hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salem Airpark
Salem Airpark or Salem Air Park (FAA LID: 38D) is a public use airport in Mahoning County, Ohio, United States. It is located three nautical miles (6 km) north of the central business district of Salem, Ohio.

Salem, Ohio
Salem is a city in Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. The population was 11,915 at the 2020 census. Salem was founded by Quakers in 1806 and served as a center of abolitionist activity and a station on the Underground Railroad. Originally an industrial town, Salem functions primarily as a residential community and regional commercial center. The city is home to Allegheny Wesleyan College and Kent State University at Salem. It is the principal city of the Salem micropolitan area, which comprises Columbiana County; a small portion of the city extends into Mahoning County.
Airman basic
Airman basic (AB) is the lowest enlisted rank in the United States Air Force immediately below airman. The male form of rank designation also applies to women. The pay grade for airman basic is E-1.

As opposed to all other USAF enlisted and officer ranks, airman basic has no rank insignia affiliated.  The lack of uniform insignia for airman basic is the reason for the nickname "slick-sleeve"; all other enlisted Air Force ranks wear stripes and chevrons on their uniform sleeves.

In accordance with Air Force Instruction (AFI) 36-2618, The Enlisted Force Structure, the term of address for an airman basic is "Airman Basic" or "Airman".

Uniformed services pay grades of the United States
Pay grades are used by the eight structurally organized uniformed services of the United States (Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps), as well as the Maritime Service, to determine wages and benefits based on the corresponding military rank of a member of the services. While different ranks may be used among the eight uniformed services, pay grades are uniform and equivalent between the services and can be used to quickly determine seniority among a group of members from different services. They are also essential when determining a member's entitlements such as basic pay and allowances.
Black Mingo Creek
Black Mingo Creek is a tributary of the Black River in coastal South Carolina. The creek derives its name from the Mingo, a tribe that once inhabited the fork made by the junction of Indiantown Swamp and Black Mingo Creek.

It is a blackwater river: the presence of tannin gives it the color of tea. The river is relatively untouched by modern development, and is mostly surrounded by wetlands of cypress and tupelo with the adjacent higher lands mostly used for conventional agriculture or tree farming. The waters are a favorite fishing site for largemouth bass and panfish. Beavers are abundant, as well as great blue herons, songbirds and crows. Occasionally a bald eagle can be sighted. Alligators are also present.

The creek drains communities around Indiantown, Nesmith, and the communities of Rome and Rose Hill.

Panfish
The word panfish, also spelled pan-fish or pan fish, is an American English term describing any edible freshwater fish that usually do not outgrow the size of an average frying pan. It is also commonly used by recreational anglers to refer to any small game fish that can fit wholly into a pan for cooking but are still large enough to be legal. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term was first recorded in 1796 in American Cookery, the first known cookbook written by an American author.
Ascherslebener SC 1898
The Ascherslebener Sport Club 1898 was a short-lived German association football club in the town of Aschersleben, Saxony-Anhalt. Established in 1898, little is known about the club and it is notable only as one of the founding members of the DFB (Deutscher Fussball Bund or German Football Association) at Leipzig on January 28, 1900. It was represented by Gustav Oehmichen at the foundation meeting.

In addition to fielding a football side, the sports club had a cycling department and was a member of an early national cycling association, the Deutschen Radfaher Bundes.

Aschersleben
Aschersleben (German pronunciation: [ˈaʃɐsleːbn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Salzlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated approximately 22 km east of Quedlinburg, and 45 km northwest of Halle (Saale).
James B. Clark (Canadian politician)
James B. Clark (October 14, 1867 – May 14, 1943) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Kent East from 1919 to January 1920 as a United Farmers of Ontario member.

He was born in Harwich Township, Ontario, the son of William B. Clark. In 1889, he married Maria C. Scarlett. He was a member of the township council and served as reeve from 1909 to 1910. Clark also served as a member of the council for Kent County. He died in Chatham in 1943 and was buried at Evergreen Cemetery at Blenheim.

Kent East (provincial electoral district)
Kent East was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It was created in 1875 when the riding of Bothwell was split into the ridings of Kent East and Kent West. It was abolished in 1966 before the 1967 election when the ridings of Kent East and Kent West were merged to form the riding of Kent.
Fort Bascom
Fort Bascom, established in 1863 in New Mexico Territory, is located on the Canadian River in Quay County, New Mexico, slightly west of the Texas border, 10 miles north of Tucumcari, New Mexico.

The fort was named in honor of Captain George Nicholas Bascom, who was killed during the American Civil War on February 21, 1862, while defending Fort Craig against Confederate forces in the Battle of Val Verde, New Mexico.

It was one of a series of forts established by General James Henry Carleton to control the Comanches and Kiowas who frequented the Staked Plains of Texas and the Rio Grande. It also was to stop trade of stolen goods by the so-called Comancheros.

