hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Memorial Tunnel
The Memorial Tunnel is a 2,802 feet (854 m) two-lane vehicular tunnel that formerly carried the West Virginia Turnpike through/under Paint Creek Mountain in Standard, West Virginia in Kanawha County.  Closed to interstate traffic since 1987, the tunnel served as the Center for National Response for military first responders to train for various situations that may arise in such a location without alarming the general public. In 2020, the Center for National Response ceased operations at the tunnel. In February 2022, an agreement was made between the West Virginia Adjutant General's office and a local farmer to utilize the facility to grow mushrooms.

Fungiculture
Fungiculture is the cultivation of fungi such as mushrooms. Cultivating fungi can yield foods (which include mostly mushrooms), medicine, construction materials and other products. A mushroom farm is involved in the business of growing fungi.

The word is also commonly used to refer to the practice of cultivation of fungi by animals such as leafcutter ants, termites, ambrosia beetles, and marsh periwinkles.
Kauko Hjerppe
Kauko Kustaa Hjerppe (19 May 1926 – 20 June 1996) was a Finnish politician, born in Savitaipale. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1966 to 1972 and from 1975 to 1978, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). Hjerppe was a member of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP). He served as minister of transport from 30 November 1975 to 29 September 1976. He was the governor of Kuopio Province from 1978 to 1993. He was a presidential elector in the 1968 and 1978 presidential elections.

Savitaipale
Savitaipale (Finnish: [ˈsɑʋiˌtɑi̯pɑle]; literally translated the "clay passage") is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the South Karelia region. The municipality has a population of 3,151 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 690.56 square kilometres (266.63 sq mi) of which 150.81 km2 (58.23 sq mi) is water. The population density is 5.84 inhabitants per square kilometre (15.1/sq mi).

The bastionné line of the coat of arms refers to Savitaipale's position as a border keeper in the period between the Treaty of Åbo (Turku) concluded in 1743 and the border review carried out in 1812. The plough in the coat of arms refers to the local agriculture in the region. The coat of arms was designed by Viljo Savikurki, and the Savitaipale municipal council approved it on January 2, 1953. The Ministry of the Interior approved the coat of arms for use on March 3 of the same year.
Sobolevsky (rural locality)
Sobolevsky (Russian: Соболевский; masculine), Sobolevskaya (Соболевская; feminine), or Sobolevskoye (Соболевское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Sobolevsky, Krasnodar Krai, a khutor in Prikubansky Rural Okrug of Slavyansky District of Krasnodar Krai

Sobolevsky, Mari El Republic, a settlement in Azyakovsky Rural Okrug of Medvedevsky District of the Mari El Republic

Sobolevskoye, a selo in Verkhneuslonsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan

Sobolevskaya, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Bestuzhevsky Selsoviet of Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Slavyansky District
Slavyansky District (Russian: Славя́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 2,179 square kilometers (841 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Slavyansk-na-Kubani (which is not administratively a part of the district).
Armbrust (surname)
Armbrust is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Armbrust (born 1963), Canadian rower

E. Virginia Armbrust Biological oceanographer

Heather Armbrust (born 1977), American professional bodybuilder

Orville Armbrust (1908–1967), Major League Baseball pitcher

Tobin Armbrust, American film producer

Fictional characters:

Armbrust, a character of the anime series Kiddy Grade

Crow Armbrust, character from hit video game series Trails.

Places

Armbrust, Pennsylvania

Other

Armbrust cup, an emergency hydration device

Atmospheric water generator
An atmospheric water generator (AWG), is a device that extracts water from humid ambient air, producing potable water. Water vapor in the air can be extracted either by condensation - cooling the air below its dew point, exposing the air to desiccants, using membranes that only pass water vapor, collecting fog, or pressurizing the air. AWGs are useful where potable water is difficult to obtain, because water is always present in ambient air. In dense urban areas, the same mesh technology can be incorporated directly into façades and roofs so that the building envelope itself harvests fog; systems that use this approach are called Building-integrated fog collectors.

AWG may require significant energy inputs, or operate passively, relying on natural temperature differences. Biomimicry studies found that the Onymacris unguicularis beetle has the ability to perform this task.

One study reported that AWGs could help provide potable water to one billion people.
Olena Bilan
Olena Bilan (Ukrainian: Олена Білан) is a Ukrainian economist. She is a Chief Economist at the Dragon Capital (since 2009), a Ukraine's leading investment bank, joining in 2006.
She is a member of the board of directors for Kyiv School of Economics (since 2016).
Olena Bilan was named a top-three analyst in the Ukrainian financial market in the Thomson Reuters Extel survey of global institutional investors in 2013 and 2014.
She collaborates with the Ministry of Finance.

