hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chiefdom of Sizhou
Chiefdom of Sizhou (Chinese: 思州土司; pinyin: Sīzhōu Tǔsī), ruled by the Tian clan, was an autonomous Tusi chiefdom established by Tian Zongxian (田宗顯) during the Sui dynasty. After he conquered the Qianzhong area (present-day eastern Guizhou Province), Tian Zongxian was recognized as the hereditary ruler of the region by the Sui court in 582.

Sizhou, Bozhou, Shuidong and Shuixi were called "Four Great Native Chiefdom in Guizhou" (贵州四大土司) by Chinese.  "Liangguang [ruled by] Cen and Huang, Sizhou and Bozhou [ruled by] Tian and Yang" (Chinese: 两广岑黄，思播田杨; pinyin: Liǎngguǎng Cén Huáng, Sī Bō Tián Yáng), an idiom current among Southwestern Mandarin speakers, proved that the Tian clan was once one of the most powerful clans in Southwestern China.

Cen (surname)
Cen is the Mandarin pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written 岑 in Chinese character. It is romanized Ts'en in Wade–Giles, and variously as  Sam, Sum, Sham, Shum  in Cantonese, Gim, Khim, Chim in Taiwanese Hokkien and Chen in other pinyin forms. Cen is listed 67th in the Song dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames. As of 2008, it is the 235th most common surname in China, shared by 340,000 people. Cen is considered a rare surname. A person with a rare surname like Cen may be able to trace his or her origins to a single ancestral area.
Shanshan County
Shanshan County (Chinese: 鄯善县) as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Uyghur as Piqan County (Uyghur: پىچان ناھىيىسى; Chinese: 皮羌县), is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Turpan. It contains an area of 39,548 km2 (15,270 sq mi), occupying the eastern majority of Turpan. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 210,000.

The county seat is in Shanshan Town.

SASM/GNC romanization
The former State Administration of Surveying and Mapping, Geographical Names Committee and former Script Reform Committee of the People's Republic of China have adopted several romanizations for Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan and Uyghur, officially known as pinyin, Regulation of Phonetic Transcription in Hanyu Pinyin Letters of Place Names in Minority Nationality Languages and Orthography of Chinese Personal Name in Hanyu Pinyin Letters. These systems may be referred to as SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions or SASM/GNC romanizations.

These romanization systems have been used for foreign translations of Chinese personal names and toponyms since 1978.

All schemes except pinyin have a strict form and a broad form, where the broad form is used in general. In the case of pinyin, tone marks are omitted in practice.
Ait Izdeg
Ait Izdeg is a commune in Midelt Province of the Drâa-Tafilalet administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8,431 people living in 1,503 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Charles William Digby Clifford
Charles William Digby Clifford (October 14, 1842 – May 10, 1916) was an Irish-born miner, trader, hotel owner and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cassiar from 1898 to 1903 and Skeena from 1903 to 1907 as a Conservative in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. He did not seek re-election in the 1907 provincial election.

He was born in Carrick-on-Shannon, County Leitrim, the son of Reverend R. S. Clifford and Harriet Young, and was educated in London. In 1888, he married Lucy Margaret McNeill. Clifford was a postmaster for the Hudson's Bay Company at Hazelton from 1885 to 1887; he was employed as a clerk there from 1887 to 1891 and at Fort Simpson from 1891 to 1896. He later owned a hotel and general store in Kitselas. In 1912, in partnership with Nels Anderson and John Walker "Jack" Patterson, he built the Nicholl Hotel. He died in Vancouver at the age of 73.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.
Barne Inlet
Barne Inlet (80°15′S 160°15′E﻿ / ﻿80.250°S 160.250°E﻿ / -80.250; 160.250) is a reentrant (an inlet formed by two spurs of land) on the west side of the Ross Ice Shelf, on the coast of Antarctica. It lies between Cape Kerr and Cape Selborne. It is about 17 nautical miles (30 km) wide, and is occupied by the lower part of Byrd Glacier.

