hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joe Strong (Negro leagues pitcher)
Joseph Talton Strong (August 4, 1902 – November 12, 1986) was an American Negro leagues pitcher, playing for several teams. Most of his seasons, he played for the Baltimore Black Sox, and the Homestead Grays.

Strong attended college at Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Ohio.

He died in Middletown, Ohio when he was 84.

Homestead Grays
The Homestead Grays (also known as Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays) were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.

The team was formed in 1912 by Cumberland Posey, and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in Homestead, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the Monongahela River to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the Pittsburgh Pirates' home Forbes Field and the Pittsburgh Crawfords' home Greenlee Field.

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands. As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.
AD 27
AD 27 (XXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Piso and Frugi (or, less frequently, year 780 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 27 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi (consul 27)
Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi (flourished 1st century AD) was a Roman nobleman of consular rank who lived during the Roman Empire. Frugi's mother was an unnamed Roman woman, while his father was consul and governor Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi. Frugi's adoptive paternal grandfather was consul and general Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger. Crassus was the grandson of triumvir Marcus Licinius Crassus and the last known direct descendant of his grandfather. He had a daughter called Licinia who married the consul Lucius Calpurnius Piso; their son, Gaius Calpurnius Piso, was a conspirator against the Emperor Nero.
Melchers
Melchers is a surname of German language origin, originally found mostly in North Rhine-Westphalia (the former Prussia).

People with this surname include:

Claudia Melchers (born 1969), Dutch businesswoman and kidnapping victim

Cor Melchers (1954–2015), Dutch painter

Corinne Melchers (1880–1955), American painter, humanitarian, and gardener

Gari Melchers (1860–1932), American painter

Hans Melchers (born 1938), Dutch businessman

Julius Theodore Melchers (1829–1908), American sculptor

Marie Melchers (born 1939), Belgian fencer

Mirjam Melchers (born 1975), Dutch cyclist

Paul Melchers (1813–1895), German Roman Catholic clergyman

Saskia Melchers (born 1962), Dutch cricketer

The Melchers Building, the oldest commercial building in Honolulu, Hawaii, was named for one of its original occupants, trader Gustav C. Melchers.

Saskia Melchers
Saskia Melchers (born 11 October 1962) is a former Dutch international cricketer who played five One Day International (ODI) matches for the Dutch national side, all of which came at the 1993 World Cup.

A wicket-keeper, Melchers was 30 years old at the time of her selection for the 1993 World Cup in England. The only specialist keeper in the Dutch squad, she went on to play in five of a possible seven matches, with Caroline de Fouw taking the gloves against India and Denmark. Melchers effected only two dismissals at the tournament, both catches, and while batting scored two runs from four innings, twice making ducks. She consequently finished with an ODI career batting average of just 0.66. Melchers' club cricket was played for VRA Amsterdam.
Frans Wuwung
Frans Wuwung (born 1 April 1947) is an Indonesian naval officer who became a member of the People's Representative Council from 2001 to 2002.

Wuwung was born on 1 April 1947 in Manado, State of East Indonesia. He entered the Indonesian Naval Academy in 1965 and graduated from it in 1968. Wuwung had served as the chief of the engine room of KRI Nanggala with the rank of major and Indonesia's naval attache in the United States of America from 1991 until 1994 with the rank of lieutenant colonel and colonel. Wuwung became a member of the People's Representative Council on 27 April 2001. He was replaced a year later by R. Sulistyadi and retired on the same year with the rank of rear admiral.

After his retirement from the military, Wuwung became the chairman of the Surabaya GPIB Health Foundation.

Wuwung was married to Christine Theresia Soewastiardjo. The couple has two children, namely Irene Margaretha, who was born in 1975, and Johannes Antonius, who was born in 1978.

State of East Indonesia
The State of East Indonesia (Indonesian: Negara Indonesia Timur, old spelling: Negara Indonesia Timoer, Dutch: Oost-Indonesië) was a post–World War II state formed in the eastern half of Dutch East Indies. Established in December 1946 by the Dutch, it was a puppet state formed during the Indonesian National Revolution that eventually became a part of the United States of Indonesia (USI) in 1949 at the end of the conflict and was dissolved in 1950 with the end of the USI. It comprised all the islands to the east of Borneo (Celebes and the Moluccas, with their offshore islands) and of Java (Bali and the Lesser Sunda Islands).
Warren Vaché Jr.
Warren Vaché Jr. (born February 21, 1951) is an American jazz trumpeter, cornetist, and flugelhornist. He came from a musical family as his father was a bassist. In 1976, he released his first album. He has often worked with Scott Hamilton and has some popularity among swing audiences.

