hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhododendron recurvoides
Rhododendron recurvoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. It is native to northeastern Upper Myanmar, where it grows at altitudes of about 3,400 m (11,200 ft). It is a dwarf shrub that grows to 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft) in height, with leathery leaves that are lanceolate to oblanceolate, and 3-7 x l-2 cm in size. The flowers are white flushed with pink, and spotted crimson.

Upper Myanmar
Upper Myanmar (Burmese: အထက်မြန်မာပြည် or မြန်မာပြည်အထက်ပိုင်း, also called Upper Burma) is one of two geographic regions in Myanmar, the other being Lower Myanmar. Located in the country's centre and north stretches, Upper Myanmar encompasses six inland states and regions, including Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions, and Chin, Kachin and Shan States. By contrast, Lower Myanmar encompasses the southern and coastal-facing regions of Myanmar. Upper Myanmar is home to several distinct cultural regions, including the homeland of the Bamar in the low-lying central plains, and those of the Chin, Kachin, and Shan peoples in the highlands. Home to over 23 million people, the region's agricultural sector, natural resources, and shared borders with India, China, and Thailand have made Upper Myanmar a major economic hub. Four of Myanmar's ten largest cities—Mandalay, Taunggyi, Monywa, and Myitkyina—are located in the region.
NABI CompoBus
The NABI CompoBus is a line of low-floor composite-bodied transit buses available in 40' and 45' rigid lengths manufactured by North American Bus Industries (NABI) between 2002 and 2013. In addition to the different available lengths, the buses were sold with a variety of prime movers, ranging from conventional diesel and LNG/CNG combustion engines to diesel-electric hybrid.

The CompoBus complemented the existing LFW line and the 40-foot models were essentially identical in appearance; the larger 45-foot Metro 45C carried distinctive styling. Because the bus body was assembled in Hungary using a licensed process, the CompoBus initially required a waiver from the FTA to exempt it from Buy America requirements. The CompoBus line was discontinued in 2013; the primary users were the transit agencies serving Los Angeles, California, and Phoenix, Arizona.

Hybrid electric bus
A hybrid electric bus is a bus that combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. These types of buses normally use a diesel–electric powertrain and are also known as hybrid diesel–electric buses.

The introduction of hybrid electric vehicles and other green vehicles for purposes of public transport forms a part of sustainable transport schemes.
Electoral district of Wentworthville
Wentworthville was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, first created in 1962. The seat was absorbed into surrounding electorates in a redistribution prior to the 1991 election and recreated in the redistribution prior to the 1999 election. At the 2003 election, Pam Allan won the seat with 54% of the first preference votes. This was a marginal improvement over the 1999 election. It was abolished again for the 2007 election, with the larger part of it going to the new electoral district of Toongabbie.

Between 2003 and 2007, the electorate covers 21,589 km2, taking in suburbs from several local government areas including Girraween, Greystanes, Northmead, Pendle Hill, Toongabbie, Winston Hills, Wentworthville and part of Prospect.

Winston Hills
Winston Hills is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Winston Hills is located 28 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government areas of the City of Parramatta and The Hills Shire. Winston Hills is part of the Hills District region of Greater Western Sydney.
Tamasna
Tamasna (Berber: Tamesna, ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵏⴰ, Arabic: تامسنا, romanized: Tāmasnā) is a historical region between Bou Regreg and Tensift in Morocco. It includes the modern regions of Chaouia, Doukkala, Abda, Rhamna, Sraghna and Chiadma. The indigenous population is that of Barghwata who were driven by the Almoravids who installed the Bedouin Arabs.

El Kelâa des Sraghna Province
El Kelâa des Sraghna, or Kelaat Sraghna (Arabic: إقليم قلعة السراغنة) is a province in the Moroccan economic region of Marrakesh-Safi. Its population in 2024 was 560,075. In 2009, its western half was separated to form Rehamna Province.

The major cities and towns are:

El Kelaâ Des Sraghna

Tamallalt

Laattaouia

Sidi Rahhal

Assahrij

Fraita
Islam in East Java
Islam is the most common religion in the Indonesian province of East Java, embraced by 96.7% of the whole population. Throughout its history, East Java has been considered one of the heartlands of Islam in Indonesia; the province experienced one of the earliest proliferations of Islam, as well as the establishment of the largest Islamic mass organization in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama.