It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–1904) and named for Lieutenant Michael Barne, Royal Navy, a member of the expedition, who with Sub-Lieutenant George Mulock mapped the coastline this far south in 1903.

Sub-lieutenant
Sub-lieutenant is usually a junior officer rank, used in armies, navies and air forces.

In most armies, sub-lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer rank. However, in Brazil, it is the highest non-commissioned rank, and in Spain, it is the second highest non-commissioned rank.

As a naval rank, a sub-lieutenant ranks below a lieutenant.
Benabarre
Benabarre (Spanish: [benaˈβare]), in Ribagorçan and Aragonese: Benavarri (locally [benaˈβari]) is a town and municipality in the Aragonese comarca of Ribagorza, in the province of Huesca, Spain.

Benabarre is the historical and cultural capital of the comarca. It is part of the geo-linguistic area of La Franja, where Ribagorçan dialect of Catalan is spoken. In ancient texts it appears as Benabarri.

It is located in the Pre-Pyrenees, 90 km from Huesca and 65 km from Lleida, at an altitud of 792 m, in a small syncline between Ésera and Cajigar rivers. Most of the territory, however, belongs to the Noguera Ribagorçana basin. To the north we find the Castillo de Laguarres mountain range, and to the south we find the Montsec Range. Through its municipal area runs the N-230 road, that connects Lleida and the Val d'Aran.

Province of Huesca
Huesca (Aragonese: Uesca; Catalan: Osca), officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. The capital is Huesca.

Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France and the French departments of Haute-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and Hautes-Pyrénées. Within Spain, Huesca's neighboring provinces are Navarre, Zaragoza, and Lleida.
USS Cincinnati
Five ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Cincinnati, after the city of Cincinnati, Ohio.

USS Cincinnati (1861) was an ironclad river gunboat commissioned in 1862, sunk twice in battle and raised each time, and sold in 1866.

USS Cincinnati (C-7) was a protected cruiser in service from 1894 to 1919.

USS Cincinnati (CL-6) was a light cruiser commissioned in 1924, on patrols in the Atlantic Ocean during World War II, and scrapped in 1946.

USS Cincinnati (SSN-693) was a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine in service from 1978 to 1996.

USS Cincinnati (LCS-20) is an Independence-class littoral combat ship.

USS Cincinnati (1861)
The City-class ironclad USS Cincinnati was a stern-wheel casemate gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was named for Cincinnati, Ohio, and was the first ship to bear that name in the United States Navy.
Laiyi, Pingtung
22°32′N 120°41′E﻿ / ﻿22.533°N 120.683°E﻿ / 22.533; 120.683

Laiyi Township (Chinese: 來義鄉; pinyin: Láiyì Xiāng; Wade–Giles: Lai2-i4 Hsiang1) is a mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan at the foot of Dawu Mountain. Laiyi is the native home of the Paiwan people. Many ancient customs and religious rites are still practiced in Laiyi, which has been regarded as the traditional religious center for the Paiwan Tribe.

Laiyi is scenic with many streams spanned by suspension bridges, waterfalls and cliffs, and aboriginal totem sculptures.

Township (Taiwan)
Townships are the third-level administrative subdivisions of counties of the Republic of China (Taiwan), along with county-administered cities. After World War II, the townships were established from the following conversions on the Japanese administrative divisions:

Although local laws do not enforce strict standards for classifying them, generally urban townships have a larger population and more business and industry than rural townships, but not to the extent of county-administered cities. Under townships, there is also the village as the base/fourth level of administration.

As of 2022, there are in all 184 townships, including 38 urban townships, 122 rural townships and 24 mountain indigenous townships. 174 townships with 35 urban and 115 rural townships are located in Taiwan Province and 10 townships with 3 urban and 7 rural townships are located in Fujian Province. Penghu and Lienchiang are the only two counties that do not have urban townships.
1963 Rotherham by-election
The 1963 Rotherham by-election was held on 28 March 1963 after the death of the Labour MP John Henry Jones in a road accident. It was won by the Labour candidate Brian O'Malley.

