hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disputation of Lausanne
The Disputation of Lausanne was a disputatio that took place in Lausanne Cathedral from October 1 to 8, 1536, between Catholics and Protestants. At the end of the dispute, the Bernese authorities declared victory for the Protestant side and proclaimed edicts of Reformation that made Catholic worship illegal in the Vaud area.

Lausanne Cathedral
The Cathedral of Our Lady of Lausanne (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Lausanne), or simply Lausanne Cathedral, is a  Swiss Reformed church located in the city of Lausanne, in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. It is owned by the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Vaud.
D. J. Caruso
Daniel John Caruso Jr. (/kəˈruːsoʊ/; born January 17, 1965) is an American film and television director, screenwriter, and producer. His work encompasses a variety of genres, including thriller (Disturbia, Taking Lives), drama (Standing Up), horror (The Disappointments Room), and action (I Am Number Four, XXX: Return of Xander Cage). He has also directed episodes of television series such as The Shield, Over There, Smallville, and Dark Angel.

Over There (American TV series)
Over There is an American action war drama television series co-created by Steven Bochco and Chris Gerolmo and produced by 20th Century Fox Television. It premiered in the United States on July 27, 2005, on FX and in Canada on September 6, 2005, on the History Television channel. The series was presented in 16:9 widescreen format in the United States and the United Kingdom, and mastered in high definition.

FX formally announced on November 1, 2005, that the show would not be returning due to declining ratings. The thirteenth and final episode of the series, "Follow the Money", aired in the United States on October 26, 2005.
Sikeston (horse)
Sikeston (foaled 9 April 1986 – after 2003) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who had his greatest success in Italy. In five years on the track, he ran 34 times and won 11 races, seven of them at Group 1 level, three at Group 2 and one at Group 3 and was also placed in several major races. He produced most of his best performances on soft or heavy going. He won the Gran Criterium as a two-year-old in 1988 and the Premio Parioli in the following spring. As a four-year-old in 1990 he won the Premio Natale di Roma, Premio Ribot and Premio Vittorio di Capua. In the following season he took the Premio Vittorio di Capua for a second time as well as the Premio Presidente della Repubblica, Queen Anne Stakes and Premio Roma. In his final season on the track he won a second Premio Presidente della Repubblica and the Irish International Stakes.

Premio Ribot
The Premio Ribot is a Group 3 flat horse race in Italy open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Capannelle over a distance 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October or early November.

The event is named after Ribot, a successful Italian-trained racehorse in the mid-1950s. It was given Group 2 status in the 1970s. It was downgraded to Group 3 from 2015.

The Premio Ribot was usually held on the first or second Sunday in November and staged on the same day as the Premio Roma. Since 2015 it has been held a week earlier than usual, at the same meeting as the Premio Lydia Tesio.
Betty Haig
Elizabeth Haig (1905–1987) was a British racing driver who competed in rallying, hill climbs and historic racing. She won the 1936 Olympic Rally, the first and last time after 1900 that an automobile race was part of the Olympic Games.

Hillclimbing
Hillclimbing, also known as hill climbing, speed hillclimbing, or speed hill climbing, is a branch of motorsport in which drivers compete against the clock to complete an uphill course. It is one of the oldest forms of motorsport, since the first known hillclimb at La Turbie near Nice, France, took place as long ago as 31 January 1897. The hillclimb held at Shelsley Walsh, in Worcestershire, England, is the world's oldest continuously staged motorsport event still staged on its original course, having been first run in 1905.
Trichocline heterophylla
Trichocline heterophylla  is a plant in the family Asteraceae family, native to Uruguay.

It was first described i 1826 by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel as Onoseris heterophylla, but in 1830 was transferred to the genus Trichocline by Christian Friedrich Lessing.

The species epithet, heterophylla, is derived from the Greek heteros ("other" or "different"), and phyllon ("leaf") giving an adjective which describes the plant as having varied leaves.

Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel
Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (3 August 1766 – 15 March 1833) was a German botanist and physician who published an influential multivolume history of medicine, Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde (1792–99 in four volumes with later editions running to five) and several other medical reference works.
MacBird!
MacBird! is a 1966 satire by Barbara Garson. It was self-published ('Grassy Knoll Press') as a pamphlet, and the full text appeared in the December 1966 issue of Ramparts magazine. It was staged in February 1967.

The play superimposes the John F. Kennedy assassination onto the plot of Shakespeare's Macbeth.

Pamphlet
A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a leaflet, or it may consist of a few pages that are folded and saddle stapled or sewn at the crease to make a simple book.

