hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Universal basic services
Universal basic services (UBS) is an idea of a form of social security in which all citizens or residents of a community, region, or country receive unconditional access to a range of free, basic, public services, funded by taxpayers and provided collectively by a government or public institution. The basic services commonly include:

Education

Health care

Housing

Essential food

Water and sanitation

Buses and trains

Basic internet

Legal aid and representation

Further services, where there are low or zero marginal costs for adding further users are:

Electricity and heating

Retail banking

Public broadcast media

Public institution (United States)
A public institution is a juristic person in the United States which is backed through public funds and  controlled by the state. Typically a public institution will have a board of trustees who govern the institution and the members of the board are public officials who are appointed by the state (typically a person in the executive branch such as a state governor) for a fixed term of years. When public institutions are created, they lead to many other establishments such as new laws.
5.8×21mm
The 5.8×21mm DAP92 (Chinese: DAP92式5.8毫米普通弹; pinyin: 92 shì 5.8 háo mǐ pǔ tōng dàn, lit. 'Type 92 5.8mm standard cartridge') is a Chinese rimless, bottlenecked, centerfire cartridge designed as an armor-piercing PDW ammunition for handguns and submachine guns.

Centerfire ammunition
A center-fire (or centerfire) is a type of metallic cartridge used in firearms, where the primer is located at the center of the base of its casing (i.e. "case head").  Unlike rimfire cartridges, the centerfire primer is typically a separate component seated into a recessed cavity (known as the primer pocket) in the case head and is replaceable by reloading the cartridge.

Centerfire cartridges have supplanted the rimfire cartridge, with the exception of a few small calibers. The majority of today's handguns, rifles, and shotguns use centerfire ammunition, with the exception of some .17 caliber, .20 caliber, and .22 caliber rimfire handgun and rifle cartridges, a few small-bore/gauge shotgun shells (intended mainly for use in pest control), and a handful of antiquated rimfire and pinfire cartridges for various firearm actions.
North Doncaster Chord
The North Doncaster Chord (also known as the Shaftholme Flyover) is a railway connection (chord) between the freight only lines between Hatfield & Stainforth railway station (the Skellow line) and the Askern branch line, in South Yorkshire, England. The line was built to allow heavy freight trains, mostly from the Port of Immingham, to access the power stations in the lower Aire Valley without the need for them to use the East Coast Main Line (ECML) and creating slower line speeds for faster passenger trains. The chord meant the creation of 2 miles (3.2 km) of new railway and the building of Shaftholme Viaduct, which straddles the East Coast Main Line.

Glossary of United Kingdom railway terms
This article contains a list of jargon used to varying degrees by railway enthusiasts, trainspotters, and railway employees in the United Kingdom, including nicknames for various locomotives and multiple units. Although not exhaustive, many of the entries in this list appear from time to time in specialist, rail-related publications. There may be significant regional variation in usage.
Lamont Dozier
Lamont Herbert Dozier (/ləˈmɒnt ˈdoʊʒər/; June 16, 1941 – August 8, 2022) was an American singer, songwriter, and record producer from Detroit. He co-wrote and produced 14 Billboard #1 hits in the US and 4 #4 in the UK.

Lists of Billboard number-one singles
This is a list of songs that have peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and the magazine's national singles charts that preceded it. Introduced in 1958, the Hot 100 is the pre-eminent singles chart in the United States, currently monitoring the most popular singles in terms of popular radio play,  single purchases and online streaming.
Book Item and Component Identifier
The Book Item and Component Identifier, or BICI, is a draft standard of the United States National Information Standards Organization (NISO) that would provide a unique identifier for items or components within a book or publication to which an International Standard Book Number (ISBN) has been assigned. It is related to the Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI).

National Information Standards Organization
The National Information Standards Organization (NISO; /ˈnaɪsoʊ/) is a United States non-profit standards organization that develops, maintains and publishes technical standards related to publishing, bibliographic and library applications. It was founded in 1939 as the Z39 Committee, chaired from 1963-1977 by Jerrold Orne, incorporated as a not-for-profit education association in 1983, and assumed its current name in 1984.
Nagamine
Nagamine (written: 長峯, 長嶺 or 永峰) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kaori Nagamine (長峯 かおり, born 1968), Japanese footballer

Saori Nagamine (永峰 沙織, born 1993), Japanese archer

Shōshin Nagamine (長嶺 将真, 1907–1997), Japanese writer, soldier, police officer and karateka

Takayoshi Nagamine (長嶺 高兆, 1945–2012), Japanese karateka

Tatsuya Nagamine (長峯 達也), Japanese anime director

Shōshin Nagamine
Shōshin Nagamine (長嶺 将真, Nagamine Shōshin; 15 July 1907 – 2 November 1997) was an Okinawa karate master as well as a soldier, police superintendent, assemblyman of Naha City between 1953 and 1957, play director and author.
Sydney Bennett
Sydney John Bennett (7 February 1905 – 15 August 1969) was an English cricketer.  Bennett was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow.  He was born at Hackleton, Northamptonshire.