Born and raised in Rahway, New Jersey, Vaché graduated from Rahway High School, where he played in the marching band.

Warren Vaché's father is Warren Vaché Sr., who was a jazz double-bassist. His brother Allan Vaché is also a musician.

Arbors Records
Arbors Records is a record company and independent record label in Clearwater, Florida. It was founded by Mat and Rachel Domber in 1989 and was initially devoted to the recordings of their friend, Rick Fay.

Arbors became known in the 1990s for swing music and Dixieland jazz, though its catalogue encompasses other forms of contemporary and classic jazz. Its roster includes Dan Barrett, Ruby Braff, Bob Wilber, Dave Frishberg, and Bucky Pizzarelli.
La Borde Clinic
The La Borde Clinic (French: [la bɔʁd];
French: Clinique de la Borde), also known as the Cour-Cheverny Clinic (Clinique de Cour-Cheverny), is a psychiatric clinic that opened in 1953 in the town of Cour-Cheverny in the Loire Valley of France. Still in operation as of August 2023, the La Borde Clinic is a model in institutional psychotherapy, with citizens actively participating in running it.

Loire Valley
The Loire Valley (French: Vallée de la Loire, pronounced [vale də la lwaʁ]), spanning 280 kilometres (170 mi), is a valley located in the middle stretch of the Loire river in central France, in both the administrative regions Pays de la Loire and Centre-Val de Loire. The area of the Loire Valley comprises about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi). It is referred to as the Cradle of the French and the Garden of France due to the abundance of vineyards, fruit orchards (such as cherries), and artichoke and asparagus fields, which line the banks of the river. Notable for its historic towns, architecture, and wines, the valley has been inhabited since the Middle Palaeolithic period. In 2000, UNESCO added the central part of the Loire River valley to its list of World Heritage Sites.
Malida
Malida (Pashto 'ماليده'; alternatively spelled as Maleeda, called, Urdu: چُوری, Hindi: चूरी, or ملیدہ in Hyderabadi Urdu) is a traditional sweet dessert popular among Pashtun and Persian households in Afghanistan and Pakistan, popular among people in northern India and Pakistan, as well as Hyderabad Deccan. It is made from leftover bread (called Dodei by Pashtuns and Parathas or Rotis in desi households) that is crumbled and pounded, then stir fried with ghee, sugar, dried fruits, and nuts. Malida is often given to young children in the winter as ghee is believed to warm the body and prevent colds, and it is also a traditional dish for some Muslims on the last Wednesday of the Islamic month Safar. Malida is a common way to use up extra parathas or rotis.

Safar
Safar (Arabic: صَفَر, romanized: Ṣafar), also spelt as Safer in Turkish, is the second month of the lunar Islamic calendar.

Most of the Islamic months were named according to ancient Sabean/Sabaic weather conditions; however, since the calendar is lunar, the months shift by about 11 days every solar year, meaning that these conditions do not necessarily correspond to the name of the month.
Roy Ehrlich
Roy M. Ehrlich (December 6, 1928 – November 28, 1997) was an American politician who served as a Republican in the Kansas State Senate and Kansas House of Representatives from 1971 to 1992.

Ehrlich was born in Hoisington, Kansas and worked as a farmer and rancher. He was originally elected to the Kansas House from the 109th district in 1970, switching to the 112th district in 1972 after redistricting; he eventually served five full terms in the state House. In 1980, he ran for the 35th Senate district, and served three terms there. He was succeeded in the legislature by fellow Republican Don Steffes.

Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 senators elected from single-member districts, each with a population of about 73,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Caroline Makasi
Xoliswa Caroline Makasi is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2014, serving the Western Cape constituency. She was elected to her seat in 1999, 2004, and 2009.

During her third and final term in the assembly, she served as the ANC's whip in the Portfolio Committee on Tourism. She was also active in the ANC Women's League. In addition, in 2012, she was nominated to stand for election to the ANC's National Executive Committee, but she declined the nomination when the party's elective conference opened. In the 2014 general election, she was ranked 13th on the ANC's regional party list for the Western Cape but later withdrew.

National Executive Committee of the African National Congress
The National Executive Committee (NEC) of the African National Congress (ANC) is the political party's highest decision-making body in between its party conferences. It serves as the primary executive organ responsible for leading and governing the ANC, directing the party's policies, strategies, and overall operations. The NEC is elected every five years at the ANC's National Conference and consists of 87 members, including the party's top officials, such as the president of the ANC, deputy president, chairperson, secretary-general, two deputy secretaries-general, and treasurer-general (known as the "Top Seven").

