hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bélády's anomaly
In computer storage, Bélády's anomaly is the phenomenon in which increasing the number of page frames results in an increase in the number of page faults for certain memory access patterns. This phenomenon is commonly experienced when using the first-in first-out (FIFO) page replacement algorithm. In FIFO, the page fault may or may not increase as the page frames increase, but in optimal and stack-based algorithms like Least Recently Used (LRU), as the page frames increase, the page fault decreases. László Bélády demonstrated this in 1969.

Cache replacement policies
In computing, cache replacement policies (also known as cache replacement algorithms or cache algorithms) are optimizing instructions or algorithms which a computer program or hardware-maintained structure can utilize to manage a cache of information. Caching improves performance by keeping recent or often-used data items in memory locations which are faster, or computationally cheaper to access, than normal memory stores. When the cache is full, the algorithm must choose which items to discard to make room for new data.
Marts Peak
Marts Peak is a 4,551 metres (14,931 ft) high, small and sharp peak at the east edge of the ice-covered Vinson Plateau in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It surmounts Dater Glacier to the northeast and Hammer Col to the south.

The peak was named by US-ACAN in 2006 after Brian Marts, a member of the 1966–67 American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition that made the first ascent of Mount Vinson, the summit of Antarctica, and other high mountains in the Sentinel Range.

Hammer Col
Hammer Col is a broad ice-covered col at 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) elevation between the south part of the Vinson Massif and the Craddock Massif in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. The 1.5-nautical-mile (3 km) wide saddle is relatively level and visually separates the two massifs whether viewed from the east or the west. It is part of the glacial divide between the heads of Dater Glacier on the northeast and Gildea Glacier on the southwest.

The feature was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2006) after William R. Hammer of the Department of Geology, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, a U.S. Antarctic Program investigator of vertebrate fossils, primarily in the central Transantarctic Mountains, 1977–2003.
Ministry of Deregulation and State Transformation
The Ministry of Deregulation and State Transformation (Spanish: Ministerio de Desregulación y Transformación del Estado) of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power. Its purpose is to help the president and chief of the Cabinet of Ministers in matters related to deregulation, reform, and modernization efforts.

The inaugural and current head of the Ministry is Federico Sturzenegger, who was appointed on 5 July 2024. The Ministry was created after the passing of the law of Bases and Starting Points for the Freedom of Argentines, which enjoys powers delegated by the government, necessary requirements to allow the Ministry to function in eliminating, modifying, or implementing decrees.

Javier Milei, the current president of Argentina, has stated that Elon Musk called Sturzenegger to discuss the United States imitating the model of the Ministry of Deregulation and State Transformation with the Department of Government Efficiency.

Law of Bases and Starting Points for the Freedom of Argentines
The Law of Bases and Starting Points for the Freedom of Argentines is an extensive economic reform omnibus bill proposed by Argentine President Javier Milei on 27 December 2023. It was passed in the Argentine Senate and returned to the chamber of deputies on 12 June 2024, in a 36-36 tie broken by vice president Victoria Villarruel. The Argentine Chamber of Deputies voted in favor of the bill 147-107 on June 27th along with associated financial reform passing 136-116.
Peter Peterson Farmstead
Peter Peterson Farmstead, also known as Emel Peterson Farmstead, near Waverly, Nebraska, United States, dates from 1893.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

It has a Queen Anne style farmhouse with a tower, and a large barn with two octagonal cupolas.  It was the farmstead of Swedish immigrants Peter and Christina Peterson.

Swedes first immigrated to the Lincoln area in 1865–71, forming what became the Swedeburg settlement.  Peter Peterson, born in 1838 in Småland, Sweden, immigrated in 1868.  He married Christina in 1872 and they moved to the farmstead in 1879.

The property was described in its NRHP nomination as "a significant and well-preserved example of Late Victorian architecture somewhat unique in rural Nebraska architecture and specifically important to the local Swedish agricultural community."

Småland
Småland (Swedish: [ˈsmǒːland] ⓘ) is a historical province (landskap) in southern Sweden.
Småland borders Blekinge, Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name Småland literally means "small lands", referring to many small historic provinces from which it was composed. The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages. The highest point in Småland is Tomtabacken, at 377 metres (1,237 ft). In terms of total area, Småland is similar in size to Belgium.
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera
The Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera is a mid-size car manufactured and marketed for model years 1982–1996 by the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors—over a single generation. Body styles included a 2-door coupe, 4-door sedan, and the 4-door wagon.

