hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NPSOL
NPSOL is a software package that performs numerical optimization. It solves nonlinear constrained problems using the sequential quadratic programming algorithm. It was written in Fortran by Philip Gill of UCSD and Walter Murray, Michael Saunders and Margaret Wright of Stanford University. The name derives from a combination of NP for nonlinear programming and SOL, the Systems Optimization Laboratory at Stanford.

Nonlinear programming
In mathematics, nonlinear programming (NLP) is the process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints are not linear equalities or the objective function is not a linear function. An optimization problem is one of calculation of the extrema (maxima, minima or stationary points) of an objective function over a set of unknown real variables and conditional to the satisfaction of a system of equalities and inequalities, collectively termed constraints. It is the sub-field of mathematical optimization that deals with problems that are not linear.
Bourne Community College
Bourne Community College is a coeducational secondary school located in Southbourne, West Sussex, England specialising in STEM. The school formerly specialised in modern foreign languages.

It is located close to Southbourne railway station and is joined to the Bourne community leisure centre, the facilities of which are used by the school for Physical Education classes.

It is a foundation school administered by West Sussex County Council and the Bourne Community Trust. Facilities at the school include a STEM hub and AstroTurf football pitch.

Southbourne railway station
Southbourne railway station serves the village of Southbourne, West Sussex, England. It is on the West Coastway Line between Brighton and Southampton, 34 miles 16 chains (34.20 miles, 55.04 km) from Brighton.

It was originally opened in 1906, when it was called Southbourne Halt.
McCambridge
McCambridge or MacCambridge is a Gaelic surname of Kintyre origin. From there the name spread to Antrim as early as the 17th century. The Irish version Mac Ambróis, "son of Ambrose", was first suggested by Eoin Mac Néill but he qualified it with a question mark.  An alternative derivation may be from the more common Mac Anndrais.  Notable people with the surname include:

Gerry McCambridge, American magician

Jimmy McCambridge (1905–1988), Northern Irish footballer

John McCambridge (c1793–1873), Antrim Gaelic scholar

John McCambridge (born 1944), American football player and player of Canadian football

Keith McCambridge (born 1974), Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Maria McCambridge (born 1975), Irish long-distance runner

Mercedes McCambridge (1916–2004), American actor

Michael MacCambridge (born June 1963), American author, journalist and TV commentator

Michael MacCambridge
Michael MacCambridge (born June 21, 1963) is an American author, journalist and TV commentator. He is the author, co-author, or editor of 8 books, including the acclaimed America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation.

MacCambridge's most recent book is '69 Chiefs: A Team, a Season and the Birth of Modern Kansas City, chronicling the Kansas City Chiefs' 1969 Super Bowl championship season. It was released in October 2019 by Andrews McMeel Publishing.
Marktsackpfeife
The term Marktsackpfeife (MSP lit. 'market bagpipes', also known as "German pipes") commonly refers to a type of bagpipe which has been developed in East Germany at the beginning of 1980s for the specific purpose to be played at faires and markets as a modern interpretation of a certain type of Medieval bapipes. Depictions of such bagpipes are found in Medieval sources and are characterized by specific features like wide flaring bells atop the chanter and drones, apparent conical shape of the chanter and reportedly substantial volume of their sound. Since no actual chanters of this type of bagpipe have survived and/or have been recovered so far, the MSP has to be classified as a purely modern musical instrument having a historically informed exterior. MSP chanters typically use double reeds made of plastic or Arundo donax cane and drones usually work with single reeds made of same materials. Chanter bores are conical with a pronounced flare at the end as they transition into the bell.

Arundo donax
Arundo donax is a tall perennial cane. It is one of several so-called reed species. It has several common names including giant cane, elephant grass, carrizo, arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado river reed, wild cane, and giant reed. Arundo and donax are respectively the old Latin and Greek names for reed.

Arundo donax grows in damp soils, either fresh or moderately saline, and is native to the Greater Middle East. It has been widely planted and naturalised in the mild temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of both hemispheres, especially in the Mediterranean, California, the western Pacific and the Caribbean and is considered invasive in North America and Oceania. It forms dense stands on disturbed sites, sand dunes, in wetlands and riparian habitats.
Puma Wayin (Huallanca)
Puma Wayin (Quechua puma cougar, puma, Ancash Quechua wayi house, "cougar house", -n a suffix, also spelled Pumahuain, Pumahuin) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,400 m (14,436 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, Huallanca District, east of Ismu Cruz.

