hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaia Vuerich
Gaia Vuerich (born 4 July 1991) is an Italian cross-country skier. She competed at the 2011 Nordic World Ski Championships in Oslo, and at the 2013 Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme. She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the women's sprint.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2013 – Women's sprint
The women's sprint in the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2013 was held on 21 February 2013. The qualifying was held in the morning to determine the final participants.

Marit Bjørgen of Norway successfully defended her title from the previous championships and won the gold medal, while Ida Ingemarsdotter of Sweden won the silver medal, and Maiken Caspersen Falla of Norway won the bronze.
Diana Bianchi
Diana W. Bianchi is a medical geneticist and neonatologist noted for her pioneering research on fetal cell microchimerism and noninvasive prenatal testing. She is the former director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, a post often called “the nation’s pediatrician.” Prior to that role, Bianchi was the Natalie V. Zucker Professor of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology at Tufts University School of Medicine and founder and executive director of the Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center. She also has served as Vice Chair for Research in the Department of Pediatrics at the Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center.

Tufts University School of Medicine
The Tufts University School of Medicine is the medical school of Tufts University, a private research university in Massachusetts. It was established in 1893 and is located on the university's health sciences campus in downtown Boston. It has clinical affiliations with numerous doctors and researchers in the United States and around the world, as well as with its affiliated hospitals in both Massachusetts (including Tufts Medical Center, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center and Baystate Medical Center), and Maine (Maine Medical Center).
Brian Waud
Brian Wilkes Waud (4 June 1837 – 30 May 1889) was an English cricketer, who played 19 matches for Oxford University (1857–1860), Sheffield Cricket Club (aka Yorkshire; 1862), Yorkshire County Cricket Club (1863–1864),
The Gentlemen (1860), Yorkshire with Stockton-on-Tees (1861), Gentlemen of the North (1862) and the North of England (1863).

Born in Chester Court, Selby, Yorkshire, England, Waud was a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper, who scored 432 runs at 16.00, with a highest score of 42 against Nottinghamshire. He took fifteen catches and completed seven stumpings.

Waud was educated at University College, Oxford, then studied law at the Inner Temple and was called to the bar in 1862. He died in May 1889 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Stumped
Stumped is a method of dismissing a batter in cricket, in which the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket of the striker while the striker is out of their ground. It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket.

Being "out of their ground" means no part of the batter's body, equipment or bat is touching the ground behind the crease.

Stumped is a special case of run out, but a stumping can only be affected by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder, when the striker is not attempting a run, and the ball must not be a no-ball. If the criteria for both stumped and run out are met, then the dismissal will be recorded as a stumping and credited to the bowler and wicket-keeper.

As always in cricket, one of the fielding team must appeal for the wicket by asking the umpires. It is the striker's end umpire who adjudicates all stumpings, and all run-out appeals at the striker's end.
Varsak (tribe)
Varsak is a Turkmen tribe mainly inhabiting Turkey. They were originally a tribe divided among the Karamanids and the Ramadanids. The Ottoman state struggled to bring the tribe under their authority as the main region they inhabited (known as Varsak ili) was situated high in the Bolkar Mountains, constituting the rugged border between the region of Karaman and Cilicia.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
2012 Norwegian Football Cup final
The 2012 Norwegian Football Cup final was the 107th final of the Norwegian Football Cup. The final was contested by Hødd and Tromsø and took place on 25 November 2012 at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo, in front of a crowd of 24,217. This was Tromsø's third final, and they had won the two previous finals in 1986 and 1996, while the Norwegian First Division side Hødd played their first final ever.

Hødd, who entered the final as underdogs, won the final after penalties and became the first second-tier side to win the Norwegian Cup in 15 years, since Vålerenga won in 1997. As the winner of the Norwegian Cup, Hødd earned a place in the second qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.

Vålerenga Fotball
Vålerenga Fotball (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɽɛŋɑ] ⓘ) is a Norwegian professional football club from Oslo, and a part of the multi-sport club Vålerengens IF. The club currently competes in the Eliteserien after being promoted from the Norwegian First Division in 2024. Founded in 1913, the club is named after the neighbourhood of Vålerenga. Vålerenga's home ground is Intility Arena, located in Valle-Hovin. Vålerenga are five-time league champions and four-time Norwegian Football Cup champions, having last won the league in 2005 and the cup in 2008. Vålerenga is generally considered to be the largest football club in Oslo, and they are known for their loyal supporters.
Sian Rainsley
Sian Rainsley (born 19 April 1997) is a British triathlete.

She competed at the 2014 Youth Olympic Games winning a silver medal, 2021 European Triathlon Championships winning a bronze medal, 2022 World Triathlon Championship Series Leeds finishing 15th, and 2022 World Triathlon Championship Series Hamburg, finishing first.

