hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niebla versiforma
Niebla versiforma is a rare fruticose lichen that grows on gravelly soil along the foggy Pacific Coast of Baja California on a mesa above San Antonio del Mar just north of Punta Colonet.  The epithet, versiforma is in reference to the various shapes of a thallus branch.

Punta Colonet
Punta Colonet (Chuwílo Ksaay (dry arroyo) in the Kiliwa language) is a town located in Ensenada Municipality, Baja California, Mexico. Located 115 km (71 mi) south of the city of Ensenada, the community is located in an agriculturally productive region of Baja California spurred on by its location along Mexican Federal Highway 1 and proximity to agricultural markets in the United States.
Ellsworth Hunt Augustus
Ellsworth Hunt "Gus" Augustus was an American businessman, banker, investor, industrialist, serviceman, athlete, and welfare volunteer from Cleveland, Ohio. He served the Boy Scouts of America locally as the president of the Greater Cleveland Council, regionally as the chairman of Region 4 (Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky), and nationally as its tenth National president. He lived in Waite Hill, Ohio, with his wife Elizabeth Good "Betty" Augustus, until his death in May 1964. Augustus and his wife had four children, Daneen, Albert Anthony Augustus II, Elizabeth (Betsy), and Margaret (Peggy).

SS America (1939)
SS America was an ocean liner and cruise ship built in the United States in 1940 for the United States Lines and designed by the noted American naval architect William Francis Gibbs. It carried many names in the 54 years between its construction and its 1994 wreck: SS America (carrying this name three different times during its career); troop transport USS West Point; and SS Australis, Italis, Noga, Alferdoss, and American Star. It served most notably in passenger service as America and the Greek-flagged Australis.

Sold with the intention of being refitted to become a hotel ship, while being towed to Thailand she was wrecked as American Star at Playa de Garcey on Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands on 18 January 1994. The wreck deteriorated and completely collapsed into the sea. By 2024 it was no longer visible on the ocean surface and had become an artificial reef.
James Andrews (clergyman)
James E. Andrews (December 29, 1928 – March 7, 2006) was an American Presbyterian minister who served as Stated Clerk of the Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS) from 1973 until its 1983 reunion, and then as Stated Clerk of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) from 1983 to 1996. He facilitated the 1983 merger of the PCUS and the United Presbyterian Church in the United States (UPCUSA).

Presbyterian Church in the United States
The Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS, originally Presbyterian Church in the Confederate States of America) was a Protestant denomination in the Southern and border states of the United States that existed from 1861 to 1983. That year, it merged with the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (UPCUSA) to form the Presbyterian Church (USA).
Gies Kerzen
Gies Kerzen GmbH a German manufacturer of candles and is one of the largest candle makers in Europe.  It was founded in 1899 by Adam Joseph Gies under the name Wachsindustrie Fulda Adam Gies (Adam Gies wax works at Fulda).  In 1921, a second facility was constructed in the village of Bergedorf, Hamburg under the name Gebrüder Gies (Gies Brothers).  In 1965, the headquarters were moved to Glinde, Schleswig-Holstein.  Today, the company is owned by the Swedish firm ALG Holding A.B. and has five European factories.  It has 500 employees and annual sales of €100 million.

Fulda
Fulda (German pronunciation: [ˈfʊlda] ⓘ; historically in English called Fuld) is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (Kreis). In 1990 the city hosted the 30th Hessentag state festival.
Winmar
Winmar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dallas Winmar (fl. 2001–2008), Australian playwright

Nicholas Winmar (born 1991), Australian rules footballer

Nicky Winmar (born 1965), Australian rules footballer

Dallas Winmar
Dallas Winmar is a Western Australian writer who first worked with Company B in 2001 on the staging of her play Aliwa!. This play was first showcased in Perth by Yirra Yaakin Noongar Theatre and developed at the Australian National Playwrights Conference in 1999 and 2000.

She was commissioned by Kooemba Jdarra Indigenous Performing Arts to write Skin Deep for their 2000 program. Yibiyung, her third play, was workshopped at the Australian National Playwrights Conference in 2006 and the PlayWriting Australia National Script Workshop in 2007.

Dallas was jointly awarded the Kate Challis RAKA Award in 2002 for Aliwa! (alongside Jane Harrison for Stolen). Aliwa! was also shortlisted for the script category of the Western Australian Premier's Book Awards, and nominated for commendation for the Louis Esson Prize for Drama shortlist in 2003.

