hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eva Gordon-Simpson
Evelin (Eva) Gordon-Simpson (née Brewer; 1901–1980) was a British racing driver. She was born on 30th July, 1901 in Garstang, Lancashire, and died on 23rd June, 1980 in Paddington, London.

In 1932, Gordon-Simpson drove in the Monte Carlo Rally in a Singer, finishing 24th overall and 2nd to Alexandra Lindh among the women entrants.

She competed in the 1935 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race as part of a team of women known as "Eyston's Dancing Daughters". The six women drove three MG P-types. Striving for reliability rather than position, all three cars successfully completed the race and were the focus of much attention. Gordon-Simpson and her co-driver of car #56, Australian Joan Richmond, finished 24th overall and first among the three MGs.

In 1937, Gordon-Simpson married engineer and Bugatti enthusiast Hugh Graham (H.G.) Conway, who would go on to help design the Concorde.

Monte Carlo Rally
The Monte Carlo Rally or Rallye Monte-Carlo (officially Rallye Automobile Monte-Carlo) is a rallying event organized each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco.

From its inception in 1911 by Prince Albert I, the rally was intended to demonstrate improvements and innovations in automobiles, and promote Monaco as a tourist resort on the Mediterranean shore. Before the format changed in 1997, the event was a “concentration rally” in which competitors would set off from various starting points around Europe and drive to Monaco, where the rally would continue to a set of special stages.

The rally now takes place along the hills of the French Riviera and southeast France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes). In 2026, for the first time since the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally, the event returned to within the borders of Monaco for a Super Special Stage.
John Johnston (courtier)
Lieutenant Colonel Sir John Frederick Dame Johnston, GCVO, MC (24 August 1922 – 10 September 2006) was a British Army officer and courtier. He joined the Royal Household in 1964, serving as Assistant Comptroller and then Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office. Sometimes known as "Stopwatch Johnny", he was one of the Queen's most popular courtiers. His duties included co-ordinating the weddings of Charles, Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer at St Paul's Cathedral in 1981 and of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey in 1986, and the funeral of the Duchess of Windsor at St George's Chapel, Windsor, also in 1986.

King's Bargemaster
The King's Bargemaster is a subordinate officer of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom.  Until the mid-19th century, the Royal Family frequently used a royal barge for transport along the River Thames. The role of the King's Bargemaster was to oversee this. The tradition of the Bargemaster dates back to 1215, with the signing of Magna Carta at Runnymede. The role is now largely ceremonial.

The Bargemaster is responsible for the Royal Watermen, chosen from the ranks of the Thames Watermen who operate tugs and launches on the river.  There are 24 Royal Watermen, each of whom receives an annual salary of £3.50.
Blue Boat
The Blue Boat is the highest level boat representing the University of Oxford or the University of Cambridge in the universities' annual rowing races on the River Thames, The Boat Race and Women's Boat Race.  As of 2016, the women's first VIII (also referred to as a Blue Boat) race also takes places on the River Thames, along with their male counterparts.
The men's and women's Lightweight races moved to the Thames in 2019 and 2020 respectively.

"Blue" refers to the oarsmen and women in these first boats each earning their University Sporting Blue, an honour bestowed on sportsmen and women of each university who compete at the highest level in certain sports in Oxford/Cambridge competitions.  Oxford is commonly referred to as the "Dark Blues" and Cambridge as the "Light Blues".

Blue (university sport)
A blue is an award of sporting colours earned by athletes at some universities and schools for competition at the highest level. The awarding of blues began at Oxford and Cambridge universities in England. They are now awarded at a number of other British universities and at some universities in Australia and New Zealand.
Sine and cosine transforms
In mathematics, the Fourier sine and cosine transforms are integral equations that decompose arbitrary functions into a sum of sine waves representing the odd component of the function plus cosine waves representing the even component of the function. The modern, complex-valued Fourier transform concisely contains both the sine and cosine transforms. Since the sine and cosine transforms use sine and cosine waves instead of complex exponentials and don't require complex numbers or negative frequency, they more closely correspond to Joseph Fourier's original transform equations and are still preferred in some signal processing and statistics applications and may be better suited as an introduction to Fourier analysis.

Joseph Fourier
Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (/ˈfʊrieɪ, -iər/; French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʒozɛf fuʁje]; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre, Burgundy and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier analysis and harmonic analysis, and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations. The Fourier transform and Fourier's law of conduction are also named in his honour. Fourier is also generally credited with the discovery of the greenhouse effect.
Shut Heath Wood
Shut Heath Wood is a 20.2-hectare (50-acre) nature reserve  Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.

