hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Weir (trade unionist)
William Weir (June 1868 – December 1926) was a British trade unionist.

Born in Mickley Square, Northumberland, Weir studied at Prudhoe Colliery School and then worked at West Wylam Colliery from the age of twelve.  He soon became active in the Northumberland Miners' Association, and was elected branch president in 1905, then to the county executive in 1912.  In 1914, he became President of the union, serving until 1926.

Weir was a Primitive Methodist.  He was also elected to Prudhoe parish council, then its successor urban district council, and later to Gosforth UDC, initially as a Lib-Lab, then later for the Labour Party.  He was also an alderman on Northumberland County Council, and stood unsuccessfully in the 1918 general election in Hexham.

Northumberland County Council
Northumberland County Council is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Northumberland in North East England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having also taken over district-level functions when the county's districts were abolished.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021, being led by a Conservative minority administration. It is based at County Hall, Morpeth. Since 2024 the council has been a member of the North East Mayoral Combined Authority.
Albert Laessle
Albert Laessle (March 28, 1877 – September 4, 1954) was an American sculptor and educator. He taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts for more than twenty years and is best remembered as an animalier. He won  the 1918 Widener Gold Medal.

Widener Gold Medal
The George D. Widener Memorial Gold Medal was a prestigious sculpture prize awarded by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts from 1913 to 1968. Established in 1912, it recognized the "most meritorious work of Sculpture modeled by an American citizen and shown in the Annual Exhibition." PAFA's annual exhibitions were open to all American sculptors, but an individual could be awarded the medal only once. Sculptors Paul Manship, Albin Polasek, Malvina Hoffman, Carl Paul Jennewein, Anna Hyatt Huntington, William Zorach and Leonard Baskin were among its recipients.

George Dunton Widener had been a Philadelphia businessman and a director of PAFA. He and his son Harry died in 1912 aboard the RMS Titanic.

The Widener Gold Medal was retired in 1968. Beginning in 1969, PAFA devoted its annual exhibitions solely to work by students in its school.
2006 Supercupa României
The 2006 Supercupa României was the 9th edition of Romania's season opener cup competition. The match was played in Bucharest at Stadionul Naţional on 22 July 2006, and was contested between Divizia A title holders, Steaua and Cupa României champions, Rapid. Steaua won the trophy after a late goal by Daniel Opriţa.

Stadionul Național (1953)
Stadionul Național (Romanian pronunciation: [stadiˈonul natsi.oˈnal]; "The National Stadium") was a multi-purpose stadium in Bucharest, Romania. The stadium held 60,120 people.

It was also used for many events such as 2050 de ani de la crearea statului dac centralizat, Liberation from Facist Occupation Day (23 August), televised propaganda events, and Cîntarea României.
Baptist Preparatory School
The Baptist Preparatory School (or Baptist Prep) is a private, independent college preparatory, preschool, elementary, and junior/senior high school Christian school in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States. Founded in 1981, The Baptist Preparatory School via its Lower School and Upper School provide Christian-based education to more than 720 students annually in kindergarten through grade 12.

Christian school
A Christian school is a religious school run on Christian principles or by a Christian organization. These schools often include religious education and worship in their curriculum. They may also have a distinct Christian mission or philosophy.

The nature of Christian schools varies enormously from country to country, according to the religious, educational, and political cultures. In some countries, there is a strict separation of church and state, so all religious schools are private; in others, there is an established church whose teachings form an integral part of the state-operated educational system; in yet others, the state subsidizes religious schools of various denominations.
Renault Laguna
The Renault Laguna is a large family car that was manufactured and marketed by Renault for 21 years in three body styles: hatchback, coupé, and estate. The first generation Laguna was launched in 1994, the second generation was introduced in 2000, and the third generation was built from October 2007 until 2015.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
Horsburgh (surname)
Horsburgh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Horsburgh (1868-1935), former Governor of Ceylon

Corey Horsburgh (born 1998), Australian rugby league footballer

David Horsburgh (1923-1984), British educationist

Ellice Horsburgh (1870-1935), Scottish mathematician and engineer

Erin Horsburgh, Woman who claimed to be Azaria Chamberlain, a baby girl whose body was never found

