hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baumstark
Baumstark is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Baumstark (1800–1876), German classical philologist

Carl Anton Baumstark (1872–1948), German orientalist, philologist and liturgist

Gertrude Baumstark (1941–2020), Romanian and German chess player

Anton Baumstark
Anton Baumstark (14 April 1800 in Sinzheim – 2 February 1876 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German classical philologist. He was the brother of economist Eduard Baumstark (1807–1889) and the father of historian Reinhold Baumstark (1831–1900). His grandson, Carl Anton Baumstark (1872–1948), was a noted orientalist and liturgist.

He studied philology at the University of Heidelberg, where his instructors included Friedrich Christoph Schlosser and Georg Friedrich Creuzer. Beginning in 1826 he taught classes at the Lyceum in Freiburg im Breisgau, and in 1836, was appointed professor of classical philology at the University of Freiburg as well as director of the philological seminar.
Alberta Highway 36
Highway 36, officially named Veterans Memorial Highway, is a north-south highway in eastern Alberta, Canada that extends from Highway 4 near Warner to Highway 55 in Lac La Biche. Highway 36, along with Highway 41 and the portion of Highway 881 north of Lac La Biche, is part of the Eastern Alberta Trade Corridor, an economic development corridor that links the oil sands with Texas and Mexico, and works in association with the North American Ports-to-Plains Alliance.

Ports-to-Plains Alliance
The Ports-to-Plains Alliance, based in Lubbock, Texas, United States, is a non-profit bipartisan advocacy group led by mayors, councillors, and other local elected leaders, economic development officials, business, and other opinion leaders from nine states (Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Nebraska, and Wyoming) and one Canadian province (Alberta) which contains a 2,300-plus mile economic development corridor stretching from Texas to Alberta.

The alliance was formalized in 2009 through an agreement between groups representing three congressionally-designated High Priority Corridors on the U.S. National Highway System (NHS): the Ports-to-Plains Trade Corridor Coalition, Heartland Expressway, and the Theodore Roosevelt Expressway Association. Today, as the Ports-to-Plains Alliance, the coalition works to assure continued prosperity in communities throughout North America’s energy and agricultural heartland.
Randolph Wise
Christianity portal

Randolph George Wise  (20 January 1925 – 9 September 1999) was the Dean of Peterborough in the Church of England from 1981 until 1992 (made Dean Emeritus in 1997).

Educated at St Olave's and St Saviour's Grammar School he served with the RNVR from 1943 to 1947.  After studying for a degree at The Queen's College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1952 and began his career with a curacy at Lady Margaret, Walworth. He was the Vicar of Stocksbridge from 1960 to 1966 and then the Bishop of London's Industrial Chaplain until 1972 when he became Guild Vicar of St Botolph, Aldersgate. From 1976 to 1981 he was Rector of Notting Hill.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.
Pattathu Arasan
Pattathu Arasan (transl. Royal King) is a 2022 Tamil-language sports action drama film written and directed by A. Sarkunam and produced by Allirajah Subaskaran of Lyca Productions. It stars Atharvaa, Rajkiran, Ashika Ranganath and Radhika Sarathkumar in the lead roles. The plot is set against the backdrop of green-caped betel farms near Thiruvaiyaru. The music was composed by Ghibran, while Loganathan Srinivasan and Raja Mohammad handled the cinematography and editing, respectively. The film was released theatrically on 25 November 2022.

Allirajah Subaskaran
Allirajah Subaskaran (born 2 March 1972) is a British-Sri Lankan entrepreneur. He was born in Sri Lanka, and later migrated to England and became a British citizen. He is the founder and chairman of Lyca Mobile, a telecommunications company and its entertainment subsidiary, Lyca Productions, based in Chennai, India.
Lesley Klim
Lesley David Klim (born 16 January 1995) is a Namibian international rugby union player for RFU Championship side Jersey Reds as a centre or wing.

Klim joined the Ospreys in 2018 having previously played for Welwitschias and Doncaster Knights.

Demographics of Namibia
This is a demography of the population of Namibia including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Harrow High School
Harrow High School is a co-educational academy in the London Borough of Harrow and a specialist Sports College. It was previously called Gayton High School and Harrow County School for Boys. The school has a sixth form for post-16 studies part of the Harrow Sixth Form Collegiate. There was an independent school with the same name on a nearby site until the late 1980s.

Sports College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
Sports Colleges were introduced in 1997 as part of the Specialist Schools Programme in the United Kingdom. The programme enabled secondary schools to specialise in certain fields, in this case, PE, sports and dance. Schools that successfully applied to the Specialist Schools Trust and became Sports Colleges received extra funding from this joint private sector and government scheme. Sports Colleges act as a local point of reference for other schools and businesses in the area, with an emphasis on promoting sports within the community.

