hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fresnes, Val-de-Marne
Fresnes (French pronunciation: [fʁɛn] ⓘ) is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 11.2 km (7.0 mi) from the center of Paris, next to Antony, Sceaux and Rungis. It is drained by the River Bièvre.

The Fresnes Prison, where Jean Genet was held for a time, is located there. It was, between 1978 and 1981, the only place for executions in France, although no sentence of death was executed in that period. The guillotine maintained for the purpose remains in storage at the prison.

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
Jonathan Martin (American football)
Jonathan Augustus Martin (born August 19, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Stanford Cardinal. Martin was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the second round of the 2012 NFL draft. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers.

Harvard-Westlake School
Harvard-Westlake School is an independent, co-educational university preparatory day school in Los Angeles, California, with about 1,600 students in grades seven through twelve. The school has two campuses: the middle school campus in Holmby Hills and the high school (the "Upper School") in Studio City. It was previously a member of the G30 Schools group. It is not affiliated with Harvard University. The school has been recognized by The Schools Index as one of the top 150 schools in the world and among the top 20 in North America.
Eșelnița
Eșelnița (Hungarian: Jeselnica) is a commune located in Mehedinți County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Eșelnița. It is one of four localities in the county located in the Banat. At the 2011 census, 74% of inhabitants were Romanians, 23.4% Roma and 2% Czechs.

The commune has borne a number of similar names: Jeselnița (1925-1932), Ieșelnița (1932-1950), Eselnița (1950-1956), Ieșelnița (1956-1996) and Eșelnița (since 1996).

Banat
Banat (UK: /ˈbænɪt, ˈbɑːn-/ BAN-it, BAHN-, US: /bəˈnɑːt, bɑː-/ bə-NAHT, bah-; Romanian: Banat; Hungarian: Bánság; Serbian: Банат, romanized: Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian or Carpathian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Mureș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except for a small part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád-Csanád County).

The region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II. Today, Banat is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians, but small populations of other ethnic groups also live in the region. Nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.
Diakonie Deutschland
The Diakonie Deutschland is a charitable organization of Protestant churches in Germany (Protestant Church in Germany), Austria as well as numerous free churches. Its Roman Catholic equivalent is the Caritas.

Caritas Internationalis
Caritas Internationalis (Latin pronunciation: [kaː.ri.t̪as in̪.t̪er.nat̪.t̪͡s̪iˈɔː.na.lis]; lit. 'Charity International') is a confederation of 162 national Catholic relief, development, and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. The name Caritas Internationalis refers to both the global network of Caritas organisations and to its general secretariat based in Vatican City.

Collectively and individually, their missions are "to serve the poor and to promote charity and justice throughout the world". Caritas Internationalis is the second-largest international humanitarian aid network in the world after the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
Toroa (Mātaatua)
Toroa was the captain of the Mātaatua canoe, during the migration of the Māori people to New Zealand, around 1400, according to Māori traditions of the Bay of Plenty region. He is considered the founding ancestor of the Mātaatua Māori of the Bay of Plenty, namely the iwi (tribes) of Ngāi Te Rangi, Ngāi Tūhoe, Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Pūkenga, Te Whānau-ā-Apanui.

Ngāti Pūkenga
Ngāti Pūkenga is a Māori iwi centred in Tauranga in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand. Its rohe (tribal area) extends to Mayor Island / Tuhua and Waihi in the north, to the Kaimai Range in the west, south of Te Puke and to Maketu in the east, and it has tribal holdings in Whangārei, Hauraki and Maketu.

Ngāti Pūkenga is part of the Tauranga Moana iwi group, which also includes Ngāi Te Rangi and Ngāti Ranginui. The three iwi all consider Mauao (Mt Maunganui) sacred and share many things in common. Collectively, the iwi are seeking compensation from the New Zealand Government for their losses from the New Zealand Wars but are yet to seek a settlement.
1,3,5-Triheptylbenzene
1,3,5-Triheptylbenzene (also called sym-triheptylbenzene) is an aromatic organic compound with a chemical formula C27H48 and molar mass 372.67 g/mol. It can be prepared by the hydrogenation reduction reaction of 1,1',1''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(heptan-1-one). Alternatively, 1-nonyne trimerizes to 1,3,5-triheptylbenzene when catalyzed by rhodium trichloride.