In the 2024 World Triathlon Cup, where Rainsley was awarded a gold medal, the national anthem of Spain was played instead of the British.

She was named to the 2022 Commonwealth Games, team England. She came 12th in the women's event.

She was diagnosed with Crohn's Disease.

England at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
England competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham between 28 July and 8 August 2022. Having competed at every Games since their 1930 inauguration, it was England's twenty-second appearance (and third appearance as the host nation).

Following the CGF's decision to revoke Durban's hosting rights, Birmingham was chosen as the English host candidate and submitted its bid. Though originally deemed not fully compliant, adjustments to the bid ensured the city was awarded the hosting rights in December 2017.

Jack Laugher and Emily Campbell were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony, and Jake Jarman was the country's flagbearer at the closing ceremony.
NBM Railways
NBM Railways is a holding company controlled by the J.D. Irving group of New Brunswick.

Its operations include the New Brunswick Southern Railway (NBSR) and Eastern Maine Railway (EMRY), a pair of short line railways which operate on a former Canadian Pacific mainline segment between Brownville, Maine and Saint John, New Brunswick.

Irving also operates a portion of the former Bangor & Aroostook Railroad line north of Millinocket, Maine on state-owned rails as the Maine Northern Railway.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.
Pasto Campaign
The Pasto Campaign was a series of military operations carried out between 1822 and 1824 by Gran Colombia against the Royalist strongholds of San Juan de Pasto and Patía, Cauca in present-day Southern Colombia.

The Pasto campaign was part of a larger military campaign called the Southern Campaigns, which would lead Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre to also liberate the Real Audiencia of Quito (present-day Ecuador), Peru and Bolivia, leading to the total defeat of Spanish Royalist forces on the South American continent in 1826.

Patía, Cauca
Patía is a Municipality located in Cauca Department, Colombia. The administrative centre of Patía is El Bordo.

Within the main touristic attractions of the region we can find Piedra Sentada: The Parador Patía, The Lerma Hill and Patía river that irrigates the valley of the same name. This river is the largest and abundant of the basin of the Sudamerican Pacific.

The Patía is located on Panamerican Road, about 82 kilometres or 51 miles south of Popayán, the department capital.
2009 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 2009, together with the deaths of notable Malaysians. Malaysia hosted the 2009 ASEAN Para Games between 15 and 19 August. Malaysia recorded more than 2,000 confirmed cases of influenza A(H1N1) ("swine flu") and 76 deaths during a world pandemic of the disease.

Pakatan Rakyat
Pakatan Rakyat (PR; English: People's Alliance) was an informal Malaysian political coalition and successor to Barisan Alternatif (BA). The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) on 1 April 2008, after the 12th Malaysian general election, having previously formed the Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) in the 10th general election. On 20 April 2010, the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) officially joined as a member of the Pakatan Rakyat after being expelled from Barisan Nasional, but quit the coalition on 6 May 2011. The DAP declared the coalition "dead" on 16 June 2015, citing the inability of the rest of the alliance to work with PAS, after PAS's congress passed the motion to sever ties with DAP without debate. It was succeeded by Pakatan Harapan and Gagasan Sejahtera.
Eurema albula
Eurema albula, the ghost yellow, is a butterfly in the  family Pieridae. It is found from southern Texas (where it is a rare stray) south through the West Indies and mainland tropical Central and South America to Brazil. The habitat consists of tropical forests and second growth.

The wingspan is 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in). Adults are on wing year round in the tropics. They feed on flower nectar.

The larvae feed on Cassia species (including Cassia fruticosa).

Cassia (genus)
Cassia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Species are known commonly as cassias. The genus includes 37 species and has a pantropical distribution. Species of the genera Senna and Chamaecrista were previously included in Cassia. Cassia now generally includes the largest species of the legume subtribe Cassiinae, usually mid-sized to tall trees.

Cassia is also the English common name of some unrelated species in the genus Cinnamomum of the family Lauraceae.
Eroilor Avenue, Cluj-Napoca
46°46′10″N 23°35′30″E﻿ / ﻿46.7694°N 23.5917°E﻿ / 46.7694; 23.5917

Eroilor Avenue ("Heroes' Avenue") is a central avenue in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, connecting the Avram Iancu and Unirii squares. The northern side of the avenue was converted during the late 2000s into a pedestrian zone.

In the late 19th century and until 1919, the avenue was called Deák Ferenc utca. During the interwar era, the street was called Regina Maria, after Queen Mary of Romania; during the communist era it was named after Petru Groza, a Romanian prime-minister of that time.

