hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osmundastrum pulchellum
Osmundastrum pulchellum is an extinct species of Osmundastrum, leptosporangiate ferns  in the family Osmundaceae from the lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian?) Djupadal Formation of Southern Sweden. It remained unstudied for 40 years. It is one of the most exceptional fossil ferns ever found, preserving intact calcified (thus dead) tissue with DNA and cells. Its exceptional preservation has allowed the study of the DNA relationships with extant Osmundaceae ferns, proving a 180-million-year genomic stasis. It has also preserved its biotic interactions and even ongoing mitosis.

Toarcian
The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 184.2 Ma (million years ago) and 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.  It follows the Pliensbachian and is followed by the Aalenian.

The Toarcian Age began with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, a major anoxic event associated with marine extinctions and increased global temperatures  that sets its fossil faunas apart from the previous Pliensbachian age. It is believed to have ended with a global cooling event known as the Comptum Cooling Event, although whether it represented a worldwide event is controversial.
Joliet Public Library
The Joliet Public Library (JPL) is the public library system serving the city of Joliet, Illinois. The Joliet Public Library was founded on March 7, 1876, with 750 donated books. The first librarian was Charlotte Akin. Today the majority of the 300,000 item collection resides in downtown Joliet at the Main Library, in a historic limestone building designed in by Daniel H. Burnham. On April 19, 1989, the library was firebombed.

Joliet, Illinois
Joliet (/ˈdʒoʊliɛt, ˌdʒoʊliˈɛt/ JOH-lee-et, -⁠ET) is a city in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Chicago, it is the county seat of Will County. The population was 150,362 at the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in Illinois.
Świerszczyki
Świerszczyki (Polish: [ɕfjɛrʂˈt͡ʂɨkʲi]) is a przysiółek, part of the village of Mironów, in the administrative district of Gmina Lipiany, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Pyrzyce County
Pyrzyce County (Polish: powiat pyrzycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pyrzyce, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Lipiany, lying 16 km (10 mi) south of Pyrzyce.

The county covers an area of 725.71 square kilometres (280.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 39,931, out of which the population of Pyrzyce is 12,642, that of Lipiany is 4,124, and the rural population is 23,165.
Mikhail Youdin
Mikhail Youdin (29 September 1893 St. Petersburg – 8 February 1948 Kazan)  was a Russian composer. He studied at Saint Petersburg Conservatory, where he began teaching in 1926,  and is best remembered for his 1943 opera Farida.

Youdin earned the nickname "Russian Bach" because of his career spent composing large scale ensembles, oratorios and cantatas.

Saint Petersburg Conservatory
The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory (Russian: Санкт-Петербургская государственная консерватория имени Н. А. Римского-Корсакова) (formerly known as the Petrograd Conservatory and Leningrad Conservatory) is a school of music in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2013, the conservatory had around 400 faculty members and over 1300 students.
Konstal 114Na
Konstal 114Na (after modernization 114Na – MF 12) is an articulated low-floor tram, manufactured in 1997 by Konstal works in Chorzów, in a quantity of 2 units for the Gdańsk Municipal Transport Company. It is the second low-floor tram type produced in Poland after the 112N. A significant part of the solutions was taken from the previously produced single unit of the 112N type.

Konstal
Alstom Konstal is a company based in Chorzów, Poland producing rail vehicles, in particular metro cars and trams, as well as components for trains.

In 1864, the plant was founded as part of the Royal Steelworks in Chorzów and in 1917, it was excluded from its structures as a separate enterprise. During World War II, the factory belonged to the Reichswerke Hermann Göring produced for the needs of the army of the Third Reich, while during the Communist Period, as the Chorzów Steel Structures Factory Konstal, it was the main supplier of trams for Poland. In 1995, the company's shares were transferred to the National Investment Funds, after which the plant began cooperation with the Linke-Hofmann-Busch factory belonging to the French Alstom concern.

In 1997, the company was bought out by Alstom, and a year later, simultaneously with the change of its name to Alstom, the Polish factory adopted its current name.
Soleilmoon Recordings
Soleilmoon Recordings is an American record label that began in 1987 as a cassette label, operating from the back of a record shop called the Ooze in Portland, Oregon, US.

The first releases were by Smegma, Muslimgauze, Coil, and Nocturnal Emissions. In 1991 the shop was sold and Soleilmoon became a full-time label.

