hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apricus Biosciences
Apricus Biosciences, Inc. is a San Diego–based biopharmaceutical company advancing innovative medicines in urology and rheumatology.

Apricus Biosciences' first product, Vitaros®, has been approved in Europe and Canada for the treatment of erectile dysfunction  Other compounds in development include: low testosterone, rheumatology, sexual dysfunction, pain,

Rheumatology
Rheumatology (from Ancient Greek  ῥεῦμα (rheûma) 'flowing current') is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and management of disorders of which the common feature is inflammation in the bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs. Rheumatology covers more than 100 different complex diseases, collectively known as rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren's syndrome. Doctors who have undergone formal training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists.

Many of these diseases are now known to be disorders of the immune system, and rheumatology has significant overlap with immunology, the branch of medicine that studies the immune system.
Ryan Oosthuizen
Ryan Oosthuizen (born (1995-05-22)22 May 1995) is a South African rugby union player, currently playing with the South Africa Sevens team in the World Rugby Sevens Series. His regular position is forward in 7s and centre in 15 man rugby.

He made his debut for the South Africa Sevens team at the 2017 Hong Kong Sevens and was also a member of the South Africa Sevens team that won the 2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series. He is also a bronze medal winner at the 2018 World Cup 7s in San Francisco.

He competed for South Africa at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. They defeated Australia to win the bronze medal final.

Australia national rugby sevens team
The Australia national rugby sevens team represent Australia in men's rugby sevens. The team participates in the annual World Rugby Sevens Series competition and the quadrennial Rugby World Cup Sevens. Australia, being a member of the Commonwealth, also compete in the quadrennial rugby sevens event at the Commonwealth Games, as well as the Summer Olympics. Australia's best performance at the Commonwealth Games was silver at Delhi 2010, while at the Summer Olympics it is fourth at Paris 2024.
James Beament
Sir James William Longman Beament FRS (17 November 1921 – 10 March 2005) was a British scientist who studied insect physiology and psychoacoustics. He has been described as "an international authority" on "the structure and waterproofing of insect eggs".

Psychoacoustics
Psychoacoustics is the branch of psychophysics involving the scientific study of the perception of sound by the human auditory system. It is the branch of science studying the psychological responses associated with sound, including noise, speech, and music. Psychoacoustics is an interdisciplinary field including psychology, acoustics, electronic engineering, physics, biology, physiology, and computer science.
Tabasco mud turtle
The Tabasco mud turtle (Kinosternon acutum), commonly known as pochitoque in Tabasco, Mexico, is a small turtle which belongs to the family Kinosternidae. It can be found in central Veracruz, Tabasco, northern Guatemala and Belize. This turtle lives in small streams, marshes and ponds. Its feeding habits are mainly carnivorous and it is a nocturnal animal. Although this turtle doesn't have a wide range it can be common at some sites. In Tabasco this turtle is an important part of its popular culture as well as being an ingredient in Tabasco's gastronomy in spite of its special protected status.

In Campeche, Mexico

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
The Forgotten Woman
The Forgotten Woman is a 2008 Canadian documentary film directed by Dilip Mehta and written by Deepa Mehta, Produced by David Hamilton and Noemi Weis. 
The film is about widows in India and was inspired by Deepa Mehta's 2005 Academy Award-nominated film on the same subject, Water.

Widow
A widow (female) or widower (male) is a person whose spouse has died and who has not remarried. The male form, "widower", is first attested in the 14th century, by the 19th century supplanting "widow" with reference to men. The adjective for either sex is widowed. These terms are not applied to a divorcé(e) following the death of an ex-spouse.

The state of having lost one's spouse to death is termed widowhood. The term widowhood can be used for either sex, at least according to some dictionaries, but the word widowerhood is also listed in some dictionaries. An archaic term for a widow is "relict", literally "someone left over"; this word can sometimes be found on older gravestones. Occasionally, the word viduity is used.
Bolshoy Patom
The Bolshoy Patom (Russian: Большой Патом), "Big Patom", is a river in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is the 11th longest tributary of the Lena with a length of 570 kilometres (350 mi) and a drainage basin area of 28,400 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi).

Bolshoy Patom village is located by the riverbank in its lower course. Tourists visit the Bolshoy Patom river mainly for rafting and kayaking. In the International scale of river difficulty the Bolshoy Patom is a Class III and IV river. There are picturesque white limestone cliffs flanking a number of stretches of the Bolshoy Patom.

