hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mapping cylinder
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, the mapping cylinder of a continuous function  between topological spaces  and  is the quotient

where the  denotes the disjoint union, and ~ is the equivalence relation generated by

That is, the mapping cylinder  is obtained by gluing one end of  to  via the map .  Notice that the "top" of the cylinder  is homeomorphic to , while the "bottom" is the space .  It is common to write  for , and to use the notation  or  for the mapping cylinder construction. That is, one writes

with the subscripted cup symbol denoting the equivalence. The mapping cylinder is commonly used to construct the mapping cone , obtained by collapsing one end of the cylinder to a point. Mapping cylinders are central to the definition of cofibrations.

Disjoint union (topology)
In general topology and related areas of mathematics, the disjoint union (also called the  direct sum, free union, free sum, topological sum, or coproduct) of a family of topological spaces is a space formed by equipping the disjoint union of the underlying sets with a natural topology called the disjoint union topology. Roughly speaking, in the disjoint union the given spaces are considered as part of a single new space where each looks as it would alone and they are isolated from each other.

The name coproduct originates from the fact that the disjoint union is the categorical dual of the product space construction.
Durella
Durella or Durello is a white Italian wine grape variety originating from the Veneto wine region of northeast Italy. Today it is sparsely cultivated, though some producers like to experiment with it since its high acid levels makes it suitable for sparkling wines.

The white Veneto wine grape Bianchetta Trevigiana is believed to be the result of a natural crossing between Durella and the nearly extinct red wine grape Brambana.

Venetian wine
Venetian wine is produced in Veneto, a highly productive wine region in northeastern Italy.

The broader area comprising Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol is known collectively as the Tre Venezie, after the Republic of Venice. Veneto is the most populous and biggest denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) producer of the three regions. Although the Tre Venezie collectively produces more red wine than white, the Veneto region produces more whites under DOC and is notably home to the Prosecco and Soave wines.

The region is protected from the harsh northern European climate by the Alps, the foothills of which form Veneto's northern extremes. These cooler climes are well-suited to white varieties like Garganega (the main grape for Soave wines), while the warmer Adriatic coastal plains, river valleys, and Lake Garda zone are the places where the renowned Valpolicella, Amarone and Bardolino DOC reds are produced.
Nizhnyaya Yentala
Nizhnyaya Yentala (Russian: Нижняя Ентала) is a rural locality (a selo) in Yenangskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 33 as of 2002. There are 3 streets.

Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District (Russian: Ки́чменгско-Городе́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Velikoustyugsky District in the north, Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in the northeast, Oparinsky District of Kirov Oblast in the southeast, Vokhomsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Nikolsky and Babushkinsky Districts in the southwest, and with Nyuksensky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 7,025 square kilometers (2,712 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kichmengsky Gorodok. District's population: 18,485 (2010 Census); 22,187 (2002 Census); 26,170 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kichmengsky Gorodok accounts for 34.9% of the district's total population.
Camila Romero
Camila Romero (born 5 October 1998) is an Ecuadorian tennis player.

Romero has a career-high singles ranking of 555 by the WTA, achieved on 25 August 2025. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 365, achieved on 22 December 2025. Romero has won 14 doubles titles in tournaments of the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour.

Romero represents Ecuador in the Billie Jean King Cup. As of May 2024, she has a win-loss record of 20–12 (11–7 in singles).

Ecuador Billie Jean King Cup team
The Ecuador Billie Jean King Cup team represents Ecuador in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Federación Ecuatoriana de Tenis.  They currently compete in the Americas Zone of Group II.
American Legion Memorial Park
American Legion Memorial Park (also known as Legion Park) is a 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres) park in Everett, Snohomish County, Washington. It is located at 145 Alverson Boulevard, on the north side of Everett, overlooking Port Gardner. The park has tennis courts, baseball fields, a playground, and a picnic area.

The park's northwestern scenic viewpoint was renamed Hibulb Lookout in 2014, in honor of a former Snohomish village sited nearby.

Port Gardner
Port Gardner, also known as Port Gardner Bay, is an inlet of Possession Sound on which the city of Everett, Washington is located. The Snohomish River flows into the north end of the bay.