A total of 493 people serving in the Armed Forces applied for nomination papers to stand in the election, to avail of the automatic military discharge for Parliamentary candidates publicised by Malcolm Thompson at the 1962 Middlesbrough West by-election. Whereas Thompson's name had appeared on the ballot paper, by 1963 it was widely known that merely applying for papers sufficed for a discharge, without needing to submit the papers or pay an electoral deposit. Rotherham was the last election before the military rules for election discharge were tightened.

Election deposit
In an electoral system, a deposit is the sum of money that a candidate for an elected office, such as a seat in a legislature, is required to pay to an electoral authority before they are permitted to stand for election.

Typically, the deposit collected is returned to the candidate after the poll if the candidate obtains a specified proportion of the votes cast. The purpose of the deposit is to reduce the prevalence of unserious candidates or parties with no realistic chance of winning a seat. If the candidate does not achieve the refund threshold, the deposit is forfeited.
Zagustay
Zagustay (Russian: Загустай; Buryat: Загаһатай, Zagahatai) is a rural locality (an ulus) in Kizhinginsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 1,199 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

Buryat language
Buryat or Buriat, known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety of the Mongolic languages spoken by the Buryats and Bargas that is classified either as a language or major dialect group of Mongolian.
Lesley Manyathela
Lesley Phuti Manyathela (4 September 1981 – 9 August 2003) was a South African professional soccer player who played as a striker for Premier Soccer League club Orlando Pirates and the South African national team.

Nicknamed "Slow Poison" for his goalscoring prowess, Manyathela scored 48 goals in 73 appearances for Orlando Pirates and was the league's top goalscorer in 2003. Later that year, he was involved in a fatal car accident. Following his death, the PSL named its top scorer award after him, while the national team temporarily retired the number 19 jersey which he had previously worn.

Premier Soccer League
The Premier Soccer League (PSL) is the administrative body for professional soccer leagues and cups in South Africa. It is based in Johannesburg, and was founded in 1996 following an agreement between the National Soccer League and the remnants of the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL).

Affiliated to the South African Football Association (SAFA), the PSL organizes the country's top two professional divisions in the South African Premiership and the National First Division, and knockout cup competitions in the Nedbank Cup and the MTN 8. Teams that are relegated from the National First Division compete in the SAFA Second Division. They also organize a Youth League or PSL Reserve League DStv Diski Challenge.
Vicky Galindo
Victoria Noel Galindo-Piatt (born December 22, 1983), commonly known as Vicky Galindo, is an American, former collegiate All-American, medal-winning Olympian, three-time professional All-Star, softball player and current head coach at West Valley College. An infielder at second and third, Galindo played college softball at West Valley and later for California in the Pac-12 Conference, helping them to back-to-back national runner-up finishes at the 2003 and 2004 Women's College World Series. She was drafted to the Chicago Bandits of National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) winning two championships. She also played for the United States women's national softball team, winning a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

2003 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2003 NCAA Division I softball tournament was the twenty-second annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA women's collegiate softball. Held during May 2003, sixty-four Division I college softball teams contested the championship. The tournament featured eight regionals of eight teams, each in a double elimination format. The 2003 Women's College World Series was held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from May 22 through May 25 and marked the conclusion of the 2003 NCAA Division I softball season.  UCLA won their tenth NCAA championship and eleventh overall by defeating California 1–0 in the final game.  UCLA pitcher Keira Goerl, who threw a no-hitter in the final game, was named Women's College World Series Most Outstanding Player.
Op. 16
In music, Op. 16 stands for Opus number 16. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Quintet for Piano and Winds

