hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
H-3 airstrike
The H-3 airstrike (Persian: عملیات اچ۳) was a surprise air attack by the Iranian Air Force during the Iran–Iraq War on 4 April 1981 against the Iraqi Air Force's H-3 Air Base in western Iraq.  The Iranians destroyed at least 48 Iraqi aircraft on the ground with no losses of their own. Based on the results achieved, it is considered one of the most successful raids in the history of aerial warfare.

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Its nicknames include: "Balalaika", because its planform resembles the stringed musical instrument of the same name; "Ołówek", Polish for "pencil", due to the shape of its fuselage, and "Én Bạc", meaning "silver swallow", in Vietnamese.

Approximately 60 countries across four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations seven decades after its maiden flight. It set aviation records, becoming the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history, the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War and, previously, the longest production run of any combat aircraft.
John K. Dow
John K. Dow (1861-1961) was an American architect. He designed the NRHP-listed Coolidge–Rising House, the NRHP-listed Grace Baptist Church, and the NRHP-listed Empire State Building. With Loren L. Rand, he designed the NRHP-listed Bump Block-Bellevue House-Hawthorne Hotel. With Clarence Z. Hubbell, he designed the NRHP-listed Hutton Building. They also designed Van Doren Hall and the Veterinary Science Building on the campus of Washington State University in Pullman, Washington.

Pullman, Washington
Pullman is the most populous city in Whitman County, located in southeastern Washington within the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. The population was 32,901 at the 2020 census, and estimated to be 33,543 in 2024. Originally founded as Three Forks, the city was renamed after industrialist George Pullman in 1881.

Pullman is noted as a fertile agricultural area known for its many miles of rolling hills and the production of wheat and legumes. It is home to Washington State University, a public research land-grant university, and the international headquarters of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. Pullman is eight miles (13 km) from Moscow, Idaho, home to the University of Idaho, and is served by the Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport.
Nobuyuki Ōura
Nobuyuki Ōura (大浦信行, Ōura Nobuyuki, born 1949, Toyama) is a Japanese artist and filmmaker who has been referred to in English as Ohura Nobuyuki. He has been described as an artist who "constantly pushes the limits of expression," as his artworks and films delve into taboos within Japanese society. Ōura is best known for his controversial series of lithographs entitled Holding Perspective (1982–85), which include photographs of Emperor Hirohito, and have at been at the center of multiple high-profile censorship incidences in Japan since the mid-1980s.

Man Ray
Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American-born, French-naturalized visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all.

He was a photography innovator as well as a fashion and portrait photographer, and is noted for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" in reference to himself.
Papworth Wood
Papworth Wood is an 8.7-hectare (21-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Papworth Everard in Cambridgeshire.

This is one of the oldest secondary woods in the county. It has diverse ground flora including brambles, rough meadow grass, stinging nettles, ground ivy, bluebells and primroses.

There is access to the wood from the grounds of Papworth Hospital.

Urtica dioica
Urtica dioica, often known as common nettle, burn nettle, stinging nettle, nettle leaf, or just a nettle or stinger, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. Originally native to Europe, much of temperate Asia and western North Africa, it is now found worldwide.

The species is divided into six subspecies, five of which have many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on the leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation upon contact ("contact urticaria", a form of contact dermatitis).

The plant has a long history of use as a source for traditional medicine, food, tea, and textile raw material in ancient (such as Saxon) and modern societies.
Aymara lordships
The Aymara lordships, Aymara kingdoms,  or lake kingdoms were a group of native polities that flourished towards the Late Intermediate Period, after the fall of the Tiwanaku Empire, whose societies were geographically located in the Qullaw. They were developed between 1150 and 1477, before the kingdoms disappeared due to the military conquest of the Inca Empire. But the current Aymara population is estimated at two million located in the countries of Bolivia, Peru, Chile and Argentina. They used the Aymara and Puquina languages.

Puquina language
Puquina (or Pukina) is an extinct language once spoken in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca (Peru and Bolivia) and in the north of Chile. It is often associated with the culture that built Tiwanaku.

A Puquina substrate can be found in the Quechuan and Spanish languages spoken in the south of Peru, mainly in Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna, as well as in Bolivia. There also seem to be remnants in the Kallawaya language, which may be a mixed language formed from Quechuan languages and Puquina.

Sometimes the term Puquina is used for the Uru language, which is distinctly different.
The Couple from Poitiers
Les noces de Poitiers (1946), translated as The Couple from Poitiers, is a novel by Belgian writer Georges Simenon; it is one of the author's self-described roman durs or "hard novels" to distinguish it from his romans populaires or "popular novels," which are primarily mysteries that usually feature his famous Inspector Maigret character.

