hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saoutchik
Saoutchik was a French coachbuilding company founded in 1906 and based in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris. The company was one of the best-known coachbuilders in France in the 1920s and 1930s and, together with Figoni et Falaschi and Franay, is considered one of the most important representatives of the "Baroque" style in French coachwork in the 1930s and 1940s.

A new Saoutchik company was founded in 2016, and revealed its first new design in 2024.

Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [nøji syʁ sɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban commune in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France. An immediate western suburb of Paris, it is physically separated from the capital centre only by the Périphérique to its east and the Bois de Boulogne to its south.

Neuilly is mainly made up of residential neighborhoods and hosts several corporate headquarters and foreign embassies. One of the most affluent areas of France, it is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris. Although, as of 2020, it is the commune with only the fourth highest median per capita income (€52,570 per year) in France, if Neuilly is grouped together with the city's adjacent 16th and 17th arrondissements, they form the most affluent residential area in the country.
Dio lo sa
Dio lo sa (transl. God knows it) is the third studio album by Italian rapper Geolier, released by Warner Music Italy on 7 June 2024.

The album includes guest features by Italian rappers Lazza, Sfera Ebbasta, Shiva, Luchè and Guè, Italian singer Ultimo and Argentine singer María Becerra as well as rap duo Co'Sang and singer Rose Villain in its deluxe version. It topped the Italian albums chart.

Shiva (rapper)
Shiva, stage name of Andrea Arrigoni (born 27 August 1999) is an Italian rapper.

He debuted with the studio album Tempo anima in January 2017. In 2020 his single "Auto blu" featuring Eiffel 65 peaked number 1 of FIMI's single chart for three weeks.
Seán Carroll
Seán Carroll (20 January 1892 – 1 February 1954) was an Irish politician. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick constituency at the 1923 general election.  He did not take his seat in the Dáil due to Sinn Féin's abstentionist policy.

He did not contest the June 1927 general election. He stood as a Clann na Poblachta candidate at the 1948 general election for the Limerick East constituency but was not elected.

Limerick (Dáil constituency)
Limerick was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas elected on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). From 1923 to 1948, it represented the whole city and county of Limerick. On its second creation, from 2011 to 2016, it represented the rural part of the county of Limerick, other than in its neighbouring constituencies of Kerry North–West Limerick and Limerick City.
Vipin Mohan
Vipin Mohan is an Indian cinematographer and film director who works mainly in Malayalam cinema.

He worked as a cinematographer for over a hundred Malayalam films. Some of his notable works include Nadodikkattu (1987), Kakkothikkavile Appooppan Thaadikal (1988), Varavelpu (1989), Thalayana Manthram (1990), and Sandesam (1991). He made his directorial debut with the film Pattanathil Sundaran. He became an independent cinematographer with Njattadi after previously assisting renowned cinematographer Madhu Ambat.

He acted as a child artist in the film Neelakuyil (1954) when he was 4 years old. In the 2010 film Best Actor, he appeared in a guest role as a judge for a reality show.

He composed music for the film Kanakachilanka (1990), released in 1990.

Sandesam
Sandesam (transl. Message) is a 1991 Indian Malayalam-language political satire black comedy film directed by Sathyan Anthikad and written by Sreenivasan starring Thilakan, Sreenivasan, Jayaram, Oduvil Unnikrishnan, Siddique, Kaviyoor Ponnamma and Maathu. The film deals with political activism existing in Kerala and takes major digs on the political parties in the state. In the film, Raghavan, a retired railway employee, wishes to live the rest of his life with his family. However, he is forced to become a mediator and reconcile his two sons who feud over petty politics.

Sandesam is often regarded as a classic in Malayalam cinema. The film was included in IBN Live's list of "100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time". The film was remade in Tamil language as Veettai Paar Naattai Paar by director Thulasidas in 1994.
Shade house
A shade house is a horticultural structure which provides a mix of shade and light to provide suitable conditions for shade-loving plants, or to reduce the temperatures under the cover.  Typically it will have a frame which supports mesh fabric or wood lath.

Shade houses may also be used in commercial horticulture.  For example, vanilla vines need 50% shade and, in deforested areas of Mexico, this is provided by shade houses of 1,000 – 10,000 square metres.  These have tree-like support posts or actual living trees.  From these, shade cloth walls of 3–5 metres height are suspended and these are black or red to cut the luminosity by half.

Shade tolerance
In ecology, shade tolerance is a plant's ability to tolerate low light levels.  The term is also used in horticulture and landscaping, although in this context its use is sometimes imprecise, especially in labeling of plants for sale in commercial nurseries.

