hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clear Grits
Clear Grits were reformers in the Canada West district of the Province of Canada, a British colony that is now the Province of Ontario, Canada. Their name is said to have been given by George Brown, who said that only those were wanted in the party who were "all sand and no dirt, clear grit all the way through".

Their support was concentrated among southwestern Canada West farmers, who were frustrated and disillusioned by the 1849 Reform government of Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine's lack of democratic enthusiasm.  The Clear Grits advocated universal male suffrage, representation by population, democratic institutions, reductions in government expenditure, abolition of the Clergy Reserves, voluntarism, and free trade with the United States.  Clear Grits from Upper Canada shared many ideas with Thomas Jefferson.

Voluntaryism
Voluntaryism (UK: /ˈvɒləntəriɪzəm/, US: /-tɛr-/; sometimes voluntarism /ˈvɒləntərɪzəm/) is used to describe the philosophy of Auberon Herbert, and later that of the authors and supporters of The Voluntaryist magazine, which supports a voluntary-funded state (i.e. "the Voluntary State"), meaning a lack of coercion and force in matters such as taxation.

This is conventionally completed through a strict adherence to pacifism, civil rights, and either arbitration or some other mutually-agreed-upon court system between individuals.

As a term, voluntaryism was coined in this usage by Auberon Herbert in the 19th century and gained renewed use since the late 20th century, especially within libertarianism in the United States. Voluntaryist principal beliefs stem from the idea of natural rights, equality, non-coercion, and non-aggression. Despite his association with 20th century anarcho-capitalism, Herbert rejected the idea of anarchy, hence its support for the state to enforce the law.
Engraulicypris howesi
Engraulicypris howesi is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae, the danionins or danios. It inhabits the Kunene River in Angola and Namibia and has a maximum length of 4.3 cm (1.7 inches).

Cunene River
The Cunene (Portuguese spelling) or Kunene (common Namibian spelling) is a river in Southern Africa. It flows from the Angola highlands southwards to the border with Namibia. It then flows in a westerly direction along the border until it reaches the Atlantic Ocean.
Helen Gipson
Helen Gipson (born 27 September 1961) is a Scottish Scrabble player. On 4 December 2005, her ABSP rating peaked at third in Britain, making her the highest rated woman, and she is consistently rated as the top female player in the world. In January 2009, she won the UK Open beating a strong field including the world champion Nigel Richards.

A software engineer by trade, Gipson represented England in the World Scrabble Championship 1999 (where she finished 49th), 2003 (11th), 2005 (29th and again the top-rated woman), 2007 (15th), 2009 (10th) and 2011 (18th).

Her titles also include British Matchplay Scrabble Championship in 1998.

In 2012, Gipson was the first British player to win the Brands King's Cup in Bangkok, Thailand.

World Scrabble Championship 2007
The World Scrabble Championship 2007 was held in the Taj President Hotel, Mumbai, India between 9 November and 12 November. The winner was Nigel Richards of New Zealand.

The tournament began with a 24-round Swiss tournament, whose top two players contested a best-of-five final.
David Madlener
David Madlener (born March 31, 1992) is an Austrian professional ice hockey Goaltender who currently plays for Pioneers Vorarlberg in the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL). He formerly played with fellow Austrian clubs, Dornbirn Bulldogs and EC KAC. He served as the extra backup to the Austrian national team at the 2015 IIHF World Championship. On April 22, 2016, Madlener left Dornbirn and signed a one-year deal with EC KAC.

EC KAC
Klagenfurt Athletic Sports Club or EC KAC (German: Klagenfurter Athletiksport Club) is an Austrian professional ice hockey team in the ICE Hockey League. The team plays their home games in Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria at Stadthalle. EC KAC has won the most Austrian ice hockey Championships, a total of 32 times including 11 consecutive titles from 1964 to 1974, and four consecutive from 1985 to 1988. Most recently they won it in 2021.
Kadom
Kadom (Moksha: Кадом, Kadom, Russian: Ка́дом) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kadomsky District of Ryazan Oblast, Russia, located on the Moksha River 245 kilometers (152 mi) from Ryazan. Population:  5,478 (2010 Census); 6,181 (2002 Census); 7,250 (1989 Soviet census).

