hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Essays in Positive Economics
Milton Friedman's book Essays in Positive Economics (1953) is a collection of earlier articles by the author with as its lead an original essay "The Methodology of Positive Economics." This essay posits Friedman's famous, but controversial, principle (called the F-Twist by Samuelson) that assumptions need not be "realistic" to serve as scientific hypotheses; they merely need to make significant predictions.

Daniel M. Hausman
Daniel M. Hausman (born March 27, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American philosopher. His research has focused primarily on methodological, metaphysical, and ethical issues at the boundaries between economics and philosophy. He is currently Herbert A. Simon Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Partially Buried Woodshed
Partially Buried Woodshed is a work of land art created by American artist Robert Smithson in January 1970 at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. The work consisted of an existing woodshed and earth added by the artist in order to illustrate the concept of entropy. By 2018, only a large mound of dirt and the structure's concrete foundation remain. The remaining elements, along with an informational plaque, are located in a small wooded area immediately behind the Liquid Crystal Institute building on the Kent State University main campus, in the southeastern area of Kent.

Liquid Crystal Institute
The former Glenn H. Brown Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) at Kent State University is now renamed the Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute. The AMLCI is a center of study for liquid crystal technology and education, blending basic and applied research on liquid crystals. This approach has resulted in technological advances and new applications such as display tablets, optical shutters, variable transmission windows, projection display devices, and flexible displays. Established in 1965, the institute is now directed by Torsten Hegmann and is housed at KSU's Liquid Crystal and Materials Sciences building, completed in 1996.

The LCI is home to the Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, which offers masters and Ph.D. studies in the physics and chemistry of liquid crystals and their applications. The program is open to incoming students with degrees in physics, chemistry, engineering, and materials science.
Brenton Loch
51°46′16″S 59°01′12″W﻿ / ﻿51.771°S 59.020°W﻿ / -51.771; -59.020

Brenton Loch (Spanish, Bahia de Ruiz Puente) is an inlet-cum-small fjord in the Falkland Islands. It is one of a handful of sea lochs outside Scotland. It is sometimes known as "Brenton Sound". "Loch" is normally pronounced as "lock" in the English rather than Scottish manner, i.e. without a fricative "ch". The far south of the loch is known as "La Boca" or "The Boca".

The loch cuts into East Falkland and, together with Choiseul Sound to the east, divides Lafonia from the northern half of the island. It lies to the west of the isthmus on which Darwin and Goose Green are located. At its seaward end, it becomes Grantham Sound. Its name may originate from the fact that many of the inhabitants of Goose Green in the 19th century were Scots.

Choiseul Sound
Choiseul Sound (/ˈtʃɪzəl/ CHIZZ-əl) is a stretch of sea in the Falkland Islands. It runs parallel to Eagle Passage and is between Lafonia and the north of East Falkland. Lively Island is in its mouth.  At its entrance, on the northern shore, is the Bertha's Beach Important Bird Area which is also a Ramsar site, recognising it as a wetland of international importance.

It was named by Louis de Bougainville after the French Foreign Secretary, Étienne François, duc de Choiseul.

The name is pronounced "Chisel" in Falkland Islands dialect.
Akwa Ibom North-East senatorial district
Akwa Ibom North-East senatorial district in Akwa Ibom State covers nine local government areas, which are Ibiono Ibom, Itu, Uyo, Uruan, Ibesikpo Asutan, Nsit Ibom, Nsit Atai, Etinan, and Nsit Ubium. Akwa Ibom North-East is also known as Uyo, which is its headquarters. As of 2019, this district has 94 Registration Areas (RAs) and 987 polling units (PUs) and its collation centre is located at the Uyo LGA INEC office. As of 29 May 2023, Aniekan Bassey of the Peoples Democratic Party is the representative of Akwa Ibom North-East.

Uruan
Uruan is a Local Government Area (LGA) in Akwa Ibom State, located in southern Nigeria. It was created in 1988 from Uyo Local Government Area and covers an approximate land mass of 449 km2. According to the 2016 census, the population of Uruan is estimated at 164,000. The administrative headquarters is located in Idu.

Situated within the rainforest belt, Uruan has extensive arable land, abundant wildlife, raffia palms, and timber resources. The fertile coastal plains of the area support the cultivation of various crops, including cassava and maize.

The people of Uruan speak the Uruan language.
Okeford Fitzpaine
Okeford Fitzpaine /ˈoʊkfərd fɪtsˈpeɪn/ is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset, situated in the Blackmore Vale three miles (five kilometres) south of the town of Sturminster Newton. It is sited on a thin strip of greensand under the scarp face of the Dorset Downs. The parish includes the village of Belchalwell to the west and most of the hamlet of Fiddleford to the north, and at the 2021 census had a population of 1,000 people in 447 households.

