hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Football at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The football competition at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place at the Wutaishan Stadium and the Jiangning Sports Center, both located in Nanjing, China, between 14–27 August 2014. There were two tournaments, one for boys and one for girls. Players must be 15 years old (born between 1 January and 31 December 1999) to be eligible to participate.

Each match lasted 80 minutes, consisting of two periods of 40 minutes, with an interval of 15 minutes.

Jiangning Sports Center
Jiangning Sports Centre Stadium (Chinese: 江宁区体育中心) is a football stadium in Nanjing, China.  It hosted the China League One side, Nanjing Yoyo F.C. until 2011, when the club was dissolved.  The stadium holds 30,000 spectators.
Hensley Historic District
The Hensley Historic District, also known as Northside Residential District, is a U.S. historic district and residential neighborhood in San Jose, California. The neighborhood is northeast of downtown and is roughly bounded by East Julian Street, North 1st Street, North 7th Street, and East Empire Street. It is listed as a California Historical Landmark since June 21, 1983; and is listed as one of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) since June 21, 1983.

Downtown San Jose
Downtown San Jose is the central business district of San Jose, California, United States. Downtown is one of the largest tech clusters in Silicon Valley, as well as the cultural and political center of San Jose.
Galtarodes
Galtarodes is a monotypic moth genus in the family Noctuidae erected by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1980. Its single species, Galtarodes ragonoti, was first described by Paul Mabille in 1880. It is found on Madagascar.

Paul Mabille
Paul Mabille (1835 – 6 April 1923) was a French naturalist mainly interested in Lepidoptera and botany.

Mabille was born in 1835 in Tours, France. He was a member and President (1876–1877) of the Société entomologique de France and a member of the Société entomologique de Belgique. His Madagascar collections, once in the Charles Oberthur collection, are now in the Natural History Museum, London.

He wrote many papers on Neotropical Hesperiidae with Eugène Boullet. From 1865 to 1868 he edited the exsiccata Herbarium Corsicum. Mabille died in April 1923 in Perreux, Loire.
Virginia Beach Surf & Rescue Museum
The Virginia Beach Surf & Rescue Museum honors and preserves the history of Virginia's maritime heritage, coastal communities, the United States Lifesaving Service, and the United States Coast Guard along the Atlantic coast.

Cape Henry
Cape Henry is a cape on the Atlantic shore of Virginia located in the northeast corner of Virginia Beach. It is the southern boundary of the entrance to the long estuary of the Chesapeake Bay.

Across the mouth of the bay to the north is Cape Charles the opposite point of the Bay's gateway. Named for two sons of King James I of England in 1607, together Cape Henry and Cape Charles form the Virginia Capes.
Opinion polling for the 2017 Norwegian parliamentary election
In the run up to the 2017 Norwegian parliamentary election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Norway. Results of such polls are displayed in this article.

The date range for these opinion polls are from the previous parliamentary election, held on 8 and 9 September 2013, to the day the next election was held, on 11 September 2017. Unlike most nations, Norway's constitution does not allow early elections before the four-year term limit.

2017 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 11 September 2017 to elect all 169 members of the unicameral Norwegian Parliament, the Storting. The non-socialist parties retained a reduced majority of 88 seats, allowing Prime Minister Erna Solberg's Conservative-Progress coalition to remain in government. The Liberal Party joined the coalition in January 2018 but it remained a minority cabinet until the Christian Democratic Party joined the coalition in 2019. The three largest centre-left parties won 79 seats. The Green Party retained its single seat, while the Red Party won its first ever seat.
Walter Lehmann (ethnologist)
Walter Hartmut Traugott Erdmann Lehmann (16 September 1878 – 7 February 1939) was a German ethnologist, linguist and archeologist, known for his documentation of many indigenous cultures and languages of Central America. He studied under Eduard Seler, a renowned specialist in Mesoamerican cultures. Between 1907 and 1909 he undertook an expedition traveling from Panama to Mexico, in which he collected artefacts and ethnographic and linguistic data. He collected the only known documentation of several indigenous languages of Central America before they became extinct. His 1915 habilitation thesis was a vocabulary of the Rama language, and an historical analysis of the Subtiaba language. In 1921 he became director of the Ethnological Museum of Berlin.

Subtiaba language
Subtiaba, also known as Maribio, is an extinct Oto-Manguean language which was spoken on the Pacific slope of Nicaragua, especially in the Subtiaba district of León. Edward Sapir established a connection between Subtiaba and Tlapanec. When Lehmann wrote about it in 1909 it was already very endangered or moribund.

