hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermophoresis
Thermophoresis (also thermomigration, thermodiffusion, the Soret effect, or the Ludwig–Soret effect) is a phenomenon observed in mixtures of mobile particles where the different particle types exhibit different responses to the force of a temperature gradient. This phenomenon tends to move light molecules to hot regions and heavy molecules to cold regions. The term thermophoresis most often applies to aerosol mixtures whose mean free path  is comparable to its characteristic length scale , but may also commonly refer to the phenomenon in all phases of matter.  The term Soret effect normally applies to liquid mixtures, which behave according to different, less well-understood mechanisms than gaseous mixtures. Thermophoresis may not apply to thermomigration in solids, especially multi-phase alloys.

Phase (matter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is a different material, in its own separate phase. (See state of matter § Glass.)

More precisely, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.: 86 : 3  Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition.

The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (as where oil and water separate into distinct phases, both in the liquid state).
Peggy R. Williams
Peggy Ryan Williams was the president of Ithaca College from 1997 until 2008. Williams assumed the presidency of Ithaca College on July 1, 1997. She is the College's seventh president and its first female president. Williams came to Ithaca from Lyndon State College, where she had been president since 1989. A native of Montreal, Williams has lived in the United States since 1968 and is a citizen of both the United States and Canada.

Dr. Williams received her B.A. degree in psychology from the St. Michael's College, University of Toronto and her M.Ed. degree from the University of Vermont.  She earned her Ed.D. degree at Harvard University.

Lyndon State College
Lyndon State College was a public liberal arts college in Lyndon, Vermont. In 2018, it merged with Johnson State College to create Northern Vermont University; the former campus of Lyndon State College is now the university's Lyndon campus. In July 2023, Castleton University, Northern Vermont University-Johnson, Northern Vermont University-Lyndon, and Vermont Technical College merged to become Vermont State University. It is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.
Riverview (Gatineau)
Riverview is an historic manor at 432, boulevard Alexandre-Taché in the Hull sector of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It was originally built by the lumber baron David Moore in 1865. The sprawling Jacobean structure is a noted landmark. The house later became home to Edward S. Skead and his family, who were also in the lumber business.

The city slowly encroached on the manor and it lost its exclusive status. After the First World War, it was sold and became a popular nightclub known as the Homestead Inn. In 1939, it changed roles again becoming the Ville-Joie-Ste-Thérèse orphanage. As orphanages were phased out in the 1960s, the facility became a nursery, but this closed in 1972. Today the building is the home of the Gatineau campus of the Conservatoire de musique et d'art dramatique du Québec.

Hull, Quebec
Hull is the central business district and oldest neighbourhood of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the west bank of the Gatineau River and the north shore of the Ottawa River, directly opposite Ottawa. As part of Canada's National Capital Region, it contains offices for more than 20,000 civil servants. It was named after Kingston upon Hull in England.
15th Youth in Film Awards
The 15th Youth in Film Awards ceremony (now known as the Young Artist Awards), presented by the Youth in Film Association, honored outstanding youth performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television and theatre for the 1992-1993 season, and took place on February 5, 1994, at the Sportsmen's Lodge in Studio City, California.

Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member, Maureen Dragone, the Youth in Film Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television, theater and music.

Maureen Dragone
Maureen Dragone (January 20, 1920 – February 8, 2013) was an American journalist and author.  She was one of the longest-standing members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association which presents the annual Golden Globe Awards.  In 1978 she founded the Young Artist Association, which presents the annual Young Artist Awards.
Piper PA-40 Arapaho
The Piper PA-40 Arapaho was an American twin-engined cabin monoplane designed by Piper as a replacement for the PA-39 Twin Comanche C/R.

Like most Piper products at this time, the PA-40 was named after a Native American tribe, in this case the Arapaho.

Arapaho
The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/ ə-RAP-ə-hoh; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes, namely the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized as the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes.
2021 Generali Open Kitzbühel
The 2021 Generali Open Kitzbühel is a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is the 77th edition of the Austrian Open Kitzbühel, and part of the World Tour 250 series of the 2021 ATP Tour. It will take place at the Tennis stadium Kitzbühel in Kitzbühel, Austria, from 24 through 31 July 2021.

