hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hillingdon
Hillingdon is an area of Uxbridge within the London Borough of Hillingdon, centred 14.2 miles (22.8 km) west of Charing Cross. It was an ancient parish in Middlesex that included the market town of Uxbridge. During the 1920s the civil parish bore a rapid, planned increase in population and housing, and was absorbed by Uxbridge Urban District in 1929. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965.

Much of Hillingdon has lasting, albeit minor, administrative effect as the current Hillingdon East ward for electing councillors to Hillingdon London Borough Council. In November 2010, the ward had a recorded population of 12,403.

Bishopshalt School
Bishopshalt School is a secondary school and sixth form with academy status based in the London Borough of Hillingdon. It has specialisations in music and the performing arts. Between 2013 and 2014, the school was used for scenes in the BBC sitcom Big School.
Statham's Quarry
Statham's Quarry (also known as Darling Range Quarry, and then Perth City Council's Darling Range Quarry after 1920) is the site of a quarry on the Darling Scarp on the southern side of the entrance of the Helena River valley on to the Swan Coastal Plain in Perth, Western Australia.  It is located in Gooseberry Hill and is within the bounds of the Gooseberry Hill National Park.

Helena River
The Helena River is a tributary of the Swan River in Western Australia. The river rises in country east of Mount Dale and flows north-west to Mundaring Weir, where it is dammed. It then flows west until it reaches the Darling Scarp.

It passes through the western edge of the Darling Scarp between Gooseberry Hill, and Greenmount Hill before joining the Swan River at the southern edge of the historic town, now suburb, of Guildford.
Jernej Županič
Jernej Županič (born 1982) is a Slovenian writer and translator.

He studied philosophy and comparative literature at university. His debut collection of poems titled Tatar (2016) was widely acclaimed and won multiple literary awards, including the Jenko Award. He has published two novels to date: Mammoths (Mamuti, 2018) and Behemoth (Behemot, 2019). He is also a prize-winning translator of English-language writers such as Jonathan Franzen, David Foster Wallace, Taiye Selasi, Dave Eggers, Lydia Davis, and C.D. Wright. He has won the Radojka Vrančič Award multiple times for his translations.

Taiye Selasi
Taiye Selasi (born 2 November 1979 in London, England) is an American writer and photographer. Of Nigerian and Ghanaian origin, she describes herself as a "local" of Accra, Berlin, New York and Rome. In 2005, Selasi published "Bye-Bye, Babar (Or: What is an Afropolitan?)", her seminal text on Afropolitans. Her novel, Ghana Must Go, was published by Penguin in 2013.
Drombus halei
Drombus halei, Hale's drombus, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Gobiidae. It is found in the warmer waters of Australia from 
Shark Bay, Western Australia, to Shoalwater Bay, Queensland. where it occurs around shallow inshore rocky and coral-rock reefs, where there are areas which have sea beds consisting of sand, rubble and sandy-mud, it can also sometimes be found in estuaries and near mangroves. The specific name honours Herbert M. Hale (1895-1963) who was Director of the South Australian Museum.

Shark Bay
Shark Bay (Malgana: Gathaagudu, lit. 'two waters') is a World Heritage Site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The 23,000-square-kilometre (8,900 sq mi) area is located approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) north of Perth, on the westernmost point of the Australian continent.

UNESCO's listing of Shark Bay as a World Heritage Site reads:

Shark Bay's waters, islands and peninsulas....have a number of exceptional natural features, including one of the largest and most diverse seagrass beds in the world. However, it is for its stromatolites (colonies of microbial mats that form hard, dome-shaped deposits which are said to be the oldest life forms on earth), that the property is most renowned. The property is also famous for its rich marine life including a large population of dugongs, and provides a refuge for a number of other globally threatened species.

The bay features Australia's most abundant marine ecosystems. It is a popular fishing spot.
Anarchism in Venezuela
Anarchism in Venezuela has historically played a fringe role in the country's politics, being consistently smaller and less influential than equivalent movements in much of the rest of South America. It has, however, had a certain impact on the country's cultural and political evolution.

