hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bluffton Today
Bluffton Today is a daily newspaper in Bluffton, South Carolina that integrates many elements of citizen journalism into its tight local focus. Some industry analysts regard the newspaper as a possible future model for small newspapers across the country. The paper prints in a tabloid format, which is unusual for a paper of its circulation size.

Morris Communications started the newspaper in 2005 after the company folded the Carolina Morning News, a wraparound of the Savannah Morning News.

Bluffton Today originally was a free daily newspaper, but on Dec. 1, 2008, it began charging 25 cents per copy (75 cents on Sundays). The publisher said the newspaper had to start charging because of rising newsprint costs and declining advertising revenue.

In 2017, Morris sold its newspapers to GateHouse Media

Free newspaper
Free newspapers are distributed free of charge, often in central places in cities and towns, on public transport, with other newspapers, or separately door-to-door. The revenues of such newspapers are based on advertising. They are published at different levels of frequencies, such as daily, weekly or monthly.
Gissurarson
Gissurarson [ˈcɪsːˌʏːrarˌsɔːn] is a surname of Icelandic origin, meaning son of Gissur. In Icelandic names, the last name is not a family name but a patronymic. The name refers to:

Hannes Hólmsteinn Gissurarson (b. 1953), Icelandic professor of political scientist and commentator

Ísleifur Gissurarson (1006–1080), Icelandic clergyman; first bishop of Iceland following the Christianization of Iceland

Magnús Gissurarson (1175–1236), Icelandic Roman Catholic clergyman; bishop of Iceland 1216–37

Ísleifur Gissurarson
Ísleifur Gissurarson (c. 1006 – 5 July 1080), an Icelandic clergyman, became the first bishop of Iceland, following the adoption of Christianity in 1000 AD.

His parents were Gissur Teitsson and Þórdís Þóroddsdóttir.   After studying in Herford in Germany, he was made bishop of Iceland in 1056 by Athelbjart, archbishop of Bremen. 
He built up a see in his family homestead in Skálholt and founded a school. One of his students was Jón Ögmundarson (1052-1121), who later became the first bishop in Hólar. Ísleifur served as bishop for 24 years, right until his death. 
His wife was Dalla Þorvaldsdóttir and they had three sons: Þorvaldur, Teitur and Gissur, the latter taking over as bishop after his father's death in 1080.
Montagnula
Montagnula is a genus of fungi in the family Didymosphaeriaceae. The genus, circumscribed by mycologist Augusto Napoleone Berlese in 1896, contains an estimated 24 species in 2008, but is probably polyphyletic as currently circumscribed. It was originally placed in family Montagnulaceae, before that family was dissolved and it was later placed in family Didymosphaeriaceae, with 34 species (in 2023).

The genus name of Montagnula is in honour of Jean Pierre François Camille Montagne (1784–1866), who was a French military physician and botanist who specialized in the fields of bryology and mycology.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Una viuda difícil
Una viuda difícil (English: A Difficult Widow) is a 1957 Argentine comedy film directed by Fernando Ayala and written by Conrado Nalé Roxlo, based on his homonymous theatre play. It stars Alba Arnova, Alfredo Alcón and Ricardo Castro Ríos. Music was composed by Ástor Piazzolla and Vassili Lambrinos created the choreography for the black and white film.

Cinema of Argentina
Cinema of Argentina refers to the film industry based in Argentina. The Argentine cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of Argentina or by Argentine filmmakers abroad.

The Argentine film industry has historically been one of the three most developed in Latin American cinema, along with those produced in Mexico and Brazil. Throughout the 20th century, film production in Argentina, supported by the State and by the work of a long list of directors and actors, became one of the major film industries in the Spanish-speaking world. The Golden Age of Argentine cinema took place between the 1930s and 1950s.

Argentina has won eighteen Goya Awards for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film, which makes it the most awarded country. It is also the first Latin American country that has won Academy Awards, in recognition of the films The Official Story (1985) and The Secret in Their Eyes (2009).
Er:YAG laser
An Er:YAG laser (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser, erbium YAG laser) is a solid-state laser whose active laser medium is erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:Y3Al5O12). Er:YAG lasers typically emit light with a wavelength of 2940 nm, which is infrared light.

Nanometre
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) or one thousand millionth (long scale) of a metre (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as 1 × 10−9 m and as ⁠1/1000000000⁠ m.
Allium koreanum
Allium koreanum, the Korean rocky chive, is a species of Allium endemic to the Korean Peninsula.