Trimer (chemistry)
In chemistry, a trimer (/ˈtraɪmər/; from Ancient Greek  tri- 'three' and  -mer 'parts') is a molecule or polyatomic anion formed by combination or association of three molecules or ions of the same substance.  In technical jargon, a trimer is a kind of oligomer derived from three identical precursors often in competition with polymerization.
The Wyoming Whirlwind
The Wyoming Whirlwind is a 1932 American western film directed by Armand Schaefer and starring Lane Chandler, Adele Lacy and Harry Todd. It was produced by the independent Willis Kent as a second feature

Armand Schaefer
Armand Schaefer (5 August 1898 – 26 September 1967) was a Canadian film producer and director. He produced more than 100 films between 1932 and 1953. He also directed 24 films between 1931 and 1946. He was born in Tavistock, Ontario, Canada. From 1955 to 1956, he joined Gene Autry as co-executive producers of the Dickie Jones western television series Buffalo Bill, Jr.
Atsugewi
The Atsugewi are Native Americans residing in northeastern California, United States. Their traditional lands are near Mount Shasta, specifically the Pit River drainage on Burney, Hat, and Dixie Valley or Horse Creeks. They are closely related to the Achomawi and consisted of two groups (the Atsugé and the Apwaruge). The Atsugé ("pine-tree people") traditionally are from the Hat Creek area, and the Apwaruge ("juniper-tree people") are from the Dixie Valley. They lived to the south of the Achomawi.

Mount Shasta
Mount Shasta (/ˈʃæstə/ SHASS-tə; Shasta: Waka-nunee-Tuki-wuki; Karuk: Úytaahkoo) is a potentially active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Cascade Range in Siskiyou County, California. At an elevation of 14,179 ft (4,322 m), it is the second-highest peak in the Cascades and the fifth-highest in the state. Mount Shasta has an estimated volume of 85 cubic miles (350 cubic kilometers), which makes it the most voluminous stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
The mountain and surrounding area are part of the Shasta–Trinity National Forest.
Gustav Budde-Lund
Gustav Henrik Andreas Budde-Lund (11 January 1846 – 19 September 1911) was a Danish invertebrate zoologist. In 1868, he co-founded the Entomologisk Forening, alongside Rasmus William Traugott Schlick, Carl August Møller, Andreas Haas and Ivar Frederik Christian Ammitzbøll.  He was a student of entomologist J. C. Schiødte, and became a leading authority on terrestrial isopods (woodlice, pill bugs and relatives), describing over 70 genera and around 500 species. He married in 1875 and in 1885 produced his seminal work Crustacea Isopoda terrestria. The woodlouse genus Buddelundiella was named in his honour by Filippo Silvestri in 1897.

Entomologisk Forening
The Entomologisk Forening is the main entomological society in Denmark. It was founded in 1868, and resides in Copenhagen.

Among its activities is publishing the Danish languaged journal 'Entomologiske Meddelelser', which mainly publishes articles about the Danish insect fauna.
Imtiaz Sheikh
Imtiaz Sheikh is a British Ugandan field hockey player of Indian ancestry. Sheikh's hockey career has spanned over 65 years, competing in high calibre hockey clubs and international hockey. Taking part in World Cup, European Championships, managing England hockey and coaching at all levels.

Southgate Hockey Club
Southgate Hockey Club is a field hockey club based at Southgate Hockey Centre in Trent Park, near Oakwood in London.

The men's 1st XI play in the Men's England Hockey League. The club has 9 men's sides, 5 ladies' sides and a large junior section. The men's team have been champions of England on four occasions (1976–77, 1977–78, 1987–88, 1988–89).
Mount Gilbert
Mount Gilbert can refer to:

Mount Gilbert (Alaska) in Alaska, USA

Mount Gilbert (Chugach Mountains) in Alaska, USA

Mount Gilbert (Antarctica)

Mount Gilbert (California) in California, USA

Mount Gilbert (Nevada) in Nevada, USA

Mount Gilbert (British Columbia), in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains

Mount Gilbert (Northern Ireland), near Belfast

Mount Gilbert (Chugach Mountains)
Mount Gilbert is a prominent 9,638-foot (2,938 m) glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated 54 mi (87 km) east of Anchorage, 32 mi (51 km) northeast of Whittier, and 5.8 mi (9 km) northeast of Mount Muir, on land managed  by Chugach National Forest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the mountain rises up from tidewater at Harriman Fiord in Prince William Sound in less than six miles.
3-Oxopentanoic acid
3-Oxopentanoic acid, or beta-ketopentanoate, is a 5-carbon ketone body.  It is made from odd carbon fatty acids in the liver and rapidly enters the brain.

As opposed to 4-carbon ketone bodies, beta-ketopentanoate is anaplerotic, meaning it can refill the pool of TCA cycle intermediates. The triglyceride triheptanoin is used clinically to produce beta-ketopentanoate.

Anaplerotic reactions
Anaplerotic reactions, or Anaplerosis, coined by Hans Kornberg and originating from the Greek ἀνά= 'up' and πληρόω= 'to fill', are chemical reactions that form intermediates of a metabolic pathway. Examples of such are found in the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). In normal function of this cycle for respiration, concentrations of TCA intermediates remain constant; however, many biosynthetic reactions also use these molecules as a substrate. Anaplerosis is the act of replenishing TCA cycle intermediates that have been extracted for biosynthesis (in what are called anaplerotic reactions).

