hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shastina
Shastina is a satellite cone of Mount Shasta.  It is the second youngest of four overlapping volcanic cones which together form the most voluminous stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.  At 12,335 feet (3,760 m), Shastina is taller than Mount Adams and would rank as the third highest volcano in the Cascades behind Mount Rainier and Shasta were it not nestled on the western flank of its higher neighbor.  Shastina has a topographic prominence of over 450 ft (137 m) above the saddle connecting it with Shasta and easily exceeds the typical mountaineering standard of 300 feet (91 m) for a peak to qualify as an independent summit, yet most lists of Cascade volcanoes omit it nonetheless.  The name "Shastina" is a diminutive of Shasta.

Shastina was formed during a VEI-4 eruption around 7650 BC that also involved activity at the summit of Mount Shasta and the Red Banks on Shasta's south flank.

Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A double diminutive is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one.
Jhokwala
Jhokwala is a village in Lodhran District of Pakistan's Punjab Province. It is located not far from Surma, north of the district headquarters of Lodhran. 
The two main ethnic groups of the village are the Saraikis in the southern parts, and Muhajir Rajputs in the north. The village was originally known as Wasti Jhok Aala.

Muhajir (Pakistan)
The Muhajir people (also spelled Mohajir and Mahajir) (Urdu: مہاجر) are a multi-origin ethnic group of Pakistan. They are the Muslim immigrants, of various ethnic groups and regional origins, who migrated from various regions of India after the 1947 independence to settle in the newly independent state of Pakistan, and their descendants.
Muhajirs come from various ethnic and regional backgrounds, with a significant portion of the community residing in Karachi and other major urban centers of Pakistan.

The total population of Muhajrs worldwide is estimated to be around 15 million, and the overwhelming majority of this figure (14.7 million) is located in Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistani census. Though the official controversial 2017 census of Karachi, which has historically hosted the country's largest Muhajir population, has been challenged by most of Sindh's political parties.
Sirko's campaigns
Sirko's campaigns were a series of raids and military actions carried out by Cossack leader Ivan Sirko during his fight against Crimean Khanate, Nogai Horde and Ottoman Empire, in 1654–1679.

Ivan Sirko's campaigns played a crucial role in weakening the Crimean Khanate, forcing the Tatars to retreat from areas of the Pontic–Caspian steppe and paved a way for settlers from Ukraine, which contributed to civilization of the Wild Fields.

Perekop
Perekop (Ukrainian & Russian: Перекоп; Crimean Tatar: Or Qapı; Greek: Τάφρος and Τάφραι and Τάφρη) is a village located on the Perekop Isthmus connecting the Crimean peninsula to the Ukrainian mainland. It is known for the Or Qapi fortress, which served as the gateway to Crimea. The village currently is part of Armiansk Municipality. Population: 919 (2014 Census).
Stealth startup
A stealth startup is a type of startup company that operates quietly and in silence to outsiders, avoiding public attention. This may be done to hide information from competitors (which may include non-disclosure agreements), or as part of a marketing strategy to manage public image and generate expectations and interest from potential clients. A stealth startup normally operates only in stealth mode for its first few years.

The phenomenon is well known in the venture capital (VC) community. Since investors may have to disclose funding a stealth startup, their names are made public; but often, only a general summary description is known about the company.

Marketing strategy
Marketing strategy refers to the set of coordinated actions undertaken by an organization to increase sales, strengthen market presence, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. It provides a structured and deliberate approach to promoting products or services by aligning organizational resources, market insights, and long-term objectives through systematic planning and analysis.

