hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Ross (Canadian politician)
Alexander McLagan Ross (April 20, 1829 – March 31, 1901) was a Canadian banker and politician, who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for Huron West from 1875 to 1890 as a Liberal member. He was provincial treasurer from 1883 to 1890.

He was born in Dundee, Scotland, the son of Colin Ross and Elizabeth McLagan, and came to Upper Canada with his family in 1834. He served as a clerk in the Bank of Upper Canada and was manager for the Royal Canadian Bank and then the Canadian Bank of Commerce at Goderich. In 1852, he married Agnes Kydd. In 1858, he was named treasurer for the united counties of Huron and Bruce. He continued to serve as treasurer for Huron from 1866 to 1883 after the two counties were split. Ross also served as Commissioner of Agriculture for the province from 1883 to 1888. In 1890, he was named county clerk for York County. He was a lieutenant-colonel in the local militia and served during the Fenian raids.

Huron West
Huron West was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1917. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created from parts of Huron Centre, Huron North and Huron South ridings.

The West Riding of the county of Huron was initially defined to consist of the 
townships of East Wawanosh, West Wawanosh, Ashfield, Colborne and Goderich, and the towns of Goderich and Clinton.

In 1903, it was redefined to include the township of Hullett, and exclude the township of East Wawanosh.

The electoral district was abolished in 1914 when it was redistributed between Huron North and Huron South ridings.
2020 SWAC men's basketball tournament
The 2020 SWAC men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southwestern Athletic Conference during the 2019–20 season. Tournament first-round games were played at the campus of the higher seeded team on March 10. The remainder of the tournament was to be held on March 13 and 14, 2020 at Bartow Arena in Birmingham, Alabama. The tournament champion would have received the SWAC's automatic bid to the 2020 NCAA tournament. On March 12, the remainder of the SWAC Tournament, along with all other NCAA postseason tournaments, was cancelled amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bartow Arena
Bartow Arena is an 8,508-seat multi-purpose arena in Birmingham, in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is home to the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Blazers men's and women's basketball teams as well as the women's volleyball team.  The arena is named after Gene Bartow, the coach who built the school's men's basketball program from scratch over the last quarter of the 20th century.  UAB initially played their games at the Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex Arena, now known as Legacy Arena, but moved its games to the on-campus facility beginning with the 1988–89 season.
Emiel J.M. Hensen
Emiel Jan Maria Hensen is a Dutch chemist and professor of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis at Eindhoven University of Technology. Hensen's research has focused on developing novel heterogeneous catalysts, kinetics and mechanism, and energy conversion. He leads a team of over 50 researchers working to improve "clean and sustainable chemical conversion processes for the production of fuels and chemicals."

Eindhoven University of Technology
The Eindhoven University of Technology (Dutch: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; TU/e) is a public technical university in the Netherlands, situated in Eindhoven. In 2020–21, around 14,000 students were enrolled in its BSc and MSc programs and around 1350 students were enrolled in its PhD and EngD programs. In 2021, the TU/e employed around 3900 people.

TU/e is the Dutch member of the EuroTech Universities Alliance, a partnership of European universities of science & technology. The other members are Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), École Polytechnique (L’X), The Technion, and Technical University of Munich (TUM).
Sam Bewley
Samuel Ryan Bewley (born 22 July 1987) is an amateur podcast host and former professional racing cyclist from New Zealand who last rode for UCI WorldTeam Team BikeExchange–Jayco. He also competed for UCI ProTeam Team RadioShack and BikeNZ PureBlack Racing. He competed in nine Grand Tours, including five starts at the Vuelta a España and three starts at the Giro d'Italia. Bewley made his sole Tour de France appearance in the 2020 edition, before retiring from professional cycling at the end of 2022.

Cali
Santiago de Cali (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,280,522 residents in 2023. The city spans 560.3 km2 (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi) of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.

As a sporting center for Colombia, it was the host city for the 1971 Pan American Games. Cali also hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the 2013 edition of the World Games, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014, the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 as well as the inaugural Junior Pan American Games in 2021 and the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships.
Agnieszka Wieszczek
Agnieszka Jadwiga Wieszczek-Kordus (born 22 March 1983 in Wałbrzych) is a Polish freestyle wrestler.  Wieszczek won a bronze medal in women's freestyle wrestling 72 kg at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

She is the first Polish woman to win an Olympic medal in women's freestyle wrestling.

