hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tribute
A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/; from Latin tributum, "contribution") is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of lands which the state conquered. In the case of alliances, lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance. Tributes are different from taxes, as they are not collected in the same regularly routine manner that taxes are. Further, with tributes, a recognition of political submission by the payer to the payee is uniquely required.

Military alliance
A military alliance is a formal agreement between nations that specifies mutual obligations regarding national security. In the event a nation is attacked, members of the alliance are often obligated to come to their defense regardless if attacked directly. Military alliances can be classified into defense pacts, non-aggression pacts, and ententes. Alliances may be covert (as was common from 1870 to 1916) or public.

According to a 2002 dataset of military alliances, there have been 538 alliance treaties from 1815 to 2003. The vast majority of the alliances involve commitments to come to the military support of one ally involved in war. The vast majority are defensive in nature. Since the end of the Second World War, military alliances have usually behaved less aggressively and act more as a deterrent. A 2025 analysis of alliances across the 19th and 20th century found that alliances overall tend to deter war.
Try Not to Breathe
Try Not to Breathe (Azerbaijani: Çalış, nəfəs alma, Russian: Постарайся не дышать) is a 2006 Azerbaijani short film directed by Alina Abdullayeva.

In 2007 the film took part at the Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival. In 2008 the film participated at the Salento Finibus Terrae International Short Film Festival where the film's director Alina Abdullayeva won an award for Best Director.

Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival
Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival is an international film festival dedicated to short films held annually in Clermont-Ferrand, France.

It is the second largest film festival in France after Cannes in terms of audience and professional attendance. Known as the best short film festival in France, Clermont-Ferrand unites around 160,000 professionals and filmgoers. Its industry platform, short film distribution system, and steady growth of the festival’s attendance justify its right to be called the number one short film festival in the world.
Mark Hicks
Mark Hicks (1949-1977)  of Manhattan Beach, California, was a figurative and abstract painter. He was also a quadriplegic, since falling out of a tree at age 12.  Hicks was the subject of the 1977 Academy Award-winning documentary short Gravity Is My Enemy, produced by his art teacher at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Jan Stussy, and directed by John C. Joseph. The life and work of Mark Hicks is examined in this documentary, along with a discussion of his being a student at UCLA, culminating with his first gallery show in San Francisco.

Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis (paraplegia is similar but affects the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord, and arm function is retained). The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic. A loss of sensory function can present as an impairment or complete inability to sense light touch, pressure, heat, pinprick/pain, and proprioception. In these types of spinal cord injury, it is common to have a loss of both sensation and motor control.
Salman, Ordu
Salman is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Akkuş, Ordu Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,877 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is situated in the mountainous area of Black Sea Region.

According to town page, Salman was founded by Chepni people, a Turkmen tribe. It was named after Selman Pasha who was a commander of Danishmends (11-12th century)  After the disintegration of Seljuks of Turkey, the area around the settlement was captured by the beylik (principality) of Hacıemiroğulları (see Beyliks of Canik).  But in the 15th century it was incorporated into Ottoman realm. In 1989 it was declared a seat of township. The town is surrounded by forests . In the limited agricultural land hazelnut, corn and kale are among the main crops. Beehiving and carpet weaving are other economic activities.

Beyliks of Canik
Beyliks of Canik (Turkish: Canik beylikleri) was a group of small Turkish principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Anthony Bryer connects the toponym Chanik with the name "Chani" which the Laz people call themselves.
Benjamin Bildstein
Benjamin Bildstein (born 16 January 1992) is an Austrian sailor. He competed in the 49er events at the 2020 Summer Olympics, where he finished 10th, and the 2024 Olympics, where he finished 14th. He competed in both Olympics alongside David Hussl.

49er (dinghy)
The 49er is a double-handed skiff-type high-performance sailing dinghy. The two crew work on different roles with the helm making many tactical decisions, as well as steering, and the crew doing most of the sail control. Both of the crew are equipped with their own trapeze and sailing is done while cantilevered over the water to the fullest extent to balance against the sails.

