hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Libéma Open
The 2022 Libéma Open was a professional tennis tournament played on the outdoor grass courts at Autotron Rosmalen in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands from 6 June to 12 June 2022. It was the 31st edition of the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships and was classified as an ATP 250 event on the men's 2022 ATP Tour and a WTA 250 event on the women's 2022 WTA Tour. The tournament was previously held in 2019 after the COVID-19 pandemic forced the double postponement of the event.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Engineering Society of Detroit
The Engineering Society of Detroit (also known as ESD) is a regional engineering association, headquartered in Southfield, Michigan, serving engineers and related technical professionals in Southeast Michigan. The Society was founded in 1895 by a group of graduates from the University of Michigan, originally calling it the Detroit Association of Graduate Engineers.

Individual Members of ESD can be elected to the grade of "Fellow" by the ESD Board of directors.  The existing College of Fellows nominates candidates for the consideration of the Board of directors.  Fellows are designated by the post-nominal FESD. Notable Fellows of ESD have included or do include Alex Dow, Henry Ford, Henry Ford II, Lee Iacocca, Albert Kahn, Keith Crain, Dr. David Cole and G. Richard Wagoner, Jr.

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
1871 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1871 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1871. Incumbent Republican Governor William Claflin did not run for a fourth term in office. He was succeeded by Republican U.S. Representative William B. Washburn, who defeated Democrat John Quincy Adams II.

John Quincy Adams II
John Quincy Adams II (September 22, 1833 – August 14, 1894) was an American politician who represented Quincy in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1866 to 1867, 1868 to 1869, 1871 to 1872, and from 1874 to 1875.

Adams served as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War under Governor John Albion Andrew of Massachusetts. Later in life, he left the Republican Party in 1867 for the Democratic Party.
Edward Windley
Sir Edward Henry Windley KCVO KCMG (10 March 1909 – 5 January 1972) was a British colonial administrator who served as the second-to-last Governor of the Gambia, from 1958 to 1962, before it achieved independence from the United Kingdom.

Gambia Independence Act 1964
The Gambia Independence Act 1964 (. 93) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that gave independence to The Gambia with effect from 18 February 1965.  The act also provided for the continued right of appeal from the Gambian courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which was abolished in 1998 when Yahya Jammeh decided to reorganise the Gambian judiciary under the 1997 Constitution of The Gambia, which replaced the 1970 Constitution of The Gambia that had been suspended after the 1994 Gambian coup d'état on 22 July 1994.
Artemidorus of Tralles
Artemidorus (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμίδωρος) of Tralles was a noted fighter of ancient Greece who lived in the 1st century CE.

He was known to have excelled at the pankration. The writer Pausanias relates that Artemidorus initially competed in the boys' division of the event, but lost owing to his having been too young. Pausanias further describes that he returned several years later and dominated the boys' division in the 212th Olympiad of the ancient Olympic Games (around 69 CE), and in the same Olympiad, after some encouragement, went on to fight and succeed in the adult division as well, emerging as the victor in the men's division. Pausanias also suggests Artemidorus was given the motivation to win after suffering some slight or insult from one of the adult competitors.

He is also mentioned in the epigrams of the writer Martial.

Combat sport
A combat sport, or fighting sport, is a contact sport that usually involves one-on-one combat. In many combat sports, a contestant wins by scoring more points than the opponent, submitting the opponent with a hold, disabling the opponent (knockout, KO), or attacking the opponent in a specific or designated technique. Combat sports share a long history with the martial arts.

Some combat sports (and their national origin) include boxing (Greek-British), Brazilian jiu-jitsu (Japanese-Brazilian), catch wrestling (British-American), jujutsu (Japanese), judo (Japanese), freestyle wrestling (British-American), Greco-Roman wrestling (French), karate (Chinese-Okinawan-Japanese), kickboxing (numerous origins, mainly Southeast Asian), Lethwei (Burmese), mixed martial arts (numerous origins), Muay Thai (Thai), sambo (Soviet/Russian), sanda (Chinese), savate (French), taekwondo (Korean), Vale Tudo (Brazilian), pankration (Ancient Greek), luta livre (Brazilian), and folk wrestling (various).
Martin Dimitrov
Martin Dimitrov (Bulgarian: Мартин Димитров, born 13 April 1977 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian politician and former Member of the European Parliament. He was the leader of the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) from 2008 to 2012.

