hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John de Villiers (cricketer, born 1930)
John Olivier de Villiers (28 February 1930 – 3 July 1969) was a South African first-class cricketer.

de Villiers was born at Cape Town in February 1930. He later studied in England at University College at the University of Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University, making his debut against Nottinghamshire at Oxford in 1951. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1952, making eight appearances. He scored a total of 237 runs in these eight matches, at an average of 21.54 and a high score of 81.

de Villers returned to South Africa after completing his studies, where he played for Orange Free State in the 1953/54 season, making three first-class appearances against the touring New Zealanders, Border and Transvaal. He scored 110 runs in these matches, with a high score of 24. de Villiers died at Tarkastad in July 1969.

University College, Oxford
University College, formally The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University commonly called University College in the University of Oxford and colloquially referred to as "Univ", is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded by William of Durham in 1249.

As of 2024, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £156.679 million, and their total net assets amounted to £255.431 million.

The college is associated with a number of influential people, including Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Festus Mogae, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, R.F. Kuang, William Beveridge, Bob Hawke, Robert Cecil, Tom Hooper, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Christian Cole, the first Black student to graduate from the university.
Kauyumari
Kauyumari is an orchestral composition written in 2021 by the Mexican composer Gabriela Ortiz. The work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, which first performed the piece under the conductor Gustavo Dudamel at the Walt Disney Concert Hall on October 9, 2021.

Gustavo Dudamel
Gustavo Adolfo Dudamel Ramírez (born 26 January 1981) is a Venezuelan conductor. He is the music director of the Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He is scheduled to become the Music and Artistic Director of the New York Philharmonic in 2026.
2017 US Open – Men's doubles
Jamie Murray and Bruno Soares were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jean-Julien Rojer and Horia Tecău.

Rojer and Tecău went on to win the title, defeating Feliciano López and Marc López in the final, 6–4, 6–3.

Marc López
Marc López Tarrés (Catalan: [ˈmaɾɡ ˈlɔpəθ təˈres], Spanish: [ˈmaɾɣ ˈlopeθ taˈres]; born 31 July 1982) is a Spanish tennis coach and a former professional player. His career-high ATP ranking was world No. 3 in doubles, achieved in January 2013 and No. 106 in singles, achieved in May 2004.

Partnering with Feliciano López, Marc López won a major title at the 2016 French Open as well as the 2012 ATP Finals with Marcel Granollers. Additionally, at the 2016 Rio Olympics, López won the gold medal in men's doubles for Spain partnering with Rafael Nadal.

Previously, he was Rafael Nadal and Jasmine Paolini coach.
Bob Boucher (cyclist)
Robert Boucher (born 12 June 1943) is a Canadian former cyclist and speed skater.

In December 1962, he went to Europe as part of the national team composing of eight Canadian speed skaters, for a six-week training project in Sweden. At that time he lived in Winnipeg. He competed in the cycling sprint event at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 500m speed skating event at the 1968 Winter Olympics.

Boucher was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame in 1994 for speed skating.

Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's sprint was a cycling event held at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico, from 18 to 19 October 1968. There were 47 participants from 28 nations. Each nation was limited to two cyclists. The event was won by Daniel Morelon of France, his second consecutive medal and first gold; it was also France's world-leading sixth victory in the men's sprint. This year, his countryman Pierre Trentin, who had lost the bronze medal match to Morelon four years earlier, won it against Omar Pkhakadze of the Soviet Union. Among the French cyclists was silver medalist Giordano Turrini of Italy, extending that nation's streak of top-two results in the event to six Games.
Church of La Milagrosa, Pamplona
The Church of La Milagrosa is a building located in the Segundo Ensanche development area of Pamplona, built in 1928 and inaugurated in 1930, designed by the architect Víctor Eusa Razquin. It is part of the convent made for the Congregation of the Mission, which members are known as Paules locally, and therefore the church is also known with the names Padres Paúles or Misioneros Paúles.

It is a work from the most expressionist period in Eusa, characterized by the combination of white concrete and red brick, a style that has been defined as déco-expressionism or geometric expressionism.

The feature that stands out in the church is the large geometric tower that narrows as it ascends on the main façade. A sculpture of Christ is above the tower. The use of sculpture in the architecture of Víctor Eusa is common, but, as in this case, they are not human figures with human postures, rather figures of static men or women, geometric like the building itself.

