hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Danny Bonaduce
Dante Daniel Bonaduce (/ˈbɒnəˈduːtʃiː/; born August 13, 1959) is an American retired radio personality, actor, television personality and professional wrestler. Bonaduce is the son of veteran TV writer and producer Joseph Bonaduce (The Dick Van Dyke Show, That Girl, One Day at a Time and others).

Bonaduce became famous as a child actor of the 1970s on the TV sitcom The Partridge Family. He co-starred as Danny Partridge, the wisecracking, redheaded middle son of the singing family band (headed by Shirley Jones) and he portrayed the fictional pop group's bass guitar player. Since then, Bonaduce has starred in several other TV series, including the VH1 reality show Breaking Bonaduce in 2005, has done radio shows in Los Angeles and Philadelphia and hosted a morning talk/music show at Seattle radio station KZOK-FM from 2011 to 2023.

One Day at a Time (1975 TV series)
One Day at a Time is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS from December 16, 1975, to May 28, 1984. It stars Bonnie Franklin as a divorced mother raising two teenage daughters, played by Mackenzie Phillips and Valerie Bertinelli, and is set in Indianapolis.
Erwin v. State
Erwin v. State, 29 Ohio St. 186, 199 (1876), is a criminal case in which the court rejected the duty to retreat when using deadly force in self-defense.: 551  The court wrote that a faultless "true man" would not retreat.

Using "famous language",: 551  the court wrote:

"The law, out of tenderness for human life and the frailty of human nature, will not permit the taking of it to repel mere trespass, or even to save a life where the assault is provoked; but a true man who is without fault is not obliged to fly from an assailant, who by violence of surprise maliciously seeks to take his life or do him enormous bodily harm."

No true Scotsman
No true Scotsman or appeal to purity is an informal fallacy in which one modifies a prior claim in response to a counterexample by asserting the counterexample is excluded by definition. Rather than admitting error or providing evidence to disprove the counterexample, the original claim is changed by using a non-substantive modifier such as "true", "pure", "genuine", "authentic", "real", or other similar terms.

Philosopher Bradley Dowden explains the fallacy as an "ad hoc rescue" of a refuted generalization attempt. The following is a simplified rendition of the fallacy:
Glencarnie
Glencarnie was a provincial lordship in Strathspey, Scotland, co-extensive with the parish of Duthil. It was, alongside Badenoch, Lochaber, The Aird, Stratha'an, Abernethy, Strathbogie and Garioch, one of the eight militarised provincial lordships north of the Mounth that were first documented in the reign of William the Lion and held by families loyal to the crown. These may have been created to secure the Province of Moray during the uprisings of the MacWilliams between 1180 and 1230, or may be the result of an earlier plan to establish royal control over the valley of the Spey dating back to the defeat of Oengus of Moray at the Battle of Stracathro in 1130.

The lordship was associated with the family of the Earls of Strathearn for over 200 years until 1392, when it was exchanged with Thomas Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray for the lands of Easter and Wester Fochabers.

Duthil
Duthil (Scottish Gaelic: Daothal) is a small village, bypassed by the A938 road, at the junction with the road B9007, near Carrbridge in Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Just outside the village lies Duthil Old Parish Church and Burial Ground, which includes many memorials to members of Clan Grant and two mausolea of the Earls of Seafield.
Rakity
Rakity (Russian: Ракиты) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Rakity, Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai, a village in Mikhaylovsky District

Rakity, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, a village in Rubtsovsky District

Rakity, Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai
Rakity (Russian: Ракиты) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Rakitovsky Selsoviet, located in Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. As of 2016, its population was 2,185. The locality contains 15 streets.
Melrose, Arkansas
Melrose is an unincorporated community in Stone County, Arkansas, United States. Melrose is located on Arkansas Highway 14, 11.9 miles (19.2 km) west of Batesville. The Walter Gray House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Melrose.