The field of strategic marketing emerged during the 1970s and 1980s as a distinct discipline, evolving from strategic management. Its central concern is the relationship between organizations and their markets, with particular emphasis on understanding customer needs and leveraging internal capabilities to create value that competitors cannot easily replicate. In recent years, digital technologies have significantly reshaped marketing strategy by enabling data driven decision making, personalized engagement, and real time performance measurement.
Georgi Atanasov Military Music School
The Georgi Atanasov Military Sergeant's Music School (Bulgarian: Средно сержантско военно музикално училище) was until 2001, an institution of the Bulgarian People's Army and the Bulgarian Armed Forces for military musicians. It created military music and performing staff for the brass bands of the military. It was named after Georgi Atanasov Bulgarian composer from Plovdiv.

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
2012 Papua New Guinean general election
General elections were held in Papua New Guinea from 23 June until around 13 July 2012, after being postponed by a further week to allow for security personnel to crisscross the country, particularly the highland provinces. The elections followed controversy over incomplete electoral rolls and a constitutional crisis caused by a dispute over the office of prime minister between Michael Somare and Peter O'Neill.

Michael Ogio
Sir Michael Ogio GCL GCMG CBE KStJ (7 July 1942 – 18 February 2017) was a Papua New Guinean politician who served as the ninth governor-general of Papua New Guinea from 2011 until his death in 2017. He was a member of the People's Democratic Movement party.
Hair grass
Hair grass is a common name for several plants and can refer to:

Agrostis hyemalis (winter bentgrass, ticklegrass)

Agrostis scabra, "hair grass" (rough bent grass, winter bent grass, ticklegrass)

Aira, hairgrass

Aira caryophyllea, silver hairgrass

Aira praecox, early hair grass

Corynephorus canescens, grey hair-grass

Deschampsia, hair grass

Eleocharis acicularis, dwarf hairgrass

Eleocharis parvula, "hairgrass" (dwarf spikerush, small spikerush)

Koeleria glauca, Blue Hair Grass

Koeleria macrantha, crested hair grass

Koeleria vallesiana, Somerset hair grass

Rostraria cristata, Mediterranean hair grass

Agrostis scabra
Agrostis scabra is a common species of grass known by the common names hair grass, rough bent, rough bent grass, winter bent grass, and ticklegrass. A tumbleweed, it is a bunchgrass native to Asia and much of North America, and widely known elsewhere as an introduced species.
Marvell Scott
Marvell Scott (born February 28, 1973) is a physician and former journalist.

He is a graduate of Wheaton Central High School in Wheaton, Illinois, a graduate of the University of Delaware and a graduate of Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine.

Scott was recruited from high school, and played as a football running back at the University of Illinois, in the Big Ten conference.  He played two seasons as a professional indoor football player in addition to playing semi-pro baseball as a pitcher. He also won a state championship in bodybuilding as a teen.

In 2002, Scott joined WABC-TV as its weekend sports reporter.

Scott is a New York state-licensed, nationally board-certified medical doctor, with an emphasis on preventive care and sports medicine. He is also a nationally-accredited exercise and performance expert who designs specialized fitness and wellness programs.

Boonshoft School of Medicine
The Boonshoft School of Medicine, also known as Wright State University School of Medicine, is an accredited medical school at Wright State University. It is located in Dayton, Ohio, United States and serves the Miami Valley region of southwestern Ohio. The school was renamed in 2005 in honor of Oscar Boonshoft who gifted $28.5 million to further medical education, research, and scholarship.
Lung Fong
Jimmy Lung Fong (龍方) was a Hong Kong actor, film director, and action choreographer. Lung was best known to moviegoers for his frequent portrayal of villains in various Hong Kong films, most notably in films made by Wong Jing. Lung retired from the film industry, and died from lung cancer in 2008.

