hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John W. Birks
John W. Birks (born 10 December 1946, in Vinita, Oklahoma, USA) is an American atmospheric chemist and entrepreneur who is best known for co-discovery with Paul Crutzen of the potential atmospheric effects of nuclear war known as nuclear winter. His most recent awards include the 2019 Haagen-Smit Clean Air Award for his contributions to atmospheric chemistry and the 2022 Future of Life Award for discovery of the nuclear winter effect.

As an entrepreneur, Birks co-founded the two technology companies, 2B Technologies and InDevR. At 2B Technologies he served as president during 2005-2020 and currently serves as Chief Scientist.

Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science that studies the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets. This multidisciplinary approach of research draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology, climatology and other disciplines to understand both natural and human-induced changes in atmospheric composition. Key areas of research include the behavior of trace gasses, the formation of pollutants, and the role of aerosols and greenhouse gasses. Through a combination of observations, laboratory experiments, and computer modeling, atmospheric chemists investigate the causes and consequences of atmospheric changes.
2019 China Open – Women's singles
Naomi Osaka defeated Ashleigh Barty in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2019 China Open. It was Osaka's second Premier Mandatory-level title.

Caroline Wozniacki was the defending champion, but lost to Osaka in the semifinals.

Barty and Karolína Plíšková were in contention for the WTA no. 1 singles ranking at the start of the tournament. Barty retained the top ranking when Plíšková lost in the first round to Jeļena Ostapenko.

Lauren Davis
Lauren Davis (born October 9, 1993) is an American former professional tennis player. Known for her aggressive backhand, speed, and clay-court strength, she has won two singles titles on the WTA Tour and reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 26, in May 2017. She has also won eight singles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Harbaugh
Harbaugh is a surname which is the Americanized form of the German name Harbach. Notable people with the surname include:

A. G. Harbaugh (1872–1934), American college football coach, assayer, and chemist

Carl Harbaugh (c. 1886–1960), American film actor, screenwriter, and director

Greg Harbaugh Jr. (born 1986), American football coach

Gregory J. Harbaugh (born 1956), American astronaut

Henry Harbaugh (1817–1867), Pennsylvania Dutch clergyman and writer

Jack Harbaugh (born 1939), American football coach
John Harbaugh (born 1962), American football coach, Jack's older son
Jim Harbaugh (born 1963), American football coach, Jack's younger son
Jay Harbaugh (born 1989), American football coach, Jim's son

John W. Harbaugh (1926–2019), American geologist

Ken Harbaugh (born 1973), American Navy pilot and nonprofit executive

Simon Harbaugh (1873–1960), American golfer

Thomas Chalmers Harbaugh (1849–1924) American poet and novelist

Jay Harbaugh
Jay Patrick Harbaugh (/ˈhɑːrbɔː/; born June 14, 1989) is an American professional football coach who is the special teams coordinator for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). A member of the Harbaugh family, he is the son of Los Angeles Chargers head coach Jim Harbaugh, grandson of former player and coach Jack Harbaugh, and the nephew of New York Giants head coach, John Harbaugh.
Happy Birthday, Cookie Monster
Happy Birthday, Cookie Monster is a children's book written by Felice Haus, with illustrations by Carol Nicklaus, published in 1986 by Random House. The book features Cookie Monster, a character from the PBS children's television series Sesame Street. The book was honored as an International Reading Association Children's Choice.

The book was reissued as part of the Step into Reading series, in Step 1, meant for 4-to 8-year-old children. Cookie Monster's birthday is November 2.

The plot is that Cookie finds himself sad on his birthday after eating all his birthday cake before his party. He doesn't know what he will feed his guests. When his guests arrive, they all bring a cake. In the end, they all have a good time, especially Cookie Monster.

The plot summary on the back of this book reads: "It is Cookie Monster's birthday. He bakes a yummy cake. But he eats it all before the party begins! Now he has no cake to give his friends. What will he do? Find out in this funny story."

International Literacy Association
The International Literacy Association (ILA), formerly the International Reading Association (IRA), is an international global advocacy and member professional organization that was created in 1956 to improve reading instruction, facilitate dialogue about research on reading, and encourage the habit of reading across the globe.

The organization is headquartered in Newark, Delaware, United States, with a network of more than 300,000 literacy educators, researchers, and experts across 128 countries. The current President of the Board is Dana A. Robertson.
Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italian: Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze), also known by the acronym MEF, is a ministry of the Italian government. Its responsibilities include overseeing economic policy, public investments and spending. The Ministry's headquarters are located in Rome's historic Palazzo delle Finanze. The current minister in the Meloni Cabinet is Giancarlo Giorgetti.

