hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ryan Turner
Ryan Turner is a retired American soccer midfielder who played professionally in the USL A-League.

Turner played for the Santos Soccer Club in Arizona which went to the finals of the McGuire Cup (U-19 U.S. Youth National Championship).
Turner attended the University of Notre Dame.  He played three years for the Fighting Irish, scoring twenty-one goals in sixty-two games.  He was a 1998 Academic All American and graduated with a Bachelor of Business Administration in Finance.  In February 1999, the Kansas City Wizards selected him in the second round (fourteenth overall) of the 1999 MLS Supplemental Draft.  The Wizard released him during the preseason and Turner signed with the Charleston Battery of the USL A-League.  The Battery released him during the season and he finished the year with the Myrtle Beach Seadawgs.  Turner retired at the end of the season and joined Morgan Stanley Smith Barney.

Morgan Stanley Wealth Management
Morgan Stanley Wealth Management is an American multinational financial services corporation specializing in retail brokerage. It is the wealth & asset management division of Morgan Stanley.
On January 13, 2009, Morgan Stanley and Citigroup announced that Citigroup would sell 51% of Smith Barney to Morgan Stanley, creating Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, which was formerly a division of Citi Global Wealth Management. The combined brokerage house has 17,646 financial advisors and manages $2 trillion in client assets. Clients range from individual investors to small- and mid-sized businesses, as well as large corporations, non-profit organizations and family foundations.

On September 25, 2012, Morgan Stanley announced that its U.S. wealth management business was renamed "Morgan Stanley Wealth Management". The broker-dealer designation for Morgan Stanley Wealth Management will remain "Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC".
Arnaldo (footballer, born 1894)
Arnaldo Patusca da Silveira (6 August 1894 – 24 June 1980), known as Arnaldo, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a forward. He made 14 appearances for the Brazil national team from 1914 to 1919. He was also part of Brazil's squad for the 1916, 1917, and 1919 South American Championship.

1917 South American Championship
The 1917 South American Championship of Nations was the second edition of the continental tournament now known as the Copa América. It was held in Montevideo, Uruguay from 30 September to 14 October 1917. Hosts Uruguay retained the title after winning 1–0 over Argentina in the last match of the competition. Ángel Romano from Uruguay finished as the top scorer of the tournament with 4 goals.
Technical Systems Consultants
Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) was a United States software company.
Headquartered first in West Lafayette, Indiana (it was started by Don Kinzer and Dave Shirk, EE graduate students at Purdue University) and later (1980) moved to Chapel Hill, North Carolina, it was the foremost supplier of software for SWTPC compatible hardware, as well as many other early makes of personal computers. Their software included operating systems (Flex, mini-FLEX, FLEX09, and UniFlex) and various languages (several BASIC variants, FORTRAN, Pascal, C and assemblers).

Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapel Hill is a town in the counties of Orange and Durham, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 61,960 in the 2020 United States census, making Chapel Hill the 17th-most populous municipality in the state. Chapel Hill and Durham make up the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 608,879 in 2023. When it is combined with Raleigh, the state capital, they make up the corners of the Research Triangle (officially the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area), which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.

The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street, covering 21.3 square miles (55 km2). It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence. Local artists have created many murals in the town.
2013 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference baseball tournament
The 2013 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference baseball tournament began on May 15 and ended on May 19 at Marty L. Miller Field, on the campus of Norfolk State University in Norfolk, Virginia.  It was an eight-team double elimination tournament.  South Division top seed Savannah State won their first tournament championship to claim the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference's automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.  The Tigers defeated Bethune-Cookman, who had claimed thirteen of the fourteen tournament championships, with North Carolina A&T winning the other.

Marty L. Miller Field
Marty L. Miller Field is a baseball venue in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. It is home to the Norfolk State Spartans baseball team of the NCAA Division I Northeast Conference. The venue is named for former Norfolk State baseball coach Marty Miller. Built in 1997, it has a capacity of 1,500 spectators.
Zuma (surname)
Zuma is a South African surname. Outside of South Africa, it is also prevalent in several other African countries and in Brazil.

Notable people with this surname include:

Cyril Zuma (1985–2015), South African footballer

Brumelda Zuma, daughter of Jacob Zuma

Duduzane Zuma (born 1982), son of Jacob Zuma

Jacob Zuma (born 1942), former President of South Africa and the African National Congress

Khulubuse Zuma, South African businessman, nephew of Jacob Zuma

Luyanda Zuma (born 2001), South African actress and beauty pageant titleholder

Lwandiswa Zuma (born 1996), South African cricketer

Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma (born 1949), South African politician and anti-apartheid activist

Sibusiso Zuma (born 1975), South African footballer

Thuthukile Zuma (born 1989), daughter of Jacob Zuma

Cyril Zuma
Cyril Zuma (14 February 1985 – 4 September 2015) was a South African football midfielder who played for seven clubs in a seven-year career and captained the under-23 national team, then led by Steve Komphela. Zuma died in September 2015, after a car accident the previous month had left him in a coma.
Vi coactus
Vi coactus (V.C.) is a Latin term meaning 'having been forced' or 'having been compelled'. In Latin, cōgō means 'I compel' or 'I force'. The passive participle of cōgō is coāctus, meaning 'having been forced' or 'having been compelled' or 'coerced'.