In the "International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals", UNESCO defines a pamphlet as "a non-periodical printed publication of 5 to 48 pages, excluding covers, published in a specific country and available to the public," while a book is "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, excluding covers." These definitions are intended solely for UNESCO's book production statistics.
Eggleston Motorsport
Eggleston Motorsport is an Australian motor racing team which is currently competing in the Dunlop Super2 Series, Dunlop Super3 Series and the Australian GT Championship. The team's current Super2 drivers are Zach Bates, Jordyn Sinni, Elliott Cleary, Cody Burcher and Bradi Owen.

EMS was born out of Eggleston Motorsport & Service Centre. The motorsport division is now the primary driver for the operation. EMS has been a key competitor in the Dunlop Series since 2010. Team co-owner Rachael Wagg said in December 2014 that the team was interested in a wildcard V8 Supercar entry or even an endurance campaign, though was not currently considering stepping into the main series in the near future.

Super2 Series
The Dunlop Super2 Series (formerly known as Dunlop Series, Fujitsu V8 Supercars Series, HPDC V8 Supercars Series, Konica Minolta V8 Supercars Series and Konica V8 Supercars/Lites Series) is an Australian touring car racing competition, specifically the second tier series for Supercars competitors. Competing vehicles are older than those utilised in the Supercars Championship series and are usually run by smaller teams with lower budgets.

The vast majority of drivers in the Supercars Championship have raced at least one season in the Super2 Series Championship.  For parts of its history, competing in the Super2 Series was required for most drivers to qualify for a Motorsport Australia Superlicence, which is required to compete in the Supercars Championship, or was enforced as a separate requirement by the Supercars Championship organisers.
Pingree
Pingree is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chellie Pingree (born 1955), Representative to the U.S. House of Representatives for Maine's 1st District

David Pingree (1933–2005), American historian of mathematics

Hannah Pingree (born 1976), former Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives.

Hazen S. Pingree (1840–1901), American politician

Sally E. Pingree, American philanthropist

Samuel E. Pingree (1832–1922), American politician and Civil War veteran

Chellie Pingree
Chellie Marie Pingree (/ˈʃɛli ˈpɪŋɡriː/ SHELL-ee PING-gree; born Rochelle Marie Johnson; April 2, 1955) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Maine's 1st congressional district since 2009. Her district includes most of the southern part of the state, centered around the Portland area.

A member of the Democratic Party, Pingree was a member of the Maine Senate from 1992 to 2000, serving as majority leader for her last four years. She ran for the United States Senate in 2002, losing to incumbent Republican Susan Collins. From 2003 until 2006, she was president and CEO of Common Cause. She is the first Democratic woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine.
James Conway Brown
James Conway Brown (1838 – 1908) was a Welsh musician. His father was also called James Brown, and was one of the proprietors of the Blaina iron-works, Monmouthshire for a time.

James attended Camberwell Collegiate School and King's College London, before joining his uncle, Thomas Brown, managing director of Ebbw Vale iron-works at Ebbw Vale to train as an Iron-master. He was more interested in music however, and performed as a pianist, violinist, and also as an organist in a number of places of worship.

After deciding to leave his business career for a career in music, he was appointed, in 1869, organist of Aldershot parish church. In 1875 he took up a position as organist of Hale church, near Farnham, and in 1879, of the parish church of Farnham.

His published works include a sonata in E major for violin and pianoforte; this work was awarded the Sir Michael Costa prize by the Trinity College of Music, London. He died in April 1908.

Blaina
Blaina (/ˈblaɪnə/ BLEYE-nə Welsh: Blaenau Welsh pronunciation: [ˈbleɨnaɨ]) is a town, situated deep within the South Wales Valleys between Brynmawr and Abertillery in the County Borough of Blaenau Gwent, ancient parish of Aberystruth, preserved county of Gwent and historic county of Monmouthshire. The place name is derived from the Welsh word blaenau "uplands". As of 2011, the town has a population of 4,808.
Nilsson Schmilsson
Nilsson Schmilsson is the seventh studio album by American singer Harry Nilsson, released by RCA Records on November 11, 1971. It was Nilsson's most commercially successful work, producing three of his best-known songs. Among these was the number 1 hit "Without You", written by Pete Ham and Tom Evans of the group Badfinger. The album was the first of two Nilsson albums recorded in London and produced by Richard Perry.

"Jump into the Fire" and "Coconut", both written by Nilsson, also became hits. The album performed well at the 1973 Grammy Awards, earning a nomination for Album of the Year, while "Without You" won the Grammy for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. In 2006, Nilsson Schmilsson was ranked number 84 on Pitchfork's "Top 100 Albums of the 1970s".  The album was ranked #281 in the 2020 revision of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.

Pete Ham
Peter William Ham (27 April 1947 – 24 April 1975) was a Welsh musician and songwriter who was the lead vocalist and composer of the rock band Badfinger from 1961 until his death in 1975. He also co-wrote the ballad "Without You", a worldwide number one hit for Harry Nilsson that has become a standard covered by hundreds of artists. Ham was granted two Ivor Novello Awards related to the song in 1973.

