hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Smolensky District, Altai Krai
Smolensky District (Russian: Смоле́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the krai. The area of the district is 2,033 square kilometers (785 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Smolenskoye. Population:  23,955 (2010 Census); 26,033 (2002 Census); 40,590 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Smolenskoye accounts for 37.5% of the district's total population.

Krai
A krai or kray is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.

Etymologically, the word is related to the verb кроить (kroítǐ [krɐˈitʲ]), meaning 'to cut'. Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word krai also means 'border' or 'edge', i.e., 'a place of the cut-off'. In English the term is often translated as 'territory'. As of 2015, the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts.
Etsushi Ogawa
Etsushi Ogawa (小川 悦司, Ogawa Etsushi, born 23 February 1969 in Niigata Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese manga writer and illustrator. Almost all of his works center around the culinary arts. He graduated from Keio University with a degree in economics. Ogawa is most famous for the manga Chūka Ichiban, which was made into an anime.

In 2007, Ogawa won the 31st Kodansha Manga Award for children's manga for Tenshi no Frypan.

Keio University
Keio University (Japanese: 慶應義塾大学, Hepburn: Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a private research university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It was originally established as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo. It was granted university status in 1920, becoming one of the first private universities in the country.

Keio University is also one of the member universities of RU11 and APRU, and it is one of two Japanese universities (alongside the University of Tokyo) to be a member of the World Economic Forum's Global University Leaders Forum.
Herschell-Spillman Steam Riding Gallery
The Herschell-Spillman Steam Riding Gallery is an antique carousel at the Prairie Village living history museum in Madison, South Dakota.: 4  It was built c. 1903 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.: 2, 20–21

Living museum
A living museum, also known as a living history museum, is a type of museum which recreates historical settings to simulate a past time period, providing visitors with an experiential interpretation of history.  It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period, in an example of living history.
Etropole Municipality
42°49′44″N 23°59′33″E﻿ / ﻿42.82889°N 23.99250°E﻿ / 42.82889; 23.99250

Etropole Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Етрополе) is a municipality in Sofia Province, western central Bulgaria. Covering a territory of 371.7 km2, it is the seventh largest of the 22 municipalities in the province and takes 5.25% of its total area.

Sofia Province
42°40′N 23°40′E﻿ / ﻿42.667°N 23.667°E﻿ / 42.667; 23.667

Sofia Province (Bulgarian: Софийска област, romanized: Sofiyska oblast) is a province (oblast) of Bulgaria. The province does not include Sofia in its territories, but Sofia remains the seat of its administration. The province borders on the provinces of Pernik, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Lovech, Vratsa, Montana, and Sofia City (which is in a separate oblast, see Sofia Administration), and borders with Serbia to the northwest.
Vonette Dixon
Vonette Dixon (born 26 November 1975) is a Jamaican hurdler.

Competing for the Auburn Tigers track and field team, Dixon won the 2000 60 meter hurdles at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships in a time of 7.94.

She finished eighth at the 2001 World Championships in Edmonton, won a silver medal at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and finished ninth at the 2003 World Championships in Paris. She finished seventh at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka.

Her personal best time is 12.64 seconds, achieved in August 2007 in Osaka.

60 meter hurdles at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 60 meter hurdles, 55 meter hurdles, or their imperial 60 yard hurdles equivalent, often called the "high hurdles", has been contested at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships since its founding in 1965. The 60 yard hurdles was contested until 1983, 55 meters from 1984 to 1998, and the 60 meters has been run since 1999. Hand timing was used until 1975, while starting in 1976 fully automatic timing was used.
Tomcattin'
Tomcattin' is the fourth studio album by Southern rock band Blackfoot, released in 1980. The album features Shorty Medlocke, grandfather of band member Rickey Medlocke, on "Fox Chase". While the album did not spawn any hit singles, it was enough to keep the band's devoted fan base loyal and strong. It remains a popular staple in Blackfoot's catalogue.

Southern rock
Southern rock is a subgenre of rock music and a genre of Americana. It developed in the Southern United States from rock and roll, country and blues, and is focused generally on electric guitars and vocals.
Rayner Peak
Rayner Peak (67°24′S 55°56′E﻿ / ﻿67.400°S 55.933°E﻿ / -67.400; 55.933) is a prominent peak, 1,270 m, standing 35 nautical miles (60 km) southwest of the head of Edward VIII Bay and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) west of Robert Glacier. It was discovered in February 1936 by DI personnel on the William Scoresby and was named for George W. Rayner, a zoologist on the DI staff and leader of the expedition.

