hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zhao Mengjian
Zhao Mengjian (Chinese: 趙孟堅; Wade–Giles: Chao Meng-chien; 1199–1295), art name Yizhai (彝齋居士), was a Chinese painter and politician from Haiyan, Zhejiang.

He was a member of the Song dynasty who attained high rank at court as a Mandarin, and became president of the Hanlin Academy, retiring when the dynasty fell. He was known for his depictions of daffodils, plum blossom, orchids and bamboo.

Art name
An art name (pseudonym or pen name), also known by its native names hào (in Mandarin Chinese), gō (in Japanese), ho (in Korean), and tên hiệu (in Vietnamese), is a professional name used by artists, poets and writers in the Sinosphere. The word and the concept originated in China, where it was used as nicknames for the educated, then became popular in other East Asian countries (especially in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the former Kingdom of Ryukyu).

In some cases, artists adopted different pseudonyms at different stages of their career, usually to mark significant changes in their life. Extreme practitioners of this tendency were Tang Yin of the Ming dynasty, who had more than ten hao, Hokusai of Japan, who in the period 1798 to 1806 alone used no fewer than six, and Kim Chŏnghŭi of the Joseon Dynasty who had up to 503.
Beta function (physics)
In theoretical physics, specifically quantum field theory, a beta function or Gell-Mann–Low function, β(g), encodes the dependence of a coupling parameter, g, on the energy scale, μ, of a given physical process described by quantum field theory.
It is defined by the Gell-Mann–Low equation or renormalization group equation, given by

and, because of the underlying renormalization group, it has no explicit dependence on μ, so it only depends on μ implicitly through g.
This dependence on the energy scale thus specified is known as the running of the coupling parameter, a fundamental 
feature of scale-dependence in quantum field theory, and its explicit computation is achievable through a variety of mathematical techniques. The concept of beta function was first introduced by Ernst Stueckelberg and André Petermann in 1953, and independently postulated by Murray Gell-Mann and Francis E. Low in 1954.

André Petermann
Andreas Emil Petermann (27 September 1922– 21 August 2011), known as André Petermann, was a Swiss theoretical physicist known for introducing the renormalization group, suggesting a quark-like model, and work related to the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the muon.

Petermann obtained his doctorate from the University of Lausanne in May 1952 under the supervision of professor Ernst Stueckelberg. The work was funded by the Swiss Atomic Energy Commission. Following Lausanne, Petermann moved on to the University of Manchester, UK, before he became a CERN staff member in 1955. The CERN Theory Division was at that time still hosted at the University of Copenhagen.
 It was then moved to Geneva together with the CERN experimental groups in 1957.
Loeb Stadium
Loeb Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Columbian Park in Lafayette, Indiana, United States. It is the home field for the Lafayette Aviators, a collegiate summer baseball team in the Prospect League, and for the Jefferson High School Bronchos baseball team. It was the home for Black Cat FC in the United Premier Soccer League during their 2021 season. Opened in 2021, Loeb Stadium has a capacity of 2,600 people.

Lafayette, Indiana
Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 70,783 at the 2020 census. It sits across the Wabash River from West Lafayette, home to Purdue University, which plays a major role in both communities. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette make up the core of the Lafayette metropolitan area, home to 235,066 people in 2020.

Lafayette was founded in 1825 on the southeast bank of the Wabash River near where the river becomes impassable for riverboats upstream, though a French fort and trading post had existed since 1717 on the opposite bank and three miles downstream. It was named for the French general Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero. Lafayette is 63 miles (101 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Chicago.
2007 AFL Grand Final
The 2007 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Geelong Football Club and the Port Adelaide Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 29 September 2007. It was the 111th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2007 AFL season.

The match, attended by 97,302 spectators, was won by Geelong by a margin of 119 points, the greatest winning margin in VFL/AFL grand final history and the only one by 100 points or more. The victory marked Geelong's seventh premiership win, and ended its 44-year premiership drought.

Domenic Cassisi
Domenic Cassisi (born 22 September 1982) is a former premiership winning Australian rules footballer with the Port Adelaide Football Club, and was the club's 62nd captain from 2009 to 2012. He was recruited in the 2000 AFL draft with pick 50, and is a member of Port Adelaide's 2004 premiership side.
Michael H. Prosser
Michael H. Prosser (born 29 March 1936), Professor Emeritus of the University of Virginia (1972–2001), was a Fulbright Professor at the University of Swaziland (1990–91), at which he initiated the communication major  and experienced a military invasion on November 14, 1990, where 2-4 students were killed and more than 300-400 were injured.  President of SIETAR International (1984–86), he later chaired six Rochester Intercultural Conferences  (1995–2001), and was series editor for 17 books in Civic Discourse for the Third Millennium for Ablex, Praeger and Greenwood Publishing Group (1998–2004).  A founder of the academic field of intercultural communication, he has been  editor/coeditor or author/coauthor of 20 books plus one special volume for the  International Journal of Intercultural Relations (2012: November).

Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG) was an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) that was part of ABC-Clio. Since 2021, ABC-Clio and its suite of imprints, including GPG, are collectively imprints of British publishing house Bloomsbury Publishing. The Greenwood name stopped being used for new books in 2023.

Established in 1967 as Greenwood Press, Inc., and based in Westport, Connecticut, GPG published reference works under its Greenwood Press imprint; and scholarly, professional, and general-interest books under its related imprint, Praeger Publishers (/ˈpreɪɡər/). Also part of GPG was Libraries Unlimited, which published professional works for librarians and teachers. Both of the latter became stand-alone imprints of ABC-Clio, in 2008–2009, after its purchase of GPG.
Faridunovka
Faridunovka (Russian: Фаридуновка; Bashkir: Фәриҙун, Färiźun) is a rural locality (a village) in Sergiopolsky Selsoviet, Davlekanovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 134 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Davlekanovsky District
Davlekanovsky District (Russian: Давлека́новский райо́н; Bashkir: Дәүләкән районы, Däwläkän rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders with Blagovarsky and Chishminsky Districts in the north, Karmaskalinsky District in the northeast, Aurgazinsky District in the east, Alsheyevsky District in the south, Belebeyevsky District in the west, and with Buzdyaksky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,907 square kilometers (736 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Davlekanovo (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 18,392.
Erica Kershaw
Erica Kershaw (born 23 December 1991) is an Australian cricketer who plays as a wicket-keeper and left-handed batter. She has played for Victoria, Melbourne Renegades, ACT Meteors, Hobart Hurricanes. She made her maiden WNCL fifty on 24 September 2019, scoring 52 in ACT's three-wicket win over the South Australian Scorpions. In the final game for the Renegades she scored 34 off 18 to beat Perth Scorchers eliminating them from the WBBL 08 Semi Finals and earned herself Player of the Match.

ACT Meteors
The Australian Capital Territory Women cricket team, also known as the Intravision ACT Meteors, is the women's representative cricket team for the Australian Capital Territory. They play most of their home games at Manuka Oval, Canberra and they also use Phillip Oval, Canberra. They compete in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL), the premier 50-over women's cricket tournament in Australia. They previously played in the now-defunct Australian Women's Twenty20 Cup and Australian Women's Cricket Championships.
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award
The Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel-Forschungspreis) is a recognition from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to academic researchers who developed projects and worked in German institutions.

The award was named after the German astronomer and mathematician Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space and the Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Annually, the award is given to approximately 20 international researcher who concluded their PhD in less than 18 years ago. The researcher can be from multiple areas, like mathematics, physics, biology and others. The winners also receive 60,000 euros and are invited to conduct a project of their choice at a German institution.

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (German: [ˈbɛsl̩]; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the Sun to another star by the method of parallax. Certain important mathematical functions were first studied systematically by Bessel and were named Bessel functions in his honour.
University School of Milwaukee
The University School of Milwaukee (often abbreviated to USM) is an independent pre-kindergarten through secondary preparatory school in River Hills and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was founded as the result of the merger of three schools, Milwaukee Country Day School, Milwaukee Downer Seminary, and Milwaukee University School. USM is accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Central States and is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS).

National Association of Independent Schools
The National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) is a U.S.-based membership organization for private, nonprofit, K-12 schools. Founded in 1962, NAIS represents independent schools and associations in the United States, including day, boarding, and day/boarding schools; elementary and secondary schools; boys', girls', and coeducational schools.  NAIS also has affiliate members internationally.
Hacke Björksten
Gunnar Olof "Hacke" Björksten (February 17, 1934 in Helsinki – December 17, 2020 in Stockholm) was a Finnish-Swedish jazz bandleader and saxophonist.

