hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wągrowiec
Wągrowiec [vɔŋˈɡrɔvjɛt͡s] (German: Wongrowitz) is a town in west-central Poland, 50 kilometres (31 miles) from both Poznań and Bydgoszcz. Since the 18th century, it has been the seat of a powiat. Administratively, it is attached to the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The town is situated in the middle of the ethnographic and historical region of Pałuki within Greater Poland and the Chodzież lake area (Pojezierze chodzieskie), on the river Wełna and its tributaries, Nielba and Struga, as well as on the shores of Durów Lake.

Pałuki
Pałuki (Polish pronunciation: [paˈwukʲi]) is a historic and ethnographic region lying in central Poland, part of Greater Poland neighbouring Pomerania and Kuyavia. In terms of administrative division the region lies in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship and Greater Poland Voivodship. A diverse relief, forests and numerous lakes serve as tourist attractions.

Pałuki is commonly called "the land of 130 lakes" or sometimes even "Little Mazury". The "Piast Trail", leading through several places connected with the origins of the Polish State (Gniezno, Kruszwica), runs across the south of Pałuki. Żnin, Szubin, Kcynia and Barcin are major towns of the regions. Biskupin, Wenecja and Gąsawa also attract visitors.
Nikolai Serno-Solovyevich
Nikolai Alexandrovich Serno-Solovyevich (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Се́рно-Соловье́вич) (13 December 1834 in Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia – 14 February 1866 in Irkutsk) was a Russian publicist and revolutionary who was one of the founders of the far-left organisation Zemlya i Volya.

A radical who rejected both the 1861 reforms and capitalism, seeing revolution as the only way forward for Russia, he was a regular correspondent to different publications of the Free Russian Press. A friend of Alexander Hertzen and Nikolai Ogaryov, as well as Nikolai Chernyshevsky, he became a pivotal link between the Saint Petersburg and the London centres of the Russian revolutionary movement. Arrested on 7 July 1862 alongside Chernyshevsky and taken to the Petropavlovskaya Fortress where he remained until 1865, Serno was deported to Siberia and died in 1866 in Irkutsk.

Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress (Russian: Петропавловская крепость, romanized: Petropavlovskaya krepost') is the original citadel of Saint Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706 to 1740 as a star fortress. Between the first half of the 1700s and early 1920s it served as a prison for political criminals. It has been a museum since 1924.
Disney Channel All Star Party
Disney Channel All Star Party is a party video game based on several Disney Channel franchises, exclusively for Wii. This game uses characters, games, and stages from Phineas and Ferb, Jonas L.A., Sonny with a Chance, Wizards of Waverly Place, Hannah Montana Forever, The Suite Life on Deck, and Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam. It was released in North America on October 26, 2010, and in Europe on November 5. It is published by Disney Interactive Studios and developed by Page 44 Studios. It is the second Disney game to feature Miis as player characters.

Mii
A Mii (/miː/ MEE) is a customizable avatar used by Nintendo on their Wii, Wii U, Nintendo Switch, and Nintendo Switch 2 video game consoles and mobile apps, including the Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS handhelds. The name is a portmanteau of "Wii" and "me", referring to them typically being avatars of the players.

Miis originally debuted on the Wii in 2006, and then later appeared on the Nintendo DS in 2008, the Nintendo 3DS in 2011, the Wii U in 2012, the Nintendo Switch in 2017 and the Nintendo Switch 2 in 2025, as well as various apps for smart devices such as the now-defunct Miitomo in 2016. They competed primarily with Microsoft's Xbox Avatars.
Nightshade Forests
Nightshade Forests is the first EP by the Austrian black metal band Summoning. It consists of three songs left over from the writing sessions for their 1996 album Dol Guldur, as well as the newly written song "Habbanan Beneath the Stars". It was released on 3 June 1997, through Napalm Records.

