hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Winemakers
The Winemakers is a reality television series that followed twelve winemakers competing to create and market a wine.  It was broadcast on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and was the channel's only competitive reality series.  Season 1 took place in Paso Robles, California.  Season 2 was shot in the Rhone Valley of France and aired on PBS in the fall of 2011.

Rhône
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion). At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (French: le Grand Rhône; Occitan: Grand Ròse) and the Little Rhône (le Petit Rhône; Pichon Ròse). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region.

The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the eastern edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino.

The Rhône is, with the Po and the Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge.
Haloferacaceae
Haloferacaceae is a family of halophilic, chemoorganotrophic or heterotrophic archaea within the order Haloferacales. The type genus of this family is Haloferax. Its biochemical characteristics are the same as the order Haloferacales.

The name Haloferacaceae is derived from the Latin term Haloferax, referring to the type genus of the family and the suffix "-ceae", an ending used to denote a family. Together, Haloferacaceae refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus Haloferax.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
America (Kurtis Blow album)
America is the fifth album by rapper Kurtis Blow, released in 1985 on Mercury Records. The album includes the song "If I Ruled the World" from the film Krush Groove, Blow's biggest hit since "The Breaks" and one of the last of his musical career. The album was the first album Kurtis Blow produced in a new deal with PolyGram Records that gave Kurtis the title Hip Hop's First Millionaire. The album was released in an era when old school hip hop was being overtaken by a harder sound and attitude. The album includes the first sample loop that revolutionized the music industry. The single, "If I Ruled the World", reached number 24 in the UK Singles Chart in January 1986.

Krush Groove
Krush Groove is a 1985 American musical comedy-drama film distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures that was written by Ralph Farquhar and directed by Michael Schultz (who also produced the movie, along with George Jackson and Doug McHenry). This film is loosely based on the early days of Def Jam Recordings and up-and-coming record producer Russell Simmons (renamed Russell Walker in the film), portrayed by Blair Underwood in his feature film debut. Simmons was the film's co-producer and story consultant; he also had a cameo in the film as a club owner named Crocket.
Limiting magnitude
In astronomy, limiting magnitude is the faintest apparent magnitude of a celestial body that is detectable or detected by a given instrument.

In some cases, limiting magnitude refers to the upper threshold of detection. In more formal uses, limiting magnitude is specified along with the strength of the signal (e.g., "10th magnitude at 20 sigma"). Sometimes limiting magnitude is qualified by the purpose of the instrument (e.g., "10th magnitude for photometry") This statement recognizes that a photometric detector can detect light far fainter than it can reliably measure.

The limiting magnitude of an instrument is often cited for ideal conditions, but environmental conditions impose further practical limits. These include weather, moonlight, skyglow, and light pollution. DarkSky International has been vocal in championing the cause of reducing skyglow and light pollution.

DarkSky International
DarkSky International, formerly the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA), is a United States–based nonprofit organization incorporated in 1988 by founders David Crawford, a professional astronomer, and Tim Hunter, a physician and amateur astronomer. The mission of DarkSky is "to preserve and protect the night time environment and our heritage of dark skies through quality outdoor lighting".

Light pollution is the result of outdoor lighting that is not properly shielded, allowing light shine into the eyes and night sky. Direct light that shines into the eyes is called glare, and light directed into the night sky above the horizon causes skyglow. Lighting can also cause light trespass when it enters areas where unwanted (e.g. a neighbor's yard and windows). DarkSky is the first and currently the largest organization in the dark-sky movement.
Frieman
Frieman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Catherine Frieman (born 1982), American archaeologist and professor

Edward A. Frieman (1926–2013), American physicist

Jonathan Frieman, American political activist

Joshua A. Frieman, theoretical astrophysicist

Edward A. Frieman
Edward Allan Frieman (January 19, 1926 – April 11, 2013) was an American physicist who worked on plasma physics and nuclear fusion. He was the director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from 1986 through 1996, and then the senior vice president of science and technology at the Science Applications International Corporation from 1996 on until his death in 2013.
Norah O'Donnell
Norah Morahan O'Donnell (born January 23, 1974) is an American television journalist who is a senior correspondent for CBS News and a contributing correspondent for 60 Minutes. She is also the host of occasional Person to Person interview specials. Previously, she was the anchor of the CBS Evening News between 2019 and 2025, co-anchor of CBS This Morning between 2012 and 2019, Chief White House Correspondent for CBS News, and a substitute host for CBS Sunday Morning               and Face the Nation.

MS NOW Reports
MS NOW Reports (formerly MSNBC Reports) is the blanket title for the daytime rolling news programming block of the American cable news channel MS NOW.

