hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maryeve Dufault
Maryeve Dufault (born February 16, 1982) is a Canadian professional racing driver, model, and advertising spokeswoman. She has raced in the Skip Barber, Formula BMW, Formula Renault, Star Mazda, NASCAR Canadian Tire Series, ARCA Racing Series and NASCAR Nationwide Series. As a model, she has appeared on numerous television series, most notably The Price is Right.

Formula Renault
Formula Renault are classes of formula racing popular in Europe and elsewhere. Regarded as an entry-level series to motor racing, it was founded in 1971, and was a respected series where drivers can learn advanced racecraft before moving on to higher formulas.

Renault now backs the French F4 Championship and Formula Regional European Championship. The World Series by Renault once included Formula Renault 3.5 before becoming World Series Formula V8 3.5 in 2016, then folding in 2017.
Chan rearrangement
The Chan rearrangement is a chemical reaction that involves rearranging an acyloxy acetate (1) in the presence of a strong base to a 2-hydroxy-3-keto-ester (2).

This procedure was employed in the Holton Taxol total synthesis.

Acyl group
In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group (R−C=O) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group (H−C=O). In organic chemistry, the acyl group (IUPAC name alkanoyl if the organyl group is alkyl) is usually derived from a carboxylic acid, in which case it has the formula R−C(=O)−, where R represents an organyl group or hydrogen. Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids. In the most common arrangement, acyl groups are attached to a larger molecular fragment, in which case the carbon and oxygen atoms are linked by a double bond.
Edit distance
In computational linguistics and computer science, edit distance is a string metric, i.e. a way of quantifying how dissimilar two strings (e.g., words) are to one another, that is measured by counting the minimum number of operations required to transform one string into the other. Edit distances find applications in natural language processing, where automatic spelling correction can determine candidate corrections for a misspelled word by selecting words from a dictionary that have a low distance to the word in question. In bioinformatics, it can be used to quantify the similarity of DNA sequences, which can be viewed as strings of the letters A, C, G and T.

Different definitions of an edit distance use different sets of like operations. Levenshtein distance operations are the removal, insertion, or substitution of a character in the string. Being the most common metric, the term Levenshtein distance is often used interchangeably with edit distance.

Hirschberg's algorithm
In computer science, Hirschberg's algorithm, named after its inventor, Dan Hirschberg, is a dynamic programming algorithm that finds the optimal sequence alignment between two strings. Optimality is measured with the Levenshtein distance, defined to be the sum of the costs of insertions, replacements, deletions, and null actions needed to change one string into the other. Hirschberg's algorithm is simply described as a more space-efficient version of the Needleman–Wunsch algorithm that uses dynamic programming. Hirschberg's algorithm is commonly used in computational biology to find maximal global alignments of DNA and protein sequences.
Ethiopian National Lottery Administration
The Ethiopian National Lottery Administration (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ የብሔራዊ ሎተሪ አስተዳደር) is an Ethiopian government agency responsible for the management of lottery games in Ethiopia. Established in 1961, it is under the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development oversight.

Federal government of Ethiopia
The federal government of Ethiopia (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā mängəst) is structured in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the federal government. The prime minister is chosen by the lower chamber of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Federal legislative power is vested in both the federal government and the two chambers of parliament. The judiciary is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. They are governed under the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia. There is a bicameral parliament made of the 108-seat House of Federation and the 547-seat House of Peoples' Representatives. The House of Federation has members chosen by the regional councils to serve five-year terms. The House of Peoples' Representatives is elected by direct election, who in turn elect the president for a six-year term.
John Meirion Morris
John Meirion Morris (14 March 1936 – 18 September 2020) was a Welsh sculptor.

Morris was born in Llanuwchllyn, near Bala, Gwynedd, where his parents kept a shop.  He studied at Liverpool College of Art and later taught the subject at Llanidloes. In 1966, he began a period as a lecturer at Kumasi University in Ghana, returning to Wales two years later to lecture at Aberystwyth University.

In 1985, he obtained his M.Phil. for research into Celtic La Tène art, and he subsequently returned to his home town to work as a sculptor.

His works included the design and model for the proposed Tryweryn monument and a bronze bust of Ray Gravell at the BBC studios in Cardiff.  A retrospective exhibition of his work was hosted by the National Library of Wales in 2009.

One of his sculptures, Pieta, commemorates his son Dylan, who died in 2002 of a brain tumour.

Morris died, aged 84, in 2020, survived by his wife Gwawr and two children.

Ray Gravell
Raymond William Robert Gravell (12 September 1951 – 31 October 2007) was a Welsh rugby union centre who played club rugby for Llanelli RFC.
At international level, Gravell earned 23 caps for Wales and was selected for the 1980 British Lions tour to South Africa.

