hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photon noise
Photon noise is the randomness in signal associated with photons arriving at a detector.  For a simple black body emitting on an absorber, the noise-equivalent power is given by

where  is the Planck constant,  is the central frequency,  is the bandwidth,  is the occupation number and  is the optical efficiency.

The first term is essentially shot noise whereas the second term is related to the bosonic character of photons, variously known as "Bose noise" or "wave noise".  At low occupation number, such as in the visible spectrum, the shot noise term dominates.  At high occupation number, however, typical of the radio spectrum, the Bose term dominates.

Satyendra Nath Bose
Satyendra Nath Bose (/ˈboʊs/; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics, and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1954 by the Government of India.

The eponymous particles class described by Bose's statistics, bosons, were named by Paul Dirac.

A polymath, he had a wide range of interests in varied fields, including physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, philosophy, arts, literature, and music. He served on many research and development committees in India after independence.
Jerónimo de Ataíde
D. Jerónimo de Ataíde, 6th Count of Atouguia (1610 – 16 August 1665) was a Portuguese nobleman and colonial administrator, Governor-General of Brazil from 1654 to 1657.

Firstborn of D. Filipa de Vilhena and D. Luís de Ataíde, 3rd Count of Atouguia, he was one of the two brothers whom his famous mother armed with knights, sending them to fight to defend the independence of the country, becoming one of the brave noble restorers who carried out the coup d'état on 1 December 1640, and it is even said that he was one of those who entered Ribeira Palace, who went to the room of the traitor Miguel de Vasconcelos to kill him.

He was commander of Adaúfe and Vila Velha de Ródão, in the Order of Christ.

Ribeira Palace
Ribeira Palace (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁiˈbɐjɾɐ]; Portuguese: Paço da Ribeira) was the main residence of the Kings of Portugal, in Lisbon, for around 250 years. Its construction was ordered by King Manuel I of Portugal when he found the Royal Alcáçova of São Jorge unsuitable. The palace complex underwent numerous reconstructions and reconfigurations from the original Manueline design, ending with its final Mannerist and Baroque form.

The Ribeira Palace, as well as most of the city of Lisbon, was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake. After the earthquake, the reigning monarch, King José I, suffered from claustrophobia and chose to live the rest of his life in a group of pavilions in the hills of Ajuda, and thus the palace was never rebuilt.

Today, Lisbon's primary square, the Praça do Comércio, is situated on the site of the former palace. The square is still popularly referred to as the Terreiro do Paço ("Palace Yard/Square"), reminiscent of the now destroyed royal residence.
Tom Morris (footballer, born 1875)
Thomas H. Morris (9 February 1875 – 25 April 1942) was a professional footballer who played during the 1890s and 1900s, initially for Grantham Rovers and Gainsborough Trinity before making a name for himself as at half-back for Tottenham Hotspur.

Gainsborough Trinity F.C.
Gainsborough Trinity Football Club is a football club based in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England. Established in 1873, the club became members of the Football League in 1893 and remained members of the Second Division until 1912, making Gainsborough one of the smallest towns in England to have had a Football League team. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Premier Division, the seventh tier of English football, and play at the Northolme.
Brian Friel Theatre
The Brian Friel Theatre is a studio theatre located at Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland. It was opened in February 2009 and is named after the Irish playwright, theatre director and author, Brian Friel.

The Theatre is part of the University's School of Languages, Literature and Performing Arts and the Brian Friel Centre for Theatre Research. It provides space for student drama teaching, rehearsals and performances and hosts both student and professional performances and events such as the Belfast International Arts Festival.

The Brian Friel Theatre is located on University Square and shares its building with the Queen's Film Theatre.