The 49er was designed by Julian Bethwaite (the son of Frank Bethwaite) and developed by a consortium consisting of Bethwaites, Performance Sailcraft Japan, Peter Johnston, and Ovington boats. The boat has been an Olympic class since it was selected by the International Sailing Federation to be the men's high performance double handed dinghy Sydney Summer Games of 2000. Its derivative featuring a re-designed rig, the 49er FX, was selected by World Sailing to be the women's high performance double-hander at the Rio Summer Olympics of 2016.
Hugh Willoughby, 15th Baron Willoughby of Parham
Hugh, 15th Baron Willoughby of Parham FSA (1713 – 17 January 1765) was an English nobleman and hereditary peer of the House of Lords. He was born in 1713, the eldest son of Charles Willoughby, 14th Baron Willoughby of Parham and Hester, daughter of Henry Davenport of Little Lever and Darcy Lever, near Bolton. Hugh Willoughby's father died on 12 June 1715, aged 34, and the infant Hugh Willoughby became the 15th Baron Willoughby of Parham. He could not take his seat in the House of Lords until he reached the age of 21.

Darcy Lever
Darcy Lever is an area of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, the area lies on the B6209 (Radcliffe Road), between Bolton and Little Lever. Its history dates to the time of William the Conqueror when it was part of the Salford hundred given to Roger of Poitou for his participation in the Norman conquest of England.
Olivella thompsoni
Olivella thompsoni is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives.  Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

Olive snail
Olive snails, also known as olive shells and olives, scientific name Olividae, are a taxonomic family of medium to large predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells.

The shells often show various muted but attractive colors, and may be patterned also. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Olividae within the main clade Neogastropoda.
Monforte de la Sierra
Monforte de la Sierra is a village and small municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 81 people.

Province of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish pronunciation: [salaˈmaŋka]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km2 and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Apolytikion
The Apolytikion (Greek: Ἀπολυτίκιον) or Dismissal Hymn is a troparion (a short hymn of one stanza) said or sung at Orthodox Christian worship services. The apolytikion summarizes the feast being celebrated that day. It is chanted at Vespers, Matins and the Divine Liturgy; and it is read at each of the Little Hours. The name derives from the fact that it is chanted for the first time before the dismissal (Greek: apolysis) of the first service of the liturgical day, Vespers, the liturgical day beginning at sunset in  the Orthodox Church.

Although the term apolytikion is used in the Greek language, there is no equivalent word in Church Slavonic where variously are used such terms as "отпустительный тропарь" (dismissal troparion), "тропарь праздника" (troparion of the feast), "тропарь святого" (troparion of the saint), and so on.

Reader (liturgy)
In some Christian denominations, a reader or lector is the person responsible for reading aloud excerpts of scripture at a liturgy. In early Christian times the reader was of particular value due to the rarity of literacy.
Pioneer Venus Orbiter
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter, also known as Pioneer Venus 1 or Pioneer 12, was a mission to Venus conducted by NASA as part of the Pioneer Venus project. Launched in May 1978 atop an Atlas-Centaur rocket, the spacecraft was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978. It returned data from Venus until October 1992.

The spacecraft conducted radar altimetry observations allowing the first global topographic map of the Venusian surface to be constructed.

Radar altimeter
A radar altimeter (RA), also called a radio altimeter (RALT), electronic altimeter, reflection altimeter, or low-range radio altimeter (LRRA), measures altitude above the terrain presently beneath an aircraft or spacecraft by timing how long it takes a beam of radio waves to travel to ground, reflect, and return to the craft. This type of altimeter provides the distance between the antenna and the ground directly below it, in contrast to a barometric altimeter which provides the distance above a defined vertical datum, usually mean sea level.
Sara Corrales
Sara Corrales (born 27 December 1985) is a Colombian television actress and singer. She appeared in the 2004 telenovela Todos quieren con Marilyn as Catalina Osorio, a role which won her the TV y Novelas award to the revelation of the year, the 2008 telenovela Vecinos, where she played the evil Jessica, which also earned her a nomination for the favorite villain on the TV y Novelas award in 2009 and El Señor de los Cielos (2013).

El Señor de los Cielos
El Señor de los Cielos (in English: Lord of the Skies) is an American crime drama television series created by Luis Zelkowicz, based on an original idea by Mariano Calasso, and Andrés López. It premiered on Telemundo on 15 April 2013. The series is based on the life and work of Amado Carrillo Fuentes, the former leader of the Juárez Cartel. It stars Rafael Amaya as the titular character, Aurelio Casillas.

