hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transmission curve
The transmission curve or transmission characteristic is the mathematical function or graph that describes the transmission fraction of an optical or electronic filter as a function of frequency or wavelength. It is an instance of a transfer function but, unlike the case of, for example, an amplifier, output never exceeds input (maximum transmission is 100%). The term is often used in commerce, science, and technology to characterise filters.

The term has also long been  used in fields such as geophysics and astronomy to characterise the properties of regions through which radiation passes, such as the ionosphere.

Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.
Goca Božinovska
Gordana "Goca" Božinovska (Serbian Cyrillic: Гордана "Гоца" Божиновска; born 16 January 1965) is a Serbian pop-folk singer. Born in the village of Samaila near Kraljevo, she started her career by performing in kafanas dodging Ibar Highway alongside Vesna Zmijanac. Božinovska eventually rose to prominence after being discovered by singer Šaban Šaulić.

In 2013, she was a contestant on the reality show Farma, finishing in fourth place.

Božinovska was married to kick-boxer and alleged leader of Surčin Clan, Zoran Šijan, who was assassinated in 1999 under unresolved circumstances. She has three children.

Kafana
Kafana is a type of local coffeehouse, bistro or tavern, common in the countries of Southeast Europe, which originally served coffee and other warm drinks while today usually also offer alcoholic beverages and food. Many kafanas feature live music performances or themed nights.

The concept of a social gathering place for men to drink alcoholic beverages and coffee originated coterminously in Europe and Western Asia. It became popular in the Ottoman Empire and spread to Southeast Europe during Ottoman rule, further evolving into the contemporary kafana.
Henry Sears (architect)
Henry Sears FRAIC RCA OAA (October  30, 1929 – March 19, 2003) was a Canadian modernist architect, and an urban and gallery planner. He was a founding partner of both Klein & Sears Architects and Sears & Russell Architects Ltd. His work centred around social housing development on a neighbourhood scale. It spanned Canada, the United States and Europe.

Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC) is a not-for-profit, national organization that has represented architects and architecture for over 100 years, in existence since 1907. The RAIC is the leading voice for excellence in the built environment in Canada, demonstrating how design enhances the quality of life, while addressing important issues of society through responsible architecture. The RAIC’s mission is to promote excellence in the built environment and to advocate for responsible architecture. The organization national office is based in Ottawa with a growing federated chapter model. Current chapters and networks are based in British Columbia, Alberta and Nova Scotia.
One in a Million (Johnny Lee song)
"One in a Million" is a song written by Chick Rains, and recorded by American country music artist Johnny Lee. It was released in October 1980 as the second single from the album Lookin' for Love.  The song was Lee's second number one on the country chart.  The single stayed at number one for two weeks, and also spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart.

Johnny Lee (singer)
Johnny Lee (born John Lee Ham; July 3, 1946) is an American country music singer. His 1980 single "Lookin' for Love" became a crossover hit, spending three weeks at number 1 on the Billboard country singles chart while also appearing in the top 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and top 10 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. He racked up 17 top 40 country hits in the early and mid-1980s.
Rashaya al-Foukhar
Rashaya al-Foukhar, (Arabic: راشيا الفخار) is a municipality in the district of Hasbaya in the Nabatiye Governorate in southern Lebanon. It is located on the western slopes of Mount Hermon at an altitude starting at 750 m with the highest summit being at 1,250 m. The population is Greek Orthodox.

Mount Hermon
Mount Hermon (/ˈhɜːrmən/) is a mountain cluster constituting the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range. Its summit straddles the border between Syria and Lebanon and, at 2,814 m (9,232 ft) above sea level, is the highest point in Syria and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.

On the top, in the United Nations buffer zone between Syrian and Israeli-occupied territories, is the highest permanently manned UN position in the world, known as "Hermon Hotel", located at 2,814 metres (9,232 ft). The southern slopes of Mount Hermon extend to the Israeli-occupied portion of the Golan Heights, where the Mount Hermon ski resort is located with a top elevation of 2,040 metres (6,690 ft).
Locomotive
A locomotive is a rail vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, push–pull operation has become common, and in the pursuit for longer and heavier freight trains,  companies are increasingly using distributed power: single or multiple  locomotives placed at the front and rear and at intermediate points throughout the train under the control of the leading locomotive.

Driving wheel
On a steam locomotive, a driving wheel is a powered wheel which is driven by the locomotive's pistons (or turbine, in the case of a steam turbine locomotive). On a conventional, non-articulated locomotive, the driving wheels are all coupled together with side rods (also known as coupling rods); normally one pair is directly driven by the main rod, or connecting rod, which is connected to the end of the piston rod; power is transmitted to the others through the side rods.

