hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Heraclea
The Battle of Heraclea took place in 280 BC between the Romans under the command of consul Publius Valerius Laevinus, and the combined forces of Greeks from Epirus, Tarentum, Thurii, Metapontum, and Heraclea under the command of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. Although the battle was a victory for the Greeks, they incurred severe losses.

Bruttians
The Bruttians (Latin: Bruttii or Brettii) were an ancient Italic people. They inhabited the southern extremity of Italy, from the frontiers of Lucania to the Sicilian Straits and the promontory of Leucopetra. This roughly corresponds to the modern region of Calabria.

Occupying originally the mountains and hills of modern Calabria, they were the southernmost branch of the Osco-Umbrian Italic tribes, and were ultimately descended from the Samnites through the process of ver sacrum.

They are remembered as pillagers and conquerors of the ancient Greek poleis in Magna Graecia and brave rebels of the Romans.

The Museo dei Brettii e degli Enotri in Cosenza contains much recent data on the Bruttii.
Kurt Koffka
Kurt Koffka (German: [ˈkɔfka]; March 12, 1886 – November 22, 1941) was a German psychologist and professor. He was born and educated in Berlin, Germany; he died in Northampton, Massachusetts, from coronary thrombosis. He was influenced by his maternal uncle, a biologist, to pursue science. He had many interests including visual perception, brain damage, sound localization, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology. He worked alongside Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler to develop Gestalt psychology. Koffka had several publications including "The Growth of the Mind: An Introduction to Child Psychology" (1924) and "The Principles of Gestalt Psychology" (1935) which elaborated on his research.

Psychological Bulletin
The Psychological Bulletin is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes evaluative and integrative research reviews and interpretations of issues in psychology, including both qualitative (narrative) and/or quantitative (meta-analytic) aspects. The outgoing editor-in-chief is Blair T. Johnson and the incoming one is Stefan G. Hofmann.
Minister of Tourism (France)
The Minister of Tourism is a cabinet member in the Government of France, frequently combined with Minister of Transportation, Minister of Public Works ("Ministre de l'Equipement"), Minister of Housing ("Logement"), Minister of Territorial Development ("Aménagement du territoire") and Minister of the Sea.

The current position of Minister of State for Foreign Trade, the Promotion of Tourism and French Nationals Abroad is held by Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne.

Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne (politician)
Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist ləmwan]; born 15 September 1977) is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who served as Secretary of State at the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs in the governments of successive Prime Ministers Édouard Philippe and Jean Castex from 2019 to 2022.
2018–19 Taça de Portugal
The 2018–19 Taça de Portugal (also known as Taça de Portugal Placard for sponsorship reasons) was the 79th edition of the Taça de Portugal, the premier knockout competition in Portuguese football. The competition began with first-round matches on 8 September 2018 and concluded with the final on 25 May 2019.

This edition was contested by 144 clubs, including teams from the top three tiers of the Portuguese football league system and representatives of the fourth-tier District leagues and cups. This was the first season to allow a fourth substitution during extra time.

Primeira Liga side Desportivo das Aves were the defending champions, but they were eliminated by Braga in the quarter-finals.

C.D. Aves
Clube Desportivo das Aves (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkluβɨ ðɨʃpuɾˈtivu ðɐz ˈavɨʃ]), commonly known as Desportivo das Aves, or simply as Aves, was a Portuguese football club based in Vila das Aves, Santo Tirso. The club was founded on 12 November 1930 and played at the Estádio do Clube Desportivo das Aves, which holds a seating capacity of 6,230.

As a sports club, it has football schools for junior players and two futsal teams for both men and women, as well as a football trial system to help younger players come through the academy. The club's official supporters' group was the Força Avense.
George Moffat Sr.
George Moffat (1810 – May 13, 1878) was a New Brunswick businessman and politician. He represented Restigouche in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1870 to 1877.

He was born in Gretna Green, Dumfriesshire, Scotland in 1810 and came to New Brunswick in 1830. He became a lumber merchant in Dalhousie, New Brunswick. Moffat was elected to the House of Commons in an 1870 by-election after the death of William Murray Caldwell. He died in Dalhousie at the age of 68.

His son Robert later represented Restigouche in the House of Commons and another son George replaced Robert in the House in 1887.

