hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yasmine Mohammed
Yasmine Mohammed (Arabic: يَاسَمِين مُحَمَّد, romanized: Yāsamīn Muḥammad) is a Canadian university instructor, human rights activist and author. Mohammed escaped from a forced, abusive marriage to Al-Qaeda operative Essam Marzouk and became an advocate for freethinkers from Muslim communities through her non-profit organization Free Hearts Free Minds. She is a member of the Center for Inquiry Speaker's Bureau and is the co-founder and co-director of the CLARITy Coalition.

Yasmine is the author of Unveiled: How the West Empowers Radical Muslims. Through her nonprofit organization Free Hearts Free Minds, she supports closeted ex-Muslims from Muslim-majority countries and across the globe. She also coordinates an online campaign called No Hijab Day on February 1st to raise awareness against normalizing hijab on World Hijab Day, using the hashtags #FreeFromHijab and #NoHijabDay.

Mohammed has been interviewed by Sam Harris, and was mentioned by Real Time with Bill Maher twice

Motion 103
Motion 103, also known as M-103, was a non-binding motion in the 42nd Canadian Parliament stating that the members of the House of Commons called on the Government of Canada to condemn Islamophobia in Canada. It also called on the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage to carry out a study on how racism and religious discrimination can be reduced and collect data on hate crimes. The motion was introduced by Iqra Khalid, the Liberal MP representing Mississauga—Erin Mills.

The motion passed by a vote of 201–91 on March 23, 2017. The debate surrounding the motion was characterized as "deeply divisive", especially within the Official Opposition Conservative Party of Canada which was in the midst of a leadership election.
El Charrito
El Charrito is a  brand of Tex-Mex frozen foods. The brand formerly produced TV dinners. The word is Spanish for "little cowboy". The brand was introduced in 1980 by the Campbell Taggart company, who owned the El Chico restaurant chain.

Though its entrees included taquitos, queso, and beef enchiladas, it was also known for the uniquely named Saltillo Dinner, a three-compartment dinner consisting of two enchiladas (one each beef and cheese), Spanish rice and refried beans.

In 1995 the parent company became Earthgrains and chose to focus on baked goods, selling the El Charrito brand to Don Miguel Mexican Foods, now a part of MegaMex.

Refried beans
Refried beans (from Spanish: frijoles refritos, lit. 'well-fried beans') is a dish of cooked and mashed beans that is a traditional staple of Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisines, although each cuisine has a different approach when making the dish. Refried beans are also popular in many other Latin American countries. In this dish, after being boiled and then mashed into a paste, the beans are fried or baked (though they are fried only once).

The English "refried beans" is a mistranslation, since the essence of "frijoles refritos" is the reheating and mashing of the beans; the term "refried" is misleading. As described by Rick Bayless, "they're refritos—not fried again, as you might assume, but 'well fried' or 'intensely fried'."
Segers
Segers is a Dutch patronymic surname. The mostly archaic Dutch given names Seger, Segher, Sieger and Zegher derive from Germanic Sigi- and -her, meaning "victorious lord". People with the surname Segers include

Carlos Segers (1900–1967), Argentine astronomer

Geno Segers (born 1978), American actor

Gert-Jan Segers (born 1969), Dutch political scientist and politician

Gunter Segers (born 1968), Belgian children's book author and illustrator

Gustaaf Segers (1848–1930), Belgian writer and scholar

Hans Segers (born 1961), Dutch goalkeeper

Hercules Segers (1589–1638), Dutch painter and printmaker

Jules Segers (born 2002), French para-alpine skier

Jan Segers (born 1929), Belgian composer, conductor and reed player

Noël Segers (born 1959), Belgian racing cyclist

Paul Segers (1870–1946), Belgian government minister

Paul-Willem Segers (1900–1983), Belgian government minister

Willy Segers (born 1958), Belgian politician

Hercules Seghers
Hercules Pieterszoon Seghers or Segers (c. 1589 – c. 1638) was a Dutch painter and printmaker of the Dutch Golden Age. He has been called "the most inspired, experimental and original landscapist" of his period and an even more innovative printmaker.
Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore
Mettupalayam Road, (NH 181) is a major arterial road in city of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. This NH runs for about 10 kilometers starting exactly from Rangai Gownder street up to the northern Thudiyalur within the corporation limits.Beyond that the road continues northwards for a distance of 26 kilometres till Mettupalayam. It is six metres (20 ft) wide in most stretches. The road narrows at the stretches between Edayar street, RG street and Flower Market areas. Green Corridor system is under implementation between Chintamani and Thudiyalur to synchronise traffic signals, as it is one of the most congested stretches in the city. This road connects the city with Saibaba Colony Bus Terminus  and the northern suburbs in the Coimbatore Metropolitan Area.

