hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bonarda Piemontese
Bonarda Piemontese, now officially listed simply as Bonarda but also known as Bonarda di Chieri and Bonarda del Monferrato is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the northwestern region of Piedmont. Prior to the phylloxera epidemic of the 19th century, Bonarda was speculated to have accounted for 30% of the plantings in Piedmont but today is only found in scattered plantings along the left bank of the Tanaro river near Govone. In the mid-1990s, the grape experienced a slight revival as Piedmontese producers sought to add more aromatics to their Barbera wines by blending in Bonarda.

Despite the similarities of their synonyms, the grape is not related to Douce noir grape which is known as Bonarda in Argentina nor the Croatina grape, which make tannic wines similar to Piedmont's Dolcetto.

Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.
Bigg Boss 5
Bigg Boss 5 is the fifth season of various versions of Bigg Boss (an Indian adaptation of the reality game show Big Brother):

Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)

Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5)

Bigg Boss (Tamil season 5)

Bigg Boss (Telugu season 5)

Bigg Boss (Malayalam season 5)

Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 5
Bigg Boss 5 is the fifth season of the Tamil-Indian reality series of Bigg Boss. The show premiered on 3 October 2021 on Star Vijay and Disney+ Hotstar with Kamal Haasan as the host for the fifth time. Nippon Paint was the main sponsor for the fifth season. Ramya Krishnan as appeared as a guest host for a week.

The grand finale took place on 16 January 2022. Raju Jeyamohan emerged as the winner, while Priyanka Deshpande emerged as the runner up of the season.

Niroop Nandakumar, Thamarai Selvi, Abhinay Vaddi and Suruthi Periyasamy returned as contestants in Bigg Boss Ultimate.
2014 Svijany Open
The 2014 Svijany Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Liberec, Czech Republic between 28 July and 3 August 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Branxton, New South Wales
Branxton is a town in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. Branxton is 171 kilometres (106 mi) north of Sydney via the Pacific Motorway and New England Highway. Branxton is located mostly in the City of Cessnock, but part of it is in Singleton Shire.

Pacific Motorway (Sydney–Newcastle)
M1 Pacific Motorway is a 127-kilometre (79 mi) motorway linking Sydney to Newcastle via the Central Coast and Hunter regions of New South Wales. Formerly known but still commonly referred to by both the public and the government as the F3 Freeway, Sydney–Newcastle Freeway, and Sydney–Newcastle Expressway, it is part of the AusLink road corridor between Sydney and Brisbane.
Chris Woodcroft
Christopher Woodcroft (born March 14, 1965, in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian educator and retired wrestler. He was principal of Resurrection Catholic Secondary School in Kitchener, Ontario, and was one of 40 Canadian educators to receive the Canada's Outstanding Principal award from The Learning Partnership in January 2015.

Woodcroft represented Canada at 
the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea and
the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 
He placed 11th in his class (52.0 kg Freestyle) at the 
1994 World Championship. He won medals at the 
1986 Commonwealth Games (gold),
1987 Pan American Games (silver), and
1991 Pan American Games (bronze).

1991 Pan American Games
The 1991 Pan American Games, officially known as the XI Pan American Games (Spanish: XI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Havana 1991 (Spanish: La Habana 1991), were held in Havana, Cuba from 2 to 18 August 1991. There were 4,519 athletes from 39 countries of the PASO community, with events in 33 different sports. The main stadium was the Estadio Panamericano, a multi-use stadium in Havana that holds 50,000 people.
Noël Olivier
Hon. Noël Olivier Richards (25 December 1892 – 11 April 1969) was an English medical doctor. She was born on Christmas Day 1892, hence her name, as the daughter of Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier and Margaret Cox. A cousin was the actor Sir Laurence Olivier. She attended the progressive Bedales School in Petersfield, Hampshire. Later she was a member of both the Bloomsbury Group and Rupert Brooke's group of Cambridge Neopagans. For a while, she and Brooke were in a relationship.

Petersfield
Petersfield is a market town and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 15 miles (24 km) north of Portsmouth. The town has its own railway station on the Portsmouth Direct line, the mainline rail link connecting Portsmouth and London. Situated below the northern slopes of the South Downs, Petersfield lies wholly within the South Downs National Park.

The town is on the crossroads of well-used north–south (formerly the A3 road which now bypasses the town) and east–west routes (today the A272 road) and it grew as a coach stop on the Portsmouth to London route. Petersfield is twinned with Barentin in France, and Warendorf in Germany.
V. S. Sunil Kumar
V. S. Sunil Kumar (born 30 May 1967) is an Indian politician and the former Minister for Agriculture, Kerala.
In 2011, he was elected from Kaipamangalam constituency and in 2016, from Thrissur constituency to Kerala Legislative Assembly.

