hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rigour
Rigour (British English) or rigor (American English; see spelling differences) describes a condition of stiffness or strictness. These constraints may be environmentally imposed, such as "the rigours of famine"; logically imposed, such as mathematical proofs which must maintain consistent answers; or socially imposed, such as the process of defining ethics and law.

Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to: war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe, suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025,  Haiti and Afghanistan are the two countries with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Sudan.
Herman Marquis
Herman Marquis is a Jamaican saxophone musician who has played with many reggae artists including Burning Spear. He recorded for Arthur "Duke" Reid in the 1960s and was a member of The Revolutionaries and The Upsetters in the 1970s. He was much in demand as a session player throughout the 1970s and 1980s, playing with some of Jamaica's top stars including Gregory Isaacs, Dennis Brown, Bunny Wailer, and Justin Hinds.

In 1978, Marquis made a brief cameo in the film Rockers directed by Ted Bafaloukos. He was also part of the Rockers All Stars, the group responsible for the film's instrumental music.

He continued through to the mid 1980s and worked with Burning Spear and Ernest Ranglin.

Dennis Brown
Dennis Emmanuel Brown CD (1 February 1957 – 1 July 1999) was a Jamaican reggae singer. During his prolific career, which began in the late 1960s when he was aged eleven, he recorded more than 75 albums and was one of the major stars of lovers rock, a subgenre of reggae. Bob Marley cited Brown as his favourite singer, dubbing him "The Crown Prince of Reggae", and Brown would prove influential on future generations of reggae singers.
Kantarō Suga
Kantarō Suga (菅貫太郎, Suga Kantarō; born December 12, 1934, in Yuzawa, Akita - died March 22, 1994, in Yokohama) was a leading Japanese actor. His film credits span three decades, from 1960 to 1990. One of his prominent appearances was in the lead role in Pastoral: To Die in the Country. Suga also appeared in The Gate of Youth, Sword of the Beast, and Theater of Life. He also portrays Souichiro Akizuki- the father of Nobuhiko, Kyoko and also the foster father of the protagonist Kotaro Minami in the tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Black.

A frequent television guest star, Suga acted in jidaigeki and contemporary shows. Twenty appearances on Abarenbō Shōgun, thirteen on Zenigata Heiji, eleven on Momotarō-zamurai, nine on Ōoka Echizen, seven on Edo o Kiru, and numerous guest roles on various programs in the Mito Komon and Hissatsu series top his list of roles.

Zenigata Heiji
Zenigata Heiji (銭形 平次, Zenigata Heiji) is a Japanese fictional character, the hero of a series of Japanese novels, films and TV programmes set in the Edo period (1603–1868) of Japanese history. He is a policeman (岡っ引き, okappiki) who catches criminals by throwing coins, the zeni of the title, thus Zenigata Heiji. The hero was created by novelist Kodō Nomura (野村胡堂, Nomura Kodō) in 1931. Heiji's beat is Myōjin-shita, "beneath the (Kanda) Myōjin shrine".
Unwell (podcast)
Unwell, a Midwestern Gothic Mystery is a drama-dark fantasy horror podcast produced by Hartlife NFP. It premiered on February 19, 2019, and concluded on September 13, 2023, with the end of its fifth season.

The story follows a woman named Lilian "Lily" Harper (voiced by Clarisa Cherie Rios) returning back to her native remote town of Mt. Absalom, Ohio to look after her semi-estranged mother Dorothy "Dot" Harper (Marsha Harman), who runs a boarding house and recently suffered an injury; as strange events multiply, Lily and boarding house residents Abigail "Abbie" Douglas (Kathleen Hoil) and Rudolphus "Rudy" Peltham (Joshua K. Harris) start suspecting that Mt. Absalom -and its residents- are hiding many secrets. The podcast won a 2021 Audio Drama Award from the BBC.

Dark fantasy
Dark fantasy is a subgenre of literary, artistic, and cinematic fantasy works that incorporates disturbing and frightening themes. The term is ambiguously used to describe stories that combine horror elements with one or other of the standard formulas of fantasy.
Premna tahitensis
Premna tahitensis is a species of plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Bismarck Archipelago in Papuasia and some islands of the south Pacific: Fiji, the Marquesas Islands, Niue, the Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, the Society Islands, Tonga, the Tuamotu Islands, the Tubuai Islands, and Wallis and Futuna.

Papuasia
Papuasia is a Level 2 botanical region defined in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Melanesia ecoregion of Oceania and Tropical Asia.

