hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cahuilla Mountain Wilderness
The Cahuilla Mountain Wilderness is a federally designated wilderness area located  in Riverside County in Southern California. The 5,575 acres (2,256 ha) wilderness is managed by the United States Forest Service in the San Bernardino National Forest.  
The summit of Cahuilla Mountain sits at 5604 feet (1708 m) and provides an excellent view of the nearby Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail. A trail to the top winds through the chaparral, as well as groves of live oak and Jeffrey pine. Local wildlife include mountain lion, mountain and California quail, and the rare red diamond rattlesnake.

Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail
The Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail is a 1,210-mile (1,950 km) trail extending from Nogales on the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona, through the California desert and coastal areas in Southern California and the Central Coast region to San Francisco. The trail commemorates the 1775–1776 land route that Spanish commander Juan Bautista de Anza took from the Sonora y Sinaloa Province of New Spain in Colonial Mexico through to Las Californias Province. The goal of the trip was to establish a mission and presidio on San Francisco Bay.  The trail was an attempt to ease the course of Spanish colonization of California by establishing a major land route north for many to follow. It was used for about five years before being closed by the Quechan (Yuma) Indians in 1781 and kept closed for the next 40 years. It is a National Historic Trail administered by the National Park Service and was also designated a National Millennium Trail.
PFC Victoria London
PFC Victoria London is a football club based in Feltham, London, England. They are currently members of the Combined Counties League Division One and play at Robert Parker Stadium, groundsharing with Ashford Town.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
1866 in birding and ornithology
Richard Owen describes the mandible of the broad-billed parrot.

Philip Sclater Exotic Ornithology (1866–69).

Carl Jakob Sundevall Conspectus avium picinarum, Stockholm [Sweden] :Samson & Wallin, 1866.[on woodpeckers] online BHL

Birds described in 1866 include Cabanis's tanager, bar-winged rail, spot-crowned antvireo, Van Dam's vanga, Mayotte drongo,

Death of Johann Wilhelm von Müller

Death of Philipp Franz von Siebold

Axel Wilhelm Eriksson leaves Sweden for South-West Africa.

Foundation of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi.

Death of Christian Ludwig Landbeck. He had described many bird species in collaboration with Rodolfo Amando Philippi.

Death of Ferdinand Joseph L'Herminier

Philippi, R. A. & Landbeck, L. 1866. Beiträge zur Fauna Chiles. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 32: 121–132.Masafuera rayadito.

Ferdinand Joseph L'Herminier
Ferdinand Joseph L'Herminier (1802–1866) was a French botanist and zoologist born in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. He was the son of naturalist Félix Louis L'Herminier (1779–1833), and a student of Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777–1850), of whom he published a revision of works in 1827.

As a botanist, L'Herminier specialized in the study of pteridophytes and bryophytes found in Guadeloupe. Alone, and with his father, he conducted ornithological studies on the island, however notes and specimens associated with this research were destroyed during the earthquake of 1843. As a physician, he was director of the island's hospital.

In 1832, Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemin and George Samuel Perrottet named the botanical genus Herminiera after him. For his services in Guadeloupe, especially in the earthquake in 1843 and during the cholera epidemic of 1866, he was honored with a membership in the Legion of Honor.

Ferdinand L'Herminier died at Pointe-à-Pitre in 1866.
Yairagi No.2 Dam
Yairagi No.2 Dam (Japanese: 第２ヤイラギダム) is a gravity dam located in Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 0.4 km2. The dam impounds about 6  ha of land when full and can store 638 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1982 and completed in 1984.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
ChromiumOS
ChromiumOS (formerly styled as Chromium OS) is a free and open-source Linux distribution designed for running web applications and browsing the World Wide Web. It is the open-source version of ChromeOS, a Linux distribution made by Google.

