hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raipur, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency
Raipur was one of the original constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, created for the first elections of 1951. Centred on the historic city of Raipur, it remained a general (unreserved) single-member seat until the nationwide delimitation undertaken on the basis of the 1971 Census. Under the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 1976, Raipur Assembly constituency was dissolved with effect from the 1977 election cycle; its urban core was re-designated as Raipur Town while suburban and rural areas were redistributed among newly carved seats.

1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 26 March 1952. 1,122 candidates contested for the 184 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 48 two-member constituencies and 136 single-member constituencies, for a total of 232 seats. The Indian National Congress won a majority of seats and Ravishankar Shukla became the Chief Minister.

On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal state were merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division were transferred to Bombay State. Hence the constituencies were re-organized during 1957 elections.
Tapsel gate
A Tapsel gate is a type of wooden gate, unique to the English county of Sussex, which has a central pivot upon which it can rotate through 90° in either direction before coming to a stop at two fixed points.  It was named after a Sussex family of bell founders, one of whom invented it in the late 18th century.  Only six examples survive, all within a 10-mile (16 km) radius of Lewes, the county town of Sussex.  Tapsel gates have the dual advantage of keeping cattle out of churchyards and allowing the efficient passage of coffins carried to and from the church during burials.  The name sometimes is used more generally to describe swivelling gates of a similar design elsewhere.

Gate
A gate or gateway is a point of entry to or from a space enclosed by walls. The word is derived from Proto-Germanic *gatan, meaning an opening or passageway. Synonyms include yett (which comes from the same root word) and portal. The concept originally referred to the gap or hole in the wall or fence, rather than a barrier which closed it. Gates may prevent or control the entry or exit of individuals, or they may be merely decorative. The moving part or parts of a gateway may be considered "doors", as they are fixed at one side whilst opening and closing like one.

A gate might have a latch that can be raised and lowered to both open a gate or prevent it from swinging. Gate operation can be either automated or manual. Locks are also used on gates to increase security.

Larger gates can be used for a whole building, such as a castle or fortified town. Doors can also be considered gates when they are used to block entry as prevalent within a gatehouse.
Grégory Gabella
Grégory Gabella (born 22 June 1980 in Thonon-les-Bains) is a French high jumper.

He won the silver medal at the 1999 European Junior Championships, finished fifth at the 2001 European U23 Championships, won a joint bronze medal at the 2001 Mediterranean Games, finished ninth at the 2002 European Championships and won the bronze medal at the 2005 Mediterranean Games. He also competed at the 1998 World Junior Championships without reaching the final.

Gabella became French champion in 2004 and 2005 and French indoor champion in 2002 and 2003. His personal best was 2.30 metres, achieved in June 2002 in Annecy.

2005 Mediterranean Games
The XVth Mediterranean Games Almería 2005 (XV Juegos del Mediterráneo 2005 in Spanish), commonly known as the 2005 Mediterranean Games, were the 15th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Almería, Spain over 10 days, from 24 June to 3 July 2005, where 3,203 athletes (2,126 men and 1,077 women) from 21 countries participated. There were a total of 258 medal events from 27 different sports.
Maanu (actor)
Guttigeri Manappa (died 16 July 1996), known mononymously as Maanu, was an Indian actor, television director and author. He was most noted for his work in Kannada cinema. For his performance in Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane (1977), he received the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada at the 25th Filmfare Awards South.

Shimoga
Shimoga, officially Shivamogga (Kannada: [ʃiʋɐmoɡːɐ]), is a city and the district headquarters of Shimoga district in the Karnataka state of India. The city lies on the banks of the Tunga River. Being the gateway for the hilly region of the Western Ghats, the city is popularly nicknamed the "Gateway of Malnad". The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census. The city has been selected for the Smart Cities Mission standing in the fourth position in the state and 25th in the country as of November 2020.

The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capital Bangalore and 195 km from the port city Mangalore.
1868 Northumberland colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Northumberland in 1868 because Atkinson Tighe had been appointed Postmaster-General in the second Martin ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested.

Alexander Black was a former Crown Lands Commissioner, the brother of John Black, the former Secretary for Lands. He campaigned against an unpopular government. This was the first occasion on which he stood for parliament.

Postmaster-General of New South Wales
The Postmaster-General of New South Wales was a position in the government of the colony of New South Wales. This portfolio managed the postal department of the New South Wales Government and was in charge of all postal and communications services in the colony prior to the Federation of Australia, from 1835 to 1901. Upon Federation, Section 51(v) of the Constitution of Australia gave the Commonwealth exclusive power for "postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services".
Roll film
Roll film or rollfilm is any type of spool-wound photographic film protected from white light exposure by a paper backing. The term originated in contrast to sheet film. Roll film was originally often referred to as "cartridge" film because of its resemblance to a shotgun cartridge.