On diesel and electric locomotives, the driving wheels may be directly driven by the traction motors. Coupling rods are not usually used, and it is quite common for each axle to have its own motor.  Jackshaft drive and coupling rods were used in the past (e.g. in the Swiss Crocodile locomotive) but their use is now confined to shunter locomotives.

On an articulated locomotive or a duplex locomotive, driving wheels are grouped into sets with wheels within each set linked together.
March 76A
The March 76A was an open-wheel formula racing car, designed, developed and built by British manufacturer and constructor, March Engineering, for Formula 5000 racing, in 1976. It won a single race in 1976, with Alan Jones at Watkins Glen. It was powered by the commonly used Chevrolet small-block engine. After its Formula 5000 career and use, it was converted into a closed-wheel sports prototype, where it was used in the revived Can-Am series. Its best result was a 5th-place finish.

1976 SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship
The 1976 SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship  was the tenth running of the SCCA Continental Championship open wheel racing series, and the third to be co-sanctioned by the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) and the United States Auto Club (USAC).

The championship was won by Brian Redman driving a Lola T332 Chevrolet. It was Redman's third consecutive SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship title win. For the first time in three years, a vehicle other than a Lola won a race, with March and Shadow winning one race each. 1976 also marked the first race win by a non-Chevrolet powered car since the 1971 season, with a Dodge-powered Shadow winning at Road America.

1976 was to be the final year of the SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship as the SCCA replaced it with a revived Can Am Series for 1977. The rules for the new series were to allow the Formula 5000 cars to compete with fully enveloping bodywork.
Oldenzaal railway station
Oldenzaal is a railway station located in the centre of Oldenzaal, Netherlands. The station was opened on 18 October 1865 and is located on the Almelo–Salzbergen railway. Train services are operated by Syntus. From December 2010-December 2013, Syntus operated a cross-border local train between Hengelo, Oldenzaal and Bad Bentheim with the name "Grensland Express". Service was suspended due to a lack of passengers. On 14 January 2018, this route was reinstated when Eurobahn extended its service from Bad Bentheim to Hengelo.

There was another station, close to the main Oldenzaal station, called Oldenzaal EO for train services to Boekelo (1890-1934). There was also a tram line to Denekamp (1903-1936).

Keolis Nederland
Keolis Nederland is a public transport company operating bus and passenger train services in the Netherlands. Originally created as Syntus and owned by Connexxion, Keolis and Nederlandse Spoorwegen, since 2012 Keolis Nederland has been a 100% subsidiary of Keolis. Syntus is an acronym for Synergy between Train and Bus.
Podjanowszczyzna
Podjanowszczyzna [pɔdjanɔfʂˈt͡ʂɨzna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokółka, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

Sokółka County
Sokółka County (Polish: powiat sokólski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It was created on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sokółka, which lies 39 kilometres (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Białystok. The county also contains the towns of Dąbrowa Białostocka, lying 30 km (19 mi) north of Sokółka, Krynki, lying 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Sokółka, and Suchowola, 33 km (21 mi) north-west of Sokółka.

The county covers an area of 2,054.42 square kilometres (793.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 67,055, out of which the population of Sokółka is 18,134, that of Dąbrowa Białostocka is 5,520, that of Krynki is 2,405, that of Suchowola is 2,183, and the rural population is 38,813.
Lyman Enos Knapp
Lyman Enos Knapp (November 5, 1837 – October 9, 1904) was an American lawyer, journalist, and politician who served as the Governor of the District of Alaska from 1889 to 1893. He was also a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1884 to 1885.

District of Alaska
The District of Alaska was the federal government’s designation for Alaska from May 17, 1884, to August 24, 1912, when it became the Territory of Alaska. Previously (1867–1884) it had been known as the Department of Alaska, a military designation.

The designation as a district meant that Alaska became an incorporated but unorganized territory with a civil government. The governor of the District of Alaska was appointed by the president of the United States.
X-Mass Festival
X-Mas Festival was a heavy metal festival/tour held annually in Europe from 1999 to 2005. It was organized by the Belgian booking agency Metallysee. The 2006 and 2007 editions have been cancelled, and the future of the festival is in doubt. Metallysee plans to launch a new tour in January 2008 under the name Black Winter Festival.

Dying Fetus
Dying Fetus is an American death metal band from Greater Upper Marlboro, Maryland, formed in 1991. Various lineup changes throughout the years have left John Gallagher as the sole remaining original member, as well as the band's driving force. According to Gallagher, the band name was chosen while the members were young and was intended to be offensive. To date, Dying Fetus has released nine studio albums.
Watson, Saskatchewan
Watson is a town of 777 residents in the Rural Municipality of Lakeside No. 338, in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Watson is located on the intersection of Highway 5 and Highway 6, the Canam Highway. Watson is approximately the same distance from Saskatoon which is to the west, and Regina to the south, which gives rise to its town motto, "Industrial Crossroads of Saskatchewan".

