hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Gordon Stuart Grant
James Gordon Stuart Grant (c. 1834 – 27 February 1902) was a New Zealand demagogue, journalist and eccentric. He was born in Glenlivet, Banffshire, Scotland in circa 1834.

He unsuccessfully stood in the 1859 Town of Dunedin by-election against James Macandrew. He won election to the Otago Provincial Council in an October 1865 by-election and was a member until 1867 when he did not stand for re-election. Instead, he stood for superintendent of the Otago Province but only received 2 of the 3,653 votes cast.

From 1866, he stood in numerous parliamentary elections, including the 1866 election in the Caversham electorate, and the 1867 by-election, 1869 by-election and 1874 by-election for the City of Dunedin electorate.

The last election in which he stood was the 1884 election. when he received one vote (presumably his own).

He died penniless in 1902.

1866 New Zealand general election
The 1866 New Zealand general election was held between 12 February and 6 April to elect 70 MPs to the fourth term of the New Zealand Parliament.

In 1867 four Māori electorates were created, initially as a temporary measure for five years. The first Māori elections for these seats were held in 1868, with universal suffrage for Māori males over 21.

The first four Māori members of parliament were Tareha Te Moananui (Eastern Maori), Frederick Nene Russell (Northern Maori) and John Patterson (Southern Maori), who all retired in 1870; and Mete Kīngi Paetahi (Western Maori) who was defeated in 1871.
Ganvie
Ganvie is a lake village in Benin, Africa, lying in Lake Nokoué, near Cotonou. With a population of around 20,000 people, it is probably the largest lake village in Africa and is very popular with tourists.

The village was created in the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries by the Tofinu people who took to the lake to avoid Fon warriors who were taking people hostage to sell them to European enslavers. Making the shallow waters and islands of Lake Nokoue a haven, the Ganvie villagers are often referred to as "water men" and the area itself is often called the "Venice of Africa."

Originally based on farming, the village's main industries other than tourism are now fishing and fish farming. The only means of transportation to and from the village is through wooden boats.

The village was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on October 31, 1996 in the Cultural category.

Ganvie, like many areas of Benin, is home to a constituent monarchy.

Non-sovereign monarchy
A non-sovereign monarchy, subnational monarchy or constituent monarchy is one in which the head of the monarchical polity (whether a geographic territory or an ethnic group), and the polity itself, are subject to a temporal authority higher than their own. The constituent states of the German Empire or the princely states of the British Raj provide historical examples; while the Zulu king, whose power derives from the Constitution of South Africa, is a contemporary one.
Oxendon Rural District
Oxendon was a rural district in Northamptonshire, England from 1894 to 1935.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from the part of the Market Harborough rural sanitary district which was in Northamptonshire (the rest going on to form Market Harborough Rural District in Leicestershire).  It was named after Great Oxendon.

The rural district contained 19 civil parishes:

Arthingworth

Ashley

Brampton Ash

Braybrooke

Clipston

Dingley

East Farndon

Great Oxendon

Hothorpe

Kelmarsh

Marston Trussell

Sibbertoft

Stoke Albany

Sulby

Sutton Bassett

Thorpe Lubenham

Welford

Weston by Welland

Wilbarston

The district was abolished in 1935 under a County Review Order.  It was split between Brixworth Rural District and Kettering Rural District.

Thorpe Lubenham
Thorpe Lubenham is a deserted settlement and former civil parish, now in the parish of Marston Trussell, in the West Northamptonshire district, in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 33.

Thorpe Lubenham lies to the south of the Leicestershire village of Lubenham and south of the River Welland which forms the county boundary.

Thorpe Lubenham was formerly an extra-parochial tract, from 1858 Thorpe Lubenham was a civil parish in its own right until it was abolished on 1 April 1935, and merged with Marston Trussell.
Harold Wagstaff
Harold Wagstaff (9 May 1891 – 19 July 1939) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s, 1910s and 1920s. He played as a centre and was nicknamed the Prince of Centres. A captain of Great Britain, he also played representative rugby league for England, and Yorkshire. Wagstaff has been inducted into the Rugby Football League Hall of Fame, and the Huddersfield Giants Hall of Fame.