He is a member of the Communist Party of India. He started his political career with All India Students' Federation at time of his high school life. He is an alumnus of Sree Kerala Varma College, Thrissur and completed his LL.B from Kerala Law Academy Law College, Thiruvananthapuram. He was holding different posts in AISF State and National level and in 1998, was the National Secretary.

Kaipamangalam Assembly constituency
Kaipamangalam State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Chalakudy Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2016 assembly elections, the current MLA is E. T. Taison of CPI.
Direct kernel object manipulation
Direct kernel object manipulation (DKOM) is a common rootkit technique for Microsoft Windows to hide potentially damaging third-party processes, drivers, files, and intermediate connections from the task manager and event scheduler.

Network traffic measurement
In computer networks, network traffic measurement is the process of measuring the amount and type of traffic on a particular network. This is especially important with regard to effective bandwidth management.
2003 Extremaduran regional election
A regional election was held in Extremadura on Sunday, 25 May 2003, to elect the 6th Assembly of the autonomous community. All 65 seats in the Assembly were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain.

The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), which in this election ran in coalition with the Extremaduran Coalition, enlarged its absolute majority from 34 to 36 seats, at the cost of the opposition People's Party (PP), which fell to 26 and lost ground for the first time since the 1987 election. United Left (IU), which formed a coalition with the Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx), maintained its 3 seats but was unable to make gains.

Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra was elected for his sixth and last term in office as President of the Regional Government of Extremadura, as he would announce in September 2006 he would not stand for re-election in 2007.

Extremaduran Coalition
Extremaduran Coalition (Spanish: Coalición Extremeña) is a political alliance in Extremadura, Spain. It consists of the Extremaduran Regional Convergence (CREx) and the Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx).

The coalition was represented in the Senate of Spain between 2005 and 2008 by Lidia Redondo Lucas, who was elected as a substitute on the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party list.
Bernhard von Hülsen
Bernhard Franz Karl Adolf Gottvertrau von Hülsen (b. 20 April 1865 in Cosel, Province of Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Confederation; d. 21 April 1950 in Potsdam, State of Brandenburg, East Germany) was a German Generalleutnant.

Order of the Red Eagle
The Order of the Red Eagle (German: Roter Adlerorden) was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful service to the kingdom, or other achievements. As with most German and other European orders, the Order of the Red Eagle could be awarded only to commissioned officers or civilians of approximately equivalent status. However, there was a medal of the order, which could be awarded to non-commissioned officers and enlisted men, lower ranking civil servants and other civilians.
I Could Not Be Hindu
I Could Not Be Hindu: The Story of a Dalit in the RSS is a memoir by Bhanwar Meghwanshi, a former member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), published in Hindi as Main Ek Karsevak Tha in 2019 by Navarun Prakashan and translated into English by Nivedita Menon in 2020 by Navayana Publishing. The book chronicles Meghwanshi’s experiences with caste discrimination within the RSS and his subsequent embrace of Ambedkarite ideology, offering a critique of the organisation's casteist practices and Hindutva ideology.

Navayana (publishing house)
Navayana is an independent anti-caste Indian publishing house based in New Delhi, strongly influenced by Ambedkarite ideas. It was founded by S. Anand and D. Ravikumar in 2003. The first book it published was Ambedkar: Autobiographical Notes priced at Rs 40 (about $1 at that time). Since then it has published acclaimed fiction, non-fiction, graphic novels and poetry anthologies. From 2009 onwards, Navayana broadened its publishing outlook to include social issues other than caste because ‘the struggle against caste cannot happen in isolation from other struggles for justice and equality’ as a statement on the website reads.

In Pali, the word "navayana" means "new vehicle". B. R. Ambedkar used the word in 1956 to describe the branch of Buddhism that wouldn't be mired in the Hinayana-Mahayana divide, but would help dalits gain equality in India.
The East (TV series)
The East is an Indonesian situation comedy programme that aired on NET. The title is named as "The East" for the namesake of the building where the headquarters of NET. is located in Jakarta, Indonesia.

MDTV
PT MDTV Media Televisi (MDTV, formerly known as NET. and Spacetoon Indonesia) is an Indonesian private television broadcaster owned by MDTV Media Technologies and Industri Mitra Media. It began trial broadcasts as NET. on 18 May 2013 and officially launched on 26 May 2013, replacing the terrestrial feed of Spacetoon Indonesia.
Shakti Kapoor
Shakti Kapoor (born Sunil Kapoor; 3 September 1952) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Bollywood films. Known for his villainous and comic roles in Hindi films, he has featured in over 700 films. In the 1980s and 1990s, Kapoor teamed up with actor Asrani and Kader Khan as the comical or evil team in over 100 films. He was a contestant in the Indian reality show Bigg Boss in 2011. He contested in Bigg Boss to prove to his children he can stay away from alcohol.

