hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pavlovka, Pavlovsky District, Ulyanovsk Oblast
Pavlovka (Russian: Па́вловка) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Pavlovsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. Population:  5,626 (2010 census); 5,930 (2002 census); 5,730 (1989 Soviet census).

Its history began in 1695 when land in the area was granted to settlers from Penza. The settlement was called Izbalyk (Избалык, after the Izbalyk River) or Dmitriyevskoye (Дмитриевское). In the second half of the 19th century, its name changed to Pavlovka. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1978.

Penza
Penza (Russian: Пенза, IPA: [ˈpʲenzə]) is the largest city and administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Sura River, 625 kilometers (388 mi) southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Penza had a population of 517,311, making it the 36th-largest city in Russia.
Doodhpathri
Doodhpathri (transl. Valley of Milk; Urdu pronunciation: [d̪uːd̪ʱ pət̪ʰɾiː]; Kashmiri pronunciation: [dɔdɨ patʰɨr]) is a tourist destination and a hill station located in the Khansahib tehsil of the Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Situated at an altitude of 2,730 metres (8,960 ft) from sea level, it is located at a distance of 42 km (26 mi) from Jammu and Kashmir's summer capital, Srinagar, and 30 km (19 mi) from its district headquarters, Budgam.

Summer capital
A summer capital is a city used as an administrative capital during extended periods of particularly hot summer weather. The term is mostly of relevance in historical contexts of political systems with ruling classes that would migrate to a summer capital, making it less prevalent in modern times. The ubiquity of air conditioning systems also reduces the imperative to periodically relocate to summer capitals.
George Slatkonia
George Slatkonia (German: Georg von Slatkonia, also Jurij Chrysippus, Slovenian: Jurij Slatkonja,  21 March 1456 – 26 April 1522) was a Carniolan choirmaster and the first residential Bishop of Vienna. He was also the first owner of an ex libris among the Slovenes. His coat of arms contained a golden horse, based on a false etymology of his surname (Slovene slat [≈ zlat] 'golden' + konja [≈ konj] 'horse'). (The surname actually refers to someone that enjoys sweet food.)

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Enterasys Networks
Enterasys Networks, Inc. was an American networking company. Enterasys products included networking equipment ranging from routers, switches, and IEEE 802.11 wireless access points and controllers. The company formed in March 2000 as a spin-off of Cabletron Systems.

In addition to networking hardware such as switches, routers and wireless products, the company sold software for managing and securing networks such as intrusion prevention systems, network access control and security information management.

The company's headquarters were in Salem, New Hampshire.

Salem, New Hampshire
Salem is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 30,089 at the 2020 census and an estimated 30,647 in 2022. Salem is a suburb of Boston and Manchester located on Interstate 93. As the first town along I-93 northbound in New Hampshire, Salem has grown into a regional commercial hub for the northern section of Greater Boston, anchored by the Mall at Rockingham Park and Tuscan Village. Other major sites include Canobie Lake Park, a large amusement park; and America's Stonehenge, a stone structure of disputed origins. It is the former home of Rockingham Park, a horse racetrack. The Sununu political family hails from Salem, including former New Hampshire governor and White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu, and his sons John E. Sununu, a former U.S. senator, and Chris Sununu, former New Hampshire governor.
Selma Haddadi
Selma Malika Haddadi (born 1977) is an Algerian diplomat and legal expert currently serving as the Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission since February 15, 2025. She succeeded Rwandan Monique Nsanzabaganwa in this role.

Monique Nsanzabaganwa
Monique Nsanzabaganwa is a Rwanda economist, politician and diplomat, who served as the vice-chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2021 to 2025. Before that, between 2011 and 2021, she served as the deputy governor of the National Bank of Rwanda.
Rúnar Alex Rúnarsson
Rúnar Alex Rúnarsson (born 18 February 1995) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Danish Superliga club Copenhagen. He has also previously played for Dijon, Nordsjælland, KR Reykjavik and Arsenal.

Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur
Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰnahtˌspɪ(r)tnʏˌfjɛːˌlaːɣ ˈreiːcaˌviːkʏr̥], lit. 'Reykjavík Football Club'), commonly abbreviated to KR, is an Icelandic football club based in the Vesturbær district of the capital, Reykjavík.

KR is the oldest and most successful club in Icelandic football, having won the Besta deild karla championship 27 times, including the first season in 1912. It is also the most successful club in the Icelandic men's Cup, with 14 titles including the first in 1960 and most recent in 2014. In 1964, KR was also the first Icelandic representative in the European Cup.
Valeriy Dolinin
Valeriy Alekseyevich Dolinin (Russian: Валерий Алексеевич Долинин, 25 July 1953 – 15 November 2021) was a Russian rower who specialized in the coxless fours. In this event, he won a world title in 1981 and silver medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1982 World Rowing Championships (with Aleksandr Kulagin, Aleksey Kamkin, and Vitaly Eliseyev), as well as a world title in 1977 and an Olympic bronze in 1976 with other teams.

Dolinin was professor at the faculty of physical education of the Radioelectronics Institute of A. S. Popov, he held a Navy rank of Captain.

Aleksandr Popov (physicist)
Alexander Stepanovich Popov (sometimes spelled Popoff; Russian: Александр Степанович Попов; March 16 [O.S. March 4] 1859 – January 13 [O.S. December 31, 1905] 1906) was a Russian physicist who was one of the first people to invent a radio receiving device.

Popov's work as a teacher at a Russian naval school led him to explore high-frequency electrical phenomena. On 7 May 1895, he presented a paper on a wireless lightning detector he had built that worked via using a coherer to detect radio noise from lightning strikes. This day is celebrated today in Russia as Radio Day. In a 24 March 1896 demonstration, he transmitted radio signals 250 meters between different campus buildings in St. Petersburg. His work was based on that of another physicist, Oliver Lodge, and contemporaneous with the work of Guglielmo Marconi.
Karabin lotniczy wz. 36
Karabin lotniczy uniwersalny wz. 36 (English: universal aviation rifle pattern 1936) is a Polish 7.92 mm calibre aerial machine gun of late 1930s. It was a development of karabin lotniczy wz. 33, itself a modification of the successful ckm wz. 30 multi-purpose heavy machine gun.

The major differences between wz. 33 and wz. 36 included redesigned feeding mechanisms allowing for the weapon to be fed from both sides (and coupled on double mountings). It was fed by belt magazines of 100 bullets each.

Intended to become the main type of aerial machine gun in Polish service both as fixed wing- or nose-mounted and as turret-mounted weapon, due to the introduction of lekki karabin lotniczy wz. 37 it was to serve only in fixed mountings in such planes as LWS-3 Mewa, PZL.46 Sum, PZL.50 Jastrząb, PZL.54 Ryś and PZL.55. Nevertheless, a man-operated mounting was also developed and was used in PZL.43 and PZL.43A light bombers used by Bulgarian Air Force.

Bulgarian Air Force
The Bulgarian Air Force (Bulgarian: Военновъздушни сили, romanized: Voennovazdushni sili) is one of the three branches of the Military of Bulgaria, the other two being the Bulgarian Navy and Bulgarian land forces. Its mission is to guard and protect the sovereignty of Bulgarian airspace, and jointly with the other branches, to protect territorial integrity. The Bulgarian Air Force is one of the oldest air forces in Europe and the world. In recent times it has been actively taking part in numerous NATO missions and exercises in Europe.

The current commanding officer of the Bulgarian Air Force is Major General Nikolai Rusev.
Montana Highway 84
Highway 84 (MT 84) is a 28.904-mile-long (46.516 km) east–west state highway in the U.S. State of Montana. MT 84's western terminus is at U.S. Route 287 (US 287) in the small community of Norris and the eastern terminus is at US 191 and MT 85 at Four Corners. The highway's eastern terminus, about 7 miles (11 km) west of Bozeman, is a location known locally as "Four Corners." From Four Corners, US 191 runs east to Bozeman, and south to West Yellowstone; Highway 84 travels west to Norris; and Montana Highway 85 runs north to Belgrade.

