hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Ghosts of London
The Ghosts Of London is a book written by Henry Vollam Morton ("H.V."), published in 1939 by Methuen & Co Limited in London. Far from being on the subject of ghosts and the supernatural, Morton's book is instead a sentimental portrait of historic London juxtaposed with contemporary (1930s) London. The book is made up of 30 short histories and anecdotes, likely collected from his work as a journalist.

Subjects profiled in the book include snuff, herb shops (including a recipe for making Aqua vitae), the London curfew, hansom cabs, lamplighters, Ely Place, the Royal Waxworks, the bells of St. Paul's Cathedral, Lambeth Palace, Big Ben and Huguenot weavers.

A dozen black-and-white photos appear in the original edition, mostly credited to the London Daily Herald.

Ely Place
51°31′7″N 0°6′25″W﻿ / ﻿51.51861°N 0.10694°W﻿ / 51.51861; -0.10694

Ely Place /ˈiːli/ ⓘ is a gated road of multi-storey terraces at the southern tip of the London Borough of Camden in London, England. It hosts a 1773-rebuilt public house, Ye Olde Mitre, of Tudor origin and is adjacent to Hatton Garden.

It is privately managed by its own body of commissioners and beadles.

Ely Place sits on the site of the London residence of the Bishops of Ely, who regularly lived there between 1290 and 1772. The bishop's palace and surrounding land was then sold and redeveloped into Ely Place, with only the bishop's medieval chapel being preserved.
Aaron ben Moses ben Asher
Aaron ben Moses ben Asher (Hebrew: אַהֲרוֹן בֶּן משֶׁה בֶּן אָשֵׁר, romanized: ʾAhăron ben Moše ben ʾĀšēr; 10th century, died c. 960) was a sofer (Jewish scribe) who lived in Tiberias. He perfected the Tiberian system of writing vowel sounds in Hebrew. The system is still in use today, serving as the basis for grammatical analysis.

Tiberian vocalization
The Tiberian vocalization, Tiberian pointing, or Tiberian niqqud (Hebrew: הַנִּקּוּד הַטְּבֶרְיָנִי‎, romanized: hanniqquḏ haṭṭəḇeryāni) is a system of diacritics (niqqud) devised by the Masoretes of Tiberias to add to the consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible to produce the Masoretic Text. The system soon became used to vocalize other Hebrew texts as well.

Tiberian vocalization marks vowels and stress, distinguishes consonant quality and length, and serves as punctuation. While the Tiberian system was devised for Tiberian Hebrew, it has become the dominant system for vocalizing all forms of Hebrew. It has long since eclipsed the comparatively rudimentary Babylonian and Palestinian vocalization systems for writing Biblical Hebrew.
William S. Gubelmann
William S. Gubelmann (1863 – September 26, 1959) was an American inventor who held about 5000 patents, invented adding machines, accounting machines and cash registers. Popular Mechanics called Gubelmann “the father of all calculating machines in use today”.
The New York Times said that his inventions "formed the basis of the business machine industry".

Accounting machine
An accounting machine, or bookkeeping machine or recording-adder, was generally a calculator and printer combination tailored for a specific commercial activity such as billing, payroll, or ledger.  Accounting machines were widespread from the early 1900s to 1980s, but were rendered obsolete by the availability of low-cost computers such as the IBM PC.

This type of machine is generally distinct from unit record equipment (some unit record tabulating machines were also called "accounting machines").
Curcuma graminifolia
Curcuma graminifolia is a species of flowering plant in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is a rhizomatous geophyte endemic to Laos.

The species was first described as Laosanthus graminifolius in 2001, and placed in the monotypic genus Laosanthus. In 2015 it was placed in genus Curcuma as Curcuma graminifolia.

Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae, the ginger family, is a family of flowering plants containing 58 genera and about 1600 described species distributed globally in the tropics and subtropics. They are aromatic perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes, sometimes tuberous. Basal leaf sheathing forms a pseudostem taller than their true stems which emerge unbranched. Flowers are typically zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) and inflorescence is raceme. Fruit is typically a dry capsule and seeds are arillate.

Ancient fossils and phylogenetics indicate the Zingiberaceae evolved in Africa during the mid-Cretaceous period. The dispersal of these plants across Asia, the Americas, and Australia followed the expansion of tropical rain forest habitat soon after this period.
Esther Seager
Esther Seager (1835 – 16 March 1911) was a notable New Zealand prison matron and asylum matron. She was born in Charfield, Gloucestershire, England in about 1835.

Esther's husband Edward Seager was superintendent of the Lyttelton Gaol, and Esther the matron. In 1863 the two were appointed to Sunnyside Lunatic Asylum, where they remained until their retirement in 1887.

Esther died on the 16 March 1911 at the residence of her son-in-law FC Hawley in Christchurch.

Charfield
Charfield is a village and civil parish in South Gloucestershire, England, south-west of Wotton-under-Edge near the Little Avon River and the villages of Falfield and Cromhall. The parish includes the hamlet of Churchend.
Ginkgoaceae
The Ginkgoaceae are a family of gymnosperms which appeared during the Mesozoic Era, of which the only extant representative is Ginkgo biloba, which is for this reason sometimes regarded as a living fossil. Formerly, however, there were several other genera, and forests of ginkgo existed. Because leaves can take such diverse forms within a single species, these are a poor measure of diversity, although differing structures of wood point to the existence of diverse ginkgo forests in ancient times.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is an American partnership of federal agencies designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ITIS was originally formed in 1996 as an interagency group within the US federal government, involving several US federal agencies, and has now become an international body, with Canadian and Mexican government agencies participating. The database draws from a large community of taxonomic experts. Primary content staff are housed at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and IT services are provided by a US Geological Survey facility in Denver. The primary focus of ITIS is North American species, but many biological groups exist worldwide and ITIS collaborates with other agencies to increase its global coverage.
Archie Battersbee case
Hollie Dance and Paul Battersbee vs Barts Health NHS Trust and another was a legal case in the United Kingdom that was the subject of several court hearings between April and August 2022. The case centred around whether or not to withdraw the life support of Archie Battersbee a 12-year-old boy who was found unconscious and subsequently considered to have suffered brainstem death.

The courts ruled in favour of Barts Health NHS Trust, and against his parents, and allowed his life support to be withdrawn. Battersbee died on 6 August 2022 shortly after his life support was ended, four months after he was first found unconscious. His cause of death was later ruled to be "catastrophic hypoxic ischemic brain injury, secondary to strangulation" as a result of an accident due to a failed prank or experiment. Early claims of a link to the TikTok "blackout challenge" were later dismissed due to a lack of evidence.

Children Act 1989
The Children Act 1989 (c. 41) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that received royal assent on 16 November 1989 and came into substantial force across all three jurisdictions of the United Kingdom on 14 October 1991. In 1995, for the purposes of devolution, the Act was replaced by parallel legislation in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In 2016, Part III of the Act was replaced in Wales.

The Act is described as the most substantial reforms to children's law of the 20th century.

The Act allocates duties to local authorities, courts, parents, and other agencies in the United Kingdom, to ensure children are safeguarded and their welfare is promoted. It centres on the idea that children are best cared for within their own families; however, it also makes provisions for instances when parents and families do not co-operate with statutory bodies.
Ostrów, Gmina Aleksandrów
Ostrów [ˈɔstruf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Aleksandrów, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 62 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. It is also the smallest village of Gmina Aleksandrów.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Robert Gasper
Robert Gasper (born October 1, 1958 in Humboldt, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian luge athlete who competed in doubles luge from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s.

Competing in three Winter Olympics (1988, 1992, 1994), Gasper earned his best finish of eighth (tied with Ukraine) in the men's Luge at the doubles event at Lillehammer, Norway in the 1994 Winter Olympics.

