hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Price of anarchy in congestion games
The Price of Anarchy (PoA) is a concept in game theory and mechanism design that measures how the social welfare of a system degrades due to selfish behavior of its agents. It has been studied extensively in various contexts, particularly in congestion games (CG).

Linear function
In mathematics, the term linear function refers to two distinct but related notions:

In calculus and related areas, a linear function is a function whose graph is a straight line, that is, a polynomial function of degree zero (a constant polynomial) or one (a linear polynomial). For distinguishing such a linear function from the other concept, the term affine function is often used.

In linear algebra, mathematical analysis, and functional analysis, a linear function is a kind of function between vector spaces.
Paweł Kisielow
Paweł Kisielow (Polish: [ˈpavɛw kiˈɕɛlɔv]; born 21 February 1945 in Gorlice, Poland) is a Polish biologist who specializes in immunology. He is best known for his research on T cells. He is a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning (Polish: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, PAU), headquartered in Kraków and founded in 1872, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences (the other being the Polish Academy of Sciences, headquartered in Warsaw).

The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences is co-owner of the Polish Library in Paris.
Underdale, Shrewsbury
52°43′05″N 2°44′20″W﻿ / ﻿52.718°N 2.739°W﻿ / 52.718; -2.739
Underdale is a district of the town of Shrewsbury, county town of Shropshire, England.  It is situated between the suburbs of Monkmoor and Castlefields, and stretches from Shrewsbury Abbey to the Telford Way, which is situated towards the north of the town.  Underdale Road runs parallel to Monkmoor Road and is roughly the same length.

The suburb is an electoral district of Shropshire Council. It is currently a Liberal Democrat held ward. The population of the ward as taken at the 2011 Census was 4,495.

The River Severn flows around the western edge of the area.

Shropshire Council
Shropshire Council, known between 1980 and 2009 as Shropshire County Council and prior to 1980 as Salop County Council, is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Shropshire in the West Midlands region of England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, being a county council which also performs the functions of a district council. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county of Shropshire, which additionally includes Telford and Wrekin.

The council is based at the Guildhall in the Frankwell area of Shrewsbury. At the 2025 election, the Liberal Democrats took control of the council.
Nakitl
Nakitl (Russian: Накитль) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khunzakhsky Selsoviet, Khunzakhsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  166 (2010 Census); 174 (2002 Census); 123 (1989 Soviet census). There are 2 streets in this selo.

Khunzakhsky District
Khunzakhsky District (Russian: Хунзахский райо́н; Avar: Хунзахъ мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the republic. The area of the district is 551.91 square kilometers (213.09 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khunzakh. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,691, with the population of Khunzakh accounting for 13.4% of that number.
Manda language
Manda may be:

Manda language (Australia), an Aboriginal language of Australia

Manda language (India), a Dravidian language spoken in the state of Odisha, India

Manda language (Tanzania), a Bantu language of Tanzania

the Manda dialect of the Venda language, a Bantu language of South Africa and Zimbabwe

Manda language (India)
Manda (IPA: [maːɳɖɐ]) is a Dravidian language of Odisha, spoken in the highlands of Thuamul Rampur block of Kalahandi district. It only became known to Western academia in 1964. Its speakers are generally known as 'Khond Parjas' by outsiders but self-identify as Manda Khonds. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the language was spoken in around 60 villages and the total number of speakers was estimated to be at 4000-5000. However the language is facing endangerment from Odia, which all speakers are bilingual in.

A dictionary of Manda was published in 2009.
Brno-Ivanovice
Brno-Ivanovice is a city district in the north part of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. It consists of the municipal part and cadastral territory of Ivanovice (German: Eiwanowitz), originally an independent municipality that was annexed to Brno in 1971. The city district was established on 24 November 1990. Almost 2,000 people live here.

For the purposes of the senate elections, Brno-Ivanovice is included in electoral district number 60 of Brno-City District.

Jinačovice
Jinačovice is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

Jinačovice lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Brno and 178 km (111 mi) south-east of Prague.
Alessandro Ludovico
Alessandro Ludovico (born 1969) is a researcher, artist and chief editor of Neural magazine since 1993. He received his Ph.D. degree in English and Media from Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge (UK). He is Associate Professor at the Winchester School of Art, University of Southampton and Lecturer at Parsons Paris – The New School. He has published and edited several books, and has lectured worldwide. He also served as an advisor for the Documenta 12 Magazine Project. He is one of the authors of the award-winning Hacking Monopolism trilogy of artworks ("Google Will Eat Itself", "Amazon Noir", "Face to Facebook").

Documenta 12
documenta 12 was the twelfth edition of documenta, a quinquennial contemporary art exhibition. It was held between 16 June and 23 September 2007 in Kassel, Germany. The artistic director was Roger M. Buergel in collaboration with Ruth Noack.

