hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cunliffe baronets
The Cunliffe Baronetcy, of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 26 March 1759 for Sir Ellis Cunliffe, a slave trader and Member of Parliament for Liverpool. The fourth Baronet was a General in the Bengal Army. The fifth Baronet represented Flint Boroughs and Denbigh Boroughs in the House of Commons.

Bengal Army
The Bengal Army was the army of the Bengal Presidency, one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire.

It was formed in 1756 and underwent various re-organisations, including the creation of irregular infantry and cavalry regiments during the 1840s. It was originally recruited from high-caste Hindus but more diversity was introduced after 1857.

The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the East India Company (EIC) until the Government of India Act 1858, passed in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, transferred all three presidencies to the direct authority of the British Crown. In 1895 the three presidency armies were merged into the British Indian Army.
Marilyn Hagerty
Marilyn Gail Hagerty (née Hansen; May 30, 1926 – September 16, 2025) was an American newspaper columnist, writing for the Grand Forks Herald from 1957 to 2024. Her March 2012 review of the new Olive Garden restaurant in Grand Forks, North Dakota went viral when at first derided, before gaining a supportive following, including from Anthony Bourdain. Her reviews were collected in a 2013 book, Grand Forks: A History of American Dining in 128 Reviews, with a foreword by Bourdain.

She was awarded the 2012 Al Neuharth Award for Excellence in the Media, the UND Spirit Award, bestowed by the UND Alumni Association and Foundation in 2017, and an honorary degree from the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks in 2021.

Top Chef: Seattle
Top Chef: Seattle is the tenth season of the American reality television series Top Chef. The season premiered on November 7, 2012. The competition was initially filmed in Seattle, Washington before moving to Juneau, Alaska for three episodes, and then concluding in Los Angeles, California. Top Chef: Last Chance Kitchen, the web series introduced in the previous season which puts the eliminated contestants against each other in head-to-head challenges to battle for a chance to re-enter the main competition, also returned. The winner continued to compete in the season finale. In addition, viewers could vote each week for chefs eliminated from the Last Chance Kitchen to move on in the "Save a Chef" competition. The winner of the final vote was "saved", and earned a spot in the final round of the Last Chance Kitchen. In the season finale, Kristen Kish was declared the winner over runner-up Brooke Williamson. Sheldon Simeon was voted Fan Favorite.
Post After Post-Mortem
Post After Post-Mortem is a 1936 detective novel by E.C.R. Lorac, the pen name of the British writer Edith Caroline Rivett. It is the eleventh book featuring Chief Inspector MacDonald of Scotland Yard. Originally published by Collins Crime Club, it was reissued in 2022 by the British Library Publishing as part of a group of crime novels from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
Kolva (Usa)
The Kolva (Russian: Колва) is a river in Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Usa of the Pechora basin. The length of the river is 564 km (350 mi). The area of its basin 18,100 km2 (7,000 sq mi). The Kolva freezes up in late November and stays under the ice until mid-May.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг; Nenets: Ненэцие" автономной округ’, romanized: Nyeneciye” awtonomnoy okruk’) also known as Nenetsia (Russian: Нене́ция [nʲɪˈnʲet͡sɨjə]) is a federal subject of Russia and an autonomous okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Naryan-Mar. It has an area of 176,700 square kilometers (68,200 sq mi) and a population of 42,090 as of the 2010 Census, making it the least populous federal subject. It is the only federal subject of Russia that is divided into only one district.

A plan to merge the autonomous okrug with Arkhangelsk Oblast was presented by the governors of both federal subjects on 13 May 2020, with a referendum planned for September, but was met with opposition by locals,
leading to the merger process being scrapped completely.
XPhos
XPhos is a phosphine ligand derived from biphenyl. Its palladium complexes exhibit high activity for Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions involving aryl chlorides and aryl tosylates.  Both palladium and copper complexes of the compound exhibit high activity for the coupling of aryl halides and aryl tosylates with various amides.  It is also an efficient ligand for several commonly used C–C bond-forming cross-coupling reactions, including the Negishi, Suzuki, and the copper-free Sonogashira coupling reactions.  It is especially efficient and general when employed as a (2-aminobiphenyl)-cyclometalated palladium mesylate precatalyst complex (Buchwald's third generation precatalyst system), XPhos-G3-Pd, which is commercially available and stable to bench storage. The ligand itself also has convenient handling characteristics as a crystalline, air-stable solid.

Biphenyl
Biphenyl (also known as diphenyl, phenylbenzene, 1,1′-biphenyl, lemonene or BP) is an organic compound that forms colorless  crystals.  Particularly in older literature, compounds containing the functional group consisting of biphenyl less one hydrogen (the site at which it is attached) may use the prefixes xenyl or diphenylyl.

