hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1995 Littleborough and Saddleworth by-election
A by-election was called to take place on 27 July 1995 in the constituency of Littleborough and Saddleworth in Greater Manchester, England, following the death of Conservative Party MP Geoffrey Dickens on 17 May of that year.

The contest was a win for the Liberal Democrat candidate Chris Davies. The result was notable, for the incumbent Conservative Party fell from first to third place, coming behind both the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats. Davies' conduct during the by-election was controversial owing to his openly campaigning while the sitting MP Geoffrey Dickens was dying from liver cancer.

The second-placed Labour candidate, Phil Woolas, defeated Davies at the 1997 general election in the successor seat of Oldham East and Saddleworth. He held the seat until 2010. Davies went on to represent the North West England region in the European Parliament from 1999 to 2014.

Geoffrey Dickens
Geoffrey Kenneth Dickens (26 August 1931 – 17 May 1995) was a British Conservative politician. He was MP for Huddersfield West from 1979 until the seat was abolished in 1983.  He was then elected for Littleborough and Saddleworth and held the seat until his death in 1995.

Dickens is known for his anti-paedophile work, including the naming of diplomat Sir Peter Hayman as a paedophile in the House of Commons.
Beinn nan Eun (Perth and Kinross)
Beinn nan Eun is a hill in the Glen Artney Hills range immediately south of the Highland Boundary Fault, part of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The second highest hill of the range, it does not share a boundary with Stirlingshire unlike its neighbour, Uamh Bheag. An impressive crag drops from its eastern side. Most ascents begin in Glen Artney itself to the north and take in the neighbouring hills, usually in an anti-clockwise direction, leaving it until last.

Central Lowlands
56°24′29″N 4°02′38″W﻿ / ﻿56.408°N 4.044°W﻿ / 56.408; -4.044

The Central Lowlands, sometimes called the Midland Valley or Central Valley, is a geologically defined area of relatively low-lying  land in southern Scotland. It consists of a rift valley between the Highland Boundary Fault to the north and the Southern Uplands Fault to the south. The Central Lowlands are one of the three main geographical sub-divisions of Scotland, the other two being the Highlands and Islands which lie to the north, northwest and the Southern Uplands, which lie south of the associated second fault line. It is the most populated of Scotland’s three geographical regions.
Reginald Stipe
Reginald Stipe (1883 – 1976) was a physician and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Hanley from 1925 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Party member.

He was educated at Toronto University and came to Watrous, Saskatchewan in 1908. Stipe became a member of the first town council the following year. He practised medicine there from 1909 until 1916, when he joined the British Medical Corps, serving overseas during World War I.  He and Dr Ernest Hixon had established the first hospital in Watrous in 1914.

Stipe returned to Watrous in 1919 and resumed practice in partnership with Dr. Hixon. He served in the provincial cabinet as a minister without portfolio.

Stipe retired from the practice of medicine in 1949. With his wife Mary, he retired to Victoria, British Columbia. They moved to Duncan in 1956. After the death of his first wife, Stipe married Mabel Laing. He later moved to Vancouver.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Bajos de Haina
Bajos de Haina (Standard Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbaxos ðe ˈajna]), mostly known simply as Haina, is a town and municipality in the San Cristóbal Province, of the Dominican Republic. It is close to the capital Santo Domingo, and may be regarded as part of the metropolitan area of Greater Santo Domingo. The municipality had a population of 188,767 in 2024.

Greater Santo Domingo
Greater Santo Domingo (Spanish: Gran Santo Domingo) is a term commonly used referring to the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. There are 11 municipalities that are associated into the Commonwealth of the Greater Santo Domingo.
Information transfer
In telecommunications, information transfer is the process of moving messages containing user information from a source to a sink via a communication channel. In this sense, information transfer is equivalent to data transmission which highlights more practical, technical aspects.

The information transfer rate may or may not be equal to the transmission modulation rate.

Bidirectional information transfer is called information exchange.

Sink (computing)
In computing, a sink,  or data sink generally refers to the destination of data flow.

The word sink has multiple uses in computing. In software engineering, an event sink is a class or function that receives events from another object or function, while a sink can also refer to a node of a directed acyclic graph with no additional nodes leading out from it, among other uses.
Ichthyosaurus posthumus
"Ichthyosaurus" posthumus is a species of ichthyosaurs known from the Late Jurassic (early Tithonian age) Solnhofen Formation of Bavaria, Germany. Though several specimens have been referred to this species in the past, its type specimen consists only of isolated teeth that were destroyed during World War II, and it is today considered a nomen dubium. The teeth almost certainly do not belong to Ichthyosaurus itself, which was a wastebin taxon at the time this species was named.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Jean-Jacques Castex
Jean-Jacques Castex (9 April 1731 – 1822) was a French sculptor.