Black box theater
A black box theater is a performance space, typically a square or rectangular room, with black walls and a black, flat floor. The simplicity of the space allows it to be used to create a variety of configurations of stage and audience interaction. The black box is a relatively recent innovation in theatre.
Kompagnistræde 9
Kompagnistræde 9 is a property situated on Strædet, between Naboløs and Knabrostræde, roughly opposite Badstuestræde, in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. Like most of the other buildings in the area, the building was constructed as part of the rebuilding of the city following the Copenhagen Fire of 1795. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945.

Badstuestræde
Badstuestræde is a street in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark, linking the pedestrian street Strøget in the north with Kompagnistræde in the south. Brolæggerstræde end in the street. Most of the buildings in the street date from the years after the Copenhagen Fire of 1795.
1,4-Dimethylamylamine
1,4-Dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA), also known as 1,4-dimethylpentylamine or as 5-methylhexan-2-amine, is a stimulant drug of the alkylamine family related to methylhexanamine (1,3-DMAA; geranamine). It is naturally present in geranium plants and has also been found in certain other plants.

1,4-DMAA has been identified in dietary supplements. It produces sympathomimetic effects in animals and humans. 1,4-DMAA and other alkylamine stimulants may act as catecholamine releasing agents. Unlike octodrine and methylhexanamine, 1,4-DMAA has never been used as a pharmaceutical drug.

Geranium
Geranium is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums or cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, with the greatest diversity in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region.

The palmately cleft leaves are broadly circular in form. The flowers have five petals and are coloured white, pink, purple, or blue, often with distinctive veining. Geraniums will grow in any soil as long as it is not waterlogged. Propagation is by semiripe cuttings in summer, by seed, or by division in autumn or spring.

Geraniums are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including brown-tail, ghost moth, and mouse moth. At least several species of Geranium are gynodioecious. The species Geranium viscosissimum (sticky geranium) is considered to be protocarnivorous.
Banana Hill
Banana Hill is a suburb of Karuri town, in the eastern part of Kiambu County, Kenya. Banana Hill's population constitutes 20 percent of the estimated 100,000 residents within Kiambaa Constituency.

The town is situated 2,000 m above sea level, approximately 20 km north of Nairobi. From there, it can be reached via Limuru Road by Runda Estate. It is approachable from an alternate route, the Limuru, Kiambaa/Kiambu and Ndenderu/Redhill all-weather roads. Banana Hill comprises small estates named Banana town, Mombasa, Gacorui, Ndunyu, Miberethi Inana ('Eight Pipes'), and Thimbigwa.

Its location in the temperate Kenyan Highlands is thought to have been one of the major attractions for its former British colonizers. The area receives an average annual rainfall of 790 mm (31 in) with average temperatures ranging from 48–84 °F in January and 45–79 °F in July. Most mornings and evenings are chilly.

White Highlands
The White Highlands is an area in the central uplands of Kenya. It was traditionally the homeland of indigenous Central Kenyan communities up to the colonial period, when it became the centre of European settlement in colonial Kenya;  between 1902 and 1961, it was officially reserved for the exclusive use of Europeans by the colonial government.
Carricknashane
Carricknashane is a small townland in the electoral division of Killygordon, County Donegal, Ireland. It is in the civil parish of Donoughmore and lies on the Carnowen Road between Liscooley and Carnowen. Carricknashane, which has an area of approximately 0.54 km2 (0.21 sq mi), had a population of 68 as of the 2011 census. The Record of Monuments and Places records a standing stone in the townland.

Killygordon
Killygordon (Irish: Cúil na gCuirridín) is a village in the Finn Valley in the east of County Donegal, Ireland. As of 2022, the population was 716. It is located on the N15 between Stranorlar and Castlefin. The separate hamlet of  Crossroads, locally known as The Cross, lies half a mile from Killygordon. The townland of Liscooley is about 2 miles from Killygordon. The River Finn passes by Killygordon village on its way towards its confluence with the River Mourne and the River Foyle.
Albvorland Tunnel
The Albvorland Tunnel is a  8,176 m long twin-tube railway tunnel on the Wendlingen–Ulm high-speed railway in Baden-Württemberg. It underpasses a part of the town Kirchheim-Lindorf and Bundesautobahn 8 at the junction of Kirchheim-East in the industrial area of Dettingen unter Teck
The tunnel is situated between kilometer 30.168 and 38.342 on the railway line. It is on the boundary of Wendlingen am Neckar, Kirchheim unter Teck, Lindorf and Dettingen unter Teck. It also underpasses a  high pressure gas line and a NATO fuel line.