The name "Subtiaba" may be of Nahuatl origin, from the roots xoctli ("black snail"), atl ("water"), pan ("on").
Charlotte Elliott (botanist)
Charlotte Elliott (1883-1974) was a pioneering American plant physiologist specializing in bacterial organisms that cause disease in crops who was the author of a much-used reference work, the Manual of Bacterial Plant Pathogens. She was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in botany from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
Stuart C. Ray
Stuart C. Ray is an American physician. He is Vice Chair of Medicine for Data Integrity and Analytics, Associate Director of the Infectious Diseases Fellowship Training Program at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases. Ray also holds appointments in Viral Oncology and the Division of Health Sciences Informatics. He is affiliated with the Institute for Computational Medicine at Johns Hopkins and is licensed to practice medicine in Maryland.

Ray researches the influence of viral evolution on viral pathogenesis, concentrating in particular on complex RNA viruses such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). He has published approximately 100 scientific articles on HIV, HCV, or both.

RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based genome. The genome can be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Dengue virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

All RNA viruses use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication and are categorized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into the realm Riboviria. This includes viruses belonging to Group III, Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the Baltimore classification system. Group VI comprises the retroviruses, which have RNA genetic material but use DNA intermediates in their life cycle. Riboviria does not include viroids and satellite nucleic acids: Deltavirus, Avsunviroidae, and Pospiviroidae are taxa that were mistakenly included in 2019, but this was corrected in 2020.
Charles Garnett (cricketer)
Charles Arthur Garnett (15 January 1840 – 3 September 1919) was an English first-class cricketer.

The son of Charles Garnett and his wife, Marianne Garnett (née Willock), he was born at Manchester in January 1840. He was educated at both Eton College and Cheltenham College. He was in the cricket eleven at the latter. From Cheltenham he proceeded to Trinity College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Cambridge University at Lord's in 1860, before making two further first-class appearances for Oxford in 1862 against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and Cambridge. His 5 first-class wickets all came in one innings against the MCC. He also made an additional first-class appearance in 1862 for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South. Garnett later emigrated to British Columbia, where he died at Duncan in September 1919.

Cheltenham College
Cheltenham College is a public school (fee-charging boarding and day school for pupils aged 13–18) in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. The school opened in 1841 as a Church of England foundation and is known for its outstanding linguistic, military, and sporting traditions.
Calfskin
Calfskin or calf leather is a leather or membrane produced from the hide of a calf, or juvenile domestic cattle. Calfskin is particularly valuable because of its softness and fine grain, as well as durability. It is commonly used for high-quality clothing, shoes, wallets, and similar products, as well as traditional leather bookbindings. In these contexts, just "calf" is commonly used.  Fine calfskin is one of the skins used for vellum and parchment manuscripts.

In Spanish, the word is Ternera/Novillo, referring to leather from animals less than three years old. Chickenskin, despite its name, is a form of calfskin made using the skin of unborn calves.

In fashion, soft finished calfskin is sometimes described as veau velours (French for "velvet calf").

Biological membrane
A biological membrane or biomembrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. Biological membranes, in the form of eukaryotic cell membranes, consist of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded, integral and peripheral proteins used in communication and transportation of chemicals and ions. The bulk of lipids in a cell membrane provides a fluid matrix for proteins to rotate and laterally diffuse for physiological functioning. Proteins are adapted to high membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface of integral membrane proteins. The cell membranes are different from the isolating tissues formed by layers of cells, such as mucous membranes, basement membranes, and serous membranes.
Michael Barthorp
Michael John Barthorp (died 5 January 2018, aged 90 years) was a British historian and writer, specialising in military history and military uniforms.  He lived in Jersey, Channel Islands.

Barthorp attended Wellington College until the end of the Second World War. In September 1945, he joined the Rifle Brigade under universal conscription and was demobilised in 1958. After some time with the Royal Hampshire Territorials, he exchanged for a regular commission in the Northamptonshire Regiment in which his family had served for three generations.

Major Barthorp retired from service in 1968, to become a military historian and writer. He was a member of the Victorian Military Society and contributed to their magazine Soldiers of the Queen.

Predeceased by his wife Penelope, they were survived by two sons and a daughter, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.