Mario Vilella Martínez
Mario Vilella Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾjo βiˈleʎa maɾˈtineθ]; born 3 July 1995) is a Spanish former tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 158 achieved on 19 July 2021. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 286 achieved on 23 November 2020.
WWU
The term WWU has the following meanings:

University of Münster (Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster), in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Walla Walla University, in Washington, U.S.

Warehouse Workers United

Western Washington University, a university located in Bellingham, Washington, U.S.

William Woods University, in Fulton, Missouri, U.S.

Working Women United, a women's rights organisation

Western Washington University
Western Washington University (WWU or Western) is a public university in Bellingham, Washington, United States. The northernmost university in the contiguous United States, WWU was founded in 1893 as the state-funded New Whatcom Normal School, succeeding a private school of teaching for women founded in 1886. The university adopted its present name in 1977.

WWU offers bachelor's and master's degrees and a few doctorates. In 2022, there were 14,747 students, 13,801 of whom were undergraduate students, and 664 full-time faculty. Its athletic teams are known as the Vikings, and compete in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

The main campus is on 215 acres in Bellingham. WWU also operates a marine center in Anacortes and academic locations in Everett and the Olympic and Kitsap Peninsulas. WWU is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.
Farm to Market Road 1160
Farm to Market Road 1160 (FM 1160) is a farm-to-market road in Wharton County in the U.S. state of Texas. The highway starts at State Highway Loop 523 (Loop 523) in Louise, intersects with Future Interstate 69/U.S. Route 59 outside Louise and continues in a northerly direction for most of its length. Before its end at State Highway 71 (SH 71) near New Taiton, the highway turns directly to the east.

Louise, Texas
Louise is a census-designated place (CDP) in southwestern Wharton County, Texas, United States. Louise started as a station on a newly built railroad in 1881. The area soon proved especially suited for rice growing. Other crops were successful and oil and gas were produced in the area. The population peaked in 1960, then declined, then rose again. Louise operates its own school district. The population is currently 889 as of 2020.
Austin (given name)
Austin is an English masculine given name, an Old French language contraction of Agustin as Aostin, Austin (regular disappearing of intervocalic [g] from Late Latin to Old French; cf. : Old French aüst / aoust, French août). Agustin is the popular form of Augustin, equivalent to Augustine. Variations of the name include Austen and Auston.

Contraction (grammar)
A contraction is a shortened version of the spoken and written forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.

In linguistic analysis, contractions should not be confused with crasis, abbreviations and initialisms (including acronyms), with which they share some semantic and phonetic functions, though all three are connoted by the term "abbreviation" in layman’s terms. Contraction is also distinguished from morphological clipping, where beginnings and endings are omitted.

The definition overlaps with the term portmanteau (a linguistic blend), but a distinction can be made between a portmanteau and a contraction by noting that contractions are formed from words that would otherwise appear together in sequence, such as do and not, whereas a portmanteau word is formed by combining two or more existing words that all relate to a singular concept that the portmanteau describes.
Flaming Youth
Flaming Youth can refer to:

Flaming Youth (novel), a 1923 novel by Samuel Hopkins Adams

Flaming Youth (film), a 1923 film based on the novel starring Colleen Moore and Milton Sills

Flaming Youth (band), a 1960s British rock group

"Flaming Youth" (song), a song by the rock group Kiss

Flaming Youth (film)
Flaming Youth is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by John Francis Dillon and starring Colleen Moore and Milton Sills, based on the novel of the same name by Samuel Hopkins Adams. Associated First National produced and distributed the film. In his retrospective essay "Echoes of the Jazz Age", writer F. Scott Fitzgerald cited Flaming Youth as the only film that captured the sexual revolution of the Jazz Age. The film is now considered partially lost. One 11 minute reel survives and is housed at the Library of Congress.
Sherry Combs Johnson
Sherry Combs Johnson (August 16, 1938 – August 2, 2023) was an American ProRodeo Hall of Fame barrel racer. In 1962, she won the barrel racing world championship at the National Finals Rodeo (NFR) in Fort Worth, Texas.

National Finals Rodeo
The National Finals Rodeo (NFR) is the premier championship rodeo of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA). It showcases the talents of the PRCA's top 15 money winners in the season for each event.

The NFR is held each year in the first full week of December, at the Thomas & Mack Center on the campus of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) in Paradise, Nevada, United States, and is aired live on The Cowboy Channel. Cowboy Christmas, a cowboy gift show, is held concurrent with the rodeo at the Las Vegas Convention Center.