Gavin Horsburgh (born 1997), Scottish and British rower

George Horsburgh (1910-1988), Scotland international rugby union player

James Horsburgh (1762–1836), Scottish hydrographer

John Horsburgh (1791–1869), Scottish engraver

Lynette Horsburgh (born 1974), Scottish semi-professional pool and snooker player

Margaret Horsburgh (born 1943), New Zealand academic

Meica Horsburgh (born 1989), Australian goalball player

Michael Horsburgh (born 1958), former Australian rules footballer

Wayne Horsburgh (born 1955), Australian country music entertainer

James Horsburgh
James Horsburgh F.R.S (23 September 1762 – 14 May 1836) was a Scottish hydrographer. He worked for the British East India Company, (EIC) and mapped many seaways in the Indian Ocean, the Malay Archipelago, and China in the late 18th century and early 19th century. He is best-known for the India Directory, a set of sailing directions that became a standard work for over half a century.
Japanese gunboat Chōkai
Chōkai  (鳥海) was an iron-hulled, steam gunboat, serving in the early Imperial Japanese Navy. She was the second vessel to be completed in the four vessel Maya class, and was named after Mount Chōkai in between Yamagata and Akita Prefectures.

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.
Joe Comuzzi
Joseph Robert Comuzzi, PC (April 5, 1933 – December 31, 2021) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as a cabinet minister under Prime Minister Paul Martin. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1988 to 2008, representing Thunder Bay—Nipigon which was renamed Thunder Bay—Superior North in 2000.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
Tummy time
Tummy time is a colloquialism for placing infants in the prone position while awake and supervised to encourage development of the neck and trunk muscles and prevent skull deformations.

In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended babies sleep on their backs to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Although the rate of SIDS has decreased by 50% since the Safe to Sleep campaign started in 1994, an unintended consequence was that babies missed out on the twelve or so hours they used to spend in the prone position while asleep, and there was a sharp increase in plagiocephaly (flat head syndrome) in infants. Along with tummy time, rotating the direction infants lie in their cribs as well as avoiding too much time in car seats, carriers, and bouncers are behaviors recommended to alleviate the associated risks of infants sleeping in a supine position.

Torticollis
Torticollis, also known as wry neck, is an extremely painful, dystonic condition defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position, which may be due to a variety of causes. The term torticollis is derived from Latin  tortus 'twisted' and  collum 'neck'.

The most common case has no obvious cause, and the pain and difficulty in turning the head usually goes away after a few days, even without treatment in adults.
Mercurio Peruano
Mercurio Peruano was a newspaper published in Peru between 1790 and 1795. It was the first scientific paper in the country. Over 400 editions were published. It was created by a circle of young intellectuals of the Peruvian Enlightenment to cover diverse subject matter, focused on Peru and Peruvians.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
The Heir of the Ages
The Heir of the Ages is a 1917 American drama silent film directed by Edward LeSaint and written by William Addison Lathrop. The film stars House Peters, Sr., Eugene Pallette, Nina Byron, John Burton, Henry A. Barrows and Adele Farrington. The film was released on June 21, 1917, by Paramount Pictures.

William Addison Lathrop
William Addison Lathrop (1864 – January 3, 1925) was an American writer, playwright, and screenwriter for silent films.

Lathrop was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1864 and graduated in 1885 from Hamilton College in Clinton, New York.  He taught at Brooklyn Polytechnic until 1891, and then was admitted to the bar.  In addition to writing scenarios for silent films in the 1910s, his first novel Love Time in Picardy was published in 1919.  Many of his plays were co-written with his wife, Mabel.  He died of a heart attack in New York City on January 3, 1925.
Marie-Elisabeth Hecker
Marie-Elisabeth Hecker (born 5 March 1987 in Zwickau) is a German cellist. In 2005 she was one of the youngest participants to win first prize at the Concours de violoncelle Rostropovitch, the most important cello competition held every four years in Paris.