In March 2021, she competed at the European Qualification Tournament in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

For her sport achievements, she received: 
 Golden Cross of Merit in 2008.

United World Wrestling
United World Wrestling, abbreviated as UWW, is the international governing body for the sport of Wrestling; its duties include overseeing wrestling at the World Championships and Olympics. It presides over international competitions for various forms of wrestling, including Greco-Roman, freestyle, grappling, and others. The flagship event of UWW is the World Wrestling Championships.
New Flyer High Floor
The New Flyer High Floor is a line of conventional (high-floor) transit buses available in 35-foot rigid, 40-foot rigid, and 60-foot articulated lengths manufactured by New Flyer Industries between 1987 and 2006. The buses were powered by conventional diesel or natural gas engines using either V-drive or T-drive transmission couplings, with the exception of an articulated electric trolleybus variant manufactured for a single customer, the San Francisco Municipal Railway. The New Flyer Low Floor, a low-floor bus with a similar external appearance, was introduced in 1991 and proved to be more popular than the High Floor, which was discontinued in 1996 in diesel rigid form. CNG high-floor buses continued to be made until 1999, and the articulated version was manufactured until early 2006.

Transit bus
A transit bus (also big bus, commuter bus, city bus, town bus, urban bus, stage bus, public bus,  public transit bus, or simply bus) is a type of bus used in public transport bus services.  Several configurations are used, including low-floor buses, high-floor buses, double-decker buses, articulated buses and midibuses.

These are distinct from all-seated coaches used for intercity travel and smaller minibuses, for more flexible services.
Onias IV
Onias IV (Hebrew: חוֹנִיּוֹ Ḥōniyyō) was the son of Onias III and the heir of the Zadokite line of High Priests of Israel. He built a new Jewish temple at Leontopolis in Ptolemaic Egypt where he reigned as a rival High Priest to the hierarchy in Jerusalem. While he never gained leadership in Judea, he still held influence in Egypt; the territory most heavily populated by Jews was called the Land of Onias in reference to his influence.

High Priest of Israel
The High Priest of Israel  (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, romanized: kohēn gaḏol, lit. 'great priest')  was the head of the kohanim (Israelite priesthood). He played a unique role in the worship conducted in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple in Jerusalem, as well as in some non-ritual matters. Like all priests, he was required to be descended from Aaron, the first priest in the Torah. But unlike other priests, the high priest followed more restrictive laws, wore unique priestly garments, and was the only priest allowed to perform certain ceremonies.

There is still a Samaritan High Priest, but in Judaism, the High Priesthood is defunct.
2022 Bhadohi fire
On 2 October 2022, a fire occurred at a Durga Puja pandal (temporary structure for worship) in Narthuwa village in Bhadohi district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Seventeen people died and at least 75 people were injured in the incident. The investigation revealed that the decorative fiber polythene sheets had caught fire due to heat caused by halogen lights. The incident occurred around 9:30 pm (IST), during the celebration of Saptami or the seventh day of Navaratri, an annual Hindu festival observed in honour of the Hindu goddess Durga. Around 150 to 300 people or more were present at the venue when the incident took place.

Navaratri
Navaratri (Sanskrit: नवरात्रि, romanized: Navarātri) is an annual Hindu festival observed in honor of the goddess Durga, an aspect of Adi Parashakti, the supreme goddess. It spans over nine nights, first in the month of Chaitra (March/April of the Gregorian calendar), and again in the month of Ashvin (September–October). It is observed for different reasons and celebrated differently in various parts of the Hindu - Indian cultural sphere. Theoretically, there are four seasonal Navaratris. However, in practice, it is the post-monsoon autumn festival called Sharada Navaratri. There are also two additional Navaratris as well, in Shukla Paksha of the Magha Month (Magha Gupta Navaratri) and another in the Shukla Paksha of Ashadha Month.
David Schnoor
David Schnoor is a politician from the state of Nebraska.  In December 2014, he was appointed to the Nebraska Legislature, representing a district in the east-central part of the state. He was defeated by Lynne Walz in the 2016 election. He is a member of the Republican Party.

