hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Optic pit
Optic pit, optic nerve pit, or optic disc pit (ODP) is rare a congenital excavation (or regional depression) of the optic disc (also optic nerve head), resulting from a malformation during development of the eye. The incidence of ODP is 1 in 10,000 people with no predilection for either gender. There is currently no known risk factors for their development. Optic pits are important because they are associated with posterior vitreous detachments (PVD) and even serous retinal detachments.

Vitrectomy
Vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye.

Anterior vitrectomy entails removing small portions of the vitreous humor from the front structures of the eye—often because these are tangled in an intraocular lens or other structures.

Pars plana vitrectomy is a general term for a group of operations accomplished in the deeper part of the eye, all of which involve removing some or all of the vitreous humor—the eye's clear internal jelly.

Even before the modern era, some surgeons performed crude vitrectomies. For instance, Dutch surgeon Anton Nuck (1650–1692) claimed to have removed vitreous by suction in a young man with an inflamed eye. In Boston, John Collins Warren (1778–1856) performed a crude limited vitrectomy for angle closure glaucoma.
Church of St Margaret, Knotting, Bedfordshire
Church of St Margaret (also known as the Church of St Margaret of Antioch) is a redundant Grade I listed church in Knotting, Bedfordshire, England. It became a listed building on 13 July 1964. The church was originally built in the 12th century. It was vested into the Churches Conservation Trust in 2009 and underwent a renovation.

The building, which features a west tower, a nave, a chancel and a south aisle, is constructed of limestone rubble and has a clay-tiled roof. The tower is of a much later date than the rest of the building. It has datestone of 1615 in its parapet. The chancel was rebuilt in the 13th century.

The church's benches date from the 16th and 17th centuries.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Lincoln City Centre
Lincoln City Centre is the historical and cultural area of Lincoln in Lincolnshire, England. It is defined as the areas along the city's High Street. Each part of the centre brings a differing main sector or sectors to the city with a small overlap between each area.

City centre
A city centre, also known as an urban core, is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is used mainly in British English, and closely equivalent terms that exist in other languages, such as "centre-ville" in French, Stadtzentrum in German, or shìzhōngxīn (市中心) in Chinese. In the United States, the term "downtown" is generally used, though a few cities, like Philadelphia, use the term "Center City" or "City Center".
Ludwik Kalkstein
Ludwik "Hanka" Kalkstein (13 March 1920, in Warsaw– 26 October 1994, in Munich) was a Polish Nazi collaborator. He worked as a Nazi police agent during the German occupation of Poland and then as a Stalinist informant after the Soviet takeover of Poland. Along with his wife (Blanka Kaczorowska "Sroka", b. 13 October 1922 in Brest, d. 25 August 2004), they became traitors to the Polish AK resistance organization. Kalkstein was responsible for the arrest and execution by the Nazis of at least 14 officers of the Polish underground, including General Stefan Rowecki.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
All American Boys
All American Boys, published in 2016 by Atheneum, is a young adult novel written by Jason Reynolds and Brendan Kiely. The book tells the story of two teenage boys, Rashad Butler and Quinn Collins, as they handle racism and police brutality in their community. The novel has gained attention in recent years, becoming the 26th most banned book of 2022, due to its inclusion of anti-police messages, alcohol, drug usage, and profanity.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Tabia, Taroudannt
Tabia is a small town and rural commune in Taroudannt Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 2,329 people living in 487 households.

Souss-Massa-Drâa
Souss-Massa-Drâa (Arabic: سوس ماسة درعة) was formerly one of the sixteen regions of Morocco from 1997 to 2015. It covered an area of 70,880 km2 and had a population of 3,601,917 (2014 census). The capital is Agadir. One of the major languages spoken in this region of Morocco is tasoussit variant of Tashelhit.
David M. Ainsworth
David M. Ainsworth (July 8, 1954 – May 31, 2019) was an American politician and a Republican member of the Vermont House of Representatives representing Windsor-Orange-1 District.

Born in Hanover, New Hampshire, he held a B.S. from University of Vermont (1977). Ainsworth was a fifth-generation dairy and vegetable farmer.

Ainsworth was former Royalton Town Moderator. He was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives in 2016, unseating incumbent Democrat Sarah E. Buxton by one vote. Two years later in 2018, Ainsworth was defeated for re-election by John O'Brien. Ainsworth previously served as the State Representative from 2007 to 2011.

