hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penicillium decumbens
Penicillium decumbens is an anamorph species of the genus of Penicillium which occurs widespread in nature, mainly in subtropical and tropical soil but it also occurs in food. Analysis have shown that Penicillium decumbens has antibiotic activity Penicillium decumbens produces the cyclopentenone cyclopenicillone

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Duchy of Wieluń
Duchy of Wieluń was a district principality and a fiefdom within the Kingdom of Poland. It was formed in 1370 from part of the Kingdom of Poland, and existed until 1391 when it was incorporated back into it. The country was located in Wieluń Land with Wieluń as its capital. Its only ruler was Vladislaus II of Opole of Silesian Piast dynasty.

District (Poland)
District is a term used in Poland, to denote regions and jurisdictions of various types, including electoral constituencies. As historical administrative subdivisions of Poland, districts existed in the later part of the Congress Poland period, from 1842, when the name was applied to the former countiess.

Districts were also created temporarily from 1945 to 1946, in the areas annexed to Poland from Germany as a result of the Soviet military advance. A district was then subdivided into obwody. These okręgi were later replaced by voivodeships, and the obwódy by counties.
Barry Adamson
Barry Adamson (born 11 June 1958) is an English rock musician. He came to prominence in the late 1970s as a member of the post-punk band Magazine and went on to work with Visage, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, and the electro musicians Pan Sonic. In addition to prolific solo work, Adamson has also remixed Grinderman, The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Recoil and Depeche Mode. He also worked on the soundtrack for David Lynch's surrealistic crime film Lost Highway.

Pan Sonic
Pan Sonic, previously known as Panasonic, was a Finnish electronic music duo which was founded in Turku in 1993 and which dissolved in 2009. They consisted throughout the duo's run of Mika Vainio and Ilpo Väisänen, with Sami Salo as an initial member and Jari Lehtinen as a later member.
Lamontichthys llanero
Lamontichthys llanero, the royal whiptail or cowboy whiptail catfish, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. This catfish is found in Colombia and Venezuela in tributaries of the Orinoco. This species grows to a standard length of 20.2 cm (8.0 in).

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Priznachnoye
Priznachnoye (Russian: Призначное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Priznachenskoye Rural Settlement, Prokhorovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 615 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Prokhorovsky District
Prokhorovsky District (Russian: Про́хоровский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Prokhorovsky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,378.7 square kilometers (532.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Prokhorovka. Population: 27,106 (2021 Census); 30,094 (2010 Census); 31,847 (2002 Census); 29,505 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Prokhorovka accounts for 36.1% of the district's total population.
Pístina
Pístina is a municipality and village in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. The historic centre of the village is well preserved and is protected as a village monument zone.

Pístina lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Jindřichův Hradec, 31 km (19 mi) east of České Budějovice, and 120 km (75 mi) south of Prague.

Jindřichův Hradec
Jindřichův Hradec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪndr̝ɪxuːf ˈɦradɛts] ⓘ; German: Neuhaus) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 21,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
The People, Yes
The People, Yes is a book-length poem written by Carl Sandburg and published in 1936. The 300 page work is thoroughly interspersed with references to American culture, phrases, and stories (such as the legend of Paul Bunyan). Published at the height of the Great Depression, the work lauds the perseverance of the American people in notably plain-spoken language. It was written over an eight-year period. It is Sandburg’s last major book of poetry.

Carl Sandburg
Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor.  He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg was widely regarded as "a major figure in contemporary literature", especially for volumes of his collected verse, including Chicago Poems (1916), Cornhuskers (1918), and Smoke and Steel (1920). He enjoyed "unrivaled appeal as a poet in his day, perhaps because the breadth of his experiences connected him with so many strands of American life". When he died in 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson observed that "Carl Sandburg was more than the voice of America, more than the poet of its strength and genius. He was America."
Porta Nuova (Palermo)
Porta Nuova is a monumental city gate of Palermo. It represents the entrance of the Cassaro (the main and most ancient street of the city) from Corso Calatafimi (the way to Monreale) and is located beside Palazzo dei Normanni, royal palace of Palermo. The gate was built to celebrate Charles V's conquest of Tunis (1535) and his visit to the capital of the Kingdom of Sicily.

Monreale
Monreale (/ˌmɒnriˈæl/; Italian pronunciation: [monreˈaːle]; Sicilian: Murriali) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily, Southern Italy. It is located 310 meters (1017.06 ft) above the sea level on the slope of Mount Caputo, a small promontory overlooking the valley of Palermo, from which it is approximately 7 km (4 miles) to the south.