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)
Bigg Boss is an Indian Hindi-language reality television show of the Bigg Boss franchise in India that airs on Colors TV. It is based on the Dutch format of Big Brother, developed by Endemol. Since its premiere on November 3, 2006, the show has completed nineteen seasons and three OTT (Over-the-Top) seasons. Throughout its run, Bigg Boss has seen a variety of hosts. The first season was hosted by Arshad Warsi, followed by Shilpa Shetty in the second season and Amitabh Bachchan in the third. Farah Khan led the Halla Bol season, while Sanjay Dutt co-hosted the fifth season with Salman Khan. Since season 4, Salman Khan has taken the helm as the show's primary host. As of season 19, a total of 353 contestants has participated in Bigg Boss. Thirteen contestants have returned for other seasons, while two played as proxy contestants and 4 were not selected by the audience, preventing them from entering the house. As of season 19, Bigg Boss has aired a total of 2,076 episodes.
George Crump (American football)
George Stanley Crump (born July 22, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL) in 1982. He played college football for the East Carolina Pirates] before being selected by the Patriots in the fourth round of the 1982 NFL draft with the 85th overall pick. In Week 12 of the 1982 season, he recorded a safety against the Houston Oilers when tackling Archie Manning.

1982 NFL draft
The 1982 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 27–28, 1982, at the New York Sheraton Hotel in New York City, New York. At the time of the draft the Raiders were still the Oakland Raiders, they relocated to Los Angeles in May 1982. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the New England Patriots selected defensive end Kenneth Sims.
2014 Copa Sevilla – Doubles
Alessandro Motti and Stéphane Robert were the defending champions, but did not compete this year.

Antal van der Duim and Boy Westerhof won the title, defeating James Cluskey and Jesse Huta Galung 7–6(7–3), 6–4 in the final.

Antal van der Duim
Antal van der Duim (born 16 September 1987) is a Dutch professional tennis player. He competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking, No. 214 on 31 October 2016, and his highest ATP doubles ranking, No. 149, on 20 April 2015.
Logarithmically concave function
In convex analysis, a non-negative function f : Rn → R+ is logarithmically concave (or log-concave for short) if its domain is a convex set, and if it satisfies the inequality

for all x,y ∈ dom f and 0 < θ < 1. If f is strictly positive, this is equivalent to saying that the logarithm of the function, log ∘ f, is concave; that is,

for all x,y ∈ dom f and 0 < θ < 1.

Examples of log-concave functions are the 0-1 indicator functions of convex sets (which requires the more flexible definition), and the Gaussian function.

Similarly, a function is log-convex if it satisfies the reverse inequality

for all x,y ∈ dom f and 0 < θ < 1.

For non-negative discrete functions f : Z → R+, it is log-concave  if

Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that  will take a value less than or equal to .

Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function)  satisfying  and .

In the case of a scalar continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from negative infinity to . Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
Anna Huber
Anna Huber is a model from Austria.

She has appeared in numerous ads such as Azzaro 'Visit' fragrance,  Canderel,  Calzedonia,  Damier Azur,  Daniel Swarovski,  Devernois,  House of Fraser,  Hugo Boss 'Intense Shimmer' fragrance,  John Galliano,  Kérastase,  Laura Biagotti,  Lavazza,  Linea,  Liska,  Marks & Spencer,  Naf Naf,  Nannini,  Nina Ricci, and others.

John Galliano
John Charles Galliano CBE RDI (born 28 November 1960) is a British fashion designer. He was the creative director of his eponymous label John Galliano and French fashion houses Givenchy and Dior. From 2014 to 2024, Galliano was the creative director of Paris-based fashion house Maison Margiela. Galliano has been named British Designer of the Year four times. In a 2004 poll for the BBC, he was named the fifth most influential person in British culture.
Ceremony of Opposites
Ceremony of Opposites is the third album by Swiss extreme metal band Samael.

This is their second release with Century Media Records after leaving French label Osmose Productions. Although the band's subject matter was similar to previous releases (references to Aleister Crowley, Satanism and blasphemy), it also showed their first signs of interest in industrial music, a direction that they would take on future albums.

It was produced by Waldemar Sorychta, who also worked on recordings by Lacuna Coil, Tiamat, Moonspell and others.