Ham died by suicide in 1975 at the age of 27 after Badfinger was financially ruined by their fraudulent manager Stan Polley.
Dorrit
Dorrit is a feminine given name. Persons bearing the name include:

Amy Dorrit, known as "Little Dorrit", the heroine of Charles Dickens' novel of the same name (1855-7)
As an English surname, Dorrit may be a variant of the surname Durward, or a matronymic derived from the given name Dorothy.

Dorrit Black (1891–1951), Australian artist

Dorrit Dekk (1917–2014), Czech-British artist

Dorrit Hoffleit (1907–2007), American astronomer

Dorrit Jacob, German-Australian geochemist

Dorrit Kristensen (born 1938), Danish swimmer

Dorrit Moussaieff (born 1950), First Lady of Iceland

Dorrit Reventlow (born 1942), Danish translator, benefactor, philanthropist, social activist, and widow of Prince Dimitri Romanov

Dorrit Weixler (1892–1916), German actress

Dorrit Willumsen (born 1940), Danish writer

Dorrit Willumsen
Dorrit Willumsen (born 31 August 1940 in Nørrebro, Copenhagen) is a Danish writer. She made her literary debut in 1965 with the short story collection Knagen.

She was awarded the Danish Critics Prize for Literature in 1983. In 1995 she was awarded the Søren Gyldendal Prize. In 1997 she was awarded the Nordic Council's Literature Prize for the novel Bang. En roman om Herman Bang. She married the playwright Jess Ørnsbo in 1963, and their son Tore Ørnsbo (1970-) is also a writer.
Theater Dortmund
Theater Dortmund is a theatrical organization that produces operas, musicals, ballets, plays, and concerts in Dortmund, Germany. It was founded as the Stadttheater Dortmund in 1904. Supported by the German Government, the organization owns and operates several performance spaces.

In 2010, the Ruhr district was a European Capital of Culture, Theater Dortmund is a partner of the related program RUHR.2010 in the fields Music and Theater and Dance.

Ruhr.2010
Ruhr.2010 – Kulturhauptstadt Europas was the name of the campaign in Germany's Ruhr region that earned it recognition as a European Capital of Culture in 2010. This was the first time a region was considered, as Essen represented all 53 towns in the region in the application. Other cultural capitals were in the same year the Hungarian Pécs (Pécs2010) and Istanbul in Turkey, where similar campaigns were held.
Cleco Holdings
Cleco Corporate Holdings LLC (formerly the Central Louisiana Electric Company) is an electric power company headquartered in the Central Louisiana city Pineville. It operates a regulated electric utility company, Cleco Power, that serves approximately 290,000 retail customers in Louisiana. Cleco also operates an unregulated wholesale electricity business.

Electric utility
An electric utility, power utility, electric company, or power company is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility) that engages in electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market. Electric utilities are major providers of energy in most countries.

Electric utilities include investor owned, publicly owned, cooperatives, and nationalized entities. They may be engaged in all or only some aspects of the industry. Electricity markets are also considered electric utilities—these entities buy and sell electricity, acting as brokers, but usually do not own or operate generation, transmission, or distribution facilities. Utilities are regulated by local and national authorities.

Electric utilities are facing increasing demands including aging infrastructure, reliability, and regulation.

In 2009, the French company EDF was the world's largest producer of electricity.
Sanjaya Kumar Mishra
Sanjaya Kumar Mishra (born 29 December 1961) is an Indian former judge, who served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court. He was a judge of Uttarakhand High Court. He previously served as Acting Chief Justice of Uttarakhand High Court and judge of Orissa High Court.

Orissa High Court
The Orissa High Court is the High Court for the Indian state of Odisha.

The then Bengal Presidency was a vast province including present day Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. It was difficult to administratively manage such a vast area, inhabited by people speaking different languages and having different traditions. Administrative exigencies required separation of such areas which originally did not form part of Bengal. So, the new province of Bihar and Odisha was formed on 22 March 1912. However, the said new province of Bihar and Odisha was under the jurisdiction of the Calcutta High Court.
1936 Brownlow Medal
The 1936 Brownlow Medal was the 13th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Denis Ryan of the Fitzroy Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-six votes during the 1936 VFL season.

1936 VFL season
The 1936 VFL season was the 40th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 2 May until 3 October, and comprised an 18-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs.

The premiership was won by the Collingwood Football Club for the eleventh time and second time consecutively, after it defeated South Melbourne by eleven points in the 1936 VFL grand final.
Johann Theodor Roemhildt
Johann Theodor Roemhildt (3 October 1684 – 26 October 1756) was a German Baroque composer born in Salzungen. As a child, he studied in Ruhla with Johann Jacob Bach; and from age thirteen on at St. Thomas' School, Leipzig under Johann Schelle and Johann Kuhnau. His fellow students included Christoph Graupner, Johann Friedrich Fasch and Johann David Heinichen.