Walter Gray House
The Walter Gray House is a historic house in rural southeastern Stone County, Arkansas.  It is located on the Melrose Loop, about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of Arkansas Highway 14 between Locust Grove and Marcella.  It is a single-story dogtrot house with an addition to its rear.  It is a wood-frame structure with weatherboard siding, with a hip-roof porch extending across its front facade, supported by chamfered posts.  At its west end is a chimney built out of square pieces of sawn stone, laid to present a veneer-like facade.  An L-shaped porch wraps around the rear addition.  The house was built in 1910 by Walter Gray, a local farmer, and represents the continued use of this traditional form of architecture into the 20th century.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Killing of Bijan Ghaisar
On November 17, 2017, Bijan C. Ghaisar, a 25-year-old American, was fatally shot by US Park Police officers Lucas Vinyard and Alejandro Amaya after a vehicular chase that followed a traffic collision along the George Washington Memorial Parkway in Northern Virginia. Ghaisar was unarmed and died ten days later in a hospital. A video of the shooting was released by Fairfax County Police, who had assisted with the chase.

The incident was investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In December 2019 Fairfax County prosecutors announced that they would seek an indictment for the killing that occurred in their jurisdiction but the assumption of a new prosecutor to that office resulted in further review. In October 2020, Vinyard and Amaya were charged with one count of manslaughter and one count of reckless discharge of a firearm. In court filings, they stated they acted in self defense.

Fairfax County Police Department
The Fairfax County Police Department, commonly referred to as FCPD, is the primary law enforcement agency serving Fairfax County, Virginia. FCPD serve a population of approximately 1,170,033 residents within an area of approximately 407 square miles (1,050 km2).
TESIS Aviation Enterprise
TESIS Aviation Enterprise was a cargo airline based in Moscow, Russia. It operated domestic and international charter cargo flights from Moscow to destinations including China, India, United Arab Emirates and Turkey. It also flies passenger charters around the world. It was established and started operations in November 1992. Its main bases were Domodedovo International Airport, Moscow and Irkutsk Airport. The Russian aviation authority is suspending flights effective 17 October 2008. The airline has not been taken over by Russian aviation fuel supplier TOAP that has blamed the credit crisis for the failure of the plan. It has then suspended operations with its two remaining B747-200F freighters on October 17, 2008.

International Airport Irkutsk
Irkutsk International Airport  (Russian: Международный Аэропорт Иркутск) (IATA: IKT, ICAO: UIII) is an international airport on the outskirts of Irkutsk, Russia, at a distance of 60 kilometers (37 miles) from Lake Baikal.
Hornellsville, New York
Hornellsville is a town in Steuben County, New York, United States. The population, not counting the city of Hornell, was 4,039 at the 2020 census. The name is taken from a prominent pioneer family.

The Town of Hornellsville is at the western border of the county, and surrounds the city of Hornell. Until 1906, the city of Hornell was named Hornellsville.

The name Hornellsville is used only in real estate or legal contexts, but rarely in conversation. This is because Hornell is much more frequently mentioned, and its boundaries are quite different.

New York's 36th congressional district
New York's 36th congressional district was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in New York. It was created in 1903 as a result of the 1900 census. It was eliminated as a result of the redistricting cycle after the 1980 census. It was last represented by John LaFalce who was redistricted into the 32nd district.
Reginald Golledge
Reginald George Golledge (born 6 December 1937 in Dungog, New South Wales; died 29 May 2009 in Goleta, California) was an Australian-born American Professor of Geography at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He was named Faculty Research Lecturer for 2009. He wrote or edited 16 books and 100 chapters for other books, and wrote more than 150 academic papers.

Golledge was a pioneer in the field of behavioral geography. When behavioral geography was divided into a humanistic and an analytical approach by the early 1970s, Golledge became the chief proponent of the latter one. In 1984 he became blind, and moved his focus to the geography of disability. Golledge was one of the developers (the others being psychologists Jack Loomis and Roberta Klatzky) of the UCSB Personal Guidance System.