The Specialist Schools Programme ended in 2011 after the change of government. Despite this, schools can still become Sports Colleges through the Dedicated Schools Grant or academisation.
Marjan Jahangiri
Marjan Jahangiri FRCS, FRCS (CTh) is Professor of Cardiac Surgery at St. George's Hospital, University of London. She was the first woman to be appointed professor of cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom and Europe.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Cutin
Cutin is one of two waxy polymers that are the main components of the plant cuticle, which covers all aerial surfaces of plants, the other being cutan. It is an insoluble substance with waterproof quality. Cutin also harbors cuticular waxes, which assist in cuticle structure. Cutan, the other major cuticle polymer, is much more readily preserved in fossil records. Cutin consists of omega hydroxy acids and their derivatives, which are interlinked via ester bonds, forming a polyester polymer of indeterminate size.

There are two major monomer families of cutin, the C16 and C18 families. The C16 family consists mainly of 16-hydroxy palmitic acid and 9,16- or 10,16-dihydroxypalmitic acid. The C18 family consists mainly of 18-hydroxy oleic acid, 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy stearic acid, and 9,10,18-trihydroxystearate.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Erikslund Shopping Center
Erikslund Shopping Center is a shopping center located next to highway E18 in Västerås, Sweden. It opened in 2011 and was established by Ikano Retail Centres and currently owned by INGKA Centres, with two anchor tenants on each end of the mall, IKEA and a City Gross supermarket. The shopping center has 80 stores and a total retail floor area of 80,000 m2 (860,000 sq ft), with IKEA occupying almost half of the floor space.

The complex is part of the Erikslund retail park, consisting of several big-box stores, with a total retail floor area of approximately 200,000 m2 (2,200,000 sq ft). The retail park is the third biggest in Sweden, after Kungens Kurva and Barkarby in terms of sales, according to the Nordic Council of Shopping Centers.

Barkarby
Barkarby, also known as Barkarbystaden is an area in Järfälla Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden, and part of the contiguously built-up Stockholm urban area. It is currently undergoing a large urban development through the Barkarbystaden project, transforming a former military airbase and airport area into an urban district.

Barkarby has a station on the Stockholm commuter rail network, and two metro stations, Barkarby and Barkarbystaden are set to open in 2027 as an extension of the Stockholm Metro Blue Line.
Church of la Santísima Trinidad (Alcaraz)
The Church of la Santísima Trinidad (Spanish: Iglesia de la Santísima Trinidad) is a Roman Catholic church located in Alcaraz, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1982.

The church is located in the Plaza del Cementerio next to the Plaza mayor and the Torres de la Trinidad of city hall. Construction began in the 14th century, and it has a Gothic main portal. However the interiors were refurbished over the centuries. The chapel of Don Pedro Primero el Grande, is attributed to Andrés de Vandelvira and the Chapel of St Sebastian is attributed to his followers.

Bien de Interés Cultural
Bien de Interés Cultural (Basque: Kultura Intereseko Ondasun, Catalan: Bé d'Interès Cultural, Valencian: Bé d'Interés Cultural, Galician: Ben de Interese Cultural) is a category of the heritage register in Spain. The term is also used in Colombia and other Spanish-speaking countries.

The term literally means a "good of cultural interest" ("goods" in the economic sense). It includes not only material heritage (cultural property), like monuments or movable works of art, but also intangible cultural heritage, such as the Silbo Gomero language.

Some bienes enjoy international protection as World Heritage Sites or Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane
1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) is an organophosphorus compound with the formula Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2. The compound is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents.  It is slightly air-sensitive, degrading in air to the phosphine oxide. It is classified as a diphosphine ligand in coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis.

The diphosphine can be prepared by the reaction of lithium diphenylphosphide and 1,3-dichloropropane (Ph = C6H5):

2 Ph2PLi  + Cl(CH2)3Cl   →   Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2  +  2 LiCl

However, it can be synthesised via a much more controllable (and cheaper) route, via metal-halogen exchange and then metathesis:

Br(CH2)3Br + 2 tBuLi → Li(CH2)3Li + 2 tBuBr

Li(CH2)3Li + 2 PCl3 → Cl2P(CH2)3PCl2 + 2 LiCl

Cl2P(CH2)3PCl2 + 4 PhLi → Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2 + 4 LiCl

Homogeneous catalysis
In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the catalyst is in same phase as reactants, principally by a soluble catalyst in a solution. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysis describes processes where the catalysts and substrate are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas, respectively. The term is used almost exclusively to describe solutions and implies catalysis by organometallic compounds. Homogeneous catalysis is an established technology that continues to evolve. An illustrative major application is the production of acetic acid. Enzymes are examples of homogeneous catalysts.
2012–13 Ukrainian Cup
The 2012–13 Ukrainian Cup  was the 22nd annual season of Ukraine's football knockout competition.