In his later career he became a respected broadcaster and occasional actor. Gravell was also a member of the Gorsedd of Bards, an honour bestowed on him for his contribution to the Welsh language. At the Eisteddfodau Gravell was known by his bardic name Ray o'r Mynydd and was given the ceremonial role of Grand Sword Bearer.
Richard Bryant (actor)
Richard Bryant (born September 22, 1984, in Stockton, California) is an American actor who has appeared in the Lifetime Television series Army Wives. He played Jeremy Sherwood.

Richard moved to Charleston, SC in 1986. He attended Trident Technical College in Charleston, South Carolina. He graduated high school in 2002 from the Charleston County School of the Arts, where he was a theatre major. Richard is currently enrolled at the College of Charleston.

He also appeared on The WB/The CW Television Network show One Tree Hill.

He is multi-talented. His talents include: guitar, bass guitar, banjo, drums, cello, and being able to play the piano by ear. He can speak some French and Spanish. Besides acting and playing the guitar, he enjoys traveling, surfing, and being outdoors.

Charleston County School of the Arts
Charleston County School of the Arts (SOA) is a public magnet school located in North Charleston, South Carolina and is considered part of the Charleston County School District. It was founded in 1995 by Rose Maree Jordan Myers, who served as principal until 2007.
Li Tong (canoeist)
Li Tong (Chinese: 李彤; pinyin: Lǐ Tóng; born 8 October 1988) is a Chinese slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2006.

She won a gold medal in the K1 event at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, and a silver in the same event in 2018 near Jakarta. Tong finished in 5th place in the K1 team event at the 2018 World Championships in Rio. She earned her best senior world championship result, of 12th, at the 2015 World Championships in Lee Valley.

Li competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, after China secured a quota as the 18th placed NOC at the 2019 World Championships. She finished 20th in the K1 event after being eliminated in the semifinal.

2019 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2019 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were the 40th edition of the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. The event took place from 24 to 29 September 2019 in La Seu d'Urgell, Catalonia, Spain under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF). The events took place at the Segre Olympic Park which also hosted the canoe slalom events at the 1992 Summer Olympics. La Seu d'Urgell hosted the championships for the third time after previously hosting the event in 1999 and 2009.

As is traditional in a pre-Olympic year, the Championships also doubled as the primary qualification event for the 2020 Summer Olympics. The top placed boats (subject to a limit of one per nation) earned their NOCs a qualification quota. 18 qualification spots were available in the K1 events, and eleven in the C1.

Seu also hosted the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships as part of the same event.
BZIP intron saccharomycetales
The bZIP intron saccharomycetales is an unconventional bZIP intron located in the HAC1 mRNA in most budding yeast belonging to Saccharomycetales order. The structure consists of two hairpins with their loop regions defining 5’ and 3’ splice sites and a long, poorly conserved sequence separating them. In some species this poorly conserved region can pair with the 5’ UTR of the HAC1 mRNA forming a pseudoknot, which stalls the translation. The unconventional splicing is performed by an endoribonuclease Ire1 in response to ER stress and it was first shown in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomycetales
Saccharomycetales belongs to the kingdom of Fungi and the division Ascomycota. It is the only order in the class Saccharomycetes. There are currently 13 families recognized as belonging to Saccharomycetales. GBIF also includes; Alloascoideaceae (with 5 genera), Eremotheciaceae (16) Trigonopsidaceae (with 36) and Wickerhamomycetaceae (with 141 genera).
Gyalideopsis crenulata
Gyalideopsis crenulata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. This inconspicuous lichen forms thin, pale grey to brownish films on rock fragments and is distinguished by its tiny, dark fruiting bodies with distinctively scalloped margins that give the species its name. It appears to be a specialist of disturbed mine spoil environments, where it grows on flat stones lying on fine material that provides the damp conditions it requires. It is known only from two copper-mining sites in Wales.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
2016 Le Samyn des Dames
The 2016 Le Samyn des Dames was the fifth running of the women's Le Samyn, a women's bicycle race in Hainaut, Belgium. It was held on 2 March 2016 over a distance of 112.8 kilometres (70.1 miles) starting in Quaregnon and finishing in Dour. It was rated by the UCI as a 1.2 category race.

Quaregnon
Quaregnon (French pronunciation: [kaʁɲɔ̃]; Picard: Couargnon; Walloon: Cargnon) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

On 1 January 2018 Quaregnon had a total population of 19,006. The total area is 11.08 km2 which gives a population density of 1,716 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Quaregnon and Wasmuel.
Samuel Rascoff
Samuel James Rascoff (born c. 1973) is an American legal scholar and Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, regarded as an expert in national security law.