Documenta 12 magazines was one of the central projects of the documenta exhibition. It was conceived and directed by Georg Schöllhammer.
Two Logan Square
Two Logan Square is a highrise office building in Center City Philadelphia just off the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. The building is known for its signature roofline with a backlit clock. It is a companion building to One Logan Square which stands across Cherry Street, and to Three Logan Square, across 18th Street.

The building, designed by the firm Kohn Pedersen Fox, was completed in 1987, the same year as One Liberty Place, which stood as Philadelphia's tallest building for 20 years.

The building's name is a nod to its neighborhood, Logan Square, so named for the nearby Logan Circle, one of William Penn's original five squares of Philadelphia.

Major tenants include the law firm Troutman Pepper LLP and Binswanger.

Previously the private school Delaware Valley High School had its administrative offices in Suite 1900.

Logan Circle (Philadelphia)
Logan Circle, also known as Logan Square, is an open-space park in Center City Philadelphia's northwest quadrant and one of the five original planned squares laid out on the city grid. The centerpiece of the park is the Logan Circle, a circular area centered on a large water feature, bounded by a traffic circle carrying 19th Street and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway with connections to 18th and 20th streets to the east and west and Race and Vine Streets to the south and north.

The circle exists within the original bounds of the square; the names Logan Square and Logan Circle are used interchangeably when referring to the park. Originally "Northwest Square" in William Penn's 1684 plan for the city, the square was renamed in 1825 after Philadelphia statesman James Logan. The park is the focal point of the eponymous neighborhood.

Logan Square was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.
Schattenberg (Ore Mountains)
The Schattenberg (Czech: Liščí hora) is a wooded mountain southwest of Jugel and northeast of  Hirschenstand (Jelení) in the western Bohemian Ore Mountains, which is 950 metres high. East of the mountain lies the 980-metre-high Scheffelsberg and to the north is the 973-metre-high Buchschachtelberg. These three mountains form the main crest in this part of the Ore Mountains.

A footpath runs immediately past the Schattenberg that, in winter, is used as a cross-country skiing trail.

Jugel
Jugel is a division of the town of Johanngeorgenstadt in the German district of Erzgebirgskreis. This dispersed settlement is surrounded by woods, is divided into Ober- and Unterjugel ("Upper and Lower Jugel") and runs along the German-Czech border from the Lehmergrund (708 m) to the crest of the Western Ore Mountains (873 m). In the vicinity lies the 980 metre-high Scheffelsberg. Jugel is a tourist destination for hikers and winter sportsmen.

The village may be reached by railway on the Zwickau–Aue–Schwarzenberg–Johanngeorgenstadt line and by car along Staatsstraße 272 which runs from Schwarzenberg via Johanngeorgenstadt to Wildenthal.
2021 New Mexico's 1st congressional district special election
A special election was held on June 1, 2021, to fill the vacancy in New Mexico's 1st congressional district created by Representative Deb Haaland's resignation from the United States House of Representatives to become the Secretary of the Interior in Joe Biden's administration.

State Representatives Patricia Roybal Caballero, Georgene Louis and Melanie Stansbury and state Senator Antoinette Sedillo Lopez sought the Democratic nomination. State Senator Mark Moores, radio host Eddy Aragon and activist Elisa Martinez sought the Republican nomination.

The Democratic Party nominated Stansbury; the Republican Party nominated Moores; the Libertarian Party selected Chris Manning; former Commissioner of Public Lands Aubrey Dunn Jr. ran as an independent. Stansbury won the election with over 60% percent of the vote.

Everytown for Gun Safety
Everytown for Gun Safety is an American non-profit organization which advocates for gun control and against gun violence. Everytown was formed in 2013 due to a merger between Mayors Against Illegal Guns and Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America.

The organization works to "support efforts to educate policy makers, as well the press and the public, about the consequences of gun violence, and promote efforts to keep guns out of the hands of criminals". The group has focused on efforts to require universal background checks on firearms purchases. The organization also produces research and studies on gun violence. Everytown for Gun Safety is largely financed by Michael Bloomberg.

The group has drawn criticism, in 2009, for example, several mayors stated that they discovered they had been listed as supporters of the organization without their knowledge or consent.
Banjički Vis Military Base
Banjički Vis Military Base (Serbian: Аеробаза Бањички Вис / Aerobaza Banjički Vis) (ICAO: LYBV) is a heliport located on Banjica hill about 5 kilometres (3 miles) south of downtown Belgrade (Terazije).

Banjica
Banjica (Serbian: Бањица, pronounced [bâɲitsa]) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It's divided between Belgrade's municipalities of Savski Venac (western half) and Voždovac (eastern half).
Saluni
Saluni is a village in the Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located in the Saharanpur tehsil. The nearest post office is Sarsawa (PIN Code: 247232). It comes under Saluni Panchayath and belongs to Saharanpur Division . It is located 14 km towards west from District headquarters Saharanpur. 576 km from State capital Lucknow.

