hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Burning Valley
Burning Valley is a 1953 coming-of-age novel by the American writer Phillip Bonosky set in the steel valley of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during the 1920s. It was originally published in the Communist Party publication Masses and Mainstream. In 1998 it was reprinted as part of the series "The Radical Novel Reconsidered" by the University of Illinois Press.

The novel tells the story of Benedict Bulmanis, son of an immigrant Lithuanian steelworker, who feels called to the Roman Catholic priesthood, but is torn by local political events as steelworkers struggle to organize in the face of corporate expansion. Banks and millowners plan to clear land in the Monongahela River Valley for a new steel mill, but it means forcing workers from their homes. This expansion and technological upgrading will increase production but lay off thousands. The workers and homeless rebel, in an echo of the Steel strike of 1919, and young Benedict must choose sides.

Monongahela River
The Monongahela River (/məˌnɒŋɡəˈhiːlə/ mə-NONG-gə-HEE-lə, /-ˈheɪ-/ -⁠HAY-), sometimes referred to locally as the Mon (/mɒn/), is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania. The river flows from the confluence of its west and east forks in north-central West Virginia northeasterly into southwestern Pennsylvania, then northerly to Pittsburgh and its confluence with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The river includes a series of locks and dams that makes it navigable.
Boerenjongens
Boerenjongens (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbuːrəˈjɔŋə(n)s] ⓘ or [ˌbuːrəˈɲɔŋə(n)s]) is a Dutch dish of raisins soaked in brandy. The name means "farmer boys" in Dutch. This recipe is traditionally consumed at holidays or birthdays, and is often a topping option at pancake restaurants. In the city of Groningen and other cities in the countryside like Enschede there is often boerenjongens-flavoured ice cream for sale.

In America, it is sometimes made with whiskey instead of brandy.

A variation to this recipe, apricots in brandewijn, is called boerenmeisjes (English: farmer girls).

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
Bakkevig
Bakkevig is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Agnes Bakkevig (1910–1992), Norwegian politician

Ludvig Johan Bakkevig (1921–2013), Norwegian engineer and Christian leader

Trond Bakkevig (born 1948), Norwegian priest and organizational leader

Agnes Bakkevig
Agnes Bakkevig  (7 March 1910 – 3 February 1992) was a Norwegian politician.

She was elected deputy representative to the Storting for the periods 1961–1965,  1965–1969 and 1969–1973 for the Conservative Party. She replaced Edvard Isak Hambro at the Storting from May to September 1966.
2010 Whites Drug Store Classic
The 2010 Whites Drug Store Classic was held from November 11 to November 14 at Swan Lake Curling Club in Swan Lake, Manitoba. In the final, defending champion Kevin Martin of Alberta defeated Darrell McKee of Saskatchewan 6–2 in 7 ends.

Darrell McKee
Darrell McKee (born c. 1963) is a Canadian curler from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He is a Canadian Senior Champion, two-time provincial champion in men's, one-time Saskatchewan mixed champion, and five-time Saskatchewan senior champion.
Marcel Haëntjens
Marcel Marie Louis Haëntjens (24 June 1869 – 10 June 1915) was a French croquet player. He competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in both the one ball singles and the two ball singles and did not finish in either.

Croquet
Croquet (UK: /ˈkroʊkeɪ, -ki/ or US: /kroʊˈkeɪ/) is a sport which involves hitting wooden, plastic, or composite balls with a mallet through hoops (often called "wickets" in the United States) embedded in a grass playing court.

The sport was codified in England in the 1860s and then spread overseas. However, similar games have been recorded back to the late Middle Ages. Today, there are several variations of the game.

At its highest level, the game is played internationally with top players coming from Australia, England, Spain, Egypt, South Africa and the United States amongst other countries.

The sport can be played equally well by men and women. In 2018, two international championships open to both sexes were won by women.
Benjamin Caryl House
Benjamin Caryl House is a historic house museum located in Caryl Park at 107 Dedham Street in Dover, Massachusetts.

The Reverend Benjamin Caryl was the first minister of Springfield Parish, then in a part of Dedham which is now Dover. He built the house around the year 1777. Benjamin's son George, who was the town's first doctor, and their descendants occupied the house until 1897. Since 1920 the building has been owned and operated by the Dover Historical Society. The house retains its architectural integrity and has been carefully restored with period furnishings to reflect life in the 1790s when the first two Caryl families lived and worked there together. It is currently operated as a historic house museum by the Historical Society.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Vehicle registration plates of the Federated States of Micronesia
The Federated States of Micronesia requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current plates are North American standard 6 by 12 inches (152 mm × 305 mm).

The designs of the plates vary by state, with Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap each issuing their own plates.