The opaque backing paper allows roll film to be loaded in daylight. It is typically printed with frame number markings that can be viewed through a small red window at the rear of the camera. A spool of roll film is usually loaded on one side of the camera and pulled across to an identical take-up spool on the other side of the shutter as exposures are made. When the roll is fully exposed, the take-up spool is removed for processing and the empty spool on which the film was originally wound is moved to the other side, becoming the take-up spool for the next roll of film.

Shutter (photography)
In photography, a shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period, exposing photographic film or a photosensitive digital sensor to light in order to capture a permanent image of a scene. A shutter can also be used to allow pulses of light to pass outwards, as seen in a movie projector or a signal lamp. A shutter of variable speed is used to control exposure time of the film. The shutter is constructed so that it automatically closes after a certain required time interval. The speed of the shutter is controlled either automatically by the camera based on the overall settings of the camera, manually through digital settings, or manually by a ring outside the camera on which various timings are marked.
Ferenc Esterházy (1533–1604)
Ferenc Esterházy de Galántha (English: Francis Esterházy of Galántha; 1533–1604) was a Hungarian noble, who served as Vice-ispán (Viscount; vicecomes) of Pozsony County since 1579. He was the ancestor of the wealthy and prestigious House of Esterházy.

Battle of Keresztes
The Battle of Keresztes (also known as the Battle of Mezőkeresztes) (Turkish: Haçova Muharebesi) took place on 24–26 October 1596. It was fought between a combined Habsburg-Transylvanian force and the Ottoman Empire near the village of Mezőkeresztes (Turkish: Haçova) in modern-day northern Hungary. The Ottomans routed the Habsburg-led army, but due to their own losses, they were unable to exploit their victory.
Chaise (river)
The Chaise (French pronunciation: [ʃɛz] ⓘ), also known as the Monthoux, is a 23.8 km long mountain river of eastern France. It flows through the departments Savoie and Haute-Savoie. It is a right tributary of the Arly which it joins in Ugine where, in the mid nineteenth century, it was crossed by a wooden bridge.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.
László Dús
László Dús (born 14 July 1941, Zalaegerszeg) is an Americanized Hungarian-born visual artist.  Dús is known for nonobjective Modernist prints.

Several of his prints are in the permanent collections of the U.S. National Gallery of Art.  Dús prints are also in the collections of the Renwick Gallery and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.  Dús prints are also in the collection of the Utah Museum of Fine Arts.

Typical subject matter is a blocky geometric color field composition with some shapes having "torn" edges.  Large-size prints are scarce. Park West Gallery leader Albert Scaglione (also specializing in Pablo Picasso and Pierre-Auguste Renoir), was a major booster of the artist.

Utah Museum of Fine Arts
The Utah Museum of Fine Arts (UMFA) is a state and university art museum located in downtown Salt Lake City on the University of Utah campus. Housed in the Marcia and John Price Museum Building near Rice-Eccles Stadium, the museum holds a permanent collection of nearly 20,000 art objects. Works of art are displayed on a rotating basis.
German submarine U-904
German submarine U-904 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 16 July 1942, and was laid down on 10 September 1942 at Flender Werke AG, Lübeck, as yard number 330. She was launched on 7 August 1943 and commissioned under the command of Leutnant zur See Detlev Fritz on 25 September 1943.

Flender Werke
Flender Werke was a German shipbuilding company, located in Lübeck. It was founded in 1917 as a branch of Brückenbau Flender AG of Benrath on the Rhine. In 1926, it became a fully independent business and was renamed Lübecker Flenderwerke AG. It went on to become one of the largest shipyards in Germany, building nearly 700 ships in all.
Lake Rotopokaka
Lake Rotopokaka is a dune lake in the Far North District of New Zealand. It is adjacent to Tokerau Beach on the east coast of the Karikari Peninsula. The lake is also known as 'Coca Cola lake' as the peat and tannins in the water give the lake a distinct 'cola' colour.

The lake has no inflows or outflows. The surrounding catchment is a mixture of mānuka scrub, pōhutukawa, cabbage trees and flax.

The lake is a popular recreation area and can be accessed off Ramp Road.