Discovery Investigations
The Discovery Investigations were a series of scientific cruises and shore-based investigations into the biology of whales in the Southern Ocean. They were funded by the British Colonial Office and organised by the Discovery Committee in London, which was formed in 1918. They were intended to provide the scientific background to stock management of the commercial Antarctic whale fishery.

Discovery Investigations contributed greatly to knowledge of the whales, the krill they fed on and their habitat's oceanography, while charting the local topography, including Atherton Peak. They continued until 1951, with the final report published in 1980.

Collected specimens are in the Discovery Collections.
Sailing Federation of North Macedonia
The Sailing Federation of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Едриличарска Федерација на Македонија, romanized: Edriličarska Federacija na Makedonija) is the national governing body for the sport of sailing in North Macedonia, recognised by the International Sailing Federation.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Firebirds (album)
Firebirds is a 1968 album by two American jazz musicians, Prince Lasha (alto saxophone, flute, alto clarinet) and Sonny Simmons (alto saxophone, English horn). Other participating musicians in this album were bassist Buster Williams, drummer Charles Moffett and vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson.

Bassist
A bassist (also known as a bass player or bass guitarist) is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar (electric bass, acoustic bass), keyboard bass (synth bass) or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or trombone. Many musical genres tend to be associated with at least one or more of these instruments.
Szczytt
Niemirowicz-Szczytt (Polish: [ɲɛmiˈrɔvit͡ʂ ˈʂt͡ʂɨt]; plural in Polish Niemirowiczowie-Szczyttowie) was a noble Polish family. It used Jastrzębiec coat of arms. They also used another forms of surname like Niemirowicz-Szczyt, Szczytt-Niemirowicz, Szczyt-Niemirowicz, Szczytt or Szczyt.

The family is directly descended from Jan Niemira of Wsielub, the boyar coming from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who was adopted during the Union of Horodło by Wojciech Jastrzębiec, the then bishop of Kraków and granted Polish coat of arm Jastrzębiec.

Szczytt family belonged to the higher class of Lithuanian nobility (panięta) in the first half of 16th century.

Archbishop of Kraków
The archbishop of Kraków is the head of the archdiocese of Kraków. A bishop of Kraków first came into existence when the diocese was created in 1000; it was promoted to an archdiocese on 28 October 1925. Due to Kraków's role as Poland's political, cultural and spiritual center, the bishops and archbishops of Kraków were often very influential in the city, country and abroad. From 1443 to 1791, bishops of Kraków were simultaneously Dukes of Siewierz, although it was only Adam Stefan Sapieha who officially abandoned the title.
Copper coulometer
The copper coulometer is a coulometer consisting of two identical copper electrodes immersed in a slightly acidic pH-buffered solution of copper(II) sulfate (copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode). Passing of current through the element leads to the anodic dissolution of the metal on anode and simultaneous deposition of copper ions on the cathode. These reactions have 100% efficiency over a wide range of current density.

Buffer solution
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
Ghislain Deslandes
Ghislain Deslandes is a philosopher born in Angers (France) on the 16th of August 1970.

His interdisciplinary discourse spans such topics as management science, leadership studies and postmodern theology.

At ESCP Business School, he is full professor and a member of the Law, Economics and Humanities department and he is best known as the academic director of the Media programme since 1997, a pioneer in Europe in the fields of media economics and media management.

He received the EFMD-FNEGE Best Essay award in 2015 and the 1st ESCP Research award in 2019.

He is also a former program director at the Collège International de Philosophie (CIPh) and a full member of the Société Française de Philosophie.

Postmodern theology
Postmodern theology, also known as the continental philosophy of religion, is a philosophical and theological movement that interprets Christian theology in light of postmodernism and various forms of post-Heideggerian thought, including post-structuralism, phenomenology, and deconstruction.
Jihad Ahmed Mustafa Dhiab
Jihad Ahmed Mustafa Dhiab also known as Abu Wa'el Dhiab was born in Lebanon on July 10, 1971. He was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States' Guantanamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba until he was released to Uruguay.
His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 722. Dhiab was one of the Guantanamo hunger strikers.