Saharanpur district
Saharanpur district is the northernmost of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India. Bordering the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and close to the foothills of Shivalik range, it lies in the northern part of the Doab region.

The district headquarters are in Saharanpur, which is also the headquarters of Saharanpur Division. Other principal towns are Sarsawa, Behat, Deoband, Gangoh and Rampur Maniharan.
Two Men of Fiji
Two Men of Fiji is a 1959 Australian television documentary.  It was directed by Brett Porter for the Shell Film Unit. It was filmed by Hone Glendinning and Roger Mirams in Fiji over a two-month period and was screened theatrically in Fiji.

Notable for reputedly being Fiji's first hour-long colour documentary  and its location recording of the Lauan language.

Roger Mirams
Roger Eastgate Holden Mirams (16 April 1918 – 26 February 2004) was a New Zealand-born film producer and director, whose career extended over 60 years. Mirams co-directed and photographed Broken Barrier, the only local dramatic feature film made in New Zealand in the 1950s, and later won a reputation for the children's television series he produced in Australia.
Queen Seonjeong (Sinjong)
Queen Seonjeong of the Kim clan (Korean: 선정왕후 김씨; Hanja: 宣靖王后 金氏; d. 17 August 1222), also known as Queen Mother Seonjeong (선정태후; 宣靖太后) or Queen Mother Jeongseon (정선태후; 靖宣太后) was a member of the Goryeo royal family. Born as the youngest daughter of Duke Gangneung, a grandson of King Munjong, she became a queen consort through her marriage with her second half cousin once removed, King Sinjong. Her son, King Huijong became king after her husband's abdication. She was one of several Goryeo queens to take their mother's clan name over their father's and eventually became an ancestor of Gongyang. She was the youngest among Queen Janggyeong, Marchioness Daeryeong and Queen Uijeong.

Munjong of Goryeo
Munjong (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083), personal name Wang Hwi, was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea.

King Munjong was born in 1019 and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords. Munjong, and later kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers and built many forts to guard the northern border.

Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism. During Munjong's reign, academic physician officers (hallimuigwan) first appeared in Goryeo, and Goryeo's medicinal exams were often used as a pathway by the commoners for societal advancement. Additionally, during Munjong's reign many Chinese medicine books entered Goryeo through the Song Dynasty of China.
919th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron
The 919th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the Spokane Air Defense Sector, Air Defense Command, stationed at Saskatoon Mountain Air Station, Alberta, Canada. It was inactivated on 1 April 1963.

The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of North America.

Lineage

Activated as 919th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 16 April 1952

Discontinued 1 April 1963

Assignments

Western Air Defense Force, 16 April 1952

25th Air Division, 16 February 1953 – 1 April 1963

Stations

Geiger Field, Washington, 16 April 1952

Saskatoon Mountain AS, Alberta, 1 June 1953 – 1 April 1963

Aerospace Defense Command
Aerospace Defense Command was a major command of the United States Air Force, responsible for air defense of the continental United States. It was activated in 1968 and disbanded in 1980. Its predecessor, Air Defense Command, was established in 1946, briefly inactivated in 1950, reactivated in 1951, and then redesignated Aerospace rather than Air in 1968. Its mission was to provide air defense of the Continental United States (CONUS). It directly controlled all active measures, and was tasked to coordinate all passive means of air defense.
Baby's Got a Temper
"Baby's Got a Temper" is a song by English electronic dance music group the Prodigy, released as a non-album single on 1 July 2002 by the record labels XL worldwide and Maverick in the United States. It was the band's first single in five years after 1997's "Smack My Bitch Up", and was also their first release after dancer Leeroy Thornhill left the band in 2000.

The single, as well as the accompanying music video, was controversial, and was met with a negative response from critics. The song's lyrics, written by Keith Flint, were criticised in particular for heavily playing upon the misuse of the "date rape" drug Rohypnol. Liam Howlett later disowned the single. Despite this criticism, the song was a top-five hit on the Canadian and UK Singles Charts.

XL Recordings
XL Recordings is a British independent record label founded in 1989 by Tim Palmer and Nick Halkes. It has been run and co-owned by Richard Russell since 1996. It forms part of the Beggars Group.

It releases an average of six albums a year. The label releases albums worldwide and operates across a range of genres.
High Sheldon Wind Farm
High Sheldon Wind Farm is located in Sheldon, New York USA in Wyoming County, about 30 miles southeast of Buffalo. Constructed in 2009 and operated by Invenergy, it has 75 units capable of 1.5 Mw each for a nameplate capacity of 112.5 megawatts, using General Electric 1.5sle turbines. The wind farm stirred controversy in the town over concerns of noise, visual pollution, and property values. For comparison in 2023, 15 and 16 megawatt turbines are being tested.