First Prize (music diploma)
A First Prize diploma in music (French: Premier Prix) is a high honor Diploma of Musical Studies, typically in performance or composition.  It is awarded by European music conservatories and European-styled conservatories elsewhere.  A First Prize diploma does not denote first in class, but rather, a very high level of artist proficiency.  The typical period of study to earn a First Prize is one to two years.  A First Prize diploma is sometimes wrongly described as being similar to a master's degree in music performance or composition.  As of the mid-1990s, the degree in many European countries has been discontinued.
GM-94
The GM-94 (Russian: Гранатомет Магазинный образца 1994, Granatomet Magazinnyy obraztsa 1994, lit. "magazine-fed grenade launcher, model of 1994") is a pump action grenade launcher for use by Russian special and security forces. Development of the GM-94 grenade launcher began in 1993, under the guidance of Vasilij Gryazev, chief designer of the KBP design bureau (Konstruktorskoye Byuro Priborostroyeniya; (Конструкторское Бюро Приборостроения; KBP), in Tula, Russia.

Security forces
Security forces are statutory organizations with internal security mandates. In the legal context of several countries, the term has variously denoted police and military units working in concert, or the role of irregular military and paramilitary forces (such as gendarmerie) tasked with public security duties.
Kievsky Yogan
The Kievsky Yogan (Russian: Киевский Ёган; Selkup: Ки́евскэл кыге́) is a river in Tomsk Oblast, Russia. The river is 339 kilometres (211 mi) long and has a catchment area of 4,140 square kilometres (1,600 sq mi).

The Kievsky Yogan flows across the Central Siberian Plateau. Its basin is located in the Alexandrovsky District. There are no permanent settlements along the course of the river.

Tomsk Oblast
Tomsk Oblast (Russian: То́мская о́бласть, romanized: Tomskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It lies in the southeastern West Siberian Plain, in the southwest of the Siberian Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Tomsk. Population: 1,047,394 (2010 Census).

The development of the territory which now constitutes the oblast began in the early 17th century. Tomsk itself was founded in 1604. Some of the oblast's 316,900 square kilometers (122,400 sq mi) territory is inaccessible because it is covered with taiga woods and swamps. Tomsk oblast contains Vasyugan Swamp, the biggest swamp in the northern hemisphere. The oblast borders with Krasnoyarsk Krai and Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, and Kemerovo Oblasts.
Messenger (Andor)
"Messenger" is the seventh episode of the second season of the American science fiction political spy thriller drama television series Andor. It is the nineteenth episode of the series overall; it was written by Dan Gilroy and directed by Janus Metz.

The episode is set in BBY 2, a year after the events of the previous episode.

"Messenger" was released on Disney+ on May 6, 2025 as part of a three-episode block also including "Who Are You?" and "Welcome to the Rebellion", and received positive reviews from critics.

Spy fiction
Spy fiction is a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device. It emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligence agencies. It was given new impetus by the development of communism and fascism in the lead-up to World War II, continued to develop during the Cold War, and received a fresh impetus from the emergence of rogue states, international criminal organizations, global terrorist networks, maritime piracy and technological sabotage and espionage as potent threats to Western societies.  As a genre, spy fiction is thematically related to the novel of adventure (The Prisoner of Zenda, 1894, The Scarlet Pimpernel, 1905), the thriller (such as the works of Edgar Wallace) and the politico-military thriller (The Schirmer Inheritance, 1953, The Quiet American, 1955).
2003–04 Elitserien (men's handball)
The 2003–04 Elitserien was the 70th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 14 teams competed in the league. The eight highest placed teams qualified for the playoffs, whereas teams 11–12 had to play relegation playoffs against teams from the second division, and teams 13–14 were relegated automatically. IK Sävehof won the regular season and also won the playoffs to claim their first Swedish title. This season ended the dominance of Redbergslids IK and HK Drott; the two clubs won every title except one from 1983–84 to 2002–03, but have only won one title between them since.

IK Sävehof
Idrottsklubben Sävehof better known as IK Sävehof is a Swedish professional handball club located in Partille. It is one of the most successful teams in Sweden on both the men's and women's sides. Their home matches are played at the Partille Arena which has a capacity of 4,000.
Musbanda
Musbanda or Mousbanda, also called Mousbada, was a town of ancient Cilicia and later of Isauria, inhabited in Roman and Byzantine times. It became a bishopric; no longer the seat of a residential bishop, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Dumlugöze, Asiatic Turkey.

