hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Mufaddal ad-Dabbi
Al-Mufaddal ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'la ibn 'Amir ibn Salim ibn ar-Rammal ad-Dabbi, commonly known as al-Mufaḍḍal aḍ-Ḍabbī (Arabic: المُفَضَّل الضَّبِي), died c. 780–787, was an Arabic philologist of the Kufan school. Al-Mufaddal was a contemporary of Hammad ar-Rawiya and Khalaf al-Ahmar, the famous collectors of early and pre-Islamic Arabic poetry and tradition, and was somewhat the junior of Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala', the first scholar who systematically set himself to preserve the poetic literature of the Arabs. He died about fifty years before Abu ʿUbaidah and al-Asma'i, to whose labours posterity is largely indebted for the arrangement, elucidation and criticism of ancient Arabian verse; and his anthology was put together between fifty and sixty years before the compilation by Abu Tammam of the Hamasah.

Abu Tammam
Ḥabīb ibn Aws al-Ṭā’ī (حبيب بن أوس الطائي; ca. 796/807 - 845), better known by his sobriquet Abū Tammām (أبو تمام), was an Arab Muslim poet. He is well known for compiling the Hamasah, which is considered to be one of the greatest anthologies of Arabic literature ever assembled. The Hamasah contained 10 books of poems, with 884 poems in total.
Camille Bordas
Camille Bordas is a French writer and academic. She was an assistant professor at the University of Florida and her writing has been published in The New Yorker, The Paris Review, Tin House, Chicago Magazine, and LitHub.

Bordas was born in France and grew up in Mexico. She moved to the United States in 2012 to be with her husband, Adam Levin, who is also a writer.

Literary Hub
Literary Hub or LitHub is a daily literary website that was launched in 2015 by Grove Atlantic president and publisher Morgan Entrekin, American Society of Magazine Editors Hall of Fame editor Terry McDonell, and Electric Literature founder Andy Hunter.
Animal rights by country or territory
Animal rights vary greatly among countries and territories. Such laws range from the legal recognition of non-human animal sentience to the absolute lack of any anti-cruelty laws, with no regard for animal welfare.

Great Ape Project
The Great Ape Project (GAP), founded in 1993, is an international organization of primatologists, anthropologists, ethicists, and others who advocate a United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Great Apes that would confer basic legal rights on non-human great apes: bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

The rights suggested are the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture. The organization also monitors individual great ape activity in the United States through a census program. Once rights are established, GAP would demand the release of great apes from captivity; currently 3,100 are held in the U.S., including 1,280 in biomedical research facilities.
Salem Central Prison
Salem Central Prison is a prison constructed in 1862 near Hastampatti in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. It was initially built to house adult prisoners. However, as the need arose to accommodate adolescent prisoners, a jail annex was constructed in 1934 specifically for this purpose.

Salem, Tamil Nadu
Salem (pronounced [seːlam] ⓘ) is a major tier II city in Salem district, located on the banks of the Thirumanimutharu river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu surrounded by mountains. Salem is the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the state, and the third largest metropolitan region. The city is 124 km2 (48 sq mi) large.
Kate Logan
Katherine Logan is an American nonprofit executive and politician who serves in the Vermont House of Representatives representing the Chittenden-16 district. She was elected in 2022 alongside Jill Krowinski as a member of the Vermont Progressive Party with 45.0% percent of the vote and assumed office in January of 2023.

2022 Vermont House of Representatives election
The 2022 Vermont House of Representatives election took place on November 8, 2022, as part of the biennial United States elections. The election coincided with elections for other offices including the U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Governor, and State Senate. Vermont voters elected all 150 state representatives from 109 districts, with each district electing between one and two representatives. State representatives served two-year terms. A primary election was held on August 9, 2022, and it determined which candidates appear on the November 8 general election ballot. All the members elected would serve in the Vermont General Assembly. This election was the first to use new districts adopted by the Vermont General Assembly to allocate for population changes across the state after the 2020 census.

Democrats won 104 seats in the Vermont House, attaining a veto-proof super-majority. This is the most seats Democrats had ever held in the chamber, and the most for either party since 1966.
Derrynane
Derrynane, officially Darrynane (Irish: Doire Fhíonáin, meaning 'oak-wood of Fíonán'), is a small village in the civil parish of Kilcrohane in County Kerry, Ireland. It is located on the Iveragh peninsula, just off the N70 national primary road near Caherdaniel on the shores of Derrynane Bay.

National primary road
A national primary road (Irish: príomhbhóthar náisiúnta) is a road classification in Ireland. National primary roads form the major routes between the major urban centres. There are 2649 km of national primary roads. This category of road has the prefix "N" followed by one or two digits. Motorways are prefixed "M" followed by one or two digits.
Battle of Mestre
The sortie on Mestre occurred during the revolutionary year of 1848 on October 27.
Italian volunteers charged the Austrian fortification, took the town and withdrew, with the loot of three baggage-waggons, eight horses, large quantity of ammunition and the military chest, back to the fort at Marghera.

