hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Carr (linguist)
Philip Carr (25 September 1953 – 30 March 2020) was a British linguist and Emeritus Professor in the English Department of the University of Montpellier. He is best known for his works on  phonology and philosophy of linguistics.

Philosophy of linguistics
The philosophy of linguistics is the philosophy of science applied to linguistics. It is concerned with topics including what the subject matter and theoretical goals of linguistics are, what forms linguistic theories should take, and what counts as data in linguistic research. This distinguishes the philosophy of linguistics from the philosophy of language, which deals primarily with the philosophical study of meaning and reference.
Steve Hamilton (American football)
Steven  Hamilton (born September 28, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins. He played college football for the East Carolina Pirates and was selected in the second round of the 1984 NFL draft.

1984 NFL draft
The 1984 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held May 1–2, 1984, at the Omni Park Central Hotel in New York City, New York. No teams elected to claim any players in the regular supplemental draft that year. However, the NFL did have a special supplemental draft for college seniors who had already signed with the USFL or CFL on June 5, 1984.

The 1984 draft was the first in ten years in which a quarterback was not selected in the first round; the first quarterback selected in 1984 was Boomer Esiason, who was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round with the 38th overall pick. The New England Patriots used the first overall pick of the draft to select wide receiver Irving Fryar.
You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown (soundtrack)
You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown: Original Soundtrack Recording is a soundtrack album by American jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi, released on September 6, 2024, in the United States by Lee Mendelson Film Productions. The album is the soundtrack album to the politically themed Peanuts television special of the same name originally broadcast on CBS on October 29, 1972, nine days before the 1972 United States presidential election between incumbent Richard Nixon and Senator George McGovern.

You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown
You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown is the eighth prime-time animated TV special produced based upon the comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz, and the 10th one to air. It originally aired on CBS on October 29, 1972, nine days before the 1972 United States presidential election between incumbent Richard Nixon and Senator George McGovern. It was the first new Peanuts special to air since the spring of 1971.

You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown ranked No. 9 in the Nielsen TV ratings the week it aired. It received a nomination for Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming, which is Entertainment/Fictional at the 25th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1973.
Connecticut in the American Civil War
The New England state of Connecticut played an important role in the American Civil War, providing arms, equipment, technology, funds, supplies, and soldiers for the Union Army and the Union Navy. Several Connecticut politicians played significant roles in the Federal government and helped shape its policies during the war and the Reconstruction.

Fort Trumbull
Fort Trumbull is a massive granite fort near the mouth of the Thames River in New London, Connecticut, managed as Fort Trumbull State Park by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. The original fort was built in 1777 and named for Governor Jonathan Trumbull. The present fortification was built between 1839 and 1852. It lies adjacent to the Coast Guard Station New London.
Leigh Chapman (nurse)
Leigh Chapman is a Canadian nurse. She has served as the Chief Nursing Officer of Canada since August 23, 2022. Chapman was the first nurse to occupy the role of CNO after the role was reinstated; the role was previously eliminated in 2011 by the Harper government.

Premiership of Stephen Harper
The  premiership of Stephen Harper began on February 6, 2006, when the first Cabinet headed by Stephen Harper was sworn in by Governor General Michaelle Jean. Harper was invited to form the 28th Canadian Ministry and become Prime Minister of Canada following the 2006 federal election, where Harper led his Conservative Party to win a plurality of seats in the House of Commons of Canada, defeating the Liberal minority government of Prime Minister Paul Martin. Harper led his Conservatives to win a more significant minority government in 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. In the 2015 federal election, Harper's Conservatives lost power to the Liberal Party led by Justin Trudeau. On November 4, 2015, Harper resigned as prime minister and was succeeded by Trudeau, who formed a majority government.
South African Air Force Museum
The South African Air Force Museum houses exhibits and restores material related to the history of the South African Air Force. The museum is divided into three locations, AFB Swartkop outside Pretoria, AFB Ysterplaat in Cape Town and at Gqeberha's Chief Dawid Stuurman International Airport.

Westland Wasp
The Westland Wasp is a small 1960s British turbine-powered, shipboard anti-submarine helicopter. Produced by Westland Helicopters, it came from the same Saunders-Roe P.531 programme as the British Army Westland Scout, and is based on the earlier piston-engined Saunders-Roe Skeeter. It fulfilled the requirement of the Royal Navy for a helicopter small enough to land on the deck of a frigate and carry a useful load of two homing torpedoes.
Tour of Çanakkale
The Tour of Çanakkale (Turkish: Çanakkale Bisiklet Turu) was a professional road bicycle racing stage race held in and around the Çanakkale Province in Turkey. It was held once, in 2015 as a 2.2-rated event, and was won by Ahmet Akdilek.

