hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Obesity Surgery
Obesity Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering bariatric surgery. It was established in 1991 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. It is the official journal of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. The editor-in-chief is Scott Shikora (Brigham and Women's Hospital).  According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 3.346. According to Web of Science, the 2024 Journal Impact Factor has been 2,9, ranking it in the first quartile of the category "Surgery".

The journal is the official publication of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders.

Web of Science
The Web of Science (WoS; previously known as Web of Knowledge) is a paid-access platform that provides (typically via the internet) access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other documents in various academic disciplines.

Until 1997, it was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information. It is currently owned by Clarivate.

Web of Science currently contains 79 million records in the core collection and 171 million records on the platform.
Drescher
Drescher (/ˈdrɛʃər/ DRESH-ər, German: [ˈdʁɛʃɐ]; Yiddish: דרעשער [ˈdrɛʃər]) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Drescher (1921–1968), American baseball player

Carl Wilhelm Drescher (1850–1925), Austrian violinist and composer

Dick Drescher (born 1946), American discus thrower

Fran Drescher (born 1957), American film and television actress and comedian

Gary Drescher, scientist in the field of artificial intelligence

Jack Drescher (born 1951), American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst

Ludvig Drescher (1881–1917), Danish amateur football player

Manuela Drescher (born 1965), East German cross country skier

Otto Drescher (1895–1944), highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II

Seymour Drescher (born 1934), American historian and professor

Thomas Drescher (born 1978), German football player

Otto Drescher
Otto Johann Drescher (5 October 1895 – 13 August 1944) was a German general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Drescher died on 13 August 1944 in Memel (Klaipėda).
Jiayang Sun
Jiayang Sun is an American statistician whose research has included work on simultaneous confidence bands for multiple comparisons, selection bias, mixture models, Gaussian random fields, machine learning, big data, statistical computing, graphics, and applications in biostatistics, biomedical research, software bug tracking, astronomy, and intellectual property law. She is a statistics professor, Bernard J. Dunn Eminent Scholar, and chair of the statistics department at George Mason University, and a former president of the Caucus for Women in Statistics.

Gaussian random field
In statistics, a Gaussian random field (GRF) is a random field involving Gaussian probability density functions of the variables. A one-dimensional GRF is also called a Gaussian process.  An important special case of a GRF is the Gaussian free field.

With regard to applications of GRFs, the initial conditions of physical cosmology generated by quantum mechanical fluctuations during cosmic inflation are thought to be a GRF with a nearly scale invariant spectrum.
Tiga GC289
The Tiga GC289 is a sports prototype race car, designed, developed, and built by British manufacturer Tiga Race Cars, for sports car racing, conforming to the Group C2/IMSA GTP Lights rules and regulations, in 1989.

Group C
Group C was a category of sports car racing introduced by the FIA in 1982 and continuing until 1993, with Group A for touring cars and Group B for GTs.

It was designed to replace both Group 5 special production cars (closed top touring prototypes like Porsche 935) and Group 6 two-seat racing cars (open-top sportscar prototypes like Porsche 936). Group C was used in the FIA's World Endurance Championship (1982–1985), World Sports-Prototype Championship (1986–1990), World Sportscar Championship (1991–1992) and in the European Endurance Championship (1983 only). It was also used for other sports car racing series around the globe (All Japan Sports Prototype Championship, Supercup, Interserie). The final year for the class came in 1993, thereafter being replaced by Group GT1.

Broadly similar rules were used in the North American IMSA Grand Touring Prototype series (GTP).
Antiphemus
Antiphemus (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίφημος) was a man from ancient Greece from Rhodes who was the founder of Gela, around 690 BCE. The colony was composed of Rhodians and Cretans, the latter led by Entimus the Cretan, the former chiefly from Lindus, and to this town Antiphemus himself belonged.

From the Etymologicum Magnum and Aristaenetus in Stephanus of Byzantium it appears the tale ran that Antiphemus and his brother Lacius, the founder of Phaselis, were, when at Delphi, suddenly bid to go forth, one eastward, one westward; and from his laughing at the unexpected response, the city took its name. From Pausanias we hear of his taking the Sicanian town of Omphace as an oikistes, and carrying off from it a statue made by the legendary Daedalus.

The 19th century scholar Karl Otfried Müller considered Antiphemus a mythical person.

