hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ABCs (song)
"ABCs" is the first official single by rapper K'naan on his album Troubadour. It also features rapper Chubb Rock and is produced by Gerald Eaton and Brian West. The song was also featured on the soundtrack for the video game Madden 09 and in both the film and the trailer for The Trotsky. The song can be heard in the films Step Up 3D (2010) and The Roommate (2011). It samples Chubb Rock's "Treat 'Em Right" and Mulatu Astatke's "Kasalefkut hulu".

K'naan
Keinan Abdi Warsame (Somali: Keynaan Cabdi Warsame; born 1 February 1978), known professionally as K'naan (/ˈkeɪnɑːn/ KAY-nahn), is a Somali-Canadian rapper, singer-songwriter and filmmaker. He rose to international fame after releasing the single "Wavin' Flag", which was chosen as Coca-Cola's promotional anthem for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Besides hip hop, K'naan's sound is influenced by elements of Somali music and world music. A Grammy Award-winning artist and FIPRESCI Prize-winning director, he is also involved in various philanthropic initiatives.
1995 Toronto International Film Festival
The 20th Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) took place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 7 and September 16, 1995. The Confessional by Robert Lepage was selected as the opening film and Devil in a Blue Dress by Carl Franklin was selected as the closing film.

The 1995 festival notably marked the first time that TIFF published its film schedule to the World Wide Web in addition to the conventional paper calendar.

Mohsen Makhmalbaf
Mohsen Makhmalbaf (Persian: محسن مخملباف, [mohˈsen mæxmɒːlˈbɒːf]) (born May 29, 1957) is an Iranian film director, writer, film editor, and producer. He has made more than 20 feature films, won 50 awards, and served as a juror in more than 15 major film festivals. His award-winning films include A Moment of Innocence (1996) and Kandahar. His latest documentary is The Gardener and latest feature The President.

Makhmalbaf's films have been widely presented at international film festivals since the early 21st century. The director belongs to the new wave movement of Iranian cinema. Time selected Makhmalbaf's 2001 film Kandahar as one of the top 100 films of all time. In 2006, he was a member of the Jury at the Venice Film Festival.

Makhmalbaf left Iran in 2005 shortly after the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. He has lived in Paris since the events of the 2009 Iranian presidential election.
Portneuf (Province of Canada electoral district)
Portneuf was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada in Canada East (now Quebec), immediately west of Quebec City.  It was created in 1841 and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.

The boundaries for the district were altered to some extent by a redistribution of seats in 1854.  The electoral district was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Oregon State University Ecampus
Oregon State University Ecampus is the online education unit of Oregon State University. OSU Ecampus develops and delivers courses, degree programs, certificates and microcredentials online and at a distance to students worldwide. Ecampus courses and programs are delivered online as well as in a blended or hybrid format that combines virtual learning with face-to-face instruction.

In January 2026, the Oregon State Ecampus bachelor's degree programs were ranked top 10 in the nation by U.S. News & World Report for the 12th straight year.

Oregon State University is institutionally accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU).

Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU) is an independent, non-profit membership organization recognized by the United States Department of Education since 1952 as an institutional accreditor for colleges and universities.
Palakatsio
Palakatsio (Georgian: პალაკაციო) is a historical region located in the southern part of historical Georgia, within the borders of present-day Turkey. Lake Çıldır was also formerly known as Lake Palakatsio. The Palakatsio region encompassed the area surrounding Lake Çıldır, approximately the area of today's Çıldır District.

In the late 12th century, Palakatsio formed a fringe of the Javakheti principality. Later, it was part of the Samtskhe-Saatabago. In 1578, the Ottomans captured the region and established the Childir Liva (Liva-i Çıldır), part of the Georgian Vilayet (Vilayet-i Gürcistan), on this land.

Samtskhe-Saatabago
The Samtskhe-Saatabago or Samtskhe Atabegate (Georgian: სამცხე-საათაბაგო), also called the Principality of Samtskhe (სამცხის სამთავრო), was a Georgian feudal principality in Zemo Kartli, ruled by an atabeg (tutor) of Georgia for nearly three and a half centuries, between 1268 and 1625. Its territory consisted of the modern-day Samtskhe-Javakheti region and the historical region of Tao-Klarjeti.
Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
The Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (lit. 'New Patriotic Alliance') or Bayan (lit. 'Nation') is a political campaign alliance of various far-left sectoral organizations in the Philippines that adhere to National Democratic principles. It was founded on International Workers' Day, May 1, 1985 as part of the opposition during the Marcos dictatorship.

