hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economic diplomacy
Economic diplomacy is a form of diplomacy that uses the full spectrum of economic tools of a state to achieve its national interests.  The scope of economic diplomacy can encompass all of the international economic activities of a state, including, but not limited to, policy decisions designed to influence exports, imports, investments, lending, aid, free trade agreements, among others.

Economic diplomacy is concerned with economic policy issues, e.g. work of delegations at standard setting organizations such as World Trade Organization (WTO). Economic diplomats also monitor and report on economic policies in foreign countries and give the home government advice on how to best influence or coerce them. Economic diplomacy employs economic resources, either as rewards or sanctions, in pursuit of a particular foreign policy objective. This is sometimes called "economic statecraft".

Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

Most factors of economic policy can be divided into either fiscal policy, which deals with government actions regarding taxation and spending, or monetary policy, which deals with central banking actions regarding the money supply and interest rates.

Such policies are often influenced by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as political beliefs and the consequent policies of parties.
1949 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1949.

In 1949 Bebop dominates the scene, but Dixieland is still being played. Miles Davis makes the first recordings with other artists of what will be known as Cool Jazz. The first LPs are issued, as are the first 45s.

Sarah Vaughan
Sarah Lois Vaughan (/vɔːn/,  March 27, 1924 – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer and pianist. Nicknamed "Sassy" and "The Divine One", and the "Queen of Bebop", she won two Grammy Awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award, and was nominated for a total of nine Grammy Awards. She was given an NEA Jazz Masters Award in 1989. Critic Scott Yanow wrote that she had "one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century".
Rose Street Foundry
57°28′51″N 4°13′36″W﻿ / ﻿57.480710°N 4.226797°W﻿ / 57.480710; -4.226797
Rose Street Foundry was an industrial facility established in Rose Street, Inverness in the 1830s. It was the property of the Inverness Iron Company until 1872 when the Northern Agricultural Implement and Foundry Company Limited was established to take over the Inverness Iron Company.

In 1881 this company was responsible for building the Greig Street Bridge, Inverness.

In 1885 a new premises were found at 18–21 Rose Street. The architect – and Provost of Inverness – Alexander Ross – who had obtained ironwork from the foundry for various of the buildings he had built – was engaged as the architect.

Aside from making agricultural implements, the company also worked on contracts for the Highland Railway.

There were two fires at foundry, the more seriously one being in 1888, with a second one in 1897.

Alexander Ross (architect)
Alexander Ross FRIBA LLD (9 July 1834 – 19 May 1925) was a 19th/20th century Scottish architect specialising in churches, especially for the Free Church of Scotland and the Scottish Episcopal Church. He was Provost of Inverness from 1889 to 1895.

He is probably the single most important person in moulding the city of Inverness, both socially and physically. Furthermore, he is responsible for a very high proportion of Inverness's churches, offices, public buildings, shops, tenements and villas.
Akira the Don
Akira the Don (real name Adam Jan Narkiewicz) is a British musician, DJ, producer, and YouTuber.

His music and production traverses the boundaries between pop, hip-hop, indie, and dance. He lists influences including Ice Cube, Adam Ant, Morrissey, Leonard Cohen, David Bowie and the Wu-Tang Clan. His debut album When We Were Young was co-produced by James Brown (Foo Fighters etc), Emile Haynie and  Danny Saber. In 2017, Akira the Don released mixtapes in the form of a new genre he created, referred to as "Meaningwave" – a fusion of wave music with meaningful lyrical content and lo-fi hip-hop.

Akira The Don can be found at :

Neville Goddard
Neville Goddard (February 19, 1905 – October 1, 1972) was a Barbadian writer, speaker and mystic in the New Thought movement. He grew up in Barbados and moved to the United States as a young adult. He taught various self-help methods for testing his own claim that the human imagination is omnificent, therefore rendering human imagination to be God. He achieved popularity by reinterpreting the Bible and the poetry of William Blake. He authored 14 books on this topic, covering spirituality, religion, and the human mind.
Uniform matroid
In mathematics, a uniform matroid is a matroid in which the independent sets are exactly the sets containing at most r elements, for some fixed integer r. An alternative definition is that every permutation of the elements is a symmetry.

Symmetry in mathematics
Symmetry occurs not only in geometry, but also in other branches of mathematics. Symmetry is a type of invariance: the property that a mathematical object remains unchanged under a set of operations or transformations.

Given a structured object X of any sort, a symmetry is a mapping of the object onto itself which preserves the structure. This can occur in many ways; for example, if X is a set with no additional structure, a symmetry is a bijective map from the set to itself, giving rise to permutation groups. If the object X is a set of points in the plane with its metric structure or any other metric space, a symmetry is a bijection of the set to itself which preserves the distance between each pair of points (i.e., an isometry).