Giancarlo Giorgetti
Giancarlo Giorgetti (Italian pronunciation: [dʒaŋˈkarlo dʒorˈdʒetti]; born 16 December 1966) is an Italian politician and prominent member of the League, of which he became deputy secretary in 2016. Since October 2022, Giorgetti has served as Minister of Economy and Finance in the government of Giorgia Meloni. Previously, he was Secretary of the Council of Ministers from June 2018 until September 2019, in the government of Giuseppe Conte and later Minister of Economic Development from February 2021 until October 2022, in the government of Mario Draghi.
2005–06 NBL All-Star Game
The 2005/06 NBL All-Star Game was held at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney, New South Wales on 27 December 2005. The attendance for this All-Star game was 4783 spectators.

The Aussie All-Stars defeated the World All-Stars 151–116.  Veteran Darryl McDonald from the Melbourne Tigers won the All-Star MVP award, registering 19 points, 10 assists, 5 rebounds and 6 steals.  Game high scorers included Chris Anstey (22), Glen Saville (20) and McDonald for the Aussie All-Stars, and Cortez Groves (19), Mike Helms (16) and Dusty Rychart (14) for the World All-Stars.

While named in the World All-Stars squad, Rolan Roberts did not play in the All-Star game due to suffering a season-ending shoulder injury during the Dunk Competition.

Melbourne United
Melbourne United is an Australian professional basketball team based in Melbourne, Victoria. United compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at John Cain Arena.

The team made their debut in the NBL in 1984 as the Melbourne Tigers. The Tigers were led by coach Lindsay Gaze and his son Andrew from 1984 until 2005, with the pair guiding the Tigers to two championships in the 1990s. The pair were supported by fellow club legends such as Dave Simmons, Lanard Copeland and Mark Bradtke. Four consecutive NBL Grand Finals followed between 2006 and 2009, with championships coming in 2006 and 2008 behind the likes of Chris Anstey and Darryl McDonald. After 31 seasons known as the Melbourne Tigers, the franchise underwent a controversial rebrand in 2014, changing the name of the team to Melbourne United. United won NBL championships in 2018 and 2021. The franchise's six championships is second only to the Perth Wildcats (ten) for most titles in NBL history.
ICL International
The ICL International, formerly the Transvaal Open, was a golf tournament in South Africa as part of the Southern Africa Tour. The list of winners includes major champions Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Nick Price.

The tournament was initially played at Kensington Golf Club in Johannesburg. It moved to Zwartkop Country Club in Pretoria from 1984 to 1995.

Nick Faldo
Sir Nicholas Alexander Faldo (born 18 July 1957) is an English retired professional golfer and television commentator. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, he was renowned for his dedication to the game, and was ranked No. 1 on the Official World Golf Ranking for a total of 97 weeks. His 41 professional wins include 30 victories on the European Tour and six major championships: three Open Championships (1987, 1990, 1992) and three Masters (1989, 1990, 1996).

Faldo has since become a television commentator for major golf championships. In 2006, he became the lead golf analyst for CBS Sports. In 2012, Faldo joined the BBC Sport on-air team for coverage of the Open Championship.
Lisbon Metro
The Lisbon Metro (Portuguese: Metro de Lisboa) is a rapid transit system in Lisbon, Portugal. Opened in December 1959, it was the first rapid transit system in Portugal. 
As of 2023, the system's four lines total 44.5 kilometres (27.7 mi) of route and serve 56 stations.

Loures
Loures (locally [ˈloɾɨʃ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal which is part of the District and Metropolitan area of Lisbon. It is the fifth most populous municipality in the country, with a total population of 201,632.
Villorita cyprinoides
Villorita cyprinoides, the black clam, is found in the backwaters of Kerala, mainly in Vembanad backwaters. This species occurs in salinity range of 3 ppt in August to 16 ppt in May and the dissolved oxygen content ranged from a high of 6.5 ml/L during August–November to a low of 2.83 ml/L in February. The black clam attains sexual maturity at a length of 11 to 15 mm (0.43 to 0.59 in). It does not show sex reversal or hermaphroditism. It spawns twice a year, from May to August, and from January to late March. A change in salinity is the most important factor that triggers spawning, while temperature is not a factor. The optimum salinity for spawning is about 10–12 ppt.

The species is harvested extensively from the wild population and this could be potential threat to this species. Other recorded threats are closure of the Thaneermukham Barrage near Vambanad Lake, frequent dredging, pollution from effluents from shrimp processing plants/factories, ecotourism and Water Hyacinth weed.

Pontederia crassipes
Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes), commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive outside its native range. It is the sole species of the subgenus Oshunae within the genus Pontederia. Anecdotally, it is known as the "terror of Bengal" due to its invasive growth tendencies.
Textile Workers' Union (Finland)
The Textile Workers' Union (Finnish: Tekstiilityöväen Liitto) was a trade union representing workers in the textile industry in Finland.

