hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantum circuit
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, measurements, initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable quantum computation is known as DiVincenzo's criteria.

Circuits are written such that the horizontal axis is time, starting at the left hand side and ending at the right. Horizontal lines are qubits, doubled lines represent classical bits. The items that are connected by these lines are operations performed on the qubits, such as measurements or gates. These lines define the sequence of events, and are usually not physical cables.

The graphical depiction of quantum circuit elements is described using a variant of the Penrose graphical notation. Richard Feynman used an early version of the quantum circuit notation in 1986.

Toffoli gate
In logic circuits, the Toffoli gate, also known as the CCNOT gate ("controlled-controlled-not"), invented by Tommaso Toffoli in 1980 is a CNOT gate with two control bits and one target bit. That is, the target bit (third bit) will be inverted if the first and second bits are both 1. It is a universal reversible logic gate, which means that any classical reversible circuit can be constructed from Toffoli gates. There is also a quantum-computing version where the bits are replaced by qubits.
Dover, Calgary
Dover is a residential neighbourhood in the southeast quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded by 26 Avenue SE to the north, Peigan Trail to the south, 24 Street SE and Deerfoot Trail to the west and 36 Street SE to the east. The Inglewood golf course, developed in the Bow River valley, borders the community to the west.

The community is a part of an group of communities known as the Greater Forest Lawn area, with the term coming from the former town of Forest Lawn which used to exist in the area prior to being annexed by the city of Calgary. Other communities in this area include Forest Lawn, Southview, Penbrooke Meadows, Albert Park/Radisson Heights, and Red Carpet.

The area was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1961, and Dover was established in 1971. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 9 councillor.

The postal code in this area is T2B.

Calgary City Council
The Calgary City Council is the legislative governing body that represents the citizens of Calgary. The council consists of 15 members: the chief elected official, titled the mayor, and 14 councillors. Jeromy Farkas was elected mayor in October 2025 as the city's 38th. The mayor represents the interests of the city as a whole. Each of the 14 councillors represents one of the city's 14 wards.
Moritz Milatz
Moritz Milatz (born 24 June 1982) is a German cross-country mountain biker. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's cross-country at Hadleigh Farm, finishing in 34th place.  Previously, he had finished in 16th place at the 2008 Summer Olympics. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he finished in 28th place.

Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's cross-country
The men's cross-country cycling event at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place at Hadleigh Farm on 12 August.

Fifty cyclists from 32 countries competed. Jaroslav Kulhavý from the Czech Republic won the gold medal, beating Switzerland's Nino Schurter by one second.
Edmund Shea
Edmund Shea (August 15, 1942 – September 17, 2004) was an American photographer based in San Francisco.

Shea's work is featured on book covers, including works by Richard Brautigan and Hunter S. Thompson, and record album covers for music by Fleetwood Mac, Keith Jarrett, Herbie Hancock and Charles Lloyd.

Charles Lloyd (jazz musician)
Charles Lloyd (born March 15, 1938) is an American jazz musician and composer. He primarily plays tenor saxophone and flute and occasionally other reed instruments, including alto saxophone and the Hungarian tárogató. Lloyd's primary band since 2007 has been a quartet including pianist Jason Moran, acoustic bassist Reuben Rogers, and drummer Eric Harland.
Woodburn Circle
Woodburn Circle, also known as WVU Quadrangle, is part of the downtown campus of West Virginia University, located in Morgantown, West Virginia, United States. The circle, in reality a quadrangle grouped around an oval path, is a historic and distinctive architectural assembly of three collegiate buildings, which evolved in the late 19th century. In chronological order these are Martin Hall, Woodburn Hall, and Chitwood Hall. The largest of the buildings, Woodburn Hall, has become the best known and is a symbol of the university.

The circle's Martin Hall is West Virginia University's oldest campus building and was constructed in 1870 as University Hall, and renamed Martin Hall in 1889. The circle's centerpiece, what is now Woodburn Hall, was finished in 1876, under the name New Hall. The circle finally became complete with the addition of Chitwood hall in 1893.

Woodburn Circle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Morgantown, West Virginia
Morgantown is a city in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Monongahela River in north-central West Virginia, it is home to West Virginia University. With a population of 30,347 at the 2020 census, Morgantown is the third-most populous city in West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents. The local economy is largely driven by education and healthcare, anchored by West Virginia University and the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.
Canyon Lullaby
Canyon Lullaby is an album by the American saxophonist Paul Winter, released in 1997. It is the first Paul Winter album made up entirely of solo saxophone improvisations. It is also the first surround sound album to be recorded in the wilderness. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award, in the "Best New Age Album" category.

