hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melitta
Melitta (/məˈliːtə/) is a German company selling coffee, paper coffee filters, and coffee makers, part of the Melitta Group, which has branches in other countries. The company is headquartered in Minden, North Rhine-Westphalia.

It is named after Melitta Bentz (1873–1950) who founded the company after she invented the drip brew paper coffee filter (German patent granted 8 July 1908). Bentz later ran the company as a family business.

Drip coffee
Drip coffee is made by pouring hot water onto ground coffee beans, allowing it to brew while seeping through. There are several methods for doing this, including using a filter. Terms used for the resulting coffee often reflect the method used, such as drip-brewed coffee, or, somewhat inaccurately, filtered coffee in general. Manually brewed drip coffee is typically referred to as pour-over coffee. Water seeps through the ground coffee, absorbing its constituent chemical compounds, and then passes through a filter. The used coffee grounds are retained in the filter, while the brewed coffee is collected in a vessel such as a carafe or pot.
2018 Vermont House of Representatives election
The 2018 Vermont House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Vermont voters elected state representatives in all 150 seats. State representatives serve two-year terms in the Vermont House of Representatives. A primary election on August 14, 2018, determined which candidates appeared on the November 6 general election ballot.

Following the 2016 State House elections, Democrats maintained effective control of the House with a 97 member caucus (83 Democrats, seven Independents, and seven Progressives). Before the election, to take control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans would have needed to net 23 State House seats. However, instead the Democrats instead gained 12 seats, increasing their majorities.

Secretary of State of Vermont
The secretary of state of Vermont is one of five cabinet-level constitutional officers in the U.S. state of Vermont which are elected every two years. The secretary of state is fourth (behind the lieutenant governor, speaker of the House of Representatives, president pro tempore of the Senate, respectively) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Vermont.  The Office of the Secretary of State is located at 128 State St. in Montpelier. Since 2023, the secretary of state has been Sarah Copeland-Hanzas, a Democrat.
Monroe County, West Virginia
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,376. Its county seat is Union.

Monroe County was the home of Andrew Summers Rowan, a soldier in the Spanish–American War commemorated in Elbert Hubbard's essay "A Message to Garcia."

In 1928 the Jones Diamond was found lying on the ground here by two men pitching horseshoes. It is the largest alluvial diamond ever found in North America.

Elbert Hubbard
Elbert Green Hubbard (June 19, 1856 – May 7, 1915) was an American writer, publisher, artist, and philosopher.  Raised in Hudson, Illinois, he had early success as a traveling salesman for the Larkin Soap Company. Hubbard is known best as the founder of the Roycroft artisan community in East Aurora, New York, an influential exponent of the Arts and Crafts movement.

Among Hubbard's many publications were the fourteen-volume work Little Journeys to the Homes of the Great and the short publication A Message to Garcia.  He and his second wife, Alice Moore Hubbard, died aboard the RMS Lusitania when it was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine SM U-20 off the coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915.
Wehshi (TV series)
Wehshi (Urdu: وحشی, lit. 'Wild') is a 2022 Pakistani television series based on the novel of the same name by Razia Butt. It is produced by Momina Duraid under the banner MD Productions and directed by Iqbal Hussain. The series stars Khushhal Khan, Komal Meer, Subhan Awan, Nadia Khan, and Babar Ali in leading roles. The series revolves around a parental orphan whose deprivations in life make him wild, as labelled by others. Wehshi broadcast on Hum TV from 29 August 2022 to 27 December 2022.

Razia Butt
Razia Butt (Urdu: رضیہ بٹ) was an Urdu novelist and playwright from Pakistan. One of the famous popular fiction writer of the 1960s and 1970s, she is often compared with English writer Barbara Cartland due to her popularity among the household readers.

Some of her works have been adapted into television serials and films, including Bano.
Baffle (heat transfer)
Baffles are flow-directing or obstructing vanes or panels used to direct a flow of liquid or gas. It is used in some household stoves and in some industrial process vessels (tanks), such as shell and tube heat exchangers, chemical reactors, and static mixers.

Baffles are an integral part of the shell and tube heat exchanger design. A baffle is designed to support tube bundles and direct the flow of fluids for maximum efficiency.  Baffle design and tolerances for heat exchangers are discussed in the standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA).

Industrial processes
Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical, or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale. Industrial processes are the key components of heavy industry.
Necat Ekinci
Necat Ekinci (born 20 October 1999) is a Turkish boxer in the welterweight (69 kg) discipline. He received a quota for the 2020 Summer Olympics. He is a member of Fenerbahçe Boxing.