Windsor-Orange-1 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Windsor-Orange-1 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Windsor-Orange-1 District includes all of the Windsor County town of Royalton and the Orange County town of Tunbridge.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Windsor-Orange-1 District had a population of 3,912 in that same census, 3.62% below the state average.
Ricardo Vantes
Ricardo Vantes (born 21 April 1967) is a Cuban former indoor volleyball player. Vantes competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where Cuba finished in sixth place. He was an outside hitter who was known for his defensive and passing skills.

Vantes helped the Cuban team win the silver medal at the 1990 FIVB World Championship in Brazil and the gold medal at the 1991 Pan American Games in Havana.

1991 Pan American Games
The 1991 Pan American Games, officially known as the XI Pan American Games (Spanish: XI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Havana 1991 (Spanish: La Habana 1991), were held in Havana, Cuba from 2 to 18 August 1991. There were 4,519 athletes from 39 countries of the PASO community, with events in 33 different sports. The main stadium was the Estadio Panamericano, a multi-use stadium in Havana that holds 50,000 people.
Lucas Maniema
Lucas Nzambi Maniema (born 6 March 2006) is a Swiss basketball player for Dreamland Gran Canaria of the Spanish Liga ACB. A 1.93 m guard/forward developed in Geneva and Las Palmas, he debuted in Spain's Segunda FEB with Gran Canaria B in 2024–25 and was assigned squad number 1 with the ACB first team for 2025–26.

Segunda FEB
The Segunda FEB, formerly known as LEB 2 and LEB Plata, is the third basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system and the second basketball division organized by the Spanish Basketball Federation. Since 2019, three teams are promoted to Primera FEB and six teams are relegated to Tercera FEB.

From the 2024–25 season, it is named Segunda FEB.
International Gymnix
The International Gymnix is a major international annual gymnastics competition. It is held in Montreal, Canada, with a senior and a junior tournaments. It was organized for the first time in 1991. It is the largest international gymnastics competition of Canada. The tournament brings together some of the best gymnasts in the world, including the Canadian elite.

Many talents were launched in this competition, to which have taken part MyKayla Skinner, Ellie Black, Carly Patterson, Nina Derwael, Jordyn Wieber, Dominique Dawes, Aliya Mustafina, Oksana Chusovitina, Isabela Onyshko, Shawn Johnson, Bridget Sloan, Larisa Iordache, Lilia Podkopayeva, Lauren Mitchell, Angelina Melnikova, Sunisa Lee, among others.

Bridget Sloan
Bridget Elizabeth Sloan (born June 23, 1992) is an American artistic gymnast. She is the 2009 world champion in the all-around, the 2009 United States national champion, and a silver medalist with the American team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

From 2012 to 2016, Sloan was a member of the University of Florida women's gymnastics team that won three consecutive NCAA National Championships titles. She was also the 2013 NCAA national champion in the all-around and on the balance beam, and the 2014 NCAA champion on the uneven bars. In 2015, she became the first University of Florida gymnast, and the seventh NCAA gymnast, to score a perfect 10 on each of the four events. At the 2016 NCAA Nationals, her final championship, she won titles in all-around, uneven bars, and balance beam.
Ricky MacMillan
Ricky MacMillan, (born 24 September 1961 in Surat, Queensland) is an Australian equestrian, international dressage judge, chair of Equestrian Australia and dentist.

Born as Erica MacMillan, she competed at the Sydney 2000 Olympics in the individual and the team dressage events. Riding Crisp, she finished in 35th place in the individual event, while the Australian team of Kristy Oatley, Mary Hanna, Rachael Downs and MacMillan finished 6th in the team event.

She subsequently competed at the Athens 2004 Olympics in the individual dressage event. Again riding Crisp, she finished 37th in the individual event.

Following her retirement from competition, MacMillan now acts as an international dressage judge.

In April 2019 MacMillan was appointed to the board of Equestrian Australia, and became chair of the board in November of the same year at the annual general meeting.

MacMillan is also a dentist and principal of a dental practice on the Gold Coast.

Equestrian Australia
Equestrian Australia (EA) is the national governing body for equestrian sports in Australia. These sports include the FEI-recognized disciplines of dressage, eventing, show jumping, equestrian vaulting, endurance riding, reining, para-equestrian, and combined driving. EA also develops and enforces the rules for other events at horse shows.
Interest rate channel
The interest rate channel is a mechanism of monetary policy, whereby a policy-induced change in the short-term nominal interest rate by the central bank affects the price level, and subsequently output and employment.