Pōhutukawa
Pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), also known as the New Zealand Christmas tree, or iron tree, is a coastal evergreen tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that produces a brilliant display of red (or occasionally orange, yellow or white) flowers, each consisting of a mass of stamens. The pōhutukawa is one of twelve Metrosideros species endemic to New Zealand. Renowned for its vibrant colour and its ability to survive even perched on rocky, precarious cliffs, it has found an important place in New Zealand culture for its strength and beauty, and is regarded as a chiefly tree (rākau rangatira) by Māori.
Thomas H. Brown (Michigan politician)
Thomas H. Brown (July 29, 1917 - August 24, 2002) was a Democratic politician who served in the Michigan House of Representatives and as the first mayor of Westland, Michigan.

A native of Indiana, Brown moved to Michigan and served in several elected offices in Nankin Township before the township was incorporated as the City of Westland. He was elected its first mayor.

In 1970, Brown was elected to the first of six terms in the House, where he chaired the chamber's Towns and Counties Committee.

Brown was member of the Lions, the Knights of Columbus, Amvets, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. He was a delegate to the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago which nominated Hubert H. Humphrey for President of the United States.

Brown died of cancer on August 24, 2002, aged 85.

Nankin Township, Michigan
Nankin Township is a former township of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  It was bordered on the north by Joy Road, the east by Inkster Road, the south by Van Born Road, and the west by Hannan Road.
Cemetery Hill
Cemetery Hill is a landform on the Gettysburg Battlefield that was the scene of fighting each day of the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863). The northernmost part of the Army of the Potomac defensive "fish-hook" line, the hill is gently sloped and provided a site for American Civil War artillery (cf. the heavily wooded, adjacent Culp's Hill).

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Jockey Club (Atlantic City, New Jersey)
The Jockey Club was a jazz club at 7 South North Carolina Avenue in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States.

It was one of the oldest jazz venues in the city, operating since the 1920s. According to author Michael Pollock it was "home to mellow jazz musicians and tired prostitutes". Guitarist Pat Martino notes that Jimmy Smith and Kenny Burrell would frequently play at the club. It was at the Jockey Club that he had first seen Jimmy Smith with Charles Earland.

The Jockey Club was destroyed by a fire in September 1982. The club had previously been closed for years and was reopened in May 1982.

Jimmy Smith (musician)
James Oscar Smith (December 8, 1928 – February 8, 2005) was an American jazz musician who helped popularize the Hammond B-3 organ, creating a link between jazz and 1960s soul music.

In 2005, Smith was awarded the NEA Jazz Masters Award from the National Endowment for the Arts, the highest honor that America bestows upon jazz musicians.
2018 Reinert Open – Doubles
Katharina Gerlach and Julia Wachaczyk were the defending champions, but they lost to Amina Anshba and Albina Khabibulina in the quarterfinals.

Pemra Özgen and Despina Papamichail won the title, defeating Olga Danilović and Nina Stojanović in the final, 1–6, 6–2, [10–4].

Albina Khabibulina
Albina Khabibulina (born 11 May 1992) is a former professional tennis player and member of the Uzbekistan Fed Cup team. She is of Tatar descent.

On 4 July 2011, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of 492, whilst her best doubles ranking was 208 on 4 August 2014.

Playing for the Uzbekistan Fed Cup team, Khabibulina has a win-loss record of 11–13.

As of November 2019, Khabibulina has been provisionally suspended by the Tennis Integrity Unit.
Flood (Baxter novel)
Flood is a 2008 work of hard science fiction by English author Stephen Baxter. It describes a near future world where deep submarine seismic activity leads to seabed fragmentation, and the opening of deep subterranean reservoirs of water. Human civilisation is almost destroyed by the rising inundation, which covers Mount Everest in 2052. Baxter issued a sequel to this work, entitled Ark, in 2009.

Flood was nominated for the British Science Fiction Award in 2008.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Xandra Velzeboer
Xandra Velzeboer (born 7 September 2001) is a Dutch short track speed skater. Velzeboer won a gold medal in the 500 metres at the 2026 Winter Olympics, setting a world record in the semi-finals, as well as a gold medal in the 1000 metres. She was a member of the gold-medal-winning 3,000 metre relay women's short track team at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Velzeboer is the older sister of Michelle Velzeboer, also a short track speed skater, who won the silver medal in the girls' 500 metres at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics. Monique Velzeboer, 1988 Olympic gold medalist, is her aunt.

Velzeboer is a former student of the University of Groningen.

University of Groningen
The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen, Netherlands. Founded in 1614, the university is the second oldest in the country (after Leiden).

