hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Four fours
Four fours is a mathematical puzzle, the goal of which is to find the simplest mathematical expression for every whole number from 0 to some maximum, using only common mathematical symbols and the digit four. No other digit is allowed. Most versions of the puzzle require that each expression have exactly four fours, but some variations require that each expression have some minimum number of fours. The puzzle requires skill and mathematical reasoning.

The first printed occurrence of the specific problem of four fours is in Knowledge: An Illustrated Magazine of Science in 1881. A similar problem involving arranging four identical digits to equal a certain amount was given in Thomas Dilworth's popular 1734 textbook The Schoolmaster's Assistant, Being a Compendium of Arithmetic Both Practical and Theoretical.

W. W. Rouse Ball described it in the 6th edition (1914) of his Mathematical Recreations and Essays. In this book it is described as a "traditional recreation".

The Schoolmaster's Assistant, Being a Compendium of Arithmetic Both Practical and Theoretical
The Schoolmaster's Assistant, Being a Compendium of Arithmetic both Practical and Theoretical was an early and popular English arithmetic textbook, written by Thomas Dilworth and first published in England in 1743. An American edition was published in 1769; by 1786 it had reached 23 editions, and through 1800 it was the most popular mathematics text in America.
Sai Chand
Tripuraneni Sai Chand (born 25 June 1956) is an Indian actor and documentary filmmaker who works in Telugu cinema, Telugu theatre, and television. He is popularly known for his roles in films like Maa Bhoomi, Fidaa and Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy.

Telugu theatre
Telugu theatre is Indian theatre performed in the Telugu language, based in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Gurajada Apparao wrote the play, Kanyasulkam in 1892, which is often considered the greatest play in the Telugu language. C. Pullaiah is cited as the father of Telugu theatre movement.

Vemuri Gaggaiah was an important member of the Mylavaram Bala Bharathi Nataka Samajam in Mylavaram, Krishna district during 1913–28. Through "Mylavaram Theatre", Gaggaiah became a household name for his mythological roles. Tirupati Venkata Kavulu have dramatised several of the Hindu epics into dramas and plays consisting of singable verses set to perfect meter. Several of their plays, especially pandavodyogavijayalu have been widely known among many drama clubs and audiences across Andhra Pradesh. The Nandi Natakotsavam Awards are awarded every year by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for achievements in Telugu theatre.
Vanaspara
Vanaspara  (ruled c. 130 CE) was an Indo-Arya or Scythian Northern Satrap (kshtrapa). He is mentioned as a "Satrap" (Brahmi:, Kṣatrapa, "Satrap") of Kushan ruler Kanishka I on an inscription discovered in Sarnath, and dated to the 3rd year of Kanishka (c. 130 CE), in which Kanishka mentions he was, together with "Great Satrap" Kharapallana, governor of the eastern parts of his Empire.

The inscription was discovered on an early statue of a Boddhisattva, the Sarnath Bala Boddhisattva, now in the Sarnath Museum .

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
Beattie ministry
The Beattie Ministry was a Ministry of the Government of Queensland, led by Labor Premier Peter Beattie. It commenced on 26 June 1998, thirteen days after the Borbidge Ministry, led by Premier Rob Borbidge of the National Party, was defeated at the 1998 election. It was followed by the Bligh Ministry upon Beattie's retirement as Premier on 13 September 2007.

Queensland Labor Party
The Queensland Labor Party, officially known as the Australian Labor Party (State of Queensland) and commonly referred to as Queensland Labor or simply Labor, is the branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in the state of Queensland. It has functioned in the state since the 1880s. The Queensland branch of the Australian Labor Party was the first Labour Party to win government in the world, when, in December 1899, following the resignation of the Dickson ministry, Queensland Labour leader Anderson Dawson accepted an offer by Lieutenant-Governor Samuel Griffith to form a government.
Ines Geipel
Ines Geipel (born 1960) is a German academic and former athlete. She is professor of verse language at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts (Hochschule für Schauspielkunst Ernst Busch) in  Berlin, where she teaches a course in contemporary puppetry.

