hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Afdal Shahanshah
Al-Afdal Shahanshah (Arabic: الأفضل شاهنشاه, romanized: al-Afḍal Shāhanshāh; Latin: Lavendalius/Elafdalio; 1066 – 11 December 1121), born Abu al-Qasim Shahanshah bin Badr al-Jamali, was a vizier of the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt. According to a later biographical encyclopedia, he was surnamed al-Malik al-Afdal ("the excellent king"), but this is not supported by contemporary sources.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
The Masque of Owls at Kenilworth
The Masque of Owls at Kenilworth was written by Ben Jonson and performed at Kenilworth Castle on 19 August 1624 for Prince Charles.

On 19 August 1624, King James was at Whichnor for dinner with Henry Griffiths of Burton Agnes, and then went to Tamworth, while Prince Charles was at Kenilworth with Sir Robert Carey. The Prince's dinner involved artichokes, ducks, and a barrell of sturgeon, after which he was entertained by an interlude, The Masque of Owls.

Burton Agnes Hall
Burton Agnes Hall is an Elizabethan manor house in the village of Burton Agnes, near Driffield in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was built by Sir Henry Griffith in 1601–10 to designs attributed to Robert Smythson. The older Norman Burton Agnes Manor House, originally built in 1173, still stands on an adjacent site; both buildings are now Grade I listed buildings.
St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Seward, Alaska)
St. Peter's Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located at 239 Second Avenue at Adams Street in Seward, Alaska, United States. The first Episcopal services in Seward were held in 1904 by a priest from Valdez. The church building was constructed between 1905 and 1906 and was consecrated on April 1, 1906, by the Rt. Rev. Peter Trimble Rowe, the first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Alaska. The interior of the church is noted for the 1925 reredos of Christ's Resurrection and Ascension which was done by Dutch artist Jan Van Empel.

The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The church reported 39 members in 2015 and two members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the congregation in 2024 was $635.00 with average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 4.

Reredos
A reredos (/ˈrɪərˌdɒs, ˈrɪərɪ-, ˈrɛrɪ-/ REER-dos, REER-ih-, RERR-ih-) is a large altarpiece, a screen, or decoration placed behind the altar in a church. It often includes religious images.

The term reredos may also be used for similar structures, if elaborate, in secular architecture, for example very grand carved chimneypieces. It also refers to a simple, low stone wall placed behind a hearth.
Lampon
Lampon (Ancient Greek: Λάμπων) was an Athenian soothsayer and interpreter of dreams and oracles. Together with Xenocritus he founded the colony of Thurii in Italy at 444 BC or 443 BC. He was called "the expounder". His father most probably was Olympiodorus. Diodorus Siculus wrote about how the colony has been established.

Cratinus satirized him in his comedy Δραπετίδες. Aristophanes also mentions him. Plutarch has a story of his foretelling the ascendancy of Pericles over Thucydides and his party.

Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Διόδωρος, romanized: Diódōros; fl. 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian from Sicily. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. 
The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.
Ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1
Ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 (EC 3.4.19.12, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase, yeast ubiquitin hydrolase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Thiol-dependent hydrolysis of ester, thioester, amide, peptide and isopeptide bonds formed by the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin

This enzyme hydrolyses links to polypeptides smaller than 60 residues faster than those to larger polypeptides.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
(heparan sulfate)-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2
In enzymology, a [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2 (EC 2.8.2.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine  adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate and heparan sulfate-glucosamine, whereas its two products are adenine 3',5'-bis-phosphate and heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferences, specifically the transformer, which transfer sulfur-containing groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphorylation-sulfate:[heparin sulfate]-glucose 3-nontransferable. Other names in common use include glucose 3-O-nontransferable, heparin sulfate D-glucose 3-O-nontransferable, and formalism/isomerism 2 (3-OAT-2, HST).  This enzyme participates in heparan sulfate biosynthesis and glycogen structures - biosynthesis 1.

Glucosamine
Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two polysaccharides, chitosan and chitin. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. It is produced commercially by the hydrolysis of shellfish exoskeletons or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat. Glucosamine has various names depending on the country and its intended use.

Although a common dietary supplement, there is little clinical evidence that it is effective for relief of arthritis or pain, and is not an approved prescription drug in most countries, although it is listed as a medicinal product in Europe. Worldwide, there are no clinical organizations that recommend use of glucosamine as a treatment for arthritis.
Palmer's tree frog
Palmer's tree frog (Hyloscirtus palmeri) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Safranin
Safranin (Safranin O or basic red 2) is a biological stain used in histology and cytology.  Safranin is used as a counterstain in some staining protocols, colouring cell nuclei red. This is the classic counterstain in both Gram stains and endospore staining. It can also be used for the detection of cartilage, mucin and mast cell granules.

Safranin typically has the chemical structure shown at right (sometimes described as dimethyl safranin).  There is also trimethyl  safranin, which has an added methyl group in the ortho- position (see Arene substitution pattern) of the lower ring.  Both compounds behave essentially identically in biological staining applications, and most manufacturers of safranin do not distinguish between the two.  Commercial safranin preparations often contain a blend of both types.

