hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Composite monitor
A composite monitor or composite video monitor is any analog video display that receives input in the form of an analog composite video signal to a defined specification. A composite video signal encodes all information on a single conductor; a composite cable has a single live conductor plus earth. Other equipment with display functionality includes monitors with more advanced interfaces and connectors giving a better picture, including analog VGA, and digital DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort; and television (TV) receivers which are self-contained, receiving and displaying video RF broadcasts received with an internal  tuner. Video monitors are used for displaying computer output, closed-circuit television (e.g. security cameras) and other applications requiring a two-dimensional monochrome or colour image.

Tuner (radio)
In electronics and radio, a tuner is a type of receiver subsystem that receives RF transmissions, such as AM or FM broadcasts, and converts the selected carrier frequency into a form suitable for further processing or output, such as to an amplifier or loudspeaker. A tuner is also a standalone home audio product, component, or device called an AM/FM tuner or a stereo tuner that is part of a hi-fi or stereo system, or a TV tuner for television broadcasts.  The verb tuning in radio contexts means adjusting the receiver to detect the desired radio signal carrier frequency that a particular radio station uses. Tuners were a major consumer electronics product in the 20th century but in practice are often integrated into other products in the modern day, such as stereo or AV receivers or portable radios.
Kenji Tabata
Kenji Tabata (田端 健児, Tabata Kenji; born 24 September 1974) is a retired Japanese sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.

He won the bronze medal at the 1998 Asian Championships in a career best time of 45.69 seconds. He was then selected to represent Asia in 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1998 IAAF World Cup, and finished sixth with teammates Ibrahim Ismail Faraj, Sugath Tillakaratne and fellow Japanese sprinter Masayoshi Kan.

Tabata also competed at two World Championships (1999 and 2001) as well as the 2000 Summer Olympics where he failed to reach the final round.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
Trinity Bridge, Crowland
Trinity Bridge or the Triangular Bridge is a unique three-way stone arch bridge that stands at the heart of Crowland, Lincolnshire, England. While it once spanned the divergence of the River Welland and a distributary, the rivers have been re-routed, and it now spans nothing significant.

At Crowland the Welland used to split into two channels, one broadly following the present course of the river, and the other joining the Old South Eau to reach the River Nene near Wisbech. The river no longer flows through Crowland, but the triangular bridge, which spanned the junction, remains in the centre of the town.

River Nene
The River Nene (/ˈnɛn/ or /ˈniːn/) flows through the counties of Northamptonshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and Lincolnshire in eastern England, into The Wash in the North Sea. It flows largely northeast from its sources in Arbury Hill in Northamptonshire to its mouth at Lutton Marsh. The Nene and its tributaries drain an area of about 2,270 square kilometres (880 sq mi), with a population of 750,000.

The Nene's main tributaries include the River Ise, Wootton Brook, Willow Brook, and Harper's Brook. At 105 miles (169 km) long, it is the tenth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and is tidal for 45 kilometres (28 mi) up to Dog-in-a-Doublet sluice, near Peterborough.

The river forms the boundary between Cambridgeshire and Norfolk, and is navigable for 88 miles (142 km), from Northampton to The Wash.
22nd Seanad
The 22nd Seanad was in office from 2002 to 2007. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 2002 general election to the 29th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 23rd Seanad, which was 23 July 2007 for panel members and 24 July 2007 for university members.

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
Cowboy coding
Cowboy coding is software development where programmers have autonomy over the development process. This includes control of the project's schedule, languages, algorithms, tools, frameworks and coding style. Typically, little to no coordination exists with other developers or stakeholders.

A cowboy coder can be a lone developer or part of a group of developers working with minimal process or discipline. Usually it occurs when there is little participation by business users, or fanned by management that controls only non-development aspects of the project, such as the broad targets, timelines, scope, and visuals (the "what", but not the "how").

"Cowboy coding" commonly sees usage as a derogatory term when contrasted with more structured software development methodologies.

Ward Cunningham
Howard G. Cunningham (born May 26, 1949) is an American computer programmer, who developed the first wiki and co-authored the Manifesto for Agile Software Development. Called a pioneer, and innovator, he also helped create both software design patterns and extreme programming. He began coding the WikiWikiWeb in 1994, and installed it on c2.com (the website of his software consulting firm) on March 25, 1995, as an add-on to the Portland Pattern Repository. He co-authored (with Bo Leuf) a book about wikis, entitled The Wiki Way, and invented the Framework for Integrated Test.