Napalm Records
Napalm Records is an Austrian independent record label focused on heavy metal, hard rock and folk/folk rock/folk metal. Originally, Napalm focused on black metal bands, such as Abigor and Summoning, and folk metal bands, such as Falkenbach and Vintersorg. The label later expanded its roster by adding gothic metal, symphonic metal, power metal, doom metal, metalcore and nu metal bands, as well as stoner rock acts Monster Magnet, Karma to Burn and Brant Bjork, thrash metal bands Exodus, Destruction and Flotsam and Jetsam, and even folk bands like Ye Banished Privateers. Napalm has its own publishing house named Iron Avantgarde Publishing.

In November 2020, Napalm acquired the German record label SPV GmbH.
The Hylozoists
The Hylozoists are a Canadian instrumental rock supergroup formed in 2001 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The band's name is derived from hylozoism, and it was founded as a side project by record producer and multi-instrumentalist Paul Aucoin.

Great Lake Swimmers
Great Lake Swimmers is a Canadian folk rock band from Wainfleet, Ontario, and currently based in Toronto.

The current touring line-up is Tony Dekker on lead vocals, acoustic guitar and harmonica, Erik Arnesen on banjo, electric guitar and harmonium, Ryan Granville-Martin on drums and backing vocals, Bret Higgins on upright bass and Kelsey McNulty on keyboards and backing vocals. Past members included Julie Fader on backing vocals, Sandro Perri on guitar, and Greg Millson and Colin Huebert on drums.

The band's style has been compared to Red House Painters, Nick Drake, Iron & Wine and Neil Young, as well as Will Oldham (Bonnie "Prince" Billy) and Sufjan Stevens. Dekker has cited influences including Gram Parsons and Hank Williams.
Round Hill School
The Round Hill School for Boys was a short-lived experimental school in Northampton, Massachusetts. It was founded by George Bancroft and Joseph Cogswell in 1823. Though it failed as a viable venture — it closed in 1834 — it was an early effort to elevate secondary education in the United States for the sons of the New England elite. The incompatibility of the two founders was a fundamental cause of the eventual dissolution of the project.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
2017 Bengaluru Open – Doubles
Saketh Myneni and Sanam Singh were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Mikhail Elgin and Divij Sharan won the title after defeating twin brothers Ivan and Matej Sabanov 6–3, 6–0 in the final.

Mikhail Elgin
Mikhail Nikolayevich Elgin (Russian: Михаил Николаевич Елгин, romanized: Mikhail Nikolayevich Yelgin, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil jɪlˈɡʲin]; born 14 October 1981) is a Russian professional tennis player.

Elgin became famous when he advanced to the quarter–finals in singles at the 2008 St. Petersburg Open, where he lost to Victor Hănescu from Romania 1–6, 4–6.
HMS Tempest (N86)
HMS Tempest (N86) was a T-class submarine of the Royal Navy. She was laid down by Cammell Laird & Co Limited, Birkenhead and launched in June 1941, serving in the Mediterranean theatre until 13 February 1942, when she was sunk by the Regia Marina while on patrol the Gulf of Taranto by the Spica class torpedo boat Circe.

Gulf of Taranto
The Gulf of Taranto (Italian: Golfo di Taranto; Tarantino: Gurfe de Tarde; Latin: Sinus Tarentinus) is a gulf of the Ionian Sea, in Southern Italy.

The Gulf of Taranto is almost square, 140 km (87 mi) long and wide, making it the largest gulf in Italy, and it is delimited by the capes Santa Maria di Leuca (to the east, in Apulia) and Colonna (the ancient Lacinium, to the west, in Calabria), encompassed by the three regions of Apulia, Basilicata and Calabria. The most important rivers are the Basento, the Sinni, and the Agri.

The main cities on the gulf are Taranto and Gallipoli. Also the Greek colonies (Magna Graecia) of Kroton, Heraclea, Thurii, and Sybaris were founded on the Gulf of Taranto.

Italy claims the whole gulf as national waters, thus closed to international traffic. This position, which is similar to that of Libya on the Gulf of Sidra, is not recognized by some other countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom.
Meralco Power Spikers
The Meralco Power Spikers were a women's volleyball team in the Philippines owned by Meralco. The team was established in 2013 and originally competed in the Shakey's V-League (SVL) before moving to the Philippine Super Liga (PSL) in 2015.