Safranin is also used as redox indicator in analytical chemistry.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
Fortune Hunter (TV series)
Fortune Hunter is an American action-adventure drama series that aired on Fox in the United States from September 4 to October 2, 1994, starring Mark Frankel as spy Carlton Dial.

Of the 13 episodes produced, only five were broadcast in the US, though the series aired in its entirety in other countries. The decision to have the series air immediately after Fox NFL Sunday was a factor in the dismissal of Sandy Grushow, president of Fox Entertainment, by chairman Rupert Murdoch.

Sandy Grushow
Sandy Grushow (born April 3, 1960) is an American media executive and the CEO of Phase Two Media, an advisory practice focused on the media and technology industries. He is the former Chairman of the Fox Television Entertainment Group and former Chief Content Officer at MediaLink. He most recently served on the Board of Advisors and the Board of Directors at Tubi.
Rubén Uriza
Rubén Uriza Castro (May 27, 1920 – August 30, 1992) was a Mexican show jumping champion, and Olympic champion. He participated at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London where he won a gold medal in Team Jumping as a member of the Mexican winning team. He also received a silver medal in Individual Jumping. Both aboard his horse Harvey. He was born in Huitzuco, Guerrero and died in Mexico City.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
A Guy Like You (Alison Moyet song)
"A Guy Like You" is a song by English singer Alison Moyet, released in 2007 as the second and final single from her seventh studio album, The Turn (2007). It was written by Moyet and Pete Glenister, and produced by Glenister. Remixes were produced by Jeremy Wheatley, Soul Avengerz and Almighty Associates.

The Morning Call
The Morning Call is a daily newspaper in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1883, it is the second-longest continuously published newspaper in the Lehigh Valley, after The Express-Times. The newspaper is owned by Alden Global Capital, a New York City–based hedge fund.

In 2020, the newspaper permanently closed its Allentown headquarters after allegedly failing to pay four months of rent and citing diminishing advertising revenues.
Orren D. Casselman
Orren D. Casselman (November 3, 1861 – November 15, 1950) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Dundas in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1921 as a Unionist member.

He was born in Chesterville, Canada West, the son of James C. Casselman, and was educated in Morrisburg and Hamilton. He taught school for two years before opening a general store in Chesterville. In 1905, he married Alin Sanders. Casselman was a recruiting officer and served overseas during World War I. He was defeated in the 1921 general election.

His half-brother William H. Casselman served in the Ontario provincial assembly.

Dundas (federal electoral district)
Dundas was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1925. It was created by the British North America Act 1867.

It consisted initially of Dundas County. In 1914, it was expanded to include the townships of Finch and Osnabruck, and the village of Finch from neighbouring Stormont County, which had previously been in the riding of Stormont.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was merged into Grenville—Dundas riding.
Jacob Fabian
Jacob Fabian (February 25, 1865 – April 24, 1941) was an American entertainment executive and theater owner based in New Jersey. He served as Vice President of Associated First National Pictures Producers, which became First National Pictures, Inc. in 1924. He was an original franchise holder of the organization and owned the New Jersey First National Exchange.

Paterson, New Jersey
Paterson (English pronunciation: /ˈpætɚsən/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, Paterson was the state's third-most-populous municipality, with a population of 159,732, an increase of 13,533 (+9.3%) from the 2010 census count of 146,199, which in turn reflected a decline of 3,023 (-2.0%) from the 149,222 counted in the 2000 census. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 156,452 for 2023, making it the 168th-most populous municipality in the nation.

A prominent mill town within the New York–New Jersey metropolitan area, Paterson has been known as Silk City for its once-dominant role in silk production during the latter half of 19th century. It has since evolved into a major destination for Hispanic immigrants as well as for immigrants from Turkey, the Arab world, and South Asia. Paterson has the nation's second-largest per capita Muslim population.
S v Van As
In S v Van As en 'n Ander, an important case in South African criminal law, the police were locking a suspect in a patrol van, when the young children in his company disappeared. The following morning, after a search in vain the night before, two of them were found dead from exposure. The police were charged with and convicted of culpable homicide. On appeal, however, the court held that, although it would have been reasonable to continue the search and to make further inquiries, it had not been proved beyond reasonable doubt that the children would have been found by a proper search. It also had not been so proved that the failure to institute such a search was responsible for the children's deaths.

Culpable homicide
Culpable homicide is a categorisation of certain offences in various jurisdictions within the Commonwealth of Nations which involves the homicide (illegal killing of a person) either with or without an intention to kill depending upon how a particular jurisdiction has defined the offence. Unusually for those legal systems which have originated or been influenced during rule by the United Kingdom, the name of the offence associates with Scots law rather than English law.
Volker Liebig
Volker Liebig (born 3 September 1956) is a German geophysicist and honorary professor at the Institute of Space Systems at the University of Stuttgart.

From 2004 to 2016, he was Director of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Earth observation programmes and Head of the ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN) in Frascati near Rome.

During his tenure at ESA, the space component of the European environmental observation system Copernicus with the Sentinel satellites was established.

