hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schwenkfelder Library & Heritage Center
The Schwenkfelder Library & Heritage Center is a not-for-profit historical library, archive, and museum located in Pennsburg, Pennsylvania. Its mission is to "protect, preserve and interpret books, manuscripts and artifacts of the Schwenkfelders and the people of southeastern Pennsylvania in general and the Perkiomen Valley in particular."

Pennsburg, Pennsylvania
Pennsburg is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its population was 3,889 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Upper Perkiomen School District.  It is also part of the strip of small towns that run together along Route 29: Red Hill, Pennsburg, and East Greenville. The towns are collectively referred to as Upper Perk.
Baron Raglan
Baron Raglan, of Raglan in the County of Monmouth, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 20 October 1852 for the military commander Lord FitzRoy Somerset, chiefly remembered as commander of the British troops during the Crimean War.

Raglan, Monmouthshire
Raglan (/ˈræɡlən/; Welsh: Rhaglan) is a village and community in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales.  It is located some 9 miles south-west of Monmouth, midway between Monmouth and Abergavenny on the A40 road very near to the junction with the A449 road. It is the location of Raglan Castle, built for William ap Thomas and now maintained by Cadw. The community includes the villages of Llandenny and Pen-y-clawdd. Raglan itself has a population of 1,183.
This Strange Effect
"This Strange Effect" is a song written by Ray Davies of the Kinks, released as a single by Dave Berry in July 1965. The single was released in the United States in September 1965. It reached No. 1 in the Netherlands, but peaked at No. 37 on the UK Singles Chart.

Ray Davies
Sir Raymond Douglas Davies CBE (born 21 June 1944) is an English musician. He was the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and primary songwriter for the rock band the Kinks, which he led, with his younger brother Dave providing lead guitar and backing vocals, and both of them were the only consistent members during the band's existence. He has also acted in, directed and produced shows for theatre and television. Known for focusing his lyrics on rock bands, English culture, nostalgia and social satire, he is often referred to as the "Godfather of Britpop", though he disputes this title. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Kinks in 1990. After the dissolution of the Kinks in 1996, he embarked on a solo career.
Stairway to Stardom
Stairway to Stardom was a public-access television series that aired in New York City from 1979 through the early 1990s. It was described by NPR as "an amateur talent show many see as a low-rent precursor to American Idol. Taped "in what appeared to be a freshly carpeted Staten Island basement," the host Frank Masi would bring on amateur singers, dancers, actresses, and comedians to perform. Describing the show, The A.V. Club's "Found Footage" segment claimed that "without exaggeration, it was one of the greatest shows ever to be on television."

Clips and full shows have appeared on various social media and gained a cult following. The disco-style opening theme song was performed by Steve Luisi and All The King's Men and written by their keyboard player, Ben Stiefel.

A 2017 play performed at the HERE Arts Center was based on the series.

Public-access television
Public-access television (sometimes called community-access television) is traditionally a form of non-commercial mass media where the general public can create content television programming which is narrowcast through cable television specialty channels. Public-access television was created in the United States between 1969 and 1971 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), under Chairman Dean Burch, based on pioneering work and advocacy of George Stoney, Red Burns (Alternate Media Center), and Sidney Dean (City Club of NY).

Public-access television is often grouped with public, educational, and government access television channels, under the acronym PEG.
Don Gorman
Donald Gorman (born 1937 or 1938) is a former member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives. He was first elected in 1992 to represent Deerfield and was re-elected in 1994, serving four terms. Gorman was elected to the New Hampshire House as a member of the Libertarian Party. In 2002 he was elected as an at-large member of the Libertarian National Committee. He also worked as a chimney sweep.

Libertarian National Committee
The Libertarian National Committee (LNC) controls and manages the affairs, properties, and funds of the United States Libertarian Party. It is composed of the party officers, five at-large representatives elected every two years at the national convention, and a theoretical maximum of 10 regional representatives. The current chair is Steven Nekhaila, who was elected in a special election on February 2, 2025, following the resignation of previous chair Angela McArdle in the wake of a scandal over her giving a contract to a company set up by her partner, without disclosing the conflict of interest as required by the LNC Policy Manual.

