hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finite field arithmetic
In mathematics, finite field arithmetic is arithmetic in a finite field (a field containing a finite number of elements) contrary to arithmetic in a field with an infinite number of elements, like the field of rational numbers.

There are infinitely many different finite fields. Their number of elements is necessarily of the form pn where p is a prime number and n is a positive integer, and two finite fields of the same size are isomorphic. The prime p is called the characteristic of the field, and the positive integer n is called the dimension of the field over its prime field.

Finite fields are used in a variety of applications, including in classical coding theory in linear block codes such as BCH codes and Reed–Solomon error correction, in cryptography algorithms such as the Rijndael (AES) encryption algorithm, in tournament scheduling, and in the design of experiments.

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
Vladeck
Vladeck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Baruch Charney Vladeck (1886–1938), American labor leader and politician

David Vladeck (born 1951), American civil servant

Judith Vladeck (1923–2007), American lawyer

Stephen Vladeck (born (1979), American professor of law

Steve Vladeck
Stephen Isaiah Vladeck (born September 26, 1979) is an American legal scholar. He is a professor at the Georgetown University Law Center, where he specializes in the federal courts, constitutional law, national security law, and military justice, especially with relation to the prosecution of war crimes. Vladeck has commented on the legality of the United States' use of extrajudicial detention and torture, and is a regular contributor to CNN.
Portrait of a Young Merchant
Portrait of a Young Merchant is an oil on oak painting completed in 1541 by German painter, Hans Holbein the Younger, now in the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. It depicts an unidentified young man against a blue-grey background.

Panel painting
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel of wood, either a single piece or a number of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the more popular support medium in the 16th century, panel painting was the normal method, when not painting directly onto a wall (fresco) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts). Wood panels were also used for mounting vellum paintings.
The Fosters season 2
The second season of The Fosters premiered on June 16, 2014 and ended on March 23, 2015. The season consisted of 21 episodes and stars Teri Polo and Sherri Saum as Stef Foster and Lena Adams, an interracial lesbian couple, who foster a girl (Maia Mitchell) and her younger brother (Hayden Byerly) while also trying to juggle raising Latino twin teenagers (Cierra Ramirez and Jake T. Austin) and Stef's biological son (David Lambert).

Teri Polo
Theresa Elizabeth Polo (born June 1, 1969) is an American actress. She starred as Pamela Martha Focker in the Meet the Parents franchise, Helen Santos in The West Wing, Christine Daaé in Phantom of the Opera (1990), and played the role of police officer Stef Adams Foster in the Freeform series The Fosters (2013–2018) and its spinoff Good Trouble (2019–2024).
Treis Gefyres
Treis Gefyres (Greek: Τρεις Γέφυρες pronounced [tɾis ˈʝe.fi.ɾes]) meaning 'Three bridges' is a neighborhood in the center of Athens, Greece. It is located in north-west of the centre (Syntagma square) of Athens, in the point where the railways meets Cephissus river. It borders with Kato Patissia and Peristeri. Its name derived from the bridges that located in this point (the Greek word gefyra means bridge).

Rail transport in Greece
Rail transport in Greece has a history which began in 1869, with the completion of the then Athens & Piraeus Railway. From the 1880s to the 1920s, the majority of the network was built, reaching its heyday in 1940. From the 1950s onward, the railway system entered a period of decline, culminating in service cuts in 2011. Ever since the 1990s, the network has been steadily modernized, but still remains smaller than its peak length. The operation of the Greek railway network is split between the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE), which owns and maintains the rail infrastructure; GAIAOSE, which owns the building infrastructure (including stations) and the former OSE rolling stock, Hellenic Train; and other private companies that run the trains on the network. Greece is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Greece is 73.
Craig Farmstead
Craig Farmstead is a historic home and farm located near Gastonia, Gaston County, North Carolina.  The William Moore Craig House was built about 1852, and is a one-story, single pile, two-room hewn- and sawn-frame house. The William Newton Craig House was built in 1886, and is a two-story, single pile Italianate style frame dwelling.  Also on the property are the contributing privy (c. 1900-1910), meat / well house (c. 1900-1910), frame barn (c. 1890-1910), rectangular log pen barn (c. 1852-1860), and corn crib (c. 1900-1910).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Gaston County, North Carolina
Gaston County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 227,943. The county seat is Gastonia. Dallas served as the original county seat from 1846 until 1911.