Dalhousie, New Brunswick
Dalhousie (/dælˈhaʊzi/ dal-HOW-zee) is a former town in Restigouche County, New Brunswick. It was dissolved in 2023, when it amalgamated with Charlo to form the new Town of Heron Bay. The name Dalhousie is still retained for address purposes. Heron Bay is the northernmost municipality in New Brunswick.
Oberon Peak
Oberon Peak (71°24′S 69°32′W﻿ / ﻿71.400°S 69.533°W﻿ / -71.400; -69.533) is an isolated nunatak, rising to about 1,250 m, at the head of Uranus Glacier and 8 nautical miles (15 km) north-northwest of Titania Peak in central Alexander Island, Antarctica. First mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1960. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for its association with nearby Uranus Glacier, Oberon being one of the satellites of Uranus.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Gap-dong
Gap-dong (Korean: 갑동이; RR: Gapdongi) is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Yoon Sang-hyun, Kim Min-jung, Sung Dong-il, Kim Ji-won and Lee Joon. It aired on cable channel tvN from April 11 to June 14, 2014 on Fridays and Saturdays at 20:40 (KST) for 20 episodes.

The series is based on the real-life Hwaseong serial murders.

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
Crypt (Unix)
In Unix computing, crypt or enigma is a utility program used for encryption.  Due to the ease of breaking it, it is considered to be obsolete.

The program is usually used as a filter, and it has traditionally been implemented using a "rotor machine" algorithm based on the Enigma machine. It is considered to be cryptographically far too weak to provide any security against brute-force attacks by modern, commodity personal computers.

Some versions of Unix shipped with an even weaker version of the crypt(1) command in order to comply with contemporaneous laws and regulations that limited the exportation of cryptographic software. Some of these were simply implementations of the Caesar cipher (effectively no more secure than ROT13, which is implemented as a Caesar cipher with a well-known key).

Caesar cipher
A Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions along the alphabet. For example, with a left shift of 3, D would be replaced by A, E would become B, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence.

The encryption step performed by a Caesar cipher is often incorporated as part of more complex schemes, such as the Vigenère cipher, and still has modern application in the ROT13 system. As with all single-alphabet substitution ciphers, the Caesar cipher is easily broken and in modern practice offers essentially no communications security.
Songo-Doubacoré
Songo-Doubacoré is a commune in the Cercle of Koutiala in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 232 square kilometers and includes 11 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 14,007. The village of Oula, the administrative centre (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 26 km northeast of Koutiala.

Sikasso Region
Sikasso Region (Bambara: ߛߌߞߊߛߏ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Sikaso Dineja) is the southernmost region of Mali. The region's capital city, Sikasso, is the country's second-largest city. Major ethnic groups include the Senoufo, known for masks and reverence for animals, the Samago, known for being Mali's best farmers, and the main ethnic group in Mali, the Bambara people.
Tha Thung Na Dam
The Tha Thung Na Dam (Thai: เขื่อนท่าทุ่งนา, RTGS: Khuean Tha Thung Na Dam, pronounced [kʰɯ̀a̯n tʰâː tʰûŋ nāː]) is a multi-purpose hydroelectric dam in the Mueang Kanchanaburi District of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. It impounds the Khwae Yai River. The dam is located at the southeastern corner of Erawan National Park.

Erawan National Park
Erawan National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติเอราวัณ) is a protected area in Western Thailand, in the Tenasserim Hills of Kanchanaburi Province. Founded in 1975, it was the 12th national park of Thailand.
Cetarthrosaurus
Cetarthrosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur known from the eastern United Kingdom. It was collected from the Cambridge Greensand Formation, dating to late Albian or early Cenomanian stage, of the Early Cretaceous-Late Cretaceous boundary. Cetarthrosaurus was first named by Harry G. Seeley in 1873 and the type species is Cetarthrosaurus walkeri.

Cambridge Greensand
The Cambridge Greensand is a geological unit in England whose strata are earliest Cenomanian in age. It lies above the erosive contact between the Gault Formation and the Chalk Group in the vicinity of Cambridgeshire, and technically forms the lowest member bed of the West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation. It is a remanié deposit, containing reworked fossils of late Albian age, including those of dinosaurs and pterosaurs.
A Snow White Christmas (musical)
A Snow White Christmas is a pantomime version of the fairytale Snow White, with a book by Kris Lythgoe and a score consisting of a pastiche of well-known pop tunes. It was first produced in 2011 at the El Portal Theatre in North Hollywood, California. The music includes songs by Katy Perry, Bruno Mars, Michael Jackson, The Village People, Britney Spears, Lady Gaga and Hall & Oates, among others. Like other pantomime-style musicals, the show includes magic, dancing, singing, acting, audience interactivity and sing-a-long segments.

North Hollywood, Los Angeles
North Hollywood (NoHo) is a neighborhood and district in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California. The neighborhood contains the NoHo Arts District, El Portal Theater, several art galleries, and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. The North Hollywood Metro Rail station is the northern terminus of the B Line subway on the Los Angeles Metro.

North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887. It was first named "Toluca" before being renamed "Lankershim" in 1896 and finally "North Hollywood" in 1927.
Pierre de Boissat
Pierre de Boissat (1603 in Vienne, Isère – 28 March 1662) was a soldier, writer, poet and translator.

