hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Thomas Fassbind
Joseph Thomas Fassbind (1755–1824) was a pastor and historiographer of Schwyz.

He was educated at Einsiedeln, Bellinzona, Como and Besançon. In 1798 he was convicted of treason for his refusal to vow loyalty to the Helvetic Republic, and exiled to Engelberg monastery.  He returned from exile in 1800 and became pastor of Schwyz in 1803.

Fassbind is best known for his vaterländische Profangeschichte, an account of the history of the  canton of Schwyz from the Roman to the Napoleonic era, published posthumously in five volumes as Geschichte des Kantons Schwyz during the 1830s (a new edition with commentary appeared in 2005). Of particular interest are his eyewitness accounts of the events of the War of the Second Coalition during his own time.  Fassbind's anti-French opinions led him to welcome the Russian invasion of the Helvetic Republic, and his description of the troops of Alexander Suvorov's army is decidedly favourable.

Bellinzona
Bellinzona (/ˌbɛlɪnˈzoʊnə/ BEL-in-ZOH-nə, Italian: [bellinˈtsoːna] ⓘ; Ticinese: Belinzóna [belĩˈtsona]) is a municipality, a historic Swiss town, and the capital of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The town is famous for its three castles (Castelgrande, Montebello, Sasso Corbaro) that have been UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2000.

The town lies east of the river Ticino, at the foot of the Alps. It stretches along the river valley, surrounded by the southern ranges of the Lepontine Alps to the east and west, and by the Lugano Prealps to the south.
Jana Cieslarová
Jana Cieslarová (born 6 June 1971 in Třinec) is a Czech orienteering competitor who competed for Czechoslovakia until 1992. She won the 1991 Short distance World Orienteering Championships. She also has a silver medal in the Relay championship from 1989, and bronze medals from 1991, 1993 and 1995.

Třinec
Třinec (Czech: [ˈtr̝̊ɪnɛts] ⓘ; Polish: Trzyniec, German: Trzynietz) is a city in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants, making it the least populated statutory city in the country.

The city is an important cultural centre of the Polish minority in Trans-Olza, which makes up 12.1% of the population (as of 2021).

Třinec is notable for the Třinec Iron and Steel Works steel plant, the largest in the country, which still has a major impact on the city, its character, demographics, and air quality.
Fasti Antiates Maiores
The Fasti Antiates Maiores is a painted wall-calendar from the late Roman Republic, the oldest archaeologically attested local Roman calendar and the only such calendar known from before the Julian calendar reforms. It was created between 84 and 55 BC and discovered in 1915 at Anzio (ancient Antium) in a crypt next to the coast. It is now located in the Palazzo Massimo alle Terme in Rome, part of the Museo Nazionale Romano.

Antium
Antium was an ancient coastal town in Latium, south of Rome. An oppidum was founded by people of Latial culture (11th century BC or the beginning of the 1st millennium BC), then it was the main stronghold of the Volsci people until it was conquered by the Romans.

In some versions of Rome's foundation myth, Antium was founded by Anteias, son of Odysseus.

The territory of Roman Antium almost entirely corresponded to modern Anzio and Nettuno.
Ottar Befring
Ottar Befring (19 November 1939 – 9 October 2023) was a Norwegian lawyer and politician. He served as the County Governor of Møre og Romsdal county from 2002 until 2009.

Befring began his career in the armed forces of Norway in 1958. In 1966, he graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy and became an officer and served until 1978.  After his retirement from the military, he moved back to the family farm in Stardalen in Jølster Municipality. As a farmer, he became involved in the local politics, eventually winning a seat on the local municipal council and the Sogn og Fjordane county council as well.

From 1992 to 1997, he worked at the Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture. In 1998, he became the agriculture director for Møre og Romsdal county. In 2002, he was appointed to be the County Governor of Møre og Romsdal county.  He served as governor until his retirement in 2009.

Ottar Befring died on 9 October 2023, at the age of 83.