Ekinci won the bronze medal in the Light weight (60 kg) event at the 2016 Youth World Championships in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2019, he competed in the welterweight (69 kg) event at  the European Games in Minsk, Belarus, and the World Championships in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

Turkey at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Turkey competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the nation's official debut in 1908, Turkish athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles during the worldwide Great Depression, and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of its support for the United States-led boycott.

Turkey surpassed its previous most successful Olympic medal count, which had come during its appearance at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Its 13 medals at the 2020 Games included two gold, two silvers and nine bronze medals.
Stansbury Peninsula
Stansbury Peninsula (62°14′24″S 58°59′51″W﻿ / ﻿62.24008°S 58.99758°W﻿ / -62.24008; -58.99758) is an ice-free peninsula on the north coast of Nelson Island between Edgell Bay and Fildes Strait, in the South Shetland Islands. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geological work, 1975–76, after Michael J. Stansbury, Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) meteorologist at Grytviken, 1958–59, and Base Leader at Admiralty Bay, 1959–60. A later Polish Antarctic Expedition called this feature "Wzgorze Helikoptera" or "Helicopter Hills" in reference to successful helicopter landings in the 1980–81 season.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Stansbury Peninsula". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands)
Nelson Island (historical names Leipzig Island, O'Cain's Island and Strachans Island) is an island 22 kilometres (12 nmi) long and 13 kilometres (7 nmi) wide, lying southwest of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name Nelson Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Eco-Nelson station is located on the island.
French ship Ariane
Three submarines and one frigate of the French Navy have borne the name Ariane:

French frigate Ariane (1811), a 40-gun frigate of the French Navy, lead ship of her class.

French submarine Ariane (1914), an Amphitrite-class submarine launched in 1914 and sunk in 1917.

French submarine Ariane (Q122), an Ariane-class submarine launched in 1925 and scuttled in 1942.

French submarine Ariane (S640), an Aréthuse-class submarine launched in 1958 and struck in 1981.

Amphitrite-class submarine
The Amphitrite class consisted of eight submarines built for the French Navy just before World War I and completed during the war. The diesel engines of these boats were very unreliable and partially accounted for their lengthy building times. Two of the submarines, Amarante and Astrée, were converted into minelayers before completion.
Templer House
Templer House was the original name of a high-rise flat (apartment) building in the New Lodge neighbourhood of Belfast, Northern Ireland. Now called Maeve House, it was well known as a British Army observation post during The Troubles. The post included high-technology observation devices such as electronic monitoring equipment, cameras and night vision.

The location of the outpost provoked demonstrations against it by the Irish Republican community.

As with most high-rise flats in the area, Templer House was named in honour of a senior British Army officer, namely Field Marshal Gerald Templer.

Night vision
Night vision is the ability to see in low-light conditions, either naturally with scotopic vision or through a night-vision device. Night vision requires both sufficient spectral range and sufficient intensity range. Humans have poor night vision compared to many animals such as cats, dogs, foxes and rabbits, in part because the human eye lacks a tapetum lucidum, tissue behind the retina that reflects light back through the retina thus increasing the light available to the photoreceptors. The trade-off of night vision adaptation is less color clarity and detail (an adaptation the human eye excels at); an almost 'greyish' perception in bright daylight.
Viktor Lyagushkin
Viktor Nikolaevich Lyagushkin (real last name is Leushin; born on March 26, 1971, in Moscow) is a Russian photographer known for his underwater and cave photography expertise. He is a regular contributor to National Geographic Magazine and a member of the Russian Geographical Society.

Russian Geographical Society
The Russian Geographical Society (Russian: Ру́сское географи́ческое о́бщество (РГО)), or RGO, is a learned society based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It promotes geography, exploration and nature protection with research programs in fields including oceanography, ethnography, ecology and statistics.
R. Stanton Wettick Jr.
Ralph Stanton Wettick Jr. Was a retired United States judge who served on the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania's Fifth Judicial District, from 1976 to 2016.  He was a leading authority on discovery under Pennsylvania's Rules of Civil Procedure, and was known for handling important and complex cases. He died on December 21, 2024.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Scatman's World (song)
"Scatman's World" is a song by American musician Scatman John, released in June 1995 by RCA Records as the second single from his album of the same name (1995). Co-written by John, the song was the follow-up to the international hit "Scatman (Ski Ba Bop Ba Dop Bop)" and reached number-one in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary and Spain. Its accompanying music video was directed by Zowie Broach, depicting John in front of many backgrounds in different locations around the world.