Mestre
Mestre (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmɛstre]) is a borough of the comune of Venice on the mainland opposite the historical island city in the region of Veneto, Italy.

Administratively, Mestre forms (together with the nearby Carpenedo) the Municipalità di Mestre-Carpenedo, one of the six boroughs or districts of the comune. Sometimes it is considered as a frazione. With 88,552 (2019) inhabitants, Mestre is the most populated urban centre of the comune. The population of the borough of Mestre-Carpenedo is 89,373 (2010).
2010 Israeli Air Force CH-53 crash
On 26 July 2010, an Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 Yas'ur helicopter crashed during a training flight in the Carpathian Mountains, near the city of Brașov in Romania. The accident took place during a joint Romanian-Israeli aviation military exercise code-named "Blue Sky 2010".

All on board the aircraft died: four Israeli pilots, two Israeli mechanics, and one Romanian liaison officer. An investigation into the incident concluded that the crash was most likely due to human error.

Human error
Human error is an action that has been done but that was "not intended by the actor; not desired by a set of rules or an external observer; or that led the task or system outside its acceptable limits". Human error has been cited as a primary cause and contributing factor in disasters and accidents in industries as diverse as nuclear power (e.g., the Three Mile Island accident), aviation (e.g., United Airlines Flight 173), space exploration (e.g., the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster), and medicine. Prevention of human error is generally seen as a major contributor to reliability and safety of (complex) systems. Human error is one of the many contributing causes of risk events.
Cylindrocopturus eatoni
Cylindrocopturus eatoni is a species of weevil commonly found in Oregon. The adults of the species are black and densely covered with grayish scales. The species is a good flier, but it often hops when disturbed, which is why it is often mistaken for a leafhopper. It lays its eggs singly in niches excavated in the bark of a main stem and its twigs. Cream-colored larvae hatch a few days later and begin tunneling in the outer layers of the roots, feeding on the phloem and xylem. The larvae pupate in spring. The species eats young ponderosa and Jeffrey pines. Its common name is pine reproduction weevil.

Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem; both of these are part of the vascular bundle. The basic function of the xylem is to transport water upward from the roots to parts of the plants such as stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients. The word xylem is derived from the Ancient Greek word ξύλον (xúlon), meaning "wood"; the best-known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout a plant. The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858.
Nervia wallengrenii
Nervia wallengrenii, also known as Wallengren's ranger or Wallengren's skipper, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal), Zimbabwe and from Mozambique to Kenya. The habitat consists of grassland and woodland.

The wingspan is 27–31 mm for males and 30-35 for females. Adults are on wing from August to November and from February to April. There are two generations per year.

The larvae probably feed on Imperata cylindrica.

Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica (commonly known as cogongrass /koʊˈɡoʊn/ or kunai grass /ˈkuːnaɪ/) is a species of perennial rhizomatous grass native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Australia, Africa, and Southern Europe. It has also been introduced to Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Southeastern United States. It is a highly flammable pyrophyte, and can spread rapidly by colonizing disturbed areas and encouraging more frequent wildfires.
Dragnet Girl
Dragnet Girl (非常線の女, Hijōsen no Onna) is a 1933 Japanese silent gangster film directed by Yasujirō Ozu. Written by Tadao Ikeda, the film tells the story of a gangster and his girlfriend finding redemption through the actions of an innocent girl and her not-so-innocent brother.

Gangster film
A gangster film or gangster movie is a film belonging to a genre that focuses on gangs and organized crime. It is a subgenre of crime film, that may involve large criminal organizations, or small gangs formed to perform certain illegal acts. The genre is differentiated from Westerns and the gangs of that genre.
Cricket 24
Cricket 24 is a cricket video game developed by Big Ant Studios and published by Nacon. It is the official video game of the 2023 Ashes series of cricket matches, and the sequel to the 2021 game Cricket 22. It was released on October 5, 2023. It is the eighth game from Big Ant Studios' ongoing Cricket series of games.

Nacon
Nacon SA (formerly Bigben Interactive SA) is a French video game publisher, holdings company and gaming peripherals manufacturer based in Lesquin. It designs and distributes gaming accessories, and publishes and distributes video games for various platforms. In 2020, Bigben Group was consolidated to form Nacon.
Mark Davis (basketball, born 1963)
Mark Giles Davis (born June 8, 1963) is an American former professional basketball player. He was a 6-foot-6-inch (1.98 m), 195 pounds (88 kg) small forward. He attended Great Bridge High School in Chesapeake, Virginia, where he was born. He played collegiately at Old Dominion University.

