hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grubbing
Grubbing or clearing is the removal of trees, shrubs, stumps and rubbish from a site. This is often at the site where a transportation or utility corridor, a road or power line, an edifice or a garden is to be constructed. Grubbing is performed following clearance of trees to their stumps, preceding construction.

In animal behaviour grubbing is a feeding technique, referring to digging and uprooting of roots and rhizomes of plants. It is employed by geese, especially greater and lesser snow geese and Canada geese, as well as swine.

Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water.
Metrocorp Publishing
Metrocorp Publishing is an American media company based in Philadelphia that publishes lifestyle magazines in the United States. It is known for publishing Philadelphia magazine, along with Philadelphia Wedding magazine and Be Well Philly. It is owned by the Lipson family.

Metrocorp grew out of the company that has published Philadelphia magazine since 1946. It acquired Boston magazine in 1970, and published it for several decades until selling it to Boston Globe Media in 2025. From 2004 to 2007, Metrocorp also owned Boston's Weekly Dig.

In 2025, Citizen Media Group, a newly formed nonprofit, acquired Philadelphia magazine from Metropcorp.

Lifestyle journalism
Lifestyle journalism is the field of journalism that provides news and opinion, often in an entertaining tone, regarding goods and services used by readers in their everyday life. Lifestyle journalism covers travel, fashion, fitness, leisure, food, and arts, among other topics.
Prison de l'Abbaye
The Prison de l’Abbaye was a Paris prison in use from 1522 to 1854. The final building was built by Christophe Gamard in 1631 and made up of three floors, flanked by two turrets (or more exactly, échauguettes). It was the scene of a portion of the September Massacres, one of the bloodiest episodes of the French Revolution. Twenty-two priests were given summary trials and then killed by mob outside the church.

Madame Roland, wife of the Girondin Minister of the Interior Jean-Marie Roland, was interned here on her first arrest in 1793 before being transferred to Sainte Pélagie.

Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ maʁi ʁɔlɑ̃ də la platjɛʁ]; 18 February 1734 – 10 November 1793) was a French inspector of manufactures in Lyon and became a leader of the Girondist faction in the French Revolution, largely influenced in this direction by his wife, Marie-Jeanne "Manon" Roland de la Platière. He served as a minister of the interior in King Louis XVI's government in 1792.
Antagonic Nuclei of the New Urban Guerrilla
The Antagonic Nuclei of the New Urban Guerrilla (Spanish: Núcleos Antagónicos de la Nueva Guerrilla Urbana, NANGU) is a Chilean armed group created in mid-2011, active in the Santiago Metropolitan Region attached to insurrectionary anarchist theories, being responsible for several attacks in the 2010s.

Insurrectionary anarchism
Insurrectionary anarchism is a revolutionary theory and tendency within the anarchist movement that emphasizes insurrection as a revolutionary practice. It is critical of formal organizations such as labor unions and federations that are based on a political program and periodic congresses. Instead, insurrectionary anarchists advocate informal organization and small affinity group based organization. Insurrectionary anarchists put value in attack, permanent class conflict and a refusal to negotiate or compromise with 'class enemies'.

Associated closely with the Italian anarchist movement, the theory of insurrectionary anarchism has historically been linked with a number of high-profile assassinations, as well as the bombing campaigns of the Galleanisti and Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI).
Asian brown cloud
The Indian Ocean brown cloud or Asian brown cloud is a layer of air pollution that recurrently covers parts of South Asia, namely the northern Indian Ocean, India, and Pakistan. Viewed from satellite photos, the cloud appears as a giant brown stain hanging in the air over much of the Indian subcontinent and the Indian Ocean every year between October and February, possibly also during earlier and later months. The term was coined in reports from the UNEP Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). It was found to originate mostly due to farmers burning stubble in northern Indian states such as Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, as well as in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The debilitating air quality in Delhi is also due to the stubble burning in Punjab.

The term atmospheric brown cloud is used for a more generic context not specific to the Asian region.