Ahmet Akdilek
Ahmet Akdilek (born 9 March 1988) is a Turkish former road cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2011 to 2019. He now works as a directeur sportif for UCI Continental team Konya Büyükşehir Belediyespor.

He qualified for participation in the men's road race at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  He also competed in the men's time trial. When riding under the national team, he was coached by Luka Zele.
Aviva Slesin
Aviva Slesin is a documentary film-maker.

Slesin was awarded the Academy Award for Best Feature Documentary for her film The Ten Year Lunch: The Wit and Legend of the Algonquin Round Table in 1987. She is member of the Directors Guild of America and The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Slesin has been a MacDowell Fellow  and has had a retrospective of her work shown at the Sundance Film Festival She is a member of the faculty at NYU’s Tisch School of the Arts. Slesin is also a painter.

Christopher Award
The Christopher Award (established 1949) is presented to the producers, directors, and writers of books, films and television specials that "affirm the highest values of the human spirit". It is given by The Christophers, a Christian organization founded in 1945 by the Maryknoll priest James Keller.
The Fireship
The Fireship is a 1975 novel by British naval historian C. Northcote Parkinson, one of a series of nautical novels by the author. It is set in the late 18th century, when Britain was at war with Revolutionary France. Parkinson's hero is a junior naval officer. Unlike many fictional officers Parkinson's hero, Richard Delancey, does not have any powerful patrons to ease his way to promotion.

In The Devil to Pay, the first novel Parkinson wrote about Delancey, his hero goes through a long series of adventures before he can find himself an appointment. In The Fireship Delancey has a position. He is the second lieutenant of HMS Glatton, a converted vessel from the British East India Company, fitted with an experimental armament consisting of all short-range, large-caliber carronades.

HMS Glatton is part of Admiral Adam Duncan's fleet blockading the Batavian Republic.

Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan
Admiral Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan (1 July 1731 – 4 August 1804) was a Royal Navy officer best known for defeating the Batavian Navy at the 1797 Battle of Camperdown. The victory was one of the most significant naval battles in the French Revolutionary Wars.
Sheregesh
Sheregesh (Russian: Шерегеш, Shor: Шерегеш, romanized: Şeregeş) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Tashtagolsky District of Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. Population:  10,173 (2010 Census); 10,371 (2002 Census); 9,553 (1989 Soviet census). Postal code: 652971. The main ethnic groups are Russians and Shors.

Shors
Shors or Shorians (Shor: sg. шор-кижи, shor-kizhi, тадар-кижи, tadar-kizhi, шор, shor, тадар, tadar, pl. шор-кижилер, shor-kizhiler, тадар-кижилер, tadar-kizhiler, шорлар, shorlar, тадарлар, tadarlar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Kemerovo Oblast of Russia. Their self designation is Шор (tr. Shor). They were also called Kuznetskie Tatars (кузнецкие татары), Kondoma Tatars (кондомские татары), Mras-Su Tatars (мрасские татары) in some of the documents of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Most Shors live in the Tom basin along the Kondoma and Mras-Su Rivers. This region is historically called Mountainous Shoria. The Shors also live in Khakassia and Altai Republic. According to 2002 census, there were 13,975 Shors in Russia (12,601 in 1926, 16,042 in 1939, 14,938 in 1959, 15,950 in 1970, 15,182 in 1979 and 15,745 in 1989). The Shors speak their own Shor language.
Fumarel
Fumarel (Spanish pronunciation: [fumaˈɾel]), is a Spanish clothing company, specialising in technical sportswear. It takes its name from the black tern (chlidonias niger), a small seabird known in Spanish as fumarel.

It was founded in 1987 by two cousins from distinguished families, with the aim of providing high-performance equipment for the outdoors while maintaining classic and timeless designs. As a brand dedicated to clothing for luxurious sports (i.e. skiing, hunting, polo, or sailing), Fumarel became strongly associated with the upper classes, and was commonly worn by the Spanish royal family. Bruno Gómez-Acebo, Infanta Pilar's second son, was one of its boardmembers.

In 2008, the firm filed for bankruptcy following a debt moratorium as a result of the Great Recession. Since 2017, Fumarel has been relaunched by the co-founder's son, Pedro Domecq.

Debt moratorium
A debt moratorium is a delay in the payment of debts or obligations. The term is generally used to refer to acts by national governments. Moratory laws are usually passed at times of special political or commercial stress: for instance, on several occasions during the Franco-Prussian War, the French government passed moratory laws.
Cushing Peak
Cushing Peak (64°6′S 62°25′W﻿ / ﻿64.100°S 62.417°W﻿ / -64.100; -62.417) is a peak in the north part of Stribog Mountains, standing 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) southeast of Guyou Bay on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago. It surmounts the head of Lister Glacier to the east and Oshane Glacier to the west.