In 2002, she graduated with honors from the then Kyiv School of Economics (KSE). She was a student of Professor Serhiy Korablin. Her thesis was called "Investigating Liquidity Effect in the Ukrainian Interbank Market".
She also graduated from the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute in 2002.

She is a member of the Editorial Board for VoxUkraine.

Bilan's expertise has been noted or her opinion quoted in the BBC, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Ukrinform, Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal, Reuters.

Ukrinform
The National News Agency of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Українське національне інформаційне агентство), or Ukrinform (Ukrainian: Укрінформ), is a state information and news agency, and international broadcaster of Ukraine. It was founded in 1918 during the Ukrainian War of Independence as the Bureau of Ukrainian Press (BUP). The first director of the agency was Dmytro Dontsov, when the agency name was The Ukrainian Telegraph Agency.

Ukrinform is Ukraine's representative of the European Alliance of News Agencies (EANA) and the Black Sea Association of National News Agencies (BSANNA).

Ukrinform delivers news stories in Ukrainian, Russian, English, German, Spanish, French, Japanese, and Polish.
Council House, Coventry
The Council House, Coventry in Coventry, England, is a Tudor Revival style city hall building which is the home of Coventry City Council and the seat of local government. It was built in the early 20th century. It is a Grade II-listed building.

Seat of government
A seat of government is a "building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". When referring to a city, the seat of government is generally the capital of the state or administrative entity in question, although there are exceptions. Particular terms for the seat of certain territorial subdivisions are administrative centre, county seat (common in the United States), county town (United Kingdom and Ireland), or barrio-pueblo (Puerto Rico), among others; buildings that may function as seats of government include official residences, supreme court buildings, city or town halls, administrative or executive buildings, shire or county halls, legislative buildings, and barangay halls.
Frantz Massenat
Jean Frantz Massenat Jr. (born January 17, 1992) is an American-Haitian professional basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the Drexel Dragons. In his collegiate career at Drexel University, He was named to the First Team All-CAA following the 2011–12 season as a sophomore, leading the Drexel Dragons to 2012 CAA men's basketball tournament where they were narrowly defeated by Virginia Commonwealth University.  Massenat started in every game of his collegiate career at Drexel.  Following his senior season, he ranked sixth on Drexel's career scoring list with 1,646 points, and his 548 career assists ranked third all-time at Drexel and ninth in CAA history.

2012 CAA men's basketball tournament
The 2012 Colonial Athletic Association men's basketball tournament was held March 2–5 at the Richmond Coliseum in Richmond, VA to crown a champion of the Colonial Athletic Association. The tournament winner, Virginia Commonwealth University, received an automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA tournament
Border Crossing/Cruzando el Rio Bravo
Border Crossing/Cruzando el Rio Bravo, or Border Crossing (Cruzando el Rio Bravo), is a sculpture by Luis Jiménez. It depicts a Mexican man carrying his wife and their baby on his shoulders as they cross the Rio Grande.

One fiberglass copy, completed in 1989, was purchased by the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego and the San Diego Museum of Art and installed in the May S. Marcy Sculpture Garden. Others are part of the collections of the Blanton Museum of Art (Austin, Texas), the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and the New Mexico Museum of Art (Santa Fe, New Mexico). Two others are installed at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa, and The University of Texas at San Antonio.

University of Texas at San Antonio
The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA or UT San Antonio) is a public research university in San Antonio, Texas. Established in 1969, UTSA is the largest university in San Antonio and the third-largest public research university in Texas by annual research expenditures, enrolling approximately 38,200 students across six campuses spanning about 1,200 acres.

UT San Antonio is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity", a status held by 187 of the approximately 4,000 degree-granting postsecondary institutions in the U.S., representing about 4.7% of universities nationwide. UTSA generates $7 billion in annual economic impact.

Student-athletes compete as the UTSA Roadrunners and are members of the American Conference. The football team, which was founded in 2009, previously competed in Conference USA, the WAC, and as a Football Championship Subdivision independent.
Barbara Catharina Mjödh
Barbara Catharina Mjödh (8 November 1738 – 1776) was a Finnish poet. She was born to the vicar and politician Abraham Mjödh (died 1786) and Magdalena Ross. Mjödh wrote of great occasions in peoples' lives, such as weddings and funerals. In 1754, she published her funeral poem of Anna Gerdzlovia. She was praised for her talent, but her career is regarded to have been severely subdued because of her marriage.

