hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1940 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1940 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in outdoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Ratcliffe Stadium in Fresno, California, and it took place 28–29 June. The women's meet was held separately at Carey Stadium in Ocean City, New Jersey, on 7 July.

At the men's championships, Dutch Warmerdam set a world record in the pole vault, becoming the second person in history to jump over 15 feet (4.6 m). The women's competition was marked by the debut of Jean Lane, who won the 50 m and 100 m.

Ratcliffe Stadium
Ratcliffe Stadium is a collegiate athletic venue in the western United States, located on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California.

Opened in October 9, 1926, it was renamed in 1941 after their first football coach, Emory Ratcliffe. The stadium hosted the Raisin Bowl (1946–1949) and was home to the Fresno State Bulldogs football team through 1979; they moved to their on-campus Bulldog Stadium in 1980.

Ratcliffe also hosted the West Coast Relays, a major track and field competition. Today, local high school football games and various track and field events are still held there. The stadium has a seating capacity of 13,000, and it is located at 1101 E. University Avenue, along Blackstone Avenue.

The football field has a conventional north-south alignment, at an elevation of 300 feet (90 m) above sea level.
AD 411
Year 411 (CDXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1164 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 411 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Theodosius II
Theodosius II (Ancient Greek: Θεοδόσιος Theodosios; 10 April 401 – 28 July 450), called "the Calligrapher", was Roman emperor from 402 to 450. He was proclaimed Augustus as an infant and ruled as the Eastern Empire's sole emperor after the death of his father Arcadius in 408. His reign was marked by the promulgation of the Theodosian law code and the construction of the Theodosian walls of Constantinople. He also presided over the outbreak of two great Christological controversies, Nestorianism and Eutychianism.
Vermilion River (Minnesota)
The Vermilion River is located in Saint Louis County of  northeast Minnesota, flowing between Crane Lake and Dago Bay of Lake Vermilion near Vermilion Dam.

The Vermilion River's width varies considerably, being the size of a large creek in places and looking like a large lake in another.  The Vermilion River passes through the community of Buyck in Portage Township.

As its name suggests, the waters of the Vermilion are a brownish-red color. The murky waters and the over-abundance of leeches make the Vermilion an undesirable swimming destination. Forests around the Vermilion, being logged about 50 years ago, are thick and hard to penetrate as many competing trees are closely spaced.

Crane Lake, Minnesota
Crane Lake is an unincorporated community in Crane Lake Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States; located within the Kabetogama State Forest.

Crane Lake is situated at the southern entry to the Voyageurs National Park; the western entry to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness; and an entry into Canada.

The community is located 27 miles (43 km) northeast of Orr, along Saint Louis County Roads 23 and 24.  Crane Lake is located 45 miles northeast of Cook.  The northern terminus of County Road 24 is at Crane Lake.
Rankin Johnson Sr.
Adam Rankin "Tex" Johnson Sr. (February 4, 1888 – July 2, 1972) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. His son, Rankin Johnson, Jr., was also a Major League pitcher. His grandfather was the Civil War military leader Stovepipe Johnson.

He began his professional career with the Austin Senators of the Texas League in 1908. His best season pitching was in 1916 with the Fort Worth Panthers of the Texas League. His record was 15–12 in 35 appearances that year. Later in his minor league career he was a player/coach for four seasons (1923-1926). His last professional season was in 1926 for the Chambersburg Maroons of the Blue Ridge League.

Chambersburg Maroons
The Chambersburg Maroons were a baseball team located in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. They called historic Henninger Field their home, and had done so since the club's creation in 1895.  They played their last season in 2010, ending 116 years of existence.
Hundred of Ayers (Northern Territory)
The Hundred of Ayers is a hundred within Palmerston County, in the Northern Territory, Australia.