Dorset Downs
50°51′36″N 2°22′40″W﻿ / ﻿50.8600°N 2.3777°W﻿ / 50.8600; -2.3777

The Dorset Downs are an area of chalk downland in the centre of the county Dorset in south west England. The downs are the most western part of a larger chalk formation which also includes (from west to east) Cranborne Chase, Salisbury Plain, Hampshire Downs, Chiltern Hills, North Downs and South Downs.
Skill University (India)
Skill University is a type of Higher-Education degree-awarding Institute in India which offer courses that are skill-based, job-oriented and of applied nature. Such universities offers courses that have higher job potential and employability in the market. The Skills Universities award degrees that will conform to the National Skills Qualification Framework.

Seacom Skills University (SSU) is India's first skill university established in the state of West Bengal in 2014.

The idea of Skills Universities in India was first proposed in the National Skills Universities Bill, 2015 by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India. The proposal stated that skills universities will offer courses like B.Voc (Bachelor of Vocation), B.Skills (Bachelor of Skills), M.Voc (Master of Vocation), M.Skills (Masters of Skills) among others.

Bachelor of Vocational Education
Bachelor of Vocation (B. Voc, BVE or BVEd) is a specialized undergraduate bachelor's degree which qualifies the graduate as a vocational teacher in public schools or trainer for private companies. Some universities, like some vocational universities (universities of applied science), offer a Bachelor of Vocational Education and Training, or a Bachelor of Career and Technical Education degree, which are basically equivalent to a B. Voc or BVE. Further, Many universities have specific vocational education bachelor's degrees to prepare agricultural, business, computer and IT, health occupations, marketing, and industrial arts teachers as well as degrees for Adult and Continuing Education.
Cubana de Aviación Flight 9046
Cubana de Aviación Flight 9046 was a chartered Ilyushin Il-62M airliner (registered CU-T1281) operated by Cubana, which crashed on 3 September 1989, shortly after takeoff from José Martí International Airport.

Flight 9046 was due to operate a non-scheduled international Havana-Cologne-Milan passenger service. The crash resulted in the deaths of all 126 occupants of the aircraft plus 24 people on the ground. It is the worst aviation disaster to have ever occurred in Cuba.

Cubana de Aviación
Cubana de Aviación S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [kuˈβana ðe‿ˌaβjaˈsjon]; lit. 'Cuban Airlines'), or simply Cubana, is the flag carrier and largest airline of Cuba. It was founded in October 1929, becoming one of the earliest airlines to emerge in Latin America.: 887  It has its corporate headquarters in Havana, and its home base is located at José Martí International Airport. Originally a subsidiary of Pan American World Airways and later a private company owned by Cuban investors, Cubana has been wholly owned by the Cuban government since May 1959.

Cubana was a founder and is a current member of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the International Association of Aeronautical Telecommunications (SITA) and the International Association of Latin American Air Transportation (AITAL).
1 Canadian Forces Flying Training School
While the lineage of 1 Canadian Forces Flying Training School (1 CFFTS; French: 1re École de pilotage des Forces canadiennes) can be traced back through previous similarly named Canadian military pilot flying schools, such as No. 1 Service Flying Training School and 1 Flying Training School, the unit located at CFB Winnipeg and currently bearing the name does not participate in pilot training.

CFB Winnipeg
Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg (CFB Winnipeg; IATA: YWG, ICAO: CYWG) is a Royal Canadian Air Force base located within the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba. Co-located at Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport, CFB Winnipeg is home to many flight operations support divisions, as well as several training schools. Its primary RCAF lodger unit is 17 Wing, commonly referred to as 17 Wing Winnipeg.

One of the facilities at CFB Winnipeg is the Billy Bishop Building which houses the headquarters of 1 Canadian Air Division (1 CAD) as well as the headquarters of Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) Region.
Centro Nacional de Tenis
The Centro Nacional de Tenis (English: National Tennis Center) is a complex of tennis courts, including stadiums, located in Santo Domingo Este, Santo Domingo Province, Dominican Republic.

The complex contains thirteen courts, including the main stadium with seating for 3,700 people, a restaurant and cafeteria; two VIP lounges, and the National Federation offices. The whole complex was renovated in 2018 in time for the Special Olympics World Tennis Invitational.

Federación Dominicana de Tenis
The Dominican Republic Tennis Federation (FEDOTENIS) is the governing body for tennis in the Dominican Republic.

The National Federation is led by Mr. Persio Maldonado, reelected in 2025. The national coach is Sixto Camacho and the Daysi Espinal is the Billie Jean King Cup team captain.
Academic Who's Who
The Academic Who's Who is a book. It was a spin off from the main Who's Who by the same publisher. The first edition of The Academic Who's Who for 1973 to 1974 was published by Adam & Charles Black in London in 1973, and distributed in New York by R. R. Bowker. The second edition for 1975 to 1976 was published by Adam & Charles Black in London in 1975, and distributed in Detroit by Gale Research. The subtitle of the Academic Who's Who is University Teachers in the British Isles in the Arts, Education and Social Sciences. The second edition contained biographies of almost seven thousand academics. The Glasgow Herald said the first edition was "valuable".

Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, United States, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.

The company, formerly known as Gale Research and the Gale Group, is active in research and educational publishing for public, academic, and school libraries, and for businesses. The company is known for its full-text magazine and newspaper databases, Gale OneFile (formerly known as Infotrac), and other online databases subscribed by libraries, as well as multi-volume reference works, especially in the areas of religion, history, and social science.

Founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954 by Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr., the company was acquired by the International Thomson Organization (later the Thomson Corporation) in 1985 before its 2007 sale to Cengage.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland during 2021. There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.

Odyssey, Belfast
The Odyssey, consisting of the Odyssey Place, W5 and the SSE Arena, is a sports, entertainment and science learning complex located within the Titanic Quarter in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

The concept of the complex originated in 1992 and was finalised in June 1998. It opened in December 2000, with expansions in March and May 2001. The complex consists of a multipurpose indoor sports arena, a "hands-on" science learning centre, retail facilities and a large car park.

As of February 2026, the Odyssey Place area of the complex houses a 13-screen cinema operated by Cineworld, a 20-lane bowling alley operated by Hollywood Bowl, a crazy golf course with 36 holes, an arcade and a range of restaurants, shops and bars.
Mohammad Navazi
Mohamad Navazi (Persian: محمد نوازی, born September 5, 1974) is a retired Iranian football player who mostly played for Esteghlal Tehran, He usually played as a right midfielder.

In the Tehran derby played in 2000, he fought with Hamid Estili at the end of the match and was arrested by police. They were imprisoned in Qasr Prison for 3 days. He was suspended for the rest of season.
Navazi played for Saba Battery F.C. in the 2006 AFC Champions League group stage. He moved back to Esteghlal in 2006 and played there for two seasons.

In January 2013, he became head coach of Azadegan League side Shahrdari Arak.

Museum of the Qasr Prison
The Museum of the Qasr Prison (Persian: موزه‌ زندان قصر, romanized: Muze-ye Zendān-e Qasr), formerly referred to as the Qasr Prison, is a historical complex in Tehran, Iran.

The building was one of the oldest political prisons in Iran, which is now a museum complex surrounded by a public park.
Northern Chamber Orchestra
Northern Chamber Orchestra (NCO) is a British chamber orchestra based in Manchester, England. Established in 1967, the orchestra gives concerts at The Kings' School, Macclesfield and The Stoller Hall, Manchester as well as a Christmas concert at Tatton Park, Knutsford and one-off engagements around the country. They are also currently the resident orchestra for the Buxton Festival.

Knutsford
Knutsford (/ˈnʌtsfərd/) is a market town and civil parish in the Cheshire East district, in Cheshire, England; it is located 14 miles (23 km) south-west of Manchester, 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Macclesfield and 12+1⁄2 miles (20 km) south-east of Warrington. The population of the parish at the 2021 census was 13,259.

Knutsford's main town centre streets, Princess Street (also known locally as Top Street) and King Street lower down (also known as Bottom Street), form the hub of the town. At one end of the narrow King Street is an entrance to Tatton Park. The Tatton estate was home to the Egerton family and has given its name to Tatton parliamentary constituency, which includes the neighbouring communities of Alderley Edge and Wilmslow.

Knutsford is near Cheshire's Golden Triangle and is on the Cheshire Plain, between the Peak District to the east and the Welsh mountains to the west.
Christian Brembeck
Christian Brembeck (born 1960 in Munich) is a German conductor, organist and harpsichordist.

He studied organ, piano and conducting at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München in Munich, and was awarded the Organ Prize of the City of Würzburg in 1981. After graduating in 1987, he joined the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. He has performed as a musician and conductor all over Europe, USA, Israel, the Far East and South America. He has also appeared with the Munich Radio Orchestra, the Bamberger Symphoniker and the Collegium Aureum. He has been an accompanist of the Tölzer Knabenchor. Since 1992 he has been the conductor of the chamber orchestra Capella Istropolitana in Bratislava.

