hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Puerto Rico State Guard
The Puerto Rico State Guard (PRSG; Spanish: Guardia Estatal de Puerto Rico) is the state defense force of Puerto Rico that operates under the sole authority of the governor of Puerto Rico who, in turn, delegates such authority to the Puerto Rico Adjutant General. The Guard's secondary purpose is to assume the state mission of the Puerto Rico National Guard in the event that the National Guard is mobilized. The first incarnation of the PRSG was created in 1942 in response to World War II and it disbanded in 1946. The PRSG was revived in 1971 and has remained in continuous existence since then. It is one of the few state defense forces of the United States that has an air division.

Mobilization
Mobilization (alternatively spelled as mobilisation) is the act of assembling and readying military troops and supplies for war. The word mobilization was first used in a military context in the 1850s to describe the preparation of the Prussian Army. Mobilization theories and tactics have continuously changed since then. The opposite of mobilization is demobilization.

Mobilization institutionalized the Levée en masse (engl. mass levy of conscripts) that was first introduced during the French Revolution. It became an issue with the introduction of conscription, and the introduction of the railways in the 19th century.

A number of technological and societal changes promoted the move towards a more organized way of deployment. These included the telegraph to provide rapid communication, the railways to provide rapid movement and concentration of troops, and conscription to provide a trained reserve of soldiers in case of war.
Brande
Brande is a railway town with a population of 7,394 (1 January 2025) located at the railroad between Vejle and Herning in Ikast-Brande Municipality in Region Midtjylland in the central area of the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.

Until 1 January 2007 it was the seat of the municipal-council of Brande Municipality.

Brande is the home of leading wind energy pioneer Bonus Energy A/S, now Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy.

Brande is also home to Danish clothing companies Bestseller A/S and BTX Group.

Central Denmark Region
The Central Denmark Region (Danish: Region Midtjylland), or more directly translated as the Central Jutland Region and sometimes simply Mid-Jutland, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform. The reform abolished the traditional counties (amter) and replaced them with five new administrative regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the total number of municipalities from 271 to 98. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favour of the local level and the national government in Copenhagen. The Central Denmark Region comprises 19 municipalities.
San José Airport (Guatemala)
San José Airport (IATA: GSJ, ICAO: MGSJ) (Aeropuerto de Puerto San José, Escuintla) serves the city of Puerto San José, the resort town of Monterrico, the port of Puerto Quetzal and the eastern Guatemalan Pacific coast. It is operated and administrated by DGAC - Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil de Guatemala. San José Airport is in the western part of the city of Puerto San José, near the Pacific coast.

Monterrico, Guatemala
The town of Monterrico is situated on the Pacific coast of Guatemala in the department of Santa Rosa.  Known for its volcanic black sand beaches and annual influx of sea turtles, the town also serves as a major weekend beach resort for citizens of Guatemala City.  The town is growing more popular with foreign tourists largely because of the local sea turtle conservation efforts as well as the laid-back atmosphere of the area.
Scarred (TV series)
Scarred is a television program that debuted on MTV on April 10, 2007. On each episode of Scarred, several real-life risk-takers share the stories of how they were scarred or injured while attempting dangerous stunts primarily on skateboards, but occasionally on in-line skates, skis, snowboards, and bikes.

Skateboard
A skateboard is a type of sports equipment used for skateboarding. It is usually made of a specially designed 7–8-ply maple plywood deck and has polyurethane wheels attached to the underside by a pair of skateboarding trucks.

The skateboard moves by pushing with one foot while the other foot remains balanced on the board, or by pumping one's legs in structures such as a bowl or half pipe. A skateboard can also be used by standing on the deck while on a downward slope and allowing gravity to propel the board and the rider. If the rider's leading foot is their left foot, they are said to ride "regular". Conversely, they are said to ride "goofy" if their leading foot is their right foot.

The two main types of skateboards are the longboard and shortboard. The shape of the board is also important: the skateboard must be concaved to perform tricks.
Fonte, Veneto
Fonte is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Treviso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,731 and an area of 14.6 km2 (5.6 sq mi).

Fonte borders the following municipalities: Asolo, Crespano del Grappa, Pieve del Grappa, Riese Pio X, San Zenone degli Ezzelini.

Asolo
Asolo (Italian: [ˈaːzolo]; Venetian: Àxol) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy.  It is known as "The Pearl of the province of Treviso", and also as "The City of a Hundred Horizons" for its mountain settings. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Its frazioni (boroughs or hamlets) include Casella, Pagnano and Villa d'Asolo.
HMS Thrasher
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Thrasher:

HMS Thrasher (1804) was a 12-gun brig, previously the mercantile Adamant, built in 1804, and purchased that year by the navy. She was sold in 1814 and wrecked in 1815.