Gaston County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,805,115 in 2023. The county is located in the southern Piedmont region.

Of North Carolina's 100 counties, Gaston County ranks 74th in size, consisting of approximately 364 square miles (940 km2), and is tenth in population. The county has fifteen incorporated towns. In addition to fifteen incorporated towns and cities, there are several unincorporated communities such as Hardin, Lucia, Crowders Mountain, Sunnyside, Alexis, Tryon, and North Belmont.
Carville railway station
Carville was a railway station on the Riverside Branch, which ran between Byker and Willington Quay. The station served Wallsend in North Tyneside.

The station was opened to passengers on 1 August 1891 by the North Eastern Railway. It was situated near to the junction of Hadrian Road and Park Road.

Despite the station's close proximity to nearby Wallsend, Carville was the busiest station on the Riverside Branch prior to the line's closure.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Pat Entrican
Alexander Robert Entrican CBE (28 January 1898 – 21 April 1965), commonly known as Pat Entrican, was a New Zealand civil engineer and forestry administrator. He was born in Devonport, Auckland, New Zealand, on 28 January 1898.

In 1953, Entrican was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal. In the 1955 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

Devonport, New Zealand
Devonport (/ˈdɛvənpɔːrt/ DEV-ən-port) is a harbourside suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is located on the North Shore, at the southern end of the Devonport Peninsula that runs southeast from near Lake Pupuke in Takapuna, forming the northern side of the Waitematā Harbour. East of Devonport lies North Head, the northern promontory guarding the mouth of the harbour.

The suburb hosts the Devonport Naval Base of the Royal New Zealand Navy, the main facility for the country's naval vessels, but is also known for its harbourside dining and drinking establishments and its heritage charm. Devonport has been compared to Sausalito, California, US due to its setting and scenery.
2022 World Wheelchair Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2022 World Wheelchair Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from April 30 to May 5 at the Kisakallio Sports Institute in Lohja, Finland. It was the first time the World Wheelchair Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was ever held.

Sabina Johansson and Marcus Holm of Sweden beat Rita Sárai and Viktor Beke of Hungary in the final and won the first ever World Wheelchair Mixed Doubles title. Rikke Iversen and Rune Lorentsen of Norway took home the bronze medals after they defeated Orietta Bertò and Paolo Ioratti of Italy in the bronze medal game.

Marcus Holm
Marcus Holm (born 5 December 1973) is a Swedish curling player, and is paraplegic.

Holm started at the Paralympics where he was a crosscountry skier, in Lillehammer 1994.

After participating in skiing, Holm then had a successful ice sledge hockey career, where he represented Sweden at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver. This was his fifth Winter Paralympics; he also took part in 1998 and 2002, where Sweden took bronze both times, and at the 2006 Winter Paralympics. He also has two World Championships medals; bronze from the 2000 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships and 2004 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships. He also played for HIF Kämparna.

Holm, after retiring from ice sledge hockey, started curling on the Swedish national wheelchair curling team, first participating at the 2024 World Wheelchair Curling Championship, where he and teammate Sabina Johansson was first ever world champions in wheelchair mixed doubles curling.
Claes Gill
Claes Gill (13 October 1910 - 11 June 1973) was a Norwegian writer, poet and actor.

Born in Odda, but spent his childhood years in Bergen, before moving to Oslo permanently.

His most famous works were the poetry book Fragment av et magisk liv ("Fragment of a magic life") in 1939, followed by Ord i jærn ("Words in iron") in 1942. Both books were inspired by French Symbolism, and stand as early examples of the modern form.

He later became involved in acting, and was director of Rogaland Teater from 1952 til 1956. In 1959 he starred in the film The Master and His Servants, which was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival.

Odda (town)
Oddaⓘ is a town in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality and the largest urban area in the whole Hardanger district. The town is located at the southern end of the Sørfjorden, in a narrow valley between towering mountains and the lake Sandvinvatnet to the south. The large Folgefonna glacier lies just west of Odda, high up in the mountains. The village of Odda was declared a "town" in 2004.

The 3.02-square-kilometre (750-acre) town has a population (2025) of 4,750 and a population density of 1,573 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,070/sq mi). The town also includes the Eitrheim area, just northwest of the town centre. Odda Church is located in the town centre. Norwegian National Road 13 is the main road going through the town.
Mission Point (Mackinac Island)
Mission Point is located on the southeast side of Mackinac Island, Michigan. It is approximately 21 acres (8.5 ha) in size between Robinson's Folly and the jetty terminating near Franks Street. The Island has a history of documented European development beginning with French Jesuit missionaries landing at the point in 1634, less than two decades after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock on the East Coast of North America.