The hundred is located at 12°38′00″S 130°55′00″E﻿ / ﻿12.633333°S 130.916667°E﻿ / -12.633333; 130.916667 and spans Berry Springs. It extends to the southern part of the Darwin Harbour and is named after Sir Henry Ayers, the Chief Secretary of South Australia who was honoured by the explorer W.C Gosse in 1873 in the naming of Ayers Rock.

William Gosse (explorer)
William Christie Gosse  (11 December 1842–12 August 1881) was an Australian explorer, remembered for his 1873 expedition to Central Australia, whose purpose was to explore the area south of Alice Springs and west of the Transcontinental Telegraph Line. He made useful additions to the discoveries of Ernest Giles.
MVD Entertainment Group
MVD Entertainment Group,  (previously Music Video Distributors, Inc.) is an American independent production company and film distributor based in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, consisting of three main departments: MVD Visual, MVD Audio, and MVD Distribution.

The company was founded by Tom Seaman in 1986 and today has released over 8,000 titles.

Pottstown, Pennsylvania
Pottstown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Pottstown was laid out in 1752–53 and named Pottsgrove in honor of its founder, John Potts. The old name was abandoned at the time of the incorporation as a borough in 1815. In 1888, the limits of the borough were considerably extended. Pottstown is the center of a productive farming and dairying region. As of the 2020 census, Pottstown had a population of 23,433.

Pottstown is located on the Schuylkill River. It is 29.1 miles (46.8 km) south of Allentown and 40.4 miles (65.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It is generally considered part of the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.
1951 U.S. Women's Open
The 1951 U.S. Women's Open was the sixth U.S. Women's Open, held September 13–16 at Druid Hills Golf Club in Atlanta, Georgia.

First-year professional Betsy Rawls, age 23, won the first of her eight major championships, five strokes ahead of runner-up Louise Suggs, the 1949 champion. It was the first of four U.S. Women's Open titles for Rawls, with additional wins in 1953, 1957, and 1960.

Prior to this event, the LPGA Tour petitioned the United States Golf Association (USGA) to take over the championship, which it did two years later in 1953.

Women's major golf championships
Women's golf has a set of major championships, a series of tournaments designated to be of a higher status than other tournaments. Five tournaments are currently designated as 'majors' in women's golf by the LPGA.

The LPGA's list of majors has changed in constitution since the first major was held at the Women's Western Open in 1930. There have been four different periods, 1930 to 1972, 1973 to 2000, 2001 to 2013, and the current version which began in 2014. The current version of tournaments is the Chevron Championship, The Evian Championship, U.S. Women's Open, Women's PGA Championship, The Women's Open.
The Secret of the Caves
The Secret of the Caves is the seventh volume in the original Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written by Leslie McFarlane in 1929 for the Stratemeyer Syndicate, which published it under the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Edward Stratemeyer's daughter Harriet Adams. In 1965, the original version of this book was rewritten by Andrew E. Svenson, resulting in two different stories with the same title.

Stratemeyer Syndicate
The Stratemeyer Syndicate was an American book packaging company that produced a number of book series for children, including Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys, the various Tom Swift series, the Bobbsey Twins, the Rover Boys, and others. It contracted the many pseudonymous authors who wrote the series from 1899 to 1987, and arranged the publishing by firms such as Grosset & Dunlap. In 1987 it was sold to Simon & Schuster.
Thomas O'Mara
Thomas Chrysostom O'Mara (1847 – 23 June 1891) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Tumut to pastoralist Timothy O'Mara and Johanna Quilty. He was a barrister, admitted to the bar in 1874. In 1882 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Tumut. Defeated in 1885, he returned in 1887 as the member for Monaro, but was defeated once more in 1889. He died at Burwood in 1891.

Burwood, New South Wales
Burwood is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi)  west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of Municipality of Burwood.