In 2005, the album was re-issued with their 1995 Rebellion EP.

Lacuna Coil
Lacuna Coil is an Italian gothic metal band from Milan. Since their formation in 1994, the group has had two name changes, being previously known as Sleep of Right and Ethereal, and they have recorded ten studio albums, two extended plays, two live albums, two compilation albums, one video album, and sixteen singles and music videos.

They have toured internationally and were nominated in 2006 for a MTV Europe Music Award. They won the 2012 Metal Female Voices Fest Award for the Best Album, the 2016 Metal Hammer Award for the Best International Band, and the 2018 Metal Hammer Golden Gods Award for Best Live Act. The band's 2012 release, Dark Adrenaline, peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200. As of March 2012, Lacuna Coil have sold over two million albums worldwide.
Pa Que Hablen
Pa Que Hablen (transl. So Y'all Can Talk) is the fifth studio album by American regional Mexican band Fuerza Regida. It was released on December 30, 2022, along with Sigan Hablando, through Sony Music Latin, Street Mob and Rancho Humilde. This album, along with the latter marks their first to feature Moisés López. It contains guest appearances from Junior H, Natanael Cano, Herencia de Patrones, Peso Pluma, Santa Fe Klan, Grupo Marca Registrada and Eslabon Armado, among others.

Santa Fe Klan
Ángel Jair Quezada Jasso, known professionally as Santa Fe Klan, is a Mexican singer-songwriter and rapper. He featured on several songs which were highly certified by AMPROFON in Mexico, including 4× Platinum for "Por Mi México" by Lefty SM and 3× Platinum for "El Catrín" by Gera MX. He was ranked 31st on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "50 greatest rappers in the history of Spanish rap," published in 2024.
Wera Blanke
Wera Blanke (née Paintner) is a German actress and Esperantist. Born in 1933 to a pair of actors, she acted both on stage and for television throughout her career. Blanke began activity in the Esperanto community in 1976, writing several books about Esperanto-language terminology.

Esperantujo
Esperantujo (IPA: [esperanˈtujo]) or Esperantio (IPA: [esperanˈtio]) is the community of speakers of the Esperanto language and their culture, as well as the places and institutions where the language is used. The term is used "as if it were a country."

Although it does not occupy its own area of Earth's surface, it can be said to constitute the 120 countries which have their own national Esperanto association.
Kohatu
Kohatu is a village in Saue Parish, Harju County, Estonia. It borders Metsanurga village to the north, Mõnuste village to the west, Kernu and Kirikla villages to the south and Rapla County to the east. The territory of the village covers 10.9 km² and had a population of 192 as of January, 2007. Prior to the administrative reform of Estonian local governments in March 2017, the village belonged to Kernu Parish.

Rapla County
Rapla County (Estonian: Rapla maakond or Raplamaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in the northwestern part of the country and borders Järva County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, Lääne County to the west, and Harju County to the north. In 2022 Rapla County had a population of 33,529, constituting 2.5% of the total population of Estonia.
Batalin
Batalin (Баталин in Russian) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Theodorowicz Batalin (1847–1896), Russian botanist

Igor Anatolyevich Batalin (1945–2024), Russian physicist, see Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism

Olga Batalina (born 1975), Russian politician

Alexander Batalin
Alexander Fyodorovich Batalin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Бата́лин; 13 August 1847 – 13 October 1896) was a Russian botanist. He was the Chief Botanist and Director of the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. His patronimic has also been transliterated as Fedorovich and Theodorowicz.

His father, Fyodor Batalin, gained renown for his two-volume work on the Caucasian Mineral Waters. After his father’s death in 1895, Alexander briefly took over as editor of the Agricultural Gazette.
Henry Mundy (abstract painter)
Henry Mundy (13 January 1919 – 27 February 2019) was an English abstract painter and teacher.

Born in Birkenhead, Cheshire Mundy was one of ten children and attended St Francis Xavier School and Laird School of Art (1933–37). Moving to London to study at Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts (1946–50) alongside Anthony Eyton, Terry Frost, Andrew Forge and Gillian Ayres whom he would marry in 1951.

Taught at Saint Martin's School of Art (1966–82) and Bath School of Art and Design (1959–66).

Camberwell College of Arts
Camberwell College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England. The college offers further and higher education programmes, including postgraduate and PhD awards. The college has retained single degree options within Fine Art, offering specialist Bachelor of Arts courses in painting, sculpture, photography and drawing. It also runs graduate and postgraduate courses in fine art as well as design courses such as graphic design, illustration and 3D design. It has been ranked as the top British art school by The Times.

It was established as the Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts in 1898, and adopted its present name in 1989.