The town developed on a site used by the Norman kings for hunting. They built a royal palace there, hence the name Mons Regalis. The city gained great importance when king William II of Sicily built Monreale Cathedral with the adjoining Benedictine monastery. In 1183, it became the seat of the archbishop.

Monreale forms its own archdiocese. Its cathedral is one of several buildings named in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a group of nine inscribed as Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale.
Downham Rural District
Downham Rural District was a rural district in Norfolk, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 based on the Downham rural sanitary district.  It completely encircled Downham Market Urban District.

In 1930 a new parish of Nordelph was created in Downham RD, taking land mostly out of the Marshland RD parish of Upwell.

Several changes were made to its boundaries in 1935. In particular, it took in four large (in area terms) parishes from the disbanded Thetford Rural District.

In 1974, the district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, and became part of the West Norfolk district, renamed King's Lynn and West Norfolk in 1981.

Upwell
Upwell is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. Upwell village is on the A1101 road, as is Outwell, its conjoined village at the north. The nearest towns are Wisbech to the north-west and Downham Market to the east.

Three Holes is a hamlet in the parish of Upwell. The parish covers an area of 27.65 km2 (10.68 sq mi) and had a population of 2,456 in 1,033 households at the 2001 census, increasing to 2,750 at the 2011 Census. And most recently, In the 2021 census the population has nearly doubled to 4,734.
Julien Desrosiers
Julien Desrosiers (born October 14, 1980) is a Canadian-French former ice hockey player. He played in French Ligue Magnus for the Diables Noirs de Tours, the Diables Rouges de Briançon, the Dragons de Rouen and the Boxers de Bordeaux. He represented France in ten Ice Hockey World Championships. He is currently head coach for the Drummondville Voltigeurs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL).

Boxers de Bordeaux
The Boxers de Bordeaux are a professional ice hockey team founded in 1998 and based in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Since 2015, they have been playing at the highest level of the French hockey pyramid, the Ligue Magnus. The team is partly owned by a group of Canadian investors, which includes famed player and coach Patrick Roy.
Hefei West railway station
Hefei West railway station (Chinese: 合肥西站; pinyin: Héféi xī zhàn) is a railway station under construction in Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, China. The west side of the station building is expected to be completed in 2023, while the entire station is expected to be completed in 2025.

Shushan, Hefei
Shushan District (simplified Chinese: 蜀山区; traditional Chinese: 蜀山區; pinyin: Shǔshān Qū) is one of four urban districts and the municipal seat of the prefecture-level city of Hefei, the capital of Anhui Province, East China. The district has an area of 261.36 km2 (100.91 sq mi) and a population of 1,022,321 inhabitants as of the 2010 Census. It contains 8 subdistricts and two towns.
Ivan Novikov
Ivan Fyodorovich Novikov (Russian: Иван Фёдорович Новиков; 12 September 1925 – 12 December 2016) was a Soviet and Russian surgeon and urologist. In 1962 Novikov proposed an endovesical procaine blockade of the ureteric orifice during kidney stone disease. In 1970 he patented a device to remove stones from the ureter.

Calculus (medicine)
A calculus (pl.: calculi), often called a stone, is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. Formation of calculi is known as lithiasis (/ˌlɪˈθaɪəsɪs/). Stones can cause a number of medical conditions.

Some common principles (below) apply to stones at any location, but for specifics see the particular stone type in question.

Calculi are not to be confused with gastroliths, which are ingested rather than grown endogenously.
Georgetown University Press
Georgetown University Press is a university press affiliated with Georgetown University that publishes about forty new books a year. The press's major subject areas include bioethics, international affairs, languages and linguistics, political science, public policy, and religion.

It was founded in 1964, and is a member of the Association of University Presses (AAUP) and a founding member of the Association of Jesuit University Presses (AJUP).

The press publishes the Al-Kitaab series, the most widely used set of Arabic language textbook series in the United States. It also publishes textbooks and digital materials for other languages including Spanish, Mandarin Chinese, Iraqi Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, Syrian Arabic, Portuguese, Tajik, and Uzbek.

University press
A  university press is an academic publishing house specializing in monographs and scholarly journals. They are often an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by scholars in the field. They produce mainly academic works but also often have trade books for a lay audience. These trade books also get peer reviewed. Many but not all university presses are nonprofit organizations, including the 160 members of the Association of University Presses.

Because scholarly books are mostly unprofitable, university presses may also publish textbooks and reference works, which tend to have larger audiences and sell more copies. Most university presses operate at a loss and are subsidized by their owners; others are required to break even. Demand has fallen as library budgets are cut and the online sales of used books undercut the new book market. Many presses are experimenting with electronic publishing.
Blake Hillman
Blake Hillman (born January 26, 1996) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman who plays for the Hartford Wolf Pack in the American Hockey League (AHL). Hillman was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks in the sixth round, 173rd overall, in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft.