Ryazan Oblast
Ryazan Oblast (Russian: Рязанская область, romanized: Ryazanskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city.
Sidingba Rural Municipality
Sidingwa is a Gaupalika (Nepali: गाउपालिका, romanized: gaupalika, formerly: village development committee) located in Taplejung District in the Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The local body was formed by merging seven VDCs namely limbudin, Kalikhola,Sadewa, Ankhop, Sablakhu, Mehele, Surumkhim. Currently, it has a total of 7 wards. The population of the rural municipality is 12,099 according to the data collected on 2017 Nepalese local elections.

2017 Nepalese local elections
The 2017 Nepalese local elections were held in Nepal in three phases on 14 May, 28 June and 18 September in 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities and 460 rural municipalities. It was the first local level election to be held since the promulgation of the 2015 constitution.
Drew Kittleson
Drew Kittleson (born April 2, 1989) is an American former professional golfer from Scottsdale, Arizona.

Kittleson played college golf at Florida State University from 2007 to 2011. As a member of the Seminoles lineup, he helped the team win its first Atlantic Coast Conference golf championship in 2008.

Kittleson advanced to the finals of the 2008 U.S. Amateur at Pinehurst before falling to Danny Lee, 5 and 4. With the second-place finish, he qualified to play in the 2009 Masters Tournament at Augusta National and the 2009 U.S. Open at Bethpage Black Course.

Kittleson turned professional after graduating from FSU in 2011. He regained his amateur status in 2016.

U.S. Amateur
The United States Amateur Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Amateur, is the leading annual golf tournament in the United States for amateur golfers. It is organized by the United States Golf Association and is currently held each August over a 7-day period.
CHSY1
Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHSY1 gene.

CHSY1 synthesizes chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan expressed on the surface of most cells and in extracellular matrices. Glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently linked to a wide range of core protein families and regulate many biologic processes, including cell proliferation and recognition, extracellular matrix deposition, and morphogenesis.

Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long, linear polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units (i.e., two-sugar units). The repeating two-sugar unit consists of a uronic sugar and an amino sugar, except in the case of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan keratan, where, in place of the uronic sugar there is a galactose unit. GAGs are found in vertebrates, invertebrates and bacteria.
Because GAGs are highly polar molecules and attract water; the body uses them as lubricants or shock absorbers.

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders in which abnormal accumulations of glycosaminoglycans occur due to enzyme deficiencies.
Confessions of a Go-Go Girl
Confessions of a Go-Go Girl is a 2008 Lifetime made-for-television film starring Chelsea Hobbs, directed by Grant Harvey, based on a play by Jill Morley and written an co-executive produced by Lenore Kletter.

The film aired on Lifetime on August 16, 2008.

Grant Harvey
Grant Harvey (born June 30, 1984) is an American actor who is known for starring in films and television series such as Animal Kingdom, The Crossing, The Secret Life of the American Teenager, Thumper and Billy Boy.
W. Kip Viscusi
William (W. Kip) Viscusi (born October 3, 1949) is an American economist whose primary fields of research are the economics of risk and uncertainty, risk and environmental regulation, law and economics, and behavioral economics. Viscusi is the University Distinguished Professor of Law, Economics, and Management at Vanderbilt University Law School where he and his wife, Joni Hersch, are the founders and co-directors of the Ph.D. Program in Law and Economics. Prior to his appointment at Vanderbilt, Viscusi was the first John F. Cogan Jr. Professor of Law and Economics at Harvard Law School and Director of the Harvard Program on Empirical Legal Studies. Viscusi is the author of Pricing Lives: Guideposts for a Safer Society.

Law and economics
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase. The field uses economics concepts to explain the effects of laws, assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and predict which legal rules will be promulgated. There are two major branches of law and economics. One is based on the application of the methods and theories of neoclassical economics to the positive and normative analysis of the law. The second branch focuses on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance.
Laurie-Ann Moïse
Laurie-Ann Moïse (Haitian Creole: [lɔ.ʁi an mɔ.iz]; born 4 January 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for 1. liga - ženi club ŽFK Ljuboten. Born in Canada, she plays for the Haiti national team. At club level, she previously played for Ligue1 Québec clubs Lakers du Lac St-Louis, CS Monteuil and FC Laval, and for A-League Women club Sydney FC. A left-footed player, she is known for her technical ability and physicality, and is regarded as one of Haiti's best young talents.

AS Laval
Alliance Soccer Laval (formerly CS Monteuil) is a Canadian semi-professional soccer club based in Laval, Quebec that plays in Ligue1 Québec. In 2021, CS Monteuil merged with youth club CS Étoiles de l’Est to form AS Laval.
Yuzhoupliosaurus
Yuzhoupliosaurus is an extinct genus of plesiosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. The genus is known only from a lower jaw, eighteen vertebrae, fragments of a pectoral girdle and parts of the right hindlimb. It is believed this genus lived in fresh water.