Hacke Björksten lived in Finland until 1945, when his parents moved to Sweden; he gained his first break as a teenager in Kenneth Fagerlund's band in Gothenburg. In 1954, he founded his own ensemble in Stockholm, which included trombonist Åke Persson, pianist Rune Öfwerman, and vibraphonist Kurt Weil as sidemen; this band was active through the end of the decade. He played less frequently in the 1960s, but returned to recording in the 1970s and 1980s, including with Mel Lewis and Ulf Johansson.

Ulf Johansson
Ulf Johansson (born 26 May 1967) is a former Swedish biathlete. At the 1992 Olympics in Albertville, Johansson won a bronze medal in the 4 x 7.5 km relay with the Swedish team.  His teammates were Mikael Löfgren, Tord Wiksten, and Leif Andersson.
1988 Pepsi Firecracker 400
The 1988 Pepsi Firecracker 400 was the 15th stock car race of the 1988 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 30th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, July 2, 1988, before an audience of 83,000 in Daytona Beach, Florida at Daytona International Speedway, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) permanent triangular-shaped superspeedway. The race took the scheduled 160 laps to complete. In one of the closest finishes in NASCAR Winston Cup Series history, Melling Racing driver Bill Elliott was able to beat out Morgan–McClure Motorsports driver Rick Wilson by a distance of 3 feet (0.91 m) to take his 26th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his third victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Jackson Bros. Motorsports driver Phil Parsons would finish third.

Morgan–McClure Motorsports
Morgan–McClure Motorsports was an American auto racing team that competed in the NASCAR Cup Series full-time until 2007. It operated for 28 years, starting in 1983 and ending in 2012. The team was most notable for running the No. 4 from 1983 to 2010. The team notably won the Daytona 500 three times during the 1990s. They won with Ernie Irvan in 1991, then won back-to-back in 1994–1995 with Sterling Marlin. Irvan (1992) and Marlin (1996) also each won the Pepsi 400 for a total of five points-paying wins at Daytona for the team over a six-year period.
1938 Dalfram dispute
The Dalfram dispute of 1938 (15 November 1938 – 21 January 1939) was a political industrial dispute at Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia protesting the export of pig iron from Australia to Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It became famous for providing the nickname of Pig Iron Bob to Attorney General Robert Menzies, later Prime Minister.

Pig iron
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel. It is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.
Kamen Rider World
Kamen Rider World (仮面ライダーワールド, Kamen Raidā Wārudo) is a short tokusatsu superhero 3-D film produced by Toei Company based on the Kamen Rider Series that premiered on August 6, 1994 and was shown in amusement parks and special events nationwide in Japan. It was shown as a triple feature alongside Super Sentai World and Toei Hero Daishugō (a crossover between Tokusou Robo Janperson and Blue Swat which also used footage from Super Sentai World).

The film is included as a bonus feature in the Region 2 DVD release of Kamen Rider J by Bandai Visual and Toei Video. The DVD version lacks the 3D effects from the theatrical release. A Blu-ray 3D release is featured in a bonus disc included in the Kamen Rider: The Movie 1972-1988 Blu-ray Box set, released on May 11, 2011, which retained the 3D effects from the theatrical version.

Media Blasters licensed the short along with Kamen Rider ZO, Kamen Rider J and Shin Kamen Rider: Prologue. It will be released in North America in the summer of 2024.

Media Blasters
Media Blasters, sometimes abbreviated as MB, is an American entertainment company that was founded by John Sirabella in 1997 and is based in New York City. It is in the business of licensing, translating, and releasing to the North American market manga and anime compilations, Asian films and television series, adult anime, monster movies, concert films, independent films, horror films, and exploitation films. Over its history, the company has licensed several popular titles, such as Rurouni Kenshin, Berserk, Bakuman, Shamanic Princess, Weiß Kreuz, Jubei-chan: The Ninja Girl, Chu-Bra!!, Grenadier, Holy Knight, Elf Princess Rane, Voogie's Angel, Iron Virgin Jun, Ultimate Girls and Blade of the Immortal.
Heidenwerfen
Heidenwerfen (literally "heathen pelting") was an anti-pagan custom of medieval Germany that was encouraged by the Catholic Church. According to 13th century records from the town of Hildesheim a crown and mantle were placed on a wooden post that represented the Roman god Jupiter. The post was placed outside a church, stoned and  burnt. Different iterations of this practice persisted until 1811, when worshippers at St. Matthias' Abbey would throw stones at a bust of the Roman goddess Venus Victrix. The clergy of the period borrowed these names from classical tradition which had reached northern Europe in the 11th century, after the reconquest of Spain.

