hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Umze Peljor
Samten Tenzin, better known as Umze Peljor (Dzongkha: དབུ་མཛད་དཔལ་འབྱོར, died 1707) was the 7th Druk Desi or head of government of Bhutan from 1703 until his death. Inexperienced as a politician and of mild character, Peljor served as little more than a co-ruler to the more powerful Gyaltsab (head of state) Kuenga Gyaltshen. Feeling overwhelmed by the factional strife at court, Peljor eventually retired to Chagri Monastery in 1705. For the last years of his life, he remained only nominally in office while effectively living as monk.

Karma Phuntsho
Karma Phuntsho (Dzongkha: ཀརྨ་ཕུན་ཚོགས) is a former monk and Bhutanese scholar who specialises in Buddhism, Tibetan & Himalayan Studies and Bhutan, and has published a number of works including eight books, translations, book reviews and articles on Buddhism, Bhutan and Tibetan Studies. His The History of Bhutan received Choice Outstanding Academic Title Award in 2015.
Fospropofol
Fospropofol (INN), often used as the disodium salt (trade name Lusedra), is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent. It is currently approved for use in sedation of adult patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures such as endoscopy.

Local anesthesia
Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, i.e. local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well. It allows patients to undergo surgical and dental procedures with reduced pain and distress. In many situations, such as cesarean section, it is safer and therefore superior to general anesthesia.

The following terms are often used interchangeably:

Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin.

Regional anesthesia is aimed at anesthetizing a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm.

Conduction anesthesia encompasses a great variety of local and regional anesthetic techniques.
Margaret Bromley
Margaret Bromley née Lowe (died 1657) was a noted English Puritan of Staffordshire origins.  She married Sir Edward Bromley, a noted lawyer and judge of the period. After his death she established a base for sheltering and supporting nonconforming ministers at Sheriffhales. Leaving the area during the English Civil War, she spent the final years of her life at Loughborough.

Great Ejection
The Great Ejection followed the Act of Uniformity 1662 in England. Several thousand Puritan ministers were forced out of their positions in the Church of England following the Restoration of Charles II. It was a consequence (not necessarily an intended one) of the Savoy Conference of 1661.
Gorumara National Park
Gorumara National Park (Pron: ˌgɔ:rʊˈmɑ:rə; Gorumara Jatio Uddan) is a national park in northern West Bengal, India. Located in the Dooars region of the Himalayan foothills, it is a medium-sized park with grasslands and forests. Gorumara National Park was established in 1992. It is primarily known for its population of Indian rhinoceros. The park was declared as the best among the protected areas in India by the Ministry of Environment and Forests for the year 2009.

As of March 2021, the park is open for the tourists after staying closed for months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Siliguri
Siliguri (/sɪˈliˌɡʊri/, Bengali pronunciation: [ʃiliɡuɽi];  ⓘ), also known as Shiliguri, is a major tier-II city in West Bengal. It forms the Twin Cities with the neighbouring city of Jalpaiguri. The city spans areas of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. Known as the "Gateway of Northeast India", It is located on the banks of the Mahananda in the foothills of the Himalayas. Siliguri is the third largest urban agglomeration in West Bengal, after Kolkata and Asansol.

Siliguri has great strategic importance in West Bengal, with convenient access to three international borders: Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. It also connects the North-East with mainland India. Located in the foothills of Eastern Himalayas, Siliguri is a significant trading and transportation hub.
Eurydice
Eurydice (/jʊəˈrɪdɪsiː/ ⓘ; Ancient Greek: Εὐρυδίκη 'wide justice', classical pronunciation: [eu̯.ry.dí.kɛː]) was a character in Greek mythology and the wife of Orpheus, whom Orpheus tried to bring back from the dead with his enchanting music.

Jacopo Peri
Jacopo Peri (Italian: [ˈja.ko.po ˈpɛ.ri]; 20 August 1561 – 12 August 1633) was an Italian composer, singer and instrumentalist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. He wrote what is considered the first opera, the mostly lost Dafne (c. 1597), and also the earliest extant opera, Euridice (1600).

