hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aluminized steel
Aluminized steel is steel that has been plated with aluminium or aluminium-silicon alloy, in a process analogous to hot-dip galvanizing. The steel workpiece is immersed in molten aluminum to produce a tight metallic bond between the steel and coating. The product has a unique combination of properties possessed by neither steel alone nor aluminium alone. Aluminized steel is more resistant to corrosion than bare steel while retaining properties of steel, at temperature lower than the melting point of aluminum, 660 °C (1,220 °F). Common applications include heat exchangers in residential furnaces, commercial rooftop HVAC units, automotive mufflers, ovens, kitchen ranges, water heaters, fireplaces, barbecue burners, and baking pans. Aluminized steel transfers heat more effectively than bare steel. It often serves where galvanized steel might have been used historically, without galvanized steel's drawbacks.

Characteristics vary depending on the aluminum alloy used.

Metallic bonding
Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively charged ions (cations). Metallic bonding accounts for many physical properties of metals, such as strength, ductility, thermal and electrical resistivity and conductivity, opacity, and lustre.

Metallic bonding is not the only type of chemical bonding a metal can exhibit, even as a pure substance. For example, elemental gallium consists of covalently-bound pairs of atoms in both liquid and solid-state—these pairs form a crystal structure with metallic bonding between them. Another example of a metal–metal covalent bond is the mercurous ion (Hg2+2).
Steven Hassan
Steven Alan Hassan (pronounced /hæsən/) is an American mental health professional and author who specializes in the area of cults. In his early career, in the late 1970s, he participated in deprogramming , but since then has advocated non-coercive exit counseling.

Hassan has written four books on the subject of mind control and is often described in the media as an expert on mind control and cults. Hassan's view of undue influence in such groups is echoed by some scholars with backgrounds in psychology and psychiatry. Some researchers in the sociology of religion are critical of his application of mind-control theory to what they characterise as new religious movements (NRM).

Hassan is a former member of the Unification Church. He founded Ex-Moon Inc. in 1979. In 1999, he founded the Freedom of Mind Resource Center.

Anti-cult movement
The anti-cult movement, abbreviated ACM and also known as the countercult movement, consists of various governmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals that seek to raise awareness of religious groups that they consider to be "cults", uncover coercive practices used to attract and retain members, and help those who have become involved with harmful cult practices.

One prominent group within the anti-cult movement, Christian counter-cult organizations, oppose new religious movements (NRMs) on theological grounds, categorizing them as cults, and distribute information to this effect through church networks and via printed literature.
Anacampsis argyrothamniella
Anacampsis argyrothamniella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by August Busck in 1900. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida and Georgia.

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are stone grey with scattered black atoms. There are three white dots on the disc, one at the middle of the wing below the fold and two above the fold farther outward. Just before the apex is an ill-defined, but quite distinct, outwardly angulated, white fascia.

The larvae feed on Argyrothamnia blodgettii, tying the leaves of their host plant.

August Busck
Augustus Busck (February 18, 1870 in Randers, Denmark – March 7, 1944) was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology, stationed in the U.S. National Museum. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
Ise-Shima
The Ise-Shima (伊勢志摩) region of Japan, also called the Shima Peninsula (志摩半島, Shima-hantō), refers to the areas of eastern Mie Prefecture in or around Ise-Shima National Park, which include the cities Ise, Toba, Shima, and parts of the town of Minami-Ise.  The area thrives on tourism, with many resort hotels and beaches in the area. Ise-Shima is also famed for fresh seafood, particular oysters.

The peninsula extends out into the Pacific Ocean, and unlike the factory-dotted coast of Ise Bay, the main industry is seafood and marine products, particularly pearl cultivation.

Minamiise, Mie
Minamiise (南伊勢町, Minamiise-chō) is a town located in Watarai District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 August 2021, the town had an estimated population of 11,745 in 5752 households and a population density of 48 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 241.89 square kilometres (93.39 sq mi).
LA7
LA-7 or LA 7 can refer to:

L.A. 7, Television series starring pop group S Club 7

WWII Soviet aircraft La-7

La7, Italian Television channel

La 7 (Castile and León), Spanish television channel in Castile and León

La 7 (Region of Murcia), Spanish television channel in Region of Murcia

LaSiete, former Spanish Television channel

Louisiana's 7th congressional district

Louisiana Highway 7

L.A. 7
L.A. 7 (known as S Club 7 in L.A. in the United States) is the second series in the BBC television series starring British pop group S Club 7. The programme was shown every week on CBBC, from 6 April 2000 to 6 July 2000 and stars all seven members of the band as fictionalized versions of themselves. The series featured the star from The Exorcist, Linda Blair as Joni, their landlord.

