hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles H. P. Tupper
Charles Herbert Percy Tupper (October 11, 1887 – May 18, 1950) was a Canadian politician. After being an unsuccessful candidate in the 1928 provincial election, he served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1933 until his defeat in the 1941 provincial election from the electoral district of Similkameen, a member of the British Columbia Liberal Party.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Seleucid Dynastic Wars
The Seleucid Dynastic Wars were a series of wars of succession that were fought between competing branches of the Seleucid royal household for control of the Seleucid Empire.  Beginning as a by-product of several succession crises that arose from the reigns of Seleucus IV Philopator and his brother Antiochus IV Epiphanes in the 170s and 160s, the wars typified the final years of the empire and were an important cause of its decline as a major power in the Near East and Hellenistic world. The last war ended with the collapse of the kingdom and its annexation by the Roman Republic in 63 BC.

War of succession
A war of succession is prompted by a succession crisis in which two or more individuals claim to be the rightful successor to a deceased or deposed monarch. The rivals are typically supported by factions within the royal court. Foreign powers sometimes intervene, allying themselves with a faction. This may widen the war into one between those powers.

Wars of succession were some of the most prevalent types of wars by cause throughout human history, but the replacement of absolute monarchies by an international order based on democracy with constitutional monarchies or republics ended almost all such wars by 1900.
Ruvu weaver
The Ruvu weaver (Ploceus holoxanthus) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is endemic to eastern Tanzania.

Initially described as a distinct species by Gustav Hartlaub in 1891, it was synonymized with the eastern golden weaver (P. subaureus) by the majority of later authorities. However, critical morphological analysis in 2021 confirmed it as being a distinct species. It can be generally distinguished from P. subaureus by the darker brown eye of the male and the lighter lower mandible of the female.

It has a very restricted distribution in Tanzania, being only found along the Ruvu, Wami, and Rufiji river basins. Several colonies are known from the vicinity of Morogoro.

Rufiji River
The Rufiji River lies entirely within Tanzania. It is also the largest and longest river in the country. The river is formed by the confluence of the Kilombero and Luwegu rivers. It is approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) long, with its source in southwestern Tanzania and its mouth on the Indian Ocean opposite Mafia Island across the Mafia Channel, in Pwani Region. Its principal tributary is the Great Ruaha River. It is navigable for approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi).

The Rufiji river is approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Dar es Salaam. The river's delta contains the largest mangrove forest in eastern Africa.
Satisfaction season 2
Season 2 of Satisfaction began airing on 2 December 2008, and ended on 3 February 2009. Satisfaction continued to air on Foxtel's Showcase channel, airing all 10 episodes for the 2nd season. Season 2 saw the arrival of new character Sean (Dustin Clare), and also the departure of Tippi (Bojana Novakovic).

Showtime Movie Channels
Showtime Movie Channels was a group of Australian pay television movie channels, available on the Foxtel, Optus and Austar TV platforms. The service consisted of five original channels (showtime premiere, showcase, showtime action, showtime comedy, showtime drama), three HD simulcasts (showtime premiere HD, showcase HD, showtime action HD) and two timeshift channels (showtime two, showcase two). It was owned and operated by the Premium Movie Partnership (PMP), a joint venture in which Sony Pictures Entertainment, NBCUniversal, Viacom, News Corporation and Liberty Global had equal shares. Foxtel took over managing and producing the Showtime channels as of 31 October 2012, with it purchasing assets of the PMP. On 9 December 2012, it was announced that Movie Network and Showtime (with the exception of Showcase) would be replaced with a new line-up of Foxtel branded movie channels to be named Foxtel Movies

The main competitor to Showtime was Movie Network Channels.
119th Brigade (Croatia)
The 119th Brigade (Croatian: 119. brigada), was a Croatian Army guards brigade formed on 7 September 1991 in Pula, western Croatia, with personnel from the former Territorial Defense Brigade Joakim Rakovac. It is, together  with the 1st Home Guard Battalion Pula and the 154th Brigade HV, one of the military units from Istria drafted for the Croatian War of Independence. During the Croatian War of Independence, the 119th Brigade primarily operated in the areas of Glibodol, Saborsko, Plitvice, Rakovica, Tržačka Raštela, as well as Slavonia and Dubrovnik.

The brigade originated in Istria County, which is the Croatian region that, proportionally, gave the largest number of veterans. It actively participated in Operation Oluja, and is noted for its impeccable conduct and lack of involvement in war crimes. Seven Istrians from the brigade perished in the conflict.

Istria County
Istria County (/ˈɪstriə/; Croatian: Istarska županija; Italian: Regione istriana, lit. "Istrian Region") is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the majority of the Istrian peninsula.

