hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannis de Rijke
Johannis de Rijke (Japanese: ヨハニス・デ・レーケ, Hepburn: Yohanisu de Rēke; 5 December 1842 – 20 January 1913) was a Dutch civil engineer and a foreign advisor to the Japanese government in Meiji period Japan. He made significant contributions in the enhancement of Japan's river systems and the development of its port facilities, which were vital in the industrialisation and infrastructure advancement of the nation during the Meiji era.

Arriving in Japan in 1873, he was instrumental in the amelioration of the Yodo River in Osaka and the Kiso River in Nagoya. He played an integral role in the development of the Yokohama and Kobe ports, turning them into significant hubs of international trade.

De Rijke's efforts were instrumental in substantially mitigating flood risks, enhancing navigational capabilities, and boosting trade and transportation, thereby accelerating Japan's modernisation.

Nagara River
The Nagara River (長良川, Nagara-gawa) has its source in the city of Gujō, Gifu Prefecture, and its mouth in the city of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Along with the Kiso River and Ibi River, the Nagara River is one of the Kiso Three Rivers of the Nōbi Plain. Previously, the river was named Sunomata River (墨俣川 Sunomata-gawa). With a length of 166 km (103 mi), it drains an area of 1,985 square kilometres (766 mi2) in the Chūbu region and empties into Ise Bay. The government of Japan classifies it as a Class 1 river.
Blood and Wine
Blood and Wine is a 1997 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Bob Rafelson and starring Jack Nicholson, Stephen Dorff, Jennifer Lopez, Judy Davis, and Michael Caine. The screenplay was written by Nick Villiers and Alison Cross. Rafelson has stated that the film forms the final part of his unofficial trilogy with Nicholson, with whom he made Five Easy Pieces and The King of Marvin Gardens in the 1970s.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
Chaygaon
Chaygaon is a town in the Kamrup district of Assam, India; situated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra River. It is 38 km from the major town of Guwahati. Chhaygaon has a developing commercial and infrastructure profile, hosting branches of major banks such as State Bank of India (Gumi Branch), Canara Bank – SME Branch, Bank of Baroda (Dhekenabari Branch), Bandhan Bank, Indian Bank, and Slice Small Finance Bank along with multiple ATMs and financial service centres. A flyover on National Highway 17 improves connectivity along the Guwahati–Goalpara corridor, easing regional transportation. The town also includes a Flipkart Warehouse (FCMH, Chhaygaon), reflecting the expansion of e-commerce logistics and employment opportunities in the area. Educational institutions include Jatiya Vidyalaya Chhaygaon, a prominent local school, alongside other schools and Chhaygaon College. Additionally, Chhaygaon features several retail and fashion outlets including Fashion City and Reliance Trends.

Flipkart
Flipkart Inc. is an Indian e-commerce company, headquartered in Bengaluru, and incorporated in Singapore as a private limited company. The company initially focused on online book sales before expanding into other product categories such as consumer electronics, fashion, home essentials, groceries, and lifestyle products. In 2025, the company shifted domicile from Singapore to India.

The service competes primarily with Amazon India and domestic rival Snapdeal. As of FY23, Flipkart held a 48% market share in the Indian e-commerce industry. Flipkart has a dominant position in the apparel segment, bolstered by its acquisition of Myntra, and was described as being "neck and neck" with Amazon in the sale of electronics and mobile phones.
Diego de Losada
Diego de Losada y Cabeza de Vaca (1511 – 1569) was a Spanish conquistador and the founder of Caracas, the current capital of Venezuela.

Losada was born in Rionegro del Puente, in what is now the province of Zamora. He reached Puerto Rico in 1533.

Losada founded Caracas in 1567 after defeating Tamanaco, the Mariche chief. He died two years later, at  Borburata.

Province of Zamora
The Province of Zamora (Spanish: Provincia de Zamora, Spanish pronunciation: [θaˈmoɾa]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Ourense, León, Valladolid, and Salamanca, and by Portugal.