Northamptonshire Regiment
The Northamptonshire Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1960. In 1960, it was amalgamated with the Royal Lincolnshire Regiment to form the 2nd East Anglian Regiment (Duchess of Gloucester's Own Royal Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire), which was amalgamated with the 1st East Anglian Regiment (Royal Norfolk and Suffolk), the 3rd East Anglian Regiment (16th/44th Foot) and the Royal Leicestershire Regiment to form the present Royal Anglian Regiment.
Ted Warren
Edward John Warren is an Australian former politician. He was the Labor member for Goyder in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 2005 to 2008.

Warren was a geotechnical and geological engineering consultant before his entry into politics, working in both the Northern Territory and Papua New Guinea. His first foray into politics was an unsuccessful run for the seat of Jingili in 1984. Warren was elected as part of Labor's 2005 landslide win after Country Liberal incumbent Peter Maley was disendorsed just a month before the election.  However, a redistribution ahead of the 2008 election erased Warren's majority and made Goyder a notional CLP seat.  He was easily defeated in 2008 by the CLP's Kezia Purick.

2008 Northern Territory general election
General elections were held in the Northern Territory of Australia on 9 August 2008. Of the 25 seats in the Legislative Assembly, 23 were contested; two safe Labor seats were uncontested. The incumbent centre-left Labor Party (ALP), led by Chief Minister Paul Henderson won a narrow third term victory against the opposition centre-right Country Liberal Party (CLP), led by Terry Mills. Labor suffered a massive and unexpected swing against it, to hold a one-seat majority in the new parliament.
Black Cobra (gang)
Black Cobra is one of the largest immigrant street gangs in Denmark and is represented in most major Danish cities, with approximately 100 members. The gang is also active in Sweden, having established itself in the Malmö district Rosengård and the Stockholm suburbs of Tensta, Rissne and Rinkeby. The Black Cobra gang also control a youth gang called the Black Scorpions. Their criminal activity involves drug trafficking, robbery, theft, racketeering, extortion and murder. The police describe Black Cobra as a loose network composed of strong leadership figures. Black Cobra members wear black and white shirts with an emblem on the back of a cobra in attack position. The shirts also have Black Cobra written on them, above the emblem in Old English-style writing.

Bandidos Motorcycle Club
The Bandidos Motorcycle Club, also known as the Bandido Nation, is an outlaw motorcycle club with a worldwide membership. Formed in San Leon, Texas, in 1966, the Bandidos MC is estimated to have between 3,000 and 3,500 members and 303 chapters located in 22 countries, making it the fourth-largest motorcycle club in the world behind the Hells Angels, the Outlaws, and the Pagans.

Numerous law enforcement and international intelligence agencies classify the Bandidos as an organized crime syndicate.
Kosmos 670
Kosmos 670 (Russian: Космос 670 meaning Cosmos 670) was an unmanned Soyuz 7K-S test. It used a new and unique inclination of 50.6 degree. The experience from these flights were used in the development of the successor program Soyuz spacecraft the Soyuz 7K-ST.

Soyuz-T
The Soyuz-T (Russian: Союз-T) was the third generation of the Soyuz spacecraft and operated from 1979 to 1986. The T designation stood for "transport" (Russian: транспортныйL, romanized: transportny), reflecting its primary role ferrying crews to and from space stations. The design was based on the second-generation Soyuz 7K-T and incorporated experience gained from the Military Soyuz program and the Soyuz 7K-TM used for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project.

Soyuz-T introduced several major improvements over earlier models. It was the first Soyuz to use solid-state electronics and featured an upgraded onboard computer intended to reduce the docking difficulties encountered on previous missions. Solar panels returned to the design, enabling autonomous flight for up to 11 days, and the spacecraft adopted a new propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Unlike preceding versions, Soyuz-T could carry three cosmonauts wearing pressure suits.
Antonio Rinaldeschi
Antonio Rinaldeschi (died 1501) was an Italian gambler and blasphemer, who gained notoriety for throwing dung at a painting of the Virgin Mary above the doorway of the church of Santa Maria degli Alberghi in Florence. Rinaldeschi was later executed and a cult developed after a piece of dung that remained resembled a crown above the Virgin's head.

Rinaldeschi's act was portrayed by the painter Filippo Dolciati in his 1502 painting The Story of Antonio Rinaldeschi.

Giles Constable
Giles Constable FBA (1 June 1929 – 17 January 2021) was an English historian and medievalist. Constable was mainly interested in the religion and culture of the 11th and 12th centuries, in particular the abbey of Cluny and its abbot Peter the Venerable.
Goalball at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Goalball at the 2004 Summer Paralympics took place at the Sports Pavilion of the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Sports Complex, in Athens, Greece.

