hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Cottage, Charlton, Northamptonshire
The Cottage, Charlton, Northamptonshire, England, is a house of 18th century origins. In 1907 it was bought by F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead as his country home. Smith subsequently purchased another cottage on Main Street in Charlton and engaged Alan James to extend the house in 1911–12. James constructed a large central block to join the two cottages, and remodelled the grounds. Smith entertained at The Cottage throughout his legal and political careers, among his most frequent guests was Winston Churchill, his closest friend. Smith, ennobled as Viscount Furneaux, of Charlton in the County of Northampton, and Earl of Birkenhead in 1922, died of pneumonia caused by cirrhosis of the liver in 1930, aged 58. After cremation at Golders Green Crematorium, his ashes were brought to Charlton and interred in a tomb designed by Edwin Lutyens in the cemetery on Green Lane, just outside of the village. The Cottage remains a private residence and is a Grade II listed building.

Golders Green Crematorium
Golders Green Crematorium and Mausoleum was the first crematorium to be opened in London, and is one of the oldest crematoria in Britain. The land for the crematorium was purchased in 1900, costing £6,000 (equivalent to £820,000 in 2023) and the crematorium was opened in 1902 by Sir Henry Thompson, founder of the Cremation Society.

Golders Green Crematorium, as it is usually called, is in Hoop Lane, off Finchley Road, Golders Green, in northwest London, near Golders Green Underground station. It is directly opposite the Golders Green Jewish Cemetery. The crematorium is secular and accepts all faiths and non-believers. The crematorium gardens are listed at Grade I in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Spring in the Heart
Spring in the Heart (Spanish: Primavera en el corazón) is a 1956 Mexican musical comedy film directed by Roberto Rodríguez and starring Andy Russell, Irasema Dilián and Enrique Rambal. It was shot in Eastmancolor at the Churubusco Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director Salvador Lozano Mena.

Eastmancolor
Eastmancolor is a trade name used by Eastman Kodak for a number of related film and processing technologies associated with color motion picture production and referring to George Eastman, founder of Kodak.

Eastmancolor, introduced in 1950, was one of the first widely successful "single-strip colour" processes, and eventually displaced the more cumbersome Technicolor. Eastmancolor was known by a variety of names, such as DeLuxe Color, Warnercolor, Metrocolor, Pathécolor, Columbiacolor, and others.

For more information on Eastmancolor, see

Color motion picture film, for background on Eastmancolor and other motion picture processes in general

Eastman Kodak Fine Grain color negative films (1950 onwards), within the "List of motion picture film stocks" article
Govejk
Govejk (pronounced [ɡɔˈʋeːi̯k], in older sources Govejek in Srnjak, German: Goweck und Sernak) is a small village in the Municipality of Idrija in the traditional Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies on the road from Idrija to Žiri.

Žiri
Žiri (pronounced [ʒiˈɾíː] ⓘ; formerly also Žir, locally Žier, German: Sairach) is a town in northwestern Slovenia. It is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Žiri, created in 1994. Prior to this the town belonged administratively to the area of Škofja Loka.
Nina Zilli (EP)
Nina Zilli is an extended play released by Italian singer–songwriter Nina Zilli. It was released through the Universal Music on 19 September 2009, and contained seven songs that would eventually appear on Zilli's debut studio album Sempre lontano. Nina Zilli peaked at number 54 at the Italian Albums Chart.

You Can't Hurry Love
"You Can't Hurry Love" is a song originally recorded by the Supremes on the Motown label. It was released on July 25, 1966 as the second single from their studio album The Supremes A' Go-Go.

Written and produced by Motown production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, the song topped the US Billboard Hot 100, made the top five in the UK, and top 10 in Australia. It was released and peaked in late summer and early autumn in 1966. Sixteen years later, Phil Collins re-recorded the song for his album Hello, I Must Be Going!. When released as a single it became a number one hit in the UK, staying there for two weeks beginning in January 1983, and reached number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 a month later.

Billboard named the song number 19 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. The BBC ranked "You Can't Hurry Love" at number 16 on The Top 100 Digital Motown Chart, which is based solely on all time UK downloads and streams of Motown releases.
Eduardo Dolhun
Eduardo Peña Dolhun is a family physician in San Francisco, California. He is the inventor of DripDrop, an oral rehydration solution.  Dr. Dolhun is a staff member at the California Pacific Medical Center and founded the Dolhun Clinic, a Dolhun Clinic Pre-Medical Internship Program, and the non-profit organization named Doctors Outreach Clinics. He is an adjunct professor of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences at Marquette University and an adjunct professor of Family Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. Dolhun was the co-director of Ethnicity and Medicine at Stanford University from 2000-2018.