Kit Carson engaged the Comanches and Kiowas in the First Battle of Adobe Walls in the heart of the Texas Panhandle.

The fort was abandoned in 1870.

James Henry Carleton
James Henry Carleton (December 27, 1814 – January 7, 1873) was an American military officer who served in the United States Army during the American Civil War and American Indian Wars. He became notorious for his involvement in the Long Walk of the Navajo, in which he led an ethnic cleansing campaign against the indigenous Navajo people.
1957 Allan Cup
The 1957 Allan Cup was the Canadian senior ice hockey championship for the 1956–57 senior "A" season.  The event was hosted by the Whitby Dunlops and Toronto, Ontario.  The 1957 playoff marked the 49th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.

The 1957 Allan Cup may have been the first time in history an American team competed in the final.

Senior ice hockey
Senior hockey refers to amateur or semi-professional ice hockey competition. There are no age restrictions for Senior players, who typically consist of those whose Junior eligibility has expired.

Most senior hockey leagues operate under the jurisdiction of Hockey Canada or USA Hockey. They are not affiliated in any way with professional hockey leagues. Many former professional players play Senior hockey after their pro careers are over. The top Senior teams in Canada (Senior AAA) compete annually for the Allan Cup.
Kappa Centauri
Kappa Centauri is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from κ Centauri, and abbreviated Kappa Cen or κ Cen. With an apparent visual magnitude of +3.14, it can be viewed with the naked eye on a dark night. Parallax measurements place it at an estimated distance of 400 light-years (120 parsecs) from Earth.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Daz Studio
Daz Studio is freeware media design software developed by Daz 3D. Daz Studio is a 3D scene creation and rendering application that can be used to produce images and videos. Renders can be done by leveraging either the 3Delight render engine, or the Iray render engine, both of which are included for free with Daz Studio, or with a variety of purchasable add-on render engine plugins for Daz Studio from various vendors and companies.

Daz Studio also supports importing and exporting of files in various file formats for 3D objects and animations. This allows for the use of other 3D content within Daz Studio, as well as the ability to export content out of Daz Studio for use in other 3D applications.

In 2017, Daz 3D also began offering Hexagon and Daz Studio together for free.

3Delight
3Delight, now 3DelightNSI, is a 3D computer graphics software that runs on Windows, macOS (both Intel and Apple Silicon) and Linux (both x86-64 and AWS Graviton). Developed by Illumination Research Pte Ltd, it is both a photorealistic and NPR path tracing offline renderer based on its NSI API scene description and on Open Shading Language for shading. It comes with supported, open source plug-in integrations for several DCC applications, such as Autodesk Maya, Houdini, Cinema4D, Katana, OpenUSD Hydra, and a democratic free license that allows for commercial use. It also provides a fully distributed cloud rendering service called 3Delight Cloud.
My Wave
"My Wave" is a song by American rock band Soundgarden, notable for an unorthodox tuning of E-E-B-B-B-B, and being predominantly in 54, an irregular time signature for rock music. Featuring lyrics written by frontman Chris Cornell and music co-written by Cornell and guitarist Kim Thayil, the song was released on October 31, 1994, as the fourth single from the band's fourth studio album, Superunknown (1994). The single was only released commercially in Australia.

A promotional single of "My Wave" was released in North America, peaking at No. 11 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, No. 18 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and No. 66 on the Canadian RPM 100 Hit Tracks chart. A music video was also released in October 1994, but was not put into MTV's rotation.

E minor
E minor is a minor scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has one sharp, on the F. Its relative major is G major and its parallel major is E major.

The E natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Much of the classical guitar repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six open (unfretted) strings are part of the tonic chord. The key of E minor is also popular in heavy metal music, as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.
Kerry Goulstone
Thomas Richard Kerry Goulstone (5 June 1936 – 29 January 2013) was Dean of St Asaph from 1993 to 2001.

Goulstone was born in Llanelli and educated at Llanelli Boys’ Grammar School, St David's College, Lampeter and St Michael's Theological College, Llandaff and ordained in 1960.  He began his ordained ministry with  curacies in Llanbadarn Fawr and Carmarthen after which he held  incumbencies in Solva, Gorslas and Burry Port. His last post before becoming Dean of Asaph was as the Archdeacon of Carmarthen.

University of Wales, Lampeter
University of Wales, Lampeter (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru, Llanbedr Pont Steffan) was a university in Lampeter, Wales. Founded in 1822, and incorporated by royal charter in 1828, it was the oldest degree awarding institution in Wales, with limited degree awarding powers since 1852. It was a self-governing college of the University of Wales from 1972 until its merger  (under its 1828 charter) with Trinity University College in 2010 to form the University of Wales Trinity Saint David.