HMS Thrasher (1856) was a wood screw gunboat of the Albacore class. She was built in 1856 and sold in 1883.

HMS Thrasher (1895) was a B-class torpedo boat destroyer, completed in 1895. She served in the First World War, and was sold in 1919.

HMS Thrasher (N37) was a T-class submarine.  She  was launched in 1940 and served in the Second World War. She was broken up in 1947.

Albacore-class gunboat (1855)
The Albacore-class gunboat, also known as "Crimean gunboat", was a class of 98 gunboats built for the Royal Navy in 1855 and 1856 for use in the 1853-1856 Crimean War. The design of the class, by W. H. Walker, was approved on 18 April 1855. The first vessels were ordered the same day, and 48 were on order by July; a second batch, which included Surly, were ordered in early October.
Iñaki Antigüedad
Iñaki Antigüedad Auzmendi (born 1955, Bilbao) is a Basque geologist and politician. He is professor of hydrogeology at the University of the Basque Country, and leader of Amaiur.

Following the strong performance of Amaiur in the 2011 Spanish general election, Antigüedad is leading a campaign to hold a referendum on Basque independence.

Basque Country independence
Basque independence refers to the political movement seeking full sovereignty for the Basque Country from Spain and France. According to the latest public opinion survey conducted by the Basque Government in November 2024, 19% of respondents expressed support for independence, while 43% were opposed, and 33% stated that their position would depend on the circumstances.
Beef Manhattan
Beef Manhattan is a Midwestern American dish consisting of roast beef and  gravy.  It is often served with mashed potatoes either on top of the steak or on the side. A variation on this dish is Turkey Manhattan, which substitutes turkey for the roast beef. The dish is named after Manhattan.

The dish was first served in a restaurant under the name "Beef Manhattan" in a now-defunct Indianapolis deli in the late 1940s where it gained traction as a Hoosier staple. The dish was named by Naval Ordnance Plant, Indianapolis (NOPI) workers who were trained on a fabrication of the Norden bombsight in Manhattan during World War II. They enjoyed the open-faced sandwich they had in Manhattan and brought it back to their cafeteria as the "Beef Manhattan."  In Indiana, it is served on bread. The roast beef is sliced and put on the bread like a sandwich, then cut corner to corner and plated in a V shape. Mashed potatoes are served between the two halves, and the whole is covered in gravy.

Gravy
Gravy is a sauce made from the juices of meats and vegetables that run naturally during cooking and often thickened with thickeners for added texture. The gravy may be further coloured and flavoured with gravy salt (a mix of salt and caramel food colouring) or gravy browning (gravy salt dissolved in water) or bouillon cubes. Powders can be used as a substitute for natural meat or vegetable extracts. Canned and instant gravies are also available. Gravy is commonly served with roasts, meatloaf, sandwiches, rice, noodles, fries (chips), mashed potatoes, or biscuits (North America; see biscuits and gravy).
Ruthenium pentacarbonyl
Ruthenium pentacarbonyl is the ruthenium compound with the formula Ru(CO)5.  It is a colorless, light-sensitive liquid that readily decarbonylates upon standing at room temperature.  It is of academic interest as an intermediate for the synthesis of metal carbonyl complexes.

Decarbonylation
In chemistry, decarbonylation is a type of organic reaction that involves the loss of carbon monoxide (CO).  It is often an undesirable reaction, since it represents a degradation.  In the chemistry of metal carbonyls, decarbonylation describes a substitution process, whereby a CO ligand is replaced by another ligand.
GOST
GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) refers to a set of international technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples ranging from charting rules for design documentation to recipes and nutritional facts of Soviet-era brand names. The latter have become generic, but may only be sold under the label if the technical standard is followed, or renamed if they are reformulated.

International standard
An international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide. The most prominent such organization is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Other prominent international standards organizations including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Together, these three organizations have formed the World Standards Cooperation alliance.
Bansberia
Bansberia is a small town and a municipality of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is about 45 km (28 mi) away from Kolkata, at the western end of the Iswar Gupta Setu (Kalyani-Bansberia) Bridge. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Bans Beria railway station is 4 km from Bandel Junction on the Bandel-Katwa Line. The area covered by two police stations — Chinsurah (ward no. 1–4) and Mogra (ward no. 5–22). The part of Chinsurah Police Station governed by Chandannagar Police Commissionerate and Mogra Police Station governed by Hooghly Rural Police District. Kartik Puja is the famous festival of Bansberia. Bansberia also famous for its Kumbh Mela.