It was named by George Vancouver for his patron and former commander, Alan Gardner. Vancouver meant the name to apply to all of Saratoga Passage, but over time it came to refer to only the bay near Everett.
Gloucester dory
The Gloucester dory is a variant of the Banks dory, a type of narrow-bottomed, slab-sided boat, common in the North Eastern United States.  It is characteristically smaller and lighter, with less overhang, both bow and stern, and less freeboard.  It retains the Banks dory's slab sides.  Gloucester dories were designed to be launched through the surf behind a breakwater for daily fishing and lobstering off the Massachusetts shore.

Because of its simple lines, a Gloucester dory is relatively easy to build.  With the straight sides and flat bottom, stitch and glue techniques work well with this boat.

Lobster fishing
Lobsters are widely fished around the world for their meat. They are often hard to catch in large numbers, but their large size can make them a profitable catch. Although the majority of the targeted species are tropical, the majority of the global catch is in temperate waters.
Cook Codec
The cook codec is a lossy audio compression codec developed by RealNetworks. It is also known as Cooker, Gecko, RealAudio G2, and RealAudio 8 low bitrate (RA8LBR).

Introduced in 1998, the cook codec was the first audio codec developed by RealNetworks in-house, and was named after its author, Ken Cooke. It is a pure transform codec based on the modified discrete cosine transform with a single block size.

In 2003, RealNetworks introduced a surround sound version of cook, called RealAudio Multichannel.  This was initially designated by the four-character code 'whrl', but is now identified as 'cook', as mono/stereo files are.

Although RealNetworks never published a technical description of the cook codec, others have reverse engineered the format, and as of December 2005, FFmpeg libavcodec contains a decoder capable of playing cook-encoded files. As of July 2009, Rockbox is capable of playing cook-encoded files as well.

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.
Rosemarie Lorenz
Rosemarie Lorenz (née Schmidtke; born 1943/1944) is a retired East German rower. Under her maiden name, she won a silver and a gold medal in the eight event at the European championships of 1967 and 1968, respectively. Under her married name, she won a gold in the eight event at the 1969 European Rowing Championships in Klagenfurt.

She teamed up with Renate Boesler in the double scull and in the East German national championships, they came second in 1967, they placed outside the first three in 1968, and they came second again in 1969.

1969 European Rowing Championships
The 1969 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Wörthersee in the Austrian city of Klagenfurt. This edition of the European Rowing Championships was held from 5 to 7 September for women, and a few days later for men. Women entered in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+), and 15 countries—including the United States—sent 47 boats. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+). An innovation was that petite finals were held to determine places 7 to 12.
Tülay Babuşcu
Tülay Babuşcu (born 26 January 1976) is a Turkish politician from Balıkesir who caused controversy in early 2015 for publicly declaring the end of the Turkish Republic and the resumption of the Ottoman Empire. She serves as a Member of Parliament for the Balıkesir electoral district from the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) since the 2011 general election. She was previously an AKP municipal councillor and also a member of the administrative committee of the AKP's Balıkesir branch.

Born and educated in Balıkesir, Babuşcu studied pharmaceutics at Ege University and worked as a pharmacist for ten years. She is married with one child. Her father is a retired İmam Hatip (religious) school teacher and her husband is a businessman.

Babuşcu failed to secure renomination for the June 2015 general election.

Balıkesir (electoral district)
Balıkesir is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects eight members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.
Jean Ernest Rakotomiandrisoa
Jean Ernest Rakotomiandrisoa is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party; he represents the constituency of Antsirabe.

National Assembly (Madagascar)
The National Assembly (Malagasy: Antenimieram-Pirenena; French: Assemblée Nationale) is the lower house of the Parliament of Madagascar. The Assembly has 163 members, elected for five-year terms in single-member and two-member constituencies.

The Parliament of Madagascar has two chambers. The other chamber is the Senate (Antenimieran-Doholona/Sénat), which has 18 members, 12 of which are indirectly elected (one from each district of Madagascar), with 6 more being appointed.
Lepidochrysops procera
Lepidochrysops procera, the Potchefstroom blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, where it is known from the KwaZulu-Natal midlands to Mpumalanga, Gauteng, Limpopo Province and North West.

The wingspan is 28–34 mm for males and 29–36 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to November. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Becium grandiflorum, Ocimum canum and Lippia scaberrima.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
Acuminite
Acuminite is a rare halide mineral with chemical formula: SrAlF4(OH)·(H2O).  Its name comes from the Latin word acumen, meaning "spear point".  Its Mohs scale rating is 3.5.

Acumenite has only been described from its type locality of the cryolite deposit in Ivigtut, Greenland.

