hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platypleura haglundi
Platypleura haglundi is a medium-sized African cicada species, that occurs from northern South Africa to Zimbabwe, where it is found in diverse habitats. In South Africa it has been recorded in North West, the northern Free State, Northern Province, Gauteng, Mpumalanga and Kwazulu-Natal. The type was collected in Weenen Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal.

It has deep ochre hind-wings like its congeners, with a complete black border. The abdomen is black with an incomplete terminal white band. The species feeds on Acacia, Dichrostachys cinerea and Delonix regia. The adults are active from October to March. As with other southern African cicadas, they would generally emerge later at more southerly latitudes, and usually after seasonal rains.

It forms part of a southern African radiation in the Platypleura that started during the Miocene. A larger species of the southern African radiation, P. capensis, replaces it in the Cape fynbos regions.

Dichrostachys cinerea
Dichrostachys cinerea, known as sicklebush, bell mimosa, Chinese lantern tree or Kalahari Christmas tree (South Africa), is a legume of the genus Dichrostachys in the family Fabaceae.

Other common names include omubambanjobe (Tooro Uganda), acacia Saint Domingue (French), el marabú (Cuba), " Mpangara" (Shona), Kalahari-Weihnachtsbaum (German of former South West Africa), kéké or mimosa clochette (Réunion).
Peter Pike (priest)
Christianity portal

Peter John Pike (b 1953) is a retired Anglican priest: he was Archdeacon of Montgomery, 2012–2018)

Pike was educated at the University of Southampton and ordained 1985. After a curacy in Broughton he held incumbencies at Woodplumpton, Briercliffe, Bempton and Berriew.

Briercliffe
Briercliffe (historically Briercliffe-with-Extwistle) is a civil parish in the borough of Burnley, in Lancashire, England.  It is situated 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Burnley. The parish contains suburbs of Burnley (including Harle Syke and Haggate), and the rural area north east of the town. Hamlets in the parish include Cockden, Lane Bottom and in the Extwistle area, the tiny hamlet of Roggerham. According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, the parish has a population of 4,031.

The parish adjoins the Burnley parish of Worsthorne-with-Hurstwood and the unparished area of Burnley, the Pendle parishes of Brierfield, Nelson and Trawden Forest and West Yorkshire.
Battle of Naubatpur (1745)
The Battle of Naubatpur was a military confrontation during the Maratha invasions of Bengal in 1745. It pitted the forces of the Bengal Subah, led by Nawab Alivardi Khan, against the invading Maratha army under Raghuji Bhonsle of Nagpur. The battle, fought near Muhib Alipur, northeast of Naubatpur (in present-day Bihar, India), marked a key clash in the fourth Maratha incursion into Bengal and Bihar.

Alivardi Khan
Alivardi Khan (1676 – 9 April 1756) was the fourth Nawab of Bengal from 1740 to 1756. He toppled the Nasiri dynasty of Nawabs by defeating Sarfaraz Khan in 1740 and assumed power himself.

During much of his reign Alivardi encountered frequent Maratha raids under Raghuji Bhonsle, culminating in the surrender of the province of Orissa in a peace settlement in 1751. He also faced separatist rebellions in Bihar as well as a revolt from his grandson Siraj ud-Daulah, though these were suppressed.

Alivardi spent the latter part of his reign rebuilding Bengal. He was a patron of the arts and resumed the policies of Murshid Quli Khan. He maintained a politically neutral stance with the European powers in the subcontinent and prevented any infighting amongst them in his dominions. He was succeeded by Siraj ud-Daulah in 1756.
Keratin 6B
Keratin 6B is a type II cytokeratin, one of a number of isoforms of keratin 6. It is found with keratin 16 and/or keratin 17 in the hair follicles, the filiform papillae of the tongue and the epithelial lining of oral mucosa and esophagus. This keratin 6 isoform is thought be less abundant than the closely related keratin 6A protein. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein have been associated with pachyonychia congenita, an inherited disorder of the epithelial tissues in which this keratin is expressed, particularly leading to structural abnormalities of the nails, the epidermis of the palms and soles, and oral epithelia.  Keratin 6B is associated with the PC-K6B subtype of pachyonychia congenita.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
Slashmusic
Slashmusic was a podcast presented by Tom Ravenscroft for Channel 4 Radio. Forty shows were made available between August 2006 and June 2007.  The show was produced by Hermeet Chadhar, who had formerly produced a Radio 1 show for John Peel, Ravenscroft's father.  The podcast was relaunched in January 2008 under the name New Music Download.

The show was originally a 30-minute podcast, and was later extended to 45 minutes due to demand from listeners (although the show often extended to around an hour in length).