He has been a member of the American Academy of Family Physicians since 1999. He is also a fellow of the Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health and holds membership in the San Francisco Medical Society.

Pre-medical
Pre-medical (often referred to as pre-med) is an educational track that undergraduate students mostly in the United States pursue prior to becoming medical students. It involves activities that prepare a student for medical school, such as pre-med coursework, volunteer activities, clinical experience, research, and the application process. Some pre-med programs providing broad preparation are referred to as “pre-professional” and may simultaneously prepare students for entry into a variety of first professional degree or graduate school programs that require similar prerequisites (such as medical, veterinary, or pharmacy schools).
Saint pigeon
The Saint is a fancy breed of pigeon was developed in recent years by H.P. Macklin using selective breeding, with primarily other  existing fancy breeds. Saints, as well as all other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock dove (Columba livia). Breeds used in the development of the Saint included the Mane (Schmalkaldener Mohrenkopfs), Moorhead, and the  Jacobin

Domestic pigeon
The domestic pigeon (Columba livia "domestica" or Columba livia forma domestica) is a domesticated bird derived from the rock dove Columba livia. Although often termed a "subspecies", the domesticated pigeon does not constitute an accepted zoological subspecies of the rock dove, but a collection of over 350 breeds. The rock dove is among the world's first birds to be domesticated; Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5,000 years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Pigeons have held historical importance to humans as food, pets, symbolic animals, and messengers. Due to their homing ability, pigeons have been used to deliver messages, including war pigeons during the two world wars. City pigeons, which are feral birds, are generally seen as pests, mainly due to their droppings and a reputation for spreading disease.
Milton Ernest Ricketts
Milton Ernest Ricketts (August 5, 1913 – May 8, 1942) was a United States Navy officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Ricketts graduated from the Baltimore City College high school and then from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1935 and subsequently served on the USS Ranger (CV-4) and USS Yorktown (CV-5). On May 8, 1942, during the Battle of the Coral Sea, Lieutenant Ricketts was in charge of a damage control party on board the Yorktown. When a Japanese bomb exploded among his group, he successfully undertook fire-fighting measures despite having received mortal wounds. For this act, Ricketts was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

Ricketts was buried at sea; his name appears on the Tablets of the Missing at Manila American Cemetery and Memorial in the Philippines.

Baltimore City College
Baltimore City College, known colloquially as City, City College, and B.C.C., is a college preparatory school with a classical liberal arts focus in Baltimore, Maryland. Opened in October 1839, B.C.C. is one of oldest active public high schools in the United States. City College is a public exam school and an International Baccalaureate World School at which students in the ninth and tenth grades participate in the IB Middle Years Programme while students in the eleventh and twelfth grades participate in the IB Diploma Programme.

The school is situated on Collegian Hill, its  38 acres (0.15 km2) hilltop campus located in the Coldstream-Homestead-Montebello neighborhood in Northeast Baltimore. The main academic campus building, a designated National Historic Landmark, is constructed of granite and limestone in a Collegiate Gothic architectural style and features a 200-foot-tall (61 m) Gothic tower.
Petteri Orpo
Antti Petteri Orpo (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈɑntːi ˈpetːeri ˈorpo]; born 3 November 1969) is a Finnish politician currently serving as the prime minister of Finland since 2023. He has also been the leader of the National Coalition Party since 2016 and briefly served as speaker of the Parliament of Finland after the 2023 parliamentary election.

He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2017 to 2019, Minister of Finance from 2016 to 2019, Minister of the Interior from 2015 to 2016 and Minister of Agriculture and Forestry from 2014 to 2015. On 2 April 2023, Orpo's National Coalition Party won the 2023 parliamentary election with a plurality of 20.8% of the vote and 48 seats. Orpo garnered over 17,000 votes in his district.

Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Finland)
The Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Finnish: maa- ja metsätalousministeri, Swedish: jord- och skogsbruksminister) is one of the Finnish Government's ministerial portfolios. The minister is in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Since June 2023, Finland's Minister of Agriculture and Forestry has been Sari Essayah of the Christian Democrats.
Hypostomus formosae
Hypostomus formosae is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater species native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguay River basin. The species reaches at least 24.9 cm (9.8 inches) SL.

H. formosae was described in 2016 by Yamila Paula Cardoso, Florencia Brancolini, Ariel Paracampo, Marta Lizarralde, Raphael Covain, and Juan I. Montoya-Burgos alongside a redescription of its congener Hypostomus boulengeri based on morphological and molecular analyses. FishBase does not list this species.

The species' specific epithet, formosae, refers to Formosa Province in Argentina, not to Taiwan, unlike some species bearing the same specific epithet (such as Dendrocitta formosae).

