hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beneduce Vineyards
Beneduce Vineyards (/ˌbɛnəˈduːtʃi/ BEN-ə-DOO-chee) is a winery in the Pittstown section of Alexandria Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. A family farm since 2000, the vineyard was first planted in 2009, and opened to the public in 2012. Beneduce has 10 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 4,000 cases of wine per year. The winery is named after the family that owns it.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Palakariya Cove
Palakariya Cove (Bulgarian: залив Палакария, romanized: zaliv Palakariya, IPA: [ˈzalif pɐɫɐˈkarijɐ]) is a 3.2 km wide cove indenting for 2 km the northwest coast of Liège Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  Entered south of Bebresh Point.

The cove is named after Palakariya River in western Bulgaria.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Charles H. Weeks
Charles H. Weeks (c. 1837 – ?) was an American sailor who fought in the Union Navy aboard the USS Montauk during the American Civil War. He was awarded the Medal of Honor which awarded to him for actions as a captain of the foretop off Port Royal, South Carolina on 21 September 1864.

USS Montauk (1862)
The first USS Montauk was a single-turreted Passaic-class monitor in the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

It saw action throughout the war.  It was used as the floating prison for the conspirators in the Abraham Lincoln assassination and was the site of the autopsy and identification of assassin John Wilkes Booth.
How to Have Sex in an Epidemic
How to Have Sex in an Epidemic: One Approach is a 1983 manual by Richard Berkowitz and Michael Callen, under the direction of Joseph Sonnabend, to advise men who have sex with men (MSM) about how to avoid contracting the infecting agent which causes AIDS. It was among the first publications to recommend the use of condoms to prevent the transmission of STDs in men having sex with men, and has even been named, along with Play Fair!, as one of the foundational publications in the advent of modern safe sex.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Carmen Miranda Museum
The Carmen Miranda Museum (Museu Carmen Miranda), located in Brigadeiro Eduardo Gomes Park (Flamengo Park), is dedicated to honoring the life and career of singer and actress Carmen Miranda. Open to the public since 1976, the museum was officially inaugurated on the 21st anniversary of her death.

The museum was closed to visitors in 2013 but reopened to the public on August 4, 2023, following renovation work. Part of its collection—168 items, including turbans, costumes, and various accessories—is available for online viewing on the “We Wear Culture” platform, launched by Google Arts & Culture.

Google Arts & Culture
Google Arts & Culture (formerly Google Art Project) is an online platform of high-resolution images and videos of artworks and cultural artifacts from partner cultural organizations throughout the world, operated by Google.

It utilizes high-resolution image technology that enables the viewer to tour partner organization collections and galleries and explore the artworks' physical and contextual information. The platform includes advanced search capabilities and educational tools.

A part of the images are used within Wikimedia; see the Commons category Google Art Project works by collection.
Mitri Raheb
Mitri Raheb (Arabic: متري الراهب) is a Palestinian Christian, the pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Christmas Church in Bethlehem (a member church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land, or ELCJHL), and the founder and president of the Diyar Consortium, a group of Lutheran-based, ecumenically-oriented institutions serving the Bethlehem area.

Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land (ELCJHL) is a Lutheran denomination that has congregations in Jordan and the Palestinian Authority. First recognized as an autonomous religious community by King Hussein in 1959, the church currently has 2,500 members in six congregations.

The current bishop is Sani Ibrahim Azar, who was elected in 2017 and consecrated as bishop on 14 January 2018. The bishop emeritus, Munib Younan, retains an official role. Younan is the former president of the Lutheran World Federation (2010–2017), and remains a member of the ELCJHL Council.
Bluebird bio
bluebird bio, Inc., based in Somerville, Massachusetts, is a biotechnology company that develops gene therapies for severe genetic disorders. The company is owned by investment funds managed by The Carlyle Group and SK Capital Partners.

One of the company's approved drugs is betibeglogene autotemcel (Zynteglo), which treats transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia (TDT), a rare genetic blood disorder, and has been approved for use by the European Medicines Agency. The company has been criticized for the $1.8 million cost of the drug, which is the second most expensive drug in the world.

The company is developing LentiGlobin gene therapy for the treatment of sickle cell disease and cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. It is also developing T cell product candidates to treat acute myeloid leukemia, Merkel-cell carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and MAGEA4 solid tumors.

MAGEA4
Melanoma-associated antigen 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA4 gene.

This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls.
Liebermann–Burchard test
The Liebermann–Burchard or acetic anhydride test is used for the detection of cholesterol. The formation of a green or green-blue colour after a few minutes is positive.