On the other hand, according to a series of surveys carried out by Latinobarómetro between 1998 and 2010, the population of Venezuela has maintained the most favorable view of a statist policy compared to that of other Latin American countries. Although the percentage increased throughout the government of Hugo Chávez, a 2017 study by the Delphos Institute showed a decrease in these values, but had not yet reached the pre-1998 levels.

Cipriano Castro
José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a Venezuelan politician and officer of the military who served as president from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Venezuelan Andes to rule the country, and was the first of four military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira to rule the country over the next 46 years.
David José Kohon
David José Kohon (18 October 1929; Buenos Aires – 30 October 2004; ibid.) was an Argentine film director and screenwriter.

He directed and wrote for Argentine films between 1958 and 1982 directing films such as Así o de otra manera (1964), Breve cielo (1969), Con alma y vida  (1970) and El Agujero en la pared (1982). Breve cielo was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival.

Ibid.
Ibid. or ib. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning 'in the same place', commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to idem, literally meaning 'the same', abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal citation.

Ibid. may also be used in the Chicago (name-date) system for in-text references where there has been a close previous citation from the same source material. The previous reference should be immediately visible, e.g. within the same paragraph or page.

Some academic publishers now prefer that ibid. not be italicised, as it is a commonly found term. Usage differs from style or citation guides as to whether ibid should be suffixed with a full stop. For example, Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities omits full stops and does not capitalise, while The Economist's style guide uses a lower case starting letter with ending full stop.
Zaosie
"Zaosie" is also the Polish name of Zavosse, Belarus, the birthplace of Adam Mickiewicz.

Zaosie [zaˈɔɕɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujazd, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Ujazd, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 37 km (23 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.
Bharatshet Gogawale
Bharat Maruti Gogawale (born 1963) is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a four time MLA from Mahad Assembly constituency in Raigad District. He has been elected for four consecutive terms in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly winning in 2009, 2014, 2019 and 2024.

Raigad district
Raigad district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾaːjɡəɖ]), previously Colaba district, is a district in the Konkan division of Maharashtra, India.
The headquarters of the district is Alibag.Raigad district is located in western part of Maharashtra.Other major cities in the district are Panvel, Karjat, Navi Mumbai, Khopoli, Shrivardhan and Mahad.
Ludwig Borckenhagen
Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm Carl Borckenhagen (15 July 1850 – 17 June 1917) was an Admiral in the Imperial German Navy. He was also an influential writer on naval strategy, and pivotal in introducing the ideas of geostrategist Alfred Thayer Mahan into the German Empire.

Admiral (Germany)
Admiral, short Adm, (German: Admiral, pronounced [ˌatmiˈʁaːl] ⓘ) is the most senior flag officer rank in the German Navy. It is equivalent to general in the German Army or German Air Force. In the Central Medical Services there is no equivalent. In the German Navy Admiral is, as in many navies, a four-star rank with a NATO code of OF-9. The most recent officer of the German Navy to hold the rank is Admiral Joachim Rühle, who serves as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Mons, Belgium since 2020.

However, in other German speaking naval forces, e.g. Imperial German Navy, Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, Volksmarine, and the Austro-Hungarian K.u.K. Kriegsmarine, admiral was an OF-8 three-star flag officer rank.
1985 IIHF Asian Oceanic Junior U18 Championship
The 1985 IIHF Asian Oceanic Junior U18 Championship was the second edition of the IIHF Asian Oceanic Junior U18 Championship. It took place between 28 January and 2 February 1985 in Seoul, South Korea. The tournament was won by Japan, who claimed their second title by finishing first in the standings. South Korea and Australia finished second and third respectively.