Tom Ravenscroft
Thomas James Dalglish Ravenscroft (born 6 February 1980) is a British radio presenter and disc jockey. He previously hosted a BBC Radio 6 Music show featuring new and unsigned music. He is the son of the late DJ John Peel.
Michael Walter (luger)
Michael Walter (12 March 1959 in Pirna – 6 August 2016) was a German luger who competed during the 1980s. He won two medals in the men's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1985 and a silver in 1981.

Walter also won two medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a silver in the mixed team event (1988) and a bronze in the men's singles event (1986). He also won the men's singles Luge World Cup overall title in 1983-4.

Walter also competed in two Winter Olympics and was a substitute for the East German team on a third. His best finish at the Winter Olympics was fourth in the men's singles event at Sarajevo in 1984.

FIL World Luge Championships 1981
The FIL World Luge Championships 1981 took place in Hammarstrand, Sweden for the third time. Hammarstrand had hosted the event previously in 1967 and 1975. It also marked the last time the event took place on a natural track until 2000 with events now moving to the FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships which debuted in 1979.
Scattergood Baines (radio series)
Scattergood Baines is an American serial radio program that was broadcast in two versions, one on CBS from 1937 until 1942 and the other on Mutual in 1949. Both versions were based on stories written by Clarence Budington Kelland and published in magazines.

CBS Radio
CBS Radio was a radio broadcasting company and radio network operator owned by CBS Corporation and founded in 1928, with consolidated radio station groups owned by CBS and Westinghouse Broadcasting/Group W since the 1920s, and Infinity Broadcasting since the 1970s. The broadcasting company was sold to Entercom (now known as Audacy, Inc.) on November 17, 2017.

Although CBS's involvement in radio dates back to the establishment of the original CBS Radio Network in 1927, the most recent radio division was formed by the 1997 acquisition of Infinity Broadcasting by CBS owner Westinghouse. In 1999, Infinity became a division of the original Viacom; in 2005, Viacom spun CBS and Infinity Broadcasting back into a separate company, and the division was renamed CBS Radio. It was the last radio group left to be tied to a major broadcast television network, as NBC divested its radio interests in the 1980s, and ABC sold off its division to Citadel Broadcasting (now part of Cumulus Media) in 2007.
Dārziņš
Dārziņš (Old orthography: Dahrsin; feminine: Dārziņa) is a Latvian topographic surname, derived from the Latvian word for "garden" (dārzs). Individuals with the surname include:

Emīls Dārziņš (1875–1910), Latvian composer, conductor and music critic

Lauris Dārziņš (born 1985), Latvian ice hockey player

Volfgangs Dārziņš (1906–1962), Latvian composer

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
Phool Bahadur
Fool Bahadur is a novel in Magahi language by Indian author Jayanath Pati that was published in 1928 and was the first novel written in Magahi Language. It was a Comic novel and was published on first of April on April Fools' Day.

Comic novel
A comic novel is a novel-length work of humorous fiction. Many well-known authors have written comic novels, including P. G. Wodehouse, Henry Fielding, Mark Twain, and John Kennedy Toole. Comic novels are often defined by the author's literary choice to make the thrust of the work—in its narration or plot—funny or satirical in orientation, regardless of the putative seriousness of the topics addressed.
Grodziszów
Grodziszów [ɡrɔˈd͡ʑiʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siechnice, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is about 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Święta Katarzyna, and 17 km (11 mi) south-east of the regional capital Wrocław.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
BBC Radio Guernsey
BBC Radio Guernsey is the BBC's local radio station serving the Bailiwick of Guernsey, Alderney and Sark.

It broadcasts on FM, AM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios on Bulwer Avenue in St Sampson. The station will stop broadcasting on MW on 31 March 2026.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 12,000 listeners and a 10.2% share as of December 2023.

Sark
Sark (Sercquiais: Sèr or Cerq, French: Sercq) is an island in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, and part of the archipelago of the Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a self-governing British Crown Dependency, with its own set of laws based on Norman law, and its own parliament. It was a royal fiefdom until 2008, when the Constitution of Sark went into effect.

Sark has a population of about 500. Including the nearby island of Brecqhou, it has an area of 2.10 square miles (5.44 km2). Little Sark is a peninsula joined by a natural but high and very narrow isthmus to the rest of Sark Island.

Sark is one of the few places in the world where cars are banned from roads, and only tractors, bicycles, and horse-drawn vehicles are allowed. In 2011, Sark was designated as a Dark Sky Community and the first Dark Sky Island in the world.
Lynching of George Hughes
The lynching of George Hughes, which led to what is called the Sherman Riot, took place in Sherman, Texas, in 1930. An African-American man accused of rape and pleaded guilty in court died on May 9 when the Grayson County Courthouse was set on fire by a White mob, who subsequently burned and looted local Black-owned businesses. Martial law was declared on May 10, but by that time many of Sherman's Black-owned businesses had been burnt to the ground. Thirty-nine people were arrested, eight of whom were charged, and later, a grand jury indicted 14 men, none for lynching. By October 1931, one man received a short prison term for arson and inciting a riot. The outbreak of violence was followed by two more lynchings in Texas, one in Oklahoma, and several lynching attempts.