Expressionist architecture
Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts that especially developed and dominated in Germany. Brick Expressionism is a special variant of this movement in western and northern Germany, as well as in the Netherlands (where it is known as the Amsterdam School).
Lexile
The Lexile Framework for Reading is an educational tool in the United States that uses a measure called a Lexile to match readers with reading resources such as books and articles. Readers and texts are assigned a Lexile score, where lower scores reflect easier readability for texts and lower reading ability for readers. Lexile scores are assigned based on individual words and sentence length, rather than qualitative analysis of the content. Thus, Lexile scores do not reflect multiple levels of textual meaning or the maturity of the content. The United States Common Core State Standards recommend the use of alternative, qualitative methods to select books for grade 6 and above. In the U.S., Lexile measures are reported annually from reading programs and assessments. According to LightSail Education, about half of U.S. students in grades 3-12 receive a Lexile measure each year. The Georgia Department of Education provides resources for using Lexile measures.

Common Core
The Common Core State Standards Initiative, also known as simply Common Core, is an American, multi-state educational initiative which began in 2010 with the goal of increasing consistency across state standards, or what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade. The initiative was sponsored by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers.

The initiative also sought to provide states and schools with articulated expectations around the skills students graduating from high school needed in order to be prepared to enter credit-bearing courses at two- or four-year college programs or to enter the workforce.
France women's national 3x3 team
The France women's national 3x3 team is the national 3x3 basketball team of France, administered by the Fédération Française de Basketball. It represents the country in international 3x3 (3 against 3) women's basketball competitions.

In April 2021, France was ranked as No.1 in the world. They won 6 of 9 Women's Series 2019 and boasted the top three ranked players in the world in Laetitia Guapo, Migna Touré and Ana Maria Filip.

French Federation of Basketball
The French Basketball Federation (French: Fédération française de basket-ball, FFBB) is the governing body of basketball in France.
It was founded in 1932 and has been a member of FIBA since 1933.

The Federation operates the France national teams and organises the Coupe de France (French Cup) and the amateurs national championships; for the professional championship, the Ligue Nationale de Basketball (LNB) (men) and the LFB (women) have a delegation from the FFBB. It publishes BasketBall Magazine (formerly known as Basket-Ball).
Brandon Peel
Brandon Peel (born November 1, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for Ovarense Basquetebol of the Liga Portuguesa de Basquetebol (LPB). Peel played college basketball for the Central Connecticut Blue Devils. He entered the 2016 NBA draft but he was not selected in the draft's two rounds.

Ovarense Basquetebol
Ovarense Basquetebol is a professional basketball team that plays in Ovar, Portugal. The team plays in the LPB. The Ovarense created its section of basketball in 1970, with the initiative of a member entrepreneur, João Gonçalves, but in this period of time managed to assert itself as one of the standards and the inevitable reference method in Portugal.
Arthur Müller
Arthur Müller (born Aron Cohn:  23 October 1871 – 19 January 1935) was a German entrepreneur and inventor.   He became known as the founder and director of the "Deutsche Flugplatz Gesellschaft" ("German Airfield Company"), which instigated, built and then operated the "Motorflugplatz Johannisthal-Adlershof", Germany's first (and by a few weeks Europe's second) commercial airfield.

BMW 3/15
The BMW 3/15 was BMW's first car, produced in its first version as a "Dixi" between 1927 and 1929 and then, following BMW's acquisition of the Automobilwerk Eisenach business in October 1928, in three subsequent versions as BMWs from July 1929 till March 1932, when BMW gave up the licence under which the Austin designed cars were produced.

9,307 Dixi 3/15s were manufactured between 1927 and 1929, which was almost as many cars as all the earlier Dixi models together.

18,976 BMW 3/15s were manufactured between 1929 and 1932.
Milecastle 29
Milecastle 29 (Tower Tye) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall.  Its remains exist as a mutilated earth platform accentuated by deep robber-trenches around all sides, and are located beside the B6318 Military Road.  Like Milecastles 9, 23, 25, and 51, a ditch has been identified around the Milecastle, and is still visible to a small extent.  It has been postulated that this was as a result of the need for drainage on the site.

Military Road (Northumberland)
The Military Road is part of the B6318 road in Northumberland, England, which runs from Heddon-on-the-Wall in the east to Greenhead in the west.

For much of its length, the Military Road is straight and resembles a Roman road. However, the term "military road" comes from the impetus to build a road suitable for the movement of military equipment and vehicles between Newcastle and Carlisle. This was largely in response to the poor conditions encountered on the road by Hanoverian forces under Field Marshal Wade in 1746 when trying to suppress the Jacobites fighting for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the North. The struggle of the troops under Field Marshal Wade, and his association with other 'Military Roads' in Scotland, is likely to be the source of the claim that he was also responsible for this route.

The road runs alongside Hadrian's Wall for much of its length, and long stretches of it are built on the foundations of the wall.
Japan Masters (badminton)
The Japan Masters is an annual badminton tournament held in Japan. BWF categorised Japan Masters as one of the nine BWF World Tour Super 500 events in the BWF events. On 18 April 2022, the city of Kumamoto was confirmed to be the host of this tournament for the 2023–2026 BWF World Tour cycle.