Ancash Quechua
Ancash Quechua (Huaylas Ancash Quechua: qichwa [ˈqɛtʃ.wa], or less often nuna shimi), also Huaylay or Waylay in linguistic terminology, is a Quechua variety spoken in the Peruvian department of Ancash by approximately 1,000,000 people. Like Wanka Quechua, it belongs to Quechua I (according to Alfredo Torero).
IDGAF (BoyWithUke song)
"IDGAF" is a song by American singer BoyWithUke featuring Blackbear, released as the third single from BoyWithUke's album Serotonin Dreams on March 18, 2022. BoyWithUke co-wrote the song with Blackbear, and it was produced by BoyWithUke and Andrew Goldstein.

Blackbear (musician)
Matthew Tyler Musto (born November 27, 1990), known professionally as Blackbear (stylized in all lowercase), is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He has released six studio albums, six EPs, one mixtape and two collaborative albums. Musto is also a member of the alternative hip-hop duo Mansionz with singer Mike Posner.
2015 Memphis Open – Doubles
Eric Butorac and Raven Klaasen were the defending champions, but Klaasen chose to compete in Rotterdam instead.  Butorac played alongside Rajeev Ram, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Artem Sitak and Donald Young.

Donald Young (tennis)
Donald Oliver Young Jr. (born July 23, 1989) is an American professional pickleball player with the American PPA Tour and Major League Pickleball, and also a former professional tennis player. Young had a tennis career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 38, achieved on 27 February 2012, and doubles ranking of world No. 43, achieved on 14 August 2017. As a junior he was ranked No. 1 in the world in 2005. His best singles performance was reaching the fourth round of the 2011 US Open, as well as the 2015 US Open. In doubles, he reached the final of the 2017 French Open, partnering Santiago González.  In mixed doubles, he reached the final of the 2024 US Open, partnering Taylor Townsend.
Tabloid (TV program)
Tabloid is Canadian information television program that aired on CBC Television. It was one of the earliest information television programs aired in Canada The program was broadcast weeknights from March 1953 to September 1960 after which it was renamed to Seven-O-One.

CBLT-DT
CBLT-DT (channel 5, cable channel 6) is a television station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, serving as the flagship station of the English-language service of CBC Television. It is part of a twinstick with Ici Radio-Canada Télé outlet CBLFT-DT (channel 25). The two stations share studios at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre on Front Street West in downtown Toronto, which is also shared with national cable news channel CBC News Network and houses the studios for most of the CBC's news and entertainment programs. CBLT-DT's transmitter is located atop the CN Tower.
Selšek
Selšek (pronounced [ˈseːu̯ʃək]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. It lies in the valley of Jablanica Creek (Slovene: Jablaniški potok) southeast of Litija. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Litija
Litija (pronounced [liˈtíːja] ⓘ; German: Littai) is a town in the Litija Basin in central Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Litija. It is located in the valley of the Sava River, east of the capital Ljubljana, in the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region; until January 2014 it was part of the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The town is home to about 6,500 people.
Basalt Rock Company
Basalt Rock Company was a multifaceted industrial operation that was founded in 1920.  The company started as a rock quarrying operation located a few miles south of Napa, California near Rocktram adjacent to the Napa River. It later branched out into the ship building business in 1941 when it started building ships for the U.S. Navy for use during World War II. Following the war, the plant built 30 miles of pipe for the City of Napa's pipeline from Lake Hennessey.

In 1950, the company took title of a cement plant formerly owned by Standard Portland Cement Company in what is now American Canyon, California. The cement plant remained in operation until 1978.  As of 2001, the city was evaluating the plant for future use.

Napa River
The Napa River is a river approximately 55 miles (89 km) long in the U.S. state of California.  It drains a famous wine-growing region called the Napa Valley, in the mountains north of the San Francisco Bay.  Milliken Creek and Mt. Veeder watersheds are a few of its many tributaries.  The river mouth is at Vallejo, where the intertidal zone of fresh and salt waters flow into the Carquinez Strait and the San Pablo Bay.
Not All Who Wander Are Lost (album)
Not All Who Wander Are Lost is the third solo album by American virtuoso mandolinist Chris Thile.  It was released on Sugar Hill in 2001.

The record builds on his previous work in that it is largely bluegrass and newgrass inspired. Although Not All Who Wander Are Lost was Thile's third solo album, it is widely considered his first major one, primarily based on the fact that Nickel Creek's initial success came in 2000 with their platinum debut album.

The picture on the cover of the album was taken in June 2001 in San Francisco before a Nickel Creek show at the Great American Music Hall.