Programs under the banner are broadcast from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET on weekdays and 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET on weekends. The programs are officially branded under the title of the current anchor, e.g. Katy Tur Reports—a naming scheme introduced in 2021 that was patterned off its existing dayside program Andrea Mitchell Reports; prior to then, these programs were presented under the blanket title MSNBC Live.
Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (New York City)
Joan of Arc is a 1915 bronze equestrian statue on a granite base, sculpted by Anna Hyatt Huntington. The statue is located in Manhattan, New York City, on Riverside Drive and 93rd Street. It depicts the Roman Catholic saint and French folk heroine Joan of Arc.

Equestrian statue
An equestrian statue is a statue of a rider mounted on a horse, from the Latin eques, meaning 'knight', deriving from equus, meaning 'horse'. A statue of a riderless horse is strictly an equine statue. A full-sized equestrian statue is a difficult and expensive object for any culture to produce, and figures have typically been portraits of rulers or, in the Renaissance and more recently, military commanders.

Although there are outliers, the form is essentially a tradition in Western art, used for imperial propaganda by the Roman emperors, with a significant revival in Italian Renaissance sculpture, which continued across Europe in the Baroque, as mastering the large-scale casting of bronze became more widespread, and later periods.

Statues at well under life-size have been popular in various materials, including porcelain, since the Renaissance. The riders in these may not be portraits, but figures from classical mythology or generic figures such as Native Americans.
Martha Sleeper
Martha Sleeper (June 24, 1910 – March 25, 1983) was a film actress of the 1920s and 1930s and, later, a Broadway stage actress. She studied dancing for five years with Russian ballet master, Louis H. Chalif, at his New York dancing studio. Her first public exhibitions were at Carnegie Hall at his class exhibitions.

Leo McCarey
Thomas Leo McCarey (October 3, 1898 – July 5, 1969) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He was involved in nearly 200 films, including the critically acclaimed Duck Soup, Make Way for Tomorrow, The Awful Truth, Going My Way, The Bells of St. Mary's, My Son John, and An Affair to Remember.

While focusing mainly on screwball comedies during the 1930s, McCarey turned towards producing more socially conscious and overtly religious films during the 1940s, ultimately finding success and acclaim in both genres. McCarey was one of the most popular and established comedy directors of the pre-World War II era.
Cimitero degli Inglesi
Cimitero degli Inglesi is the Italian name of:

the English Cemetery, Florence and

the English Cemetery, Naples and

the Old English Cemetery, Livorno

The Protestant Cemetery, Rome is occasionally also known by this name

English Cemetery, Florence
The English Cemetery in Florence, Italy (Italian, Cimitero degli inglesi, Cimitero Porta a' Pinti and Cimitero Protestante) is an Evangelical cemetery located at Piazzale Donatello. Although its origins date to its foundation in 1827 by the Swiss Evangelical Reformed Church, the name "English Cemetery" results from the majority of its burials being Protestants from the British and American communities of Florence, and who gave the largest sum of money for the purchase of its land. The cemetery also holds the bodies of non-English speaking expatriates who died in Florence, among them Swiss and Scandinavians, as well as Eastern Orthodox Christians, among them Russians and Greeks.
The cemetery is still owned by the Swiss Evangelical Reformed Church, and is open for the interment of cremated ashes, now of all Christian denominations, but no longer for burials.
Cap Blanc (Ibiza)
Cap Blanca is a beach on the western seaboard of the Spanish island of Ibiza. The Beach has a good view of the rock island of Es Vedrà which lies a little of the coast here. The beach is in the municipality of Sant Josep de sa Talaia and is 13.3 miles (21.4 km) west of the town of Ibiza town. The village of Sant Josep de sa Talaia is 7.0 miles (11.3 km) east of the beach.

Es Vedrà
Es Vedrà (Balearic Catalan: [əz vəˈðɾa])  is a small rocky island off the south western seaboard of the Spanish island of Ibiza. The island, which is 413 metres tall, is part of the Cala d'Hort nature reserve and lies 1.5423 miles (2.4821 km) off the coast at Cala d'Hort, which is in the municipality of Sant Josep de sa Talaia. The island is uninhabited.
Lineodes triangulalis
Lineodes triangulalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1890. It is found in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Dominica, the Bahamas, Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, Colombia, Trinidad and Venezuela. In the United States it has been recorded from Florida and Texas.

The length of the forewings is 7.7-9.7 mm.

The larvae have been reared on the leaves of Capsicum frutescens.

Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens is a wild chili pepper having genetic proximity to the cultivated pepper Capsicum chinense.  It is native to Central and South America as well as Mexico. Pepper cultivars of C. frutescens can be annual or short-lived perennial plants.
Nizhal Thangal, Nelli-ninra Vilai
The Nizhal thangal of Nelli-ninra Vilai is one among the few important Worship centers of Ayyavazhi in the western Kanyakumari. It is also the first Thangal built in the Thamarai Thangal series.

It was situated mid-way in the Attoor Arumanai road, 4 km North-east of Marthandam, and 26 km North-west of Nagercoil. Though this Thangal was originally built in 1882, the new structure with Lotus architecture was recently constructed. The foundation stone was laid on 2004 and was inaugurated by Bala Prajapathi Adikalar in April 2006.

Bala Prajapathi Adikalar
Bala Prajapathi Adikalar (also spelt Adigalar or Adigal) is a significant religious figure in Ayyavazhi. Ayyavazhi is not an organised religious system, such as Hinduism, and so it does not fall directly under his control officially. But still religiously he was considered so. He has a considerable role in the History of Ayyavazhi, especially during the 1970s and 1980s. He was also awarded the Kottai Ameer award for communal harmony by the government of Tamil Nadu in 2003.
Richmond Rebels (Continental Football League)
The Richmond Rebels were a professional American football team based in Richmond, Virginia. They began play in 1964 as a member of the Atlantic Coast Football League. The Rebels became a charter member of the Continental Football League in 1965. The team consistently lost money for its owners, so after the 1966 COFL season the franchise was first put up for sale and then returned to the league. When new ownership could not be found the team's players were offered in a dispersal draft, putting an end to the franchise.

They were the third Richmond team to carry the "Rebels" name. The previous two played in the Virginia-Carolina Football League in 1937, and in the Dixie League/American Association from 1946 to 1950.

Virginia-Carolina Football League
The Virginia-Carolina Football League was a short lived professional American football minor league formed in 1937 by clubs from Virginia and one team from North Carolina. The VCFL was a regional minor league, that was formed behind the backbone of the Richmond Rebels, an association of players that walked off the Dixie League Richmond Arrows after their salary demand were not answered. The league featured five teams, with one additional team from Roanoke, Virginia, the Roanoke Rassler-Dazzlers, as an independent member.

VCFL attendance was generally in the range of 1,000 to 2,000 fans per game (about half of what the Dixie League) and media attention was insignificant, resulting in league disbandment after only one season.
Eigengap
In linear algebra, the eigengap of a linear operator is the difference between two successive eigenvalues, where eigenvalues are sorted in ascending order.

The Davis–Kahan theorem, named after Chandler Davis and William Kahan, uses the eigengap to show how eigenspaces of an operator change under perturbation. In spectral clustering, the eigengap is often referred to as the spectral gap; although the spectral gap may often be defined in a broader sense than that of the eigengap.

William Kahan
William "Velvel" Morton Kahan (born June 5, 1933) is a Canadian mathematician and computer scientist, who is a professor emeritus at University of California, Berkeley. He received the Turing Award in 1989 for "his fundamental contributions to numerical analysis."
0-8-0+0-6-0T
An 0-8-0+0-6-0, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is the configuration for any such articulated locomotives with two separate pivoting engine units. The front engine unit has no leading truck, and 8 driving wheels. The rear engine unit has 6 driving wheels and no trailing truck. Any such locomotives built as tank locomotives are referred to as an 0-8-0+0-6-0T.

In the UIC system, this would be described as a D'C't arrangement. The suffix "t" denotes this locomotive being a tank locomotive. A locomotive that carries it's fuel and water on board via tanks for the water and a bunker at the rear of the cab for fuel.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Poitín (film)
Poitín is a 1978 Irish crime drama film produced and directed by Bob Quinn, and starring Cyril Cusack, Donal McCann, and Niall Tóibín. It was the first feature film to be made entirely in Irish, and the first recipient of a film script grant from the Arts Council of Ireland.

Donal McCann
Donal McCann (7 May 1943 – 17 July 1999) was an Irish stage, film, and television actor best known for his roles in the works of Brian Friel and for his lead role in John Huston's last film, The Dead (1987). In 2020, McCann was listed as number 45 on The Irish Times list of Ireland's greatest film actors.
India–Suriname relations
India–Suriname relations are the international relations that exist between India and Suriname. Indo-Surinamese form the largest ethnic group in Suriname, making 27.4% of the population. The current President of Suriname Chan Santokhi is of Indo-Surinamese descent.

President of Suriname
The President of the Republic of Suriname (Dutch: President van de Republiek Suriname) is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state and head of government of Suriname, and commander-in-chief of the Suriname National Army (SNL). The president also appoints a cabinet.