Roemhildt was court kapellmeister to Heinrich Duke of Saxony (1661–1738) at Merseburg, where he later died.

St. Thomas School, Leipzig
St. Thomas School, Leipzig (German: Thomasschule zu Leipzig; Latin: Schola Thomana Lipsiensis) is a co-educational and public boarding school in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. It was founded by the Augustinians in 1212 and is one of the oldest schools in the world.

St. Thomas is known for its art, language and music education. Johann Sebastian Bach held the position of Thomaskantor from 1723 until his death in 1750. His responsibilities included providing young musicians for church services in Leipzig.
The Humanistic Gymnasium has a very long list of distinguished former students, including Richard Wagner (1813–1883) and many members of the Bach family, including Johann Sebastian Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788).

From the 800-Year Anniversary Celebration in 2012 the Thomanerchor and St. Thomas School has been part of Forum Thomanum, an internationally oriented educational campus.
EnServe
EnServe Group Limited (formerly Spice Limited) is a support services company headquartered in Macclesfield, United Kingdom which provides infrastructure services to the utility sector.

Formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange and a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index, it was wholly owned by the private equity company Cinven between 2010 and 2016, when it was bought by Rubicon and Grovepoint.

FTSE 250 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 250 Index, also called the FTSE 250 Index, FTSE 250, or, informally, the "Footsie 250" /ˈfʊtsi/, is a stock market index that consists of the 101st to the 350th mid-cap blue chip companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
General Director of Roscosmos
The General Director of Roscosmos is the highest-ranked official of Roscosmos, the space agency of the Russian Federation. The director serves as the senior space science adviser to the President of Russia.

The deputy director of Roscosmos serves as the agency's second in command and is responsible to the administrator for providing overall leadership, planning, and policy direction for the agency. They represent Roscosmos to the Presidential Administration, State Duma, heads of federal and other appropriate government agencies, international organizations, and external organizations and communities. They also oversee the day-to-day work of Roscosmos’ functional offices.

The first director was Yuri Koptev; who led the agency during a financial crisis, and established tourist flights to space, and was also the longest-running director, who held the post from 1992 to 2004.

The current director Dmitry Bakanov, was appointed by President Vladimir Putin on 6 February 2025.

Space Adventures
Space Adventures, Inc. is an American space tourism company founded in 1998 by Eric C. Anderson. Its offerings include zero-gravity atmospheric flights, orbital spaceflights (with the option to participate in a spacewalk), and other spaceflight-related experiences including cosmonaut training, spacewalk training, and launch tours. Plans announced thus far include sub-orbital and lunar spaceflights, though these are not being actively pursued at present. Nine of its clients have participated in the orbital spaceflight program with Space Adventures, including one who took two separate trips to space.
Sixth borough
The term sixth borough is used to describe any of a number of places that are not politically within the borders of any of the five boroughs of New York City but have been referred to as a metaphorical part of the city by virtue of their geographic location, demographic composition, special affiliation with New York City, or cosmopolitan character. They include adjacent cities and counties in the New York metropolitan area as well as in other states, U.S. territories, and foreign countries.

Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all human beings are members of a single community. Its adherents are known as cosmopolitan or cosmopolite. Cosmopolitanism is both prescriptive and aspirational, believing humans can and should be "world citizens" in a "universal community". The idea encompasses different dimensions and avenues of community, such as promoting universal moral standards, establishing global political structures, or developing a platform for mutual cultural expression and tolerance.

For example, Kwame Anthony Appiah articulates a cosmopolitan community where individuals from varying locations (physical, economic, etc.) enter relationships of mutual respect despite their differing beliefs (religious, political, etc.). In a looser but related sense, "cosmopolitan" is also used to describe places where people of various ethnic, cultural and/or religious backgrounds live together and interact with each other.
Ahmed Al-Merjabi
Ahmed Mohamed Al-Merjabi (born 9 September 1990 in Ibra, Oman) is an Omani runner. He was scheduled to compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 400 m event but injured his foot in training and did not start the race.

Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, was held at the Olympic Stadium on 4–6 August. Forty-nine athletes from 38 nations competed. The event was won by 0.52 seconds by Kirani James of Grenada, earning the country its first Olympic medal. Luguelín Santos's silver was the Dominican Republic's first medal in the men's 400 metres. Lalonde Gordon's bronze was Trinidad and Tobago's first medal in the event since 1964.

It was only the fourth time that no American was on the podium—following 1908 (where a rules dispute led to disqualification of one of the Americans in the final and the refusal of the other two Americans to run in protest), 1920 (where the top American came in fourth with the same time as the silver and bronze medalists) and 1980 (when the United States boycotted the Games entirely).

It was the first time in any Olympic event that three different Caribbean nations shared the podium.