Chandannagar Police Commissionerate
Chandannagar Police Commissionerate established on 30 June 2017, is a police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within certain urban parts of Hooghly district. The Commissionerate is part of the West Bengal Police, and is under the administrative control of Home Ministry of West Bengal. It was formed after bifurcation of the Hooghly Police District, and has nine police stations under its jurisdiction. It was established by Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister of West Bengal on 30 June 2017.
Geum
Geum /ˈdʒiːəm/, (Latinized Greek for "taste" referencing the roots of the plant) commonly called avens, is a genus of about 50 species of rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plants in the rose family and its subfamily Rosoideae which are widely distributed across Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa, and New Zealand. They are closely related to Potentilla and Fragaria. From a basal rosette of leaves, they produce flowers on wiry stalks, in shades of white, red, yellow, and orange, in midsummer. Geum species are evergreen except where winter temperatures drop below 0 °F (−18 °C). The cultivar 'Mrs J. Bradshaw' (with orange flowers) has the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Geum species are used as food by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the grizzled skipper.

The UK National Collection of geums is held at Brickwall Cottage Garden and Nursery in Frittenden, Kent.

Pyrgus
Pyrgus is a genus in the skippers butterfly family, Hesperiidae, known as the grizzled skippers. The name "checkered" or "chequered skipper" may also be applied to some species, but also refers to species in the genera Burnsius and Carterocephalus. They occur in the Holarctic with an additional group of species extending to the Neotropic.

In 2019, most of the species of Pyrgus found in the North, Central, or South America were moved to the genera Burnsius, Chirgus, and Heliopetes. The remaining Pyrgus species found in the New World are Pyrgus centaureae, ruralis, scriptura, and xanthus.
Sphincterochila zonata zonata
Sphincterochila zonata zonata is a subspecies of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Sphincterochilidae.

This species lives in deserts in Israel and Egypt.

Helix boissieri is the type species of the genus Sphincterochila. The type species was subsequently designated by Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1895.  It is named after botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier.

Sphincterochila zonata zonata lives in the Negev desert (Israel), and the Sinai desert in the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt).

Wagner's gerbil
Wagner's gerbil (Dipodillus dasyurus) is a gerbil that is native mainly to the Nile Delta, Israel, the Sinai, Syria, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. It also referred to as the rough-tailed dipodil or Wadi Hof gerbil.  They are solo, burrowing mammals that are nocturnally active.
WMVX (AM)
WMVX (1110 kHz; "Valley 98.9") is an AM radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Established in 1977 as WVNH, the station is licensed to serve Salem, New Hampshire, United States, and is owned by Costa-Eagle Radio Ventures LTD. Ptp., a partnership between Pat Costa and his chief investor, The Eagle-Tribune. The station's programming is also heard on translator station W255DA (98.9 FM) in Salem.

WMVX is only licensed to operate from local sunrise until 30 minutes after local sunset (the latter with reduced power); this is to protect WBT in Charlotte, North Carolina.  However, in the fall and winter months, it is not unusual for WMVX to be heard before sunrise.

Pre-sunrise and post-sunset authorization
In USA AM broadcasting, presunrise authorization (PSRA) and postsunset authorization (PSSA) are permission from the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in AM on mediumwave using a power level higher than what would normally be permitted prior to sunrise/after sunset, or in the latter case, provide Class D stations with service into the evening where they would otherwise be required to sign off.  Sunrise and sunset times are provided on the licensee's basic instrument of authorization.

The power level for both PSRA and PSSA service cannot exceed 500 watts.  Power calculations are based on co-channel stations.
Radio Orpheus
Radio Orfey (Russian: Радио Орфей) ("Radio Orpheus") is a Russian radio station broadcasting classical music from studios in Moscow. Its programmes – which are broadcast on FM from transmitters in Moscow (99.2 MHz), Saint Petersburg (97.6 MHz), Yekaterinburg (69.92 MHz), Volgograd (87.5 MHz), Perm (93.5 MHz), Lipetsk (96.1 MHz), Tula (92.1 MHz), Kurgan (106.0 MHz), and Smolensk (104.3 MHz) – are also streamed on the Internet.

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.
Pigsty (film)
Pigsty (Italian: Porcile) is a 1969 Italian film written and directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini starring Jean-Pierre Léaud, Marco Ferreri, Ugo Tognazzi, Pierre Clémenti, Alberto Lionello, Franco Citti and Anne Wiazemsky.