Headingley Rugby Stadium
Headingley Rugby Stadium (known as AMT Headingley Rugby Stadium due to sponsorship) is a rugby league stadium in Headingley, Leeds and shares the same site as Headingley Cricket Ground. It is the home ground of the Leeds Rhinos, and is the fifth largest rugby league stadium in England.
BCK
BCK is the abbreviation of:

Bahria College Karachi college in Karachi, Pakistan

BC Kosher, a kosher certification agency in Canada

BCK algebra, in mathematics, BCK or BCI algebras are algebraic structures

British Rail coach type code representing a Brake composite corridor coach

Buckley railway station, a railway station in the UK

Buckie, a town in Scotland

Compagnie du chemin de fer du bas-Congo au Katanga, former railway company in Congo

3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase, an enzyme

Bahria Schools and Colleges
Bahria Schools and Colleges (Urdu: پاکستان بحریہ مدرسه) were established by the Pakistan Navy (PN) for the education of the children of its officers, sailors, and civilian employees at Karachi, Sindh.

Its branches are located in Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Gwadar, Ormara, Turbat, Jiwani.
Altenbeken–Kreiensen railway
The Altenbeken–Kreiensen railway is part of a former long-distance route in Germany from the Ruhr area via Altenbeken, Höxter-Ottbergen, Holzminden, Kreiensen and Seesen towards Berlin. The once continuous double track main line railway is now operated as a single track east of Ottbergen. It runs through the Egge ridge and along the northern edge of the Solling hills.

The section in North Rhine-Westphalia up to and including Holzminden is also known as the Egge Railway (German: Eggebahn).

Egge (Lower Saxon Hills)
The Egge Hills (German: Eggegebirge [ˈɛɡəɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ), or just the Egge ([ˈɛɡə] ⓘ) is a range of forested hills, up to 464 m above sea level (NN), in the east of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Anarchist bookfair
An anarchist bookfair is an exhibition for anti-authoritarian literature often combined with anarchist social and cultural events. They have existed since at least 1983, beginning in London, and are held either annually or sporadically. Some have speakers or other events related to anarchist culture.

Anti-authoritarianism
Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism. Anti-authoritarians usually believe in full equality before the law and strong civil liberties.

The term is sometimes used interchangeably with anarchism, an ideology which entails opposing authority or hierarchical organization in the conduct of human relations, including the state system.
Redig, South Dakota
Redig is an unincorporated community in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. Although not tracked by the Census Bureau, Redig has been assigned the ZIP code of 57776.

Centrally located between Buffalo and Belle Fourche on state highway 85, the town is nearly 22 miles from the nearest grocery store and gas station. As of 2018, there are a few occupied mobile homes, as well as some buildings, dozens of junk trashed cars, junk equipment, prairie dog infestation, and a general store and post office. The population is estimated to be near 5. The community has the name of the Redig brothers, local ranchers.

Belle Fourche, South Dakota
Belle Fourche (/bɛlˈfuːʃ/; bel-FOOSH) is a city in and the county seat of Butte County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 5,617 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 5,855 in 2024, making it the 18th most populous city in South Dakota. It is near the geographic center of the United States, which moved some 550 miles (885 km) northwest from the geographic center of the contiguous United States in Lebanon, Kansas with the admission of Alaska and Hawaii in the mid-20th century.
Eglė
Eglė is a Lithuanian feminine given name. Individuals bearing the name Eglė include:

Eglė Balčiūnaitė (born 1988), Lithuanian middle distance runner

Eglė Janulevičiūtė (born 19??), Lithuanian classical pianist

Eglė Jurgaitytė (born 1998), Lithuanian pop singer

Eglė Karpavičiūtė (born 1984), Lithuanian painter

Eglė Rakauskaitė (born 1967), Lithuanian visual artist

Eglė Staišiūnaitė (born 1988), Lithuanian hurdler

Eglė Zablockytė (born 1989), Lithuanian cyclist

Eglė Jurgaitytė
Eglė Jurgaitytė (born 24 January 1998, in Vilnius) is a Lithuanian singer and radio presenter. At the age of 10, Jurgaitytė represented Lithuania at Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2008, taking 3rd place.
Zabava, Zagorje ob Savi
Zabava (pronounced [zaˈbaːʋa]; German: Sabawa) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. It lies just off the main road leading west from Izlake, south of Mlinše. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi
The Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi (pronounced [zaˈɡoːɾjɛ ɔp ˈsaːʋi]; Slovene: Občina Zagorje ob Savi) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Zagorje ob Savi. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The entire municipality is now included in the Central Sava Statistical Region. The population of the municipality is about 17,000.

Archaeological evidence shows that the area was already settled in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age.
Adjoint equation
An adjoint equation is a linear differential equation, usually derived from its primal equation using integration by parts.  Gradient values with respect to a particular quantity of interest can be efficiently calculated by solving the adjoint equation. Methods based on solution of adjoint equations are used in wing shape optimization, fluid flow control and uncertainty quantification.

Uncertainty quantification
Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and estimation of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications. It tries to determine how likely certain outcomes are if some aspects of the system are not exactly known. An example would be to predict the acceleration of a human body in a head-on crash with another car: even if the speed was exactly known, small differences in the manufacturing of individual cars, how tightly every bolt has been tightened, etc., will lead to different results that can only be predicted in a statistical sense.

Many problems in the natural sciences and engineering are also rife with sources of uncertainty. Computer experiments on computer simulations are the most common approach to study problems in uncertainty quantification.
Date and time notation in Ukraine
In Ukraine, dates are usually written in "day month year" (DMY) order. This order is used in both the all-numeric date (for example "27.05.19") and the expanded form (for example "27 травня 2019 р."; the trailing "р." is short for "рік" ("year"). Single-digit numbers for day or month usually have a preceding zero (for example "27.05.2019"). When saying the date, it is usually pronounced using the ordinal number of the day first, then the month (for example "двадцять сьомого травня"). Monday is the first day of the week.

For time, 24-hour notation is used almost exclusively, with a colon as the standardized and recommended separator (e.g. 18:56). In spoken or informal Ukrainian, 12-hour notation may be used, but is not recommended. In general, no AM/PM specification is used, so this information is expected to be gained from context. Another difference from English is that half-hours are counted up to next hour: "половина восьмої", literally  “half of the eighth” means 7:30, not 8:30.

12-hour clock
The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. (from Latin ante meridiem, translating to "before midday") and p.m. (from Latin post meridiem, translating to "after midday"). Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as 0), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The 12-hour clock has been developed since the second millennium BC and reached its modern form in the 16th century.

The 12-hour time convention is common in several English-speaking nations and former British colonies, as well as a few other countries. In English-speaking countries: "12 p.m." usually indicates noon, while "12 a.m." means midnight, but the reverse convention has also been used (see § Confusion at noon and midnight). "Noon" and "midnight" are unambiguous.
Lyndhurst railway station
Lyndhurst was a railway station on the South Gippsland line (now the Cranbourne line) in Victoria, Australia. In 1979, it had a single platform on the east side of the track, and a loop siding.

The station was served by passenger trains to Leongatha and Yarram until their withdrawal in June 1981, and then by Dandenong to Lang Lang railmotors until their withdrawal in October 1981. Although passenger trains between Melbourne and Leongatha were restored between 1984 and 1993, Lyndhurst station was not re-opened. The platform has been demolished.

In the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, a new passenger line was proposed linking Frankston and Lyndhurst.