ChromiumOS is based on the Linux kernel, like ChromeOS, but its principal user interface is the Chromium web browser rather than the Google Chrome browser. ChromiumOS also includes the Portage package manager, which was originally developed for Gentoo Linux. Because ChromiumOS and ChromeOS use a browser engine for the user interface, they are oriented toward web applications rather than application software or mobile apps.

Google first published the ChromiumOS source code in November 19, 2009.

Portage (software)
Portage is a package management system originally created for and used by Gentoo Linux and also by ChromeOS and Calculate among others.  Portage is based on the concept of ports collections. Gentoo is sometimes referred to as a meta-distribution due to the extreme flexibility of Portage, which makes it operating-system-independent. The Gentoo/Alt project was concerned with using Portage to manage other operating systems, such as BSDs, macOS and Solaris. The most notable of these implementations is the Gentoo/FreeBSD project.

There is an ongoing effort called the Package Manager Specification project (PMS), which aims to standardise and document the behaviour of Portage, allowing the ebuild tree and Gentoo system packages to be used with alternative package managers such as Paludis and pkgcore. Its goal is to specify the exact set of features and behaviour of package managers and ebuilds, serving as an authoritative reference for Portage.
Wangjaesan Light Music Band
The Wangjaesan Light Music Band (Korean: 왕재산 경음악단; MR: Wangjaesan Kyŏngŭmaktan) is a light music (kyŏngŭmak) group in North Korea. It is one of two (with Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble) popular music groups that were established by North Korea in the 1980s, both named after places where Kim Il Sung fought the Japanese in 1930s. It takes its name from Mount Wangjae in Onsong-gun, North Hamgyong Province, on the border with China (Japan puppet state Manchukuo in that period), where Kim Il Sung is said to have held a meeting for anti-Japanese activities in 1933.

The band was established by the North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, son and heir of Kim Il Sung, on 22 July 1983. Its music was often broadcast over Korean Central Broadcasting Station channels such as Radio Pyongyang and as test card music for Korean Central Television. The Wangjaesan Dance Troupe is part of the group.

Korean Central Television
Korean Central Television (KCTV; Korean: 조선중앙텔레비죤; MR: Chosŏn chungang t'ellebijon) is the oldest television channel in North Korea, operated by the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee, a state-owned broadcaster. It is broadcast terrestrially via the Pyongyang TV Tower in Moranbong-guyok, Pyongyang, streamed via the government-run internet television service Manbang, and also uplinked via satellite. It officially launched in March 1963 and has been one of the primary channels through which the North Korean regime broadcasts pro-government propaganda to its people.
Manipur State Election Commission
Manipur State Election Commission is an autonomous and statutory body constituted in Indian state of Manipur for ensuring that elections in are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures creation and safeguarding of the powers of State Election Commissions. Manipur State Election Commission is responsible for conducting elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. Manipur State Election Commissioner is appointed by Governor of Manipur.

Municipal governance in India
In India, the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), also called municipalities, are self-government institutions responsible for the administration of cities, towns, and transitional areas within a state or Union Territory. The 74th amendment to the Constitution of India in 1992 provided constitutional framework for the establishment of Urban Local Bodies.

There are three types of Urban Local Bodies in India, which include municipal corporations governing large urban areas, municipal councils governing smaller urban areas, and nagar panchayats governing transitional areas from rural to urban. They are established by individual state governments and can differ in names, election method, or tier structure. The classification of these areas is at the discretion of the states, considering factors such as total population, population density, non-agricultural employment, annual revenue generation, among other criteria.
Jane Earl
Jane Earl was appointed to the post of Director of the Assets Recovery Agency on 5 November 2002, and took up her post on 3 February 2003. Prior to this she was chief executive of Wokingham Unitary Council from November 1999.

She has 20 years experience in local government, working for local authorities such as Elmbridge Borough Council and the London Borough of Hounslow. She worked for Reading Borough Council for five years from 1982 to 1987 and for a further six years from 1989 to 1996 which culminated in her holding the post of assistant chief executive.