Before receiving its current designation, Highway 84 was designated as Montana Secondary Highway 289.

U.S. Route 191 in Montana
U.S. Highway 191 (US 191) is a north-south United States Numbered Highway in the state of Montana. It extends approximately 442.2 miles (711.7 km) from Yellowstone National Park north to the Canadian border.
The United States elevated to Glory and Honor
The United States elevated to Glory and Honor is a book by Ezra Stiles, published in 1783.

The book is a transcript of a sermon given to Jonathan Trumbull and the Connecticut General Assembly, on May 8, 1783. At the time, Stiles was the President of Yale College and a Congregationalist minister.

Jonathan Trumbull
Jonathan Trumbull Sr. (October 12, 1710 – August 17, 1785) was an American politician who served as the governor of Connecticut during the American Revolution. Trumbull and Nicholas Cooke of Rhode Island were the only men to serve as governor of both a British colony and a U.S. state, and he was the only governor to take up the Patriot cause at the start of the Revolutionary War. Trumbull College at Yale University, the town of Trumbull, Connecticut, Trumbull County, Ohio (originally part of the Connecticut Western Reserve), and Jonathan the Husky the UConn mascot are all named for him. Trumbull was the father of John Trumbull, the noted artist, and Jonathan Trumbull Jr., Governor of Connecticut and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.
Sir Richard Peninsula
Sir Richard Peninsula is a narrow peninsula consisting of sand which extends from Goolwa, South Australia to the Murray Mouth.  It separates the Goolwa Channel, which is part of the estuary of the River Murray, from Encounter Bay. It is approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in length and ranges from 500 metres (1,600 ft)to 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) in width. The peninsula, together with the Younghusband Peninsula on the eastern side of the Murray Mouth, is the primary sand dune line defining this stretch of the Australian coastline.

Sir Richard Peninsula was named after Richard Graves MacDonnell, the sixth governor of South Australia, and is located within the gazetted locality of Goolwa South.

Encounter Bay
Encounter Bay is a bay in the Australian state of South Australia located on the state's south central coast about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of the state capital of Adelaide. It was named by Matthew Flinders after his encounter on 8 April 1802 with Nicolas Baudin, the commander of the Baudin expedition of 1800–03.  It is the site of both the mouth of the River Murray and the regional city of Victor Harbor.  It is one of four "historic bays" located on the South Australian coast.
Patria Pasi
The Patria Pasi (earlier known as the Sisu Pasi) is a Finnish-made six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier (APC) originally designed for Finnish Defence Forces. The first variant was produced in 1983, and serial production began in 1984. It was designed to operate with ease of use, simple structure and low-cost maintenance. The basic appearance and configuration of the Pasi is similar to most other wheeled APCs. The XA-180 and XA-185 are fully amphibious, while other variants are not.

Amphibious vehicle
An amphibious vehicle (or simply amphibian) is a vehicle that works both on land and on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, combat vehicles, and hovercraft.

Classic landing craft are not amphibious vehicles as they do not work on land, although they are part of amphibious warfare. Ground effect vehicles, such as ekranoplans, would likely crash on any but the flattest of landmasses so are also not considered to be amphibious vehicles.
Rabe (Novi Kneževac)
Rabe (Serbian Cyrillic: Рабе, Hungarian: Rábé, Romanian: Rabe) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Novi Kneževac municipality, in the North Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has population of 62 according to the 2022 census, a 54% decrease from the 2002 census, which recorded a population of 135.

A border crossing to Hungary opened in October 2019, ending the village's century isolation and renewing the traditional ties with the Hungarian village of Kübekháza.