South Korea men's national under-18 ice hockey team
The South Korea men's national under-18 ice hockey team is the men's national under-18 ice hockey team of South Korea. The team is controlled by the Korea Ice Hockey Association, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The team represents South Korea at the IIHF World U18 Championships. South Korea won two gold, six silver, and six bronze medals at the IIHF Asian Oceanic U18 Championships.

The team holds the record of the largest victory in the sport. South Korea beat Thailand in the 1998 IIHF Asian Oceanic Junior U18 Championship 92–0.
Wyrębów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Wyrębów [vɨˈrɛmbuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radoszyce, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Radoszyce, 19 km (12 mi) south of Końskie, and 26 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie County
Końskie County (Polish: powiat konecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Końskie, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Stąporków, lying 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Końskie.

The county covers an area of 1,139.90 square kilometres (440.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,019, out of which the population of Końskie is 19,176, that of Stąporków is 5,639, and the rural population is 52,204.
François Blouet de Camilly
François Blouet de Camilly, Comte de Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, D.D., (22 May 1664, Rouen, Normandy, France – 17 October 1723, Ligueil, Touraine, France), a French Catholic clergyman, was the 88th Bishop of Toul from 1706 to 1721 and the 117th Archbishop of Tours from 1721 to 1723.

Molinism
Molinism, named after 16th-century Spanish Jesuit theologian Luis de Molina, is the thesis that God has middle knowledge (or scientia media): the knowledge of counterfactuals, particularly counterfactuals regarding human action. It seeks to reconcile the apparent tension of divine providence and human free will.: 20  Prominent contemporary Molinists include William Lane Craig, Alfred Freddoso, Alvin Plantinga, Michael Bergmann, Thomas P. Flint, Kenneth Keathley, Dave Armstrong, John D. Laing, Timothy A. Stratton, Kirk R. MacGregor, and J.P. Moreland.
Nevill baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Nevill, both in the Baronetage of England. Both creations are extinct.

The Nevill baronetcy, of Holt in the County of Leicester, was created in the Baronetage of England on 25 May 1661 for Thomas Nevill. The title became extinct on his death in 1712.

The Nevill baronetcy, of Grove in the County of Nottingham, was created in the Baronetage of England on 24 February 1675 for Edward Nevill, subsequently Member of Parliament for East Retford. He was a descendant of Sir Robert Nevill, of Eldon, fourth son of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby (great-uncle of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland). Nevill was childless and the title became extinct on his death in 1685.

Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville
Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville of Raby (c. 1291 – 5 August 1367) was an English aristocrat, the son of Ralph Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby and Eupheme de Clavering. He was appointed as one of the wardens of the marches, the principal officers responsible for frontier defence, a role thereafter closely associated with the Neville family. In 1346 he commanded the English army that decisively defeated a Scottish invasion at the Battle of Neville's Cross near Durham, capturing King David II of Scotland. By the mid-14th century the Nevilles had also assumed responsibilities in naval defence, holding the post of Admiral of the North.
Neumayer Station II
Neumayer Station or Neumayer Station II was a permanent German Antarctic research base on Atka Bay. It opened in 1992, replacing the old Georg von Neumayer Station.

The station became increasingly deformed by snow and ice movements after 2007 and was therefore uninhabitable. On February 20, 2009, it was handed over to South Africa and replaced by the new permanent research base Neumayer Station III. At the time, the station was moving with the shelf ice at about 200 meters per year towards the open sea. The South African National Antarctic Programme dismantled the station in 2009 and built a new Emergency Base (E-Base) at the same location.

South African National Antarctic Programme
The South African National Antarctic Programme (or SANAP) is the South African government's programme for research in the Antarctic and Subantarctic. Three research stations fall under this programme: the Antarctica research station SANAE IV, and one station each on the subantarctic islands Gough Island and Marion Island. These stations are managed and administered by the Directorate: Antarctic and Islands of the Department of Environmental Affairs. Borga Base was also operated by SANAP from 1969 to 1976.