Goleta, California
Goleta (/ɡəˈliːtə/ gə-LEE-tə; Spanish: [ɡoˈleta]; Spanish for "schooner") is a city in southern Santa Barbara County, California, United States. It was incorporated as a city in 2002, after a long period as the largest unincorporated populated area in the county. As of the 2000 census, the census-designated place (CDP) had a total population of 55,204. A significant portion of the census territory of 2000 was not included in the city. The population of Goleta was 32,690 at the 2020 census. It is known for being close to the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara.
2011 Chang-Sat Bangkok Open – Doubles
Gong Maoxin and Li Zhe were the defending champions, but Lee Hsin-han and Christopher Rungkat defeated them in the quarterfinals.
Pierre-Ludovic Duclos and Riccardo Ghedin won the title, defeating Nicholas Monroe and Ludovic Walter 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Riccardo Ghedin
Riccardo Ghedin (born 5 December 1985) is an Italian tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was 12 years old.

At the 2009 Wimbledon Championships, Ghedin advanced successfully through the qualifying rounds to reach his first and only grand slam main draw. He lost in three sets in the first round to Latvian Ernests Gulbis 2–6, 4–6, 4–6. In his career, he has reached 16 singles finals on the ITF Futures Tour which have resulted in winning five singles titles, and finishing runner-up 11 times. In doubles, he has won seven Challenger titles and 16 Futures titles.

Ghedin reached a career high singles ranking of world No. 222 on 10 August 2009. He reached a career high doubles ranking of world No. 109 on August 15, 2016.

He has played in four ATP Tour level matches, three in singles and one in doubles, but has yet to win one.
Plaint number
A plaint number is "an old-fashioned term for a claim number".

It was formerly used in the British court system.  The term continues to be used in Australia, and searches for court records in Australian use the plaint number.

Claims under administrative law for medical malpractice or other professional misconduct may also use a plaint number.

Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
San Juan Tepezontes
San Juan Tepezontes is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Its name is a Hispanicization of a Nawat term meaning "many hills".  It was incorporated in 1945. Its population as of 2004 was 3,269.

The town was severely damaged by earthquakes in 1857 and twice again in January 2001 and in February 2001.

Municipalities of El Salvador
The municipalities of El Salvador (Spanish: municipios) are the second-level administrative divisions within the Republic of El Salvador. These municipalities divide the country's departments and serve as the fundamental administrative units of local government.
Rafat (surname)
Rafat is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Taufiq Rafat, Pakistani poet

Payan Rafat, Iranian footballer and coach

Darius Rafat, Canadian music producer, composer, bandleader, music agent, and entrepreneur

Taqi Rafat, Iranian poet, playwright, critic, and journalist

Payan Rafat
Payan Rafat (Persian: پایان رأفت, born September 9, 1970, in Astara, Iran) is a retired Iranian footballer and current coach. He served his golden days in Persepolis. His style of play was similar to Iranian football legend Ali Daei. He is considered one of the most memorable players in history of Tehran derby, the rivalry between Persepolis and Esteghlal; as he received a punch from rival goalkeeper Parviz Boroumand in the famous derby played in 2000.
Omens (Lamb of God album)
Omens is the eleventh studio album by American heavy metal band Lamb of God. The album was released on October 7, 2022, through Epic Records and Nuclear Blast. It was produced by Josh Wilbur, who has collaborated with the band since 2006.

Omens sold 19,000 copies in its first week, including 5,100 of pure vinyl sales. It debuted at No. 15 on the Billboard 200, and also debuted at the No. 1 of Top Hard Rock Albums, No. 3 of Album Sales, No. 3 of Top Rock Albums and No. 5 of Vinyl Albums.

Nuclear Blast Records
Nuclear Blast Records is a German record label with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Donzdorf. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by thrash metal, melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes post-hardcore/metalcore labels SharpTone Records. Another post-hardcore/metalcore label, Arising Empire, was in Nuclear Blast's portfolio until its acquisition by Kontor New Media in 2020.