Although the history of the license plates of these islands is not well-documented, Chuuk, then known as Truk, had license plates as early as 1964.

Chuuk State
Chuuk State (/ˈtʃuːk/; also known as Truk) is one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It consists of several island groups: Nomoneas, Faichuuk, the Hall Islands, Namonuito Atoll (Magur Islands), Pattiw (Western Islands), and the Mortlock Islands. Chuuk is by far the FSM's most populous state, with 50,000 inhabitants on 120 square kilometers (46 square miles). Chuuk Lagoon is where most people live. Weno island, in the lagoon, is Chuuk's state capital and the country's biggest city. It may hold a referendum on independence in the near future, although this referendum has been repeatedly postponed.
Baghicha Dheri
Baghicha Dheri (باغیچہ ڈھیری) also known as Chota Wilayat is a village and union council of Mardan district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the biggest village of Dheri union council wherein Jadoon,Wali Khel Miangan, Mulan, Alizai Durrani, Awan, Dilzak, KakaKhel, Aku Khel, Uttmanzai, Lal Khel, Baghwanan, Behzad Khel, Kulalan, Juhlagan tribes live.

It is located at 34°1'N 72°57'E at an altitude of 514 metres (1689 feet).

Alizai (Pashtun tribe)
Alizai or Alizay (Pashto: علیزی; Persian: علیزایی) is a Pashtun tribe in southwestern and central Afghanistan. It belongs to the Panjpai confederation of the larger Durrani tribe of Ahmad Shah Durrani. Qadyr Alizai, an entrepreneur and economist in Kabul, is the chief. Their heartland is Zamindawar, north of Helmand province. They primarily inhabit the Musa Qala district.
Sidewalks of New York (1923 film)
Sidewalks of New York is a 1923 American silent melodrama film directed by Lester Park and written by Willard King Bradley, based on the song by James W. Blake and Charles B. Lawlor.  The film stars Hanna Lee, Bernard Siegel, and Templar Saxe.

Charles B. Lawlor
Charles B. Lawlor (June 2, 1852 – May 31, 1925) was an American vaudeville performer and composer of popular songs. He was born in Ireland and emigrated to the United States in 1869.
Lawlor is primarily remembered today as the composer of the 1894 song, "The Sidewalks of New York," a song for which he wrote the melody. The lyrics are by James W. Blake (23 September 1862 – 24 May 1935). Although the song was popular immediately after it was written, Lawlor, as well as the lyricist, Blake, rose to renewed prominence when the song became the theme song of the 1928 Democratic presidential candidate,  Alfred E. Smith. Lawlor was part of a vaudeville team with songwriter and performer James Thornton.

Lawlor's other compositions include: "You’re the Best Little Girl of Them All", "Irish Liberty", "Pretty Peggy", and "The Mick Who Threw the Brick".
Agum II
Agum II (also known as Agum Kakrime) was possibly a Kassite ruler who may have become the 8th or more likely the 9th king of the third Babylonian dynasty sometime after Babylonia was defeated and sacked by the Hittite king Mursilis I in 1595 BC (middle chronology), establishing the Kassite Dynasty which was to last in Babylon until 1155 BC. A later tradition, the Marduk Prophecy, gives 24 years after a statue was taken, before it returned of its own accord to Babylon, suggesting a Kassite occupation beginning around 1507 BC.

The only historical source describes him as son of Urzigurumaš, the 6th king of the dynasty, but the Synchronistic King List has two lacunae where the 8th and 9th kings precede Burna-Buriaš I, who was the 10th. The 7th position is occupied by a name containing “Ḫarba.” It has been suggested that the 9th position may show traces of the name “Kakrime”, purported to mean Sword of Mercy or Weapon of Thunder.

Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacuna (pl. lacunae or lacunas) is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or musical work. A manuscript, text, or section suffering from gaps is said to be "lacunose" or "lacunulose".

Weathering, decay, and other damage to old manuscripts or inscriptions are often responsible for lacunae - words, sentences, or whole passages that are missing or illegible. Palimpsests are particularly vulnerable. To reconstruct the original text, the context must be considered. In papyrology and textual criticism, this may lead to competing reconstructions and interpretations. Published texts that contain lacunae often mark the section where text is missing with a bracketed ellipsis. For example, "This sentence contains 20 words, and [...] nouns," or, "Finally, the army arrived at [...] and made camp."
Kashmiris in Azad Kashmir
Kashmiris in Azad Kashmir are the ethnic Kashmiri people who reside in Azad Kashmir, a territory which constitutes part of Pakistani-administered Kashmir since the end of the First Kashmir War. Their demographic includes up to 40,000 registered Kashmiri refugees who have fled the Kashmir Valley, located in Indian-administered Kashmir, to Pakistan since the late 1980s due to conflict in the region.

