hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carciofi alla giudia
Carciofi alla giudìa (Italian: [karˈtʃɔːfi alla dʒuˈdiːa]; lit. 'Jewish-style artichokes') is among the best-known dishes of Roman Jewish cuisine. It is essentially a deep-fried artichoke, and the recipe originated in the Jewish community of Rome, giudìo being the exonym for the Jewish people in the Romanesco language.

The dish is a speciality of the Roman Ghetto, where it is served by Jewish restaurants in the springtime. It involves a two-step deep-frying technique. First, the artichokes are fried at a low temperature to soften them. Then, after their leaves are spread open, they are fried again at a higher temperature. This process results in artichokes with a golden color and crispy, flower-like leaves.

In English, the dish is usually referred to with the standard Italian spelling carciofi alla giudea; this spelling may be found in Italian sources as well, but the Roman dialect name is much more commonly used.

Romanesco dialect
Romanesco (Italian pronunciation: [romaˈnesko]) is one of the Central Italian dialects spoken in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, especially in the core city. It is linguistically close to Tuscan and Standard Italian, with some notable differences from these two. Rich in vivid expressions and sayings, Romanesco is used in a typical diglossic setting, mainly for informal/colloquial communication, with code-switching and translanguaging with the standard language.
Medusa Model 47
The Medusa Model 47 (or Medusa M47) is a revolver manufactured by Phillips & Rodgers Inc. of Huntsville, Texas, in the late 1990s. Based on the Smith & Wesson K frame, it is notable for being capable of chambering and firing approximately 25 different cartridges within the 9 mm caliber family, such as: .357 Magnum, .38 Special, .380 ACP, and 9×19mm Parabellum. While smaller diameter cartridges can be fired, accuracy suffers. The revolver was not a commercial success and the company that produced them ceased operations after just a few hundred units were made.

Huntsville, Texas
Huntsville is a city in and the county seat of Walker County, Texas, United States. Its population was 45,941 as of the 2020 census. It is the center of the Huntsville micropolitan area. Huntsville is in the East Texas Piney Woods on Interstate 45 and home to Sam Houston State University, Texas State Prison, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Huntsville State Park, and HEARTS Veterans Museum of Texas.

The city served as the residence of Sam Houston, the first and third president of the Republic of Texas, who later represented the state in the U.S. Senate and as Governor of Texas. He is recognized in Huntsville by the Sam Houston Memorial Museum, a statue on Interstate 45, and Sam Houston State University, located in central Huntsville.
Holy Shit (Nebula album)
Holy Shit is the sixth studio album by the American stoner rock band Nebula. It was the band's first studio album released after their seven-year hiatus that lasted from 2010–2017. The album was released on June 7, 2019, by Heavy Psych Sounds Records.

Stoner rock
Stoner rock, also known as stoner metal or stoner doom, is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by Kyuss and Sleep.
Eugene V. McAuliffe
Eugene Vincent McAuliffe (November 25, 1918 – February 9, 2000) was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Hungary (1975–1976).  He also served as Deputy Defense Secretary for International Security Affairs (May 6, 1976 – April 1, 1977) and deputy head of the American NATO Mission.

McAuliffe was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 25, 1918. He served in the Army in World War II, then entered the Foreign Service. He died in Duxbury, Massachusetts, on February 9, 2000, at the age of 81.

Duxbury, Massachusetts
Duxbury (alternative older spelling: "Duxborough") is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. A suburb located on the South Shore approximately 35 miles (56 km) to the southeast of Boston, the population was 16,090 at the 2020 census. The town contains the census-designated places (CDPs) of Duxbury, Green Harbor, and South Duxbury.
Alpine skiing at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Women's downhill
The Women's downhill competition of the Squaw Valley 1960 Olympics was held at Squaw Valley on Saturday, February 20.

The defending world champion was Lucile Wheeler of Canada, who had retired the previous year; defending Olympic champion Madeleine Berthod of Switzerland did not compete in this event.

Nineteen-year-old Heidi Biebl of Germany won the gold medal, while American Penny Pitou was a second behind for the silver; the bronze medalist was Traudl Hecher of Austria.

The race was run on KT-22, with a starting elevation of 2,447 m (8,028 ft) above sea level; the course length was 1.828 km (1.136 mi), with a vertical drop of 553 m (1,814 ft). Biebl's winning time of 97.6 seconds yielded an average speed of 67.426 km/h (41.9 mph), with an average vertical descent rate of 5.666 m/s (18.6 ft/s).

United Team of Germany at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Athletes from East Germany (German Democratic Republic; GDR) and West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany; FRG) competed together as the United Team of Germany at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, United States.
Şahinpınarı
Şahinpınarı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Toroslar, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 123 (2022). It is situated in Toros Mountains. The distance to Mersin city center is 36 kilometres (22 mi).