Political campaign
A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group. In democracies, political campaigns often refer to electoral campaigns, by which representatives are chosen or referendums are decided. In modern politics, the most high-profile political campaigns are focused on general elections and candidates for head of state or head of government, often a president or prime minister.
Linvill
Linvill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John G. Linvill (1919–2011), American professor emeritus of electrical engineering

William Linvill (1919–1980), American electrical engineer

John G. Linvill
John G. Linvill (August 8, 1919 – February 19, 2011) was an American professor (emeritus) of Electrical engineering at Stanford University, known for his pioneering work in higher education, integrated circuits and semiconductors, and for development of the Optacon reading machine for the blind.
City of Chicago v. Morales
City of Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41 (1999), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a law cannot be so vague that a person of ordinary intelligence can not figure out what is innocent activity and what is illegal.

Supreme Court of Illinois
The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the judiciary of Illinois. The court's authority is granted in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which provides for seven justices elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Absent mid-term vacancy, each justice is elected for a term of ten years, which may be renewed and the chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term.
Euphrasia crassiuscula
Euphrasia crassiuscula   is a perennial herb in  the genus Euphrasia. It is endemic to the Victorian Alps  in Australia.
The species was formally described by French botanist Michel Gandoger  based on plant material collected by Carl Walter. Three subspecies are currently recognised:

E. crassiuscula Gand. subsp. crassiuscula

E. crassiuscula  subsp. eglandulosa (J.H.Willis) W.R.Barker

E. crassiuscula  subsp. glandulifera W.R.Barker - thick eyebright, listed as "vulnerable" under the Commonwealth

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

Carl Walter
Carl Walter (c. 1831 – 7 October 1907), also known as Charles Walter, was an Australian botanist and photographer. He was born in Mecklenburg, Germany in about 1831 and arrived in Victoria in the 1850s.
Ziad Noujeim
Dr. Ziad Eva Fouad Noujeim (or Ziad Njeim, Arabic: زياد نجيم, born on 2 November 1958) is a Lebanese oral surgeon and journalist, who worked as lead anchor at TV stations such as MTV, LBC, OTV, Al Hurra and MashreqTV. He hosted the political show Istifta (استفتاء) which resulted in the closure of the MTV channel, then he moved to Alhurra TV, where he broadcast the program sa'aa horra (ساعة حرة).

Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International
The Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International, widely known as LBCI, Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation or LBC, is a private television station in Lebanon. LBCI was founded in 1992 by acquiring the assets, liabilities and logo of LBC, an entity founded in 1985 during the Lebanese Civil War by the Lebanese Forces militia.

LBCI went global in 1996 when it launched its satellite channel LBC Al-Fadha'iya Al-Lubnaniya (Arabic: الفضائية اللبنانية) covering Lebanon, the Arab world, Europe, America, Australia, and Africa.
211 BC
Year 211 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Maximus and Maximus (or, less frequently, year 543 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 211 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus
Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus (died 211 BC) was a Roman general and statesman during the third century BC. He played an important role in the war against the Insubres and the Second Punic War. By taking Mediolanum, the capital of the Insubres, he defeated the tribe and established Roman dominance over Cisalpine Gaul. During the Second Punic War he established Roman rule in the east of the Iberian Peninsula and tied up several Carthaginian armies to keep them from reinforcing Hannibal.
1922 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1922 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1922. Democratic nominee Austin Peay defeated incumbent Republican governor Alfred A. Taylor with 57.9% of the vote.

Peay narrowly won the Democratic primary against Benton McMillin, defeating him by a little over 2%. With this win, Peay flipped the state back into Democratic control, with the state legislature also being controlled by Democrats. This is the last time that an incumbent governor of Tennessee lost reelection.

Tennessee General Assembly
The Tennessee General Assembly (TNGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is a part-time bicameral legislature consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Speaker of the Senate carries the additional title and office of Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee. In addition to passing a budget for state government plus other legislation, the General Assembly appoints three state officers specified by the state constitution. It is also the initiating body in any process to amend the state's constitution.
Alfred Rosesco
Alfred Rosesco (January 1, 1914 – February 27, 1985) was an American male handball player. He was a member of the United States men's national handball team. He was part of the team at the 1936 Summer Olympics, playing 3 matches. On club level he played for German Sport Club Brooklyn in the United States.

United States men's national handball team
The United States national handball team is controlled by USA Team Handball. Due to disputes over funding, general lack of fiscal discipline, and accusations of incompetence, on February 14, 2006, the USOC revoked the governing duties of handball from the United States Team Handball Federation but has since selected USA Team Handball as the new United States National Governing Body.
Denis Matsukevich
Denis Sergeyevich Matsukevich (Дени́с Серге́евич Мацуке́вич; born 28 March 1986) is a professional tennis player from Russia.