Kirchheim unter Teck
Kirchheim unter Teck (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪʁçhaɪm ʔʊntɐ ˈtɛk], lit. 'Kirchheim under Teck'; Swabian: Kircha) is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, in the district of Esslingen. It is located on the small river Lauter, a tributary of the Neckar. It is 10 km (6 miles) near the Teck castle, approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southeast of Stuttgart. It is the fourth city in the Esslingen district, forming a district centre for the surrounding communities.

Since 1 April 1956, Kirchheim unter Teck has the status of Große Kreisstadt. The city forms a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (administrative community) with the neighbouring municipalities Dettingen and Notzingen.  Kirchheim unter Teck was also, for several centuries, seat of the Oberamt (Oa.) Kirchheim.
Mona Islands
The Mona Islands or Mohn Islands (Russian: Острова Мона) is a group of a few scattered small islands covered with tundra vegetation. They are located in the Kara Sea, about 30 km north of the western coast of the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia, Russia.

Taymyr Peninsula
The Taymyr Peninsula (/taɪˈmɪər/ ty-MEER) is a peninsula in the Far North of Russia, in the Siberian Federal District, that forms the northernmost part of the mainland of Eurasia. Administratively it is part of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Federal subject of Russia.
Ch'iyar T'ikhi
Ch'iyar T'ikhi (Aymara ch'iyara black, t'ikhi a hairstyle of the indigenous women where the ends of the hair are tied, "black t'ikhi", Hispanicized spelling Chiarthiji, Chiartiji) is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,092 metres (16,706 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Ch'iyar T'ikhi lies south-west of the mountain Jach'a Qullu, west of Qala T'uxu,  north of Qullqi Chata and north-east of Taypi K'uchu. The rivers Pura Purani and Jayllawaya, both tributaries of Lake Titicaca, flow along its northern and southern slopes.

Los Andes Province (Bolivia)
Los Andes is one of the twenty provinces in the central parts of the Bolivian La Paz Department. The province was legally founded on November 24, 1917, during the presidency of José Gutiérrez Guerra. The Spanish name of the province means "The Andes", referring to its position within the Cordillera Real which is part of the Bolivian Andes mountain range. The capital of the province is Pucarani, which has a population of 918 as of the 2001 census. Pucarani is situated in the Altiplano west of the Cordillera Real offering a view of some of its highest mountains such as Ch'iyar Juqhu, Chachakumani, Kunturiri, Wayna Potosí and Chacaltaya.
2014 Australian Touring Car Masters Series
The 2014 Australian Touring Car Masters Series was an Australian motor racing competition for modified Touring Cars manufactured between 1 January 1963 and 31 December 1976. It was sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as a National Series with Australian Classic Touring (3D) Cars Pty Ltd appointed by CAMS as the Category Manager. It was the eighth annual Touring Car Masters series.

The Pro Masters class was won by John Bowe (Ford Mustang), the Pro Am class by Mark King (Chevrolet Camaro RS) and the Pro Sports class by Chris Stillwell & Sven Burchartz (Ford Mustang).

John Bowe (racing driver)
John Philip Bowe AM (born 16 April 1954) is an Australian racing driver, presently racing a BMW M4 in the GT4 Australia series.