It also elects a National Working Committee (NWC), which takes on the day-to-day operational responsibilities of the party.
Bob Bedell
Robert George Bedell (June 26, 1944 – June 14, 2015) was an American basketball player.

Born in Los Angeles, California, he attended Bell Gardens High School, played collegiately for Stanford University, and was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 10th round (90th overall) of the 1966 NBA draft.

He played for the Anaheim Amigos (1967–68), Dallas/Texas Chaparrals (1968–71) in the American Basketball Association for 269 games.

Bedell died on June 14, 2015, at the age of 70.

Dallas Chaparrals
The Dallas Chaparrals were a charter member of the American Basketball Association (ABA). The team moved to San Antonio, Texas, for the 1973–74 season and were renamed the San Antonio Spurs. The Spurs joined the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the 1976–77 NBA season as a result of being one of four chosen ABA teams to be absorbed by the elder league following the completion of the ABA–NBA merger.
Samsara 2015
"Samsara 2015" is a 2014 song by the Norwegian and Swedish dance music producer duo Tungevaag & Raaban. It became a hit in Scandinavian charts including Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The Norwegian hit version featured the vocals of Norwegian singer Emila that was released again charting in its own right again in VG-lista, the Norwegian Singles Chart and in Finland.

VG-lista
VG-lista is the primary Norwegian record chart, charting albums and singles from Norwegian and international artists. It is presented weekly in the newspaper VG. The data is collected by Nielsen Soundscan International and based on the sales in approximately 100 shops in Norway. The singles chart started as a top 10 chart in week 42 of 1958 and was expanded to a top 20 chart in week 5 of 1995, the same time as the albums chart, which started as a top 20 chart in week 1 of 1967, was expanded to a top 40 chart. It expanded even further into a top 100 chart in week 14 of 2025.
P'isqi P'isqi
P'isqi P'isqi (Aymara p'isqi white quinoa, Quechua p'isqi a stew or purée of quinua, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, Hispanicized spelling Pesjepesje) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,600 metres (15,092 ft) high. It lies in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Andagua District. P'isqi P'isqi is situated west of Wakapallqa and  Llallawi.

Department of Arequipa
Arequipa (Quechua: Ariqipa) is a department of Peru. Located to the country's southwest, it is the sixth largest department in Peru, after Puno, Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, its sixth most populous department, and its eleventh least densely populated department. It is bordered by the departments of Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac and Cuzco to the north, Puno to the east, the Department of Moquegua to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital, also called Arequipa, is Peru's second-largest city.
Edge detection
Edge detection includes a variety of mathematical methods that aim at identifying edges, defined as curves in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or, more formally, has discontinuities. The same problem of finding discontinuities in one-dimensional signals is known as step detection and the problem of finding signal discontinuities over time is known as change detection. Edge detection is a fundamental tool in image processing, machine vision and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction.

Luminous intensity
In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), an SI base unit.
Shohada Mosque
The Shohada Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الشهداء; Persian: مسجد شهدا) is a Shi'ite mosque, located in Shohada Square, in the city center of Tabriz, in the province of East Azerbaijan, Iran. The mosque was built during the Qajar era and is dedicated to the martyrs of Islam.

The mosque draws in name from a Persian word, shohada, meaning martyr.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 5 May 1997, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Iran National Heritage List
Iran National Heritage List is a register of nationally significant monuments, places, buildings, events, etc., officially registered under the National Heritage Preservation Act of 1930. According to Article 1 of this law, "All the industrial monuments and buildings that were built up to the end of the Zand dynasty in the country of Iran, including movable and immovable in accordance with Article 13 of this law, can be considered as national heritage of Iran and under the protection and supervision of the state."

After 25 years, on 1 February 1956, with the registration of the Golestan Palace, the ban on the registration of works related to the Qajar era was practically lifted and subsequently the official list of these monuments was published under the current name.
Msenge Emoyeni Wind Power Station
The Msenge Emoyeni Wind Power Station is an operational 69 MW (93,000 hp) wind power plant in South Africa. The power station was developed by a consortium of international IPPs and financiers. Commercial operations started in October 2024. The energy generated at this wind farm is sold to Sasol, the South African energy conglomerate, under a long-term power purchase agreement (PPA). The power is transmitted ("wheeled") through the transmission network of Eskom, to Sasol's premises in Sasolburg,  Free State.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Otto Mügge
Johannes Otto Conrad Mügge (4 March 1858, Hannover – 9 June 1932, Göttingen) was a German mineralogist and crystallographer.

