hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ike Taylor
Ivan "Ike" Taylor (born May 5, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) in the fourth round of the 2003 NFL draft, and spent his entire 12-year career in Pittsburgh. He played college football for the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns.

He was formerly an analyst for NFL Now and other shows on the NFL Network.

AFC North
The American Football Conference – Northern Division or AFC North  is one of the four divisions of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The division was created after the NFL realigned its divisions upon expanding to 32 teams, with the 2002 NFL season marking the league's first season following this restructuring. The division consists of the Baltimore Ravens, Cincinnati Bengals, Cleveland Browns, and Pittsburgh Steelers. Prior to this realignment, these teams were members of the AFC Central Division, along with the Tennessee Titans and Jacksonville Jaguars.

This is the only division in the NFL in which no member team has hosted a Super Bowl in their stadiums. The division, however, has won eight Super Bowl titles (six for Pittsburgh, two for Baltimore) in total.
Reading Pound Reading
Reading Pound Reading: Modernism After Nietzsche is a 1987 book on Ezra Pound by the literary scholar and professor Kathryne V. Lindberg. Lindberg considers the influence of Nietzsche (usually at second- and third-hand through Pound's reading of other writers) upon the prose criticism of Ezra Pound, including his essay "How to Read," his books The ABC of Reading and Guide to Kulchur, as well as in more ephemeral and fugitive sources such as newspapers and obscure literary journals.

Remy de Gourmont
Remy de Gourmont (4 April 1858 – 27 September 1915) was a French Symbolist poet, novelist, and influential critic.  He was widely read in his era, and an important influence on Blaise Cendrars and Georges Bataille. The spelling Rémy de Gourmont is incorrect, albeit common.
Astronomy Photographer of the Year
Astronomy Photographer of the Year is an annual astronomy photography competition and exhibition that is organised by the Royal Observatory, Greenwich (part of Royal Museums Greenwich).

The competition was launched in 2009 during the International Year of Astronomy. It has expanded significantly since this time and since 2016 the overall winner receives a prize of £10,000.

In 2018 the exhibition moved to the Photography Gallery at the National Maritime Museum, where the exhibition showed a 10-year retrospective of the competition's 31 winning images alongside 69 of the best winning images from the past nine years. Since then, each year's winning images have been showcased alongside the shortlisted images in the annual exhibition.

BBC Sky at Night
BBC Sky at Night is a British monthly magazine about astronomy aimed at amateur astronomers and published by Immediate Media Company. Its title is taken from the television program produced by the BBC, The Sky at Night. The magazine, in comparison with the TV series, includes more technical and scientific information. Until 2015, it also included a bonus CD-ROM with software programs, the latest astronomical photographs, written materials and 'classic' episodes of The Sky at Night from the BBC archives (from 2015, the monthly content was moved online).
WRUR-FM
WRUR-FM (88.5 FM) is a public radio station owned by the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. The station broadcasts an Adult Album Alternative format and carries NPR news programming.

WRUR-FM partners with WXXI Public Broadcasting Council to provide programming to the Rochester area. Its programs can also be heard in Ithaca on WITH (90.1 FM). The station's transmitter is located on Rochester's Pinnacle Hill.

Adult album alternative
Adult album alternative (also triple-A, AAA, or adult alternative) is a radio format. Its roots trace to both the "classic album stations of the '70s as well as the alternative rock format that developed in the '80s." AAA programming is carried on more than 150 broadcast outlets in the United States, with a roughly even split between commercial and public stations.
Kuty (Kąty) defence
Kuty (Kąty) defence was a skirmish between Polish self-defense units and Ukrainian Insurgent Army unit under commander Ivan Klymshyn (nom de guerre "Crow") and Andriy Melnyk's supporters in the village of Kuty (Polish Kąty) located in Volhynia, Krzemieniec (Kremenets) county, Shumsk commune 3 or 4 May 1943. During the fight no less than 53 Poles were killed, although the assault was repelled by self-defense forces. After the battle Poles abandoned the village, and escorted by Germans went to Shumsk and later to Kremenets.