The Cutlass Ciera shared the front-wheel drive A platform with the Buick Century, Pontiac 6000 and Chevrolet Celebrity.

Front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel-drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Lake Whillans
Lake Whillans is a subglacial lake in Antarctica. The lake is located under the Whillans Ice Stream at the southeastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf in the west of the continent. The lake surface is 800 m (2,600 ft) beneath the surface of the ice and the lake covers an estimated area of 60 km2 (20 sq mi). Lake depths measured thus far have been around 2 metres (7 feet). Its temperature is −0.49 °C, below 0 °C because of the high pressure.

Lake Whillans, like the Whillans Ice Stream, is named for Ohio State University glaciologist Dr. Ian Whillans.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".
Yandé Codou Sène
Yandé Codou Sène (also Yande Codou Sene) was a Senegalese singer from the Serer ethnic group. She was born in 1932 at Somb in the Sine-Saloum delta and died on July 15, 2010, at Gandiaye in Sénégal. She was the official griot of president Léopold Sédar Senghor. Most of her music is in the Serer language.

Demographics of Senegal
Demographic features of the population of Senegal include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

About 42% of Senegal's population is rural. In rural areas, population density varies from about 77 per square kilometer (200/mile²) in the west-central region to 2 per square kilometer (5/mile²) in the arid eastern section. The average population density for the country is 68 people per square kilometer (180 people/mi2). French is the official language but is used regularly only by the literate minority. Almost all Senegalese speak an indigenous language, of which Wolof has the largest usage. Many Senegalese live in Europe, particularly in France, Italy and Spain.
2009 Luoding flood
The 2009 Luoding flood (Chinese: 罗定船步水灾) was a major flood that occurred in Luoding, Guangdong in the People's Republic of China on the week of September 17, 2009.  The water level increased due to rain from Typhoon Koppu. The storm slammed into South China causing torrential rain, mudslides and an oil spill.

Northern and southern China
Northern China (Chinese: 中国北方 or 中国北部; lit. 'China's North') and southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
Kysak railway station
Kysak railway station (Slovak: Železničná stanica Kysak) serves the village and municipality of Kysak, in the Košice Region, eastern Slovakia. Opened in 1870, the station is an important railway junction, where the Košice–Plaveč–Čirč–Muszyna railway diverges towards Poland from the Košice–Žilina railway, which is part of Slovakia's main east–west rail corridor.

The station is currently owned by Železnice Slovenskej republiky (ŽSR); train services are operated by Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko (ZSSK).

Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko
Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko, a.s. (ZSSK) ((lit. 'The Railway Company Slovakia')) is a Slovak state-owned passenger train company based in Bratislava.

In 2002 a company Železničná spoločnosť was established as a successor of personal and cargo transport part of the Železnice Slovenskej republiky. In 2005 this new company was further split into "Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko, a. s." providing Passenger transport services and "Železničná spoločnosť Cargo Slovakia, a. s." (ZSSK CARGO or ZSCS) providing cargo services.

The fleet of the Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko was partially modernised with the introduction of 8 3-car units and 2 4-car dual-voltage units of the new Škoda 7Ev EMUs.  The contract included the option for additional 5 3-car units and 10 4-car units. The company ordered in August 2021 from Škoda Transportation another nine trains for Košice region. There is also a purchase option for 11 additional trains. Further new EMUs entered service in 2023.
Curve of Spee
In anatomy, the Curve of Spee (also called von Spee's curve or Spee's curvature) is defined as the curvature of the mandibular occlusal plane beginning at the canine and following the buccal cusps of the posterior teeth, continuing to the terminal molar. According to another definition the curve of Spee is an anatomic curvature of the occlusal alignment of the teeth, beginning at the tip of the lower incisor, following the buccal cusps of the natural premolars, and molars and continuing to the anterior border of the ramus. It is named for the German embryologist Ferdinand Graf von Spee (1855–1937), who was first to describe the anatomic relations of human teeth in the sagittal plane.

Cusp (anatomy)
A cusp is a pointed, projecting, or elevated feature. In animals, it is usually used to refer to raised points on the crowns of teeth.
The concept is also used with regard to the leaflets of the four heart valves. The mitral valve, which has two cusps, is also known as the bicuspid valve, and the tricuspid valve has three cusps.
Ghadir Investment Company
Ghadir Investment Company (Persian: سرمایه‌گذاری غدیر, Sarmāye-gozāri-e Ghadir ) was established in 1991 in Iran and entered to the "Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)" in 1995. Its activities are managing or restructuring Iranian companies on behalf of its share holders. GHADIR is one of the biggest holding investment company in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) with a market capitalization of 97,416 billion Iranian Rials as of 2017.