Satellite imagery
Satellite images (also Earth observation imagery, spaceborne photography, or simply satellite photo) are images of Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world. Satellite imaging companies sell images by licensing them to governments and businesses such as Apple Maps and Google Maps.
Graham baronets of Larbert House and Househill (1906)
The Graham baronetcy, of Larbert House in Larbert and of Househill in Dunipace in the County of Stirling, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 4 December 1906 for John Graham, a Glasgow merchant.

The 3rd Baronet was Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Reginald Graham, VC. Sir John Graham, 4th Baronet was Ambassador to Iraq from 1974 to 1977 and Iran from 1979 to 1980. His son Sir Andrew Graham, 5th Baronet is a lieutenant general who was Director General of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom from 2008 to 2011.

Dunipace
Dunipace (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn a' Phais "The hill-fort of the pass") is a village in the west of the Falkirk council area of Scotland. The village is 6.3 miles (10.1 km) south of Stirling and 5.3 miles (8.5 km) north-west of Falkirk. The village is situated on the north bank of the River Carron and adjoins the town of Denny, to the south of the river. Dunipace is part of the historic county of Stirlingshire.

The main road through Dunipace is the A872 road between Denny and Stirling. Based on the 2001 census, Falkirk council reported the population of Dunipace as being 2,444 residents.
1974 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1974 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 74th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Portlaw were the defending champions.

On 15 September 1974, Mount Sion won the championship after a 3–08 to 2–10 defeat of Portlaw in the final. This was their 23rd championship title overall and their first title since 1972.

Waterford GAA
The Waterford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Phort Láirge) or Waterford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for all levels of Gaelic games in County Waterford. The County Board is also responsible for the Waterford county teams. The county board's offices are based at Walsh Park in the city of Waterford. The Waterford County Board was founded in 1886.

Hurling is the dominant sport, with the county having won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) on two occasions: in 1948 and 1959. While football is the secondary sport in the county, it is widely played nonetheless. Waterford's greatest footballing achievement was reaching the 1898 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, which the team lost to Dublin.
1991 Supercopa do Brasil
The 1991 Supercopa do Brasil was the 2nd Supercopa do Brasil, a football match played between the champions of the 1990 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and 1990 Copa do Brasil.

The match was played at the Estádio do Morumbi in São Paulo on 27 January 1991.

1990 Copa do Brasil
The 1990 Copa do Brasil  was the second edition of the Copa do Brasil.

The competition started on June 19, 1990, and ended on November 7, 1990, with the second leg of the final, held at the Estádio Serra Dourada in Goiânia, in which Flamengo lifted the trophy for the first time with a 0–0 draw with Goiás.

Bizu, of Náutico, with seven goals, was the competition's top scorer.
Baixador de Vallvidrera (Barcelona–Vallès Line)
Baixador de Vallvidrera is a railway station in the Sarrià-Sant Gervasi district of Barcelona. It is served by lines S1 and S2 of the Metro del Vallès commuter rail system, which are operated by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, who also run the station.

The station has twin tracks and two side platforms. Access to the street is via stairs and lifts.

The station opened in 1916, with the opening of the Collserola tunnel and the line from Peu del Funicular station to the Vallès.

The GR 92 long-distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at the station. Stage 18 links northwards to Montcada i Reixac, a distance of 16.7 kilometres (10.4 mi), whilst stage 19 links southwards to Sant Vicenç dels Horts, a distance of 13.6 kilometres (8.5 mi). The railway provides good access to both stages from the centre of the city of Barcelona.

GR 92
The GR 92 is part of the extensive GR footpath network of paths, tracks and trails in Spain. It will eventually run the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, from Portbou, on the border with France to Tarifa, the southernmost point of Spain. In doing so it will pass through the autonomous communities of Catalonia, Valencia, Murcia and Andalusia. The sections in Catalunya and Murcia are complete and fully signposted, but work is still in progress on the sections in Valencia and Andalusia, and sources differ on the eventual length of the path.