Ivittuut
Ivittuut (formerly, Ivigtût; Greenlandic for "Grassy Place") is an abandoned mining town near Cape Desolation in southwestern Greenland, in the modern Sermersooq municipality on the ruins of the former Norse Middle Settlement.

Ivittuut is one of the few places in the world so far discovered to have naturally occurring cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium aluminum fluoride), an important agent in modern aluminum extraction.
Down and Out in Paris and London
Down and Out in Paris and London is the first full-length work by the English author George Orwell, published in 1933. It is a memoir in two parts on the theme of poverty in the two cities. Its target audience was the middle- and upper-class members of society—those who were more likely to be well educated—and it exposes the poverty existing in two prosperous cities: Paris and London. The first part is an account of living in near-extreme poverty and destitution in Paris and the experience of casual labour in restaurant kitchens. The second part is a travelogue of life on the road in and around London from the tramp's perspective, with descriptions of the types of hostel accommodation available and some of the characters to be found living on the margins.

Cecil Day-Lewis
Cecil Day-Lewis (or Day Lewis; 27 April 1904 – 22 May 1972), often written as C. Day-Lewis, was an Anglo-Irish poet and Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1968 until his death. He also wrote mystery stories under the pseudonym Nicholas Blake, most of which feature the fictional detective Nigel Strangeways.

During the Second World War he worked as a publications editor in the British government's Ministry of Information and also served in the Musbury branch of the Home Guard. He was the father of the actor Sir Daniel Day-Lewis and the chef Tamasin Day-Lewis.
David Bentley (journalist)
David Bentley is an Australian journalist and musician.

Bentley is known for writing the 1969 hit "In a Broken Dream" for his band Python Lee Jackson, in which he was a keyboard player and singer.   "In a Broken Dream", featuring Rod Stewart, peaked at #3 on the UK singles chart.

As a freelance journalist, Bentley has worked as a foreign correspondent, travel writer, food critic, columnist and feature writer.

In 1995, Bentley was awarded the Gold Walkley for exposing a literary hoax for The Courier Mail, involving Miles Franklin Award winner Helen Demidenko, author of The Hand That Signed the Paper, who had falsely claimed Ukrainian ancestry.

The controversy has since been widely discussed, with Bentley credited with uncovering one of Australia's most intriguing literary hoaxes.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
2013 US Open – Girls' doubles
Gabrielle Andrews and Taylor Townsend were the defending champions having won the 2012 event, but neither player chose to defend their title.

Barbora Krejčíková and Kateřina Siniaková won the tournament, defeating Belinda Bencic and Sara Sorribes Tormo in the final, 6–3, 6–4. This was the Czech pair's third Grand Slam victory in a row. Krejčíková became the fourth girls' doubles player to reach all of the Grand Slam finals in a calendar year after Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, Urszula Radwańska and Tímea Babos.

Gabrielle Andrews
Gabrielle Faith "Gabby" Andrews (born December 23, 1996) is an American professional tennis player. On October 22, 2012, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of 938. Andrews is best known for reaching the final at the 2011 US Open girls' doubles event and for winning the same event at the 2012 Australian Open alongside fellow American Taylor Townsend.

On May 25, 2019, playing for the UCLA Bruins, she and teammate Ayan Broomfield won the doubles event at the 2019 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship, defeating Kate Fahey and Brienne Minor of the Michigan Wolverines.
Nehemia Azaz
Nehemia Azaz (Hebrew: נחמיה עזז), also Nehemiah, Henri or N H Azaz (9 October 1923 – 27 October 2008), was an Israeli sculptor, ceramicist and architectural artist, who spent half of his working life in the UK. Best known in Israel as founder of the Department of Artistic Ceramics at the Harsa factory in Beersheba, Azaz made his studio base in Oxfordshire, England from the late 1960s onwards, working in stained glass, wood, concrete, bronze, brass, copper and aluminium.

Josef Herman
Josef Herman OBE RA (3 January 1911 – 19 February 2000), was a highly regarded Polish-British painter who influenced contemporary art, particularly in the United Kingdom. He was part of a generation of central and eastern European Jewish refugee artists who emigrated to escape Nazi persecution. He saw himself as part of a tradition of European figurative artists who painted working people, a tradition that included Courbet, Millet and Van Gogh, Kathe Kollwitz and the Flemish Expressionist Constant Permeke.  For eleven years he lived in Ystradgynlais, a mining community in South Wales.
2004–05 Australian Athletics Championships
The 2004–05 Australian Athletics Championships was the 83rd edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for Australia. It was held from 4–6 March 2005 at the Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre in Sydney. It served as a selection meeting for Australia at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics. The 10,000 metres event took place separately at the Zatopek 10K on 4 December 2004 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne. Relay events were contested in Canberra on 6 February 2005.

Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre
Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre is a multi-use stadium in the Sydney Olympic Park suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The capacity of the stadium is 5,000 spectators.  It also hosted the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics and served as the warm-up track for the 2000 Olympic Games, being connected by a tunnel to Stadium Australia, where the Olympic competition was held. Since 1994 it has been a frequent venue of the Australian Athletics Championships.
Pialrâl
Pialrâl (/ˌpiːəlˈrɑːl/) is the ultimate heaven according to the folk myth of the Mizo tribes of Northeast India. The Mizo word literally means "beyond the world". Unlike most concepts of heaven, it is not the final resting place of the spirits of the good and the righteous, nor is there a role for god or any supernaturals; it is simply a reservation for extraordinary achievers during their lifetime to enjoy eternal bliss and luxury.

The concept of Pialrâl itself sums up very well the entire spiritual belief system in the animistic folk religion of the Mizo ancestors. It encompasses not only the spiritual realm, but also all the pathways for entry and services required to attain access. Although the traditional Mizo religion had been completely overshadowed by Christianity since the turn of the 20th century, the notion of Pialrâl still survives as a remnant in a Christian metaphor of paradise among modern Mizos, especially vivid in their songs of praise.

Mizo language
Mizo also known as Duhlián ṭawng is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Mizoram, where it is the official language and lingua franca. It is the mother tongue of the Mizo people and some members of the Mizo diaspora. Other than Mizoram, it is also spoken in Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, and Assam states of India, Sagaing Region and Chin State in Myanmar, and Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. It is mainly based on the Lusei dialect but it has also derived many words from its surrounding Mizo clans such as Hmar, Pawi, etc.

The language is also known as Duhlian and Lushai, a colonial term, as the Duhlian people were the first among the Mizo people to be encountered by the British in the course of their colonial expansion.
Vertex painting
In 3D computer graphics software, vertex painting refers to interactive editing tools for modifying vertex attributes directly on a 3D polygon mesh, using painting tools similar to any digital painting application but working in a 3D viewport on a perspective view of a rotated model. It is similar to a 3D paint tool but operates specifically to vertex data rather than texture maps.

It is most often used for modifying weight maps for skeletal animation, to tweak the influence of individual bones when deforming surfaces around joints.

Digital painting
Digital painting is either a physical painting made with the use of digital electronics and spray paint robotics within the digital art fine art context or pictorial art imagery made with pixels on a computer screen that mimics artworks from the traditional histories of painting and illustration.
Karl von Luz
Karl von Luz (3 August 1824 – 6 November 1899) was a Württembergian politician and civil servant. He served as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Württemberg, from 1876 to 1877 and from 1880 until his death. In 1887 he was appointed as district president (Regierungspräsident) and thus head of one of the kingdom's regional government authorities.

He received the Knight's Cross First Class of the Order of the Crown, which conferred personal ennoblement, in 1880, and was promoted to Commander of the same order in 1889. He also received several other orders of merit, and became an honorary citizen of Altensteig and Reutlingen in 1896.

His daughter Helene was the mother of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel.

Ennoblement
Ennoblement is the conferring of nobility—the induction of an individual into the noble class. Currently only a few kingdoms still grant nobility to people; among them Spain, the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Vatican. Depending on time and region, various laws have governed who  could be ennobled and how. Typically, nobility was conferred on individuals who had assisted the sovereign. In some countries (e.g. France under the Ancien Régime), this degenerated into the buying of patents of nobility, whereby rich commoners (e.g.  merchants) could purchase a title of nobility.
Soulfuric Recordings
Soulfuric Recordings is an independent house-music record label owned by Marc Pomeroy and Brian Tappert. It releases soulful house records worldwide and is the owner of music download site Traxsource.com.

In 2017 Soulfuric was sold to Defected Ltd.

Defected Records
Defected Records, or simply Defected, is a British independent record label specialising in house music recordings, compilation albums, events, publishing, artist bookings and management.

Defected is one of the longest running independent labels in the UK. Established in 1999 by Simon Dunmore in London, the label has played a significant role in the promotion and development of house music.