Burwood Heights is a separate suburb to the south. The Appian Way is a street in Burwood, known for its architecturally designed Federation-style homes.
The Karate Kid (TV series)
The Karate Kid is a 1989 American animated children's television series which debuted on NBC's Saturday morning lineup. It starred Joey Dedio, Robert Ito, and Janice Kawaye. It is based on the Karate Kid series of films, and was produced by DIC Enterprises, Saban Entertainment and Columbia Pictures Television.
The show was originally planned for daily syndication for fall 1988 with 65 episodes, before eventually settling on a 13-episode order for NBC in 1989.

DIC Entertainment
DIC Entertainment Corporation (/ˈdiːk/; also known as DIC Audiovisuel, DIC Enterprises, DIC Animation City, DIC Entertainment, L.P., and DIC Productions, sometimes stylized as DİC) was a French-American film and television production company that was mostly associated as an animation studio. As a former division of The Walt Disney Company, DIC produced live-action feature films and licensed numerous anime series.

In 2008, DIC was acquired by Cookie Jar Group in June and was later folded into Cookie Jar in July. As of 2025, most of the DIC library is currently owned by WildBrain (formerly DHX Media) after the company acquired Cookie Jar in October 2012.
Mohamad Fares (footballer, born 1990)
Mohamad Ahmad Fares (Arabic: محمد أحمد فارس) (born 21 January 1990 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Syrian footballer. He currently plays for Al-Najma, which competes in the Bahraini Premier League the top division in Bahrain. He plays as a midfielder, wearing the number 7 jersey for Al-Ittihad. A product of Al-Ittihad's youth system, he made his first-team breakthrough under manager Valeriu Tița during the 2008–09 season.

He helped Al-Ittihad reach the final of the AFC Cup the second most important association cup in Asia. Al-Ittihad won the final against Kuwaiti Premier League champions Al-Qadsia after penalties. The game was tied 1–1 after regular time and Extra Time.

Kuwait Premier League
The Kuwaiti Premier League (Arabic: الدوري الكويتي, romanized: Dawriyy al-Kuwaytī), known as Zain Premier League due to sponsorship reasons, is the top division of the Kuwait football pyramid system. Formed in 1961, Kuwait SC holds the best record in the competition, having won 20 times.
Sysen Dam
The Sysen Dam (Norwegian: Sysendammen) is a rock-fill embankment dam in Eidfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The dam is 1,157 meters (3,796 ft) long, 81 meters (266 ft) high, and 258 meters (846 ft) wide at its base. It is built of 3.6 million cubic meters (130×10^6 ft3) of stone and moraine deposits.

The dam holds back Lake Sysen, which is the main reservoir for the Sy-Sima Hydroelectric Power Station. The average annual production of the power station is 1,115 gigawatt-hours (4,010 TJ). The reservoir capacity is 427 million cubic meters (346,000 acre⋅ft) and it is regulated at an elevation of 66 meters (217 ft).

The water supply to Vøring Falls is regulated by the dam, and there is a requirement for minimum water supply during the summer season.

The dam is a tourist attraction, and it can be accessed from Norwegian National Road 7.

Cubic metre
The cubic metre (in Commonwealth English and international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or cubic meter (in American English) is the unit of volume in the International System of Units (SI). Its symbol is m3. It is the volume of a cube with edges one metre in length.  An alternative name, which allowed a different usage with metric prefixes, was the stère, still sometimes used for dry measure (for instance, in reference to wood). Another alternative name, no longer widely used, was the kilolitre.
Pick Me Up (Gabby Barrett song)
"Pick Me Up" is a song recorded by American country music singer Gabby Barrett. It serves as the fourth single from her debut album Goldmine. Barrett co-wrote the song with Jon Nite and Ross Copperman. The official music video for the song premiered on May 5, 2022.