Like Miami 7, the show was renamed S Club 7 in L.A., and was shown on Fox Family in the United States, between 3 June 2000 and 30 September 2000. United Kingdom reruns of the show would occasionally aired, along with Miami 7, on now defunct cable channel Play UK.
Dendropsophus koechlini
Dendropsophus koechlini is a species of frog in the family Hylidae, known commonly as Koechlin's treefrog.
It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, and possibly Colombia.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and intermittent freshwater marshes.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
CIX
CIX can refer to:

CIX (website), an online conferencing system that started as an early British dial-up bulletin board

FAP Captain José Abelardo Quiñones González International Airport, the airport of Chiclayo, in north of Peru

Commercial Internet eXchange, a forerunner of the commercial Internet in the US

109 (disambiguation) in Roman numerals

CIX (band), a South Korean boy group

Croatian Internet eXchange, Internet exchange point in Croatia

Commercial Internet eXchange
The Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) was an early interexchange point that allowed the free exchange of TCP/IP traffic, including commercial traffic, between Internet service providers (ISPs). It was an important initial effort toward creating the commercial Internet that we know today.
Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson
The Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson is the spokesperson for the United Kingdom  Liberal Democrats on matters relating to the work of the Chancellor of the Exchequer and HM Treasury. The office holder is a member of the Liberal Democrat frontbench team. The post exists when the Liberal Democrats are in opposition, but not when they are in government, for example during the Cameron–Clegg coalition.

The position is also sometimes called the Liberal Democrat shadow chancellor.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Fukuyama indole synthesis
The Fukuyama indole synthesis is a versatile tin mediated chemical reaction that results in the formation of 2,3-disubstituted indoles.  A practical one-pot reaction that can be useful for the creation of disubstituted indoles.   Most commonly tributyltin hydride is utilized as the reducing agent, with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator.  Triethylborane can also be used as a radical initiator.  The reaction can begin with either an ortho-isocyanostyrene or a 2-alkenylthioanilide derivative, both forming the indole through Radical cyclization via an α-stannoimidoyl radical. The R group can be a range of both basic and acidic sensitive functional groups such as esters, THP ethers, and β-lactams.  In addition the reaction is not stereospecific, in that both the cis and trans isoform can be used to obtain the desired product.

Azobisisobutyronitrile
Azobisisobutyronitrile (abbreviated AIBN) is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)2C(CN)]2N2. This white powder is soluble in alcohols and common organic solvents but is insoluble in water. It is often used as a foamer in plastics and rubber and as a radical initiator.

As an azo initiator, radicals resulting from AIBN have multiple benefits over common organic peroxides. For example, they do not have oxygenated byproducts or much yellow discoloration. Additionally, they do not cause too much grafting and therefore are often used when making adhesives, acrylic fibers, detergents, etc.
Missouri University of Science and Technology Nuclear Reactor
The Missouri University of Science and Technology Nuclear Reactor (MSTR or Missouri S&TR) is a swimming pool type nuclear reactor operated by the Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T). It first achieved criticality in 1961, making it the first operational nuclear reactor in the state of Missouri. Missouri S&T operates this reactor for training, education, and research purposes.

According to the 2020–2021 Annual Progress Report submitted to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, MSTR was in use for 1,122.4 hours, including 228.4 hours while operating, and produced 13,563.19 kilowatt-hours of thermal energy.

Swimming pool reactor
A swimming pool reactor, also called an open pool reactor, is a type of nuclear reactor that has a core (consisting of the fuel elements and the control rods) immersed in an open pool usually of water.

The water acts as neutron moderator, cooling agent and radiation shield. The layer of water directly above the reactor core shields the radiation so completely that operators may work above the reactor safely. This design has two major advantages: the reactor is easily accessible and the entire primary cooling system, i.e. the pool water, is under normal pressure. This avoids the high temperatures and pressures of conventional nuclear power plants. Pool reactors are used as a source of neutrons and for training, and in rare instances, for processing heat, but not for power generation.
Kokory
Kokory is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.

Kokory lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Přerov, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Olomouc, and 223 km (139 mi) east of Prague.

Přerov
Přerov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpr̝̊ɛrof] ⓘ; German: Prerau) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 41,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Bečva River. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the Czech Republic. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Sen (surname)
Sen (Bengali: সেন) is a native Bengali Hindu surname .The meaning of the Sanskrit word सेन is  "being a lord, master or leader" .

The surname is commonly found in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent; namely Bangladesh & West Bengal, India mainly among Bengali Baidya and Kayastha communities. The Sena kings of Bengal claimed themselves as Brahmakshatriya or Kshatriya in their own inscriptions. The surname is also found among some other castes of Bengal like Suvarna Banik, Gandhabanik and Teli.