Administrative centers in the county are Pazin, Pula (Pola) and Poreč(Parenzo). Istria County has the largest Italian-speaking population in Croatia. It borders Slovenia on the north.
Ángel Mullera
Ángel Mullera (Lloret de Mar 1984-) is a Spanish steeplechaser. Prior to the 2012 Olympic Games, Mullera was thrown out of the Spanish Olympic team for doping offences but later overturned this at the Court of Arbitration for Sport.

In September 2013, it was announced that Mullera had failed a doping test in the 2013 Spanish athletics national championships. The substance allegedly used by the athlete was corticosteroid.

Lloret de Mar
Lloret de Mar (Catalan: [ʎuˈɾɛd də ˈmaɾ] ⓘ; Spanish: [ʎoˈɾe(ð) ðe ˈmaɾ] ⓘ) is a Mediterranean coastal town in Catalonia, Spain. It is 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of Girona and 75 kilometres (47 miles) northeast of Barcelona. With a population of 38,402 in 2021, it is the second largest town in the Selva comarca of Catalonia.

Lloret de Mar attracts summer visitors on package tours. Its main beach (length: 1,630 m; width: 45 m; small, gravel-like stones) is one of the most popular Costa Brava beaches, and is consistently awarded the Blue Flag for cleanliness.
Bálint Virág
Bálint Virág (born 1973) is a Hungarian mathematician working in Canada, known for his work in probability theory, particularly determinantal processes, random matrix theory, and random walks and other probabilistic questions on groups. He received his Ph.D. from U.C. Berkeley in 2000, under the direction of Yuval Peres, and was a post-doc at MIT. Since 2003 he has been a Canada research chair at the University of Toronto.

Virág was awarded a Sloan Fellowship (2004), the Rollo Davidson Prize (2008), the Coxeter–James Prize (2010), and the John L. Synge Award (2014). He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2014.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder that prevents the body from converting certain fats called long-chain fatty acids(LCFA) into energy, particularly during periods without food. It is caused by a mutation in CPT1A on chromosome 11.

Carnitine, a natural substance acquired mostly through the diet, is used by cells to process fats and produce energy. People with this disorder have a faulty enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, that prevents these long-chain fatty acids from being transported into the mitochondria to be broken down.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Razorcake
Razorcake is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that publishes the Razorcake fanzine, a DIY punk rock fanzine published bi-monthly out of Los Angeles, California. It was co-founded by Todd Taylor (former Flipside managing editor) and Sean Carswell (author and Gorsky Press co-founder) in 2001.

The Brat (band)
The Brat was a Chicano punk rock ensemble originating from the barrios of East Los Angeles, California. Its three core members were lead singer Teresa Covarrubias, lead guitarist Rudy Medina, and alternate lead and rhythm guitarist Sidney Medina. From their conception in late 1978 to their eventual break-up in 1985, The Brat contributed to the customization and intermeshing of multiple musical and cultural models that culminated in the distinct East Los Angeles, Chicano punk sound.

Along with being pioneers in the East Los Angeles punk movement, they are best known for their five song EP Attitudes, released in 1980 through the independent label Fatima Records, while contributing to the understanding of the many ways culture transforms and challenges dominant hegemonic ideologies.
Memorial to Elizabeth II, London
A planned memorial to Queen Elizabeth II is to be built in St James's Park in central London.

Queen Elizabeth II died in September 2022 and the plans for the memorial were announced shortly before the second anniversary of her death in 2024.

It will involve statues of the Queen and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at Marlborough Gate overlooking The Mall, both by Martin Jennings. There will also be a smaller sculpture of the Queen by Karen Newman on Birdcage Walk.

The location has been chosen for its proximity to Buckingham Palace and The Mall and to facilitate the large numbers of visitors and tourists that the area is associated with.

A contest for the statue design was launched in late 2024. The shortlist of design teams for the memorial was announced in February 2025. The design team led by Foster + Partners was announced as the winner on 24 June 2025. The final design will be announced in the spring of 2026 to coincide with the centenary of Elizabeth's birth.

Foster and Partners
Foster and Partners (styled as Foster + Partners) is a British international architecture firm with its headquarters in London, England. It was founded in 1967 by British architect and designer Norman Foster. The firm has been involved in the design of major projects around the world, including the Gherkin in London, the Hearst Tower in New York City, the 1990s renovation of the Reichstag in Berlin, the Millau Viaduct in France and Hong Kong International Airport.