Centru, Cluj-Napoca
Centru (Romanian for centre) is the main cultural, financial, administrative and commercial area in Cluj-Napoca in Romania. The centre consists of three main squares, the Piața Unirii, Piața Mihai Viteazul, and Piața Avram Iancu. It also contains a number of smaller plazas.
Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31
45°59′46″N 63°33′51″E﻿ / ﻿45.99611°N 63.56417°E﻿ / 45.99611; 63.56417

Baikonur Site 31, also designated as Site 31/6, is a launch complex at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. It serves as a key launch site, supporting Soyuz-2 launches for both crewed and uncrewed missions. The site was first utilized on 14 January 1961 for a test flight of the R-7A, an intercontinental ballistic missile on which the Soyuz rocket family was based. Since 2020, following Roscosmos' transition from the Soyuz-FG to the Soyuz-2 rocket for crewed missions, Site 31 has become the primary launch site for Soyuz flights to the International Space Station (ISS). This shift occurred after Site 1/5, also known as Gagarin's Start, failed to secure funding for upgrades to accommodate the slightly larger Soyuz-2 rocket. Before that, it only saw a handful of crewed flights when Site 1/5 was unavailable.

Soyuz-FG
The Soyuz-FG was an improved variant of the Soyuz-U launch vehicle from the R-7 rocket family, developed by the Progress Rocket Space Centre in Samara, Russia. It featured upgraded first and second stage engines, RD-107A and RD-108A, respectively, with enhanced injector heads that improved combustion efficiency and specific impulse. The designation "FG" refers to forsunochnaya golovka (injector head) in Russian.

Soyuz-FG made its maiden flight on 20 May 2001, delivering a Progress cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS). It became the primary vehicle for launching crewed Soyuz TMA, Soyuz TMA-M, and Soyuz MS spacecraft from 2002 until its retirement in 2019.

Launches occurred from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan: crewed missions from Gagarin's Start (Site 1/5) and satellite launches from Site 31/6.
HTC Incredible S
The HTC Incredible S (S710E) (s710d), also known as the Droid Incredible 2, is a smartphone designed and manufactured by Taiwan's HTC Corporation originally running the Android 2.2 operating system (since upgraded to 2.3.4 Gingerbread and followed by 4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich except for US Droid Incredible 2). Officially announced by HTC on February 15, 2011 at MWC 2011 in Barcelona, Spain, alongside the HTC Desire S and the HTC Wildfire S, the HTC Incredible S was launched exclusively in the UK to Carphone Warehouse and Best Buy on February 26, 2011 marketed by Sarah Harding of Girls Aloud.

The Incredible S is the successor to the Droid Incredible.

Carphone Warehouse
Carphone Warehouse is a mobile phone retailer based in London, United Kingdom. In August 2014 the company became a subsidiary of Currys plc (previously named "Dixons Carphone"), which was formed by the merger of its former parent Carphone Warehouse Group with Dixons Retail. Prior to this merger, Carphone Warehouse Group was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. Following the closure of all stand-alone UK stores in April 2020, all remaining Carphone Warehouse UK outlets were within branches of Currys PC World. In April 2021, the Carphone Warehouse business in Ireland (including all stand-alone and co-located branches and the website) was closed with immediate effect. Currys continued to use the Carphone Warehouse brand in the United Kingdom, online and, until 2021, inside Currys stores.
Quick Style
Quick Style or The Quick Style and also known as the Quick Crew, is a Norwegian hip-hop/urban dance group founded by two Norwegian-Pakistani twins, Suleman and Bilal Malik, and their Norwegian-Thai childhood friend Nasir Sirikhan. The group is notable for having won Norske Talenter, the Norwegian edition of the Got Talent franchise, in 2009. They have also participated in NBC's World of Dance and other dance competitions.

Got Talent
Got Talent is a British talent show TV format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell's Syco Entertainment. It has spawned spin-offs in over 60 countries, in what is now referred to as the 'Got Talent' format, similar to that described by Fremantle of the Idol and The X Factor formats. Unlike those shows, Got Talent (influenced by the variety of talent shows Opportunity Knocks and New Faces) showcases other artistic disciplines as well as singers.

In April 2014, the format was named the world's most successful reality TV format ever by Guinness World Records. Cowell said: "I am very proud that Got Talent is a homegrown British show. We owe its success to a group of very talented producers all over the world who have made this happen. And of course amazing talent."
1989 in Japanese music
In 1989 (Shōwa 64 / Heisei 1), Japanese music was released on records, and there were charts, awards, contests and festivals.

During that year, Japan continued to have the second largest music market in the world, and fourteen percent of all record sales took place in that country.