Stage combat
Stage combat, fight craft  or fight choreography is a specialised technique in theatre designed to create the illusion of physical combat without causing harm to the performers. It is employed in live stage plays as well as operatic and ballet productions. With the advent of cinema and television the term has widened to also include the choreography of filmed fighting sequences, as opposed to the earlier live performances on stage. It is closely related to the practice of stunts and is a common field of study for actors. Actors famous for their stage fighting skills frequently have backgrounds in dance, gymnastics or martial arts training.
The Clouds Hill Tapes Parts I, II & III
The Clouds Hill Tapes Parts I, II & III is a session collection of twenty songs released on July 24, 2020, by Omar Rodríguez-López as a solo artist. It is a 3-LP set featuring new rerecorded versions of tracks from nine of Omar's twenty-three records released in the "Ipecac Series" of 2016–2017 and serves as a compilation grouping distinct genres of his vast array of music across three 180 gram 12" vinyl. It is Rodríguez-López's first release on Clouds Hill records since 2012.

Ipecac Recordings
Ipecac Recordings is an independent record label based in California. It was founded on April 1, 1999, by Greg Werckman (ex-label manager of Alternative Tentacles, ex-lead singer of DUH, ex-employee of Mercury Records) and Mike Patton (Faith No More, Mr. Bungle, Fantômas, Tomahawk, Peeping Tom, and Mondo Cane) in Alameda, California.

Originally, the label was created for the sole purpose of releasing the first Fantômas album. It has since distributed music by artists such as Melvins, Oxbow and Isis, as well as several of Patton's other projects and collaborations.

The label is named after syrup of ipecac, an emetic, or vomit-inducing, medicine. Its slogan is "Ipecac Recordings—Making People Sick Since 1999".
Joseph Caillot
Joseph Caillot (24 January 1733, in Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois, Paris – 30 September 1816, in Paris) was a French actor and singer.

He was endowed with a very wide compass which enabled him to sing as a basse taille (bass-baritone), while also reaching the haute-contre tones. According to Rodolfo Celletti "he was a baritenor and a bass at the same time": Grétry and Monsigny used to notate his parts in the bass clef, but set them in high-baritone tessiture.

André Grétry
André Ernest Modeste Grétry (French: [gʁɛtʁi]; baptised 11 February 1741; died 24 September 1813) was a 
composer from the Prince-Bishopric of Liège (present-day Belgium), who worked from 1767 onwards in France and took French nationality. He is most famous for his opéras comiques. His music influenced Mozart and Beethoven both of whom wrote variations on his works.
Hyatt Music Theater
The Hyatt Music Theater was a performing arts venue active from September 15, 1964 until December 31, 1965 in Burlingame, California, U.S.. It had 2,500 seats. The midcentury modern building was originally designed by architects Vincent G. Raney and Robert M. Blunk. The original concept was as a dinner theater, similar to the Circle Star Theater in nearby San Carlos.

It became the Hyatt Cinema Theatre on March 29, 1966 under Anza Pacific Corp., and was open until 2008. The movie theater was reconfigured by architect Vincent G. Raney, and had 950 seats. In later years it was called CineArts at Hyatt.

Dinner theater
Dinner theater (sometimes called dinner and a show) is a form of entertainment that combines a restaurant meal with a staged play or musical. In the case of a theatrical performance, sometimes the play is incidental entertainment, secondary to the meal. In the style of a night club, the play may be the main feature of the evening, with dinner less important or optional. "Dinner and a show" can also refer to a restaurant meal in combination with live concert music, where patrons listen to a performance during a break in the meal.

Dinner theater requires the management of three distinct entities: a live theater, a restaurant and, usually, a bar.
Peter Sterling (neuroscientist)
Peter Sterling (born June 28, 1940) is an American anatomist, physiologist and neuroscientist and Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. He is the author of What Is Health? Allostasis and the Evolution of Human Design (2020), and with Simon Laughlin, is an author of Principles of Neural Design.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
1948 Southern Rhodesian general election
General elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 15 September 1948. They saw Prime Minister Godfrey Huggins regain the overall majority he had lost in the previous elections in 1946. Huggins' United Party won a landslide, reducing the opposition Liberal Party to a small minority.