National Highway 181 (India)
National Highway 181, commonly referred to as NH 181, (Earlier NH-67) is a highway connecting the city of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu to Gundlupete in Karnataka state, South India. The city of Mysuru is connected to Ooty by road via Nanjanagudu, Gundlupete, Bandipur and Gudalur. The national highway 181 passes through Bandipur Tiger Reserve (National Park) and Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, hence vehicular traffic is restricted at night from 9 p.m to 6 a.m. Wild animals like elephants, bison, bears, tiger, and leopards can be spotted sometimes on this highway in the tiger reserve stretches. NH 181 after Ooty goes to Coonoor, Mettupalayam, Karamadai and ends in Coimbatore city.
Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie CBE (/ˈseɪdi/; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980), which was published as the first edition of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Along with Thurston Dart, Nigel Fortune and Oliver Neighbour he was one of Britain's leading musicologists of the post-World War II generation.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
Oxfordhalvøya
Oxfordhalvøya is a peninsula in Wahlenbergfjorden at the southwestern side of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It is located between Bodleybukta and Etonbreen at the head of the fjord. The bay Kløverbladbukta cuts into the peninsula, and its highest point is Carfaxhaugen at 103 m.a.s.l. The river of Oxfordelva flows from the lake of Brånevatnet through Oxfordhalvøya, and debouches into Bodleybukta.

Debouch
In hydrology, a debouch (or debouche) is a place where runoff from a small, confined space discharges into a larger, broader body of water. The word is derived from the French verb déboucher (French: [debuʃe]), which means "to unblock, to clear". The term also has a military usage.
Frostburg State Bobcats
The Frostburg State Bobcats are the athletic teams that represent Frostburg State University, located in Frostburg, Maryland, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Bobcats compete as members of the Mountain East Conference for all sports except men's lacrosse, which is a single-sport member of the East Coast Conference, and field hockey, which is a member of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference.

Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference
The Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level. The conference was originally formed in 1951 as the State Teachers Conference, and was temporarily named the Pennsylvania State Teachers College Conference in 1956 before assuming its current name in 1964.

The conference's 17 full-time members include 16 based in Pennsylvania and one in West Virginia. The conference's headquarters are in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, and staffed by a commissioner, two assistant commissioners, and a director of media relations.
Jarren Duran
Jarren William Duran (born September 5, 1996) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2021. Listed at 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) and 205 pounds (93 kg), he bats left-handed and throws right-handed. He has played for the Mexico national baseball team. Duran was named the MVP of the 2024 MLB All-Star Game.

Mexico national baseball team
The Mexico national baseball team (Spanish: Selección de béisbol de México), it is also known in Spanish by the nickname Novena Mexicana (English: Mexican Nonet), is the baseball team that represents Mexico in international tournaments. It is currently the 4th-ranked baseball team in the world.

Team Mexico will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.
Pete Rose (musician)
Pete Rose (1942-2018) was an American recorder player, composer, and critic. He was the foremost interpreter of contemporary classical music for recorder, and one of the few recorder players to play jazz on the instrument.

As a performer, his repertoire included the music of Daniel Goode, Ryohei Hirose, Luciano Berio, and Benjamin Thorn.
His many published works are enumerated on his web page.

Rose also penned a number of comprehensive articles documenting the use of the recorder in contemporary classical music, and numerous reviews of recorder music for the American Recorder magazine and others.

Pete Rose resided in Bridgewater, New Jersey where he also gave lessons to new and advancing recordists.

Following his death in 2018, American Recorder magazine, in its Winter 2018 issue, printed four pages of eulogies for Pete Rose (pp. 6-9).

Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio OMRI (24 October 1925 – 27 May 2003) was an Italian composer noted for his experimental work (in particular his 1968 composition Sinfonia and Sequenza, a series of solo pieces for instruments using extended techniques), and for his pioneering work in electronic music. His early work was influenced by Igor Stravinsky and experiments with serial and electronic techniques, while his later works explore indeterminacy and the use of spoken texts as the basic material for composition.
Gaius Junius Faustinus Postumianus
Gaius Junius Faustinus Postumianus was a Roman senator who flourished in the third century. He is known from an inscription found near Thugga erected by his son Placidus and daughter Paulina. He held a number of appointments, most importantly as praeses (governor) in Hispania Tarraconensis and Britain. The date of his appointment is unclear, so the province may have been either Britannia Superior or the undivided province of Roman Britain.