In 2017, GHADIR had more than 130 subsidiaries, and profits surpassing 12,000 billion rials. These subsidiary companies, in turn, contribute to the development of industry, trade and services in Iran. GHADIR also invests in private equity and venture capital in the Iranian oil & gas & petrochemical sector, as well as power & energy, mines & industries, transportation, cement & construction, and also IT & ICT.

Market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.

Market capitalization is equal to the market price per common share multiplied by the number of common shares outstanding.
Untitled Earth Sim 64
Untitled Earth Sim 64 is a 2021 science-fiction comedy short film written and directed by Jonathan Wilhelmsson (who previously made Waltzing Tilda). The story is about Marie, a woman who comes to learn that her universe is an untitled simulation. The film was shot in Gothenburg, Sweden, and was released in May 2021 along with a behind the scenes documentary on the making of the film. It was later released by Gunpowder & Sky under their science-fiction label Dust.

Behind-the-scenes
In filmmaking, behind-the-scenes (BTS), also known as the making-of, the set, or  on the set, is a documentary film that features the production of a film or television program. This is often referred to as the EPK (electronic press kit) video, due to its main usage as a promotional tool, either concurrent with theatrical release or as a bonus feature for the film's DVD or Blu-ray release.
Nordjyllands Trafikselskab
Nordjyllands Trafikselskab (English: North Jutland's Transport Company. Often abridged to NT) is a traffic company, that covers the North Denmark Region.

NT was created following the Danish structure reform in 2007. It took over the tasks and the name from the former traffic company, that was under control by North Jutland County. The main task is to maintain bus traffic and public taxiing in North Denmark Region.

NT makes the routes of the regional buses (drives through several communes), city buses and Nordjyske Jernbaner (North Jut Railways). Although, Aalborg Kommune makes the schedules for the city buses in the city on their own.

The operation of the buses itself is outsourced to private entrepreneurs. In Aalborg the entrepreneurs is Arriva and City-Trafik.

NT owns stocks in Nordjyske Jernbaner, Rejseplanen A/S and Rejsekortet A/S.

Aalborg Municipality
Ålborg Municipality (Danish: Ålborg Kommune) is a municipality in North Jutland Region on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark. The municipality straddles the Limfjord, the waterway which connects the North Sea and the Kattegat east-to-west, and which separates the main body of the Jutland peninsula from the island of Vendsyssel-Thy north-to-south. It has a land area of 1,143.99 km2 (441.70 sq mi) and a population of 224,612 (1 January 2025).

It is also the name of the municipality's main city Aalborg and the site of its municipal council, as well as the name of a seaport.

The municipality and the town have chosen to retain the traditional spelling of the name as Aalborg, although the new spelling Ålborg is used in other contexts, such as Ålborg Bight (Ålborg Bugt), the body of water which lies to the east of the Jutland peninsula.
Vagif Bayatly Oner
Vagif Bayatly Oner (Azerbaijani: Vagif Bayatlı) is an Azerbaijani poet. He was born in October 1948 in Jabrayil, a district in Karabakh.

Vagif's major books of poetry include: Under a Lonely Star, All Love Stories Will Be Forgotten, and The Funniest Dead Man. His poetry has been translated into more than 30 languages, including a major book of poetry published in Moscow (translated into Russian).

His prizes include the Mayakovski Prize for Poetry and the Jalil Mammadguluzadeh Prize founded by Azerbaijan's Press Foundation. Vagif has translated numerous works into Azerbaijani, including some of the most famous Austrian, English, Scottish, Italian, Norwegian, Turkish, and Russian poets, such as Rainer Maria Rilke, Thomas Eliot, Robert Burns, Boris Pasternak, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolay Gumilyov and Osip Mandelstam.

Jabrayil
Jabrayil (Azerbaijani: Cəbrayıl, IPA: [dʒæbɾɑˈjɯl] ⓘ) is a city in Azerbaijan, nominally the administrative capital of Azerbaijan's Jabrayil District.