Suvarna Banik
Suvarna Banik or Subarnabanik (Bengali: সুবর্ণ বণিক), also called Bene, is a Bengali mercantile caste dealing in gold and silver.  During the late 18th century, merchants of the caste became prominent in trade. In spite of their inferior ritual rank, they were the most well known trading caste in Bengal region as per the 1951 Census of India.
Shearer's inequality
Shearer's inequality or also Shearer's lemma, in mathematics, is an inequality in information theory relating the entropy of a set of variables to the entropies of a collection of subsets. It is named for mathematician James B. Shearer.

Concretely, it states that if X1, ..., Xd are random variables and S1, ..., Sn are subsets of {1, 2, ..., d} such that every integer between 1 and d lies in at least r of these subsets, then

where  is entropy and  is the Cartesian product of random variables  with indices j in .

The inequality generalizes the subadditivity property of entropy, which can be recovered by taking  for .

Cartesian product
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is an element of A and b is an element of B. In terms of set-builder notation, that is

A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns. If the Cartesian product rows × columns is taken, the cells of the table contain ordered pairs of the form (row value, column value).

One can similarly define the Cartesian product of n sets, also known as an n-fold Cartesian product, which can be represented by an n-dimensional array, where each element is an n-tuple. An ordered pair is a 2-tuple or couple. More generally still, one can define the Cartesian product of an indexed family of sets.

The Cartesian product is named after René Descartes, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to the concept, which is further generalized in terms of direct product.
Akbar Muradov
Akbar Muradov is an Azerbaijani paralympic sport shooter, bronze medalist of 2007 European Championships in Suhl and 2010 World Cup in Antalya and in Volmerange-les-Mines. Akbar Muradov is the 5th in World  Ranking List in Men's 10m Air Pistol. He presented Azerbaijan on 2012 Summer Paralympics. Muradov acquired his disability during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Volmerange-les-Mines
Volmerange-les-Mines (French pronunciation: [vɔlməʁɑ̃ʒ le min]; German: Wollmeringen [ˈvɔlməʁɪŋən]; Luxembourgish: Wuelmereng [ˈvu̯əlməʀeŋ]; Lorraine Franconian: Wuelmeréngen/Wollmeréng) is a commune in the region of Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

It lies on the international border with Luxembourg, with the settlement being almost contiguous with the Luxembourgish town of Dudelange. The Volmerange-les-Mines railway station offers connections to Bettembourg in Luxembourg.
Iowa State Fair Straw Poll
The Iowa State Fair Straw Poll is an informal poll for presidential and Iowa congressional candidates. The poll has been conducted by the Iowa Secretary of State with results posted to their website. It was begun in 2015 after the Republican Party of Iowa announced it would no longer hold its official Iowa Straw Poll given that a majority of presidential candidates declined to participate.

Republican Party of Iowa
The Republican Party of Iowa (RPI) is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in Iowa. The State Central Committee is chaired by Jeff Kaufmann. The RPI operates the Republican side of the Iowa caucuses and previously sponsored the Iowa Straw Poll.

The RPI has rapidly gained ground in Iowa in recent years. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling all but one statewide executive office, both of the state's U.S. Senate seats, all four of its U.S. House seats, and supermajorities in both chambers of the state legislature. Its main rival is the Iowa Democratic Party.
Mann Made
Mann Made is the second British and fourth American studio album by Manfred Mann, released in October 1965 on His Master's Voice in the United Kingdom, and November 1965 on Ascot Records in the United States. It was the group's final recording project with original members Mike Vickers and Paul Jones, as well as their last to be recorded at Abbey Road Studios, London, England, before switching to Fontana Records.

The album was reduced to twelve songs by Capitol Records in the Canadian market, where "You're for Me", "I Really Do Believe", and "Hi Lili, Hi Lo" were excluded, and replaced by "She Needs Company" along with the hit single "Pretty Flamingo" for the June 1966 release.

United Artists Records
United Artists Records was an American record label founded by Max E. Youngstein of United Artists in 1957 to issue movie soundtracks. The label expanded into other genres, such as easy listening, jazz, pop, and R&B.
Prairie Chapel Ranch
Prairie Chapel Ranch, nicknamed Bush Ranch, is a 1,583-acre (6.41 km2) ranch in unincorporated McLennan County, Texas, located 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Crawford (about 25 miles (40 km) from Waco). The property was acquired by George W. Bush in 1999 and was known as the Western White House during his presidency. Bush spent vacation time at the house, where he also entertained visiting dignitaries from around the world. The ranch received its name from the Prairie Chapel School which was built nearby on land donated by mid-19th century German immigrant Heinrich Engelbrecht from Oppenwehe, Germany, who owned the land that now comprises the Bush ranch. Engelbrecht also donated land for the nearby Canaan Baptist Church (the "Prairie Chapel").