Shade tolerance is a complex, multi-faceted property of plants. Different plant species exhibit different adaptations to shade, and a particular plant can exhibit varying degrees of shade tolerance, or even of requirement for light, depending on its history or stage of development.
Tartu railway station
Tartu railway station (Estonian: Tartu raudteejaam) is a railway station in Tartu, Estonia.

Tartu railway station is situated west of the centre Tartu. It was established in 1876 when Tapa–Tartu route was built. The station building was opened in 1877.

Passenger trains are operated by Elron. There are services towards Tallinn, Valga, Koidula and during summertimes to Piusa.

There are two platforms with the length of 260m and 330m.

Piusa
Piusa is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County, in southeastern Estonia. It is located on the left bank of the river Piusa, near the border of Russia. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Orava Parish.

Piusa is famous for its sand caves along the river.

Sand quarries for glass production are active in Piusa since 1922.

Piusa has a station on the railway line that formerly linked Valga and Pechory. As of 2022 there are up to two services a day in the summer season (from May until August) from Piusa to Koidula railway station on the border with Russia, with one service in each direction having a connection to / from Tartu.

On 4 May 2011 a shooting incident between police officers and local landowner took place on the territory of Piusa village, close to Võmmorski. As a result, the landowner and a police officer died and two were wounded.
Battle of Zhovkva
The Battle of Zhovkva (Ukrainian: Битва під Жовквою) was a battle that took place between the Ukrainian Galician Army and the Polish army for the strategically important city of Zhovkva during the Polish–Ukrainian War from January 6 to 11, 1919 as a part of larger Polish offensive against the UGA.

Polish–Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War, from November 1918 to July 1919, was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both the West Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic).

The conflict had its roots in ethnic, cultural, and political differences between the Polish and Ukrainian populations living in the region, as Poland and both Ukrainian republics emerged from the collapse of the Russian and Austrian empires.

The war started in Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and spilled over into the Chełm and Volhynia regions formerly belonging to the Russian Empire.

Poland won the disputed territory on 18 July 1919.
CRB Dréan
Chabab Riadhi Baladiat Dréan (Arabic: االشباب الرياضي لبلدية الذرعان), known as CRB Dréan  or simply CRBD for short, is an Algerian football club located in Dréan, Algeria. The club was founded in 1932 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Naili Amar Stadium, has a capacity of 5,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Ligue Régional I.

Ligue Régional I
Ligue Régional makes up the fourth and fifth divisions in the Algerian football league system. The division has ninegroups based on the region of the clubs in the country, each containing 16 teams from their respective regions.
Karel Finek
Karel Finek (27 May 1920 – 8 September 1989) was a Czech football player and manager.

He played for SK Baťov, Slavia Prague and Saint-Étienne. He capped twice for Czechoslovakia.

He coached Cracovia, Śląsk Wrocław, Slavia Prague, Wisła Kraków, Garbarnia Kraków, SpVgg Weiden and FC Amberg.

FC Amberg
FC Amberg is a German football club from the city of Amberg, Bavaria. The team was established on 6 April 1921 as Amberg Fußballverein and on 17 January 1939 adopted the name Verein für Leibesübungen Amberg.
USS Monocacy
Several ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Monocacy for the Battle of Monocacy:

USS Monocacy (1864), a gunboat launched in 1864, and served until 1903

USS Monocacy (PG-20), commissioned in 1914 and decommissioned in 1939

USS Genesee (AT-55), originally the civilian tug Monocacy (1905)

USS Monocacy (PG-20)
USS Monocacy was one of two shallow draft gunboats designed for service on the upper Yangtze River over 900 miles (1,400 km) inland. It was pre-constructed at Mare Island Navy Yard in 1912 and then dismantled and shipped to Shanghai, China. She was laid down by the Shanghai Dock & Engineering Co. 28 April 1913. One year later, on 27 April 1914 she was launched, sponsored by Mrs. Andrew E. Carter, and commissioned 24 June 1914.
The Chantry School
The Chantry School is a mixed gender secondary school with academy status located in Martley, Worcestershire, England. The school has about 900 students on roll who come mainly from small villages around the edge of Worcester, The school has a Technology College specialism.

Technology College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
In the United Kingdom, a Technology College was part of the 2011-defunct specialist schools programme (SSP) in the United Kingdom. It was a specialist school that specialises in design and technology, mathematics and science. Beginning in 1994, they were the first specialist schools that were not CTC colleges. In 2008, there were 598 Technology Colleges in England, of which 12 also specialised in another subject.
Donald D. Belcher
Donald D. Belcher (November 29, 1938 – July 6, 2018) was chairman and CEO of Banta Corporation from 1994 until his retirement in 2004.