The book is divided into eight chapters, and is written using the third person narrative mode.

Les noces de Poitiers was translated into English by Eileen Ellenbogen for Hamish Hamilton in 1985.

Hamish Hamilton
Hamish Hamilton Limited is a publishing imprint and originally a British publishing house, founded in 1931 eponymously by the half-Scot half-American Jamie Hamilton (Hamish is the vocative form of the Gaelic Seumas [meaning James], James the English form – which was also his given name, and Jamie the diminutive form). Jamie Hamilton was often referred to as Hamish Hamilton.

The Hamish Hamilton imprint is now part of the Penguin Random House group.
Château Larcis Ducasse
Château Larcis Ducasse is a French wine estate of Bordeaux wine which has the appellation Saint-Émilion, ranked Premier Grand cru classé B in the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine. The winery is located in the Right Bank of France’s Bordeaux wine region  in the department Gironde.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Vauxhall City Farm
Vauxhall City Farm is a city farm located in Vauxhall in the London Borough of Lambeth. The farm is run as a charity focusing on education, youth work, animal care and horticulture and is a centre for Riding for the Disabled Association.

Riding for the Disabled Association
The Riding for the Disabled Association (RDA) is a United Kingdom based charity founded in 1969 focused on providing therapeutic horse-riding, equestrian vaulting and carriage driving lessons to people with developmental and physical disabilities as well seeking to improve the lives of those with mental health difficulties. Princess Anne has been the organisation's President since 1985.

The RDA is a federation of about 500 independent groups and serves over 26,500 adults and children each year and is one of 16 members that make up British Equestrian.

Since 2013, the RDA in partnership with British Equestrian, accredits commercial riding schools with the Accessibility Mark.
Bay of Cádiz
The Bay of Cádiz is a body of water in the province of Cádiz, Spain, adjacent to the southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

The Bay of Cádiz adjoins the Gulf of Cádiz, a larger body of water which is in the same area but further offshore.

Province of Cádiz
Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the southernmost part of mainland Spain, as well as the southernmost part of continental Europe.

It is bordered by the Spanish provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Málaga, as well as the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Its area is 7,385 square kilometres (2,851 sq mi).

Its capital is the city of Cádiz, which has a population of 114,244. As of 2021, the largest city is Jerez de la Frontera with 212,801 inhabitants. Algeciras, which surpassed Cádiz with 122,982 inhabitants, is the second most populous city. The entire province had a population of 1,245,960 (as of 2021), of whom about 600,000 live in the Bay of Cádiz area (including Jerez), making it the third most populous province in Andalusia. Its population density is 167.93 per square kilometre.
Sunshine Publications
Sunshine Publications was based in Little Newport Street, London, England . It published Popular Computing Weekly, Dragon User and Micro Adventurer, which lasted for 17 issues.

During the boom years of personal computing in the UK, it published many books aimed at the hobby end of the computing market, and also made a short-lived foray into games software publishing.

Popular Computing Weekly
Popular Computing Weekly was a computer magazine in the UK published from 1982 to 1990. It was sometimes referred to as PCW (although that abbreviation is more commonly associated with Personal Computer World magazine).
Into the Blue (Moby song)
"Into the Blue" is a song by American electronica musician Moby, released on June 19, 1995 by Mute Records, as the fourth single from his third studio album, Everything Is Wrong (1995). American musician Mimi Goese co-wrote the lyrics with Moby and provided the vocals. The song is slow and melancholy, a stark contrast to the first four singles from the album.

The single peaked at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart. In one of the remixes, the "Spiritual Remix", Joy Division's song "Atmosphere" is prominently sampled and sequenced. Jon Spencer, frontman of American alternative rock band Jon Spencer Blues Explosion and a friend of Moby, contributed the blues-influenced "Into the Blues Mix" to the single, and in turn Moby remixed one of the band's own tracks.

Atmosphere (Joy Division song)
"Atmosphere" is a song by the English post-punk band Joy Division. It was originally released in March 1980 by the Sordide Sentimental label as the "Licht und Blindheit" (German for "Light and Blindness") package, a France-only limited edition single featuring the track "Dead Souls" as the B-side. Following Ian Curtis's death in May 1980, it was re-released as a 12" single by Factory Records in September with "She's Lost Control" as the B-side.

The single was re-released in 1988 to coincide with the release of the compilation album Substance, and a music video was produced for the song.
Eugene Skeef
Eugene Skeef (FRSA) (born 1950) is a South African-born percussionist, composer, and educator. He has lived in London, England, since 1980 and worked throughout the world. Skeef is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.