Since the rodeo uses 'special dirt', the dirt is stored on the UNLV campus for use in the next NFR.
Championia
Championia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae. It contains a single species, Championia reticulata, a subshrub native to the humid lowland and montane rain forests of southwestern and central Sri Lanka.

The species was described by George Gardner in 1846.

Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.
Jon Hensley
Jon Hensley (born August 26, 1965, in Browns Mills, New Jersey) is an American actor, singer and songwriter, best recognized for his portrayal of Holden Snyder on the CBS daytime soap opera As the World Turns, a role he held from 1985 until the series finale on September 17, 2010. He later portrayed Dr. Meade on The Bold and the Beautiful from 2012 to 2013.

Browns Mills, New Jersey
Browns Mills is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Pemberton Township, in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census the CDP's population was 10,734, a decrease of 489 (-4.4%) from the 11,223 counted at the 2010 United States census, which in turn reflected a decrease of 34 (-0.3%) from the 2000 census. Browns Mills is known as the home of Deborah Heart and Lung Center.
1991–92 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1991 season began on December 28, 1991. The postseason tournament concluded with the Washington Redskins defeating the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVI, 37–24, on January 26, 1992, at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

This edition of the NFL playoffs marked the first time ever that every AFC playoff qualifier was an original AFL franchise. Previous postseasons had either featured pre-merger NFL teams (Steelers, Browns, Colts), AFL expansion teams (Dolphins, Bengals) and/or AFC expansion teams (Seahawks).

Kirby Jackson
Kirby Jackson (born February 2, 1965) is an American former professional football defensive back who played for the Los Angeles Rams in 1987 and the Buffalo Bills from 1988 to 1992.  He helped the Bills win four AFC Championships, and was a member of four Bills Super Bowl teams. He later was acquired by the Seattle Seahawks, but did not see playing time as he was injured before the season.  Before his National Football League (NFL) career, he played for Mississippi State University and was selected by the New York Jets in the fifth round of the 1987 NFL draft.  On September 30, 2022, Jackson was inducted into the Mississippi State M-Club Hall of Fame.
Bloody Tubs
The Bloody Tubs or Blood Tubs were a 19th-century gang of opportunistic street thugs in Baltimore, Maryland, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who worked primarily for Nativist Know Nothing politicians to commit election fraud.

Nativism (politics)
Nativism is the political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native-born or indigenous people over those of immigrants, including the support of anti-immigration and immigration-restriction measures.
The Rough Guide to African Disco
The Rough Guide to African Disco is a world music compilation album originally released in 2013 featuring mainly 1970s and '80s African disco. Part of the World Music Network Rough Guides series, the album contains two discs: an overview of the genre on Disc One, and a "bonus" Disc Two highlighting Cameroonian artist Maloko. Disc One features five South African tracks, four Nigerian, two Ghanaian, and one each from Cameroon and France. The release was compiled by Dominic Raymond-Barker and Phil Stanton, co-founder of the World Music Network.

Music of Cameroon
The music of the Cameroon includes diverse traditional and modern musical genres. The best-known contemporary genre is makossa, a popular style that has gained fans across Africa, and its related dance craze bikutsi.

The pirogue sailors of Douala are known for a kind of singing called "Ngoso" which has evolved into a kind of modern music accompanied by zanza, balafon, and various percussion instruments.
Guy, Texas
Guy is an unincorporated community in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 60 in 2000. It is located in the Greater Houston metropolitan area.

Richmond, Texas
Richmond is a suburb of Houston and the county seat of Fort Bend County, Texas, United States. The city is located within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Richmond had a population of 11,627.
Northwest Pinball and Arcade Show
The Northwest Pinball and Arcade Show is an annual pinball and arcade game festival held in Tacoma, Washington, United States.

The Northwest Pinball and Arcade Show draws around 3,000 collectors and fans each June to the Seattle area. The festival began as a small annual event held by Washington pinball collectors, but in 2008 became a full-fledged regional convention featuring 125 pinball machines, arcade games, electro-mechanical games, with speakers, vendors and tournaments. In 2013 the show expanded in size, prompting a move from the Seattle Center to the Greater Tacoma Convention Center.