Grey treepie
The grey treepie (Dendrocitta formosae), also known as the Himalayan treepie, is an Asian treepie, a medium-sized and long-tailed member of the crow family. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1863. They are widely distributed along the foothills of the Himalayas in the Indian subcontinent and extending into Indochina, Nepal, southern mainland China and Taiwan. The populations vary in plumage and several are named as subspecies.

Grey treepies are omnivorous birds mostly thriving among dense foliage and in forests. They sometimes take part in mixed species flocks with laughingthrushes, especially the white-throated laughingthrush. They systematically work together through the hill forests, rhododendrons, oaks and other broad-leaved trees, especially in the mornings.
Ibestad Church
Ibestad Church (Norwegian: Ibestad kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Ibestad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Hamnvik in eastern part of the island of Rolla. It is the main church for the Ibestad parish which is part of the Trondenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, stone, neo-Gothic church was built in a long church style in 1881 using plans drawn up by the architect J.A. Johansen from Trondheim. The church seats about 500 people.

Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland
Nord-Hålogaland (Norwegian: Nord-Hålogaland bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway. It covers the Church of Norway churches in Troms and  Finnmark counties as well as in the territory of Svalbard.  The diocese is seated in the city of Tromsø at the Tromsø Cathedral, the seat of the presiding bishop. After bishop Olav Øygard announced his plans to retire in august 2025, a process to elect a new bishop has been started. In September it was announced, that Stig Lægdene will succeed Øygard and become the 8th bishop of Nord-Hålogaland. Lægdene will be formally appointed as bishop at December 7th 2025 at the Tromsø Cathedral.
Killing Hope
Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II by William Blum is a history book on CIA covert operations and United States military interventions during the second half of the 20th century. The book, published in 1995 by Common Courage Press, takes a strongly critical view of American foreign policy. It is an updated and revised version of one of Blum's previous works, The CIA – A Forgotten History (1986).

The book covers various US foreign policy ventures from just after World War II onward. Its basic premise is that the American Cold War-era activities abroad were done with imperialist motives.

Covert operation
A covert operation, clandestine operation or undercover operation is a military or police operation involving a covert agent or troops acting under an assumed cover to conceal the identity of the party responsible.: 5–6
Fan magazine
A fan magazine is a commercially written and published magazine intended for the amusement of fans of the popular culture subject matter that it covers. It is distinguished from a scholarly, literary or trade magazine on the one hand, by the target audience of its contents, and from a fanzine on the other, by the commercial and for-profit nature of its production and distribution. Scholarly works on popular culture and fandoms do not always make this terminological distinction clear. In some relevant works, fanzines are called "fan magazines", possibly because the term "fanzine" is seen as slang.

American examples include Photoplay, Motion Picture Magazine, Modern Screen, Sports Illustrated and Cinefantastique.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Elbow method (clustering)
In cluster analysis, the elbow method is a heuristic used in determining the number of clusters in a data set. The method consists of plotting the explained variation as a function of the number of clusters and picking the elbow of the curve as the number of clusters to use. The same method can be used to choose the number of parameters in other data-driven models, such as the number of principal components to describe a data set.

The method can be traced to speculation by Robert L. Thorndike in 1953.

Robert L. Thorndike
Robert Ladd Thorndike (September 22, 1910 – September 21, 1990) was an American psychometrician and educational psychologist who made significant contributions to the analysis of reliability, the interpretation of error, cognitive ability, and the design and analysis of comparative surveys of achievement test performance of students in various countries.
Daut Haradinaj
Daut Haradinaj (born 6 April 1978) is a Kosovar politician, the brother of Ramush Haradinaj, and former Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) member during the Kosovo War (1998–99). He was part of the leadership in the Kosovo Protection Corps.

Haradinaj was born on 6 April 1978, as one of nine children, in the village of Gllogjan, near Deçan, in the Kosovo province that was part of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. His paternal descent is from Berishë in northern Albania, around the city of Pukë.

Socialist Republic of Serbia
The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Република Србија / Socijalistička Republika Srbija), previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Народна Република Србија / Narodna Republika Srbija, lit. 'National Republic of Serbia'), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia, SR Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo. Its formation was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.
Board of supervisors
A board of supervisors is a governmental body that oversees the operation of county government in the U.S. states of Arizona, California, Iowa, Mississippi, Virginia, and Wisconsin, as well as 16 counties in New York. There are equivalent agencies in other states.

Similar to a city council, a board of supervisors has legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial powers. The important difference is that a county is an administrative division of a state, whereas a city is a municipal corporation; thus, counties implement and, as necessary, refine the local application of state law and public policy, while cities produce and implement their own local laws and public policy (subject to the overriding authority of state law). Often they are concerned with the provision of courts, jails, public health and public lands.