Winmar again won the Kate Challis RAKA Award in 2008 for Yibiyung.
Lasiopetalum ferrugineum
Lasiopetalum ferrugineum, commonly known as rusty velvet-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family and is endemic to eastern Australia. Growing up to a metre tall, much of the plant is covered in rusty hairs. It is found in forest and heathland.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Tornado outbreak of March 27, 1890
On Thursday, March 27, 1890, a major tornado outbreak struck the Middle Mississippi Valley. To this day, this outbreak is still one of the deadliest tornado events in United States history. At least 24 significant tornadoes, several of which were generated by cyclic supercells, were recorded to have spawned from this system, and at least 187 people were killed by tornadoes that day, including a devastating F4 tornado that struck Downtown Louisville, Kentucky, killing at least 115 people and injuring at least 200 others. Five other violent tornadoes occurred elsewhere, including a long-tracked F4 tornado family that crossed two states, killing 21 people and injuring 200, and two other F4s that killed 14 altogether. A pair of F3s near the Tennessee–Kentucky state line may have killed a combined 37 people.

Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; /fuˈdʒiːtə/), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale, named for the meteorologist Ted Fujita, was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
Bananaphone
Bananaphone is a children's album released by Raffi and Michael Creber in 1994. The album is best known for its title track, which uses puns  such as "It's a phone with appeal!" (a peel) and nonce words like "bananular" and "interactive-odular" as Raffi extols the virtues of his unique telephone.

The song "C-A-N-A-D-A" was originally recorded by Stompin' Tom Connors under the title "Cross Canada".

The album was certified Gold by the CRIA in March 2002.

Pun
A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.

Puns have a long history in writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.
National Environment Management Authority of Kenya
The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) is the Kenyan government agency responsible for the management of the environment and environmental policy. It is a Semi-Autonomous Government Agency (SAGA) within the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The Authority works closely with international organizations such as UNEP, UNDP, and DANIDA. Since its establishment, NEMA has implemented three strategic plans to improve the environmental landscape of Kenya.

Danish International Development Agency
Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) is the brand used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark when it provides humanitarian aid and development assistance to other countries, with focus on developing countries. There is no distinct Danida organisation within the Ministry.

According to the OECD, Denmark’s total official development assistance (ODA) (USD 2.9 billion) increased in 2022 due to in-donor refugee costs. It represented 0.7% of gross national income (GNI). Most of Denmark’s official development assistance (ODA) is provided as bilateral co-operation, primarily to fragile partner countries in Africa.
Murodov
Murodov (masculine) or Murodova (feminine) is a patronymic surname derived from the given name Murod. Notable people with the surname include:

Akmal Murodov, Tajikistani judoka

Azizbek Murodov, Uzbek wrestler

Jurabek Murodov, Tajik singer and songwriter

Botir Murodov, Olympic rower

Khovar Muradov, Tajik singer

Otabek Murodov

Usta Shirin Murodov

Jurabek Murodov
Jurabek Murodov (sometimes spelled Jurabek Muradov) (Tajik: Ҷӯрабек Муродов, Russian: Джурабек Муродов) is a Tajik singer and songwriter. He is a People's Artist of Tajikistan and People's Artist of USSR (1979).
Daniel Claus
Christian Daniel Claus (1727—1787) was a Deputy Agent in the British Indian Department and a prominent Loyalist during the American Revolution.

He was born September 13, 1727, at Bönnigheim, Württemberg the son of Adam Frederic Claus and his wife Anna Dorothea. He arrived in America in 1749. In 1755, he was made a Lieutenant in the Indian Department and a Deputy Secretary of Indian Affairs.

He had lived with Joseph Brant and the Mohawks for a while and could speak their language.

In September 1775, he was replaced as the deputy superintendent by Major John Campbell. In November, Daniel Claus sailed to London to appeal his case before the British House of Lords. He was given the post of deputy confined to working with the Iroquois refugees in Canada. In August, 1777, he was appointed as agent of the Six Nations Indians by Frederick Haldimand.

He died November 9, 1787, near Cardiff, Wales.

Württemberg
Württemberg (/ˈwɜːrtəmbɜːrɡ, ˈvɜːrt-/ WURT-əm-burg, VURT-; German: [ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart.

Together with Baden and Hohenzollern, two other historical territories, Württemberg now forms the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg. Württemberg was formerly also spelled Würtemberg and Wirtemberg.
Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy
The Plumian chair of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy is one of the major professorships in Astronomy at Cambridge University, alongside the Lowndean Professorship (which is now mainly held by mathematicians). The chair is currently held at the Institute of Astronomy in the University. The Plumian chair was founded in 1704 by Thomas Plume, a member of Christ's College and Archdeacon of Rochester, to "erect an Observatory and to maintain a studious and learned Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy, and to buy him and his successors utensils and instruments quadrants telescopes etc."

