hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greek language question
The Greek language question (Greek: το γλωσσικό ζήτημα, to glossikó zítima) was a dispute about whether the vernacular of the Greek people (Demotic Greek) or a cultivated literary language based on Ancient Greek (Katharevousa) should be the prevailing language of the people and government of Greece. It was a highly controversial topic in the 19th and 20th centuries, and was finally resolved in 1976 when Demotic was made the official language. The language phenomenon in question, which also occurs elsewhere in the world, is called diglossia.

Government of Greece
The Government of Greece (Greek: Κυβέρνηση της Ελλάδας, romanized: Kyvérnīsī tīs Elládas), officially the Government of the Hellenic Republic (Κυβέρνηση της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Kyvérnīsī tīs Ellīnikī́s Dīmokratías) is the collective body of the Greek state responsible to define and direct the general policy of the country. It exercises the executive powers alongside the president of the republic and it is constituted by the cabinet (officially: ministerial council) which is composed by the prime minister, the ministers and the deputy ministers.

Other collective government bodies, apart from the Ministerial Council, are the Committee on Institutions, the Government Council for Foreign Affairs and Defence and others, which manage particular government policy issues.
Henry Cooke (artist)
Henry Cooke (1642–1700), son of Henry Cooke, was an English artist, employed by the Ironmongers' Company.

Cooke went to Italy where he studied under Salvator Rosa. He painted the choir of New College Chapel, Oxford, the staircase at Ranelagh House, and Lord Carlisle's House in Soho Square. He died in 1700.

It is said that he committed a murder and fled from England; and that after his return, he was employed by King William to  "repair" the Cartoons of Raphael. He finished the portrait of Charles II at Chelsea Hospital; and also tried
portrait painting, but gave it up.

Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle (1628 – 24 February 1685) was an English military leader and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1653 and 1660 and was created Earl of Carlisle in 1661.
Bevilo tutto
"Bevilo tutto" ("Drink it all", "Drink it up") is an Italian drinking song. A version is documented in I Nuovi Goliardi – Periodico mensuale di storia Trieste, in the 1880s. The song was also featured in the movie The Hitman's Bodyguard with Samuel L Jackson singing with some nuns in a bus.

The Hitman's Bodyguard
The Hitman's Bodyguard is a 2017 action comedy film directed by Patrick Hughes and written by Tom O'Connor. It stars Ryan Reynolds, Samuel L. Jackson, Gary Oldman and Salma Hayek. In the film, Michael Bryce (Reynolds) must protect Darius Kincaid (Jackson), an imprisoned hitman on his way to testify at the International Criminal Court against a sadistic Eastern European dictator Vladislav Dukhovich (Oldman).

The Hitman's Bodyguard was released in the United States on 18 August 2017 and grossed $183 million worldwide. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised its performances, action sequences, and the chemistry between Reynolds and Jackson, but criticized its plot and execution. A sequel titled Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard was released on 16 June 2021.
Baby Boom (song)
"Baby Boom" is a song written by Magnus Uggla and Anders Henriksson, and recorded by Uggla on his album 35-åringen, released in 1989. The song's lyrics describe baby booming during the late 1980s economic boom in Sweden. The single peaked at number 15 on the Swedish singles chart. The song also charted at Trackslistan, where it stayed for five weeks between 2 December 1989 – 6 January 1990, peaking at 12th position. It also charted for 14 weeks at Svensktoppen, from late 1989 up to 1 April 1990.

Trackslistan
Tracks, or Trackslistan, was a top-20 song list and a program on the Swedish radio channel SR P3. It premiered on 8 September  1984 and was broadcast on Saturday afternoons. The program had a listener vote-in format and was one of the top music charts in Sweden. The show's predecessor was Poporama, which ran from 1974 to 1984. Trackslistan was discontinued in 2011.
Hinsdale, Montana
Hinsdale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Valley County, Montana, United States. The town's population was 217  and the community's population as a whole was 583 as of the 2010 census. The community is located on the Milk River and U.S. Route 2, with Montana Highway 537 headed north out of town and South Bench Road crossing the railroad tracks and running south of town. Hinsdale has a post office with ZIP code 59241.

U.S. Route 2 in Montana
U.S. Highway 2 (US 2) is an east–west United States Numbered Highway in the state of Montana. It extends approximately 666.645 miles (1,072.861 km) from the Idaho state line east to the North Dakota state line.
Close House Mine
Close House Mine  is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Teesdale district of west County Durham, England. It is a disused opencast mine located in Arngill Beck on the north-east flank of Close House Crags, in the Lunedale Forest. The site is surrounded on three sides by the Upper Teesdale SSSI.