Jane was regional director of Business in the Community (1996–98). Prior to this she was seconded to the Government Office for the South East creating a practical strategy for the regeneration of Thanet.

Elmbridge Borough Council
Elmbridge Borough Council provides district-level services to the Borough of Elmbridge, in Surrey, in South East England. It is based in the town of Esher. County-level services are provided by Surrey County Council. Claygate is a civil parish, which forms a third tier of local government for that part of the borough only; the rest of the borough is an unparished area.
Zhe school (painting)
The Zhe school (Chinese: 浙派, zhè pài) was a school of painters and was part of the Southern School, which thrived during the Ming dynasty. The school was led by Dai Jin, traditionally considered its founder. The "Zhe" of the name refers to Dai Jin's home province – Zhejiang. The school was not a school in the proper sense of the word in that the painters did not formulate a new distinctive style, preferring instead to further the style of the Southern Song, specializing in decorative and large paintings. Instead, the school was identified by the formal, academic and conservative outlook, being a revival in the early Ming dynasty of the Ma-Xia (Ma Yuan and Xia Gui), 'academic', style of painting landscapes of the Southern Song.

Xia Gui
Xia Gui (Chinese: 夏珪; Wade–Giles: Hsia Kui; fl. 1195–1224), courtesy name Yuyu (禹玉), was a Chinese landscape painter of the Song dynasty. Very little is known about his life, and only a few of his works survive, but he is generally considered one of China's greatest artists. He continued the tradition of Li Tang, further simplifying the earlier Song style to achieve a more immediate, striking effect. Together with Ma Yuan, he founded the so-called Ma-Xia (馬夏) school, one of the most important of the period.

Although Xia was popular during his lifetime, his reputation suffered after his death, together with that of all Southern Song academy painters. Nevertheless, a few artists, including the Japanese master Sesshū, continued Xia's tradition for hundreds of years, until the early 17th century.
Featuring Ty Dolla Sign
Featuring Ty Dolla Sign (stylized as Featuring Ty Dolla $ign) is the third studio album by American singer Ty Dolla Sign. It was released on October 23, 2020, by Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Kid Cudi, Post Malone, Kanye West, Anderson .Paak, Quavo, Nicki Minaj, Kehlani, Big Sean, Roddy Ricch, Jhené Aiko, Future, Young Thug, FKA Twigs, and Skrillex, among others.

Quavo
Quavious Keyate Marshall (born April 2, 1991), better known by his stage name Quavo (/ˈkweɪvoʊ/ KWAY-voh), is an American rapper and record producer. He is best known as the frontman of the now-defunct hip-hop group Migos. Formed with his nephew Takeoff and their mutual friend Offset in 2008, the group released four commercially successful studio albums before disbanding in 2023.

As a solo act, Marshall has guest performed on six Billboard Hot 100 top ten singles: Post Malone's diamond-certified "Congratulations", Justin Bieber's "Intentions", Liam Payne's "Strip That Down", Drake's "Portland", and DJ Khaled's "No Brainer" and "I'm the One", the latter of which peaked atop the chart. His debut studio album, Quavo Huncho (2018), peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and spawned the platinum-certified single "Workin Me". His second album, Rocket Power (2023), peaked at number 18 and was released in memory of Takeoff, who was fatally shot the year prior.
Frank McIntyre (baseball)
Frank W. McIntyre  (July 12, 1859 – July 8, 1887) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He started one game for the 1883 Detroit Wolverines and two games for the 1883 Columbus Buckeyes. he died on July 8 1887 at 27 of Tuberculosis in Michigan

Detroit Wolverines
The  Detroit Wolverines were a 19th-century Major League Baseball team that played in the National League from 1881 to 1888 in the city of Detroit, Michigan. In total, they won 426 games and lost 437, taking their lone pennant (and winning the pre-modern World Series) in 1887. The team was disbanded following the 1888 season.
Lempert
Lempert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jochen Lempert (born 1958), German photographer