North Banat District
The North Banat District (Serbian: Севернобанатски округ, romanized: Severnobanatski okrug, pronounced [sêʋeːrnobǎnaːtskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the geographical regions of Banat and Bačka. According to the 2022 census, the North Banat District has a population of 117,896 inhabitants. The administrative center of the district is the city of Kikinda.
Thelephoric acid
Thelephoric acid is a terphenylquinone pigment that is found in several fungi, such as Omphalotus subilludens and Polyozellus multiplex. Thelephoric acid has been shown to inhibit prolyl endopeptidase, an enzyme that has a role in processing proteins (specifically, amyloid precursor protein) in Alzheimer's disease. Chemicals that inhibit prolyl endopeptidase have attracted research interest due to their potential therapeutic effects. It is derived from atromentin, and its precursor can be from cyclovariegatin. Fragmentation patterns have suggested that polymers of thelephoric acid exists.

Amyloid-beta precursor protein
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. It functions as a cell surface receptor and has been implicated as a regulator of synapse formation, neural plasticity, antimicrobial activity, and iron export. It is coded for by the gene APP and regulated by substrate presentation. APP is best known as the precursor molecule whose proteolysis generates amyloid beta (Aβ), a polypeptide containing 37 to 49 amino acid residues, whose amyloid fibrillar form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients.
Begoña Sánchez
Begoña Sánchez Santos (born 26 June 1969) is a Spanish team handball player who played for the Spanish national team. She was born in Madrid. She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where the Spanish team placed seventh.

Spain women's national handball team
The Spain women's national handball team is governed by the Royal Spanish Handball Federation. Spain has been world and twice continental finalist. They also have won medals in the three main international competitions: one Olympic in 2012, two World Championship (2011, 2019) and two European Championship (2008, 2014).
Sashinka
Sashinka is a Canadian drama film, directed by Kristina Wagenbauer and released in 2018. The film stars Carla Turcotte as Sasha, a musician who is preparing for her band's potential breakthrough concert when her estranged mother Elena (Natalia Dontcheva) shows up on her doorstep.

The film premiered at the Festival du Nouveau Cinéma de Montréal in 2017.

The film received three Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019, for Best Actress (Turcotte), Best Editing (Jules Saulnier) and Best Original Song (Jean-Sébastien Williams, "Help Is On the Way"). It received three Prix Iris nominations at the 21st Quebec Cinema Awards, for Best Actress (Turcotte), Best Supporting Actress (Dontcheva) and Best Casting (Wagenbauer, Nolwenn Daste, Fanny Rainville).

Canadian Screen Award for Best Editing
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Achievement in Editing is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian film editor in a feature film. The award was presented for the first time in 1966 as part of the Canadian Film Awards, and was transitioned to the new Genie Awards in 1980. Since 2012 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.

Beginning with the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards, a separate category was introduced for Best Editing in a Documentary.
Kurt Jooss
Kurt Jooss (12 January 1901 – 22 May 1979) was a famous German ballet dancer and choreographer mixing classical ballet with theatre; he is also widely regarded as the founder of Tanztheater. Jooss is noted for establishing several dance companies, including most notably, the Folkwang Tanztheater, in Essen.

Classical ballet
Classical ballet is any of the traditional, formal styles of ballet that exclusively employ classical ballet technique. It is known for its aesthetics and rigorous technique (such as pointe work, turnout of the legs, and high extensions), its flowing, precise movements, and its ethereal qualities.

There are stylistic variations related to an area or origin, which are denoted by classifications such as Russian ballet, French ballet, British ballet and Italian ballet. For example, Russian ballet features high extensions and dynamic turns, whereas Italian ballet tends to be more grounded, with a focus on fast, intricate footwork. Many of the stylistic variations are associated with specific training methods that have been named after their originators. Despite these variations, the performance and vocabulary of classical ballet are largely consistent throughout the world.
B-share (mainland China)
B shares (Chinese: B股, officially Domestically Listed Foreign Investment Shares) on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges refers to those that are traded in foreign currencies. Shares that are traded on the two mainland Chinese stock exchanges in Renminbi, the currency in mainland China, are called A shares.

Shanghai Stock Exchange
The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai, China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in mainland China, the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's third-largest stock market by market capitalization, exceeding $6 trillion in July 2024. It is also Asia's biggest stock exchange. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors and is often affected by the decisions of the central government due to capital account controls exercised by the Chinese authorities.