Over half this site is managed as farmland, and the rest is ancient oak woodland also has coppiced sweet chestnut and hornbeam, with an understorey of ash, elder and hazel. Invertebrates include damselflies, dragonflies, glow-worms and wood ants. Common blooms found on the reserve in the summer include bluebells, bugles, cuckoo flowers, wood anemones, primroses, dog violets, and wood sorrels.

There is access by a footpath from Tiptree Road.

Campanula rotundifolia
Campanula rotundifolia, the harebell or common harebell, Scottish bluebell, or bluebell in Scotland, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. This herbaceous perennial is found throughout the north temperate regions of the Old World according to the Plants of the World Online database, or throughout the northern hemisphere in other interpretations (see Taxonomy, below). In Scotland, it is often known simply as bluebell. It is the floral emblem of Sweden where it is known as small bluebell. It produces its violet-blue, bell-shaped flowers in late summer and autumn.

The Latin specific epithet rotundifolia means "round leaved". This refers to the basal leaves; not all leaves are round in shape, with middle and upper stem leaves being linear.: 707
Bidwill (surname)
Bidwill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur J. Bidwill (1903–1985), American politician

Bill Bidwill (1931–2019), American businessman and sports franchise owner

Charles Bidwill (1895–1947), American businessman, father of Bill Bidwill

John Carne Bidwill (1815–1853), English botanist active in Australia and New Zealand

Michael Bidwill (born 1964), American football executive, son of Bill Bidwill

Violet Bidwill or Violet Bidwill Wolfner (1900–1962), American football owner, wife of Charles Bidwell

Bill Bidwill
William Vogel Bidwill (July 31, 1931 – October 2, 2019) was an American businessman and the owner of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He had co-owned the team from 1962 for ten seasons with his brother  Charles Jr. and had been sole owner from 1972 until his death in 2019.

The team has been owned by the Bidwill family since 1932. Bill’s father, Charles Sr., purchased the then-Chicago Cardinals for $50K (the equivalent of ~$918K in 2018).
Einstein-aether theory
In physics the Einstein-aether theory, also called aetheory, is the name coined in 2004 for a modification of general relativity that has a preferred reference frame and hence violates Lorentz invariance. These  generally covariant theories describes a spacetime endowed with both a metric and a unit timelike vector field named the aether. The aether in this theory is "a Lorentz-violating vector field" unrelated to older luminiferous aether theories; the "Einstein" in the theory's name comes from its use of Einstein's general relativity equation.

Lorentz scalar
In a relativistic theory of physics, a Lorentz scalar is a scalar expression whose value is invariant under any Lorentz transformation. A Lorentz scalar may be generated from, for example, the scalar product of vectors, or by contracting a tensor. While the components of the contracted quantities may change under Lorentz transformations, the Lorentz scalars remain unchanged.

A simple Lorentz scalar in Minkowski spacetime is the spacetime distance ("length" of their difference) of two fixed events in spacetime. While the "position"-4-vectors of the events change between different inertial frames, their spacetime distance remains invariant under the corresponding Lorentz transformation. Other examples of Lorentz scalars are the "length" of a 4-velocity (see below), or the Ricci curvature at a point in spacetime in general relativity, which is a contraction of the Riemann curvature tensor.
Sree Veda Vyasa Temple
Sree Veda Vyasa Temple is one of the major temples in India. It has Sree Veda Vyasa, the creator of the ancient epic Mahabharata, as the main deity (god of worship) and Sree Hanuman, the devotee of Sree Rama.

The temple is located in Neerattupuram near Chakkulathukavu Sree Bhagavathi Temple in Alappuzha District, Kerala, on the bank of the River Pampa.

Pamba River
The Pamba River (also called Pampa River) is the third longest river in the Indian state of Kerala, after Periyar and Bharathappuzha, and the longest river in the erstwhile former princely state of Travancore.  The Sabarimala Temple, dedicated to Lord Ayyappa, is located on the banks of the river Pamba.

The River Pamba enriches the lands of Pathanamthitta district and the Kuttanad area of Alappuzha district and  Kottayam
Kokkonen
Kokkonen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akseli Kokkonen (born 1984), Norwegian ski jumper

Ere Kokkonen (1938–2008), Finnish film director

Joonas Kokkonen (1921–1996), Finnish composer

Kiti Kokkonen (born 1974), Finnish actress and author

Lauri Kokkonen (1918–1985), Finnish author and playwright

Marketta Kokkonen (born 1946), Finnish city manager

Mikko Kokkonen (born 2001), Finnish ice hockey player

Pentti Kokkonen (born 1955), Finnish ski jumper

Sonja Kokkonen (born 1996), Finnish rhythmic gymnast

Taina Kokkonen (born 1975), Finnish singer

Terhi Kokkonen (born 1974), Finnish musician

Veli-Pekka Kokkonen (born 1966), Finnish high jumper

Lauri Kokkonen
Lauri Hermanni Kokkonen (August 9, 1918 in Pielavesi – October 6, 1985 in Oulu) was a Finnish author and playwright. He is famous as the writer of the plays Viimeiset kiusaukset (The Last Temptations, 1960) and Ruskie neitsyt (The Red Maiden, 1969). He later wrote the libretto, based on his own play, to the opera version of The Last Temptations by Joonas Kokkonen.
Otto Unverdorben
Otto Unverdorben (13 October 1806 – 28 November 1873) was a German chemist and merchant who was born in Dahme/Mark. After completing his schooling in Dresden, he studied chemistry at Halle, Leipzig and Berlin.