Davis was selected with the 9th pick of the fourth round of the 1985 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. In his only NBA season (1988–89) in which he spent time with the Milwaukee Bucks (31 games) and Phoenix Suns (2 games), he averaged 3.8 points and 1.1 rebounds per game.

He won the Spanish Cup in 1990, playing for CB Zaragoza. He also played in 1991 European Cup Winner's Cup final.

One of Davis's sons, Johnny, was drafted 10th overall in the 2022 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards. Mark's other son, Jordan, originally played college basketball for the Wisconsin Badgers, before transferring to Illinois State.

Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball
The Wisconsin Badgers are an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Big Ten Conference. The Badgers' home games are played at the Kohl Center, located on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus in Madison, Wisconsin. Wisconsin has 1,732 wins through the end of the 2024–25 season which is top 50 all-time among Division I college basketball programs. Wisconsin has appeared in the NCAA tournament 28 times. The Wisconsin Badgers currently have 51 players in their 1,000-point club as well.
Moonmilk
Moonmilk (sometimes called mondmilch, also known as bergmilch, montmilch, or cave milk) is a white, creamy substance found inside limestone, dolomite, and possibly other types of caves. It is a precipitate from limestone comprising aggregates of fine crystals of varying composition, usually made of carbonates such as calcite, aragonite, hydromagnesite, and/or monohydrocalcite.

Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant.

The liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the supernate or supernatant.
Yom Tov Lipman Lipkin
Yom Tov Lipman Lipkin (Hebrew: יום טוב ליפמן ליפקין, Russian: Липман Израилевич Липкин; 1846 – February 21 [O.S. February 9] 1875) was a Lithuanian Jewish mathematician and inventor.  He was the youngest son of Rabbi Yisroel Salanter, the father of the Musar movement.

Lipkin is best known for the Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage which was partly named after him.
The device is also known as the "Lipkin parallelogram".
Lipkin discovered the linkage independent from Peaucellier in 1871.
A model of Lipkin's invention was exhibited at the exposition at Vienna in 1873, and was later secured from the inventor by the Museum of the Institute of Engineers of Ways of Communication, St. Petersburg.

Musar movement
The Musar movement (Hebrew: תְּנוּעַת הַמוּסָר, romanized: tnūʿat ha-Mūsar; also spelled Mussar) is an ethical, educational, and cultural movement in Judaism that developed in 19th-century Lithuania, particularly among Orthodox Lithuanian Jews. Musar (Biblical Hebrew: מוּסָר) is derived from Proverbs 1:2, wherein the author of the book of Proverbs uses the term to describe moral behavior, instruction, and discipline, with an emphasis on educating oneself about how to act properly. The term was used by the originators of the Musar movement to convey teachings regarding ethical and spiritual paths found in the Musar literature (סִפְרוּת הַמוּסָר, sifrūt ha-Mūsar). The Musar movement made significant contributions to the Musar literature and Jewish ethics. The movement was revived in the 21st century among Jews of all denominations, particularly in the United States.
USS Craven (TB-10)
The first USS Craven (Torpedo Boat Destroyer No. 10/TB-10), was launched 25 September 1899 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; sponsored by Miss A. Craven, granddaughter of Commander Craven; and commissioned 9 June 1900.

Sailing from Portsmouth Navy Yard 19 June 1900, Craven reported to the Naval Torpedo Station at Newport 21 June and served there until 2 December when she returned to Portsmouth. She was placed out of commission there 5 December 1900.

Recommissioned 24 October 1902, Craven served at the Torpedo Station at Newport until 12 December 1903 when she sailed to New York Navy Yard. She was placed out of commission again 22 December 1903. Except for service with the Torpedo Station in 1906 and 1907, she remained out of commission until 14 December 1907 when she was assigned to the Reserve Torpedo Flotilla at Norfolk Navy Yard. In 1908 she was transferred to Charleston, South Carolina, where she was decommissioned 14 November 1913 and used as a target.

Bath Iron Works
Bath Iron Works (BIW) is a major United States shipyard located on the Kennebec River in Bath, Maine, founded in 1884 as Bath Iron Works, Limited. Since 1995, Bath Iron Works has been a subsidiary of General Dynamics, one of the world's largest defense companies. BIW has built private, commercial, and military vessels, most of which have been ordered by the United States Navy.
Maharshi Dayanand Law College
Maharshi Dayanand Law College situated at Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, is affiliated to the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, which was established in 2003. It is approved by Bar Council of India. According to The Indian Wire, Maharshi Dayanand Law College is the 9th most popular 3 year LLB program in India.