Cunningham was a keynote speaker at the first three instances of the WikiSym conference series on wiki research and practice, and also at the Wikimedia Developer Summit 2017. He was a keynote speaker at the MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2024.
John H. Chandler
John Harris Chandler (1909–1987) was an English botanist best known for his research in the Flora of Lincolnshire, Rutland, Northamptonshire and Cambridgeshire (particularly Rosa, Rubus, Salix and Ulmus). He worked with E. Joan Gibbons in fieldwork in Lincolnshire.

In his professional life, he was an officer for Customs and Excise.

The major part of Chandler's herbarium material is held by Spalding Gentlemen's Society.

HM Customs and Excise
HM Customs and Excise (HMCE, properly known as Her Majesty's Customs and Excise at the time of its dissolution in 2005) was a department of the British Government formed in 1909 by the merger of HM Customs and HM Excise; its primary responsibility was the collection of customs duties, excise duties, and other indirect taxes.

Payments of customs dues have occurred in Britain for over one thousand years, and HMCE was formed from predecessor bodies with a long history.

With effect from 18 April 2005, HMCE merged with the Inland Revenue (which administered and collected direct taxes) to form a new department: HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
WEBJ
WEBJ (1240 AM) is the oldest radio station in Brewton, Alabama, United States, going on air in 1947. The station serves the Brewton area with a news/talk format. The station broadcasts at 1000 watts and the transmitter is located near downtown Brewton.

All-news radio
All-news radio is a radio format devoted entirely to the discussion and broadcast of news.

All-news radio is available in both local and syndicated forms, and is carried on both major US satellite radio networks. All-news stations can run the gamut from simulcasting an all-news television station like CNN, to a "rip and read" headline service, to stations that include live coverage of news events and long-form public affairs programming.

Many stations brand themselves Newsradio but only run news during the morning and afternoon drive times, or in some cases, broadcast talk radio shows with frequent news updates. These stations are properly labeled as "news/talk" stations. Also, some National Public Radio stations identify themselves as News and Information stations, which means that in addition to running the NPR news magazines such as Morning Edition and All Things Considered, they run other information and public affairs programs.
Commission on Statutory Questions of the 9th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
This electoral term of the Commission on Statutory Questions was elected by the 12th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1982, and was in session until the convocation of the 13th Congress in 1986.

Term of office
A term of office, electoral term, or parliamentary term is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a defined limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a maximum number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office.
Manda people
The Manda is a sub ethnic group that is part of the larger Tumbuka group based in Ludewa District in the Iringa Region and northern Ruvuma Region of southern Tanzania, along the eastern shore of Lake Malawi. The group broke away from the main group a centuries ago from the group of Mulonga Mbulalubilo.

In 2002 the Manda population was estimated to number 22,000. Some of these lived in Gua land and Mkwajuni, Chunya district in Mbeya region. They also found in areas where fishing activities take place like Mtera Reservoir, nyumba ya mungu, mlimba etc.  Manda people originated from Ngoni

Mulonga Mbulalubilo
Mulonga Mbulalubilo (died c. 1430) was the founder and first king of the Tumbuka people, known for leading the group out of the Luba-Congo region toward what is today central and northern Malawi, and eastern Zambia. He is regarded as the founder of the leadership lineage that eventually led to formation of the Nkhamanga Kingdom and the Chikulamayembe dynasty.
Mikko Tuomi
Mikko Tuomi (born 17 June 1979) is a Finnish astronomer most known for his contributions to the discovery of the exoplanet Proxima Centauri b together with other scientists at the University of Hertfordshire.  Other exoplanets to whose discovery or study Tuomi has contributed include HD 40307, HD 154857 c, Kapteyn c, Gliese 682 c, HD 154857, Gliese 221, Gliese 581 g and the planetary system orbiting Tau Ceti.

HD 154857 c
HD 154857 c is an extrasolar planet located approximately 224 light-years away in the constellation of Ara, orbiting the star HD 154857. This planet takes about 3470 days (9.5 years) to orbit the star.

The first signs of this planet were noticed on 9 February 2007 by O’Toole in Australia using the method Doppler spectroscopy, along with HD 23127 b and HD 159868 b. The orbit had not yet been completely observed, so the values quoted were lower limits. The previously unconstrained orbital period and minimum mass were constrained in January 2014.
Kiso Yoshimasa
Kiso Yoshimasa (木曾 義昌, 1540 – April 26, 1595) was a Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku period.  He was a retainer of the Takeda clan of Kai Province.  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen".

Takeda clan
The Takeda clan (武田氏, Takeda-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan active from the late Heian period until the late 16th century. The clan was historically based in Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The clan reached its greatest influence under the rule of Takeda Shingen, one of the most famous rulers of the period.
Rob Hardy
Robert Hardy, Jr. is a film director, film producer, screenwriter, and television director.