Fannin County, Texas
Fannin County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas, on the border with Oklahoma. Fannin is located at the western edge of Northeast Texas.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 35,662, making it the 87th-most populous county in Texas. The entirety of Fannin County is a part of the Bonham micropolitan statistical area and the Dallas-Fort Worth combined statistical area. The county seat is Bonham.
Betsy Hassett
Betsy Doon Hassett (born 4 August 1990) is a New Zealand former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or a right winger. She has previously played for German side SC Sand, English club Manchester City, Amazon Grimstad in Norway, Werder Bremen in Germany's Frauen-Bundesliga, Dutch club Ajax and Icelandic clubs KR and Stjarnan. She represented New Zealand at the 2011 and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup,  as well as the 2012, 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics.

Stjarnan (women's football)
The Stjarnan women's football team is the women's football department of the Ungmennafélagið Stjarnan multi-sport club. It is based in Garðabær, Iceland, and currently plays in the Besta deild kvenna, the top-tier women's football league in Iceland. The team plays its home games at the Samsung völlurinn located in Garðabær. The team's colors are blue and white. Stjarnan has won the Icelandic championship four times and also the Icelandic Women's Cup in 2012, 2014 and 2015.
Poland Local School District
The Poland Local School District is a school district located in southern Mahoning County, Ohio. It serves students in grades Pre-K through 12 living in Poland, Ohio as well as portions of Boardman, Beaver and Youngstown. the district consists of one high school, one middle school, one elementary and one preschool. All buildings and offices are located in Poland, Ohio.

Poland, Ohio
Poland is a village in eastern Mahoning County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,463 at the 2020 United States census. A suburb about 7 miles (11 km) south of Youngstown, it is part of the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area.
State Highway 21 (New Zealand)
State Highway 21 (SH 21) is a short 6.7-kilometre (4.2 mi) stretch of highway in the North Island of New Zealand. It links State Highway 1, Waikato Expressway at Tamahere and State Highway 3 at Ōhaupō. Its main destination is Hamilton Airport and Mystery Creek, where the National Agricultural Fieldays are held.

SH 21 was gazetted as a brand new state highway designation in 1997.

National Agricultural Fieldays
The National Agricultural Fieldays is an annual national agricultural show and field day event held in mid-June at the Mystery Creek Events Centre near Hamilton, New Zealand.  It styles itself as "the biggest agricultural trade show in the southern hemisphere".

Fieldays attracts 1,000 exhibitors and over 115,000 visitors through its gates. Smaller shows, held annually in New Zealand's towns and communities, are generally called agricultural and pastoral shows (A&P shows). The event has visitor attractions such as sheepdog trials and tractor pulling contests.

Between 1985 and 1998 the Fieldays Society operated a short-term radio station for Fieldays visitors. Ag Week Radio, later known as Fieldays Radio, operated from the Mystery Creek site. It broadcast on 1XR 855 AM in 1985 and 1988, 1296 AM in June 1993, 792 AM in June 1994, 94.6 FM in June 1997 and 97.0 FM in June 1998.

Fieldays was suspended in 2020.
1977 anti-Tamil pogrom
The 1977 anti-Tamil pogrom in Sri Lanka followed the 1977 general elections in Sri Lanka where the Sri Lankan Tamil nationalistic Tamil United Liberation Front won a plurality of minority Sri Lankan Tamil votes. In the elections, the party stood for secession. An official government estimate put the death toll at 125, whereas other sources estimate that around 300 Tamils were killed by Sinhalese mobs. Human rights groups, such as the UTHR-J, accused the newly elected UNP-led government of orchestrating the violence.

The pogrom began with policemen threatening and assaulting Tamils at a carnival in Jaffna, which led to a clash between the two groups. This led to further police violence against Tamils in Jaffna, followed by Tamil violence against Sinhalese in the city. Following the Jaffna incidents, violence between Sinhalese and Tamils flared throughout the country. While the large majority of victims were Tamils, Sinhalese were also attacked in Tamil majority areas.

G. G. Ponnambalam
Ganapathipillai Gangaser Ponnambalam (Tamil: கணபதி காங்கேசர் பொன்னம்பலம்; 8 November 1901 – 9 February 1977) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, politician and cabinet minister. He was the founder and leader of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC), the first political party to represent the Ceylon Tamils.
Web API security
Web API security entails authenticating programs or users who are invoking a web API.