The LNC has lobbied or filed lawsuits against laws and regulations that restrict contributions to parties and candidates.
Janice Kephart
Janice Kephart (born May 12, 1964) is an American public policy expert who received national attention for her input as a member of the 9/11 Commission in 2002. She was a key author of the 9/11 Commission Report and terrorist travel policies, as well as the immigration-related recommendations in the final 9/11 Report. She was the leading expert on implementation the 9/11 Commission border recommendations and border security measures for the United States following the 11 September attacks. Her work has impacted the national border debates since 2004, and have had influence on current immigration debates help in the United States. Her work got her invited to speak before the United Nations Security Council on terrorist travel in 2015 in Madrid.

9/11 Commission Report
The 9/11 Commission Report, officially the Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report into the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. It was prepared by the 9/11 Commission, chaired by former New Jersey governor Thomas Kean, at the request of U.S. president George W. Bush and Congress.

The commission was established on November 27, 2002, 442 days after the September 11 attacks. The report, which is 585 pages in length, was originally scheduled for release on May 27, 2004, but Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert approved the commission's request for a sixty-day extension through July 26. The report was released on July 22, 2004, immediately to the public, and remains available for sale or free download.
Johnny Monell
Johnny Monell (born March 4, 1986) is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants and New York Mets, and in the KBO League for the KT Wiz.

Las Vegas Aviators
The  Las Vegas Aviators, formerly known as the Las Vegas 51s and Las Vegas Stars, are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Athletics. They are located in Summerlin South, Nevada, a community in Las Vegas. The Aviators play their home games at Las Vegas Ballpark, a 10,000-seat facility which opened in 2019. The team previously played at Cashman Field from 1983 to 2018.

The team has been members of the Pacific Coast League since 1983, including the 2021 season when it was known as the Triple-A West. They won the PCL championship as the Stars in 1986 and 1988 and again in 2025 as the Aviators.
Mahadevappa Yadawad
Mahadevappa Shivalingappa Yadawad is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Ramdurg in the 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

Bharatiya Janata Party denied BJP ticket to Mahadevappa Yadawad in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election and he filed his candidature as BJP rebel and later withdrawn his nomination papers and supported congress candidate Jagadish Shettar.

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Karnataka on 10 May 2023 to elect all 224 members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 13 May 2023.

The election saw a final voter turnout of 73.84%, the highest ever recorded in the history of Legislative Assembly elections in Karnataka.

The Indian National Congress won the election in decisive victory by getting 135 seats, making it their biggest win by seats and vote share in Karnataka since the 1989 elections. The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Janata Dal (Secular) conceded defeat, finishing second and third, respectively.
Kong Ludvigøyane
Kong Ludvigøyane (English: King Ludwig Islands) is a small group of islands south of southwestern Edgeøya. The group includes Russebuholmane, Arendtsøya, Berentine Island, and Bruhnsøya. They form part of Thousand Islands. They are named after King Ludwig II (1845–86) of Bavaria, Germany. The islands may be the Hopeless Iles of the Muscovy Company's map (1625).