In 1891, Shanghai founded China's first exchange system. The current stock exchange was re-established on November 26, 1990, and was in operation on December 19 of the same year. It is a non-profit organization directly administered by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC).
The Married Man
The Married Man is a 1789 comedy play by the English writer Elizabeth Inchbald, inspired by the 1727 French play Le Philosophe Marié by Philippe Néricault Destouches. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London on 15 July 1789. The original cast included John Palmer as Lord Lovemore, John Bannister as Sir John Classick, James Aickin as Mr Classick, Stephen Kemble as Tradwell Classick, James Brown Williamson as Dorimant, Elizabeth Kemble as  Lady Classick and Mary Whitfield as Lucy.

Stephen Kemble
George Stephen Kemble (21 April 1758 – 5 June 1822) was a successful English theatre manager, actor, and writer, and a member of the famous Kemble family. He was described as "the best Sir John Falstaff which the British stage ever saw" though he also played title roles in Hamlet and King Lear among others. He published plays, poetry and non-fiction.

Kemble wed prominent actress Elizabeth Satchell (1783). His niece was the actress and abolitionist Fanny Kemble.
Niki Fürstauer
Nicolas "Niki" Fürstauer (born July 18, 1980) is an Austrian alpine skier. He competed for Lebanon at the 2002 Winter Olympics in the slalom event, and also won the first ever and first gold Asian Winter Games medal for Lebanon at 2003 Asian Winter Games.

Asian Winter Games
The Asian Winter Games (AWG) is an international multi-sport event held every four years for members of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) featuring winter events. The Japanese Olympic Committee first suggested creating a winter version of the Asian Games in 1982. Their efforts were rewarded when they received hosting rights for the first edition, held in Sapporo in 1986, as the city had the infrastructure and expertise gained from hosting of the 1972 Winter Olympics.

From having only seven OCA member nations participate in the first edition, the number of competing nations in the Winter Asiad has grown consistently. In the 2007 Asian Winter Games in Changchun, 27 out of the 45 members fielded a record number of competitors, while all 45 National Olympic Committees sent delegations for the first time in AWG history.

Although games were considered for Lebanon in 2009, they were ultimately cancelled. The next edition is scheduled to be held in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
2018 New Hampshire Executive Council election
The 2018 New Hampshire Executive Council elections were held on November 6, 2018 to elect all five members of the Executive Council of New Hampshire. The party primaries were held on September 11.

The Democrats gained a majority on the council for the first time since 2014.

Executive Council of New Hampshire
The Executive Council of the State of New Hampshire (colloquially referred to as the Governor's Council) is the executive body of New Hampshire in the United States. The Executive Council advises the Governor on all matters and provides a check on the governor's power. While the governor retains the right to veto legislation passed by the New Hampshire General Court and commands the New Hampshire National Guard, the council has overruling power on pardons, contracts with a value greater than $10,000, and nominations. The Executive Council Chambers have been located in the New Hampshire State House since the chambers were added to the capitol in 1909.
Italian Service Units
The Italian Service Units or ISUs were military units composed of Italian prisoners of war (POWs) that served with the Allies during World War II against Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan from May 1944 to October 1945. The armed forces of the United States captured many Italian soldiers during the North African campaign Operation Torch, which started in November 1942 and sent 51,000 of them to the United States. After the signing of the armistice by the Badoglio government in Italy on September 8, 1943, and with Pietro Badoglio and the Kingdom of the South officially declaring war on Nazi Germany on October 13, 1943, the Americans began to see the POWs as potential allies. The capture of Rome by the Allies on June 4, 1944, motivated many POWs to change sides. About 90% joined Italian Service Units, which operated in the United States and overseas.

Pietro Badoglio
Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba, 1st Marquess of Sabotino (US: /bəˈdoʊljoʊ/ bə-DOH-lyoh, Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro baˈdɔʎʎo]; 28 September 1871 – 1 November 1956), was an Italian general during both world wars and the first viceroy of Italian East Africa. With the fall of the Fascist regime, he became Prime Minister of Italy.