BWF World Tour
The BWF World Tour is a Grade 2 badminton tournament series, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It is a competition open to the top world ranked players in singles (men's and women's) and doubles (men's, women's and mixed). The competition was announced on 19 March 2017 and came into effect starting from 2018, replacing the BWF Super Series, which was held from 2007 to 2017.

The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, and Super 300 in order (part of the HSBC World Tour). One other category of tournament, the BWF Tour Super 100 level, also offers ranking points.
Kim Il-jin
Kim Il-jin (Korean: 김일진, born 1956) is a North Korean conductor.

He was born in Manpo, a city of Jagang Province, but he grew up mainly in Wonsan. He studied cello in Pyongyang University of Music and Dance.

After graduating in 1977, Kim joined the Mansudae Art Troupe as a cellist but he turned to conducting shortly after. He went to Russia and studied conducting at the Moscow Conservatory.

In 1985, Kim participated in the Herbert von Karajan International Conductors Competition in West Berlin and took second prize. He is the only North Korean to have won this competition.

After returning to North Korea, Kim rejoined the Mansudae Art Troupe as a conductor. He also rehearsed the Troupe's famous Merited Female Instrumental Ensemble and founded the Isang Yun Orchestra in North Korea.

Kim received a title of Merited Artist in 1988.

Kim is currently married to Merited Actress Kim Yong-suk.

Moscow Conservatory
The Moscow Conservatory, also officially Tchaikovsky Moscow State Conservatory (Russian: Московская государственная консерватория им. П. И. Чайковского, romanized: Moskovskaya gosudarstvennaya konservatoriya im. P. I. Chaykovskogo) is a higher musical educational institution located in Moscow, Russia. It grants undergraduate and graduate degrees in musical performance and musical research. The conservatory offers various degrees including Bachelor of Music Performance, Master of Music and PhD in research.
Phanagoria
Phanagoria (Ancient Greek: Φαναγόρεια, romanized: Phanagóreia; Russian: Фанагория, romanized: Fanagoriya) was the largest ancient Greek city on the Taman peninsula, spread over two plateaus along the eastern shore of the Cimmerian Bosporus.

The city was a large emporium for all the traffic between the coast of the Maeotian marshes and the countries on the southern side of the Caucasus. It was the eastern capital of the Bosporan Kingdom, with Panticapaeum being the western capital. Strabo described it as a noteworthy city which was renowned for its trade. It was briefly a Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese while a medieval Genoese colony under the name Matrega, it remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

Today the site is located at a short distance to the west of Sennoy in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Another ancient Greek city, Hermonassa, lies 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the west, on the shoreline of modern Taman.

Emporium (antiquity)
An emporium refers to a trading post, factory, or market of classical antiquity, derived from ἐμπόριον empórion, which becomes emporium in Latin. The plural is emporia in both languages, although in Greek the plural undergoes a semantic shift towards 'merchandise'. Emporium is a term that has also been used to describe the centres of heightened trade during the Early Middle Ages.

Emporia varied greatly in their level of activity. Some seem to have functioned much like the permanent European trading colonies in China, India and Japan in the early modern period or those of the mediaeval Italian maritime republics in the Levant. Others were probably annual events for a few days or weeks like the medieval Champagne fairs or modern trade fairs.
Dhamara Ghat train accident
The Dhamara Ghat train accident occurred on 19 August 2013 when the Saharsa Patna Rajya Rani Express train struck a large group of people at the Dhamara Ghat railway station in the Indian state of Bihar. At least 28 people were killed and 24 injured. The victims were mostly Hindu pilgrims returning from prayers at the nearby Katyayani temple. The accident triggered a protest by passengers who beat the driver unconscious, attacked staff and torched two coaches of the train. The chief minister of Bihar State, Nitish Kumar, called it "the rarest of rare tragedies". He pledged 200,000 rupees, or around $3,180, for the family of each victim, and urged the railway ministry to do the same.

Katyayani
Katyayani (Sanskrit: कात्यायनी, romanized: Kātyāyanī, lit. 'she who is of Katya') is a form of the Hindu goddess Mahadevi, venerated as the slayer of the tyrannical asura Mahisha. She is the sixth of the Navadurga, and is worshipped on the sixth day of Navaratri.

In Shaktism, she is associated with the fierce forms of Shakti or Durga, a warrior goddess, which also includes Bhadrakali and Chandika.
Tobias acid
Tobias acid (2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid) is an organic compound with the formula C10H6(SO3H)(NH2). It is named after the German chemist Georg Tobias. It is one of several aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids, which are derivatives of naphthalene containing both amine and sulfonic acid functional groups. It is a white solid, although commercial samples can appear otherwise. It is used in the synthesis of azo dyes such as C.I. Acid Yellow 19 and C.I. Pigment Red 49.  It is prepared via the Bucherer reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with ammonia and ammonium sulfite.