University of Rajasthan
The University of Rajasthan, informally known as Rajasthan University (RU, ISO: Rājasthān Viśvavidyālaya), is a public state university located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It was founded in 1947 by an Act of the State Legislative Assembly and is recognised as a prominent institution in the region. Rajasthan University is one of the largest university systems in the state with over 100,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. The Governor of Rajasthan serves as the university chancellor.
Farkas' lemma
In mathematics, Farkas' lemma is a solvability theorem for a finite system of linear inequalities. It was originally proven by the Hungarian mathematician Gyula Farkas.
Farkas' lemma is the key result underpinning the linear programming duality and has played a central role in the development of mathematical optimization (alternatively, mathematical programming). Remarkably, in the area of the foundations of quantum theory, the lemma also underlies the complete set of Bell inequalities in the form of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a local hidden-variable theory, given data from any specific set of measurements.

Generalizations of the Farkas' lemma are about the solvability theorem for convex inequalities, i.e., infinite system of linear inequalities. Farkas' lemma belongs to a class of statements called "theorems of the alternative": a theorem stating that exactly one of two systems has a solution.

Lemma (mathematics)
In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however, a lemma can also turn out to be more important than originally thought.
Kannagi (Shinto)
Kannagi (巫 or 神和ぎ or 神薙ぎ or 神凪) are shamans in Shinto. Unlike the similar term miko, the term is gender neutral. The term has a few different writing styles, one being 巫, which is a shared kanji character as used for the Chinese Wu shaman.

Chinese culture
Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中华文化; traditional Chinese: 中華文化; pinyin: Zhōnghuá wénhuà) is one of the world's earliest cultures, said to originate five thousand years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia called the Sinosphere as a whole and is extremely diverse, with customs and traditions varying greatly between regions. The terms 'China' and the geographical landmass of 'China' have shifted across the centuries, before the name 'China' became commonplace. Chinese civilization is historically considered a dominant culture of East Asia. Chinese culture exerted profound influence on the philosophy, customs, politics, and traditions of Asia. Chinese characters, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, arts, philosophy, etiquette, religion, politics, and history have had global influence, while its traditions and festivals are celebrated, instilled, and practiced by people around the world.
Lucina von der Heyde
Lucina Juliana von der Heyde  (born 24 January 1997) is an Argentine field hockey player who plays as midfielder for German club Mannheimer HC.

She was part of the Argentine team at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. At the 2018 Hockey Stars Awards, she was named the FIH Rising Star of the Year. In 2019 she took a break from the national team. In late 2022 she was called out for the national team once more and competed in the 2022-23 Pro League getting a silver medal, but then quit the team.

In 2026, three years after her last participation in Las Leonas, she received the call to join the German team since she became a legal German citizen.

2022–23 Women's FIH Pro League
The 2022–23 Women's FIH Pro League was the fourth edition of the Women's FIH Pro League, a field hockey championship for women's national teams. The tournament began in November 2022 and finished in July 2023.

The Netherlands won their third title.
Mrs Sidhu Investigates
Mrs Sidhu Investigates is a British mystery crime television series, which is produced by and broadcast on Acorn TV. The series was created by Suk Pannu, based on his BBC Radio 4 series, and stars Meera Syal in the title role (which she also originated on radio).  As of late 2024, the show hadn't been renewed for a second season.

Acorn TV
Acorn TV is a British–American subscription streaming service offering television programming from Australia, Canada, other Commonwealth countries, Spain, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. In other countries, it is available on a variety of devices including Amazon Fire TV, Apple TV, Android TV, Chromecast, and Roku. The service is owned by RLJ Entertainment, a joint venture between AMC Networks (which owns a controlling 83% stake) and the RLJ Companies (which owns the remaining 17%).
2022 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament
The 2022 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament will be held from May 25 through 28. The top six regular season finishers of the league's eleven teams will meet in the double-elimination tournament to be held at Clover Stadium in Pomona, New York. The tournament champion will earn the conference's automatic bid to the 2022 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Clover Stadium
Clover Stadium is a baseball park in Pomona, New York. It is the home of the New York Boulders of the Frontier League. It has a seating capacity of 6,362 and it opened on June 16, 2011. The stadium is also home to three college baseball teams. The NCAA Division II St. Thomas Aquinas College Spartans and Dominican Chargers baseball teams each began playing their home games at the venue in the spring of 2012. The Manhattan Jaspers baseball team, which plays in Division I, has used Clover Stadium as its home venue since 2022.

In 2012, the project to design and build the stadium received the Ward House Award from the Lower Hudson Valley Branch of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Originally named Provident Bank Park, naming rights were sold to Palisades Federal Credit Union in April 2016 and to Fiserv in January 2022 who renamed it Clover Stadium for the company's Clover point-of-sale-platform.
Wick Thomas
Wick Thomas is an American politician from Kansas City, Missouri. They were elected to represent District 19 in the Missouri House of Representatives on November 5, 2024, and assumed office on January 8, 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, they are the first openly transgender or non-binary state legislator in Missouri.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.