Gresik Regency
Gresik Regency (older spelling: Grissee, Javanese: ꦒꦽꦱꦶꦏ꧀) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the northern and western suburbs of the city of Surabaya, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java and Madura. Almost a third of the Gresik Regency's area is the coastal area; the Districts in this zone are Kebomas District, (part of) Gresik District, Manyar District, Bungah District, and Ujungpangkah District.

The regency covers and an area of 1,191.26 km2, and it had a population of 1,177,042 at the 2010 Census and 1,311,215 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,327,497 (comprising 667,540 males and 659,957 females).  The regency's administrative centre is the town of Gresik, about 25 km to the northwest of Surabaya. Gresik Regency (excluding Bawean Island) is also part of Gerbangkertosusila, the metropolitan region of Surabaya.
De Visser
de Visser is a Dutch occupational surname meaning "the fisherman". Notable people with that name include:

Eefje de Visser (born 1986), Dutch singer-songwriter

Johannes Theodoor de Visser (1857–1932), Dutch Minister of Science and Education

Piet de Visser (football manager) (born 1934), Dutch football manager

Piet de Visser (politician) (1931–2012), Dutch politician

Eefje de Visser
Eefje de Visser (born 8 February 1986) is a Dutch singer-songwriter. She won the Grote Prijs van Nederland, a national competition for musicians, in 2009. She released her first album, De Koek, in 2011, a breakthrough year in which she performed (accompanied by a four-man band called Most Unpleasant Men) at three major Dutch festivals: the Oerol Festival, Lowlands, and the Uitmarkt.

On 14 December 2015 Eefje de Visser released a new song, "Scheef", on YouTube. The album Nachtlicht followed the next year. In 2020 she released her fourth album Bitterzoet, followed by a European tour supporting Balthazar.
Federal State of Loreto
The Federal State of Loreto was an unrecognised self-proclaimed federated state within Peru, that was proclaimed on 2 May 1896 during the Loretan Insurrection. It was formed from the Department of Loreto and existed as de facto autonomous region of the county. It was dissolved on 10 July 1896, after the rebellion was crushed by Peruvian forces. The state was proclaimed in order to gain more autonomy for the region as well as to reform Peru into a federal state. Its capital was Iquitos.

Loretan Insurrection of 1896
Loretan Insurrection of 1896 was a rebellion of the population of the Department of Loreto against the government of Peru, fought from 2 May 1896 to 10 July 1896. During the insurrection, the population demanded federalization of Peru, and the reformation of Loreto into the autonomous state, which lead to self-proclamation of Federal State of Loreto (Spanish: Estado Federal de Loreto), de facto autonomous region within Peru. On 10 July 1896, the rebellion was defeated by the government forces and the Federal State was disestablished.
KDB Darulehsan
KDB Darulehsan (07) is the second ship of the Darussalam class offshore patrol vessels in the sultanate of Brunei Darussalam.  The vessel is in active service in the Royal Brunei Navy (RBN) (Malay: Tentera Laut Diraja Brunei, TLDB).

Lürssen
Lürssen (or Lürssen Werft) is a German shipyard with headquarters in Bremen-Vegesack and shipbuilding facilities in Lemwerder, Berne and Bremen-Fähr-Lobbendorf.

Lürssen designs and constructs yachts, naval ships and special vessels. Trading as Lürssen Yachts, it is one of the leading builders of custom superyachts such as Paul Allen's Octopus, David Geffen's Rising Sun, and Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan's Azzam, the second largest private yacht in the world at 180 m in length after the REV Ocean.
Jarosite
Jarosite is a basic hydrous sulfate of potassium and ferric iron (Fe-III) with a chemical formula of KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6. This sulfate mineral is formed in ore deposits by the oxidation of iron sulfides. Jarosite is often produced as a byproduct during the purification and refining of zinc and is also commonly associated with acid mine drainage and acid sulfate soil environments.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Piccadilly Arcade
Piccadilly Arcade runs between Piccadilly and Jermyn Street in the City of Westminster. It was opened in 1909, having been designed by Thrale Jell, and is a Grade II listed building.

The arcade is composed of twenty-eight shops on the ground floor. The first floor was originally offices, but converted to the Felix Hotel in 1915. The buildings were bombed in 1941 during World War II and not fully restored until 1957.

Among the shops in the arcade are the Royal Warrant holder Benson & Clegg, who moved here in 1976 from their previous location in Jermyn Street.

A bronze statue of Beau Brummell stands at the Jermyn Street end of the arcade, designed by Irena Sidiecka.