Castex was born in Toulouse.  He participated in the Napoleonic Campaign in Egypt. In January 1799, he accompanied the geographer Bertre in his travel to Fayoum. He was part of the committee led by Pierre Girard which left Cairo on 19 March 1799 to go to Upper Egypt. He made a wax model, reduced to one third, of the Dendera zodiac. He created, after the drawings he had brought back from Egypt, a Zodiaque, which was exhibited at the Salon of 1819 in Paris. He remains famous for having carved an inscription on the stone of the great temple of Philae. Despite his talent, he died in poverty at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris.

Dendera zodiac
The sculptured Dendera zodiac (or Denderah zodiac) is a widely known Egyptian bas-relief from the ceiling of the pronaos (or portico) of a chapel dedicated to Osiris in the Hathor temple at Dendera, containing images of Taurus (the bull) and Libra (the scales). This chapel was begun in the late Ptolemaic period; its pronaos was added by the emperor Tiberius. This led Jean-François Champollion to date the relief to the Greco-Roman period, but most of his contemporaries believed it to be of the New Kingdom.

The relief, which John H. Rogers characterised as "the only complete map that we have of an ancient sky", has been conjectured in the past to represent the basis on which later astronomy systems were based. It is now on display at the Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Jane S. Richardson
Jane Shelby Richardson (born January 25, 1941) is an American biophysicist best known for developing the Richardson diagram, or ribbon diagram, a method of representing the 3D structure of proteins. Ribbon diagrams have become a standard representation of protein structures that has facilitated further investigation of protein structure and function globally. With interests in astronomy, math, physics, botany, and philosophy, Richardson took an unconventional route to establishing a science career. Richardson is a professor in biochemistry at Duke University.

Biophysical Society
The Biophysical Society is an international scientific society whose purpose is to lead the development and dissemination of knowledge in biophysics. Founded in 1958, the Society currently consists of over 7,000 members in academia, government, and industry. Although the Society is based in the United States, it is an international organization. Overseas members currently comprise over one third of the total.
Somanouchi Kofun cluster
Somanouchi Kofun cluster (杣之内古墳群)  is a cluster of Kofun period burial mounds, located in the Somanouchi-cho, Magata-cho, and Otogi-cho neighborhoods of the city of Tenri, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The Nishiyama Kofun was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1927, and the Nishinokura Kofun was added to the designation in 2018, with the name of the National Historic Site changing from the "Nishiyama Kofun" to the "Somanouchi Kofun cluster".

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Dave O'Toole
Dave O'Toole (1871–1951) was a British male actor who appeared in seven films from 1924 to 1942. He is best known for his appearance as The Postman in the 1937 Will Hay comedy film Oh, Mr Porter! He also made an uncredited appearance in the 1939 film Ask a Policeman as well as Where's That Fire?, both starring Hay.

Mail carrier
A mail carrier, also referred to as a mailman, mailperson, postal carrier, postman, postperson, person of post, letter carrier (in American English), or colloquially postie (in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), is an employee of a post office or postal service who delivers mail and parcel post to residences and businesses. The term "mail carrier" came to be used as a gender-neutral substitute for "mailman" soon after women began performing the job. In the Royal Mail, the official name changed from "letter carrier" to "postman" in 1883, and "postwoman" has also been used for many years.
Viengxay district
Viengxay is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is home to the Viengxay Caves, the Nam Et National Biodiversity Conservation Area, and Phou Pha Thi mountain, site of the Secret War Battle of Lima Site 85 (LS-85) 11 March 1968.

Localities within the district include:

Namsoi

Houaphanh province
Houaphanh province (Lao: ຫົວພັນ, pronounced [hǔa.pʰán], Romanization of Lao: Houaphan also Huaphan) is a province in eastern Laos. Its capital is Xam Neua. Houaphanh province covers an area of 16,500 square kilometres (6,400 sq mi). It is bordered by Vietnam to the north, east, and southeast, Xiangkhouang province to the south and southwest, and Luang Prabang province to the west.
2015 Kids' Choice Sports
The 2nd Annual Kids' Choice Sports was held on July 16, 2015, at the Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. Super Bowl Champion quarterback Russell Wilson of the Seattle Seahawks was the host of the show, which is meant to celebrate kids’ favorites in the sports world. On its original air date, the award show was preceded by a new episode of SpongeBob SquarePants and followed by the series premiere of Pig Goat Banana Cricket.