Trustees were appointed, and statutes drawn up by Isaac Newton, John Flamsteed and John Ellys. The first Professorship was awarded in 1706 to Roger Cotes, a former student of Newton, and the stipend was increased in 1768 by Dr Robert Smith, the second Plumian Professor.

Christ's College, Cambridge
Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college includes the master, the fellows of the college, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its modern form.

Alumni of the college include the poet John Milton, the naturalist Charles Darwin, as well as the Nobel Laureates Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd, Duncan Haldane, and John Clarke. The Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.
Hamon le Strange
Sir Hamon le Strange (c. 1583 – 31 May 1654) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1626. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. His family were Norfolk gentry long based at their manor of Hunstanton.

Hunstanton
Hunstanton (sometimes pronounced /ˈhʌnstən/ ⓘ) is a seaside town and civil parish in Norfolk, England, which had a population of 4,370 at the 2021 census. It faces west across The Wash. Hunstanton lies 102 miles  (164 km) north-north-east of London and 40 miles (64 km) north-west of Norwich.
Flacourtia inermis
Flacourtia inermis, known commonly as lovi-lovi, or batoko plum, is a species of flowering plant native to the Philippines and Indonesia, but which has naturalized around the edges of tropical Asia and Africa. Common names in Indonesia include tome-tome (Ternate, North Maluku), tomi-tomi (Ambon, Maluku), lovi-lovi, and lobi-lobi.

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Carol Klimpel
Carol Klimpel (born March 30, 1963) is a female former freestyle swimmer from Canada, who was chosen to represent her native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, but did not participate because of the United States-led boycott.  She did compete at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, and won a silver medal at the 1979 Pan American Games with the women's relay team.  At the 1978 Commonwealth Games, she won gold medals in the 100-metre freestyle and 4×100-metre freestyle and 4×100-metre medley relays.

In 2019 Klimpel and her husband John appeared on the home show Property Brothers
featuring their purchase and remodelling of a lakefront house on Old Hickory Lake near Nashville, Tennessee.

1978 Commonwealth Games
The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, from 3 to 12 August, two years after the 1976 Summer Olympics was held in Montreal, Quebec. They were boycotted by Nigeria, in protest at New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, as well as by Uganda, in protest at alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi Amin. The Bid Election was held at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

This was the first Commonwealth Games where a computerized system was used to handle ticket sales. This was the first Commonwealth Games to be named under the current title as Commonwealth Games, having dropped British. The Games were opened by Queen Elizabeth II for the first time since becoming Queen in 1952.
Star Magic Presents
Star Magic Presents is a Philippine television drama anthology series broadcast by ABS-CBN. It aired from July 29, 2006 to May 10, 2008.  and was replaced by Wonder Mom. The show features artists from Star Magic, the talent management agency of ABS-CBN.

In an interview, Star Magic Director Johnny Manahan explained that the show's main goal was "to provide a platform whereby the agency’s fresh, yet unknown talents can shine in tandem with its more established stars. Each week, a new face is paired with an established artist, the better to remind the older stars of their responsibility to help their younger brothers and sisters."

In the Philippines, this program airs on Saturday at 10 a.m-11 a.m. in Metro Manila. (Timeslot may vary in some areas) It is also broadcast worldwide on TFC: The Filipino Channel.

Johnny Manahan
Juan "Johnny" Ledesma Manahan (born February 11, 1947), also known as Mr. M, is a Filipino film and television director, actor, talent manager, and screenwriter. He is known for scouting and managing actors, having been served as VP and managing director for ABS-CBN's Star Magic (formerly the Talent Center) and head of ABS-CBN Studios until 2020, as well as the former senior vice-president of ABS-CBN. Manahan worked as a consultant for Sparkle, GMA Network's talent management arm, until 2025.
Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ ⓘ, US also /-lɪ-/) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, to the base letter. Palatalization is not phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian; Uralic languages such as Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Enets and Mansi; Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; and other various languages such as Irish, Lithuanian, Marshallese and Kashmiri.