The present-day province of Zamora was one of three provinces formed from the former Kingdom of León in 1833, when Spain was reorganized into 49 provinces. Of the 166,253 people in the province, nearly a third live in the capital, Zamora. The province has 248 municipalities.
Guinier
Guinier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Guinier (1911–2000), French physicist

Henri Guinier (1867–1927), French portrait and landscape painter

Lani Guinier (1950–2022), American civil rights theorist

Philibert Guinier (1876–1962), French botanist

André Guinier
André Guinier (1 August, 1911 – 3 July, 2000) was a French physicist and crystallographer who did pioneering work in the field of X-ray diffraction and solid-state physics. He was credited for the discovery and developments of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) into an indispensable tool for materials science and crystallography.
Catch Me If You Can (soundtrack)
Catch Me If You Can: Music from the Motion Picture is the original soundtrack of the 2002 film of the same name, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hanks, Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen and Amy Adams. The original score was composed and conducted by John Williams and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony.  The film was the twentieth collaboration between Williams and director Steven Spielberg.

The album was also produced by John Williams. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.

Academy Award for Best Original Score
The Academy Award for Best Original Score is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to the best substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring written specifically for the film by the submitting composer. Some pre-existing music is allowed, though, but a contending film must include a minimum of original music. This minimum since 2021 is established as 35% of the music, which is raised to 80% for sequels and franchise films. Fifteen scores are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Raymond Neenan
Raymond Neenan (born 7 September 1952) is a British judoka.  He competed in the men's half-lightweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He became a two times champion of Great Britain, winning the featherweight category at the British Judo Championships in 1975 and 1976.

British Judo Championships
The British Judo Championships are held annually and feature various age and weight categories to determine the British champion. The Championships are currently held at the English Institute of Sport, Sheffield.

Until 2013, the Championships were held under the title of either the British Closed Championships or the British Senior Trials. In 2013, the British Closed Championships/Senior Trials were merged with the all-age British Championships. The 2020 Championship was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wiślica County
Wiślica County (Polish: Powiat wiślicki) was an administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Poland and later Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It is unknown when it was established, probably some time in the 15th century, based on a medieval castellany. It was located in the central part of the Sandomierz Voivodeship, with the capital in the historic town of Wiślica. The county ceased to exist in 1795, when after the Third Partition of Poland, it was annexed by Austrian Empire.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the area of Wislica County was 2,429 km2, with thirteen towns. Major administrative center of the county was Wislica, whose population in late 16th century was 2,000. Szydlow, the second largest town, had a population of 1,500, while Pinczow and Nowy Korczyn, had a population of 1,200. Other main towns were Opatowiec Busko, Pacanow and Stopnica.

Pińczów
Pińczów pronounced [ˈpʲiɲt͡ʂuf] is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) south of Kielce. It is the capital of Pińczów County. The population is 10,946 (2018). Pińczów belongs to the historical region of Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska) and lies in the valley of the river Nida.
7th Canadian Ministry
The Seventh Canadian Ministry was the cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Sir Charles Tupper.  It governed Canada from 1 May to 8 July 1896.  It was formed after the 7th Canadian Parliament was dissolved, and lost the 8th Canadian federal election, so it never faced a parliament.  The government was formed by the old Conservative Party of Canada.

Arthur Rupert Dickey
Arthur Rupert Dickey, PC (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.

He died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July 3, 1900.
Patricia Wasley
Patricia Wasley, EdD, is the Chief Executive Officer at Teaching Channel and is responsible for setting the educational direction of the website. Prior to joining Teaching Channel, Dr. Wasley was dean of the College of Education at the University of Washington from 2000 to 2012. Wasley has conducted a variety of research on student voice, teacher education and whole-school reform. She is the author of several books on school reform, including Teachers Who Lead and Stirring the Chalkdust, and is the co-author of Kids and School Reform.

University of Washington College of Education
The University of Washington College of Education is the school of education of the University of Washington. The College of Education offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees.

Led by Dean Mia Tuan, the mission of the UW College of Education is to transform inequitable systems of education to create just, sustainable and culturally-thriving democracies by engaging in dynamic, collaborative partnerships, practices and research.
Magnitka Temirtau
Magnitka Temirtau was an ice hockey team in Temirtau, Kazakhstan. They participated in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship during the 1999–2000 season. Magnitka finished in seventh place in the first round.

1999–2000 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship
The 1999–2000 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship was the eighth season of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, the top level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan. Nine teams participated, with Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk winning the championship.
History of the United States Coast Guard
The history of the United States Coast Guard goes back to the United States Revenue Cutter Service, which was founded on 4 August 1790 as part of the Department of the Treasury. The Revenue Cutter Service and the United States Life-Saving Service were merged to become the Coast Guard per 14 U.S.C. § 101 which states: "The Coast Guard as established January 28, 1915, shall be a military service and a branch of the armed forces of the United States at all times." In 1939 the United States Lighthouse Service was merged into the Coast Guard. The Coast Guard itself was moved to the Department of Transportation in 1967, and on 1 March 2003 it became part of the Department of Homeland Security. However, under 14 U.S.C. § 3 as amended by section 211 of the Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2006, upon the declaration of war and when Congress so directs in the declaration, or when the president directs, the Coast Guard operates as a service in the Department of the Navy.