Volhynia
Volhynia or Volynia (/voʊˈlɪniə/ voh-LIN-ee-ə; see #Names and etymology) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in Ukraine it is roughly equivalent to Volyn Oblast, Rivne Oblast, and the northern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Ternopil Oblast. The territory that still carries the name is Volyn Oblast.

Volhynia has changed hands numerous times throughout history and been divided among competing powers. For centuries it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Russian annexation during the Partitions of Poland, all of Volhynia was made part of the Pale of Settlement on the southwestern border of the Russian Empire. Important cities include Rivne, Lutsk, Zviahel, and Volodymyr.
Flip (algebraic geometry)
In algebraic geometry, flips  and  flops are  codimension-2 surgery operations arising in the minimal model program, given by blowing up along a relative canonical ring.  In dimension 3 flips are used to construct minimal models, and any two birationally equivalent  minimal models are connected by a sequence of flops. It is conjectured that the same is true in higher dimensions.

Shigefumi Mori
Shigefumi Mori (森 重文, Mori Shigefumi; born February 23, 1951) is a Japanese mathematician, known for his work in algebraic geometry, particularly in relation to the classification of three-folds. He won the Fields Medal in 1990.
2023 Egyptian League Cup final
The 2023 Egyptian League Cup final was the final match of the 2022–23 Egyptian League Cup, the second edition of the competition since its establishment in 2021. It was played between Al Masry and Ceramica Cleopatra on 22 July 2023 at Borg El Arab Stadium in Alexandria.

Al Masry were looking to win their first major title in 25 years, with their last honour being the 1998 Egypt Cup. Ceramica Cleopatra on the other side participated in a major competition final for the first time in the club's history. Ceramica Cleopatra won the match 4–1 and secured their first-ever League Cup and major title.

A total of 10,000 tickets were available to the public, and each club was given additional tickets estimated to be around 3,000 tickets.

Al Masry SC
Al-Masry Sporting Club (Arabic: النادي المصري للألعاب الرياضية) is an Egyptian sports club based in Port Said, Egypt. The club is mainly known for its professional football team that competes in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest tier of the Egyptian football league system.

Al-Masry has never won the league, but won their one Egyptian Cup in 1998. The club used to play their home matches at the Port Said Stadium, with a capacity of 17,988.
Clypeaster euclastus
Clypeaster euclastus is a species of sea urchins of the family Clypeasteridae. Their armour is covered with spines. Clypeaster euclastus was first scientifically described in 1941 by Hubert Lyman Clark.

Hubert Lyman Clark
Hubert Lyman Clark (January 9, 1870 – July 31, 1947) was an American zoologist. He received the Clarke Medal from the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1947. A son of UMass Amherst president William Smith Clark, he spent more than 40 years as a professor and curator at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University.
SNR-75
The SNR-75 (also referred to by the NATO reporting name Fan Song) is a series of trailer-mounted E band/F band and G band fire control and tracking radars for use with the Soviet SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile system.

F band (NATO)
The NATO F band is the obsolete designation given to the radio frequencies from 3,000 to 4,000 MHz (equivalent to wavelengths between 10 and 7.5 cm) during the cold war period. Since 1992, frequency allocations, allotment and assignments are in line with the NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA).
However, in order to identify military radio spectrum requirements, e.g. for crisis management planning, training, electronic warfare activities, or in military operations, this system is still in use.
Kranjska Gora Ski Resort
Kranjska Gora Ski Resort is Slovenia's oldest ski resort at Kranjska Gora, Upper Carniola, opened in 1948. It is divided into five different sections under the Vitranc Mountain, stretched throughout the whole valley of the same name municipality: Mojstrana, Kranjska Gora,  Planica, Podkoren 1, and Podkoren 2. It has a total of 20 km (12 miles) of ski slopes, 40 km (25 miles) tracks for cross-country skiing, and Snow Fun Park.

Since 1961, resort is hosting Vitranc Cup, one of the oldest and most prestigious active alpine skiing competitions in the world, and being classic regular World Cup host since 1968 season.