It has three to six leaves that are 20–54 cm (7.9–21.3 in) long and 2–7.4 cm (0.79–2.91 in) wide, and a sheath that is 7.6–22.4 cm (3.0–8.8 in) long. The pyxidium is obtuse, triangular and solid. Purple-red flowers bloom in August to November; 74 to 197 flowers form an umbel at the end of a 10–22.2 mm (0.39–0.87 in) long flower stalk. The bract is broadovate, with a caudate end. Perianth lobes are broadoval and 3.8–7.2 cm (1.5–2.8 in) long with a round end and green midrib on the underside.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Jagga Reddy
T Jayaprakash Reddy, popularly known as Jagga Reddy, is an Indian politician who is the Working President of Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee since 28 June 2021. He was a member of the Telangana Legislative Assembly for Sangareddy constituency from 2018 to 2023.

Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee
{Distinguish|Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee}}

The Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee (Telangana PCC) is the state unit of the Indian National Congress (INC) in the state of Telangana, India.  It is responsible for organizing and coordinating the party's activities and campaigns within the state, as well as selecting candidates for local, state, and national elections. The current president of the Telangana PCC is Bomma Mahesh Kumar Goud. The committee has a long history of political influence in the united Andhra Pradesh state, however, it has however, it has historically faced challenges, including fluctuations in electoral support. However, following significant efforts in 2023, the TPCC regained political power in Telangana. With the INC in government in Telangana since December 2023 after the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election, the committee is actively involved in governance and party affairs.
Grid cell topology
The grid cell topology is studied in digital topology as part of the theoretical basis for (low-level) algorithms in computer image analysis or computer graphics.

The elements of the n-dimensional grid cell topology (n ≥ 1) are all n-dimensional grid cubes and their k-dimensional faces ( for 0 ≤ k ≤ n−1); between these a partial order A ≤ B is defined if A is a subset of B (and thus also dim(A) ≤ dim(B)). The grid cell topology is the Alexandrov topology (open sets are up-sets) with respect to this partial order. (See also poset topology.)

Alexandrov and Hopf first introduced the grid cell topology, for the two-dimensional case, within an exercise in their text Topologie I (1935).

A recursive method to obtain  n-dimensional grid cells and an intuitive definition for   
grid cell manifolds can be found in Chen, 2004. It is related to digital manifolds.

Poset topology
In mathematics, the poset topology associated to a poset (S, ≤)  is the Alexandrov topology (open sets are upper sets) on the poset of finite chains of (S, ≤), ordered by inclusion.

Let V be a set of vertices. An abstract simplicial complex Δ is a set of finite sets of vertices, known as faces , such that

Given a simplicial complex Δ as above, we define a (point set) topology on Δ by declaring a subset  be closed if and only if Γ is a simplicial complex, i.e.

This is the Alexandrov topology on the poset of faces of Δ.

The order complex associated to a poset (S, ≤) has the set S as vertices, and the finite chains of (S, ≤) as faces. The poset topology associated to a poset (S, ≤) is then the Alexandrov topology on the order complex associated to (S, ≤).
Edificio del Valle
Edificio del Valle is a historic mixed-use building located at 1118 Ponce de León Avenue of Santurce in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was built in 1941 by the Santurce Development Company and designed by famed Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega, who also designed famous buildings such as the Capitol of Puerto Rico and the University of Puerto Rico clock tower among others. It is a five-story reinforced concrete structure with commercial and retail spaces on its ground level and 16 apartments in the rest. Edificio del Valle has a distinctive Spanish/Mission Revival-style, evident in many of Carmoega's works, with eclectic elements that reference both the local vernacular, Neoclassical and the Modernist styles of the period.

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
Bomoseen, Vermont
Bomoseen is an unincorporated village in the town of Castleton, Rutland County, Vermont, United States. The community is located along Vermont Route 30 on the eastern shore of Lake Bomoseen, 11.5 miles (18.5 km) west of Rutland. Bomoseen has a post office with ZIP code 05732. The town of Castleton incorporates the nearby Bomoseen Lake and also the Bomoseen State Park.

Rutland County, Vermont
Rutland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,572, making it the second-most populous county in Vermont. Its county seat and most populous municipality is the city of Rutland.
Braulio Medel Cámara
Braulio Medel Cámara (born 1947 in Seville, Spain). Chairman of Unicaja, a financial institution that holds 1.5% of the equity capital of Iberdrola. He has a Doctorate in Economic Sciences and Business Studies from Universidad Complutense de Madrid and is Professor of Public Finance at the University of Malaga.

Iberdrola
Iberdrola, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [iβeɾˈðɾola]) is a Spanish multinational electric utility company based in Bilbao, Spain. It has  around 40,000 employees and serves around 30 million customers.

Subsidiaries include ScottishPower (United Kingdom), Avangrid (United States) and Neoenergia (Brazil), amongst others. As of 2023, the largest shareholder of the company is the Qatar Investment Authority, with BlackRock and Norges Bank (managers of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global) also holding significant interests.

