hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constructing The Lord of the Rings
The task of constructing The Lord of the Rings was long and complex, lasting from its start in 1937, soon after the success of J. R. R. Tolkien's children's book The Hobbit, until the novel's publication in 1954–1955. Tolkien began with no idea where the story would go, and made several false starts before the tale of the One Ring emerged. The names of the characters, including the protagonists, of The Lord of the Rings changed many times. Tolkien stopped writing repeatedly, sometimes for years at a time. Inspiration, when it came, was based on practical work with maps, names, and languages that Tolkien incorporated in the novel. He illustrated places described in the text, updating drawings and text together until he felt they were correct.

Théoden
Théoden is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings. The King of Rohan and Lord of the Mark or of the Riddermark, names used by the Rohirrim for their land, he appears as a supporting character in The Two Towers and The Return of the King. When first introduced, Théoden is weak with age and sorrow and the machinations of his top advisor, Gríma Wormtongue, and he does nothing as his kingdom is crumbling. Once roused by the wizard Gandalf, however, he becomes an instrumental ally in the war against Saruman and Sauron, leading the Rohirrim into the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.

Scholars have compared Théoden to Theodoric, King of the Visigoths, and Théoden's death in the battle to Theodoric's in the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields. He has been contrasted, too, with another protagonist in The Lord of the Rings, Denethor Steward of Gondor; where Denethor is harsh, Théoden is open and welcoming.
Chaumont station
Chaumont station (French: Gare de Chaumont) is a French railway station serving the town Chaumont, Haute-Marne department, eastern France. It is situated on the Paris–Mulhouse railway. The station is served by regional trains towards Paris, Châlons-en-Champagne, Dijon and Vesoul.

Gare de l'Est
The Gare de l'Est (pronounced [ɡaʁ də lɛst]; English: East station), officially Paris-Est, is one of the seven large mainline railway station termini in Paris, France. It is located in the 10th arrondissement, approximately 270 meters southeast from the Gare du Nord, facing the Boulevard de Strasbourg, part of the north–south axis of Paris created by Georges-Eugène Haussmann.

Opened in 1849, it is currently the fifth-busiest of the six main railway stations in Paris before the Gare d'Austerlitz. The Gare de l'Est is the western terminus of the Paris–Strasbourg railway and Paris–Mulhouse railway which then proceeds to Basel, Switzerland.
Pedro Hugo López
Pedro Hugo López (25 October 1927 – 26 October 1959) was a Chilean footballer. He played in two matches for the Chile national football team in 1952. He was also part of Chile's squad for the 1949 South American Championship.

1949 South American Championship
The 1949 South American Championship was the 21st edition of the Copa América, the main national team football competition in South America. It was held in, and won by, Brazil. Paraguay finished as runner-up while Argentina withdrew from the tournament.

This achievement ended a 27-year streak without official titles for the Brazilians. The last one had been in the 1922 South American Championship, also played on Brazilian soil. Jair Rosa Pinto from Brazil was the top scorer of the tournament, with nine goals.
Johan Fredrik Wallenius
Johan Fredrik Wallenius (14 August 1765 – 12 January 1836) was a Finnish physician and botanist.

Wallenius was born in Turku (Åbo) to mathematics professor Martin Johan and Renata Frosterus. He graduated from the Turku Secondary School. He studied medicine at Stockholm and received a medical license in 1785 under Johan Johansson Haartman (1725–1787). He wrote a thesis under Professor Carl Niclas Hellenius on supplementary plant foods for use during years when crops failed in 1782. He practiced medicine at Häme (1786–94) and then at Uusimaa (1794–1800). He became a demonstrator of botany at the Royal Academy of Turku in 1800–1805 after Anders Dahl (1751–1789) where he was to instruct students of medicine on medicinal plants. He later became a secretary of the Finnish Economy Society (Finska Hushållningssällskapet) from 1800 to 1805 and its chairman from 1812 to 1813. He supervised 50 doctoral students, including P. U. F. Sadelin Wallenius died in Turku from dropsy.

Royal Academy of Turku
The Royal Academy of Turku or the Royal Academy of Åbo was the first university in Finland, and the only Finnish university that was founded when the country still was a part of Sweden. It was founded in 1640. In 1809, after Finland became a grand duchy within the Russian Empire, it was renamed the Imperial Academy of Turku. In 1828, after the Great Fire of Turku, the institution was moved to Helsinki, in line with the relocation of the capital of the grand duchy. It was finally renamed the University of Helsinki when Finland declared independence in 1917.
Zhang Ling (rower)
Zhang Ling (Chinese: 张灵; pinyin: Zhāng Líng; born 27 February 1997) is a Chinese rower. She competed in the women's quadruple sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

On 28 July 2021, she and three teammates won the gold medal in women's quadruple sculls at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo with 6:05.13, setting the new WB. It was the second time that China won the Olympic gold medal in the event.