Muscovy Company
The Muscovy Company (also called the Russia Company or the Muscovy Trading Company; Russian: Московская компания, romanized: Moskovskaya kompaniya) was an English trading company chartered in 1555. It was the first major chartered joint-stock company, the precursor of the type of business that would soon flourish in England and finance its exploration of the world. The Muscovy Company had a monopoly on trade between England and Russia until 1698 and it survived as a trading company until the Russian Revolution. Since 1917, the company has operated as a charity, now working within Russia.
Mohamed Qanyare Afrah
Mohamed Qanyare Afrah (Somali: Maxamed Qanyare Afrax, Arabic: محمد افراح قنياري}(1941–2019) was a Somali faction leader and politician who was based south of Mogadishu in the Daynile District. He came in third position in Somalia's first election as a federal country  on 10 October 2004 and was subsequently appointed minister of public security in the government of Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi, He served as minister of security in 2006 but was dismissed after ignoring calls by the Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi to stop fighting forces of the Islamist Courts. He continued to participate actively in Somali political affairs being reelected to the first post transitional federal parliament of Somalia as a member of parliament, he resigned from his seat representing his (Murusade) clan in the summer of 2013, his seat in the Federal Parliament of Somalia was taken over by his son Cabdiweli Mohamed Qanyare.

Federal Parliament of Somalia
The Federal Parliament of Somalia (Somali: Golaha Shacabka Soomaaliya; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: البرلمان الاتحادي في الصومال) is the national parliament of Somalia. Formed in August 2012, it is based in the capital Mogadishu and is bicameral, consisting of an upper house (Senate) and a lower house (House of the People).
Strong law of small numbers
In mathematics, the "strong law of small numbers" is the humorous law that proclaims, in the words of Richard K. Guy (1988):

There aren't enough small numbers to meet the many demands made of them.

In other words, any given small number appears in far more contexts than may seem reasonable, leading to many apparently surprising coincidences in mathematics, simply because small numbers appear so often and yet are so few. Earlier (1980) this "law" was reported by Martin Gardner. Guy's subsequent 1988 paper of the same title gives numerous examples in support of this thesis.  (This paper earned him the MAA Lester R. Ford Award.)

The American Mathematical Monthly
The American Mathematical Monthly is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics. It was established by Benjamin Finkel in 1894 and is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Mathematical Association of America. It is an expository journal intended for a wide audience of mathematicians, from undergraduate students to research professionals. Articles are chosen on the basis of their broad interest and reviewed and edited for quality of exposition as well as content. The editor-in-chief is Annalisa Crannell.
The journal gives the Lester R. Ford Award annually to "authors of articles of expository excellence" published in the journal.
Al-Harbi
Alharbi or Al-Harbi (Arabic: الحربي) is an Arabic surname that refers to the Harb tribe, one of the Tribes of Arabia.

Notable people with the name include:

Hamad Al Harbi (born 1980), Kuwaiti footballer

Helal Al-Harbi (born 1990), Saudi Arabian footballer

Ibrahim Mater (born 1975), Saudi Arabian footballer

Mansoor Al-Harbi (born 1987), Saudi Arabian footballer

Mazi Salih al Harbi (1981–2006), Saudi Arabian who died at Guantanamo Bay

Mishal al Harbi (born 1980), Saudi Arabian held at Guantanamo Bay (released 2005)

Mishal Sayed Al-Harbi (born 1975), Kuwaiti sprinter

Mohsin Al-Harbi (born 1980), Omani footballer

Osama Al Harbi (born 1984), Saudi Arabian footballer

Saeed Al-Harbi (born 1981), Saudi Arabian footballer

Waleed Al-Harbi (born 1986), Saudi Arabian footballer

Hamad Al Harbi
Hamad Hamidi Al Harbi  is a Kuwaiti football forward who played for Kuwait in the 2004 Asian Cup. He also played for Al-Salmiya and Al Naser.
He started his career in 1997 with Al-Nasr Club and played his first match against Kazma at the age of seventeen and succeeded in scoring 13 goals in his first season (98/97). With Al-Nasr, he won the Al-Kharafi Revitalization Championship in 2000 and third place in the Crown Prince Cup competition.
He moved to Salmiya in 2005 for 15,000 Kuwaiti dinars on loan for two seasons, and scored two goals in his first match against Al Sahel in the Kharafi Championship and won with Salmiya third place in this tournament.
Harbi participated in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers for his country, scoring three goals.
1940–41 Slovenská liga
The 1940–41 Slovenská liga (English:Slovak league) was the third season of the Slovenská liga, the first tier of league football in the Slovak Republic, formerly part of Czechoslovakia until the German occupation of the country in March 1939.