He is sometimes known by the byname lo Zazzerino (lit. 'the blond one').
Rethabile
Rethabile is a populated place in the Emalahleni Local Municipality of the Nkangala District Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. It is adjacent to Vandyksdrif.

As of the 2011 census, Rethabile had 327 households.

Nkangala District Municipality
Nkangala is one of the 3 districts of Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The seat of Nkangala is Middelburg. The Nkangala District Municipality consists of 160 towns and villages. The most spoken language of its 1,308,129 people is IsiNdebele with 28.4%, closely followed by Zulu speakers (2011 Census). The district code is DC31.
Raddia
Raddia is a genus of South American plants in the grass family, most of the species found only in Brazil.

The genus was named for Italian botanist and herpetologist Giuseppe Raddi, 1770–1829.

Species

Raddia angustifolia Soderstr. & Zuloaga - Bahia

Raddia brasiliensis Bertol. - Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Paraíba

Raddia distichophylla (Steud. ex Nees) Chase - Bahia

Raddia guianensis (Brongn.) C.L.Hitchc. - Trinidad & Tobago, Pará, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela (Carabobo, Yaracuy)

Raddia lancifolia R.P.Oliveira & Longhi-Wagner - Espírito Santo

Raddia megaphylla R.P.Oliveira & Longhi-Wagner - Espírito Santo, Bahia

Raddia portoi Kuhlm. - Bahia

Raddia soderstromii R.P.Oliveira, L.G.Clark & Judz. - Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe

Raddia stolonifera R.P.Oliveira & Longhi-Wagner - Bahia

formerly included

see Arberella Crypsis Cryptochloa Piresia Raddiella

Carabobo
Carabobo State (Spanish: Estado Carabobo, IPA: [esˈtaðo kaɾaˈβoβo]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Located in the Central Region of Venezuela, it is about two hours by car from Caracas. The state capital city is Valencia, which is also the country's main industrial center. The state's area is 4,369 km2 (1,687 sq mi) and, as of the 2011 census, had a population of 2,245,744.

Carabobo State was the site of the Battle of Carabobo on 24 June 1821. This was a decisive victory for the Venezuelans, led by Simón Bolívar, in their war of independence against Spain.
Ivashkin
Ivashkin, feminine: Ivashkina is a Russian patronymic surname derived from the given name  Ivashka  or Ivashko, a diminutive for Ivan. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander  Ivashkin,Russian cellist, writer, academic

Anton Ivashkin,  Belarusian cyclist

Elizaveta Fedorovna Ivashkina, birth name of Elizaveta Litvinova (1845–1919?), Russian mathematician and educator

Alexander Ivashkin
Alexander Vasilievich Ivashkin (Russian: Александр Васильевич Ивашкин), (17 August 1948 – 31 January 2014) was a Russian cellist, writer, academic and conductor. He was a professor of music and the Chair of Performance Studies at Goldsmiths, University of London since 1999, the director of the Centre for Russian Music, and the curator of the Alfred Schnittke Archive. In 1996, he published the first English-language biography of the composer Alfred Schnittke.
Erythronium taylorii
Erythronium taylorii is a rare species of flowering plant in the lily family known by the common names Pilot Ridge fawn lily, Taylor's fawnlily, and Yosemite fawn lily. It is endemic to Tuolumne County, California, where it is known only from Pilot Ridge, a remote mountain ridge outside of Yosemite National Park. It was discovered in 1996 and described to science as E. taylori in 1997, and it is now called E. taylorii. There are at least 1000 individuals in the single known population. It occurs on shaded north-facing cliffs.

This lily grows from a bulb several centimeters wide and produces wavy-edged basal leaves up to 35 centimeters long. The green flowering stem is up to 40 centimeters tall and bears 1 to 8 showy, pendent lily flowers. Each flower has six lance-shaped tepals which may be over 4 centimeters long. They are white with bright yellow bases and fade pink with age. The six long yellow stamens are tipped with large white anthers.