International scale of river difficulty
The international scale of river difficulty is an American system used to rate the difficulty of navigating a stretch of river, or a single (sometimes whitewater) rapid. The scale was created by the American Whitewater Association to evaluate rivers throughout the world, hence international in the title. 
It should not be confused with the internationally used whitewater scale, which is published and adapted by a committee of the International Canoe Federation (ICF). 
The grade reflects the technical difficulty and skill level required associated with the section of river.  The scale is of use to various water sports and activities, such as rafting, riverboarding, whitewater canoeing, stand up paddle surfing, and whitewater kayaking.
Leader (surname)
Leader is a British surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Williams Leader (1831–1923), English artist

Bill Leader (born 1929), English record producer

George M. Leader (1918–2013), American politician

Guy Leader (1887–1978), American politician

Imre Leader (born 1963), British mathematician

Jeffery J. Leader (born 1963), American mathematician

John Temple Leader (1810–1903), British politician and connoisseur

Joyce Ellen Leader (born 1942), American diplomat

Michael Leader (1938–2016), English actor

Otis Wilson Leader, a World War II Choctaw code talker

William Leader (1767–1828), British MP

Zachary Leader (born 1946), American professor of English Literature

George M. Leader
George Michael Leader (January 17, 1918 – May 9, 2013) was an American politician. He served as the 36th governor of Pennsylvania from January 18, 1955, until January 20, 1959. He was a member of the Democratic Party, and a native of York County, Pennsylvania. He was the only person from that county ever to be elected governor of the state until the election of Tom Wolf in 2014.
Suzy Homemaker
Suzy Homemaker was a line of miniature functional toy household appliances produced by Topper Toys and launched in 1966. Topper Toys created a line of accessory toys to be bought separately, which included items such as a small working oven, a vacuum cleaner, and several other items in addition to a Suzy Homemaker doll introduced later. The term "Suzy Homemaker" has since become a common phrase in American English.

Vacuum cleaner
A vacuum cleaner, also known simply as a vacuum (or a hoover in the UK), is a device that uses suction, and often agitation, in order to remove dirt and other debris from carpets, hard floors, and other surfaces.

The dirt is collected into a dust bag or a plastic bin. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in commercial settings, exist in a variety of sizes and types, including stick vacuums, handheld vacuums, upright vacuums, and canister vacuums. Specialized shop vacuums can be used to clean both solid debris and liquids.
RHO protein GDP dissociation inhibitor
RHO protein GDP dissociation inhibitor  of Rho proteins (rho GDI) regulates GDP/GTP exchange. The protein plays an important role in the activation of the oxygen superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. This process requires the interaction of membrane-associated cytochrome b559 with 3 cytosolic components: p47-phox, p67-phox and a heterodimer of the small G-protein p21Rac1 and rho GDI. The association of p21rac and GDI inhibits dissociation of GDP from p21rac, thereby maintaining it in an inactive form. The proteins are attached via a lipid tail on p21rac that binds to the hydrophobic region of GDI. Dissociation of these proteins might be mediated by the release of lipids (e.g., arachidonate and phosphatidate) from membranes through the action of phospholipases. The lipids may then compete with the lipid tail on p21rac for the hydrophobic pocket on GDI.

Superoxide
In chemistry, a superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion, which has the chemical formula O−2. The systematic name of the anion is dioxide(1−). The reactive oxygen ion superoxide is particularly important as the product of the one-electron reduction of dioxygen O2, which occurs widely in nature. Molecular oxygen (dioxygen) is a diradical containing two unpaired electrons, and superoxide results from the addition of an electron which fills one of the two degenerate molecular orbitals, leaving a charged ionic species with a single unpaired electron and a net negative charge of −1. Both dioxygen and the superoxide anion are free radicals that exhibit paramagnetism. Superoxide was historically also known as "hyperoxide".
Freddy Kalas
Fredrik Auke (born 12 February 1990), also known as Freddy Kalas and previously as Freddy Genius, is a Norwegian singer signed to Alter Ego Music. His debut hit "Pinne for landet" topped VG lista, the official Norwegian Singles Chart. The follow-up "Hey Ho" made it to number 2 on the same chart. He is the brother of Simen Auke from the DJ duo Broiler.

In 2016, he took part in the preselection for Norwegian Melodi Grand Prix in a bid to represent Norway in Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with "Feel Da Rush". He reached the final four in the preselection process finishing runner-up to the winning song "Icebreaker" by Agnete. Kalas' song proved popular with the public making it to number 2 on the Norwegian Singles Chart.