She was born in 1960 in Dresden in the then East Germany. She was a competitive athlete there before escaping to the West in 1989. After her escape, she was expelled from the SED, of which she had previously been a party member. She studied sociology and philosophy in Darmstadt.

As an athlete she was a victim of doping in East Germany, and she was president from 2013 to 2018 of the group Help for Victims of Doping (Doping-Opfer-Hilfe). She was a co-plaintiff in the 2000 trial of Manfred Ewald and Manfred Höppner.

In 2019 she was the subject of an episode of the BBC series HARDtalk, interviewed by Stephen Sackur.

Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts
The Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts (German: Hochschule für Schauspielkunst Ernst Busch, HFS), located in the Mitte district of Berlin, Germany, was founded in 1951 as the National Theatre School in Berlin with the status of college. In 1981, it was granted university status, and a year later it was renamed after the singer and East German actor Ernst Busch.
Sanremo Music Festival 1970
The Sanremo Music Festival 1970 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 1970), officially the 20th Italian Song Festival (20º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 20th annual Sanremo Music Festival, held at the Sanremo Casino in Sanremo between 26 and 28 February 1970, and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was presented by Nuccio Costa, assisted by the actors Enrico Maria Salerno and Princess Ira von Fürstenberg.

The final night was broadcast by Programma Nazionale, while the first two nights were broadcast live only by radio. According to the rules of this edition every song  was performed in a double performance by a couple of singers or groups. The winners of the festival were Adriano Celentano and Claudia Mori with the song "Chi non lavora non fa l'amore".

Adriano Celentano
Adriano Celentano (Italian: [adriˈaːno tʃelenˈtaːno]; born 6 January 1938) is an Italian singer-songwriter, actor, showman, and filmmaker. He is dubbed Il Molleggiato ('the springy one') because of his energetic dancing.

Celentano's many albums frequently enjoyed both commercial and critical success. With around 150 million records sold worldwide, he is one of  the best-selling Italian musical artists.  Often credited as the author of both the music and lyrics of his songs, according to his wife Claudia Mori, some were written in collaboration with others. Due to his prolific career, both in Italy and abroad, he is considered one of the pillars of Italian music.

Celentano is recognized for being particularly perceptive of changes in the music business and is credited for having introduced rock and roll to Italy. As an actor, Celentano has appeared in 39 films, mostly comedies.
Schönecken Castle
Schönecken Castle (German: Burg Schönecken) is a ruined hill castle at 467 m above sea level (NN) above the village of Schönecken in the Nims valley in the West Eifel mountains. It lies within the county of Bitburg-Prüm in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
The castle stands on the lowest hill ridge in the middle of a valley bowl. The site is guarded on all sides by higher hills.

The ruins of Schönecken Castle are also called Bella Costa or Clara Costa.

Bitburg-Prüm
The Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (Luxembourgish: Äifelkrees Béibreg-Prüm) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) Luxembourg, Belgium and the districts of Euskirchen, Vulkaneifel, Bernkastel-Wittlich and Trier-Saarburg.
Elections in Paraguay
Paraguay elects on the national level a head of state — the president — and a legislature. The president of Paraguay is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Congress (Congreso Nacional) has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) has 80 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. The Chamber of Senators (Cámara de Senadores) has 45 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation.

President of Paraguay
The president of Paraguay (Spanish: presidente del Paraguay), officially known as the president of the Republic of Paraguay (Spanish: presidente de la República del Paraguay), is the head of the executive branch of the government of Paraguay, serving as both head of state and head of government according to the Constitution of Paraguay. His honorific title is Su Excelencia. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief for the armed forces

The incumbent president of Paraguay is Santiago Peña, who took office on 15 August 2023. The presidential seat is the Palacio de los López, in Asunción. The presidential residence is the Mburuvichá Roga, also in Asunción. Once presidents leave office, they are granted by the Constitution of Paraguay the speaking-but-non-voting position of senator for life.
Necmettin Erbakan
Necmettin Erbakan (29 October 1926 – 27 February 2011) was a Turkish politician and political theorist who served as the 23rd prime minister of Turkey from 1996 to 1997. He was pressured by the military to step down as prime minister and was later banned from politics by the Constitutional Court of Turkey for purportedly violating the separation of religion and state as mandated by the constitution.

