hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rail transport in Spain
Rail transport in Spain operates on four rail gauges and services are operated by a variety of private and public operators. Total railway length in 2020 was 15,489 km (9,953 km electrified). The Spanish high-speed rail network is the longest HSR network in Europe with 3,973 km (2,464 mi) and the second longest in the world, after China's.

Most trains are operated by Renfe. Local publicly owned operators include Euskotren in the Basque Country, FGC in Catalonia and Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca in the Balearic Islands. High speed train operators other than Renfe include Ouigo and Iryo.

It is proposed and planned to build or convert more lines to standard gauge, including some dual gauging of broad-gauge lines, especially where these lines link to France, including platforms to be raised.

Spain is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Spain is 71.

Dual gauge
A dual gauge railroad track has three or four rails, allowing vehicles of two track gauges to run on it.

Signalling and sidings are more expensive to install on dual gauge tracks than on two single gauge tracks. Dual gauge is used when there is not enough room for two single tracks or when tracks of two different gauges meet in marshalling yards or train stations.
Mike Norvell
Michael Norvell (born October 11, 1981) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach at Florida State University (FSU), a position he has held since the 2020 season. He was previously head coach at Memphis, and has coached for Arizona State, Pittsburgh, Tulsa, and Central Arkansas. He played wide receiver at the University of Central Arkansas from 2001 to 2005 and is the school's all-time receptions leader.

Tulane Green Wave football
The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football. The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The football team is currently coached by Will Hall, the team plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans.
Nowe Kotkowice
Nowe Kotkowice [ˈnɔvɛ kɔtkɔˈvit͡sɛ], additional name in German: Neu Kuttendorf, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the Czech border.

Since 2009, in addition to the official Polish language, German has also been recognized as an additional secondary language.

Gmina Głogówek
Gmina Głogówek (German: Gemeinde Oberglogau) is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the Czech border in Upper Silesia. Its seat is the town of Głogówek (Oberglogau), which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Prudnik and 37 km (23 mi) south of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 170.06 square kilometres (65.7 sq mi), and as of 2019, its total population was 13,258. Since 2009, in addition to the official Polish language, German has also been recognized as an additional secondary language.
Kevan Broadhurst
Kevan Broadhurst (born 3 June 1959) is an English former professional footballer, coach and football manager.

Broadhurst was born in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire. He played 173 games for Birmingham City in all competitions and had a three-game loan spell at Walsall before his playing career was cut short due to injury.

His managerial career began in 1999 when he was caretaker manager of Northampton Town following the departure of Ian Atkins from the club. He became full-time manager of Northampton in 2001 for sixteen months.

In 2004 Broadhurst was appointed joint caretaker manager of Bristol Rovers with Russell Osman, and when Ian Atkins joined the club as manager Broadhurst remained as his assistant.

Broadhurst was given the manager's job at Walsall in 2006, but only held the position for 61 days, winning only one of his eleven games in charge.

In 2012, Broadhurst was one of seven former players elected to Birmingham City's Hall of Fame.

Caretaker manager
In association football, a caretaker manager or interim manager is somebody who takes temporary charge of the management of a football team, usually when the regular manager is dismissed or leaves for a different club. However, a caretaker manager may also be appointed if the regular manager is suspended, ill, has a suspected contagious disease (e.g. COVID-19) or is unable to attend to their usual duties. Caretaker managers are normally appointed at short notice from within the club, usually the assistant manager, a senior coach, or an experienced player.
Duris, Lebanon
Duris (also Dūris, or Dûris (Arabic: دورس), formally Doris and also known by its French spelling Douris) is a village located approximately 3 km (2 mi). southwest of Baalbek in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon. It is the site of a 13th-century Muslim shrine and a necropolis from the late Roman Imperial period that is currently undergoing archaeological investigation.

History of ancient Lebanon
The history of ancient Lebanon traces the course of events related to the geographic area in the Eastern Mediterranean of what is now known as Lebanon from the beginning of antiquity to the beginning of Arab rule.
Saanen District
Saanen District is one of the 26 administrative districts in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. Its capital, while having administrative power, was the municipality of Saanen. From 1 January 2010, the district lost its administrative power while being replaced by the Obersimmental-Saanen (administrative district), whose administrative centre is still Saanen. Since 2010, it remains therefore a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne. The district has an area of 241 km2 and consists of 3 municipalities:

Saanen
Saanen (German pronunciation: [ˈzaːnən]; French: Gessenay; Highest Alemannic: Saanä) is a municipality in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Obersimmental-Saanen administrative district.
Visconti Castle (Massino)
The Visconti Castle of Massino is a medieval castle located on the Vergante hills in the municipality of Massino Visconti, Province of Novara, Piedmont, northern Italy. Since the 12th century it has been a possession and one of the preferred residences of the Visconti of Milan. At that time it was frequented by the family ancestor of the lords and dukes of Milan. Afterwards its property was transferred to other collateral branches of the lineage, from the initial Visconti di Massino to the current Visconti di San Vito.