In October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.
Broken Swords
Broken Swords (Japanese: 秘剣破り, Hepburn: Hiken Yaburi) is a 1969 Japanese film directed by Kazuo Ikehiro. It is based on Kosuke Gomi's novel Hakuōki (薄桜記). The film depicts the early years of Horibe Yasubei and Tange Tenzen's relationship.

Kosuke Gomi
Yasusuke Gomi (20 December 1921 – 1 April 1980), known by his pen name Kosuke Gomi (五味 康祐, Gomi Kōsuke), was a Japanese novelist active during the Shōwa period of Japan. He is primarily known for his popular fiction on historical themes.
Uplees
Uplees is a remote hamlet north of Faversham, Kent in southeast England. It was a key part of the Faversham explosives industry during World War I, with the Cotton Powder Company importing raw materials via the deepwater channel of the Swale, and the associated Explosives Loading Company exporting completed bombs and shells. Employees came to work from Faversham on the Davington Light Railway of which Uplees was the northern terminus. It is in the civil parish of Oare.

At 2.20pm on Sunday 2 April 1916, a huge explosion ripped through the gunpowder mill at Uplees, when 200 tons of TNT ignited. The blast killed 105 people and many were buried in a mass grave at Faversham Cemetery.

Ton
A ton is any of several units of measure of mass, volume or force. It has a long history and has acquired several meanings and uses.

As a unit of mass, ton can mean:

the long ton, which is 2,240 pounds (1,016.0 kilograms)

the tonne, also called the metric ton, which is 1,000 kilograms (about 2,204.6 pounds) or 1 megagram.

the short ton, which is 2,000 pounds (907.2 kilograms)

Its original use as a unit of volume has continued in the capacity of cargo ships and in units such as the freight ton and a number of other units, ranging from 35 to 100 cubic feet (0.99 to 2.83 m3) in size.

Because the ton (of any system of measuring weight) is usually the heaviest unit named in colloquial speech, its name also has figurative uses, singular and plural, informally meaning a large amount or quantity, or to a great degree, as in "There's a ton of bees in this hive," "We have tons of homework," and "I love you a ton."
Bart Sims
Bartlet et Ultimus "The Caboose" Sims (May 9, 1878 – January 6, 1934) was an All-Southern college football end for the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South, a member of its 1899 "Iron Men". He also kicked the extra points; his 11 extra points against Cumberland is still a school record. A documentary film about the 1899 Team and Sims' role was released in 2022 called Unrivaled:  Sewanee 1899.

Sewanee Tigers football
The Sewanee Tigers football team represents Sewanee: The University of the South in the sport of American football. The Tigers compete in NCAA Division III as members of the Southern Athletic Association (SAA).

The 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team had three members of the College Football Hall of Fame on its roster: Henry Seibels, Henry D. Phillips, and Frank Juhan.
4C +01.02
4C +01.02 is a blazar located in the constellation of Cetus. It has a high redshift of (z) 2.099, with its distance estimated to be 10.663 billion light-years. It was first discovered as a faint astronomical radio source by astronomers in 1965 and subsequently identified with its quasi-stellar counterpart. This object hosts a superluminal jet and has a radio spectrum that is classified as flat.

Astronomical radio source
An astronomical radio source is an object in outer space that emits strong radio waves. Radio emission comes from a wide variety of sources. Such objects are among the most extreme and energetic physical processes in the universe.
Danielle Surprenant
Danielle Elizabeth Surprenant (née Hibbard; born June 28, 1985) is an American college athletics administrator who served as director of athletics for Western Illinois University from 2018 to 2022. She previously served as an associate athletic director at Western Illinois from 2017 to 2018, and at Quincy University from 2010 to 2017. Surprenant attended John Wood Community College for two years, before transferring to Saint Francis University, where she played for the Saint Francis Red Flash women's basketball team. Surprenant was named interim  athletic director at Western Illinois University on May 17, 2018 before being named permanent athletic director at Western Illinois on April 17, 2019. Surprenant resigned as athletic director at Western Illinois on March 11, 2022.

