hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexis Hellmer
Alexis Hellmer is a Mexican Latinist and classicist and the founder of Studium Angelopolitanum. He is a Professor of the Latin language and literature at the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla and at the Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla.

Professor Hellmer is an alumnus of Luigi Miraglia's Accademia Vivarium Novum. As a student, he spent one year in Montella learning Latin language and classical humanities. From 2009 to 2012, he taught (ancient) Latin literature at Vivarium Novum.

A proponent of Hans Ørberg's natural method of language learning, he has been ranked among the top Latin speakers in the world. In 2015 and 2016, he served as repetitor (teaching staff) at Rusticatio Virginiana  and Conventiculum Bostoniense. In February 2017, Professor Hellmer was a speaker in the Living Latin in New York City conference, organized by the Paideia Institute and Fordham University of New York.

Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla
The Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (Autonomous Popular University of the State of Puebla, UPAEP) is a private (Catholic), non-profit university located in the Mexican state of Puebla.

Founded on 7 May 1973, it is currently a highly reputed university with an important national and international presence which has over 43 undergraduate programs, 34 masters programs, 12 Ph.D. programs, and 11 specializations.
Mandwaal
Mandwaal is a village located in the Rawalpindi District in Punjab province of Pakistan. Mandwal was part of Attock District and was later merged with Rawalpindi District in the late 1970s. The village has a population of 2500-3000 people. The historical Soan River crosses through the village.

The mountain range known as Kheri Murat sprawls over 8,740 the hill's boundaries of Kheri touches Mandwal.

Attock District
Attock District (Punjabi and Urduضلع اٹک :), known as Campbellpur District during the British Raj, is a district in northwestern Punjab, Pakistan. Located on the Pothohar Plateau, it was created in April 1904.

According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Attock District is 2,133,005 (2.1 million), making it the 23rd most populous district of the province behind Rajanpur district and the 37th most populous district in Pakistan.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Haiti
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Haiti refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Haiti. The first branch (small congregation) was formed in 1980. As of December 31, 2024, there were 25,793 members in 50 congregations in Haiti.

Seventy (LDS Church)
Seventy is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Traditionally, a church member holding this priesthood office is a "traveling minister" and an "especial witness" of Jesus Christ, charged with the mission of preaching the gospel to the entire world under the direction of the Twelve Apostles. The church teaches that the office of seventy was anciently conferred upon the seventy disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke  10:1-2. Multiple individuals holding the office of seventy are referred to collectively as seventies.
Necrolemur
Necrolemur is a small bodied omomyid with body mass estimations ranging from 114–346 g (4.0–12.2 oz). Necrolemur’s teeth feature broad basins and blunt cusps, suggesting their diet consisted of mostly soft fruit, though examination of microwear patterns suggests that populations from lower latitudes also consumed insects and gums.

While they do not sport a true tooth comb like modern lemurs, microwear patterns on their lower incisors suggest they engaged in fur grooming behaviors. Like tarsiers, Necrolemur had large, front-facing, close set eyes and were likely nocturnal. Analysis of cranial and postcranial fossils by paleontologists suggest members of the family Omomyidae, including the genus Necrolemur, possessed highly specialized adaptations for leaping.

Frugivore
A frugivore (/ˈfruːdʒɪvɔːr/ FROO-jih-vor) is an animal that thrives mostly on fruits.

Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance and nutritional composition of fruits. Frugivores can benefit or hinder fruit-producing plants by either dispersing or destroying their seeds through digestion. When both the fruit-producing plant and the frugivore benefit by fruit-eating behavior the interaction is a form of mutualism.
Fatimah Hashim
Tun Fatimah binti Hashim (Jawi: فاطمة بنت هاشم; 25 December 1924 – 9 January 2010) was a Malaysian freedom fighter who later served as a minister in the Malaysian cabinet. Along with her husband, Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Yusof, they were the first and only couple to both be ministers in the Malaysian cabinet.

Federation of Malaya
Malaya, officially the Federation of Malaya, was a country in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1963. It succeeded the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.

Initially a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom, Malaya became fully sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. Singapore was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya along with Sarawak and Sabah – now collectively known as East Malaysia – to form modern-day Malaysia, while the former Federation of Malaya is now referred to as Peninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia.
Henri Elby (1918–1986)
Henri Elby (22 November 1918 – 31 July 1986) was a French politician who represented Pas-de-Calais in the Senate from 1983 to 1986.

Elby was the son of Henri Elby and the grandson of Jules Elby. He was elected to the Senate in 1983 and sat in the Union of Republicans and Independents (UREI) group. He was a member of the Committee on Economic Affairs. He died in office in 1986.

He was a knight of the National Order of Merit.