Cement traffic from Waurn Ponds near Geelong, to a siding serving a concrete batching plant operated by Boral, ended in 2009, after Pacific National increased the costs charged to Blue Circle Southern. The siding and the silo were removed in 2021 to make way for the duplication of the Cranbourne line.

Pacific National
Pacific National is Australia's largest private rail freight operator. It was formed in 2002, and is operated by the consortium Australian Logistics Acquisition Investments Pty Ltd. It was previously operated by Toll Holdings before 2016 and Toll and Patrick Corporation before 2005. The rail operator was formed as an amalgamation of FreightCorp and National Rail's freight operations, and later acquired Australian Transport Network. Pacific National has since sold off some of its assets to national and other private operators. It operates services in all mainland Australian states and territories. As of June 2012, the company operates 596 locomotives and 12,875 wagons.
BMAT Music Company
BMAT (Barcelona Music and Audio Technologies) is a music company that index all music usage and ownership data. The company monitors and reports music usage globally across TVs, radios, venues and digital. The company provides 80 million identifications and 27 billion matches to CMOs, publishers, record labels, broadcasters and DSPs daily. BMAT monitors radio Airplay, RIM Charts and other charts.

JACAP (Jamaica Association of Composers Authors and Publishers Limited) uses the BMAT digital monitoring system, which was introduced in 2013. The BMAT system monitors music usage of all media houses in Jamaica and keeps records of all musical works composed by JACAP members and affiliated societies. BMAT is partner of Audible Magic, The Official South African Music Charts, IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), RightsHub, The Indian Music Industry (IMI) and TagMix.

The Official South African Charts
The Official South African Charts (TOSAC) is the music industry standard record chart in South Africa launched by RISA for local and international songs. Chart rankings are based on digital sales and online streaming in South Africa through iTunes, Spotify, Apple Music, and Deezer. The charts were launched in South Africa on 1 September 2021, becoming the only South African chart to focus on songs on digital music streaming services. The first official number-one hit on the chart was Ed Sheeran's "Bad Habits".
Ask a Policeman (novel)
Ask a Policeman is a 1955 detective novel by E.C.R. Lorac, the pen name of the British writer Edith Caroline Rivett. It is the forty first in her long-running series featuring Chief Inspector MacDonald of Scotland Yard. Published by the Collins Crime Club, the title references the popular music hall song Ask a Policeman.

Collins Crime Club
Collins Crime Club was an imprint of British book publishers William Collins, Sons and ran from 6 May 1930 to April 1994. Throughout its 64 years the club issued a total of 2,012 first editions of crime novels and reached a high standard of quality throughout. In the field of crime book collecting, Collins Crime Club is eagerly sought, particularly pre-war first editions in dust wrappers with their vivid and imaginative images.
Justine Ghekiere
Justine Ghekiere (born 14 May 1996) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam AG Insurance–Soudal. She was on the Belgium team that supported Lotte Kopecky to her two wins in the 2023 and 2024 UCI Road World Championships in Glasgow, Scotland resp. Zurich, Switzerland and she was on the Belgium team that supported Lotte Kopecky to her bronze medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

In 2024, Ghekiere won the mountains classification at both the Tour de France Femmes and the Giro d'Italia Women.

In 2025 she won her biggest victory to date finishing first in the Belgian National Road Race Championships.

2023 UCI Road World Championships
The 2023 UCI Road World Championships were the 96th edition of the UCI Road World Championships, the annual world championships for road bicycle racing. They were held between 5 and 13 August 2023 in Scotland, as part of the inaugural UCI Cycling World Championships.

A total of thirteen events were held, consisting of six road races (all finishing in Glasgow city centre), six individual time trials (starting and finishing in Stirling) and a team time trial mixed relay (also held in Glasgow).
Timothy Jennings
Timothy Zeph Jennings (born September 4, 1950) is an American politician currently serving as Mayor of Roswell, New Mexico. He served as a member of the New Mexico Senate for the 32nd district from 1978 to 2012.

