hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Santa Maria della Purità, Catania
37°30′23″N 15°04′59″E﻿ / ﻿37.50649°N 15.08314°E﻿ / 37.50649; 15.08314
The deconsecrated Chiesa della Purità is a former Roman Catholic church, with a large adjacent conservatory or orphanage; both structures are located on via Santa Maddalena #39 in Catania, region of Sicily, southern Italy. It is located on the hill of Montervergine, where via Santa Maddalena encounters via Giuseppe Auletta, a block south of the church of Sant'Agata la Vetere. The former conservatory extends the full block west along Via Plebiscito. The former church now functions as the auditorium for the faculty of jurisprudence of the University of Catania. The former conservatory is encompassed by public schools: including Istituto Comprensivo.

University of Catania
The University of Catania (Italian: Università degli Studi di Catania) is a university located in Catania, Sicily. Founded in 1434, it is the oldest university in Sicily, the 13th oldest in Italy, and the 29th oldest in the world. With over 40,000 enrolled students, it is the largest university in Sicily.
1992 Alabama Democratic presidential primary
A presidential primary was held in the U.S. state of Alabama on June 2, 1992, to elect delegates representing Alabama to the 1992 Democratic National Convention. Alabama was allotted sixty-seven delegates, thirty-six of which would be divided among the state's seven congressional districts, with twelve being divided among the candidates in proportion to their share of the statewide vote. The remaining delegates went to party leaders and elected officials, or "superdelegates."

Governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton won the state by a substantial margin, taking a large majority of both the congressional district delegates and the at-large delegates, picking up thirty-eight in total. Uncommitted delegates won ten seats at the convention. Alabama was part of a six-state sweep by Clinton that enabled him to clinch the Democratic nomination on June 6. Alabama's entire 67-member delegation cast votes for Clinton at the Convention roll call.

Uncommitted (voting option)
"Uncommitted" is a voting option in some United States presidential primaries. This option is listed along with the names of individuals running for the position and is often described as "none of the above". Depending on state and party thresholds, voting uncommitted may allow states to send uncommitted delegates to a party's nominating convention.
Hans-Martin Sass
Hans-Martin Sass (4 December 1935 – February 6, 2023) was a bioethicist.
He was a Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany, and a Senior Research Scholar Emeritus at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University, Washington DC.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
Air Force Office of Special Investigations
The Air Force Office of Special Investigations (OSI or AFOSI) is a U.S. federal law enforcement agency that reports directly to the Secretary of the Air Force. OSI is also a U.S. Air Force field operating agency under the administrative guidance and oversight of the Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force. By federal statute, OSI provides independent criminal investigative, counterintelligence and protective service operations worldwide and outside of the traditional military chain of command. Proactively, OSI identifies, investigates, and neutralizes serious criminal, terrorist, and espionage threats to personnel and resources of the Air Force, Space Force, and the U.S. Department of Defense, with a goal of protecting the national security of the United States.

Security detail
A security detail, often known as a PSD (protective services detail, personal security detachment, personal security detail) or PPD (personal protection detail), is a protective team assigned to protect the personal security of an individual or group. PSDs can consist of multiple federal and state government organisations, military personnel, law enforcement agents and/or private security contractors or private military contractors.
Jerilderie Shire
Jerilderie Shire was a local government area in the Murray region of southern New South Wales, Australia.  The Shire was located adjacent to the Newell Highway. The Shire was declared in 1918 after the amalgamation of the former Municipality of Jerilderie (1889 – 1918) and Wunnamurra Shire (1906 – 1918). It was dissolved in 2016 after its amalgamation with Murrumbidgee Shire to create Murrumbidgee Council.

At the time of dissolution, Jerilderie Shire was the second smallest local government area in New South Wales, in terms of population.

The final mayor of Jerilderie Shire was Cr. Ruth McRae, an unaligned politician. The seat of the council was located in Jerilderie, the only significant town in the Shire.

Murray (New South Wales)
The Murray is an agricultural region that is situated in southwest New South Wales, Australia. The region runs along the Murray River which marks the Victoria border. The Murray stretches from the Snowy Mountains in the east to the South Australia border in the west. The regions biggest city is Albury.
Alina Gorghiu
Alina-Ștefania Gorghiu (Romanian pronunciation: [aˈlina ʃtefaˈni.a ɡorˈɡi.u]; born 16 September 1978) is a Romanian lawyer and politician who served as president of the National Liberal Party (PNL) from December 2014 until December 2016. She was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest from December 2008 to December 2016. Since the latter date, she has represented Timiș County in the Romanian Senate.

