hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Usta (Russia)
The Usta (Russian: Уста) is a river in Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov Oblasts, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Vetluga (Volga's tributary). It is 253 kilometers (157 mi) in length, with a drainage basin of 6,030 square kilometers (2,330 sq mi). Most of its water comes from melting snow. The average discharge 47 kilometers (29 mi) from its mouth is 28 cubic meters per second (990 cu ft/s). The Usta freezes over in November, and stays icebound until April. It is navigable in its lower reaches. The town of Uren is located on the right bank of the Usta.

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
Karaçulha
Karaçulha is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Fethiye, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population is 16,662 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It has almost merged to Fethiye proper. The distance to Muğla is 140 kilometres (87 mi). There are ancient ruins around Karaçulha. But the settlement was founded by Yörüks (nomadic Turkmens). Evliya Çelebi a  17th-century Turkish traveller mentions Karaçulha people in his book. The settlement was declared a seat of township in 1970.

Muğla
Muğla (Turkish: [ˈmuːɫa]) is a city in southwestern Turkey. The city is the center of the district of Menteşe and Muğla Province, which stretches along Turkey's Aegean coast. Muğla's center is situated inland at an altitude of 660 m and lies at a distance of about 30 km (19 mi) from the nearest seacoast in the Gulf of Gökova to its south-west. Muğla (Menteşe) district area neighbors the district areas of Milas, Yatağan and Kavaklıdere to its north by north-west and those of Ula and Köyceğiz, all of whom are dependent districts. Muğla is the administrative capital of a province that incorporates internationally well-known and popular tourist resorts such as Bodrum, Marmaris, Datça, Dalyan, Fethiye, Ölüdeniz and also the smaller resort of Sarigerme.
Grigia Molisana
The Grigia Molisana is an Italian breed of greyish domestic goat indigenous to Molise in southern Italy. It is raised in the comuni of Acquaviva Collecroci, Castelmauro, Montefalcone nel Sannio, Montemitro and San Felice del Molise; all are in the province of Campobasso, and the breed may also be called the Capra di Campobasso. The highest concentration is in Montefalcone, from which the name Capra di Montefalcone derives. The origins of the breed are not known; studies conducted in the 1980s suggest influence from the Alpino Comune, Garganica and Maltese breeds.

The Grigia Molisana is one of the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders. At the end of 2013 the registered population was 443, all of which were in the province of Campobasso.

San Felice del Molise
San Felice del Molise (Slavomolisano: Filić or Štifilić) is a small town and comune in the province of Campobasso in the Molise region of Italy, near the Trigno river.

Like Acquaviva Collecroce and Montemitro, San Felice del Molise is home to a community of Molisian Croats, most of whom speak the Slavomolisano dialect as well as Italian and Molisan.

Main sights include the Norman Chapel of S. Felice and the church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli.
KCWY-DT
KCWY-DT (channel 13) is a television station in Casper, Wyoming, United States, affiliated with NBC and The CW Plus. Owned by Marquee Broadcasting, the station has studios on Progress Circle in Mills, Wyoming, and its transmitter is located atop Casper Mountain.

KCWY-DT serves as the NBC affiliate for most of Wyoming. The station is relayed on low-powered translator K28HL-D (channel 28) in Riverton, which is owned by the Riverton-Fremont TV Club, Inc. KCWY's programming was also simulcast on the second digital subchannel of KSGW-TV (channel 12) in Sheridan until January 1, 2019, and on KSWY-LP (channel 29) in Sheridan, KCHY-LP (channel 13) in Cheyenne and KWYM-LP (channel 14) in Laramie until July 13, 2021.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Erzgebirge goat
The Erzgebirge (German: Erzgebirgsziege) is a breed of goat native to the Saxony region of Germany. Erzgebirge goats are polled, and have a reddish-brown coat with black stripes on the face, back, and legs. Primarily used for milking, the breed is critically endangered.

Goat milk
Goat milk is the milk of domestic goats. Goats produce about 2% of the world's total annual milk supply. Some goats are bred specifically for milk. Goat milk naturally has small, well-emulsified fat globules, which means the cream remains in suspension for a longer period of time than cow's milk; therefore, it does not need to be homogenized. Eventually, the cream rises to the top over a period of a few days. If the milk is to be used to make cheese, homogenization is not recommended, as this changes the structure of the milk, affecting the culture's ability to coagulate the milk as well as the final quality and yield of cheese.