In general, every kind of structure in mathematics will have its own kind of symmetry, many of which are listed in the given points mentioned above.
Kirka Sharif
The Khirka Sharif (Pashto: خرقه شريفه, romanized: Sacred Cloak;) is an Islamic building complex located in the center of Kandahar, Afghanistan. The complex, which includes gardens and the local congregational mosque, became notable in English literature during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, when British India was trying to establish friendship with Afghanistan. The complex houses a khirqa (believed to be the cloak of Muhammad) as worn by the Islamic prophet Muhammad during the Night Journey in 621 AH (1224/1225 CE).

Pashto alphabet
The Pashto alphabet (Pashto: پښتو الفبې, romanized: Pəx̌tó alfbâye) is the right-to-left abjad-based alphabet developed from the Perso-Arabic script, used for the Pashto language in  Afghanistan and Northwestern Parts of Pakistan.It originated in the 16th century through the works of Pir Roshan.
Rosalind Heggs
Rosalind M Heggs (born 1952) is an English former cricketer who played as an all-rounder. She was a right-handed batter and right-arm off break bowler. She played for Young England in the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup and the full England side in the 1978 Women's Cricket World Cup. She took 16 wickets at an average of 15.43 and scored 56 runs with a high score of 18 in her nine One Day Internationals. She played domestic cricket for Middlesex.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
A Woman of Impulse
A Woman of Impulse is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by Edward José and written by Eve Unsell based upon the play of the same name by Louis K. Anspacher. The film stars Lina Cavalieri, Gertrude Robinson, Raymond Bloomer, Robert Cain, Clarence Handyside, and Mathilde Brundage. The film was released on October 20, 1918, by Paramount Pictures.

Louis K. Anspacher
Louis Kaufmann Anspacher (March 1, 1878 in Cincinnati, Ohio – May 10, 1947 in Nashville, Tennessee) was an American poet, playwright and script writer.

He was the author of Challenge of the Unknown: Exploring the Psychic World, with an introduction by Waldemar Kaempffert, which was published by Allen and Unwin, in the US in 1947 by Current Books, and in Great Britain in 1952 by Henderson and Spalding.

Anspacher's poem "Ocean Ode" served as the basis of a tone poem, The Ocean, by Henry Kimball Hadley, composed between 1920 and 1921.
RB5X
The RB5X is a personal robot manufactured by RB Robot Corporation of Golden, Colorado.

A cylinder-shaped robot with an optional arm, and a transparent, dome-shaped top, RB5X has an RS-232 communications interface and is programmable in TinyBASIC or Savvy.  It was first released circa 1983. Its inputs include eight bumper panels, a photodiode and a sonic transducer. The robot learns from experience.

The RB5X was an early commercial implementation of the concept of autonomous mobile robotics (AMR)  proposed and demonstrated by author/inventor, David L. Heiserman in 1976.

Photodiode
A photodiode is a semiconductor diode sensitive to photon radiation, such as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. It produces an electrical current when it absorbs photons. This can be used for detection and measurement applications, or for the generation of electrical power in solar cells. Photodiodes are used in a wide range of applications throughout the electromagnetic spectrum from visible light photocells to gamma ray spectrometers.
Referendums in Taiwan
Referendums in Taiwan at both the national and local level are governed by the Referendum Act of Taiwan, which was enacted by the Legislative Yuan in December 2003. Citizens can propose laws via referendums at the national and local levels. The Referendum Act also allowed people to make changes or abolish laws by referendums.

The 7th amendment of the Additional Articles of the Constitution in June 2005 also moved the final ratification process for future constitutional amendment and national territory alternation into a form of referendum. These referendum has a higher bar of proposing and approval set directly by the Constitution outside of the Referendum Act.

Pan-Blue Coalition
The Pan-Blue Coalition, Pan-Blue force, or Pan-Blue group is a political coalition in the Republic of China (Taiwan) consisting of the Kuomintang (KMT), the People First Party (PFP), the New Party (CNP), the Non-Partisan Solidarity Union (NPSU), and the Young China Party (YCP). The name comes from the party color of the Kuomintang.

Regarding the political status of Taiwan, the coalition primarily maintains that the Republic of China instead of the People's Republic of China is the legitimate government of China. It also favors a Chinese and Taiwanese dual identity over an exclusive Taiwanese identity and backs greater friendly exchange with mainland China, as opposed to the Pan-Green Coalition which opposes Chinese identity in Taiwan.
Socrates II
Socrates II is a chess program that, in 1993, won the 23rd North American Computer Chess Championship. It ran on an IBM PC. This was the first and only time that a stock microcomputer won this event, finishing ahead of past winners Cray Blitz and HiTech.  The authors, Don Dailey and Larry Kaufman, renewed their collaboration twenty years later to create the Komodo chess engine.