The King of Kong
The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters is a 2007 American documentary film about competitive arcade gaming directed by Seth Gordon. It follows Steve Wiebe in his attempts to take the high score record for the 1981 arcade game Donkey Kong from Billy Mitchell. The film premiered at the 2007 Slamdance Film Festival and was released in U.S. theaters in August 2007. It received positive reviews.
Jules Gauthier
Jules Gauthier (26 September 1892 – 15 December 1975) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He became a notary by career.

Gauthier was educated at the Chicoutimi Seminary and at Université Laval where he received his degree in civil law (LLL). In 1942, he was mayor of Jonquière.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Lapointe riding in the 1949 general election. After serving one term, the 21st Canadian Parliament, Gauthier left the House of Commons and did not seek another term in the 1953 election.

Bachelor of Civil Law
Bachelor of Civil Law (abbreviated BCL or B.C.L.; Latin: Baccalaureus Civilis Legis) is the name of various degrees in law conferred by English-language universities. The BCL originated as a postgraduate degree in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge; at Oxford, the BCL continues to be the primary postgraduate taught course in law. It is also taught as an undergraduate degree in other countries. The reference to civil law was not originally in contradistinction to common law, but to canon law, although common law was not taught in the civil law faculties in either university until at least the second half of the 18th century. However, some universities in English-speaking countries use the degree in the former sense.
Andrea Giovi
Andrea Giovi (born 19 August 1983) is an Italian volleyball player, a member of Italy men's national volleyball team and Italian club Sir Safety Perugia, a bronze medalist of the Olympic Games London 2012, World League (2013, 2014) and silver medalist of the European Championship (2011, 2013).

2011 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 2011 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 27th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the CEV. It was held in Austria and Czech Republic from 10 to 18 September 2011.
Gideon Gross
Gideon Gross (Hebrew: גדעון גרוס) is an Israeli immunologist, inventor and farmer. Together with Zelig Eshhar at the Weizmann Institute of Science, they created the first chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). He was dean of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of Tel-Hai Academic College from 2010 to 2014. He is also a specialist mango farmer.

Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now Bangladesh, northeastern India and Myanmar. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times, resulting in two modern mango cultivar lineages: the "Indian" and the "Southeast Asian" types. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits called "mangoes," most of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.

There are several hundred cultivars of mango worldwide. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.
Oleksandr Liashko
Oleksandr Pavlovych Liashko (Ukrainian: Олександр Павлович Ляшко; 12 January [O.S. 30 December 1915] 1916 – 9 October 2002) was a Soviet Ukrainian politician. He served as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR (a role equivalent to today's Prime Minister of Ukraine) for more than 15 years, making him the longest-serving person in that position. Liashko was also a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1961 to 1989. In 1985, he was honored with the Hero of Socialist Labour award.

Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR
Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian: Рада Міністрів УРСР, romanized: Rada Ministriv URSR) was the highest executive and administrative body of state power of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, government (1946–1991). The council replaced the Council of People's Commissars that existed in Ukraine since the establishment of the Soviet regime. In April 1991, the council was replaced by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic which after adaptation of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine was changed to Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
Shaun Gill
Shaun Gill (born 9 April 1993) is a Belizean athlete. He competed in the men's 60 metres at the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships. He competed in the preliminary rounds at the 2020 Olympic Games 100 metres in Tokyo running 10.88 seconds. He was the only competitor in any sport to qualify for his nation of Belize at the 2024 Summer Olympics, finishing 6th in his heat for the Men's 100 metres, resulting in his elimination and ultimately missing his only chance of earning his only Olympic medal. His personal best time in the 100m sprint is 10.57 seconds at the Central American Games at the Managua Venue in Nicaragua on December 9, 2017.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place on 31 July and 1 August 2021 at the Olympic Stadium. 84 athletes were expected to compete; 27 nations used universality places to enter athletes in addition to the 56 qualifying through standard time or ranking (23 universality places were used in 2016). 78 athletes from 59 nations competed. Marcell Jacobs won the gold medal, establishing twice, semifinal and final, the new European record, as well as collecting Italy's first medal in the men's 100 metres. The United States extended its podium streak in the event to six Games with Fred Kerley's silver - after he placed only third at the U.S. trials. Canadian Andre De Grasse won his second consecutive bronze medal in the 100 metres, while running a personal best. With Usain Bolt retired, Jamaica's three Games gold medal streak ended.