Godfrey Huggins
Godfrey Martin Huggins, 1st Viscount Malvern CH KCMG PC KStJ FRCS (6 July 1883 – 8 May 1971), was a Rhodesian politician and physician. He served as the fourth Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia from 1933 to 1953 and remained in office as the first prime minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland until October 1956, becoming the longest serving prime minister in British Commonwealth history, until 1961.
Rayner Goddard, Baron Goddard
William Edgar Rayner Goddard, Baron Goddard, GCB, PC (10 April 1877 – 29 May 1971) was Lord Chief Justice of England from 1946 to 1958, known for his strict sentencing and mostly conservative views despite being the first Lord Chief Justice to be appointed by a Labour government, as well as the first to possess a law degree. Goddard's no-nonsense reputation was reflected in a number of nicknames that he acquired, which included: "The Tiger", "Justice-in-a-jiffy", and — from Winston Churchill — "Lord God-damn". He is considered one of the last hanging judges.

Judicial corporal punishment
Judicial corporal punishment is the infliction of corporal punishment as a result of a sentence imposed on an offender by a court of law, including flagellation (also called flogging or whipping), forced amputations, caning, bastinado, birching, or strapping. Legal corporal punishment is forbidden in most countries, but it still is a form of legal punishment practised according to the legislations of Brunei, Iran, Libya, the Maldives, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Qatar, as well as parts of Indonesia (Aceh province) and Nigeria (northern states).
Goßler
Goßler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Henriette Gossler (1771-1836), German banker, heiress and socialite

Carl Goßler (1885–1914), German rower

Cornelius Freiherr von Berenberg-Gossler (1874–1953), German banker

Gustav Goßler (1879–1940), German rower

Gustav von Goßler (1838–1902), German politician

Heinrich von Gossler (1841–1927), Prussian general

Hermann Goßler (1802–1877), German jurist and politician, mayor of Hamburg

Johann Hinrich Gossler (1738-1790), German banker

John von Berenberg-Gossler (1866-1943), German banker and politician

Oskar Goßler (1875–1953), German rower

Stefan Gossler (born 1955), German actor

Oscar Goßler
Carl Oscar Goßler II (26 June 1875 in Hamburg – 15 February 1953 in Hamburg) was a German rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the German boat Germania Ruder Club, Hamburg, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours final B.
1935 Helena earthquake
The 1935 Helena earthquake occurred at 22:48:02 MDT on October 18 in Montana, with an epicenter near Helena. It had a magnitude of 6.2 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The temblor on that date was the largest of a series of earthquakes that also included a large aftershock on October 31 of magnitude 6.0 and a maximum intensity of VIII. Two people died in the mainshock and two others died as a result of the October 31 aftershock. Property damage was over $4 million.

Aftershock
In seismology, an aftershock is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake, in the same area of the main shock, caused as the displaced crust adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large earthquakes can have hundreds to thousands of instrumentally detectable aftershocks, which steadily decrease in magnitude and frequency according to a consistent pattern. In some earthquakes the main rupture happens in two or more steps, resulting in multiple main shocks. These are known as doublet earthquakes, and in general can be distinguished from aftershocks in having similar magnitudes and nearly identical seismic waveforms.
1924 Danish Landsting election
Landsting elections were held in Denmark on 23 September 1924, with the exception that the electors were elected on 18 September.

Of the seven constituencies the seats representing constituencies number one (Copenhagen), four (Odense and Svendborg County) and six (Hjørring, Aalborg, Thisted, Viborg and Randers County) were up for election.

Svendborg County
Svendborg County (Danish: Svendborg Amt) is a former province in Denmark, located on the southern half of the island of Funen in central Denmark. Svendborg County was established in 1793 and abolished in 1970 when it merged with Odense County forming the new Funen County.

The south Funen area was organized as Nyborg County in 1662, a province also including the Hindsholm peninsula. Hindsholm was incorporated into the new Odense County while the bulk of the former province was merged with Tranekær County and renamed to Svendborg County. This situation lasted until 1970 when Odense and Svendborg merged to form Funen County.