2016 Nebraska elections
The 2016 Nebraska state elections were held on November 8, 2016. Voters elected all three of Nebraska’s representatives to the United States House of Representatives, along with half of the members of the Nebraska Legislature. Elections were also held for seats on the Nebraska Public Service Commission, State Board of Education, and Board of Regents. Additionally, judicial retention elections took place for the Nebraska Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Workers' Compensation Court, and lower courts. Local district elections were also on the ballot, as was a referendum on repealing the state's death penalty.
The Larches, Monmouthshire
The Larches (Welsh: Bryngaer Coed y Mynydd) near Trellech is a Celtic Iron Age hillfort. OS reference: SO492037.

This fort was registered by Cadw and is identified with the number SAM: MM069. There are approximately 300 hillforts in Cadw's list of monuments, although archaeologists believe there were nearly 600 in total.

Cadw
Cadw ([ˈkadu], a Welsh verbal noun meaning "keeping/preserving") is the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and part of the Tourism and Culture group. Cadw works to protect the historic buildings and structures, the landscapes and heritage sites of Wales, to make them available for the public to visit, enjoy, and understand their significance. Cadw manages 127 state-owned properties and sites. It arranges events at its managed properties, provides lectures and teaching sessions, offers heritage walks, and hosts an online shop. Members of the public can become members of Cadw to gain membership privileges.

Cadw marked its 40th year in 2024, by which time more than 33,000 properties, structures and monuments were under its care.
2020–2021 New Caledonian protests
The 2020 protests in New Caledonia began on 28 October 2020 over a plan to sell a Vale-owned nickel and cobalt mine to a consortium led by Trafigura. The nickel mine and plant is known as the Goro mine. Independence leaders and pro-independence protesters wanted for the nickel plant to be owned by citizens of New Caledonia rather than foreign investors, though various arrangements have been proposed.

The controversy over the nickel mining industry, a key part of New Caledonia's economy, rekindled interest in independence about a month after the French territory voted narrowly in a referendum to remain a territory of France. Protests, riots, counter-protests and general civil unrest occurred in New Caledonia as a result of the planned sale of the Goro mine. Tension ran high in the territory, and lead to a collapse of its coalition government after resignations from pro-independence politicians.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Quillen spectral sequence
In the area of mathematics known as K-theory, the Quillen spectral sequence, also called the Brown–Gersten–Quillen or BGQ spectral sequence (named after Kenneth Brown, 
Stephen Gersten, and Daniel Quillen), is a spectral sequence converging to the sheaf cohomology of a type of topological space that occurs in algebraic geometry. It is used in calculating the homotopy properties of a simplicial group.

Stephen M. Gersten
Stephen M. Gersten (born 2 December 1940) is an American mathematician, specializing in finitely presented groups and their geometric properties.

Gersten graduated in 1961 with an AB from Princeton University and in 1965 with a PhD from Trinity College, Cambridge. His doctoral thesis was Class Groups of Supplemented Algebras written under the supervision of John R. Stallings. In the late 1960s and early 1970s he taught at Rice University. In 1972–1973 he was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study. In 1973 he became a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. In 1974 he was an Invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Vancouver. At the University of Utah he became a professor in 1975 and is now semi-retired there.  His PhD students include Roger C. Alperin, R. Keith Dennis and Edward W. Formanek.

Gersten's conjecture has motivated considerable research.
Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III
In enzymology, a β-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase III (EC 2.3.1.180) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl carrier protein]  acetoacetyl-[acyl carrier protein] + CoA + CO2

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein], whereas its 3 products are acetoacetyl-[acyl-carrier-protein], CoA, and CO2. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.

This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis. β-Ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III is involved in the dissociated (or type II) fatty-acid biosynthesis system that occurs in plants and bacteria. The role of FabH in fatty acid synthesis has been described in Streptomyces glaucescens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptomyces coelicolor.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.  Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.
Ysceifiog
Ysceifiog, also spelled as Ysgeifiog, is a village and community in Flintshire, Wales. It lies on a back road just north of the A541 highway between Nannerch and Caerwys. The name translates roughly as "a place where elder trees grow".

The community includes the villages of Lixwm, to the east of Ysceifiog village, and Babell, to the north.

Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from Latin, meaning "Penn's Woods", a reference to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn.
Boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Bantamweight
The bantamweight competition was the third-lowest weight class featured in amateur boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and was held at the Workers Indoor Arena. Bantamweights were limited to a maximum of 54 kilograms in body mass.

Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Five judges scored each bout; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score. The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout.