It has a distinctively pleasant smell. Biphenyl is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula (C6H5)2. It is notable as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were once widely used as dielectric fluids and heat transfer agents.

Biphenyl is also an intermediate for the production of a host of other organic compounds such as emulsifiers, optical brighteners, crop protection products, and plastics. Biphenyl is insoluble in water, but soluble in typical organic solvents. The biphenyl molecule consists of two connected phenyl rings.
Number Nine (novel)
Number Nine: Or, The Mindsweepers is a 1951 comedy novel by the British writer A.P. Herbert. It was written as a parody of the Civil Service selection board and portrays several recruits attending a course at an assessment centre. They gather at the ancestral home of an aristocratic admiral, much to his dismay.

Comic novel
A comic novel is a novel-length work of humorous fiction. Many well-known authors have written comic novels, including P. G. Wodehouse, Henry Fielding, Mark Twain, and John Kennedy Toole. Comic novels are often defined by the author's literary choice to make the thrust of the work—in its narration or plot—funny or satirical in orientation, regardless of the putative seriousness of the topics addressed.
Sumner Redstone
Sumner Murray Redstone (né Rothstein; May 27, 1923 – August 11, 2020) was an American billionaire businessman and media magnate. He was the founder and chairman of the second incarnation of Viacom, chairman of CBS Corporation (both companies merged in 2019, a year before Redstone's death), and the majority owner and chairman of the National Amusements theater chain.

Until his death, Redstone was a majority voting shareholder of the media conglomerate ViacomCBS, the parent company of the Paramount Pictures film studio, the CBS television network, and various cable networks.

According to Forbes, as of April 2020, he was worth US$2.6 billion.

Redstone was formerly the executive chairman of both CBS and Viacom. In February 2016, at age 92, Redstone resigned both chairmanships following a court-ordered examination by a geriatric psychiatrist. He was ultimately succeeded by Les Moonves at CBS and Philippe Dauman at Viacom.

2019 merger of CBS and Viacom
The 2019 merger of CBS Corporation and Viacom was announced on August 13, 2019, and was completed on December 4, 2019. The merger of equals reunited the second incarnations of CBS Corporation and Viacom into a single company known as ViacomCBS (later renamed Paramount Global) after their separation from the first incarnation of Viacom on December 31, 2005.

Both companies and the merged entity were majority-owned by the theater company National Amusements, until they merged with Skydance Media to form Paramount Skydance Corporation on August 7, 2025.
Lone Peak High School
Lone Peak High School (LPHS) is a public high school in Highland, Utah, United States. Part of the Alpine School District, in northern Utah County, it was built in 1997 to serve students in the cities of Alpine, Highland, and Cedar Hills. Lone Peak High School was given athletic 5A status beginning at the 2005-2006 school year. However, it has since been given a 6A status. The school mascot is a knight.

Cedar Hills, Utah
Cedar Hills is a city in north-central Utah County, Utah, United States. The population was 10,019 at the 2020 census, up from 9,796 in 2010. The city began growing rapidly during the 1990s and is located east of Alpine and Highland on the slopes of Mount Timpanogos.
St. Ludger Church, Billerbeck
St Ludger's Church, also called Ludger's Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage church in the city of Billerbeck in the Diocese of Münster and one of the two churches of the Parish and Provostry of St John and St Ludger. It is a neo-Gothic hall church with transepts.

Since 1985, the church has been a Baudenkmal of North Rhine-Westphalia, Billerbeck no. 11.

Kulturdenkmal
Kulturdenkmal (German: [kʊlˈtuːɐ̯dɛŋkˌmaːl] ⓘ) is the official term to describe National Heritage Sites listed by law in German-speaking areas of Europe, to protect and spread awareness of cultural heritage.
ECIP
The European Convergence and Implementation Plan (ECIP) is a plan developed by EUROCONTROL with common actions to be implemented by the participated states in order to improve Air Traffic Management (ATM) services within the period stipulated. Activities relate to all aspects of the ATM domain such as airspace organization and management, aeronautical information systems (AIM), safety regulation and environment.

The ECIP document is used as a medium-term planning tool for the stakeholders that focuses on necessary changes over the next five to seven years.

The ECIP has been replaced by ESSIP, the European Single Sky ImPlementation plan.

Airspace
Airspace is the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory and territorial waters that fall under the country's sovereignty and regulatory control.

