hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Falcon 9 B1050
Falcon 9 B1050 was a reusable first-stage booster for the orbital-class Falcon 9 vehicle manufactured by SpaceX. It launched on December 5, 2018. A grid fin malfunction occurred shortly after the entry burn, resulting in the booster performing a controlled landing in the ocean.

Following this anomaly on its maiden and only flight, B1050 was scrapped for parts. It is believed its cold gas thrusters, as well as some of its electronics, were used for SpaceX's Starhopper prototype.

Booster (rocketry)
A booster is a rocket (or rocket engine) used either in the first stage of a multistage launch vehicle or in parallel with longer-burning sustainer rockets to augment the space vehicle's takeoff thrust and payload capability. Boosters are traditionally necessary to launch spacecraft into low Earth orbit (absent a single-stage-to-orbit design), and are especially important for a space vehicle to go beyond Earth orbit. The booster is dropped to fall back to Earth once its fuel is expended, a point known as booster engine cut-off (BECO).

Following booster separation, the rest of the launch vehicle continues flight with its core or upper-stage engines. The booster may be recovered, refurbished and reused, as was the case of the steel casings used for the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters.
Bernardino Genga
Bernardino Genga (1620–1690) was a scholar of Classical medical texts, editing several works of Hippocrates. He also had a great interest in the preparation of anatomical specimens as well as the anatomy of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. These interests led to his work at the French Academy in Rome, where he taught anatomy to artists.

French Academy in Rome
The French Academy in Rome (French: Académie de France à Rome, pronounced [akademi də fʁɑ̃s a ʁɔm]) is an academy located in the Villa Medici, within the Villa Borghese, on the Pincio (Pincian Hill) in Rome, Italy.
Wabi-sabi
In traditional Japanese aesthetics, wabi-sabi (侘び寂び) centers on the acceptance of transience and imperfection. It is often described as the appreciation of beauty that is "imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete". It is prevalent in many forms of Japanese art.

Wabi-sabi combines two interrelated concepts: wabi (侘) and sabi (寂). According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, wabi may be translated as "subdued, austere beauty", and sabi as "rustic patina". Wabi-sabi derives from the Buddhist teaching of the three marks of existence (三法印, sanbōin), which include impermanence (無常, mujō), suffering (苦, ku), and emptiness or absence of self-nature (空, kū).

Characteristics of wabi-sabi aesthetics and principles include asymmetry, roughness, simplicity, economy, austerity, modesty, intimacy, and the appreciation of natural objects and the forces of nature.

Impermanence (Buddhism)
Impermanence, called anicca in Pāli and anitya in Sanskrit, appears extensively in the Pali Canon as one of the essential doctrines of Buddhism. The doctrine asserts that all of conditioned existence, without exception, is "transient, evanescent, inconstant".

Anicca is one of the three marks of existence—the other two are Duḥkha (suffering or dissatisfaction) and Anattā (the lack of a lasting essence).

Anicca is in contrast to Nibbana, the reality that is nicca, or knows no change, decay or death.
27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot
The 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot was an Irish infantry regiment of the English Army and then the British Army, formed in 1689. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 108th (Madras Infantry) Regiment of Foot to form the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in 1881.

Battle of Nivelle
The Battle of Nivelle (10 November 1813) took place in front of the river Nivelle near the end of the Peninsular War (1808–1814). After the Allied siege of San Sebastian, Wellington's 80,000 British, Portuguese and Spanish troops (20,000 of the Spaniards were untried in battle) were in hot pursuit of Marshal Soult who had 60,000 men to place in a 20-mile perimeter, (32.1 km) which presented strong defensive positions. The French troops were overextended and could not have reserves behind them. After the Light Division, the main British army was ordered to attack and the 3rd Division split Soult's army in two. By two o'clock, Soult was in retreat and the British in a strong offensive position. Soult had lost another battle on French soil and had lost 4,500 men to Wellington's 5,500.
Robert Paus Platt
Robert Paus Platt OBE (born 1905 in England, died 22 July 1946 in Jerusalem) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator. He served as undersecretary in the mandatory government of the British Mandate of Palestine. As the deputy of the chief secretary he was one of the highest-ranking government officials in Mandatory Palestine, after the chief secretary and the high commissioner. He was among the 91 victims of the King David Hotel bombing, along with seven of his assistant secretaries. He was the highest-ranking British official to be killed in the attack. Prior to his work in Palestine he had been an assistant secretary (divisional manager) at the Colonial Office in London and served for eleven years in the administration of the Kenya Colony, including as assistant colonial secretary.

