hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samangan Province
Samangan (Pashto, Dari: سمنگان) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located north of the Hindu Kush mountains in the central part of the country. The province covers 11,218 square kilometres (4,331 mi2), and is surrounded by Sar-e Pol Province in the west, Balkh in the north, Baghlan in the east and Bamyan in the south.

Samangan province is divided into 7 districts and contains 674 villages. It has a population of about 325,000, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. The city of Aybak serves as the provincial capital.

In 2021, the Taliban gained control of the province during the 2021 Taliban offensive.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
Woodhouseite
Woodhouseite belongs to the beudantite group AB3(XO4)(SO4)(OH)6 where A = Ba, Ca, Pb or Sr, B = Al or Fe and X = S, As or P.  Minerals in this group are isostructural with each other and also with minerals in the crandallite and alunite groups. They crystallise in the rhombohedral system with space group R3m and crystals are usually either tabular {0001} or pseudo-cubic to pseudo-cuboctahedral.
Woodhouseite was named after Professor Charles Douglas Woodhouse (1888–1975), an American mineralogist and mineral collector from the University of California, Santa Barbara, US, and one-time General Manager of Champion Sillimanite, Inc.

Hexagonal crystal family
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal families, which includes two crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and two lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral). While commonly confused, the trigonal crystal system and the rhombohedral lattice system are not equivalent (see section crystal systems below). In particular, there are crystals that have trigonal symmetry but belong to the hexagonal lattice (such as α-quartz).

The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice, and is the union of the hexagonal crystal system and the trigonal crystal system. There are 52 space groups associated with it, which are exactly those whose Bravais lattice is either hexagonal or rhombohedral.
Outside of Heaven
"Outside of Heaven" is a popular music song written by Sammy Gallop and Chester Conn.  A recording by Eddie Fisher with Hugo Winterhalter's orchestra and chorus was made at Manhattan Center, New York City, on July 19, 1952, produced by Winterhalter. It was issued by RCA Victor with the catalog number 20-4953 (in the USA) and by EMI Records (in the UK) on the His Master's Voice label as catalog number B 10362.

Manhattan Center
The Manhattan Center is a building in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Built in 1906 and located at 311 West 34th Street, it houses Manhattan Center Studios, the location of two recording studios; its Grand Ballroom; and the Hammerstein Ballroom, a performance venue. In 1976, the building was purchased by its current owner, the Unification Church, for $3 million. Some of the enterprises residing in the building include: Telemundo, Macy's, CFDA, WeWork, Facebook, iHeart Media, Samsung, American Heart Association, Robin Hood, FX Network, Endeavor, MAC Cosmetics, Viacom, SiriusXM, NBA, NBC Universal, Masterbeat, Formerly Al Jazeera America HQ, Broadway Cares Equity Fights AIDS.
Viken County Municipality
Viken County Municipality (Norwegian: Viken fylkeskommune) was the democratically elected regional governing administration of Viken county in Norway. The main responsibilities of the county municipality included the overseeing the county's 21 upper secondary schools, county roadways, public transport, dental care, culture, and cultural heritage. The public transportation in the county was managed by Brakar, Østfold Kollektivtrafikk, and Ruter. Ruter was co-owned with the city of Oslo.

Norwegian county road
A Norwegian county road (Bokmål: fylkesvei or Nynorsk: fylkesveg) is a highway in Norway owned and maintained by the local county municipality.  Some of the roads have road signs.  The signs are white with black numbers.
Rebbo
Rebbo or Horvat Rebbo (Hebrew: חורבת רִבּוֹא, lit. "Rebbo ruins"), alternative spellings: Robbo, Ribbo; in Arabic Khurbet Rubba (lit. "Rubba ruins"), is an ancient site in Israel, mentioned by Eusebius in his Onomasticon as possibly referring to a site by a similar name in the Book of Joshua. The site, which is now a ruin, sits on a hill 414 metres (1,358 ft) above sea level, in the Shephelah region, and is now part of the Adullam-France Park, maintained by the Jewish National Fund (KKL). It lies about 1.5 km. to the west of Aderet as the crow flies, and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Beit Guvrin National Park.

The site is quite extensive and contains tunnels believed to have been in use during the Bar Kokhba revolt. Tombs from the Second Temple period, agricultural features and cisterns (now covered with iron gratings) can be seen on the site. Many lentisk mastic trees (Pistacia lentiscus) and buckthorns (Rhamnus lycioides) cover the site.