Senate of Romania
The Senate (Romanian: Senat) is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania. It has 136 seats (before the 2016 parliamentary election the total number of elected representatives was 176), to which members are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation in 43 electoral districts (the 41 counties, the city of Bucharest plus 1 constituency for the Romanians living abroad), to serve four-year terms.
13th Gemini Awards
The Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's 13th Gemini Awards were held on October 4, 1998, to honour achievements in Canadian television. (This year's awards were split into two segments; the first 1998 ceremony was held on March 1 and was named the 12th Gemini Awards). The awards show, which was hosted by Ronnie Edwards and Kenny Robinson, took place at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre and was broadcast on CBC Television.

Rhombus Media
Rhombus Media is a film and television production company formed in 1978 at the York University Film Department by Barbara Willis Sweete and Niv Fichman, and based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Larry Weinstein joined soon after. Rhombus Media developed a reputation for producing high-quality, lush art films focusing on music, theatre, and dance. The company has received many national and international awards for their work, including several Emmys: one for Le Dortoir in 1990, one for Canadian Brass: Home Movies in 1992, and one win in 1993 for an episode of the Channel 4 Series Concerto, featuring Aaron Copland. They have also won numerous Genie Awards, including Best Motion Picture in 1993 for Thirty Two Short Films About Glenn Gould and for The Red Violin in 1999. The Red Violin also garnered an Oscar for best original score by John Corigliano in 2000. Rhombus also produced the award-winning television series Slings & Arrows and Sensitive Skin.
Dar City BC
Dar City Basketball Club, simply known as Dar City, is a Tanzanian basketball team based in Dar es Salaam. They play in the National Basketball League (NBL), and won their first championship in 2024. They will play in the Basketball Africa League (BAL) in the 2026 season.

Basketball Africa League
The Basketball Africa League (BAL) is the premier men's basketball league in Africa. Founded in 2019, the league was established and is co-organized by NBA Africa and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA).

Each season typically runs from March to June, and in the current format of the league consists of twelve teams. Each of the teams qualify through their performance in their domestic competition. Seven teams qualify directly, while five others have to play in the Road to BAL. The group stage is divided into three conferences, which are followed by playoffs to determine the champions. The BAL champions of each season automatically qualify for the FIBA Intercontinental Cup.

The first season was held in 2021 and thus far, five different champions have won the competition.
Coffee Creek (Missouri)
Coffee Creek is a stream in Morgan County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Little Gravois Creek and the Gravois arm of the Lake of the Ozarks.

Coffee Creek was named due to its dark waters resembling the color of coffee.

Lake of the Ozarks
Lake of the Ozarks is a reservoir created by impounding the Osage River in the northern part of the Ozarks in central Missouri. Parts of three smaller tributaries to the Osage are included in the impoundment: the Niangua River, Grandglaize Creek, and Gravois Creek. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres (220 km2) and 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline. The main channel of the Osage Arm stretches 92 miles (148 km) from one end to the other.  The total drainage area is over 14,000 square miles (36,000 km2).  The lake's serpentine shape has earned it the nickname "the Missouri Dragon", which has, in turn, inspired the names of local institutions such as the Magic Dragon Street Meet.
Canton of Novion-Porcien
49°35′57″N 4°25′28″E﻿ / ﻿49.599167°N 4.424444°E﻿ / 49.599167; 4.424444

The canton of Novion-Porcien (French: Canton de Novion-Porcien) is a former French canton located in the department of Ardennes in the Champagne-Ardenne region (now part of Grand Est). This canton was organized around Novion-Porcien in the arrondissement of Rethel.

The last general councillor from this canton was Jean-François Leclet (UDI), elected in 1992.

Ardennes (department)
Ardennes (French: [aʁdɛn] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the broader Ardennes. Its prefecture is the town Charleville-Mézières. The department has 270,582 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ardennais or Ardennaises.
Jackie Carmichael
Jackie Ray Carmichael Jr. (born January 2, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Igokea of the Adriatic League (ABA) and the Bosnian League. He was a standout college player at Illinois State University before playing professionally in Spain, Israel, Turkey, Russia, Lebanon, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Slovenia.

Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top–tier men's professional basketball league in Bosnia and Herzegovina for men and women, respectively. The league is operated by the Basketball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Gao Yao (minister)
Gao Yao (traditional Chinese: 臯陶; simplified Chinese: 皋陶; pinyin: Gāo Yáo; Wade–Giles: Kao Yao), also known as jiu tao(咎陶), Gao Yao(皋繇) or Jiu Yao(咎繇), was the Minister for Law of Emperor Shun in prehistorical China according to tradition. Gao Yao became a political senior advisor of Yu the Great. His father was Shaohao. He was considered the ancestor of the imperial house of Li of the Tang dynasty, which honoured him with the posthumous name Emperor Deming (德明皇帝).