Knight and Count Palatine, Boissat began his career in the military. He was one of the first members of the Académie française, and first to occupy the Academy's seat 31 in 1634.  Boissat translated Les fables d'Esope Phrygien, illustrées de Discours moraux, philosophiques et politiques, published in 1633 by his friend Jean Baudoin, used by Jean de La Fontaine. He is also attributed with Une Morale chrétienne and Une Histoire négropontique. His home, l'hôtel Pierre de Boissat, on rue des Orfèvres in Vienne, département Isère  (France) exists today as an historic monument.

Jean Baudoin
Jean Baudoin (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ bodwɛ̃]; 1662–1698) was a French Sulpician priest who served as a missionary in Acadia, and later as a chaplain during military expeditions carried on by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville.
Johann Saathoff
Johann Saathoff (born 9 December 1967) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Lower Saxony since 2013.

In addition to his parliamentary work, Saathoff has been serving as Parliamentary State Secretary in the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development in the government of Chancellor Friedrich Merz since 2025.

Saathoff was previously Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community in the coalition government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz (2021–2025) and the German government's Coordinator for Inter-Societal Cooperation with Russia, Central Asia and the Eastern Partnership Countries at the Federal Foreign Office in the coalition government of Chancellor Angela Merkel (2020–2021).

Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of the Interior  (German: Bundesministerium des Innern, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm dɛs ˈʔɪnɐn ʔʊnt fyːɐ̯ ˈhaɪmaːt] ⓘ; abbreviated BMI) is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Alexander Dobrindt. 
It is comparable to the UK Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies. The BMI is tasked with the internal security of Germany. To fulfill this responsibility it maintains, among other agencies, the two biggest federal law enforcement agencies in Germany, the Federal Police (including the GSG 9) and the Federal Criminal Police Office. It is also responsible for the federal domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
KMVR
KMVR (104.9 FM, "Rock 104.9") is a radio station licensed to serve Mesilla Park, New Mexico.  The station is owned by Bravo Mic Communications, LLC.  It airs an active rock music format featuring artists such as Disturbed, Godsmack, Metallica, Linkin Park, Green Day, and others. Its sister stations are KOBE, KVLC, KXPZ. KMVR-FM broadcasts on 104.9 from Mesilla Park NM.

KXPZ
KXPZ (99.5 FM, "Zia Country 99-5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Las Cruces, New Mexico owned and operated by Bravo Mic Communications. It also covers surrounding areas such as Truth or Consequences, Deming, Hatch and West Texas. Its studios are located in Las Cruces and its transmitter is located near Rincon.
James Faiva
James Nunu Fainga'anuku Faiva (born 13 June 1994) is a Tongan rugby union player who generally plays as a fly half represents Tonga internationally and currently plays for Italian Top10 Petrarca Padova. He was included in the Tongan squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup which is held in Japan for the first time and also marks his first World Cup appearance.

Tonga national rugby union team
The Tonga national rugby union team (Tongan: timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international rugby union. The team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi (Sea Eagles) and is governed by the Tonga Rugby Union. Like their Polynesian neighbours, the Tongans precede their matches with a traditional challenge – the Sipi Tau. They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Samoa. The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19–14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but having lost to New Zealand and Canada, were unable to achieve what would have been their first-ever presence at the quarter-finals.
Nikolay Kurganskiy
Nikolay Alekseevich Kurganskiy (born 19 March 1961 in Ekibastuz) is a former Kazakh professional football player. He played for FC Ekibastuzets in the Soviet Second League and Kazakhstan Premier League, appearing in over 400 league matches, scoring more than 150 goals.

Kurganskiy made seven appearances for the Kazakhstan national football team, scoring twice.

Soviet Second League
The Soviet Second League (Russian: Чемпионат СССР по футболу (вторая лига), Soviet football championship (Second League)) was the third highest division of Soviet football, below the Soviet First League. The league was formed in 1971 in place of the Class A Second Group of the Soviet football championship just a year after the division was downgraded to the third tier. Previously, the third-tier competition predecessor Class B was liquidated completely. The Second League remained in force until dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Rugby, Cape Town
Rugby is a residential suburb in the Milnerton area outside Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 4,042 residents with 1,297 households. The suburb is bordered by Ysterplaat, Brooklyn, Tijgerhof and Paarden Eiland. Lagoon Beach lies to the west of Rugby.

2011 South African census
The South African National Census of 2011 is the 3rd comprehensive census performed by Statistics South Africa.

The 2011 census was the first census to include geo-referencing for every individual dwelling in South Africa.
You Got the Love
"You Got the Love" is a song by British songwriting team the Source featuring American singer Candi Staton. Originally released in 1986, the song was remixed and re-released in 1991, 1997, and 2006. It has reached number three on the UK Singles Chart, number two on the UK Dance Singles Chart and number one on the UK Club Chart.

