hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Basil Williams
Basil Williams is the name of:

Basil Williams (cricketer) (1949–2015), former West Indian cricketer

Basil Williams (figure skater) (1891–1951), British single skater and pair skater

Basil Williams (historian) (1867–1950), English historian

Basil Williams (cricketer)
Alvadon Basil Williams (21 November 1949 – 25 October 2015) was a West Indian cricketer who played in seven Test matches from 1978 to 1979.

He was married to Patricia Williams and together they had two sons, Basil Williams and Germaine Williams, who became the famous rapper known as Canibus.

He later had a daughter, Gabrielle Williams.
Stanley station (North Dakota)
Stanley station is a train station in Stanley, North Dakota served by Amtrak's Empire Builder line. The platform, tracks, and wooden depot are owned by BNSF Railway. It was originally a Great Northern Railway station that was a replacement for an earlier one, which is now a private residence.

In 2025, Amtrak completed a $400,000 renovation of the station to improve accessibility.

Empire Builder
The Empire Builder is a daily long-distance passenger train operated by Amtrak between Chicago and either Seattle or Portland via two sections west of Spokane. Introduced in 1929, it was the flagship passenger train of the Great Northern Railway and was retained by Amtrak when it took over intercity rail service in 1971.

The end-to-end travel time of the route is 45–46 hours for an average speed of about 50 mph (80 km/h), though the train travels as fast as 79 mph (127 km/h) over the majority of the route. It is Amtrak's busiest long-distance route.

During fiscal year 2023, the Empire Builder carried 338,993 passengers, an increase of 15.0% from FY2022 but 21.8% below pre-COVID-19 levels (433,372 passengers during FY2019). During FY2022, the train had a total revenue of $49,600,000.
Kunkavav Vadia Taluka
Kunkavav Vadia Taluka is a geographical subdivision located in the Amreli district of the state of Gujarat, India. It is situated in the western part of the country and falls within the Saurashtra region. Wadia  is the headquarters of the taluka.

Kathiawar
Kathiawar (Gujarati: [kɑʈʰijɑʋɑɽ]), also known as Saurashtra (Gujarati: [sɔɾɑʂʈrə]), is a peninsula in the south-western Gujarat state in India, bordering the Arabian Sea and covering about 61,000 km2 (23,500 sq mi). It is bounded by the Kutch district in the north, the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest, and by the Gulf of Khambhat in the east. In the northeast, it is connected to the rest of the state and borders on the low, fertile hinterland of Ahmedabad. It is crossed by two belts of hill country and is drained radially by nine rivers which have little natural flow aside from in monsoon months, thus dams have been built on some of these. Kathiawar ports have been flourishing centres of trade and commerce since at least the 16th century. It was formerly a state of India.
Leo Glavine
Leo A. Glavine (born 1948) is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Kings West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 2003 until his retirement from politics in 2021. He is a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Kings West (Nova Scotia electoral district)
Kings West is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. It includes the town of Berwick and the villages of Aylesford, Kingston, and Greenwood.
Heorhiy Bushchan
Heorhiy Mykolayovych Bushchan (Ukrainian: Гео́ргій Микола́йович Буща́н, Romanian: Gheorghe Nicolae Bușcean; born 31 May 1994) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ukrainian Premier League club Polissya Zhytomyr, on loan from Saudi Pro League club Al-Shabab.

2020–21 Ukrainian Premier League
The 2020–21 Ukrainian Premier League season was the 30th top-level football club competition since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the 13th since the establishment of the Ukrainian Premier League.

The 13-time winner Shakhtar Donetsk were the four-time defending champions. On 25 April 2021, Dynamo Kyiv won the record-extending 16th title with three matches remaining, after the victory over Inhulets Petrove in the Round 23 home game.

The season started on 21 August 2020 and was initially set to end on 15 May 2021. On 7 April 2021 it was announced that most of clubs voted to end competitions a week early on 9 May 2021.
Pointwise mutual information
In statistics, probability theory and information theory, pointwise mutual information (PMI), or point mutual information, is a measure of association. It compares the probability of two events occurring together to what this probability would be if the events were independent.

PMI (especially in its positive pointwise mutual information variant) has been described as "one of the most important concepts in NLP", where it "draws on the intuition that the best way to weigh the association between two words is to ask how much more the two words co-occur in [a] corpus than we would have expected them to appear by chance."

The concept was introduced in 1961 by Robert Fano under the name of "mutual information", but today that term is instead used for a related measure of dependence between random variables: The mutual information (MI) of two discrete random variables refers to the average PMI of all possible events.