A town with Azerbaijani majority and Armenian plurality at various times during the Russian imperial era, and Azerbaijani majority since the Soviet times, it was abandoned since its destruction by local Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. On 4 October 2020, Azerbaijani forces retook the city during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. Reconstruction of the city started in 2021, and the first residents returned in 2024.
Steve Hoffman (rugby union)
Richard Stephanus Hoffman (2 December 1931 – 15 May 1986) was a South African international rugby union player.

Hoffman was born in the Cape Town suburb of Parow.

A Worcester–based wing three–quarter, Hoffman represented Boland and gained his Springboks call up in 1953. He was one of six changes made to the team for the third Test match against the Wallabies at Durban, taking the place of Chum Ochse on the left wing. The Springboks won the match 18–8 and Hoffman was credited with a try saving tackle on Wallaby Garth Jones. He was nonetheless dropped for the series finale when Ochse made a return.

Parow, South Africa
Parow is the suburb of the City of Cape Town in the Western Cape, South Africa and a Northern Suburb of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality founded by Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Parow who arrived in the locality in 1865.
Wilki, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Wilki [ˈvilki] is a hamlet in the administrative district of Gmina Skarszewy, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the region of Kociewie in the larger historic region of Pomerania.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.
Hamblen
Hamblen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Hamblen (1947–2017), National Basketball Association (NBA) coach and scout, and a former college basketball player at Syracuse University

Herbert M. Hamblen (1905–1994), American Washington State politician

J. H. Hamblen (1877–1971), lifelong Texan, a pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South in Texas, an evangelist and revivalist preacher

Lapsley W. Hamblen Jr. (1926–2012), judge of the United States Tax Court

Mabel Hamblen (1904–1955), British swimmer

Nicholas Hamblen, Lord Hamblen of Kersey (born 1957), a justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

Stuart Hamblen (1908–1989), one of American radio's first singing cowboys in 1926, later becoming a Christian songwriter

Nicholas Hamblen, Lord Hamblen of Kersey
Nicholas Archibald Hamblen, Lord Hamblen of Kersey, PC (born 23 September 1957) is a British judge currently serving as a justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Prior to his judicial career, Hamblen was a specialist in maritime and commercial law.
Idol Songs: 11 of the Best
Idol Songs: 11 of the Best is a greatest hits album by the English rock singer Billy Idol, released on 20 June 1988 by Chrysalis Records. It comprises all the singles released from his first three studio albums—Billy Idol, Rebel Yell and Whiplash Smile—as well as the live version of "Mony Mony" and re-recorded Generation X song "Dancing with Myself", both of which appeared on Idol's debut EP Don't Stop. A limited edition of the album contains two extra remixes, and another limited edition contains four extra remixes. The album reached number two on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). In 2003, the album was reissued with a different title and cover as The Essential.

Chrysalis Records
Chrysalis Records (/ˈkrɪsəlɪs/) is a British independent record label that was founded in 1968. The name is both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.
White Ravens
The White Ravens is a catalog published annually in English by the International Youth Library as a recommendation list for international children's and youth literature. The most recent White Ravens catalog is presented each year in October at the Frankfurt Book Fair and the following spring at the Bologna Children's Book Fair in Italy. The first catalog was issued in 1986.

Frankfurt Book Fair
The Frankfurt Book Fair (German: Frankfurter Buchmesse, abbr. FBM) is the world's largest trade fair for books, based on the number of publishing companies represented. The five-day annual event in mid-October is held at the Frankfurt Trade Fair grounds in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The first three days are restricted exclusively to professional visitors; the general public attend the fair on the weekend.

Several thousand exhibitors representing book publishing, multimedia and technology companies, as well as content providers from all over the world gather in order to negotiate international publishing rights and license fees. The fair is organised by Frankfurter Buchmesse GmbH, a subsidiary of the German Publishers and Booksellers Association. More than 7,300 exhibitors from over 100 countries and more than 286,000 visitors took part in the year 2017.
Urmekeyevo
Urmekeyevo (Russian: Урмекеево; Bashkir: Үрмәкәй, Ürmäkäy) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sayranovsky Selsoviet, Tuymazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 315 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Tuymazinsky District
Tuymazinsky District (Russian: Туймази́нский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Туймазы районы, Tuymazı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Sharansky District in the north, Buzdyaksky District in the east, Belebeyevsky District in the southeast and south, Yermekeyevsky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 2,403 square kilometers (928 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tuymazy (which is administratively separate from the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 64,389.