The political ideology and movement founded by Erbakan, Millî Görüş, argues that Turkey can develop with its own power by protecting its religious values and moving forward with faster steps by rivaling the Western countries in favor of closer relations to Muslim countries. With the Millî Görüş ideology, Erbakan was the founder and leader of several prominent Islamic political parties in Turkey from the 1970s to the 2010s, namely the National Order Party (MNP), the National Salvation Party (MSP), the Welfare Party (RP), the Virtue Party (FP), and the Felicity Party (SP).

Prime Minister of Turkey
The prime minister of Turkey, officially the prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı), was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Turkish Parliament and presided over the cabinet. Throughout the political history of Turkey, functions and powers of the post have changed occasionally. Prior to its dissolution as a result of the 2017 Constitutional Referendum, the holder of the premiership was generally the dominant figure in Turkish politics, outweighing the president.
Charles-Philippe d'Orléans
Charles Philippe Marie Louis d'Orléans (born 3 March 1973) is a member of the House of Orléans. He is the elder of two sons of Prince Michel d'Orléans and his former wife Béatrice Pasquier de Franclieu. His paternal grandfather was Prince Henri d'Orléans, the Orléanist pretender to the French throne. As such, Charles-Philippe takes the traditional royal rank of petit-fils de France with the style of Royal Highness.

Charles-Philippe was an independent candidate in the 2012 French legislative election, standing in the Fifth constituency for French residents overseas, which covers Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Monaco. He finished seventh, with 3.05% of the vote. (Within the constituency, he finished fourth in Portugal, his country of residence, with 7.37%, and fourth also in Monaco, with 5.33%.)

Charles-Philippe served as Grand Master of the Orléans obedience of the Order of Saint Lazarus from 2004 to 2010. Since 2004, he styles himself as "Duke of Anjou".

Royal Highness
Royal Highness is a style, or form of address, used to address or refer to some members of royal families, usually princes or princesses. Kings and their female consorts, as well as queens regnant, are usually styled Majesty.

When used as a direct form of address, spoken or written, it takes the form Your Royal Highness. When used as a third-person reference, it is gender-specific (His Royal Highness or Her Royal Highness, both abbreviated HRH) and in plural, Their Royal Highnesses (TRH).

It is used also for hereditary members of former reigning royal houses.
1999–2000 Ukrainian Cup
The 1999–2000 Ukrainian Cup was the ninth annual edition of Ukraine's football knockout competition, known as the Ukrainian Cup. The winner of this competition was Dynamo Kyiv, beating FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih in the final.

The format of competition was completely changed. The competition itself started on March 11, 2000 with 32 teams: 16 from the Premier League, 14 from the First League, and both finalists of the Second League cup. The Second League Cup took place in the late 1999 involving some 44 teams out which two finalists qualified for the Ukrainian Cup. Those finalists later also played a final game for the competition's trophy in May 2000.

Ukrainian Cup
The Ukrainian Cup (Ukrainian: Кубок України [ˈkubok ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is an association football national knockout cup competition run by the Ukrainian Association of Football. The competition is conducted almost exclusively among professional clubs. Since the 2003–04 season, the Cup winner qualifies to play the Ukrainian Premier League winner for the Ukrainian Super Cup.
Knickerbocker (surname)
Knickerbocker, also spelled Knikkerbakker, Knikkerbacker, and Knickerbacker, is a Dutch surname that dates back to the early settlers of New Netherland that was popularized by Washington Irving in 1809 when he published his satirical A History of New York under the pseudonym "Diedrich Knickerbocker". The name was also a term for Manhattan's aristocracy "in the early days" and became a general term, now obsolete, for a New Yorker. The term is also used to refer to the Anglo-Dutch "old line" families of New York City, as opposed to New England "Yankee" interlopers and other newcomers.