Output (economics)
In economics, output is the quantity and quality of goods or services produced in a given time period, within a given economic network, whether consumed or used for further production. The economic network may be a firm, industry, or nation. The concept of national output is essential in the field of macroeconomics. It is national output that makes a country rich, not large amounts of money.
Traian Vuia
Traian Vuia or Trajan Vuia (Romanian pronunciation: [traˈjan ˈvuja]; 17 August 1872 – 3 September 1950) was a Romanian inventor and aviation pioneer who designed, built, and tested the first tractor monoplane. He was the first to demonstrate that a flying machine could rise into the air by running on wheels on an ordinary road. He is credited with a powered hop of 11 m (36 ft) made on 18 March 1906, and he later claimed a powered hop of 24 m (79 ft). Though unsuccessful in sustained flight, Vuia's invention influenced Louis Blériot in designing monoplanes. Later, Vuia also designed helicopters.

A French citizen from 1918, Vuia led the Romanians (especially Transylvanians) of France in the Resistance during World War II. He returned to Romania just before his death in 1950.

Louis Blériot
Louis Charles Joseph Blériot (/ˈblɛrioʊ/ BLERR-ee-oh, also US: /ˈbleɪrioʊ, ˌbleɪriˈoʊ, blɛərˈjoʊ/ BLAY-ree-oh, -⁠OH, blair-YOH, French: [lwi ʃaʁl ʒozɛf bleʁjo]; 1 July 1872 – 1 August 1936) was a French aviator, inventor, and engineer. He developed the first practical headlamp for cars and established a profitable business manufacturing them, using much of the money he made to finance his attempts to build a successful aircraft. Blériot was the first to use the combination of hand-operated joystick and foot-operated rudder control as used to the present day to operate the aircraft control surfaces. Blériot was also the first to make a working, powered, piloted monoplane. In 1909 he became world-famous for making the first aeroplane flight across the English Channel, winning the prize of £1,000 (worth £152,113 in 2025) offered by the Daily Mail newspaper. He was the founder of Blériot Aéronautique, a successful aircraft manufacturing company.
1980 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1980 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was played after the conclusion of the 1979–1980 regular season at Robertson Memorial Field House on the campus of Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois.

The Bradley Braves defeated the West Texas State Buffaloes in the championship game, 62-59, and as a result won their first MVC Tournament title to earn an automatic bid to the 1980 NCAA tournament.

Bradley University
Bradley University is a private university in Peoria, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1897, Bradley University enrolls 5,200 students who are pursuing degrees in more than 100 undergraduate programs and more than 30 graduate programs in five colleges. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and 22 specialized and professional accreditors.
London Denim
London Denim was created in 2001 by Simon King.

Initially they made jeans in the UK then moved to Italy and Japan. Working with Cone Denim, UCO, Legler and Japanese mills to provide core materials.  They deconstructed / reconstructed played with washes, printing and customising and came up with innovative processes to get around the lack of denim skills in the UK.   They were the first denim label to show at London Fashion Week exhibition in 2001 paving the way for other streetware brands to follow.

In 2015 London Denim launched London Denim men's - jeans for a Modern Creative Man.

London Fashion Week
London Fashion Week (LFW) is a clothing trade show that takes place in London, England, twice a year, in June and September. Showcasing more than 250 designers to a global audience of influential media and retailers, it is one of the "Big Four" fashion weeks, along with New York, Milan, and Paris.
Invasion of the Booty Snatchers
Invasion of the Booty Snatchers is the second studio album by the P-Funk spin off group Parlet. Released in June 1979, it was the final Parlet album to feature Mallia Franklin and the first to feature Janice Evans. The album was produced by George Clinton and Ron Dunbar. The title is a play on Invasion of the Body Snatchers, replacing "Body" with "Booty". The cover art was created by Ronald "Stozo" Edwards. The album's highest-charting single was "Riding High". The album leaned more toward disco, in an effort to keep up with musical trends.

Invasion of the Booty Snatchers was re-released in Japan on the Casablanca/Polystar label in 1992 and in Germany on Universal in 2003. On July 30, 2013, Real Gone Music in the U.S. reissued both Pleasure Principle and Invasion of the Booty Snatchers, featuring liner notes by former P-Funk minister of information Tom Vickers.

Parlet
Parlet was an American female funk group formed in 1978 as a spin-off of Parliament-Funkadelic. Conceived by George Clinton, Parlet was envisioned as a female counterpart to the Parliament vocal group, blending streetwise funk with theatrical stage presence and bold sensuality. The group’s earliest lineup featured longtime P-Funk vocalists Debbie Wright, Jeanette Washington, and Mallia Franklin — all of whom had contributed background vocals on Parliament-Funkadelic albums throughout the mid-1970s.
Greenbank Drive Synagogue
Greenbank Drive Synagogue, officially the Liverpool New Hebrew Congregation, is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue that was located on Greenbank Drive, in the Sefton Park area of Liverpool, England. The congregation, formed through a merger of two congregations that date from 1838, worshiped in the Ashkenazi rite.