Wedding
A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicities, races, religions, denominations, countries, social classes, and sexual orientations. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple; a presentation of a gift (e.g., an offering, rings, a symbolic item, flowers, money, or a dress); and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayers, or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony, as well as superstitious customs.
Polytopological space
In general topology, a polytopological space consists of a set  together with a family  of topologies on  that is linearly ordered by the inclusion relation where  is an arbitrary index set. It is usually assumed that the topologies are in non-decreasing order. However some authors prefer the associated closure operators  to be in non-decreasing order where  if and only if  for all . This requires non-increasing topologies.

Family of sets
In set theory and related branches of mathematics, family or collection is used to mean set, indexed set, multiset, tuple, or class. It is usually used in phrases like "family of sets" because if one instead uses "set of sets" then the subsequent use of "set" can be confusing as to whether it is the containing set or one of the member sets. A common use is "family of subsets of some set S". A family of sets is also called a set family or a set system. A finite family of subsets of a finite set  is also called a hypergraph. The subject of extremal set theory concerns the largest and smallest examples of families of sets satisfying certain restrictions.
R v Mills
See R v Mills (disambiguation) for other cases by same name

R v Mills, [1999] 3 S.C.R. 668 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision where the Court upheld the newly enacted rape shield law when challenged as a violation to section 7 and 11(d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The rape shield law was the second of its type, the first having been struck down in R. v. Seaboyer. Accordingly, this case is often cited as an example of judicial dialogue.

Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a constitutional provision that protects an individual's autonomy and personal legal rights from actions of the government in Canada. There are three types of protection within the section: the right to life, liberty and security of the person. Denials of these rights are constitutional only if the denials do not breach what is referred to as fundamental justice.

This Charter provision provides both substantive and procedural rights. It has broad application beyond merely protecting due process in administrative proceedings and in the adjudicative context, and has in certain circumstances touched upon major national policy issues such as entitlement to social assistance and public health care. As such, it has proven to be a controversial provision in the Charter.
The Artistry of Mark Murphy
The Artistry of Mark Murphy  is a 1982 studio album by Mark Murphy.

The Artistry of Mark Murphy  is the 19th studio album by American jazz vocalist Mark Murphy. It was recorded in 1982 when Murphy was 50 years old and released by the Muse label in the United States in 1982. The album is a collection of jazz tunes and standards with Murphy backed by a septet. Murphy contributes original lyrics to George Wallington's "Godchild".

I Remember Clifford (song)
"I Remember Clifford" is an instrumental jazz threnody written by jazz tenor saxophonist Benny Golson in memory of Clifford Brown, the influential and highly regarded jazz trumpeter who died in an auto accident at the age of 25. Brown and Golson had previously worked together in Lionel Hampton's 1953 band.

The song was first recorded by Donald Byrd and Gigi Gryce in February 1957.
John Mulaney: Kid Gorgeous at Radio City
John Mulaney: Kid Gorgeous at Radio City is a 2018 stand-up comedy special written by and starring John Mulaney. The special was recorded live in February 2018 at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City, and released by Netflix on May 1, 2018.

Similarly to Mulaney's previous show, The Comeback Kid, Kid Gorgeous is a visually simplistic stand-up routine with a major emphasis upon observational humor. The majority of jokes are centered upon Mulaney's adolescence, celebrity, marriage, politics and anxieties associated with contemporary American life.

Kid Gorgeous received an overwhelmingly positive critical response, with critics praising Mulaney for his compassionate delivery, observational wit and, in particular, a prolonged analogy comparing U.S. President Donald Trump to a "horse loose in a hospital". The special won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special in 2018.

Jon Brion
Jon Brion (born December 11, 1963) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and composer. He performed with the Excerpts, the Bats, 'Til Tuesday, and the Grays before becoming an established producer and film score composer.

Brion has produced music for artists and bands including Of Montreal, Aimee Mann, Love Jones, Eels, Fiona Apple, Robyn Hitchcock, Rhett Miller, The Crystal Method, Frank Ocean, Kanye West, Sky Ferreira and Mac Miller. According to Stereogum, Brion's work on Mann's first solo albums "lay the groundwork for a sound that became synonymous with a strain of notable alternative acts at the turn of the century".