"Podkoren 3", which is hosting World Cup events since 1983, is the steepest and most difficult groomed ski course in Slovenia with maximum incline at 30.5° degrees (59%).

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Lulu (Kuhlau opera)
Lulu is an 1824 opera by Friedrich Kuhlau to a Danish libretto by Christian Carl Herman Frederik Güntelberg (1791–1842) based upon the fairy tale Lulu oder die Zauberflöte (1789) by August Jacob Liebeskind (1758–1793), son-in-law of Christoph Martin Wieland. This is the same story that Schikaneder turned into the libretto for Mozart's Die Zauberflöte. The opera was last performed 1838, and not revived until a 1988 recording. In 2018 it was staged at the Royal Danish Opera.

Christoph Martin Wieland
Christoph Martin Wieland (/ˈviːlɑːnt/; German: [ˈviːlant]; 5 September 1733 – 20 January 1813) was a German poet and writer, representative of literary Rococo. He is best-remembered for having written the first Bildungsroman (Geschichte des Agathon), as well as the epic Oberon, which formed the basis for both Friederike Sophie Seyler's opera of the same name and Carl Maria von Weber's opera of the same name. His thought was representative of the cosmopolitanism of the German Enlightenment, exemplified in his remark: "Only a true cosmopolitan can be a good citizen." He was a key figure of Weimar Classicism and a collaborator of Abel Seyler's theatre company.
2010 Super League season
Engage Super League XV was the official name for the 2010 Super League season. Fourteen teams competed over 27 rounds. The season officially kicked off on 5 February with the Crusaders versus the Leeds Rhinos on 29 January at Crusaders' new homeground at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham. Crusaders halfback Michael Witt scored the first points of the season with a penalty goal and the Rhinos came away with the first competition points, posting a 34 to 6 victory.

The season came to a conclusion with Wigan Warriors beating St. Helens 22-10 in the Super League Grand Final on 2 October with two tries for Martin Gleeson.

Glossary of rugby league terms
Rugby league football has accrued considerable jargon to describe aspects of the game. Many terms originate in the Laws of the Game. Some aspects of the game have more than one term referring to them. Different terms have become popularly used to describe an aspect of the game in different places, with notable differences between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Words in a sentence which are also defined elsewhere in this glossary appear in italics.
Protectorate General to Pacify the North
The Protectorate General to Pacify the North or Grand Protectorate General to Pacify the North (647–784) was a Chinese military government established by the Tang dynasty in 647 to pacify the former territory of the Xueyantuo, which extended from Lake Baikal to the north, the Gobi Desert to the south, the Greater Khingan to the east, and the Altai Mountains to the west. It controlled the Mongolian Plateau from 647 to 682.

Its seat of government was first established as Yanran at Shanyu Tai, southwest of present-day Urat Middle Banner, the northern slope of Lang Shan. This was later shifted to Hanhai a short period before it was changed to Anbei. The seat of governance remained there until 687.

Pacification (military action)
In a military context, the term pacification refers to a process by which the cooperation or surrender of a population is secured by military force or other means of coercion. The term originated in the Roman Empire where it saw popular usage in the context of the Roman ideal of pax (peace) and Roman imperial expansion. According to historian Myles Lavan, the Latin term pacare (to pacify) evoked to the Romans a grand project of peace-making while, in English, "pacified" has since crystallised as a euphemism for the suppression of resistance to state power.

From 1880 onward the term saw popular usage by colonial empires as a pretext for war under the guise of protecting populations, alongside the colonial concept of protectorates. The term pacification is therefore often presented in quotation marks by contemporary historians.
Nikki Stone
Nicole Stone (born February 4, 1971) is a former American Olympic skier. She was born in Princeton, New Jersey, and has resided in Beaufort, South Carolina.

Nikki Stone, who competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, is best known for being the first American to win a gold medal as inverted aerial skier. Aerial Skiing is a sport where athletes ski into a 10 feet (3.0 m) snow jump at approximately 40 miles per hour (64 km/h), flip and/or twist to a height of 50 feet (15 m) and land on a 45 degree hill.