Stanishev Government
The eighty-ninth cabinet of Bulgaria, also known as the Three-party coalition cabinet (Bulgarian: Тройната коалиция) and the Stanishev Government, ruled from August 16, 2005, to July 27, 2009. The cabinet was formed with the coalition of the three leading at that time: BSP, NDSV and DPS, in order of their parliamentary representation. Their parliamentary representation also determined the number of cabinet appointments (8:5:3 respectively).
9th Grahovo Brigade
9th Grahovo Brigade (Serbian: 9. grahovska laka pješadijska brigada; 9. граховска лака пјешадијска бригада; 9th Grahovo light infantry brigade) was a light infantry brigade of the 2nd Krajina Corps of the Army of Republika Srpska founded in 1992 in Bosansko Grahovo during the Bosnian War. The Croatian offensive Operation Summer '95 destroyed most of the brigade, leaving only remnants of the brigade. During the war, the brigade lost 186 soldiers.

Light infantry
Light infantry refers to certain types of lightly equipped infantry throughout history. They have a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as heavy infantry or line infantry. Historically, light infantry often fought as scouts, raiders, and skirmishers. These are loose formations that fight ahead of the main army to harass, delay, disrupt supply lines, engage the enemy's own skirmishing forces, and generally "soften up" an enemy before the main battle. Light infantrymen were also often responsible for screening the main body of a military formation.

Following World War II, the term "light infantry" has evolved to include rapid-deployment units (including commando and airborne units) that emphasize speed and mobility over armor and firepower. Some units or battalions that historically held a skirmishing role retain their designation "light infantry" for the sake of tradition.
Bürkliplatz, Zurich
Bürkliplatz is a town square in Zurich, Switzerland. It is named after Arnold Bürkli, and is one of nodal points of the road and public transportation, and of the lake shore promenades that were built between 1881 and 1887. The tree-shaded square between Bahnhofstrasse and Fraumünsterstrasse is called Stadthausanlage.

Cedrus libani
Cedrus libani, commonly known as cedar of Lebanon, Lebanon cedar, or Lebanese cedar (Arabic: أرز لبناني, romanized: ʾarz lubnāniyy), is a species of large evergreen conifer in the genus Cedrus, which belongs to the pine family and is native to the mountains of the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Known for its longevity, height, and durable wood, it has held profound significance for millennia. The tree features in ancient Mesopotamian and Israelite literature, notably in the Hebrew Bible, according to which the tree was used in the construction of the Jerusalem Temple by Solomon, who received the trees from Hiram of Tyre. Today, it is the national emblem of Lebanon and is widely used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens.
Bienvenidos (Venezuelan TV series)
Bienvenidos (Spanish for "Welcome") is a Venezuelan sketch comedy television show. Produced and hosted by Miguel Ángel Landa, the show was produced by Venevisión from 1982 until 2001, when the show moved to Televen for its final season. It has been taped both at Venevisión's studios and on location across Venezuela.

Televen
Televen (a contraction of Televisión Venezolana and legally known as Corporación Televen C.A.) is a private Venezuelan national television network headquartered on the Caracas neighborhood of Horizonte. For this reason it is also called 'Canal de Horizonte'. Televen was inaugurated on July 10, 1988, by Omar Camero Zamora and T Radioven, S.A. As an alternative for the two-leading-private television channels, Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) and Venevision, Televen distanced itself from this trend and made a different oriented programming in some cases the middle classes who do not usually watch TV and it was open and being composed of talk shows, sports, movies, a full range of series, mainly American, and Brazilian, Colombian, Mexican, and U.S. Hispanic telenovelas, and in the 1990s, anime.
Thirumazhapadi Vaidyanathaswami Temple
Thirumazhapadi Vaidyanathaswami Temple
is a Hindu temple located at Thirumazhapadi in Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, as the moolavar presiding deity, in his manifestation as Vaidyanathaswami. His consort, Parvati, is known as Sundarambikai. The historical name of the place is Mazhuvadi.

Ariyalur district
Ariyalur district is an administrative district, one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district headquarters is located at Ariyalur. The district encompasses an area of 1,949.31 km2.

Gangaikonda Cholapuram, built by King Rajendra Chola of Chola Empire, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site situated in this district. The district is also known for its rich prehistoric fossils. Many fossils of gigantic molluscs and jawed fishes, at least one fossilized dinosaur egg, and several fragmentary fossils of sauropod and theropod dinosaurs have been discovered here. An on-site museum is being set up at Keelapazhur to preserve and conserve fossils.  Ariyalur is noted for its cement industries and Jayankondam has huge reserves of lignite.
3-Chloropropionitrile
3-Chloropropionitrile is an organic compound with the formula ClCH2CH2CN.  A colorless liquid, it is prepared by the reaction of hydrogen chloride with acrylonitrile.  It is used commercially as a precursor to the drug famotidine.

It is an alkylating agent, as illustrated by its reaction with imidazoles to give the cyanoethylated imidazolium salts. Similarly, it alkylates thiourea, en route to 3-mercaptopropionitrile.