Since that time, development at Mission Point has included a Mission House, summer house, several summer Victorian cottages, conference center for an international group, theater, film studio, college campus, and vacation resort. Mission Point looks out toward Round Island (Michigan) over the Straits of Mackinac, the principal waterway between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. In the early 21st century, Mission Point has been developed as Mission Point Resort, a full-service facility including guest lodging, three restaurants, putting greens, a museum, and a theater.

Moral Re-Armament
Moral Re-Armament (MRA) was an international moral and spiritual movement that, in 1938, developed from American minister Frank Buchman's Oxford Group. Buchman headed MRA for 23 years until his death in 1961. In 2001, the movement was renamed Initiatives of Change.
2001 CAF Super Cup
The 2001 CAF Super Cup was the ninth CAF Super Cup, an annual football match in Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's two CAF club competitions, the African Cup of Champions Clubs and the African Cup Winners' Cup.

African Cup Winners' Cup
The African Cup Winners' Cup was a football competition that started in 1975 and merged with the CAF Cup in 2004 to form the CAF Confederation Cup. It was a competition between the winning clubs of domestic cups in CAF-affiliated nations and was modelled after the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
Tanqueray (surname)
Tanqueray (or Tanquerey)  is an English and French surname of Norman origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Tanqueray (1691–1733), English silversmith

Ingrid Tanqueray (born 1988), French basketball player

Paul Tanqueray (1905–1991), English photographer

Charles Tanqueray (1810–1868), British distiller who founded the Tanqueray gin

Tanqueray
Tanqueray is a brand of gin produced by Diageo plc. It is a London dry gin, reflecting its distillation process and origin in Bloomsbury, London. Tanqueray London dry gin is made by four time distilled grain, with select botanicals added during the second distillation. While the Tanqueray recipe is a closely guarded trade secret, it is known to contain four botanicals: juniper, coriander, angelica root and liquorice, the same four botanicals from the original recipe.

It is one of Diageo's key "strategic brands" earmarked for prioritisation in promotion and distribution worldwide.
Félix Ignacio de Tejada
Félix Ignacio de Tejada y Suárez de Lara (29 July 1735 - 20 February 1817) was a Spanish naval officer. He was a commander of the Order of Santiago, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III and Knight Grand Cross of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild.

Order of Charles III
The Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III (Spanish: Real y Distinguida Orden Española de Carlos III; Abbr.: OC3), originally the Royal and Much Distinguished Order of Charles III (Spanish: Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos III), is a knighthood and one of the three preeminent orders of merit bestowed by the Kingdom of Spain, alongside the Order of Isabella the Catholic (established in 1815) and the Order of Civil Merit (established in 1926). It was established by the King of Spain Charles III by means of the Royal Decree of 19 September 1771, with the motto Virtuti et mérito. It rewards political appointees, foreign heads of state and high-ranking government officials for their actions in benefit to Spain and the Crown.
Yogibo
Yogibo is a lifestyle furniture retailer, specializing in bean bag chairs and accessories. It also sells dog beds and Jogoball, an audio gaming console.

As of March 2023, Yogibo has reduced from over US$60 million in retail sales and over 130 retail outlets worldwide to an online only retailer.

Bean bag
A bean bag (also beanbag) is a sealed bag containing dried beans, PVC pellets, expanded polystyrene, or expanded polypropylene. The bags are commonly used for throwing games, but they have various other applications.
Susan M. Gasser
Susan M. Gasser (born 1955) is a Swiss molecular biologist. From 2004 to 2019 she was the director of the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research in Basel, Switzerland, where she also led a research group from 2004 until 2021. She was in parallel professor of  molecular biology  at the  University of Basel until April 2021. Since January 2021, Susan Gasser is director of the ISREC Foundation, which supports translational cancer research. She is also professor invité at the University of Lausanne in the department of fundamental microbiology. She is an expert in quantitative biology and studies epigenetic inheritance and genome stability.  Recipient of multiple swiss and European awards, she was named member of the US Academy of Sciences in 2022.