Bennett made three first-class appearances for Northamptonshire, two in the 1933 County Championship against Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, and one in the 1934 County Championship against Leicestershire. In his three first-class matches, he scored 37 runs at an average of 7.40, with a high score of 19 not out. With the ball he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 53.50, with best figures of 1/40.

He died at Margate, Kent on 15 August 1969.

Margate
Margate is a seaside town in the Thanet District of Kent, England. It is located on the north coast of Kent and covers an area of 2 miles (3 kilometres) long, 16 miles (26 kilometres) north-east of Canterbury and includes Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay and Westbrook. In 2011 it had a population of 61,223.

The town has been a significant maritime port since the Middle Ages, and was associated with Dover as part of the Cinque Ports in the 15th century. It became a popular place for holidaymakers in the 18th century, owing to easy access via the Thames, and later with the arrival of the railways. Popular landmarks include the sandy beaches and the Dreamland amusement park. During the late 20th century, the town went into decline along with other British seaside resorts, but attempts are being made to revitalise the economy.
Vijay Mandal
Vijay Kumar Mandal (born 1 January 1957) is an Indian politician who was elected as a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from Dinara constituency in 2020 as candidate of Rashtriya Janata Dal. He defeated former Minister of Department of Science and Technology, Jai Kumar Singh in 2020 elections.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
I Spit on Your Rave
I Spit on Your Rave was the title for a planned 2010 film production by Film4 and Warp Films, who in 2009 released a trailer to promote their mockumentary zombie comedy horror film starring Noel Fielding. It was written and directed by Chris Boyle, and recorded during the 2009 Big Chill Music Festival, at an event recorded by Guinness Book of World Records for breaking the record for "Most Amount of Zombies Captured on Camera".

The Big Chill (music festival)
The Big Chill was an annual festival of alternative, dance and chill-out music and comedy, held in the grounds of Eastnor Castle during early August. The 2011 line-up included The Chemical Brothers, Kanye West, Rodrigo Y Gabriela, Jessie J, Robert Plant, Calvin Harris, Neneh Cherry, Aloe Blacc, Chipmunk, Katy B & Example. The festival has not been staged since 2011.
Ingram Olkin
Ingram Olkin (July 23, 1924 – April 28, 2016) was a professor emeritus and chair of statistics and education at Stanford University and the Stanford Graduate School of Education. He is known for developing statistical analysis for evaluating policies, particularly in education, and for his contributions to meta-analysis, statistics education, multivariate analysis, and majorization theory.

American Statistical Association
The American Statistical Association (ASA) is the main professional organization for statisticians and related professionals in the United States. It was founded in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 27, 1839, and is the second-oldest continuously operating professional society in the U.S. behind the Massachusetts Medical Society (founded in 1781). ASA services statisticians, quantitative scientists, and users of statistics across many academic areas and applications. The association publishes a variety of journals and sponsors several international conferences every year.
2013 Doha Diamond League
The 2013 Doha Diamond League was the 15th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Doha, Qatar. Held on 10 May at Suheim bin Hamad Stadium, it was the opening leg of the 2013 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

Suheim bin Hamad Stadium
The Suheim bin Hamad Stadium (Arabic: ملعب سحيم بن حمد), also known as Qatar SC Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar. Currently used mostly for football matches, it is home of the football team Qatar Sports Club.
MOTH locality
The Man-on-the-hill (MOTH) locality is a fossil site in the Northwest Territories of Canada renowned for its incredibly well-preserved Early Devonian fish fossils. Discovered in the Mackenzie Mountains in the 1960s, MOTH accumulated greater prestige in the late 20th century, with many fossil fish species only known from this one site. The fauna consists of both jawed fish (mostly acanthodians, the "spiny sharks") and jawless fish (armored osteostracans and pteraspidomorphs, as well as distinctive fork-tailed furcacaudiform thelodonts). The geology of MOTH reconstructs the area as a calm marine environment with mixed sediment sources along the western coast of Laurussia.

Pteraspidomorpha
Pteraspidomorpha (also frequently spelled Pteraspidomorphi) is an extinct class of early jawless fish. They have long been regarded as closely related or even ancestral to jawed vertebrates, but the few characteristics they share with the latter are now considered as basal traits for all vertebrates.
Colonia Glacier
Colonia Glacier (Spanish: Glaciar Colonia or Ventisquero Colonia) is a valley glacier located in the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, Chile. The glacier spills out to the southeast from an ice plateau north of Cerro Arenales and has its terminus about 4 km (2.5 mi) from Colonia Lake. Colonia Glacier dams two lakes; Cachet II and Arco Lake. The ice dam containing the waters of Cachet II Lake fails regularly, which generates glacial lake outburst floods.