Shakey's V-League
The Shakey's V-League was a non-professional volleyball league in the Philippines established in 2004. It began as a women's collegiate league with teams coming from the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation (CESAFI), among others. Corporate clubs and other non-collegiate teams began participation in 2011.

A men's division was included in its 21st conference (2014). It served as the precursor of the Spikers' Turf, the following year.

In December 2016, the league renamed itself and transitioned into the current professional entity — Premier Volleyball League, parting ways with its prime sponsor, Shakey's Pizza.
At Eighteen
At Eighteen (Korean: 열여덟의 순간) is a 2019 South Korean television series directed by Shim Na-yeon starring Ong Seong-wu, Kim Hyang-gi, Shin Seung-ho, and Kang Ki-young. The series marks Ong's first official lead role. It aired on JTBC from July 22 to September 10, 2019.

Shim Na-yeon
Shim Na-yeon (Korean: 심나연; born 1987), also credited as Sim Na-yeon, is a South Korean director known for directing the television series Beyond Evil (2021), The Good Bad Mother (2023), and Good Boy (2025).
Emanuel Synagogue (Sydney)
Emanuel Synagogue, founded as The Congregation of the Temple Emanuel in 1938, is a Pluralist synagogue in Woollahra, New South Wales, Australia. Emanuel Woollahra Preschool (founded as Temple Emanuel Kindy in 1956) is located on the synagogue campus. Emanuel Synagogue is the largest congregation in Australia with more than 3,500 members offering programs and services across the Progressive, Masorti and Renewal streams of Judaism.

Australia's well-known General, Paul Cullen, was instrumental in the temple's founding, including helping to select its first rabbi.

In May 2018, the synagogue was the first Australian Jewish synagogue to host a gay wedding.

Paul Cullen (general)
Major General Paul Alfred Cullen, AC, CBE, DSO & Bar, ED (13 February 1909 – 7 October 2007) was a senior officer in the Australian Army. He joined the Militia in 1927 and saw active service throughout the Second World War, distinguishing himself as a fighting battalion commander on the Kokoda Track. Post war, he continued to serve in the Citizen Military Forces (CMF) and rose to the rank of major general as the CMF Member of the Military Board.

In civil life he was founder of Mainguard, Australia's first merchant bank; founder and first chairman of Austcare; a noted philanthropist and refugee advocate.
Þóra Magnúsdóttir
Þóra Magnúsdóttir (Old Norse: [ˈθoːrɑ ˈmɑɣnuːsˌdoːtːez̠], Modern Icelandic: [ˈθouːra ˈmaknusˌtouhtɪr̥]; Modern Norwegian: Tora Magnusdatter; born c. 1100) was a daughter of King Magnus III of Norway (Magnus 3 Olavsson Berrføtt).

Þóra married an Icelandic man and moved to Iceland. Her husband, Loftur Sæmundsson was a chieftain of Oddi at Rangárvellir in the south part of Iceland. He was  a member of the Oddaverjar clan and son of Icelandic priest and scholar Sæmundur fróði Sigfússon. Their son Jón Loftsson was later chieftain at Oddi.

Descendants of Loftur and Þóra included Þuríður Sturludóttir (born c. 1228), who married  Hrafn Oddsson (born c. 1225), a descendant of Skallagrímur Kveldúlfsson (Skalla-Grímr), the father of skald Egill Skallagrímsson. With the birth of Jón korpur Hrafnsson, the feuding clans of the Fairhair  and Skalla-Grímr dynasties were united.

Oddaverjar
The Oddaverjar (Old Norse: [ˈodːɑˌwerjɑz̠]; Modern Icelandic: [ˈɔtːaˌvɛrjar̥]) were a powerful family clan in the medieval Icelandic Commonwealth. They were based in Oddi at Rangárvellir in South Iceland. Their ascendancy was during the second half of the 12th century, but their power subsequently waned. They play only a minor role in the Icelandic civil war during the Age of the Sturlungs. Only after the signing of the Gamli sáttmáli ("Old Covenant") did they oppose the influence of Gissur Þorvaldsson, Earl of Iceland.