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
Statutes of Iona
The Statutes of Iona, passed in Scotland in 1609, required that Highland Scottish clan chiefs send their heirs to Lowland Scotland to be educated in English-speaking Protestant schools. As a result, some clans, such as the MacDonalds of Sleat and the MacLeods of Harris, adopted the new religion. Other clans, notably the MacLeans of Morvern & Mull, MacDonalds of Clanranald, Keppoch, Glengarry, and Glencoe, remained resolutely Roman Catholic.

Clan MacDonald of Glencoe
The MacDonalds of Glencoe, also known as Clann Iain Abrach (Scottish Gaelic: Clann Iain Abrach), is a Highland Scottish clan and a branch of the larger Clan Donald. Named after Glen Coe, the MacDonalds (or MacIains as they were more specifically known) lived there from the early 14th century, until the glen was largely abandoned during the Highland Clearances of the late 18th century.

The MacDonalds of Glencoe were constantly involved in trouble with the law and for their consistent raiding, pillaging and cattle rustling. Combined with their participation in the Jacobite rising of 1689, this resulted in the clan being targeted in the 1692 Massacre of Glencoe. They later took part in the risings of 1715 and 1745.

The last clan chief died in 1889, without producing an heir. In the 21st century, the clan has since had a chief recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms in January 2024: Alan MacDonald has been confirmed as Chief of the name and arms of MacDonald of Glencoe.
Hilton Root
Hilton Root is an American academic. He is a professor of public policy at the Schar School of Policy and Government of George Mason University, in Virginia. He specializes in international political economy and international development.

His published work includes Dynamics among Nations: The Evolution of Legitimacy and Development in Modern States, which was published by the MIT Press in 2013.

Schar School of Policy and Government
The Schar School of Policy and Government (SSPG and formerly the George Mason University School of Policy, Government, and International Affairs or SPGIA) is the public policy school of George Mason University, a public research university in the Commonwealth of Virginia near Washington, D.C.
Fred Atchley
Fred Atchley is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the 12th district in the Tennessee House of Representatives since 2025.

Atchley worked for the Sevier County Sheriff’s Office and the City of Sevierville Fire Department and served as a Sevier County Commissioner for more than 25 years.

Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The House convenes, along with the Senate, at the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville.
Bibliography of the history of education in the United States
A bibliography of the history of education in the United States comprises tens of thousands of books, articles and dissertations.  This is a highly selected guide to the most useful studies.

The history of education in the United States, or foundations of education, covers the trends in educational philosophy, policy, institutions, as well as formal and informal learning in America from the 17th century to today.

Carl Kaestle
Carl Frederick Kaestle (March 27, 1940 - January 5, 2023) was a Professor of Education, History, and Public Policy emeritus at Brown University. His historical research has focused on the development of American schools, particularly in the 1800s. He has worked at the University of Chicago and University of Wisconsin–Madison and was a former president of the National Academy of Education.
Sejm Constituency no. 17
Radom is a Polish parliamentary constituency in the Masovian Voivodeship.  It elects nine members of the Sejm.

The district has the number '17' for elections to the Sejm and is named after the city of Radom.  It includes the counties of Białobrzegi, Grójec, Kozienice, Lipsko, Przysucha, Radom, Szydłowiec, and Zwoleń, and the city county of Radom.

Białobrzegi County
Białobrzegi County (Polish: powiat białobrzeski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Białobrzegi, which lies 63 kilometres (39 mi) south of Warsaw. The only other town in the county is Wyśmierzyce, lying 10 km (6 mi) west of Białobrzegi.

The county covers an area of 639.28 square kilometres (246.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 33,524, out of which the population of Białobrzegi is 6,951, that of Wyśmierzyce is 885, and the rural population is 25,688.
Skidan
Skidan or Skydan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Skidan (born 1965), Russian poet and translator

Hanna Skydan (born 1992), Ukrainian-Azerbaijani hammer thrower

Hennadiy Skidan (born 1973), retired Ukrainian footballer

Ruslan Skydan (born 2001), Ukrainian professional footballer

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
1921 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1921 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1921 college football season. The team finished with a 4–3 record under eighth-year head coach Bill Roper. Princeton guard Stan Keck was a consensus first-team honoree on the 1921 College Football All-America Team, and two other players (center Al Wittmer and an end with the surname Sniveley) were selected as first-team All-Americans by at least one selector.

1921 All-America college football team
The 1921 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1921. The only selector recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1921 season is Walter Camp, whose selections were published in Collier's Weekly.   Additional selectors who chose All-American teams in 1921 included: Football World magazine, based on collected opinions of 267 coaches; Walter Eckersall of the Chicago Tribune; Jack Veiock, sports editor of the International News Service; and Norman E. Brown of the Central Press Association.
Square One Bus Terminal
Square One Bus Terminal is a GO Transit intercity bus terminal located in central Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. It is situated directly across Rathburn Road West from the City Centre Transit Terminal (the main hub for local MiWay bus service and a stop on the Mississauga Transitway) and Square One Shopping Centre, after which the terminal is named.

