hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amos Adams House
The Amos Adams House is a historic house in the Newton Corner village of Newton, Massachusetts.  Built in 1888, it is a prominent local example of Queen Anne architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 1986.

Newton Corner, Massachusetts
Newton Corner is one of the thirteen villages within the city of Newton in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. Newton Corner borders Brighton, a neighborhood of Boston, as well as the city of Watertown, Massachusetts. Newton Corner is divided by the Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90) with on-off access in both directions at Exit 127 (formerly exit 17) via a large, complicated roundabout nicknamed the "Newton Supercollider" and the "Circle of Death".

Newton Corner station formerly saw streetcar and commuter rail service; it now serves as a busy bus depot serving downtown express routes as well as local buses.
Doly (Karviná)
Doly (Polish: Kopalnie, lit. "mines") is a district of the city of Karviná in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It lies on the southwestern edge of the city, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and has a population of 810 (2001).

In the area of the district was located a settlement called Solca (Polish: Solca, German: Solza), historically an independent village, now abandoned.

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
Izzatullah
Izzatullah (عزت الله), also spelled Ezzatullah or Ezatullah, is a common masculine Muslim given name, formed from the elements Izzat and Allah, originally of Arabic origin and meaning 'majesty', 'honor' and 'might' of Allah.

The name is widespread among Muslim Turkic peoples in the form of the first names Izzatulla, Izzatullo, and Gizzatulla (Ğizzätulla), as well as adopted in Russian in the form of the Turkic family names Izzatulloev, Izzatullaev, Gizzatullin (corrupted versions: Gizzatulin/Izzatulin, Gizatullin/Izatullin, Gizatulin/Izatulin). Variants of the name are Ayzatulla and Ayzat.

In Turkish the name is İzzetullah.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Yeşiloba, Seyhan
Yeşiloba is a neighbourhood (mahalle) in the municipality and district of Seyhan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,242 (2022). The neighbourhood is situated on both sides of D400 state road, 8 km west of the historical downtown of Adana.

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.
Steve Dykstra
Steven Dykstra (born December 1, 1962) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League with the Buffalo Sabres, Edmonton Oilers, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Hartford Whalers.

In his NHL career, Dykstra appeared in 217 games. He scored 8 goals and added 32 assists.

In 1988, he played 27 games for Buffalo Sabres before being traded to Edmonton for Scott Metcalfe. He played 15 of the season's last 21 games for Edmonton. Dykstra did receive a 1988 Stanley Cup ring, as he played the required 42 regular-season games, but his name was left off the Cup, because not all 42 games were played with Edmonton.

Hartford Whalers
The Hartford Whalers were a professional ice hockey team based for most of its 25-year existence in Hartford, Connecticut. The club played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 until 1979, and in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1997.

Originally based in Boston, they were charter members of the WHA, known as the New England Whalers for all seven seasons. After their second season, the team moved one hundred miles (160 km) southwest to Hartford in April 1974; five years later, the Whalers joined the NHL in the 1979 NHL–WHA merger and were renamed the "Hartford Whalers" because the Boston Bruins did not want to share a geographical market with the team.

After 25 years in New England, the franchise relocated to North Carolina in 1997 and became the Carolina Hurricanes.
A Woman's Love
"A Woman's Love" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson.  Jackson originally recorded the song on his 1998 album High Mileage.  This version was the b-side to the album's single "Right on the Money".

In 2006, Jackson re-recorded the song for his album Like Red on a Rose. This version was released in January 2007 as the album's second and final single.

Like Red on a Rose
Like Red on a Rose is the fourteenth studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on September 26, 2006. The album produced two singles, the title track and "A Woman's Love", which respectively reached numbers 15 and 5 on the Hot Country Songs charts.

This album was produced by singer Alison Krauss, who also selected the songs. "A Woman's Love", a re-recording of a song previously included on Jackson's 1998 High Mileage album, was the only song written by Jackson. It is Jackson's only album to date to not involve producer Keith Stegall and exchanges his normal traditional country sound for a soft rock/adult contemporary sound.
Claude Bushell
Claude Hilton Bushell (25 June 1873 – 6 December 1930) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Wilberforce to farmer David Bushell and Izeppa Winton. He attended Richmond Public School and became a commercial traveller. He was then a storekeeper first at Cobar and then at Mandurama. Around 1900 he married Mary Pellett at Muswellbrook; they had four daughters. In 1917 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Lyndhurst, but he retired in 1920. Around 1928 he married his second wife, Janet Baker. He died in Parkes in 1930.