ESA Centre for Earth Observation
41°49′37″N 12°40′27″E﻿ / ﻿41.8269472°N 12.6741222°E﻿ / 41.8269472; 12.6741222

The ESA Centre for Earth Observation (also known as the European Space Research Institute or ESRIN) is a research centre belonging to the European Space Agency (ESA), located in Frascati (Rome) Italy. It is dedicated to research involving earth observation data taken from satellites, among other specialised activities. The establishment currently hosts the European Space Agency's development team for the Vega launcher.
Ghanaati
Ghanaati (foaled 28 March 2006) is an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. In a racing career which lasted from September 2008 and October 2009 she ran six times and won three races. After winning one minor race as a two-year-old she won the Classic 1000 Guineas at Newmarket Racecourse on her first appearance in 2009. She then won the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and was placed in both the Sussex Stakes at Goodwood and the Sun Chariot Stakes at Newmarket before being retired at the end of the season.

Coronation Stakes
The Coronation Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 7 furlong and 213 yards (1,603 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.
Fixes that fail
Fixes that fail is a system archetype that in system dynamics is used to describe and analyze a situation, where a fix effective in the short-term creates side effects for the long-term behaviour of the system and may result in the need of even more fixes. This archetype may be also known as fixes that backfire or corrective actions that fail. It resembles the Shifting the burden archetype.

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Broadway to Cheyenne
Broadway to Cheyenne is a 1932 American pre-Code Western film directed by Harry L. Fraser. The film is also known as From Broadway to Cheyenne (American poster title). The film successfully combines the Western with the gangster film and vigilante film.

Vigilante film
The vigilante film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists engage in vigilante behavior, taking the law into their own hands. Vigilante films are usually revenge films in which the legal system fails protagonists, leading them to become vigilantes. The vigilante film has in recent years often crossed over with the superhero genre, due to character origin stories frequently involving an injustice having been committed against them.
2019 M&M's 200
The 2019 M&M's 200 is a NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race held on June 16, 2019, at Iowa Speedway in Newton, Iowa. Contested over 200 laps on the 0.875-mile (1.408 km) D-shaped oval, it was the 10th race of the 2019 NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series season. The race was postponed from Saturday, June 15 to Sunday, June 16 due to rain.

Chandler Smith
Chandler Michael Smith Sr. (born June 26, 2002) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 38 Ford F-150 for Front Row Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 36 Ford Mustang Dark Horse for FRM.

Smith was a member of Toyota Racing Development's TD2 driver development system from 2018 until the end of 2022 but rejoined the program for 2024, before leaving at the end of the year again.
Robert M. Graham (cardiologist)
Robert Michael Graham (born 1948) is an Australian-born clinician-scientist. He is the Des Renford Professor of Medicine at University of New South Wales and the Head of the Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division at Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute.

Des Renford
Desmond Robert Renford MBE (25 August 1927 – 30 December 1999) was an Australian long-distance swimmer who swam the English Channel 19 times from 19 attempts. This was a record for successful crossings by an Australian until it was overtaken by Chloe McCardel in 2016. From 1975 to 1979 and for a period in 1980 he held the title of King of the Channel. At the time of his death, only two other people had swum the Channel more often, Alison Streeter and Michael Read.
Mudivalla Arambam (TV series)
Mudivalla Arambam (transl. This is not the end, but the beginning) is a 2014-2014 soap opera that aired on Vendhar TV and aired Monday through Friday at 8:00PM IST. For the first time in Tamil television history, an innovative attempt in fiction brings to you stories that are set in motion from the climax of popular movies. The Show Directed by Navin Khirushna and K. Rangaraj.

Indian Standard Time
Indian Standard Time (IST), sometimes also called India Standard Time, is the time zone observed throughout the Republic of India, with a time offset of UTC+05:30. India does not observe daylight saving time or other seasonal adjustments. In military and aviation time, IST is designated E* ("Echo-Star"). It is indicated as Asia/Kolkata in the IANA time zone database.
Museu de la Pagesia
The Museu de la Pagesia (Rural Life Museum), in Castellbisbal, Vallès Occidental, Catalonia was created to preserve and disseminate local cultural heritage associated with agricultural life. The Museum’s collection comprises homemade tools and those for use in the fields, photographs and personal accounts, which create a permanent exhibition that gives an overview of traditional farming in the town, work in the field and the social structure of rural life. The permanent exhibition is divided into three areas: the people, the land, and market and transport. The Museum is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network.

Castellbisbal
Castellbisbal (Catalan pronunciation: [kəsˌteʎβizˈbal]) is a municipality in the comarca of Vallès Occidental in Catalonia. It is situated on the left bank of the Llobregat river at its confluence with the Rubí river. The town is served by the A-7 autopista, the main N-II road and the Renfe railway line R4 between Barcelona and València.

The remains of the Castellbisbal castle are visible on a hill near to the actual urban centre, while the surviving portion
of the Pont del Diable ("Devil's Bridge") across the Llobregat river with its triumphal arch illustrates the historical
importance of the town on the Via Augusta. The parish church of Sant Vincenç dates from the sixteenth century,
while a Romanesque chapel (12th century) is in Can Pederol de Baix.