Routes stopping at the terminal include: off-peak bus service along the Milton GO Train corridor from downtown Toronto; Mississauga to Finch Bus Terminal; Mississauga to Guelph; Hamilton to Richmond Hill; Highway 407 West routes; and routes connecting Waterloo Region to Greater Toronto.

Services will also connect to the planned Hurontario LRT on Hurontario Street.

MiWay
MiWay (mai-WEI), formerly known as Mississauga Transit, is the municipal public transport agency serving Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, and responsible to the City of Mississauga's Transportation and Works Department. MiWay services consist of two types of bus routes: MiLocal, local buses that make frequent stops, and MiExpress, express buses between major destinations. MiWay is the primary operator along the Mississauga Transitway, a dedicated east–west bus-only roadway. The system operates over 3,223 stops.

MiWay's routes connect with GO Transit along with Brampton Transit to the north, Oakville Transit to the southwest, Milton Transit to the northwest, Toronto Transit Commission to the east and York Region Transit to the northeast. In 2024, MiWay's annual boardings totalled to 58.4 million passengers, making it the third largest public transit provider in Ontario and seventh largest in Canada.

MiWay is a member of the Canadian Urban Transit Association.
2019 Kentucky Secretary of State election
The 2019 Kentucky Secretary of State election was held on November 5, 2019, to elect the secretary of state of Kentucky. Primary elections were held on May 21, 2019. Incumbent Democratic secretary Alison Lundergan Grimes was ineligible to run for a third term due to term limits, creating the first open election for secretary of state since 2003.

Republican nominee Michael Adams narrowly defeated Democratic nominee Heather French Henry. This was the only statewide race in Kentucky in 2019 besides the gubernatorial election in which the victory margin was single digits. It was also the only non-gubernatorial statewide election in Kentucky, Louisiana, or Mississippi (all of these states were staunchly Republican in 2019) where the Democrat achieved more than 45% of the vote in 2019.

Alison Lundergan Grimes
Alison Case Lundergan Grimes (born November 23, 1978) is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who was the secretary of state of Kentucky from 2012 until 2020. Grimes was elected in 2011 after defeating incumbent Elaine Walker in the Democratic primary and Republican candidate Bill Johnson in the general election. She was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate in 2014, unsuccessfully challenging Republican incumbent and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell. She was re-elected for a second term as Secretary of State of Kentucky on November 3, 2015, defeating Republican Stephen Knipper. Term limited in 2019, she was succeeded by Republican Michael Adams.
Zahida Kazmi
Zahida Kazmi (Urdu: زاہدہ کاظمی) is a Pakistani woman known for being the country's first female taxi driver. Primarily operating in the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area, she has also driven customers to rocky, remote areas in the northern part of the country, such as Balakot, Chitral, Dir, Abbottabad, and Swat District. She has gained recognition for breaking gender stereotypes in the country.

Chitral
Chitral (Khowar: ݯھیترار, romanized: ćhitrār, lit. 'field') is a city situated on the Chitral River in the northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It serves as the capital of the Lower Chitral District, and was previously the capital of Chitral District, and before that the capital of Chitral princely state. The region was encompassed into West Pakistan between 1969 and 1972.
No. 1455 Flight RAF
No. 1455 (Fighter) Flight was formed at RAF Tangmere, West Sussex on 7 July 1941, equipped with Turbinlite Douglas Boston and Douglas Havoc aircraft. On operations they co-operated with the Hawker Hurricanes of 1 Squadron and 3 Squadron. The flight was replaced with 534 Squadron on 2 September 1942.

534 Sqn, which had taken over men and machines, carried on flying the Turbinlite Bostons and Havocs till the system was abandoned on 25 January 1943, when Turbinlite squadrons were, due to lack of success on their part and the rapid development of AI radar, thought to be superfluous.

Turbinlite
The Helmore/GEC Turbinlite was a 2,700 million candela (2.7 Gcd) searchlight fitted in the nose of a number of British Douglas Havoc night fighters during the early part of the Second World War and around the time of The Blitz. The Havoc was guided to enemy aircraft by ground radar and its own radar. The searchlight would then be used to illuminate attacking enemy bombers for defending fighters accompanying the Havoc to shoot down. In practice the Turbinlite was not a success, and the introduction of higher performance night fighters with their own radar meant they were withdrawn from service in early 1943.
Frank (Fly Anakin album)
Frank is the debut studio album by American rapper Fly Anakin, released on March 11, 2022 through Lex Records. The album features guest appearances from Pink Siifu, Billz Egypt and Nickelus F, as well as fellow Mutant Academy members Henny L.O. and Big Kahuna OG.