Internationally, allocation and management of airspace is coordinated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which was established through the Chicago Convention in 1947 to unify air traffic. ICAO organizes airspace into Flight Information Regions (FIRs) and provides classification guidelines. National authorities, such as the FAA, CAA, or EASA implement rules and regulations for air traffic control, special-use airspace, and enforcement within their own FIRs.

Airspace can be used for both civilian flight and for defense or military operations, and countries are responsible for protecting their own airspace using measures such as air policing. Legal and technical challenges include the vertical boundary between airspace and outer space and temporary restrictions such as NOTAMs or TFRs.
Saint-Martin-du-Var
Saint-Martin-du-Var (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃ dy vaʁ], literally Saint-Martin of the Var; Occitan: Sant Martin de Var; Italian: San Martino del Varo) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Var (river)
The Var (French: [vaʁ] ⓘ, Occitan: [ˈbaɾ]; Italian: Varo; Latin: Varus) is a river located in the southeast of France. It is 114 km (71 mi) long. Its drainage basin is 2,812 km2 (1,086 sq mi).

The Var flows through the Alpes-Maritimes département for most of its length, with a short (~15 km or ~9 mi) stretch in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence département. It is a unique case in France of a river not flowing in the département named after it (see Var). This is the result of the Nice Préfecture being too small to be considered a département by itself in the administrative reshuffling of 1860. Hence, some land had to be taken out of neighbouring Var region causing the eponymous département to lose its namesake.

Until the beginning of the 19th century, the river had no bridges; it was the border between France and the County of Nice, then part of Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.
Pithrawas
Pithrawas is a village in Khol Block of Rewari, Rewari district, Haryana, India, in Gurgaon division. It is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the district headquarters at Rewari. Its postal head office is at Khori.

Gurgaon division
Gurgaon division, officially known as Gurugram division, is one of the six divisions of Haryana, India. The division comprises the districts of Gurgaon, Mahendragarh and Rewari. This division used to be called Gurgaon division, but on 27 September 2016, it was renamed to Gurugram division.
Allium farctum
Allium farctum is an Asian species of onions found high in the mountains of Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is a bulb-forming perennial up to 70 cm tall, producing a bulb up to 25 mm across. Flowers are white, borne in a tightly packed hemispheric umbel.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Farewell, Farewell
Farewell, Farewell is a live Fairport Convention album recorded on the band's farewell tour in 1979. It is the last Fairport album to feature fiddler/mandolinist Dave Swarbrick. Tracks are drawn from three performances of the Farewell Tour during Spring 1979: at Birmingham University, Southampton University and at Derby Assembly Rooms. Most of the songs are performances of already familiar tracks from previous studio albums. 

In 1997 to mark the 30th anniversary of Fairport Convention, the album was remastered, repackaged and re-released as "Encore Encore". This version included the 1980 studio single "Rubber Band" plus three additional tracks recorded on the 1979 tour: "The Hens March Through the Midden/Four Poster Bed", "Flatback Caper" and "Dirty Linen".

Derby Assembly Rooms
The Derby Assembly Rooms was an events venue in the English city of Derby. There have been three iterations of the Derby Assembly Rooms, with the last two on the same site. The first was opened in 1714 in Full Street, but soon proved inadequate. The second was built in 1763 on Market Place and was used until it was damaged by a fire in 1963. The third was built in 1977 and used until it too was damaged in a fire in 2014.

Both of the last two buildings still exist, at least in part. The façade of the 1763 building was dismantled and rebuilt as part of the vintage street scene at the National Tramway Museum in Crich, Derbyshire.

The 1977 building still stands, albeit unused since 2014, but has an uncertain future. As of March 2025, there were no firm plans and the adjacent car park was closed since 2024 in anticipation of demolition, but the council hope to have a better overview by the summer.
WXXM
WXXM (92.1 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, and serving the Madison metropolitan area.  The station is owned and operated by iHeartMedia, and broadcasts a classic hits radio format, switching to Christmas music for much of November and December.  The station is noted for its runs as an alternative rock station during the 1980s and 1990s and as a progressive talk station in the 2000s and 2010s.

WXXM's studios and offices are located on Fish Hatchery Road in the Madison suburb of Fitchburg, and has a transmitter located off Brooks Drive in Sun Prairie.

Madison metropolitan area
The Madison metropolitan area, also known as Greater Madison, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Madison, Wisconsin. The Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, consists of Columbia, Dane, Green, and Iowa counties in south-central Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 680,796, making it the 84th-largest in the United States.

The Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the four counties in the Madison MSA as well as Rock County (Janesville–Beloit metropolitan area) and Sauk County (Baraboo micropolitan area). The CSA population as of the 2020 census was 910,246, making it the 64th-largest in the United States.
Nightmare Creatures
Nightmare Creatures is a 1997 survival horror video game developed by Kalisto Entertainment for PlayStation, Windows, and Nintendo 64. A sequel, Nightmare Creatures II, was released three years later. A mobile phone version of Nightmare Creatures was developed and published by Gameloft in 2003. A third sequel, Nightmare Creatures III: Angel of Darkness, was cancelled in 2004.

Gameloft
Gameloft SE is a French major video game company based in Paris, founded in December 1999 by Ubisoft co-founder Michel Guillemot. The company operates 11 development studios worldwide, and publishes games for mobile devices, video game consoles, and PC. Formerly a public company traded at the Paris Bourse, Gameloft was acquired by investment french company Vivendi in 2016.
Harvest (Crace novel)
Harvest is a 2013 novel by British author Jim Crace.  Crace had stated that Harvest would be his final novel, but it wasn't.

Harvest was shortlisted for the 2013 Man Booker Prize, shortlisted for the inaugural Goldsmiths Prize, shortlisted for the Walter Scott Prize (2014), and won the 2013 James Tait Black Memorial Prize and the International Dublin Literary Award in 2015. In 2019, Harvest was ranked 81st on The Guardian's list of the 100 best books of the 21st century.

James Tait Black Memorial Prize
The James Tait Black Memorial Prizes are literary prizes awarded for literature written in the English language. They, along with the Hawthornden Prize, are Britain's oldest literary awards. Based at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, United Kingdom, the prizes were founded in 1919 by Janet Coats Black in memory of her late husband, James Tait Black, a partner in the publishing house of A & C Black Ltd. Prizes are awarded in two categories: Fiction and Biography. A Drama prize was awarded from 2013-2019.
Schofield Normal and Industrial School
Schofield Normal and Industrial School was a school for African Americans in Aiken, South Carolina. It is now a public middle school.

The school was founded by the Freedmen's Bureau in 1866. Martha Schofield, a Quaker from Pennsylvania became its superintendent. It became a boarding school and taught trades and trained teachers. It was merged into the public school system in 1952. It was integrated in the 1960s and became a middle school.

Isaac Fisher taught at the school. Nick Aaron Ford taught at the school.

Martha Schofield was also a political activist. She wrote to her sister on school stationery.

Sanford P. Brady, an alumnus of the school, became its first African American superintendent. A belltower from the school that topped its Carter Hall is extant. A historical marker commemorates the school's history. Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College has a collection of papers from the school. The school is part of the Reconstruction Era National Historic Network.

Freedmen's Bureau
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, usually referred to as simply the Freedmen's Bureau, was a U.S. government agency of early post American Civil War Reconstruction, assisting freedmen (i.e., former enslaved people) in the South. It was established on March 3, 1865, and operated briefly as a federal agency after the War, from 1865 to November 1872, to direct provisions, clothing, and fuel for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children.
Cassida leucanthemi
Cassida leucanthemi is a species of beetle in the leaf beetle family, that can be found in Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Italy (Liguria), Poland, and Spain. The host plants are Asteraceae species, including Leucanthemum vulgare, Carduus argemose and Carduus obtusisquamosus. It also feeds on Caryophyllaceae species, particularly Silene nutans.

Leucanthemum vulgare
Leucanthemum vulgare, commonly known as the ox-eye daisy, oxeye daisy, dog daisy, marguerite (French: Marguerite commune, "common marguerite") and other common names, is a widespread flowering plant native to Europe and the temperate regions of Asia, and an introduced plant to North America, Australia and New Zealand.
Robert C. Helmer
Robert C. Helmer is an American academic who became the ninth president of Baldwin Wallace University in Berea, Ohio, on July 1, 2012. He served as the first president of Baldwin Wallace University after the school became a university in 2012. Helmer became president after Richard Durst who served since 2006.

In 2024, Helmer announced his retirement, effective June 30th. The University established an Office of the President while the School searches for a new President. Helmer has been temporarily succeeded by Interim President and Provost Dr. Thomas C. Sutton.

Lee Fisher was selected to succeed Helmer.

Baldwin Wallace University
Baldwin Wallace University (BW) is a private university in Berea, Ohio, United States. Established in 1845 as Baldwin Institute by Methodist businessman and former founder of a utopian community at Berea, Ohio John Baldwin, it merged with nearby German Wallace College in 1913 to become Baldwin-Wallace College. There are two campus sites: Berea, which serves as the main campus, and Corporate College East in Warrensville Heights, Ohio. The university enrolls approximately 3,300 full-time undergraduate and graduate students as of fall 2024. Baldwin Wallace's athletic teams compete as members of NCAA Division III athletics in the Ohio Athletic Conference.