Gasper married Betty Smith in 1988 in Lloydminster, Alberta.  They live in Calgary,  Alberta.
He has one son.

Lloydminster
Lloydminster is a city in Canada which has the unusual geographic distinction of straddling the provincial border between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city is incorporated by both provinces as a single city with a single municipal administration.
John C. Woodson
John Chesterfield Woodson (December 25, 1823 – April 24, 1875) was a nineteenth-century American lawyer and politician from Virginia. Two earlier distantly related men of the same name had served in the Virginia General Assembly: John Woodson Sr. represented Goochland County before the Revolutionary War in the House of Burgesses and in two Revolutionary Conventions and married Dorothea Randolph, the aunt of future president Thomas Jefferson) and John Woodson Jr. another represented Cumberland County in the Virginia House of Delegates between 1788 and 1791.

Pendleton County, West Virginia
Pendleton County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,143, making it the second-least populous county in West Virginia. Its county seat is Franklin. The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1788 from parts of Augusta, Hardy, and Rockingham counties and was named for Edmund Pendleton (1721–1803), a distinguished Virginia statesman and jurist.

Spruce Knob, located in Pendleton County, is the highest point in the state and in the Alleghenies, its elevation being 4,863 feet. Parts of the Monongahela and George Washington National Forests are also located in Pendleton County.
Currall
Currall is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Currall (born 1964), British artist

Eliza Currall (1855–1927), English watercress grower and entrepreneur

Steven C. Currall, American psychological scientist and academic administrator

Eliza James
Eliza James (30 September 1855 – 26 September 1927) was an English watercress grower and entrepreneur, known as the Watercress Queen of Covent Garden. Her watercress business was the largest watercress company of the time in Europe.
Klaudia Taev Competition
The Klaudia Taev Competition is a competition for young opera singers. It is the main event of the Pärnu Opera Music Festival PromFest. The Competition has been named after a local legendary singing teacher Klaudia Taev. The first Competition was held in the year 1996 and since 2001 it takes place biannually.

The main prize of the competition is the proposal to sing the main opera role in opera production, which is selected at the request of the winner of the competition.

Among others Barbara Hendricks, Edda Moser, Dolora Zajick, Yevgeny Nesterenko, Teresa Żylis-Gara, Ileana Cotrubas, Vesselina Kasarova, Maria Guleghina, Karan Armstrong, Luana DeVol, Cynthia Makris, Sergei Leiferkus and Irina Arkhipova have been the jury members of the Klaudia Taev Competition.

Irina Arkhipova
Irina Konstantinovna Arkhipova (née Vetoshkina, 2 January 1925 – 11 February 2010) was a Soviet and Russian mezzo-soprano, and later contralto, opera singer. She sang leading roles first in Russia at the Sverdlovsk Opera and the Bolshoi Theatre, and then throughout Europe and in the United States. People's Artist of the USSR (1966) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1984).
Settle: The Remixes
Settle: The Remixes is a remix album by English electronic music duo Disclosure. The album predominantly features remixes of tracks from their debut studio album, Settle. It also includes the Sam Smith, Nile Rodgers and Jimmy Napes collaboration, "Together", released on 25 November 2013 as a single, and the track, "Apollo", which featured uncredited vocals by Natalie Duncan. It was released on 17 December 2013 in the United States.

The UK edition, titled Settle (Special Edition), combines the remix album with the deluxe edition of Settle and also includes three remixes from the Control EP. The special edition was released on 16 December 2013, by Island Records. Eventually, the Mary J. Blige remix of "F for You" was also added after being re-released on 5 March 2014.