Bowe is a multiple Australian Champion, having twice won the Australian Drivers' Championship during the Formula Mondial era and the Australian Sports Car Championship, before winning the Australian Touring Car Championship in 1995. He has also won the prestigious Bathurst 1000 touring car endurance race twice, in 1989 and 1994. Both wins were as co-driver with longtime friend and teammate Dick Johnson driving for Dick Johnson Racing.
January 2019 Bambari clashes
In January 2019, a series of clashes occurred in the town of Bambari in the Central African Republic between Union for Peace in the Central African Republic (UPC) rebels against government and United Nations Peacekeeping forces. The clashes cumulated in Operation BEKPA 2, when United Nations forces, including Portuguese and Bangladeshi special operations forces and Nepalese Peacekeepers launched an offensive operation to secure the town.

Bangladesh special operations forces
Bangladesh special operations forces are military units trained to conduct special operations. They are "specially designated, organized, trained, and equipped forces, manned with selected personnel, using unconventional tactics, techniques, and modes of employment".
Segunda Mano
Segunda Mano (lit. 'Second Hand') is a 2011 Filipino supernatural horror film directed by Joyce Bernal, and starring Kris Aquino, Dingdong Dantes, and Angelica Panganiban. The film was produced and released by Star Cinema with the co-production of AgostoDos Pictures, and MJM Productions. It is also an official entry to the 2011 Metro Manila Film Festival.

The film was nominated for 16 FAMAS Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Dantes and Best Actress for Aquino, and won one award: Best Supporting Actress for Panganiban.

FAMAS Award for Best Picture
The FAMAS Award for Best Picture is one of the FAMAS Awards, awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Award, which are voted on by Palanca Award-winning writers and movie columnists, writers and people in the film industry (directors, actors, producers, technicians, crew etc.). The Best Picture FAMAS has always been considered the most important and top prize, and has been awarded by Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences ever since the first ceremony in 1953.

The FAMAS Award winner for Best Picture is usually the most prestigious selection of the best Filipino motion picture of the year. The FAMAS Best Pictures are held in high regard as the FAMAS is the equivalent of the Academy Awards in the Philippines.
Creighton Mine
Creighton Mine is an underground nickel, copper, and platinum-group elements (PGE) mine. It is presently owned and operated by Vale Limited (formerly known as INCO) in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Open pit mining began in 1901, and underground mining began in 1906. The mine is situated in the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) in its South Range geologic unit. The mine is the source of many excavation-related seismic events, such as earthquakes and rock burst events. It is home to SNOLAB, and is currently the deepest nickel mine in Canada. Expansion projects to deepen the Creighton Mine are currently underway.

Platinum group
The platinum-group metals (PGMs) are six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6).

The six platinum-group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits. However, they can be further subdivided into the iridium-group platinum-group elements (IPGEs: Os, Ir, Ru) and the palladium-group platinum-group elements (PPGEs: Rh, Pt, Pd) based on their behaviour in geological systems.

The three elements above the platinum group in the periodic table (iron, nickel and cobalt) are all ferromagnetic; these, together with the lanthanide element gadolinium (at temperatures below 20 °C), are the only known transition metals that display ferromagnetism near room temperature.
San Leandro Tech Campus
The San Leandro Tech Campus is a business park being constructed by Westlake Development Partners LLC in downtown San Leandro, California, near the San Leandro BART station. Construction of Phase 1 of the project began in 2014, and was completed in 2016. The primary tenant of the first phase of construction is OSIsoft, a software company based in San Leandro. Phase 2 of the project is expected to be completed in 2019 with Ghirardelli Chocolate Company as the lead tenant.

The site is the permanent location for the sculpture Truth is Beauty by Marco Cochrane. The sculpture generated some controversy, as it is a large (55 ft (17 m) tall) nude outdoor sculpture, albeit on private property.