Kenya Colony
The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, commonly known as British Kenya or British East Africa, was a colony part of the British Empire located in East Africa from 1920 until 1963. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in 1920. Technically, the "Colony of Kenya" referred to the interior lands, while a 16-kilometre (9.9 mi) coastal strip, nominally on lease from the Sultan of Zanzibar, was the "Protectorate of Kenya", but the two were controlled as a single administrative unit. The colony came to an end in 1963 when a native Kenyan majority government was elected for the first time and eventually declared independence.

However, Kenya is sometimes referred to as the "Scottish Colony" due to the fact that William Mackinnon, the founder of the Imperial British East Africa Company that was governing Kenya, was a native of Scotland.
Langbeinite
Langbeinite is a potassium magnesium sulfate mineral with the chemical formula K2Mg2(SO4)3. Langbeinite crystallizes in the isometric-tetartoidal (cubic) system as transparent colorless or white with pale tints of yellow to green and violet crystalline masses. It has a vitreous luster. The Mohs hardness is 3.5 to 4 and the specific gravity is 2.83. The crystals are piezoelectric.

The mineral is an ore of potassium and occurs in marine evaporite deposits in association with carnallite, halite, and sylvite.

It was first described in 1891 for an occurrence in Wilhelmshall, Halberstadt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and named for A. Langbein of Leopoldshall, Germany.

Langbeinite gives its name to the langbeinites, a family of substances with the same cubic structure, a tetrahedral anion, and large and small cations.

Related substances include hydrated salts leonite (K2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O) and picromerite (K2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O).

Cubic crystal system
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.

There are three main varieties of these crystals:

Primitive cubic (abbreviated cP and alternatively called simple cubic)

Body-centered cubic (abbreviated cI or bcc)

Face-centered cubic (abbreviated cF or fcc)

Note: the term fcc is often used synonymously for the cubic close-packed or ccp structure occurring in metals. However, fcc stands for a face-centered cubic Bravais lattice, which is not necessarily close-packed when a motif is set onto the lattice points. E.g. the diamond and the zincblende lattices are fcc but not close-packed.
Each is subdivided into other variants listed below. Although the unit cells in these crystals are conventionally taken to be cubes, the primitive unit cells often are not.
Fathi Arafat
Fathi Arafat (Arabic: فتحي عرفات; January 11, 1933 – December 1, 2004) was a Palestinian physician and a founder and long-term chairman of the Palestine Red Crescent Society. Born in Cairo, he studied medicine at Cairo University from 1950 until 1957 and thereafter practiced as a pediatrician in Egypt, Kuwait and Jordan. He was a younger brother of Palestinian president Yasser Arafat.

Arafat became a member of the Palestinian National Council in 1967. From 1968 he was also President of Palestine General Union of Physicians and Pharmacists. He served as Chief Delegate for Palestine to the World Health Organization from 1982 onwards. From 1992 he was President of the Palestine Academy for Science and Technology (formerly Palestine Academy for Scientific Research) and President of the Palestine Higher Health Council.

Arafat died in Cairo on December 1, 2004, from stomach cancer, less than a month after the death of his brother Yasser.

Palestinian National Council
The Palestinian National Council (PNC; Arabic: المجلس الوطني الفلسطيني, romanized: Al-majlis Al-wataniu Al-filastiniu) is the legislative body - in Arabic, the Majlis - of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The PNC is intended to serve as the parliament that represents all Palestinians inside and outside the Palestinian territories, and all sectors of the worldwide Palestinian community, including political parties, popular organizations, resistance movements, and independent figures from all sectors of life.

The Council met formally 20 times in the 27 years between 1964 and 1991. Since the Oslo Accords, the council met formally only twice: in 1996 and 2018.

The PNC is intended to be responsible for formulating the policies and programs for the PLO, and elects the PLO Executive Committee, which assumes leadership of the organization between its sessions. Resolutions are passed by a simple majority with a quorum of two-thirds. The PNC elects its own Chairman.
2024–25 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Pays de la Loire
The 2024–25 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Pays de la Loire was the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the leagues of the Pays de la Loire region of France took part in the main competition from the seventh round.

A total of eleven teams qualified from the Pays de la Loire preliminary rounds.

In 2023–24, FC Challans and Les Herbiers VF both progressed to the Round of 64, before losing to higher tier opposition at home. Challans were defeated 4–0 by Ligue 2 side Rodez AF, whilst Les Herbiers were knocked out on penalties by Championnat National side LB Châteauroux on penalties, after a 2–2 draw.

Les Herbiers VF
Les Herbiers Vendée Football (French pronunciation: [lez‿ɛʁbje vɑ̃de futbol]) is a French football club based in Les Herbiers, Vendée. It was founded in 1919. They play at the Stade Massabielle, which has a capacity of 5,000 people. The colours of the club are red and black.