The vast view that can be seen from the site of the castle, covering the Lake Maggiore and the territory beyond it, is supposed to be the motivation of the initial interest of the Visconti of Milan, leading them to the acquisition of the Massino court from the Abbey of Saint Gall in 1134.

Abbey of Saint Gall
The Abbey of Saint Gall (German: Abtei St. Gallen) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The Carolingian-era monastery existed from 719, founded by Saint Othmar on the spot where Saint Gall had erected his hermitage. It became an independent principality between 9th and 13th centuries, and was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe. The library of the Abbey is one of the oldest monastic libraries in the world.

The city of St. Gallen originated as an adjoining settlement of the abbey. The abbey was secularized around 1800, and in 1848 its former church became St. Gallen Cathedral, the seat of the Diocese of Saint Gallen. Since 1983 the abbey precinct has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Assebbab
Assebbab is a commune in Guercif Province of the Oriental administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 6721 people living in 948 households. The 2014 census recorded a population of 7069 living in 1083 households.

Oriental (Morocco)
Oriental region or Oujda region (Arabic: الشرق, romanized: aš-šarq) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco, located in the north-eastern part of the country. With an area of 90,127 km2 and a population of 2,269,378 (2024 census), it is the easternmost region of Morocco.

The capital and the largest city is Oujda, and the second largest city is Nador. The region includes 7 provinces and one prefecture.

The majority of the population of the Oriental Region speaks Moroccan Arabic (86.2%) as a first or second language. According to the 2024 census, 31.1% of the inhabitants of the Oriental Region speak Tarifit. Small numbers speak Eastern Middle Atlas Tamazight and Figuig Tamazight, principally in the south of Oriental.
Sedan Beehive stone huts
The  Sedan Beehive stone huts are a provincial heritage site in Lindley in the Free State province of South Africa.

In 1950 it was described in the Government Gazette as

A group of pre-historic stone huts; the terrain contains remainings of a settlement from the early Sotho culture.

Government Gazette of South Africa
The Government Gazette (Afrikaans: Staatskoerant) is the gazette of record of South Africa. It is the "official organ of Government". The Government Gazette is used by the government as an official way of communicating to the general public.
Vauxhall bus station
Vauxhall bus station is a bus station in Vauxhall, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is operated by London Buses and owned and maintained by Transport for London, and is the second busiest bus station in the city.

The station, which is adjacent to the Vauxhall railway and tube stations, is situated on Bondway between Wandsworth Road, Kennington Road and Parry Street.

London Buses
London Buses is the subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL) that manages most bus services in London, England. It was formed following the Greater London Authority Act 1999 that transferred control of London Regional Transport (LRT) bus services to TfL, controlled by the Mayor of London.
Adam & Eve (company)
Adam & Eve is an American  independent company that sells adult products through e-commerce. In 2004, it was the largest mail order distributor of sex toys, condoms, and erotica in the United States. Its parent company, PHE Inc., is the largest private employer in Hillsborough, North Carolina, where its headquarters are located. The company funds non-profit social marketing organizations that address issues such as population growth, disease control, and sex education in developing countries.

Hillsborough, North Carolina
The town of Hillsborough is the county seat of Orange County, North Carolina, United States, and is located along the Eno River. The population was 9,660 as of the 2020 census.

Its name was unofficially shortened to "Hillsboro" during the 19th century. In the late 1960s, residents voted to change the name back to its original, historic spelling.
Steve Tanner (politician)
Steve C. Tanner is an American politician and former programmer who is currently serving as a Republican member of the Idaho House of Representatives from District 13B. He was first elected in 2024 unopposed.

Idaho's 13th legislative district
Idaho's 13th legislative district is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It is currently represented by Senator Brian Lenney, Republican of Nampa, Rep. Brent Crane, Republican of Nampa, and Rep. Steve Tanner, Republican of Nampa.
Consag Basin
The Consag Basin is a submarine depression in the far northern part of the Gulf of California associated with the East Pacific Rise. It lies south of the Wagner Basin with which it is closely linked.  The depression is a result of subsidence caused by the extensional forces probably imparted by the same spreading center which has produced the Wagner Basin. Both basins are bounded on their eastern side by the Wagner Fault, a primarily normal (vertical motion) fault which dips approximately 60 degrees to the northwest. The western side of the basin is bounded by another normal fault, the Consag Fault which dips in a direction opposite the Wagner Fault. The seabed between these faults is sinking.