Jaw
The jaws are a pair of opposable articulated structures at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food. The term jaws is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serving to open and close it and is part of the body plan of humans and most animals.
Mostafa Fathi
Mostafa Mohamed Fathi Abdel Hamid Mohamed (Arabic: مُصْطَفَى مُحَمَّد فَتْحِيّ عَبْد الْحَمِيد مُحَمَّد; born 12 May 1994) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Egyptian Premier League club Pyramids and the Egypt national team.

CAF Super Cup
The CAF Super Cup, known as TotalEnergies CAF Super Cup for sponsorship reasons, is an annual African association football competition contested between the winners of the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup. The competition was first held in 1993 and is organized by the CAF.

Egyptian clubs have the highest number of victories (14 titles), Moroccan clubs have the largest number of winning teams, with four clubs from each having won the title. The competition has been won by 18 clubs, 6 of which have won it more than once.

Pyramids FC are the current defending champions, having beaten RS Berkane 1-0 in the 2025 CAF Super Cup. Al Ahly is the most successful club in the competition's history, having won the tournament a record 8 times.
Satellite geolocation
Satellite geolocation is the process of locating the origin of a signal appearing on a satellite communication channel. Typically, this process is used to mitigate interference on communication satellites. Usually, these interference signals are caused by human error or equipment failure, but can also be caused by deliberate jamming.  Identifying the geographical location of an interfering signal informs the mitigation activity.

Time of arrival
Time of arrival (TOA or ToA) is the absolute time instant when a radio signal emanating from a transmitter reaches a remote receiver.
The time span elapsed since the time of transmission (TOT or ToT) is the time of flight (TOF or ToF).
Time difference of arrival (TDOA) is the difference between TOAs.
Free Voters
Free Voters (German: Freie Wähler, FW) is a political party in Germany. It originates as an umbrella organisation of several Free Voters Associations (Freie Wählergemeinschaften), associations of people which participate in an election without having the status of a registered party. These associations are usually locally-organised groups of voters in the form of a registered association (eV). In most cases, Free Voters campaign only at local government level, standing for city councils and for mayoralties. Free Voters tend to achieve their most successful electoral results in rural areas of southern Germany, appealing most to conservative voters who prefer local decisions to party politics. Free Voter groups are active in all of the states of Germany, except for Brandenburg, where the Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters is an equivalent party distinct from the Free Voters in cooperation with the Free Voters.

Registered association (Germany)
An eingetragener Verein (German: [ˈaɪnɡəˌtʁaːɡənɐ fɛɐˈʔaɪn]; lit. 'registrated association'), abbreviated e.V. (German: [ˌeːˈfaʊ] ⓘ), is a legal status for a registered voluntary association in Germany. While any group may be called a Verein, registration as eingetragener Verein confers many legal benefits, because it confers the status of a juridical person rather than just a group of individuals. The legal status must be mentioned in the name as well. Like certain other corporate bodies, an eingetragener Verein can apply for the status of a charitable organization (Gemeinnützigkeit).
Soulos
Soulos (Greek: Σούλος) is a village in the municipality of Megalopoli, Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on a hillside, 1 km north of Plaka, 2 km southeast of Katsimpalis, 2 km west of Nea Ekklisoula and 5 km northwest of Megalopoli.  The Greek National Road 76 (Megalopoli - Andritsaina - Krestena) passes east of the village.

National roads in Greece
A national road (Greek: Εθνική Οδός) is a class of all-purpose trunk roads in Greece. They are less important than a motorway but more important than a provincial road. The layout of the national road network varies a lot, ranging from fast multi-lane dual carriageways to twisting two-lane single carriageways.

The current system of national roads in Greece was created in July 1963, and have been updated many times since then. Most national roads have route numbers that begin with "EO", non-continuously from EO1 to EO99, but some (such as Thessaloniki Inner Ring Road) have no number.
Family Honeymoon
Family Honeymoon is a 1949 American domestic comedy film made by Universal International, directed by Claude Binyon, and written by Dane Lussier, based on the novel by Homer Croy. It was shot in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.