Icebreaker (song)
"Icebreaker" is a song performed by Sami-Norwegian singer Agnete. The song represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016, and was written by Agnete along with Gabriel Alares and Ian Curnow. The song was released as a digital download on 2 February 2016 through Aiko Music.

A music video for the song was released on 22 April 2016.
J. Paul Reason
Joseph Paul Reason (born March 22, 1941, in Washington, D.C.) was Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet from 1996 to 1999. Earlier in his career, as a commander, he was naval aide to the President of the United States, Jimmy Carter, from December 1976 to June 1979. In 1996, Reason became the first African-American officer in the United States Navy to become a four-star admiral.

USS Truxtun (CGN-35)
The fifth USS Truxtun (DLGN-35/CGN-35) was a nuclear-powered cruiser in the U.S. Navy. She was launched as a destroyer leader (called a "frigate" at the time) and later reclassified as a cruiser. She was named after Commodore Thomas Truxtun (1755–1822). She was in service from May 1967 to September 1995.
4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase
In enzymology, a 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + H+ + O2  3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD+

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are 4-chlorophenylacetate, NADH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate, chloride, and NAD+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms o oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-chlorophenylacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3,4-hydroxylating, dechlorinating). It employs one cofactor, iron.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Thierry Fouchier
Thierry Fouchier (born 14 March 1966) is a French sailor who has competed in multiple America's Cups.

From Marseille, Fouchier sailed with Le Defi at the 2000 Louis Vuitton Cup and with Victory Challenge at the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup.

He then joined Oracle Racing and was the trimmer on USA 17 that won the 2010 America's Cup. He then joined Mascalzone Latino as their spinnaker trimmer, before sailing with Artemis Racing in the 2013 America's Cup.

He sailed in the 2017 America's Cup with the Groupama Sailing Team. He has also sailed in the Extreme Sailing Series with Groupama.

Le Défi
Le Défi was a French America's Cup team that competed in the 1992, 1995, 2000 and 2003 Louis Vuitton Cups and in the first few Acts of the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup. After 2005 Le Défi supported China Team.
2015 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis – Doubles
Guido Pella and Diego Schwartzman were the defending champions, but Schwartzman decided not to participate this year. Pella played alongside Andrés Molteni, but they lost to Guido Andreozzi and Sergio Galdós in the semifinals.

Sergio Galdós
Sergio Galdós (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseɾxjo ɣalˈdos]; born January 2, 1990) is a Peruvian tennis player. He is a regular member of the Peruvian Davis Cup team. In 2016 he broke into the top 100 of the men's doubles rankings for the first time finishing the year ranked No. 80 in the world on 28 November 2016.
Jeff F. King
Jeff F. King is a Canadian screenwriter, comics writer, television producer and film director. King served as co-executive (1994–95) and then executive producer (1995–96) for the Canadian television series Due South and was the co-recipient of three Gemini Awards. He then worked as the producer of the CBS show EZ Streets and as co-executive producer for Stargate SG-1. His other television credits include Relic Hunter, Strange Days at Blake Holsey High, Mutant X, Dinosapien, White Collar, The Umbrella Academy, and The Acolyte.

As a comics writer, he wrote the 2015 DC Comics series "Convergence", for which he created the character Telos, the decoy central antagonist-turned anti-hero of the story.

Convergence (comics)
"Convergence" is a comic book storyline published by DC Comics that ran from April to May 2015. The series consists of an eponymous #0 issue, an eight-issue core miniseries, and 40 two-issue tie-in miniseries. "Convergence" continues from the weekly series Earth 2: World's End and The New 52: Futures End. In the story, Brainiac collects cities and inhabitants from various timelines that have ended and traps them in domes on a planet outside of time and space. He then exposes the domes to one another to see how the characters interact. This event marks the return of DC characters and timelines from before the 2011 "Flashpoint" storyline that led to the creation of The New 52 Universe.
Pallavolo Femminile Matera
Pallavolo Femminile Matera, commonly referred to as PVF Matera, was a women's volleyball team based in Matera, Italy. The club was a dominant force in Italian and Global volleyball during the 1990s, winning several national and international titles. Matera won the Italian Women's Volleyball Championship four times (1992-1995) and the Italian Women's Volleyball Cup three times (1993-1995). Internationally, secured two CEV Women's Champions League titles (1993, 1996), two CEV Women's Challenge Cups (1991, 1992), and one Women's Volleyball European Super Cup (1993). Matera also finished as Vice World Champion, reaching the World Championship final.

Massimo Barbolini
Massimo Barbolini (born 29 August 1964) is an Italian volleyball coach. He is coach of Italy (W), and Galatasaray (W).