Great American Music Hall
The Great American Music Hall is a concert hall in San Francisco, California. It is located on O'Farrell Street in the Tenderloin neighborhood on the same block as the Mitchell Brothers O'Farrell Theatre. It is known for its decorative balconies, columns, and frescoes and for its history of unique entertainment, which has included burlesque dancing as well as jazz, folk music, and rock and roll concerts.  The capacity of the hall is 700 people.
March 782
The March 782 was an open-wheel Formula 2 car, designed, developed and built by British manufacturer March Engineering in 1978. The 782 chassis was very competitive, and March dominated the season with their 782 chassis, and it was a clean-sweep; winning 11 out of the 12 races, and Bruno Giacomelli winning the championship, with 78 points (dropped from 82 points). Marc Surer finished second-place in the championship as runner-up, with 48 points (dropped from 51 points); also driving a 782 chassis. It saw continued used until the end of 1981, with Alberto Colombo winning at Hockenheim in 1980 with a two-year-old 782 chassis.

Hockenheimring
The Hockenheimring, officially Hockenheimring Baden-Württemberg (German: [ˈhɔkŋ̍haɪmʁɪŋ ˌbaːdn̩ ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ), is a motor racing circuit situated in the Rhine valley near the town of Hockenheim in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route. Amongst other motor racing events, it has hosted the German Grand Prix, most recently in 2019. The circuit is nearly flat. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.
Celosia whitei
Celosia whitei, is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. It was described in 1961 by William F. Grant, as Celosia whiteii. The plant was named in honor of Orland E. White.

William F. Grant
William Frederick Grant (October 20, 1924 – October 6, 2011) was a Canadian plant geneticist, biosystematist, educator, and environmental advocate who developed higher plant species for monitoring and testing for mutagenic effects of environmental pollutants. He has carried out research on the genetics of species of the genus Lotus (Leguminosae) and the forage species Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) developing an innovative procedure for increasing seed production in the legume birdsfoot trefoil.
Tim Horan (rugby league)
Tim Horan is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played for South Sydney, the Western Reds and Illawarra. He shares the same name as famous Australian Rugby Union player Tim Horan.

Tim Horan
Tim Horan AM (born 18 May 1970) is an Australian rugby union commentator and former player. He played for the Queensland Reds in the Super 12, and represented Australia. He was one of the best centres in the world throughout the 1990s due to his attacking prowess, formidable defence and playmaking ability. He became one of only 43 players who have won the Rugby World Cup on multiple occasions.

As well as inside centre, Horan also played fly-half and earned one international cap on the wing.
Columbia National Wildlife Area
Located in the southern part of British Columbia, Columbia National Wildlife Area was established to protect its wetlands and as a temporary home for migratory birds travelling to South America. The National Wildlife Area (NWA) is divided into four unit areas: Wilmer, Spillimacheen, Brisco and Harrogate, which are home to many diverse species of animals and plants which are significant in Canada.

The National Wildlife Area (NWA) permits seasonal activities that involve hiking and canoeing. On spring time around May, a bird festival called The Wings Over the Rockies is a good time to witness the NWA scenery and habitat.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Thanet Formation
The Thanet Formation is a geological formation found in the London Basin of southeastern  England. It is of early to mid-Thanetian (late Paleocene) age and gave its name to that stratigraphic interval. It was previously known as the Thanet Beds, the Thanet Sands and the Thanet Sand Formation. It was named after the Isle of Thanet. The type sections are Herne Bay in Kent for the upper part of the formation and Pegwell Bay for the lower part. It lies unconformably on the Late Cretaceous Chalk Group. It unconformably underlies the Lambeth Group, generally the Upnor Formation but in Essex it is the Reading Formation.

Isle of Thanet
The Isle of Thanet (/ˈθænɪt/) is a peninsula forming the easternmost part of Kent, England. While in the past it was separated from the mainland by the 600-metre-wide (2,000 ft) Wantsum Channel, it is no longer an island.

Archaeological remains testify to its settlement in ancient times. Today, it is a tourist destination, and has an active agricultural base.
Community Access Program
The Community Access Program (CAP, also seen as C@P) was an initiative of the Government of Canada which aimed to provide Canadians with affordable public access to the Internet and the skills they need to use it effectively. The program was administered by Industry Canada.

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED; French: Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada; ISDE) is a department of the Government of Canada. ISED is responsible for a number of the federal government's functions in regulating industry and commerce, promoting science and innovation, and supporting economic development. The department was known as Industry Canada (IC) prior to 2015.