The GR 92 forms the southern portion of the E10, one of the European long-distance paths. The E10 runs between Finland and Spain.
Taşlıca, Kahta
Taşlıca (Kurdish: Şamik) is a village in the Kâhta District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Îzol tribe and had a population of 313 in 2021.

The hamlet of Karabağ is attached to Taşlıca.

Kâhta District
Kâhta District is a district of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Kâhta. Its area is 1,274 km2, and its population is 127,534 (2021). On 12 October 2018, cave drawings which date back to the Paleolithic era, were discovered in the Kâhta district, due to the decline of Atatürk Reservoir waters by 10–15 meters.
Sant'Orsola, Sassari
Sant'Orsola is a neighborhood in the 2nd circoscrizione of Sassari, Italy. It is commonly broken down into three parts, Sant'Orsola, Sant'Orsola Sud (South), and Sant'Orsola Nord (North), and borders Santa Maria di Pisa and Latte Dolce.

Circoscrizione
Circoscrizione (Italian: [tʃirkoskritˈtsjoːne]; lit. 'circumscription' pl.: circoscrizioni) can refer to two different administrative units of Italy. One is an electoral district approximating to the English constituency, but typically the size of a province or region, depending on the election. The other is a subdivision of city comuni, roughly equivalent to the municipal arrondissements of Paris or the London boroughs.
Constantino Mpodozis
Constantino Mpodozis Marin is a Chilean geologist known for his contributions to the economic geology, magmatic activity and tectonics of Chile. As of 2015 he was executive of Antofagasta Minerals. He has been a member of the Chilean Academy of Sciences since 2009.

Antofagasta plc
Antofagasta plc is a London-based Chilean multinational. It is one of the most important conglomerates of Chile with equity participation in Antofagasta Minerals, the railroad from Antofagasta to Bolivia, Twin Metals in Minnesota, and other exploration joint ventures in different parts from the world. Antofagasta is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Steve Bauer
Steven Todd Bauer, MSM (born June 12, 1959) is a retired professional road bicycle racer from Canada. He won the first Olympic medal in road cycling for Canada and until 2022 he was the only Canadian to win an individual stage of the Tour de France (Ryder Hesjedal, Svein Tuft and Alex Stieda had been part of winning team time trial squads).

Gran Premio della Liberazione
Gran Premio della Liberazione is an Italian road bicycle race that has been held annually on 25 April since 1946. It marks the anniversary of the 1945 fall of Benito Mussolini's Italian Social Republic. It is a Single-day race that is rated 1.2 on the UCI Europe Tour.
Abdollah Veisi
Abdollah Veisi (Persian: عبدالله ویسی, born 22 March 1971 in Ramhormoz, Khuzestan Province) is an Iranian retired football player and manager, who is currently manager of Foolad in Persian Gulf Pro League.

2015–16 Persian Gulf Pro League
The 2015–16 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 33rd season of Iran's Football League and 15th as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Sepahan were the defending champions. The season featured 14 teams from the 2014–15 Persian Gulf Cup and two new teams promoted from the 2014–15 Azadegan League: Siah Jamegan and Esteghlal Ahvaz. The league started on 30 July 2015 and ended on 13 May 2016. Esteghlal Khuzestan won the Pro League title for the first time in their history (total first Iranian title). Mehdi Taremi of Persepolis was the top scorer with 16 goals.
Dairis Bertāns
Dairis Bertāns (born 9 September 1989) is a Latvian professional basketball player and the team captain for VEF Rīga of the Latvian League (LBL) and the Latvian–Estonian League. Bertāns also plays for the Latvia national basketball team. He is the older brother of Dāvis Bertāns. He is a 6-foot-4-inch (1.93 m), 200-pound (91 kg) shooting guard.

EuroBasket 2013
EuroBasket 2013 was the 38th edition of the EuroBasket championship that was organized by FIBA Europe. It took place from 4 September until 22 September 2013 in Slovenia. The number of participating teams was 24.