Cobar
Cobar is a town in Outback New South Wales, Australia, whose economy is based mainly upon base metals and gold mining. The town is 712 km (442 mi) by road northwest of the state capital, Sydney.  It is at the crossroads of the Kidman Way and Barrier Highway. The town and the local government area, the Cobar Shire, are on the eastern edge of the Outback.  At the 2021 census, the town of Cobar had a population of 3,369. The Shire has a population of approximately 4,700 and an area of 44,065 square kilometres (17,014 sq mi).

Many sights of cultural interest can be found in and around Cobar. The town retains much of its colonial 19th-century architecture. The Towsers Huts, 3 km south of town but currently inaccessible to the public, are ruins of very simple colonial dwellings from around 1870. The ancient Aboriginal rock paintings at Mount Grenfell are some of the largest and most important in Australia. The Cobar Sound Chapel opened in April 2022.
Bungulla keirani
Bungulla keirani is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2018 by Australian arachnologists Michael Rix, Robert Raven and Mark Harvey. The specific epithet keirani honours Keiran McNamara (1954–2013) for his efforts in securing funding for the Southern Carnarvon Basin Survey.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Gunnar Høverstad
Gunnar Høverstad (February 13, 1922 – December 3, 1943) was a Norwegian bomber pilot with the rank of lieutenant during the Second World War.

Høverstad was born in Asker, the son of the historian Torstein Høverstad and Margit Johanne née Knutsen. Høverstad was trained to fly in Canada, and he carried out about 30 bombing missions with a Handley Page Halifax bomber over Germany. On a mission with No. 35 Squadron RAF against Berlin, his aircraft caught fire after being hit by German anti-aircraft fire on December 3, 1943. Høverstad kept the aircraft in the air while the crew of six escaped by parachuting. He was killed because it was too late for him to bail out.

In the Council of State on November 7, 1947, Lieutenant Gunnar Høvstad was posthumously awarded the War Cross with Sword for "heroic efforts on the night of December 2, 1943, during an attack on Berlin."

Council of State (Norway)
The Council of State (Norwegian: Statsrådet) is a formal body composed of the most senior government ministers chosen by the prime minister of Norway, and functions as the collective decision-making organ constituting the executive branch of Norway. The council simultaneously plays the role of privy council as well as government Cabinet.

With the exception of the prime minister and the minister of foreign affairs, who retain their ministerial ranking in their own right, all the other members of the Cabinet concurrently hold the position of statsråd, meaning Councillor of State, and that of chief of the various departments, not formally being considered 'ministers', although commonly addressed as such. The Cabinet normally convenes every week, usually on Fridays at 11:00 a.m. at the Royal Palace, Oslo, and is presided over by the monarch.
Pele Cowley
Pele Cowley (born 16 April 1993) is a Samoan international rugby union player who currently plays as a halfback for Waikato in New Zealand's domestic Mitre 10 Cup. He also plays for the Austin Gilgronis of Major League Rugby (MLR) in the United States.

Samoans
Samoans or Samoan people (Samoan: tagata Sāmoa) are the Indigenous Polynesian people of the Samoan Islands, an archipelago in Polynesia, who speak the Samoan language. The group's home islands are politically and geographically divided between the Independent State of Samoa and American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States of America. Though divided by national border, the culture and language are the same.

The Samoan people and culture form a vital link and stepping stone in the formation and spread of Polynesian culture, language and religion throughout Eastern Polynesia.

Polynesian trade, religion, war, and colonialism are important markers within Polynesian culture that are almost certainly rooted in the Samoan culture. Samoa's ancient history with the kingdom of Tonga, chiefdoms of Fiji and French Polynesia form the basis of modern Polynesian culture.
Hamzah Zainudin
Hamzah bin Zainudin (Jawi: حمزة بن زين الدين; born 12 March 1957) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 17th Leader of the Opposition since December 2022 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Larut since March 2008. He is currently an independent politician and was a member and the 3rd Deputy President of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition, where he is served as one of its Deputy Chairmen, until his removal from the party in February 2026.