Solo saxophone
The genre of solo saxophone has a rich, but largely unmapped history in contemporary music, particularly jazz. Many, but not all, musicians who play and record solo saxophone use extended techniques, a vocabulary of the saxophone beyond its normal range. Notable musicians in this field include Kaoru Abe, Anthony Braxton, Peter Brötzmann, John Butcher, Don Dietrich, Eric Dolphy, Brandon Evans, Paul Flaherty, Mats Gustafsson, Coleman Hawkins, Lee Konitz, Steve Lacy, Joe Mcphee, Roscoe Mitchell, Evan Parker, Sonny Rollins, Sam Newsome, Ned Rothenberg, Masayoshi Urabe, Ken Vandermark, Colin Stetson, Jonah Parzen-Johnson and Andre Vida, Gianni Gebbia.
Love and Communication
Love and Communication is a 2022 American drama film written and directed by 
James J. Christy, based on his 2011 stage play of the same name. The film premiered in competition at the Arizona International Film Festival, and was distributed internationally through Studio Dome.
The cast includes Lev Gorn, Briana Evigan, Ryan Kennedy, Ellen Adair, and Nikkole Salter.

Love and Communication follows a young couple navigating the challenges of raising a son recently diagnosed with autism. As they become embroiled in a battle with their school district over his education, the tension begins to take a toll on their marriage.

Arizona International Film Festival
The Arizona International Film Festival is the oldest and longest running independent film festival in Arizona. Taking place yearly, film programs include a mix of shorts, children's films, feature-length films, documentaries and animation films.  The festival is also a Film Festival Grant Recipient of The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Camp Clover Ranger Station
The Camp Clover Ranger Station, about two miles west of Williams, Arizona, was built in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps.  It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for its architecture.  It was designed by the USDA Forest Service in Bungalow/Craftsman style.  It served historically as institutional housing and government office space.

The listing included five contributing buildings (an office, a residence, a barn/garage, a shed, and a one-car garage), and one contributing structure (a corral) on 3 acres (1.2 ha).

National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories
In the United States, the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture.  Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System (NRIS) database.   Other properties are given a custom architectural description with "vernacular" or other qualifiers, and others have no style classification.  Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here, or they fit into more specialized subcategories.
Etzioni
Etzioni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amitai Etzioni (born 1929), Israeli-American sociologist

Danny Etzioni (born 1959), Israeli footballer

Marvin Etzioni, American singer, mandolinist, bassist and record producer

Oren Etzioni (born 1964), American computer scientist and entrepreneur

Ruth Etzioni, biostatistician

Other:

Etzioni Brigade, Israeli infantry brigade

Ruth Etzioni
Ruth D. Etzioni is a biostatistician who develops statistical computer models to research cancer progression. She is the Rosalie and Harold Rea Brown endowed chair at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Bill Sutton (New Zealand politician)
William David Sutton (24 August 1944 – 6 December 2025) was New Zealand politician of the Labour Party. He was Member of Parliament for Hawkes Bay from 1984 to 1990, and later served as a Hawke's Bay Regional Councillor for one term, from 1992 to 1995.

Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bay (Māori: Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The region is named after Hawke Bay, which was named in honour of Edward Hawke. The region's main centres are the cities of Napier and Hastings, while the more rural parts of the region are served by the towns of Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Wairoa.
Kelvin–Helmholtz instability
The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (after Lord Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz) is a fluid instability that occurs when there is velocity shear in a single continuous fluid or a velocity difference across the interface between two fluids. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are visible in the atmospheres of planets and moons, such as in cloud formations on Earth or the Red Spot on Jupiter, and the atmosphere of the Sun.

Great Red Spot
22°S 55°W﻿ / ﻿22°S 55°W﻿ / -22; -55

The Great Red Spot is a persistent, high-pressure region in the atmosphere of the planet Jupiter, producing the largest anticyclonic storm in the Solar System. It is the most recognizable feature on Jupiter, owing to its red-orange color whose origin is still unknown. Located 22 degrees south of Jupiter's equator, it produces wind-speeds up to 432 km/h (268 mph). It was first observed in September 1831, with 60 recorded observations between then and 1878, when continuous observations began. A similar spot was observed from 1665 to 1713; if this is the same storm, it has existed for at least 361 years, but a study from 2024 suggests this is not the case.
Peter B. Lowry
Peter B. Lowry (April 1, 1941 – June 29, 2022) was an American folklorist, writer, record producer, ethnomusicologist, historian, photographer, forensic musicologist, and teacher who dealt with aspects of popular music, mainly African-American.