Enets language
Enets (Forest Enets: Онэй база) is a Samoyedic language of Northern Siberia spoken on the Lower Yenisei within the boundaries of the Taimyr Municipality District, a subdivision of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation.  Enets belongs to the Northern branch of the Samoyedic languages, in turn a branch of the Uralic language family.
Coast Guard Base Ketchikan
Coast Guard Base Ketchikan is a major shore installation of the United States Coast Guard located in Ketchikan, Alaska. The base is a homeport for two Sentinel-class cutters and a buoy tender, and is the only Coast Guard dry dock in the state. Located one mile south of the city's downtown area along the southwestern shore of Revillagigedo Island, the base was originally established in 1920 to support the United States Lighthouse Service and became part of the Coast Guard in 1940. In addition to the homeported cutters, Base Ketchikan's maintenance facilities support forward-deployed cutters throughout Southeast Alaska, in Petersburg, Juneau and Sitka.

Sentinel-class cutter
The Sentinel-class cutter, also known as the Fast Response Cutter or FRC due to its program name, is part of the United States Coast Guard's Deepwater program. At 154 feet (46.8 m), it is similar to, but larger than, the 123-foot (37 m) lengthened 1980s-era Island-class patrol boats that it replaces. At least 77 vessels are to be built by the Louisiana-based firm Bollinger Shipyards, using a design from the Netherlands-based Damen Group, with the Sentinel design based on the company's Damen Stan 4708 patrol vessel.  The Department of Homeland Security's budget proposal to Congress, for the Coast Guard, for 2021, stated that, in addition to 58 vessels to serve the Continental US, they requested an additional six vessels for its portion of Patrol Forces Southwest Asia.
Farah Garad
The Farah Garad or the Garad Farah (Somali: Faarax Garaad, Arabic: فارح جراد, Full Name: ’Farah Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti ) is a Somali clan which is part of the Dhulbahante clan-family, a sub-division of the larger Harti/Darod clan. The Farah Garad are divided into two sub-clans — Yassin Garad and Abdalla Garad.  Abdalla has four clan eponyms, Ahmed Garad, Mohamed Garad (Baharsame), Guled Garad (Barkad) and Ali Garad. They are largely significant in Sool and Togdheer regions of Somaliland, and Dollo in Somali region of Ethiopia.

Garad Jama Garad Ali is concurrently the Garad of Farah Garad and the supreme Garad of Dhulbahante.

Afbakayle
Afbakayle is a 1905 poem by the Sayid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan made while he was in exile. The poem is a political poem which primarily deals with the topic of treachery and two-facedness, known as jeesjeesnimo in Somali. According to scholar Abdulqadir Sheik Abdi, the poem is a direct denunciation of those described as "friendly tribes" by the British, whom he describes as the Sayid's sworn arch-enemies. A repeated mantra in the poem used to describe the Somali colonial collaborators is naga ajoon waayey, meaning won't even flinch.

The poem Afbakayle is named after the first ever confrontation between the British colonial army and Darawiish. Afbakayle was a week-long battle of which the first phase pitted the Jama Siad Dhulbahante clan under a Darawiish banner against a British force under major Beynon.
Nurminen
Nurminen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aili Nurminen, (1896–1972), Finnish meteorologist

Ilmari Nurminen, Finnish politician

Jari Nurminen (born 1961), Finnish racing driver

Julius Nurminen (1887–1918), Finnish journalist and politician

Jyrki Nurminen (born 1990), Finnish beach volleyball player

Kai Nurminen (born 1969), Finnish ice hockey player

Kerttu Nurminen (born 1943), Finnish designer and glass artist

Pasi Nurminen (born 1975), Finnish ice hockey player

Simo Nurminen (born 1949), Finnish orienteer

Uno Nurminen (1895–1972), Finnish trade unionist, civil servant and politician

Julius Nurminen
Julius Ivar Nurminen (9 June 1887 – 24 July 1918) was a Finnish journalist and politician, born in Sääksmäki. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1916 to 1918, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He was imprisoned in 1918 for having sided with the Reds during the Finnish Civil War. He died in detention at the Tammisaari prison camp, Ekenäs.
Barb Bond
Barbara Bond (born August 9, 1962) is an American former rugby union player. She captained the United States at the first Women's Rugby World Cup in 1991. They defeated England 19-6 in the final to claim the 1991 World Cup. She also participated at the 1994, and 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup.

1998 Women's Rugby World Cup
The 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup was the first world cup fully sanctioned by the International Rugby Board (IRB) and the third Women's Rugby World Cup in history. The tournament took place in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands and was the first women's world cup held outside of the United Kingdom.

The tournament saw a record 16 teams compete and heightened media attention. There was no qualification process, teams taking part by invitation from the IRB. New Zealand defeated the United States 44–12 in the final.

Several matches in the tournament were filmed for television and a one-hour TV highlights programme was produced by IMG. These recordings are held as part of the IRB's World Cup Archive.