Sogn og Fjordane
Sogn og Fjordane (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɔŋn ɔ ˈfjûːrɑnə] ⓘ; literally "Parish and the Fjords") was a county in western Norway, from 1 January 1919 to 31 December 2019, after it was merged to become part of Vestland county. It was surrounded by Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, Buskerud, and Hordaland counties. The county administration was in the village of Hermansverk in Leikanger Municipality. The largest town in the county was Førde.

Although Sogn og Fjordane has some industry, predominantly hydroelectricity and aluminium, it is predominantly an agricultural area. Sogn og Fjordane is also home to the Urnes Stave Church and the Nærøyfjord, which are both listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.

The Western Norway University of Applied Sciences has campuses in Sogndalsfjøra and Førde.
Maymorn
Maymorn is a rural area of Upper Hutt city in the  Wellington region of New Zealand, consists of Rural Hill and Rural Valley Floor zones. The New Zealand census treats Maymorn as part of Te Mārua for statistical purposes.  The usual resident 2013 population of the Te Mārua area was 1,152.  The area has a tranquil setting and consists of lifestyle blocks and farms surrounded by hills that are usually covered with a dusting of snow in the winter.

Because it is marginally populated, the area is best known for the Maymorn railway station, which is on the  Wairarapa railway line between  Woodville and  Wellington and served by the Wairarapa Connection daily passenger-train.

Maymorn station is near the southern portal of the  Rimutaka railway tunnel, which opened in 1955 and replaced the Rimutaka Incline railway-line which ran over the Rimutaka Range. The old route passes within 40 metres over the tunnel's exit.

Woodville, New Zealand
Woodville, previously known as The Junction, is a small town in the southern North Island of New Zealand, 75 km north of Masterton and 25 km east of Palmerston North. The 2013 census showed that 1401 people reside in Woodville.

The town is in the Tararua District and the Manawatū-Whanganui region, although it has strong ties with the Hawke's Bay region, of which it was once a part, but is often considered to be the northern boundary of Wairarapa. It is within the catchment area of the Manawatū River.
Tacheocampylaea tacheoides
Tacheocampylaea tacheoides is a species of air-breathing, land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae, the typical snails. This species is endemic to Italy.  Its natural habitats are temperate forests and rocky areas.

Helicidae
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of western Palaearctic, medium to large-sized, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." It includes some of the largest European land snails, several species are common in anthropogenic habitats, and some became invasive on other continents. A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including Cornu aspersum (formerly Helix aspersa; "petit gris") the brown or garden snail, and Helix pomatia (the "escargot"). The biologies of these two species in particular have been thoroughly studied and documented.
Waeringopterus
Waeringopterus is a genus of prehistoric eurypterids from the Silurian of North America. The genus contains two species, W. apfeli from the Syracuse and Vernon Formations of New York and Ontario and W. cumberlandicus from the Wills Creek Formation, West Virginia. Fossils of the genus also were found in the Indian Point Formation of Quebec.

Vernon Formation
The Vernon Formation is a geologic formation in the Appalachian Basin. It is the lowest unit of the Salina Group. It is made up of red and green shales, siltstone, dolomite, anhydrite and halite. It is made up of three distinct units starting at the bottom (oldest) A, B and C units. These units correspond to units of the same name in its parent group the Salina.
WUPY
WUPY (101.1 FM / RF channel 266, "Y-101") is a radio station broadcasting a country music format in Ontonagon, Michigan, where it is licensed by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission. The station is owned by Civic Media. The studio is located at 622 River Street in downtown Ontonagon.

Ontonagon, Michigan
Ontonagon (/ˌɒntəˈnɑːɡən/ ON-tə-NAH-gən is a village in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,285 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Ontonagon County, and is the only incorporated place within the county.