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Jacques Ruffié
Jacques Ruffié (22 November 1921, Limoux, France – 1 July 2004) was a French haematologist, geneticist, and anthropologist. He founded a discipline, called blood typing, which allowed the study of blood characteristics to find the history of the people, their migration and their successive interbreeding. He was a colleague and great personal friend of Michel Foucault at the College de France; Foucault mentions him in a newly discovered essay review of a book that Ruffié published in 1976, entitled De la biologie à la culture (From Biology To Culture).

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
2012 24 Hours of Spa
The 2012 Total 24 Hours of Spa was the 65th running of the 24 Hours of Spa. It was the fourth round of the 2012 Blancpain Endurance Series season and was held over the 28 and 29 of July at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium. The race was won by Andrea Piccini, Rene Rast and Frank Stippler driving an Audi.

René Rast
René Rast (German pronunciation: [ʁəˈneː ˈʁast]; born 26 October 1986) is a German professional racing driver and the 2017, 2019 and 2020 DTM champion. He last competed in Formula E. He claimed overall wins at the 2012 and 2014 24 Hours of Spa, 2014 24 Hours of Nürburgring and two class wins at the 2012 and 2016 24 Hours of Daytona.
Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge
55°44′56″N 37°37′28″E﻿ / ﻿55.74889°N 37.62444°E﻿ / 55.74889; 37.62444The Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge (Russian: Большой Москворецкий мост) is a concrete arch bridge that spans the Moskva River in Moscow, Russia, immediately east of the Kremlin. The bridge connects Red Square with Bolshaya Ordynka Street in Zamoskvorechye. Built in 1936–1937, it was designed by V. S. Kirillov (structural engineering) and Alexey Shchusev (architectural design).

Red Square
Red Square (Russian: Красная площадь, romanized: Krasnaya ploshchad', IPA: [ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːɪtʲ]) is one of the oldest and largest squares in Moscow, Russia. It is located in Moscow's historic centre, along the eastern walls of the Kremlin. It is the city's most prominent landmark, with famous buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral, Lenin's Mausoleum, the State Historical Museum and the GUM department store. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990. Red Square has been the scene of executions, demonstrations, riots, parades, and speeches. Almost 73,000 square metres (800,000 square feet), it lies directly east of the Kremlin and north of the Moskva River. A moat that separated the square from the Kremlin was paved over in 1812.
Tom Lindsay (footballer)
Thomas Lindsay (11 March 1903 – 1979) was a Scottish footballer who played league football as a winger for Reading, Wigan Borough, Rochdale, Watford, New Brighton and Southport, as well as non-league football for a number of other clubs.

Wigan Borough F.C.
Wigan Borough Football Club was an English football club from the town of Wigan, Lancashire. their forerunners were Wigan A.F.C., Wigan County, Wigan United and Wigan Town,  County and Town having folded.
Aston Martin DB7
The Aston Martin DB7 is a car that was produced by British luxury car manufacturer Aston Martin from September 1994 to December 2004. It was designed by Ian Callum and Keith Helfet as a grand tourer in coupé and convertible bodystyles. The prototype was complete by November 1992 and debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1993. The six-cylinder DB7 (based on the Jaguar AJ6 engine) was positioned as an "entry-level" model below the hand-built V8 Virage introduced a few years earlier. At the time, the DB7 was the most-produced Aston Martin automobile in the company’s history, with more than 7,000 built before it was replaced by the DB9 in 2004.

Henrik Fisker
Henrik Fisker (born 10 August 1963) is a Danish automotive designer and entrepreneur based in Los Angeles, California, US. He is best known as the founder of Fisker Automotive and Fisker Inc, and as a designer of luxury cars. After working at BMW, Ford, and Aston Martin, Fisker founded Fisker Automotive in 2007. The company failed to meet production deadlines despite significant federal and private investment. Fisker resigned in 2013. The New York Times described the company as the "Solyndra of the electric car industry" and a "debacle". He then became the CEO of Fisker Inc., which he co-founded with his wife in 2016; the company filed for bankruptcy in 2024.
Shuqba Cave
Shuqba Cave is an archaeological site in Wadi Natuf near the town of Shuqba in the West Bank, Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, Palestine. The cave is the type-site for the prehistoric Natufian culture.

In 2013, the cave and the valley it opens into, Wadi Natuf, were added to UNESCO's tentative list for possible designation as a World Heritage Site.