The series has won several awards including; International Emmy Award for Non-English Language U.S. Primetime Program. Premios Tu Mundo for Novela or serie of the Year for three consecutive years.

In May 2023, Telemundo renewed the series for a ninth and final season that premiered on 13 February 2024. In May 2024, Telemundo announced a spin-off sequel titled Dinastía Casillas, following Amaya's departure in the ninth season. In January 2026, the series was renewed for a tenth season, with Rafael Amaya returning as Aurelio Casillas.
Marqués government
The Marqués government was the regional government of Asturias led by President Sergio Marqués. It was formed in July 1995 after the regional election, becoming the first time that the Asturian Socialist Federation did not take the helm of the Council of Government.

In 1998, after several differences with members of the People's Party of Asturias, Marqués left the party and created his own one: the Asturian Renewal Union and remained in the government until 1999, despite a motion of no confidence.

President of the Principality of Asturias
The President of the Principality of Asturias (Spanish: Presidente del Principado de Asturias; Asturian: Presidente del Principáu d'Asturies) is the head of government of the Spanish autonomous community of Asturias. The president is chosen by the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias, autonomous parliamentary institution.
Blenheim, Virginia
Blenheim is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia, United States.

Blenheim, the home of politician and diplomat Andrew Stephenson was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Another historic site, Historic Blenheim, is located considerably north in Fairfax County.

Albemarle County, Virginia
Albemarle County is located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Its county seat is Charlottesville, which is an independent city entirely surrounded by the county. Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,395.

Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County, though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties. Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle. Its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson, who built his estate home, Monticello, in the county.
2007 Democratic Republic of the Congo gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial elections were held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 27 January 2007 (with 30 January planned as a possible date for a second round, if necessary), though they were originally scheduled for 16 January and 19 January. The governors and vice-governors were chosen through indirect election by the members of the provincial assemblies; the delay was a result of the difficulties in choosing traditional chiefs to fill the places reserved for them in the provincial assemblies. The second round of voting would only have been necessary in those cases where no candidate had received an absolute majority in the first round, which was not the case anywhere. However, voting was rescheduled in Kasai-Occidental and Kasai-Oriental on 10 February to 15 February, because the Union of the Nation candidates were disqualified because they held dual citizenship.

Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Article 2 of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo divides the country into the capital city of Kinshasa and 25 named provinces. It also gives the capital the status of a province.  Therefore, in many contexts Kinshasa is regarded as the 26th province.
Zastava, Črnomelj
Zastava (pronounced [ˈzaːstaʋa]; German: Sastawa) is a small settlement on the Lahinja River east of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

White Carniola
White Carniola (Slovene: Bela krajina; Croatian: Bela krajina; German: Weißkrain or Weiße Mark) is a traditional region in southeastern Slovenia on the border with Croatia. Due to its smallness, it is often considered a subunit of the broader Lower Carniola region, although with distinctive cultural, linguistic, and historical features.

Due to its proximity with Croatia, White Carniola shares many cultural and linguistic features with the neighboring Kajkavian Croatian areas. It is generally considered the Slovenian region with the closest cultural affinity with other South Slavic territories. It was part of Slavonia until the 12th century, after which it shared the historical fate with the Windic March and Lower Carniola to the north. During the 19th century, it was one of the regions with the highest emigration rate in the Slovene Lands, and the Austrian Empire in general. During World War II, it was an important center of anti-Fascist resistance in Slovenia.
United States Senate Reception Room
The United States Senate Reception Room is located in the United States Capitol and is one of the Capitol's most richly decorated public rooms that features the work of Italian artist Constantino Brumidi. The room, numbered S-213, has historically been used for meetings and ceremonies. These decorations feature nine permanent portraits of the greatest senators as determined by a Senate committee. These portraits are placed in massive and ornate golden frames.

Constantino Brumidi
Constantino Brumidi (26 July 1805 – 19 February 1880) was an Italian-American painter, born in Italy to an Italian Mother & Greek Father, he was later naturalized an American citizen, best known and honored for his fresco work, Apotheosis of Washington, in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.
Bishop of Ardmore
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Ardmore was an episcopal title which took its name after the monastic settlement of Ardmore in County Waterford, Ireland.