The university was founded as St David's College (Coleg Dewi Sant), becoming St David's University College (Coleg Prifysgol Dewi Sant) in 1971, when it became part of the federal University of Wales. With fewer than 2,000 students on campus, it was often claimed to be one of the smallest public universities in Europe.
German submarine U-41 (1939)
The German submarine U-41 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She conducted three war patrols during her short career, two as part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla and one as part of the 2nd flotilla. U-41 also sank five enemy vessels for a total of 22,815 gross register tons (GRT); captured two more for a total of 2,073 GRT and damaged one other of 8,096 GRT.

On 5 February 1940, U-41 was hit by depth charges from the British A class destroyer HMS Antelope after sinking two enemy merchant vessels and was sunk off the south coast of Ireland. All 49 of her crew members were lost with the boat.

6th U-boat Flotilla
The 6th U-boat Flotilla (German 6. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as  Hundius Flotilla, was a front-line unit of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine before and during World War II.

Formed on 1 October 1938 in Kiel under the command of Korvettenkapitän Werner Hartmann, it was named in honour of Kapitänleutnant Paul Hundius, a U-boat commander during World War I, that died on 16 September 1918 after his U-boat SM UB-103 was sunk by depth charges from British steamer Young Crow. The flotilla was disbanded in December 1939.

The flotilla was re-formed as "6th U-boat Flotilla" in July 1941 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Georg-Wilhelm Schulz with her base in Danzig. During the first months it was a training flotilla, but when it moved to St. Nazaire in February 1942 it became a combat flotilla. It was disbanded in August 1944, when the last boats left the base for Norway.
Churchill Square, Brighton
Churchill Square is a shopping centre in the centre of Brighton and Hove, a city on the south coast of England. It is at the eastern end of Western Road, near the Clock Tower.

Churchill Square has up to 85 shops (when all are let), in addition to several sites for "open-air" style stalls in the corridors. It is arranged over three floors with only the food court, which has five restaurant spaces, on the uppermost; some of the largest stores occupy two floors. The majority of the shops are chain stores, typical of many other large British shopping centres. Additionally, on the outside piazza there are several food vans.

In November 2023, Churchill Square was bought by INGKA Centres, a division of INGKA Holding, with IKEA confirming plans to open a store at the centre, IKEA later opened in 2025.

Topshop
Topshop (stylised in all caps; originally Top Shop) is a British online fast-fashion retailer, which specialises in women's clothing, shoes and accessories. It is majority owned by Danish company, Bestseller.

In 2024, ASOS sold 75% of Topshop and Topman to Bestseller.

Previously, it was part of the Arcadia Group, controlled by Sir Philip Green, but went into administration in late 2020 before being purchased by ASOS on 1 February 2021. It previously had approximately 510 shops worldwide, but closed all of its physical locations and operated solely via online retail from 2020 to 2025. It will return to physical retail on 21 August 2025, at McElhinney's Department Store in Ballybofey, Ireland.
Claude Reeds
Claude Edwin Reeds (November 12, 1890 – April 30, 1974) was an American football player and coach. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma as a fullback from 1910 to 1913. He also was a letterwinner on Oklahoma's track, baseball, and basketball teams. Reeds served as the head football coach at Southwestern Normal School—now Southwestern Oklahoma State University—from 1914 to 1915, at West Texas State Teachers College—now West Texas A&M University—from 1929 to 1930, and at Central State Teachers College—now the University of Central Oklahoma—from 1931 to 1940, compiling a career coaching record of 72–41–11. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1961.

University of Central Oklahoma
The University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) is a public university in Edmond, Oklahoma, United States. It is Oklahoma's third-largest university, with almost 13,000 students and about 430 full-time and 400 adjunct faculty. Founded in 1890, UCO was one of the first institutions of higher learning to be established in what became the state of Oklahoma, making it one of the oldest universities in the southwest U.S. It is home to the American branch of the British Academy of Contemporary Music in downtown Oklahoma City.
Progress studies
Progress studies is an intellectual movement focused on "figuring out why progress happens and how to make it happen faster." The term "progress studies" was coined in a 2019 article for The Atlantic, entitled "We Need a New Science of Progress" by Tyler Cowen and Patrick Collison.

The movement examines progress in standards of living through the lens of science, technology, economics, history, philosophy and culture. It includes work on the definition and measurement of progress, as well as policies and programs aimed at improving the rate of technological innovation.

Tyler Cowen
Tyler Cowen (/ˈkaʊən/; born January 21, 1962) is an American economist, author, and public intellectual. He is the Holbert L. Harris Professor of Economics at George Mason University and serves as chairman of the university’s Mercatus Center. Cowen is widely known for his blog Marginal Revolution, which he has co-authored with Alex Tabarrok since 2003, and for hosting the interview podcast Conversations with Tyler.