Coaching Italy women's national volleyball team, he has won the 2007 and 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship.
Bubby Brister
Walter Andrew "Bubby" Brister III (born August 15, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Jets, Denver Broncos, and Minnesota Vikings. He played college football for the Tulane Green Wave and Northeast Louisiana Indians before being selected in the third round of the 1986 NFL draft by the Steelers.

Brister played high school football in Monroe, Louisiana and enrolled at Tulane University in New Orleans. He transferred to Northeast Louisiana University (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in Monroe in 1984. He was a two-sport athlete and was selected out of high school in the 1981 Major League Baseball draft by the Detroit Tigers. He played a season of minor league baseball with the Bristol Tigers in Bristol, Virginia before attending college for football.

Bristol, Virginia
Bristol is an independent city in Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,219. It is the twin city of Bristol, Tennessee, just across the state line, which runs down the middle of its main street, State Street. As an independent city, Bristol is not part of any county, but it is adjacent to Washington County, Virginia. It is a principal city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had a population of 307,614 in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.
Al-Fuqair Mosque
The Al-Fuqair Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الفقير), also known as the Mutsib Mosque, is a mosque located in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

It is narrated that the Islamic prophet Muhammad performed a prayer here once. The mosque is located in the right hand side of the main street which connects Qurban and Awali, and it is 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Quba Mosque, next to a gas station.

Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)
Qurbān (Arabic: قربان) or uḍḥiyah (Arabic: أضحية, romanized: sacrificial animal) as referred to in Islamic law, is a ritual animal sacrifice of a livestock animal during Eid al-Adha.

The concept and definition of the word is derived from the Qur'an, the sacred scripture of Muslims, and is the analog of korban in Judaism. The word and concept are similar as in other Abrahamic religions; in the Jewish faith there are several forms of "korban" e.g. korban shelamim ("peace offering"), or korban olah ("elevated offering", also translated as "burnt offering"). The meat of the Islamic qurban is distributed equally between the poor, the donor of the qurban, and the family of the donor.

A commonly used word which may encompass qurban is uḍḥiyah (أضحية). In Islamic Law, udhiyah would refer to the sacrifice of a specific animal, offered by a specific person, on specific days to seek God's pleasure and reward.
Creekside Discovery Centre
The Creekside Discovery Centre is a 0.5-hectare (1.2-acre) natural habitat in Deptford in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is owned by the National Grid and managed by the Creekside Education Trust. Formerly a gas works, the centre is a brownfield habitat incorporating the only existing sloping beach into Deptford Creek. Other habitats on the site include a pond, constructed in a project coordinated by the Creekside Education Trust in partnership with Lewisham College, and a sandbank, built in 2001.

National Grid plc
National Grid plc is a British multinational electricity and gas utility company headquartered in London, England. Its principal activities are in the United Kingdom, where it owns and operates electricity and natural gas transmission networks, and in the Northeastern United States, where as well as operating transmission networks, the company produces and supplies electricity and gas, providing both to customers in New York and Massachusetts.

National Grid plc is one of the largest investor-owned utility companies in the world; it has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, and a secondary listing in the form of its American depositary receipts on the New York Stock Exchange.
Cassie Brock
Cassandra Ellen Brock (born 31 January 1991) is an Australian cricketer. She represented Victoria (2010/11–2015/16) and the Melbourne Renegades (2015/16), playing a total of seven List A matches and 20 T20 matches. A right-handed top-order batter, she is also a right-arm leg spinner capable of bowling googly deliveries.

Victoria women's cricket team
The Victoria women's cricket team, previously known as Victorian Spirit, is the women's representative cricket team for the Australian State of Victoria. They play their home games at Junction Oval, St Kilda, Melbourne. They compete in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL), the premier 50-over women's cricket tournament in Australia. They previously played in the now-defunct Australian Women's Twenty20 Cup and Australian Women's Cricket Championships, a competition which they dominated, having won 36 titles.
Nippara cave
Nippara Shōnyūdō (Japanese: 日原鍾乳洞, lit. 'Nippara limestone cave'), located in Nippara, Okutama, Nishitama District, Tokyo, Japan, is a limestone cave. It is over 1270m long from the entrance to the end, and it measures 134m from the depths to the ceiling. It has been registered a natural monument in Tokyo; equally large as Roukokudō, the two caves are known as one of the largest caves in the Kanto region. The cave flourished as a sacred mountain in the past and is a well-known tourist site as of modern times. The cave is opened throughout almost the entire year excluding between 30 December and 3 January.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.