"Vi coactus" or "V.C." is used with a signature to indicate that the signer was under duress. The signer uses such marking to signal that the agreement was made under duress, and that it is their belief that it invalidates their signature.

Signature
A signature (/ˈsɪɡnɪtʃər, ˈsɪɡnətʃər/; from Latin: signare, "to sign") is a depiction of someone's name, nickname, or even a simple "X" or other mark that a person writes on documents as a proof of identity and intent. Signatures are often, but not always, handwritten or stylized. The writer of a signature is a signatory or signer. A signature may be confused with an autograph, which is chiefly an artistic signature. This can lead to confusion when people have both an autograph and signature and as such some people in the public eye keep their signatures private whilst fully publishing their autograph.
Deora (clan)
Deora (Hindi: देवड़ा, romanized: Devrā) or Devda, Devra is an Indian clan of Rajputs. They were an off-shoot of the Chauhan Rajputs and claim Agnivanshi descent. The Deora dynasty historically ruled over Bhinmal, Sirohi and Chandravati. Rao Deoraj was the progenitor of the Deora clan.

Sirohi
Sirohi is a town, located in Sirohi district in southern Rajasthan state in western India. It is the administrative headquarters of Sirohi District and was formerly the capital of the princely state of Sirohi ruled by Deora Chauhan Rajput rulers. The nearest railway station to Sirohi is Sirohi Road railway station. Sirohi got first rank in 33 districts of Rajasthan for "Swachha Bharat Abhiyaan" in year 2014.
Zuglio
Zuglio (Friulian: Zui) is a comune (municipality), former bishopric and Latin Catholic titular see in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the northeastern Italian autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Udine, in the Val Bût.

Its territory includes the pieve (parish church) of San Pietro in Carnia, one of the oldest churches in Friuli. Zuglio is also home to an archaeological museum including remains from the old Roman town (Iulium Carnicum) and the whole Carnia.

Archdiocese of Udine
The Archdiocese of Udine (Latin: Archidioecesis Utinensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. The see was established in 1752 when the Patriarchal see of Aquileia was divided. From 1818 to 1846 it was a suffragan diocese of the Patriarch of Venice.
.lgbt
.lgbt is a sponsored top-level domain for the LGBTQ community, sponsored by Identity Digital. The domain name was delegated to the Root Zone on 18 July 2014. The creation of .lgbt is meant to promote diversity and LGBTQ businesses, and is open to LGBTQ businesses, organizations, and anyone wishing to reach the LGBTQ community.

Identity Digital
Identity Digital Inc. is a company with affiliated entities that operate in the domain name industry, including a domain name registrar and registry services provider. It is owned by the private equity firm Ethos Capital. The company acquired the registry operator and back-end registry services divisions of Afilias, Inc. in 2020. Both Donuts Inc. (the parent company) and Afilias Inc. were rebranded and brought under the single company brand name Identity Digital in 2022.
Naseem Begum
Naseem Begum (Urdu: نسِیم بیگم), (24 February 1936 – 29 September 1971) was a famous Pakistani film playback singer. She was known as The Tradegy Queen for singing sorrowful and downhearted songs in films.

She rose to prominence in the late 1950s, and by 1964, she had won the prestigious Nigar Awards on four occasions. Despite originally being billed as a Second Noor Jehan, Naseem Begum quickly carved out her own successful niche in the Pakistani film industry.

She was the original singer of the popular song "Aye Rah-e-Haq Ke Shaheedo".

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
Gooden
Gooden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ahmad Gooden (born 1995), American football player

Arthur Henry Gooden (1879–1971), British playwright

Billy Gooden (1923–1998), Canadian ice hockey player

Carlota Gooden (born 1936), Panamanian sprinter

C. Harrie Gooden (1867–1905) Australian painter

Drew Gooden (born 1981), American basketball player

Drew Gooden (YouTuber) (born 1993), American YouTuber

Dwight Gooden (born 1964), American baseball player

John Gooden (1920–1950) Australian physicist

Lancelot Gooden, Australian architect who worked with Daniel Garlick in Adelaide in the early 20th century