Daedalus
In Greek mythology, Daedalus (UK: /ˈdiːdələs/, US: /ˈdɛdələs/ ⓘ; Greek: Δαίδαλος; Latin: Daedalus; Etruscan: Taitale) was a skillful architect and craftsman, seen as a symbol of wisdom, knowledge and power. He is the father of Icarus, the uncle of Perdix, and possibly also the father of Iapyx. Among his most famous creations are the wooden cow for Pasiphaë, the Labyrinth for King Minos of Crete which imprisoned the Minotaur, and wings that he and his son Icarus used to attempt to escape Crete. It was during this escape that Icarus did not listen to his father's warnings and flew too close to the Sun; the wax holding his wings together melted and Icarus fell to his death.
2006 Civic Democratic Party leadership election
A leadership election was held in the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) on 19 November 2006 following the 2006 parliamentary elections. Incumbent leader Mirek Topolánek ran unopposed and received 70% of the vote. Topolánek then started to negotiate a coalition government.

Second cabinet of Mirek Topolánek
The Government of the Czech Republic since January 9, 2007 was formed by a coalition of the victorious Civic Democratic Party (ODS, 9 seats) with the small Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU-ČSL, 5 seats) and the Green Party (SZ, 4 seats). It had 18 members; initially four of the appointed ministers were women but two subsequently resigned and were replaced with men. On 24 March 2009, during the Czech presidency of the European Union, Topolánek's second cabinet suffered defeat in a parliamentary vote of no confidence, 101–96, in the 200-seat lower house. Prime minister Topolánek stated that he would resign. It happened in May, 2009.
North East Liberties of Coleraine
The North East Liberties of Coleraine (named after Coleraine town) is a barony in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It borders the north-eastern coastline of County Londonderry and is bordered by three other baronies: Coleraine to the west and south-west; Dunluce Lower to the east; and Dunluce Upper to the south-east. The North East Liberties of Coleraine formed the north-western part of the medieval territory known as the Route.

The area was part of County Antrim from 1584 to 1613, when it became part of the new County Londonderry.

Route, County Antrim
54°57′29″N 6°30′22″W﻿ / ﻿54.958°N 6.506°W﻿ / 54.958; -6.506

The Route (Irish: An Rúta) was a medieval territory in Gaelic Ireland, located on the north-east coast of Ulster. It stretched between Coleraine and Ballycastle and as far south as the Clogh River. Originally part of Twescard, a county of the Earldom of Ulster, it was later ruled by the McQuillans and then the MacDonnells.
Gross Park
Gross Park is a public park in Lakeview, Chicago located at the 1700 West block of Henderson St between Paulina St and Ravenswood Ave.
Its maintenance is shared between  the Chicago Park District and  Gross Park Neighbors Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. 
Each summer the park hosts a Shakespeare in the Park event.

The park memorializes   Samuel Eberly Gross, the property developer of the neighborhood in the  1880’s.  He took inspiration from  the  boulevards of Europe and included a green space in his  urban plan for the area, which at the time was outside of the urban area of Chicago.

In 1998, the invasive Asian long-horned beetle caused the loss of many trees in the park; the Chicago Park District and  Gross Park Neighbors Foundation began restoration the following year. In 2008, the Illinois Department of Agriculture announced that it had eradicated the Asian long-horned beetle in Chicago.

Boulevard
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.

In Europe, boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.

In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane thoroughfares divided with only a central median.
Crown (tooth)
In dentistry, the crown is the visible part of the tooth above the gingival margin and is an essential component of dental anatomy. Covered by enamel, the crown plays a crucial role in cutting, tearing, and grinding food. Its shape and structure vary depending on the type and function of the tooth (incisors, canines, premolars, or molars), and differ between primary dentition and permanent dentition. The crown also contributes to facial aesthetics, speech, and oral health.

Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth. They are more developed in mammals. They are used primarily to grind food during chewing. The name molar derives from Latin, molaris dens, meaning "millstone tooth", from mola, millstone and dens, tooth. Molars show a great deal of diversity in size and shape across the mammal groups. The third molar of humans is sometimes vestigial.
Cinema of Uruguay
The cinema of Uruguay has a role in the culture of Uruguay and is a part of Latin American cinema.  Since the late 1990s, Uruguayan cinema has undergone a process of evolution, during which its films have received positive reviews and been internationally recognized. Over 120 films, fiction and non-fiction, have been produced since then. In particular, the first quarter of the 21st century has been extremely prolific.

Cinema of Latin America
Latin American cinema refers collectively to the film output and film industries of Latin America.  Latin American film is both rich and diverse, but the main centers of production have been Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Latin American cinema flourished after the introduction of sound, which added a linguistic barrier to the export of Hollywood film south of the border.
LPAR6
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6, also known as LPA6, P2RY5 and GPR87, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LPAR6 gene. LPA6 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA).

