hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Optimization mechanism
In network science, the optimization mechanism is a network growth algorithm, which randomly places new nodes in the system, and connects them to the existing nodes based on a cost-benefit analysis. Depending on the parameters used in the optimization mechanism, the algorithm can build three types of networks: a star network, a random network, and a scale-free network. Optimization mechanism is thought to be the underlying mechanism in several real networks, such as transportation networks, power grid, router networks, the network of highways, etc.

Node (networking)
In networking, a node (Latin: nodus, 'knot') is either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint within telecommunication networks or computer networks.

A physical network node is an electronic device that is attached to a network, and is capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting information over a communication channel. In data communication, a physical network node may either be data communication equipment (such as a modem, hub, bridge or switch) or data terminal equipment (such as a digital telephone handset, a printer or a host computer).

A passive distribution point, such as a distribution frame or patch panel is not considered to be a node.
The Citadel Bulldogs basketball, 1930–1939
The Citadel Bulldogs basketball teams represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.  The program was established in 1900–01, and has continuously fielded a team since 1912–13.  Their primary rivals are College of Charleston, Furman and VMI.

Charleston Cougars men's basketball
The Charleston Cougars men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team representing the College of Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina. The Cougars compete in the Coastal Athletic Association. Home games are played at TD Arena, located on College of Charleston's campus. While a member of the NAIA, they were National Champions in 1983. The Cougars have appeared in the NCAA tournament seven times, most recently in 2024.
Flemming Jensen (fl. 1980s)
Flemming Jensen is a Danish lightweight rower.

At the 1982 World Rowing Championships in Lucerne, he won a bronze medal with the lightweight men's four. At the 1983 World Rowing Championships in Duisburg, he started with the lightweight men's eight and came third. He won a gold medal at the 1984 World Rowing Championships in Montreal with the lightweight men's eight. At the 1986 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham, he won another bronze medal with the lightweight men's eight. At the 1987 World Rowing Championships in Copenhagen, he came fifth with the lightweight men's four.

Lightweight rowing
Lightweight rowing (abbreviated Lwt or Lt) is a category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of competitors. According to the International Rowing Federation (FISA), this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people".

At the international level, for crew boats, the limits are:

Men: Crew average 70 kg (154.3 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb)

Women: Crew average 57 kg (125.7 lb) – no rower over 59 kg (130.1 lb)

For single sculls, the limits are 72.5 kg (159.8 lb) for men and 59 kg (130.1 lb) for women.
Wuhan–Xiaogan intercity railway
The Wuhan–Xiaogan intercity railway (simplified Chinese: 武孝城际铁路; traditional Chinese: 武孝城際鐵路; pinyin: Wǔ-Xiào Chéngjì Tiělù) is an intercity railway connecting Wuhan and Xiaogan. It is a part of Wuhan Metropolitan Area intercity railway. It was opened on December 1, 2016.

Xiaogan
Xiaogan (Chinese: 孝感; pinyin: Xiàogǎn) is a prefecture-level city in east-central Hubei province, People's Republic of China, some 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of the provincial capital of Wuhan. According to the 2020 census, its population totaled 4,270,371, of whom 988,479 lived in the built-up (or metro) area of Xiaonan District.

The city name Xiaogan, meaning Filial Piety Moves Tian (Chinese: 孝行感天), is from the story of Dong Yong, who sold himself for his father's funeral, in The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars.

The Sheshui River originates in Xiaogan's Dawu County. On the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, many in Wuhan eat 'di cai zhu ji dan' (地菜煮鸡蛋) which is supposed to prevent illness in the coming year. This practice is related to a story involving Shennong in Xiaogan.
Onigum, Minnesota
Onigum (Ojibwemowin: Onigamiinsing) is an unincorporated community in Shingobee Township, Cass County, Minnesota, United States, near Walker, along Cass County Road 13.  The name Onigum (Onigam) means "portage" in the Ojibwe language.