Hydrogen chloride
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.
Rudy Dekeyser
Rudy Dekeyser was until May 2012 the Managing Director of VIB (the Flanders Institute for Biotechnology). He was until May 2012 head of the technology transfer team of the institute. He obtained a PhD in molecular biology at the University of Ghent.

He was director of DevGen and CropDesign and is a director of the biotech companies Ablynx, Peakadilly, Actogenix, EMBLEM (technology transfer company of EMBL) and FlandersBio. He is also co-founder of ASTP (Association or European Science and Technology Professionals) and visiting professor innovation and management at the University of Ghent.

CropDesign
CropDesign is a biotech company located in Ghent, Belgium. The company develops a portfolio of agronomic traits for the global commercial seed markets. It has developed a technology platform to discover genetic traits for the improvement of corn, rice and other plants. Current managing director is Juergen Logemann.
Nika and Madison
Nika and Madison is a Canadian crime thriller film, directed by Eva Thomas and released in 2025. The film stars Ellyn Jade and Star Slade as the titular Nika and Madison, two indigenous women who are forced on the run after a police officer's attempt to sexually assault Madison leaves the officer hospitalized in a coma.

The cast also includes Shawn Doyle, David Reale, Amanda Brugel, Gail Maurice, Jennifer Podemski and Billy Merasty in supporting roles.

Gail Maurice
Gail Maurice is a Canadian actress, writer, producer, and director. She is most noted for her performances as the title character in the film Johnny Greyeyes, Dorothy Pine in the television series Cardinal, and Georgina in the television series Trickster.
Wat Chedi Sao
Wat Phra Chedi Sao Lang (Thai: วัดพระเจดีย์ซาวหลัง,  lit. 'monastery of twenty stupas' in Lanna Thai) is a Buddhist temple in Lampang, Thailand. The temple is located approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) north of Lampang, and is noted for its series of 20 chedis arranged in a courtyard. The bases of the chedis are built in the Lan Na style, and the upper parts are built in the  Burmese style. The temple also houses a 15th-century solid gold  Buddha image that weighs 1,507 kilograms (3,322 lb).

The name Chedi Sao Lang means 20 Chedis; sao (ซาว) is  Lanna dialect for 'twenty' and lang (หลัง)  is the  classifier for buildings.

Myanmar architecture
The architecture of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), in Southeast Asia, includes architectural styles which reflect the influence of neighboring and Western nations and modernization. The country's most prominent buildings include Buddhist pagodas, stupas and temples, British colonial buildings, and modern renovations and structures. Myanmar's traditional architecture is primarily used for worship, pilgrimage, storage of Buddhist relics, political activism and tourism.
Inishowen East
Inishowen East (Irish: Inis Eoghain Thoir), also called East Inishowen or Innishowen East, is a barony in County Donegal, Ireland. Baronies were mainly cadastral rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in the 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.

Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898
The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict. c. 37) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that established a system of local government in Ireland similar to that already created for England and Wales by the Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 41) and for Scotland by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 50). The act effectively ended landlord control of local government in Ireland.
Pairwise compatibility graph
In graph theory, a graph  is a pairwise compatibility graph (PCG) if there exists a tree  and two non-negative real numbers  such that each node  of  has a one-to-one mapping with a leaf node  of  such that two nodes  and  are adjacent in  if and only if the distance between  and  are in the interval .

The subclasses of PCG include graphs of at most seven vertices, cycles, forests, complete graphs, interval graphs and ladder graphs.  However, there is a graph with eight vertices that is known not to be a PCG.

Ladder graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the ladder graph Ln is a planar, undirected graph with 2n vertices and 3n − 2 edges.

The ladder graph can be obtained as the Cartesian product of two path graphs, one of which has only one edge: Ln,1 = Pn × P2.
Upasane
Upasane (pronunciationⓘ; English: Worship) is a 1974 Kannada musical drama film, directed by Puttanna Kanagal. The film produced by Rashi brothers, is based on the novel of the same name, written by Devaki Murthy. The film mostly had women playing the lead roles, consisting of Aarathi, Leelavathi, M. N. Lakshmi Devi, G. V. Sharadha and Advani Lakshmi Devi. Dr. Govinda Mannur, K. S. Ashwath and Seetharam played the male supporting roles. Actor Seetharam was colloquially named as "Upasane" Seetharam for the rest of his career after the release of this film.

The film dealt with the plight of Sharadha (Aarathi) who intends to pursue her career in classical music. The film went on to win multiple high-profile awards at the Karnataka State Film Awards for the year 1974-75 including Best Film, Best Screenplay and Best Cinematography. Aarathi, who played the protagonist at the age of 19, won the Filmfare Best Actress award.