The Criterion Collection's website states "Provocateur Pier Paolo Pasolini is at his most incendiary in this double-edged allegory on fascism, consumerism, and resistance. .... these stories of transgression form a scathing commentary on postwar European moral rot and the meaning of rebellion in the face of a corrupt world."

Anne Wiazemsky
Anne Wiazemsky (14 May 1947 – 5 October 2017) was a French actress and novelist. She made her cinema debut at the age of 18, playing Marie, the lead character in Robert Bresson's Au hasard Balthazar (1966). A year later she married the director Jean-Luc Godard and appeared in several of his films, including La Chinoise (1967), Week End (1967), and One Plus One (1968).

Her maternal grandfather was the novelist and dramatist François Mauriac.
North Fork Merced River
The North Fork Merced River is a tributary of the Merced River in Mariposa County, California. The river originates in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in the Stanislaus National Forest and flows generally south through a canyon to join the Merced River near Bagby.

Stanislaus National Forest
Stanislaus National Forest is a U.S. national forest which manages 898,099 acres (1,403.3 sq mi; 3,634.5 km2) of land in four counties in the Sierra Nevada in Northern California. It was established on February 22, 1897, making it one of the oldest national forests. It was named after the Stanislaus River.
Fiesch
Fiesch is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.  Nearby Fiescheralp is administered by Fiesch and is accessible by the Eggishorn lift.

It has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site for its view of the Jungfrau-Aletsch Protected Area.

Paragliding
Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of  flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. The pilot sits in a harness or in a cocoon-like 'pod' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.

Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to five hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. By skillful exploitation of sources of lift, the pilot may gain height, often climbing to altitudes of a few thousand metres.
Tauber Franconia
The region of Tauber Franconia (German: Tauberfranken) is a part of the region of Franconia, most of which lies in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Tauber Franconia is almost coextensive with the county of Main-Tauber-Kreis, which is bisected by the River Tauber, but a small part also belongs to the Bavarian county of Würzburg. The upper reaches of the Tauber flow through 13 villages in seven municipalities in the county of Ansbach, including the well known town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. The source of the Tauber is in the county of Schwäbisch Hall. The most important towns in Tauber Franconia are Wertheim am Main, Tauberbischofsheim, Lauda-Königshofen and Bad Mergentheim on the Baden-Württemberg side, and Röttingen on the Bavarian side.

Lauda-Königshofen
Lauda-Königshofen (German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊda ˌkøːnɪçsˈhoːfn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Main-Tauber district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the river Tauber, 7 km southeast of Tauberbischofsheim, and 30 km southwest of Würzburg. Most of the roughly 300 houses in the traditional village of Königshofen date to between the 16th century and mid-19th century, and it is known for the 500+ year-old Königshöfer Messe, an annual festival that attracts 150,000 people over the 10-day festival. Lauda station is at a junction of the Franconia Railway and the Tauber Valley Railway.
Cambarus pecki
Cambarus pecki (formerly Procambarus pecki), sometimes called the phantom cave crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Alabama where it is found in three unconnected caves in the Tennessee River drainage in Colbert County, Lauderdale County, and Morgan County.

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Osbert de Bayeux
Osbert de Bayeux (floruit 1121 to 1184) was a medieval English cleric and archdeacon in the Diocese of York. A relative of Thurstan, the Archbishop of York, Osbert probably owed his ecclesiastical positions to this relative. After Thurstan's death, Osbert was opposed to one of the candidates for the archbishopric, William fitzHerbert, and worked to secure fitzHerbert's deposition and replacement by Henry Murdac.

After Murdac's death in 1153, Osbert tried to prevent the return of fitzHerbert, but these attempts were unsuccessful. When fitzHerbert died suddenly in 1154, Osbert was accused of murdering the newly returned archbishop. Although he was never convicted of the murder in either a secular or an ecclesiastical court, he was stripped of his clerical status and became a layman before 1158. He died after 1184, perhaps even after 1194.

Diocese of York
The Diocese of York is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. It covers the city of York, the eastern part of North Yorkshire, and most of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

The diocese is headed by the archbishop of York and its cathedral is York Minster. The diocese is divided into three archdeaconries of Cleveland in the north (with a Bishop of Whitby), the East Riding (with a Bishop of Hull), and in the south-west the Archdeaconry of York (with a bishop of Selby).

The diocese was once much larger, covering Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire and parts of Northumberland, Lancashire, Cumberland and Westmorland.