The Textile and Knitting Workers' Union was affiliated to the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK) until 1960 but then joined the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ) split. The SAK decided to create a new union, to represent textile workers who wished to remain affiliated to the SAK. By 1970, it had 34,003 members.

In 1969, the SAK and the SAJ merged to form the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions. In response, the following year, the Textile Workers' Union merged with the Textile and Knitting Workers' Union, and the Union of Clothing Workers, to form the Textile and Clothing Workers' Union.

Finnish Federation of Trade Unions
The Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (Finnish: Suomen Ammattiyhdistysten Keskusliitto, SAK) was a national trade union centre in Finland.

The federation was established in 1930, after the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ) was banned.  Its initial affiliates were unions which supported the Social Democratic Party of Finland, whereas the SAJ had been dominated by communists.  Over time, the communists became prominent in the SAK, and this led a group of unions to split away in 1960 and form a new Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ).  In 1969, the SAK merged with the new SAJ, to form the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions.
Fan Xinyi
Fan Xinyi (born 26 January 2002) is a Chinese trampoline gymnast. She won the gold medal in the girls' trampoline event at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She also won the gold medal in the mixed multi-discipline team event.

At the 2018 Asian Trampoline Gymnastics Championships held in Makati, Philippines, she won the gold medal in the women's junior event.

In 2019, she won the bronze medal in the mixed all-around team event at the Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships held in Tokyo, Japan.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
Claudio Pescia
Claudio Pescia (born 17 November 1963 in Zurich) is a Swiss curler from Unterägeri. Originally the skip of the Italian national team, Pescia now skips under the Swiss flag.

From 1994 to 1998, Pescia skipped the Italian team in five European Curling Championships, finishing in fourth place in 1995. During that time period, he also skipped the Italian team at the 1996 Ford World Curling Championships, where Italy finished in eighth.

Pescia then moved to Switzerland, to play third for Ralph Stöckli. He played at the 2002 and 2005 European Championships with him, the 2003 and 2006 World Championships and the 2006 Winter Olympics. Pescia won a silver medal at the 2003 Ford World Men's Curling Championship.

2003 World Men's Curling Championship
The 2003 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as 2003 Ford World Men's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons)  was held at the Winnipeg Arena in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from April 5–13, 2003.
Zatoka, Odesa Oblast
Zatoka (Ukrainian: Затoка, romanized: Zatoka; Romanian: Zatoca or Bugaz) is a rural settlement in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion, Odesa Oblast, in southwestern Ukraine. It belongs to Karolino-Buhaz rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of Zatoka is 1,972 (2022 estimate). Its name comes from the Ukrainian-language word zatoka, meaning "bay".

The settlement is a local beach resort. Additionally, Zatoka contains a small port named Buhaz, which has a single pier and is part of the Port of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky. The settlement is located on a sand spit of the Dniester Estuary next to where the Dniester flows into the Black Sea. It is 60 km from Odesa and 18 km from the city of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Odesa Oblast, in the historical region of Budjak or southern Bessarabia.

Zatoka Bridge opened in 1955 and carries the R70 national road and the railway line from Odesa to Bessarabia.

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion (Ukrainian: Білгород-Дністровський район; Romanian: Raionul Cetatea Albă) is a raion (district) in Odesa Oblast of Ukraine. It is part of the historical region of Bessarabia. Its administrative center is the town of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. Population: 196,618 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Odesa Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Sarata and Tatarbunary Raions, as well as Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Municipality and part of Ovidiopol Raion, were merged into Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 59,349 (2020 est.).
Geography of Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste includes the mountainous eastern half of Timor, the Ocussi-Ambeno region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Atauro and Jaco. The country is located northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian Archipelago. 'Timor' is a Portuguese derivation of 'Timor', the Malay word for "Orient"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Timor-Leste is the only Asian nation to lie entirely within the Southern Hemisphere. The Loes River is the longest with a length of 80 km (50 mi). This river system covers an area of 2,184 km2 (843 mi2). It is a small country with a land size of 14,919 km2 (5,760 mi2). The exclusive economic zone is 70,326 km2 (27,153 mi2).

Oecusse
Oecusse, also known as Oecusse-Ambeno (Portuguese: Oé-Cusse Ambeno; Tetum: Oecussi Ambeno) and formerly just Ambeno, is an exclave, municipality (formerly a district) and the only Special Administrative Region (SAR) of Timor-Leste.

Located on the north coast of the western portion of Timor, Oecusse is separated from the rest of Timor-Leste by West Timor, Indonesia, which is part of the province of East Nusa Tenggara. West Timor surrounds Oecusse on all sides except the north, where the exclave faces the Savu Sea.

