hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Efik language
Efik /ˈɛfɪk/ EF-ik (Usem Efịk) is the indigenous language of the Efik people, who are situated in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria, as well as in the north-west of Cameroon. The Efik language is mutually intelligible with other lower Cross River languages such as Ibibio, Anaang, Oro and Ekid but the degree of intelligibility in the case of Oro and Ekid is unidirectional; in other words, speakers of these languages speak and understand Efik (and Ibibio) but not vice versa. The Efik vocabulary has been enriched and influenced by external contact with the British, Portuguese and other surrounding communities such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua).

Dot (diacritic)
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot primarily refers to the glyphs "combining dot above" (◌̇),  and "combining dot below" (◌̣)
which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in 
a variety of languages. Similar marks are used with other scripts.
Ashippun River
The Ashippun River is a 33.2-mile-long (53.4 km) tributary of the Rock River in southeastern Wisconsin in the United States.  The Ashippun's watershed lies in Dodge, Washington and Waukesha counties. Its tributaries include Mud Run, Dawson Creek and Davey Creek.

Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Waukesha County (/ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 406,978, making it the third-most populous county in Wisconsin. Its median income of $88,985 placed it as the only county in Wisconsin on the list of the 100 highest-income counties in the U.S. by median income as of 2020. Its county seat and largest city is Waukesha.

Waukesha County is included in the Milwaukee metropolitan area, and is one of the three WOW counties.
Alp Er Tunga
Alp Er Tunga or Alp Er Tonga (Alp  "brave, hero, conqueror, warrior", Er "man, male, soldier, Tom", Tonga/Tunga "Siberian tiger") is a mythical Turkic hero who was mentioned in Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, Yusuf Balasaguni's Kutadgu Bilig and in the Vatican manuscript of Oghuznama by an unknown writer.

The Karakhanids claimed to have descended from Alp Er Tunga.

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
The Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk (Arabic: ديوان لغات الترك; translated to English as the Compendium of the languages of the Turks) is the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages, compiled between 1072–74 by the Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, who extensively documented the Turkic languages of his time.
Churton (surname)
Churton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward Churton (1800–1874), English clergyman and scholar

Edward Churton (bishop) (1841–1912), bishop of Nassau

Henry Churton (1843–1904), bishop of Nassau

Maud Churton Braby, born Maud Churton (1876–1932), English author born in China

Ralph Churton (1764–1831), English clergyman, academic and biographer

Theodore Churton (1853–1915), English clergyman

Tobias Churton, British scholar

William Churton (died 1767), American surveyor

William Ralph Churton (1837–1897), English clergyman

Theodore Churton
Christianity portal

Theodore Townson Churton was an Anglican priest in the early  20th century.

He was born into an ecclesiastical family on 24 April 1853 and educated at New College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1883 and was Curate of Holy Trinity, Hastings until his appointment to his father's old parish at Icklesham in 1891.  He was Archdeacon of Lewes from 1908 to 1912 and then of Hastings until his death on 1 June 1915.
The Southern Aegis, and Harford County Intelligencer
The Southern Aegis, and Harford County Intelligencer was a conservative Unionist newspaper which was published from March 22, 1862, to March 11, 1864, in Bel Air, Maryland by a prominent local lawyer, A.W. Bateman. After purchasing the paper as a pro-Confederate publication titled The Southern Aegis from John Cox in 1862, Bateman slightly altered the name of the paper as well as its political stance. In 1864, the title was again changed to the simplified The Aegis & Intelligencer, and Frederick W. Baker became the new publisher and editor. Baker sold The Aegis & Intelligencer to John D. Worthington, Sr. in 1904, but kept its name until 1923, when it was changed to The Aegis.

Bel Air, Maryland
Bel Air is a town and the county seat of Harford County, Maryland, United States. According to the 2020 United States census, the population of the town was 10,661.

The United States Census Bureau defines an urban area in northeast Maryland in which Bel Air is the principal settlement: the Bel Air–Aberdeen urban area had a population of 214,647 as of the 2020 census, making it the 180th most populous in the United States.
Eloy d'Amerval
Eloy d'Amerval (fl. 1455 – 1508) was a French composer, singer, choirmaster, and poet of the Renaissance.  He spent most of his life in the Loire Valley of France.  From his poetic works, especially his enormous 1508 poem Le livre de la deablerie, it can be inferred that he knew most of the famous composers of the time, even though his own musical works never approached theirs in renown.