In addition to architectural design, the firm's practice encompasses engineering and industrial design. As of 2021, the firm had approximately 1,500 employees, located in offices in multiple cities, including New York City, Hong Kong, and Madrid. The firm has won the Pritzker Architecture Prize and the Stirling Prize. By 2024, Foster + Partner earned more than half a billion dollars in fees.
A22 motorway (Cyprus)
The A22 is a future Motorway planned to bypass the capital of Cyprus, Nicosia starting from the industrial zone of Dali to the A9 near Nicosia International Airport. The first stage of the motorway from junction at A1 motorway to the junction at north of Tseri is completed. This motorway project includes plans for a tunnel below Lakatamia for the second stage. Further plans also include a connection road to Geri from the junction with A1.

An unnumbered motorway starting from Anthoupolis Junction with A9 and going towards southwest of Nicosia through Kato Deftera towards Klirou is also included in this motorway project, and is concurrently under construction.

Anthoupolis
Anthoupolis (Greek: Ανθούπολη) is a village, south of Nicosia, Cyprus. Anthoupolis is a rather new area which was created after the Turkish Invasion of 1974 to house refugees. The original refugee site is slowly abandoned and new houses and projects are being held to regenerate the wider area. The Greek name means Flower-City or in a more metaphorical sense flowering, expanding city.

Anthoupolis is located next to the A9 highway exit towards Troodos mountain.
Ken Raymond
Kenneth Norman Raymond (born January 7, 1942) is a bioinorganic and coordination chemist. He is Chancellor's Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, Professor of the Graduate School, the Director of the Seaborg Center in the Chemical Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the President and Chairman of Lumiphore.

Reed College
Reed College is a private liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus in the Eastmoreland neighborhood, Tudor-Gothic style architecture, and a forested canyon nature preserve at its center. Reed alumni include 123 Fulbright Scholars, 73 Watson Fellows, and three Churchill Scholars.
Pope Markianos of Alexandria
Pope Markianos was the eighth Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria, reigning from 141 to 152.

Markianos was born in Alexandria, Egypt and he was the Dean of The Catechetical School of Alexandria, before being appointed Patriarch in the month of Hathor in the year 141 AD during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius.

He died on the 6th of Tobi, in the year 152 AD.

Hathor (month)
Hathor (Coptic: Ϩⲁⲑⲱⲣ, Hathōr), also known as Athyr (Ancient Greek: Ἀθύρ, Athýr) and Hatur (Arabic: هاتور), is the third month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lies between November 10 and December 9 of the Gregorian calendar.

The month of Hathor is also the third month of the season of Akhet (Inundation) in Ancient Egypt, when the Nile floods historically covered the land of Egypt; they have not done so since the construction of the High Dam at Aswan.
Gamkonora language
Gamkonora is one of the North Halmahera languages used in West Halmahera. It is spoken in the region around Mount Gamkonora, where its speakers are mostly concentrated.

Gamkonora is closely related to Sahu. They are included in the same branch of the North Halmahera languages.

Mount Gamkonora
Mount Gamkonora is a stratovolcano on Halmahera island, Indonesia. With an elevation of 1,560 metres (5,118 ft), it is the highest peak on the island. It has produced an elongated series of craters along the north–south rift.

Mount Gamkonora is an active volcano that produced 13 eruptions with indices from 1 to 5 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). The largest eruption occurred on 20 May 1673 (VEI-5) and was accompanied by a tsunami which inundated the nearby villages. Between 1564 and 1989 the volcano erupted twelve times.

The volcano erupted again on 10 July 2007, with over 8,000 people reported to have fled their homes in the vicinity.
Selma Ek
Selma Ek (3 September 1856 – 3 May 1941) was a Swedish operatic soprano who had an active international career from the 1870s through the 1890s. Like Lilli Lehmann and Lillian Nordica, she was one of those universally talented singers of the late 19th century who was able to master roles from the coloratura, lyric, and dramatic soprano repertoires. The leading Swedish soprano of her day, she was particularly admired for her portrayals of Mozart, Wagner, and Verdi heroines.

Coloratura soprano
A coloratura soprano (Italian: soprano di coloratura) is a type of operatic soprano voice that specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs, leaps and trills.

The term coloratura refers to the elaborate ornamentation of a melody, which is a typical component of the music written for this voice. Within the coloratura category, there are roles written specifically for lighter voices known as lyric coloraturas and others for larger voices known as dramatic coloraturas. Categories within a certain vocal range are determined by the size, weight and color of the voice. Coloratura is particularly found in vocal music and especially in operatic singing of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Usual interstitial pneumonia
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a form of lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of both lungs. The scarring (pulmonary fibrosis) involves the pulmonary interstitium (the supporting framework of the lung). UIP is thus classified as a form of interstitial lung disease.