The department is led by the Minister of Industry (currently Mélanie Joly), who also serves as the Minister responsible for Canada Economic Development for Quebec Regions. Several other ministerial portfolios are associated with the department. While the minister is head of the department, and provides policy/political direction, the day-to-day operations of the department are managed by the deputy minister, who is a public servant. The department headquarters are located at the C.D. Howe Building at 235 Queen Street in Ottawa, Ontario.
X-Ring
In mechanics:

X-ring, type of mechanical gasket similar to O-ring

In transmissions:

X-ring chain, A roller chain commonly used in high performance motorcycles.

In other fields:

X-ring, ring awarded to students of St. Francis Xavier University

In archery:

X-ring, also known as the inner 10 ring, serves as a tiebreaker.

X-ring chain
The X-ring chain is a specialized type of sealed roller chain used to transfer mechanical power. Like the standard O-ring chains it is also used in high-performance motorcycles. It uses X-ring seal to keep lubricant (usually grease) in place.

It has higher performance (in terms of durability, lifetime, and power loss) than O-ring chains as it has less friction while providing adequate lubrication and protection against foreign elements which also increases reliability. It can last twice as long as the O-ring chain under some circumstances.
Kanian Khurd
Kanian Khurd is a village in Shahkot, Jalandhar district, Punjab State, India. Kalan is a Persian word meaning "big," while Khurd means "small." When two villages share the same name, they are distinguished as Kalan (big) and Khurd (small), appended with the village name. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Shahkot, 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Nakodar, 44 kilometres (27 mi) from the district headquarters in Jalandhar, and 174 kilometres (108 mi) from the state capital, Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch, who is an elected representative of village according to the Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Kalathil Santhippom
Kalathil Santhippom (transl. Let's meet on the playfield) is a 2021 Indian Tamil language sports action drama film written and directed by N. Rajasekar with dialogues penned by R. Ashok. The film stars Jiiva, Arulnithi, Manjima Mohan and Priya Bhavani Shankar. The film is based on the sport of kabaddi and the friendship between two men Ashok and Anand who were initially regarded as rivals. It had its theatrical release on 5 February 2021 and opened to positive reviews from critics and became an average hit  at the box office.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Nicholas I of Opole
Nicholas I of Opole (Polish: Mikołaj I; c. 1424 – 3 July 1476) was a duke of Opole since 1437 (until 1439 with his brother as co-ruler), Duke of Brzeg from 1450, ruler over Kluczbork from 1451 and Duke of Strzelce, Niemodlin and Olesno from 1460.

He was the fourth son of Duke Bolko IV of Opole by his wife Margareta, possibly member of the House of Gorizia.

County of Gorizia
The County of Gorizia (Italian: Contea di Gorizia, German: Grafschaft Görz, Slovene: Goriška grofija, Friulian: Contee di Gurize), from 1365 Princely County of Gorizia, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire. Originally mediate Vogts of the Patriarchs of Aquileia, the Counts of Gorizia (Meinhardiner) ruled over several fiefs in the area of Lienz and in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy with their residence at Gorizia (Görz).

In 1253 the Counts of Gorizia inherited the County of Tyrol, from 1271 onwards ruled by the Gorizia-Tyrol branch which became extinct in the male line in 1335. The younger line ruled the comital lands of Gorizia and Lienz until its extinction in 1500, whereafter the estates were finally acquired by the Austrian House of Habsburg.
Johan Kleppe
Johan Kleppe (29 September 1928 – 17 May 2022) was a Norwegian veterinarian and politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland in 1969, but was not re-elected in 1973. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1965–1969.

He was the Minister of Defence in 1972–1973 during the cabinet Korvald, having formerly been State Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture from 1968 to 1969 during the cabinet Borten. During his time in cabinet he was replaced in the Norwegian Parliament by Kristian Halse. Kleppe authored one book on defence policy, published in 1973.

On the local level he was member of the municipal council of Bjørnskinn Municipality from 1955 to 1963, and then its successor Andøy Municipality from 1963 to 1978, serving as deputy mayor from 1963 to 1966 and mayor from 1966 to 1969 and 1975 to 1978.

Kleppe died on 17 May 2022, at the age of 93.

Minister of Defence (Norway)
The Norwegian Minister of Defence is the head of the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. The position has existed since 1814. The incumbent minister since 4 February 2025 is Tore O. Sandvik of the Labour Party.

Between 1819 and 1885 the Ministry was split into two different ministries, the Ministry of the Navy and the Army Ministry.