Education sciences
Education sciences, also known as education studies or education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education, educational research, instructional theory, curriculum theory and psychology, philosophy, sociology, economics, and history of education. Related are learning theory or cognitive science.
Coral rag
Coral rag is a rubbly limestone composed of ancient coral reef material. The term also refers to the building blocks quarried from these strata, which are an important local building material in areas such as the coast of East Africa and the southeastern United States littoral (e.g. Florida, Bermuda).

It is also the name of a member—the Coral Rag Member—of the Upper Oxfordian Coralline Oolite Formation of North Yorkshire. "Calne Freestone And Coral Rag" is a former name for the Stanford Formation, which stretches from Westbury in Wiltshire to Waddesdon in Buckinghamshire.

Waddesdon
Waddesdon /ˈwɒdzdən/ is a village in Buckinghamshire, England, 6 miles (10 km) west-north-west of Aylesbury on the A41 road. The village also includes the hamlets of Eythrope and Wormstone. Waddesdon was an agricultural settlement with milling, silk weaving and lace making enterprises.
Ainis
Ainis (Ancient Greek: Αἰνίς, IPA: [ajˈniːs], Modern Greek Αινίδα, IPA: [eˈniða]) or Aeniania (Αἰνιανία), was a region of ancient Greece located near Lamia in modern Central Greece, roughly corresponding to the upper valley of the Spercheios river.

Lamia (city)
Lamia (Greek: Λαμία, Lamía, pronounced [laˈmi.a]) is a city in central Greece. The city dates back to antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region (comprising five regional units). According to the 2021 census, the Municipality of Lamia has a population of 66,657, while Lamia itself has 47,529 inhabitants. The city is located on the slopes of Mount Othrys, near the river Spercheios. It serves as the agricultural center of a fertile rural and livestock area.
Efe Aydan
Ahmet Efe Aydan (born May 4, 1955 in Ankara, Turkey) is a Turkish former professional basketball player. He is regarded by many as the best Turkish basketball player ever, with a total of 224 caps with the senior Turkish national team. He was Turkey's national team captain in 89 games, and he scored 2,195 points with the senior Turkish national team.

With Turkey's national team, he won the gold medal at the 1981 Balkan Championship, and the gold medal at the 1987 Mediterranean Games. On the club level, he won the Turkish League championship 6 times. Aydan was also the first Turkish basketball player to play on the FIBA European Selection (the All-European Team), in 1981, where he displayed a memorable performance in a game against the Spanish ACB League club Joventut Badalona.

Joventut Badalona
Club Joventut Badalona, S.A.D. (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈklub ʒuβənˈtud bəðəˈlonə]) is a Spanish professional basketball club based in Badalona, Catalonia, Spain, playing in the Liga ACB and the EuroCup. Known to their fans as La Penya (in English, The Club), it is one of only two teams that have never been relegated from the top division of the Spanish League. The only other is Real Madrid. In 1994, Joventut Badalona became champion of the FIBA European League (today known as the EuroLeague), the first Catalan basketball club to accomplish such a grandiose achievement and the first Spanish team to do so in the modern era Final Four format.

Well-known players have included the Margall brothers (with Josep Maria Margall), Zoran Slavnić, Jordi Villacampa, Rafael Jofresa, Corny Thompson, Mike Smith, Reggie Johnson, Harold Pressley, Tanoka Beard, Andre Turner, Raül López, Rudy Fernández, Ricky Rubio, Pau Ribas, Demond Mallet, Nicolás Laprovittola, Joel Parra, Andrés Feliz and Ante Tomic.
Hoffman Bridge
The Hoffman Bridge is a covered bridge near Crabtree in Linn County in the U.S. state of Oregon.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Crabtree Creek – Hoffman Covered Bridge in 1987.

The bridge crosses Crabtree Creek about 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of Crabtree. Hungry Hill Drive crosses the 90-foot (27 m) bridge.

Constructed in 1936, the bridge was named after its builder, Lee Hoffman. The creek and the nearby community were named after John Crabtree, who settled there in 1845.

Crabtree, Oregon
Crabtree is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Linn County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2020 census, Crabtree had a population of 406. It has a post office with a ZIP code of 97335. Crabtree lies off Oregon Route 226 about 10 miles (16 km) east of Albany.

The town received its name when the Southern Pacific Railroad reached there. Crabtree Creek and Crabtree Lake in Linn County were named for pioneer John J. Crabtree, a native of Virginia, who arrived in the Oregon Country in 1845. He wintered in the Tualatin Plains, then bought the William Packwood Donation Land Claim east of the forks of the Santiam River in the spring in 1846. The station and community were named for John Crabtree's cousin Fletcher Crabtree.