Pauley Pavilion
The Edwin W. Pauley Pavilion, commonly known as Pauley Pavilion, is an indoor arena located in the Westwood Village district of Los Angeles, California, on the campus of UCLA. It is home to the UCLA Bruins men's and women's basketball teams. The men's and women's volleyball and women's gymnastics teams also compete here. All teams, except for the men's volleyball team, compete in the Big Ten Conference.

The building, designed by architect Welton Becket, was dedicated in June 1965, named for University of California Regent Edwin W. Pauley, who had matched the alumni contributions. Pauley donated almost one fifth of the more than $5 million spent in constructing the arena. The arena was renovated in 2010–12 and was reopened on November 9, 2012, when it hosted a men's basketball game against Indiana State.
Da Vinci's self supporting bridge
Leonard da Vinci’s self-supporting bridge is a bridge design from the Codex Atlanticus (written between 1478 and 1518) with the unique feature of requiring no nails, dowels, or ropes in its construction. The structure (only theorized by da Vinci) is held together solely by the compressive forces from its own weight and the friction between its wooden components.

Dowel
The dowel is a cylindrical shape made of wood, plastic, or metal. In its original manufactured form, a dowel is long and called a dowel rod, which are often cut into shorter dowel pins. Dowels are commonly used as structural reinforcements in cabinet making and in numerous other applications, including:

Furniture shelf supports

Moveable game pieces (i.e. pegs)

Hangers for items such as clothing, key rings, and tools

Wheel axles in toys

Detents in gymnastics grips

Supports for tiered wedding cakes
Bavarian Krauss railmotor
The double-decked MCi railmotor (German: Dampftriebwagen MCi) was built in 1882 by Krauss and Company with the works number 1181 and delivered to the Royal Bavarian State Railways, who deployed it in the areas of Würzburg and Bamberg.

The steam-powered railbus had a B'2' wheel arrangement, one axle pair being driven by connecting rods. It had a transverse boiler and a gross service weight of 28 t (27.6 long tons; 30.9 short tons). Its Stephenson valve gear and brakes were accessible at both ends. The coach had 67 seats on two floors, the second class seating being on the lower level and the third class being split between both levels.

The vehicle was a one-off and was only in service for a short time.

Stephenson valve gear
The Stephenson valve gear or Stephenson link or shifting link is a simple design of valve gear that was widely used throughout the world for various kinds of steam engines. It is named after Robert Stephenson but was invented by his employees.
500 Keys
"500 Keys" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the twenty-second season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 15, 2011. It was written by John Frink and directed by Bob Anderson.

In this episode, the Simpson family has adventures with the keys they have hoarded over the years, which leads Lisa to a mystery at Springfield Elementary. Albert Brooks made a cameo as Hank Scorpio. The episode received mixed reviews from critics.

John Frink
John Frink is an American television writer and producer. He has written several episodes of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons, many of which he co-wrote with his former writing partner Don Payne. Frink and Payne started their career in television writing for the short-lived sitcom Hope and Gloria. They wrote their first episode of The Simpsons in 2000, and Frink still works on the show as a writer and executive producer.
2008 Cape Verdean Football Championships
The 2008 Cape Verdean Football Championships season was the 29th of the competition of the first-tier football in Cape Verde. Its started on 10 May and finished on 16 August, later than the last season. The tournament was organized by the Cape Verdean Football Federation. Sporting would win their 7th title and third straight after defeating Académica do Mindelo in penalty kicks. Sporting gained entry into the 2009 CAF Champions League, it is the last club to enter to date. No second place club would participate in the 2009 CAF Confederation Cup.

2009 CAF Champions League
The 2009 CAF Champions League is the 45th edition of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the 13th edition under the current CAF Champions League format.  The winner will participate in the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2010 CAF Super Cup.
Jion-ji (Sagae)
Jion-ji (慈恩寺), (山号 宝珠山; Sangō Zuihō-zan) is a major Buddhist temple located in the city of Sagae, in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.  Its main image is a hibutsu statue of Miroku Bosatsu. The temple has been a place for pilgrimage for centuries, and is designated as a National Historic Site in 2014  It occupies a mountain overlooking the Yamagata basin, and its main gate is at an altitude of 146 meters.

Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. It has a population of 1,005,926 (1 February 2025) and an area of 9,325 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Its neighbours are Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.