Walker, Minnesota
Walker is a city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 966 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Walker is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Minnesota State Highways 34, 200, and 371 are three of the main routes in the city.
Sally R. Osberg
Sally R. Osberg an American business executive who formerly served as president and CEO of the Skoll Foundation, where she partnered with founder and chairman, Jeffrey Skoll. She was the founding executive director of the Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose.

Osberg joined the Skoll Foundation in February 2001. Since that time, the Foundation has invested in more than 100 ventures led by social entrepreneurs worldwide. Osberg also established the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship at the Saïd Business School of the University of Oxford; and created the annual Skoll Foundation.

Osberg received her B.A. in English from Scripps College and her M.A. in English and American Literature from the Claremont Graduate University. She now lives in Wayne, Pennsylvania.

Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship
The Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship is an academic entity for the advancement of social entrepreneurship at Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford. The Centre's goal is to "maximise the impact of social entrepreneurship to transform unjust or unsatisfactory systems or practices around the world and address critical social and environmental challenges."
Ooo La La La (Teena Marie song)
"Ooo La La La" is a single by American R&B singer Teena Marie, which was released in May 27, 1988 and is featured on her album Naked to the World, released during the same year. The single became Teena Marie's biggest hit on the R&B chart. "Ooo La La La"  peaked at number one on the Billboard R&B chart, and Marie's only number-one single on that chart. It peaked at number 85 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The single had a resurgence in popularity when the song was interpolated by the Fugees on the group's 1996 hit single "Fu-Gee-La". That same year, this song was covered by Experience Unlimited on their album Make Money. Trey Songz also heavily sampled the chorus of the song in his 2014 hit "Na Na". It was also covered by the trip hop group Attica Blues on a Japan-exclusive single release in 1998.
 American singer Beyoncé sampled "Ooo La La La" for her single "Energy" for her seventh studio album Renaissance (2022).

Na Na (song)
"Na Na" is a song by American singer Trey Songz, released as an audio on December 26, 2013, then released on January 21, 2014 as the lead single from his sixth studio album, Trigga (2014) which was released on July 1, 2014. The song features production from Mustard, and the chorus interpolates Fugees' hit "Fu-Gee-La" (1996).
Devil Mountain (Alaska)
Devil Mountain (Iñupiaq: Iġġiasaaq) is a small shield volcano in the U.S. state of Alaska, located 5 mi (8.0 km) south of the Devil Mountain Lakes and 53 mi (85 km) northwest of Deering. It has an elevation of 794 ft (242 m) or 797 ft (243 m).

The mountain is part of the Espenberg volcanic field, a group of Pleistocene maars and shield volcanoes at the northern tip of the Seward Peninsula just south of the Arctic Circle.

Devil Mountain was named Teufelsberg by Lieutenant Otto von Kotzebue in 1816, which means Devils Mountain in the German language.

Otto von Kotzebue
Otto von Kotzebue (Russian: О́тто Евста́фьевич Коцебу́; 30 December 1787 – 15 February 1846) was a Baltic German naval officer in the Imperial Russian Navy. He commanded two naval expeditions into the Pacific for the purposes of exploration and scientific investigation. The first expedition explored Oceania and the western coast of North America and passed through the Bering Strait in search of a passage across the Arctic Ocean. His second voyage was intended as a military resupply mission to Kamchatka but again included significant explorations of the west coast of North America and Oceania.
Strength athletics in the United States
Strength athletics in the United States refers to the various strongman competitions organized throughout United States and North America with the elements of all of strength athletics taken into account. United States has held a preeminent position as a nation due to the enormous success of its competitors on the international stage, who between Bruce Wilhelm, Don Reinhoudt, Bill Kazmaier, Mark Henry, Phil Pfister, Derek Poundstone, Brian Shaw, Mike Jenkins and Martins Licis have won twelve World's Strongest Man titles, eight Arnold Strongman Classic titles, in addition to numerous other international strongman competitions won by various different athletes. United States has both amateur and professional sanctioning bodies in the sport.