Max McNab
Maxwell Douglas McNab (June 21, 1924 – September 2, 2007) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player, coach, and National Hockey League (NHL) general manager. He played in the NHL with the Detroit Red Wings between 1947 and 1951, winning the Stanley Cup with them in 1950. The rest of his playing career, which lasted from 1945 to 1959, was spent in various minor leagues.

McNab's coaching and management career included stints as the general manager of the Washington Capitals and New Jersey Devils between 1976 and 1987. He also spent time as president of the Central Hockey League; the Max McNab Trophy, awarded to the MVP of the league playoffs, would later be named in his honour. In 1998, McNab was awarded the Lester Patrick Trophy in recognition of his contributions to hockey in the United States.
Carbon Grey
Carbon Grey is a comic book mini-series created by artist Hoang Nguyen (Punisher: War Zone, Alien Legion), and published by Image Comics. Set against the backdrop of a great war. The series follows twin sisters Mathilde and Giselle Grey, members of a noble family dedicated to protecting the Kaiser of Mitteleuropa, as they struggle to reconcile duty with their own beliefs and ambitions. When the Kaiser is killed a vast conspiracy is uncovered, centered on a prophecy made long ago by Gottfaust, father to the Greys and hero of Mitteleuropa, that the 13th sister – the Carbon Grey – will one day spark a revolution.

The Punisher War Zone
The Punisher War Zone or Punisher War Zone is a comic book spin-off title featuring the Punisher, a fictional character published by Marvel Comics. The 2008 Marvel film, Punisher: War Zone was loosely based on the series.
Raphaël Daubet
Raphaël Frédéric Daubet (French pronunciation: [ʁafaɛl dobɛ]; born 17 January 1977) is a French politician who has represented Lot in the Senate since 2023. A member of the Radical Party, he was previously a member of the Regional Council of Occitania for Lot (2016–2021) and the Departmental Council of Lot for the canton of Martel (2021–2023), and served as mayor of Floirat (2014–2020) and Martel (2020–2023). From 2020 to 2023, Daubet was also president of the communauté de communes Causses et Vallée de la Dordogne.

In 2025 he published Vieux pays, a book on his native Dordogne and Quercy.

2023 French Senate election
Senatorial elections took place on 24 September 2023 to renew 172 of the 348 seats in the Senate of the French Fifth Republic. The Republicans, led by Bruno Retailleau, emerged as the largest group for the fourth consecutive cycle, but lost 12 seats.
The Headmaster (book)
The Headmaster: Frank L. Boyden of Deerfield is a 1966 book by John McPhee, profiling Frank Boyden, the long-time headmaster of Deerfield Academy. The book was expanded from a magazine profile in The New Yorker.

John McPhee
John Angus McPhee (born March 8, 1931) is an American author. He is considered one of the pioneers of creative nonfiction. He is a four-time finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in the category General Nonfiction, and he won that award on the fourth occasion in 1999 for Annals of the Former World (a collection of five books, including two of his previous Pulitzer finalists). In 2008, he received the George Polk Career Award for his "indelible mark on American journalism during his nearly half-century career". Since 1974, McPhee has been the Ferris Professor of Journalism at Princeton University.
Shaham
Shaham or Shacham (Hebrew: שחם) is a Hebrew surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Assaf Shaham, Israeli artist

Gil Shaham, American and Israeli violinist

Hagai Shaham, Israeli-born American violinist

Hovav Shacham, "S" in BLS digital signature

Nathan Shaham, Israeli writer

Ofir Shaham (born 2004), Israeli team world champion rhythmic gymnast

Orli Shaham, Israeli-born American pianist

Rinat Shaham, Israeli-born singer

Ofir Shaham
Ofir Shaham (Hebrew: אופיר שחם; born 23 November 2004) is a retired Israeli team world champion  rhythmic gymnast. She won a 2022 European Championship gold medal in the group All-Around, and a 2022 World Championships silver medal in the same category. The following year at the 2023 World Championships, she won two team gold medals, one in the Group All-Around and one in the 3 Ribbons + 2 Balls. Shaham represented Israel at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the Women's rhythmic team all-around, in which Team Israel won the silver medal.
Great Bradley
Great Bradley (also known as Bradley Magna: 148 ) is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. According to Eilert Ekwall the meaning of the village name is the "wide clearing". The population is about 400 and includes Little Bradley.