As of 2010, only around 60 percent of Kashmiri refugees had acquired Pakistani citizenship. As of 2025, according to an official communiqué, over 9,500 refugee families, comprising approximately 46,000 individuals, continued to live in poor conditions in camps and rented accommodations across various areas of Azad Kashmir, including Mirpur, Kotli, Bagh, Muzaffarabad, and Jhelum Valley.

Pakistani nationality law
The primary law governing nationality of Pakistan is the Pakistan Citizenship Act, 1951, which came into force on 13 April 1951.

With few exceptions, all individuals born in the country are automatically citizens at birth. Foreign nationals may naturalise as Pakistani citizens after residing in the country for at least five years and showing proficiency in at least one vernacular language of Pakistan. Commonwealth citizens who make a substantial financial investment in the state are eligible for a facilitated naturalisation process.

Pakistan was previously ruled by the British Empire and local residents were British subjects and British protected persons. Although Pakistan gained independence in 1947 and Pakistanis no longer hold British nationality, they remain Commonwealth citizens under British law. When residing in the United Kingdom, Pakistani citizens are eligible to vote in UK elections and serve in public office there.
Gilles Fontaine
Gilles Fontaine (1948 – November 1, 2019) was a professor of astrophysics at the Université de Montréal in Quebec, Canada.

Fontaine's research interests included theoretical and observational studies of white dwarfs, sub-dwarf stars and astroseismology (the interpretation of variations in brightness of certain pulsating or vibrating stars to understand their interior structure). In particular, he found that white dwarfs can serve as test benches for the equation of state, the coefficient of transport, and the phase transition between solid and liquid states at very high densities.

Equation of state
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of pure substances and mixtures in liquids, gases, and solid states as well as the state of matter in the interior of stars. Though there are many equations of state, none accurately predicts properties of substances under all conditions. The quest for a universal equation of state has spanned three centuries.
Lelydorp
Lelydorp (Sranan Tongo: Kofi Djompo) is the capital city of Wanica District, located in Suriname’s north. With a population of 18,663 (2012), it is the second largest city in Suriname, after Paramaribo.

Paramaribo
Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 252,581 people as of 2025 estimate, almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.
Boundary-Similkameen
Boundary-Similkameen is a provincial electoral district in British Columbia that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly from 1966 to 1991 and since 2009.

The riding was established during the 2008 British Columbia electoral redistribution and was first contested in the 2009 general election. It was created out of parts of Penticton-Okanagan Valley, West Kootenay-Boundary and Yale-Lillooet.

Princeton, British Columbia
Princeton is a town municipality in the Similkameen region of southern British Columbia, Canada. The former mining and railway hub lies at the confluence of the Tulameen into the Similkameen River, just east of the Cascade Mountains. At the junction of BC Highway 3 and 5A, the locality is by road about 67 kilometres (42 mi) northwest of Keremeos, 133 kilometres (83 mi) east of Hope, and 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Merritt.
Thank Your Lucky Stars (Whitehouse album)
Thank Your Lucky Stars is the tenth studio album by power electronics band Whitehouse, released in 1990 through the newly formed Susan Lawly label. Recorded in September 1988, it was the group's first studio album after a period of inactivity during the later half of the 1980s and the first to feature contributions from writer and musician Peter Sotos and production work from Steve Albini. A special edition was issued in 1997 on CD format that contained bonus tracks previously released on other Whitehouse albums and singles.

Power electronics (music genre)
Power electronics (also known as heavy electronics) is a subgenre of noise and industrial music, characterized by static, screeching waves of feedback, analogue synthesizers, sub-bass pulses and high frequency squealing sounds.
Al-Hazim
Al-Hazim (Arabic: الحزم)  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah, in the Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Hazim had a population of 1,557 at the time of the 2004 Census. By 18 February 2025, the village had a resident population of 1,513 people.

Hama District
Hama District (Arabic: منطقة حماة Ḥamā) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the time of the 2023 Census, it had a population of 1,054,000 Its administrative centre is the city of Hama. It is now controlled by the Syrian transitional government
Mitchell Depot Historical Museum
Mitchell Depot Historical Museum is located in Mitchell, Georgia, Glascock County, Georgia in the United States. The former railroad depot is now a museum located along Georgia Highway 102 in downtown Mitchell. It was a station on the Augusta Southern Railroad.

Augusta Southern Railroad
The Augusta Southern Railroad (reporting mark AUS) was established on May 1, 1893, through a reorganization of the Augusta, Gibson & Sandersville Railroad.