Martins Licis
Martins Licis (Latvian: Mārtiņš Līcis, pronounced [ˈmaːrtiɲʃ ˈliːtsis]; born September 28, 1990) is a Latvian-American professional strongman. He is notable for winning the 2019 World's Strongest Man, the 2022 Arnold Strongman Classic, and the 2021 Rogue Invitational strongman championships.

He's the fourth strongman out of five in history to win both World's Strongest Man and Arnold Strongman Classic competitions with Žydrūnas Savickas, Brian Shaw, Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson and Mitchell Hooper also achieving this.

Licis is the current world record holder of the Steinborn squat, Thor's Hammer one arm grip lift, Inver Stones loading (hitching post setup), Rogue-a-Coaster and Conan's Wheel of Pain strongman events.
Platani, Achaea
Platani (Greek: Πλατάνι) is a village in the municipal unit of Rio, Achaea, Greece. It is situated in the northern foothills of the Panachaiko mountain. It is 4 km east of Rio, and 2 km south of Agios Vasileios.

Achaea
Achaea (/əˈkiːə/) or Achaia (/əˈkaɪə/), sometimes transliterated from Greek as Akhaia (Αχαΐα, Akhaḯa, Greek: [axaˈia]), is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Western Greece and is situated in the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The capital is Patras which is the third largest city in Greece.
Zec de la Rivière-Madeleine
The Zec Rivière-Madeleine is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC) located in the unorganized territory of Mont-Albert, La Haute-Gaspésie Regional County Municipality, Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec, Canada. The main purpose of the ZEC is to manage the salmon fishing. Since 1992, the "Corporation de développement de la rivière Madeleine" administers this salmon ZEC.

Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine
Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine (French pronunciation: [ɡaspezi il də la madlɛn]) is an administrative region of Quebec consisting of the Gaspé Peninsula (Gaspésie) and the Îles-de-la-Madeleine.  It lies in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence at the eastern extreme of southern Quebec. The predominant economic activities are fishing, forestry and tourism.
Hennepin, Oklahoma
Hennepin is an unincorporated community along State Highway 7 in extreme southern Garvin County, Oklahoma, United States, near the point where Carter, Garvin and Murray counties intersect. As of the 2020 census, Hennepin had a population of 143. Hennepin County was named for Father Louis Hennepin, a member of Lasalle's Louisiana Expedition.

Carter County, Oklahoma
Carter County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,003. Its county seat is Ardmore. The county was named for Captain Ben W. Carter, a Cherokee who lived among the Chickasaw. Carter County is part of the Ardmore Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is also a part of the Texoma region.
Speaker of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly
The Speaker of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, the unicameral legislature of the Australian Capital Territory.

The current speaker is Jeremy Hanson of the Canberra Liberals.

Canberra Liberals
The Canberra Liberals, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (Australian Capital Territory Division), is the division of the Liberal Party of Australia in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The party has been in opposition in the ACT Legislative Assembly for much of its existence, but held power with the support of minor parties and independents between 1989 and 1991 and again between 1995 and 2001. As of 2025, it is the only state or territory division of either major party to be unrepresented in the federal parliament.
Bead maze
A bead maze or bead roller coaster is a children's toy. Bead mazes feature a wooden base with brightly-colored rigid wires strung from one side of the base to the other, often in intricate tracks that loop and intertwine with one another. Large wooden beads, often themselves brightly colored and sometimes having differing shapes, are strung along these wires, allowing the child to move the beads along the tracks from one side to the other.

Designed for children aged 18 months to 5 years, bead mazes are purported to encourage eye-hand coordination, spatial memory, and color and shape recognition through manipulation of the beads in three-dimensional space.
They are a common fixture in waiting rooms of doctors' offices to keep children entertained while waiting to be seen.

Bead
A bead is a small, decorative object that is formed in a variety of shapes and sizes of a material such as stone, bone, shell, glass, plastic, wood, or pearl and with a small hole for threading or stringing. Beads range in size from under 1 mm to over 1 cm in diameter.