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus (also lentisk or mastic) is a dioecious evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Pistacia native to the Mediterranean Basin. It grows up to 4 m (13 ft) tall and is cultivated for its aromatic resin, mainly on the Greek island of Chios, around the Turkish town of Çeşme and northern parts of Iraq.
2016 World RX of Germany
The 2016 World RX of Germany was the eleventh round of the third season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Estering in Buxtehude, Lower Saxony. Mattias Ekström won his maiden World Championship with a round to spare, holding a 30-point buffer to nearest rival Petter Solberg.

FIA World Rallycross Championship
The FIA World Rallycross Championship (official abbreviation is World RX,to be world rallycross Cup) is a rallycross series organised and promoted by the FIA. In September 2025, just days before the final round of the 2025 season, it was announced that the championship will revert to being the European Rallycross Championship as seen prior to 2014.
François-Benjamin Chaussemiche
François-Benjamin Chaussemiche (June 4, 1864 – 1945) was a French architect.

Chaussemiche was born in Tours, and in 1883 entered the École des Beaux-Arts where he became a student and later colleague of Victor Laloux. He won the Prix de Rome for architecture in 1893, and served as chief architect of the Palace of Versailles from 1917-1924, during which time he created the Parc botanique de Jussieu (now the Arboretum de Chèvreloup).

Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome (pronounced [pʁi də ʁɔm]) or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
Van Buren County
Van Buren County is the name of four present counties in the United States, all of which are named for Martin Van Buren.

Van Buren County, Arkansas

Van Buren County, Iowa

Van Buren County, Michigan

Van Buren County, Tennessee

Cass County, Missouri, formerly called Van Buren County

Van Buren County, Iowa
Van Buren County (/væn ˈbjʊərən/ van BURE-ən) is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census the population was 7,203, making it the state's tenth-least populous county. The county seat is Keosauqua, which contains the oldest continuously operational courthouse in Iowa, and second-oldest in the United States.
Drvenija Bridge
The Drvenija Bridge is a bridge located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The bridge was built during the Austro-Hungarian reign in 1898 and crosses the river Miljacka. It is important heritage in downtown Sarajevo, and a feature in city's social life. It is one of the busiest pedestrian bridges over the Miljacka.

In 2019, the City of Sarajevo initiated conservation and restoration work on the bridge, on account of damage to the walkways, concrete parts, and the bridge railing, due to atmospheric influences.

Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina fell under Austro-Hungarian rule in 1878, when the Congress of Berlin approved the occupation of the Bosnia Vilayet, which officially remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Three decades later, in 1908, Austria-Hungary provoked the Bosnian crisis by formally annexing the occupied zone, establishing the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the joint control of Austria and Hungary.
Puebla frog
The Puebla frog or Pueblan pool frog (Lithobates pueblae) is a species of frog in the family Ranidae endemic to Necaxa River near Huauchinango, Puebla state, Mexico, where it is known as rana poblana. It was thought to probably be extinct until 2010 when Dr. Georg Hantke from the National Museum of Scotland re-discovered it.

Natural habitats of the Puebla frog are pine and pine-oak forests near permanent river systems, its breeding habitat. It is threatened by loss of its river habitat, damming of Necaxa River being an important contributor.

Huauchinango
Huauchinango (formally, Huauchinango de Degollado, commemorating 19th-century liberal politician and soldier Santos Degollado) is a city in the far north of the state of Puebla in central Mexico. It is located in the rugged Sierra Norte de Puebla mountain region, filled with peaks, ravines and rivers that form waterfalls. The city is home to a locally venerated image called the Señor del Santo Entierro (Lord of the Holy Burial) and also to the area's main commercial fair, the Feria de las Flores, which promotes the area's flower production, especially that of azaleas. It serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name.
Hedley Ringrose
Hedley Sidney Ringrose (29 June 1942 – 15 April 2021) was the Archdeacon of Cheltenham from 1998 to 2009.

Ringrose studied for ordination at Salisbury Theological College and was ordained in 1969. After curacies at Bishopston, Bristol and Easthampstead he was Vicar of St George, Gloucester from 1975 to 1988, during which period he was Rural Dean of Gloucester City; and then of Cirencester until his appointment as Archdeacon.

Ringrose played an active role in the education community and was a school governor. He was on the Governing Board of St Mary’s Calne from 2011 and was also a governor of Rendcomb College.