It comprises the following geographic and political entities:

Aru Islands (Indonesia; treated as part of Western New Guinea in the Scheme)

New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Western New Guinea (Indonesia)

Solomon Islands (archipelago)
Bougainville
Solomon Islands (excluding the Santa Cruz Islands)
Gregan
Gregan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Gregan (born 1989), Irish sprinter

Eugene Gregan (born 1937), American painter

George Gregan (born 1973), Australian rugby union player

John Edgar Gregan (1813–1855), Scottish architect

Miroslav Gregáň (1996), Slovak footballer

Sean Gregan (born 1974), English footballer

Eugene Gregan
Eugene Gregan (born 1937 in New Haven, Connecticut) is an American painter, graphic designer, and illustrator. He specializes in landscapes and Chinese-influenced painting.

Gregan attended the Rhode Island School of Design (BFA degree) and Yale University (MFA degree). At Yale University, he studied under Norman Ives, and Josef Albers.

He has taught at Rhode Island School of Design, Yale University, Brown University, Parsons School of Design, Trinity College, and the Naropa Institute. At Naropa Institute he taught classes in Chinese brush painting. His graphic and commercial design experience includes work with I.M. Pei, Herbert Matter on work including illustrations, corporate logos and album covers.

He lives in Napanoch, New York, with his wife Beverly.
Brazil Independence Cup
The Brazil Independence Cup was an international football tournament held in Brazil, from 11 June to 9 July 1972, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Brazilian Declaration of Independence. It was called the Minicopa by the Brazilians and the final was between Brazil and Portugal, in the Maracanã Stadium. Brazil won 1–0, with Jairzinho scoring in the 89th minute.

Brazil no longer had Pelé but still had Tostão, Jairzinho and Rivellino, the later two also played in the 1974 FIFA World Cup, in West Germany.

Despite Portugal's quality results and team, including Benfica players such as Eusébio, Jaime Graça, José Henrique, Humberto Coelho, Rui Jordão, and Toni, the team missed the World Cup 1974 and 1978 qualifying matches, so this tournament was their best result until the 1984 European Football Championship.

UEFA Euro 1984
The 1984 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in France from 12 to 27 June 1984. It was the seventh UEFA European Championship, a competition held every four years and endorsed by UEFA.

At the time, only eight countries took part in the final stage of the tournament, seven of which had to come through the qualifying stage. France qualified automatically as hosts of the event; in the tournament led by Michel Platini, who scored nine goals in France's all five matches, which is still the record for goals scored in a single tournament and until UEFA Euro 2020 was also the record for goals scored by a single player at all tournaments. Les Bleus won the championship – their first major international title.
Blue Creek Township, Adams County, Indiana
Blue Creek Township is one of twelve townships in Adams County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,540. The majority of the Township, some two thirds, speak an Amish form of Bernese German, a Swiss German dialect, as their mother tongue.

Bernese German
Bernese German (Standard German: Berndeutsch, Alemannic German: Bärndütsch) is the dialect of High Alemannic German spoken in the Swiss Central Plateau (Mittelland) part of the canton of Bern and in some neighbouring regions. A form of Bernese German is spoken by the Swiss Amish affiliation of the Old Order Amish in Adams County, Indiana, United States, as well as and other settlements in the US, primarily in Indiana.
Chaplin, Kentucky
Chaplin is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 418 as of the 2010 census. Chaplin has a post office with ZIP code 40012, which opened on January 4, 1832. U.S. Route 62 passes through the community.

U.S. Route 62
U.S. Route 62 or U.S. Highway 62 (US 62) is an east–west United States Highway in the southern and northeastern United States. It runs from the Mexican border at El Paso, Texas, to Niagara Falls, New York, near the Canadian border. It is the only east–west United States Numbered Highway that connects Mexico and Canada. Parts of US 62 follow what once was the Ozark Trail, including the historic bridge across the South Canadian River in Newcastle, Oklahoma (the first structure built with federal highway funds in Oklahoma after lobbying efforts by Stanley Draper). This bridge was damaged beyond repair by the 2013 Moore tornado that struck Newcastle and Moore, Oklahoma. The highway is signed north–south in New York and Pennsylvania, reflecting its directional orientation in both states, and is signed east-west for the remainder of its course.
Slowinski
Slowinski or Słowiński is the surname of:

David Slowinski, American mathematician

Edward Slowinski (1922–1999), Canadian ice hockey player

Joseph Bruno Slowinski (1962–2001), American herpetologist

Paul Slowinski (born 1980), Polish-Australian kickboxer

Roman Słowiński (born 1952), Polish computer scientist

Sebastian Słowiński (born 1998), Polish poet and minority rights activist

Władysław Słowiński (1930–2024), Polish composer and conductor

David Slowinski
David Slowinski is a mathematician involved in prime numbers. His career highlights have included the discovery of seven Mersenne primes:

244497−1 (M27) (with H. L. Nelson) on April 8, 1979

286243−1 (M28) on September 25, 1982

2132049−1 (M30) on September 19, 1983

2216091−1 (M31) on September 1, 1985

2756839−1 (M32) (with P. Gage) on February 17, 1992

2859433−1 (M33) (with P. Gage) on January 4, 1994

21257787−1 (M34) (with P. Gage) on September 3, 1996

He has also written several textbooks on the subject.