Goalball is open to blind and partially sighted competitors, with separate men's and women's competitions.

Faliro Sports Pavilion Arena
The Faliro Sports Pavilion Arena, which is part of the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex, is an indoor arena in the Athens southern suburb of Palaio Faliro, Greece, on the Saronic Gulf. It is nicknamed "The Little Peace And Friendship Stadium", due to its similarity in design and close proximity to the larger and older Peace and Friendship Stadium.

It was the site of the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics preliminary matches of handball, as well as the taekwondo competition. The arena seats 8,536 for handball matches of 2004 Olympics, though only 3,836 seats were made publicly available during the Olympics.

Today the arena regularly hosts concerts and other cultural and sports events, as well as congresses and conventions.
USS Bridgeport
Three ships of the United States Navy have been named Bridgeport, after the city of Bridgeport, Connecticut.

USS Bridgeport (ID-3009 / AR-2 / AD-10), was originally the German passenger ship SS Breslau, seized during World War I and used as a troopship, then as a repair ship and a destroyer tender.

USS Bridgeport (PG-166), a Tacoma-class patrol frigate (originally patrol gunboat), was renamed Abilene (PF-58) on 28 June 1944.

USS Bridgeport (CA-127) was to have been an Oregon City-class heavy cruiser but construction was canceled on 12 August 1945.

Repair ship
A repair ship is a naval auxiliary ship designed to provide maintenance support to warships. Repair ships provide similar services to destroyer, submarine and seaplane tenders or depot ships, but may offer a broader range of repair capability including equipment and personnel for repair of more significant machinery failures or battle damage.
Monganstown
Monganstown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of Killucan. The R446 road runs through the middle, with the Kinnegad River forming the border to the south. The town of Kinnegad is directly to the east of the townland.

Killucan (civil parish)
Killucan (Irish: Cill Liúcainne) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Mullingar.

Killucan is the sole civil parish in the barony of Farbill in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 35,625.3 acres (144.170 km2).

The neighbouring civil parishes are:

Killagh, Killulagh and Rathconnell to the north

Killaconnigan and Killyon (both in County Meath) to the east

Clonard (in County Meath) to the south

Enniscoffey, Lynn, Mullingar and Pass of Kilbride to the west
Alphonse Couvreux
Alphonse Couvreux (1820 – July 1890) was a French public works contractor, known for inventing the bucket chain excavator for which he filed a patent in May 1860.

The bucket chain excavator was used to remove great amounts of earth for the construction of railroads and the Suez Canal. The first documented use of the machine on land was in 1859. Couvreux used some of his machines to excavate material for the Ardennes Railroad. About 8 million cubic yards of material was excavated from the Suez Canal by seven of his machines during a portion of its construction from 1863 to 1868. Some of Couvreux's machines were used in the early failed French attempt to build the Panama Canal. The bucket chain excavator is still used in open pit mines and quarries. A scale model of one of his 1859 machines is located in the Museum of Arts and Trades in Paris.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
James Bordass
James Harrison Bordass (2 July 1903 – December 1972) was an English international rugby union player.

Raised in Newcastle upon Tyne, Bordass was captain of the rugby team at Royal Grammar School and attended Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, winning blues for rugby.

Bordass, a centre, toured South Africa with the British Lions in 1924 and appeared in 11 of the fixtures. He also played for Cleckheaton, Newcastle, Northumberland and Richmond.

Northumberland Rugby Football Union
The Northumberland Rugby Union is the governing body for rugby union in the historic county of Northumberland, England and one of the constituent bodies of the national Rugby Football Union having been formed in 1880. In addition, the county has won the county championship on two occasions, and finished runners-up on a further five occasions.
Charles Verity
Charles Verity (27 August 1814 – 4 December 1899) was an English stone mason, building contractor and mayor of Doncaster. He began his career as an itinerant railway ganger but, after his ability was noticed by railway engineer Charles Bartholomew, he received building contracts, including the Frodingham Viaduct, which started him on the road to a successful career as a building contractor. He became a wealthy man and was elected mayor of Doncaster in 1881. He sired a large family, and two of his descendants were Charles Henry Verity owner of the Swinton Wagon and Railway Wheel works, and "principal in the firm of Verity & Son, wheel, tire, (sic) and axle manufacturers at Swinton", and the inventor Claude Hamilton Verity.

General contractor
A contractor (North American English) or builder (British English), is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.