Along with the ease of API integrations come the difficulties of ensuring proper authentication (AuthN) and authorization (AuthZ). In a multitenant environment, security controls based on proper AuthN and AuthZ can help ensure that API access is limited to those who need (and are entitled to) it. Appropriate AuthN schemes enable producers (APIs or services) to properly identify consumers (clients or calling programs), and to evaluate their access level (AuthZ). In other words, may a consumer invoke a particular method (business logic) based on the credentials presented?

"Interface design flaws are widespread, from the world of crypto processors through sundry
embedded systems right through to antivirus software and the operating system itself."

Antivirus software
Antivirus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is software intended to prevent, detect, and remove malware.

Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other malware, antivirus software started to protect against other computer threats. Some products also include protection from malicious URLs, spam, and phishing.
Pentapycnon geayi
Pentapycnon geayi is a species of sea spider (class Pycnogonida) in the family Pycnogonidae. As the genus name Pentapycnon suggests, the sea spider P. geayi is among the seven species of sea spiders with five pairs of legs in adults rather than the usual four leg pairs. The species P. geayi is found in the Caribbean Sea, the tropical Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. This species is one of only two species of polymerous (i.e., extra-legged) sea spiders found outside the Southern Ocean.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
New Boston, Michigan
New Boston is an unincorporated community in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located within Huron Charter Township. As an unincorporated community, New Boston has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own.

New Boston is located close to three divisions of the Huron–Clinton Metroparks system: Lower Huron, Oakwoods, and Willow. The Huron River runs through New Boston. The community has its own post office with the 48164 ZIP Code, which also serves the communities of Waltz and Willow, as well as smaller portions of Sumpter Township to the west and Brownstown Charter Township to the east.  The community is served by Huron School District.

Oakwoods Metropark
Oakwoods Metropark is a park in the Huron-Clinton Metroparks system, located along the Huron River near Flat Rock, Michigan. The park consists several miles of bike trails, numerous nature trails, horse trails, a canoe and kayak launch, and a Nature Center. It is directly connected to Willow and Lower Huron Metroparks, as well as Huroc Park through a branch of the Downriver Linked Greenways.
Ǵ
Ǵ (minuscule: ǵ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed by putting an acute accent over the letter G. The letter represents the Pashto letter geh (ږ), the Macedonian letter gje (Ѓ), and the Karakalpak phoneme /ɣ/ (Cyrillic Ғ), and appears in the Cantonese Yale multigraphs nǵ and nǵh. The letter is also used to transcribe the Old Church Slavic letter djerv (Ꙉ). In Võro it is used to represent /kʲ/, the short palatalised velar plosive and in Finno-Ugric transcription it is used for /gʲ/, the palatalised voiced velar plosive.

The 2019 reformed alphabet for Uzbek also contains this letter. It is currently represented by Gʻ (Cyrillic Ғ).

The 2018 revision of the Kazakh Latin alphabet uses the letter as a replacement for the Cyrillic Ғ, which represents [ʁ]. In 2019, the letter was replaced by Ğ.

Velar stop
In phonetics and phonology, a velar stop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the back of the tongue in contact with the soft palate (also known as the velum, hence velar), held tightly enough to block the passage of air (hence a stop consonant).  The most common sounds are the stops [k] and [ɡ], as in English cut and gut.  More generally, several kinds are distinguished:

[k], voiceless velar plosive

[ɡ], voiced velar plosive

[ŋ], voiced velar nasal

[ŋ̊], voiceless velar nasal

[kʼ], velar ejective

[ɠ ], voiced velar implosive (rare)

[ɠ̊ ] or [kʼ↓], voiceless velar implosive (unattested in normal words; some English speakers use it to imitate the "glug-glug" sound of liquid being poured from a bottle).
Mario Wynands
Mario Wynands (born in Wellington, New Zealand) is the co-founder and managing director of Sidhe Interactive and managing director of PikPok.

Wynands attended Naenae College, then studied computer science and marketing at Victoria University of Wellington.

Wynands has developed popular games and series such as Shatter and the Rugby league series and Rugby Union series.

Shatter (video game)
Shatter is an action video game developed and published by Sidhe. The game was released on July 23, 2009 for PlayStation 3 via PlayStation Network, on March 15, 2010 for Microsoft Windows, on September 18, 2012 for OS X, and on March 14, 2013 for Linux. A remastered version developed by Sidhe's successor PikPok and published by Netflix was released for iOS and Android via Netflix Games on March 23, 2022. A version of the mobile remaster published by PikPok, subtitled Remastered Deluxe, was released on November 2, 2022 for Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.

Shatter uses the Arkanoid gameplay mechanic, with the addition of physics forces "suck" and "blow" to give the player control of the ball and other physics-enabled objects.