The song has been covered by other artists, including  as "You've Got the Love" by Florence and the Machine in 2009, which reached number five on the UK chart.

Frankie Knuckles
Francis Warren Nicholls Jr. (January 18, 1955 – March 31, 2014), known professionally as Frankie Knuckles, was an American DJ, record producer, and remixer. He played an important role in developing and popularizing house music, a genre of music that began in Chicago during the early 1980s and subsequently spread worldwide. In 1997, Knuckles won the Grammy Award for Remixer of the Year, Non-Classical. Due to his importance in the development of the genre, Knuckles was often called "The Godfather of House Music".
Lutica
Lutica is a genus of zodariid spiders that occurs only in North America on both the mainland California coast and the Channel Islands. Lutica abalonea is known from the coast west of Oxnard, California, Lutica clementea is known from San Clemente Island, Lutica maculata is known from Santa Rosa Island, and Lutica nicolasia is known from San Nicolas Island. It is believed that there is another species found on San Miguel Island, though it has not been described due to lack of adult specimens.

These spiders are found living in coastal sand dunes in and around clumps of foliage. Unlike many spiders, Lutica build web tubes that are covered in sand. These tubes are used to detect prey, such as Coelus globosus, when they cross the tube, similar to the hunting style of purseweb spiders. Lutica also do not balloon as most spiders do but rather stay fairly close to their initial locations in their dune environment and non-reproductive terrestrial migration is uncommon.

Coelus globosus
Coelus globosus is a species of beetle in family Tenebrionidae. It is found in Mexico and the United States.

The Globose Dune Beetle inhabits foredunes and sand hummocks immediately bordering the coast from Bodega Bay Head to Ensenada, Baja California, and all of the Channel Islands except San Clemente Island.
Orgasm (cocktail)
The orgasm is a cocktail that can be served either on the rocks or layered and drunk as a shooter.

There are many versions of this popular mixed drink.  Bartending 101 gives one version as equal parts Amaretto, Kahlúa and Baileys Irish Cream. One version is "made on your B.A.C.K.", meaning it is made with Baileys, Amaretto, half and half (cream) and Kahlúa, with each ingredient having one part. Another variation contains 1/3 oz. each of Vodka, Amaretto, Triple Sec, White Crème de cacao, and 1 oz. of light cream. The "screaming orgasm" is often made with 2 cl Vodka, Kahlúa, Amaretto, and Bailey's, and 4 cl milk.

Since 2011, the cocktail is no longer part of the official IBA cocktails of the International Bartenders Association (IBA).

Triple sec
Triple sec is an orange-flavoured liqueur that originated in France. It usually contains 20–40% alcohol by volume.

Triple sec is rarely consumed neat, but is used in preparing many mixed drinks such as margaritas, cosmopolitans, sidecars, Long Island iced teas, and mai tais.
Jean Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières
Jean Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières (10 July 1786 in Lille – 23 June 1862 in Lambersart) was a merchant of Lille and an amateur mycologist. He was the editor of the scientific journals "Annales des sciences naturelles" and the "Bulletin de la société des sciences de Lille".

He was creator of the exsiccatae series "Plantes cryptogames du Nord de la France" (1825–1851) and "Plantes cryptogames de France" (1853–1861). In 1827 he published a treatise on the genus Mycoderma, titled "Recherches microscopiques et physiologiques sur le genre Mycoderma".

He was the binomial author of the fungi species Agaricus radians  and Aspergillus clavatus.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Svejda
Svejda or Švejda, female Švejdová is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Felicitas Svejda (1920–2016), Austrian-Canadian scientist

Jim Svejda (born 1947), American music commentator and critic

Viktorie Švejdová (born 2002), Czech ice hockey player

Felicitas Svejda
Felicitas Svejda (November 8, 1920 – January 19, 2016) was a federal scientist in Canada who developed roses that could survive Canada's short growing season and bitter winter conditions.
She led the rose-breeding program at the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (now Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) for nearly 25 years.
She developed the Explorer Rose Series named in honour of Canadian explorers.  Many of her roses also thrive in Finland, Russia, Iceland, Germany and Austria.
3rd Tony Awards
The 3rd Annual Tony Awards were held on April 24, 1949, at the Waldorf-Astoria Grand Ballroom in New York City, and broadcast on radio station WOR and the Mutual Network. The Masters of Ceremonies were Brock Pemberton and James Sauter.

Brock Pemberton
Brock Pemberton (December 14, 1885 – March 11, 1950) was an American theatrical producer, director and founder of the Tony Awards. He was the professional partner of Antoinette Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, and he was also a member of the Algonquin Round Table.