The village is located within Ontonagon Township, at the mouth of the Ontonagon River on Lake Superior. Industry was centered on the Smurfit-Stone Container production facility at the river mouth until the plant closed in 2010.
Polyaspartic esters
Polyaspartic ester chemistry was first introduced in the early 1990s making it a relatively new technology. The patents were issued to Bayer in Germany and Miles Corporation in the United States. It utilizes the aza-Michael addition reaction. These products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.  Pure polyurea reacts extremely quickly making them almost unusable without plural component spray equipment. Polyaspartic technology utilizes a partially blocked amine to react more slowly with the isocyanates and thus produce a modified polyurea.  The amine/diamine or even triamine functional coreactant for aliphatic polyisocyanate is typically reacted with a maleate. Polyaspartic esters (PAE) initially found use in conventional solvent-borne two-component polyurethane coatings.

Diamine
A diamine is an amine with two amino groups. Diamines are used as monomers to prepare polyamides, polyimides, and polyureas. The term diamine refers mostly to primary diamines, as those are the most reactive.
El Espinal, Tolima
Espinal is a Colombian municipality and town located in the Department of Tolima, 146 km southwest from Bogotá. It is the second most important town of the department and is the rice capital of the center of the country. It is flanked by the Magdalena and Coello rivers. El Espinal is known for the manufacture of typical musical instruments and its cuisine is known for tamales and the suckling pig, which are the typical dishes of the region. It has a total area of 231 km2, an urban area of 4.26 km2, and a rural area of 212.74 km2.

The town is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Espinal.

Magdalena River
The Magdalena River (Spanish: Río Magdalena, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o maɣðaˈlena]; less commonly Rio Grande de la Magdalena) is the main river of Colombia, flowing northward about 1,528 kilometres (949 mi) through the western half of the country. It takes its name from the biblical figure Mary Magdalene. It is navigable through much of its lower reaches, in spite of the shifting sand bars at the mouth of its delta, as far as Honda, at the downstream base of its rapids. It flows through the Magdalena River Valley.

Its drainage basin covers a surface of 273,000 square kilometres (105,000 sq mi), which is 24% of the country's area and where 66% of its population lives.
OTV-4
USA-261, also referred to as Orbital Test Vehicle 4 (OTV-4) or AFSPC-5, is the second flight of the second Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to low Earth orbit aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral on May 20, 2015. Its mission designation is part of the USA series.

The spaceplane was operated by the Air Force Space Command, which considers the mission classified and as such has not revealed the objectives. However, the Air Force did reveal that the X-37 would be carrying an experimental hall-effect thruster for testing ahead of potential use in future AEHF satellites. Additionally, NASA announced it was flying a materials science payload similar to MISSE called METIS.

Advanced Extremely High Frequency
Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) is a constellation of communications satellites operated by the United States Space Force. They are used to relay secure communications for the United States Armed Forces, the British Armed Forces, the Canadian Armed Forces, the Netherlands Armed Forces and the Australian Defence Force. The system consists of six satellites in geostationary orbits. The final satellite was launched on 26 March 2020. AEHF is backward compatible with, and replaces, the older Milstar system and will operate at 44 GHz uplink (extremely high frequency (EHF) band) and 20 GHz downlink (super high frequency (SHF) band). The AEHF system is a joint service communications system that provides survivable, global, secure, protected, and jam-resistant communications for high-priority military ground, sea and air assets.
LK-700
LK-700 was a Soviet direct ascent lunar lander program proposed in 1964. It was developed by Vladimir Chelomey as an alternative to the N1-L3 program. It was also a further development of the LK-1 lunar flyby spacecraft.

It would have been launched using the proposed UR-700 rocket (related to the Proton rocket) with a crew of three cosmonauts on a direct flight to the lunar surface and back.
The direct landing approach would allow the Soviets to land anywhere on the moon's nearside. The program was canceled in 1974.