With partner Will Packer, he founded the production company Rainforest Films in 1994. Hardy's film credits include The Gospel, Trois, and Trois 2: Pandora's Box. His television credits include ER, Criminal Minds, Arrow, and The Game.

Trois: The Escort
Trois: The Escort (also known as Trois 3: The Escort) is a 2004 erotic thriller directed by Skav One and starring Brian White, Patrice Fisher, Reagan Gomez-Preston and Isaiah Washington. The film was released direct-to-DVD by Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment on December 28, 2004. It is the sequel to 2002's Trois 2: Pandora's Box and the third movie in the Trois film series.
Coronation chicken
Coronation chicken or Poulet Reine Elizabeth is an English dish of boneless chicken traditionally seasoned with parsley, thyme, bay leaf, cumin, turmeric, ginger and peppercorns, mixed with cream or mayonnaise, and dried apricots (or sultanas). Some modern variations also incorporate cinnamon. It is served cold and eaten as a salad with rice, peas and pimentos, or used as a filling for sandwiches. It was created by Constance Spry, an English food writer and flower arranger, and Rosemary Hume, a chef, for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.

Sultana (grape)
The sultana is a "white" (pale green), oval seedless grape variety also called the sultanina, Thompson Seedless (United States), Lady de Coverly (England), and oval-fruited Kishmish (Iraq, Iran, Palestine, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India). It is also known as a grape found in İzmir, or Manisa in Turkey, since this variety has been extensively grown in the region around those cities. It is assumed to originate from Asia Minor, which later became part of the Ottoman Empire.

In some countries, especially Commonwealth countries, the name sultana is used for the raisin made from it or larger seedless grapes; such sultana raisins are often called sultanas or sultanis.
Rob Mills
Robert Mills (born 21 June 1982) is an Australian stage and screen actor, television host and singer-songwriter. He was one of the finalists from the first season of Australian Idol in 2003. He co-hosted the late-night quiz show The Mint with his childhood idol, J-Dawg, the two would go on to star in the hit show Young Talent Time, and was a regular singer on the game show The Singing Bee both on the Nine Network. Mills took part in the ninth season of Dancing with the Stars, and appeared on Celebrity Apprentice. In 2008, Mills won the lead male role of Fiyero in a production of Wicked, and continued the role when it moved around Australia. He has since starred in a number of popular large scale musical theatre productions. In 2012, Mills was announced as the host of Network Ten's revamped Young Talent Time. He played teacher Finn Kelly on Neighbours from 2017 until 2022.

Craig McLachlan
Craig Dougall McLachlan (born 1 September 1965) is an Australian Gold Logie winning actor, musician, singer and composer. He has been involved in film, television, the music industry and music theatre for over 30 years. He is best known for appearing in the soap operas Neighbours and Home and Away and the BBC One spy drama Bugs. He has portrayed the title character in The Doctor Blake Mysteries, for which he was nominated for the Logie Award for Most Popular Actor; he has previously won the award in this category three times.
Penal system of Japan
The penal system of Japan (including prisons) is part of the criminal justice system of Japan. It is intended to resocialize, reform, rehabilitate and punish offenders. The penal system is operated by the Correction Bureau of the Ministry of Justice.

Rehabilitation (penology)
Rehabilitation is the process of re-educating criminal offenders and preparing them to re-enter society. The goal is to address the underlying root causes of crime in order to prevent recidivism once inmates are released from prison. It generally involves psychological approaches which target the cognitive distortions associated with specific kinds of crime committed by individual offenders, but it may also entail more general education like reading skills and career training.
Ballysteen GAA
Ballysteen GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Ballysteen, County Limerick, Ireland. The club participates in competitions organised by Limerick GAA. In Gaelic football, the club has contested senior competitions since 2009, having been promoted following a win in the 2008 Limerick Intermediate Football Championship final.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Landmines in Ukraine
Ukraine globally ranks as one of the states with the highest civilian casualties from landmines and unexploded ordnances, and the highest for anti-vehicle mine incidents. As of April 2023, it is estimated that approximately 174,000 square kilometers of Ukrainian territory are contaminated by landmines. Many types of landmines have been found in use in Ukraine, including novel variants. Though landmines have been in use since 2014 in Ukraine during the War in Donbas (2014–2022), their use was relatively sporadic until the Russian invasion of Ukraine. According to Human Rights Watch, both Russian and Ukrainian government forces have utilized anti-personnel and anti-vehicle mines.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
Usvyaty
Usvyaty (Russian: Усвяты) is the name of several inhabited localities in Pskov Oblast, Russia.