Tuolumne County, California
Tuolumne County (/tuˈɒləmi/ ⓘ), officially the County of Tuolumne, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 55,620. The county seat and only incorporated city is Sonora.

Tuolumne County comprises the Sonora, CA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county is in the Sierra Nevada region.

The northern half of Yosemite National Park is located in the eastern part of the county.
Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies
The Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies (formerly Holy Land Studies) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Edinburgh University Press. The editor-in-chief is Nur Masalha, who co-founded the journal with Michael Prior in 2002. The journal covers a wide range of topics: "two nations" and "three faiths"; conflicting Israeli and Palestinian perspectives; social and economic conditions; religion and politics in the Middle East; Palestine in history and today; ecumenism, and interfaith relations; modernisation and postmodernism; religious revivalisms and fundamentalisms; Zionism, Neo-Zionism, Christian Zionism, counter-Zionism and Post-Zionism; theologies of liberation in Palestine and Israel; colonialism, imperialism, settler-colonialism, post-colonialism and decolonisation; "History from below" and Subaltern studies; "One-state" and "Two States" solutions in Palestine and Israel; Crusader studies, Genocide studies, and Holocaust studies.

Michael Prior (theologian)
Michael Prior, CM (15 March 1942 – 21 July 2004) was a priest of the Congregation of the Mission, professor of biblical theology at Saint Mary's College, University of Surrey, and a liberation theologian. He was one of the more colourful and controversial figures in the Catholic Church in Great Britain, and an outspoken critic of Israel and of Zionism.
Phrynopus oblivius
Phrynopus oblivius is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to central Peru and only known from near its type locality near Maraynioc, in the Tarma Province, Junín Region, at about 3,210–3,220 m (10,530–10,560 ft) asl. It is known from a collection in 2005; there has been no later surveys for the species.

Tarma province
Tarma is a Peruvian province, making up one of the nine provinces that conform the Junín Region.  To the north it borders with the province of Junín, to the east with the province of Chanchamayo, to the south with the province of Jauja and to the west with the province of Yauli.

The region has an area of 2,749.16 square kilometers (1,061.46 sq mi), which represents the 6.2% of the departmental territory. It is located in a position privileged, touristy and economic, halfway between the capital and the high forest, and point of convergence of various routes towards the central forest. The climate is temperate and mild during most of months predominates.
David Coverdale
David Coverdale (born 22 September 1951) is an English retired singer and songwriter best known as the founder and lead singer of the hard rock band Whitesnake.

Coverdale was the lead singer of Deep Purple from 1973 to 1976. He founded Whitesnake in 1978. Whitesnake gained significant popularity in the UK, Europe, and Asia. In 1987, the band released the Whitesnake album. Featuring the hit singles "Here I Go Again" and "Is This Love", the album went multi-platinum and made the band popular in North America. During Whitesnake's first hiatus from 1990 to 1993, Coverdale collaborated with Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page on the album Coverdale–Page, which went platinum. Coverdale has also released three albums as a solo artist.

Coverdale is known for his powerful, blues-tinged voice. In 2016, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Deep Purple.

Classic Rock (magazine)
Classic Rock is a British magazine and website dedicated to rock music, owned and published by Future. It was launched in October 1998 and is based in London. The magazine publishes 13 editions a year, mainly covering rock bands from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, with the likes of Led Zeppelin, AC/DC, Pink Floyd, the Rolling Stones, Queen, Black Sabbath, Aerosmith, Deep Purple, and Van Halen amongst its most prominent cover stars. As well as veteran rock artists, Classic Rock also covers modern rock bands and releases, with Alter Bridge, Rival Sons, Halestorm, Ghost, Blackberry Smoke and the Struts amongst the younger artists to have appeared on its cover in recent years.
Lars Hedberg
Lars Eric Christian Hedberg (born 20 September 1948) is an Australian former international rugby union player.