Dougga
Dougga or Thugga or TBGG (Arabic: دقة, romanized: Duqqah; Tunisian Arabic: دڨة, romanized: Duggaⓘ) was a Berber, Punic and Roman settlement near present-day Téboursouk in northern Tunisia. The current archaeological site covers 75 hectares (190 acres). UNESCO qualified Dougga as a World Heritage Site in 1997, believing that it represents "the best-preserved Roman small town in North Africa". The site, which lies in the middle of the countryside, has been protected from the encroachment of modern urbanization, in contrast, for example, to Carthage, which has been pillaged and rebuilt on numerous occasions. Dougga's size, its well-preserved monuments and its rich Numidian-Berber, Punic, ancient Roman, and Byzantine history make it exceptional. Amongst the most famous monuments at the site are a Libyco-Punic Mausoleum, the Capitol, the Roman theatre, and the temples of Saturn and of Juno Caelestis.
Summer Stock (musical)
Summer Stock is a musical with a book by Cheri Steinkellner. The show includes many of the songs from the original 1950 film of the same name that starred Judy Garland and Gene Kelly, including Get Happy.

The musical is set in the 1950s in New England, where Jane Falbury runs her family farm. Her sister Gloria returns home with her touring vaudeville troupe, offering to let them use their barn as a theatre to rehearse a new show. Trouble ensues when Jane falls for Joe, the group's stage director. Meanwhile, wealthy socialite Margaret Wingate is trying to purchase the Falbury Farm to use the land for commercial purposes.

Bill and Cheri Steinkellner
Bill Steinkellner and Cheri Steinkellner are an American husband and wife screenwriting duo, known for their work on Cheers, Teacher's Pet, its film adaptation of the same name, and Bob. They wrote the book of the musical Sister Act, for which they received a Tony Award nomination.
Divided & United
Divided & United: The Songs of the Civil War is a compilation album of American Civil War music recorded by various artists. It was released on November 5, 2013 through ATO Records. The album was produced with the help of music supervisor Randall Poster, whose credits include work with Boardwalk Empire and Moonrise Kingdom. The album features contributions from many notable country and bluegrass musicians, including Loretta Lynn, Old Crow Medicine Show, Dolly Parton, T Bone Burnett, Del McCoury, and Karen Elson, among others.

Del McCoury
Delano Floyd McCoury (born February 1, 1939) is an American bluegrass musician. As leader of the Del McCoury Band, he plays guitar and sings lead vocals along with his two sons, Ronnie McCoury and Rob McCoury, who play mandolin and banjo respectively. He became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 2003. In June 2010, he received a National Heritage Fellowship lifetime achievement award from the National Endowment for the Arts and in 2011 he was elected into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame.
Harold Cazneaux
Harold Pierce Cazneaux (30 March 1878 – 19 June 1953), commonly referred to as H. P. Cazneaux, was an Australian photographer; a pioneer whose style had an indelible impact on Australian photographic history. In 1916, he was a founding member of the pictorialist Sydney Camera Circle. As a regular participator in national and international exhibitions, Cazneaux was unfaltering in his desire to contribute to the discussion about the photography of his times. His career between the Wars established him as "the country's leading pictorial photographer".

Art Gallery of New South Wales
The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most important public gallery in Sydney and one of the largest in Australia.

The gallery's first public exhibition opened in 1874. Admission is free to the general exhibition space, which displays Australian art (including Indigenous Australian art), European and Asian art. A dedicated Asian Gallery was opened in 2003.
Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District
38°46′N 78°31′W﻿ / ﻿38.767°N 78.517°W﻿ / 38.767; -78.517

The Shenanandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District is a National Heritage Area in Virginia.  The district comprises eight counties in the Shenandoah Valley, including the scene of Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862, Lee's Gettysburg Campaign of 1863 and Sheridan's Shenandoah Campaign of 1864.

Battlefields within the District area include the sites of the First and Second battles of Kernstown, the First, Second and Third battles of Winchester and the Battle of New Market.

Berkeley and Jefferson counties in West Virginia are seeking to be added to the district.

Valley campaigns of 1864
The Valley campaigns of 1864 began as operations initiated by Union  Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and resulting battles that took place in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia during the American Civil War from May to October 1864. Some military historians divide this period into three separate campaigns. This article considers them together, as the campaigns interacted and built upon one another.
Pungeleria capreolaria
Pungeleria capreolaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in the mountains of southern Europe, as well as on the Balkan Peninsula and the Caucasus.