Venus (mythology)
Venus (/ˈviːnəs/; Classical Latin: [ˈwɛnʊs]) is a Roman goddess whose functions encompass love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory. In Roman mythology, she was the ancestor of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Julius Caesar claimed her as his ancestor. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was revered in Roman religion under numerous cult titles.

The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus became one of the most widely referenced deities of Greco-Roman mythology as the embodiment of love and sexuality. As such, she is usually depicted nude.
2023 Monterrey Challenger – Doubles
Hans Hach Verdugo and Austin Krajicek were the defending champions, but only Hach Verdugo chose to defend his title, partnering Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela. Hach Verdugo lost in the semifinals to André Göransson and Ben McLachlan.

Göransson and McLachlan won the title after defeating Luis David Martínez and Cristian Rodríguez 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Luis David Martínez
Luis David Martínez (Latin American Spanish: [ˈlwis ðaˈβið maɾˈtines]; born 12 May 1989 in Lara) is a Venezuelan tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 85 achieved on 3 July 2023 and a career-high singles ranking of No. 390 achieved on 10 February 2014. He is currently the No. 3 Venezuelan player.

Martínez has represented Venezuela at the Davis Cup where he has a win–loss record of 23–13.
Kleptography
Kleptography is the study of stealing information securely and subliminally. The ideas were introduced by Adam Young and Moti Yung in the Proceedings of Advances in Cryptology – Crypto '96 and the term was coined in their EUROCRYPT '97 paper. Kleptography is a subfield of cryptovirology and is a natural extension of the theory of subliminal channels that was pioneered by Gus Simmons while at Sandia National Laboratory. A kleptographic backdoor is synonymously referred to as an asymmetric backdoor.  Kleptography encompasses secure and covert communications through cryptosystems and cryptographic protocols. This is reminiscent of, but not the same as steganography that studies covert communications through graphics, video, digital audio data, and so forth.

Gustavus Simmons
Gustavus J. Simmons (born 1930) is an American retired cryptographer and former manager of the applied mathematics Department and Senior Fellow at Sandia National Laboratories. He worked primarily with authentication theory, developing cryptographic techniques for solving problems of mutual distrust and in devising protocols whose function could be trusted, even though some of the inputs or participants cannot be.
La Coronela
La Coronela (Catalan pronunciation: [lə kuɾuˈnɛlə]) was the name of the armed force of the town of Barcelona, and its objective was to defend the city during the War of the Spanish Succession. It was formed, in great part, by craftsmen and organized under the commandment of the Conseller en cap (Head councillor, in Catalan) of the Consell de Cent of Barcelona.

It played a crucial role in the defense of the city against the Bourbon troops from 1710 to 1714, specially since the Archduke Charles went to Vienna in 1713, abandoning his supporters to their own luck.

Artisan
An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative art, sculpture, clothing, food items, household items, and tools and mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist.
Toronto-Buffalo Royals
The Toronto-Buffalo Royals were a charter franchise of World Team Tennis (WTT) founded by John F. Bassett and John C. Eaton, III. The team was sometimes referred to as the Buffalo-Toronto Royals. The Royals played half of their home matches in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and the other half in Buffalo, New York, United States. The Royals played only one season before being sold and moving to Hartford, Connecticut after the 1974 season. The team was contracted by WTT on February 1, 1975. The Royals had 13 wins and 31 losses, and finished in last place in the Central Section missing the playoffs.

Tom Okker
Thomas Samuel Okker (born 22 February 1944), nicknamed "the Flying Dutchman", is a Dutch former tennis player who was active from the mid-1960s until 1980. He won the 1973 French Open Doubles, the 1976 US Open Doubles, and two gold medals at the 1965 Maccabiah Games in Israel. He was ranked among the world's top-ten singles players for seven consecutive years, 1968–74, reaching a career high of world No. 3 in 1974. He also was ranked world No. 1 in doubles in 1979.
Saints Peter and Paul Church (Petersburg, Iowa)
Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church  is a parish church in the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The church is located in the unincorporated community of Petersburg, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Archdiocese of Dubuque
The Archdiocese of Dubuque (Latin: Archidiœcesis Dubuquensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the northeastern quarter of the state of Iowa in the United States. Erected in 1837, the dioces was elevated to an archdiocese in 1893. It is a metropolitan archdiocese with three suffragan dioceses.
Madera High School
Madera High School is the first school and original high school in the central San Joaquin Valley city of Madera, California, serving students since 1894.  The school colors are royal blue & white and its mascot is the coyote.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).