Ardmore was not included in the list of Irish dioceses approved at the Synod of Kells, but is named as a church which claimed the right to a bishopric. A bishop of Ardmore took the oath of fealty to Henry II of England in 1172. Bishop Eugenius appears as a witness to a charter some years later, and he also acted as a suffragan bishop in the diocese of Lichfield in 1184 and 1185. Ua Selbaig, who died at Cork in 1205, may have been bishop of Ardmore or of Ross. By the late 12th century, Ardmore was incorporated into Lismore.

Ardmore, County Waterford
Ardmore (Irish: Aird Mhór, meaning 'great height') is a seaside resort and fishing village in County Waterford, Ireland, not far from Youghal on the south coast of Ireland. The village is in a civil parish of the same name. As of the 2022 census, the village had a population of 468. Ardmore is believed to be the oldest Christian settlement in Ireland. According to tradition, Saint Declan lived in the region in the early 5th century, and Christianised the area before the coming of Saint Patrick.

In September 2014, Ardmore was included on a shortlist of Ireland's top tourist towns composed by Fáilte Ireland. It is home to the Michelin-starred restaurant, The House, at the Cliff House Hotel.
Argyrokastro Castle
Argyrokastro (Greek: Αργυρόκαστρο, "silver castle") is a castle in the region of the Peloponnese, Greece. It is located in mountainous Arcadia, near the village of Magouliana, at an elevation of 1,450 m. It is also known as the Gortyniako dynamari (Γορτυνιακό δυναμάρι, "Gortynian stronghold").

The castle was erected during the Frankish rule by the Villehardouin dynasty of the Principality of Achaea, and served as their summer retreat.

Gortynia
Gortynia (Greek: Γορτυνία) is a municipality in the Arcadia regional unit, Peloponnese, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Dimitsana. The municipality has an area of 1,050.882 km2. Its name is derived from the ancient city of Gortys.
Mungari, Western Australia
Mungari is a ghost town in Western Australia, located between Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.

The town originated as a stop along the on the railway line between Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie and by 1897 lots were surveyed and a hotel was swiftly built. The name of the town was initially Mungarrie, but this was thought to be too close to the name of another mining town, Mulgarrie, so the spelling was altered to Mungarri. A reserve for the townsite was gazetted in 1897, and the townsite was gazetted in 1904 and spelt as Munngari. The town served as a military training camp during World War I. The spelling of the town was changed to Mungari in 1974.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Alicia Rhett
Mary Alicia Rhett (February 1, 1915 – January 3, 2014) was an American actress and portrait painter who is best remembered for her role as India Wilkes in the 1939 epic film Gone with the Wind. At the time of her death, Rhett was one of the oldest surviving credited cast members of the movie.

Margaret Mitchell
Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949) was an American novelist and journalist. Mitchell wrote only one novel that was published during her lifetime, the American Civil War-era novel Gone with the Wind, for which she won the National Book Award for Fiction for Most Distinguished Novel of 1936 and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1937. Long after her death, a collection of Mitchell's girlhood writings and a novella she wrote as a teenager, titled Lost Laysen, were published. A collection of newspaper articles written by Mitchell for The Atlanta Journal was republished in book form.
Biswo Nath Poudel
Biswo Nath Poudel is a Nepali economist and academician who is serving as the 18th Governor of the Nepal Rastra Bank since 20 May 2025. He was appointed by the Government of Nepal following a recommendation from the Governor-Selection Committee.

National Planning Commission of Nepal
National Planning Commission (NPC) of Nepal is advisory body for formulating development plans and policies of the country under the directives of the National Development Council of the government of Nepal. It is the apex advisory body of the Government of Nepal for formulating a national vision, periodic plans and policies for development. It is headed by the Right Honorable Prime Minister. The NPC assesses resource needs, identifies sources of funding, and allocates budget for socio-economic development. It serves as a central agency for monitoring and evaluating development plans, policies and programs. The NPC also serves as an intellectual hub for the exchange of new development ideas and proposals from scholars, private sector, civil society, and development partners.
Whitebridge, New South Wales
Whitebridge is a suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, 11 kilometres (7 mi) from Newcastle's central business district on the eastern side of Lake Macquarie. It is part of the City of Lake Macquarie local government area.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.