Iberdrola is the largest producer of wind power, and the world's second largest electricity utility by market capitalisation. As of 2023, the company operates a capacity of 62,045 MW, of which 41,246 MW are from renewable sources worldwide.
Operation Termite
Operation Termite was a British-led joint military operation conducted from July to August 1954 during the Malayan Emergency. It took place simultaneously in the Kinta Valley and the Raia Valley, both located in Perak, roughly 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Ipoh city. The operation aimed to eliminate communist strongholds established by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) in these areas.

As the largest military operation of the Emergency, it involved extensive coordination between air and ground forces. Around 50 aircraft and five battalions of troops were mobilised to launch simultaneous attacks on communist camps in both valleys. While the number of enemy casualties was relatively low, the operation successfully destroyed many camps and logistical facilities, significantly disrupting the communist presence in the region.

Westland Whirlwind (helicopter)
The Westland Whirlwind helicopter is a British licence-built version of the U.S. Sikorsky S-55/H-19 Chickasaw. It primarily served with the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm in anti-submarine and search and rescue roles. It was also exported to other countries, and the Whirlwind was succeeded by the turbine powered Westland Wessex (based on the Sikorsky H-34) which was developed from the H-19/Whirlwind. The helicopter was made in many variants using a variety of radial (piston) and turbine engines.

Whirlwind helicopters fitted with turbine power served right up until the early 1980s, and a converted Whirlwind was in the Queen's Flight.
Sarah Kanyike
Sarah Kanyike is a Ugandan politician, wo was appointed State Minister for the Elderly and the Disabled on 24 July 2020. Before that, she was the  Deputy Lord Mayor of the city of Kampala, Uganda, the capital and largest metropolitan area in the country. She was appointed to that position on 16 June 2016. While serving as Deputy Lord Mayor, she concurrently represented Makindye East in the Kampala Capital City Authority Council.

Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (Uganda)
The Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MGLSD) is a Cabinet-level government ministry of Uganda. The mandate of the ministry is to empower citizens to maximize their individual and collective potential by developing skills, increasing labour productivity, and cultural enrichment to achieve sustainable and gender-sensitive development. The ministry is headed by a Cabinet minister, Betty Amongi Akena.
It Prevails
It Prevails is an American metalcore/melodic hardcore band from Portland, Oregon, formed in 2004. They are influenced by bands such as Shai Hulud, Twelve Tribes, Strongarm, Lifetime and Hot Water Music.

Their sound has been compared to Shai Hulud and Killswitch Engage. Their lyrics have been described as "covering typical post-emo terrain."

Chris Fronzak
Christopher Joseph Fronzak (born November 20, 1989), also known as Fronz or Fronzilla, is an American musician who is best known as the lead vocalist and founding member of the metalcore/rap metal band Attila. Aside from his work in Attila, he is also the manager of record label Stay Sick Recordings and clothing line Stay Sick Threads.
Ksenija Knežević
Ksenija Knežević (Serbian Cyrillic: Ксенија Кнежевић, pronounced [ksêːnija kněːʒeʋitɕ]; born 24 January 1996), also known mononym as Ksenia (stylised in all caps) is a Serbian singer. She rose to prominence after her collaborations with Serbian DJ and singer SevdahBaby. Knežević provided the backing vocals for her father's Nenad Knezević song "Adio",  which was selected to represent Montenegro at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015. From 2017 to 2022 she was a member of Serbian pop folk girl group Hurricane, during which time they represented Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 and 2021 with the songs "Hasta la vista" and "Loco loco".

Folk-pop
Folk-pop is a broad musical fusion genre that includes contemporary folk songs with pop arrangements, and pop songs with intimate, acoustic-based folk arrangements. Folk-pop has been popularized by mainstream media in recent years.
Heather Knight
Heather Clare Knight OBE (born 26 December 1990) is an English international cricketer and former captain of the England women's cricket team. She is a right-handed batter and right arm off spin bowler. Knight played in her 100th Women's One Day International match for England in December 2019.

The Women's Ashes
The Women's Ashes is the perpetual trophy in women's international cricket series between England and Australia. The name derives from the historic precedent of the Ashes in cricket and, until 2013, was similarly decided exclusively on the outcomes of Test matches.

Since the Australian tour of England in 2013, the competition is decided on a points system, taking account of One-Day Internationals and Twenty20 International matches as well as Tests. Four (previously six) points are awarded for a Test victory (two points to each side in the event of a draw), and two points for a victory in a limited-overs game.
1976–77 Divizia C
The 1976–77 Divizia C was the 21st season of Liga III, the third tier of the Romanian football league system.

The format was maintained with twelve series, each consisting of 16 teams. At the end of the season, the winner of each series was promoted to Divizia B, while the bottom two teams from each series were relegated to the County Championships.