The mine is situated within the Lunedale fault system, at the southern limit of the Alston Block. A large barite ore body is exposed at the mine and a rare mineral, rosasite, has been identified at the site.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Flip-flop (programming)
In computer programming, a flip-flop is a seldom-used syntactic construct which allows a boolean to flip from false to true when a first condition is met and then back to false when a second condition is met. The syntax is available in the programming languages Perl and Ruby. Similar logic is available in sed and awk.

A flip-flop with first condition A and second condition B is not equivalent to "if A and not B", as the former has persistent state and is true even if A is no longer true, as long as at some point in the past A was true and B has always been false.

A good analogy would be that even though A is not the truth and B is, It still will believe A.

Sed
sed (short for stream editor) is a utility that transforms text via a script written in a relatively simple and compact programming language. It was developed from 1973 to 1974 by Lee E. McMahon of Bell Labs,
and is available today for most operating systems. The functionality of sed is based on the scripting features of the interactive editor ed ("editor", 1971) and the earlier qed ("quick editor", 1965–66). It was one of the earliest tools to support regular expressions, and remains in use for text processing, most notably with the substitution command. Popular alternative tools for text manipulation and stream editing include AWK and Perl. The shell command that runs the utility has the same name: sed.
Vern Deacon
Vernon Deacon (1908 – 11 September 1965) was an Australian rugby league player.

Deacon was born in the town of Narromine and attended the nearby Dubbo High School, where he played on the same school rugby league side as future Wallabies representative Ron Walden.

A utility back, Deacon was a five-eighth in his first two seasons with University, then in 1928 began playing as both a fullback and winger. It was as a fullback that he represented NSW City against NSW Country in 1928. He competed for Balmain in the 1929 NSWRFL season, before moving to Kenebri to teach.

Balmain Tigers
The Balmain Tigers (also known as the Sydney Tigers from 1995 to 1996) are a rugby league club based in the inner-western Sydney suburb of Balmain. They were a founding member of the New South Wales Rugby League and one of the most successful in the history of the premiership, with eleven titles. In 1999 they formed a joint venture club with the Western Suburbs Magpies club to form the Wests Tigers for competition in the National Rugby League (NRL). They no longer field any senior teams in the lower divisions. At the time of the joint venture only South Sydney Rabbitohs and the St George Dragons had won more titles than the Tigers.

The club's home grounds are at present Leichhardt Oval, in Lilyfield, and T.G Milner Sportsground, in Marsfield.
Powelliphanta "Owen"
This is a yet-unnamed Powelliphanta species, provisionally known as Powelliphanta "Owen".  This is one of the amber snails. It is an undescribed species of large, carnivorous land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae.

Rhytididae
Rhytididae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized predatory air-breathing land snails, carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rhytidoidea.

This family has three subfamilies:

Chlamydephorinae Cockerell, 1935 (1903)

Rhytidinae Pilsbry, 1893

Corillinae Pilsbry, 1905
1925 International Cross Country Championships
The 1925 International Cross Country Championships was held in Dublin, Ireland, at the Baldoyle Racecourse on March 28, 1925.  A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results, medalists, and the results of British athletes were published.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
Imber friendly fire incident
The Imber friendly fire incident took place on 13 April 1942 at Imber in the English county of Wiltshire during the Second World War. One of the Royal Air Force fighter aircraft taking part in a firepower demonstration accidentally opened fire on a crowd of spectators, killing 25 and wounding 71. Pilot error and bad weather were blamed for the incident.

Warminster
Warminster (/ˈwɔːrmɪnstər/) is a historic market town and civil parish in south-west Wiltshire, England, on the western edge of Salisbury Plain. The parish had a population of 18,173 in 2021.

The name Warminster occurs first in the early 10th century and the Minster Church of St Denys was begun in the 11th century. The High Street and Market Place have many fine buildings including the Athenaeum Centre, the Town Hall, St Lawrence Chapel, The Old Bell and a variety of independent shops. Several Army establishments, known collectively as the Warminster Garrison, are on the edges of the town.
Locker (surname)
Locker is the surname of:

Berl Locker (1887–1972), Zionist activist and Israeli politician

Bob Locker (1938–2022), retired Major League Baseball pitcher

Dale Locker (1929–2011), Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives

Edward Hawke Locker (1777–1849), English watercolourist and administrator of the Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich

Harel Locker (born 1965), Israeli lawyer and civil servant

Jake Locker (born 1988), National Football League quarterback

William Locker (1866–1952), English footballer and cricketer

William Locker (Royal Navy officer) (1731–1800), Royal Navy commodore

Yohanan Locker (born 1956), Israeli general

Harel Locker
Harel Locker (Hebrew: הראל לוקר; born 1965) is an Israeli lawyer and civil servant. He is the Chairman of Paz Oil Company. Previously, he was Director General of the Israeli Prime Minister's Office, from December 2011 to October 2015, then served as chairman of Israel Aerospace Industries, for three years.
Anthony Kaldellis
Anthony Kaldellis (Greek: Αντώνιος Καλδέλλης Antonios Kaldellis; born 29 November 1971) is a Greek-American historian and Byzantinist who is Gaylord Donnelly Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Classics and the College at the University of Chicago. He is a specialist in Greek historiography, Plato, and Byzantine studies.

As the author of monographs on classical antiquity and the Byzantine Empire, Kaldellis has called into question a commonly accepted view of Byzantium as an absolutist world; he considers instead the Byzantine Empire a "bottom-up monarchy", where the common people have a good share in government, since emperors impose laws by acknowledging their customs and demands.

Hellenic historiography
Hellenic, Greek, or ancient Greek historiography involves efforts made by the Ancient Greeks to track and record historical events. By the 5th century BC, it became an integral part of ancient Greek literature and held a prestigious place in later Roman historiography and Byzantine literature.
Ed Philion
Edmond Paul Philion (born March 27, 1970) is a Canadian former professional football defensive tackle who played in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He won the 90th Grey Cup in 2002 and was a CFL East Division All-Star from 2003 through 2006.  Philion was a hockey player for the Essex 73's Jr.C. team in the mid-1980s.

Philion was the defensive line coach for the Toronto Argonauts in 2013, and then for the Edmonton Eskimos from 2014 to 2015.  He became the DL coach of the Edmonton Eskimos in January 2014.

East Division (CFL)
The East Division is one of the two regional divisions of the Canadian Football League, its counterpart being the West Division. Although the CFL was not founded until 1958, the East Division and its clubs are descended from earlier leagues.

The four teams in the division are the Toronto Argonauts, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Montreal Alouettes, and Ottawa Redblacks.  Several now-defunct teams have also played in the East Division including two teams from the United States and a large number of teams that have played in Hamilton, Montreal, and Ottawa prior to the current teams from those cities.  Additionally, current West Division team, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers have, in the past, spent a number of seasons in the East over three separate stints.
Surinder Kapoor
Surinder Kapoor (23 December 1925 – 24 September 2011) was an Indian film producer. He produced Bollywood films and also served as President of the Film & Television Producers Guild of India from 1995 to 2001.

Hum Paanch (film)
Hum Paanch (transl. Us Five) is a 1980 Hindi language action film directed by Bapu and produced by Boney Kapoor. The film features an all-star cast including Sanjeev Kumar, Shabana Azmi, Mithun Chakraborty, Deepti Naval, Naseeruddin Shah, Raj Babbar, Uday Chandra, Gulshan Grover (in his film debut) and Amrish Puri. The film was a surprise and big hit at the box office, and the 7th highest-grossing Hindi Film at the domestic box office of the year 1980.

The movie was Boney Kapoor's maiden venture as a producer. A young Anil Kapoor, who is Boney Kapoor's brother, has a cameo appearance. This film is a remake of 1978 Kannada film Paduvaaralli Pandavaru, directed by Puttanna Kanagal which was also remade by Bapu earlier in Telugu as Mana Voori Pandavulu (1978).
Brachyspira
Brachyspira is a genus of bacteria classified within the phylum Spirochaetota.

Brachyspira species include pathogens in pigs, birds, dogs, and humans.

B. pilosicoli colonizes millions of humans worldwide, leading to human intestinal spirochaetosis, a chronic, intermittent watery diarrhea vastly underdiagnosed  because of the lack of a simple diagnostic tool for clinicians. Multiplex qPCRs are promising diagnostic tools, as Brachyspira do not grow on conventional media.

B. pilosicoli also cause avian spirochetosis: birds might be considered as the natural reservoir.

B. hyodysenteriae leads to diarrheal disease in growing pigs worldwide, causing the so-called swine dysentery, typhlocolitis or porcine intestinal spirochaetosis, which contributes to major "production losses" in agrobusiness.

Some species like B. innocens or B. intermedia seem to be less virulent.