He swept five singles Futures titles in his career. His coach is Valeriy Skhliar. He often struggled at higher levels. His only match win at ATP Tour level came in 2007, when he defeated Igor Kunitsyn in St. Petersburg. At ATP Challenger Tour level he reached seven quarter-finals; Samarkand 2008 (l. Denis Istomin), Astana 2010 (l. Konstantin Kravchuk), Fergana 2011 (l. Yūichi Sugita), Tashkent 2011 (l. Konstantin Kravchuk), Karshi 2013 (l. Prakash Amritraj), Eckental 2014 (l. Mirza Bašić) and Brescia 2014 (l. Farrukh Dustov).

Mirza Bašić
Mirza Bašić (Bosnian pronunciation: [bâʃitɕ]; born 12 July 1991) is a Bosnian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 74, achieved on 19 February 2018 and a best doubles ranking of No. 203, achieved on 28 January 2019.

Bašić has won one ATP Tour singles title at the 2018 Sofia Open. He is a member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Davis Cup team.
Ch'alla Quta
Ch'alla Quta (Aymara ch'alla sand, quta lake, "sand lake", also spelled Challa Kota) is a lake in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. Ch'alla Quta lies south of the mountain Larama Punta.

Sorata Municipality
Sorata Municipality (Aymara: Surat'a) is the first municipal section of the Larecaja Province in the La Paz Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Sorata. The Illampu - Janq'u Uma massif is located within the municipality, site of the 17th highest lake in the world, Laguna Glaciar.
Keriya, Phagi
Keriya (also known as Dwarkanathpura) is a patwar circle and village in ILRC Nimera in Phagi Tehsil in Jaipur district, Rajasthan. Keriya is also a patwar circle for nearby villages, Kanwarpura, Gokulpura and Madanpura.

In Keriya, there are 68 households with total population of 536 (with 52.8% males and 47.2% females), based on 2011 census. Total area of village is 5.59 km2. There is one primary school in Keriya village.

Jaipur district
Jaipur district is a district in the state of Rajasthan in Northern India.the city of Jaipur, which is Rajasthan's capital and the largest city, is the district headquarters. It is the tenth most populous district in India (out of 780).
QBD
QBD may stand for:

QBD (electronics)

Quantum brain dynamics, a Quantum mind theory

Quasi-birth-death process

Quality by Design (QbD)

Queen Black Dragon, a boss monster in the MMORPG RuneScape

Queen's Bench Division

Queensland Book Depot

Quick Business Deposit, a trademark of Bank of America

Quasi-birth–death process
In queueing models, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the quasi-birth–death process describes a generalisation of the birth–death process.: 118  As with the birth-death process it moves up and down between levels one at a time, but the time between these transitions can have a more complicated distribution encoded in the blocks.
Mount Pearl Samurai
The Mount Pearl Samurai were a Canadian senior ice hockey team from Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador.  They were part of the Avalon East Senior Hockey League and are eligible for the Herder Memorial Trophy as well as the Allan Cup.

Herder Memorial Trophy
The Herder Memorial Trophy, colloquially known as the Herder,  is the championship trophy awarded annually to the senior ice hockey champions of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The original cast silver trophy was donated in 1935 by The Evening Telegram newspaper, on behalf of the Herder family, as a memorial to five brothers who played hockey in St. John's.

First presented in 1935, the Herder Memorial Trophy has been awarded 86 times. The Herder was not awarded in 1942, 1943, 1991, 2020 and 2021. The first winner of the Herder trophy was a team from Corner Brook that won the inaugural all-Newfoundland ice hockey championship on March 22, 1935. The record of most Herder wins belongs to the teams from St. John's that won the trophy a total of 20 times. The 2025 Herder was awarded on April 5, 2025 to the Deer Lake Red Wings.
Die, Mommie, Die!
Die, Mommie, Die! is a 2003 American satirical black comedy film written by female impersonator Charles Busch, who also plays the lead role. Partly spoof and partly homage, it draws heavily on the tropes and themes of American "Psycho-biddy" films and plays from the 1950s and 1960s that featured strong, sometimes dominating female leads. It is adapted from a play of the same name by Busch, first performed in 1999.

Gender in horror films
The representation of gender in horror films, particularly depictions of women, has been the subject of critical commentary.

Critics and researchers have argued that horror films depict graphically detailed violence, contain erotically or sexually charged situations which verge on becoming pornographic, and focus more on injuring or killing female as opposed to male characters. Many also perceive recurring themes of misfortune for male characters who exhibit overt masculinity or sexuality. Audience reception is suggested by researchers to be affected by the respective gender representation depicted in these movies.
Kevin O'Connor (cricketer)
Kevin James O'Connor (born 20 June 1940) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played six first-class matches for Otago, three in each of the 1969–70 and 1970–71 seasons.