On March 31, 2012, for the second time that year, virtually all of the 200 million cubic meters of water in Lake Cachet II were lost in less than 24 hours as a result of perforations in the glacial wall, a consequence of rising temperatures driven by climate change. The lake has drained 11 times since 2008 and experts predict it will increase in frequency.

Cerro Arenales
Cerro Arenales is a heavily ice-covered mountain located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile, within Laguna San Rafael National Park. It towers over the southern part of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field. Arenales has a summit elevation of 3,437 meters (11276 feet) above sea level. Whether it is a volcano is controversial.
Piracy in the Caribbean
Piracy in the Caribbean refers to the historical period of widespread piracy that occurred in the Caribbean Sea. Primarily between the 1650s and 1730s, where pirates frequently attacked and robbed merchant ships sailing through the region, often using bases or islands like Port Royal. The era of piracy in the Caribbean began in the 1500s and phased out in the 1830s after the navies of the nations of Western Europe and North America with colonies in the Caribbean began hunting and prosecuting pirates. The period during which pirates were most successful was from the 1650s to the 1730s. Piracy flourished in the Caribbean because of the existence of pirate seaports such as Fort Saint Louis in Martinique, Port Royal in Jamaica, Castillo de la Real Fuerza in Cuba, Tortuga in Haiti, and Nassau in the Bahamas. Piracy in the Caribbean was part of a larger historical phenomenon of piracy, as it existed close to major trade and exploration routes in almost all the five oceans.

Castillo de la Real Fuerza
The Castillo de la Real Fuerza (Castle of the Royal Force) is a bastion fort on the western side of the harbour in Havana, Cuba, set back from the entrance, and bordering the Plaza de Armas. Originally built to defend against attack by pirates, it suffered from a poor location; it was too far inside the bay. The fort is considered to be the oldest stone fort in the Americas, and was listed in 1982 as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of "Old Havana and its Fortifications".
Christus Dolens (Bramantino)
Christus Dolens, also known as Christ as the Man of Sorrows, is a tempera-on-panel painting by the Italian Renaissance painter and architect Bramantino, executed c. 1490, housed in the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid. The original Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection acquired it in 1937 from Countess Teresa Soranza-Mocenigo. A similar work by Bramantino is held in the Museo della Certosa in Pavia.

The painting was recorded in the Della Porta Pusterla family collection in Milan in 1590, where it remained until the first quarter of the 20th century. It was published for the first time by Müller Walde in 1898 and various studies attributed it to Bramantino or Bramante. In 1905, William Suida was the first to suggest an attribution to Bramantino. Mulazzini dated the painting to 1490, early in Bramantino's career.

Certosa di Pavia
The Certosa di Pavia is a monastery complex in Lombardy, Northern Italy, situated near a small village of the same name in the Province of Pavia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Pavia. Built from 1396 to 1495, it was once located at the end of the Visconti Park a large hunting park and pleasure ground belonging to the Visconti dukes of Milan, of which today only scattered parts remain. It is one of the largest monasteries in Italy.

Certosa is the Italian translation of Charterhouse: a monastery of the cloistered monastic order of Carthusians founded by St. Bruno in 1044 at Grande Chartreuse. Though the Carthusians in their early centuries were known for their seclusion and asceticism and the plainness of their architecture, the Certosa is renowned for the exuberance of its architecture, in both the Gothic and Renaissance styles, and for its collection of artworks which are particularly representative of the region.
BMW K1200RS
The BMW K1200RS is a sport-touring motorcycle made by BMW.  The K1200RS is the last evolution of the BMW four-cylinder longitudinal engine, often referred to as the flying brick.  From 1996 to 2004 37,992 units were built at the BMW plant in Spandau Germany.

Spandau
Spandau (German: [ˈʃpandaʊ] ⓘ) is the westernmost of the 12 boroughs (Bezirke) of Berlin, situated at the confluence of the Havel and Spree rivers and extending along the western bank of the Havel. It is the smallest borough by population, but the fourth largest by land area.
Carabayo
The Carabayo (who perhaps call themselves Yacumo) are an uncontacted people of Colombia living in at least three long houses, known as malokas, along the Rio Puré (now the Río Puré National Park) in the southeastern corner of the country. They live in the Amazonas Department of Colombian Amazon rainforest, near the border with Brazil. They share the protected National Park with the Passé and Jumana people.