Interstitium
In anatomy, the interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell membrane or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system. The fluid in this space is called interstitial fluid, this fluid comprises water and solutes which drains into the lymph system. The interstitial compartment is composed of connective and supporting tissues within the body called the extracellular matrix that are situated outside the blood, lymphatic vessels, and the parenchyma of organs. The role of the interstitium in solute concentration, protein transport and hydrostatic pressure impacts human pathology and physiological responses such as edema, inflammation and shock.
2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens was held at The Sevens in Dubai alongside the inaugural women's tournament. The tournament was held from 5 March to 7 March, with Wales beating Argentina 19−12 at the final.

Argentina national rugby sevens team
The Argentina national rugby sevens team competes in the World Rugby Sevens Series, in the Rugby World Cup Sevens, and, beginning in 2016, in the Summer Olympics.

The Argentine rugby sevens team has had some success in the World Rugby Sevens Series, finishing third in 2003–04, and finishing among the top six teams in five out of six seasons from 2003–04 to 2008–09. Argentina won the USA Sevens tournament in 2004 and again in 2009. During its peak, the Argentine team was led by Santiago Gómez Cora, who is ranked all-time first in tries (230), fifth in points (1,178), and third in appearances (61).

Argentina's best finish at the Rugby World Cup Sevens came in 2009, when the team reached the finals and finished as runners up.
Patton, Shropshire
Patton is a hamlet in Shropshire, England.

It is located in the civil parish of Stanton Long on the B4378 road between Bourton and Brockton. It lies on the eastern hillside of the upper Corve valley at an elevation of around 205 metres (673 ft) above sea level. The market town of Much Wenlock is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) distant.

Much Wenlock
Much Wenlock is a market town and parish in Shropshire, England; it is situated on the A458 road between Shrewsbury and Bridgnorth. Nearby, to the north-east, is the Ironbridge Gorge and Telford. The civil parish includes the villages of Homer (1 mile (1.6 km) north of the town), Wyke (2 miles (3 km) north-east), Atterley (2 miles (3 km) south-east), Stretton Westwood (2 miles (3 km) south-west) and Bourton (3 miles (5 km) south-west). The population of the civil parish, according to the 2001 Census, was 2,605, increasing to 2,877 by 2011.

Notable historic attractions in the town are Wenlock Priory, Wenlock Edge, Holy Trinity Church and the Guildhall. The Wenlock Olympian Games, established by William Penny Brookes in 1850, are centred in the town. Brookes is credited as a founding father of the modern Olympic Games and one of the London 2012 Summer Olympics mascots was named Wenlock, after the town.
INS Karanj (S23)
INS Karanj (S23) is the third submarine of the first batch of six Kalvari-class submarines for the Indian Navy. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine based on the Scorpène class, designed by French naval defence and energy group DCNS and manufactured by Mazagon Dock Limited, an Indian shipyard in Mumbai. The submarine was launched on 31 January 2018, delivered to Indian Navy on 15 February 2021, commissioned on 10 March 2021 in Mumbai in presence of Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh and Admiral VS Shekhawat (retd.).

The submarine inherits its name from INS Karanj (S21) which served in the Navy from 1969 to 2003, and was named after Karanja island, also known as Uran island, located in the Raigad district of Maharashtra.

Karanja, Raigad
Karanja or Uran Island is a town in Uran, Raigad district of Maharashtra, India, about eight miles (13 km) long and four miles (6.4 km) broad. It lies in the south-east of Mumbai Harbour, about six miles (9.7 km) miles south-east of the Carnac pier in Mumbai (Bombay).
C. V. Raju
C. V. Raju is an Indian toy maker and innovator from Etikoppaka in Anakapalli District of Andhra Pradesh, India. He is known for reviving the traditional art of making Etikoppaka toys, which has a geographical indication tag. He also made many vegetable-based dyes for Etikoppaka toys, and also developed new tools, techniques and methods to extend the shelf life of these dyes.

In 2003 Raju received 2nd Biennial National Grassroots Innovation and Outstanding Traditional Knowledge Award from National Innovation Foundation – India. He has also won the Centenary Award, the Seal of Excellence for Handicrafts from UNESCO and Lifetime Achievement Award from Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage. In 2023, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India.

Department of Science and Technology (India)
The Department of Science and Technology (DST) is a department within the Ministry of Science and Technology in India. It was established in May 1971 to promote new areas of science and technology and to play the role of a nodal department for organising, coordinating and promoting scientific and technological activities in the country. It gives funds to various approved scientific projects in India. It also supports various researchers in India to attend conferences abroad and to go for experimental works.