The mission of the South African National Antarctic Programme is to increase understanding of the natural environment and life in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean through appropriate science and technology.

South Africa is one of the original signatory states of the Antarctic Treaty.
Dushenko
Dushenko is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chrisi Karvonides-Dushenko, American costume designer

Konstantin Dushenko (born 1946), Russian translator, culturologist, and historian

Chrisi Karvonides-Dushenko
Chrisi Karvonides-Dushenko is an American costume designer for theatre, film and television, recipient of Emmy award for American Dreams (2003) and nominated for several others.

Karvonides-Dushenko graduated from Yale School of Drama in 1991, MFA in theater design.

She is full professor and head of Costume Design at Theater, Film, and Television BA and MFA programs, UCLA.
Cactus Child
Cactus Child were an Australian folk, pop group formed in 1993 by mainstays, Gemma Deacon on lead vocals and Ian Housten-Shadwell on guitar. They issued two studio albums, Diaphones (February 1996) and Earthgirl (July 1998), before disbanding in November 1998.

Marimba
The marimba (/məˈrɪmbə/ mə-RIM-bə) is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars that are struck by mallets. Below each bar is a resonator pipe that amplifies particular harmonics of its sound. Compared to the xylophone, the marimba has a lower range. Typically, the bars of a marimba are arranged chromatically, like the keys of a piano. The marimba is a type of idiophone.

Today, the marimba is used as a solo instrument, or in ensembles like orchestras, marching bands (typically as a part of the front ensemble), percussion ensembles, brass and concert bands, and other traditional ensembles.
Schilder's theorem
In mathematics, Schilder's theorem is a generalization of the Laplace method from integrals on  to functional Wiener integration. The theorem is used in the large deviations theory of stochastic processes.  Roughly speaking, out of Schilder's theorem one gets an estimate for the probability that a (scaled-down) sample path of Brownian motion will stray far from the mean path (which is constant with value 0).  This statement is made precise using rate functions.  Schilder's theorem is generalized by the Freidlin–Wentzell theorem for Itō diffusions.

Uniform norm
In mathematical analysis, the uniform norm (or sup norm) assigns, to real- or complex-valued bounded functions ⁠⁠ defined on a set ⁠⁠, the non-negative number

This norm is also called the supremum norm, the Chebyshev norm, the infinity norm, or, when the supremum is in fact the maximum, the max norm.  The name "uniform norm" derives from the fact that a sequence of functions ⁠⁠ converges to ⁠⁠ under the metric derived from the uniform norm if and only if ⁠⁠ converges to ⁠⁠ uniformly.

If ⁠⁠ is a continuous function on a closed and bounded interval, or more generally a compact set, then it is bounded and the supremum in the above definition is attained by the Weierstrass extreme value theorem, so we can replace the supremum by the maximum. In this case, the norm is also called the maximum norm.
In particular, if ⁠⁠ is some vector such that  in finite dimensional coordinate space, it takes the form:

This is called the -norm.
Freudenthal
Freudenthal is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Axel Olof Freudenthal (1836–1911), Finland-Swedish philologist and politician

Dave Freudenthal (born 1950), American politician

Franz Freudenthal, Bolivian physician

Hans Freudenthal (1905–1990), Dutch mathematician

Jacob Freudenthal (1839–1907), German philosopher

Karl Freudenthal (1907–1944), Nazi lawyer and SS officer

Nancy D. Freudenthal (born 1954), U.S. district judge

Steve Freudenthal (born 1949), American politician

Thor Freudenthal (born 1972), American director and screenwriter

Hans Freudenthal
Hans Freudenthal (17 September 1905 – 13 October 1990) was a Jewish German-born Dutch mathematician.  He made substantial contributions to algebraic topology and also took an interest in literature, philosophy, history and mathematics education.
Angel v. Murray
Angel v. Murray, 113 R.I. 482, 322 A.2d 630 (1974), was a case decided by the Rhode Island Supreme Court that first accepted the rule articulated in the Uniform Commercial Code §2-209(1) and  the Restatement Second of Contracts §89(a) that the modification of a contract does not require its own consideration if the modification was made in good faith and was voluntarily accepted by both parties.