From 1875 to 1879 he studied mathematics and sciences at the Technical University of Hannover and at the University of Göttingen. After graduation, he spent three years as an assistant to Harry Rosenbusch at the mineralogical-geological institute of the University of Heidelberg. From 1882 he worked as curator of the mineralogical and geological department at the Natural History Museum in Hamburg, and in 1886 became an associate professor at the academy in Münster. Later on, he served as a full professor at the University of Königsberg, where in 1903/04 he was named dean to the faculty of philosophy. In 1908 he relocated as a professor to the University of Göttingen.

Mügge Island, one of the Bennett Islands off the coast of Antarctica, commemorates his name.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
1940s in music
For music from an individual year in the 1940s, go to 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49

This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 1940s.

In the developed world, swing, big band, jazz, Latin and country music dominated and defined the decade's music. After World War II, the big band sounds of the earlier part of the decade had been gradually replaced by crooners and vocal pop.

Floyd Tillman
Floyd Tillman (December 8, 1914 – August 22, 2003) was an American country musician who, in the 1930s and 1940s, helped create the Western swing and honky tonk genres. Tillman was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1984.
Isaac D. Wilcox
Isaac D. Wilcox was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

He was a signatory of the First Illinois Constitutional Convention. He served as a state representative representing Johnson County in the 1st Illinois General Assembly.

1st Illinois General Assembly
The 1st Illinois General Assembly, consisting of the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, met from October 4, 1818, to March 31, 1819, during the 1st two years of Shadrach Bond's governorship, at The Kaskaskia State House.   The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of the First Illinois Constitution.  Political parties were not established in the State at the time.

It was succeeded by the 2nd Illinois General Assembly.
Blue notho
The blue notho, or Patrizi's notho (Nothobranchius patrizii) is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is found in Kenya and Somalia. Its natural habitat is running water. The males are usually around 5.0 centimetres (2.0 in). In the aquarium the females lay their eggs on bottom peat. This species was described as Fundulus patrizii by Decio Vinciguerra in 1927 with a type locality of the Harenaga swamps, near mouth of the Juba River in southern Somalia. Vinciguerra gave this fish the specific name of patrizii in honour of the collector of the type Saverio Patrizi Naro Montoro (1902-1957), an Italian explorer, zoologist and speleologist.

Jubba River
The Jubba River or Juba River (Somali: Webiga Jubba, Italian: fiume Giuba) is a river in southern Somalia which flows through the region of Jubaland. It begins at the border with Ethiopia, where the Dawa and Ganale Dorya rivers meet, and flows directly south to the Somali Sea, where it empties at the Goobweyn juncture. The Jubba basin covers an area of 749,000 km2 (289,000 sq mi). The Somali regional state of Jubaland, formerly called Trans-Juba, is named after the river.
Donald Taylor (Yukon politician)
Donald Emerson "Don" Taylor (September 22, 1933 – October 7, 2012) was a former political figure in the Yukon, Canada. He represented Watson Lake in the Yukon Territorial Council from 1961 to 1978, and then in the Yukon Legislative Assembly from 1978 to 1985, as a Progressive Conservative then Independent member.

He was born in Toronto, the son of Emerson R. Taylor and Olive Kennedy, and educated in Toronto, Aurora and Lakefield. Johnston served as Speaker of the Yukon Legislative Assembly from 1974 to 1985. Before entering politics, Taylor was employed in mining exploration and aviation.

Taylor was defeated by Dave Porter when he ran for reelection in 1985. He died in 2012 of lung cancer.

Yukon Party
The Yukon Party, formerly the Yukon Progressive Conservative Party, is a conservative political party in Yukon, Canada. It is the current governing party, with a majority in the Yukon Legislative Assembly.
Jamesie O'Connor
Jamesie O'Connor (born 28 July 1972) is an Irish former hurler who played as a midfielder for the Clare senior team.

O'Connor made his first appearance for the team during the 1992–93 National League and became a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 2004 championship. During that time he won two All-Ireland medals, three Munster medals and four All-Star awards. He ended up as an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

At club level, O'Connor was an All-Ireland medalist with St Joseph's Doora-Barefield. He also won two Munster medals and three county club championship medals.

1997 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1997 (known for sponsorship reasons as the Guinness Hurling Championship 1997) was the 111th staging of Ireland's premier hurling competition.  Clare won the championship, beating Tipperary 0–20 to 2–13  in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.