There is a fire station and a Christian church. The Crabtree Tavern closed in 2013.
Sonoran Desert National Monument
Sonoran Desert National Monument is south of Goodyear and Buckeye and east of Gila Bend, Arizona. Created by  Presidential proclamation  on January 17, 2001, the 496,400 acres (200,886 ha) monument is managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. The BLM already managed the lands, however under monument status, the level of protection and preservation of resources is enhanced. Sonoran Desert National Monument protects but a small portion of the Sonoran Desert, which is 120,000 square miles (311,000 km2), and extends well into California and the country of Mexico. The North Maricopa Mountains, South Maricopa Mountains and the Table Top Wildernesses protect the richest regions of desert habitat from development.

Gila Bend, Arizona
Gila Bend (/ˌhiːlə ˈbɛnd/; O'odham: Hila Wi:n), founded in 1872, is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The town is named for an approximately 90-degree bend in the Gila River, which is near the community's current location. As of the 2020 census, the population of the town was 1,892.

Just outside the town is the San Lucy district (O'odham: Weco Cekṣanĭ) of the Tohono O'odham Nation, with a small settlement, San Lucy (O'odham: Si:l Mek) bordering the town itself.
Area and population of European countries
This is a list of countries and territories in Europe by population density. Data are from the United Nations unless otherwise specified.

Abkhazia, Georgia and South Ossetia are each bordered on the north by the Greater Caucasus, and may have some territory north of these mountains and thus in Europe by the most common definition. These three, as well as Armenia and Azerbaijan would have more territory or all of their territory in Europe using a more expansive definition.

Some countries in the Caucasus, as well as Greenland and the geopolitical subdivisions of the island of Cyprus (Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Cyprus and Northern Cyprus) are not considered geographically European, but are listed here because of their historical and cultural connections to the continent.

There is some discussion about whether Kosovo should be recognised as a separate country. De facto it can be considered as one, but de jure recognition is not clear-cut.

Greater Caucasus
The Greater Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains. It stretches for about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea: from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian.
Hans Hagen
Hans Hagen (born 1953) is a professor of computer science at the University of Kaiserslautern. His main research interests are scientific visualization and geometric modeling.

From 1999 to 2003 he was the editor in chief of IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

He got the John Gregory Memorial Award and the Solid Modelling Pioneer Award for his achievements in Geometric Modeling in 2002. His lifetime contributions to Scientific Visualization were honored by the IEEE Visualization Career Award  and the IEEE Visualization Academy of Science membership.

(Prof. Dr.) Hans Hagen is not to be confused with Hans Hagen, the author of the ConTeXt macro package for the TeX typesetting system.

Scientific visualization
Scientific visualization (also spelled scientific visualisation) is an interdisciplinary branch of science concerned with the visualization of scientific phenomena. It is also considered a subset of computer graphics, a branch of computer science. The purpose of scientific visualization is to graphically illustrate scientific data to enable scientists to understand, illustrate, and glean insight from their data. Research into how people read and misread various types of visualizations is helping to determine what types and features of visualizations are most understandable and effective in conveying information.
San Lucan skink
The San Lucan skink (Plestiodon lagunensis) is a skink (a type of lizard) native to the Baja California Peninsula.

Together with the western skink (P. skiltonianus), Gilbert's skink (P. gilberti), and the four-lined Asiatic skink (P. quadrilineatus), the San Lucan skink belongs to the so-called "skiltonianus group". The exact taxonomy within this group is being questioned and may need revision following DNA analysis research.

The San Lucan skink occurs only on the southernmost tip of Baja California, in the mountains around La Paz. They tend to nest in the same areas as western skinks, and are visibly similar.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.
Ațintiș (river)
The Ațintiș (also: Ozd, Hungarian: Ózd-pataka) is a small river in the Gurghiu Mountains, Mureș County, northern Romania. It is a left tributary of the river Mureș. It flows through the municipality Bichiș, and joins the Mureș in the village Ațintiș. Its length is 15 km (9.3 mi) and its basin size is 64 km2 (25 sq mi).

Mureș County
Mureș County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈmureʃ], Romanian: Județul Mureș, Hungarian: Maros megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș. The county was established in 1968, after the administrative reorganization that re-introduced the historical județ (county) system, still used today. This reform eliminated the previous Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region, which had been created in 1952 within the People's Republic of Romania. Mureș County has a vibrant multicultural fabric that includes Hungarian-speaking Székelys and Transylvanian Saxons, with a rich heritage of fortified churches and towns.