Smegma (band)
Smegma is an American experimental noise group formed in Pasadena, California in 1973. Author Richard Meltzer became their vocalist in the late 1990s. The group was included in the Nurse with Wound list and was featured on the cover of the August 2006 edition of The Wire.
Operation Queen
Operation Queen was an American operation during World War II on the Western Front at the German Siegfried Line.

The operation was aimed against the River Roer as a staging point for a subsequent thrust over the river to the Rhine into Germany. It was conducted by the First and Ninth U.S. Armies.

The offensive commenced on 16 November 1944 with one of the heaviest Allied tactical bombings of the war. However, the Allied advance was unexpectedly slow, against heavy German resistance, especially in the Hürtgen Forest through which the main thrust of the offensive was carried out. By mid-December, the Allies finally reached the Roer and tried to capture its important dams, when the Germans launched their own offensive, dubbed Wacht am Rhein. The ensuing Battle of the Bulge led to the immediate cessation of Allied offensive efforts into Germany until February 1945.

Hürtgen Forest
The Hürtgen forest (also: Huertgen Forest; German: Hürtgenwald [ˈhʏʁtɡn̩ˌvalt]) is located along the border between Belgium and Germany, in the southwest corner of the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Scarcely 130 square kilometres (50 square miles) in area, the forest lies within a triangle outlined by the German towns of Aachen, Monschau, and Düren. The Rur River runs along the forest's eastern edge.
Wola Rogozińska
Wola Rogozińska [ˈvɔla rɔɡɔˈʑiɲska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north of Zgierz and 21 km (13 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza
Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza (French: Spinoza et le problème de l'expression) is a 1968 book by the philosopher Gilles Deleuze, in which the author conceives Baruch Spinoza as a solitary thinker who envisioned philosophy as an enterprise of liberation and radical demystification. Deleuze sees how the univocity of Being fits into the theory of substance and looks into the relationship between the theory of ideas and the production of truth and sense, the organisation of affect (elimination of sad passions) to achieve joy, and the organization of affect in the theory of modes.

The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (1995; second edition 1999; third edition 2015) is a dictionary of philosophy published by Cambridge University Press and edited by the philosopher Robert Audi. There are 28 members on the Board of Editorial Advisors and 440 contributors.
Hymn of the Earth
Hymn of the Earth (in Finnish: Maan virsi), Op. 95, is a single-movement, patriotic cantata for mixed choir and orchestra written from 1919 to 1920 by Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The piece, which is a setting of the Finnish author Eino Leino's Finnish-language poem of the same name, is chronologically the eighth of Sibelius's nine orchestral cantatas; in particular, it belongs to the series of four "little known, but beautiful" cantatas from the composer's mature period that also includes My Own Land (Op. 92, 1918), Song of the Earth (Op. 93, 1919), and Väinämöinen's Song (Op. 110, 1926). Hymn of the Earth premiered on 4 April 1920 in Helsinki, with Heikki Klemetti conducting the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra and his choir, Suomen Laulu.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Leflaur Leflah Eshkoshka
"Leflaur Leflah Eshkoshka" is a song by American hip hop group The Fab 5. It was released in 1995 via Duck Down/Priority Records as the lead single from Heltah Skeltah's debut studio album Nocturnal. Recording sessions took place at D&D Studios in New York City. Production was handled by Baby Paul with executive producers Buckshot and Drew "Dru-Ha" Friedman. The song contains a sample from The Catalyst's "Uzuri". Music video was directed by Marcus Turner.

The single peaked at number 75 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Priority Records
Priority Records is an American distribution company and record label known for artists including N.W.A, Ice Cube, MC Ren, Dr. Dre, Master P, Snoop Dogg, Mos Def, Silkk the Shocker, Jay-Z, Paris, Mack 10, 504 Boyz, Brotha Lynch Hung, C-Murder, Mia X, Westside Connection, and Ice-T. It also distributed hip-hop record labels including Death Row Records, Hoo-Bangin' Records, No Limit Records, Posthuman Records, Rap-A-Lot Records, Rawkus Records, Roc-A-Fella Records, Ruthless Records Duck Down Records, and Wu-Tang Records. According to Billboard, "few record labels were as important to the rise of West Coast hip-hop as Priority Records".
Ammapali railway station
Ammapali railway station is a halt railway station on Sahibganj loop line under the Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 80 at Pakaria, Ammapali in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Bhagalpur district
Bhagalpur district (/ˈbɑːɡəlpʊər/) is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of Bihar, located in the southeastern region, with its administrative headquarters in the city of Bhagalpur. It is one of the oldest districts of Bihar. It is a part of Bhagalpur Division.
Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein
Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein (born Sophie Elisabeth Marie Gabrielle Herzogin in Bayern; 28 October 1967) is married to Alois, Hereditary Prince and Regent of Liechtenstein. She was born a member of the House of Wittelsbach, with the courtesy title of Duchess in Bavaria, and second in line for the Jacobite succession.