Belcher joined Banta in 1994 as president and chief operating officer. Prior to Banta, Belcher was with Avery Dennison Corporation for more than 20 years culminating in senior group vice president, worldwide office products.

Belcher held a B.A. from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.

Banta Corporation
Banta Corporation was a major printing, imaging, and supply chain management company of the United States, based in Menasha, Wisconsin, for all of its 105 years. Founded in 1901, it was acquired by Chicago-based RR Donnelley in late 2006.
Arnold Kramish
Arnold Kramish (June 6, 1923  – June 15, 2010) was an American nuclear physicist and author who was associated with the Manhattan Project. While working on the project, he was nearly killed in an accident at  the Philadelphia Naval Yard where a prototype thermal diffusion isotope separation device was being constructed. The priest of the Philadelphia Naval Yard offered last rites to Kramish, who refused, as he was Jewish. After World War II, he wrote numerous books on  nuclear issues.  He is perhaps best known for his book The Griffin - the greatest untold espionage story of World War II, about Paul Rosbaud, who passed important scientific and military information from Germany to the Allies through Frank Foley who, as MI6 station chief in Berlin, had recruited Rosbaud as Der Greif, Agent Griffin.

Frank Foley
Major Francis Edward Foley CMG (24 November 1884  – 8 May 1958) was a British Secret Intelligence Service officer. As a passport control officer for the British Embassy in Berlin, Foley "bent the rules" and helped thousands of Jewish families escape from Nazi Germany after Kristallnacht and before the outbreak of the Second World War. He is officially recognised as a British Hero of the Holocaust and as a Righteous Among the Nations.
2021 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2021 Italian Open (also known as the Rome Masters or the Internazionali BNL d'Italia for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy, 9–16 May 2021. It was the 78th edition of the Italian Open and is classified as an ATP Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2021 ATP Tour and a WTA 1000 event on the 2021 WTA Tour.

Foro Italico
Foro Italico is a sports complex in Rome, Italy, on the slopes of Monte Mario. It was built between 1928 and 1938 as the Foro Mussolini (literally Mussolini's Forum) under the design of Enrico Del Debbio and, later, Luigi Moretti.  Inspired by the Roman forums of the imperial age, its design is lauded as a preeminent example of Italian fascist architecture instituted by Mussolini. The purpose of the prestigious project was to get the Olympic Games of 1940 to be organised by fascist Italy and held in Rome.
St Severus' Church, Erfurt
St Severus' Church (German: Severikirche) in the city of Erfurt in Thuringia, Germany, is a Roman Catholic church building. It stands on the Domberg (Cathedral Hill) directly next to St Mary's Cathedral. As a unique architectural ensemble, both churches together form the city's landmark. Due to its unusual form, which seems to anticipate the late Gothic hall church, St Severus' Church is one of the most important Gothic buildings in Germany. The bones of the church patron Severus of Ravenna rest in an artistically very significant sarcophagus.

Hall church
A hall church is a church with a nave and aisles of approximately equal height. In England, Flanders and the Netherlands, it is covered by parallel roofs, typically, one for each vessel, whereas in Germany there is often one single immense roof. The term was invented in the mid-19th century by Wilhelm Lübke, a pioneering German art historian. In contrast to an architectural basilica, where the nave is lit from above by the clerestory, a hall church is lit by the windows of the side walls typically spanning almost the full height of the interior.
Franz Nikolaus Finck
Franz Nikolaus Finck (26 June 1867 – 4 May 1910) was a German philologist, born in Krefeld. He was a professor of General Linguistics at the University of Berlin.

Finck visited the Aran Islands of Ireland, where he lived with speakers of Irish Gaelic. His research on the phonology of Irish resulted in the book Die Araner Mundart: Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung des Westirischen (The Aran Dialect: A Contribution to the Study of Western Irish). This work was characteristic of Finck's emphasis on the study of remote dialects of languages.

He went on to work on a broad variety of languages, but was best known to his colleagues for his work on languages of the Caucasus. He also worked extensively on the Armenian language, compiling a grammar of that language.

Finck held the belief (now known to be mistaken) that all of the languages of the Caucasus were related.

Among his students was John Peabody Harrington.

Aran Islands
The Aran Islands (/ˈærən/ ARR-ən; Irish: Oileáin Árann, pronounced [əˈlʲaːnʲ ˈaːɾˠən̪ˠ]) or The Arans (na hÁrainneacha [n̪ˠə ˈhaːɾˠən̠ʲəxə]), are a group of three islands at the mouth of Galway Bay, off the west coast of Ireland, with a combined area of about 46 km2 (18 mi2). They form the historic barony of Aran in County Galway.

From west to east, the islands are Inishmore (Árainn / Inis Mór), which is the largest; Inishmaan (Inis Meáin), the second-largest; and Inisheer (Inis Oírr), the smallest. Several smaller islets also lie in the group.