Rascoff graduated from Harvard University before attending Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar. He then graduated from Yale Law School in 2001 and clerked for Judge Pierre N. Leval of the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 2002, and Justice David Souter at the Supreme Court in 2003–04. After serving as a special assistant with the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, he became an associate at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz.

A 2005 article in the New York Observer identified Rascoff as a potential future Supreme Court nominee. He is currently the faculty director of the NYU Law - NYU Tandon Master of Science in Cybersecurity Risk and Strategy program.

The New York Observer
The New York Observer was a weekly newspaper established in 1987. In 2016, it ceased print publication and became the online-only newspaper Observer. The media site focuses on culture, real estate, media, politics and the entertainment and publishing industries.
The Throne of Fire (film)
The Throne of Fire (Italian: Il trono di fuoco) is a 1983 Italian film directed by Franco Prosperi, starring Sabrina Siani and Pietro Torrisi. The film is among the peplums of the 1980s to feature a woman as the central character, along with Red Sonja,  Hundra and Barbarian Queen.

Barbarian Queen
Barbarian Queen (also known as Queen of the Naked Steel) is a 1985 American-Argentine fantasy film starring Lana Clarkson, directed by Héctor Olivera and written by Howard R. Cohen. The film premiered in April 1985 in the United States.  It was executive produced by Roger Corman, and it was the third in a series of ten movies that Corman produced in Argentina during the 1980s.
Federal University of São Paulo
The Federal University of São Paulo (Portuguese: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP) is a public university in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Until 2005, UNIFESP was exclusively for Health Sciences, but after that year the university became multisubject due to Brazilian Federal Government's University Reform Program (REUNI). Now, the university has six campuses, the oldest in Vila Clementino, in São Paulo (Health) and four more in Guarulhos (Humanities area), Diadema (Science, Engineering and related), Santos (Health, Marine Sciences), São José dos Campos (Computational and Engineering fields) and Osasco (Business and related). New campus is planned in Santo Amaro, a district of (São Paulo).

Despite the recent expansion, UNIFESP is considered one of the most prestigious universities in the country, attracting students from all over Brazil and neighboring countries.

Santo Amaro (district of São Paulo)
23°39′14″S 46°42′24″W﻿ / ﻿23.6538°S 46.7068°W﻿ / -23.6538; -46.7068

Santo Amaro is a district located within the subprefecture of the same name in the southern area of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It was formerly a separate municipality from 1832 until 1935, when it was incorporated into the city of São Paulo.

The district spans an area of 16.04 km² (6.19 sq mi), with a population of 85,349 recorded by the 2022 Brazilian census. Its most central part is the Largo 13 de Maio, where the Santo Amaro Cathedral and the Marco Zero (kilometre zero) of the old city of Santo Amaro are located.

A German international school, Colégio Humboldt São Paulo (formerly named Ginásio Humboldt), is also located in Santo Amaro.
Thomas Heberer (sinologist)
Thomas Heberer, Chinese name 王海, (3 November 1947, Offenbach/Main, West Germany) is a German social anthropologist and political scientist specializing in Chinese politics and society. He has conducted extensive research on local governance, minorities’ policies, and the political role of private entrepreneurs in China.

Offenbach am Main
Offenbach am Main (German pronunciation: [ˈɔfn̩bax ʔam ˈmaɪn] ⓘ, lit. 'Offenbach on the Main') is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the left bank of the river Main. It borders Frankfurt and is part of the Frankfurt urban area and the larger Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. It has a population of 138,335 (December 2018).

In the 20th century, the city's economy was built on machine-building, leather-making, typography and design, and the automobile and pharmaceutical industries.
Filmer baronets
The Filmer Baronetcy, of East Sutton in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 26 December 1674 for Robert Filmer, of East Sutton Place, East Sutton, Kent. He was the grandson of Sir Edward Filmer, of Little Charleton, High Sheriff of Kent in 1616, who married Elizabeth Argall of East Sutton and purchased the estate there from her brother. His son Sir Robert Filmer, father of the first Baronet, was a supporter of the Crown during the English Civil War. The baronetcy was created for his son, also Robert Filmer, after the Restoration of Charles II in his honour.

The second Baronet was High Sheriff of Kent in 1689. The fourth Baronet was member of parliament for Steyning. The eighth Baronet was member of parliament for West Kent. The ninth Baronet represented West Kent and Mid Kent in Parliament. The title became extinct on the death of the tenth Baronet in 1916.