From the 2015–16 season, the club has played in the Championnat National, the highest level the club has ever reached.
2011 Doha Diamond League
The 2011 Doha Diamond League was the 13th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Doha, Qatar. Held on 6 May at Suheim bin Hamad Stadium, it was the opening leg of the 2011 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

Suheim bin Hamad Stadium
The Suheim bin Hamad Stadium (Arabic: ملعب سحيم بن حمد), also known as Qatar SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar. Currently used mostly for football matches, it is home of the football team Qatar Sports Club.
I Want a Dog
I Want a Dog is a children's book written and illustrated by Dayal Kaur Khalsa, originally published by Tundra Books and Clarkson N. Potter in 1987. The cover painting of the original book, which was also featured in the film version, is based on Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat. The book's main character was named after May Cutler, founder of its Canadian publisher, Tundra.

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (French: Un dimanche après-midi à l'Île de la Grande Jatte) was painted from 1884 to 1886 and is Georges Seurat's most famous work. It is recognised as a leading example of pointillist technique, executed on a large canvas, it is a founding work of the neo-impressionist movement.

Seurat's composition includes a number of Parisians at a park on the banks of the River Seine. It is held in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Partridge Brook
Partridge Brook is a 7.5-mile-long (12.1 km) stream located in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.

Partridge Brook begins at the outlet of Spofford Lake at Spofford village in the town of Chesterfield, New Hampshire. The brook flows east, then north, then northwest, into the town of Westmoreland, before reaching the Connecticut River.

In Westmoreland, the brook is subject to New Hampshire's Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
T'iwu
T'iwu (Aymara, also spelled Tibo) is a 4,104-metre-high (13,465 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, San Pedro de Totora Province. T'iwu lies north of Mañasu. The Juch'us Jawira ("slim river") originates south of the mountain. It flows to the northwest.

Oruro Department
Oruro (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾuɾo]; Quechua: Uru Uru; Aymara: Ururu) is a department of Bolivia, with an area of 53,588 km2 (20,690 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178.
Delting
Delting is a civil parish and community council area on Mainland, Shetland, Scotland. It includes the Sullom Voe oil terminal and its main settlements are Brae, Mossbank and Voe.

The parish, as described in 1882–1884, included the islands of Bigga (co-owned with the civil parish of Yell), Fishholm, Brother Isle, Little Roe, and Muckle Roe; of these only Muckle Roe was at that time inhabited. The landward area "varies in breadth from 3 to 6 miles, being much intersected by voes or arms of the sea". Brae House, an early 1800s Shetland merchant's house and a B-rated building, is located in Delting.

Sullom Voe, the location of the Sullom Voe oil terminal and Shetland Gas Plant is an inlet of the North Sea between the parishes of Delting and Northmavine.

Brother Isle
Brother Isle (Old Norse: breiðare øy meaning broad beach island) is a small, uninhabited island in Shetland, Scotland. It lies between the islands of Yell and Shetland Mainland. It is 40 hectares (99 acres) in size.
Agra (surname)
Agra is a Galician and Portuguese surname, most frequently found in Brazil and the Rías Baixas area of Spain. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Agra (born 1963), Filipino former acting Secretary of Justice

Alfonso Agra (born 1959), Spanish actor

Bruno Agra (born 1980), Brazilian musician

Carmen Agra Deedy, Cuban-American children's author

Maria de Fátima Agra (born 1952), Brazilian botanist

Nélson Agra (born 1991), Portuguese footballer

Salvador Agra (born 1991), Portuguese footballer

Maria de Fátima Agra
Maria de Fátima Agra (born 1952) is a Brazilian botanist and associate professor at the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Agra specializes in ethnobotany, pharmacognosy, and plant morphology, particularly pertaining to plants of the family Solanaceae in northeastern Brazil.
Metadynamics
Metadynamics (MTD; also abbreviated as METAD or MetaD) is a computer simulation method in computational physics, chemistry and biology. It is used to estimate the free energy and other state functions of a system, where ergodicity is hindered by the form of the system's energy landscape. It was first suggested by Alessandro Laio and Michele Parrinello in 2002 and is usually applied within molecular dynamics simulations. MTD closely resembles a number of newer methods such as adaptively biased molecular dynamics, adaptive reaction coordinate forces and local elevation umbrella sampling. More recently, both the original and well-tempered metadynamics were derived in the context of importance sampling and shown to be a special case of the adaptive biasing potential setting. MTD is related to the Wang–Landau sampling.

PLUMED
PLUMED is an open-source library implementing enhanced-sampling algorithms, various free-energy methods, and analysis tools for molecular dynamics simulations. It is designed to be used together with ACEMD, AMBER, DL_POLY, GROMACS, LAMMPS, NAMD, OpenMM, ABIN, CP2K, i-PI, PINY-MD, and Quantum ESPRESSO, but it can also be used together with analysis and visualization tools VMD, HTMD, and OpenPathSampling.