Eighteen months before this second Olympic appearance, Stone sustained a career-threatening spinal injury in which doctors believed she would never jump again.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Wedding of Princess Beatrix and Claus van Amsberg
The wedding of Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus van Amsberg took place on Thursday, 10 March 1966, in Amsterdam, Netherlands. They were married first in a civil ceremony at the Prinsenhof, after which the marriage was religiously blessed in the Westerkerk. The bride was the eldest daughter of Queen Juliana and heir presumptive to the Dutch throne. The groom was an untitled German nobleman. The engagement of the future queen to a German caused an uproar among some Dutch people and the wedding was marred by protests.

Beatrix later reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 until her abdication in 2013.

Princess Christina of the Netherlands
Princess Christina of the Netherlands (Maria Christina; 18 February 1947 – 16 August 2019) was the youngest of four daughters of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She taught singing in New York and was a long-term supporter of the Youth Music Foundation in the Netherlands. Born visually impaired, she worked to share her knowledge of dance and sound therapy with the blind.

She renounced her and her descendants' rights to the throne before marrying Cuban exile Jorge Guillermo in 1975, and converted to Catholicism in 1992. The couple had three children and built up an extensive art collection, before they divorced in 1996. Christina died of bone cancer in 2019.
Kovalchuk
Kovalchuk (Ukrainian and Russian: Ковальчук), Kavalchuk (Belarusian: Кавальчук), Kowalczuk, Later Kovalčuk (Polish), Covalciuc (Romanian), also transliterated as Kowalchuk (in the North American diaspora), is a common East Slavic surname (one of the most popular in Ukraine). The Kovalchuk name extends back to before 1500 AD in Kievan Rus.

Koval (Коваль) translates as forge or blacksmith. The suffix -chuk denoted as either a son of, or an apprentice to a blacksmith. It is somewhat similar in commonality to the English surname Smith. It is also cognate with the very popular Polish surnames Kowalczyk and Kowalski.

In East Slavic languages, the correct pronunciation is ko-vahl-CHOOK. Among Ukrainian Canadians, the pronunciation ko-WAL-chuk is more common.

Forge
A forge is a type of hearth used for heating metals, or the workplace (smithy) where such a hearth is located. The forge is used by the smith to heat a piece of metal to a temperature at which it becomes easier to shape by forging, or to the point at which work hardening no longer occurs. The metal (known as the "workpiece") is transported to and from the forge using tongs, which are also used to hold the workpiece on the smithy's anvil while the smith works it with a hammer. Sometimes, such as when hardening steel or cooling the work so that it may be handled with bare hands, the workpiece is transported to the slack tub, which rapidly cools the workpiece in a large body of water. However, depending on the metal type, it may require an oil quench or a salt brine instead; many metals require more than plain water hardening. The slack tub also provides water to control the fire in the forge.
Anders Nicolai Kiær
Anders Nicolai Kiær (Drammen, 15 September 1838 – Oslo, 16 April 1919) was a Norwegian statistician who first proposed that a representative sample rather than a complete enumerating survey could and should be used to collect information about a population.

He was born in Drammen as the son of ship-owner Niels Andersen Kiær (1802–1887), and brother of physician and historian Frantz Casper Kiær. He graduated as cand.jur. in 1860, and was hired as head of the statistics department in the Ministry of the Interior in 1868. In 1877 he was appointed director of the newly appointed office Statistics Norway, staying in this position until 1913. Before 1882 he functioned as a co-director together with Jakob Mohn.

Anders Nicolai Kiær was a nephew of Hans Andersen Kiær and first cousin of businessmen Hans Theodor and Anders F. Kiær. The latter founded the company And. H. Kiær & Co.

Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion (Norwegian: Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet, AID) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1846. It is responsible for the labour market, the working environment, pensions, welfare, social security, integration, immigration and asylum. Since 2023 the ministry has been led by Tonje Brenna of the Labour Party.
Luit Academy Junior College
The Luit Academy Junior College is an AHSEC-affiliated institution in Dhamdhama, Assam, India. It was founded in 2007 to provide higher education to economically challenged people in its area, especially those belonging to Scheduled Castes and Tribes.

