hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Olive
Sir James William Olive KBE (1856 – 14 January 1942) was Assistant Commissioner "A" of the London Metropolitan Police from 1920 to 1925. As such, he was in charge of administration and uniformed operations and was the Commissioner's deputy. From 1922, he became the first officer formally to be granted the title of Deputy Commissioner.

Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis is the head of London's Metropolitan Police Service. Sir Mark Rowley was appointed to the post on 8 July 2022 after Dame Cressida Dick announced her resignation in February 2022.

The rank of Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police is generally regarded as the highest in British policing. Although authority is generally confined to the Metropolitan Police Service's area of operation, the Metropolitan Police District, the Metropolitan Police also has certain national responsibilities such as leading counter-terrorism policing and protection of the royal family and senior members of the government.

The commissioner is directly accountable to the Home Secretary, the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime, and the mayor of London.
New Zealand–Singapore relations
New Zealand–Singapore relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Republic of Singapore and New Zealand. Singapore has a high commission in Wellington. New Zealand has a high commission in Singapore. Both Singapore and New Zealand are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and the Five Power Defence Arrangements pact.

From 1974 to 1989, the New Zealand Force South East Asia maintained a joint military base in Singapore.

Singapore is New Zealand's fifth-largest trading partner, with a total of NZ$6.56 billion (S$6.08 billion) in two-way trade in 2021.

High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
Violence and Victims
Violence and Victims is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering theory, research, policy, and clinical practice in the area of interpersonal violence and victimization, touching diverse disciplines such as psychology, sociology, criminology, law, medicine, nursing, psychiatry, and social work.

The journal's scope includes original research on violence-related victimization within, and outside of, the family; the etiology and perpetration of violent behavior; health care research related to interpersonal violence and to trauma; legal issues; and implications for clinical interventions. Occasionally, there are special issues dealing with specific topics and relevant books are often reviewed. Violence and Victims is published by Springer Publishing Company.

Victimisation
Victimisation (or victimization) is the state or process of being victimised or becoming a victim. The field that studies the process, rates, incidence, effects, and prevalence of victimisation is called victimology.
2012 Moselle Open
The 2012 Moselle Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the Moselle Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Parc des Expositions de Metz Métropole in Metz, France, from 17 September to 23 September 2012. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga won the singles title. First-seeded Jo-Wilfried Tsonga won the singles title.

Vincent Millot
Vincent Millot (French pronunciation: [vɛ̃sɑ̃ mijo]; born 30 January 1986, in Montpellier, France) is a French former professional tennis player. Despite never having reached the top 100, Millot has played at each of the four Grand Slam events.
Mrinal Thakur
Mrinal Thakur is a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Auburn University in Alabama, USA. He holds a series of patents on electrically conductive polymers. Thakur claims that the 2000 Nobel Prize in chemistry to Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa was awarded for a scientific result he disproved in 1988: that only conjugated polymers could conduct electricity.

Conductive polymer
Chemical structures of some conductive polymers. From top left clockwise: polyacetylene; polyphenylene vinylene; polypyrrole (X = NH) and polythiophene (X = S); and polyaniline (X = NH) and polyphenylene sulfide (X = S).

Conductive polymers or, more precisely, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are organic polymers that conduct electricity. Such compounds may have metallic conductivity or can be semiconductors. The main advantage of conductive polymers is that they are easy to process, mainly by dispersion. Conductive polymers are generally not thermoplastics, i.e., they are not thermoformable. But, like insulating polymers, they are organic materials. They can offer high electrical conductivity but do not show similar mechanical properties to other commercially available polymers. The electrical properties can be fine-tuned using the methods of organic synthesis and by advanced dispersion techniques.
James C. Kelly
James C. Kelly (October 28, 1857 – June 9, 1947) was an American farmer and politician.

Kelly was born in Chatfield, Fillmore County, Minnesota. He went to the public schools in Yucatan Township, Houston County, Minnesota and to the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University for business courses, for two years, in Collegeville, Minnesota. Kelly served as mayor and clerk of Houston, Minnesota and on the Houston City Council. He also served on the Yucatan Township Board of Education. Kelly had lived in Yucatan, Minnesota with his wife and five children. One of his children Francis Martin Kelly served as the Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Winona. Kelly served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1889 and 1890 and in the Minnesota Senate from 1891 to 1894. He was a Democrat. Kelly died in Houston, Minnesota.