Dairy goats in their prime (generally around the third or fourth lactation cycle) average—2.7 to 3.6 kg (6 to 8 lb)—(or 2.8 to 3.8 L (3 to 4 U.S. qt))—of milk production daily—roughly during a ten-month lactation. Goats produce more after freshening and gradually drop production toward the end of their lactation. The milk generally averages 3.5% butterfat.
Al-Raji
Al-Raji is a location in Saudi Arabia near al-Najdiyya. During the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's era the Expedition of Al Raji took place here. Some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam,  but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers. According to William Montgomery Watt, the seven men Muhammad sent may have been spies for Muhammad and instructors for Arab tribes. Watt's claim that they were spies and not missionaries is mentioned in the Sunni hadith collection Sahih al-Bukhari

W. Montgomery Watt
William Montgomery Watt (14 March 1909 – 24 October 2006) was a Scottish historian and orientalist. An Anglican priest, Watt served as Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of Edinburgh from 1964 to 1979 and was also a prominent contributor to the field of Quranic studies.

Watt was one of the foremost non-Muslim interpreters of Islam in the West. Watt's comprehensive biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Muhammad at Mecca (1953) and Muhammad at Medina (1956), are considered to be classics in the field.
Isaac Weaver
Isaac Job Weaver (28 October 1869 – 17 May 1954) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Warrenheip to farmer Edward Weaver and Ellenor Southerton. His formal education lasted two years, and growing up he worked on the family farm at Boort. He became a sheep and wheat farmer, and was active in local agricultural circles. Around 1897, he married Margaret Ritchie, with whom he had two children. In 1917 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Korong, representing the Victorian Farmers' Union. He joined the Country Party in 1920 and was a member of its central council from 1920 to 1922 and from 1928 to 1933. In 1927, his seat was abolished, and he was defeated whilst running for Korong and Eaglehawk. He ran unsuccessfully for the Shire of Gordon in the 1931 Victorian local elections, receiving 35.9% of the vote. From 1938 to 1943, he was a member of John McEwen's Liberal Country Party. Weaver died in Mansfield in 1954.

Victorian National Party
The Victorian National Party, officially known as the National Party of Australia – Victoria, is an Australian political party that serves as the state branch of the federal National Party in Victoria. It represents graziers, farmers, miners and rural voters.

It began as a political activity of the Victorian Farmer's Union, which became involved in state politics in 1916. It was then known as the Country Party for many years, until becoming "The Nationals" in 1975.

In state parliament it is presently the junior partner in a centre-right Coalition with the Liberal Party, forming a joint Opposition bench. The party's leader Danny O'Brien serves as deputy opposition leader, while in government the party's leader serves as Deputy Premier of Victoria.
Aydıntepe railway station
Aydıntepe railway station (Turkish: Aydıntepe istasyonu) is a railway station in Tuzla, Istanbul. Up until 2012, the station was a stop on the Haydarpaşa suburban commuter rail line. The original station consisted of two side platforms with two tracks.

Aydıntepe station was closed down on 1 February 2012, when all train traffic between Pendik and Arifiye was temporarily suspended due to construction of the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway. The station was demolished shortly after and a new station was built in its place. The new station consists of an island platform serving two tracks, with a third express track on the south side.

Aydıntepe station is opened on 12 March 2019 along with the entire Marmaray line.

Marmaray
Marmaray (pronounced [ˈmaɾmaɾaj] ⓘ) is a 76.6-kilometre-long (47.6 mi) commuter rail line located in Istanbul, Turkey. The line runs from Halkalı, on the European side, to Gebze, on the Asian side, along the north shore of the Sea of Marmara. Mostly using the right-of-way of two existing commuter rail lines, the Marmaray line linked the two lines via a tunnel under the Bosporus strait, becoming the first standard gauge rail connection between Europe and Asia (all prior connections ran through Russia and used the incompatible Russian broad gauge). The two existing sections of the line were rebuilt and expanded from two tracks to three tracks, to allow for higher capacity with intercity and freight rail. The name Marmaray is a portmanteau of the words Marmara and Ray, which is Turkish for rail.
Vernon Fewell
Vernon Doyle Fewell (June 9, 1940 – September 26, 2015) was an American football and track coach. He served as the head football coach at Sul Ross State University in Alpine, Texas in 1978 and Texas Lutheran University in Seguin, Texas from 1981 to 1987, compiling a career college football coaching record of 31–44–1.

Fewell graduated from Texas Lutheran, where he lettered in football, basketball, and track. He earned a Master of Education degree from Southwest Texas State College—now known as Texas State University—in 1968. Fewell was hired at Sul Ross in 1977 as head track coach and assistant football coach under Paul Pierce. He succeeded Pierce as head football coach after the 1977 season.

Seguin, Texas
Seguin (/sɪˈɡiːn/ sih-GHEEN) is a city in and the county seat of Guadalupe County, Texas, United States. Its population was 29,433 at the 2020 census, and according to 2023 census estimates, the city had a population of 36,013.
Domar
In Norse mythology, the Swedish king Domar (Old Norse Dómarr, "Judge") of the House of Ynglings was the son of Domalde. He was married to Drott, the sister of Dan the Arrogant who gave his names to the Danes. Drott and Dan are in this work said to be the children of Danp son of Ríg.