Lifesaving Medal
The Gold Lifesaving Medal and Silver Lifesaving Medal are U.S. decorations issued by the United States Coast Guard. The awards were established by Act of Congress, 20 June 1874; later authorized by 14 U.S.C. § 500. These decorations are two of the oldest medals in the United States and were originally established at the Department of Treasury as Lifesaving Medals First and Second Class. The Department of the Treasury initially gave the award, but today the United States Coast Guard awards it through the Department of Homeland Security. They are not classified as military decorations, and may be awarded to any person.
Dushnik–Miller theorem
In mathematics, the Dushnik–Miller theorem is a result in order theory stating that every countably infinite linear order has a non-identity order embedding into itself. It is named for Ben Dushnik and E. W. Miller, who proved this result in a paper of 1940; in the same paper, they showed that the statement does not always hold for uncountable linear orders, using the axiom of choice to build a suborder of the real line of cardinality continuum with no non-identity order embeddings into itself.

In reverse mathematics, the Dushnik–Miller theorem for countable linear orders has the same strength as the arithmetical comprehension axiom (ACA0), one of the "big five" subsystems of second-order arithmetic. This result is closely related to the fact that (as Louise Hay and Joseph Rosenstein proved) there exist computable linear orders with no computable non-identity self-embedding.

Computable set
In computability theory, a set of natural numbers is computable (or decidable or recursive) if there is an algorithm that computes the membership of every natural number in a finite number of steps. A set is noncomputable (or undecidable) if it is not computable.
Ömnödelger, Khentii
Ömnödelger (Mongolian: Өмнөдэлгэр, Front wide) is a sum (district) of Khentii Province in north-eastern Mongolia. The former location of the sum's center is at  47 53 N 109 55 E. The town of Gurvanbayan is 52 km northeast of the sum center's current location. In 2010, its population was 5,156.

Districts of Mongolia
A district or sum (/sʊm/; Mongolian: сум ᠰᠤᠮᠤ) is a second-level administrative subdivision of Mongolia. The 21 provinces of Mongolia are divided into 330 sums.

On average, each district administers a territory of 4,200 km2 (1,600 sq mi) with about 5,000 inhabitants, primarily nomadic herders. Its total revenue is 120 million Tögrög, 90% of which comes from national subsidies.

Each district is again subdivided into bags (brigades; sometimes spelled baghs). Most bags are of an entirely virtual nature. Their purpose is to sort the families of nomads in the district into groups, without a permanent human settlement.

Officially, and occasionally on maps, many district seats (sum centers) bear a name different from that of the district. However, in practice the district seat (sum center) is most often referred to under the name of the district, to the point of the official name of the district seat (sum center) being unknown even to the locals.
Gaspar Corte-Real
Gaspar Corte-Real (1450– disappeared 1501) was a Portuguese explorer who, alongside his father João Vaz Corte-Real and brother Miguel, participated in various exploratory voyages sponsored by the Portuguese Crown. These voyages are said to have been some of the first to reach Newfoundland and possibly other parts of eastern Canada.

Memorial University of Newfoundland
Memorial University of Newfoundland, or MUN (/mʌn/), is a public research university in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, based in St. John's, with satellite campuses in Corner Brook, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, and Harlow, England.  Memorial University offers certificate, diploma, undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate programs, as well as online courses and degrees.

Founded in September 1925 as a memorial to Newfoundlanders and Labradorians who died in the First World War, Memorial is the largest university in Atlantic Canada; it is also Newfoundland and Labrador's only university. As of 2018, there were 1,330 faculty and 2,474 staff, supporting 18,000 students from nearly 100 countries.
Ambalindum
23°23′01″S 134°41′03″E﻿ / ﻿23.38361°S 134.68417°E﻿ / -23.38361; 134.68417﻿ (Ambalindum)
Ambalindum is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Alice Springs region of the Northern Territory.

The property occupies an area of 3,317 square kilometres (1,281 sq mi) and in 2013 was stocked with 5,000 Santa Gertrudis-cross-cattle. The ephemeral Hale River runs through the property.