Ordre national du Mérite
The Ordre national du Mérite (French: [ɔʁdʁ nɑsjɔnal dy meʁit]; English: National Order of Merit) is a French order of merit with membership awarded by the President of the French Republic, founded on 3 December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle. The reason for the order's establishment was twofold: to replace the large number of ministerial orders previously awarded by the ministries; and to create an award that can be awarded at a lower level than the Legion of Honour, which is generally reserved for French citizens. It comprises about 185,000 members; 306,000 members have been admitted or promoted in 50 years.
Volcán de Flores
Volcán de Flores is the most prominent stratovolcano in a volcanic field composed of several small volcanoes in southern Guatemala. With an elevation of 1,600 m (5,200 ft), it is located approximately 10 km west of the city of Jutiapa.

Volcanic field
A volcanic field is an area of Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. The type and number of volcanoes required to be called a "field" is not well-defined. Volcanic fields usually consist of clusters of up to 100 volcanoes such as cinder cones. Lava flows may also occur. They may occur as a monogenetic volcanic field or a polygenetic volcanic field.
Nelida Nassar
Nélida Nassar is a Lebanese-American designer and art critic. She founded Nassar Design in 1986 and started her own practice. Nassar is the Principal of Nassar Design, a visual strategy firm dedicated to the advancement of design innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration and an intensive dialogue with the various graphic industries. The practice work lies at the intersection of architectural signage, branding, graphic design and strategy of communication and is notable for its inventiveness in dramatically complex projects.

David E. Carter
David Edward Carter (November 24, 1942 – April 24, 2023) was an American businessman and writer on graphic design, logo design, and corporate branding. He wrote many books on trademark and logo design and won a number of regional Emmys for his local television productions. After moving to Sanibel Island, Carter had teamed with Pfeifer Realty Group owner Eric Pfeifer to make several historical documentaries about Sanibel Island, including Sanibel Before the Causeway and Postcards and Pictures from Sanibel.

Carter died on April 24, 2023, at age 80.
Group 6 element
Group 6, numbered by IUPAC style, is a group of elements in the periodic table. Its members are chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and seaborgium (Sg). These are all transition metals and chromium, molybdenum and tungsten are refractory metals.

The electron configuration of these elements do not follow a unified trend, though the outermost shells do correlate with trends in chemical behavior:

"Group 6" is the new IUPAC name for this group; the old style name was "group VIB" in the old US system (CAS) or "group VIA" in the European system (old IUPAC). Group 6 must not be confused with the group with the old-style group crossed names of either VIA (US system, CAS) or VIB (European system, old IUPAC). That group is now called group 16.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carl Wilhelm Scheele (German: [ˈʃeːlə], Swedish: [ˈɧêːlɛ]; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist.

Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified the elements molybdenum, tungsten, barium, nitrogen, and chlorine, among others. Scheele discovered organic acids tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids. He preferred speaking German to Swedish his whole life, as German was commonly spoken among Swedish pharmacists.
John W. Lathrop
John W. Lathrop (born October 17, 1963) was a brigadier general in the California Army National Guard who served as the commanding general of Train, Advise, and Assist Command South. He is a 1986 graduate of the University of California, Riverside, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in Public Service and Political Science. He was commissioned through the Claremont College Reserve Officer Training Program where he received an appointment into the Active Component. During his more than 32 years of active and reserve service he has held command and staff positions across the Army, Reserves, and Joint Community in Korea, the United States, and Southwest Asia. He assumed his current assignment in October, 2017. He retired from service on December 31, 2018.

Overseas Service Ribbon
An Overseas Service Ribbon is a service military award of the United States military which recognizes those service members who have performed military tours outside the borders of the United States of America. There are different versions of the Overseas Service Ribbons for the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Space Force, and the U.S. Coast Guard. Both the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marines receive the Navy and Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon.
Aline Bonami
Aline Bonami (née Nivat) is a French mathematician known for her expertise in mathematical analysis. She is a professor emeritus at the University of Orléans, and was president of the Société mathématique de France for 2012–2013.

University of Orléans
The University of Orléans (French: Université d'Orléans) is a French university, in the Academy of Orléans and Tours. As of July 2015 it is a member of the regional university association Leonardo da Vinci consolidated University.
President of the Government of Catalonia
The president of the Government of Catalonia (Catalan: President de la Generalitat de Catalunya, IPA: [pɾəziˈðen də lə ʒənəɾəliˈtad də kətəˈluɲə]) is head of government of Catalonia, leading the executive branch of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government.

It is one of the bodies that the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia stipulates as part of the Generalitat de Catalunya, others being the Parliament, the Govern or Executive Council, the Council for Statutory Guarantees, and the Catalan Ombudsman (Síndic de Greuges).