Brahms – Serenade No. 2

Britten – Young Apollo

Chopin – Rondo in E-flat major

Dvořák – String Quartet No. 7

Enescu – Piano Quartet No. 1

Fauré – Berceuse

Glazunov – Symphony No. 2

Grieg – Piano Concerto

Prokofiev – Piano Concerto No. 2

Saint-Saëns – Suite for Cello and Piano

Schoenberg – Five Pieces for Orchestra

Schumann – Kreisleriana

Scriabin - 5 Preludes. see List of compositions by Alexander Scriabin

Shostakovich – Tahiti Trot

Sibelius – Spring Song (Vårsång), tone poem for orchestra (1894, revised 1895)

Strauss – Aus Italien

Suk – Fairy Tale

Tchaikovsky - 6 Songs, see List of compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Vierne – Messe solennelle

Zemlinsky – Eine florentinische Tragödie

Symphony No. 2 (Glazunov)
The Symphony No. 2 in F-sharp minor, Op. 16, was composed by Alexander Glazunov in 1884–1886, premiered in 1886 in St Petersburg, and published in 1889. It is dedicated to the memory of Franz Liszt.

It is in four movements:

Andante maestoso – Allegro

Andante

Scherzo. Allegro

Finale. Intrada – Andante sostenuto – Allegro
Make It Easy
"Make It Easy" is a 1991 song by the progressive rock band Yes. An early version of this song from 1981 was written and sung by Trevor Rabin, originally as a demo titled "Don't Give In". It was later re-worked by Yes which included Chris Squire, Alan White and Tony Kaye after Jon Anderson made his departure from the band.

The song was unreleased until 1991, when it was included on the Yes boxed set Yesyears and released as a cassette single backed with "Long Distance Runaround". The single debuted on the Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in August 1991, eventually peaking at number 36. It was later included as a bonus track on the remastered version of 90125.

Chris Squire
Christopher Russell Edward Squire (4 March 1948 – 27 June 2015) was an English musician, singer and songwriter best known as the bassist and backing vocalist of the progressive rock band Yes. He was the longest-serving original member, having remained in the band until his death. In 2017, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.

Squire was widely regarded as the dominant bassist among the English progressive rock bands, influencing peers and later generations of bassists with his incisive sound and elaborately contoured, melodic bass lines. His name was associated with his trademark instrument, the Rickenbacker 4001 (British model RM1999). From 1991 to 2000, Rickenbacker produced a limited-edition signature model bass in his name, the 4001CS.
German-Canadian history in British Columbia
German-Canadian history in British Columbia began with the onset of the Fraser Gold Rush in 1858, when Germans, Austrians, Swiss Germans and other German-ethnic men arrived in British Columbia en masse as part of the migration to the new Colony of British Columbia from the California goldfields.  Many notable figures in that gold rush and the subsequent Cariboo Gold Rush and other British Columbia gold rushes, with many staying on and settling, including many who founded ranches such as the Richter Ranch between Oliver and Keremeos.  Like the rest of the province, Greater Vancouver has had historic immigration from Germany.

Many from southwest Germany arrived in the newly settled Vancouver. Some were in the middle class, and some worked as shopkeepers and craftspersons. A wave of post-World War II immigration also came from Germany. There were about 8,000 ethnic Germans born outside Canada who resided in Vancouver in 1960.

Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush (also Fraser Gold Rush and Fraser River Gold Rush) began in 1858 after gold was discovered on the Thompson River in British Columbia at its confluence with the Nicoamen River a few miles upstream from the Thompson's confluence with the Fraser River at present-day Lytton. The rush overtook the region around the discovery and was centred on the Fraser Canyon from around Hope and Yale to Pavilion and Fountain, just north of Lillooet.

Though the rush was largely over by 1927, miners from the rush spread out and found a sequence of other gold fields throughout the British Columbia Interior and North, most famously that in the Cariboo.  The rush is credited with instigating European-Canadian settlement on the mainland of British Columbia.  It was the catalyst for the founding of the Colony of British Columbia, the building of early road infrastructure, and the founding of many towns.
Bruffey Creek
Bruffey Creek (also Bruffey's Creek) is a stream in Pocahontas County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The nearest town is Lobelia, West Virginia.