West Kent (UK Parliament constituency)
West Kent (formally known as "Kent, Western") was a county constituency in Kent in South East England.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.
Institute of Physical Education Chonburi Campus Stadium
Institute of Physical Education Chonburi Campus Stadium  or  IPE Chonburi Stadium  (Thai: สนามสถาบันการพลศึกษา วิทยาเขตชลบุรี) is a sports stadium located on the Institute of Physical Education Chonburi Campus in Mueang Chonburi District, Chonburi Province, Thailand. The stadium holds 11,000 people.  It is currently used mostly for football matches; it is the former home stadium of Pattaya United F.C. and Chonburi F.C.  It is fitted with floodlights, enabling evening matches to be played. The stadium also has a running track, as do most stadiums in Thailand.

Chonburi province
Chonburi (Thai: ชลบุรี, RTGS: Chon Buri, [tɕ͡ʰōn bū.rīː] ⓘ) is a province of Thailand (changwat) located in eastern Thailand. Its capital is also named Chonburi. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise from north) Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi, and Rayong, while the Bay of Bangkok is to the west. Pattaya, a major tourism destination in Thailand, is located in Chonburi, along with Laem Chabang, the country's primary seaport. The population of the province has grown rapidly and now totals 1.7 million residents, although a large portion of the population is floating or unregistered. The registered population as of 31 December 2024 was 1.635 million.
Merced Union High School District
The Merced Union High School District (MUHSD) is a school district headquartered in the Castle Commerce Center on the grounds of the Castle Airport Aviation and Development Center in unincorporated Merced County, California, near Atwater. The union high school district serves Atwater, Livingston, Merced, and the surrounding area.

Union school district
In some U.S. states, a union school district or union high school district is a school district that has been established by the consolidation of "two or more school districts situated in the same county".  A Joint union school district is similar, but the component districts are "situated wholly or in part in different counties".  A union school district is distinguished from a unified school district (USD) in that a union school district generally does not include or operate both primary or grade schools and high schools. A "unified school district" generally does include and operate both types of schools.  (Vermont has a different distinction, as explained below.)
Enclosure of the executed
The Enclosure of the executed (French: Enclos des fusillés; Dutch: Erepark der gefusilleerden) is a small cemetery in the Brussels municipality of Schaerbeek, where 365 resistance fighters of both world wars are buried.

The field of honour is located at 102, rue Colonel Bourg/Kolonel Bourgstraat, where the National Shooting Range was previously located. Nowadays, it lies on the plot of several media networks, including the Flemish Radio and Television Broadcasting Organisation and the Belgian Radio and television of the French Community.

Resistance movement
A resistance movement is an organized group of people that tries to resist or try to overthrow a government or an occupying power, causing disruption and unrest in civil order and stability. Such a movement may seek to achieve its goals through either the use of violent or nonviolent resistance (sometimes called civil resistance), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In multiple cases, as for example in the United States during the American Revolution, or in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country.
Enemy Airmen's Act
The Enemy Airmen's Act was a law passed by Imperial Japan on 13 August 1942 which stated that Allied airmen participating in bombing raids against Japanese-held territory would be treated as "violators of the law of war" and subject to trial and punishment if captured by Japanese forces. This law contributed to the deaths of hundreds of Allied airmen throughout the Pacific and Asian theaters of World War II. Shortly after World War II, Japanese officers who carried out show trials and illegal executions under the Enemy Airmen's Act were found guilty of war crimes.

Show trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the guilt or innocence of the defendant has already been determined. The purpose of holding a show trial is to present both accusation and verdict to the public, serving as an example and a warning to other would-be dissidents or transgressors.

Show trials tend to be retributive rather than corrective, and they are also conducted for propagandistic purposes. When aimed at individuals on the basis of protected classes or characteristics, show trials are examples of political persecution. The term was first recorded in 1928.
Zone 55, Qatar
Zone 55 is a zone of the municipality of Al Rayyan in the state of Qatar. The main districts recorded in the 2015 population census were Fereej Al Soudan, Al Waab, Al Aziziya, New Fereej Al Ghanim, Fereej Al Murra, Fereej Al Manaseer, Bu Sidra, Muaither, Al Sailiya, and Al Mearad.

Al Waab
Al Waab (Arabic: الوعب, romanized: Al Wa‘b) is a district in the municipality of Al Rayyan in Qatar. The district has witnessed tremendous growth beginning in the mid-1990s, resulting in the construction of numerous residential compounds to house expatriates, villas, and commercial and medical developments. It is a district of Al Rayyan City, which, in turn, is a part of the Doha Metropolitan Area.

Located roughly 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Doha city center, the district is located next to some of Doha's most popular attractions such as the Aspire Zone and Villaggio Mall, both of which are located on Al Waab Street in neighboring Baaya. Gated compounds are very common in this district, numbering at 21 in 2016. Several Western-curriculum schools are located in or adjacent to the district, such as Doha College, Newton International School, and the American School of Doha.