The TCA cycle is a hub of metabolism, with central importance in both energy production and biosynthesis. Therefore, it is crucial for the cell to regulate concentrations of TCA cycle metabolites in the mitochondria. Anaplerotic flux must balance cataplerotic flux in order to retain homeostasis of cellular metabolism.
E. C. Rhodes
Edmund Cecil Rhodes (1892–1964), a statistician, was born in Yorkshire and named after Cecil Rhodes. He went to Bradford Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated as Wrangler (B-star) in 1914. In 1924 he became reader at the London School of Economics, where he remained until he retired in 1958. He wrote for Biometrika and the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, and Edgeworth called him a "pathbreaker" (see obituary by Grebenik).

Rhodes originated the Rhodes algorithm in linear programming. He worked with Arthur Bowley, and also with Sir Alexander Carr-Saunders on his study of juvenile delinquency, and he contributed to population studies and the statistical study of examinations (see his book with Sir Philip John Hartog entitled An Examination of Examinations.

Eugene Grebenik
Eugene Grebenik CB (Ukrainian: Євген Гребеник; 20 July 1919 – 14 October 2001), known as "Grebby", was a British civil servant who was a central figure in the development of demography in Britain. He was the first director of the  UK's Civil Service College.
Utricularia sect. Steyermarkia
Utricularia sect. Steyermarkia is a section in the genus Utricularia. The three species in this section are small lithophyte carnivorous plants native to South America. Both U. aureomaculata and U. steyermarkii were previously included in U. sect. Setiscapella until Peter Taylor split them off from it in 1989 with the creation of section Steyermarkia. He did this on the basis of the very different seeds and multinerved leaves seen in these two species. Utricularia cochleata was described in 2008 and added to this section after these taxonomic shifts. This section is named in honor of Julian Alfred Steyermark.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
Mike Williams (cornerback)
Mikell Herman Williams (born November 22, 1953) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the San Diego Chargers. He was selected by the Chargers in the first round of the 1975 NFL draft with the 22nd overall pick. Born in New Orleans, he played college football for the LSU Tigers, earning first-team All-American honors in 1974.

With the Chargers in 1979, Williams had four interceptions and did not surrender a touchdown. Opponents avoided passing near him, and instead targeted San Diego's left cornerback, Willie Buchanon, who was an All-Pro a year earlier with Green Bay. Williams was hobbled by injuries in 1981, when the Chargers' secondary was much maligned. He played in two games for the Los Angeles Rams in his final season in 1983.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Richard Cosway
Richard Cosway RA (5 November 1742 – 4 July 1821) was a leading English portrait painter of the Georgian and Regency era, noted for his miniatures. He was a contemporary of John Smart, George Engleheart, William Wood, and Richard Crosse. He befriended fellow Freemason and Swedenborgians William Blake and Chevalier d'Éon. His wife was the Italian-born painter Maria Cosway, a close friend of Thomas Jefferson.

Chevalière d'Éon
Charlotte d'Éon de Beaumont or Charles d'Éon de Beaumont (5 October 1728 – 21 May 1810), usually known as the Chevalière d'Éon or the Chevalier d'Éon, was a French diplomat, spy, and soldier. D'Éon fought in the Seven Years' War, and spied for France while in Russia and England. D'Éon had androgynous physical characteristics and natural abilities as a mimic and a spy. D'Éon appeared publicly as a man and pursued masculine occupations for 49 years, although during that time, d'Éon successfully infiltrated the court of Empress Elizabeth of Russia by presenting as a woman. Starting in 1777, d'Éon lived as a woman and was officially recognised as a woman by King Louis XVI.
José Inácio de Abreu e Lima
José Inácio de Abreu e Lima (6 April 1794 — 8 March 1869) was a Brazilian military officer, politician, journalist and writer. Even though he was born in Brazil, he participated prominently in the Spanish American wars of independence. Because of this, he is known with greater notoriety as General Abreu y Lima for having been one of the generals of Simón Bolívar, one of the main leaders of the liberation of Hispanic America.

Hispanic America
Hispanic America (Spanish: Hispanoamérica or América Hispana), historically known as Spanish America (Spanish: América Española) or Castilian America (Spanish: América Castellana), consists of the Spanish-speaking countries and territories of the Americas. In all of these countries, Spanish is the main language - sometimes sharing official status with one or more indigenous languages (such as Guaraní, Quechua, Aymara, or Mayan) or English (in Puerto Rico), and Latin Catholicism is the predominant religion.