Business park
A business park or office park is a designated area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together. These types of developments are often located in suburban areas where land and building costs are more affordable, and are typically situated near major highways, roads, or train stations for easy access.
Prinsessen som ingen kunne målbinde
Prinsessen som ingen kunne målbinde (The Princess Who Always Had to Have the Last Word) is a Norwegian short film from 1932 based on the fairytale of the same name by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen. Harald Stormoen starred as the king, Andreas Aabel as Askeladd, and Unni Torkildsen as the princess. The film was directed by Walter Fürst.

Askeladden
Ashlad (Norwegian "Askeladden" or "Oskeladden", full name "Esben Askelad" or "Espen Askeladd" or "Espen Oskeladd") is a main character in several tales collected in Asbjørnsen and Moe's Norwegian Folktales.

The character starts out being regarded as an incapable underachiever, but eventually proves himself by overcoming some prodigious deed, succeeding where all others have failed.

The character's name appeared as Boots in Dasent's 19th-century English translations.
The Forbidden Quest
The Forbidden Quest is a 1993 pseudo-documentary written and directed by Peter Delpeut.

The film won the 1994 International Fantasy Film Special Jury Award at the Fantasporto (aka Festival Internacional de Cinema do Porto) in Portugal. 
The film won the 1993 Special Jury Prize at the Nederlands Film Festival (aka Nederlandse Filmdagen). It was released in Netherlands theaters on 8 April 1993.

Netherlands Film Festival
The Netherlands Film Festival (Dutch: Nederlands Film Festival) is an annual film festival, held in September and October of each year in the city of Utrecht.

During the ten-day festival, Dutch film productions and co-productions are exhibited. Besides feature films, the program also consists of short subjects, documentary films, and television productions. On the closing evening of the festival, the Golden Calves are awarded to the best films, directors, and actors.

Together with the Netherlands Film Fund, the festival also recognises box office results of Dutch film productions during the year with the Crystal Film (10,000 visitors of documentary films), Golden Film (100,000 visitors), Platinum Film (400,000 visitors), and Diamond Film (1,000,000 visitors).
Dool, Kishtwar
Dool is one of the largest villages, located in Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The village is divided into two wards namely Dool A and Dool B with total 874 householders living. Its district headquarters are pinpointed in Kishtwar and sub-district administrative units are located in "Kishtwar tehsil" which is situated on the banks of Chenab River.  The distance between Dool village and Kishtwar town is 13.4 kilometres (8.3 mi).

Chenab River
The Chenab River is a major river in India and Pakistan, and one of the five major rivers associated with the Punjab region. It is formed by the union of two headwaters, the Chandra and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Chenab then flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, where it joins the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River at Mithankot.

The waters of the Chenab were allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. India is allowed non-consumptive uses such as power generation. The Chenab River is extensively used in Pakistan for irrigation. Its waters are also transferred to the channel of the Ravi River via numerous link canals.
Sander Thonhauser
Sander Thonhauser is a Dutch professional mixed martial artist. He competes in the Heavyweight division. He is a RINGS Holland veteran and has also fought for many other top promotions.
His Mixed martial arts debut was on June 29, 1997. Sander has not fought since 2005, where he lost to Murad Chunkaiev by submission on April 3, 2005.

Fighting Network Rings
Fighting Network Rings, trademarked as RINGS, is a Japanese combat sport promotion that has lived three distinct periods: shoot style puroresu promotion from its inauguration to 1995, mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion from 1995 to its 2002 disestablishment, and a revived MMA promotion from 2008 onward.
11/6/00 – Seattle, Washington
11/6/00 – Seattle, Washington is a three-disc live album and the seventy-second and final in a long series of live bootlegs that the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam released from the band's 2000 Binaural Tour. It was released along with the other official bootlegs from the second North American leg of the tour on March 27, 2001.

Rearviewmirror
"Rearviewmirror" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. The song is the eighth track on the band's second studio album, Vs. (1993). Although credited to all members of Pearl Jam, it was primarily written by vocalist Eddie Vedder. The song was included on Pearl Jam's 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror (Greatest Hits 1991–2003).