Born in Sydney, Hedberg learned his rugby as a Cranbrook School pupil and afterwards played for Hawkesbury Agricultural College, which had a team in the second division of Sydney rugby. He was subsequently employed by the Soil Conservation Service, basing him in country New South Wales.

Hedberg, a prop, started out in country rugby with Goulburn and earned ACT representative honours. This was followed by selection to the NSW Country XV, through which he gained experience against international opposition, including the 1971 Springboks. He debuted for the NSW Waratahs in 1972 and two years later made the Wallabies squad for the second international against the touring 1974 All Blacks, replacing reserve prop Ron Graham who came into the XV for an injured John Meadows. On the bench for two Test matches, Hedberg never got a chance to take the field.

Cranbrook School, Sydney
Cranbrook School is an independent Anglican day and boarding school, with multiple campuses in Sydney's eastern suburbs New South Wales, Australia for students from pre-school to year 12. The school was founded in 1918 with the Rev'd Frederick Thomas Perkins as the first headmaster. Cranbrook has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 1,680 students from early learning (4 years old) to Year 12 (18 years old), including 80 boarders from Years 7 to 12. Cranbrook is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. It is a founding member of the Combined Associated Schools (CAS). and the Independent Sporting Association (ISA).
Tardequeia
Tardequeia was a settlement and station (mutatio) of ancient Cilicia, on the road between Adana and Issus, inhabited during Byzantine times.

Its site is tentatively located near Kurtkulağı in Asiatic Turkey.

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.
C. J. Carter-Stephenson
Christian James Carter-Stephenson is an English writer of fiction, poetry and drama. He writes primarily in the genres of horror, science fiction and fantasy. He was born in the county of Essex on 31 January 1977 and attended King Edward VI Grammar School from the ages of 11 to 18. In 1998, he graduated from De Montfort University in Leicester with a BA (Hons) in English and Performing Arts, and in 1999, obtained a postgraduate diploma in Acting from the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts in London. He went on to gain an MA in creative writing from the University of Southampton in 2016 and has been a finalist in the Writers of the Future contest. In 2012, he won a silver award in the Children's Literary Classics award for his children's novel The Crystal Ship.

Writers and Illustrators of the Future
Writers and Illustrators of the Future is a science fiction and fantasy story and art contest that was established by L. Ron Hubbard in 1983 as Writers of the Future. A sister contest, Illustrators of the Future, was launched in 1988 and presents awards for science fiction art. Hubbard characterized the contest as a way of "giving back" to the field that had defined his professional writing life. The contest has no entry fee.

Notable past winners include Robert Reed, Dave Wolverton, Nancy Farmer, James Gardner, Scott Nicholson, Ian McHugh and Randy Henderson.
1997 FIBA Oceania Championship for Women
The FIBA Oceania Championship for Women 1997 was the qualifying tournament of FIBA Oceania for the 1998 FIBA World Championship for Women, and the 2000 Summer Olympics. The basketball tournament was held in Wellington and Palmerston North. Australia won the tournament to qualify for the World Championship and New Zealand qualified for the Olympics.

1998 FIBA World Championship for Women
The 1998 FIBA Women's World Championship (German: 1998 FIBA Frauen-Weltmeisterschaft) was hosted by Germany from May 26 to June 7, 1998.  The USA won the tournament, defeating Russia 71-65 in the final.
Naturtheater Grötzingen
Naturtheater Grötzingen  is a sylvan theatre in Grötzingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is a thin concrete shell built in 1954 and seats an audience of 850. It was designed by architect Michael Balz and structural engineer Heinz Isler.