Universal Rocket
The Universal Rocket or UR family of missiles and carrier rockets is a Russian, previously Soviet rocket family. Intended to allow the same technology to be used in all Soviet rockets, the UR is produced by the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Several variants were originally planned, of which only three flew, and only two of which entered service. In addition, the cancelled UR-500 ICBM formed the basis for the Proton carrier rocket.
Vulturó
Vulturó (Catalan pronunciation: [bultuˈɾo]) is a mountain located in the comarca of Alt Urgell in Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 2,648 metres above sea level. It is the highest mountain in the Serra del Cadí mountain range, and in the Catalan Pre-Pyrenees.

Alt Urgell
Alt Urgell (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈalt uɾˈdʒeʎ]) is a comarca (county) in the Alt Pirineu region, in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the historic County of Urgell (ca. 789 – 1413) and the historic region of Urgellet. The capital is La Seu d'Urgell.
Earl Inmon
Earl G. Inmon (born March 21, 1954) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL) in 1978. He played college football for the Bethune–Cookman Wildcats.

Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football
The Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team represents Bethune–Cookman University in the sport of college football. The Wildcats compete in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Starting with the fall 2021 season, they compete in the East Division of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC), after having been members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) since 1979. They play their home games at Daytona Stadium. The Wildcats have won two black college football national championships and seven MEAC titles in the history of their football program.
The First President
The First President (Chinese: 第一大总统) is a 2011 Chinese biographical film directed by Wang Caitao, produced by Han Sanping, and starring Qiu Xinzhi, Nie Mei, Liu Jing, Han Geng, Tian Liang, Johnny Zhang, Xiong Naijin and He Jie. The film is about the life of Sun Yat-sen, founding father of Kuomintang and president of the Republic of China.

He Jie
He Jie (simplified Chinese: 何洁; traditional Chinese: 何潔; pinyin: Hé Jié; born 25 March 1986), also known as J.HE, is a Chinese singer. She debuted her singing career by winning the fourth place at the Chinese singing contest Super Girl.
2018 South Korean local elections
The 7th local elections were held in South Korea on 13 June 2018. The election coincided with the by-elections for the vacant seats in the National Assembly. The election was a landslide victory for the Democratic Party of Korea, the ruling party, after two successful summits with the third inter-Korean summit on 27 April and the first North Korea-United States summit in Singapore on 12 June.

April 2018 inter-Korean summit
The April 2018 inter-Korean summit took place on 27 April 2018 on the South Korean side of the Joint Security Area, between Moon Jae-in, President of South Korea, and Kim Jong Un, Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea and Supreme Leader of North Korea. The summit was the third inter-Korean summit – the first in eleven years. It was also the first time since the end of the Korean War in 1953 that a North Korean leader entered the South's territory; President Moon also briefly crossed into the North's territory.

The summit took place after the two sides had already held several meetings in preparation for their joint attendance at the 2018 Winter Olympics. The idea was initially brought forward through an official invitation from the North to conduct a meeting. The summit was focused on the North Korean nuclear weapons program and denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. The Panmunjom Declaration was made following the summit.
Mariano Perfecto
Mariano Perfecto (1853 - November 3, 1913) was the fifth Governor of Ambos Camarines (1910–1913). Known as a prolific writer, he is considered as the "Father of Bikol Literature," and the "Father of Bisayan Literature." He published the first newspaper in the Bikol language, An Parabareta (1899–1900) and set up the first printing press in the Bikol region, the Libreria y Imprenta Mariana. His literary output ranged from translations of religious tracts, novenas to poems, short dramas and linguistic works both in the Ilonggo and Bikol languages.

Salvador Pons, an Augustinian friar, stated in one of his works (Sacerdotes Del Clero Secular Filipino Escritores. 1900) that Perfecto  was a secular priest and likewise Fr. Pablo Fernandez in his book History of the Church in the Philippines (1521-1898) said the same thing but the source he cited was the same Augustinian friar.

Order of Saint Augustine
The Order of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Sancti Augustini), abbreviated OSA, is a mendicant religious order  of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 by bringing together several eremitical groups in the Tuscany region who were following the Rule of Saint Augustine, written by Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century.

They are also commonly known as the Augustinians, Austin friars, or Friars Hermits and, until 1968, as the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo eremitarum sancti Augustini; abbreviated OESA).