Music of France
In France, music reflects a diverse array of styles. In the field of classical music, France has produced several prominent romantic composers, while folk and popular music have seen the rise of the chanson and cabaret style. The oldest playable musical recordings were made in France using the earliest known sound recording device in the world, the phonautograph, which was patented by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1857. France is also the 5th largest market by value in the world, and its music industry has produced many internationally renowned artists, especially in the nouvelle chanson and electronic music.
Star Media Group (Turkey)
Star Media Group (Star Medya Grubu, STAR Medya Yayıncılık A.Ş.) is a Turkish media group. Among other properties, it owns the Star newspaper and the television channel Channel 24.

The company was co-founded by Ahmet Özal and Cem Uzan and was previously part of the Uzan Holding. In 2004 Star was seized by the Turkish government, along with the other assets of the Uzan Group. The paper was transferred to the TMSF, and then sold several times. It is now again part of the Star Media Group, which was acquired by Nihat Özdemir of Rixos from Ethem Sancak in 2009, with Tevhit Karakaya acquiring 50% in 2010.

In May 2013, 50% of the Group was sold to Azerbaijan's SOCAR oil company.

Media conglomerate
A media conglomerate, media company, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, video games, amusement parks, or the Internet. Despite ownership over several companies and diverse mediums, by definition, media conglomerates only maintain holdings over media and not other enterprises.

Some media conglomerates use their access in multiple areas to share various kinds of content such as: news, video and music, between users. The media sector's tendency to consolidate has caused formerly diversified companies to appear less diverse to prospective investors in comparison with similar companies that are traded publicly and privately. Therefore, the term media group may also be applied, however, it has not yet replaced the more traditional term.
Fife Witches Trail
The Fife Witches Trail is a series of plaques located along the Fife Coastal Path, commemorating the women executed as witches there in the 16th to 18th centuries. The plaques are located in the villages of Culross, Valleyfield and Torryburn.

The Trail is an initiative of the West Fife Heritage Network, led by local councillors Kate Stewart and Julie Ford. The plaques, illustrated discs cast in bronze, were created by Differentia Designs. The Trail was launched at a ceremony on Culross village green on 7 September 2020.

Fife Coastal Path
The Fife Coastal Path is a Scottish long distance footpath that runs from Kincardine to Newburgh along the coastline of Fife. The path was created in 2002, originally running from North Queensferry to Tayport. It was extended in 2011 with a new section running from Kincardine to North Queensferry, then again in 2012 from Tayport to Newburgh. The path, which usually takes between one week and 10 days to walk in full, now runs for 187 kilometres (116 mi). The Fife Coastal Path is managed and maintained by Fife Coast and Countryside Trust, a registered environmental charity, and is designated as one of Scotland's Great Trails by NatureScot. About 500,000 people use the path every year, of whom about 35,000 walk the entire route.
Post and Telegraph Signals
Ceylon Post and Telegraph Signals Corps was a departmental corps of the Ceylon Defense Force from 1943 to 1945 and of the Ceylon Volunteer Force 1955 to 1956. It was formed in February 1946, from the Post and Telegraph Signals Unit of the Ceylon Engineers Corps. It was disbanded following the disbanding of the Ceylon Defence Force on 11 April 1949 and formation of the Ceylon Army by Army Act No. 17 of 1949 which revoked the Ceylon Defence Force Ordinance of 1910. The corps was reformed in 1955 with staff from the Department of Post and Ceylon Telegraph Department. The government hoped to minimized the effects to the Post and Telegraph services in the event of trade union action (strikes were common) by mobilizing the personnel attached to this unit. However it was disbanded in 1956 when the leftist S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike became prime minister.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
Władysław Stecyk
Władysław Stecyk (born 14 July 1951 in Radowo Małe) is a Polish wrestler who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics, 1980 Summer Olympics and 1988 Summer Olympics.

Silver medalist at the 1980 Summer Olympics in wrestling in 52 kg category (flyweight).

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
Dave Pecko
Dave Pecko (born June 11, 1966) is an American professional former stock car racing driver who competed in the NASCAR Featherlite Modified Tour from 1998 to 2001.

Pecko has previously competed in series such as the SMART Modified Tour and the Race of Champions Asphalt Modified Tour.

NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
The NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour (NWMT) (previously the NASCAR Winston Modified Tour and NASCAR Featherlite Modified Series from 1985 until 2005) is a modified stock car racing series owned and operated by NASCAR in the Modified Division.  The Modified Division is NASCAR's oldest division, and is the only open-wheeled division that NASCAR sanctions. NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour events are mainly held in the northeastern United States, but the 2007 and 2008 tours expanded to the Midwest with the addition of a race in Mansfield, Ohio. The tour races primarily on short oval paved tracks, but the NWMT also has made appearances at larger ovals and road courses.
Phir Subah Hogi (TV series)
Phir Subah Hogi (International title: Breaking Free) is an Indian soap opera series that was being aired on Zee TV from 2012 to 2013. It was mainly about the Bediya community of the Bundelkhand region, Madhya Pradesh. It was shot in Wai village near Mahabaleshwar.