Gold was discovered in the area in 1887 with the first cattle and sheep stations settled in the early 1900s. Ambalindum was initially settled by George Cavanagh.

In 2017 the owners, Tim and Emily Edmunds, sold their Hale River Pastoral Company including the Ambalindum and Numery leases to a Canadian Pension Fund for over A$50 million. The combined properties occupy a combined area of 7,500 square kilometres (2,896 sq mi) and were stocked with 13,000 head of cattle.

Santa Gertrudis cattle
The Santa Gertrudis is an American breed of beef cattle. It is a taurine-indicine hybrid breed, descended from both zebu and European cattle. It was bred in the early twentieth century in Texas, and received official recognition in 1940. It has been exported to many countries including Australia, Brazil and South Africa, and has contributed to the development of a number of modern breeds, among them the Barzona: 290  and the Droughtmaster.: 171 : 721
Mushtaq Ahmad Mushtaq
Mushtaq Ahmad Tantray (born 8 August 1961) is an Indian writer, broadcaster and journalist. Currently serving as deputy director of Radio Kashmir Srinagar for news department, he previously worked as a newsreader at Radio Kashmir, Srinagar and DD Kashir.

DD Kashir
DD Kashir is a regional subsidiary television station  of Doordarshan in Jammu and Kashmir which is owned by Broadcasting Ministry of India centrally focusing on tradition of Kashmiri culture and heritage, telecasting from Doordarshan Kendra Srinagar, Jammu, Leh.

Doordarshan launched the channel to counter extremist Pakistani propaganda in the Kashmir valley. DD Kashir includes programmes focusing on Kashmiri culture and traditions and the history of Kashmir valley. One programme on Kashmir featured was Budhshah, which told the life of the historical Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin. It has in association with All India Radio established high power transmitters along the India-Pakistan border to counter Pakistani propaganda.
 Recently DD Kashir channel shifted to Freedish DTH Channel Number 85. So it can be received without any subscription at LCN 085.
Sarah Palin's Alaska
Sarah Palin's Alaska is an American reality television show hosted by former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin. According to Palin, the show's aim is to bring "the wonder and majesty of Alaska to all Americans." The series, which began airing on TLC in November 2010, broadcast 8 episodes and 1 clip show. The show was part travelogue and part documentary series, according to a story in The Vancouver Sun. The show was cancelled after one season.

The show was produced by Mark Burnett Productions for Discovery Communications.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
University of Urbino
The University of Urbino Carlo Bo (Italian: Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, UniUrb) is an Italian university located in Urbino, in the region of Marche, in north-eastern central Italy. The main campus occupies numerous buildings throughout the historic Urbino town center and the nearby countryside, with a branch campus in Fano. The university's enrollment in 2019 was 11,646 undergraduate students and 2,230 graduate students, with 858 full-time or part-time instructional and research faculty across various departments.

The University of Urbino is renowned for teaching and research in sports science, humanities, biology and computer science. Until 2006 it was a free university.

Free university
A free university is an organization offering uncredited, public classes without restrictions to who can teach or learn. They differ in structure. In 1980 in the United States, about half were associated with a traditional university, about a third were independent, and the remainder were associated with a community group. About half at that time operated without fees. Starting with University of California, Berkeley's Free Speech Movement in 1964, hundreds of free universities sprouted within university communities throughout the 1960s as organizations for underground activism and political education. They were also known as experimental colleges, open education exchanges, and communiversities. After 1960s student activism subsided, free universities moved their programming off-campus and continued to exist as a venue for lifelong learning. After a slight lull in the early 1970s, enrollment increased mid-decade as part of an adult education wave.
Karadeniz Technical University
Karadeniz Technical University (Turkish: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi or KTÜ) is a public research university located in Trabzon, in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Established in 1955, it is the fourth oldest university in the country. As a public institution, it operates under the Law No. 2547 on Higher Education in Turkey and is primarily funded through allocations from the Turkish Parliament.

The university comprises 12 faculties, 80 departments, and 6 graduate schools. With a teaching staff of 2,159 and a student body of 31,858, Karadeniz Technical University is among the largest universities in Turkey.

Black Sea region
The Black Sea region (Turkish: Karadeniz Bölgesi) (sometimes referred to as Pontus or Pontos) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Samsun. Other big cities are Zonguldak, Trabzon, Ordu, Tokat, Giresun, Rize, Amasya and Sinop.

It is bordered by the Marmara Region to the west, the Central Anatolia Region to the south, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the southeast, the Republic of Georgia to the northeast, and the Black Sea to the north.