F for You
"F for You" is a song by British electronic music duo Disclosure. The track is the fourth single from the duo's debut studio album, Settle. It is the first single from the album not to feature a guest vocalist, and features vocals from Howard instead.
Juan José Cobo
Juan José Cobo Acebo (born 21 February 1981 in Torrelavega, Cantabria) is a retired Spanish professional road racing cyclist. He won the 2011 Vuelta a España as a Geox–TMC rider, his first and only major title but in July 2019 he was stripped of this title after being found guilty of doping by the UCI. He was considered a climber who also is able to time trial.

On 13 June 2019, the UCI stated that Cobo had been found guilty of a doping violation, based on his biological passport data.

2009 Vuelta a España
The 2009 Vuelta a España was the 64th Vuelta a España. The event took place from 29 August to 20 September 2009. For only the second time in the race's history, it began away from Spanish soil, with the race not in fact reaching Spain until Stage 5.

The 2009 Vuelta has been described as having an easy start and a hard finish. This is because of the short individual time trial and three perfectly flat stages in the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium (along with another in Spain in the race's first week), and eight of the final fourteen stages being mountain stages, with four mountaintop finishes.

The race was won by Spain's Alejandro Valverde who claimed his first grand tour victory.
Made (Scarface album)
Made is the ninth solo studio album by American rapper Scarface. It was released on December 4, 2007, via Rap-A-Lot/Asylum Records. Recorded at Gumbo Funk Studios in Stafford, it was produced by N.O. Joe, Mike Dean, Enigma, Tone Capone, Cozmo, Drumma Boy, John Bido, Nottz and One Drop Scott. It features guest appearances from Nina Creque, Tanya Herron, Wacko and Z-Ro.

The album was both critically and commercially successful, making it to number 17 on the Billboard 200, number 2 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and topping the Top Rap Albums chart in the United States. Its single, "Girl You Know" featuring R&B singer Trey Songz, became a minor hit, reaching number 51 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

A 'Limited Edition' version was sold exclusively in Target retail stores, and contained a bonus DVD shot and edited by filmmaker REL of REL Entertainment, featuring exclusive interviews, in-studio performances, and behind-the-scenes coverage of Scarface working on the Made album.

Asylum Records
Asylum Records is a defunct American record label, founded in 1971 by David Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts. It was taken over by Warner Communications (now the Warner Music Group) in 1972, and later merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records.

After previous incarnations, it is geared primarily towards hip-hop, along with rock and alternative metal. It is owned and distributed by Warner Music Group.
Alte Komische Oper Berlin
The old Komische Oper was a privately run Opera house in Berlin-Mitte, Friedrichstraße 104, at the Weidendammer Bridge. It is not to be confused with today's Komische Oper Berlin, Behrenstraße 55-57. The naming Komische Oper referred to the Parisian Opéra-Comique.

Opera house
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera. Like many theaters, it usually includes a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, backstage facilities for costumes and building sets, as well as offices for the institution's administration.

While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed, the term opera house is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing arts center.
1922–23 FA Cup qualifying rounds
The 1922–23 FA Cup was the 48th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; the Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short.

The qualifying phase of the competition comprised eight rounds: an extra preliminary, preliminary and six sequentially numbered qualifying rounds. Twelve clubs won through to the first round proper draw from the 495 clubs who played in the qualifying rounds (including forty-eight in total who joined in qualifying rounds four and five).

Midland Football League (1889)
The Midland Football League was a semi-professional football league in England. It acted as a feeder league to the Football League for many years before merging with the Yorkshire League in 1982 to form the Northern Counties East League.
Go Baby
"Go Baby" is a song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was released through Def Jam Recordings and ILH Productions as the fourth track from his seventh studio album, Swag, on July 11, 2025. The song was produced by Bieber himself, Eddie Benjamin, Carter Lang, Dylan Wiggins, and Daniel Chetrit, with the five of them writing it alongside Tobias Jesso Jr. and Jackson Morgan.