In the Slovak Republic an independent Slovak league had been established in 1939 and played out its own championship which was won by ŠK Bratislava in 1940–41. In the German-annexed Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia a separate league, the  Národní liga (English:National league), was played and won by Slavia Prague in the 1940–41 season. (A national Czechoslovak championship was perforce not played between 1939 and 1945.)

Czechoslovak First League
The Czechoslovak First League (Czech: 1. fotbalová liga, Slovak: 1. futbalová liga) was the premier football league in Czechoslovakia from 1925 to 1993, with the exception of World War II. Czechoslovakia was occupied by German forces who formed Gauliga Sudetenland and Gauliga Böhmen und Mähren leagues on occupied territories. Until the 1934-35 season, no teams from Slovakia participated in the league.

Czechs were allowed to run their own league in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, while Slovaks were granted their own independent Slovak State and created their own league. After the World War II the league was recreated.
Jambes
Jambes (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃b] ⓘ; Walloon: Djambe) is a sub-municipality of the city of Namur located in the province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Namur.

Jambes is known for the former Géronsart Abbey, the 13th century Enhaive or Anhaive keep (donjon d'Enhaive or Anhaive), the old bridge on the river Meuse and the seat of the Government of Wallonia (Élysette).

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Hanno (given name)
Hanno is a male given name.

People named Hanno include:

Hanno Balitsch (born 1981), German footballer

Hanno Behrens (born 1990), German footballer

Hanno Dirksen (born 1991), South African rugby player

Hanno Douschan (born 1989), Austrian snowboarder

Hanno Drechsler (1931–2003), political scientist

Hanno Grossschmidt (born 1973), Estonian architect

Hanno Kitshoff (born 1984), South African rugby player

Hanno Koffler (born 1980), German actor and musician

Hanno Kompus (1890–1974), Estonian theatre director and art critic and historian

Hanno Melzer, German rower

Hanno Möttölä (born 1976), Finnish basketball player

Hanno Pevkur (born 1977), Estonian politician

Hanno Pöschl (born 1949), Austrian television actor

Hanno Rund (1925–1993), German mathematician

Hanno Selg (1932–2019), Estonian pentathlete

Hanno Teuteberg, South African naval officer

Hanno Selg
Hanno Selg (31 May 1932 – 2 October 2019) was an Estonian modern pentathlete.

He was a member of the Soviet Union's modern pentathlon Olympic silver medal winning team and an individual 10th place in the 1960 Summer Olympics.

He was also individual champion of the USSR in 1960 and 6-time champion of the Estonian SSR.
Omophron brettinghamae
Omophron brettinghamae is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is distributed in Bangladesh, Vietnam, Nepal and Myanmar.

It has a length of 3.5 to 4 mm and a width of 2.4 to 2.6 mm. Its colouring is a shiny, very dark metallic green with testaceous (dull red-brick) labrum, palpi, antennae, side margins of prothorax and elytra, apex of venter, and legs.

Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on each side. The prothorax never bears wings in extant insects (except in some cases of atavism), though some fossil groups possessed wing-like projections. All adult insects possess legs on the prothorax, though in a few groups (e.g., the butterfly family Nymphalidae) the forelegs are greatly reduced. In many groups of insects, the pronotum is reduced in size, but in a few it is hypertrophied, such as in all beetles (Coleoptera). In most treehoppers (family Membracidae, order Hemiptera), the pronotum is expanded into often fantastic shapes that enhance their camouflage or mimicry. Similarly, in the Tetrigidae, the pronotum is extended backward to cover the flight wings, supplanting the function of the tegmina.
Betts v Armstead
Betts v. Armstead, L.R. 20 Q.B.D. 771 (1888), was an English case decided by the Queen's Bench that adopted a strict liability standard and furthermore no requirement of knowledge or suspicion for violations of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 63).  The defendant contended that he did not know that his product did not abide by the standards of the statute, but the court held that there was no mens rea requirement for the violation.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
William Albert Patterson
William Albert Patterson (July 10, 1841 – June 14, 1917) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Colchester in the House of Commons of Canada from 1891 to 1896 as a member of the Conservative Party.