Lieberman–Burchard is a reagent used in a colourimetric test to detect cholesterol, which gives a deep green colour. This colour begins as a purplish, pink colour and progresses through to a light green then very dark green colour. The colour is due to the hydroxyl group (-OH) of cholesterol reacting with the reagents and increasing the conjugation of the un-saturation in the adjacent fused ring. Since this test uses acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid as reagents, caution must be exercised so as not to receive severe burns.

Method:  Dissolve one or two crystals of cholesterol in dry chloroform in a dry test tube. Add several drops of acetic anhydride and then 2 drops of concentrated H2SO4 and mix carefully.
After the reaction is finished, the concentration of cholesterol can be measured using spectrophotometry.

Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. Spectrophotometry uses photometers, known as spectrophotometers, that can measure the intensity of a light beam at different wavelengths. Although spectrophotometry is most commonly applied to ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation, modern spectrophotometers can interrogate wide swaths of the electromagnetic spectrum, including x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, or microwave wavelengths.
Reticulitermes flavipes
Reticulitermes flavipes, the eastern subterranean termite, is the most common termite found in North America. These termites are the most economically important wood destroying insects in the United States and are classified as pests. They feed on cellulose material such as the structural wood in buildings, wooden fixtures, paper, books, and cotton. A mature colony can range from 20,000 workers to as high as 5 million workers and the primary queen of the colony lays 5,000 to 10,000 eggs per year to add to this total.

Pierre-Paul Grassé
Pierre-Paul Grassé (November 27, 1895 in Périgueux (Dordogne) – July 9, 1985) was a French zoologist, writer of over 300 publications including the influential 52-volume Traité de Zoologie. He was an expert on termites who rejected Neo-Darwinism and was a proponent of Neo-Lamarckism.
Teri Rofkar
Teri Rofkar, or Chas' Koowu Tla'a (1956–2016), was a Tlingit weaver and educator from Sitka, Alaska. She specialized in Ravenstail (Raven's Tail) designs and spruce root baskets.

Rofkar was born on September 27, 1956 in San Rafael, California and grew up in Pelican and Anchorage, Alaska. In 1976 she moved to Sitka, Alaska, the town her grandmother was born in, raising three children with her husband Denny Rofkar. She died on December 2, 2016, at age 60.

Rofkar learned weaving from her grandmother Eliza Mork, as well as Delores Churchill (Haida), Ernestine Hanlon-Abel (Tlingit) and Cheryl Samuel. She began her professional career as a weaver in 1986. She wove the first Tlingit robe made completely from mountain goat wool in more than two hundred years, but also worked with contemporary materials and technology.

San Rafael, California
San Rafael (/ˌsæn rəˈfɛl/ SAN rə-FEL; Spanish for "St. Raphael", Spanish pronunciation: [san rafaˈel]) is a city in and the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. The city is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 census, San Rafael had a population of 61,271.

San Rafael was founded by the Spanish in 1817, when Vicente Francisco de Sarría established Mission San Rafael Arcángel, initially as an asistencia (sub-mission). San Rafael Arcángel was upgraded to full mission status in 1822, a month before Alta California declared independence from Spain as part of Mexico. Following the American Conquest of California, the community of San Rafael incorporated as a city in 1874.
Shullsburg, Wisconsin
Shullsburg is a city in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,173 at the 2020 census. The city is adjacent to the Town of Shullsburg. Founded in 1827, it is one of the oldest settlements in Wisconsin. There are 34 buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places on its historic Water Street Commercial District. It is located within the Midwestern Driftless Area and is known for its history of lead mining and its cheese industry.

Samuel Mazzuchelli
Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli, OP (November 4, 1806 – February 23, 1864) was a pioneer Italian Dominican friar and Catholic missionary priest who helped bring the Church to the Iowa-Illinois-Wisconsin tri-state area. He founded several parishes in the area and was the architect for several parish buildings. Additionally, Mazzuchelli established several schools throughout the region, some of which have developed into local Catholic colleges. As part of this effort, he founded the Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters.
Sharpe's Rifles (TV programme)
Sharpe's Rifles is the first of the Sharpe television dramas, based on Bernard Cornwell's 1988 novel of the same name.  Shown on ITV in 1993, the adaptation stars Sean Bean, Daragh O'Malley and Assumpta Serna.  It began a long series of successful and critically acclaimed television adaptations of the novels.