Buchs, St. Gallen
Buchs (German pronunciation: [bʊks] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It serves as an important economic and transport hub, situated on the border with Liechtenstein. Buchs officially became a town (German: Stadt) in 2002.
Chicago Better Housing Association
The Chicago Better Housing Association (CBHA) is an open housing organization created in the 1950s to counter discrimination in the allocation of housing in the United States. The group campaigned for open housing legislation, and later planned and commissioned several affordable housing schemes and other improvements in the Chicago area.

Englewood, Chicago
Englewood is a neighborhood and community area located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is also the 68th of the 77 community areas in the city. At its peak population in 1960, over 97,000 people lived in its approximately 3 square miles (7.8 km2), but the neighborhood's population has since dropped dramatically. In 2000, it had a population of approximately 40,000 inhabitants, and the 2010 census indicated that its population has further declined to approximately 30,000. Englewood is bordered by Garfield Boulevard to the north, 75th Street to the south, Racine Avenue to the west, and an irregular border that bends along the Metra Railroad Tracks to the east. On the southwest side of Chicago lies West Englewood, which is generally lumped in with Englewood by Chicagoans. Englewood, a low-income African-American community, has a high rate of foreclosed properties due to the area's population drop.
Census in Malaysia
The census in Malaysia, or officially, the Population and Housing Census, is a descriptive count of everyone who is in Malaysia on the Census Day, and of their dwellings. The decennial Malaysian census has been conducted six times, As of 2010. It has been conducted every 10 years, beginning in 1960.

Dwelling
In law, a dwelling (also known as a residence, abode or domicile) is a self-contained unit of accommodation – such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat, recreational vehicle, or other "substantial" structure – used as a home by one or more households. The concept of a dwelling has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land-use planning.
James Gardiner (Australian politician)
James Gardiner (12 June 1861 – 27 October 1928) was an Australian politician who served in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1901 to 1904 and from 1914 to 1921. He served as colonial treasurer under two premiers, Walter James and Henry Lefroy. Gardiner was also the inaugural state leader of the Country Party from 1914 to 1915, and briefly served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from March to June 1917.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Viernheim
Viernheim (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪʁnhaɪm] ⓘ) is a midsize industrial town on Mannheim's outskirts and is found in the Rhine Neckar agglomeration and economic area. It is the second biggest town in Bergstraße district in Hesse, Germany. Since 1994 it has also borne the title Brundtlandstadt, as it has been taking part in an energy conservation pilot project. In 1968, the town hosted the eighth Hessentag state festival.

Hauptschule
A Hauptschule (German: [ˈhaʊptʃuːlə] ⓘ, lit. 'general school') is a secondary school in Germany, starting after four years of elementary schooling (Grundschule), which offers Lower Secondary Education (Level 2) according to the International Standard Classification of Education. Any student who attends a German elementary school can go to a Hauptschule or Gesamtschule, while students who want to attend a Realschule or Gymnasium need to have good marks in order to do so. The students spend five to six years at the Hauptschule, from 5th to 9th (or 10th) grade. They finish around age 15 to 17.
× Arctodupontia
× Arctodupontia is a nothogenus of Arctic and Subarctic plants in the grass family. The only known nothospecies is × Arctodupontia scleroclada, found in the colder regions of Eurasia and North America (Nunavut, Svalbard, Magadan, northern European Russia). It is believed to have originated as a hybrid of two other arctic grasses: Arctophila fulva × Dupontia fisheri.

Subarctic
The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of hemiboreal regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Fennoscandia, Northwestern Russia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, subarctic regions fall between 50°N and 70°N latitude, depending on local climates. Precipitation is usually low, and vegetation is characteristic of the taiga.

Daylight at these latitudes is quite extreme between summer and winter due to its high latitude. Near the summer solstice for instance, subarctic regions can experience an all-night period of either civil, nautical, or astronomical twilight (or in the northern reaches full daylight), since the sun never dips more than 18 degrees below the horizon. Noctilucent clouds are best observed within this range of latitude.
Second cabinet of Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
The Second cabinet of Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir in Iceland, nicknamed “The welfare government” (Icelandic: Velferðarstjórnin) or “The sixth left government” (Icelandic: Vinstristjórn VI), was formed 10 May 2009. The cabinet left office on 23 May 2013.

Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources (Iceland)
The Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources (Icelandic: Umhverfis- og auðlindaráðuneytið) is an Icelandic cabinet-level ministry founded on 23 February 1990. It was originally called the Ministry for the Environment but was renamed to its current name on 1 September 2012. The Ministry oversees a wide range of matters as they relate to the environment, including nature conservation, wildlife protection, forest protection and revegitation efforts, environmental impact assessment, land use planning, pollution control and environmental health, fire prevention, meteorology, and mapping, including surveying and remote sensing. The current Minister for the Environment and Natural Resources is Guðmundur Ingi Guðbrandsson.
KGWA
KGWA (960 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Enid, Oklahoma, United States, the station serves the Oklahoma City area. The station is currently owned by Williams Broadcasting LLC and features programming from Fox News Radio, Genesis Communications Network, Premiere Networks, Salem Radio Network, USA Radio Network, and Westwood One.

Fox News Radio
Fox News Radio is an American radio network owned by Fox News. It is syndicated to over 500 AM and FM radio stations across the United States. It also supplies programming for three channels on Sirius XM Satellite Radio.
Cyprus at the World Athletics Championships
Cyprus has competed at the World Athletics Championships since 1983, being absent in 2001 and 2011. Kyriakos Ioannou was the first athlete to win a medal for the country, when he placed third in the men's high jump event at the 2007 World Athletics Championships. Kyriakos then went on to win a second medal, this time with a second place in the same event.

2007 World Championships in Athletics
The 11th World Championships in Athletics, (Japanese: 2007年世界陸上競技選手権大会) under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held at Nagai Stadium in Osaka, Japan from 24 August to 2 September 2007. 200 of the IAAF's 212 member federations entered a total of 1,978 athletes, the greatest number of competitors at any World Championships to date. Sarah Brightman, the world's best-selling soprano, performed her single Running at the opening ceremony.
Richard Halliwell (cricketer)
Richard Bisset Halliwell (30 November 1842 – 9 November 1881) was an English first-class cricketer active 1865–73 who played for Middlesex. He was born in Bloomsbury and died in St Pancras, London. He played in 43 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman, scoring 502 runs with a highest score of 38*; and as a wicketkeeper, holding 35 catches and completing 41 stumped. He was the father of South Africa's captain and wicketkeeper Ernest Halliwell.

Stumped
Stumped is a method of dismissing a batter in cricket, in which the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket of the striker while the striker is out of their ground. It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket.

Being "out of their ground" means no part of the batter's body, equipment or bat is touching the ground behind the crease.

Stumped is a special case of run out, but a stumping can only be affected by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder, when the striker is not attempting a run, and the ball must not be a no-ball. If the criteria for both stumped and run out are met, then the dismissal will be recorded as a stumping and credited to the bowler and wicket-keeper.

As always in cricket, one of the fielding team must appeal for the wicket by asking the umpires. It is the striker's end umpire who adjudicates all stumpings, and all run-out appeals at the striker's end.
Jedediah Hinkle
Jedediah Hinkle is an American politician and taxidermist. A Republican, he is a member of the Montana House of Representatives. He previously served in the Montana Senate from 2015 to 2019.

In 2021, he supported moving same-day voter registration back one day, to relieve pressure on elections offices while they counted ballots.

Montana Senate
The Montana State Senate is, along with the Montana House of Representatives, one of the two houses that composes the Montana Legislature, the state legislative branch of the U.S. state of Montana. The body is composed of 50 senators elected for four years. Half of the Senate is up for election every two years.
One Nil
One Nil, released in 2001, is the second solo album by New Zealand singer-songwriter, Neil Finn.  When released in the United States the following year, the album had a slightly different track listing and was issued under the name One All.

Bob Clearmountain
Bob Clearmountain (born Chiaramonte, January 15, 1953) is an American mixing engineer and record producer, best known for his work with major acts, including Bryan Adams,  David Bowie, Bon Jovi, Huey Lewis and the News, Roxy Music, the Pretenders, Paul McCartney, Bruce Springsteen, and the Rolling Stones. Described by Sound on Sound magazine as having "his name on more hit records than anyone else in the history of popular music", he is credited with establishing the role of mixing engineer.

Clearmountain has mixed some of the most famous live shows in music history, including Live Aid and The Concert for New York City. Records mixed by Clearmountain have won eight Grammy Awards. He has also won two Emmy Awards from five nominations.