László Lempert (born 1952), Hungarian-American mathematician

Phil Lempert (born 1953), American television personality

Ted Lempert (born 1961), American politician

Werner Lempert (1937–2025), East German slalom canoeist

László Lempert
László Lempert (4 June 1952, in Budapest) is a Hungarian-American mathematician, working in several complex variables and complex geometry. He proved that the Carathéodory and Kobayashi distances agree on convex domains. He further proved that a compact, strictly pseudoconvex real analytic hypersurface can be embedded into the unit sphere of a Hilbert space.
Hannah Bluma Sultz
Hannah Bluma Sultz (Hebrew: חנה־בלומה סולץ; fl. 19th century; born in Vilna) was a Lithuanian Hebrew poet. She was among the few women to publish literary works during the Haskalah period.

Her poems include Ha-Maḥaze ('The Play', 1882), a 54-stanza allegory of the power of wealth, and Gei Ḥizayon ('The Valley of Revelation', 1883), a description of a prophetic Zionist vision, published as special additions to the 10th and 11th volumes of Ha-Shaḥar, respectively.

Ha-Shaḥar
Ha-Shaḥar (Hebrew: הַשַּׁחַר, lit. 'The Dawn') was a Hebrew-language monthly periodical, published and edited at Vienna by Peretz Smolenskin from 1868 to 1884.

The journal contained scientific articles, essays, biographies, and literature, as well as general Jewish news. The objects of Smolenskin were to spread Enlightenment and knowledge of the Hebrew language, and particularly to oppose obscurantism. Its publication was interrupted several times for lack of support. Ha-Shaḥar greatly influenced the Haskalah movement, especially in Russia, where it was well known. It was read secretly in the yeshivot, in private houses, and in the batte midrashot.
Rainey Street Historic District
The Rainey Street Historic District is a street of historic homes, many of the bungalow style, in downtown Austin, Texas.

Rainey Street is positioned near Lady Bird Lake and Interstate 35 in the southeast corner of downtown. Though 21 buildings are specifically identified as a part of the historic district, the stretch of Rainey between River and Driskill includes 31 buildings built before 1934, giving the neighborhood a historic character relative to other areas of the city. The district includes 120 acres (0.49 km2) from 70 to 97 Rainey Street. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Since the early 2010s, the formerly sleepy residential street has turned into a popular nightlife district. Much of the historic homes have been renovated into bars and restaurants, many of which feature large porches and outdoor yards for patrons.

Lady Bird Lake
Lady Bird Lake (formerly, and still colloquially referred to as, Town Lake) is a river-like reservoir on the Colorado River in Austin, Texas, United States. The City of Austin created the reservoir in 1960 as a cooling pond for a new city power plant. The lake, which has a surface area of 416 acres (168 ha), is now used primarily for recreation and flood control. The reservoir is named in honor of former First Lady of the United States Lady Bird Johnson.

Lady Bird Lake is the easternmost lake of a chain of reservoirs on the river, which is completely located in Texas, and should not be confused with the larger Colorado River located in the Southwestern United States. This chain, known locally as the Texas Highland Lakes, also includes Lake Buchanan, Inks Lake, Lake LBJ, Lake Marble Falls, Lake Travis, and Lake Austin.
Ozolnieki
Ozolnieki is a village in Ozolnieki Parish, Jelgava Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. The village is located at Iecava river approximately 36 km (22 mi) from the capital Riga and 6 km (4 mi) from the city of Jelgava.

Jelgava Municipality
Jelgava Municipality (Latvian: Jelgavas novads) is a municipality in Zemgale, Latvia. Its administrative center is Jelgava, although it is extraterritorial as the city is a separate municipality of its own.

The municipality was formed in 2009 from Jelgava district by merging Eleja Parish, Glūda Parish, Jaunsvirlauka Parish, Lielplatone Parish, Līvbērze Parish, Platone Parish, Sesava Parish, Svēte Parish, Valgunde Parish, Vilce Parish, Vircava Parish, Zaļenieki Parish and Kalnciems town with its rural territory. As of 2020, the population was 21,738.