His rule lasted long and after the sacrifice of his father Domalde, the crops were plentiful and peace reigned. Consequently, there is not much to tell about his reign, and when he died at Uppsala, he was transported over the Fyris Wolds (Fyrisvellir) and burnt on the banks of the river, where a stone was raised over his ashes.

He was succeeded by his son Dyggvi.

Fyrisvellir
Fyrisvellir, Fyris Wolds, or Fyrisvallarna, was the marshy plain (vellir) south of Gamla Uppsala where travellers had to leave the ships on the river Fyris (Fyrisån) and walk to the Temple at Uppsala and the hall of the Swedish king.
Echecrates
In ancient Greece, Echecrates (Greek: Ἐχεκράτης) was the name of the following men:

Echecrates of Thessaly, a military officer of Ptolemy IV Philopator, documented around 219–217 BC.

A son of Demetrius the Fair (c. 285–250 BC) by Olympias of Larissa, and brother of Antigonus III Doson. He had a son named Antigonus after his uncle.

Three Pythagorean philosophers mentioned by Iamblichus:
A Locrian, one of those to whom Plato is said to have gone for instruction. The name Caetus in Valerius Maximus is perhaps an erroneous reading for Echecrates.
A Tarentine, probably the same who is mentioned in Plato's Ninth Letter.
Echecrates of Phlius, a contemporary with Aristoxenus the Peripatetic.

Iamblichus
Iamblichus (/aɪˈæmblɪkəs/ eye-AM-blik-əs; Ancient Greek: Ἰάμβλιχος, romanized: Iámblichos; Aramaic: 𐡉𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡅, romanized: Yamlīkū; c. 245 – c. 325) was a Syrian Arab Neoplatonist philosopher who determined a direction later taken by Neoplatonism. Iamblichus was also the biographer of the Greek mystic, philosopher, and mathematician Pythagoras. In addition to his philosophical contributions, his Protrepticus is important for the study of the sophists because it preserved about ten pages of an otherwise unknown sophist known as the Anonymus Iamblichi.
Carnaval (song)
"Carnaval" (English: "Carnival") is a song by Colombian singer Maluma. The song is taken from the mixtape PB.DB The Mixtape. It was released as the mixtape's third single on 25 June 2014, by Sony Music Colombia. The song was commercially successful across countries in Latin America, reaching the top ten on the charts in Colombia and peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Mexican Airplay songs chart. It was later included on the track list of Maluma's second studio album Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy, and played as part of the One World: Together at Home concert.

Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy
Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy is the second studio album by Colombian rapper and singer Maluma, released on 30 October 2015, by Sony Music Latin. Work on the album lasted three years, during which Maluma collaborated with various songwriters and producers. Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy is a concept album meant to showcase the different facets of Maluma; the Pretty Boy side contains romantic balladry and the Dirty Boy consisting of reggaeton-infused seductive songs. Four singles were released from the album, "El Tiki" and "Borró Cassette" which preceded its release and "El Perdedor" and "Sin Contrato" – all of them were successful in countries across Latin America. In order to promote the album, Maluma embarked the Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy World Tour in 2016.
Guadalupe Haertling
Guadalupe V. de Haertling (born February 1, 1871) was a Honduran composer and pedagogue.

Haertling was born in Tegucigalpa. Through her mother she was descended from José Santos Guardiola, a former president of Honduras. She studied in her native country, where her teachers included Laureano Campos. She served as an associated director of the Conservatorio Mariana Ugarte, and taught music at a variety of schools, both public and private, in her city of birth. Later she directed a school of piano in San Pedro Sula. She collaborated frequently with her husband, Carlos Hartling. Haertling composed a handful of piano works, including polkas and marches. The year of her death is unknown.

San Pedro Sula
San Pedro Sula (Spanish pronunciation: [sam ˈpeðɾo ˈsula]) is the capital of Cortés Department, Honduras. It is located in the northwest corner of the country in the Sula Valley, about 50 kilometers (31 miles) south of Puerto Cortés on the Caribbean Sea. With a population of 701,200 in the central urban area (2023 calculation) and a population of 1,445,598 in its metropolitan area in 2023, it is the nation's primary industrial center and second largest city after the capital Tegucigalpa, and the largest city in Central America that is not a capital city.
65th Air Base Group
The 65th Air Base Group is a group of the United States Air Force based at Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal.

The group provides base and en route support for the U.S. Department of Defense, allied nations and other authorized aircraft in transit, including those from the Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, Colombia, Germany, Venezuela and Great Britain.