Slowinski was a software engineer for Cray Research.
RX J0822−4300
RX J0822−4300, often referred to as a "Cosmic Cannonball", is a radio-quiet neutron star currently moving away from the center of the Puppis A supernova remnant at 672±115 km/s, making it one of the fastest moving stars ever found. Earlier, it was believed to move with speed as high as 1,500 km/s. Astronomers used NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory to observe the star over a period of 11 years to determine its speed.

Although the cosmic cannonball is not the only hypervelocity star discovered, it is unique in the apparent origin of its speed. Others may have derived theirs from a gravitational slingshot around the Milky Way's suspected supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*. Current theories fail to explain how such speeds can be attained from a supernova explosion. It could be a possible quark star.

Quark star
A quark star is a hypothetical type of compact, exotic star, where extremely high core temperature and pressure have forced nuclear particles to form quark matter, a continuous state of matter consisting of free quarks.
1850 Salvadoran presidential election
Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 26 January 1850. Doroteo Vasconcelos, who was the incumbent, ran unopposed and was elected by the legislature. The constitution was amended to allow his reelection.

Doroteo Vasconcelos
Doroteo Vasconcelos Valle (6 February 1803 – 10 March 1883) was a Salvadoran politician who served as President of El Salvador for two non-consecutive terms between 1848 and 1851. Vasconcelos was close friend of Honduran general Francisco Morazán. He tried to invade Guatemala and defeat general Rafael Carrera on 2 February 1851 but he was defeated. After defeat, he retired from public life.
Tetraphenylarsonium chloride
Tetraphenylarsonium chloride is the organoarsenic compound with the formula (C6H5)4AsCl.  This white solid is the chloride salt of the tetraphenylarsonium cation, which is tetrahedral. Typical of related quat salts, it is soluble in polar organic solvents.  It often is used as a hydrate.

Organoarsenic chemistry
Organoarsenic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing a chemical bond between arsenic and carbon. A few organoarsenic compounds, also called "organoarsenicals," are produced industrially with uses as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. In general these applications are declining in step with growing concerns about their impact on the environment and human health. The parent compounds are arsane and arsenic acid. Despite the toxicity of arsenic, organoarsenic natural products are well known.
Rumsey Fire
The Rumsey Fire in Yolo County, California was the largest fire of the 2004 California wildfire season. The fire burned from October 10 through October 16, 2004 destroying 39,138 acres (158.39 km2) of land. Four days after the fire broke out, officials confirmed that it was the work of an arsonist. Of the structures destroyed by the fire, four were unoccupied mobile homes and the fifth structure was the CAL FIRE Berryessa lookout tower.

Yolo County, California
Yolo County (/ˈjoʊloʊ/ ⓘ; Wintun: Yo-loy), officially the County of Yolo, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Yolo County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. As of the 2020 census, its population was 216,403. Its county seat is Woodland. Yolo County is included in the greater Sacramento metropolitan area  in the Sacramento Valley.
Avatar (franchise)
Avatar is an American epic science fiction media franchise created by James Cameron, which began with the 2009 film Avatar. Produced by Lightstorm Entertainment and distributed by 20th Century Studios, it consists of associated merchandise, video games, and theme park attractions.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Libra oil field
Libra oil field is a large ultra-deepwater oil prospect located in the Santos Basin, about 230 kilometres (140 mi) off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, north of Tupi field.  Libra is in the process of being tested and may turn out to be the largest pre-salt find in the basin, ahead of the Tupi oil field, making the largest find since Cantarell Field in 1976. National Agency of Petroleum (ANP) officials are confident Libra will contain even more recoverable oil than Franco oil field.