School governor
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, school governors are the overseers of a school. In state schools, they have three main functions:

Giving the school a clear vision, ethos and strategic direction

Holding the headteacher to account for the educational performance of the school and its pupils

Overseeing the financial performance of the school and making sure its money is well spent.

They are the largest volunteer force in the country.
Protopterus
Protopterus is the genus of four species of lungfish found in Africa. Protopterus is considered the sole genus in the family Protopteridae, which is  grouped with Lepidosiren in the order Lepidosireniformes.

Max Poll
Max Fernand Leon Poll (21 July 1908 in Ruisbroek – 13 March 1991 in Uccle) was a Belgian ichthyologist who specialised in the Cichlidae. In the years 1946 and 1947 he organised an expedition to Lake Tanganyika.

He has described several species of Pseudocrenilabrinae, such as Lamprologus signatus, Steatocranus casuarius, Neolamprologus brichardi, and Neolamprologus pulcher.

He was a member of The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium, professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles, and conservator at the Royal Museum of the Belgian Congo in Tervuren.
He was an honorary member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.
Sorabh Pant
Sorabh Pant (born 14 September 1981) is an Indian stand-up comedian and writer.

He has performed over 250 shows. He was rated amongst India's top-ten stand-up comedians by The Times of India. In a poll by IBN Live in March 2012, he was listed number one of the thirty-most interesting Twitter users in India.

Network18 Group
Network18 Media & Investments Limited (d/b/a Network18 Group) is an Indian media conglomerate owned by the Reliance Industries with 56.89% share headed by Mukesh Ambani and rest of 43.11% is equity holding. Rahul Joshi is the managing director, chief executive officer and group editor-in-chief, and Adil Zainulbhai is the chairman of its board of directors.

Incorporated in 1996 by Geeta and Rakesh Gupta, the company was acquired by Ritu Kapur and Raghav Bahl to be converted into a conglomerate holding company between 2003 and 2006. It oversaw one of the largest collections of media properties in India following its conversion but became encumbered with debt due to aggressive expansions. In 2012, the company entered into a debt agreement with Reliance Industries, through which it was granted a number of channels from the ETV Network. The agreement eventually enabled a hostile takeover of the company in 2014.
Oree Originol
Oree Originol (born 1984) is an American visual artist and activist, working in the San Francisco Bay Area. His portraits of victims of police violence have been used in social justice demonstrations. Originol's work has been included in exhibits at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA), and the Oakland Museum of California.

Oakland Museum of California
The Oakland Museum of California or OMCA (formerly the Oakland Museum) is an interdisciplinary museum dedicated to the art, history, and natural science of California, located at 1000 Oak Street in Oakland, California. The museum contains more than 1.8 million objects dedicated to "telling the extraordinary story of California."
Mambo (title)
Mambo (pl. Madzimambo) is a Bantu title roughly equivalent to "king" or "emperor".: 18 : 348  It is most closely associated with the precolonial Shona states, such as the Rozvi and Mutapa empires. Madzimambo often also fulfilled religious duties as sacred kings.: 135  In the Mutapa Empire, chiefs subordinate to the emperor sometimes desired to be referred to as madzimambo, though the title was reserved for the emperor.: 18  In the Maravi Empire, mambo became a title for junior leaders.

Nowadays, in Shona mambo can be used as a respectful form of address.: 637

Sacred king
In many historical societies, the position of kingship carried a sacral meaning and was identical with that of a high priest and judge. Divine kingship is related to the concept of theocracy, although a sacred king need not necessarily rule through his religious authority; rather, the temporal position itself has a religious significance behind it. The monarch may be divine,
become divine,
or represent divinity to a greater or lesser extent.
Paycocke's House and Gardens
Paycocke's House and Gardens are a surviving example of a Tudor merchant's house and garden in Coggeshall, Essex, England. The house was built for Thomas Paycocke, a wealthy cloth merchant in the town. The house was very nearly destroyed in the 19th century, but was rescued and restored by Lord Noel Buxton in the early 20th century, before being handed to the care of the National Trust.

The house has been described as an attractive half-timbered house, notable particularly for its intricate woodwork and carvings.