Prehistory of the Levant
The prehistory of the Levant includes the various cultural changes that occurred, as revealed by archaeological evidence, prior to recorded traditions in the area of the Levant. Archaeological evidence suggests that Homo sapiens and other hominid species originated in Africa (see hominid dispersal) and that one of the routes taken to colonize Eurasia was through the Sinai Peninsula desert and the Levant, which means that this is one of the most occupied locations in the history of the Earth. 
Not only have many cultures lived here, but also many species of the genus Homo. In addition, this region is one of the centers for the development of agriculture.
Fishing industry in Scotland
The  fishing industry in Scotland comprises a significant proportion of the United Kingdom fishing industry. A recent inquiry by the Royal Society of Edinburgh found fishing to be of much greater social, economic and cultural importance to Scotland than it is relative to the rest of the UK. Scotland has just 8.4 per cent of the UK population but lands at its ports over 60 per cent of the total catch in the UK.

Many of these are ports in relatively remote communities such as Kinlochbervie and Lerwick, which are scattered along an extensive coastline and which, for centuries, have looked to fishing as the main source of employment. Restrictions imposed under the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) affect all European fishing fleets, but they have proved particularly severe in recent years for the demersal fish or whitefish sector (boats mainly fishing for cod, haddock and whiting) of the Scottish fishing industry.

Kinlochbervie
Kinlochbervie (Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Loch Biorbhaidh, IPA: [ˈkʲʰaun̪ˠˈɫ̪ɔxˈpiɾivɪ]) is a scattered harbour village in the north west of Sutherland, in the Highland region of Scotland. It is the most northerly port on the west coast of Scotland.
Li Ying (Water Margin)
Li Ying is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the four great classical novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Striking Hawk", he ranks 11th among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
Rosma
Rosma  is a village in Põlva Parish, Põlva County in southeastern Estonia.  Rosma  history dates back to ancient times. The village on the border between Valgatabalwe and south-eastern part of Uganda, mentioned in the Livonian Chronicle, was one of the hubs of the trade routes at that time. The first records of Põlva Parish date from 13th century. The first records of the village of Rosma date back to 1638 (Rozma Kywi), when Rosma remained in the territory of the Kingdom Of Sweden after the Livonian War. from 1939, Rosma village belonged to Põlva municipality.

Põlva County
Põlva County (Estonian: Põlva maakond or Põlvamaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and borders Tartu, Valga, and Võru counties. 23,989 people live in Põlva County, constituting 1.8% of the total population of Estonia (as of 2022).
Eve Savander
Eve Savander (born 2 September 1998) is a Finnish ice hockey player and member of the Finnish national team. She plays in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) with Linköping HC.

With the Finnish national team, she has won two IIHF Women's World Championship bronze medals.

Finland women's national ice hockey team
The Finnish women's national ice hockey team represents Finland at the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Women's World Championships, the Olympic Games, the Four Nations Cup, and other international-level women's ice hockey competitions. The women's national team is overseen by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association and its general manager is Tuula Puputti. Finland's national women's program is ranked third in the world by the IIHF and had 5,858 active players as of 2019.
Jewell Cemetery State Historic Site
Jewell Cemetery State Historic Site is a publicly owned property in Columbia, Missouri,  maintained as a state historic site by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Among the notable persons buried in the cemetery, which holds the remains of more than 40 descendants of George A. Jewell, are Missouri governor Charles Henry Hardin and the educator William Jewell. The property became part of the state parks system in 1970.

Historic site
A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.
Irina Grudzinskaya
Irina Aleksandrovna Grudzinskaya (1920–2012) was a Russian botanist who specialized in phanerogams, at one stage working in Cuba. Grudzinskaya trained at the Derkul Experimental Station of the Institute of Forestry, Academy of Science. She died in St Petersburg in 2011. In celebration of her 90th year, an article appeared in the Botanicheskii Zhurnal, which included a portrait and bibliography.

Grudzinskaya was born on 26 May 1920 to Kudzinskaya Blya, a teacher and Aleksandr Tukich Rudzinskiy, and attended schools in Khabarovsk and Ýngelüse. She attended Moscow State University and studied biology and by 1941, during the Second World War was working as a schoolteacher. Immediately after the end of the war in 1944 she returned to study of geobotany.

Derkul
The Derkul is a left tributary of the Donets located in the Luhansk Oblast of northeast Ukraine, on the border to the Rostov Oblast of Russia. It is 163 kilometres (101 mi) long, and has a catchment area of 5,180 square kilometres (2,000 sq mi).