Hispanic America is sometimes grouped together with Brazil under the term Ibero-America, meaning those countries in the Americas with cultural roots in the Iberian Peninsula. Hispanic America also contrasts with Latin America, which includes not only Hispanic America, but also Brazil (the former Portuguese America) and, by few definitions, the former French colonies in the Western Hemisphere (areas that are now in either the United States or Canada are usually excluded).
Parthian army
The Parthian army was the army of the Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD). Having no standing army, the Parthian king mainly relied on his vassal kings, regional and tribal lords, and garrison commanders. Mercenaries were also sometimes used in the army; however, this was only when the forces of the king were found lacking, or when a vassal refused to cooperate. The leader of the army was the king, his son, or a spahbed (military commander) selected from one of the great houses.

The Parthians were able to swiftly conquer a sizable portion of the Middle East because of their openness to other cultures, which encouraged the locals to cooperate with them. Parthian rulers regularly assigned their subordinates to protect Mesopotamia while they conducted military expeditions elsewhere. This occurred, for example, in 53 BC when Orodes II entrusted Surena with the region while he invaded Armenia.

Standing army
A standing army is a permanent, often professional, army. It is composed of full-time soldiers who may be either career soldiers or conscripts. It differs from army reserves, who are enrolled for the long term, but activated only during wars or natural disasters, and temporary armies, which are raised from the civilian population only during a war or threat of war, and disbanded once the war or threat is over. Standing armies tend to be better equipped, better trained, and better prepared for emergencies, defensive deterrence, and particularly, wars. The term dates from approximately 1600, although the phenomenon it describes is much older.
1997 Asian Junior Athletics Championships
The 1997 Asian Junior Athletics Championships was the seventh edition of the international athletics competition for Asian under-20 athletes, organised by the Asian Athletics Association. It took place from 4–7 November in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 41 events were contested, 22 for male athletes and 19 for female athletes.

Asian Athletics
The Asian Athletics formerly known as Asian Athletics Association and Asian Amateur Athletics Association (from 1973 to 2002) is the continental governing body for the sport of athletics in Asia. It is headquartered in Thailand. It organises the Asian Championships in Athletics and other continental competitions.

The current president Qatari Dahlan Jumaan al-Hamad, who was elected to the position in 2013. Suresh Kalmadi of India was the president from 2000 to 2013.
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM, Persian: دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد, Danushgah-e Ferdusi-ye Mashhad) is a public university in Mashhad, the capital city of the Iranian province of Razavi Khorasan. FUM is named after Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi, who is considered to be the national epic poet of Greater Iran. Having been established in 1949, FUM is the third-oldest modern university in Iran.

FUM is among the most prestigious universities in Iran, and had been ranked as the 3rd best university of the nation in the 2018 ISC rankings published by the Iranian government. FUM offers 180 bachelors, master's, and Ph.D. programs to 30,000 students. It has 810 faculty members and 2500 staff members. FUM has the highest number of enrollments of foreign students in Iran. Foreign students, from countries such as Afghanistan, Syria, and Iraq make up a significant portion of the students.

First government of Hassan Rouhani
The President of Iran is the second formal position after the Supreme leader. The president has the authority to introduce members of his cabinet to the Iranian Parliament for confirmation under the Constitution of Iran.

Rouhani is the seventh president of Iran which governed within the eleventh government of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Bernhard Karl von Koehne
Baron Bernhard Karl von Köhne (Russian: Бернгард (Борис) Васильевич Кёне; Boris Vasilievich Kene; 4 July 1817 – 5 February 1886) was born in Berlin, and moved to St Petersburg in 1845 to take up a post with the Russian civil service. He was the director of the section for arms in the heraldic department of the Russian senate, and a well known numismatist in imperial Russia. After falling out of favour with the scholarly circles in St Petersburg, he applied for Finnish citizenship in 1859, but it was not granted.

He was elected as an associate academician of the Belgian Royal Academy on 13 May 1861.

Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium
The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB) is a non-governmental association that promotes and organises science and the arts in Belgium by coordinating the national and international activities of its constituent academies such as the National Scientific Committees and the representation of Belgium in international scientific organisations.

The RASAB was formed as a non-profit organization (Association without lucrative purpose) in 2001 by the Dutch-speaking academy KVAB (Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten i.e. Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts) and by the French-speaking academy ARB (Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique i.e. The Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium).

The association is headquartered in the buildings of the former Royal Stables at the Academy Palace, Rue Ducale/Hertogstraat 1, 1000 Brussels.
Antonio Sansores Sastré
Antonio Sansores Sastré (7 January 1964-28 August 2020) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).
In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Tabasco's 6th district during the 62nd session of Congress.

LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 62nd session of the Congress of Mexico, met from September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. It consisted of Senators and Deputies in their respective chambers. All members of both the lower and upper houses of the Congress were elected in the elections of July 2012.

Senators were elected for a six-year term during the 2012 elections, allowing them to serve in both the LXII and subsequent legislatures. Deputies, also elected in the 2012 elections, served exclusively during the LXII Legislature.

The composition of the LXII Legislature was as follows: