hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kentucky's at-large congressional district
For the 73rd Congress (March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1935), Kentucky did not use a district election format, but instead, elected all representatives in a statewide, at-large manner. The district format was returned during the 74th Congress and has been used in all congressional sessions thereafter. On September 3, 1932 United States District Judge Andrew M. J. Cochran of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky ruled in favor of the plaintiff in Hume v. Mahan, 1 F. Supp. 142 – Dist. Court, ED Kentucky 1932, striking down the "Kentucky Redistricting Act of 1932" passed by the Kentucky General Assembly that had established at-large congressional elections for the 1932 general election.

73rd United States Congress
The 73rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1933, to January 3, 1935, during the first two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. Because of the newly ratified 20th Amendment, the duration of this Congress, along with the term of office of those elected to it, was shortened by 60 days. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census.

The Democrats greatly increased their majority in the House, and won control of the Senate for the first time since the 65th Congress in 1917. With Franklin D. Roosevelt being sworn in as president on March 4, 1933, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta, also for the first time since the 65th Congress.
Park Jung-bum
Park Jung-bum (Korean: 박정범; born 1976) is a South Korean film director, screenwriter and actor. Park wrote, directed, and acted in his directorial debut The Journals of Musan (2011), which won the New Currents Award and FIPRESCI Award at the 15th Busan International Film Festival, Golden Star at the 10th Marrakech International Film Festival, Tiger Award at the 39th International Film Festival Rotterdam, Grand Prize and Young Critics Award at the 47th Pesaro International Film Festival, Jury Prize at the 13th Deauville Asian Film Festival, and more – a total of 17 awards were won at major film festivals around the world since it premiered at the Busan International Film Festival in 2010.

Marrakech International Film Festival Awards
During its closing ceremony, the Marrakech International Film Festival (FIFM) issues awards among the following to the best films, filmmakers and actors in the competition. These awards may or may not be issued every year.
Ross Fork
Ross Fork is a tributary stream of the Snake River in Bannock and Bingham counties in the U.S. state of Idaho. It flows into Clear Creek, which joins the Snake River at the American Falls Reservoir.

The watershed of the creek drains almost entirely within the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, located in southeastern, Idaho. Although once a perennial stream throughout its reach, the creek normally dries up late in the summer. White Bryonia, an exotic plant with poisonous berries and sometimes called the English mandrake, has infested places along the stream. The stream also has issues with erosion. Flows are mostly influenced by spring run off and irrigation diversions managed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as part of the Fort Hall Irrigation Project. The stream also supports genetically pure strains of Yellowstone cutthroat trout. Some of the best examples of the intact Oregon Trail exist along the creek.

American Falls Dam
The American Falls Dam is a concrete gravity-type dam in the western United States, located near American Falls, Idaho, on river mile 714.7 of the Snake River. The dam and reservoir are a part of the Minidoka Project on the Snake River Plain and are used primarily for flood control, irrigation, and recreation. When the original dam was built in the 1920s by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the residents of American Falls were forced to relocate three-quarters of their town to make room for the reservoir.

A second dam was completed in 1978 and the original structure was demolished. Although the dam itself is located in Power County, its reservoir also stretches northeastward into both Bingham County and Bannock County.
St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray (electoral division)
St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray (Cornish: Sen Domynek, Kelliskovarnek ha Kellivrygh) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Calstock and Callington and St Dominic.

2021 Cornwall Council election
The 2021 Cornwall Council election took place on 6 May 2021 as part of the 2021 United Kingdom local elections. It was contested under new division boundaries as the number of seats on the council falls from 123 to 87. The election was won by the Conservative Party, who took an overall majority of seats.
Murugan Devotees Conference
Murugan Devotees Conference is a religious event, to spread globally the principles and teachings of  Murugan, held on 22 June 2025, in Vandiyur in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu in India. It was conducted at Amma Thidal near Vandiyur Toll Plaza. An expo is arranged in the venue of the conference, to display the temporary miniatures of the six abodes of Murugan.

The prototypes of the Six Abodes of Lord Murugan (Arupadai Vedu) of  was displayed at the conference. Murugan represents the essence of Tamil culture, Bharat, and Bhartiya identity, Governor R N Ravi said on Saturday after visiting the venue. As per the latest reports, many devotees reached there via bus, train bookings, motorcycle, or on foot and reached the glory spot from all the districts of the states.

Madurai district
Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist places in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns of the district include Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.
Zip tone
In telephony, a zip tone (also known as a whisper tone or call waiting tone) is a call-progress tone which indicates a new incoming call is either connecting or waiting depending on the application. Unlike a ringtone, which alerts those near a telephone to answer it, a zip tone alerts someone already on the line—for example a telephone operator, call center agent, or telephone subscriber with call waiting service—that action is needed for an incoming call such as pressing a button or reciting a phrase (e.g. "May I help you?"). This way of offering an incoming call to an available call center agent is also referred to as 'call forcing' or 'forced calling'.

Switchboard operator
In the early days of telephony, companies used manual telephone switchboards, and switchboard operators connected calls by inserting a pair of phone plugs into the appropriate jacks. They were gradually phased out and replaced by automated systems, first those allowing direct dialing within a local area, then for long-distance and international direct dialing.
Nyudueh Morkonmana
Nyudueh Morkonmana is a Liberian politician and former Speaker of the House of Representatives of Liberia.

Morkonmana was one of Charles Taylor's associates, and a senior officer of Union of Liberian Associations in the Americas (ULAA) in the 1970s. 
He was a member of NPFL. He was the chairman of the National Elections Commission from 1991 to November 1996.

In 1997, Morkonmana was a senior member of National Patriotic Party of Charles Taylor. He was elected to the House of Representatives from Grand Kru County in 1997. He served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from July 1997 to 2003, when National Transitional Legislative Assembly of Liberia was established.

In 2022, Morkonmana was elected as the interim leader of National Patriotic Party.

National Patriotic Front of Liberia
The National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) was a Liberian rebel group that initiated and participated in the First Liberian Civil War from 24 December 1989 to 2 August 1997. The NPFL emerged out of rising ethnic tensions and civil unrest due to the Liberian government that was characterized by totalitarianism, corruption, and favoritism towards ethnic Krahns. The NPFL invaded Liberia through Ivory Coast's border with Nimba County in Liberia under the direction of Charles Taylor, a former Liberian politician and guerrilla leader who served as the 22nd president of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003.

The NPLF was responsible for a vast array of war crimes and crimes against humanity, including mass murder, rape, sexual slavery, conscription of child soldiers, torture, and political assassinations. Over 60,000 human rights violations committed by the NPFL were formally recorded by the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
1987–88 Floodlit Cup
The 1987–88 Floodlit Cup was the inaugural edition of the Floodlit Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Glentoran won the tournament for the 1st time, defeating Coleraine 1–0 in the final.

Floodlit Cup (Northern Ireland)
The Floodlit Cup (more commonly known as the Budweiser Floodlit Cup, Budweiser Cup or Coca-Cola Cup for sponsorship reasons) was an annual football competition organised by the Irish Football League in the late-1980s and 1990s.
Renewed Presbyterian Church in Mozambique
The Renewed Presbyterian Church in Mozambique was founded by the missionaries of the Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil. The first General Assembly was in 2010. Churches can be found in Sofala, Tete, Manica, Zambezia and Maputo Provinces with 8,700 members and 128 congregations. The headquarters located in Beira, Sofala.
According to the 2013 statistics the church had 243 pastors, 203 evangelists, 16,795 members and 217 congregations.

Sofala
Sofala [suˈfalɐ], at present known as Nova Sofala [ˈnovɐ suˈfalɐ], was a prominent Swahili city-state. It is located on the Sofala Bank in Sofala Province of Mozambique. The first recorded use of this port town was by Mogadishan merchants. One possible etymology for Sofala is "go and cultivate" or " go and dig" in the Somali language, showing the city as a hub for gold.
Wayne Fitzgerald
Wayne Fitzgerald (March 19, 1930 – September 30, 2019) was an American film title designer. Over a career that spanned 55 years, he designed close to five hundred motion picture and television main and end title sequences for top directors such as Francis Ford Coppola, John Huston, Mike Nichols, Robert Redford, Roman Polanski, Arthur Penn, Michael Cimino, Warren Beatty, Herbert Ross, John Hughes, and Quentin Tarantino.

ArtCenter College of Design
The ArtCenter College of Design is a private art college in Pasadena, California.

It was incorporated in 1930 as a degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual arts and design. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor of Arts, and Doctor of Science degrees across multiple majors mostly relating to design.
Juanito Oiarzabal
Juan Eusebio Oiarzabal Urteaga (born 30 March 1956), commonly known as Juanito Oiarzabal, is a noted Spanish Basque mountaineer. He has written four books on the subject. He was the 6th man to reach all 14 eight-thousander summits, and the third to do so without supplemental oxygen. He was the first person to climb the top three summits twice (Everest + K2 + Kangchenjunga) and the oldest climber to summit Kangchenjunga, at almost 53, until Carlos Fontan did so in 2014, at 75 years old. 
In 2004, he lost all his toes to frostbite after summiting K2.

In 2009, he announced wanting to become the first person in history to reach a "double 14", summiting each 8000er twice. In April 2010 he reached 24 eight-thousanders, after climbing Annapurna, a world record. In 2011 he climbed Lhotse for a second time, which was his 25th eight-thousander. He is second all-time for 8000er ascents behind Nepali climber Phurba Tashi Sherpa, who has 30.

Phurba Tashi
Phurba Tashi Sherpa Mendewa (Nepali: फूर्वा तासी शेर्पा, 1971) is a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer known for his numerous ascents of major Himalayan peaks. These include 21 ascents of Mount Everest, six on Cho Oyu, eight on Manaslu, and one each on Shishapangma and Lhotse.
Classificatory disputes about art
Art historians and philosophers of art have long had classificatory disputes about art regarding whether a particular cultural artifact or manmade object should be classified as art. Disputes continue about what does and does not count as art.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
J. Leonard Rose
John Leonard Rose (March 25, 1882 – March 31, 1969) was an American attorney and politician who served in the California State Assembly. He represented the 34th district, which at the time included portions of Alameda County.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
Bulbus glandis
The bulbus glandis (also called a bulb or knot) is an erectile tissue structure on the penis of canid mammals. During mating, immediately before ejaculation the tissues swell up to lock (tie) the male's penis inside the female. The locking is completed by circular muscles just inside the female's vagina; this is called "the knot" tightening thus preventing the male from withdrawing. The circular muscles also contract intermittently, which has the effect of stimulating ejaculation of sperm, followed by prostatic fluid, as well as maintaining the swelling of the penis and therefore the tie, for some time. For domestic dogs the tie may last up to half an hour or more, though usually less. When male canines are sexually excited, the bulbus glandis may swell up inside the penile sheath, even if the dog has been neutered.

The bulbus glandis also occurs in the penises of some pinnipeds, including South American fur seals.

South American fur seal
The South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) breeds on the coasts of Peru, Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. The total population is around 250,000. However, population counts are sparse and outdated. Although Uruguay has long been considered to be the largest population of South American fur seals, recent census data indicates that the largest breeding population of A. a. australis (that breeds in Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina, Uruguay) are at the Falkland Islands (estimated pup abundance ~36,000)  followed by Uruguay (pup abundance ~31,000). The population of South American fur seals in 1999 was estimated at 390,000, a drop from a 1987 estimate of 500,000 - however a paucity of population data, combined with inconsistent census methods, makes it difficult to interpret global population trends.
Yamilé Aldama
Yamilé Aldama Pozo (Arabic: جميلة الداما; born 14 August 1972) is a Cuban-born triple jumper. She represented Cuba until 2003, Sudan from 2004 to 2010, then Great Britain from 2011 onwards. A four-time Olympian (2000–12), she won a silver medal at the 1999 World Championships and a gold medal at the 2012 World Indoor Championships.

1999 World Championships in Athletics
The 7th World Championships in Athletics (Spanish: Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 1999), a World Athletic Championships event held under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, between the August 20 and August 29.

One of the main highlights of the games was the world record set in the 400 metres by Michael Johnson of the United States in a time of 43.18 seconds.
Bagra Tawa
Bagra Tawa is a village in Narmadapuram district of Madhya Pradesh State of India.

The Bagra Tawa railway station of the village lies on the Jabalpur - Itarsi railway line of Western Central Railway Zone of Indian Railway.