Rowing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's quadruple sculls
The women's quadruple sculls competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 6–11 August at the Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas.

The medals for the competition were presented by Irena Szewińska, Poland, member of the International Olympic Committee, and the gifts were presented by Lenka Wech, Germany, Member of the Executive Committee of the International Rowing Federation.
Electoral district of Murray-Darling
Murray-Darling is a former electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales.

It included Urana Shire, Jerilderie Shire, Berrigan Shire, Murray Shire, Conargo Shire, Deniliquin Council, Wakool Shire, Hay Shire, Balranald Shire, Wentworth Shire, part of Carrathool Shire (including Goolgowi and Merriwagga), Central Darling Shire, the City of Broken Hill and the Unincorporated Far West.

Unincorporated Far West Area
The Unincorporated Far West Area is an unincorporated area in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is one of only two areas in New South Wales that are not part of any local government area (the other is Lord Howe Island). The region includes several small towns including Tibooburra, Milparinka and Silverton. Silverton and Tibooburra have non-government village committees. The region includes some parts of Broken Hill, but not the city centre, which is in the separate City of Broken Hill local government area. It is the only local government area in Australia to have two time zones.

The region has an area of 93,299 square kilometres (36,023 sq mi) which is slightly larger than Hungary and smaller than South Korea.
Texas Department of Family and Protective Services
The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) is responsible for investigating charges of abuse, neglect or exploitation of children, the elderly, and adults with disabilities. Prior to its creation in 2004, the agency had been called the Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services (DPRS).

According to federal judge Janis Graham Jack, the Texas DFPS is "a system where rape, abuse, psychotropic medication, and instability are the norm". According to the Texas Attorney General, DFPS is neither a juvenile nor an adult criminal justice agency. The Texas Juvenile Justice Department is the state juvenile justice agency, while the Texas Department of Criminal Justice is the adult justice agency.

The agency is headquartered at the John H. Winters Human Services Center at 701 West 51st Street in Austin.

Texas Department of Criminal Justice
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) is a department of the government of the U.S. state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails, and private correctional facilities, funding and certain oversight of community supervision, and supervision of offenders released from prison on parole or mandatory supervision. The TDCJ operates the largest prison system in the United States.

The department has its headquarters in the Brad Livingston Administrative Headquarters in Huntsville and offices at the Price Daniel Sr. Building in downtown Austin.
IdeaCentre
The Lenovo IdeaCentre is a line of consumer-oriented desktop computers designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo. The first IdeaCentre desktop, the IdeaCentre K210, was announced by Lenovo on June 30, 2008 as a consumer-focussed alternative to the business-oriented ThinkCentre and ThinkStation brandnames acquired from IBM. While the IdeaCentre line consists entirely of desktops, they share a common design language with the IdeaPad line of laptops and hybrids. One such feature is Veriface facial recognition technology.

All-in-one computer
An all-in-one computer (also called an AIO or all-in-one PC) is a type of personal computer that integrates the computer's main components, such as the CPU, monitor, and speakers, into a single unit. It occupies a smaller footprint than a desktop computer with a tower form factor, and also requires fewer external cables. The display of an all-in-one computer is similar to that of a television set.
Parapiptadenia rigida
Parapiptadenia rigida is a perennial shrub or tree.  It is not a threatened species. It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.  Common names include angico, angico-cedro, angico-do-banhado, angico-dos-montes, angico-verdadeiro, angico-vermelho (in Spanish angico is changed for anchico), guarucaia and  paric.

Parapiptadenia rigida grows from about 18m to 30m in height and it has a straight trunk which has slightly furrowed bark.  The foliage is dark green and the flowers are greenish-yellow 5 cm to 9 cm long. It blooms in the spring.  The seed pods grow 9 cm to 16 cm in length.  The seeds are flat, oval and brown.  It is found along the lengths of rivers.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
Biləv
Biləv (also, Bilyav) is a village and municipality in the Ordubad District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located on the Ordubad-Bist highway, 35 km in the north-west from the district center. Its population is busy with gardening, beekeeping and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, club, library, branch of communications and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 1,203. The remains of material culture of the Bronze and early Iron Age were found from the Bilav village. There are also Necropolis and the bridge with two spans of the medieval ages in village of Bilav.