Beads represent some of the earliest forms of jewellery, with a pair of beads made from Nassarius sea snail shells dating to approximately 100000 years ago thought to be the earliest known example.Beadwork is the art or craft of making things with beads. Beads can be woven together with specialized thread, strung onto thread or soft, flexible wire, or adhered to a surface (e.g. fabric, clay).
Custodial deaths in the United Kingdom
Deaths in custody, including police and prison custody, are subject to significant concern for a number of reasons, including the intrinsically vulnerable nature of some of those in custody, and the power imbalance inherent in the situation. Deaths in custody in England and Wales are looked at by inquests, and when it is possible that the state failed to protect the deceased's life are scrutinised using the 'right to life' (Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights).

Inquest is an independent charity focusing predominantly on deaths in custody. Working in England and Wales the charity supports families bereaved by state related deaths, including deaths in police and prison custody.

Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights
In the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 2 protects the right to life. The article contains a limited exception for the cases of lawful executions and sets out strictly controlled circumstances in which the deprivation of life may be justified. The Court subsequently held that Article 2 no longer permitted the death penalty and that it was contrary to Article 3. No State Party to the Convention may therefore resort to the death penalty, whether or not it has ratified Protocol No. 13.

The European Court of Human Rights has commented that "Article 2 ranks as one of the most fundamental provisions in the Convention". The obligations on a State under Article 2 consist of three principal aspects: the duty to refrain from unlawful deprivation of life; the duty to investigate suspicious deaths; and in certain circumstances, a positive obligation to take steps to prevent avoidable losses of life.
1992 Japan Series
The 1992 Japan Series was the championship series of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the 1992 season. The 43rd edition of the Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff that matched the  Pacific League champion Seibu Lions against the Central League champion Yakult Swallows. Seibu won their third consecutive PL pennant in convincing fashion to reach the series, and Yakult finished the season atop the competitive CL for the first time since 1978. Played at Meiji Jingu Stadium and Seibu Lions Stadium, the Lions defeated the Swallows four games to three in the best-of-seven series to win the franchise's 11th Japan Series title. Seibu's Sawamura Award winner Takehiro Ishii was named Most Valuable Player of the series. The series was played between October 17 and October 26 with home field advantage going to the Central League.

Eiji Sawamura Award
The Eiji Sawamura Award (沢村栄治賞, Sawamura Eiji-shō), commonly known as the Sawamura Award, is an honor bestowed upon the top starting pitcher in Nippon Professional Baseball each year, when deemed necessary.

The award was originally established by Japanese magazine "Nekkyū" in 1947 to honor the career of Eiji Sawamura, a power pitcher who enjoyed an illustrious career for the Tokyo Giants before being killed in combat during World War II. It is a special award that is independent of the official Most Valuable Pitcher award that is presented to one pitcher in each league (Central and Pacific) each year.
Drawing the Eel
Drawing the Eel is a mid 17th century painting by Dutch artist Salomon van Ruysdael. Done in oil on wood, the painting depicts a traditional Dutch festival pastime of palingtrekken, translatable to "Eel pulling" or "Eel drawing". Van Ruysdael's work is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and is considered by historian Walter Liedtke to be "One of the finest paintings acquired by the Museum in its founding".

Walter Liedtke
Walter Arthur Liedtke, Jr. (August 28, 1945 – February 3, 2015) was an American art historian, writer and Curator of Dutch and Flemish Paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He was known as one of the world's leading scholars of Dutch and Flemish paintings. He died in the 2015 Metro-North Valhalla train crash.
International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy
The International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy (XRM) is a biennial international conference on X-ray imaging. The scope includes a range of topics in X-ray imaging, both in the soft and hard X-ray spectrum. Imaging by synchrotron light sources is the dominant topic, but small scale laboratory imaging is also included in many talks and posters. A number of subtopics are covered, including but not limited to X-ray microtomography, Phase-contrast X-ray imaging, Ptychography, and X-ray optics. The conference is typically five days long and held in summer. The conference is organized by an international committee and a local host organization. This local host is in most cases a synchrotron facility or an institute closely connected to a synchrotron. The host of the conference is decided two conferences in advance with a majority vote by all conference attendees. For example, the 14th XRM (2018) was decided during the 12th XRM (2014).