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors, that are preferentially activated by adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This gene aligns with an internal intron of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in the reverse orientation.

Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological cell signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis). One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized "on demand" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.
Colston (name)
Colston is a surname, and also a given name. The name has several origins.  It is sometimes from a Middle English given name Colstan, probably from Old Norse kol "charcoal" and steinn "stone".  It may also be an English habitation name, from Colston Bassett or Car Colston in Nottinghamshire, or from Coulston in Wiltshire.

Coulston
Coulston, formerly called East Coulston is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, five miles northeast of the town of Westbury, just north of the B3098 road. The village lies under the north slope of Salisbury Plain and the parish extends south onto the Plain. In 2021 the parish had a population of 133.

The parish has an elected parish council called Coulston Parish Council.

Coulston has a mix of old and new houses, about sixty-five in all. The number of buildings listed as of architectural or historic importance is thirteen (all listed Grade II). There is no shop or surviving public house.
Public Knowledge
Public Knowledge is an American non-profit public interest group based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 2001 by David Bollier, Gigi Sohn, and Laurie Racine, Public Knowledge is primarily involved in the fields of intellectual property law, competition and choice in the digital marketplace, and an open standards/end-to-end internet.

Advocacy
Advocacy is the set of activities by individuals or groups intended to influence decisions within political, economic, and social institutions. It encompasses tactics ranging from grassroots organizing and media campaigns to lobbying, strategic litigation, and coalition-building, and aims to change laws, budgets, institutional practices, and public opinion. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes, including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on a specific issue or specific piece of legislation. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.
2025 Copa de Primera
The 2025 Copa de Primera (officially the Copa de Primera Tigo – ueno bank 2025 for sponsorship reasons) was the 91st season of the División de Honor, the top-flight professional football league in Paraguay. The season, which consisted of two tournaments (Apertura and Clausura), began on 24 January and ended on 30 November 2025. The fixture draw for the season was held on 9 December 2024.

In the Torneo Apertura, Libertad won its twenty-sixth league championship, clinching the title with a 1–0 win over 2 de Mayo on 1 June, the final matchday of the tournament. The Torneo Clausura was won by Cerro Porteño, who claimed their thirty-fifth league title after defeating Tembetary 2–0 on 30 November. Olimpia entered the season as defending champions, having won the 2024 Clausura tournament.

Club 2 de Mayo
Club Sportivo 2 de Mayo is a Paraguayan football club in the city of Pedro Juan Caballero in Amambay who plays in the Primera División, after being promoted from División Intermedia in 2023. The club reached promotion to the Paraguayan Primera División for the first time in 2005.
Dino Dan
Dino Dan is a Canadian television series created and directed by J. J. Johnson. The series premiered on TVOKids in Canada on January 4, 2010, and ended on August 30, 2019. In the US, the series premiered on the Nick Jr. Channel on October 17, 2010 as an acquired series. The show was produced by Sinking Ship Entertainment, in association with TVOKids, Access, Knowledge Network, and SCN. A sequel of the series, Dino Dana, premiered on Amazon Prime on May 26, 2017. The show premiered on Universal Kids on October 6, 2018, three years after Nick Jr.'s rights to the series expired.

On February 4, 2013, it was reported that CITV had acquired and secured rights to air the series in the UK and eventually to re-air it on the channel.

Amazon Prime
Amazon Prime (styled as prime) is a paid subscription service of Amazon which is available in many countries and gives users access to additional services otherwise unavailable or available at a premium to other Amazon customers. Founded on February 2, 2005, services include logistics through same, one- or two-day delivery of goods, healthcare through the optional perk of One Medical primary care services, entertainment through streaming music, video, e-books, gaming, and grocery shopping services. In April 2021, Amazon reported that Prime had 200 million subscribers worldwide.
Philodoria naenaeiella
Philodoria naenaeiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It was first described by Otto Swezey in 1940. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu.