Workers' Gymnasium
The Workers' Gymnasium (official name) is an indoor arena located west of the Workers' Stadium in Beijing, China. It was inaugurated in 1961 for the 26th World Table Tennis Championships.

It hosted the boxing events at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the Judo events at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. It is one of 11 Beijing-based venues to be renovated and upgraded for the Olympics. The arena has a seating capacity of 13,000.
1473 Ounas
1473 Ounas, provisional designation 1938 UT, is a stony asteroid, suspected tumbler and a slow rotator from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 October 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The asteroid was named after the Finnish Ounas river.

Iso-Heikkilä Observatory
Iso-Heikkilä Observatory (Finnish: Iso-Heikkilän tähtitorni, Swedish: Storheikkilä observatorium) is an amateur astronomical observatory used by a local amateur astronomical association, Turun Ursa ry in the Iso-Heikkilä district of Turku, Finland.

Referred to as Turku Observatory (062) by the Minor Planet Center, it was previously operated by the University of Turku from 1937 to 1972, and is the observatory where several Finnish discoverers of minor planets made their observations.
Explanatory dictionary of the Georgian language
The Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian Language (Georgian: ქართული ენის განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი) is one of the major explanatory dictionaries of the Georgian language. It consists of eight volumes and contains nearly 115,000 words. The editor in chief was Arnold Chikobava. It was produced from 1950 until 1964, and about 150 scientists worked on it. It was the first Georgian dictionary which had a systematic documentation for each word. The words are arranged alphabetically. The first volume contains a brief description of the grammar of Georgian.

Arnold Chikobava
Arnold Stephanes dze Chikobava (Georgian: არნოლდ სტეფანეს ძე ჩიქობავა; March 14 (26), 1898 – November 5, 1985) was a Georgian linguist and philologist best known for his contributions to Caucasian studies and for being one of the most active critics of Nicholas Marr's controversial monogenetic "Japhetic" theory of language.
Gmina Czyżew
Gmina Czyżew is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Czyżew, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Wysokie Mazowieckie and 67 km (42 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 123.4 square kilometres (47.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,653. Prior to 2011 it was a rural gmina and was called Gmina Czyżew-Osada, with its seat in the village of Czyżew-Osada (now part of the town of Czyżew, which was created on 1 January 2011).

Wysokie Mazowieckie
Wysokie Mazowieckie ([vɨˈsɔkʲɛ mazɔˈvjɛt͡skʲɛ]; Yiddish: וויסאקע-מאזאוויעצק, romanized: Visoka-Mazovietzk) is a town in north-eastern Poland, in Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the capital of Wysokie Mazowieckie County. Population is 10,034 as of 2005.
Khallet al-Haddad
Khallet al-Haddad is a Palestinian village located 5.5 km (3.4 mi) south of Bethlehem. The village is in the Bethlehem Governorate in the southern West Bank. It is bordered to the east by the town of Teqoa, to the north by the town of Jannatah, to the west by the village of Al-Ma'sara, and to the south by the lands of the town of Teqoa. The area of the village is about 1,742 dunums, including 1,678 arable lands and 24 residential areas.

There is one mosque in the village, which is the Mosque of the Pious. It contains a site called Sada Bishr, and the Al-Sawafeer Canal for collecting water, which existed from the time of the Romans. The village contains a basic school consisting of nine grades (1–9), and this school was named after the village.

Bethlehem Governorate
The Bethlehem Governorate (Arabic: محافظة بيت لحم, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Bayt Laḥm) is one of 16 governorates of Palestine. It covers an area of the West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Its principal city and district capital is Bethlehem. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, its population was estimated to 199,463 in 2012.
Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction
Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction is a book written by Frank Schmalleger. It is intended to serve as an introductory text in the study of the American criminal justice system. The text is printed by Prentice Hall and Pearson Education. The publisher is Jeff Johnston.

Schmalleger states, "Criminal justice is a dynamic and fluid field of study. As accelerated change engulfs American society, it is appropriate that a streamlined and up-to-date book be in the hands of students. The information age and all that it has wrought is here..."

Schmalleger adds, "It is my hope that the technological and publishing revolutions will combine with growing social awareness to facilitate needed changes in our system; and will supplant self-serving system-perpetuated injustices with new standards of equity, compassion, understanding, fairness, and justice for all."

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.