John Wood Community College
John Wood Community College (JWCC) is a public community college in Quincy, Illinois. It is one of 48, two-year, open-admission colleges of the Illinois Community College System organized under the Illinois Public Community College Act.
Dennis Gaubatz
Dennis Earl Gaubatz (Pronounced: GAW-bats) (born February 11, 1940) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions and the Baltimore Colts.

Gaubatz played college football for the LSU Tigers and was selected in the eighth round of the 1963 NFL draft by the Lions with the  111th overall pick. He was traded to the Colts for running back Joe Don Looney and an undisclosed draft choice on June 3, 1965.

He intercepted ten passes and recovered six fumbles in his seven-year NFL career, and was part of the Colts' 1968 NFL Championship team.

Gaubatz was on the cover of Sports Illustrated in November 1965.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Victor Alessandro Mundella
Victor Alessandro Mundella (3 December 1866 – 4 March 1939) was an English physicist, author and teacher. He was prominent in the field of Technical Education and was said to be among the leading educationalists of his time. He was Principal of the Technical College in Sunderland, England for 24 years.

Applied physics
Applied physics is the application of physics to solve scientific or engineering problems. It is usually considered a bridge or a connection between physics and engineering.
"Applied" is distinguished from "pure" by a subtle combination of factors, such as the motivation and attitude of researchers and the nature of the relationship to the technology or science that may be affected by the work. Applied physics is rooted in the fundamental truths and basic concepts of the physical sciences but is concerned with the utilization of scientific principles in practical devices and systems and with the application of physics in other areas of science and high technology.
Salote Yaya
Salote Yaya is a Fijian footballer. She has been a member of the Fiji women's national team.

Yaya is from Savusavu and was educated at St Bede's College.

In 2006 she was a member of the Fiji women's national under-20 football team. She then became a referee and in 2010 helped referee the Fiji FACT and Battle of the Giants. She rejoined the national team for the 2011 Pacific Games in Nouméa, which won bronze.

2011 Pacific Games
The 14th Pacific Games (French: 14e Jeux du Pacifique), also known as NC 2011 or Nouméa 2011, took place in Nouméa, New Caledonia, from August 27 to September 10, 2011. Nouméa was the 14th host of the Pacific Games. Upon closure of the registration for entries, "some 4,300 athletes" had registered from the twenty-two competing nations, although it was expected that not all would attend.
Filmfare Award for Best Actor
The Filmfare Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually at the Filmfare Awards to an actor via a jury; it is given by Filmfare for Hindi (Bollywood) films. The award was first given in 1954. The most recent winner, as of 2025, are Kartik Aaryan and Abhishek Bachchan.

Darsheel Safary
Darsheel Safary (born 9 March 1997) is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi, Gujarati films and television. Safary made his film debut with the leading role of a dyslexic student in Aamir Khan's directorial debut, the critically acclaimed drama Taare Zameen Par (2007), for which he won the Filmfare critic's Award for Best Actor.
Otto C.I
The Otto C.I, also known as the Otto KD.15, was a German two-seat biplane reconnaissance and bomber aircraft of the First World War designed and produced by Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik. The C.I was a rare example of an aircraft flown by the Central Powers which had a pusher configuration.

Benz Bz.III
The Benz Bz.III was a six-cylinder, water-cooled, inline engine developed in Germany for use in aircraft in 1914. Developing 112 kW (150 hp) at 1,400 rpm from 14.3 L (875 cu in), it powered many German military aircraft during World War I. It was replaced in production by the unrelated Benz Bz.IIIa. and eventually the V-8 Benz Bz.IIIb. The Benz Bz.III was built under licence in Sweden by AB Thulinverken, known as the Thulin E.