Invenergy
Invenergy is an American-based multinational power generation development and operations company. The company develops, builds, owns and operates power generation and energy storage projects in the Americas, Europe and Asia, including wind, solar, and natural gas power generation and energy storage facilities.  It is North America's largest privately held renewable power generation company.

According to Invenergy, the company has developed over 220 projects totaling 36 gigawatts of capacity. These totals include projects in operation, under construction or contracted.
Brian Marshall (rugby union)
Brian David Edward Marshall (25 July 1940 — 24 April 2023) was an Irish international rugby union player.

A Campbell College product, Marshall played his senior rugby with Queen's University and CIYMS.

Marshall, who captained Ulster, won his solitary Ireland cap during the 1963 Five Nations, deputising for injured captain Tom Kiernan at fullback for the match against England at Lansdowne Road, which finished in a scoreless draw.

Campbell College
Campbell College located in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and founded in 1894 comprises a preparatory school department (junior age) and a senior Northern Ireland Voluntary Grammar school, the latter meaning, in terms of provision of education, a government funded, selective school.

The school is one of a number of schools in the state funded grammar sector in Northern Ireland which can offer paid boarding places to some pupils, typically to be funded by the pupil, although most pupils are dayboys.

It is one of the eight schools of Northern Ireland represented on the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and is a member of the Independent Schools Council.
Fred McCulloch
Frederick Fisher McCulloch (March 5, 1892 – August 11, 1966) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played as a goaltender with the Victoria Aristocrats of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association during the 1915–16 season.

Prior to joining the PCHA McCulloch had won the Allan Cup (as Canadian national amateur champions) in 1914 with the Regina Victorias.

Allan Cup
The Allan Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the senior ice hockey champions of Canada. It was donated by Sir Montagu Allan of Ravenscrag, Montreal, and has been competed for since 1909. It was most recently won by the Wentworth Gryphins in 2025.
Barbara Bujka
Barbara Bujka (born 5 September 1986, Budapest) is a Hungarian female water polo player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the Hungary women's national water polo team in the women's event. She is 5 ft 8.5 inches tall. In 2013–14 season she played for Olympiacos in Greece, winning both the LEN Trophy and the Greek Championship.

She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships.

Currently she is unmarried and is the trainer of the DSC .

European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup
The European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup, formerly the Women's LEN Trophy and LEN Women's Euro Cup, is European Aquatics's second-tier competition for women's water polo clubs. It was first held in 2000 and 2001 as the LEN Women's Cup Winners' Cup. It was contested for many seasons by around 15 teams, which could qualify for it either directly due to high ranking in their domestic league or by being eliminated at certain stages of the Champions' Cup. After the last reformations in the European competitions system by LEN, only four teams contesting for the trophy, coming after elimination at that season's LEN Euro League quarterfinals stage. Italy's Gifa Palermo, Ortigia, Racing Roma, Imperia, Russia's Shturm Ruza, and Greece's Ethnikos Piraeus are the most successful clubs in the competition with two titles each.

From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup.
Romani people in Uruguay
There is a small Roma population in Uruguay, most being the descendants of previous migrants. According to data available they number c. 400.

In Uruguay, they are commonly known as gitanos. They claim having ancestors from Serbia, Hungary and Romania.

Romani people in Hungary
Romani people in Hungary (also known as Roma; Hungarian: Romák, magyar cigányok) are the Romani people living in Hungary. According to the 2011 census, they comprise 3.18% of the total population, which alone makes them the largest minority in the country, although various estimations have put the number of Romani people as high as 8.8% of the total population. They are sometimes referred as Hungarian Gypsies, but that is sometimes considered to be a racial slur.
Georgia State Route 215
State Route 215 (SR 215) is a 38.6-mile-long (62.1 km) state highway that runs northwest-to-southeast through portions of Dooly, Wilcox, and Ben Hill counties in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia.

Central Georgia
Central Georgia, also known as Middle Georgia, is an eleven-county region in the U.S. state of Georgia. It abuts the Atlanta metropolitan area, just to the north, and is anchored by both the Macon and Warner Robins metropolitan areas.
Stonglandseidet
Stonglandseidet is a village in Senja Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The village has a population (2001) of 225. The village is home to a grocery store, bank, nursing home, Stonglandet Church, and a public school.

The village is located at the southern end of the island of Senja on the isthmus connecting the main part of the island to the Stonglandet peninsula. It is located about 41 km (25 mi) northeast of the city of Harstad, across the Vågsfjorden. The village of Å is 8 km (5.0 mi) to the west, and the village of Vangsvik is 32 km (20 mi) to the northeast.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.