The peak was shown on an Argentine government chart in 1953, but not named. Photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956–57, and mapped from these photos in 1959, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Harvey Cushing, an American pioneer of neurosurgery.

Brabant Island
Brabant Island is the second largest island of the Palmer Archipelago within the British Antarctic Territory, lying between Anvers Island and Liège Island. Brabant Island is 59 km (37 mi) long north-south, 30 km (19 mi) wide, and rises to 2,520 m (8,268 ft) in Mount Parry.  The interior of the island is occupied by two mountain ranges, Solvay Mountains (Cook Summit, 1590 m) in its southern part and Stribog Mountains (summit Mount Parry) in its central and northern parts.

It was named by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–1899) under Adrien de Gerlache, who named it after the Belgian Province of Brabant, in recognition of the support given to the expedition by its citizens.

A paper summarizing the Joint Services expedition of 1984–1985 describes the island as "notoriously inhospitable" and states that there is evidence for only six visits between the discovery in 1898 and 1984.  Members of the expedition overwintered there in 1984–1985, and made the first ascent of Mount Parry.
Malcolm X Shabazz High School
Malcolm X Shabazz High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school in Newark in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, as part of the Newark Public Schools. Founded as 
South Side High School in 1912, the school was renamed in 1972 in memory of Malcolm X. The school is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools until July 2031.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 354 students and 25.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.2:1. There were 228 students (64.4% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 28 (7.9% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
2024 Moto2 World Championship
The 2024 FIM Moto2 World Championship was the intermediate class of the 76th Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) Road Racing World Championship season. Ai Ogura won the championship with two races to spare in the Thailand Grand Prix.

Xavier Cardelús
Xavier "Xavi" Cardelús García (born 15 May 1998) is an Andorran motorcycle racer competing in the 2026 Supersport World Championship for the Cerba Yamaha Racing Team. He is son of the former motorcycle racer Xavier Cardelús Maestre.
GE AC4400CW
The GE AC4400CW, sometimes referred to as "AC44CW", is a 4,400 horsepower (3,300 kW) diesel-electric locomotive that was built by GE Transportation Systems between 1993 and 2004. It is similar to the Dash 9-44CW, but uses AC traction motors instead of DC, with a separate inverter per motor.

3,018 units were built for North American railroads over an 11-year production and 540 AC44i units for the Brazilian railroads. In 2005, all Class I freight railroads except Norfolk Southern and Canadian National owned at least one AC4400CW. Norfolk Southern ordered the very similar C40-9Ws, although NS would later acquire 36 former CEFX AC4400CWs in August 2023. As a result of more stringent emissions requirements that came into effect in January 2005, GE no longer offers the AC4400CW, replacing it with the ES44AC. A 6,000 Horsepower (4,500kW) version was offered, known as the AC6000CW.

GE Transportation
GE Transportation is a division of Wabtec. It was known as GE Rail and owned by General Electric until merged into Wabtec on February 25, 2019. The organization manufactures equipment for the railroad, marine, mining, drilling and energy generation industries. The company was founded in 1907. It is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, while its main manufacturing facility is located in Erie, Pennsylvania. Locomotives are assembled at the Erie plant, while engine manufacturing takes place in Grove City, Pennsylvania. In May 2011, the company announced plans to build a second locomotive factory in Fort Worth, Texas, which opened in January 2013.
Capsanthin/capsorubin synthase
Capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (EC 5.3.99.8, CCS, ketoxanthophyll synthase, capsanthin-capsorubin synthase) is an enzyme with systematic name violaxanthin—capsorubin isomerase (ketone-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(1) violaxanthin  capsorubin

(2) antheraxanthin  capsanthin

This multifunctional enzyme is induced during chromoplast differentiation in plants.

Antheraxanthin
Antheraxanthin (from ánthos, Greek for "flower" and xanthos, Greek for "yellow") is a bright yellow accessory pigment found in many organisms that perform photosynthesis. It is a xanthophyll cycle pigment, an oil-soluble alcohol within the xanthophyll subgroup of carotenoids. Antheraxanthin is both a component in and product of the cellular photoprotection mechanisms in photosynthetic green algae, red algae, euglenoids, and plants.
Hooray for Hollywood (album)
Hooray for Hollywood is a two-album set recorded by Doris Day, released by Columbia Records. Frank De Vol arranged and conducted the orchestra for the recordings. All but one of the songs were recorded between October and November 1957. The collection was to originally feature Day's recording of "A Very Precious Love", but this was released as a single and replaced on the album with the 1952 re-recording of "It's Magic".