The Oddverjar traced their roots to the first Icelandic settlers. The first known Oddaverji was Sæmundur Sigfússon fróði ("Sæmundur The Knowledgeable"), an early 12th century scholar.
Belper Hockey Club
Belper Hockey Club is a field hockey club that is based at Belper Meadows in Belper, Derbyshire. The club was founded in 1908.

The club runs eight men's teams  with the first XI playing in the Men's England Hockey League Division 1 North  and six women's teams  with the first XI playing in the Women's England Hockey League Division One North.

Women's England Hockey League
The Women's England Hockey League is a field hockey league organised by England Hockey that features women's teams from England.  From 2011–2020 it was sponsored by Investec and was referred to as the Investec Women's Hockey League.
Volvo P80 platform
The Volvo P80 platform was a Swedish mid-size unibody automobile platform developed and produced by Volvo Cars. It was in use from 1991 to 2005. It is designed for different wheelbases in front-wheel drive configurations and was adapted to all wheel drive. It debuted with the 1991 Volvo 850. Although heavily modified by TWR, the same basic chassis was used as the underpinnings for the C70. After the model year 2000 most P80 models were replaced by their P2 successors, with the exception of the C70 convertible which remained in production until 2005. A total of 1,360,522 cars based on this platform were built.

The platform utilises a front engine transaxle design with engines and gearboxes mounted transversely on a subframe. Only straight 5 engines were offered. A front subframe and front MacPherson struts were used and either Volvo's patented Deltalink rear axle on FWD models or Volvo's Multi-Link rear suspension with an independent rear subframe on AWD models.

Volvo C70
The Volvo C70 is a two-door car which was manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2013 across two generations.

The first generation (1996–2005) was available as both a coupé (1996–2002) and softtop convertible (1997–2005). The second generation (2006–2013) was available as a retractable hardtop convertible.
Balestier Khalsa FC
Balestier Khalsa Football Club is a professional football club based in Toa Payoh, Singapore, that competes in the Singapore Premier League. Founded in 1898, the club is considered as the oldest football club in the country. The club has won the Singapore Cup, Singapore League Cup and the Singapore FA Cup once each.

Balestier Khalsa is the fourth oldest club in the Asia continent and is the oldest club in the Southeast Asia region.

Singapore FA Cup
The Singapore Football Association Cup, (also known as the FAS FA Cup), is an annual football competition in Singapore. After the Singapore Cup and earlier League Cup, the Singapore FA Cup is the third major cup competition in Singapore.
Künstlerroman
A Künstlerroman (German pronunciation: [ˈkʏnstlɐ.ʁoˌmaːn]; plural -ane), meaning "artist's novel" in English, is a narrative about an artist's growth to maturity. It could be classified as a sub-category of Bildungsroman: a coming-of-age novel. According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, one way a Künstlerroman may differ from a Bildungsroman is its ending, where a Künstlerroman hero rejects the everyday life, but a Bildungsroman hero settles for being an ordinary citizen. According to Oxford Reference, the difference may lie in a longer view across the Künstlerroman hero's whole life, not just their childhood years. A novel specifically about a female artist is a Künstlerinroman.

Oxford Reference
Oxford Reference (OR) is a research website launched by Oxford University Press (OUP) in 2012 which provides entries from reference works largely published by OUP, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, and companions. It was preceded by Oxford Reference Online (ORO), which was launched in 2002.
Afkhami
Afkhami is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Behrooz Afkhami (born 1956), Iranian film director and screenwriter

Gholam Reza Afkhami (1936–2024), Iranian historian

Mahnaz Afkhami (born 1941), Iranian academic, activist, and writer

Shahruz Afkhami (born 1962), Iranian politician

Mahnaz Afkhami
Mahnaz Afkhami (Persian: مهناز افخمی; born January 14, 1941) is an Iranian women's rights activist who served in the Cabinet of Iran from 1976 to 1978. She is founder and president of Women's Learning Partnership (WLP), executive director of the Foundation for Iranian Studies and former Minister of Women's Affairs in Iran's pre-Revolution government.  She has lived in exile in the United States since 1979.