France defeated Lithuania in the final to win their first title. Tony Parker was named the tournament's MVP.
USS Persistent
USS Persistent is a name used more than once by the United States Navy:

USS Persistent (PYc-48), a coastal patrol yacht commissioned 16 October 1940.

USS Persistent (MSO-491), a fleet minesweeper commissioned 3 February 1956.

USNS Persistent (T-AGOS-6), a Stalwart-class ocean surveillance ship that operated during the 1980s.

Stalwart-class ocean surveillance ship
The Stalwart-class auxiliary general ocean surveillance ships (T-AGOS) are a class of United States Naval Ship (USNS) auxiliary support ocean surveillance ships commissioned between April 1984 and October 2000. Their original purpose was to collect underwater acoustical information using the Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System (SURTASS), a towed array passive sonar.

Stalwart, Indomitable, and Capable were modified to support narcotics interdiction by removing SURTASS equipment and adding an air-search radar and tactical data link equipment.
Judy Newman
Judy Newman Rakela  (born May 11, 1962) is an American former professional tennis player.

A native of Santa Cruz, Newman was the second born of four children and attended Harbor High School. She studied at the University of San Diego on a tennis scholarship and played on tour after graduating in 1984.

Newman competed on the professional circuit until 1990, featuring on the WTA Tour and in grand slam qualifying.

Following her time on tour she earned a master's degree in sports psychology at John F. Kennedy University and plays on the ITF Senior circuit, where she has represented her country in World Championships.

University of San Diego
The University of San Diego (USD) is a private Catholic research university in San Diego, California, United States. Chartered in 1949 as the independent San Diego College for Women and San Diego University (comprising the College for Men and School of Law), the two institutions merged in 1972.

The university includes the College of Arts and Sciences, Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, Division of Professional and Continuing Education, Knauss School of Business, School of Law, School of Leadership and Education Services (SOLES), and the Shiley-Marcos School of Engineering.

USD has 89 undergraduate and graduate programs, and enrolls approximately 9,073 undergraduate, paralegal, graduate and law students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The San Diego Toreros compete in NCAA Division I (FCS) as a member of the West Coast Conference.
Cranial ultrasound
Cranial ultrasound is a technique for scanning the brain using high-frequency sound waves. It is used almost exclusively in babies because their fontanelle (the soft spot on the skull) provides an "acoustic window". 
A different form of ultrasound-based brain scanning, transcranial Doppler, can be used in any age group. This uses Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow through the major arteries in the brain, and can scan through bone. It is not usual for this technique to be referred to simply as "cranial ultrasound". Additionally, cranial ultrasound can be used for intra-operative imaging in adults undergoing neurosurgery once the skull has been opened, for example to help identify the margins of a tumour.

Anterior fontanelle
The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest fontanelle, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during birth to ease its passage through the birth canal and for expansion of the brain after birth.

The anterior fontanelle typically closes between the ages of 12 and 18 months.
2019 NHK Trophy
The 2019 NHK Trophy was the sixth event of the 2019–20 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at Makomanai Ice Arena in Sapporo, Japan from November 22–24. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2019–20 Grand Prix Final.

Makomanai Ice Arena
Makomanai Sekisui Heim Ice Arena (真駒内セキスイハイム
アイスアリーナ) is an indoor ice skating arena in Minami-ku, Sapporo, Japan. It was built in December, 1970, holds 11,500 people (10,024 seats, fixed plus temporary, and 1,476 standing places), and has an area of 10,133 m2 in total.

The figure skating and some of the ice hockey games and the closing ceremonies from the 1972 Winter Olympics  were held at this arena.
William de Graham
William de Graham was an Anglo-Norman who received the lands of Abercorn and Dalkeith during the reign of David I, King of Scotland. He is known to have witnessed many charters as early as about 1127–1128, and is the first Graham known in Scotland.