O'Connor was born at Dunedin in Otago in 1940. He played age-group cricket for Otago during the 1959–60 season and played for Southland between 1960–61 and 1976–77, including 23 Hawke Cup matches. His first-class debut for Otago came on Christmas Day 1969 against Central Districts. Opening the batting, O'Connor scored 17 in his first innings, described by The Press as "a brief, energetic innings" which include him hooking the first ball of the match for four runs. He scored a further five runs in his second innings and went on to play in two more of Otago's Plunket Shield matches during the season. He played a further three matches the following season, scoring a total of 252 runs, including a score of 71 runs made against Canterbury in January 1970, his only first-class half-century.

Central Districts cricket team
The Central Stags, formerly known as Central Districts, are a first-class cricket team based in central New Zealand. They are the men's representative side of the Central Districts Cricket Association. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one-day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are one of six teams that make up New Zealand Cricket. They were the fifth of the current teams to compete in the Plunket Shield which they entered for the first time in the 1950/51 season, and are the only men's first-class side representing regions in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Ramiro Romero
Ramiro Romero Ortíz (born 26 January 1970) is a retired Mexican footballer and manager. He played for Cruz Azul, UAT and Toros Neza. As an international player, he was part of the Mexican squad at the 1987 FIFA U-16 World Championship and the 1991 Pan American Games, where he won the silver medal.

He last managed Tuxpan of the Liga TDP, the fourth level of the Mexican football league system.

Tuxpan F.C.
Tuxpan Fútbol Club is a Mexican football club that plays in the Tercera División de México. The club is based in Tuxpan, Veracruz. In 2019, the club was refounded and renamed as Tuxpan F.C.. It is a rival of C.D. Poza Rica.
Joachim Rønneberg
Joachim Holmboe Rønneberg DSO (30 August 1919 – 21 October 2018) was a Norwegian Army officer and broadcaster. He was known for his resistance work during World War II, most notably commanding Operation Gunnerside, and his post-war war information work.

Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner
Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner (Astrid Maud Ingeborg; born 12 February 1932) is the second daughter of King Olav V and his wife, Princess Märtha of Sweden. She is the older sister of King Harald V of Norway and younger sister of the late Princess Ragnhild. She became the “first lady” of Norway during the reign of her grandfather, Haakon VII, after her mother’s death in 1954, and continued in this role during her father’s reign until her brother married in 1968.
But a Short Time to Live
But a Short Time to Live is a 1951 crime thriller novel by the British writer James Hadley Chase. It was originally published under the pen name of Raymond Marshall. In the United States it was known by the alternative title The Pick-up.

In 1968 it was adapted into a French film A Little Virtuous  directed by Serge Korber and starring Dany Carrel, Jacques Perrin and Robert Hossein.

Jacques Perrin
Jacques Perrin (French pronunciation: [ʒak pɛʁɛ̃]; born Jacques André Simonet [ʒak ɑ̃dʁe simɔnɛ]; 13 July 1941 – 21 April 2022) was a French actor and film producer. He was occasionally credited as Jacques Simonet.
Inversion therapy
Inversion therapy, or simply inversion, is the process of seeking therapeutic benefits from hanging by the legs, ankles, or feet in an inverted angle or entirely upside down.  It is a form of spinal traction.  Gravity boots are ankle supports designed for inversion therapy. Some people use gravity boots to add an extra challenge to workouts, doing inverted crunches or squats.

Crunch (exercise)
The crunch or curl-up is an abdominal exercise that works the rectus abdominis muscle. Crunches use the exerciser's own body weight to strengthen muscle and are recommended by some experts, despite negative research results, as a low-cost exercise that can be performed at home. Crunches are less effective than other exercises such as planks and carry risk of back injury.
Peter Freebody
Peter Freebody (born 12 August 1950 in Sydney) is an Australian Honorary Professorial Fellow at the University of Wollongong, Australia. Past appointments included Professorial Research Fellow with the Faculty of Education and Social Work and a core member of the CoCo Research Centre at the University of Sydney in Sydney, Australia. His research and teaching interests include literacy education, classroom interaction and quantitative and qualitative research methods. He has served on numerous Australian State and Commonwealth literacy education and assessment advisory groups. Freebody, with Allan Luke, originated the Four Resources Model of literacy education.

Centre for Research on Computer Supported Learning and Cognition
The Centre for Research on Computer Supported Learning and Cognition (CRLI) is an education research centre within the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of The University of Sydney that carries out research into the sciences and technologies of learning. Established on 1 January 2016, the Centre was formed through the amalgamation of the University's Computer Supported Learning and Cognition Centre (CoCo) and the Sciences and Technologies of Learning (STL) research network.

The Centre is located in the Education Building (A35), adjacent to Manning Road, that houses the Sydney School of Education and Social Work on the University's Camperdown campus, New South Wales, Australia. The Co-Directors of the Centre are Professor Peter Reimann and Associate Professor Lina Markauskaite.

The Centre leads a graduate program in Learning Science and Technology.