Hoshangabad district
Hoshangabad district (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦoːʃəŋgaːbaːd̪]), officially Narmadapuram district (Hindi: [n̪əɾməd̪aːpʊɾəm]), is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India, and Hoshangabad city is the district headquarters.
AC block
An AC block, whose full name is alternating current block, also known as AC block container, is a container that integrates power conversion systems (PCSs) with batteries. First introduced in 2022, these devices are mainly used in the energy storage industry. AC block products are mainly composed of PCSs, thermal management and other components, as well as cabling. It is seen as an alternative to the DC block container.

Currently, the number of companies that manufacture AC blocks is limited. The main manufacturers of such products include Sungrow, NV Energy, Fluence, and Wärtsilä. Although this product type was not introduced until 2022, this emerging product design is gaining increasing popularity in the battery energy storage industry.

NV Energy
NV Energy is a public utility which generates, transmits and distributes electric service in northern and southern Nevada, including the Las Vegas Valley, and provides natural gas service in the Reno – Sparks metropolitan area of northern Nevada. Based in Las Vegas, Nevada, it serves about 1. 3 million customers and over 40 million tourists annually.

MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (now Berkshire Hathaway Energy), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, acquired NV Energy in a transaction completed on December 19, 2013. When the merger was announced, the companies stated that NV Energy would continue to be based in Las Vegas under its then-current name. Prior to the acquisition by MidAmerican, the company's common stock was listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol NVE.
Margo Kaplan
Margo Kaplan is a professor at Rutgers Law School.

Kaplan received her bachelor's degree from Cornell University in 2000, her Master in Public Administration from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government in 2004, and her Juris Doctor from New York University School of Law in 2004.

New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.
George Brown & Co
George Brown & Co. Limited (George Brown & Co. (Marine) Limited from 1937) 
was a ship building and repair company which operated from the Garvel Park Shipyard, Greenock, Scotland. It was
incorporated in 1901 by its eponymous founder, formerly general manager of Denny's Shipyard in Dumbarton.  The first ship built by the company was the Princess Beara, built for the Bantry Bay Steamship Company and launched 24 June 1901, and the last was Wilton, a buoy tender for the Tees & Hartlepool Port Authority which was launched on 17 December 1982.

The company was liquidated in 1983 as a result of its failure to secure new orders and its assets auctioned on 24 February 1983.

Dumbarton
Dumbarton (/dʌmˈbɑːrtən/; Scots: Dumbairton, Dumbartoun or Dumbertan; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatann [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ən̪ˠ] or Dùn Breatainn [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ɪɲ], meaning 'fort of the Britons') is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. In 2006, it had an estimated population of 19,990.

Dumbarton was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde, and later the county town of Dunbartonshire.
Dumbarton Castle, on top of Dumbarton Rock, dominates the area. Dumbarton was a royal burgh between 1222 and 1975.

Dumbarton emerged from the 19th century as a centre for shipbuilding, glassmaking, and whisky production. However, these industries have since declined, and Dumbarton today is increasingly a commuter town for Glasgow 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of it. Dumbarton F.C. is the local football club.
Dimroth rearrangement
The Dimroth rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction taking place with certain 1,2,3-triazoles where endocyclic and exocyclic nitrogen atoms switch place. This organic reaction was discovered in 1909 by Otto Dimroth.

With R a phenyl group the reaction takes place in boiling pyridine for 24 hours.

This type of triazole has an amino group in the 5 position. After ring-opening to a diazo intermediate, C-C bond rotation is possible with 1,3-migration of a proton.

Certain 1-alkyl-2-iminopyrimidines also display this type of rearrangement.

In the first step is an addition reaction of water followed by ring-opening of the hemiaminal to the aminoaldehyde followed by ring closure.

A known drug example of the Dimroth rearrangement includes in the synthesis of Bemitradine [88133-11-3].

Diazo
In organic chemistry, the diazo group is an organic moiety consisting of two linked nitrogen atoms at the terminal position.  Overall charge-neutral organic compounds containing the diazo group bound to a carbon atom are called diazo compounds or diazoalkanes and are described by the general structural formula R2C=N+=N−. The simplest example of a diazo compound is diazomethane, CH2N2.  Diazo compounds (R2C=N2) should not be confused with azo compounds (R−N=N−R) or with diazonium compounds (R−N+2).