Abercorn
Abercorn (Gaelic: Obar Chùirnidh, Old English: Æbbercurnig) is a village and civil parish in West Lothian, Scotland. Close to the south coast of the Firth of Forth, the village is around 5 km (3.1 mi) west of South Queensferry. The parish had a population of 458 at the 2011 Census.
Louisa Schabas
Louisa Schabas is a Canadian production designer. She is most noted for her work on the 2020 film Blood Quantum, for which she and Sylvain Lemaitre won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Art Direction or Production Design at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards, and were nominees for the Prix Iris for Best Art Direction at the 23rd Quebec Cinema Awards.

She was previously a CSA nominee in the same category at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016 for her work on Felix and Meira.

Her other credits have included the films Mynarski Death Plummet, The Saver, Boris Without Béatrice, Shambles (Maudite poutine), Touched and Fubar Age of Computer.

Boris Without Béatrice
Boris Without Béatrice (French: Boris sans Béatrice) is a 2016 Canadian drama film directed by Denis Côté. It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival.

The film stars James Hyndman as Boris Malinovsky, a man who begins having several extramarital affairs to deal with his emotional and companionship needs, while caring for his wife Beatrice (Simone-Élise Girard), who has withdrawn from the world in a self-induced state of catatonic silence that defies diagnosis.
INS Beas
The following ships of the Indian Navy have been named INS Beas:

INS Beas (1958) was a Type 41 Leopard-class frigate launched in 1958, commissioned in 1960 and broken up in 1992

INS Beas (2000) is a Brahmaputra-class guided-missile frigate launched in 2000

INS Beas (F137)
INS Beas was a Leopard-class frigate of the Indian Navy. She was launched by Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd at Newcastle upon Tyne in 1958 and completed in 1960. Beas served in the Battle at Mormugão harbour 1961 and during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. She was stricken by the INS in 1988 and scrapped in 1992.
Earthworm Jim 4
Earthworm Jim 4 is a proposed video game in the Earthworm Jim series. It was originally announced by Interplay Entertainment in 2008, and referred to by Interplay as "still in development" in May 2011. Later commentary over the next decade from individual developers would contest its development status, until May 2019, when it was announced that the game was being developed for the Intellivision Amico console. Lack of updates in the years following has again led to the belief that the game is on hold or cancelled.

David Perry (game developer)
David Perry (born 4 April 1967) is a Northern Irish video game developer and programmer. He became prominent for programming platform games for 16-bit home consoles in the early to mid 1990s, including Disney's Aladdin, Cool Spot, and the Earthworm Jim series. He founded Shiny Entertainment, where he worked from 1993 to 2006. Perry created games for companies such as Disney, 7 Up, McDonald's, Hemdale, and Warner Bros. In 2008 he was presented with an honorary doctorate from Queen's University Belfast for his services to computer gaming. He was the co-founder and CEO of cloud-based games service Gaikai, which was acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment. In 2017 Perry became the co-founder & CEO of a customer intelligence startup called GoVYRL, Inc. developing a new advanced brand dashboard called Carro.
Serge Fuster
Serge Fuster (pen name "Casamayor"; 28 November 1911 in Algiers, French Algeria – 29 October 1988 in Paris ) was a French judge and writer. He wrote over twenty books, primarily essays on justice.

During World War II, in 1940, Fuster was a lieutenant in Sedan. When the war ended, Fuster participated in the Nuremberg Trials, as part of the French delegation, led by Edgar Faure and François de Menthon.

Beginning in the 1950s Fuster began writing for the journal Esprit under the nom-de-plume of "Casamayor", a name he would use for the next thirty years.

Fuster ended his judicial career as President of the Chamber at the Court of Appeal of Versailles. Upon his death, he was given many tributes, including ones by President François Mitterrand, Prime Minister Michel Rocard, and Justice Pierre Arpaillange.

Justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the treatment of individuals fairly. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian, a 6th-century codification of Roman law, where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".

A society where justice has been achieved would be one in which individuals receive what they "deserve". The interpretation of what "deserve" means draws on a variety of fields and philosophical branches including ethics, rationality, law, religion, and fairness. The state may pursue justice by operating courts and enforcing their rulings.