Good faith
In human interactions, good faith (Latin: bona fidēs) is a sincere intention to be fair, open, and honest, regardless of the outcome of the interaction. It is an important concept within law and business. The opposed concepts are bad faith, mala fides (duplicity) and perfidy (pretense).
1938 Bolivarian Games
The I Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos) were a multi-sport event held between August 6–22, 1938, in Bogotá, Colombia, at the Estadio El Campín, for the city's 400th anniversary. The Games were organized by the Bolivarian Sports Organization (ODEBO).

The Games were officially opened by Colombian president Alfonso López Pumarejo, accompanied by Alberto Nariño Cheyne from the Colombian Olympic Committee, Colonel Leopoldo Piedrahita from the local organizing committee, and Gustavo Santos, mayor of the city of Bogotá.

A detailed history of the early editions of the Bolivarian Games between 1938
and 1989 was published in a book written (in Spanish) by José Gamarra
Zorrilla, former president of the Bolivian Olympic Committee, and first
president (1976-1982) of ODESUR.  Gold medal winners from Ecuador were published by the Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano.

The official posters for the Games were designed by Colombian artist Sergio Trujillo Magnenat.

Bolivian Olympic Committee
The Bolivian Olympic Committee (Comité Olímpico Boliviano - COB) is the National Olympic Committee representing Bolivia in the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO), the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) and the South American Sports Organization (ODESUR). It was created 1932 and recognized by the IOC in 1936.

It is based in La Paz, Bolivia.
Kevin Williams (wide receiver, born 1971)
Kevin Ray Williams, Jr. (born January 25, 1971) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Arizona Cardinals, Buffalo Bills and San Francisco 49ers. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, earning first-team All-American honors in 1991.

Punt (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, a punt is a kick performed by dropping the ball from the hands and then kicking the ball before it hits the ground. The most common use of this tactic is to punt the ball downfield to the opposing team, usually on the final down, with the hope of maximizing the distance the opposing team must advance in order to score. The result of a typical punt, barring any penalties or extraordinary circumstances, is a first down for the receiving team. A punt is not to be confused with a drop kick, a kick after the ball hits the ground, now rare in both American and Canadian football.

The type of punt leads to different motion of the football. Alex Moffat invented the now-common spiral punt, as opposed to end-over-end.
Nishadas
Nishada (niṣāda) is a tribe mentioned in ancient Indian literature (such as the epic Mahabharata). The ancient texts mention several kingdoms ruled by this tribe.

In the Mahabharata, the Nishadas are described as hunters, fishermen, mountaineers or raiders that have the hills and the forests as their abode.  Their origin is associated with a king called Vena who became a slave to wrath and malice, and became unrighteous. Sages killed him for his malice and wrongdoings. Ekalavya is stated to be an archer of a Nishada tribe in the text. In the epic Ramayana, a king named Guha of the Nishada clan assists Rama during his period of exile.

Ramaprasad Chanda
Ramaprasad Chanda (15 August 1873 – 28 May 1942) was an Indian anthropologist, historian and archaeologist from Bengal. A pioneer in his field in South Asia, Chanda's lasting legacy is the Varendra Research Museum, he established in Rajshahi (located in present-day Bangladesh), a leading institute  for research on the history of Bengal. He was the first head of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Calcutta from 1920- 1921. He was also a professional archaeologist and worked in the Archaeological Survey of India. Chanda was one of the founders the Indian Anthropological Institute and was its president during 1938–1942. He represented India in the first International Congress of Anthropology held in London in 1934. He had done original research on the somatic characters of Indian populations by using ancient Indian literature and challenged Herbert Hope Risley's theory of Indian races.
Riley was the first Census Commissioner of India.