Beau Brummell
George Bryan "Beau" Brummell (7 June 1778 – 30 March 1840) was an important figure in Regency England, and for many years he was the arbiter of British men's fashion. At one time, he was a close friend of the Prince Regent, the future King George IV, but after the two quarrelled and Brummell got into debt, he had to take refuge in France. Eventually, he died from complications of neurosyphilis in Caen.

Brummell was remembered afterwards as the preeminent example of the dandy, and a whole literature was founded upon his manner and witty sayings, which have persisted until today. His name is still associated with style and good looks and has been given to a variety of modern products to suggest their high quality.
Craig Watkins
Craig Marcus Watkins (November 16, 1967 – December 12, 2023) was an American lawyer who was the district attorney for Dallas County, Texas from 2007 to 2015. He became the first elected African-American district attorney in Texas when he was elected in 2006.

Dallas County, Texas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,613,539, and was estimated to be 2,656,028 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in Texas and the eighth-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Dallas, the third-most populous city in Texas and the ninth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on March 30, 1846 and was possibly named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States under U.S. President James K. Polk. Dallas County is included in the eleven-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan statistical area, which is the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

Municipal expansion within Dallas County has blurred the geographic lines between cities and between neighboring counties.
Eion (Thrace)
Eion (Ancient Greek: Ἠϊών) was a town in ancient Thrace. It was a colony of the Mendaeans, which was betrayed to the Athenians, and retaken by the Chalcidians and Bottiaeans in 425 BCE. Eustathius placed Eion in the Chersonesus, but, as William Smith suggests that was much too remote for the Chalcidians to have marched to recover a town, Eion must have been on some point of the long and winding coast which extends from the Strymon River to the Axius River.

Eustathius of Thessalonica
Eustathius of Thessalonica (or Eustathios of Thessalonike; Greek: Εὐστάθιος Θεσσαλονίκης; c. 1115 – c. 1195/6) was a Byzantine Greek scholar and Archbishop of Thessalonica and is a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is most noted for his stand against the sack of Thessalonica by the Normans in 1185, contemporary account of the event, for his orations and for his commentaries on Homer, which incorporate many remarks by much earlier researchers.

He was officially canonized on June 10, 1988, and his feast day is on September 20.
Jacques Simon (cyclist)
Jacques Simon (1 October 1938 – 7 October 2021) was a French cyclist. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the 100 km team time trial and finished in seventh place. Between 1961 and 1977 he won at least 14 one-day races.

Cycling at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
These are the official results of the Men's Team Time Trial at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy, held on 26 August 1960. There were 126 participants from 32 nations.

The event, which was held in extremely hot conditions, was marred by the death of Knud Enemark Jensen, who collapsed from sunstroke and suffered a fractured skull. It was later determined that before the race Jensen had taken Ronicol, a blood circulation stimulant.
Ahmed Jamal (cricketer)
Ahmed Jamal (born 3 September 1988) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer who plays for Sui Southern Gas Company. He is a six feet four inches (193 cm) tall right-arm pace bowler. In October 2017, he took nine wickets for 50 runs for Sui Southern Gas Corporation against Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited in the 2017–18 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, his career-best figures.

Jamal is noted for winning Pakistan’s “King of Speed” competition in 2013, registering a bowling speed of 143 km/h.

Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited cricket team
Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited cricket team is a first-class cricket team that plays in the Patron's Trophy. In May 2019, Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan revamped the domestic cricket structure in Pakistan, excluding departmental teams in favour of regional sides, therefore ending the participation of the team. The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) was criticised in removing departmental sides, with players voicing their concern to revive the teams. The team was refounded in the 2023/24 season after a revamp of the domestic structure.
Church of San Giusto, Volterra
The Church of Santi Giusto e Clemente (Saints Justin and Clement) is a Roman Catholic church in Volterra, Pisa, region of Tuscany, Italy. It is also known as San Giusto or San Giusto Nuovo. For some 850 years, the church was affiliated to an adjacent Benedictine monastery, the Abbey of Sts. Justin and Clement, which is no longer extant.

Province of Pisa
The province of Pisa (Italian: provincia di Pisa) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of 2,448 square kilometres (945 mi2) and a total population of 421,642 (As of 2014), it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 comuni (sg.: comune).

With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower, and other historic landmarks that attract tourists.
Psammosteidae
Psammosteidae  is an extinct family of flattened, benthic heterostracan vertebrates that lived in marine and estuary environments in Europe, Russia & North America. They arose during the Early Devonian, with the first (and best) known genus, Drepanaspis from the Hunsrück lagerstätte.  The Psammosteids were the only heterostracans that survived the Upper Frasnian extinction event during the Late Devonian, dying out in the extinction event at the very end of the Devonian.