Sam Gooden (1934–2022), American soul singer, member of The Impressions

Shannon Gooden, perpetrator of the 2024 Burnsville shooting

Stacy-Ann Gooden (21st century), American model and journalist

Stephen Gooden (1892–1955), British artist and engraver

Tavares Gooden (born 1984), American college football player

Ty Gooden (born 1972), English footballer

Stacy-Ann Gooden
Stacy-Ann Gooden is a Jamaican-born American model and weather reporter. Formerly presenting on NY1, she previously worked at several stations in the New York metropolitan area including WNYW, WRNN-TV, and the News 12 Networks. She is now at WPIX, New York City.
Ensemble learning
In statistics and machine learning, ensemble methods use multiple learning algorithms to obtain better predictive performance than could be obtained from any of the constituent learning algorithms alone.
Unlike a statistical ensemble in statistical mechanics, which is usually infinite, a machine learning ensemble consists of only a concrete finite set of alternative models, but typically allows for much more flexible structure to exist among those alternatives.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Murder of the Maguad siblings
The murder of the Maguad siblings, Crizzlle Gwynn, Orbe Maguad and Crizvlle Louis "Boyboy" Orbe Maguad, occurred in their home in Barangay Bagontapay, M'lang, Cotabato, Philippines, on December 10, 2021. The incident drew national attention after it was revealed that the family's 16-year-old adopted daughter, Janice Sebial Emuelin—who claimed to have survived a home invasion—later confessed to planning and participating in the crime along with another minor. Both Sebial and her accomplice were sentenced to an indefinite period of 22–37 years of imprisonment. Sebial said she committed the crime out of envy and hatred toward the siblings.

M'lang
M'lang, officially the Municipality of M'lang (Hiligaynon: Banwa sang M'lang; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Melang, Jawi: ايڠايد نو ملڠ), is a municipality in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 98,195 people.
2017 Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships
The 2017 Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships will be a professional tennis tournament played on carpet. It will be the 21st edition of the tournament which will be part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It will take place in Kyoto, Japan between 20 and 26 February.

Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships
The Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships (島津全日本室内テニス選手権大会, Shimazu Zen Nihon Shitsunai Tenisu Senshuken Taikai) is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts, founded as the All Japan Indoors in 1964. It is currently part of the International Tennis Federation (ITF) ITF Women's Tour and it is held annually in Kyoto, Japan. From 1997 to 2018, it was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour.
Ariston (strategos)
Ariston of Trichonion was a strategos of the Aetolians in 221 BC, who, labouring under some bodily defect, left the command of the troops to Scopas and Dorimachus, while he himself remained at home. Notwithstanding the declarations of the Achaeans to regard every one as an enemy who should trespass upon the territories of Messenia or Achaia, the Aetolian commanders invaded Peleponnesus, and Ariston was stupid enough, in the face of this fact, to assert that the Aetolians and Achaeans were at peace with each other.

Strategos
Strategos (pl.  strategoi), also known by its Latinised form strategus, is a Greek term meaning 'military general'. In the Hellenistic world and in the Byzantine Empire, the term also described a military governor. In the modern Hellenic Army, it is the highest officer rank.
Multiplicative binary search
In computer science, multiplicative binary search is a variation
of binary search that uses a specific permutation of keys in an array instead of the sorted order used by regular binary
search.
Multiplicative binary search was first described by Thomas Standish in 1980.
This algorithm was originally proposed to simplify the midpoint index calculation on small computers without efficient division or shift operations.
On modern hardware, the cache-friendly nature of multiplicative binary search makes it suitable for out-of-core search on block-oriented storage as an alternative to B-trees and B+ trees.  For optimal performance, the branching factor of a B-tree or B+-tree must match the block size of the file system that it is stored on.  The permutation used by multiplicative binary search places the optimal number of keys in the first (root) block, regardless of block size.

Multiplicative binary search is used by some optimizing compilers to implement switch statements.

Optimizing compiler
An optimizing compiler is a compiler designed to generate code that is optimized in aspects such as minimizing program execution time, memory usage, storage size, and power consumption. Optimization is generally implemented as a sequence of optimizing transformations, a.k.a. compiler optimizations – algorithms that transform code to produce semantically equivalent code optimized for some aspect.

Optimization is limited by a number of factors. Theoretical analysis indicates that some optimization problems are NP-complete, or even undecidable. Also, producing perfectly optimal code is not possible since optimizing for one aspect often degrades performance for another (see: superoptimization). Optimization is a collection of heuristic methods for improving resource usage in typical programs.: 585
Big Sur Village, California
Big Sur Village is an unincorporated community in the Big Sur region, in Monterey County, California, United States.  It is located along a 1-mile-long (1.6 km) stretch of Big Sur Coast Highway in the Big Sur Valley 24 miles (39 km)  south of Carmel, California. The village contains the largest collection of shops and visitor services along the entire 71-mile (114 km) segment of California State Route 1 between Malpaso Creek near Carmel Highlands in the north and San Carpóforo Creek near San Simeon in the south. The population of the entire coastal region is about 1,463. The collection of small roadside businesses and homes is often confused with the larger region, also known as Big Sur.: 2   On March 6, 1915, United States Post Office granted the English-speaking residents' request to change the name of their post office from Arbolado to Big Sur.: 8 : 7  Caltrans also refers to the village as Big Sur.

Caltrans
The California Department of Transportation, branded as Caltrans, is an executive department of the U.S. state of California. The department is part of the cabinet-level California State Transportation Agency (CalSTA). Caltrans is headquartered in Sacramento.

Caltrans manages the state's highway system, which includes the California Freeway and Expressway System, supports public transportation systems throughout the state and provides funding and oversight for three state-supported Amtrak intercity rail routes (Capitol Corridor, Pacific Surfliner and Gold Runner) which are collectively branded as Amtrak California.

In 2015, Caltrans released a new mission statement: "Provide a safe, sustainable, integrated and efficient transportation system to enhance California's economy and livability."
Wirthlin
Wirthlin is a Swiss surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joseph B. Wirthlin (1917–2008), American businessman and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The LDS Church

Joseph L. Wirthlin (1893–1963), the eighth presiding bishop of The LDS Church

LeRoy S. Wirthlin (born 1935), professor at Harvard Medical School and later a practicing surgeon

Richard Wirthlin (1931–2011), prominent American pollster, Ronald Reagan's chief strategist

Joseph B. Wirthlin
Joseph Bitner Wirthlin (June 11, 1917 – December 1, 2008) was an American businessman, religious leader and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was sustained to the Twelve on October 4, 1986, and ordained an apostle on October 9, 1986, by Thomas S. Monson. He became an apostle following the death of church president Spencer W. Kimball. As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Wirthlin was accepted by the church membership as a prophet, seer, and revelator.
Bunting v. Oregon
Bunting v. Oregon, 243 U.S. 426 (1917), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld a ten-hour work day, which was accepted for both men and women, but the state minimum-wage laws were not changed until 20 years later.

Future Supreme Court justice Felix Frankfurter, along with future Oregon Supreme Court justices George M. Brown and John O. Bailey, represented Oregon on the appeal. W. Lair Thompson and former Senator for Oregon Charles W. Fulton represented Bunting.

Charles W. Fulton
Charles William Fulton (August 24, 1853 – January 27, 1918) was an American lawyer and politician in the state of Oregon. A native of Ohio, he grew up in Iowa and Nebraska before settling in Astoria, Oregon. A Republican, he served in the Oregon State Senate, including time as President of the Senate, before he was elected as United States Senator from Oregon.
Zhang Ji (Derong)
Zhang Ji (died 223), courtesy name Derong, was an official who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. During the Battle of Tong Pass, Zhang Ji, Xiahou Yuan and others defended the city of Chang'an from attacks by the warlord Ma Chao and his allies. From 213 to 220, Zhang Ji served as the Inspector of Yong Province. In 220, after the Han dynasty ended and the Three Kingdoms period started, Zhang Ji served under the state of Cao Wei as the Inspector of Liang Province. In 221, he quelled a Lushuihu rebellion in the Hexi Corridor.

He earned some merit for his administration during this time. His son, Zhang Ji (张缉, courtesy name Jingzhong (敬仲)), also served as an official in the Cao Wei state, and was the father of Cao Fang's Empress Zhang.

Lushuihu
The Lushuihu (simplified Chinese: 卢水胡; traditional Chinese: 盧水胡; pinyin: Lúshuǐhú; Wade–Giles: Lu-shui-hu; lit. 'Lu River Barbarians') were an ethnic group that lived in ancient China. They are known for founding the Northern Liang dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and for their role in Gai Wu's rebellion against the Northern Wei dynasty that led to the first of the Four Buddhist Persecutions in China. While classified as a branch of the "Xiongnu" in more recent historiographies, early records treat the Lushuihu as a distinct group, and their exact origin is still debated by scholars today.
Otto Wallmark
Otto Alexander Bernhard Wallmark (December 12, 1830 – November 20, 1901) was an American politician and businessman.

Wallmark was born in Asige, Halland County, Sweden. He emigrated to the United States and settled in Chisago County, Minnesota in 1854. He lived in Chisago City, Minnesota with his wife and family and was a merchant. He served as the Chisago County Auditor and also served as the postmaster for Chisago City. Wallmark served in the Minnesota Senate from 1887 to 1890 and was a Republican.

Halland County
Halland County (Swedish: Hallands län, [ˈhǎlːan(d)s ˈlɛːn]) is a county (län) on the western coast of Sweden. It corresponds roughly to the cultural and historical province of Halland. The capital is Halmstad. Prince Julian, the son of Prince Carl Philip, is Duke of Halland.

It borders the counties of Västra Götaland, Jönköping, Kronoberg, Scania and the sea of the Kattegat.