Ordubad District
Ordubad District (Azerbaijani: Ordubad rayonu) is one of the 7 districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The district borders the district of Julfa, as well as the Syunik Province of Armenia, and the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Ordubad. As at 2020, the district had a population of 50,200.
Oud-Vroenhoven
Oud-Vroenhoven is former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. It merged with Maastricht in 1920.

The municipality covered a large part of the current municipality of Maastricht west of the river Meuse outside the walls of the city. In 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II crossed into the Netherlands at the border crossing at Oud-Vroenhoven.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Stibarsen
Stibarsen or allemontite is a natural form of arsenic antimonide (AsSb) or antimony arsenide (SbAs). The name stibarsen is derived from Latin stibium (antimony) and arsenic, whereas allemontite refers to the locality Allemont in France where the mineral was discovered. It is found in veins at Allemont, Isère, France; Valtellina, Italy; and the Comstock Lode, United States; and in a lithium pegmatites at Varuträsk, Sweden. Stibarsen is often mixed with pure arsenic or antimony, and the original description in 1941 proposed to use stibarsen for AsSb and allemontite for the mixtures. Since 1982, the International Mineralogical Association considers stibarsen as the correct mineral name.

Valtellina
Valtellina or the Valtelline (occasionally spelled as two words in English: Val Telline; Romansh: Vuclina ⓘ; Lombard: Valtelina or Valtulina; German: Veltlin; Italian: Valtellina) is a valley in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, bordering Switzerland. Today it is known for its ski centre, hot spring spas, bresaola, cheeses (in particular Bitto, named after the river Bitto) and wines.  It was a key Alpine pass between northern Italy and Germany. The control of the Valtellina was much sought after, particularly during the Thirty Years' War as it was an important part of the Spanish Road.
Guglielmo della Scala
Guglielmo della Scala (English: William; died 1404)  was  Lord of Verona for the last ten days of his life. He assassinated his father Cangrande II della Scala in 1359, but was edged out of power by his uncle Cansignorio.

In 1404, together with his two sons Brunoro and Antonio II, he led a revolt against the Milanese. He was proclaimed Lord of Verona on 17 April, but was expelled from the city by the populace on 28 April. Francesco da Carrara, Lord of Padua, took over the city a few days later.

By his marriage to Onesta Mortone, Guglielmo left the two aforementioned sons, who never regained power in Verona, and three younger sons: Bartolomeo (died 21 March 1453), Fregnano (died 4 December 1443 at Vienna), Nicodemus, and Paul.

Lords of Padua
The Lords of Padua ruled the city from 1308 until 1405. The commune of Padua became a hereditary one-man lordship (signoria) with the election of Jacopo I da Carrara as capitano del popolo in 1308. His descendants, the Carraresi, ruled the city and its vicinity, with short interruptions, until they were defeated by the Republic of Venice in the War of Padua, which resulted in the annexation of the city by Venice.
Philippe Derose
Philippe Derose (born November 22, 1952) is an American businessman and former politician who was reportedly the first Haitian American elected into public office in the United States. In 1993, he was elected councilman of the village of El Portal in Miami-Dade County, Florida. In 2000, Derose became the first Haitian American mayor when he was elected mayor of El Portal.

He later served as a councilman for North Miami Beach between 2003 - 2013 and serves as the president of his own non-profit organization, the Haitian-American Alliance Youth Foundation.

North Miami Beach, Florida
North Miami Beach (commonly referred to as NMB) is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The City of North Miami Beach is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. Originally named "Fulford-by-the-Sea" in 1926, after Captain William H. Fulford of the U.S. Coast Guard, the city was renamed "North Miami Beach" in 1931. The population was 43,676 at the 2020 US census.
Research strategies of election campaign communication research
Research strategies in the field of election campaign communication research are the decisions made concerning the objective, the scope, the sampling and the methodology used within a study of election campaign communication.

Data collection
Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a research component in all study fields, including physical and social sciences, humanities, and business. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same. The goal for all data collection is to capture evidence that allows data analysis to lead to the formulation of credible answers to the questions that have been posed.

Regardless of the field of or preference for defining data (quantitative or qualitative), accurate data collection is essential to maintain research integrity. The selection of appropriate data collection instruments (existing, modified, or newly developed) and delineated instructions for their correct use reduce the likelihood of errors.
The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2008
The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2008, a volume in The Best American Nonrequired Reading series, was edited by Dave Eggers and introduced by Judy Blume.  The works anthologized are selected by high school students in California and Michigan through 826 Valencia and 826michigan.

826 National
826 National is a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping students, ages 6–18, improve their expository and creative writing skills. The organization's eight chapters include 826 Valencia in San Francisco, 826NYC in Brooklyn, 826LA in Los Angeles, 826CHI in Chicago, 826Michigan (serving Ann Arbor, Detroit, and Ypsilanti), 826 Boston in Boston, 826DC in Washington, DC, 826 New Orleans, and 826MSP.
Minneapolis Keystones
The Minneapolis Keystones was a small club of black baseball players formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, running from approximately 1908 to 1911.

While the Negro National League was not formed until 1920, the Keystones did have many top-notch players, and at least one of them, Hurley McNair would go on to play with the Kansas City Monarchs and several other teams.

Many of the top players of the day who were too old by the time the league was formed, and include William Binga, George Hopkins, Bobby Marshall, and Archie Pate.

Many researchers do not consider the Keystones a "formal" Negro league team. However, like other barnstorming teams of the time, they had considerable impact on the desegregation of baseball. Today, the Keystones are rarely mentioned in Negro baseball history, and stats and rosters are hard to find.

By at least 1911, sources say the team was being managed by Col. Edward F. Mitchell, and the team's address is listed at 1313 Washington Avenue in South Minneapolis.

Bobby Marshall
Robert Wells Marshall (March 12, 1880 – August 27, 1958) was an American sportsman. He was best known for playing football; however, Marshall also competed in baseball, track, boxing, ice hockey and wrestling.
The Swisser
The Swisser is a Caroline era stage play, a tragicomedy written by Arthur Wilson. It was performed by the King's Men in the Blackfriars Theatre in 1631, and is notable for the light in throws on the workings of the premier acting company of its time.

(In seventeenth-century parlance, "Swisser," or "Swizzer" or "Switzer," referred to a Swiss mercenary soldier.)

Though Humphrey Moseley entered the play into the Stationers' Register on 4 September 1646, no edition of the drama was printed in the seventeenth century. The play remained in manuscript until it was published in the early 1900s. The manuscript, now Add. MS. 36,749 in the collection of the British Museum, is in the author's hand.

John Fletcher (playwright)
John Fletcher (December 1579 – August 1625) was an English playwright. Following William Shakespeare as house playwright for the King's Men, he was among the most prolific and influential dramatists of his day; during his lifetime and in the Stuart Restoration, his fame rivalled Shakespeare's. Fletcher collaborated in writing plays, chiefly with Francis Beaumont or Philip Massinger, but also with Shakespeare and others. Although his reputation has subsequently declined, he remains an important transitional figure between the Elizabethan popular tradition and the popular drama of the Restoration.
Black legskate
The black legskate (Indobatis ori) is a species of smooth skate native to the Indian Ocean off of Madagascar and Mozambique. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Indobatis. It inhabits the continental slope at depths of from 1,000 to 1,725 metres (3,280 to 5,660 ft).  This species can reach a length of 21 centimetres (8.3 in).  It is dark-colored, greyish-black or brownish on the dorsum, ventrally lighter.

Continental margin
A continental margin is the outer edge of continental crust abutting oceanic crust under coastal waters. The continental margin consists of three different features: the continental rise, the continental slope, and the continental shelf. It is one of the three major zones of the ocean floor, the other two being deep-ocean basins and mid-ocean ridges. Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area.
Van Braxton
Richard Vance "Van" Braxton was a member of the North Carolina General Assembly from North Carolina's 10th House District, first elected in 2006.  He served as a Kinston City Councilman for eleven years, being first elected in 1994.  He owned and operated Goodyear Tire of Kinston for over twenty-five years, and manages a farm in Greene County.  Braxton also is a member of Queen Street Methodist Church, where he has served as chair of the administrative board and chair of the finance committee.

Van Braxton is a member of PRIDE of Kinston, which works to revitalize Kinston's downtown.  He also serves on the Lenoir County Recreation Board and the Gang Violence Taskforce, and volunteers for the Red Cross.

His wife, Sandra, is a retired guidance counselor at Kinston High School.

Kinston, North Carolina
Kinston is a city in Lenoir County, North Carolina, United States, with a population of 19,900 as of the 2020 census. It has been the county seat of Lenoir County since its formation in 1791. Kinston is located in the coastal plains region of eastern North Carolina.

In 2009, Kinston won the All-America City Award. This marks the second time in 21 years the city has won the title.
Bismarck Tower (Bad Ems)
The Bismarck Tower of Bad Ems on the Lahn in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis of Rhineland-Palatinate was built in honour of the first German Chancellor, Prince Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898). Designed by architect Wilhelm Kreis (1873–1955), the tower stands east of the city centre on the Bismarckhöhe, is twelve and a half meters high, and was inaugurated in 1901.

Tower
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures.

Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building.