The larvae feed on Dubautia laxa and Hesperomannia arborescens swezeyi. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Willemse
Willemse is a Dutch patronymic surname (Willem's son), equivalent to English Williams and Williamson. Notable people with the surname include:

Ashwin Willemse (born 1981), South African rugby player

Bjorn Willemse (born 1983), Dutch ice hockey player

Cornelius Willemse (1871–1942), Dutch-born New York policeman

Damian Willemse (born 1992), South African rugby player

Hein Willemse (born 1957), South African literary critic and poet

Herman Willemse (1934–2021), Dutch marathon swimmer

Laurance Willemse (born 1962), South African cricket umpire

Laurien Willemse (born 1962) Dutch field hockey player

Mike Willemse (born 1993), South African rugby player

Nathaniel Willemse (born 1985), South African-born Australian singer and songwriter

Paul Willemse (born 1992), South African rugby player

Stan Willemse (1924–2011), English football defender

Stefan Willemse (born 1992), South African rugby player

Hein Willemse
Heinrich Stephen Samuel Willemse (born 18 September 1957, Ladismith, Cape Province) is a South African academic, literary critic, activist and author. He currently serves as professor in the Department of Afrikaans at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. He was the former editor-in-chief of the African literary journal Tydskrif vir Letterkunde (Journal for Literature).

As a young academic, Willemse played an active role in the opposition of apartheid, and along with other Afrikaans authors - including André Brink, Breyten Breytenbach and Etienne van Heerden - attended the historical Victoria Falls Writers' Conference in 1989, where various Afrikaans intellectuals met with banned South African authors and members of the African National Congress.
Gail Jonson
Gail Michelle Jonson (born 4 April 1965 in Hamilton, New Zealand) is a former medley and butterfly swimmer from New Zealand, who won a bronze medal in the women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay at the 1982 Commonwealth Games. She also represented her native country at 1984 Summer Olympics.

Medley swimming
Medley swimming is a combination of four different swimming strokes butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle (usually front crawl), into one race. This race is either swum by one swimmer as individual medley (IM) or by four swimmers as a medley relay.
McAlmond House
McAlmond House is a Gothic Revival farmhouse that built in 1862. The house stands on the bluffs of Dungeness near Sequim, Clallam County, Washington. 
The house is the only remain of the New Dungeness settlement, founded by New England sailors in the 1850s, and was built by ship's carpenters for the Captain Elijah H. McAlmond, which served as Justice of the Peace, first county commissioner, sheriff, Deputy United States Marshall, Probate Judge and, in 1863, as a member of the Territorial Legislature. The home remained in the McAlmond family until the mid-1900s, when the last remaining property was put up for sale.

Local legends claim that under Capt. McAlmond's stewardship, the bluffs under the house were used to smuggle Chinese into the United States.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
Chad Johnson (TV personality)
Brian Chad Johnson (born August 11, 1987) is an American reality television personality. He was a contestant on The Bachelorette, Bachelor in Paradise, Famously Single and Celebrity Big Brother UK, and also appeared in the second season of MTV's Ex on the Beach. In his appearance on The Bachelorette, Johnson was regarded as meeting the archetype of a reality television "villain".

Johnson was arrested in February 2020 for robbery with domestic violence enhancement charges involving his girlfriend. The arrest resulted in the cancellation of most of his TV appearances. He subsequently announced that he was starting a career in pornography. In August 2020, Johnson reached a deal with prosecutors in which he pleaded "no contest" to one count of vandalism and one count of intimidating a witness. He was sentenced to 36 months probation and domestic violence classes.

Ex on the Beach (American TV series) season 2
The second season of the American version of the reality television show Ex on the Beach, premiered on MTV on Thursday, December 20, 2018. It featured cast members from various reality television shows living together in California with their ex-partners.
Abd al-Masih Haddad
Abd al-Masih Haddad (Arabic: عبد المسيح حداد, ALA-LC: ʻAbd al-Masīḥ Ḥaddād; 1890–1963) was a Syrian writer of the Mahjar movement and journalist. His magazine As-Sayeh (The Traveler), started in 1912 and continued until 1957, presented the works of prominent Mahjari literary figures in the United States and became the "spokesman" of the Pen League which he co-founded with Nasib Arida in 1915 or 1916. His collection Hikayat al-Mahjar (The Stories of Expatriation), which he published in 1921, extended "the scope of the readership of fiction" in modern Arabic literature according to Muhammad Mustafa Badawi.

Modern Arabic literature
The instance that marked the shift in Arabic literature towards modern Arabic literature can be attributed to the contact between  Arab world and the West during the 19th and early 20th century. This contact resulted in the gradual replacement of Classical Arabic forms with Western ones. Genres like plays, novels, and short stories were coming to the fore. Although the exact date in which this reformation in literary production occurred is unknown, the rise of modern Arabic literature was "inseparable" from the Nahda, also referred to as the Arab Renaissance.

Aleppine writer Qustaki al-Himsi (1858–1941) is credited with having founded modern Arabic literary criticism, with one of his works, The researcher's source in the science of criticism.