A History of New York
A History of New York, subtitled From the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty, is an 1809 literary parody on the early history of New York City by Washington Irving. Originally published under the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker, later editions that acknowledged Irving's authorship were printed as Knickerbocker's History of New York.

The book is significant as early media describing what became modern Christmas traditions in the United States.
Jarrah forest
Jarrah forest is tall open forest in which the dominant overstory tree is Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah). The ecosystem occurs only in the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. It is most common in the biogeographic region named in consequence Jarrah Forest.

Most jarrah forest contains at least one other co-dominant overstory tree; association with Corymbia calophylla is especially common, and results in which is sometimes referred to as jarrah-marri forest.

Considerable amount of research delineates northern, central and southern jarrah forest which relates to rainfall, geology and ecosystem variance.

Corymbia calophylla
Corymbia calophylla, commonly known as marri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a tree or mallee with rough bark on part or all of the trunk, lance-shaped adult leaves, branched clusters of cup-shaped or pear-shaped flower buds, each branch with three or seven buds, white to pink flowers, and relatively large oval to urn-shaped fruit, colloquially known as honky nuts. Marri wood has had many uses, both for Aboriginal people, and in the construction industry.
USS Chandler
Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Chandler. The first was named for William E. Chandler and the second for Theodore E. Chandler.

USS Chandler (DD-206), was a Clemson-class destroyer, commissioned in 1919, served in World War II and decommissioned in 1945.

USS Chandler (DDG-996), was a Kidd-class destroyer, commissioned in 1982 and decommissioned in 1999. She was transferred to Taiwan.

William E. Chandler
William Eaton Chandler (December 28, 1835 – November 30, 1917), also known as Bill Chandler, was a lawyer who served as United States Secretary of the Navy and as a U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. In the 1880s, he was a member of the Republican "Half-Breed" faction, the wing of the party which advocated civil service reform. His credentials were established as moderate in comparison to most of the Republican Party, particularly in his opposition towards sound money.

Chandler, who continued to advocate civil rights following the end of Reconstruction, criticized the policies of President Rutherford B. Hayes, whose actions pertaining to the South he viewed as too lenient. Chandler started the U.S. Naval resurgence and the precedent of the U.S. Navy being constructed with modern steel ships.
Licuala orbicularis
Licuala orbicularis is a species of palm in the genus Licuala. It is endemic to southwestern Sarawak on the island of Borneo.

It grows as a rainforest understorey plant in mixed dipterocarp forest and kerangas forests, in moist valleys and on hill slopes, from 20 to 550 metres elevation.

Sundaland heath forests
The Sundaland heath forests, also known as Kerangas forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangka, which lie to the west of Borneo.
Childress Army Airfield
Childress Army Airfield is a former World War II military airfield, located 4.8 miles west of Childress, Texas.  It operated as a Bombardier training school for the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 until 1945.

Childress, Texas
Childress (/ˈtʃɪldrɪs/ CHIL-driss) (established 1887; incorporated 1890) is a city in and the county seat of Childress County, Texas, United States. Its population was 5,737 at the 2020 census.

The city and county were named after George Campbell Childress, a native of Nashville, Tennessee, who was the principal author of the Texas Declaration of Independence. The county and city were incorporated more than four decades after Childress' death.
WCZX
WCZX (97.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Hyde Park, New York, and serving the Mid-Hudson Valley of New York state. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and broadcasts at 300 watts ERP from the Illinois Mountain master tower in Marlborough, New York, with studios on Pendell Road in the Town of Poughkeepsie. It plays a country music format, which is simulcast on two other stations in the Hudson Valley, 97.3 WZAD in Wurtsboro and 105.5 WDBY in Patterson.