He is cited admonishing his king: "Heaven can see and hear, and does so through the eyes and ears of the people; Heaven rewards the virtuous and punishes the wicked, and does it through the people."

Some Chinese scholars have argued he is the same person as Ye the Great, said by Sima Qian to have been the father of Fei the Great who was later known as Boyi. Ye was reckoned as one of the ancestors of the House of Ying in the Qin and of the ruling house of Zhao. Gao Yao is sometimes considered the father of Boyi.

Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".
Wang Yi (water polo)
Wang Yi (Chinese: 王毅; pinyin: Wáng Yì; born July 29, 1987, in Shandong) is a Chinese water polo player who was part of the silver medal-winning team at the 2007 World Junior Championship. She also competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. She was the top sprinter at the 2008 Olympics, with 18 sprints won.

Water polo at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's water polo tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held from 11 August to 21 August at the Ying Tung Natatorium.

Teams from eight nations competed, seeded into two groups for the preliminary round. 20 games were played, 12 of them in the preliminary round (each team played the other teams in the group). Eight games were played in the final round.
Robert H. Liebeck
Robert Hauschild Liebeck (February 1, 1938 – January 12, 2026) was an American aerodynamicist, professor and aerospace engineer. Until retiring from his position as senior fellow at the Boeing Company in 2020, he oversaw their Blended Wing Body ("BWB") program. He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering since 1992, where he was an AIAA Honorary Fellow, the organization’s highest distinction. He is best known for his contributions to aircraft design and his pioneering airfoil designs known as the "Liebeck Airfoil". After retirement he remained active in the aviation industry, most recently at the BWB startup JetZero where he served as a technical advisor, and continued to teach aerospace courses at University of California, Irvine.

Aircraft design process
The aircraft design process is a loosely defined method used to balance many competing and demanding requirements to produce an aircraft that is strong, lightweight, economical and can carry an adequate payload while being sufficiently reliable to safely fly for the design life of the aircraft. Similar to, but more exacting than, the usual engineering design process, the technique is highly iterative, involving high-level configuration tradeoffs, a mixture of analysis and testing and the detailed examination of the adequacy of every part of the structure. For some types of aircraft, the design process is regulated by civil airworthiness authorities.

This article deals with powered aircraft such as airplanes and helicopter designs.
Meeniyan railway station
Meeniyan was a railway station on the South Gippsland railway line in South Gippsland, Victoria. The station was opened during the 1890s and operated until 1992 when the line to Barry Beach servicing the oil fields in Bass Strait was closed. The line was dismantled and turned into the Great Southern Rail Trail.

The station grounds still retain a Pivot Shed, Goods platform, and the platform mound in reasonable condition, along with a mile marker 88 and a buffer stop in good condition.

38°34′38″S 146°00′47″E﻿ / ﻿38.57722°S 146.01306°E﻿ / -38.57722; 146.01306

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
John Gadret
John Gadret (born 22 April 1979) is a French former professional racing cyclist in cyclo-cross and road racing, currently racing for the USO Bruay-la-Buissière amateur team. He became a stagiaire for Cofidis in 2003 before turning professional with the Vlaanderen–T Interim team in 2004.

Cofidis (cycling team)
Cofidis  (UCI team code: COF) is a French professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by a money-lending company, Cofidis.  It was started in 1996 by Cyrille Guimard, the former manager of Bernard Hinault, Greg LeMond and Laurent Fignon of the Renault–Elf–Gitane team of the 1980s. The team's sponsor has supported the team despite repeated problems such as doping scandals. After it was part of the UCI ProTour for the ProTour's first five seasons, from 2010 the team competed as a UCI Professional Continental team. The team joined the UCI World Tour for the 2020 season.
Phenoptosis
Phenoptosis (from pheno: showing or demonstrating; ptosis: programmed death, "falling off") is a conception of the self-programmed death of an organism proposed by Vladimir Skulachev in 1999.

In many species, including salmon and marsupial mice, under certain circumstances, especially following reproduction, an organism's genes will cause the organism to rapidly degenerate and die off. Recently this has been referred to as "fast phenoptosis" as aging is being explored as "slow phenoptosis".  Phenoptosis is a common feature of living species, whose ramifications for humans is still being explored. The concept of programmed cell death was used before, by Lockshin & Williams in 1964 in relation to insect tissue development, around eight years before "apoptosis" was coined. The term 'phenoptosis' is a neologism associated with Skulachev's proposal.