Public land
In all modern states, a portion of land is held by central or local governments. This is called public land, state land, or Crown land (Commonwealth realms). The system of tenure of public land, and the terminology used, varies between countries.  The following examples illustrate some of the range.
Štebalija
Štebalija (pronounced [ʃtɛbaˈliːja]) is a former settlement in the Municipality of Moravče in central Slovenia. It is now part of the village of Drtija. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Moravče
The Municipality of Moravče (pronounced [mɔˈɾaːu̯tʃɛ]; Slovene: Občina Moravče) is a municipality in the traditional region of Upper Carniola in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Moravče. Moravče became a municipality in 1994.
Isotropic etching
In semiconductor manufacturing, isotropic etching is a method commonly used to remove material from a substrate via a chemical process using an etchant substance. The etchant may be in liquid-, gas- or plasma-phase, although liquid etchants such as buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) for silicon dioxide etching are more often used. Unlike anisotropic etching, isotropic etching does not etch in a single direction, but rather etches in multiple directions within the substrate. Any horizontal component of the etch direction may therefore result in undercutting of patterned areas, and significant changes to device characteristics. Isotropic etching may occur unavoidably, or it may be desirable for process reasons.

Anisotropy
Anisotropy (/ˌænaɪˈsɒtrəpi, ˌænɪ-/) is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy. An anisotropic object or pattern has properties that differ according to direction of measurement. For example, many materials exhibit very different physical or mechanical properties when measured along different axes, e.g. absorbance, refractive index, conductivity, and tensile strength.

An example of anisotropy is light coming through a polarizer. Another is wood, which is easier to split along its grain than across it because of the directional non-uniformity of the grain (the grain is the same in one direction, not all directions).
Abaca bract mosaic virus
Abaca bract mosaic virus (ABrMV) is a plant pathogenic virus.  It is transmitted by Pentalonia nigronervosa, Aphis gossypii, and Rhopalosiphum maidis.  The taxonomy is unknown, but it is thought to be a type of Potyvirus.

Attempts have been made to sequence ABrMV.

The virus is said to be a significant pathogen of the abaca, along with the Abaca bunchy top virus.

Banana bract mosaic virus also infects the abaca, but it is unknown whether the two viruses are related.

Rhopalosiphum maidis
Rhopalosiphum maidis, common names corn leaf aphid and corn aphid, is an insect, and a pest of maize and other crops. It has a nearly worldwide distribution and is typically found in agricultural fields, grasslands, and forest-grassland zones. Among aphids that feed on maize, it is the most commonly encountered and most economically damaging, particularly in tropical and warmer temperate areas. In addition to maize, R. maidis damages rice, sorghum, and other cultivated and wild monocots.
Arthur Kluzak
Arthur Kluzak (July 13, 1906 – October 24, 1996) was an American-born farmer, rancher, hotel owner, auto dealer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Shaunavon from 1960 to 1964 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in East Grand Forks, Minnesota and came to the Canuck district with his family in 1912. He was married twice: first to Hazel in 1930 and then to Betty Miller in 1981. Kluzak was a grain buyer for the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool at Climax and at Tompkins. He served on the village council for Climax from 1954 to 1960 and on the school board for the Canuck district. Kluzak was defeated by Fernand Larochelle when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1964. He died in Calgary, Alberta at the age of 90.

East Grand Forks, Minnesota
East Grand Forks (also known as EGF) is a city in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 9,176 at the 2020 census, making it Polk County's largest community. It is in the Red River Valley region along the eastern bank of the Red River of the North, directly across from Grand Forks, North Dakota. The cities of Grand Forks and East Grand Forks form the center of the Grand Forks, ND–MN Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is often called Greater Grand Forks. The statistical area's population was 104,362 at the 2020 census.
Bargy Castle
Bargy Castle is a Norman fortress near the village of Tomhaggard in the Barony of Bargy, County Wexford, Ireland, some 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south-west of Wexford town. The name Bargy derives from Ui Bhairrche, the name of a local tribe.

The building is a square keep to which two wings have been added at right angles during the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. The keep itself is in good condition, having been renovated several times.

Wexford
Wexford (Irish: Loch Garman [ˌl̪ˠɔx ˈɡaɾˠəmˠən̪ˠ]; archaic Yola: Weiseforthe) is the county town of County Wexford, Ireland. Wexford lies on the south side of Wexford Harbour, the estuary of the River Slaney near the southeastern corner of the island of Ireland. The town is linked to Dublin by the M11/N11 National Primary Route; and to Rosslare Europort, Cork and Waterford by the N25. The national rail network connects it to Dublin and Rosslare Europort.  It had a population of 21,524 according to the 2022 census.