In addition, PLUMED can be used as a standalone tool for analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories. A graphical user interface named METAGUI is available.
Brekov Castle
Brekov Castle (Slovak Hrad Brekov or Brekovský hrad, Hungarian Barkó vára) is a ruined Gothic and Renaissance era stone castle above the village of Brekov in Humenné District, Prešov Region, in east Slovakia. It is a hilltop castle located on a cone-shaped hill with a limestone bedrock, in an altitude of approximately 280 m (918 ft) above sea level. The eponymous village at the foot of the castle hill was founded as an adjoined castle settlement, similarly to several other villages in the region. Brekov and Brekov Castle lie in the traditional region of Zemplín. The castle is listed in the National Cultural Heritage list of the Monuments Board of the Slovak Republic.

Castle town
A castle town is a settlement built adjacent to or surrounding a castle. Castle towns were common in Medieval Europe.  Castle towns were sometimes made by the people who made the castle. Some examples include small towns like Alnwick and Arundel, which are still dominated by their castles. In Western Europe, and England particularly, it is common for cities and towns that were not castle towns to instead have been organized around cathedrals.

Towns organized around Japanese castles are called jōkamachi (城下町). Castles are typically built near towns to gain and equip supplies.
Aurelio Dalla Vecchia
Aurelio Dalla Vecchia (18 November 1958 – 18 April 2024) was a sailor from Naples, Italy who represented his country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Gianluca Lamaro and fellow crew member Valerio Romano they took the 9th place. Aurelio took also part in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Busan, South Korea. With same team they took the 13th place in the Soling.

Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Soling
The Soling was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics program in Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California. Seven races were scheduled. 66 sailors, on 22 boats, from 22 nations competed.
Geoffray Durbant
Geoffray Steven Durbant (born 19 May 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Championnat National 2 club Chambly. Born in metropolitan France, he plays for the Guadeloupe national team.

Championnat National
The Championnat National (English: French National Championship), commonly referred to as simply National or Division 3, is the third division of the French football league system behind Ligue 1 and Ligue 2. Contested by 18 clubs, the Championnat National operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Ligue 2 and the Championnat National 2, the fourth division of French football.

Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 34 games each, totalling 306 games in the season. Most games are played on Fridays and Saturdays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the second week of January.
Masayoshi Miwa
Masayoshi Miwa (三輪 正義, Miwa Masayoshi; born January 23, 1984 in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan) is a former Japanese professional  baseball player. He played for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of the Nippon Professional Baseball(NPB).

On September 17, 2019, Miwa announced his retirement.

Shimonoseki
Shimonoseki (Japanese: 下関市, Hepburn: Shimonoseki-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2023, the city had an estimated population of  248,193 in 128,762 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 716.18 square kilometres (276.52 sq mi). It is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the Chūgoku region in terms of population. It is nicknamed the 'home of Fugu' for the locally caught and cooked pufferfish, and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.
1986 European Badminton Championships
The 1986 European Badminton Championships was the 10th edition of the European Badminton Championships. It was held in Uppsala, Sweden, between 30 March and 5 April 1986, and hosted by the European Badminton Union and the Svenska Badmintonförbundet.

Badminton Europe
Badminton Europe (BEC) is the governing body of badminton in Europe. It is one of the five continental bodies under the flag of the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It  has 53 member associations and 1 associate member. It was founded on 27 September 1967 in Frankfurt, Germany.

At its annual meeting held on 8 April 2006 the members decided to change the name from European Badminton Union, to Badminton Europe.
Hipswell Moor
Hipswell Moor is an area used for military training, near Catterick Garrison in North Yorkshire, England. It includes parts of the civil parishes of Barden and Hipswell, as well as Barden Fell hill (316 metres (1,037 ft) a.s.l.).

Barden, Richmondshire
Barden is a hamlet and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England.  It is about 5 miles (8 km) south of Richmond.  According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 49, remaining at less than 100 in the 2011 Census. Population information is kept in the parish of Hauxwell.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Barden Old Hall, in the hamlet, is a grade II* listed building dating from soon after 1400.
Golmud railway station
Golmud railway station, Geermu railway station or Ge'ermu railway station (simplified Chinese: 格尔木站; traditional Chinese: 格爾木站; pinyin: Gé'ěrmù Zhàn) is the main railway station of Golmud in Qinghai (China). The station is located at 2829 m above sea level and opened in 1979.

This is an intermediate station on the Qinghai–Tibet railway and the eastern terminus of the Golmud–Korla railway.

Golmud
Golmud is a county-level city in the Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province, China. It is now the second-largest city in Qinghai and the third largest on the Tibetan Plateau (after Xining and Lhasa). The population in 2020 was 221,863.