of Football.
Great Plains Type 1 Front Drive
The Great Plains Type 1 Front Drive is an American aircraft engine series, produced by Great Plains Aviation Supply of Bennington, Nebraska for use in homebuilt aircraft. The series are all based upon the Volkswagen air-cooled automotive engine.

Compression ratio
The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine.

A fundamental specification for such engines, it can be measured in two different ways. The simpler way is the static compression ratio:
in a reciprocating engine, this is the ratio of the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to that volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke. The dynamic compression ratio is a more advanced calculation which also takes into account gases entering and exiting the cylinder during the compression phase.
Central Office for Information Technology in the Security Sector
The Central Office for Information Technology in the Security Sector (German: Zentrale Stelle für Informationstechnik im Sicherheitsbereich, ZITiS) is a federal agency of the German government. Headquartered in Munich, it is subordinate to the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community. Its mission is to develop and research technical solutions, tools and methods for other government agencies.

As such ZITiS is not an intelligence or law enforcement agency of its own, but rather provides services for the Federal Police (BPOL), Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) and Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV). The agency also cooperates with universities and research institutes to develop new surveillance technology and strategies. ZITiS operations are organised in four departments: Telecommunication Surveillance, Digital Forensics, Cryptanalysis, and Big Data Analysis.

Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of the Interior  (German: Bundesministerium des Innern, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm dɛs ˈʔɪnɐn ʔʊnt fyːɐ̯ ˈhaɪmaːt] ⓘ; abbreviated BMI) is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Alexander Dobrindt. 
It is comparable to the UK Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies. The BMI is tasked with the internal security of Germany. To fulfill this responsibility it maintains, among other agencies, the two biggest federal law enforcement agencies in Germany, the Federal Police (including the GSG 9) and the Federal Criminal Police Office. It is also responsible for the federal domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
André Kuper
André Kuper (born 14 December 1960 in Wiedenbrück) is a German politician from the Christian Democratic Union. Between 1997 and 2012 he was mayor of the city of Rietberg. Since then he has been a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia. Kuper was elected president of the State Parliament on 1 June 2017. In 2022 he was re-elected to this office for another five years.

Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
The Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia is the state parliament (Landtag) of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which convenes in the state capital of Düsseldorf, in the eastern part of the district of Hafen. The parliament is the central legislative body in the political system of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition to the passage of laws, its most important tasks are the election of the Minister-President of the state and the administration of the government. The current government is a coalition of the CDU and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Hendrik Wüst since June 2022.

The most recent state election took place on 15 May 2022.
Neuropeptide S receptor
The neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which binds neuropeptide S (NPS). It was formerly an orphan receptor, GPR154, until the discovery of neuropeptide S as the endogenous ligand. Increased expression of this gene in ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and in bronchial smooth muscle cells is associated with asthma. This gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 family and encodes a plasma membrane protein. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with this disease.

Integral membrane protein
An integral, or intrinsic, membrane protein (IMP)  is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane proteins can be classified as IMPs, but not all IMPs are transmembrane proteins. IMPs comprise a significant fraction of the proteins encoded in an organism's genome. Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by annular lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membrane protein. Such proteins can only be separated from the membranes by using detergents, nonpolar solvents, or sometimes denaturing agents.

Proteins that adhere only temporarily to cellular membranes are known as peripheral membrane proteins. These proteins can either associate with integral membrane proteins, or independently insert in the lipid bilayer in several ways.
Parker Homestead State Park
45°51′00″N 111°40′03″W﻿ / ﻿45.85000°N 111.66750°W﻿ / 45.85000; -111.66750

Parker Homestead State Park is a former Montana state park located in southeastern Jefferson County, near Three Forks, Montana in the United States. It is eight miles (13 km) west of Three Forks on Montana Highway 2. The park is just 1-acre (4,000 m2) in size and serves to preserve a sod-roofed log cabin that was built in the early 1900s. The cabin is very similar to many of the first homes built by the settlers of frontier Montana. In a cost-saving measure, the Montana state park commission let its lease on the park expire on January 1, 2010, and the homestead reverted to private ownership.

Jefferson County, Montana
Jefferson County is a county in Montana, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,085. Its county seat is Boulder. The county was created in 1865 and named for President Thomas Jefferson.

Jefferson County is part of the Helena, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Northern Ireland Environment Agency
The Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA) is an executive agency within the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA). It is responsible for conservation of Northern Ireland's environment and natural heritage.

Originally part of the Department of the Environment (DOENI), the agency was called the Environment and Heritage Service (EHS) until 1 July 2008, and also had responsibility for the historic environment. On 16 May 2016 the DOENI was dissolved and NIEA became part of DAERA. At the same time, the historic environment functions of NIEA were transferred to the Department for Communities.

NIEA is responsible for a range of protected areas in Northern Ireland, including eight areas of outstanding natural beauty, 47 national nature reserves, 43 special areas of conservation, and 10 special protection areas. The NIEA employs 630 people as of 2020.

Executive agency
An executive agency is a part of a government department that is treated as managerially and budgetarily separate, to carry out some part of the executive functions of the United Kingdom government, Scottish Government, Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Executive. Executive agencies are "machinery of government" devices distinct both from non-ministerial government departments and non-departmental public bodies (or "quangos"), each of which enjoy legal and constitutional separation from ministerial control.  The model has been applied in several other countries.
Gogana kerara
Gogana kerara is a moth in the family Drepanidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1902. It is found on Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.

The ground colour is uniform ochreous grey, the wings with a minute blackish dot at the end of each cell, the forewings with a rather broad brownish median band, a discal line of blackish lunules. The space to the outer margin is brownish, containing a pale sinuous submarginal line. The hindwings have a faintly indicated discal line of blackish lunules. The space beyond is brown with a subterminal pale sinuous line as on the forewings.

The larvae feed on Daemonorops grandis and Orania silvicola.

Drepanidae
The Drepanidae are a family of moths with about 660 species described worldwide. They are generally divided in three subfamilies, which share the same type of hearing organ. Thyatirinae, previously often placed in their own family, bear a superficial resemblance to Noctuidae. Many species in the drepanid family have a distinctively hook-shaped apex to the fore wing, leading to their common name of hook-tips.

The larvae of many species are very distinctive, tapering to a point at the tail and usually resting with both head and tail raised. They usually feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating between leaves spun together with silk.