The current president is Salvador Illa of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, who won a plurality in the 2024 Catalan regional election and formed the first unionist government in Catalonia since 2010.

Socialists' Party of Catalonia
The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Catalan: Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya [pərˈtid dəls susiəˈlistəz də kətəˈluɲə], PSC [ˈpe ˈesə ˈse]) is a social democratic political party in Catalonia, Spain, resulting from the merger of three parties: the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping, led by Josep Pallach i Carolà, the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress, and the Catalan Federation of the PSOE. It is the Catalan instance of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), and its Aranese section is Unity of Aran. The party had also been allied with federalist and republican political platform Citizens for Change (Ciutadans pel Canvi) until the 2010 election. PSC–PSOE has its power base in the Barcelona metropolitan area and the comarques of Tarragonès, Montsià, and Val d'Aran.
HMS Opportune (1915)
HMS Opportune was an Admiralty M-class destroyer which served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. The vessel was launched on 20 November 1915 and joined the Grand Fleet. Opportune spent much of the war involved in anti-submarine warfare. The ship took part in large patrols to seek out submarines which involved entire flotillas and also acted as an escort for convoys. After the Armistice that marked the end of the First World War, the destroyer was transferred to Portsmouth and placed in reserve. After a brief spell as a remote controlled target to test how warships responded to attacks by aircraft, Opportune was decommissioned and, on 7 December 1923, sold to be broken up.

Royal Navy during the First World War
The Royal Navy during the First World War entered the conflict as the world's most powerful fleet, maintaining British naval supremacy since the victory at Trafalgar in 1805. However, the war brought unprecedented challenges and setbacks for the Royal Navy. At the pivotal Battle of Jutland in 1916, the Navy suffered its first major fleet defeat since Trafalgar, shaking confidence in its unassailable dominance. The Royal Navy also faced serious difficulties countering the German U-boat threat, leading to heavy shipping losses and a critical failure to provide adequate convoys and escorts in the war’s early years. Strategic ambitions were further frustrated by the unsuccessful Dardanelles Campaign of 1915, an attempt to force open a sea route to Russia which ended in failure and heavy losses. Meanwhile, the conflict saw the advent of the airplane in naval warfare, introducing new reconnaissance and combat roles that began to reshape naval strategy and operations.
Megaloprotachne
Megaloprotachne is a genus of African plants in the grass family. The only known species is Megaloprotachne albescens, native to Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa (Northern Cape, North West, and Limpopo)

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
When the Wind Blows (Hare novel)
When the Wind Blows is a 1949 detective novel by the British author Cyril Hare. It is the third in his series of five novels featuring the amateur detective Francis Pettigrew, a barrister. It was first published in London by Faber and Faber and released in the United States by Little, Brown under the alternative title The Wind Blows Death.

Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston. It publishes works by American authors. Early lists featured Emily Dickinson's poetry and Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Since 2006, Little, Brown and Company is a division of the Hachette Book Group.
2015 Charikot helicopter crash
On 12 May 2015, a US Marine Corps Bell UH-1Y Venom of Camp Pendleton-based HMLA-469 squadron crashed in the Charikot region of Nepal during Operation Sahayogi Haat, a humanitarian relief effort following the earthquake that had struck the region earlier. All 13 occupants were killed.

Bell UH-1Y Venom
The Bell UH-1Y Venom (also called Super Huey) is a twin-engine, 4-blade, medium-sized utility helicopter built by Bell Textron under the H-1 upgrade program of the United States Marine Corps. One of the latest members of the numerous Huey family, the UH-1Y is also called "Yankee" for the NATO phonetic alphabet pronunciation of its variant letter. Bell was originally to produce UH-1Ys by rebuilding UH-1Ns, but ultimately used new built airframes.

In 2008, the UH-1Y entered service with the Marine Corps and also began full-rate production. The new UH-1 variant replaced the USMC's UH-1N Twin Huey light utility helicopters, introduced in the early 1970s. The helicopter (and related Bell AH-1Z Viper) were ordered by the Czech Republic and the helicopter is in production in the early 2020s. Visually, some features that differentiate the Y model are a slightly longer cabin and larger twin engine exhaust vents compared to the earlier N model.
Herb Mitchell (actor)
Herbert L. Mitchell Jr. (June 18, 1937 – January 4, 2011), credited as Herb Mitchell and sometimes Herb L. Mitchell, was an American actor, director, and teacher. He was a stockbroker before he made the switch to acting, appearing in films; stage plays such as The Fiddler on the Roof, in which he played the lead role of Tevye; television shows including The Practice, on which he had a recurring role; and commercials, including ones for stock brokerage firms Dean Witter Reynolds and Paine Webber.