Mitchel Air Force Base
Mitchel Air Force Base, also known as Mitchel Field, was a United States Air Force base located on the Hempstead Plains of Long Island, New York, United States. Established in 1918 as Hazelhurst Aviation Field #2, the facility was renamed later that year as Mitchel Field in honor of former New York City Mayor John Purroy Mitchel, who was killed while training for the Air Service in Louisiana.

Decommissioned in 1961, Mitchel Field became a multi-use complex that is home to the Cradle of Aviation Museum, Nassau Coliseum, Mitchel Athletic Complex, Nassau Community College, Hofstra University, and Lockheed. In 2018 the surviving buildings and facilities were recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Siegfried Lienhard
Siegfried Lienhard (29 August 1924, in Sankt Veit an der Glan – 6 March 2011) was a professor of Indology at Stockholm University and a scholar of Sanskrit and the Newar language.

He published on the history of poetry in South Asia, as well as a catalogue of the Newar manuscripts held in the State Library of Berlin, a collection of Newar folk songs, and textual studies of classical Newar texts. In 1995 his students and colleagues published a Festschrift in his honour. In 2007 Oskar von Hinueber edited the collected minor writings of Siegfried Lienhard.

Stockholm University
Stockholm University (SU) (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia.

Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.
Bliss, New York
Bliss is the largest hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Eagle, Wyoming County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 527.

The community is in southern Wyoming County, in the north and central part of the town of Eagle. It is bordered to the north by the town of Wethersfield. Bliss is in the valley of Wiscoy Creek where it is joined by its North Branch. Wiscoy Creek flows east and south to the Genesee River, a tributary of Lake Ontario.

New York State Route 39 passes through the south side of Bliss, following the Wiscoy Creek valley. The highway leads east 6 miles (10 km) to Pike and west 10 miles (16 km) to Arcade. State Route 362 runs through the center of Bliss, starting at Route 39 on the south side and leading north 4 miles (6 km) to Route 78 in Wethersfield.

Wyoming County, New York
Wyoming County is a county in the U.S. state of New York in the state's western area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,531. The county seat is Warsaw. The name is modified from a Lenape (Delaware) Native American word meaning "broad bottom lands". Wyoming County was formed from Genesee County in 1841. Wyoming County is one of New York's mostly agricultural counties. With an estimated 47,500 dairy cows in the county, there are more cattle in Wyoming County than people. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
The Michigan Every Three Weekly
The Michigan Every Three Weekly, also known simply as The Every Three Weekly, is a student publication at the University of Michigan modeled after the satirical news publication The Onion. Named as an homage to student newspaper The Michigan Daily, The Every Three Weekly contains fictional news articles that satirize local, national, and international events and public figures. The Every Three Weekly is funded by the University of Michigan's University Activities Center and began regular publication in 1999.

News satire
News satire or news comedy is a type of parody presented in a format typical of mainstream journalism, and called a satire because of its content. News satire has been around almost as long as journalism itself, but it is particularly popular on the web, with websites like The Onion and The Babylon Bee, where it is relatively easy to mimic a legitimate news site. News satire relies heavily on irony and deadpan humor.

Two slightly different types of news satire exist. One form uses satirical commentary and sketch comedy to comment on real-world events, while the other presents wholly fictionalized news stories.
Alfonso XI of Castile
Alfonso XI (11 August 1311 – 26 March 1350), called the Avenger (el Justiciero), was King of Castile and León. He was the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife Constance of Portugal. Upon his father's death in 1312, several disputes ensued over who would hold regency, which were resolved in 1313.

Once Alfonso was declared an adult in 1325, he began a reign that would serve to strengthen royal power and became known for his victory in the Battle of Rio Salado. While leading a siege against Yusuf I of Granada, he died of the plague in Gibraltar.

Teofilo Ruiz
Teofilo F. Ruiz (born 1943) is a Cuban-American medieval historian and professor currently at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). In 2012, he was awarded the National Humanities Medal by former President Barack Obama. He is consistently rated as one of the most popular professors at UCLA, and has published many books as well as dozens of articles in scholarly journals as well as reviews and smaller articles.
Electrotroph
An electrotroph is a microorganism which can receive electrons necessary for its growth from an electrode (power supply) terminal or other electron donors.

The chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, that lives in ocean thermal vents, has been shown to exhibit electrotrophic behavior in experiments. In particular, it switches the electron source for carbon assimilation from diffusible Fe2+ ions to an electrode under the condition that electrical current is the only source of energy and electrons.

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemolithoautotrophic (uses inorganic chemicals for energy and makes its own organic molecules from carbon dioxide), non-spore forming, Gram-negative organism that resides in extremely acidic environments. It is relatively short in size, measuring 0.4 μ by 0.8 μ, and can appear as single cells or in pairs. The bacterium gained attention for its unique ability to oxidize ferrous iron for energy and capacity to thrive in nutrient poor environments abundant in heavy metals, conditions that are typically aversive to most other microorganisms.