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Dorothy W. Douglas
Dorothy Wolff Douglas (1890-1968) was an economist and author educated at Columbia University, where she received her A.M. and Ph.D. degrees. She is best known for the book Child workers in America and for the accusation of communism from the House Un-American Activities Committee, where she refused to say whether she was a Communist.

House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA), popularly the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives created in 1938. Their goal was to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties. It became a standing (permanent) committee in 1946. Then, from 1969 and onward, it was known as the House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee.

The committee's anti-communist investigations are often associated with McCarthyism, although Joseph McCarthy himself (as a U.S. senator) had no direct involvement with the House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate, not the House.
Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development
Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development, by Gunther Schuller, is a seminal study of jazz from its origins through the early 1930s, first published in 1968.  It has since been translated into five languages (Italian, French, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish). When it was published, it was the first volume of a projected two volume history of jazz through the Swing era.  (Schuller died before he could write a promised third volume, on the bebop period and after.)  The book takes an enthusiastic tone to its subject.  A notable feature of the series is transcriptions of jazz performances, which increase its value for the musically literate.

Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith (April 15, 1892 – September 26, 1937) was an African-American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. Nicknamed the "Empress of the Blues" and formerly Queen of the Blues, she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1930s. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, she is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists.

Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Smith was young when her parents died, and she and her six siblings survived by performing on street corners. She began touring and performed in a group that included Ma Rainey, and then went out on her own. Her successful recording career with Columbia Records began in  1923, but her performing career was cut short by a car crash that killed her at the age of 45.
Armand Reclus
Armand Reclus (13 March 1843 – 9 January 1927) was a French naval engineer and geographer, known for his involvement in the development of the Panama Canal. He graduated top of his class in the Imperial Naval College in 1862, and went on to take part in campaigns in the Pacific and in French colonial actions in Indochina.

Like his brothers, Élisée, Élie, Onésime, and Paul Reclus, Armand was a geographer and took part in the 1876–1878 exploration of the Darien with Ferdinand de Lesseps. The route for the Panama Canal that he proposed was adopted by the International Geography Congress in 1879, and he directed the drilling site as the project began. However, he resigned in 1882 after realising the scale of the challenge.

After leaving the French navy, he owned vineyards in France and Tunisia where he spent his time. He returned to France in 1911, and died in 1927 – the last of the Reclus brothers.

Ferdinand de Lesseps
Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps (French: [lesɛps]; 19 November 1805 – 7 December 1894) was a French Orientalist diplomat and later developer of the Suez Canal, which in 1869, joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas, substantially reducing sailing distances and times between Europe and East Asia.

He attempted to repeat this success with an effort to build a Panama Canal at sea level during the 1880s, but the project was devastated by epidemics of malaria and yellow fever in the area, as well as by financial problems, and the planned Lesseps Panama Canal was never completed. Eventually, the project was bought out by the United States, which solved the medical problems and changed the design to a non-sea- level canal with locks. It was completed in 1914.
Danny Pope
Daniel Geziano Pope (born 11 February 1960, of English and Italian heritage) is a bespoke photographic printer and restorer.  Pope has printed works  for photographers such as Andrew Catlin, David Hiscock, Linda McCartney, Gian Paolo Barbieri, Calum Colvin, Tim Page, Corinne Day, Ian McKell, Brian Aris, Eve Arnold, The Douglas Brothers, Terry O’Neil, David Bailey, Barry Lategan and Terence Donovan.

Panorama Magazine called Pope the "Master of Polopan Printing". Pope was the first color printer to win the Ilford Printer of the Year Award in 1993.

Barry Lategan
Barry Lategan (7 January 1935 – 11 August 2024) was a South African-born fashion, editorial and commercial photographer, best known for his discovery of, and early work with, Twiggy and for British Vogue and Italian Vogue.
Flego
Flego is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edo Flego (born 1975), Croatian football player

Enzo Flego (1940–2025), Italian politician

Igor Flego (born 1961), Yugoslav tennis player

Lorella Flego (born 1974), Slovenian television presenter

Valter Flego (born 1972), Croatian politician

Enzo Flego
Enzo Flego (11 August 1940 – 8 April 2025) was an Italian politician. A member of the Lega Nord, he served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1992 to 1996.

Flego died in Verona on 8 April 2025, at the age of 84.