In 1826 at the age of 20, Unverdorben discovered aniline, which he obtained from the distillation of natural vegetable indigo. He called his discovery Crystallin. Aniline is important in the manufacture of dyes, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. In 1829 he returned to his hometown of Dahme/Mark and became successful in the cigar industry.

Today the Otto-Unverdorben Dahme-Oberschule is named in his honor.

Indigo dye
Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Indigo is a natural dye obtained from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were once common throughout the world. Blue colorants are relatively rare.  Since indigo is insoluble, it is also referred to as a pigment (C.I. Pigment Blue 66, C.I.).

Most indigo dye produced today is synthetic, constituting  around 80,000 tonnes each year, as of 2023. It is most commonly associated with the production of denim cloth and blue jeans, where its properties allow for effects such as stone washing and acid washing to be applied quickly.
Tongaland cannibal snail
The Tongaland cannibal snail, scientific name Natalina wesseliana, is a species of medium-sized predatory air-breathing land snail, carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae.

This species is endemic to South Africa and is named after the natural region of Tongaland. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute
Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (Amii) is a machine learning institute in Edmonton, Alberta. Amii was established in 2002 to drive innovation in the artificial intelligence space and partner with companies to adopt and grow the technology. Since their inception, Amii have worked with more than 300 companies to translate knowledge, talent and technology into industry and secured $600M+ in venture financing, including $450M raised by Canadian-based companies. As of 2023, Amii funds the research of more than 30 research fellows, 36 Canada CIFAR AI chairs, recently invested $30 million in the University of Alberta to recruit 20 new global AI researchers, and worked with over 100 companies to accelerate AI product development.

Along with Montreal's  Mila and Toronto's  Vector Institute, Amii is a member of the Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy.

Regulation of artificial intelligence
Regulation of artificial intelligence is the development of public sector policies and laws for promoting and regulating artificial intelligence (AI). The regulatory and policy landscape for AI is an emerging issue in jurisdictions worldwide, including for international organizations without direct enforcement power like the IEEE or the OECD.

Since 2016, numerous AI ethics guidelines have been published in order to maintain social control over the technology. Furthermore, organizations deploying AI have a central role to play in creating and implementing trustworthy AI, adhering to established principles, and taking accountability for mitigating risks. The European Union adopted in 2024 a common legal framework for AI with the AI Act.
Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort
Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort (1629 – 21 January 1700) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1654 and 1667, when he succeeded his father as 3rd Marquess of Worcester. He was styled Lord Herbert from 1644 until 3 April 1667. The Dukedom of Beaufort was bestowed upon him by King Charles II in 1682.

Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it. While the matter of James's exclusion was not decided in Parliament during Charles's reign, it would come to a head only three years after James took the throne, when he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Finally, the Act of Settlement 1701 decided definitively that Roman Catholics were to be excluded from the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, later the British throne.
Pabst Mansion
The Pabst Mansion is a grand Flemish Renaissance Revival-styled house built in 1892 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, for Captain Frederick Pabst (1836–1904), founder of the Pabst Brewing Company. In 1975 it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is now a historic house museum, offering tours to the public.

Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philosophical concept that became popular in the twentieth century, which maintains that cities as products of centuries' development should be obligated to protect their patrimonial legacy. The term refers specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness.
TV/EP
TV/EP is an EP by Less Than Jake. Apart from re-masters of their earlier albums, this EP is the second Less Than Jake release to be distributed by their own label, Sleep It Off Records, following 2008's full-length album GNV FLA. The recording consists of covers of TV theme songs and product jingles.

The album was released as a CD and digital download on October 12, 2010. A few weeks prior to the release date, a video of the band's version of the Animaniacs theme song was released on their official website as a teaser to EP. Each song is tracklisted on the album, not by the title of the actual song being covered, but by a succession of tracks titled "Channel 1", "Channel 2", etc. "Channel 4" contains a reference to the song "Weinershnitzel" by the Descendents.