Carter Lang
Carter Lang is an American record producer and songwriter. He is best known for his production work on SZA's albums Ctrl (2017) and SOS (2022), as well as his contributions to Chicago's burgeoning R&B/Hip-Hop scene. Lang was nominated for several Grammy Awards for his work on releases by Post Malone, Doja Cat, Lil Nas X, and Omar Apollo, and won his first two Grammys in 2024 and 2025 for his contributions to SZA's projects.
RGS
RGS is the abbreviation of:

Burgos Airport, Spain, by IATA airport code

Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd

Raffles Girls' School (Secondary)

Redland Green School, Bristol

Regulator of G protein signaling

Reigate Grammar School

Remote Graphics Software, remote desktop protocol by Hewlett Packard

Restless genital syndrome, also known as persistent genital arousal disorder, a spontaneous, persistent, and uncontrollable genital arousal in women, unrelated to any feelings of sexual desire

RGS Atalanta, a revival of the Atalanta automobile after the World War II

Rio Game Show, original name of Brasil Game Show (BGS)

Rio Grande Southern Railroad, reporting mark RGS

Ripon Grammar School

Rosgosstrakh

Royal Geographical Society

Royal Grammar School (disambiguation), several schools in the United Kingdom

Rangasthalam, 2018 Indian film, abbreviated as RGS

RGS-008, an early microcomputer based on the Intel 8008

Redland Green School
Redland Green School (RGS) is a secondary school in Bristol, England, with a sixth form. It has facilities for 1400 students aged 11 to 16, 450 post 16 students, and facilities for 50 students with learning difficulties in its partner school Claremont Secondary School. The school is part of the Excalibur Academies Trust.  and the North Bristol Post 16 Centre.
Trevor Franklin (soccer)
Trevor Franklin (born June 2, 1957) is an English-American retired professional soccer defender.

Franklin attended Keene State College, where he was a 1977 and 1978 NAIA first team All-American soccer player.  He was inducted into the school's Athletic Hall of Fame in 2002.  In 1979, Franklin began his professional career with the New England Tea Men of the North American Soccer League.  The Tea Men sent him to the Minnesota Kicks during the season.  In 1980, he moved to the Atlanta Chiefs where he played the 1980 outdoor and 1980-1981 indoor season.  In May 1981, the Chiefs sold Franklin's contract to the Washington Diplomats.  Franklin then played for the Cleveland Force during the 1981-1982 Major Indoor Soccer League season.  He ended his career in the American Soccer League, playing the 1982 and 1983 seasons with the Detroit Express.

Keene State College
Keene State College is a public liberal arts college in Keene, New Hampshire. It is part of the University System of New Hampshire. Founded in 1909 as a teacher's college (originally, Keene Normal School; later, Keene Teachers College), Keene State College had 3,104 students enrolled for credit as of fall 2021.
Education City station
Education City station is a station on the Doha Metro's Green Line in Education City, in the Doha Metropolitan Area of Qatar. It serves the municipality of Al Rayyan, specifically Education City, Bani Hajer, and the associated districts of Education City such as Gharrafat Al Rayyan and Al Shagub. The station is located on Al Luqta Street.

The station currently has no metrolinks, However, the Blue Line of the Education City Tram can be accessed through 0.10km of walking. Facilities on the premises include restrooms and a prayer room.

Doha Metro
The Doha Metro (Arabic: مترو الدوحة, romanized: Mitru ad-Dawha) is a rapid transit system in the Doha Metropolitan Area, including Qatar's capital city Doha, which became operational on 8 May 2019. It has three lines with an approximate overall length of 76 km (47 mi) and 37 stations. It is an integral component of the wider Qatar Rail network, which will include a long-distance rail for passengers and freight, linking Qatar to the GCC, and the Lusail LRT. Capable of reaching 100 km/h (62 mph), the Doha Metro has one of the fastest driverless trains in the world.

Doha Metro is operated and maintained for a duration of 20 years by RKH Qitarat, a joint venture formed by Hamad Group (51%) and French transit operators Keolis and RATP Dev (49%), on behalf of system owner Qatar Rail.