The album cover image was created by photographer Timothy Saccenti and artist Yoshi Sodeoka.

Nickelus F
Daniel W. Jones, known professionally  as Nickelus F (formerly known as Nick Fury), is an American rapper from Richmond, Virginia. He is best known for his work with Canadian rapper Drake during his earlier career phases, having guest appeared on his debut mixtape Room for Improvement (2006) and its follow-up, Comeback Season (2007). Jones was 106 & Park's "Freestyle Friday" champion for seven consecutive weeks in 2007, and inducted into BET's Hall of Fame that same year.
Rare Trax
Rare Trax is the first compilation album by Swedish extreme metal band Meshuggah. It was released on 21 August 2001 by Nuclear Blast. It compiles the three songs from the band's first 1989 release, Meshuggah, along with other rare songs that the band had recorded but never released.

The CD-ROM also contains the music video for the song "New Millennium Cyanide Christ" from Chaosphere, which features the band on a tour bus, air-playing all the instruments (with Jens Kidman yelling into a pen) and headbanging in unison.

"War" was the first Meshuggah song to feature programmed drums, it was recorded as a birthday present for lead guitarist Fredrik Thordendal. The remix for the song "Concatenation" is a slower version of the song with a different drum beat. The person on the cover and inlay photographs is tour manager Per Wikström.

Headbanging
Headbanging is the act of violently shaking one's head in rhythm with music. It is common in rock, punk, heavy metal and dubstep, where headbanging is often used by musicians on stage. Headbanging is also common in traditional Islamic Sufi music traditions such as Qawwali in the Indian subcontinent and Iran.
Ricky Williams (The Young and the Restless)
Ricky Williams is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless. The character was created as the son of Paul Williams (Doug Davidson) and Isabella Braña (Eva Longoria), born onscreen on May 10, 2002. After being portrayed by a series of unidentified infant child actors, the character was raised by Isabella's parents in Los Angeles, California. In 2011, Ricky was rapidly aged to an adult, with Peter Porte being cast to play the character. Zap2it described Ricky as "a one-dimensional villain with daddy and mommy issues".

Upon his return as an adult, Ricky was resentful of his father Paul for his lack of involvement in his life in his early years. In June 2012, Porte was let go from the soap opera and his departure was slated to be a dramatic exit. Within the storyline, Paul found Ricky about to kill Eden Baldwin (Jessica Heap) and shot him to save her, killing him.

Zap2it
Zap2it was a website and digital media company that provided television program listings information for areas of the United States and Canada. Founded in 2000 by Tribune Media Services, the site has been owned by Nexstar Media Group since 2019. Zap2it also syndicated its listings data to a number of broadcasting and multimedia companies (such as Disney and Sinclair Broadcast Group), pay television providers (such as Wave Broadband, Cox and Dish Network) and publications (such as The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and The Washington Post) for use online and in interactive programming guides.

Tribune Media began shutting down the editorial content on the website in 2017, and by 2020, only the TV listings section remained. Around March 25, 2025, Zap2it was taken offline permanently.
Buan County
Buan County (Korean: 부안군, Buan-gun) is a county in Jeonbuk State, South Korea. It is bounded by the city of Jeongeup on the east, the county of Gochang on the south, the city of Gimje on the north, and Yellow Sea on the west. Buan is divided into 1 eup, 12 myeon, and 510 ri. Buan had a 2001 estimated population of 74,716 people and a 2018 population of 54,441 people with an area of 493.35 km2. Famous people from Buan include Joseon Dynasty kisaeng and poet, Yi Mae-chang. Like many rural areas in southern Korea, it has seen shrinking population with many younger people moving north to larger cities such as Seoul. This county should not be confused with Muan, the new capital of South Jeolla Province.

Muan County
Muan County (Korean: 무안군; RR: Muan-gun) is a county in South Jeolla Province, South Korea. In 2005, Muan County became the capital of South Jeolla following the transfer of the provincial office from its previous location in Gwangju to the village of Namak in Muan. Muan International Airport was opened here and will eventually replace the airport in Gwangju (it already replaced Mokpo Airport).
1894 Minnesota Senate election
The 1894 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 6, 1894, to elect members to the Senate of the 29th and 30th Minnesota Legislatures.

The Minnesota Republican Party won a large majority of seats, followed by the new People's Party and the Minnesota Democratic Party. The new Legislature convened on January 8, 1895.

Numerous Democratic candidates were also endorsed by the People's Party, and one was also endorsed by the Prohibition Party. However, all planned to caucus with the Democrats in the Senate, and are thus listed as part of their total.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.