Ministry of Housing and Local Government (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Housing and Local Government (Malay: Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan), abbreviated KPKT, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for urban well-being, housing, local government, town planning, country planning, fire and rescue authority, landscape, solid waste management, strata management, moneylenders, pawnbrokers.
Augusta Daily Gazette
The Augusta Daily Gazette was an American daily newspaper in Augusta, Kansas. It was owned by GateHouse Media.

The paper covered several communities in suburban Butler County, Kansas, part of the Wichita metropolitan area. In addition to Augusta, the Gazette's coverage area includes Andover, Douglass, Leon, Towanda and Rose Hill.

GateHouse has since merged the Gazette with the Andover American and The El Dorado Times. The new publication is called the Butler County Times-Gazette.

Andover, Kansas
Andover is a city in Butler County, Kansas, United States, and an eastern suburb of Wichita.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 14,892.  Andover is the most populated city in Butler County.
Pete Galligan
Peter F. Galligan  (January 20, 1860 – May 20, 1917) was an American politician who also played shortstop in Major League Baseball in one game for the 1886 Washington Nationals.

Galligan was born in Chicago, Illinois and went to Saint Ignatius College. After his brief appearance in the majors, he played in the Western Association in 1888, the Central Interstate League in 1889 and the Chicago City League in 1891. He also worked in the manufacturing business. Galligan served briefly as a patrolman for the police force before he was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives, where he served from 1897 to 1899 and from 1909 to 1913 and was a Democrat. He also served in the Illinois Senate from 1899 to 1903. Galligan died in Chicago.

John Carroll University
John Carroll University (JCU) is a private Jesuit university in University Heights, Ohio, United States, a suburb of Cleveland. It was founded in 1886 as St. Ignatius College and renamed in 1923 for John Carroll, the first Catholic bishop in the United States. For the 2025–2026 academic year, the university enrolled approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students.

The university is primarily an undergraduate, liberal arts institution composed of three colleges—the College of Arts and Sciences, the Boler College of Business, and the College of Health. As a Jesuit institution, the university follows an educational approach shaped by Jesuit traditions.
Rehberg (Wasgau)
The Rehberg is a prominent hill, 576.8 m above sea level (NHN), in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. After the Grand Wintersberg (ca. 581 m) in French North Alsace, the Rehberg is the second highest hill in the Wasgau (French: Vasgovie), the Franco-German region that forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest and runs from the valley of the River Queich to the Col de Saverne . The Rehberg is also the highest hill on German soil in the Wasgau. As part of the Palatine Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve it has been placed under special protection measures.

It lies two kilometres south of the town of Annweiler and has an observation tower at the summit named the Rehberg tower after the hill. The tower offers visitors an unhindered panoramic view over large parts of the Palatine Forest and Upper Rhine Plain as far as the hill chains of the Odenwald, Black Forest and Vosges.

Observation tower
An observation tower is a tower used to view events from a long distance and to create a full 360 degree range of vision to conduct long distance observations. Observation towers are usually at least 20 metres (66 ft) tall and are made from stone, iron, and wood. Many modern towers are also used as TV towers, restaurants, or churches. The towers first appeared in the ancient world, as long ago as the Babylonian Empire.

Observation towers that are used as guard posts or observation posts over an extended period to overlook an area are commonly called watchtowers instead.

Similar instances of observation towers are recognised as crow's nests, observatories, viewing platforms, etc.
Žermēna Heine-Vāgnere
Žermēna Heine-Vāgnere (née Heine, 23 June 1923 – 7 December 2017) was a Soviet and Latvian operatic soprano.

She was born on 23 June 1923 in Riga, to singer Erna Heine. An uncle, Alberts Verners, was a leading baritone for the Latvian National Opera in the 1930s for which Heine-Vāgnere also performed. She studied under singers Hertas Lūses and Marijas Bolotovas.

Heine-Vāgnere began her career in 1950 and appeared in Macbeth as Lady Macbeth, Cavalleria rusticana as Santuzza, Otello as Desdemona, Eugene Onegin as Tatyana, Der Ring des Nibelungen as Brünnhilde and Lohengrin as Ortrud. Other performances included roles in Alfrēds Kalniņš's Banuta, Salome, and Turandot. She retired in November 1975, having sung in 39 distinct roles.

Heine-Vāgnere was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1969 and also received the Order of the Three Stars, third class. She was married to architect Nikolajs Vāgners and died on 7 December 2017, aged 94.