Gabby Barrett
Gabby Bernadette Barrett (born March 5, 2000) is an American country music singer. She finished third on the sixteenth season of American Idol. Her debut single  "I Hope" was the first top 10 Hot Country Songs debut by an unaccompanied woman singer since October 2017. It became a top three hit on the Billboard Hot 100 and has been certified 8× platinum by the RIAA. Her debut album Goldmine was released on June 19, 2020.
Octet (Stravinsky)
The Octet for wind instruments is a chamber music composition by Igor Stravinsky, completed in 1923.

Stravinsky’s Octet is scored for an unusual combination of woodwind and brass instruments: flute, clarinet in B♭ and A, two bassoons, trumpet in C, trumpet in A, tenor trombone, and bass trombone. Because of its dry wind sonorities, divertimento character, and open and self-conscious adoption of "classical" forms of the German tradition (sonata, variation, fugue), as well as the fact that the composer published an article asserting his formalist ideas about it shortly after the Octet's first performance, it has been generally regarded as the beginning of neoclassicism in Stravinsky's music, even though his opera Mavra (1921–22) already displayed most of the traits associated with this phase of his career (Walsh 2001, §5).

Divertimento
Divertimento /dɪˌvɜːrtɪˈmɛntoʊ/ (Italian: [divertiˈmento]; from the Italian divertire "to amuse") is a musical genre, with most of its examples from the 18th century. The mood of the divertimento is most often lighthearted (as a result of being played at social functions) and it is generally composed for a small ensemble. The term is used to describe a wide variety of secular (non-religious) instrumental works for soloist or chamber ensemble. It is usually a kind of music entertainment, although it could also be applied to a more serious genre. After 1780, the term generally designated works that were informal or light.
White-bellied honeyeater
The white-bellied honeyeater (Gliciphila notabilis), also known as the New Hebrides honeyeater and the Vanuatu honeyeater, is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae.  It is endemic to the Melanesian island nation of Vanuatu. This species was formerly placed in the genus Glycifohia.

Two subspecies are recognised:

G. n. notabilis Sharpe, RB, 1899 – northwestern Vanuatu, including Banks Islands

G. n. superciliaris (Mayr, E, 1932) – Espiritu Santo to Epi (northern Vanuatu)

Espiritu Santo
Espiritu Santo (UK: /ɛˌspɪrɪtuː ˈsæntoʊ/, US: /- ˈsɑːntuː, - ˈsɑːntoʊ/; French: [ɛspiʁity sɑ̃to]) is the largest island in the nation and archipelago of Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides), with an area of 3,955.5 km2 (1,527.2 sq mi), although Efate, on which the capital city of Port Vila is located, has a larger population. As of 2020, the population of Santo was 37,328. Luganville is the only true town on the island.
Pseudochromis leucorhynchus
Pseudochromis leucorhynchus, or the white-nosed dottyback, is a species of ray-finned fish from the Western Indian Ocean: from Oman to Kenya, and the Socotra Archipelago. It is a member of the family Pseudochromidae. This species reaches a length of 9 cm (3.5 in).

Dottyback
The dottybacks are a family, Pseudochromidae, of fishes which were formerly classified in the order Perciformes or considered incertae sedis percomorphs, but are now considered basal blenniiforms. Around 152 species belong to this family.

They are found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, where most inhabit coral reefs. Many species are brightly coloured fish, often showing striking sexual dimorphism. They are generally small, mostly less than 10 cm (4 in) in length, and some less than 2 cm (0.8 in). The largest by far, at up to 45 cm (1 ft 6 in), is Congrogadus subducens. Dottybacks are distinguished from other families by the presence of three or less spines in the dorsal fin and an incomplete lateral line organ.

Several of the brightly coloured members of the family are often seen in the marine aquarium trade, although some species are aggressively territorial.
Google Pay Send
Google Pay Send, previously known as Google Wallet, was a peer-to-peer payments service developed by Google before its merger into Google Pay. It allowed people to send and receive money from a mobile device or desktop computer.

In 2018, Android Pay and Google Wallet were unified into a single pay system called Google Pay. The old Wallet app was rebranded Google Pay Send, before it was discontinued as well in 2020.