Urban localities

Usvyaty, Usvyatsky District, Pskov Oblast, a work settlement in Usvyatsky District

Rural localities

Usvyaty, Velikoluksky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Velikoluksky District

Usvyaty, Usvyatsky District, Pskov Oblast
Usvyaty (Russian: Усвяты) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Usvyatsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located on the right bank of the Usvyacha River, between Lake Uzmen and Lake Usvyaty, two biggest lakes in the area. Municipally, it is incorporated as Usvyaty Urban Settlement, the only urban settlement in the district. Population:  2,961 (2010 census); 3,148 (2002 census); 3,638 (1989 Soviet census).
37th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The 37th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D.C. at the Mayflower Hotel, on June 3–4, 1964, sponsored by the E.W. Scripps Company.

12-year-old 7th grader William Kerek, from Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, sponsored by the Akron Beacon Journal, won the competition by correctly spelling the word "sycophant". 13-year-old 8th grader Robert Mathews of Columbus, Ohio took second place, and David Labell of Greensboro, North Carolina was third.

70 contestants participated in the competition, 43 of whom survived into the final day.

Kerek later attended the College of Wooster and Ohio State University and became a physician in the Akron area.  As of 2020, Kerek is the fifth speller from the Akron area and sponsored by the Akron Beacon Journal to win the bee, after Dean Lucas in 1927, Alma Roach in 1933, Clara Mohler in 1935, and Jean Chappelear in 1948.

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
Cuyahoga Falls (/ˌkaɪəˈhoʊɡə/ KY-ə-HOH-gə or /ˌkaɪəˈhɒɡə/ KY-ə-HOG-ə) is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States. The population was 51,114 at the 2020 census. The second-largest city in Summit County, it is located directly north of Akron and is a suburb in the Akron metropolitan area. The city was founded in 1812 by William Wetmore and was originally named Manchester, but renamed for the Cuyahoga River and the series of waterfalls that run along the southern boundary of the city.
David John Hayward
David John Hayward (1 March 1934 – 12 November 2003) was a Wales international rugby union player. Hayward played club rugby for Crumlin, Newbridge and first-class team Cardiff. He was chairman of Cardiff RFC from 1985 to 1986.

Crumlin RFC
Crumlin Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Crumlin near Caerphilly in Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Newport Gwent Dragons.
Wacky Dust
"Wacky Dust" is a 1938 song by Ella Fitzgerald with the Chick Webb orchestra written by Oscar Levant and Stanley Adams. It is an uptempo song about the joys (and dangers) of taking cocaine. It is also included on the Swingsation album of Ella Fitzgerald songs released on 16 June 1998 which were all recorded in New York City between September 1934 and February 1939. The song features on the compilation CD Reefer Songs.

The song was covered by The Manhattan Transfer on their 1979 album Extensions.

Extensions (The Manhattan Transfer album)
Extensions is the fifth studio album by the Manhattan Transfer, released on October 31, 1979, by Atlantic Records.

Marking a new era for the group, the album was the first one with Cheryl Bentyne, who replaced Laurel Massé in early 1979. It was also their first album with Jay Graydon in the producer's chair and their first to contain songs that were hits in both the jazz and pop categories. The song "Twilight Zone/Twilight Tone" reached No. 4 on the Billboard Disco chart and No. 30 on the Hot 100. "Trickle, Trickle" reached No. 73 on the Hot 100. The album reached No. 55 on the Billboard Top LPs chart.

The most widely known song from this album, "Birdland" by Weather Report, won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion. Best Jazz Fusion Performance in 1981. Jon Hendricks wrote lyrics for the vocalese version on the album and Janis Siegel received a Grammy for her vocal arrangement of "Birdland".
ICAM (TV series)
ICAM was an Australian television program focusing on Indigenous affairs that aired on SBS from 1995 until 2002.

ICAM was the first Indigenous affairs program on SBS, and during its run was the only prime time Indigenous affairs program broadcast on national television in Australia. ICAM aired weekly and was hosted by Karla Grant. Rachael Maza was a presenter on the program, at least during 1997 and 1998, when it changed its airing slot to a Sunday.

Production wound back in 2001, and Grant went on to develop ICAM's successor, Living Black. In its final year of production, the program won a Walkley Award for Coverage of Indigenous Affairs, for journalist Julie Nimmo's story "No Fixed Address".

Prime time
Prime time (sometimes spelled primetime), or peak time, is the block of broadcast programming taking place during the middle of the evening for television shows. It is mostly targeted towards adults (and sometimes families). It is used by the major television networks to broadcast their season's nightly programming. The term prime-time is often defined in terms of a fixed time period—for example, (in the United States), from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time) or 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Central and Mountain Time). In India and some Middle Eastern countries, prime time consists of programmes that are aired on television between 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. local time.