He was born in Pictou, Nova Scotia, the son of Abram Patterson and Christiana McGregor. He was a lumber merchant. In 1869, he married Bessie Campbell. Patterson represented Colchester County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1874 to 1886 as a Liberal-Conservative member. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1886. Patterson also served as a captain in the militia.

Pictou
Pictou (/ˈpɪktoʊ/ PIK-toh; Canadian Gaelic: Baile Phiogto; Mi'kmaq: Piktuk) is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the north shore of Pictou Harbour, the town is approximately 10 km (6 miles) north of the larger town of New Glasgow.

Once an active shipping port and the shire town of the county, today Pictou is primarily a local service centre for surrounding rural communities and the primary tourist destination in this region of Nova Scotia.

The name Pictou derives from the Mi'kmaq name Piktuk, meaning 'explosive place', a reference to the river of pitch that was found in the area, or perhaps from methane bubbling up from coal seams below the harbour. The surrounding region formed one part of the Mi'kmaw district Epekwitk aq Piktuk, one of the seven districts of Mi'kma'ki.
2013 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament
The 2013 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament (or Rotterdam Open) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It took place at the Rotterdam Ahoy arena in the Dutch city of Rotterdam, between 11 and 17 February 2013. It was the 41st edition of the Rotterdam Open, whose official name is the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament. The competition was part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2013 ATP World Tour. Second-seeded Juan Martín del Potro won the singles title.

Jesse Huta Galung
Jesse Huta Galung (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjɛsə ˈɦutaː ɡaːˈluŋ]; born 6 October 1985) is a former professional Dutch tennis player.

Huta Galung has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 91, achieved on 18 February 2014. He also has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 63, achieved on 19 May 2014.
Brehon Law Commission
The Brehon Law Commission was established in 1852 to translate the Senchus Érenn, a collection of early Irish legal tracts more commonly known as the Brehon Laws, a corrupted transliteration of the Irish word breatheamuin. James Henthorn Todd and Charles Graves had submitted an appeal to the short-lived British Conservative government in 1852.

Eugene O'Curry and John O'Donovan were appointed as translators. Facsimile copies of the original document we're created using the process of anastatic lithography which had been showcased by Samuel Cowell at the Great Exhibition of 1851.  The commission produced twenty facsimile copies in-house, under a license to use the patent costing £10 a year for three years. Some copies were circulated to major libraries and others were cut up to help produce a glossary for those involved in the translation.

Samuel Cowell
Samuel Harrison Cowell  (24 May 1801, Ipswich-1875) was a Suffolk businessman who pioneered anastatic lithography in Ipswich. Cowell issued leaflets at the Great Exhibition in 1851 to advertise the new technology.

His son, William Samuel Cowell, joined the family printing business, inheriting it in 1875. In 1900 he turned the business into W. S. Cowell Ltd.
William Clothier (tennis)
William 'Bill' Jackson Clothier (September 27, 1881 – September 4, 1962) was an American tennis player. He won the 1906 U.S. National Championships - Men's Singles and was the runner-up in 1907 and 1909. He reached the final round of the 1912 U.S. National Championships in mixed doubles with Eleonora Sears. He was a member of the United States 1905 and 1909 International Lawn Tennis Challenge teams. He was the first president of the International Tennis Hall of Fame and was inducted as a member in 1956.

1905 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1905 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the fifth edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. As defending champions, the British Isles team played host to the competition. The World Group ties were played at Queen's Club in London, England from 13–19 July, and the final was played on 21–24 July. Britain retained the Cup for their third championship.