The wingspan is 30–38 mm (1.2–1.5 in). Adults are on wing from mid June to the beginning of September in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Norway spruce (Picea abies) and silver fir (Abies alba). The species overwinters in the larval stage.

Abies alba
Abies alba, the European silver fir or silver fir, is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and south to Italy, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania and northern Greece.
Deaths in December 2021
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2021.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Ottawa Rough Riders
The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded on September 19, 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest-lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s,  in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s, and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, which own the Rough Riders and Renegades intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014.
Heshana Qaghan
Heshana Qaghan or Heshana Khagan (Chinese: 曷娑那可汗, (Pinyin): hésuōnà kěhàn, (Wade-Giles): ho-so-na k'o-han, Middle Chinese (Guangyun) [ɣɑt.sɑ˥˩nɑ˩ kʰɑ˥ɣɑn˩˥] or 曷薩那可汗/曷萨那可汗, hésànà kěhàn, ho-sa-na k'o-han) at one point known as Chuluo Kehan (處羅可汗/处罗可汗) and Nijue Chuluo Khagan (泥厥處羅可汗/泥厥处罗可汗), personal name Ashina Daman (阿史那達漫/阿史那达漫, āshǐnà dámàn, a-shih-na ta-man), was the second khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate. He was the son of Niri Qaghan. He appeared as Čôl χâɣân in The Provincial Capitals of Iran.

Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr
Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr (lit. 'The Provincial Capitals of Iran') is a surviving Middle Persian text on geography, which was completed in the late eighth or early ninth centuries AD. The text gives a numbered list of the cities of Eranshahr and their history and importance for Persian history. The text itself has indication that it was also redacted at the time of Khosrow II (r. 590–628) in 7th century as it mentions several places in Africa and Persian Gulf conquered by the Sasanians.

The book serves as a source for works on Middle Iranian languages, a source on Sasanian administrative geography and history, as well as a source of historical records concerning names of the Sasanian kings as the builder of the various cities. The text provide information on the Persian epic, the Xwadāy-nāmag (lit. “Book of Kings”).

The book may be the same as "Ayādgār ī Šahrīhā" (lit. “Memoir of Cities") named in the Bundahishn and said to have been written following an order of Kavad I.
Rectoanal inhibitory reflex
The rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), also known as the anal sampling mechanism, anal sampling reflex, rectosphincteric reflex, or anorectal sampling reflex, is a reflex characterized by a transient involuntary relaxation of the internal anal sphincter in response to distention of the rectum. The RAIR provides the upper anal canal with the ability to discriminate between flatus and fecal material.

The ability of the rectum to discriminate between gaseous, liquid and solid contents is essential to the ability to voluntarily control defecation. The RAIR allows for voluntary flatulation to occur without also eliminating solid waste, irrespective of the presence of fecal material in the anal canal.

Anal canal
The anal canal is the part that connects the rectum to the anus, located below the level of the pelvic diaphragm. It is located within the anal triangle of the perineum, between the right and left ischioanal fossae. As the final functional segment of the bowel, it functions to regulate release of feces by two muscular anal sphincter complexes. The anus is the aperture at the terminal portion of the anal canal.
Samsung Galaxy Note 9
The Samsung Galaxy Note 9 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Note9) is an Android phablet smartphone developed, produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics as part of the Samsung Galaxy Note series. It was unveiled on 9 August 2018 at a Galaxy Unpacked event, as the successor to the Galaxy Note 8. It is available in six colors (Ocean Blue, Midnight Black, Lavender Purple, Metallic Copper, Cloud Silver, and Alpine White). It was succeeded by the Galaxy Note 10 on 8 August 2019.

Furthermore, it is the last Galaxy Note series phone to include a 3.5 mm headphone jack (except the Note 10 Lite).

One UI
One UI is a user interface (UI) developed by Samsung Electronics for its mobile, computing devices and TVs, including Android devices running Android 9 "Pie" and later.

The successor to Samsung Experience, Samsung designed One UI to make using larger smartphones easier and be more visually appealing. It was announced and unveiled at Samsung Developer Conference in 2018, and was updated in Galaxy Unpacked in February 2019 alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy Buds and the Galaxy Fold, since then receiving yearly upgrades.

The latest stable version, One UI 8, was released on July 25, 2025 with the launch of the Galaxy Z Fold 7, Z Flip 7 and Z Flip 7 FE after starting beta testing in May, with other phones receiving the update starting on September 15, 2025 with the Galaxy S25 series in South Korea.