The Consag Basin is linked to the Delfin Basin located to its south by a poorly understood deformation zone which further research may eventually define as a transform fault.

The basin is named for a rocky outcrop in its vicinity, the Roca Consag.

East Pacific Rise
The East Pacific Rise (EPR) is a mid-ocean rise (usually termed an oceanic rise and not a mid-ocean ridge due to its higher rate of spreading that results in less elevation increase and more regular terrain), at a divergent tectonic plate boundary, located along the floor of the Pacific Ocean. It separates the Pacific plate to the west from (north to south) the North American plate, the Rivera plate, the Cocos plate, the Nazca plate, and the Antarctic plate. It runs south from the Gulf of California in the Salton Sea basin in Southern California to a point near 55°S 130°W﻿ / ﻿55°S 130°W﻿ / -55; -130, where it joins the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PAR) trending west-south-west towards Antarctica, near New Zealand (though in some uses the PAR is regarded as the southern section of the EPR). Much of the rise lies about 3,200 km (2,000 mi) off the South American coast and reaches a height about 1,800–2,700 m (5,900–8,900 ft) above the surrounding seafloor.
Jim Korwan
James Korwan (March 4, 1874 – July 24, 1899) was a 19th-century American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played in one game for the Brooklyn Grooms during the 1894 season and in five games for the Chicago Colts during the 1897 season.

History of the Chicago Cubs
The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball, a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association of Base Ball Players in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings, before joining the National Association in 1871. The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876. They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America, predating the team now known as the Atlanta Braves by one year. In their early history, they were called the White Stockings, Orphans, Infants, Remnants and Colts by the press before officially becoming the "Cubs" in 1903.
Yalgar River
The Yalgar River is a 185-kilometre-long tributary of the Murchison River, located in the Shire of Meekatharra in central Western Australia. It rises in the Glengarry Range 25 km southeast of Mooloogool Station homestead, about 80 kilometres northeast of Meekatharra, flowing 145 kilometres westward (crossing the Great Northern Highway at Karralundi) to a junction with the Hope River. From there it flows north-northwesterly for about 40 kilometres, emptying into the upper reaches of the Murchison River, near Moorarie Station homestead on the Carnarvon-Meekatharra Road.

Originally called Ord Creek, the river was named after Yalgar Pool on the Hope River, a watering point on the Cue-Ashburton Stock Route.

Stock route
A stock route, also known as travelling stock route (TSR), is an authorised thoroughfare for the walking of domestic livestock such as sheep or cattle from one location to another in Australia. The stock routes across the country are colloquially known as The Long Paddock or Long Paddock.

A travelling stock route may often be distinguished from an ordinary country road by the fact that the grassy verges on either side of the road are very much wider, and the property fences being set back much further from the roadside than is usual, or open stretches of unfenced land. The reason for this is so that the livestock may feed on the vegetation that grows on the verges as they travel, especially in times of drought.

The rugged remote stock route that follows the Guy Fawkes River through Guy Fawkes River National Park is part of the Bicentennial National Trail.
Zubair Dahlan
Kyai Hajji Zubair Dahlan (born Anwar, Jawi: ‎‎‎‎زبير دحلان‎‎‎‎‎‎‎; 1905 – November 25, 1969) was an Indonesian ulama of tafsir, fiqh, uṣūl al-fiqh, and tasawwuf from Rembang Regency, Central Java. Every year, in the month of Ramadan, Zubair always routinely teaches the Tafsir al-Jalalayn to his students. In addition, he also active in teaching branches of Arabic grammar and tawhid at the Pesantren Sarang. Zubair is the father of an influential cleric in Indonesia, Maimun Zubair, and a teacher of several Nahdlatul Ulama cleric such as Sahal Mahfudz, Bisri Syansuri, and others. Some of his students later became caregivers and leaders of famous pesantren in Indonesia, such as Pondok Pesantren Lirboyo, Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri, Pondok Pesantren Al-Falah Ploso, Pondok Pesantren Mranggen, and other pesantren.

Kyai
A kyai (/kjaɪ/ KYEYE) is used to greet respected people, or as a term for sacred objects or heirlooms. It is generally used to refer to an expert in Islam. This denomination is usually used among the ethnic Javanese people.
Bilbao Basket
Club Basket Bilbao Berri S.A.D., commonly known as Bilbao Basket (pronounced [bilˈβao βasˈket]), also known as Surne Bilbao Basket for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Bilbao, Spain. The team plays in the Liga ACB. Their home arena is the Bilbao Arena.