Cowen’s work spans economics, philosophy, and cultural commentary. He is known for advocating a pragmatic form of libertarianism that emphasizes strong governance, economic dynamism, and technological progress—an approach he terms state capacity libertarianism. In 2011, he was included in Foreign Policy’s list of the “Top 100 Global Thinkers,” and Prospect magazine ranked him among the world’s most influential economists in 2023.
Bruneian Civil War of 1826
The Bruneian Civil War (Malay: Perang Saudara Brunei; Jawi: ڤراڠ ساودارا بروني‎) or the Bruneian war of succession (Malay: Perang penggantian Brunei; Jawi: ڤراڠ ڤڠݢنتيان بروني‎) was a civil war in the Bruneian Sultanate from 1826 to 1828 between Muhammad Alam and Omar Ali Saifuddien II. This dispute began when Muhammad Alam chose to assume the throne instead of Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddin, who was the legitimate successor.

Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)
The Sultanate of Brunei (Jawi: كسلطانن بروني) or simply Brunei (/bruːˈnaɪ/ broo-NY), also known as the Bruneian Empire, was a Malay sultanate centered around Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Brunei became a sovereign state around the 15th century, when it substantially expanded after the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese, extending throughout coastal areas of Borneo and the Philippines, before it declined in the 17th and 18th centuries. It became a British protectorate in the 19th century.
Yeleazar Meletinsky
Eleazar Moiseevich Meletinskii (also Meletinsky or Meletinskij; Russian: Елеаза́р Моисе́евич Мелети́нский; 22 October 1918, Kharkiv – 17 December 2005, Moscow) was a Russian scholar famous for his seminal studies of folklore, literature, philology and the history and theory of narrative; he was one of the major figures of Russian academia in those fields.

He was Director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities at Russian State University for the Humanities for several years until his death.

Russian State University for the Humanities
The Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH; Russian: Росси́йский госуда́рственный гуманита́рный университе́т (РГГУ), romanized: Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy gumanitarnyy universitet (RGGU)), is a university in Moscow, Russia with over 25,000 students. It was created in 1991 as the result of the merger of the Moscow Urban University of the People (est. 1908) and the Moscow State University for History and Archives (est. 1930).
Osedax mucofloris
Osedax mucofloris is a species of bathypelagic Polychaetes that is reported to sustain itself on the bones of dead whales. Translated from the mixed Greek and Latin used in scientific names, Osedax mucofloris literally means "snot-flower bone-eater", though the less-accurate "bone-eating snot-flower worm" seems to be the form actually used. The species is found in North East Atlantic where it is abundant. Osedax mucofloris have special root tissues that they use to pierce into the whale bones found on the seafloor. Through computed tomography (CT) findings, over an 8-month period, a dense population of Osedax mucofloris had a maximum penetration of 2.63 mm, roughly 0.67% of the bone. Although the patterns and mechanisms of this piercing, known as boring, is poorly understood, there is evidence that Osedax mucofloris have acidic mucopolysaccharides in the mucus of their root tissues that aids in the mechanism of boring through bones.

International scientific vocabulary
International scientific vocabulary (ISV) is the set of scientific and specialized words that are in current use in several modern languages. Although the language of origin of ISV may or may not be certain, they are used translingually, whether in naturalized, loanword, or calque forms.

The name "international scientific vocabulary" was first used by Philip Gove in Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961). As noted by David Crystal, science is an especially productive field for new coinages. It is also especially predisposed to immediate translingual sharing of words owing to its very nature: scientists working in many countries and languages, reading each other's latest articles in scientific journals (via foreign language skills, translation help, or both), and eager to apply any reported advances to their own context.
Rutland Park, Calgary
Rutland Park is an inner city residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded to the north by Richmond Road and 33 Avenue, to the east by Crowchild Trail, to the south by Glenmore Trail and to the west by 37 Street W.

The area was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1910 (under the name Sarcee Park ) and Rutland Park was established in 1952. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 11 councillor.

Inner city
The term inner city (also called the hood) has been used, especially in the United States, as a euphemism for majority-minority lower-income residential districts that often refer to rundown neighborhoods, in a downtown or city centre area. Sociologists sometimes turn the euphemism into a formal designation by applying the term inner city to such residential areas, rather than to more geographically central commercial districts, often referred to by terms such as downtown, city centre, or central business district.
Ghidini
Ghidini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ferruccio Ghidini (1912–1994), Italian footballer

Gérard Ghidini (1943–2012), French slalom canoeist

Gianni Ghidini (1930–1995), Italian cyclist

Gianni Ghidini
Gianni Ghidini  (21 May 1930 – 21 June 1995) was a road racing cyclist from Italy. He won the silver medal in the men's team road race, alongside Dino Bruni and Vincenzo Zucconelli. Italy's fourth rider Bruno Monti also crossed the line, but didn't receive a medal because just the first three counted for the final classification. He was a professional rider from 1953 to 1956.