Assam Higher Secondary Education Council
The Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC) was a state education regulatory board under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Education, Government of Assam that is responsible to regulate, supervise and develop the system of Higher Secondary Education in the State of Assam.
L'Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe
L'Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe (English: The Hoopoe and the Triumph of Filial Love) is an opera by Hans Werner Henze with a German libretto by the composer, inspired by Arab and Persian legends. This is Henze's 15th, and self-stated final, opera, and the first where he has written his own libretto.

The opera was first performed at the Salzburg Festival on 12 August 2003 in a co-production with the Deutsche Oper Berlin and the Teatro Real, Madrid, staged by Dieter Dorn, set by Jürgen Rose. For the premiere, the originally scheduled conductor was Christian Thielemann and the original singer scheduled as "The demon" was Ian Bostridge, but in their places, Markus Stenz conducted and John Mark Ainsley sang "The demon".

Critics have noted stylistic allusions to the music of Alban Berg and Igor Stravinsky, as well as to the operas Die Entführung aus dem Serail, The Magic Flute, Die Frau ohne Schatten, Tristan und Isolde and Parsifal.

Salzburg Festival
The Salzburg Festival (German: Salzburger Festspiele) is a prominent festival of music and drama established in 1920. It is held each summer, for five weeks starting in late July, in Salzburg, Austria, the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart's operas are a focus of the festival; one highlight is the annual performance of Hofmannsthal's play Jedermann (Everyman).

Since 1967, an annual Salzburg Easter Festival has also been held, organized by a separate organization.
Lenka (album)
Lenka is the debut studio album by Australian recording artist Lenka. It was released on 23 September 2008 by Epic Records. Produced by John Alagía, Mike Elizondo, Pierre Marchand, Stuart Brawley, and Jason Lader, it topped the Billboard Heatseekers and Pacific & South Atlantic charts.

The album's lead single, "The Show," was moderately successful, peaking at number 25 on the Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart. The second single, "Trouble Is a Friend," had less success, reaching number 65 on the German Singles Chart. AllMusic's Andrew Leahey praised Lenka as one of 2008's strongest newcomers, highlighting her vocal ability, songwriting, and catchy melodies, while noting the album's playful yet polished nature.

John Alagía
John Justin Alagía is an American record producer, composer, mixer and co-founder of Drive Music. Alagia has worked with artists including Lukas Nelson, Paul Simon, Herbie Hancock, Dave Matthews, John Mayer, Jason Mraz, Serena Ryder, Brett Dennen, Rachael Yamagata, Ben Folds, Lifehouse and many others.

In his early years, Alagía honed his recording and production skills with friend Douglas Derryberry at Rutabaga Studios in Arlington, Virginia. Derryberry and Alagía were also an acoustic rock duo, having released three albums and done extensive touring along the East Coast. Together, they recorded and produced many Mid-Atlantic acts ranging from DMB, Vertical Horizon, Edwin McCain to Ben Folds Five and others. Today, John resides at the Village Recorder in West Los Angeles.
EBOH
Eendracht Brengt Ons Hoger (EBOH) is a Dutch current amateur and former professional association football club from Dordrecht. The club was founded in 1921 and played in professional football from 1954 to 1962. Its first squad currently plays in the Tweede Klasse E (Saturday) 2024-2025.

Tweede Klasse
The Tweede Klasse (English: Second Class) is the seventh tier of football in the Netherlands and the fifth tier of Dutch amateur football. The league is divided into 21 divisions, 12 played on Saturday and nine on Sunday.

Each division consists of 14 teams. The champions are promoted to the Eerste Klasse (First Class), and the teams finishing 13th and 14th are relegated to the Derde Klasse (Third Class). Each season is divided into a number of periods (Dutch: periodes). The winners of these periods qualify for promotion playoffs, provided they finish in the top nine overall in the season. The teams finishing 12th in the final rankings play relegation playoffs.