The capital of Oecusse is Pante Macassar, also called Oecussi Town, or formerly, in Portuguese Timor, Vila Taveiro. Originally Ambeno was the name of the former district and Oecussi its capital.
Bolivian literature
The constant political turmoil that Bolivia has experienced throughout its history has slowed the development of Bolivian literature. Many talents have had to emigrate or were silenced by the internal conflict. In recent years the literature of Bolivia has been in a process of growth, with the appearance of new writers. Older writers such as Adela Zamudio, Oscar Alfaro, and Franz Tamayo continue to be important.

Nearly half of Bolivia's population speaks indigenous languages such as: Quechua, Aymara or Guarani. The indigenous peoples of Bolivia have a rich oral tradition, as expressed in myths, legends, and stories; these stories generally have not been transcribed in writing.

Jesús Lara (writer)
Jesús Lara Lara (January 1, 1898 - September 6, 1980) was a Bolivian writer, poet, novelist, linguist, indigenist, journalist and politician. He was a member of the Unión Nacional de Poetas y Escritores de Cochabamba.

Born in Muela (now Villa Rivero), Cochabamba, Lara attended primary school there and secondary school in the city of Cochabamba. During the Chaco War with Paraguay he fought on the front lines, an experience that would mark the rest of his life. He was imprisoned several times for his activities as a member of the Communist Party. In 1956 he was the Party’s candidate for Vice President of Bolivia.

Lara’s literary work, which deals mainly with the social problems of indigenous people, earned him numerous prizes and distinctions, including an honorary doctorate from the University of San Simón de Cochabamba in 1979.
Robert Coombes (murderer)
Robert Allen Coombes MM (6 January 1882 – 7 May 1949) was an Englishman whose murder of his mother in 1895 at the age of 13 caused a media sensation, dubbed the Plaistow Horror. Contemporary descriptions suggest Robert had no moral compass, and was involved in many financial tricks, before turning to murder.

Robert was one of the only male prisoners in Holloway Prison and the youngest ever inmate of Broadmoor. He served 17 years in gaol for his crimes, being released at 30. Afterwards, he emigrated to Australia where he died at  67.

Broadmoor Hospital
Broadmoor Hospital is a high-security psychiatric hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England.

It is the oldest of England's three high-security psychiatric hospitals, the other two being Ashworth Hospital near Liverpool and Rampton Secure Hospital in Nottinghamshire. The hospital's catchment area consists of four National Health Service regions: London, Eastern, South East and South West. It is managed by the West London NHS Trust.
Throwin' Down
Throwin' Down is the sixth studio album by Rick James, released in 1982 via the Gordy imprint of Motown Records. It peaked at No. 13 on the Billboard 200. Although not as popular as Street Songs, Throwin' Down is certified gold by the RIAA. It was nominated for an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Album.

Grace Slick
Grace Slick (born Grace Barnett Wing; October 30, 1939) is an American painter and musician whose musical career spanned four decades. She was a prominent figure in San Francisco's psychedelic music scene during the mid-1960s to the early 1970s.

Initially performing with the Great Society, Slick achieved fame as the lead singer and frontwoman of Jefferson Airplane and its spinoff bands Jefferson Starship and Starship. Slick and Jefferson Airplane achieved significant success and popularity with their 1967 studio album Surrealistic Pillow, which included the top-ten US Billboard hits "White Rabbit" and "Somebody to Love".

With Starship, she sang co-lead for two number-one hits, "We Built This City" and "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now". She has released four studio albums as an independent artist. Slick retired from music in 1990, but continues to be active in visual arts. In 1996, Slick was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Jefferson Airplane.
Tri-Normal Conference
The Tri-Normal Conference (also known as the Tri-Normal League) was an intercollegiate athletic conference composed of member schools located in the state of Washington that operated from 1922 to 1938. The conference's three members were Washington State Normal School in Ellensburg (now known as Central Washington University), the State Normal School at Cheney (now known as Eastern Washington University), and Western Washington College of Education in Bellingham (now known as Western Washington University). When the conference disbanded in 1938, the three members joined Pacific Lutheran College—now known as Pacific Lutheran University—to form the Washington Intercollegiate Conference (WINCO).

Central Washington University
Central Washington University (CWU) is a public university in Ellensburg, Washington, United States.

Founded in 1891, the university consists of four divisions: the President's Division, Business and Financial Affairs, Operations, and Academic and Student Life (ASL). Within ASL are four colleges: the College of Arts and Humanities, the College of Business (Ellensburg campus and University Centers in the Puget Sound and central regions), the College of Education and Professional Studies, and College of the Sciences. CWU is considered an emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution and 15 percent of its students are Hispanic.