The two-album set was released by Columbia under the catalog number C2L-5 on February 24, 1958. It was subsequently reissued as two separate volumes in both monaural and stereophonic versions as indicated below.

Frank De Vol
Frank Denny De Vol (September 20, 1911 – October 27, 1999), sometimes credited mononymously as De Vol, was an American composer, bandleader, arranger, and actor. As a film composer, he was nominated for five Academy Awards (four for Best Score and one for Best Original Song), among other accolades.
Emile Zola Berman
Emile Zola Berman (November 3, 1902 – July 3, 1981) was an American criminal defense lawyer. He was named after the French novelist Émile Zola (1840–1902). During World War II he was an intelligence officer in the 10th Air Force in Burma where he received the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Bronze Star. He was discharged as a lieutenant colonel.

Intelligence officer
An intelligence officer is a member of the intelligence field employed by an organization to collect, compile or analyze information (known as intelligence) which is of use to that organization. The word of officer is a working title, not a rank, used in the same way a "police officer" can also be a sergeant, or in the military, in which non-commissioned personnel may serve as intelligence officers.

Organizations which employ intelligence officers include armed forces, police, and customs agencies.
Beboid languages
The Beboid languages are any of two families of Southern Bantoid languages spoken principally in southwest Cameroon, although two (Bukwen and Mashi) are spoken over the border in southeast Nigeria. The Eastern Beboid languages may be most closely related to the Tivoid and Momo groups. The Western Beboid languages may be closer to Ekoid and Bantu.

Previous research includes a study of noun classes in Beboid languages by Jean-Marie Hombert (1980), Larry Hyman (1980, 1981), a dissertation by Richards (1991) concerning the phonology of three eastern Beboid languages (Noni, Ncane and Nsari), Lux (2003) a Noni lexicon and Cox (2005) a phonology of Kemezung. The Largest Language is the Fang Language of Cameroon

Tivoid languages
The Tivoid languages are a branch of the Southern Bantoid languages spoken in parts of Nigeria and Cameroon. The subfamily takes its name after Tiv, the most spoken language in the group.

The majority are threatened with extinction. The largest of these languages by far is the Tiv language for which the group is named; it had 2 million speakers in 1991. The second largest is the Bitare language; it had 110,000 speakers in 2000. Most apart from Tiv are extremely poorly known, and the next best, Esimbi, has not even been demonstrated to be Tivoid.
T. Scott Muschany
T. Scott Muschany (born April 15, 1966) was elected as a Republican in 2004 to represent the 87th District in the Missouri House of Representatives.

In August 2008, Muschany was charged with deviant sexual assault, a felony, for asking a 14-year-old girl to touch his exposed genitals. The girl was the daughter of his mistress with whom he had been having a two-year affair. At the urging of top Republican leaders, he resigned his seat and took his name off of the ballot for reelection to a third term.

In March 2009, a jury found Muschany innocent of all charges for lack of evidence.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Tasiilap Karra
Tasiilap Karra or Cape Gustav Holm (Danish: Kap Gustav Holm) is a headland in eastern Greenland, Sermersooq municipality.

It was named after officer of the Danish Navy and Arctic explorer Gustav Holm (1849 – 1940).

Sermersooq
Sermersooq (Greenlandic pronunciation: [sɜm.mɜs.sɔːq̚]) is a municipality in Greenland, formed on 1 January 2009 from five previous, smaller municipalities, and is the largest municipality in the world by area. Its administrative seat is the city of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, and it is the most populous municipality in the country, with 24,229 inhabitants as of January 2025.
Sun and moon letters
In Arabic and Maltese, all consonants are classified into two distinct groups known as sun letters (Arabic: حروف شمسية ḥurūf shamsiyyah, Maltese: konsonanti xemxin) and moon letters (Arabic: حروف قمرية ḥurūf qamariyyah, Maltese: konsonanti qamrin).

This distinction affects the way the definite article (equivalent to "the" in English) is assimilated or pronounced before consonants: when a word begins with a sun letter, the definite article assimilates with the initial consonant of the word.

The names stem from how the definite article interacts with the nouns "Sun" and "Moon" in Arabic (and Maltese). In Arabic, al-shams (“the Sun”) becomes ash-shams (assimilating the lām), while al-qamar (“the Moon”) remains unchanged. Similarly, in Maltese, "the Sun" is ix-xemx (with assimilation), while "the Moon" is il-qamar (without assimilation).

Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ ⓘ, US also /-lɪ-/) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, to the base letter. Palatalization is not phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian; Uralic languages such as Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Enets and Mansi; Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; and other various languages such as Irish, Lithuanian, Marshallese and Kashmiri.