The show was dubbed in English and aired on Zee World on DSTv channel 166.

Mahabaleshwar
Mahabaleshwar (pronunciationⓘ) is a small town and a municipal council in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. It is a place of pilgrimage because the Krishna River, which considered sacred by Hindus, has its origin here along with five of its tributaries. The British colonial rulers developed the town as a hill station, and it served as the summer capital of the Bombay Presidency during the colonial rule.
Nonpresent tense
A nonpresent tense (abbreviated NPRS) is a grammatical tense that distinguishes a verbal action as taking place in times past or future, as opposed to present tense.

The constructed language Ithkuil has such a tense (RTI (Relative Timeline Indicator), degree 5, suffix -lt).

Constructed language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally emerge from human interaction, is intentionally devised by a person or group for a particular purpose. The term constructed language is often shortened to conlang and, as a relatively broad term, it encompasses subcategories including: fictional, artificial, engineered, planned and invented languages. Conlangs may include aspects reminiscent of natural language including phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary. Interlinguistics includes the study of constructed languages.
Stranraer Lifeboat Station
Stranraer Lifeboat Station is located at Foreland Place, Stranraer, a port town which sits at the bottom end of Loch Ryan, on the north side of the isthmus joining the Rhins of Galloway double-headed peninsula to the mainland, formerly in Wigtownshire, now in the administrative region of Dumfries and Galloway.

A D-class (RFD PB16) Inshore lifeboat was first stationed at Stranraer by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 4 June 1974.

The station currently operates a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, Sheila MacDonald (D-833), on station since 2018.

Rhins of Galloway
The Rhins (or Rhinns) of Galloway is a double-headed peninsula in southwestern Scotland. It takes the form of a hammerhead projecting into the Irish Sea, terminating in the north at Corsewall and Milleur Points and in the south at the Mull of Galloway (the southernmost point of Scotland). It is connected to the rest of Wigtownshire by an isthmus, washed on the north by Loch Ryan and on the south by Luce Bay. From end to end, the peninsula measures 28 miles (45 kilometres). It takes its name from the Gaelic word rinn, meaning "point".

The principal settlements are Stranraer at the head of Loch Ryan and the small tourist village of Portpatrick on the west coast. Other villages are dotted up and down the peninsula, including Kirkcolm, Leswalt, Lochans, and, in the South Rhins, Stoneykirk, Sandhead, Ardwell, and Drummore.
Wilson Run (Kipps Run tributary)
Wilson Run (also known as Wilsons Run or Wilson's Run) is a tributary of Kipps Run in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 3.6 miles (5.8 km) long and flows through Rush Township and Riverside. The watershed of the stream has an area of 3.27 square miles (8.5 km2). The drainage basin is considered to be a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. At least three bridges cross the stream and a mill historically existed on it. Sandstone has been observed in its vicinity.

Rush Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
Rush Township is a township that is located in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population at the time of the 2010 Census was 1,122, a decline from the figure of 1,189 that was tabulated in 2000.
Port-Salut
Port-Salut (French pronunciation: [pɔʁ saly] ⓘ; Haitian Creole: Pòsali) is a coastal commune in the Sud department of Haiti.

Port-Salut is a popular destination for local Haitians, as well as tourists, due to the surrounding beaches.

Port-Salut is the hometown of Haiti's former president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who was born there in 1953, and is also the hometown of former prime minister, Jean-Marie Cherestal.

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
Tanners' Tower
The Tanners' Tower (Romanian: Turnul Tăbăcarilor, German: Gerberturm) in Sighişoara, belonging to  Mureș County, Romania, was built around the 13th –14th centuries in the southeastern part of the city. It has a square plan, with a small, sloping roof in a single direction. This tower was supposed to guard and protect the courtyard of the Clock Tower.