Bucherer reaction
The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of a naphthol to a naphthylamine in the presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite.  The reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dye precursors aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids.

C10H7-2-OH  +  NH3 ⇌   C10H7-2-NH2  +  H2O

The French chemist Robert Lepetit was the first to discover the reaction in 1898.  The German chemist Hans Theodor Bucherer (1869–1949) discovered (independent from Lepetit) its reversibility and its potential especially in industrial chemistry. Bucherer published his results in 1904 and his name is connected to this reaction. The organic reaction also goes by the name Bucherer-Lepetit reaction or (incorrectly) the Bucherer-Le Petit reaction.

The reaction is used to convert 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene into 7-amino-1-naphthol and 1-aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid into 1-hydroxynaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid. It is also useful for transamination reactions of 2-aminonaphthalenes.
Re MC Bacon Ltd (No 1)
Re MC Bacon Ltd [1990] BCLC 324 is a leading UK insolvency law case, concerning transactions at an undervalue (Insolvency Act 1986, s 238) and voidable preferences (Insolvency Act 1986, s 239).

The court held that where a person granting security to a bank under commercial pressure from the bank, there was no "intention to prefer" the bank under the meaning in the Act.  The granting of the security was a response to the commercial pressure, and not an intention to prefer one creditor above others.

Although the decision is only a first instance decision in the United Kingdom, it has been followed in a number of other jurisdictions in relation to the proper determination of intention to prefer.

Wrongful trading
Wrongful trading is a type of civil wrong found in UK insolvency law, under Section 214 Insolvency Act 1986. It was introduced to enable contributions to be obtained for the benefit of creditors from those responsible for mismanagement of the insolvent company.  Under Australian insolvency law the equivalent concept is called "insolvent trading".
Okrosopeli
Okrosopeli (Georgian: ოქროსოფელი) is a village in Georgia, located in the Kareli Municipality of Shida Kartli, within the Akhalsopeli community. It lies on the northern slope of the Trialeti Range, at an elevation of 840 metres above sea level, and is situated 16 kilometres from Kareli.

Kareli Municipality
Kareli (Georgian: ქარელის მუნიციპალიტეტი, romanized: karelis munitsip'alit'et'i) is a district of Georgia, in the region of  Shida Kartli. Some northern territories of the district are part of the self-proclaimed republic of South Ossetia and have not been under control of the Georgian government since 1992. Located in the central part of Georgia on the Shida Kartli plain. The municipality is bordered on the east by Gori, on the west by Khashuri, and on the south by Borjomi. Area of the municipality - 687.9 km2 Population - 41 316 people. There are 35 state public schools and 1 private school-gymnasium, a secondary vocational school, 1 central library, a cultural center and a museum of local lore in Kareli municipality.
Days Like This (Rachel Proctor song)
"Days Like This" is a debut song co-written and recorded American country music artist Rachel Proctor.  It was released in May 2003 as the first single from the album Where I Belong.  The song reached No. 24 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.  The song was written by Proctor and Odie Blackmon.

Rachel Proctor
Rachel Christine Proctor (born August 11, 1974) is an American country music artist. Before signing to a record deal, she co-wrote Martina McBride's 2002 single "Where Would You Be". By 2003, Proctor had signed to BNA Records, releasing her debut single "Days Like This" that year. This song, which peaked at number 24 on the country charts, was the first of four singles from her 2004 debut album Where I Belong. Proctor's only album for the label, it also produced her highest-charting single in the number 18 "Me and Emily". Although she has not charted a single since 2004, she has written singles for Jessica Simpson and Jesse Lee. Proctor has also had songs recorded by Blake Shelton, Gary Allan, Jana Kramer, Lauren Alaina, and Kenny Loggins. In March 2013 Rachel signed an exclusive songwriting agreement with Big Tractor Music Publishing. Big Tractor is owned by producer Scott Hendricks.
1805 Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district on October 8, 1805, to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of John B. Lucas (DR) before the first session of the 9th Congress to take a position as district judge for the District of Louisiana.

John Baptiste Charles Lucas
John Baptiste Charles Lucas (August 14, 1758 – August 17, 1842) was a French-born member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. After meeting Benjamin Franklin, Lucas was so inspired—and so impatient with class injustices in France—that he sailed to America. Armed with a letter of introduction from Franklin, Lucas was made a federal land grant judge by Thomas Jefferson, then elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. He eventually resigned and moved to St. Louis, reportedly in part because he and his wife, Anne, missed French society.