The capital and largest city is Yamagata, with other major cities being Tsuruoka, Sakata and Yonezawa. The prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
Acetyl iodide
Acetyl iodide is an organoiodine compound with the formula CH3COI.  It is a colourless liquid. It is formally derived from acetic acid.  Although far rarer in the laboratory than the related acetyl bromide and acetyl chloride, acetyl iodide is produced, transiently at least, on a far larger scale than any other acid halide. Specifically, it is generated by the carbonylation of methyl iodide in the Cativa and Monsanto processes, which are the main industrial processes that generate acetic acid.  It is also an intermediate in the production of acetic anhydride from methyl acetate.

Upon treatment with carboxylic acids, acetyl iodide does not exhibit reactions typical of acyl halides, such as acetyl chloride.  Instead, acetyl iodide undergoes iodide/hydroxide exchange with most carboxylic acids:

CH3COI  +  RCO2H   →   CH3CO2H  +  RCOI

Methyl acetate
Methyl acetate, also known as MeOAc, acetic acid methyl ester or methyl ethanoate, is a carboxylate ester with the formula CH3COOCH3. It is a flammable liquid with a characteristically pleasant smell reminiscent of some glues and nail polish removers.   Methyl acetate is occasionally used as a solvent, being weakly polar and lipophilic, but its close relative ethyl acetate is a more common solvent, being less toxic and less soluble in water.   Methyl acetate has a solubility of 25% in water at room temperature.  At elevated temperature its solubility in water is much higher.  Methyl acetate is not stable in the presence of strong aqueous bases or aqueous acids. Methyl acetate is not regulated as a volatile organic compound in the USA.
Music Allies
Music Allies is a marketing company that promotes 20+ independent record labels and major music festivals.  It was started in January 2003 by Sean O'Connell. Successful artists include Ani DiFranco, Aimee Mann, G. Love, ALO, Joan Osborne, Sia, the Bacon Brothers, Sonya Kitchell, Zee Avi, Joshua James, Martin Sexton and the Blind Boys of Alabama.

Labels that utilize Music Allies include Righteous Babe Records, Tennman Records, Brushfire Records and Time Life.

Major festivals represented by Music Allies include Bonnaroo Music Festival, the Outside Lands Festival, Camp Bisco, the 10k Lakes Festival and the now defunct Vegoose, Echo Project and Langerado Music Festivals.

Music Allies produces and syndicates the Warren Haynes Christmas Jam radio special.

The company is located in Asheville, North Carolina.

According to their Linked In company profile, Music Allies is a privately held company with 12 employees based in Asheville, NC, Virginia, and Atlanta, GA.

Vegoose
Vegoose was an annual Halloween music and arts festival that took place in 2005, 2006, and 2007 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Unlike the Bonnaroo Music Festival — put on by the same organizers, Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment — Vegoose did not offer on-site camping. In addition to music, the festival featured a score of activities, including celebrity impersonators, a wedding chapel, costume contests, a massive pumpkin display, and more.
2 Hare Court
2 Hare Court is a barristers' chambers specialising in criminal and regulatory law, located in the Inner Temple, one of the four Inns of Court. Established in the 1967, It employs 77 barristers, including 23 King's Counsel and several former prosecutors, including those who have acted as First Senior, Senior and Junior  Treasury Counsel – barristers appointed by the Attorney General to prosecute the most serious and complex criminal cases to come before the courts.

Devilling
Devilling is the custom of more senior self employed barristers/advocates making use of their junior’s services to complete briefs belonging to the more senior barrister/advocate, usually without the knowledge of the attorney. Not to be confused with the period of training called pupillage or junior work undertaken by a person wishing to become an advocate in one of the English-speaking common law systems of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Hong Kong, and Australia.

Devilling cannot be done by a pupil and has to be done by a junior barrister/advocate, as it is paid work usually at a rate lower than the normal fee of the junior.
John Marshall Clemens
John Marshall Clemens (August 11, 1798 – March 24, 1847) was the father of author Mark Twain and of journalist and politician Orion Clemens, who was the first and only Secretary of the Nevada Territory.

Nevada Territory
The Territory of Nevada (N.T.) was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until October 31, 1864, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Nevada.

Prior to the creation of the Nevada Territory, the area was part of western Utah Territory and was known as Washoe, after the native Washoe people. The separation of the territory from Utah was important to the federal government because of its political leanings, while the population itself was keen to be separated because of animosity (and sometimes violence) between non-Mormons in Nevada and Mormons from the rest of the Utah Territory.