Scatman's World
Scatman's World is the debut major-label studio album (and second overall) by American musician Scatman John, recorded after the worldwide success of his debut single "Scatman (Ski-Ba-Bop-Ba-Dop-Bop)". It is a loose concept album dealing with an imaginary Utopian society named "Scatland". He speaks about this at length in the liner notes, as well in several tracks on the album, most notably the track "Song of Scatland".

Scatman's World was very popular internationally, particularly in Japan, where it reached No. 2 and stayed on the charts for 40 weeks, selling more than 1,560,000 copies overall, ranking among the top twenty best-selling albums of all time in that country recorded by non-Japanese artists.  In the late 2010s and early 2020s, the title track "Scatman's World" saw a resurgence in popularity due to becoming an Internet meme.
Bounty Killer
Rodney Basil Price OD (born 12 June 1972), known as Bounty Killer, is a Jamaican reggae and dancehall deejay. AllMusic describes him as  "one of the most aggressive dancehall stars of the '90s, a street-tough rude boy with an unrepentant flair for gun talk". He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential dancehall lyricists of all time.

Rude boy
Rude boy  is a subculture that originated from 1960s Jamaican street culture. In the late 1970s, there was a revival in England of the terms rude boy and rude girl, among other variations like rudeboy and rudebwoy, being used to describe fans of two-tone and ska. This revival of the subculture and term was partially the result of Jamaican immigration to the UK and the so-called "Windrush" generation. The use of these terms moved into the more contemporary ska punk movement as well. In the UK and especially Jamaica, the terms rude boy and rude girl are used in a way similar to gangsta, yardie, or badman.
Wei Chuan Foods Corporation
Wei Chuan Foods (Chinese: 味全食品; pinyin: Wèiquán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bī-chôan) is a Taiwan-based manufacturer of Chinese condiments, canned goods, drinks, and frozen goods. Its more popular, widely recognized products include canned pickles, soy sauce and oyster sauces, and frozen dumplings and wontons.

Oyster sauce
Oyster sauce describes a number of sauces made by cooking oysters. The most common in modern use is a viscous dark brown condiment made from oyster extracts, sugar, salt and water, thickened with corn starch (though original oyster sauce reduced the unrefined sugar through heating, resulting in a naturally thick sauce due to caramelization, not the addition of corn starch).

Today, some commercial versions are darkened with caramel, though high-quality oyster sauce is naturally dark. It is commonly used in Chinese, Thai, Indonesian, Malay, Vietnamese, and Khmer cuisine.
Conjectural Poem
"Conjectural Poem" (Spanish: Poema conjetural) is a poem written by the Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges and published for the first time in the La Nación newspaper on July 4, 1943.

In his "Conjectural Poem", Borges theorizes on the murder of Francisco Narciso de Laprida (an ancestor of Borges and also the man who declared the independence of Argentina in 1816) by José Féliz Aldao's montoneras.

La Nación
La Nación (transl. "The Nation") is an Argentine daily newspaper. As the country's leading conservative newspaper, La Nación's main competitor is the more liberal Clarín. It is regarded as a newspaper of record for Argentina.

Its motto is: "La Nación will be a tribune of doctrine." It is the second most read newspaper in print, behind Clarín, and the third in digital format, behind Infobae and Clarín. In addition, it has an application for Android and iOS phones.

The newspaper's printing plant is in the City of Buenos Aires and its newsroom is in Vicente López, Province of Buenos Aires.

The newsroom also acts as a studio for the newspaper's TV channel, LN+.
TGV world speed record
The TGV (train à grande vitesse, 'high-speed train') holds a series of land speed records for rail vehicles achieved  by SNCF, the French national railway, and its industrial partners.  The high-speed trials are intended to expand the limits of high-speed rail technology, increasing speed and comfort without compromising safety.

The current world speed record for a commercial train on steel wheels is held by the French TGV at 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph), achieved on 3 April 2007 on the new LGV Est.

Overhead line
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union of Railways for the technology is overhead line. It is known variously as overhead catenary, overhead contact line (OCL), overhead contact system (OCS), overhead equipment (OHE), overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE), overhead lines (OHL), overhead wiring (OHW), traction wire, and trolley wire.