HiTech
HiTech, also referred to as Hitech, is a chess machine built at Carnegie Mellon University under the direction of World Correspondence Chess Champion Hans J. Berliner. Members of the team working on HiTech included Berliner, Murray Campbell, Carl Ebeling, Gordon Goetsch, Andy Palay, and Larry Slomer. In 1988, it became the first computer system to beat a grandmaster.
Coastal defence of colonial Chile
In Colonial times the Spanish Empire diverted significant resources to fortify the Chilean coast as consequence of Dutch and English raids.
The Spanish attempts to block the entrance of foreign ships to the eastern Pacific proved fruitless due to the failure to settle the Strait of Magellan and the discovery of the Drake Passage. As result of this the Spanish settlement at Chiloé Archipelago became a centre from where the west coast of Patagonia was protected from foreign powers. In face of the international wars that involved the Spanish Empire in the second half of the 18th century the Crown was unable to directly protect peripheral colonies like Chile leading to local government and militias assuming the increased responsibilities.

Ancud
Ancud (Spanish pronunciation: [aŋˈkuð]) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region. It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro. The city was established in 1768 to function as the capital of the archipelago and held that position until 1982. Founded as bulwark against foreign powers in colonial times, the city played an important role in the Chilean colonization of Patagonia in the 19th century.
Bert Hodges
Edward Burton Hodges (May 25, 1917 – January 8, 2001) was an American Major League Baseball third baseman. Listed at 5' 11", 170 lb., he batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, Hodges started his minor league career in 1937 with the Elizabethton Betsy Red Sox, playing for them three years before joining the Greenville Buckshots (1940) and the Memphis Chickasaws (1941). He entered the major leagues in 1942 with the Philadelphia Phillies, appearing in eight games from April 14 to 26.

Hodges had two singles in eleven at bats for a .182 average, but did not score a run or drive one in.

He returned to Memphis in 1942 and played one more season with them in 1947. In 797 minor league games, he hit .292 with 234 extra-base hits, including 23 home runs.

Hodges died in Knoxville, Tennessee, at the age of 83.

Appalachian League
The Appalachian League is a collegiate summer baseball league that operates in the Appalachian regions of Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Designed for rising freshmen and sophomores using wooden bats, its season runs from June through August. The league is part of Major League Baseball and USA Baseball's Prospect Development Pipeline.

Between 1911 and 2020, the Appalachian League operated as part of Minor League Baseball and various of its teams were low-level affiliates of Major League Baseball franchises. It operated as a Class D league during four stints through 1962, then was classified as a Rookie Advanced league from 1963 to 2020.
Uqair
Uqair (Arabic: العقير), also transliterated as al-'Uqair, Uqayr, and Ogair, is an ancient seaport located in the Al-Ahsa Governorate of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Situated on the Persian Gulf coast, it is considered one of the earliest seaports in the region and has been linked to the ancient city of Gerrha mentioned in classical Greek and Roman sources. Uqair is also notable as the site of the 1922 Uqair Protocol, a significant event in the establishment of modern Saudi Arabia's borders. Today, Uqair is recognized for its archaeological remains, historical importance, and natural features.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
EyesOn Design
EyesOn Design are a series of events including an annual car show and a fundraiser for the Detroit Institute of Ophthalmology in Michigan, United States. It has become a national event focused on the emotion and character of automotive design.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
Nursel Köse
Nursel Köse (born 29 March 1961) is a Turkish-German actress. She studied and worked in Germany. Köse starred in the internationally acclaimed film The Edge of Heaven. She played Keriman Akçatepe in the TV series Paramparça.

Paramparça (TV series)
Paramparça (English title: Broken Pieces) is a Turkish soap opera television series produced by Endemol Shine Turkey, starring Erkan Petekkaya, Nurgül Yeșilçay and Ebru Özkan Saban. It premiered on Star TV on December 1, 2014.
Oli Vilakku
Oli Vilakku (transl. Shining Lamp) is a 1968 Indian Tamil-language action film, directed by Tapi Chanakya and produced by S. S. Vasan. It is a remake of the Hindi-language film Phool Aur Patthar (1966). The film stars M. G. Ramachandran (in his 100th film), Jayalalithaa and Sowcar Janaki, with S. A. Ashokan, Manohar, Cho and V. S. Raghavan in supporting roles. It was released on 20 September 1968, and was one of the most successful Tamil films of the year, and became a turning point in Ramachandran's career.

In the film, a burglar rescues a widowed woman whose in-laws had left to die during an outbreak of plague. He is soon framed for kidnapping her by relatives who are after the woman's inheritance.