Grand Canyon National Park
Grand Canyon National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than 4.9 million recreational visitors in 2024. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The park celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 26, 2019.
Sarawak Report
Sarawak Report is an investigative journalism website focused on environmental and corruption issues in Malaysia. It has been largely self-published and operated from London since 2010 by Clare Rewcastle Brown. The blog had originally focused on the welfare of the indigenous people in Sarawak but eventually published original exposés on corruption scandals in wider Malaysia. In 2017, it gained wide recognition for its original and early exposure of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, which had led the Najib Razak-led Malaysian government to block the website. The blog was openly critical of the Barisan Nasional-led state and federal governments of Sarawak and Malaysia, and supportive of the Pakatan Harapan opposition.

Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (Malay: Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia; Jawi: سوروهنجاي ڤنچڬاهن رسواه مليسيا‎), abbreviated MACC or SPRM (formerly known as Anti-Corruption Agency, ACA or Badan Pencegah Rasuah, BPR), is a government agency in Malaysia that investigates and prosecutes corruption in the public and private sectors.
Spotted Demon (bull)
Spotted Demon #35 (born April 7, 2008) is an American retired bucking bull. In his career, he competed in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuits. He was the 2018 PRCA Bull of the Year,  as well as the 2018 Bull of the National Finals Rodeo (NFR).

In 2023, Spotted Demon was ranked No. 24 on the list of the top 30 bulls in PBR history.

T-Mobile Arena
T-Mobile Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Paradise, Nevada, United States. Opened on April 6, 2016, it is the home arena of the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). A joint venture between MGM Resorts International and Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), T-Mobile Arena is situated on the Las Vegas Strip behind the New York-New York and Park MGM casino hotels. It has been nicknamed "The Fortress."

T-Mobile Arena has hosted various sports and entertainment events, with the latter including concerts, award shows, and beauty pageants. The arena has also hosted various combat sport events, including mixed martial arts (MMA), boxing, and professional wrestling. MMA promoter Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) signed a long-term tenancy agreement with T-Mobile Arena in 2017, under which it agreed to host four events per-year over the next seven years.
Hellmann–Feynman theorem
In quantum mechanics, the Hellmann–Feynman theorem relates the derivative of the total energy with respect to a parameter to the expectation value of the derivative of the Hamiltonian with respect to that same parameter. According to the theorem, once the spatial distribution of the electrons has been determined by solving the Schrödinger equation, all the forces in the system can be calculated using classical electrostatics.

The theorem has been proven independently by many authors, including Paul Güttinger (1932), Wolfgang Pauli (1933), Hans Hellmann (1937) and Richard Feynman (1939).

The theorem states

where

is a Hermitian operator depending upon a continuous parameter

, is an eigenstate (eigenfunction) of the Hamiltonian, depending implicitly upon

is the energy (eigenvalue) of the state , i.e.

Note that for systems with degenerate states, a refined version of the Hellmann–Feynman theorem is needed.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
Thomas MacQueen (politician)
Thomas MacQueen (1910 – April 9, 2003) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Pictou East in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1967 to 1970. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Born in 1910 at Kings Head, Nova Scotia, MacQueen was a farmer and fisherman. He entered provincial politics in the 1967 election, defeating Liberal incumbent A. Lloyd MacDonald by 128 votes in the Pictou East riding. MacQueen was defeated by MacDonald when he ran for re-election in 1970, losing the seat by 19 votes. In 1972, MacQueen was appointed manager of the Pictou County Home for Disabled. He died in New Glasgow on April 9, 2003.

1970 Nova Scotia general election
The 1970 Nova Scotia general election was held on 13 October 1970 to elect members of the 50th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. The Liberal Party of Gerald Regan won the most seats but were one seat short of a majority. It is the only election in Nova Scotia's history in which the party who won the popular vote did not win the most seats.
Adam Yauch
Adam Nathaniel Yauch (/jaʊk/ YOWK; August 5, 1964 – May 4, 2012), also known by the stage name MCA, was an American rapper, bassist, filmmaker, and a founding member of the hip hop group Beastie Boys. Besides his musical work, he also directed many of the band's music videos and did much of their promotional photography, often using the pseudonym Nathanial Hörnblowér for such work.

Yauch founded Oscilloscope Laboratories, an independent film production and distribution company based in New York City. As a Buddhist, he was involved in the Tibetan independence movement and organized the Tibetan Freedom Concert. He died in 2012 from parotid cancer, after which Beastie Boys disbanded.

Bard College
Bard College is a private liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, United States. The campus overlooks the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains within the Hudson River Historic District and is a National Historic Landmark.

Founded in 1860, the institution consists of a liberal arts college and a conservatory. The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs. It participates in a network of many affiliated programs internationally.