Hartford Wolf Pack
The Hartford Wolf Pack are a professional ice hockey team based in Hartford, Connecticut. A member of the American Hockey League (AHL), they play their home games at the PeoplesBank Arena. The team was established in 1926 as the Providence Reds. After a series of relocations, the team moved to Hartford in 1997 as the Hartford Wolf Pack. It is one of the oldest professional hockey franchises in existence, and the oldest continuously operating minor league hockey franchise in North America.

The franchise was renamed the Connecticut Whale in October 2010, in honor of the former Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League (NHL), but reverted to their current name after the 2012–13 AHL season. The Wolf Pack is the top affiliate of the NHL's  New York Rangers and is one of the three professional hockey teams in Connecticut.
Tabar Group
The Tabar Group is an island group in Papua New Guinea, located 40 km (25 mi) north of New Ireland. It is a part of the Bismarck Archipelago. The Tabar group consists of a short chain of three main islands – Tabar Island (a.k.a. Big Tabar) in the south, Tatau Island in the center, and Simberi Island in the north – as well as a number of smaller offshore islets. The highest peak is Mount Beirari at 622 m (2,041 ft).

The population of the island group was 3,920 at the 2000 Census. The Tabar Group is administered by the Sentral Niu Ailan Rural Local Level Government (LLG), New Ireland Province.

The Tabar Group is the area of origin of Malagan art. The local language is Mandara (also known as Tabar), ISO 639-3 language code "tbf", an Austronesian language. Three dialects have been identified, Simberi, Tatau and Tabar.

Malagan
Malagan (also spelled malangan or malanggan) ceremonies are large, intricate traditional cultural events that take place in parts of New Ireland province in Papua New Guinea.  The word malagan refers to wooden carvings prepared for ceremonies and to an entire system of traditional culture.
Craig Paterson
Craig Paterson (born 2 October 1959)  is a Scottish former football player, who works as a pundit for BBC Radio Scotland and Sportscene.

The son of former Hibernian defender Jock Paterson, Paterson also played for the Edinburgh club until he was signed by Rangers for £200,000 in August 1982. He later played for Motherwell, Kilmarnock and Hamilton Academical, before ending his playing career at Scottish Junior club Glenafton from New Cumnock.

Paterson captained Rangers in the 1984/85 Scottish League Cup final and won the 1990–91 Scottish Cup with Motherwell. He has worked in the Scottish sports media since his retirement, initially with Radio Forth, before joining the BBC.

Radio Forth
Radio Forth is a group of two Independent Local Radio stations serving Edinburgh, Lothians and Fife. Radio Forth is owned and operated by Bauer, based at studios in Edinburgh and forms part of Bauer's Hits Radio network and Greatest Hits Radio network of local stations.
Holmside Hall
Holmside Hall is an early 19th-century farmhouse and equestrian centre at Holmside, Burnhope, County Durham, England.

The farm is built on the site of a medieval manor house which until 1570 was the home of Robert Tempest (High Sheriff of Durham in 1561). The family lost the manor by confiscation following his attainder for his part in the Rising of the North in 1569.

The site contains the remains of a medieval moat and the farm outbuildings contain walls and fragments of the medieval manor house. The farmhouse and outbuildings are Grade II listed buildings.

Holmside New Hall, sometimes known as Little Holmside, is a nearby 17th-century house one time home of the Whittingham family.

Burnhope
Burnhope is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England. It is located in the Craghead valley on the opposite side to Stanley and has 1,564 inhabitants, as measured in the 2011 census.   Burnhope overlooks Lanchester in the Browney Valley, roughly two miles to the west and Maiden Law is roughly two miles north.   Holmside is roughly two miles to the south east.
Andrew Brown (CNN journalist)
Andrew Brown  is a British journalist who spent most of his career in Hong Kong. He produced technology-related features for CNN, which he joined in 2000. He reported on humorous stories, like on machines which allegedly track women's hormonal cycles, translate animal sounds or control dreams. He has also reported on more serious topics like  computer passwords and Sars.
Previously, he reported on-air for CNBC Asia and TVB Pearl, both while based in Hong Kong.

In February 2010, he won almost £4.5 million in damages after having been paralysed at a UK hospital. A fundraising dinner was held for him in Hong Kong, where he worked for 15 years, in 2009.

CNBC Asia
CNBC Asia is a Singapore-based business news channel owned by Versant. It is a pan-Asian branch of the U.S.-based CNBC.