Peer-to-peer banking
Peer-to-peer banking, frequently referred to in blockchain-based finance, refers to the transfer of value without traditional intermediaries like banks.

In the modern era and engrained within current practices, peer-to-peer banking is an online system enabling direct financial transactions between individuals through an auction-style process, where members can offer or request loans at specified amounts and interest rates. P2P banking principles vary depending upon historical contexts and incidents.
Luc Colijn
Luc Colijn (born 2 May 1958) is a Belgian former professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1981 Tour de France. He currently works as a directeur sportif for Team Flanders–Baloise. He is the grandson of cyclist Achiel Buysse.

UEC European Track Championships – Derny
The race behind derny is one of the 2 motor-paced racing disciplines of the annual UEC European Track Championships.

Since late 1961, private organizers of track cycling events organized championships (European Criterion or Winter championship) during the Winter months.

The sub federation for professional cycling of the UCI, the FICP organized official European championships (called Championnats d'Hiver) between 1971/72 and 1990.

Since 1995 the European Cycling Union is responsible for this event, which is no longer an event for professionals only.

In 2004 and 2010, the derny competition was cancelled for organizational reasons.

From 2019, the event is also held for woman.
Okumkpa
Okumkpa // ⓘ is an African dance noted for its humorous qualities, performed in Igbo Afikpo tribes in Nigeria. It is usually performed after the Dry Season Festival. The performers wear masks to transform themselves into mma (spirit).

Each Okumkpa mask has a name, and the dancer wearing the mask is expected to dance according to the quality of the mask. Themes include satirical subjects, such as competing for being the most foolish man on earth to win the "Pot of Foolishness".

Afikpo North
Afikpo Listenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Ehugbo, Afikpo. Important townships include Ehugbo (with Itim Ukwu, Ohaisu, Nkpoghoro, Ugwuegu/Amaizu, Ozizza autonomous   communities characteristic of towns too) Unwana and Amasiri. Other notable areas are Ibii and Akpoha. Afikpo north is located in Ebony south senatorial district of Ebonyi state Nigeria.

It has an area of 240 km2 and a population of 881,611 at the 2021. Its postal code is 490.
The major language is a more localised form of the Igbo language known as the 'Ehugbo Language'. It has a rich Igbo traditional heritage and culture and has festivals like the 'New Yam Festival' that hold at the end of the month of August every year, which marks the beginning of a new traditional year.
J. Edward Richardson
J. Edward Richardson (born 1873) was an American architect from Dover, New Hampshire.

Richardson was born in Dover on September 27, 1873, to J. Herbert and Jettie (Huntress) Richardson. After completing his education in the public schools, he began the study of architecture. He opened his own office at a young age in 1894. Richardson would grow to become a prominent local architect, especially after the retirement of Alvah T. Ramsdell a few years before World War II.

Dover, New Hampshire
Dover is a city in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 32,741 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous city in the New Hampshire Seacoast region and the fifth most populous city in New Hampshire.

It is the county seat of Strafford County, and home to Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, the Woodman Institute Museum, and the Children's Museum of New Hampshire.
Double-setpoint control
A Double-setpoint control is quite similar to bang–bang control. It is an element of a feedback-loop and therefore evaluated by application of control theory. It has two setpoints on which it switches abruptly usually involving a hysteresis. It may be used in a heating and cooling situation or for two speed control.

The theory was examined by J. Gregory Vermeychuk. The "double-bang-bang" was implemented in the Luft Instruments Model 77 Controller used in a variety of laboratory (titrations)  and plant application. Shown in Harvard University Science Museum.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.
Feuerthalen railway station
Feuerthalen railway station (German: Bahnhof Feuerthalen) is a railway station in Feuerthalen, in the Swiss canton of Zurich. It is an intermediate stop on the Lake Line and is served as a request stop by local trains only.

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.