New Mexico Senate
The New Mexico State Senate (Spanish: Senado de Nuevo México) is the upper house of the New Mexico State Legislature, the lower house being the New Mexico House of Representatives.The Senate consists of 42 members, with each senator representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state. All senatorial districts are divided to contain a population on average of 43,300 state residents. Members of the Senate are elected to four-year terms without term limits.

The Senate convenes at the New Mexico State Capitol building in Santa Fe.
Michael Loren Mauldin
Michael Loren "Fuzzy" Mauldin (/ˈmɔːldən/; born March 23, 1959) is an American retired computer scientist and the inventor of the Lycos web search engine.

He has written 2 books, 10 refereed papers, and several technical reports on natural-language processing, autonomous information agents, information retrieval, and expert systems. He is also one of the authors of Rog-O-Matic and Julia, a Turing test competitor in the Loebner Prize.

Verbot, a defunct chatbot program, is based on Mauldin's work.

Mauldin is an active competitor in the Robot Fighting League.

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Annals of Applied Probability
The Annals of Applied Probability is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. The journal was established in 1991 with J. Michael Steele as founding editor-in-chief. It is indexed by Mathematical Reviews, Zentralblatt MATH, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 1.8.

J. Michael Steele
John Michael Steele is C.F. Koo Professor of Statistics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and he was previously affiliated with Stanford University, Columbia University and Princeton University.

Steele was elected the 2009 president of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.
Eparchy of Gornji Karlovac
The Eparchy of Gornji Karlovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Епархија горњокарловачка, Croatian: Eparhija gornjokarlovačka; "Eparchy of Upper Karlovac") is an eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church seated in the city of Karlovac, Croatia. It covers the area of Banovina, Kordun, Lika, Krbava, Gorski Kotar, as well as northern Croatia and Istria.

The important Orthodox Christian monasteries in the region are Gomirje near Ogulin and Komogovina Monastery between Glina and Kostajnica.

Hrvatska Kostajnica
Hrvatska Kostajnica (pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː kǒstaːjnit͡sa]; German: Castanowitz; Italian: Costainizza), also referred to as simply Kostajnica, is a town in central Croatia. It is located on the Una river in the Sisak-Moslavina County, south of Petrinja and Sisak and across the river from Kostajnica in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the past, Hrvatska Kostajnica was called by different names, Koztainicha, Kaztanicha to Costgnanica. The name most likely comes from the word Kostanj (chestnut).
American Palladium Eagle
The American Palladium Eagle is the official palladium bullion coin of the United States. Each coin has a face value of $25 and is composed of 99.95% fine palladium, with 1 troy ounce (31.1 g) actual palladium weight.

United States Mint
The United States Mint is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as controlling the movement of bullion. The U.S. Mint is one of two U.S. agencies that manufactures physical money. The other is the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which prints paper currency. The first United States Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792, and was soon joined by other centers, whose coins were identified by their own mint marks. There are currently four active coin-producing mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point.
Ferenc Szamosi
Ferenc Szamosi (né Sztoics; 15 February 1915 – 14 July 1968) was a Hungarian ice hockey and field hockey player who competed at the 1936 Winter Olympics and at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1936 he was part of the Hungarian ice hockey team which was eliminated in the second round of the Olympic tournament. He played all six matches.

At the 1936 Summer Games he was a member of the Hungarian field hockey team which was eliminated in the group stage of the Olympic tournament. He played two matches as halfback and back.

Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics
The field hockey tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the fifth edition of the field hockey event at the Summer Olympics.

All games took place either in the Hockey Stadion or on the Hockey Stadion Field No.2. Both of the field hockey grounds were near the Olympic Stadium located on the Reichssportfeld. The competition was held from 4 August 1936 to 15 August 1936. The field hockey matches saw a total attendance of 184,103 and 157,531 tickets were sold. The Indian team scored 38 goals, but only 1 goal was scored against them. British India were the Gold medalists.

Only a men's competition occurred that year.