Collegeville, Minnesota
Collegeville is an unincorporated community in St. Wendel Township, Stearns County, Minnesota, United States, near St. Joseph. The community is located near the junction of Collegeville Road and Old Collegeville Road. Nearby is Saint John's Abbey, a large Benedictine monastery.
Bernhard Grant
Bernhard Shirley Henniker Grant (19 November 1887 – 4 March 1966) was a British philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1940.

Grant was born in Boughton Monchelsea, Kent, to William Shirley Petman Grant and Edith Margaretta Catherine Grant. He had an award-winning collection of stamps of the Falkland Islands and of Iceland Experimental Airmails 1930–50.

He died in Maidstone in 1966.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
St. Gall Priscian Glosses
The St. Gall Priscian Glosses (Codex Sangallensis 904), abbreviated Sg., is an Irish manuscript of the Latin grammar Institutiones grammaticae by Priscian,  held by the Abbey Library of St. Gall. It contains 9412  glosses, including 3478 in Old Irish. Together with the Würzburg glosses on the Epistles of St Paul and the Milan glosses on a Commentary on the Psalms they provide the main source of Old Irish writing available today and thus serve as an important reference for linguistic research on Old Irish.

Abbey library of Saint Gall
The Abbey library of St Gall (German: Stiftsbibliothek) is a significant medieval monastic library located in St. Gallen, Switzerland. In 1983, the library, as well as the Abbey of St Gall, were designated a World Heritage Site, as "an outstanding example of a large Carolingian monastery and was, since the 8th century until its secularisation in 1805, one of the most important cultural centres in Europe". It is one of the oldest monastic libraries in the world.
Autographic printing (Pumphrey)
Autographic printing  is a duplicating process for text and monochrome drawings, developed and patented by Alfred Pumphrey (1830–1913), a photographer from Birmingham, England, which became popular in around 1878.

One of its earliest advocates was the naturalist and microscopist Thomas Bolton, who not only used it in his publications, but sold the necessary equipment, and an instruction booklet, from his business premises in Ann Street (now Colmore Row), in central Birmingham.

A model demonstrating the process is held by the National Museum of American History in Washington DC. It was used in securing US patent 200759, granted to Pumphrey's brother Josiah Pumphrey (1823–1911), also of Birmingham, on 26 February 1878.

National Museum of American History
The National Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring  Center is a historical museum in Washington, D.C. It collects, preserves, and displays the heritage of the United States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific, and military history. Among the items on display is the original Star-Spangled Banner. The museum is part of the Smithsonian Institution and located on the National Mall at 14th Street and Constitution Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.

In 2023, the museum received 2.1 million visitors, ranking the eighth-most visited museum in the U.S.
USS Exploit
USS Exploit is a name that the U.S. Navy has used more than once in naming its vessels:

USS Exploit (AM-95), was launched 7 September 1942 by Jakobson Shipyard, Inc., Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York.

USS Exploit (AM-440), was launched 10 April 1953 by Higgins Industries Corp., New Orleans, Louisiana.

USS Exploit (AM-440)
USS Exploit (MSO-440) was an Aggressive-class minesweeper. The ship was laid down on 28 December 1951 at Higgins Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana and launched on 10 April 1953. The vessel was commissioned USS Exploit (AM-440) on 31 March 1954 and redesignated as an ocean minesweeper MSO-440 on 7 February 1955.

As built the vessel was armed one single 40 mm gun mount on the bow and two .50 caliber machine guns. The ship's final weapons configuration replaced the bow gun with one twin 20 mm gun mount while maintaining the two .50 caliber machine guns.
San Antonio de Palé
San Antonio de Palé, formerly known as St Antony, São Antonio de Praia and Palea, is the capital of Annobón (an island in Equatorial Guinea that was once part of the Spanish Empire in Africa).

The town has 600 inhabitants, the majority of whom speak the Annobonese Creole. It is located in the extreme north of the island, which is the driest and flattest area. It is home to Annobón Airport, a dock, a hospital, a school, a lighthouse, a radio station, and a Catholic mission.

Annobonese Creole
Annobonese Creole is a Portuguese creole known to its speakers as Fa d'Ambu or Fá d'Ambô  (Portuguese: Fala de Ano-Bom, "Annobón speech").  It  is spoken on the Annobón and Bioko Islands off the coast of Equatorial Guinea, mostly by people of mixed African, Portuguese and Spanish descent. It is called annobonense or annobonés in Spanish.