Descendents
The Descendents are an American punk rock band formed in Manhattan Beach, California, in 1977, by guitarist Frank Navetta, bassist Tony Lombardo and drummer Bill Stevenson as a power pop/surf punk band. In 1979, they enlisted Stevenson's school friend Milo Aukerman as a singer, and reappeared as a melodic hardcore punk band, becoming a major player in the hardcore scene developing in Los Angeles at the time. They have released eight studio albums, three live albums, three compilation albums, and four EPs. Since 1986, the band's lineup has consisted of Aukerman, Stevenson, guitarist Stephen Egerton, and bassist Karl Alvarez.
Houshang Mashian
Houshang (Yaakov, Yaacov) Mashian (Persian: هوشنگ (یاکوف) مشیان; born 17 December 1938) is an Iranian-Israeli chess master.

Mashian won Iranian Chess Championship in 1958 and represented Iran in Chess Olympiads: at Munich 1958, Tel Aviv 1964 and Siegen 1970. He took 14th at Reggio Emilia 1970/71, an event won by Bruno Parma. Mashian emigrated to Israel in the middle of the 1970s.

In the Israeli Chess Championship at Tel Aviv 1980, he lost to Yedael Stepak after 24 hours and 30 minutes, consisting of 193 moves, in the world's longest decisive chess game as well as the world's longest in time.

Iranian Chess Championship
The Iranian Chess Championship is the yearly national chess championship of Iran. Below is the gallery of champions, notice the gap between 1980 and 1990 (1359 and 1369 according to the Iranian calendar), when chess was forbidden in Iran. There is also a gap between 1978 and 1980 (1356 and 1358) because of the Iran Revolution.
Karl von Bruhn
Johann Karl Balduin von Bruhn (16 March 1803, Herzhorn – 9 August 1877, Altona) was a German journalist and revolutionary.  Due to his philosophical beliefs, Bruhn joined the League of Outlaws and the League of the Just.  When the League of the Just dissolved into the Communist League, Bruhn joined the Communist League.  However, in 1850, Bruhn was expelled from the Communist League.  Later from 1861-1866, Bruhn was the editor of the Lassallean newspaper Nordstern in Hamburg, Germany.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Marija Makarovič
Marija Makarovič, née Jagodic, (born 15 August 1930) is a Slovene ethnologist.

Makarovič was born in Ljubljana in 1930. After graduating from the University of Ljubljana in 1953 she worked as a curator at the Slovene Ethnographic Museum from 1953 until 1989. From 1993 to 1997 she led the Urban Jarnik Slovene Ethnographic Institute in Klagenfurt. In 2001 she was one of the co-founders of Centre for Biographic Research in Ljubljana together with Prof. Dr. Mojca Ramšak.

She collaborated with many ethnologist including Neli Niklsbacher Bregar.

In 1979 she won the Levstik Award for her book Kmečka abeceda and Kmečko gospodarstvo na Slovenskem (The Farmer's Alphabet and Farm Management in Slovenia).

In 2014 she won the Deklica s Piščalko Award, which is awarded by county Kočevje for professionalism in the fields of art, culture, and humanitarian sciences.

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Market overt
Market overt or marché ouvert (Law French for "open market") is an English legal concept originating in medieval times governing subsequent ownership of stolen goods. The rule was abolished in England and Wales in 1994 but it is still good law in some common law jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong and British Columbia.

In general, the sale of stolen goods does not convey effective title (see Nemo dat quod non habet). However, under marché ouvert, if goods were openly sold in designated markets between sunrise and sunset, provenance could not be questioned, and effective title of ownership was obtained. The concept originated centuries ago when people did not travel much; if the victim of a theft did not bother to look in his local market on market day—the only place where the goods were likely to be—he was not being suitably diligent.

Columbia Law Review
The Columbia Law Review is a law review edited and published by students at Columbia Law School. The journal publishes scholarly articles, essays, and student notes.

It was established in 1901 by Joseph E. Corrigan, who served as the review's first editor-in-chief, and John M. Woolsey, who served as its first secretary. The Columbia Law Review is one of four law reviews that publishes the Bluebook.
Butyriboletus cepaeodoratus
Butyriboletus cepaeodoratus is a pored mushroom  in the family Boletaceae. An Asian species, it was originally described in 2013 as a species of Boletus, but transferred to the newly created genus Butyriboletus the following year.

Bolete
A bolete is a type of mushroom, or fungal fruiting body. It can be identified thanks to a unique cap. On the underside of the cap there is usually a spongy surface with pores, instead of the gills typical of mushrooms. A similar pore surface is found in polypores, but these species generally have a different physical structure from boletes, and have different microscopic characteristics than boletes. Many polypores have much firmer, often woody, flesh.

"Bolete" is the English common name for fungus species with caps that have this appearance.

Some, but not all boletes bruise blue.