Concrete shell
A concrete shell, also commonly called thin shell concrete structure, is a structure composed of a relatively thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses. The shells are most commonly monolithic domes, but may also take the form of hyperbolic paraboloids, ellipsoids, cylindrical sections, or some combination thereof. The first concrete shell dates back to the 2nd century.
B28 nuclear bomb
The B28, originally Mark 28, was a thermonuclear bomb carried by U.S. tactical fighter bombers, attack aircraft and bomber aircraft. From 1962 to 1972 under the NATO nuclear weapons sharing program, American B28s also equipped six Europe-based Canadian CF-104 squadrons known as the RCAF Nuclear Strike Force. It was also supplied for delivery by UK-based Royal Air Force Valiant and Canberra aircraft assigned to NATO under the command of SACEUR.  In addition, certain U.S. Navy carrier based attack aircraft such as the A3D (later A-3B) Skywarrior, A4D (later A-4) Skyhawk, and A3J (later A-5A) Vigilante were equipped to carry the B28.

Supreme Allied Commander Europe
The Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) is the commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) and head of ACO's headquarters, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE). The commander is based at SHAPE in Casteau, Belgium. In effect, SACEUR is the second-highest military position within NATO, below only the Chair of the NATO Military Committee in terms of precedence. There is another Supreme Allied Commander in NATO, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT), titularly equal, but whose duties are less operational. SACT, in Norfolk, Virginia, has responsibility for capability development rather than operations.

SACEUR has always been held by a U.S. military officer, and the position is dual-hatted with that of Commander of United States European Command.

The current SACEUR is General Alexus G. Grynkewich of the US Air Force.
Edward Mahon
Edward Mahon (1862–1937) was born in Rawmarsh, England to Sir William Vesey Ross Mahon (1813–1893), who became Fourth Baronet in 1852, but chose not to abandon his Yorkshire parish in favour of Castlegar, the ancestral Mahon family residence in County Galway, Ireland.

Rawmarsh
Rawmarsh (locally /ˈroʊmɪʃ/) is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, in South Yorkshire, England. Historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is 2 miles (3 km) north-northeast from Rotherham town centre and 3 miles (5 km) south-southwest of Swinton. The village also forms part of the Sheffield Urban Area. The Rawmarsh ward of Rotherham MBC had a population of 13,389 at the 2011 Census. Rawmarsh also contains other output areas from neighbouring wards giving it a population of 18,498 in 2011 and 18,535 in 2014.
Quantum channel
In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information.  An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit.  An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the Internet.

Terminologically, quantum channels are completely positive (CP) trace-preserving maps between spaces of operators.  In other words, a quantum channel is just a quantum operation viewed not merely as the reduced dynamics of a system but as a pipeline intended to carry quantum information.  (Some authors use the term "quantum operation" to include trace-decreasing maps while reserving "quantum channel" for strictly trace-preserving maps.)

Reduced dynamics
In quantum mechanics, especially in the study of open quantum systems, reduced dynamics refers to the time evolution of a density matrix for a system coupled to an environment.  Consider a system and environment initially in the state  (which in general may be entangled) and undergoing unitary evolution given by .  Then the reduced dynamics of the system alone is simply

If we assume that the mapping  is linear and completely positive, then the reduced dynamics can be represented by a quantum operation.  This mean we can express it in the operator-sum form

where the  are operators on the Hilbert space of the system alone, and no reference is made to the environment.  In particular, if the system and environment are initially in a product state , it can be shown that the reduced dynamics are completely positive.  However, the most general possible reduced dynamics are not completely positive.
Crassula thunbergiana
Crassula thunbergiana is a herb in the family Crassulaceae.

The annual herb typically grows to a height of 10 centimetres (3.9 in). It blooms between September and October producing white flowers.

It not native to Western Australia but is found in disturbed areas in the Great Southern, Wheatbelt, South West and Peel regions.

Peel (Western Australia)
The Peel region is one of the nine regional regions of Western Australia, as defined by the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993. It is located on the west coast of Western Australia, about 75 kilometres (47 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. It consists of the City of Mandurah, and the Shires of Boddington, Murray, Serpentine-Jarrahdale and Waroona.

The total area of the region is 6,648 square kilometres (2,567 sq mi). In 2017, Peel had a population of 136,854, of which over sixty percent lived in Mandurah. In June 2019 the total population for the constituent Local Government Areas (LGAs) was 142,960, within an area of 5,516.3 square kilometres (2,129.9 sq mi).