Ellsworth, Maine
Ellsworth is a city in and the county seat of Hancock County, Maine, United States. The 2020 Census determined it had a population of 8,399. Named after United States Founding Father Oliver Ellsworth, it contains historic buildings and other points of interest, and is close to Acadia National Park.
Jinn in horror films
Jinn frequently feature as an element of horror in Middle Eastern movies. Jinn are popular in the horror genre since 2004. Many of these films were produced in Turkey. Iranian movies similarly utilize jinn as an element of horror.: 186–207  The trope often revolves around social conflicts and magical beliefs.

Cinema of Iran
The cinema of Iran (Persian: سینمای ایران), or of Persia, refers to the film industry in Iran. In particular, Iranian art films have garnered international recognition. Iranian films are usually written and spoken in the Persian language. Iran has been lauded as one of the best exporters of cinema in the 1990s. Some critics now rank Iran as the world's most important national cinema, artistically, with a significance that invites comparison to Italian neorealism and similar movements in past decades. A range of international film festivals have honoured Iranian cinema in the last twenty years.

Many film critics from around the world have praised Iranian cinema as one of the world's most important artistic cinemas.
Fitt
Fitt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred B. Fitt (1923–1992), United States lawyer

Gerry Fitt (1926–2005), politician in Northern Ireland

Lawton Fitt (born 1953), American banker

Matthew Fitt, Lowland Scots/Lallans poet and novelist

The word can also be a technical term for a section of a long poem in medieval Germanic-language alliterative verse.

Lawton Fitt
Lawton Wehle Fitt (born July 1953) is an American banker.

She completed college at Brown University, majoring in European history. After working in Burkina Faso with the Peace Corps, she studied at the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business.

From 1979 to 2002, Fitt was a banker with Goldman Sachs.

In 2002, Fitt succeeded David Gordon as secretary of the Royal Academy, holding that position until 2005.
Mezvinsky
Mezvinsky is a surname found in the United States. Notable people with this surname include:

Edward Mezvinsky (born 1937), American politician and convicted felon

Marc Mezvinsky (born 1977), American investment banker and husband of Chelsea Clinton

Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky (born 1942), American journalist and politician

Norton Mezvinsky (1932 – 2022), American professor

Edward Mezvinsky
Edward Maurice Mezvinsky (/mɛzˈvɪnski/; born January 17, 1937) is an American politician and lawyer from Iowa. He is a former U.S. representative and felon. A Democrat, he represented Iowa's 1st congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives for two terms (1973–77).

Mezvinsky grew up in Ames, Iowa, and played high school football there. He graduated from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law (1965). After being elected to the Iowa Legislature (1968), he lost a race for Congress in 1970, then won in 1972 and was re-elected in 1974. He made several unsuccessful U.S. Senate attempts in the 1980s. In 2001, he was convicted of 31 charges of felony fraud, and served five years in federal prison.

In 2010, he became father-in-law to Chelsea Clinton, the daughter of former U.S. President Bill and former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
Bishop of Huntingdon
The Bishop of Huntingdon is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Ely, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after Huntingdon, the historic county town of Huntingdonshire, England.

Province of Canterbury
The Province of Canterbury, or less formally the Southern Province, is one of two ecclesiastical provinces which constitute the Church of England. The other is the Province of York (which consists of 12 dioceses).
Chinese grouse
The Chinese grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi), also known as Severtzov's grouse, is the smallest grouse in the world. The species was first discovered and described by Przewalski in 1876.

It is endemic to China, where it is considered endangered by the China Red Data Book.

The bird is named after a Russian explorer and naturalist, Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov.

Nikolai Severtsov
Nikolai Alekseyevich Severtsov (Russian: Николай Алексеевич Северцов; 5 November 1827 – 7 February 1885) was a Russian explorer and naturalist. He was among the early promoters of Darwinian ideas in Russia.
O. Carter Snead
O. Carter Snead is an American legal scholar and bioethicist.

Snead obtained a Bachelor of Arts at St. John's College in Maryland and completed his legal education at the Georgetown University Law Center. He is the Charles E. Rice Professor of Law at Notre Dame Law School with a joint appointment in the College of Arts and Letters in the department of political science. From 2012 to 2024, he was director of the de Nicola Center for Ethics and Culture at the University of Notre Dame.

Notre Dame Law School
Notre Dame Law School is the law school of the University of Notre Dame.  Established in 1869, it is the oldest continuously operating Catholic law school in the United States.

The school enrolls about 600 students and in addition to the J.D. degree it also offers dual JD–MBA and several a dual J.D. and Masters combined degrees (including JD/MS, JD/MA, JD/M.Eng.). It also offers the only American Bar Association–approved, year-long, study-abroad program, which is based in London.