The channel launched on 20 June 1995 out of Hong Kong. In 1998, the channel merged with Dow Jones' Asia Business News and relocated to its facilities in Singapore. The network maintains bureaus across the Asia–Pacific region.
Dominick Napolitano
Dominick Napolitano (June 16, 1930 – August 17, 1981), also known as Sonny Black, was an American Mafia caporegime in the Bonanno crime family. He is known for unwittingly allowing FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone to become an associate in his crew and nearly having him become an inducted member of the family and Cosa Nostra.

Holiday, Florida
Holiday is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 24,939 as of the 2020 census.

In the early 1960s, William W. Boyd, president of First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Tarpon Springs, noted the name Holiday Drive on a map near the site of the proposed branch to be built in southwestern Pasco County and asked his board of directors to give the name to the new branch. Later Boyd began drumming up support to name the community Holiday.
Facebook Zero
Facebook Zero is an initiative undertaken by social networking service company Facebook in collaboration with mobile phone-based Internet providers, whereby the providers waive data (bandwidth) charges (also known as zero-rate) for accessing Facebook on phones via a stripped-down text-only version of its mobile website (as opposed to the ordinary mobile website m.facebook.com that also loads pictures). The stripped-down version is available online only through providers who have entered the agreement with Facebook. Photos are not loaded by default. Users may still choose to view them by clicking through but regular data charges apply to photo use.

Digicel
Digicel is a Jamaican-based Caribbean mobile phone network and home entertainment provider operating in 25 markets worldwide.

Digicel has operated in several countries, including Guyana, Fiji, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Samoa, St. Lucia, Suriname, and Jamaica.  In 2024 a group of U.S. private equity firms took over control of the company as part of debt restructuring.
Laigné-Saint-Gervais
Laigné-Saint-Gervais (French pronunciation: [lɛɲe sɛ̃ ʒɛʁvɛ]) is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. It was formed on 1 January 2025, with the merger of Laigné-en-Belin and Saint-Gervais-en-Belin.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire (French pronunciation: [pe.i d(ə) la lwaʁ]) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located on the country's Atlantic coast. It was created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital and most populated city, Nantes, one of a handful of French "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). In 2020, Pays de la Loire had a population of 3,832,120.
Reverend George B. Hitchcock House
The Reverend George B. Hitchcock House is a historic house museum in Cass County, Iowa, near the city of Lewis.  Built in 1856 by the Congregationalist minister George B. Hitchcock, it has features indicative of its use as a "station" on the Underground Railway, corroborated by documentary evidence of Hitchcock's involvement in the shelter and transport of escaped slaves.  It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2006. It now houses a museum.

Cass County, Iowa
Cass County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,127. Its county seat is Atlantic.  It was named to honor Lewis Cass, who was the 1848 Democratic nominee for president.
Michel Tronchay
Michel Tronchay (October 1668 – 30 October 1733) was a French Catholic priest, writer, philosopher, and the secretary of French historian Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont. After Tillemont's death, Tronchay completed and published volumes 6–16 of Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire ecclésiastique des six premiers siècles, a history of the first six centuries of the Christian church. He also completed and published the final volume 6 of Histoire des empereurs et autres princes qui ont régné pendant les six premiers siècles de l'Église, a history of the Roman Empire. That work was often cited by Edward Gibbon in his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

Tronchay published a biography of Tillemont in 1706, Idee de la vie et de T esprit de M. L. de Tillemont, and a history of Port-Royal-des-Champs Abbey titled Histoire abrégée de l'abbaye de PortRoyal.

Tronchay was born in Mayenne in October 1668. He died on 30 October 1733.

Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon FRS (/ˈɡɪbən/; 8 May 1737 – 16 January 1794) was a British essayist, historian and minor politician. His most important and influential work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1789, to critical and commercial success. It is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its polemical criticism of organized religion.
Hazardia (microsporidian)
Hazardia is a genus of microsporidians that parasite insects, with the type host being Culex pipiens. It is currently classified as incertae sedis within the order Amblyosporida of phylum Rozellomycota.

Rozellida
Cryptomycota   ('hidden fungi'), Rozellida, or Rozellomycota are a clade of micro-organisms that are either fungi or a sister group to fungi. They differ from classical fungi in that they lack chitinous cell walls at any trophic stage in their lifecycle, as reported by Jones and colleagues in 2011. Despite their unconventional phagocytic feeding habits (typical fungi are osmotrophic), chitin has been observed in the inner layer of resting spores, and in immature resting spores for some species of Rozella, as indicated with calcofluor-white stain as well as the presence of a fungal-specific chitin synthase gene.