Patterson, New York
Patterson is a town in Putnam County, New York, United States. The town is in the northeastern part of the county and Interstate 84 passes through its southwestern section. The population was 11,541 at the 2020 census. The town is named after farmer Matthew Paterson. The original name was spelled “Paterson,” but was changed to its current spelling in the mid-19th century, reportedly because mail delivery confusion with Paterson, New Jersey.
Cathedral of Cúcuta
The Cathedral of San José de Cúcuta is a Catholic cathedral in the city of Cúcuta (Colombia). It lies in the center of the town, in front of Santander Park and close to the city hall. It is considered to be the historic and cultural heart of the city. The cathedral is the headquarters of the Bishop of Cúcuta, and became the main church of the Diocese of Cúcuta on May 29, 1959, when it was consecrated by Pope Pio XII. It is  predominantly of pure Romanesque style, with an imposing facade of stone veneer.

Santander Park
Santander Park (Spanish: Parque Santander) is located in Cúcuta, Colombia. The park is bordered by 5th and 6th Avenue and 10th and 11th Street and was previously the location of the Grand Square of San José de Guasimales, a site hosting principal events and public spectacles in Cúcuta. In the center of the park is a bronze statue of the Cúcuta-born Francisco de Paula Santander, created by the German sculptor Carl Bornr and unveiled on August 5, 1890.

The Cathedral of San José and Cúcuta's city hall are located at the park's edges.
2011 Fergana Valley earthquake
The 2011 Fergana Valley earthquake affected Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan at 01:35 KGT (19:35 UTC) on 20 July. The dip-slip shock had a moment magnitude of 6.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). Its epicenter was located just inside Kyrgyzstan's border in the Fergana Valley region. Fourteen people were killed and eighty-six were injured in the earthquake.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Sotwara
Sotwara is a village situated in the Jhunjhunu district, state of Rajasthan, Western India. It is 21 km away from Jhunjhunu and almost 14 km from Nawalgarh, and also 4 km away from Sikar-Loharu State Highway-8, which is one of the best transportation way between Sikar-Jhunjhunu-Loharu.

It has nearly 2500 houses and has its own Gram Panchayat (Local Self Governing Body) which has  Nawalgarh, Rajasthan as its Tehsil.

Jhunjhunu district
Jhunjhunu district is a district of the Indian state of Rajasthan in northern India. The city of Jhunjhunu is the district headquarters. The district is famous for the frescos on its grand havelis and for providing considerable representation to Indian defense forces. The district falls within the Shekhawati region, and is bounded on the northeast and east by Haryana state, on the southeast, south & southwest by Sikar district & on the northwest and north by Churu district.
Eilenriede
The Eilenriede (literally 'alder marsh' in German, meaning 'marsh populated with alder trees') is a 640-hectare (1,600-acre) municipal forest in Hanover, Germany. It is the largest urban city forest in Germany, one of the largest in Europe, and is nearly twice the size of Central Park in New York. The biggest German urban park in the strict sense of the word, however, is the 375-hectare (930-acre) English Garden in Munich.

Englischer Garten
The Englischer Garten (German: [ˈɛŋlɪʃɐ ˈɡaʁtn̩], English Garden) is a large public park in the centre of Munich, Bavaria, stretching from the city centre to the northeastern city limits. The creation began in 1789, supervised by Sir Benjamin Thompson (1753–1814), later Count Rumford (Reichsgraf von Rumford), for Prince Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria. Thompson's successors, Reinhard von Werneck (1757–1842) and Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell (1750–1823), advisers on the project from its beginning, both extended and improved the park.

With an area of 3.7 km2 (1.4 sq mi) (370 ha or 910 acres), the Englischer Garten is one of the world's largest urban public parks. The name refers to its English garden form of informal landscape, a style popular in England from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century and particularly associated with Capability Brown.