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Ricerche di Matematica
Ricerche di Matematica is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal on applied mathematics and pure mathematics. It was established in 1952 by Carlo Miranda with the collaboration of Renato Caccioppoli and other members of the Istituto di Matematica of the University of Naples Federico II. From 1952 to 2005 the journal was published in 54 volumes in Naples with articles in Italian, English, or French. From 2006 "Ricerche di Matematica" (with articles only in English) is published by Springer-Verlag under the auspices of the Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni "Renato Caccioppoli"; a board of professors in this department at the University of Naples Federico II appoints and supports the journal's editors. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
MOXI, The Wolf Museum of Exploration + Innovation
MOXI, The Wolf Museum of Exploration + Innovation is a non-profit science and children's museum in Santa Barbara, California. A 501(c)(3) non-profit, the museum opened on February 25th, 2017.

The 17,000 square feet (1,600 m2) of exhibits are primarily geared towards children with a particular emphasis placed on STEAM education. As of 2024 MOXI saw just over 167,000 visitors annually and in June 2024 celebrated its 1-millionth visitor.

The Wolf in the museum's name comes from Dick Wolf who donated multiple millions of dollars to the museum and who's ex-wife Noelle sat on the board for over a decade.

The museum is located between the historic Santa Barbara Train Station and Santa Barbara's Hotel Indigo.

Hotel Indigo
Hotel Indigo by IHG is a global brand group of small, individually owned boutique hotels, which is part of IHG Hotels & Resorts (InterContinental Hotels Group). As of June 2024, it has 156 hotels with over 20,000 rooms worldwide, and has stated that it plans to open more than 150 further hotels.
Athyma asura
Athyma asura, also known as the studded sergeant or the Himalayan studded sergeant, is a species of large, tailess nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and in subtropical regions of Asia. It lives on rocks and stream habitats. The species primary coloration is black, white and brown. This species is protected in India under Schedule II of the Wildlife (Protection) act of 1972. A. asura has two subspecies, Athyma asura asura and Athyma asura idita.

Bombay Natural History Society
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research. It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Many prominent naturalists, including the ornithologists Sálim Ali and S. Dillon Ripley, have been associated with it.
Libby Houston
Libby Houston (born 1941) is an English poet and botanist. The native of North London has published several collections of poetry. Houston, a research associate at the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Bristol, has discovered several new species of whitebeam (Sorbus), one of which has been given her name. In addition to membership in several organisations related to botany, Houston is a participant in the Avon Gorge & Downs Wildlife Project. She was the recipient of the H. H. Bloomer medal in 2012. The award from the Linnean Society of London acknowledged her contribution to natural history, in particular, the body of knowledge of whitebeams in Britain, and the flora of Avon Gorge in Bristol, England. In 2018, she was recipient of the Marsh Botany Award, in recognition of lifetime achievement in the field.

Sorbus
Sorbus is a genus of over 100 species of trees and shrubs in the rose family, Rosaceae. Species of Sorbus (s.str.) are commonly known as rowan or mountain-ash. The genus used to include species commonly known as whitebeam, chequer tree and service tree that are now classified in other genera (see below). The genus Sorbus, as currently circumscribed, includes only the pinnate leaved species of former subgenus Sorbus.

Sorbus is not closely related to the true ash trees which belong to the genus Fraxinus, although the leaves are superficially similar.
Nunawading City FC
Nunawading City Football Club is an Australian semi-professional association football club based in Forest Hill, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1971, the club currently competes in the Victoria Premier League 2

Forest Hill, Victoria
Forest Hill is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Whitehorse local government area. Forest Hill recorded a population of 10,780 at the 2021 census.

In 2017 Forest Hill was ranked 93rd on Melbourne's most liveable suburb list.

The suburb is predominantly residential, featuring low to medium-density housing.
Sapperton Valley
Sapperton Valley (grid reference SO935035) is a 3.7-hectare (9.1-acre) nature reserve near Chalford in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England. The site is managed by the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust under leasing arrangements with the Bathurst Estate, in place since 1964.

Earl Bathurst
Earl Bathurst, of Bathurst in the County of Sussex, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain.

The medieval English word was Botehurst, thought to date at least from the 13th century. Bote is the origination of Battle, although the family may have settled there post-dating the Conquest. This translated as 'a wood in a wood' which may in contradistinction have meant a clearing. The name of Apsley adopted by the family derived from Thakenham, near Pulborough in east Sussex, which may have referred to apse - lea or a 'church in a meadow'. The Bathurst estates were at Cirencester Park and Paulerspury, Northamptonshire, which Bathursts inherited before the park was laid out in the Cotswolds.