The railroad acquired the Sandersville & Tennille Railroad in 1894 and then in 1897 was leased by the South Carolina & Georgia Railroad. The lease ended in 1901 at which time the Southern Railway took control.

The Georgia & Florida Railway acquired control of the Augusta Southern in about 1918, and purchased the property directly on October 31, 1919. Part of the line was abandoned in 1934; the remaining portion is operated by Norfolk Southern Railway north of Hephzibah, Georgia.
V. S. Sunil Kumar
V. S. Sunil Kumar (born 30 May 1967) is an Indian politician and the former Minister for Agriculture, Kerala.
In 2011, he was elected from Kaipamangalam constituency and in 2016, from Thrissur constituency to Kerala Legislative Assembly.

He is a member of the Communist Party of India. He started his political career with All India Students' Federation at time of his high school life. He is an alumnus of Sree Kerala Varma College, Thrissur and completed his LL.B from Kerala Law Academy Law College, Thiruvananthapuram. He was holding different posts in AISF State and National level and in 1998, was the National Secretary.

Thrissur Assembly constituency
Thrissur is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is P. Balachandran of CPI.
Berthold Englisch
Berthold Englisch (9 July 1851 in Hotzenplotz – 19 October 1897 in Vienna) was a chess master from Austria-Hungary.

Englisch was born in Austrian Silesia, Austrian Empire into a Jewish family. He earned his living as a stock-market agent.

He won the tournaments at Leipzig 1879 (the 1st DSB Congress), at Wiesbaden 1880 (ex-equo with Blackburne and A. Schwarz, ahead of Schallopp, Mason, Bird, Winawer, etc.) and at Vienna 1896 (Quadrangular).

He lost two matches against Vincenz Hruby in 1882 and to Emanuel Lasker in 1890, both scoring 1.5 : 3.5, and drew a match with Harry Nelson Pillsbury 2.5 : 2.5 (+0 –0 =5) in 1896, all in Vienna.

James Mason (chess player)
James Mason (19 November 1849 – 12 January 1905) was an Irish-American chess player, journalist and writer who became one of the world's best half-dozen players in the 1880s. Mason was ranked the number 1 player in the world by Chessmetrics during 11 separate months between August 1877 and June 1878.
Right! Right! Right!
Right! Right! Right! is a concert film by Melbourne-based rock band Jet, recorded from their performance at the Forum Theatre, Melbourne. The performance was on the tour following the release of their debut album, Get Born. The DVD also contains music videos of selected songs. In addition to this, it contains the documentary Take It Or Leave It, named after one of the band's songs, which records their early success and feelings on events that interrupted the progress and recording of Get Born.

Forum Theatre
The Forum Theatre (originally the State Theatre) is a historic theatre and former cinema now used as a live music and event venue located on the corner of Flinders Street and Russell Street in Melbourne, Australia.

Built in 1929, it was designed by leading US 'picture palace' architect John Eberson, in association with the local architectural firm Bohringer, Taylor & Johnson. Designed as an 'atmospheric theatre', the interior intended to evoke a Florentine walled garden, complete with a cerulean-blue ceiling sprinkled with lights like twinkling stars, mimicking a twilight sky.

It was renamed the Forum Theatre in 1962, converted into two separate cinemas in 1963, then after the cinemas' closure used for religious services for several years; however, since 1995, it has operated as live music and events venue Forum Melbourne, more commonly known simply as The Forum.
Swimming at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's 400 metre individual medley
The women's 400 metre individual medley competition of the swimming events at the 2015 Pan American Games took place on July 16 at the CIBC Pan Am/Parapan Am Aquatics Centre and Field House in Toronto, Canada. The defending Pan American Games champion was Julia Smit of the United States.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. The first two lengths were swum using the butterfly stroke, the second pair with the backstroke, the third pair of lengths in breaststroke, and the final two were freestyle. The top eight swimmers from the heats would qualify for the A final (where the medals would be awarded), while the next best eight swimmers would qualify for the B final.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology
National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), formerly known as the Department of Electronics and Accreditation of Computer Classes Society (DOEACC Society), is a Deemed University and scientific society that offers Information Technology and Electronics training at different levels. It is an autonomous body under the administrative control of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. NIELIT currently has 56 centers across the country, with its headquarters at New Delhi.

The origins of NIELIT can be traced back to 1974 when the Department of Electronics (DoE) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India, with assistance from the Swiss Development Corporation, established the first Centre for Electronic Design and Technology at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore. The primary objective was to bridge the gap between academic institutions and the industry by providing specialized training in electronics design.

Indian Institute of Science
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the Tata Institute. It was granted a deemed university status in 1958 and recognized as an Institute of Eminence in 2018.