An overhead line consists of one or more wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regularly spaced intervals along the track. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid.
Soragune Devalaya
Soragune Devalaya (Sinhala: සොරගුණේ දේවාලය), also known as Soragune Kuda Katharagama Devalaya, is an ancient Devalaya, situated in Haldummulla Divisional Secretariat, Sri Lanka. It lies on Badulla – Bandarawela main road, approximately 54 km (34 mi) away from the Badulla, the capital of Uva Province. The shrine is dedicated to the Sinhalese deity Kataragama deviyo, whose main and major shine is situated at south part of the island at Kataragama. The devalaya was formally recognised by the government as an archaeological protected monument. The designation was declared on 6 July 2007 under the government Gazette number 1505.

The Sri Lanka Gazette
The Sri Lanka Gazette, officially The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජයේ ගැසට් පත්‍රය, romanized: Shrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajayē Gæsaṭ Patraya; Tamil: இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சோசலிச குடியரசின் வர்த்தமானி, romanized: Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Cōcalica Kuṭiyaraciṉ Varttamāṉi) is a public journal of the Government of Sri Lanka. It prints certain statutory notices from the government. Modeled after the Oxford Gazette, the Sri Lanka Gazette is the oldest surviving newspaper in Sri Lanka, having been published continuously since 1802.
Unlike other newspapers, it does not cover general news or have a large circulation. It is printed by the Department of Government Printing.
Mysmenidae
Mysmenidae is a spider family with about 180 described species in seventeen genera. The family is one of the least well known of the orb-weaving spiders because of their small size (0.76 to 3 mm (0.03 to 0.12 in)) and cryptic behaviour. These spiders are found in humid habitats such as among leaf litter and in caves.

Crypsis
In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an animal or a plant to avoid observation or detection by other animals. It may be part of a predation strategy or an antipredator adaptation. Methods include camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle and mimicry. Crypsis can involve visual, olfactory (with pheromones) or auditory concealment. When it is visual, the term cryptic coloration, effectively a synonym for animal camouflage, is sometimes used, but many different methods of camouflage are employed in nature.
Jamie Allard
Jamie del Fierro Allard (born 1971) is an American politician from Alaska serving as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives since 2023 representing District 23 which covers an area East of Anchorage. Allard is a U.S. Army veteran and was a member of the Anchorage Assembly.

Anchorage Assembly
The Anchorage Assembly is the governing body of Anchorage, Alaska. The Assembly has twelve members elected to three-year terms from six districts. It is responsible for creating and approving the city's annual budget, appropriating municipal funding, and managing elections. Seats in the Assembly are officially nonpartisan.
Tommy Valando
Thomas F. "Tommy" Valando (March 1, 1916 – February 14, 1995) was a Broadway producer and owner of a New York City music publishing company, Tommy Valando Publishing Group, Inc.

Valando played a role in the emergence of BMI songwriters on the Broadway scene. In the early 1950s, he was responsible for composer Jerry Bock getting onto Broadway with the score for Catch a Star. In 1964, he introduced John Kander and Fred Ebb who became a prominent songwriting team.

Valando's company published the scores to such Broadway shows as:

Jerry Bock
Jerrold Lewis Bock (November 23, 1928 – November 3, 2010) was an American musical theater composer. He received the Tony Award for Best Musical and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama with Sheldon Harnick for their 1959 musical Fiorello! and the Tony Award for Best Composer and Lyricist for the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof with Sheldon Harnick.
The Marines Come Thru
The Marines Come Thru is a 1938 American action film directed by Louis J. Gasnier and written by D.S. Leslie and Jack Kofoed for Grand National Pictures. The film stars Wallace Ford, Toby Wing, Grant Withers, Sheila Lynch, Michael Doyle and Don Lanning. The film was rereleased on July 8, 1943, by Astor Pictures as Fight On, Marines.

Astor Pictures
Astor Pictures was an American motion picture distribution company operating from 1930 to 1963. Founded by Robert M. Savini, it specialized in film re-releases. It later released independently made productions, including some of its own films made during the 1950s.
2009–10 Ukrainian First League
The 2009–10 Ukrainian First League was the nineteenth since its establishment. There were 18 teams competing. Two teams were relegated from the 2008–09 Ukrainian Premier League. Three teams were promoted from the 2008–09 Ukrainian Second League. Due to the 2009 flu pandemic which affected Ukraine in late October the PFL decide to break for winter earlier than they originally scheduled. The second half of the season began March 11, 2010.

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.