Intestinal spirochetosis
Human intestinal spirochetosis, often called just intestinal spirochetosis when the human context is implicit, is an infection of the colonic-type mucosa with certain species of spirochetal bacteria. Similar infections sometimes occur in pigs, dogs, and birds; porcine intestinal spirochaetosis is an economically important disease of livestock.
1959–60 Swiss 1. Liga
The 1959–60 1. Liga season was the 28th season of the 1. Liga since its creation in 1931. At this time, the 1. Liga was the third-tier of the Swiss football league system and it was the highest level of total amateur football. At this time, most the clubs in the highest division, and also in the second highest, in Switzerland were starting to employ semi-professional or even professional players.

Swiss football league system
The Swiss football league system, is a series of interconnected leagues for association football clubs in Switzerland, with seven teams from Liechtenstein, and one each from exclaves of Germany and Italy, also competing. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system. The first two levels of the system are collectively called Swiss Football League.

Liechtenstein does not have its own national league, therefore its teams compete in the Swiss leagues; see List of association football clubs playing in the league of another country.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD38
In molecular biology, snoRNA U38 (also known as SNORD38)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U38 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U38 is located in introns 4 and 5 of ribosomal protein S8 in human and in the homologous genes in mouse and cow.
U38 is predicted to guides the methylation of 2'-O-ribose residues in 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
The mouse homologue of U38 (MBII-329) has also been identified.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
German destroyer Z35
Z35 was the lead ship of her class of destroyers built for the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) during World War II. Completed in late 1943, the ship spent the war in the Baltic Sea, escorting German ships, laying minefields, and bombarding Soviet forces. On 12 December 1944, a navigational error caused her to enter a German minefield as she was preparing to lay another minefield in the Gulf of Finland off the Estonian coast. Z35 struck one or more mines and sank with the loss of all but 70 crewmen. The wreck was discovered and surveyed in 1994.

Saaremaa
Saaremaa (/ˈsɑːrəmɑː/; Estonian: [ˈsɑˑreˌmɑː]) is the largest and most populous island in Estonia. Measuring 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi), its population is 31,435 (as of January 2020). The main island of the West Estonian archipelago (Moonsund archipelago), it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island and northwest of the Gulf of Riga. The administrative centre of the island, and of the Saare maakond (county), is the town of Kuressaare.

From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, the island of Saaremaa was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical name Ösel.
Henry Bland (priest)
Henry Bland (circa 1677 – 24 May 1746) was an English cleric.

He was born around 1667 in Yorkshire and educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge. He was Rector of Great Bircham, Norfolk from 1706 to 1744 and of Harpley, Norfolk, 1715 to 1744; an Honorary Chaplain to the King and Chaplain to the Royal Chelsea Hospital from 1716; Headmaster of Doncaster School from 1699 to 1710 and then of Eton College from 1719; and Canon of Windsor from 1723 to 1733.

In later life he was Dean of Durham from 1728 to 1746 and Provost of Eton College from 1732 to 1746.

He died on 24 May 1746.

Honorary Chaplain to the King
An Honorary Chaplain to the King is a member of the clergy within the United Kingdom who, through long and distinguished service, is appointed to minister to the monarch of the United Kingdom. When the reigning monarch is female, Honorary Chaplains are known as Honorary Chaplains to the Queen. As of 2008 there are 33 appointees.  They are also known as Honorary Chaplains to the Sovereign.

Honorary Chaplains wear a scarlet cassock and a special bronze badge consisting of the royal cypher and crown within an oval wreath. The badge is worn below medal ribbons or miniature medals during the conduct of religious services on the left side of the scarf by chaplains who wear the scarf and on academic or ordinary clerical dress by other chaplains.

Ten ministers of the Church of Scotland are appointed as Chaplains to the King in Scotland.

The monarch may also, as circumstances dictate, appoint extra chaplains.
Mahmoud Zoufonoun
Ostad (“Master”) Mahmoud Zoufonoun (Persian: محمود ذوالفنون, sometimes pronounced "Zolfonoon" or "Zolfonun"; 1 January 1920 – 19 October 2013) was an Iranian-born American musician accomplished in the art of Persian traditional music.

Persian traditional music
Persian traditional music or Iranian  traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (historically known as Persia). It consists of characteristics developed through the country's classical, medieval, and contemporary eras. It also influenced areas and regions that are considered part of Greater Iran.

Due to the exchange of musical science throughout history, many of Iran's classical modes are related to those of its neighboring cultures.

Iran's classical art music continues to function as a spiritual tool, as it has throughout history, and much less of a recreational activity. It belongs, for the most part, to the social elite, as opposed to the folkloric and popular music, in which the society as a whole participates. However, components of Iran's classical music have also been incorporated into folk and pop music compositions.