Karnataka State Film Awards
Karnataka State Film Awards are the most notable and prestigious film awards given for Kannada film industry in Karnataka, India. These are considered the highest awards for Kannada language films. They are given annually by the Government of Karnataka to honor the best talent and to provide encouragement and incentive to the Kannada film industry.

The awards are decided by a committee, headed by a panel of judges. The jury usually consists of eminent film personalities. The awards intend to promote films with artistic value and encourage artists, technicians and producers. The awards are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister of Karnataka.

On 14 November 2016,Chief Minister of Karnataka Siddaramaiah declared that the State Government will present the Karnataka State Film Awards on 24 April, the birthday of thespian Dr. Rajkumar, every year henceforth.
Border Police (Bulgaria)
The Directorate-General for Border Police (Bulgarian: Главна дирекция „Гранична полиция”) is part of the Bulgarian Ministry of the Interior that is responsible for maintaining border controls at the points of entry and security along the land, sea and riverine borders. It is one of the Ministry's five operational services (along with the Directorate-General for National Police, Directorate-General for Combating Organised Crime, Directorate-General for Fire Safety and Civil Protection and the Specialized Counter-Terrorism Force). The current director of the Border Police is Rositsa Dimitrova.

SOBT
The Directorate "Special Operations and Counter Terrorism" (Bulgarian: Специални Операции и Борба с Тероризма) is the tier one police tactical unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Bulgaria (MVR).
USS Oriole (AMCU-33)
USS Oriole (AMCU-33) was a LCI(L)-351-class large landing craft of the United States Navy, later converted to an AMCU-7-class coastal minesweeper.

The ship was laid down on 11 March 1944 at Consolidated Steel Corporation at, Orange, Texas, launched on 5 April 1944, and commissioned on 30 May 1944, as USS LCI(L)-973.

Coastal minesweeper
Coastal minesweeper is a term used by the United States Navy to indicate a minesweeper intended for coastal use as opposed to participating in fleet operations at sea.

Because of its small size—usually less than 100 feet in length—and construction—wood as opposed to steel—and slow speed—usually about 9 or 10 knots—the coastal minesweeper was considered too fragile and slow to operate on the high seas with the fleet.

Minesweeping, in conjunction with fleet activities, was usually relegated to the diesel-driven steel-hulled AM-type minesweepers, later to be replaced by the wood-hulled MSO-type minesweeper with aluminum engines.
Wedderburn railway station
Wedderburn is a former railway station, serving the town of Wedderburn, Victoria, Australia. It was the only station on a short branch line from the Robinvale railway line, the junction itself being named Wedderburn Junction.

The passenger platform was shortened from 35.5m to 6m in 1976.

Wedderburn, Victoria
Wedderburn is a town in Victoria, Australia on the Calder Highway, 217 kilometres (135 mi) north of Victoria's capital city, Melbourne.  At the 2021 census, Wedderburn had a population of 951. It is mainly a farming community but its early residents were gold miners and prospectors.
Thomas Berling
Thomas Berling (born 21 January 1979) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a defender. His retirement from football sparked media attention.

He hails from Drevja. He played for Nardo FK, and joined Lyn ahead of the 1999 season. He played three games in the second highest Norwegian league, and also played for the under-19 national team.

In 2000, he disappeared from professional football. It later surfaced that he had come out as gay, and that he quit football as a result of what he described as widespread homophobia in the football community. In 2001, he briefly came out of retirement, playing for lower league Drøbak/Frogn IF.

Berling's case was cited several times in the upcoming years, as the connection between homophobia and sport was discussed in the national media now and then.

Nardo FK
Nardo Fotballklubb is a Norwegian football club from Trondheim. The men's team currently plays in the 3. divisjon, having been relegated from the 2. divisjon in 2021. The club played on the second tier from 1993 to 1996.
D. Raja Reddy
D. Raja Reddy is an Indian  Neurosurgeon, born on 18 November 1938 at Jangampally Village of Nizamabad district., Andhra Pradesh. He  graduated from Gandhi Medical College, Hyderabad and went on to become a fellow of Royal College of Surgeons (F.R.C.S.,) and fellow of Royal Australian College of Surgeons (F.R.A.C.S.). He served as a Director of Nizam Instite Medical Sciences (NIMS), and is  presently a senior consultant at Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad. In 2010 he co-authored the book Endemic skeletal fluorosis which examines the problem of endemic fluorosis in India.

He is also a numismologist and authority on Deccan coins. He has written 9 books on ancient coins and more than 25 articles on Numismatics. He is one of the founding members of Deccan Archaeological and Cultural Research Institute (DACRI) He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Madras Neuro Trust.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.