National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Brazil)
The Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Portuguese: Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis – ANP) is the federal government agency linked to the Ministry of Mines and Energy responsible for the regulation of the oil sector in Brazil. It was created in 1997 by law 9478. Its activities started on January 14, 1998. Linked to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, it is the federal autarchy responsible for the execution of the national policy for the sector.
Lynda Schlegel Culver
Lynda Joy Schlegel Culver (born May 28, 1969) is an American politician from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. A member of the Republican Party, she is currently a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 27th District since 2023, following her win in a special election. She was formerly a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 108th District from 2011 until 2023.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
1911 Forest of Dean by-election
The 1911 Forest of Dean by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 24 February 1911. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

UK parliamentary by-elections
In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary by-election occurs following a vacancy arising in the House of Commons. They are often seen as a test of the rival political parties' fortunes between general elections.
Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics was the 15th edition of the event at an Olympic Games, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Tokyo, Japan from 25 July to 8 August 2021.
It was originally scheduled to take place from 26 July to 9 August 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IOC and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee announced on 24 March 2020 that the 2020 Summer Olympics would be delayed to 2021. Because of this pandemic, the games were played behind closed doors.

The United States won their first gold after finishing runners-up three times with a 3–0 win over Brazil. Serbia won the bronze medal with a victory over South Korea.

The medals for the competition were presented by Nenad Lalović, IOC Executive Board Member; Serbia, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Ary Graça, FIVB President; Brazil.

Behind closed doors (sport)
The term "behind closed doors" is used in several sports to describe matches played where spectators are not allowed in the stadium or venue to watch. A match played in this manner is also referred to as a crowdless game. Because ticket sales generally constitute a substantial proportion of total revenues in most professional sports as well as in certain elite competitions of many amateur sports, it is rare for such games to be off limits to paying members of the general public. When such instances do occur, it is usually for reasons outside the participating teams' control. These may include as a punishment or remedy for a participating team, stadium safety problems, preventing potentially dangerous clashes between rival supporters, wider safety concerns like a riot or other civil disturbances, or public health concerns like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Jiang Yun
Jiang Yun (Chinese: 蒋韵, born 1954) is a Chinese fiction writer. She is the winner of numerous prizes, including the prestigious Lu Xun Literary Prize, Lao She Literary Award and Yu Dafu Prize for Fiction.

In 2002, Jiang participated in the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa.

International Writing Program
The International Writing Program (IWP) is a writing residency for international artists in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Since 2014, the program offers online courses to many writers and poets around the world. Since its inception in 1967, the IWP has hosted over 1,500 emerging and established poets, novelists, dramatists, essayists, and journalists from more than 150 countries. Its primary goal is to introduce talented writers to the writing community at the University of Iowa, and to provide for the writers a period of optimal conditions for their creative work. Since 2000, the IWP has been directed by poet and journalist Christopher Merrill.
They Who Dare
They Who Dare is a 1954 British Second World War war film directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Dirk Bogarde, Denholm Elliott and Akim Tamiroff. It was released by British Lion Films and in the United States by Allied Artists. The story is based on Operation Anglo that took place during World War II in the Dodecanese islands where special forces attempted to disrupt the Luftwaffe and Regia Aeronautica from threatening Allied forces in Egypt. The title of the film is a reference to the motto of the Special Air Service: "Who Dares Wins".

Regia Aeronautica
The Royal Italian Air Force (Italian: Regia Aeronautica Italiana, RAI) was the air force of the Kingdom of Italy. It was established as a service independent of the Royal Italian Army from 1923 until 1946. In 1946, the monarchy ended and the Kingdom of Italy became the Italian Republic, whereupon the name of the air force changed to Aeronautica Militare.
Mayhem of the Music Meister!
"Mayhem of the Music Meister!" is an episode of the Batman: The Brave and the Bold animated series. The episode features the villainous Music Meister (voiced by Neil Patrick Harris), who uses his power to control people through song to try to take over the world. Written by Michael Jelenic and directed by Ben Jones, the episode premiered on October 23, 2009, the 24th of the first season.

The musical episode, which has been compared to Buffy the Vampire Slayer's "Once More, with Feeling", was generally well received by critics and viewers. Unlike other episodes of The Brave and the Bold, the episode does not feature a traditional cold open.

Cold open
A cold open (also called a teaser sequence) is a narrative technique used in television and films. It is the practice of jumping directly into a story at the beginning of the show before the title sequence or opening credits are shown. In North American television, this is often done on the theory that involving the audience in the plot as soon as possible will reduce the likelihood of them switching to a different show during the opening commercial. A cold open may also be used to recap events in previous episodes or storylines that will be revisited during the current episode.

The cold open technique is sometimes used in films. There, "cold opening" still refers to the opening moments or scenes, but not necessarily to the full duration before the title card, as the title card might appear well after the start.