Brion's film scores include  Hard Eight (1996), Magnolia (1999), Punch-Drunk Love (2002), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, and I Heart Huckabees (both 2004), Synecdoche, New York (2008), ParaNorman (2012), Lady Bird (2017), and Christopher Robin (2018). He released his debut solo album, Meaningless, in 2001.
Varanops
Varanops is an extinct genus of Early Permian varanopid known from Texas and Oklahoma of the United States. It was first named by Samuel Wendell Williston in 1911 as a second species of Varanosaurus, Varanosaurus brevirostris. In 1914, Samuel W. Williston reassigned it to its own genus and the type species is Varanops brevirostris.

Samuel Wendell Williston
Samuel Wendell Williston (July 10, 1852 – August 30, 1918) was an American educator, entomologist, and paleontologist who was the first to propose that birds developed flight cursorially (by running), rather than arboreally (by leaping from tree to tree). He was a specialist on the flies, Diptera.

He is remembered for Williston's law, which states that parts in an organism, such as arthropod limbs, become reduced in number and specialized in function through evolutionary history.
The Cliks
The Cliks are a Canadian rock band consisting of Lucas Silveira (vocalist/guitarist), with rotating members.  The Cliks' major label debut album, Snakehouse was released on April 24, 2007 by Warner Music in Canada and by Tommy Boy Records in the United States.

Logo TV
Logo TV (often shortened to Logo) is an American basic cable channel owned by Paramount Media Networks, a division of Paramount Skydance Corporation. Launched in 2005, Logo was originally dedicated to lifestyle and entertainment programming targeting LGBTQ+ audiences. It replaced VH1 MegaHits in the United States.

The channel's availability peaked at 53.2 million US households in September 2013, but its cable and satellite carriage has steadily declined thereafter, decreasing to 21.7 million households by December 2023.
PS Jan van Arkel II
PS Jan van Arkel II was a Dutch passengers paddle steamer of the Gorinchemsche Schiedamsche Stoomboot-maatschappij built by Fop Smit and launched on 8 March 1847. The ship was used for the 's-Hertogenbosch—Gorinchem—Schiedam line.

On 28 October 1849 the boiler of the boat exploded in the harbour of Den Bosch in the Zuid-Willemsvaart killing up to 22 people. The chimney landed on a Aak which also sank. The accident is regarded as one most severe steamboat accidents in the Netherlands.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Genetics of tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The nature of the host-pathogen interaction between humans and M. tuberculosis is considered to have a genetic component. A group of rare disorders called Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) was observed in a subset of individuals with a genetic defect that results in increased susceptibility to Mycobacterial infection.

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare genetic disease. It is a primary immunodeficiency featured by molecular defects in IL12/IFNγ dependent signalling pathway, leading to increased susceptibility to local or disseminated infections by environmental mycobacteria, Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin strain, nontyphoidal and typhoidal Salmonella serotypes.
Napoleone Orsini (condottiero)
Napoleone Orsini (c. 1420 – September 1480) was an Italian condottiero.

The son of Orso Orsini of Bracciano, he fought for Pope Eugene IV against Francesco Sforza in 1443. Later, in the 1450s, he flanked Ferdinand of Aragon in the struggle between the Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Milan. Subsequently, Orsini fought against the rival baronial families of the Colonna and the Anguillara in the Lazio.

In July 1461 Orsini, leading a contingent of Papal troops, was defeated by Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta at Castelleone di Suasa. The following year he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Papal Army and warred against Roberto Malatesta, lord of Rimini, being wounded in the course of the campaign.

Orsini did not take part in any relevant military feat thenceforth.

Colonna family
The House of Colonna is a prominent Italian family, forming part of the papal nobility. It played a pivotal role in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Martin V), 23 cardinals and many other church and political leaders. Other notable family members are Vittoria Colonna, close friend of Michelangelo, Marcantonio II Colonna (Marcantonio Colonna), leader of the papal fleet in the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and Costanza Colonna, patron and protector of Caravaggio. The family was notable for its bitter feud with the Orsini family over their influence in Rome, which was eventually settled by the issuing of the papal bull Pax Romana by Pope Julius II in 1511. In 1571, the heads of both families married nieces of Pope Sixtus V. Thereafter, historians recorded that "no peace had been concluded between the princes of Christendom, in which they had not been included by name". Today, the family is led by Don Prospero Colonna (b.1956).
AP Physics
Advanced Placement (AP) Physics is a set of four courses offered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program:

AP Physics C: Mechanics, an introductory college-level course in mechanics;

AP Physics 1, an alternative to AP Physics C: Mechanics that avoids calculus but includes fluids;

AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism, an introductory calculus-based treatment of electromagnetism; and

AP Physics 2, a survey of electromagnetism, optics, thermodynamics, and modern physics.

Each AP course has an exam for which high-performing students may receive credit toward their college coursework.

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.