Latvian National Opera
The Latvian National Opera and Ballet (LNOB) is an opera house and opera company at Aspazijas boulevard 3 in Riga. Its repertoire includes performances of opera and ballet presented during the season which lasts from mid-September to the end of May. During a typical season, LNOB presents almost 200 performances, including, on average, 6 new productions. The largest is the Great Hall which houses 946 seats, while the smaller ones – the New Hall, the Dress Circle Hall (Beletāžas zāle) and the Red Hall – have a maximum seating capacity of 338, 170 and 100 respectively. LNOB employs a total of approximately 600 people. The building is located on the bank of the Riga Canal, near the Freedom Monument. As of 5 November 2019, the chairman of the board is Egils Siliņš, an opera singer. The chief conductor since 2013 is Mārtiņš Ozoliņš who is also an associate professor at the Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music. The artistic director since 1993 is Aivars Leimanis.
Q-exponential
The term q-exponential occurs in two contexts.  The q-exponential distribution, based on the Tsallis q-exponential is discussed in elsewhere.

In combinatorial mathematics, a q-exponential is a q-analog of the exponential function,
namely the eigenfunction of a q-derivative. There are many  q-derivatives, for example, the classical  q-derivative, the Askey–Wilson operator, etc. Therefore, unlike the classical exponentials, q-exponentials are not unique.  For example,  is the q-exponential corresponding to the classical  q-derivative while   are eigenfunctions of the Askey–Wilson operators.

The q-exponential is also known as the quantum dilogarithm.

Eigenfunction
In mathematics, an eigenfunction of a linear operator D defined on some function space is any non-zero function  in that space that, when acted upon by D, is only multiplied by some scaling factor called an eigenvalue. As an equation, this condition can be written as

for some scalar eigenvalue  The solutions to this equation may also be subject to boundary conditions that limit the allowable eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.

An eigenfunction is a type of eigenvector.
Shock and vibration data logger
A shock data logger or vibration data logger is a measurement instrument that is capable of autonomously recording shocks or vibrations over a defined period of time. Digital data is  usually in the form of acceleration and time.  The shock and vibration data can be retrieved (or transmitted), viewed and evaluated after it has been recorded.

In contrast with a shock data logger, a shock detector is used to indicate whether or not the threshold of specified shock has occurred.

Calibration
In measurement technology and metrology, calibration is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy. Such a standard could be another measurement device of known accuracy, a device generating the quantity to be measured such as a voltage, a sound tone, or a physical artifact, such as a meter ruler.

The outcome of the comparison can result in one of the following:

no significant error being noted on the device under test

a significant error being noted but no adjustment made

an adjustment made to correct the error to an acceptable level

Strictly speaking, the term "calibration" means just the act of comparison and does not include any subsequent adjustment.

The calibration standard is normally traceable to a national or international standard held by a metrology body.
First humans in Slavic mythology
Anthropogenic myths are a complex of myths of Slavic peoples about the origin, creation of man. The original pagan mythological narrative has not survived, and the established anthropogenic myths in folklore largely repeat the biblical myth of the creation of man. At the same time, reconstruction of Slavic mythology is possible.

Slavic folklore
Slavic folklore encompasses the folklore of the Slavic peoples from their earliest records until today. Folklorists have published a variety of works focused specifically on the topic over the years.

There are few written records of pagan Slavic beliefs; research of the pre-Christian Slavic beliefs is challenging due to a stark class divide between nobility and peasantry who worshipped separate deities. Many Christian beliefs were later integrated and synthesized into Slavic folklore.
Isin
Isin (Sumerian: 𒉌𒋛𒅔𒆠, romanized: I3-si-inki, modern Arabic: إيشان بحريات Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq which was the location of the Ancient Near East city of Isin, occupied from the late 4th millennium Uruk period up until at least the late 1st millennium BC Neo-Babylonian period. It lies about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of the modern city of Al Diwaniyah.

The tutelary deity of Isin, dating back to at least the Early Dynastic period, was the healing goddess Gula with a major temple (, E-gal-ma) sited there as well as smaller installations for the related gods of Ninisina and Sud.

Tutelary deity
A tutelary (/ˈtjuːtəlɛri/; also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The etymology of "tutelary" expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship.

In late Greek and Roman religion, one type of tutelary deity, the genius, functions as the personal deity or daimon of an individual from birth to death. Another form of personal tutelary spirit is the familiar spirit of European folklore.