Bakufu Slump
Bakufu-Slump (Japanese: 爆風スランプ, Hepburn: Bakufū Suranpu) is a Japanese rock band originally active between 1982 and 1999. One of the most popular rock bands in Japan during the 1980s and '90s, it is known for its best-selling single "Runner", released in 1988.
Capgaronnite
Capgaronnite (HgS•Ag(Cl,Br,I)) is a mineral that forms small tufted aggregates or isolated crystals with a maximum width of 0.02mm and a maximum length of 0.1mm. This mineral is related to perroudite in chemical composition and crystal structure. Capgaronnite is associated with secondary minerals of Cu like olivenite, cyanotrichite, and tennantite.

Cyanotrichite
Cyanotrichite is a hydrous copper aluminium sulfate mineral with formula Cu4Al2[(OH)12|SO4]·2H2O, also known as lettsomite. Cyanotrichite forms velvety radial acicular crystal aggregates of extremely fine fibers. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and forms translucent bright blue acicular crystal clusters or drusey coatings. The Mohs hardness is 2 and the specific gravity ranges from 2.74 to 2.95. Refractive indices are nα = 1.588 nβ = 1.617 nγ = 1.655.
Modern Scots
Modern Scots comprises the varieties of Scots traditionally spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster, from 1700.

Throughout its history, Modern Scots has been undergoing a process of language attrition, whereby successive generations of speakers have adopted more and more features from English, largely from the colloquial register. This process of language contact or dialectisation under English has accelerated rapidly since widespread access to mass media in English, and increased population mobility became available after the Second World War. It has recently taken on the nature of wholesale language shift towards Scottish English, sometimes also termed language change, convergence or merger.

By the end of the twentieth century, Scots was at an advanced stage of language death over much of Lowland Scotland. Residual features of Scots are often simply regarded today as slang, especially by people from outwith Scotland, but even by many Scots.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Major sports event hosting in Britain during the 2010s
The United Kingdom was awarded a number of major international sporting events during the 2010s leading to an idea of a 'Golden Decade' in British sport. The idea of the golden decade has been discussed in many newspapers and has been mentioned by former Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Lord Coe.

Gleneagles Hotel
Gleneagles Hotel is a hotel near Auchterarder, Scotland. It was commissioned by the Caledonian Railway and opened in 1924. The bandleader Henry Hall performed at the hotel before the Second World War during which it served as a military hospital. There are three tournament-standard golf courses in the grounds and the hotel was redeveloped for the 40th Ryder Cup in 2014. Significant conferences at the hotel have included the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1977 and the 31st G8 summit in July 2005. It is a Category B listed building.
Windsor station (Michigan Central Railroad)
Windsor was a train station in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The station was built by the Michigan Central Railroad in 1911 and subsequently controlled by the Canada Southern Railway. The station served Canada Southern Railway and New York Central trains. Windsor also has another railroad station in town.

Through most of its decades, and into the latter 1960s, the station served New York Central passenger trains over a New York–Buffalo–Windsor–Detroit–Jackson–Chicago route: the Empire State Express and the Wolverine. It also served trains bound for a slightly more northerly route east: to London, Toronto and Montreal: the New York Central-Canadian Pacific pooled train, the Canadian (later renamed the Canadian-Niagara).

The last train service to this station was Amtrak's Niagara Rainbow from October 1978 to January 31, 1979. The building was burnt to the ground in 1996 due to arson.

Empire State Express
The Empire State Express was one of the named passenger trains and onetime flagship of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad (a predecessor of the later New York Central Railroad). On September 14, 1891, it covered the 436 miles (702 kilometers) between New York City and Buffalo in 7 hours and 6 minutes (including stops), averaging 61.4 miles-per-hour (98.8 km/h), with a top speed of 82 mph (132 km/h).
Edge of the Axe
Edge of the Axe (Spanish: Al Filo del Hacha) is a 1988 English-language Spanish slasher film directed by José Ramón Larraz, and starring Barton Faulks, Christina Marie Lane, Page Moseley, and Fred Holliday. The film centers on a masked maniac murdering people in a rural mountain town in Northern California.

A Spanish production, filming of Edge of the Axe took place in Big Bear Lake, California and Madrid in 1987, and features a cast of American and Spanish actors.

Arrow Films
Arrow Films is a British independent film distributor and restorer specialising in world cinema, arthouse, horror, and classic films. As Arrow Video, it sells Ultra HD Blu-rays, Blu-rays, and DVDs online; it also operates its own subscription video on-demand service, Arrow Player. From 2017 to 2025, Arrow had a dedicated podcast hosted by film-makers Sam Ashurst and Dan Martin, with the final episode airing in January 2025. Arrow Video is considered a boutique Blu-ray label.