The current president is Jennifer Geerlings-Simons, a former chairwoman of the National Assembly. She is affiliated with the National Democratic Party (NDP). Simons was elected on 6 July 2025 as president by acclamation, and inaugurated on 16 July on the Onafhankelijkheidsplein in Paramaribo in a ceremony.
Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4
Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4 is a soundtrack album featuring music from FX television program Sons of Anarchy. The album consists of songs recorded for the show as well as those previously released through a number of EPs; Sons of Anarchy: North Country (2009), Sons of Anarchy: Shelter (2009) and Sons of Anarchy: The King is Gone (2010). Songs include covers of 
"What a Wonderful World", "Forever Young", "John the Revelator and the Emmy nominated theme song "This Life" (performed by Curtis Stigers and the Forest Rangers). Musicians performing on the album include Anvil, Franky Perez (of Scars on Broadway), Lions, Alison Mosshart (of The Kills and The Dead Weather) and actress Katey Sagal, who plays Gemma Teller Morrow in the show, among others.  The album was released on November 29, 2011, through Columbia Records.

Lions (band)
Lions (stylized as LIONS) were an American rock band from Austin, Texas, formed in 2005. The lineup consists of singer Matt Drenik, guitarist Austin Kalman and drummer Jake Perlman. Trevor Sutcliffe was Lions' bassist from their formation until his departure in 2009, where he was replaced by Mike Sellman. The band formed following the breakup of The Good Looks, the previous band of both Drenik and Perlman.

As of 2025 MySpace lists one LIONS studio album, No Generation (2007), and two EPs, Volume One (2006), and Let No One Fall (2009). Since 2007, their music has been licensed for television shows (Sons of Anarchy and Californication) as well as video games (Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock and WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010). The inclusion of "Metal Heavy Lady" in Guitar Hero III led to over 3,000 downloads of the song according to Nielsen SoundScan.
Pourudu
Pourudu (transl. Citizen) is a 2008 Telugu language action crime film written and directed by Raj Aditya. The film stars Sumanth and Kajal Aggarwal, while Suman, Nassar, Brahmanandam, Ali, Subbaraju, and Kota Srinivasa Rao play supporting roles. The film was produced by Sumanth's sister, Supriya, under the S.S. Creations / Annapurna Studios banner. The music score was by Mani Sharma with cinematography by Sudhakar Yekkanti. The film released on 13 January 2008. It was a moderate success at the box office, having a run of 100 days in a couple of centers. The film was later dubbed into Hindi as Giraftaar: The Man on a Mission in 2008.

Nassar (actor)
Nassar (born Muhammad Hanif; 5 March 1958) is an Indian actor, director, producer, voice artist, singer and politician who mainly works in the Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam film industries. He has also worked in a few Kannada,  English, Hindi  and Bengali films. He is the incumbent president of the Nadigar Sangam, a trade union for film, television, and stage actors in Tamil Nadu.
David Schramm (astrophysicist)
David Norman Schramm (October 25, 1945 – December 19, 1997) was an American astrophysicist and educator, and one of the world's foremost experts on the Big Bang theory. Schramm was a pioneer in establishing particle astrophysics as a vibrant research field.  He was particularly well known for the study of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and its use as a probe of dark matter (both baryonic and non-baryonic) and of neutrinos. He also made important contributions to the study of cosmic rays, supernova explosions, heavy-element nucleosynthesis, and nuclear astrophysics generally.

Astroparticle physics
Astroparticle physics, also called particle astrophysics, is a branch of particle physics that studies elementary particles of astrophysical origin and their relation to astrophysics and cosmology. It is a relatively new field of research emerging at the intersection of particle physics, astronomy, astrophysics, detector physics, relativity, solid state physics, and cosmology. Partly motivated by the discovery of neutrino oscillation, the field has undergone rapid development, both theoretically and experimentally, since the early 2000s.
Chen Huacheng
Chen Huancheng (Chinese: 陳化成; pinyin: Chén Tiānhuá; 1776–1842) was a 19th-century military leader of Qing China. He served as the provincial military leader in Jiangnan Province before being killed in the First Opium War.

Jiangnan
Jiangnan is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the southern part of its delta. The region encompasses the city of Shanghai, the southern part of Jiangsu Province, the southeastern part of Anhui Province, the northern part of Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province. The most important cities in the area include Anqing, Changzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Wenzhou, Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.

Jiangnan has long been regarded as one of the most prosperous regions in China due to its wealth in trade and very high human development. Most people of the region speak Wu Chinese dialects as their languages which they are native to.