The attitude in Equatorial Guinea towards this language is positive. It is taught in special courses in the former capital city of Malabo.
St Stephen's Church, Prenton
St Stephen's Church is in Prenton Lane, Prenton, Birkenhead, Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Birkenhead, the archdeaconry of Chester, and the diocese of Chester.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
The Metropolitan Borough of Wirral is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, in North West England. It has a population of 328,873 (2024), and encompasses 62 square miles (161 km2) of the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula. Major settlements include Birkenhead, Wallasey, Bebington, Heswall, Hoylake and West Kirby. It is one of the six boroughs of the Liverpool City Region, a combined authority area with a population of more than 1.5 million.

Wirral is England's westernmost metropolitan borough, faced by the City of Liverpool to the northeast over the River Mersey.
The River Pirate
The River Pirate is a 1928 American synchronized sound drama film directed by William K. Howard and written by Malcolm Stuart Boylan, Ben Markson and John Reinhardt, based on the 1928 novel by Charles Francis Coe. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using the sound-on-film Movietone process. An epilogue was added to the end of the film  so that it could deceptively be advertised as a "talking" film.

The film stars Victor McLaglen, Lois Moran, Nick Stuart, Earle Foxe, Donald Crisp and Bob Perry. The film was released on August 26, 1928, by Fox Film Corporation.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Ye Xian
"Ye Xian" (traditional Chinese: 葉限; simplified Chinese: 叶限; pinyin: Yè Xiàn; Wade–Giles: Yeh Hsien; [jê ɕjɛ̂n]) is a Chinese fairy tale that is similar to the European Cinderella story, the Malay-Indonesian Bawang Putih Bawang Merah tale,  and stories from other ethnic groups including the Tibetans and the Zhuang. It is one of the oldest known variants of Cinderella, first published in the Tang dynasty compilation Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang written around 850 by Duan Chengshi. Chinese compilations attest several versions from oral sources.

Zhuang people
The Zhuang (/ˈdʒwæŋ, ˈdʒwɒŋ/ ⓘ; Chinese: 壮族; pinyin: Zhuàngzú; Zhuang: Bouxcuengh, [poːu˦˨ ɕeŋ˧], Sawndip: 佈獞) are a Tai-speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. Some also live in the Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. With the Bouyei, Nùng, Tày, and other Northern Tai speakers, they are sometimes known as the Rau or Rao people. Their population, estimated at 19 million people, makes them the largest minority in China.
Luxembourg (horse)
Luxembourg (foaled 24 March 2019) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. He was one of the best European two-year-olds in 2021 when he was unbeaten in three races, including the Beresford Stakes in Ireland and the Group One Vertem Futurity Trophy in England. As a three-year-old, the horse won the Group One Irish Champion Stakes.

Irish Champion Stakes
The Irish Champion Stakes (Irish: Curadh-Dhuais na hÉireann) is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Aethes margaritana
Aethes margaritana, the silver coast conch, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1811. It is found in most of Europe. The habitat consists of downland, waste ground and shingle beaches.

The wingspan is 12–16 millimetres (0.47–0.63 in). They are on wing from May to June and again from July to August in two generations per year.

The larvae feed on Chrysanthemum, Tanacetum, Achillea, Matricaria and Chamomilla species. They live in the flowers and seeds of their host plant. The species overwinters and pupates in the larval habitation during spring.

Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to mums or chrysanths, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.
Richard B. Frankel
Richard B. Frankel is an Emeritus Professor of Physics at the California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo. He is noted for his research on magnetotaxis and biomineralization of magnetic iron minerals in general and magnetotactic bacteria in particular. His expertise in the latter was prominently discussed in Stephen Jay Gould's The Panda's Thumb (1980 Chapter 30). He is a graduate of the University of Missouri (1961) and took a PhD from Berkeley (1965). Much of his career was spent at the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining Cal Poly in 1988.

He is a fellow of the American Physical Society.

Magnetotaxis
Magnetotaxis is a process implemented by a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that involves orienting and coordinating movement in response to Earth's magnetic field. This process is mainly carried out by microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria found in aquatic environments such as salt marshes, seawater, and freshwater lakes. By sensing the magnetic field, the bacteria are able to orient themselves towards environments with more favorable oxygen concentrations. This orientation towards more favorable oxygen concentrations allows the bacteria to reach these environments faster as opposed to random movement through Brownian motion.
Syunik (historical province)
Syunik (Old Armenian: Սիւնիք, romanized: Siwnik') was a region of historical Armenia and the ninth province (nahang) of the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until 428 AD. From the 7th to 9th centuries, it fell under Arab control. In 821, it formed two Armenian principalities: Kingdom of Syunik and principality of Khachen, which around the year 1000 was proclaimed the Kingdom of Artsakh, becoming one of the last medieval eastern Armenian kingdoms and principalities to maintain its autonomy following the Turkic invasions of the 11th to 14th centuries.