West Suffolk District
West Suffolk District is a local government district in Suffolk, England. It was established in 2019 as a merger of the previous Forest Heath District with the Borough of St Edmundsbury. The council is based in Bury St Edmunds, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Brandon, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall and Newmarket, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. In 2021 it had a population of 180,820.

The neighbouring districts are Mid Suffolk, Babergh, Braintree, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire, King's Lynn and West Norfolk and Breckland.
Nanfangquan station
Nanfangquan station is located at the intersection of Nanhu Road and Xinglong Road in Binhu District, Wuxi. It is the southern terminus of Wuxi Metro Line 1. The station was completed and put into operation on September 28, 2019, as part of its southern extension.

Binhu, Wuxi
Binhu District (simplified Chinese: 滨湖区; traditional Chinese: 濱湖區; pinyin: Bīnhú Qū) is one of six urban districts and the municipal seat of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.

Located in the delta hinterland of the Yangtze River to the southwest of Wuxi City, the district has an area of 608.58 square kilometres (234.97 sq mi), of which 262.49 square kilometres (101.35 sq mi) is land, and a total population of 310,000.

Binhu district is the cradle of the ancient Wu culture and the birthplace of modern industrial and town-based enterprises.
Castell (surname)
Castell is a surname of  English or Catalan origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Adela Castell (1864–1926), Uruguayan educator, writer, and poet

Alan Castell (1943–2024), English cricketer

David Castell, American record producer, musician and recording engineer

Edmund Castell (1606–1685), English orientalist

John Castell (aka John Castle), 15th-century Master of University College, Oxford, and a Chancellor of the university

Jordan Castell, American football player

José María Castell (1896–1981), Spanish footballer

Lacksley Castell (1962–1984), Jamaican reggae singer

Patricia Castell (1926–2013), Argentine actress

Sir William Castell (born 1947), British businessman

Alan Castell
Alan Terry Castell (6 August 1943 – 17 November 2024) was an English cricketer who played for Hampshire between 1961 and 1971 at both first-class and List A level. He began his career as a leg-break and googly bowler, but later switched to medium-pace. In 112 first-class appearances, he took nearly 230 wickets.
Verona Walk, Florida
Verona Walk is a census-designated place (CDP) in Collier County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,713 at the 2020 census, up from 1,782 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Naples, Florida
Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,115, down from 19,539 at the 2010 census. Naples is a principal city of the Naples–Marco Island metropolitan area, which had a population of about 375,752 as of 2020.

Naples is the self-titled "Golf Capital of the World" with the second-most golf holes per capita and the most holes of any city in Florida. The city is also known for being appealing to retirees, who make up a large percentage of the population.
Hacienda San José de Miravalle
Hacienda San José de Miravalle is a former mezcal-producing hacienda and currently a rural inactive community of the municipality of San Martín de Hidalgo in central Jalisco, Mexico. During the early twentieth-century, the hacienda was known for its productivity of mezcal business until the Mexican agrarian reform and other uprisings caused it dissolution.

Land reform
Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution.

Land reform is often considered a contentious process, as land is a key driver of a wide range of social, political and economic outcomes. The structure and distribution of land rights has been linked to state formation, economic growth, inequality, political violence, and identity politics, making land reform highly consequential for the long-term structures of society.
Leventina District
The Leventina District is one of the eight districts of the largely Italian-speaking canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital of the district is Faido but the largest town is Airolo on the southern flank of the Gotthard Pass.

Situated to the north of the canton, its territory covers the area of the river Ticino as far south as Biasca, in particular the Bedretto Valley and the Leventina Valley.

Leventina is divided into four sub-districts, termed 'circles' (Italian: circoli), and a total area of 479.57 km2 (185.16 sq mi) with a population of 8,827 (as of 31 December 2020). Its capital is the municipality (Italian: comune) of Faido. The valley became part of Switzerland on 5 March 1480, following the treaty of Lucerne with the Duchy of Milan.

Circle (administrative division)
Circle is a type of administrative division of some countries. In Thailand the former monthon are translated as circle. The former Holy Roman Empire was organized into Imperial Circles (German: Reichskreise). Algerian daïras are circles.
East Africa Exchanges 20 Share Index
The East Africa Exchanges (EAE) 20 Share Index is the first integrated stock index for the East African region. It was officially launched in April 2025 by the East African Securities Exchanges Association (EASEA) to boost regional capital market integration. The Index consists of the 20 leading listed companies from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda, with five companies from each country, accounting for over 85% of regional market capitalization.

Market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.

Market capitalization is equal to the market price per common share multiplied by the number of common shares outstanding.