On 1 July 2021, Jelgava Municipality was enlarged when Ozolnieki Municipality and its parishes were merged into it during the Latvian administrative reform of 2021. It borders Lithuania.
Phototype
Phototype can refer to a metal printing block, sometimes prepared using photogravure to reproduce a photograph in printing.  The block may be a halftone image.

Phototype can also refer to type set using a phototypesetting process to prepare pages for photo lithography. This process replaced hot metal typesetting. It was commonly used in the late nineteenth century (for book illustration), and through the 1970s and 1980s, and was in turn rapidly rendered obsolete by modern systems which employ a raster image processor to render an entire page to a single high-resolution digital image which is then photoset.

Skin phototype depends on the amount of melanin pigment in the skin.  It is assessed on a scale from 1 to 6. See Fitzpatrick scale for more details.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Phototype". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

Photogravure
Photogravure (in French héliogravure) is a process for printing photographs, also sometimes used for reproductive intaglio printmaking. It is a photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio plate that can reproduce detailed continuous tones of a photograph.

The process was important in 19th-century photography, but by the 20th century was only used by some fine art photographers. By the mid-century it was almost extinct, but has seen a limited revival.
Charles Ansorge
Charles Ansorge (born in Spiller, Silesia, Germany, in 1817; died in Chicago, 28 October 1866) was a German-born musician and composer who, as a Forty-Eighter, emigrated to the United States and worked for a time there also.

Pasiecznik, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Pasiecznik [paˈɕɛt͡ʂnik] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomierz, within Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. The German name for it was Spiller.

A minor trade route passed through the village in the late medieval and early modern periods, connecting Wrocław, Bolków and Jelenia Góra with Gryfów, Lubań and Zgorzelec.
Federico Conforti
Federico Conforti (born 10 March 1992 in Padua) is a retired Italian rugby union player.
His usual position was as a Flanker.

For 2016–17 Pro12 season, he named like Additional Player for Benetton.

After playing for Italy Under 20 in 2011 and 2012, in 2016 and 2018, Conforti was also named in the Emerging Italy squad for annual World Rugby Nations Cup.

Italy A national rugby union team
The Italy A national rugby union team (Italian: Nazionale A di rugby a 15 dell'Italia, also known as Italia Emergenti which means Italy Emerging Players, Italia XV or Italia Under 23) are the second national rugby union team in Italy after the national side.

They competed in the Six Nations "A" from 2000 to 2003, in the IRB Nations Cup from 2006 until 2013, except in 2011 when they played the Churchill Cup. They have also participated in the IRB Tbilisi Cup in 2014.

From 2016 to 2018 it played in the World Rugby Nations Cup.
St. Georges, Manitoba
St. Georges is a small community in Manitoba, on the Winnipeg River.  It is located in the Rural Municipality of Alexander and home to the municipality's administrative offices. The parish began in 1882 when Father Joachim Allard left from the Fort Alexander Indian reserve to live on the Winnipeg River. He invited residents of Chateauguay Quebec to join him so that they could create a French-Canadian parish in the middle of Manitoba. The first chapel was constructed in 1903 and from then on the area became known as Saint-Georges de Chateauguay parish. The first church built in what is now known as St. Georges was in 1909. In 2003 a monument was built to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the founding of the parish.

The community is accessed by Manitoba Highway 11, which is part of the La Vérendrye Trail.

Rural Municipality of Alexander
The Rural Municipality of Alexander (French: Municipalité rurale d'Alexander) is a rural municipality in the Eastman Region of Manitoba, Canada. The town of Powerview-Pine Falls lies adjacent to the municipality, as does the Sagkeeng First Nation Indian reserve.

The municipality contains all of Manitoba's Belair Provincial Forest in its westernmost part, plus the northern half of Brightstone Sand Hills Provincial Forest in its central part.