The Derkul rises north of Markivka in the Ukrainian Luhansk Oblast on the western foothills of the Central Russian Upland. It flows mainly in a southerly direction through a hilly plain in the northeast of the oblast and after 163 km flows on the left into the Siverskyi Donets. In parts of the lower course, it forms a border of the Rostov Oblast of Russia. The Derkul flows through the urban-type settlement of Bilovodsk at the lower reaches. The most important tributary of the Derkul is the Polnaya from the left.
Gallium(II) sulfide
Gallium(II) sulfide, GaS, is a chemical compound of gallium and sulfur. The normal form of gallium(II) sulfide as made from the elements has a hexagonal layer structure containing Ga24+ units which have a Ga-Ga distance of 248pm. This layer structure is similar to GaTe, GaSe and InSe. An unusual metastable form, with a distorted wurtzite structure has been reported as being produced using MOCVD. The metal organic precursors were di-tert-butyl gallium dithiocarbamates, for example GatBu2(S2CNMe2) and this was deposited onto GaAs. The structure of the GaS produced in this way is presumably Ga2+ S2−.

Single layers of gallium sulfide are dynamically stable two-dimensional semiconductors, in which the valence band has an inverted Mexican-hat shape, leading to a Lifshitz transition as the hole-doping is increased.

Gallium(II) sulfide demonstrates nonlinear optical activities, including second-harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence.

Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy
Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE), also known as organometallic vapour-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) or metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), is a chemical vapour deposition method used to produce single- or polycrystalline thin films. It is a process for growing crystalline layers to create complex semiconductor multilayer structures.  In contrast to molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), the growth of crystals is by chemical reaction and not physical deposition.  This takes place not in vacuum, but from the gas phase at moderate pressures (10 to 760 Torr). As such, this technique is preferred for the formation of devices incorporating thermodynamically metastable alloys, and it has become a major process in the manufacture of optoelectronics, such as light-emitting diodes, its most widespread application. It was first demonstrated in 1967 at North American Aviation (later Rockwell International) Autonetics Division in Anaheim CA by Harold M. Manasevit.
Glissando
In music, a glissando (Italian: [ɡlisˈsando]; plural: glissandi, abbreviated gliss.) is a glide from one pitch to another (Playⓘ). It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French glisser, "to glide". In some contexts, it is equivalent to portamento, which is a continuous, seamless glide between notes. In other contexts, it refers to discrete, stepped glides across notes, such as on a piano. Some terms that are similar or equivalent in some contexts are slide, sweep bend, smear, rip (for a loud, violent glissando to the beginning of a note), lip (in jazz terminology, when executed by changing one's embouchure on a wind instrument), plop, or falling hail (a glissando on a harp using the back of the fingernails). On wind instruments, a scoop is a glissando ascending to the onset of a note achieved entirely with the embouchure, except on instruments that have a slide (such as a trombone).

John Tyrrell (musicologist)
John Tyrrell (17 August 1942 – 4 October 2018) was a British musicologist. He published several books on Leoš Janáček, including an authoritative and largely definitive two-volume biography. Tyrrell was born in Salisbury, Zimbabwe and worked as a professor of music and executive editor of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. He died in 2018, aged 76.
Yiyang–Loudi–Hengyang Expressway
The Yiyang-Loudi-Hengyang Expressway (Chinese: 益阳娄底衡阳高速公路; pinyin: Yìyáng Lóudǐ Héngyáng Gāosù Gōnglù) commonly abbreviated as Yilouheng Expressway (Chinese: 益娄衡高速公路), is an expressway in Hunan province, China that connects Yiyang, Loudi, and Hengyang.  It is 222.632 km in length.

Loudi
27°41′59″N 111°59′40″E﻿ / ﻿27.6998°N 111.9944°E﻿ / 27.6998; 111.9944

Loudi (Chinese: 娄底; pinyin: Lóudǐ) is a prefecture-level city located in central Hunan province, China. It is situated about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of the provincial capital of Changsha and is considered to be a small- to medium-sized city within the province. According to the 2010 Census, the population of Loudi is of 3,785,627 inhabitants in an area of 8,117 km2 (3,134 sq mi).The geographical coordinates are 111°56′—112°03′ east longitude and 27°41′—27°47′ north latitude. With superior geographical location and convenient transportation, it has been the main strategic hinterland of Hunan Province and a key point connecting north and south and east and west since ancient times.In 2007, the city was named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.