1977–78 Divizia B
The 1977–78 Divizia B was the 38th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.

The format has been maintained to three series, each of them having 18 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last four places from each series relegated to Divizia C.
2012 Franken Challenge – Doubles
Rameez Junaid and Frank Moser were the defending champions but Moser decided not to participate.
Junaid played alongside Purav Raja and reached the final but lost to Arnau Brugués-Davi and João Sousa 7–5, 6–7(4–7), [11–9].

Purav Raja
Purav Raja (/ˈpʊəræv ˈrɑːdʒə/ POOR-av RAH-jə; born 7 December 1985) is an former Indian professional tennis player. He specializes in doubles and competes on the ATP World Tour. He has won two ATP doubles titles and represents India in the Davis Cup.
Drill line
In a drilling rig, the drill line is a multi-thread, twisted wire rope that is threaded or reeved through in typically 6 to 12 parts between the traveling block and crown block to facilitate the lowering and lifting of the drill string into and out of the wellbore.

On larger diameter lines, traveling block loads of over a million pounds are possible.

To make a connection is to add another segment of drill pipe onto the top the drill string. A segment is added by pulling the kelly above the rotary table, stopping the mud pump, hanging off the drill string in the rotary table, unscrewing the kelly from the drill pipe below, swinging the kelly over to permit connecting it to the top of the new segment (which had been placed in the mousehole), and then screwing this assembly into the top of the existing drill string. Mud circulation is resumed, and the drill string is lowered into the hole until the bit takes weight at the bottom of the hole.  Drilling then resumes.

Drill pipe
Drill pipe, is hollow, thin-walled, steel or aluminium alloy piping that is used on drilling rigs.  It is hollow to allow drilling fluid to be pumped down the hole through the bit and back up the annulus. It comes in a variety of sizes, strengths, and wall thicknesses, but is typically 27 to 32 feet in length (Range 2). Longer lengths, up to 45 feet, exist (Range 3).
Balasagan
Balāsagān (an Iranian toponym meaning "country of Balas"; Armenian: Bałasakan, the inhabitants known as Bałasičkʻ, Arabic: Balāsajān/Balāšajān), also known as Bazgan, was a region located in the area of the Kura and Aras rivers, adjacent to the Caspian Sea. To the south, it bordered Atropatene/Adurbadagan and Gilan. It roughly corresponded to the Armenian province of Paytakaran, albeit extending farther into the north. It has been suggested that under the Sasanians the region extended as far as the stronghold of Derbent, albeit this remains disputed. The heartland of Balasagan was the Dasht i-Bałasakan ("Balasagan plain") which corresponds to the Mughan plain. During the late Sasanian era, Balasagan was included in the northern quadrant (kust) of Adurbadagan.

Mughan plain
Mughan plain (Azerbaijani: Muğan düzü, مغان دوزو; Persian: دشت مغان, romanized: Dasht-i Mughān) is a plain stretching from northwestern Iran to the southern part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. It is located on the bank of the Aras river extending to Iran.

The section of the Mughan plain which lies in the Republic of Azerbaijan has the higher density of irrigation canals.
Parsabad, Jafarabad, Germi and Aslan Duz cities lie in the Iranian part, while Cəlilabad, Bilasuvar, Saatli, and Sabirabad cities lie in Azerbaijani side.

By the Chalcolithic period (c. 4500–3500 BCE), the Mughan Plain was integrated into the sphere of the Kura–Araxes culture, a major cultural phenomenon in the South Caucasus known for its red-black pottery and early metallurgical development. These communities built fortified settlements, cultivated crops, and developed trans-regional trade networks.
Superachromat
The superachromat, or superachromatic lens, was first conceived and developed by Maximilian Herzberger as the ultimate well-corrected lens. The color shift curve of a superachromat is quartic, meaning that, in theory, four separate colors can be brought to focus in the same plane, while simultaneously correcting spherical aberration and field aberrations. This near-perfect correction of chromatic aberration is highly beneficial in both film and digital multi-spectral photography, as a superachromat can focus near-infrared energy in the 0.7 to 1.0 micrometer wavelength band in the same focal plane as visible light, eliminating the need for refocusing. Due to the limited selection of optical glasses and partial dispersion properties, superachromats must be manufactured with costly fluorite glass and to very tight tolerances.

Spherical aberration
In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly affects lenses and curved mirrors, as these components are often shaped in a spherical manner for ease of manufacturing. Light rays that strike a spherical surface off-centre are refracted or reflected more or less than those that strike close to the centre. This deviation reduces the quality of images produced by optical systems. The effect of spherical aberration was first identified in the 11th century by Ibn al-Haytham who discussed it in his work Kitāb al-Manāẓir.