The drama tells the story of Richard Sharpe, an ambitious and hardened soldier from Yorkshire. The story follows the exploits of Sharpe and his band of chosen men through Spain after they survive an ambush by French cavalry.

Filming took place in the Crimea, Portugal and England, during which Paul McGann who was the original actor cast for the role of Richard Sharpe, broke his leg and was quickly replaced with Sean Bean.

Assumpta Serna
María Asunción Rodés Serna (born 16 September 1957), better known as Assumpta Serna, is a Spanish actress and author. Serna has performed in 20 countries in six languages and is the recipient of more than 20 international awards.
Picramnia
Picramnia, the bitterbushes, is a genus of flowering plants generally placed in the family Picramniaceae, but sometimes included in Simaroubaceae. The name is conserved against the genera Pseudo-brasilium Adans., and Tariri Aubl., both which have been rejected (nomen rejiciendum).

Conserved name
A conserved name or nomen conservandum (plural nomina conservanda, abbreviated as nom. cons.) is a scientific name that has specific nomenclatural protection. That is, the name is retained, even though it violates one or more rules which would otherwise prevent it from being legitimate. Nomen conservandum is a Latin term, meaning 'a name to be conserved'. The terms are often used interchangeably, such as by the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN), while the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature favors the term conserved name.

The process for conserving botanical names is different from that for zoological names. Under the botanical code, names may also be "suppressed", nomen rejiciendum (plural nomina rejicienda or nomina utique rejicienda, abbreviated as nom. rej.), or rejected in favor of a particular conserved name, and combinations based on a suppressed name are also listed as nom. rej..
Cheng Gongliang
Cheng Gongliang 成公亮 (August 1940 －8 July 2015) sometimes also given as Cheng Gong Liang or Cheng Gong-liang, was a renowned guqin player in the Guangling style. Hailing from Yixing he was noted also for his writings on guqin playing and his compositions for the instrument, some of them drawing on other traditions of music. He taught from 1984 at Nanjing Arts Institute, and lived in Nanjing for the rest of his life, though he travelled domestically and abroad to perform.

Nanjing University of the Arts
The Nanjing University of the Arts (NUA; Chinese: 南京艺术学院), also known as the Nanjing Arts Institute, is a university offering undergraduate and graduate degrees in fine arts, design, and related subjects.
Grendon Underwood
Grendon Underwood is a village and civil parish in west Buckinghamshire, England, near the border with Oxfordshire. The village sits between Woodham and Edgcott, near the Roman road Akeman Street (now part of the A41), and around 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Aylesbury. At the 2011 Census, the population of the civil parish was 1,625.

A41 road
The A41 is a trunk road between London and Birkenhead, England. Now in parts replaced by motorways, it passes through or near Watford, Kings Langley, Hemel Hempstead, Aylesbury, Bicester, Solihull, Birmingham, West Bromwich, Wolverhampton, Newport, Whitchurch, Chester and Ellesmere Port.

With the opening of the M40 extension in 1990 from junction 8, much of the route was downgraded. The sections between Bicester and the M42 near Solihull in the Midlands have been re-classified B4100, A4177 and A4141.
Biedma Department
Biedma is a department located in the north east of Chubut Province, on the Atlantic coast of Argentina.  The spelling Viedma is also sometimes used, but the spelling Biedma is preferred, to distinguish the department from the city of Viedma in Río Negro Province.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 59,000 inhabitants in an area of  12,940 km2, and its capital city is Puerto Madryn, which is located around 1,334 km from Buenos Aires.

Chubut Province
Chubut (Spanish: Provincia del Chubut [tʃuˈβut] – from Tehuelche chupat 'transparent'; Welsh: Talaith Chubut [taˈlaɪθ ˈχɨbɨt]) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning 'transparent', their description of the Chubut River.

The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it had 199,369 inhabitants at the 2022 Census. The administrative capital is Rawson (27,157). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn (97,625), Trelew (104,657), Esquel (36,624) and Sarmiento (13,892). Gaiman (6,376) is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as Y Wladfa in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated.
Charles W. Creighton
Charles Wilbur Creighton (August 31, 1885 – June 23, 1947) was an American politician and lawyer.

Creighton was born on a farm in Wayne County, Illinois. He went to the public schools. Creighton studied at McKendree University, Southern Illinois University Carbondale and the Northern Illinois University College of Law. He had taught in the Wayne County schools. Creighton practiced law in Fairfield, Illinois and served as state's attorney for Wayne County. He served on the board of education and was president of the board of education. Creighton was a Democrat. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1943 and 1944. Creighton died in Fairfield, Illinois from a heart attack.