The order has, in particular, spread internationally the veneration of the Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Mater boni consilii).

In the 2025 papal conclave, Leo XIV was elected as the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine.
Seth Walker Norman
Seth Walker Norman (April 6, 1934 – September 25, 2023) was an American judge, state representative, and airman. He served on the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1962 to 1964. In 1990, he was elected Judge of Division IV of the Criminal Court for Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee. As a judge, he founded the first and only court-operated residential drug court in the United States. He was a Democrat.

Drug court
Drug courts are problem-solving courts that take a public health approach to criminal offending using a specialized model in which the judiciary, prosecution, defense bar, probation, law enforcement, mental health, social service, and treatment communities work together to help addicted offenders into long-term recovery. Instead of punishment, their purpose is to address one of the underlying drivers of crime and, in the process, reduce the use of imprisonment, potentially leading to substantial cost-savings. Drug courts aim to do this by incentivizing or mandating offenders into addiction treatment combined with frequent drug testing and regular monitoring by the judge.
Li Han (aviator)
Li Han (Chinese: 李汉, 1924 in Tang County, Hebei – 11 September 1997) was a MiG-15 pilot of the People's Republic of China. He was a flying ace during the Korean War, with eight victories.

A member of the 4th Fighter Aviation Division He was the first Chinese pilot credited with shooting down a U.S. aircraft.

Although all Chinese aces have received the title Combat Hero in acknowledgement of their services, very little information is known of the Chinese pilots during the war due to the lack of published records.

Tang County
Tang County or Tangxian (simplified Chinese: 唐县; traditional Chinese: 唐縣; pinyin: Táng xiàn) is a county under the jurisdiction of Baoding prefecture-level city, in west-central Hebei province, People's Republic of China.
Polymeridium tribulationis
Polymeridium tribulationis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. This ecorticate lichen is characterized by its yellowish-white thallus, which does not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. P. tribulationis closely resembles Polymeridium sulphurescens, but can be distinguished by its hamathecium, which is inspersed with oil droplets. The ascomata, measuring 0.4–0.6 mm in diameter, have a spherical centrum that is mostly covered by the thallus. The ostiole is apical and usually surrounded by a ring. The ascospores number eight per ascus, are iodine-negative, have three septa, and measure 20–24 by 7–10 μm without ornamentation. No chemical substances have been detected in the lichen. The type specimen was collected by Mason Hale from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, on tree bark.

Ostiole
An ostiole is a small hole or opening through which algae or fungi release their mature spores.

The word is a  diminutive of "ostium", "opening".

The term is also used in higher plants, for example to denote the opening of the involuted  syconium (fig inflorescence) through which fig wasps enter to pollinate and breed.
The species pharamacosycea have an arrangement  interlocking pattern but there is an exception because of insipdia because it is partly cover the ostiole. On the adaxial side of the bracts is made out of cubic cells, that has a staining reactions and contain phenolic compounds.

Sometimes a stomatal aperture is called an "ostiole".
Carla Lavatelli
Carla Lavatelli (August 21, 1928 – January 18, 2006) was an Italian-American artist whose career spanned five decades, from the 1950s into the early 2000s. Her work is in the permanent collections of several major museums, including the San Francisco Museum of Art, the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C., the Hakone Open-Air Museum in Japan, and the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University. She was noted primarily for her abstract sculptures in stone and bronze, which appeared in reproduction in such publications as Arts Magazine, Art in America, and Artforum  during the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Art in America
Art in America (A.i.A.) is an illustrated quarterly, international magazine concentrating on the contemporary art world in the United States, including profiles of artists and genres, updates about art movements, show reviews and event schedules. It is designed for collectors, artists, art dealers, art professionals and other readers interested in the art world.

Previously a monthly publication, the magazine scaled back to quarterly issues in the 2020s after ownership changes and a merger with the publication ARTnews. Articles from Art in America are published online on the ARTnews website.