Vladimir Skulachev
Vladimir Petrovich Skulachev ([skulɑ'tʃɔf]; usually ['skuːlɑtʃef] in English; Russian: Владимир Петрович Скулачёв; 21 February 1935 – 5 February 2023) was a Russian biochemist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1990), Doctor of Biological Sciences, Distinguished Professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, where he also was Dean of the Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics and Director of the A.N. Belozersky Institute Of Physico-Chemical Biology. Member of Academia Europaea. President of the Biochemical Society (Russia).

Skulachev graduated from the MSU Faculty of Biology in 1957.

He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1974 and full member in 1990.

He was Editor-in-Chief of the Биохимия (Biochemistry), journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was also a member of the Editorial Board for Journal Bioenergetics and Biomembranes.
Cepheid (company)
Cepheid is an American molecular diagnostics company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of Danaher Corporation. Its systems automate traditional nucleic acid tests (tests for specific sequences of DNA or RNA). The tests can be used to identify and analyze pathogens and genetic disorders. Cepheid sells clinical tests for healthcare-associated infections, infectious diseases, sexual health, oncology and genetics.

The cartridges used in Cepheid's testing machines are single-use and must be bought from the manufacturer. The company has been accused of profiteering, particularly in developing countries, by pricing the cartridges at many times the cost of production, and engaging in price discrimination.

Molecular diagnostics
Molecular diagnostics is a collection of techniques used to analyze biological markers in the genome and proteome, and how their cells express their genes as proteins, applying molecular biology to medical testing. In medicine the technique is used to diagnose and monitor disease, detect risk, and decide which therapies will work best for individual patients,: foreword  and in agricultural biosecurity similarly to monitor crop- and livestock disease, estimate risk, and decide what quarantine measures must be taken.

By analysing the specifics of the patient and their disease, molecular diagnostics offers the prospect of personalised medicine.
These tests are useful in a range of medical specialties, including infectious disease, oncology, human leucocyte antigen typing (which investigates and predicts immune function), coagulation, and pharmacogenomics—the genetic prediction of which drugs will work best.: v-vii  They overlap with clinical chemistry (medical tests on bodily fluids).
Stronger Than Desire
Stronger Than Desire is a 1939 American drama film directed by Leslie Fenton and starring Virginia Bruce, Walter Pidgeon and Ann Dvorak. It is a remake of 1934 film Evelyn Prentice, itself based on the 1933 novel 	Evelyn Prentice by W. E. Woodward. The film's sets were designed by the art director Edwin B. Willis, overseen by Cedric Gibbons.

Cedric Gibbons
Austin Cedric Gibbons (March 23, 1890 – July 26, 1960) was an American art director for the film industry. He also made a significant contribution to motion picture theater architecture from the 1930s to 1950s. Gibbons designed the Oscar statuette in 1928, but tasked the sculpting to George Stanley, a Los Angeles artist. He was nominated 39 times for the Academy Award for Best Production Design and won the Oscar 11 times, both of which are records.
Comarcas of Spain
In Spain, a  comarca (Spanish: [koˈmaɾka] ⓘ) 
is a traditional informal territorial division, comprising several municipalities sharing geographical, economic or cultural traits, typically with not well defined limits. Modernly, they have been formally defined for all the autonomous communities of Spain, as territorial entities intermediate between the municipality and the province, although their status ranges from official and with administrative functions (providing common local government services) in some communities, to unofficial and based on mere preliminary studies in other communities.

In English, a comarca is equivalent to an area, county, district, or zone.

Alto Tormes
Alto Tormes is a comarca of Ávila and a is a subcomarca of Guijuelo in the province of Salamanca and Ávila, Castile and León.

The portion in Salamanca contains the following municipalities: Cespedosa de Tormes, Gallegos de Solmirón, Navamorales, Puente del Congosto, El Tejado, Guijo de Ávila and La Tala.

The portion in Ávila contains the following municipalities: Bohoyo, Aldeanueva de Santa Cruz, Avellaneda, La Aldehuela, La Horcajada, El Losar, Junciana, Tormellas, Becedas, Navalonguilla, Los Llanos de Tormes, Gilbuena, Gilgarcía, El Barco de Ávila, Navatejares, Umbrias, Solana de Ávila, San Bartolome de Bejar, Neila de San Miguel, Medinilla, San Lorenzo de Tormes, Santa María de los Caballeros, Santiago de Tormes, La Carrera and Puerto Castilla.