Burglary
Burglary, also called breaking and entering (B&E) or housebreaking, is a property crime involving the illegal entry into a building or other area without permission, typically with the intention of committing a further criminal offence. Usually that offence is theft, larceny, robbery, or murder, but most jurisdictions include others within the ambit of burglary. To commit burglary is to burgle, a term back-formed from the word burglar, or to burglarize.
Oprescu
Oprescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Oprescu (1881–1969), Romanian art critic and historian

Nicolae Oprescu (born 1953), Romanian artistic gymnast

Sorin Oprescu (born 1951), Romanian politician and doctor

Sorin Oprescu
Sorin Mircea Oprescu (Romanian pronunciation: [soˈrin oˈpresku]; born 7 November 1951) is a Romanian independent politician and medical doctor who previously served as Mayor of Bucharest between 2008 and 2015.
Katarzyna Piekarska
Katarzyna Maria Piekarska (pronounced [kataˈʐɨna pjɛˈkarska]; born 23 September 1967 in Warsaw) is a Polish left-wing politician, member of the Civic Coalition party.

She is a graduate of the Uniwersytet Warszawski in law.  She worked as a lawyer.

She was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 26511 votes in 19 Warsaw district as a candidate from Democratic Left Alliance list. However, she failed to be elected in the 2007 election.

She was also a member of Sejm 1993–1997, Sejm 1997–2001, and Sejm 2001–2005. During her third term she was a chairman of the Justice and Human Rights commission.

From 2004 to 2005 she was a Vice Chairman of the party and during 2005 Presidential elections a chairman of Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz campaign.

In 2008 she was elected the vice-president of the Democratic Left Alliance despite not being member of the parliament.

She is a well-known advocate of ethical treatment of animals and a vegetarian.  She also writes poems and plays.

President of Poland
The president of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Polski [ˈprɛ.zɘ.dɛnt ˈpɔl.ski]), officially the president of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Prezydent RP)code: pol promoted to code: pl ), is the head of state of Poland. The president's prerogatives and duties are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president jointly exercises the executive power together with the Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. The president has a right to dissolve both chambers of parliament in certain cases determined by the constitution, can veto legislation, represents the Republic on the international stage, and is the commander-in-chief of the nation's Armed Forces.
Piano Concerto No. 2 (MacDowell)
The Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 23 by Edward MacDowell was completed in late 1885. Although some obvious similarities with Edvard Grieg's, Camille Saint-Saëns's and Franz Liszt's concertos have often been stated, MacDowell’s composition proves to be quite original, at least compared to his First Concerto. It was the first major piano concerto written by an American. It was also the only large-scale composition by MacDowell to remain in standard repertoire.

Edvard Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (/ɡriːɡ/ GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛdvaʁd ˈhɑ̀ːɡəʁʉp ˈɡʁɪgː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide. His use of Norwegian folk music in his own compositions brought the music of Norway to fame, as well as helping to develop a national identity, much as Jean Sibelius did in Finland and Bedřich Smetana in Bohemia.

Grieg is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues that depict his image and many cultural entities named after him: the city's largest concert building (Grieg Hall), its most advanced music school (Grieg Academy) and its professional choir (Edvard Grieg Kor). The Edvard Grieg Museum at Grieg's former home, Troldhaugen, is dedicated to his legacy.
Tennis at the 2014 South American Games – Women's doubles
The women's doubles tennis tournament at the 2014 South American Games in Santiago was held from 12 to 15 March on the clay courts of the Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos in Ñuñoa.

Tie-breaks were used for the first two sets of each match, which was the best of three sets. If the score was tied at one set all, a 'super tie-break' (the first pairing to win at least 10 points by a margin of two points) would be used.

Chileans Fernanda Reyes and Cecilia Costa Melgar were the defending champions, but Reyes was not eligible by her national delegation in this edition. Costa Melgar played alongside Daniela Seguel and they finished in fourth place, being defeated by Brazilians Paula Cristina Gonçalves and Laura Pigossi in the bronze medal match, 7–6(7–4), 7–5.

Venezuelans Adriana Pérez and Andrea Gamiz defeated Paraguayans Verónica Cepede Royg and Montserrat González 7–6(9–7), 3–6, [10–5] in the final to claim the first gold medal for Venezuela in the tennis competition.

Adriana Pérez
Adriana Pérez (Latin American Spanish: [aˈðɾjana ˈpeɾes]; born November 20, 1992) is a Venezuelan former professional tennis player and member of the Venezuela Fed Cup team.

In her career, Pérez won seven singles titles and nine doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. In April 2014, she reached her highest singles ranking by the WTA of 186, whilst her best WTA doubles ranking was 152, achieved in August 2013.

Competing for Venezuela in Fed Cup, Pérez scored a win–loss record of 16–16.