The creek's sink joins the Hills Creek sink to form the Hills-Bruffey cave system.

Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet. A cenote is a type of sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath. Sink and stream sink are more general terms for sites which drain surface water, possibly by infiltration into sediment or crumbled rock.

Most sinkholes are caused by karst processes – the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks, collapse or suffosion processes. Sinkholes are usually circular and vary in size from tens to hundreds of meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.
Gun laying
Gun laying or gun training is the process of aiming an artillery piece or turret, such as a gun, howitzer, or mortar, on land, at sea, or in air, against surface or aerial targets. It may be laying for either direct fire, where the gun is aimed directly at a target within the line-of-sight of the user, or by indirect fire, where the gun is not aimed directly at a target within the line-of-sight of the user. Indirect fire is determined from the information or data that is collected, calculated, and applied to physical coordinates to identify the location of the target by the user. The term includes automated aiming using, for example, radar-derived target data and computer-controlled guns.

Barr and Stroud
Barr & Stroud Limited was a pioneering Glasgow optical engineering firm. They played a leading role in developing modern optics, including rangefinders, for the Royal Navy and other branches of British Armed Forces during the 20th century. There was a non-military arm of the company which made medical equipment, like photocoagulators and electronic filters, some of which were used by the BBC. The company and its intellectual property passed through Pilkington group to Thales Optronics. The Barr and Stroud name was sold to an importer of optical equipment (Optical Vision Ltd), who used the trademarked name for a line of binoculars and similar instruments.
Pie, Pie Blackbird
Pie, Pie Blackbird is a 1932 Vitaphone pre-Code short comedy film released by Warner Bros. on June 4, 1932, starring African American performers Nina Mae McKinney, the Nicholas Brothers (in their film debut, albeit uncredited), Eubie Blake, and Noble Sissle.

McKinney and the Nicholas Brothere were reunited in another Roy Mack musical short film written by A. Dorian Otvos, The Black Network (1936).

A clip from the film is included in That's Black Entertainment (1989) and the TV special It's Black Entertainment (2002). The full film is available on DVD for Hallelujah! (1929).

Vitaphone
Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone is the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one that was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack is not printed on the film, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at 33+1⁄3 rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter, are played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film is projected. Its frequency response is 4300 Hz. Many early talkies, such as The Jazz Singer (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

The "Vitaphone" trademark was later associated with cartoons and other short subjects that had optical soundtracks and did not use discs.
HMS Sparkler
Two vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Sparkler:

HMS Sparkler (1797) was  launched at Rotherhithe in April 1797 and sold in September 1802. She then became a merchantman that a French privateer captured and that the Royal Navy recaptured. She was wrecked in 1814.

HMS Sparkler (1804) was launched at Brightlingsea in August 1804 and wrecked on the Dutch coast in January 1808.

HMS Sparkler (1797)
HMS Sparkler was an Acute-class gunvessel launched in 1797 as GB No.7 and renamed HMS Sparkler in August 1797. She served the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Navy sold her in 1802. She became a merchantman. In 1813 a French privateer captured her but the Royal Navy recaptured her shortly thereafter. She was wrecked in February 1814.
Chembe (constituency)
Chembe is a constituency of the National Assembly of Zambia. It covers Chembe and Kundamfuma in Chembe District of Luapula Province, and was created in 2016 when the former Chembe constituency was renamed Milenge.

National Assembly of Zambia
The National Assembly is Zambia's unicameral legislative body. Between 1972 and 1990, Zambia was a one-party state with the United National Independence Party (UNIP) as the sole legal party.

The current National Assembly, formed following elections held in 2021, has a total of 166 members. 156 members are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple plurality (or first-past-the-post) system. Eight additional seats are filled through presidential appointment. The Speaker, first deputy speaker and the Vice President are also granted a seat in the assembly.