Born in Montclair, New Jersey, he attended Deerfield Academy, and then Princeton University, where he specialized in the biological sciences. Teaching biology for a few years after obtaining a Master's in zoology, he changed his focus to blues and jazz with a primary focus on the Piedmont blues of the south-eastern United States.  He wrote extensively on blues and jazz music, founded Trix Records, and moved to live in Australia in later life.

Montclair, New Jersey
Montclair is a township in Essex County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Situated on the cliffs of the Watchung Mountains, Montclair is a commercial and cultural hub of North Jersey and a diverse bedroom community of New York City within the New York metropolitan area. The township is home to Montclair State University, the state's second-largest university.

As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 40,921, an increase of 3,252 (+8.6%) from the 2010 census count of 37,669, which in turn reflected a decline of 1,308 (−3.4%) from the 38,977 counted in the 2000 census. As of 2010, it was the 60th-most-populous municipality in New Jersey.
Edith Lenora Foster
Edith Lenora Foster (March 6, 1906 – August 18, 1996) was an American librarian, educator, historian, and author who played a pivotal role in the development of rural library systems in Georgia. Foster worked as an English teacher before earning a master’s degree in Librarianship from Emory University in 1944. She founded the multi-county West Georgia Regional Library System which later became a national model.

Foster was a pioneer in mobile library services, designing west Georgia’s first bookmobile in 1946. Over her 32-year tenure as director, she expanded the system to include eight branches and over 190,000 volumes. She authored poetry, local histories, and professional manuals, and contributed to newspapers and journals. Foster received numerous accolades, including recognition from United States president Gerald Ford. She was inducted into the Georgia Women of Achievement in 2007.

Georgia Women of Achievement
The Georgia Women of Achievement (GWA) recognizes women natives or residents of the U.S. state of Georgia for their significant achievements or statewide contributions. The concept was first proposed by Rosalynn Carter in 1988. The first induction was in 1992 at Wesleyan College, and has continued annually. The induction ceremonies are held each year during March, designated as Women's History Month. The organization consists of a Board of Trustees and a Board of Selections. Nominees must have been dead no less than ten years. Georgians, or those associated with Georgia, are selected based on the individual's impact on society.  Nominations are proposed through documentation and an online nomination form, and must be submitted prior to October of any given year. GWA has traveling exhibits and speakers available upon request.
Oxytocin (medication)
Synthetic oxytocin, sold under the brand name Pitocin among others, is a medication made from the peptide oxytocin. As a medication, it is used to cause contraction of the uterus to start labor, increase the speed of labor, and to stop bleeding following delivery. For this purpose, it is given by injection either into a muscle or into a vein.

Oxytocin is also available in intranasal spray form for psychiatric, endocrine and weight management use as a supplement. Intranasal oxytocin works on a different pathway than injected oxytocin, primarily along the olfactory nerve crossing the blood–brain barrier to the olfactory lobe in the brain, where dense magnocellular oxytocin neurons receive the nerve impulse quickly.

The natural occurrence of oxytocin was discovered in 1906. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Magnocellular cell
Magnocellular cells, also called M-cells, are neurons located within the magnocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.  The cells are part of the visual system.  They are termed "magnocellular" since they are characterized by their relatively large size compared to parvocellular cells.
Aurélie Bailon
Aurélie Bailon (born 16 January 1987) is a French female rugby union player, who played as Fly-half. She represented France at the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup. France lost to the Black Ferns in the semi-finals.  She returned from injury to play in the 2013 Women's Six Nations Championship match against Ireland.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Shefita
Rotem Shefy (Hebrew: רותם שפי; born 22 September 1984), also known by her stage name Shefita (Hebrew: שֵׁפִיטָה), is an Israeli singer and voice actress. As Shefita, Shefy portrays an Arab diva, who has risen to fame by producing cover versions to famous rock songs like Radiohead's "Karma Police" and Nirvana's "Lithium". Her cover renditions have an Arabic musical influence.

Shefita was a contestant on Israel's Rising Star television show, in its 6th season, and competed to represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019. She came in at 3rd place in show's season final which aired on February 12, 2019.

Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
Israel was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 with the song "Home", written by Ohad Shragai and Inbar Weitzman, and performed by Kobi Marimi. The Israeli participating broadcaster, the Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation (IPBC/Kan), organised the reality singing competition HaKokhav HaBa L'Eirovizion ("The Next Star for Eurovision"), in collaboration with the commercial broadcaster Keshet and Tedy Productions, to select its performer for the contest, while the song "Home" was internally selected. In addition, Kan was also the host broadcaster and staged the event at Expo Tel Aviv in Tel Aviv, after winning the previous edition with the song "Toy" performed by Netta.
2021 Nigerien coup attempt
The 2021 Nigerien coup d'etat attempt occurred on 31 March at around 3 am WAT (2 am UTC) after gunfire erupted in the streets of Niamey, the capital of Niger, two days before the inauguration of president-elect Mohamed Bazoum.

The coup attempt was staged by elements within the military, and was attributed to an Air Force unit based in the area of the Niamey Airport. The alleged leader of the plot was Captain Sani Saley Gourouza, who was in charge of security at the unit's base. After the coup attempt was foiled, the perpetrators were arrested.

Diori Hamani International Airport
Diori Hamani International Airport (IATA: NIM, ICAO: DRRN) is an airport in Niamey, the capital of Niger. It is located 9 km (5.6 mi) from Niamey in the south-eastern suburbs of the city, along the Route Nationale 1, the major highway linking Niamey with the east of the nation. The airport complex also includes the major base for the Armed Forces of Niger's "Armee d'Air".
Mighty Servant 3
Mighty Servant 3 is a 27,000-ton semi-submersible heavy lift ship. Its deck is 40 by 140 m (130 by 460 ft). The vessel was built in 1984 by Oshima Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. in Ōshima, Japan, for Dutch shipping firm Wijsmuller Transport, which merged in 1993 with Dock Express Shipping to become Breda-based offshore heavy lifting group Dockwise Shipping B.V.

Ōshima, Nagasaki (Nishisonogi)
Ōshima (大島町, Ōshima-chō) was a town located in Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,046 and a density of 453.56 persons per km2. The total area was 13.33 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Ōshima, along with the towns of Saikai (former), Ōseto, Sakito and Seihi (all from Nishisonogi District), was merged to create the city of Saikai.
Hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase ((2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific)
Hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase ((2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific) (EC 2.5.1.83, HexPS, hexaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase, hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase (adding 3 isopentenyl units). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 3 isopentenyl diphosphate  3 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate

The enzyme prefers farnesyl diphosphate to geranylgeranyl diphosphate as an allylic substrate.

Allyl group
In organic chemistry, an allyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH2−HC=CH2. It consists of a methylene bridge (−CH2−) attached to a vinyl group (−CH=CH2). The name is derived from the scientific name for garlic, Allium sativum. In 1844, Theodor Wertheim isolated an allyl derivative from garlic oil and named it "Schwefelallyl". The term allyl applies to many compounds related to H2C=CH−CH2, some of which are of practical or of everyday importance, for example, allyl chloride.

Allylation is any chemical reaction that adds an allyl group to a substrate.
Quick Brown Fox and Rapid Rabbit
Quick Brown Fox and Rapid Rabbit were a pair of Warner Bros. cartoon characters, created by Robert McKimson, who appeared in only one cartoon, Rabbit Stew and Rabbits Too! Future cartoons featuring the characters were planned, but were cancelled following the shutdown of Warner Bros.-Seven Arts Animation on October 10, 1969.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
2-Iodoxybenzoic acid
2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) is an organic compound used in organic synthesis as an oxidizing agent. This periodinane is especially suited to oxidize alcohols to aldehydes. IBX is most often prepared from 2-iodobenzoic acid and a strong oxidant such as potassium bromate and sulfuric acid, or more commonly, oxone. One of the main drawbacks of IBX is its limited solubility; IBX is insoluble in many common organic solvents. IBX is an impact- and heat-sensitive explosive (>200°C). Commercial IBX is stabilized by carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and isophthalic acid.

Isophthalic acid
Isophthalic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2H)2.  It is a white solid that is very poorly soluble in water (0.012 g/100 mL at room temperature). The main industrial uses of purified isophthalic acid (PIA) are as a comonomer in the production of polyethylene terephthalate  (PET) resin and for the production of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and other types of coating resins.