In the last 400 years, Carabayo people have had intermittent contact with outsiders, including violent attacks by slave traders and rubber extractors, resulting in their retreat from outside groups and increased isolation.

Amazonas Department, Colombia
Amazonas (Spanish pronunciation: [amaˈsonas]) is a department of Southern Colombia. It is the largest department in area while having the third smallest population among the departments. Its capital is Leticia and its name comes from the Amazon River, which drains the department.

It is made up entirely of Amazon Rainforest territory. The southern portion of the department, south of the Putumayo River, is called the "Amazonian Trapeze", which includes the triple border of Colombia, Peru and Brazil, and its southern limit is the Amazon River.
Mineralogical Society of America
The Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) is a scientific membership organization. MSA was founded in 1919 for the advancement of mineralogy, crystallography, geochemistry, and petrology, and promotion of their uses in other sciences, industry, and the arts. It encourages fundamental research about natural materials; supports the teaching of mineralogical concepts and procedures to students of mineralogy and related arts and sciences; and attempts to raise the scientific literacy of society with respect to issues involving mineralogy. The Society encourages the general preservation of mineral collections, displays, mineral localities, type minerals and scientific data. MSA represents the United States with regard to the science of mineralogy in any international context. The Society was incorporated in 1937 and approved as a nonprofit organization in 1959.

Scientific literacy
Scientific literacy or science literacy encompasses written, numerical, and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science, its methodology, observations, and theories.  Scientific literacy is chiefly concerned with an understanding of the scientific method, units and methods of measurement, empiricism and understanding of statistics in particular correlations and qualitative versus quantitative observations and aggregate statistics. It is also concerned with a basic understanding of core scientific fields, such as physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, geology and computation.
Grýla
In Icelandic folklore, Grýla is a monstrous entity who lives in the wilderness of Iceland. The name Grýla is first attested in medieval sources. The earliest unambiguous references to Grýla's gender and her association with Christmas, though, date only from the 17th century. In 17th-century poems about Grýla, she is generally represented as a hideous and greedy troll-like crone, who wanders between human settlements and demands charity from those she encounters, often asking for naughty children. Modern depictions of Grýla tend to focus more strongly on her role as the mother of the Yule Lads (Icelandic: jólasveinar). Today, the most monstrous aspects of her character and appearance (such as her appetite for children) are generally toned down for younger audiences.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Avsey
Avsey (Russian: Авсе́й) is a Russian male first name. There are several theories as to its origins. According to one, it is simply a colloquial variant of the name Yevsey. Another possibility is that "Avsey", as well as Asey (Асе́й) and Osey (Осе́й), are colloquial variants of the name Absey (Абсе́й), alternatively spelled Apsey (Апсей), which until the end of the 19th century was included into the official Synodal Menologium. Finally, it is possible that "Avsey" derives from the Old East Slavic word авсень or овсень (avsen or ovsen), meaning New Year's Eve, which in ancient times corresponded to the first day of spring.

The diminutive of "Avsey" is Avseyka (Авсе́йка).

The patronymics derived from "Avsey" are "Авсе́евич" (Avseyevich; masculine) and its colloquial form "Авсе́ич" (Avseich), and "Авсе́евна" (Avseyevna; feminine). The patronymics derived from "Absey" are "Абсе́евич" (Abseyevich; masculine) and "Абсе́евна" (Abseyevna; feminine).

Old East Slavic
Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian) was a language (or a group of dialects) used by the East Slavs from the 7th or 8th century to the 13th or 14th century, until it diverged into the Russian and Ruthenian languages. Ruthenian eventually evolved into the Belarusian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian languages.
Alavese dialect
Alavese (Basque: Arabako euskara, Spanish: vasco alavés) is an extinct dialect of the Basque language spoken formerly in Álava, one of the provinces of the Basque Country of Spain. The modern-day communities of Aramaio and Legutio along the northern border with Biscay do not speak the Alavese dialect but a variant of the Biscayan dialect instead, and while overall some 25% of people in Álava today are Basque speakers, the majority of these are speakers of Standard Basque who acquired Basque via the education system or moved there from other parts of the Basque Country.

Biscay
Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, ˈbɪski/ BISK-ay, BISK-ee; Basque: Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a]; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa]) is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector.
Opinion polling for the 1997 Polish parliamentary election
Opinion polling was carried out prior to the September 1997 parliamentary elections in Poland. CBOS polling showed a lead for Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) in late 1996 and early 1997, but a lead for Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) in the months immediately before the elections. The AWS ultimately emerged as the largest party in the elections, leading by a margin of 7%.

1997 Polish parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 21 September 1997. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The liberal conservative party Solidarity Electoral Action won the most seats in both chambers of parliament and formed a coalition government with the Freedom Union, another liberal party. The elections were a major setback for the Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party, which were forced out of government.