X-ray optics
X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light. It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.

X-rays and visible light are both electromagnetic waves, and propagate in space in the same way, but because of the much higher frequency and photon energy of X-rays they interact with matter very differently. Visible light is easily redirected using lenses and mirrors, but because the real part of the complex refractive index of all materials is very close to 1 for X-rays, they instead tend to initially penetrate and eventually get absorbed in most materials without significant change of direction.
John Edyman
John Edyman, D.D. was an English priest and academic in the first half of the sixteenth century.

Nobys was born in Norfolk. He was educated at Clare College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1468; and B.D. in 1479–80. He became Fellow of Clare in 1473. He held livings at Fulbourn, Toppesfield and Wimbush. He was Archdeacon of Taunton from 1505 to 1509; Archdeacon of Norwich from 1509 to 1516; Precentor of St Paul's Cathedral from 1509 to 1510; and Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge from 1515 to 1516.

Clare College, Cambridge
Clare College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college was founded in 1326 as University Hall, making it the second-oldest surviving college of the University after Peterhouse. It was refounded in 1338 as Clare Hall by an endowment from Elizabeth de Clare, and took on its current name in 1856. Clare is famous for its chapel choir and for its gardens on the Backs (the rear of the colleges that overlook the River Cam). It is a registered charity.
Cicero station (CTA Green Line)
Cicero is a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system Green Line, serving the Austin neighborhood on Chicago's West Side.  Originally opened on March 3, 1894, its design was made to be simpler than the other Lake Street Elevated stations constructed in the Queen Anne style, such as that of Ashland and Homan (now Conservatory–Central Park Drive), as well as featuring an island platform instead of the 2 side platforms that other Lake Street stations used. Until 1948, the next station eastbound was Kostner, which was designed in a similar style to Cicero, lacking both the ornate station houses and with a single island platform instead of twin platforms.

Austin, Chicago
Austin is one of the 77 officially-designated community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Located on the city's West Side, it is the third-largest community area by population (behind the Near North Side and Lake View) and the second-largest geographically (behind South Deering). Austin's eastern boundary is the Belt Railway located just east of Cicero Avenue. Its northernmost border is the Milwaukee District West Line. Its southernmost border is at Roosevelt Road from the Belt Railway west to Austin Boulevard. The northernmost portion, north of North Avenue, extends west to Harlem Avenue, abutting Elmwood Park. In addition to Elmwood Park, Austin also borders the suburbs of Cicero and Oak Park.
Marianna Fontanella
Marianna Fontanella, OCD (7 January 1661 – 16 December 1717), also known as Maria degli Angeli or Mary of the Angels, was an Italian Catholic member of the Discalced Carmelites. Fontanella studied with the Cistercians as a child and entered the Discalced Carmelites despite the protests of her mother and siblings. She soon became a noted abbess and prioress and in 1703 inaugurated a new convent of which she herself oversaw the establishment.

Her beatification cause commenced under Pope Innocent XIII in 1722 and she was titled as Venerable in 1778 under Pope Pius VI. She was beatified in 1865 by Pope Pius IX.

Moncalieri
Moncalieri (Italian: [moŋkaˈljɛːri]; Piedmontese: Moncalé [mʊŋkaˈle] ⓘ) is a comune (municipality) about 8 kilometres (5 mi) directly south of the center of Turin (to whose Metropolitan City it belongs), in the region of Piedmont in Italy. With a population of 55,439, it is the most populous suburb of Turin.

It is notable for its castle, built in the 12th century and enlarged in the 15th century, which later became the favorite residence of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and of his daughter Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy. It is part of the World Heritage Site Residences of the Royal House of Savoy.