The population of 1,347 (as of 2022) primarily speaks Irish, making the islands part of the Gaeltacht. Most residents are also fluent or proficient in English. The population has declined steadily since 1841, when it was approximately 3,500.
Ghaus
Ghaus, Ghous, Ghos or Gawth is an Arabic name. Notable people with this name include:

Adnan Ghaus (born 1990), Pakistani cricket player

Aisha Ghaus Pasha (born 1962), Pakistani politician

Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo (1917–1989), Pakistani politician

Ghaus Mohammad (1915–1982), Indian tennis player

Ghaus Pak, a title of Abdul Qadir Gilani (1078–1166), Sufi preacher and theologian

Gholam Ghaus Z., Afghan-German citizen

Ghulam Ghaus (Afghan politician), Afghan politician

Ghulam Ghaus (Indian politician), Indian politician from Bihar

Ghulam Ghaus Hazarvi (1896–1981), Pakistani politician

Ghulam Ghaus Khan, Indian freedom fighter from Rawalpindi

Jarnail Ghaus Khan (–1814), Indian general in the Sikh Empire

Muhammad Ghawth (1500–1562), Indian Sufi saint from Gwalior
Mohammed Ghous Mosque, mosque built by him in Ahmedabad, India

Abdul Qadir Gilani
Abdul Qadir Gilani (c. 1077 or 1078 – c. 1166) was a Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi mystic leader who was the eponym of the Qadiriyya, one of the oldest Sufi orders.

He was born in c. 1077 or 1078 in the town of Na'if, Rezvanshahr in Gilan, Persia, and died in 1166 in Baghdad. His epithet, Gilani refers to his place of birth, Gilan, while the epithet, Baghdadi, referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad.
Tityosteus
Tityosteus is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Early Emsian of the Early Devonian, with fossils known from Germany, the Ibero-Armorican Trough, and southern Siberia. It attained a length of 2.5 meters.

Emsian
The Emsian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 410.62 ±1.95 million years ago to 393.47 ±0.99 million years ago. It was preceded by the Pragian Stage and followed by the Eifelian Stage. It is named after the Ems river in Germany. The GSSP is located in the Zinzil'ban Gorge in the Kitab State Geological Reserve of Uzbekistan, 35 centimetres (14 in) above the contact with the Madmon Formation.

In North America the Emsian Stage is represented by Sawkill or Sawkillian time.
Family-Kōemmae Station
Family-Kōemmae Station (ファミリー公園前駅, Famirīkōenmae eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Yamatokōriyama, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company, Kintetsu Railway.

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture (奈良県, Nara-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425 sq mi). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
Scientific rigging
Scientific rigging is a term referring to a number of malpractices used by political parties to win elections in West Bengal state in India. These malpractices may include booth capturing, party cadres impersonating genuine voters, polling agents beaten up threatening voters not to vote for the opposition, etc. These malpractices are generally achieved through blatant use of government power and organization of political parties. The term was used by the opposition to the Left Front government in West Bengal.

To prevent scientific rigging the Election Commission of India takes various extremely stringent norms, including a number of check lists, additional visits by officials and even scrutinizing the training of block-level officers.

Left Front (West Bengal)
The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplobi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.

The Left Front ruled the state of West Bengal for 34 years in seven consecutive terms 1977–2011, five with Jyoti Basu as Chief Minister and two under Buddhadev Bhattacharya. The CPI(M) is the dominant force in the alliance. In the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election the Left Front failed to gain a majority of seats and left office. As of 2016 Biman Bose is the Chairman of the West Bengal Left Front Committee.
Infineta Systems
Infineta Systems was a company that made WAN optimization products for high performance, latency-sensitive network applications. The company advertised that it allowed application data rate to exceed the nominal data rate of the link. Infineta Systems ceased operations by February 2013, a liquidator was appointed, and its products will no longer be manufactured, sold or distributed.

Riverbed Technology purchased some of Infineta's assets from the liquidator.

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
Kostníky
Kostníky is a municipality and village in Třebíč District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Kostníky lies approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) south-west of Třebíč, 48 km (30 mi) south of Jihlava, and 152 km (94 mi) south-east of Prague.

Třebíč
Třebíč (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtr̝̊ɛbiːtʃ] ⓘ; German: Trebitsch) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 35,000 inhabitants.

The beginnings of the town's history are connected with the establishment of a Benedictine monastery, where the castle is located today. In the age of its expansion, Třebíč was the third most important town in Moravia. The population growth started after World War II.

There are several well-known tourist sights in the town. The Jewish Quarter and the St. Procopius Basilica are listed together as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.