The former synagogue building was completed in 1937 and was Grade II* listed in 1983. The building has been described as the most important 20th-century synagogue in England in terms of architecture, as well as the finest surviving architectural example of a synagogue from the interwar period.

Nusach (Jewish custom)
In Judaism, a nusach or nusakh (Hebrew: נוסח, romanized: nusáḥ, Yiddish: נוסח, romanized: núsekh, pl. נוסחים nusaḥim, Yiddish: נוסחאות, romanized: nuskhóes) is the exact text of a Jewish prayer service, sometimes translated as "rite". Nusach may more accurately translate to "formulation" or "wording".

The texts of siddurim used by the array of Jewish ethnic divisions and religious movements include Baladi-rite prayer, nusach Ashkenaz, nusach Sefard, nusach edot haMizraḥ, Italian nusach, and nusach Ari.

A textual nusach is distinct from a musical nusach, the latter referring to a community's musical style or tradition, particularly the chanted melodies used for the Amidah and other recitative prayers.
Miss Argentina
Miss Argentina is a national beauty pageant in Argentina, founded in 1928. In 1962, Norma Nolan of Santa Fe became the first, and only, Miss Argentina to win the title of Miss Universe. Currently, the competition is managed by Keno Manzur, a beauty pageant entrepreneur.

Santa Fe Province
Santa Fe, officially Province of Santa Fe (Spanish: Provincia  de Santa Fe, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈfe], lit. "Holy Faith") is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco (divided by the 28th parallel south), Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero. Together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region.

Santa Fe's most important cities are Rosario (population 1,193,605), the capital Santa Fe (369,000), Rafaela (100,000), Reconquista (99,000) Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74,000), Venado Tuerto (69,000), and Santo Tomé (58,000).
CILB-FM
CILB-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting a classic hits format at 103.5 FM in Lac La Biche, Alberta. The station is branded as Boom 103.5 and was owned by Newcap Broadcasting until they were bought out by Stingray Group.

Newcap received approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) on January 18, 2006 and CILB was officially launched on December 7, 2007 at 10:35 AM as Big Dog 103.5, airing an adult hits format.

On July 7, 2017, at Midnight, after playing "Who Let The Dogs Out" by Baha Men (which was also the first song played as "Big Dog"), CILB flipped to classic hits as Boom 103.5. The first song played on "Boom" was "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" by Meatloaf.

Adult hits
Adult hits (sometimes also called variety hits) is a radio format drawing from popular music from the late 1960s to the present. The format typically focuses on classic hits, but blended with adult contemporary, pop, and rock hits from the 1970s through at least the 2000s, and is synonymous with franchised brands such as Jack FM and Bob FM.
Swiss Tarot
The Swiss Tarot deck is a 78-card deck used for the tarot card games Troccas and Troggu. It is also sometimes called the JJ Tarot due to the replacement of the usual second and fifth trumps with cards depicting Juno and Jupiter, or as 1JJ Tarot in reference to the catalog number of a common release of the deck by A.G. Müller.

Tarot card games
Tarot games are card games played with tarot packs designed for card play and which have a permanent trump suit alongside the usual four card suits. The games and packs which English-speakers call by the French name tarot are called tarocchi in the original Italian, Tarock in German and similar words in other languages.

Tarot games are increasingly popular in Europe, especially in France where French tarot is the second most popular card game after Belote. In Austria, Tarock games, especially Königrufen, have become widespread and there are several major national and international tournaments each year. Italy, the home of tarot, remains a stronghold. Games of the tarot family are also played in Hungary, Slovenia, Liechtenstein, Czechia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Denmark, south Germany and south Poland.
John Whyte (politician)
John Whyte (January 4, 1838 – September 16, 1924) was a Scottish-born merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented Mégantic in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1884 to 1886 as a Liberal.

He was born in Dunfermline, the son of John Whyte and Elspeth Simpson. Whyte was educated in Fife and came to Canada East in 1858. In 1859, he married Harriet Donaldson Johnson. He worked at the Harvey Hill mine until 1862 and then was foreman at the mine in Sutton. He became a merchant at Leeds (later Saint-Pierre-de-Broughton) in 1865. He was elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1884 by-election held after George Irvine was named a judge. Whyte was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1886 and 1892. He died in Leeds at the age of 88.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.