Stemwede
Stemwede (German pronunciation: [ʃtɛmˈveːdə] ⓘ; Low German: Stemwäide) is a municipality in the Minden-Lübbecke district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Following a recent regional reorganization, in 1973, the former
districts of Dielingen-Wehdem and Levern were consolidated and the district of "Stemwede" created. The new name was chosen because for a thousand years the area along the Stemweder Berg (mountain) was popularly referred to as Stemwede.
Rod's Pot
Rod's Pot is a limestone cave above Burrington Combe in the Mendip Hills, in Somerset, England.

The cave was first excavated in 1944 by the University of Bristol Spelæological Society. It is one of a line of swallets marking the junction of the Limestone shales with the Carboniferous Limestones where water running off the Old Red Sandstone of Blackdown finds its way underground.   
Further excavation has now linked Rod's Pot to nearby Bath Swallet.

The cave was originally known as Pearce's Pot after Rodney Pearce.

University of Bristol Spelæological Society
The University of Bristol Spelæological Society (UBSS) was founded in 1919 by cavers in the University of Bristol.  Among its earliest activities was the archaeological excavation of Aveline's Hole.

The club owns a hut, which was formerly a ladies' cricket pavilion. It was bought in 1919 for £5 and moved from its original plot to Burrington Combe, where it still stands.
MS Ham. 78.A.5
MS Ham. 78.A.5 (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kupferstich-Kabinett, also known as the Hamilton Psalter) dates to late twelfth-century Italy (ca. 1175). The manuscript features nearly two hundred figurative illuminations that accompany the Gallican psalms, canticles, commentaries, a litany, and prayers. The illuminations are rendered primarily in vibrant red, green, yellow, and blue with black detailing. The manuscript is a unique survival with an unknown provenance before the early nineteenth century, during which it entered the collection of Alexander Hamilton (1767–1852, the tenth Duke of Hamilton). The Berlin Kupferstichkabinett acquired the Psalter from Hamilton's collection in 1882.

Vallombrosians
The Vallombrosians (alternately spelled Vallombrosans, Vallumbrosians or Vallumbrosans) are a monastic religious order in the Catholic Church. They are named after the location of their motherhouse founded in Vallombrosa (Latin: Vallis umbrosa, lit. 'shady valley'), situated 30 km from Florence on the northwest slope of Monte Secchieta in the Pratomagno chain. They use the postnominal abbreviation OSBVall to distinguish themselves from other Benedictines, who generally use the abbreviation OSB.
Erysiphe cruciferarum
Erysiphe cruciferarum is a plant pathogen of the family Erysiphaceae, which causes the main powdery mildew of crucifers, including on Brassica crops, such as cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts. E. cruciferarum is distributed worldwide, and is of particular concentration in continental Europe and the Indian subcontinent. E. cruciferarum is an ascomycete fungus that has both sexual and asexual stages. It is also an obligate parasite that appears to have host specificity; for example, isolates from turnip will not infect Brussels sprout, and vice versa. While being a part of the family Erysiphaceae, it belongs to those members in which the conidia are formed singly and whose haustoria are multilobed.

This species is also being evaluated as a potential biological control for the invasive plant garlic mustard.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Glenn Gibson
Glenn R. Gibson is professor of food microbiology at the University of Reading. He co-coined the term prebiotics in a 1995 scientific paper. He received his PhD in 1986 from the University of Dundee for a thesis on the subject of "The ecology and physiology of sulphate-reducing bacteria in anaerobic marine and estuarine sediments".

Prebiotic (nutrition)
Prebiotics are compounds in food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The most common environment concerning their effects on human health is the gastrointestinal tract, where prebiotics can alter the composition of organisms in the gut microbiome.

Dietary prebiotics are typically nondigestible fiber compounds that pass undigested through the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and help growth or activity of advantageous bacteria in the colon by acting as substrates for them. They were first identified and named by Marcel Roberfroid in 1995. Depending on the jurisdiction, they may have regulatory scrutiny as food additives for the health claims made for marketing purposes. Common prebiotics used in food manufacturing include beta-glucan from oats, resistant starch from grains and beans, and inulin from chicory root.
Jånni Balle
"Jånni Balle" is a song written by Magnus Uggla and Anders Henriksson and recorded by Uggla for his 1993 studio album Alla får påsar. The single peaked at number 25 on the Swedish Singles Chart and became the 59th most successful Trackslistan song of 1993.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.