The Cup began with two preliminary rounds, before the first round proper involving the Premier League clubs. The draw for both the preliminary rounds was held on 5 July 2012. The First Preliminary Round consisting of teams from Druha Liha and Amateur Cup finalists. In the Second Preliminary Round teams of the Persha Liha entered the competition. Sixteen teams, the winners of the 2nd preliminary round, entered the First Round proper or the Round of 32 where the Premier League teams entered the competition for the first time. The winner of the competition qualified for the play-off round (based on the UEFA club coefficient) of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.

Oleksandriia Raion
Oleksandriia Raion is a raion (district) of Kirovohrad Oblast in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Oleksandriia, which was incorporated separately as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion prior to 2020. Population: 219,482 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Oleksandriia Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Onufriivka, Petrove, and Svitlovodsk Raions, as well as Oleksandriia and Svitlovodsk Municipalities, were merged into Oleksandriia Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 33,659 (2020 est.).
Charcot's cholangitis triad
Charcot's cholangitis triad is the combination of jaundice; fever, usually with rigors; and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. It occurs as a result of ascending cholangitis (an infection of the bile duct in the liver). When the presentation also includes low blood pressure and mental status changes, it is known as Reynolds' pentad. It is named after Jean-Martin Charcot.

Altered state of consciousness
An altered state of consciousness (ASC), also called an altered state of mind, altered mental status (AMS) or mind alteration, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state. It describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered state of awareness".
Blackwing 602
The Blackwing 602 is a pencil brand that has been marketed by several companies since its introduction in 1934. The pencil is noted for its soft, dark graphite, unique flat square ferrule and replaceable eraser.

The pencil initially sold for 50 cents each. After it was discontinued single original pencils were found on eBay for over $40, with some older (and rarer) ones being sold for over $100. Originals are becoming increasingly rare.  As of 2012 a similar pencil using the same name is being manufactured by Palomino.

It was manufactured by the Eberhard Faber Pencil Company from 1934 to 1988, then by the Faber-Castell pencil company from 1988 to 1994 and by Sanford from 1994 to 1998. After being discontinued, the Cal Cedar Company reintroduced the product line in 2011.

Newell Custom Writing Instruments
Newell Custom Writing Instruments (formerly Sanford Business-to-Business, abbreviated Sanford B2B) is an American manufacturing company of stationery products. It is a division of Newell Brands, producing writing implements, in its plant of Atlanta, Georgia.

Brands currently commercialized by the company are Sharpie, Paper Mate, Expo, Parker, and Waterman.

The company operates worldwide, with locations in Australia, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Mexico, France, the United Kingdom, United States and Venezuela.
Thathagar
Thathagar (ઠાઠાગર) is a Gujarati caste. It is a sub-caste of the Mehra channel in the Brahmakshatriya community which is also known as Khatri Brahmin. During the 19th century the Thathagar community moved from Karachi in Sindh and settled in Gujarat, India. Chamunda is the Kuldevi or deity of this community. The famous temple of Maa Chamunda is located at Chotila and Uncha Kotda. The Thathagar community also worships their Dada's temple (Pitru Dev as per Hindu religion) which is located at Ghogha-Bhavnagar and Gariyadhar.

Mehra
Mehra is a Khatri Hindu surname found in India, predominantly in the Punjab, Delhi and Jammu regions. They generally come under the Dhai Ghar group of the Khatri caste. Mehra surname are mainly Khatri in origin but many clans from other states also uses this surname as well. This surname derives from the word Mihir, meaning sun or master. According to Aditya Malik, the Mehras of Uttarakhand are a community of Rajput landowners in the Kumaon Division of the Central Himalayas.
Upotipotpon
Upotipotpon is a locality in Victoria, Australia, 208 kilometres (129 mi) north-east of the state capital, Melbourne, and 27 kilometres (17 mi) km north of Violet Town. As of the 2021 Australian census, the population was 56. The name may derive from the Aboriginal expression pootong pootong, meaning "plenty of grass", and was used for a pastoral property taken up in 1841 between the Broken River and Stony Creek.