Isauria
Isauria (/aɪˈzɔːriə/ or /aɪˈsɔːriə/; Ancient Greek: Ἰσαυρία), in ancient geography, is a rugged, isolated district in the interior of Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering what is now the district of Bozkır and its surroundings in the Konya Province of Turkey, or the core of the Taurus Mountains. In its coastal extension it bordered on Cilicia.

It derives its name from the warlike Isaurian tribe and the twin settlements Isaura Palaea (Ἰσαυρα Παλαιά, Latin: Isaura Vetus 'Old Isaura') and Isaura Nea (Ἰσαυρα Νέα, Latin: Isaura Nova 'New Isaura').

The Isaurians were fiercely independent mountain people who marauded and created havoc in neighboring districts under Macedonian and Roman occupations.
Algorithmic Lovász local lemma
In theoretical computer science, the algorithmic Lovász local lemma gives an algorithmic way of constructing objects that obey a system of constraints with limited dependence.

Given a finite set of bad events {A1, ..., An} in a probability space with limited dependence amongst the Ais and with specific bounds on their respective probabilities, the Lovász local lemma proves that with non-zero probability all of these events can be avoided. However, the lemma is non-constructive in that it does not provide any insight on how to avoid the bad events.

If the events  {A1, ..., An} are determined by a finite collection of mutually independent random variables, a simple Las Vegas algorithm with expected polynomial runtime proposed by Robin Moser and Gábor Tardos can compute an assignment to the random variables such that all events are avoided.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Barnard 35
Barnard 35 is a dark nebula located in the constellation of Orion. It is a dense interstellar cloud of dust and gas that obscures the light from background stars, appearing as a prominent dark nebula against the brighter nebular regions of the Lambda Orionis Ring (also known as Sh 2-264). Discovered by astronomer E. E. Barnard in the early 20th century, Barnard 35 is part of the larger Orion molecular cloud complex and is associated with active star formation triggered by nearby massive stars.

Edward Emerson Barnard
Edward Emerson Barnard /ˈbɑːrnərd/ (December 16, 1857 – February 6, 1923) was an American astronomer. He was commonly known as E. E. Barnard, and was recognized as a gifted observational astronomer. He is best known for his discovery of the high proper motion of Barnard's Star in 1916, which is named in his honor.
2003 Atlantic Sun men's basketball tournament
The 2003 Atlantic Sun men's basketball tournament was held March 6–8 at the GSU Sports Arena at Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia.

Troy State defeated UCF in the championship game, 80–69, to win their first Atlantic Sun men's basketball tournament.

The Trojans, therefore, received the Atlantic Sun's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA tournament, their first appearance in the Division I tournament.

GSU Sports Arena
The Georgia State University Sports Arena is an indoor arena located in Atlanta, Georgia, United State. It was the home of the basketball teams of Georgia State University from 1973 until 2022 and hosted the badminton competition of the 1996 Summer Olympics. It is the home of Georgia State's women's volleyball team.
Steve "Lips" Kudlow
Steven Barry "Lips" Kudlow (born March 2, 1956) is a Canadian musician who is the guitarist and lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Anvil. He co-founded the band with drummer Robb Reiner in 1978, having played together since 1973.

Anvil! The Story of Anvil
Anvil! The Story of Anvil is a 2008 Canadian rockumentary film about the Canadian heavy metal band Anvil. The film is directed by screenwriter Sacha Gervasi, in his directorial debut, and features interviews with other musicians who have been influenced by the band, including Slash, Tom Araya, Lemmy, Scott Ian, and Lars Ulrich.
Jérôme Fernandez
Jérôme Fernandez (born 7 March 1977) is a French handball coach and former handball player. He was a captain of the France men's national handball team and currently holds the record for the number of goals for France's national team (1,463 through 9 January 2020). He is in the French handball Hall of Fame.

He is a knight of the Legion of Honour and an officer of the Ordre national du Mérite.

Copa del Rey de Balonmano
The Copa del Rey de Balonmano (English: King's Cup of Handball) is an annual cup competition for Spanish handball teams. Organized by the Liga ASOBAL. It was originally known as the Copa del Generalísimo and was renamed Copa de SM El Rey in 1975. It was the first nationwide handball competition played in Spain, and was first played for in 1957.