2010–11 ACB season
The 2010–11 ACB season is the 28th season of the Liga ACB. The regular season started on September 30, 2010, and ended on May 15, 2011. Playoffs started on May 19, 2011, and ended on June 14. Regal FC Barcelona won their 16th title.
Samuel Arnold (composer)
Samuel Arnold (10 August 1740 – 22 October 1802) was an English composer and organist.

Arnold was born in London (his mother is said to have been Princess Amelia; his father was Thomas Arnold). He began writing music for the theatre in about the year 1764. A few years later, he became the director of music at Marylebone Gardens, for which he wrote much of his popular music. In 1777, he worked for George Colman the Elder at the Little Theatre, Haymarket. In 1783, he became organist at the Chapel Royal and in 1793 he became the organist at Westminster Abbey, where he was eventually buried. He also wrote the earliest version of Humpty Dumpty. He was a close friend and associate of Haydn.

George Colman the Elder
George Colman (April 1732 – 14 August 1794) was an English dramatist and essayist, usually called "the Elder", and sometimes "George the First", to distinguish him from his son, George Colman the Younger. He also owned a theatre.
1818 Massachusetts's 20th congressional district special election
A special election was held in Massachusetts's 20th congressional district (in the District of Maine) on March 16, 1818, to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Albion K. Parris (DR) on February 3, 1818 after being named a judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maine.

Albion Parris
Albion Keith Parris (January 19, 1788 – February 11, 1857) was the fifth governor of Maine, a United States representative from the District of Maine, Massachusetts, a United States senator from Maine, a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maine, an associate justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court and the 2nd Comptroller of the Currency for the United States Department of the Treasury.
Benteng program
The Benteng program, also known as the Benteng policy, was an Indonesian economic policy which consisted of measures to provide pribumi entrepreneurs with import licenses in order to hasten the development of an indigenous business class. The program was initiated by Industry Minister Sumitro Djojohadikusumo in 1950 and lasted up until Prime Minister Djuanda Kartawidjaja abolished it in 1957.

Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

Most factors of economic policy can be divided into either fiscal policy, which deals with government actions regarding taxation and spending, or monetary policy, which deals with central banking actions regarding the money supply and interest rates.

Such policies are often influenced by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as political beliefs and the consequent policies of parties.
Rik Hafer
Rik W. Hafer is an American economist. From 2016 to 2022 he was a professor of economics in the Plaster School of Business and Entrepreneurship at Lindenwood University and the Director for the Center of Economics and the Environment in the Hammond Institute for Free Enterprise. Before joining the faculty of Lindenwood in 2016, he taught at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville (SIUE), where he was a professor of economics. While at SIUE he held multiple positions, including Chair of the Department of Economics and Finance, and Distinguished Research Professor of Economics and Finance.  Prior to joining the faculty at SIUE in 1989, he worked as a research economist from 1979 to 1989 at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. He has been a Research Fellow with the Show-Me Institute, a consultant to the Central Bank of the Philippines, and a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Banks of Atlanta and St. Louis.

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (lit. 'Central Bank of the Philippines'; commonly abbreviated as BSP in both Filipino and English) is the central bank of the Philippines. It was established on January 3, 1949, and then re-established on July 3, 1993, pursuant to the provision of Republic Act 7653 or the New Central Bank Act of 1993 as amended by Republic Act 11211 or the New Central Bank Act of 2019. The principal author was Senator Franklin Drilon. It was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte.
Puġat
Puġat or Pughat (Ugaritic: 𐎔𐎙𐎚, romanized: pġt, Virolleaud, e.g. 2:15: connection to the woman's personal name Puʿah) is a character in the Ugaritic poem of the Tale of Aqhat in Canaanite religion. Her name is the common noun for 'girl' and she and Aqhat are the children of Danel, a man of Rpʼu, which is either a deity or a clan that might be linked to Rephah, the Ephraimite clan. She is described as follows: "She who carries water / she who collects dew on her hair / she who knows the course of the stars."

Her main function is said to be "the cultivation of the wheat and vine." She avenges her brother Aqhat's death, following the Mesopotamian trope of Anat.

Shiphrah and Puah
Shiphrah (Hebrew: שִׁפְרָה Šip̄rā) and Puah (Hebrew: פּוּעָה Pūʿā) were two midwives who briefly prevented a genocide of children by the Egyptians, according to Exodus 1:15–21.  According to the Exodus narrative, they were commanded by the King of Egypt, or Pharaoh, to kill all male Hebrew babies, but they refused to do so. When challenged by the Pharaoh, they told him Hebrew women's labour was short-lived because they were 'lively' or 'vigorous', and the babies had been born (and protected) before the midwives arrived. God "dealt well with the midwives" and "made them houses".