University of Music and Theatre Munich
The University of Music and Theatre Munich (German: Hochschule für Musik und Theater München), also known as the Munich Conservatory, is a performing arts conservatory in Munich, Germany. The main building it currently occupies is the former Führerbau of the NSDAP, located at Arcisstraße 12, on the eastern side of the Königsplatz. Teaching and other events also take place at Luisenstraße 37a, Gasteig, the Prinzregententheater (theatre studies), and in Wilhelmstraße (ballet). Since 2008, the Richard Strauss Conservatory (de), until then independent, has formed part of the university.
Virtual Immortality – God, Evolution, and the Singularity in Post- and Transhumanism
Virtual Immortality – God, Evolution, and the Singularity in Post- and Transhumanism is a study by German religious scholar Oliver Krüger. Krüger traces the origins, context, and central themes of post- and transhumanist ideas. Published by transcript, and part of its Cultures of Society series, the book covers thinkers such as Ray Kurzweil, Nick Bostrom, and Frank Tipler, who envision humanity's replacement by artificial successors and a future marked by digital immortality. Krüger situates these visions in broader philosophical, religious, and cultural frameworks, with attention to historical arguments about evolution, cosmic expansion, and superintelligence.

Digital immortality
Digital immortality (or "virtual immortality") is the hypothetical concept of storing (or cloning) a person's mind, or at least their personality, in digital substrate, i.e., a computer, robot or cyberspace (mind uploading). The result might look like an avatar behaving, reacting, and thinking like a person on the basis of that person's digital archive. After the death of the individual, this avatar could remain static or continue to learn and self-improve autonomously (possibly becoming seed AI).

A considerable portion of transhumanists and singularitarians place great hope into the belief that they may eventually become immortal by creating one or many non-biological functional copies of their brains, thereby leaving their "biological shell". These copies may then "live eternally" in a version of digital "heaven" or paradise.
2021–22 West Virginia Mountaineers women's basketball team
The 2021–22 West Virginia Mountaineers women's basketball team represented West Virginia University during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Mountaineers were coached by twenty first-year head coach Mike Carey, played their home games at WVU Coliseum and were members of the Big 12 Conference.

They finished the season 15–15 overall and, 7–11 in Big 12 play to finish in seventh place.  As the seventh seed in the Big 12 Tournament, they defeated TCU in the First Round before losing to Iowa State in the Second Round.  They were not invited to the NCAA tournament or the WNIT.

2022 Big 12 Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2022 Phillips 66 Big 12 Conference women's basketball tournament is the postseason tournament for the Big 12 Conference that will be held from March 10 to 13, 2021, in Kansas City, Missouri, at the Municipal Auditorium.
Aeropilot Legend 540
The Aeropilot Legend 540 is a Czech ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by Aeropilot,  introduced at the Aero show held in Friedrichshafen in 2011. The aircraft is supplied complete and ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
Vučenović
Vučenović (Serbian Cyrillic: Вученовић) is a Serbian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandar Vucenovic (born 1997), Austrian footballer

Marija Vučenović (born 1993), Serbian javelin thrower

Mario Vucenovic (born 1999), Austrian footballer

Marija Vučenović
Marija Vučenović (Serbian Cyrillic:Марија Вученовић, born 3 April 1993) is a Serbian athlete specialising in the javelin throw. She won bronze medals at the 2012 World Under-20 Championships and 2013 European U23 Championships.
Utah Valley Wolverines baseball
The Utah Valley Wolverines baseball team represents Utah Valley University, which is located in Orem, Utah. The Wolverines are an NCAA Division I college baseball program that competes in the Western Athletic Conference. They joined NCAA Division I in 2009. They formerly played in the Great West Conference from 2008 to 2013.

Orem, Utah
Orem is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States, in the north central part of the state. It is adjacent to Provo, Lindon, and Vineyard and is approximately 45 miles (72 km) south of Salt Lake City.

Orem is one of the principal cities of the Provo-Orem, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Utah and Juab counties. The 2020 population was 98,129, while the 2010 population was 88,328 making it the 5th most populous city in Utah. Utah Valley University is located in Orem.
Albertus Geldermans
Albertus "Ab" Geldermans (17 March 1935 – 20 April 2025) was a Dutch professional road bicycle racer and directeur sportif. He was professional from 1959 to 1966 and rode seven editions of the Tour de France. In 1962 he finished fifth overall and wore the yellow jersey for two days. In 1960 Geldermans won Liège–Bastogne–Liège and won the Deutschland Tour. In 1962 he was Dutch road race champion. Afterwards he became directeur sportif of the Dutch national cycling team that competed in the 1967 Tour de France and directed Jan Janssen to victory in the 1968 Tour de France.

Geldermans died on 20 April 2025, at the age of 90. He had been the oldest living Tour de France' yellow-jersey holder up until his death.

Cycling team
A cycling team is a group of cyclists who join a team or are acquired and train together to compete in bicycle races whether amateur or professional – and the supporting personnel. Cycling teams are most important in road bicycle racing, which is a team sport, but collaboration between team members is also important in track cycling and cyclo-cross.
Slewing drive
The slewing drive is a gearbox that can safely hold radial and axial loads without brakes, as well as transmit a torque for rotating. The rotation can be in a single axis, or in multiple axes together. Slewing drives are made by manufacturing gearing, bearings, seals, housing, motor and other auxiliary components and assembling them into a finished gearbox.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.