Northern Illinois University College of Law
Northern Illinois University College of Law (NIU Law) is one of four public law schools in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is one of two public law schools in the Chicago area. The College of Law was founded as the Lewis University College of Law in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, in 1975. It became part of Northern Illinois University in August 1979, and in 1982 moved to the DeKalb, Illinois, campus, taking up residence in Swen Parson Hall, the former NIU main library. The College of Law offers the Juris Doctor degree.

According to NIU Law's 2019 ABA-required disclosures, 78% of the Class of 2019 obtained full-time, long-term, bar passage-required employment nine months after graduation (76% when excluding sole practitioners). According to the National Association of Law Placement employment report, 93.9% of the NIU Law Class of 2019 were employed as of ten months after graduation.
Taman Sri Sinar
3°11′13″N 101°39′2″E﻿ / ﻿3.18694°N 101.65056°E﻿ / 3.18694; 101.65056

Taman Sri Sinar is a township in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is located in the northwest of the Segambut constituency and is surrounded by Taman Sri Bintang, Segambut Jaya, Taman Seri Kepong Baru, Taman Bukit Segambut, Taman Segambut Aman and Taman Segambut Damai. It has an estimated population of 40,000 as of 2010. This township is in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur with Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL) as its local authority.

Federal territories of Malaysia
The federal territories (FT; Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan) in Malaysia comprise three territories—Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya—governed directly by the Federal Government of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital of Malaysia, Putrajaya the administrative capital, and Labuan an offshore international financial centre. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are enclaves in the state of Selangor. Labuan is an island off the coast of the Sabah state.
Zé Leandro
José Leandro de Souza (born 14 May 1985), known as Zé Leandro, is a Brazilian professional footballer who last played for Paraná Clube for whom he signed in January 2009.
He previously played for Sociedade Esportiva Matsubara, Metallurg Donetsk and FC Arsenal Kyiv.

FC Metalurh Donetsk
Football Club Metalurh Donetsk (Ukrainian: Футбо́льний клуб «Металу́рг» Доне́цьк, pronounced [metɐˈlurɦ doˈnɛtsʲk]) was a Ukrainian professional football club based in Donetsk that went bankrupt in July 2015.
Gallery (surname)
Gallery is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel V. Gallery (1901–1977), Rear Admiral in the U.S. Navy during World War II; fought in the Battle of the Atlantic

Mary Onahan Gallery (1866–1941), American writer, editor

Philip D. Gallery (1907–1973), Rear Admiral in the U.S. Navy during World War II; served on naval destroyers in the Pacific Theater

Robert Gallery (born 1980), American football player

Tom Gallery (1897–1993), American silent film actor, sports promoter, and television executive

William O. Gallery (1904–1981), Rear Admiral in the U.S. Navy during World War II; served as a naval aviator in the Pacific Theater

Robert Gallery
Robert J. Gallery (born July 26, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive guard for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Iowa and received unanimous All-American recognition. He was selected with the second overall pick by the Oakland Raiders in the 2004 NFL draft. He also played for the Seattle Seahawks. Since retiring from professional football, Gallery has become a mental health advocate and is the co-founder and president of Athletes for Care, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization focused on athlete mental health, traumatic brain injury research, and psychedelic-assisted therapy advocacy.. He played college football for the University of Iowa and received unanimous All-American recognition. He was selected with the second overall pick by the Oakland Raiders in the 2004 NFL draft. He also played for the Seattle Seahawks.
1943 Egypt Cup final
The 1943 Egypt Cup final was the planned final match of the 1942–43 King Farouk Cup, scheduled to take place between Zamalek SC (Farouk) and Al Ahly SC. The match was canceled due to the suspension of players from both clubs after they toured in Palestine against the Egyptian Football Association decision.

The suspension was lifted on 19 April 1944, allowing the start of the 1943–44 Egypt Cup competition. This resulted in the 1943 title being shared between the two clubs, for the first and only time in the competition's history.

Egypt Cup
The Egypt Cup (also known as the Egyptian FA Cup and formerly as the King Farouk Cup) is the main knockout football cup competition in Egypt. It is the oldest club competition in Africa. The first team to win the trophy was Zamalek in 1922. Al Ahly hold the record of total number of titles with a total of 39 titles, Zamalek also holds the record of being the only club to win the title for 4 consecutive years twice; from 1957 to 1960 and 2013 up to 2016.