University of Lausanne
The University of Lausanne (UNIL; French: Université de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland, was founded in 1537 as a school of Protestant theology, before being made a university in 1890. The university is the second-oldest in Switzerland, and one of the oldest universities in the world to be in continuous operation. As of fall 2017, about 15,000 students and 3,300 employees studied and worked at the university. Approximately 1,500 international students attend the university (120 nationalities), which has a wide curriculum including exchange programs with other universities.

Together with the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) the university forms a vast campus at the shores of Lake Geneva.
D. N. Premnath
Devadasan Nithya Premnath (born 21 October 1950), known as D. N. Premnath, is an Indian pastor and Old Testament scholar, who has been teaching since 1988 at the St. Bernard's School of Theology and Ministry, a Roman Catholic seminary, in Rochester, New York. In 1981, Premnath participated in an archaeological dig at Tell el-Hesi in southern Israel.

Premnath had earlier taught at United Theological College, Bangalore the Protestant Regional Theologiate, between 1984-1987.   and has been a member of the Society for Biblical Studies in India as well as the Society of Biblical Literature since 1988 and has chaired the Asian and Asian-American Biblical Hermeneutics Group during 1996-2001.

Pacific School of Religion
The Pacific School of Religion (PSR) is a private Protestant seminary in Berkeley, California, United States. It maintains covenantal relationships with the United Church of Christ, the United Methodist Church, and the Disciples of Christ, ensuring the school provides the necessary requirements for candidates to seek ordination within these denominations. These three denominations account for approximately half of the student population of PSR. The school has also maintained close relationships with the Unitarian Universalist Association, the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, as well as other denominations. Over the years PSR has provided training for clergy and leaders from a wide range of religious traditions including Buddhists, Jews, Pagans, Pentecostals, and Roman Catholics.
Salzburg bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics
Salzburg 2014 (Austro-Bavarian: Soizbuag 2014) was an unsuccessful bid by the Austrian Olympic Committee to host the 2014 Winter Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics in Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg was one of seven applicants for the games, and one of three to be short-listed, along with Sochi, Russia, and Pyeongchang, South Korea. It was the second consecutive time Salzburg bid for the Winter Olympics, after the close call with the 2010 bid, and the four consecutive time Austria bid, having bid with Graz in 2002 and Klagenfurt in 2006. The 2014 bid is more compact than the 2010 project due to the elimination of the Kitzbühel, St. Johann and Ramsau venues. One venue (Schönau am Königssee for bobsled, skeleton and luge) is located in Germany.

Ramsau am Dachstein
Ramsau am Dachstein (Austrian German: [ramˈsaʊ am ˈdaxʃtaɪn]) is a municipality in the district of Liezen, state of Styria, Austria. It is also the name of the elevated plateau between the Dachstein range and the Enns valley on which this municipality is located.

The appendage am Dachstein is added to distinguish the municipality from others of the same name existing in Austria. It is usually omitted in common speech.
2010 Atlanta Tennis Championships
The 2010 Atlanta Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 23rd edition of the event known that year as the Atlanta Tennis Championships and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2010 ATP World Tour.  The Atlanta Tennis Championships was the first ATP stop of the 2010 US Open Series. 2010 was the first year this tournament was held in Atlanta. Previously, it had been hosted by Indianapolis. Mardy Fish won the singles title.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Beau Vallon, Seychelles
Beau Vallon (French pronunciation: [bo valɔ̃] ⓘ) is a bay on the north western coast of Mahé in the Seychelles.  Beau Vallon Beach is well-frequented and is possibly the most popular beach on the island. It is a base for diving and snorkelling due to its clear waters and coral reefs. Beau Vallon has several hotels and restaurants. There are multiple hotels and resorts on the beaches of Beau Vallon.

Beau Vallon Beach

Sunset Over Beau Vallon

Sunset Over Beau Vallon

Resort
A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that aims to provide most of a vacationer's needs. This includes food, drink, accommodation, sports, entertainment and shopping, on the premises. A hotel is frequently a central feature of a resort and the term resort may be used for a hotel that provides an array of entertainment and recreational activities.

Some resorts are also condominium complexes that offer timeshares or fractional ownership, in addition to wholly owned condominiums. A resort is not always a commercial establishment operated by a single company, but in the late 20th century, this type became more common.

In British English, "resort" means a town which people visit for holidays and day trips, typically containing hotels where holidaymakers stay. Blackpool and Brighton in UK and Ayia Napa in Cyprus are examples of such places.