Svendborg County featured the market towns (købstæder) of Faaborg, Nyborg, Rudkøbing, Svendborg, and Ærøskøbing. The latter town became part of the province in 1864. In spiritual matters, the county belonged to the Diocese of Funen.
Who's in the House
"Who's in the House" is a novelty song and hit single by Fr. Brian and the Fun Lovin' Cardinals. It reached number three on the Irish Singles Chart, and spent 12 weeks in the top 40 in 2000.

The song came from Brendan O'Connor's satirical character "Fr. Brian" on Don't Feed the Gondolas (a comedy game show shown on RTÉ in the late '90s). A rap style song, it parodies the Catholic Church's attempts to be "cool" and "down with the kids" and contains the immortal chorus: "Who's in the House? Jesus in the House". It is unrelated to the 1993 American Pentecostal Christian rap song of the same name by Carman despite having the exact same name and the nearly identical lyrics of "Who's in the house? J.C! Jesus Christ is in the house!".

Both songs are essentially responsible for the popularity of the "Jesus in the house" lyric, one in Ireland and the other in the United States.

Don't Feed the Gondolas
Don't Feed the Gondolas is an Irish comedy panel show, that ran for four series on Network 2 between 1997 and 2001. The show was hosted by Seán Moncrieff and the longest-serving panellists were Brendan O'Connor and Dara Ó Briain.

The name of the show is attributed to a remark made by a Wicklow County Councillor, Jimmy Miley, during a meeting regarding Blessington Lake. When the meeting proposed putting a gondola on the lake, he remarked: "That's all very well, but who's going to feed it?"

A running gag of the show, whereby the host Seán Moncrieff would make prank calls under the alias 'Monica Loolly' and claim to be from a small town in Galway named Ahascragh.
David (2025 film)
David is a 2025 animated biblical musical film featuring the character of David from the Book of Samuel in the Old Testament. The film stars Phil Wickham, Brandon Engman, Asim Chaudhry, Miri Mesika, Mick Wingert, Will de Renzy-Martin, and Lauren Daigle. It is a follow-up to the five-part television miniseries Young David and tells the story of a young Israelite shepherd, poet and warrior who is predestined to become the new King of Israel. He embarks on a journey from beyond the shadow of an evil Philistine giant named Goliath to prove to his people that true power lies not in a kingship but in faith and freedom.

David was released in theaters in the United States on December 19, 2025, by Angel Studios. The film received mostly positive reviews from critics and has grossed $84 million, with more releases scheduled for international markets in 2026.

Jonathan (1 Samuel)
Jonathan (Hebrew: יְהוֹנָתָן‎ Yəhōnāṯān or יוֹנָתָן‎ Yōnāṯān; "YHWH has gifted") is a figure in the Book of Samuel of the Hebrew Bible. In the biblical narrative, he is the eldest son of King Saul of the Kingdom of Israel, and a close friend of David. He is described as having great strength and swiftness (2 Samuel 1:23) and excelling in archery (1 Samuel 20:20, 2 Samuel 1:22) and slinging (1 Chronicles 12:2).
Norwich Buddhist Centre
The Norwich Buddhist Centre (UK) was established in Norwich, Norfolk, England in 1976. The centre is run by people associated with a Buddhist organisation called the Triratna Buddhist Community, previously the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order, founded by Sangharakshita in 1968.

Sangharakshita
Dennis Philip Edward Lingwood (26 August 1925 – 30 October 2018), known more commonly as Sangharakshita, was a British spiritual teacher and writer. In 1967, he founded the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO), which was renamed the Triratna Buddhist Community in 2010.

Sangharakshita was and remains a highly controversial figure. For his supporters, he was a spiritual pioneer who introduced Eastern religious teachings to the West. For his detractors, he was a sexual predator who used his position to abuse vulnerable young men.