Vahanavank
Vahanavank (Armenian: Վահանավանք) is a 10th-11th century Armenian Apostolic cathedral located approximately 5 kilometers west of the town of Kapan in the Syunik Province of Armenia, situated at the foot of Tigranasar mountain along the right bank of the Voghdji River.
John Meeks
John Meeks (17 October 1839 – 2 May 1899) was an English-born Australian politician.

He was born at Ashton-under-Lyne in Lancashire to bricklayer William Meeks and Julia Bromley. Around 1861 he married Mary Pickup, with whom he had seven children. He migrated to Brisbane in 1862 and soon moved to Sydney, where he worked for the Australian Gaslight Company. He established his own smelting works, which he ran until 1880, and also served on Sydney City Council from 1879 to 1892. In 1885 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Glebe, but he was defeated in 1887. Meeks died at Forest Lodge in 1899.

Electoral district of Glebe
Glebe or The Glebe was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created in 1859, partly replacing Sydney Hamlets, and named after and including the Sydney suburb of Glebe. It elected one member from 1859 to 1885 and two members from 1885 to 1894. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Balmain. Glebe was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1941.
Racquetball at the 1981 World Games
The racquetball events of World Games I were held on August 1–2, 1981, at the Decathlon Club in Santa Clara, California, in the United States. These were the first World Games, an international quadrennial multi-sport event, and were hosted by the city of Santa Clara. This racquetball competition also served as the first Racquetball World Championships tournament in the sport of racquetball. In addition to the five nations mentioned below, athletes from Japan also participated in the competition.

Racquetball
Racquetball is a racquet sport and a team sport played with a hollow rubber ball on an indoor or outdoor court. Joseph Sobek invented the modern sport of racquetball in 1950, adding a stringed racquet to paddleball in order to increase velocity and control. Unlike most racquet sports, such as tennis and badminton, there is no net to hit the ball over, and, unlike squash, no tin (out of bounds area at the bottom of front wall) to hit the ball above. Also, the court's walls, floor, and ceiling are legal playing surfaces, with the exception of court-specific designated hinders being out-of-bounds. Racquetball is played between various players on a team who try to bounce the ball with the racquet onto the ground so it hits the wall, so that an opposing team's player cannot bounce it back to the wall.

The sport is similar to 40×20 American handball, which is played in many countries. It is also similar to the British sport Squash 57, which was called racketball before 2016.
Made in Japan (EP)
"Made in Japan" is the debut extended play and soundtrack by American singers Bella Thorne and Zendaya. The album was released on August 21, 2012 by  Walt Disney. "Fashion is My Kryptonite" was released as single on July 20, 2012.

Walt Disney Records
Walt Disney Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group. The label releases soundtrack albums from the Walt Disney Company's motion picture studios, television shows, theme parks and traditional studio albums produced by its roster of pop, teen pop and country artists.

The music label was founded in the Spring of 1956 as Disneyland Records. Before that time, Disney recordings were licensed to a variety of other labels such as RCA, Decca, Capitol, ABC-Paramount, and United Artists. It was Disney Legend Jimmy Johnson who convinced Walt Disney’s brother Roy O. Disney that Disney, at time known as Walt Disney Productions should form their own record label. It adopted its current name in 1988 and is currently distributed worldwide by Universal Music Group.
Timoteo (given name)
The name Timoteo is a Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian form of the Greek name Τιμόθεος (Timόtheos), equal to the name Timothy in English. It comes from the Greek words timḗ (honor, respect) and theos (God). Thus the name means "honoring God".

In the Bible, Timothy was the name of a young disciple and companion of Paul. Paul addressed two epistles to him, the First and Second Epistle to Timothy.

Second Epistle to Timothy
The Second Epistle to Timothy is one of the three pastoral epistles traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle. Addressed to Timothy, a fellow missionary, it is traditionally considered to be the last epistle Paul wrote before his death. The original language is Koine Greek.

While the Pastorals are attributed to Paul, they differ from his other letters. Since the early 19th century, scholars have increasingly viewed them as the work of an unknown follower of Paul's teachings. This perspective arises from the fact that the Pastorals do not focus on Paul's typical themes, such as believers' unity with Christ, and they present a church hierarchy that is more organized and defined than what existed during Paul's lifetime.

Nonetheless, a number of scholars still defend the traditional authorship of 2 Timothy.