The University of Groningen has eleven faculties, nine graduate schools, 27 research centres and institutes, and more than 175-degree programmes. The university's alumni and faculty include Johann Bernoulli, Aletta Jacobs, four Nobel Prize winners, nine Spinoza Prize winners, one Stevin Prize winner, various members of the Dutch royal family, several politicians, the first president of the European Central Bank, and a secretary general of NATO.
Joseph Tezanos
Joseph L. Tezanos (born José Tezanos, July 6, 1920 – March 21, 1985) was the first American of Hispanic descent to join the United States Coast Guard's reserve officer ranks.
During World War II Tezanos served as a gunner's mate aboard LST-20 during the invasions of Kiska, Alaska, Tarawa Atoll, Kwajalein Atoll, and in the Gilbert Islands.  For participation in ad hoc rescue efforts on May 21, 1944 following a devastating explosion of ammunition back at Pearl Harbor that earned him a Navy & Marine Corps Medal for distinguished heroism. It was following the receipt of this medal that Tezanos was sent to a four-month officer training school. Following his commissioning Tezanos spent a year as a junior officer aboard the transport USS Joseph T. Dickman.

He was demobilized in early 1946, attending college and graduate school.  Upon graduation he became a successful international businessman. Tezanos is interred at Arlington National Cemetery.

Tarawa
Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the Micronesia region of the central Pacific Ocean. It comprises North Tarawa, which has 6,629 inhabitants and much in common with other more remote islands of the Gilbert group, and South Tarawa, which has 56,388 inhabitants as of 2015, half of the country's total population. The atoll was the site of the Battle of Tarawa during World War II.
Al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah
Al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah (Arabic: الطيبة الغربية, also spelled Teiba or Tayibeh al-Gharbiyeh) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, northwest of Homs. Nearby localities include al-Shinyah to the southwest, al-Qabu to the south, Sharqliyya to the southeast, Taldou to the east, Kafr Laha and Tell Dahab to the northeast, Qarmas and Aqrab to the north, Qasraya to the northwest and Khunayzir to the west. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah had a population of 4,086 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants today are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Aqrab
Aqrab (Arabic: عقرب, also spelled Akrab; Turkish: Akrep) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, under the Hama District, in the Hirbnafsah sub district, located southwest of Hama at the governorate border with Homs. Nearby localities include Nisaf and Baarin to the west, Awj to the southwest, Qarmas to the south, Taldou and Houla to the southeast, Talaf and the subdistrict (nahiyah) center Hirbnafsah to the east, Bisin and Jidrin to the northeast and al-Bayyadiyah to the northwest.
Tristan Leyds
Tristan Leyds (born 24 May 1997) is a South African rugby union player for the Western Province in the Currie Cup. His regular position is wing or fullback.

Leyds was named in the Stormers squad for the Super Rugby Unlocked campaign. He made his debut for Western Province in Round 3 of the 2020 Currie Cup Premier Division against Pumas.

He competed for South Africa at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. They defeated Australia to win the bronze medal final.

Pumas (Currie Cup)
The Pumas are a South African professional rugby union team that competes in the Premier Division of the Currie Cup. The team draws their players from Mpumalanga Province (formerly known as the South Eastern Transvaal) and plays at the Mbombela Stadium in Mbombela, having previously also played at the Puma Stadium in Witbank.

The Pumas are a well supported team throughout Mpumalanga Province, with large fan bases located in Witbank, Middelburg, Ermelo and Mbombela.
Richard Leslie (actor)
Richard Leslie was an actor in theater and then Vitagraph short comedy films from 1912 to 1916. He was listed among Vitagraph's "Prominent Personages" in  1915 newspaper advertorial. He wrote that he worked for a tea company before become interested in theater.

He wrote in 1916 in a Motion Picture Classic illustrated article that he was born 33 years prior in Liverpool, England and became make-up manager for the Vitagraph Company. He described himself as Vitagraph's official "drunk, parson, and butler. He reportedly made up 738 people for Lincoln's Speech at Gettysburg and 500 for The Little Minister. He wrote about the difference between makeup for staged performances and film. He also discussed the use of color on film sets and makeup to achieve affects. He recommended the eyes of Irish brunettes for their luminosity, which he stated could not be recreated on film with makeup.

Actress Gladys Leslie was his sister.

Gladys Leslie
Gladys Leslie Moore (March 5, 1899 – October 2, 1976) was an American actress in silent film, active in the 1910s and 1920s. She had a number of starring roles from 1917 to the early 1920s and was one of the young female stars of her day.