A small town used to exist in the area. Between 1882 and 1888, four primary schools were opened in the district, all carrying the Upotipotpon name. They were closed between 1938 and 1951. A post office, Upotipotpon Station, opened around 1902. It was renamed Upotipotpon around 1907 and closed in 1913. In 1911, the population was 240 and in 1933, it was 131.

Upotipotpon is one of the home towns listed on the Australian War Memorial in London.

Broken River (Victoria)
The Broken River, a minor inland perennial river of the Goulburn Broken catchment, part of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Alpine and Northern Country/North Central regions of the Australian state of Victoria. The headwaters of the Broken River rise in the western slopes of the Victorian Alps, near Bald Hill and descend to flow into the Goulburn River near Shepparton. The river is impounded by the Nillahcootie Dam to create Lake Nillahcootie and Benalla Dam to create Lake Benalla.
Pervukhin
Pervukhin (Russian: Перву́хин), female form Pervukhina (Russian: Перву́хина) is a Russian surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Ilya Pervukhin (born 1991), Russian canoeist

Konstantin Pervukhin (1863–1915), Russian painter

Mikhail Pervukhin (1904–1978), Soviet official

Vasili Pervukhin (born 1956), Russian ice hockey player

Vasili Pervukhin
Vasili Alekseevich Pervukhin (Russian: Василий Алексеевич Первухин) (born January 1, 1956) is a Russian former ice hockey player, who competed for the Soviet Union. At the national level he played for Dizelist Penza between 1974 and 1976, and for HC Dynamo Moscow between 1976 and 1989.

At the Olympics, Pervuhkin earned a Silver Medal in 1980 and a Gold in 1984.
Lead (geology)
A lead in hydrocarbon exploration, is a subsurface structural or stratigraphic feature with the potential to have entrapped oil or natural gas. When exploring a new area, or when new data becomes available in existing acreage, an explorer will carry out an initial screening to identify possible leads. Further work is then concentrated on the leads with the intention to mature at least some of them into drillable prospects.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Grand, Vosges
Grand (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

Grand is known for its Roman amphitheatre, mosaics, and aqueduct at the Archaeological site of Grand. It was the site of the coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Fat in 885.

Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.
Weisenborn
Weisenborn is a surname of German origin, originating as a habitational name for someone from any of numerous places named Weissenborn. Notable people with the surname include:

Clara Weisenborn (1907–1985), American politician

Gordon Weisenborn (1923–1987), American director, producer, writer, and cinematographer

Günther Weisenborn (1902–1969), German writer and resistance fighter

Rudolph Weisenborn (1881–1974), American artist

Hellmuth Weissenborn (1898–1982), German artist

Gordon Weisenborn
Gordon Weisenborn (March 20, 1923 – October 4, 1987) was an American director, producer, writer, and cinematographer specializing in sponsored and educational films. His works express a style that blends naturalism and lyricism with modernist abstraction. Many of Weisenborn's films address race and issues of diversity, and his film People Along the Mississippi (1952), produced with John Barnes, is credited as being the first classroom film to depict interracial friendship. He worked with John Barnes on the Academy Award-nominated film The Living City (1953), and won over 70 national and international awards for films and productions. He was listed as one of the top 20 makers of specialized film by the Directors Guild.
Michelangelo Maestri
Michelangelo Maestri was an Italian artist of the 18th century who died in Rome in 1812. His finest compositions are based on motifs from antique frescos discovered in Pompeii and Herculaneum and from designs by Raphael or his pupil Giulio Romano. His work became very popular and often purchased  by European travelers during their Grand Tour.

Some of his most famous gouaches portray Cupid in the form of a putto in a chariot being drawn by various animals. These were inspired by ceiling frescoes in the salone of Villa Lante, on the Janiculum Hill in Rome. Francesco Piranesi and Tommaso Piroli published these frescoes in a series of engravings in 1805 and attributed each drawing to Giulio Romano. Maestri probably knew the engravings as his inscriptions beneath the framing lines (describing the different types of love) are similar to those reported by Piranesi and Piroli.

Putto
A putto (Italian: [ˈputto]; plural putti [ˈputti]) is a figure in a work of art depicted as a chubby male child, usually naked and very often winged. Originally limited to profane passions in symbolism, the putto came to represent a sort of baby angel in religious art, often called a cherub (plural cherubim), though in traditional Christian theology, a cherub is actually one of the most senior types of angel.

The same figures were also seen in representations of classical myth, and increasingly in general decorative art. In Baroque art the putto came to represent the omnipresence of God. A putto representing a cupid is also called an amorino (plural amorini) or amoretto (plural amoretti).