Afkhami has been an advocate for women's rights since the 1970s. She has founded and headed several international non-governmental organizations focused on advancing the status of women in Iran and later around the world. She has lectured and published extensively on the international women's movement, women's human rights, women in leadership, women and technology, the status of women in Muslim-majority societies and on women's participation in civil society-building and democratization. Her books have been translated into multiple languages and distributed internationally.
William Hunter (Asiatic Society)
William Hunter (1755 in Montrose, Angus – 1812) was an official and minister in India, then secretary to the Asiatic Society in Calcutta, Bengal. He made one of the first Bible translations into Hindi.

He studied at the University of Aberdeen and went to India in 1781. He succeeded John Borthwick Gilchrist as the secretary of the Asiatic Society in 1804 and in 1805 was made the Secretary of the college.

John Gilchrist (linguist)
John Borthwick Gilchrist FRSE (19 June 1759 – 9 January 1841) was a Scottish surgeon, linguist, philologist and Indologist. Born and educated in Edinburgh, he spent most of his early career in India, where he made a study of the local languages. In later life, he returned to Britain and lived in Edinburgh and London. In his final years, he moved to Paris, where he died at the age of 81.

He is principally known for his study of the Hindustani language, which led to it being adopted as the lingua franca of northern India (including present-day Pakistan) by British colonists and indigenous people. He compiled and authored An English-Hindustani Dictionary, A Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language, The Oriental Linguist, and many more. His lexicon of Hindustani was published in Arabic script, Nāgarī script, and in Roman transliteration. He is also known for his role in the foundation of University College London and for endowing the Gilchrist Educational Trust.
Hakudō Kobayashi
Hakudō Kobayashi (小林はくどう, Kobayashi Hakudō; July 2, 1944)  is a Tokyo-based artist working in video and sculpture. He is best known for his work as a promoter of citizen video work. Kobayashi is also Representative Director of the NPO Shimin ga Tsukuru TVF (Community-made TVF) which runs the annual Tokyo Video Festival. He taught at Seian University of Art and Design from 1992-2010.

Ginza
Ginza (/ˈɡɪnzə/ GHIN-zə; Japanese: 銀座 [ɡindza]) is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, located south of Yaesu and Kyōbashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yūrakuchō and Uchisaiwaichō, and north of Shinbashi. It is a popular upscale shopping area of Tokyo, with numerous internationally renowned department stores, boutiques, restaurants and coffeehouses located in the vicinity.

Ginza was a part of the old Kyobashi ward of Tokyo City, which, together with Nihonbashi and Kanda, formed the core of Shitamachi, the original downtown center of Edo (Tokyo).
Gardyne Castle
The Gardyne Castle is a 16th-century tower house in Angus, Scotland. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south-west of Friockheim. The castle is still in use as a family home, and is protected as a Category A listed building.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Aldag
Aldag is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Aldag (1905–1974), Australian rules footballer

John Aldag (born 1963), Canadian politician

Peter Aldag (born 1965), German sailor

Roger Aldag (born 1953), Canadian football player

Rolf Aldag (born 1968), German cyclist

Edward K Aldag, Jr (born 1963), American Businessman, founder of Medical Properties Trust, Inc.,

Rolf Aldag
Rolf Aldag (born 25 August 1968) is a German former professional road bicycle racer who rode for Team Telekom from 1993 to 2005. He raced in 10 Tour de France, 1 Giro d'Italia and 5 Vuelta a España. Prior to joining Telekom, he raced with Helvetia. Beginning in 2020, Aldag works as directeur sportif for the Canyon–SRAM team. In 2007 Aldag admitted to doping by having used Erythropoietin (EPO) from 1995 to 1999.
Mathieu Martinez
Mathieu Martinez (born May 26, 1982) is a French Nordic combined skier who has competed since 2002. He finished sixth in the 4 x 5 km team event at the 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo and earned his best individual finish of 18th in the 7.5 km sprint at the 2003 in Val di Fiemme.

Martinez has a total of seven individual victories from 2001 to 2005, all in various World Cup B events. His best individual World Cup finish was eighth in a 7.5 km sprint event in Finland in 2002.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).