He, along with five other Guantanamo prisoners, was granted asylum by Uruguay in exchange for a trade agreement to allow Uruguay to sell oranges to the US. On December 7, 2014, he was released to Uruguay.

Right of asylum
The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (asylum from Ancient Greek  ἄσυλον (ásulon) 'sanctuary'), is a juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another entity which in medieval times could offer sanctuary. This right was recognized by the Ancient Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Hebrews, from whom it was adopted into Western tradition. René Descartes fled to the Netherlands, Voltaire to England, and Thomas Hobbes to France, because each state offered protection to persecuted foreigners. Contemporary right of asylum is founded on the non-binding Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Lasiodiscus rozeirae
Lasiodiscus rozeirae is a small tree in the family Rhamnaceae. It was first described in 1958 by Arthur Wallis Exell after a specimen collected by Portuguese botanist Arnaldo Rozeira from São Tomé Island in the Gulf of Guinea. The species has not been found since it was collected in 1954. It is not known whether there is still an extant population.

Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea (French: Golfe de Guinée; Spanish: Golfo de Guinea; Portuguese: Golfo da Guiné) is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. Null Island, defined as the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude), is in the gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
Verkhnesaldinsky District
Verkhnesaldinsky District (Russian: Верхнесалдинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Verkhnesaldinsky Urban Okrug. Its administrative center is the town of Verkhnyaya Salda. Population (excluding the administrative center): 3,306 (2010 Census);  3,669 (2002 Census); 26,470 (1989 Soviet census).

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
Bottom of the World (Defiance)
"Bottom of the World" is the tenth episode of the second season of the American science fiction series Defiance, and the series' twenty-second episode overall. It was aired on August 21, 2014. The episode was written by Anupam Nigam and directed by Andy Wolk. The episode aired back-to-back with the next episode, "Doll Parts".

Defiance season 2
The second season of the American science fiction television series Defiance premiered on Syfy in its new Thursday night timeslot June 19, 2014 and ended on August 28, 2014. The show consisted a total of 13 episodes. The show stars Grant Bowler, Julie Benz, Stephanie Leonidas, Tony Curran, Jaime Murray, Graham Greene, Jesse Rath and James Murray.

The series is produced by Universal Cable Productions, in transmedia collaboration with Trion Worlds, who have released an MMORPG video game of the same name which is tied into the series.
Megascolecidae
Megascolecidae is a family of earthworms native to Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, Asia, and North America. At up to 2 meters in length, their large size distinguishes the Megascolecidae from other earthworm families. They are an essential part of maintaining soil structure, minor carbon sequestration, and maintaining terrestrial ecosystems.

Terrestrial ecosystem
Terrestrial ecosystems are ecosystems that are found on land. Examples include tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, grassland, deserts.

Terrestrial ecosystems differ from aquatic ecosystems by the predominant presence of soil rather than water at the surface and by the extension of plants above this soil/water surface in terrestrial ecosystems. There is a wide range of water availability among terrestrial ecosystems (including water scarcity in some cases), whereas water is seldom a limiting factor to organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Because water buffers temperature fluctuations, terrestrial ecosystems usually experience greater diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations than do aquatic ecosystems in similar climates.

Terrestrial ecosystems are of particular importance especially in meeting Sustainable Development Goal 15 that targets the conservation-restoration and  sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.
Narmada Prasad Gupta
Narmada Prasad Gupta is an Indian urologist, medical researcher, writer and the chairman of Academics and Research Division Urology at the Medanta, the Medicity, New Delhi. He is credited with over 10,000 urological surgical procedures and the highest number of urology robotics (URobotic) surgeries in India. He is a former head of the department of urology of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi and a former president of the Urological Society of India. He received the Dr. B. C. Roy Award, the highest Indian award in the medical category, from the Medical Council of India in 2005. The government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2007, for his contributions to Indian medicine.

Urology robotics
Urology Robotics, or URobotics, is a new interdisciplinary field for the application of robots in urology and for the development of such systems and novel technologies in this clinical discipline. Urology is among the medical fields with the highest rate of technology advances, which for several years has included the use medical robots.
Douglas McGowan
Douglas McGowan, MC (November 18, 1915 – October 25, 1989) was a Canadian politician and businessman. He represented 3rd Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1959 to 1966 as a Progressive Conservative.