Its shape and position retracted behind the wall recommend it as one of the old towers, perhaps even the first one of the city. This tower with archaic aspect was not affected in any way by the fire in 1676. To defend the tower, tanneries used to have: a double arquebuse as well as a simple one, a musket, three hundred pounds of gunpowder and some cannonballs

46°13′07″N 24°47′33″E﻿ / ﻿46.21860°N 24.79256°E﻿ / 46.21860; 24.79256

Musket
A musket is a muzzle-loaded long gun that appeared as a smoothbore weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating plate armour. By the mid-16th century, this type of musket gradually disappeared as the use of heavy armour declined, but musketeers continued as the generic term for smoothbore long sticks until the mid-19th century. In turn, this style of musket was retired in the 19th century when rifled muskets (simply called rifles in modern terminology) using the Minié ball (invented by Claude-Étienne Minié in 1849) became common. The development of breech-loading firearms using self-contained cartridges, introduced by Casimir Lefaucheux in 1835, began to make muskets obsolete. The first reliable repeating rifles, the 1860 Henry rifle and its 1866 descendant the Winchester rifle, superseded muskets entirely. Repeating rifles quickly established themselves as the standard for rifle design, ending the era of the musket.
2001 World Championships in Athletics – Men's triple jump
These are the results of the Men's triple jump event at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

In the first round, Walter Davis took the lead with a 17.20m.  Now 35 years old, world record holder and 1995 champion Jonathan Edwards lurked in second place with a 16.84m.  Early in the second round Yoel García moved into the lead with a 17.40m.  Christian Olsson moved into second with a 17.28m.  With his next jump, Olsson took the lead with a 17.47m.  The next jumper on the runway was Edwards.  His masters world record 17.92 m (58 ft 9+1⁄2 in) was more than a foot further than all but one of these jumpers had ever achieved.  In the fifth round, Igor Spasovkhodskiy, who was only 7th at the end of the preliminary jumps, leapfrogged past Garcia with a 26 cm improvement in his personal best, 17.44m to take the bronze.

Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)
Jonathan David Edwards (born 10 May 1966) is an English former triple jumper. He is an Olympic, double World, European, European indoor and Commonwealth champion, and has held the world record in the event since 1995. Edwards is widely regarded as the greatest triple-jumper in history.

Following his retirement as an athlete, Edwards has worked as a sports (primarily athletics) commentator and presenter for BBC television, before moving to Eurosport. In 2011, he was elected President of the Wenlock Olympian Society. He was a member of the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games for the 2012 games.
Lists of massacres in Palestine (region)
The following lists describe massacres that have occurred in Palestine, broadly defined, including but not limited to the State of Palestine:

For massacres that took place in Jerusalem, see List of massacres in Jerusalem

For modern history:

For massacres that took place in the British Mandate for Palestine, see List of killings and massacres in Mandatory Palestine.

For massacres that took place during the 1948 Palestine war, see Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war.

For massacres that have occurred in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip since 1953, see List of massacres in Palestine.

For ancient history:

For massacres that took place in classical Judea, see List of massacres in Roman Judea.

For massacres that took place prior to the British Mandate, see List of massacres in Ottoman Syria.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
Walloon orthography
The Walloon language has been written using various orthographies over its history, most notably the Feller system (sistinme Feller) and Common Walloon (rifondou walon or rfondou walon).

The Feller system was developed to transcribe Walloon dialects by Jules Feller and was first published in 1900. In the Feller system, the same word can be spelled differently depending on dialect: the word "fish" would be spelled pèchon by a speaker who pronounces the word as [pɛʃɔ̃] (with an 'sh' sound), but would be spelled pèhon by a speaker who pronounces the word as [pɛhɔ̃] (with an 'h' sound). In Common Walloon, however, the same word "fish" is always spelled pexhon, regardless of the speaker's pronunciation. The Common Walloon alphabet, developed through the 1990s, attempts to unify spellings across dialects, and revives some older graphemes (such as ⟨xh⟩) which were abandoned by Feller in favor of spellings which resembled standard French.

Voiceless postalveolar fricative
A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "sh" sound in "ship".

The International Phonetic Association uses the phrase voiceless postalveolar fricative for the sibilant sound [ ʃ ], though technically it also describes the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠̊˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences.
Seventh Street (horse)
Seventh Street is a chestnut mare foaled in 2005 out of the sire Street Cry from the Meadowlake dam Holiday Runner, she was bred by Godolphin Stable and is owned by same. Racing for her stables in 2009 the filly burst onto the racing scene winning the grade I Go For Wand Handicap (2009) and Apple Blossom Handicap (2009).  She is trained by Saeed bin Suroor

Apple Blossom Handicap
The Apple Blossom Handicap is a Grade I American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares that are four years old or older, run under handicap conditions over a distance of one and one-sixteenth miles on the dirt track held annually in April at Oaklawn Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas.  The 2024 running carried a purse of $1,250,000.