McGowan was born in 1915 in Kilmuir, Prince Edward Island. He married Elizabeth Margaret Watson in 1945. McGowan attended Mount Allison University, and was a businessman by career. He established McGowan Motors in Montague, Prince Edward Island. McGowan was also a municipal councillor, serving as deputy mayor of Montague from 1951 to 1955.

McGowan entered provincial politics in the 1959 election, when he defeated Liberal incumbent Keir Clark by 58 votes to become councillor for the electoral district of 3rd Kings. He was re-elected in the 1962 election. McGowan did not re-offer in the 1966 election.

McGowan died in Montague on October 25, 1989.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Molly Hill
Molly Hill (54°1′S 38°4′W﻿ / ﻿54.017°S 38.067°W﻿ / -54.017; -38.067) is a hill between Evermann Cove and Johnson Cove on western Bird Island, South Georgia, an island in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The name derives from the black-browed albatross or "mollymawk" (Diomedea melanophris) which breeds on the hill in large numbers. According to the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, the name has been in local usage since at least 1963.

Another Molly Hill is on The Razorback, a ridge to the south of the summit pyramid of Mount Feathertop, Victoria, Australia. It was named after Molly Hill, a skier who died nearby in September 1932. A cairn with a memorial plaque is near the top of the hill.

Evermann Cove
Evermann Cove (54°1′S 38°4′W﻿ / ﻿54.017°S 38.067°W﻿ / -54.017; -38.067) is a cove 0.2 nautical miles (0.4 km) long, lying just southwest of Jordan Cove along the south side of Bird Island, South Georgia. It was surveyed by the South Georgia Biological Expedition, 1958–59, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 for Barton W. Evermann, an American zoologist on the staff of the United States Fish Commission from 1891 to 1903 and its successor, the United States Bureau of Fisheries, from 1903 to 1914, and a specialist in administrative and legal problems relating to the fur seal.
Sibling relationship
Siblings play a unique role in one another's lives that simulates the companionship of parents as well as the influence and assistance of friends. Because siblings often grow up in the same household, they have a large amount of exposure to one another, like other members of the immediate family. However, though a sibling relationship can have both hierarchical and reciprocal elements, this relationship tends to be more egalitarian and symmetrical than with family members of other generations. Furthermore, sibling relationships often reflect the overall condition of cohesiveness within a family.

Siblings normally spend more time with each other during their childhood than they do with parents or anyone else; they trust and cherish each other, so betrayal by one sibling could cause problems for that person physically as well as mentally and emotionally. Sibling relationships are often the longest-lasting relationship in individuals' lives.

Symmetric relation
A symmetric relation is a type of binary relation. Formally, a binary relation R over a set X is symmetric if:

where the notation aRb means that (a, b) ∈ R.

An example is the relation "is equal to", because if a = b is true then b = a is also true. If RT represents the converse of R, then R is symmetric if and only if R = RT.

Symmetry, along with reflexivity and transitivity, are the three defining properties of an equivalence relation.
HP Warta
HP Warta is a handball club, based on Hisingen in Gothenburg, Sweden. The male team has played 16 seasons in Elitserien. The female team won the Elitserien regular season 1997. Their home venue is Lundbystrand.

Handbollsligan
Handbollsligan (literally, "The Handball league") is the highest league in the league system of Swedish handball, and comprises the top 14 Swedish handball teams. The first season began in 1931–32. The season ends with a playoff.
Mechanical rectifier
A mechanical rectifier is a device for converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) by means of mechanically operated switches.  The best-known type is the commutator, which is an integral part of a DC dynamo, but before solid-state devices became available, independent mechanical rectifiers were used for certain applications. Before the invention of semiconductors, rectification at high currents involved serious losses.

There were various vacuum/gas devices, such as the mercury arc rectifiers, thyratrons, ignitrons, and vacuum diodes. Solid-state technology was in its infancy, represented by copper oxide and selenium rectifiers. All of these gave excessive forward voltage drop at high currents. One answer was mechanically opening and closing contacts, if this could be done quickly and cleanly enough.

Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).  The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD), a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on rotating disks.