hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malling Down
Malling Down is an  85-hectare (210-acre) nature reserve on the eastern outskirts of Lewes in East Sussex. It is managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust. It is part of Lewes Downs, which is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I. Special Area of Conservation and Site of Special Scientific Interest.

The South Downs site is chalk grassland, which is one of Britain's richest habitats for flowers. There are many orchids including the widespread common spotted and fragrant and rarer ones such as the musk and frog orchid.

Herminium monorchis
Herminium monorchis, the musk orchid, is a commonly occurring species of orchid. It is widespread across much of Europe and northern Asia from France to Japan, including China, Siberia, Mongolia, Ukraine, Germany, Italy, Scandinavia, etc.

It has a localised distribution in Britain; sites where it is found include Ham Hill in Wiltshire and Noar Hill in Hampshire.
Péter Szittya
Péter Szittya (born January 15, 1915, date of death unknown) was a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1930s. At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, he finished 12th in the K-1 10000 m event while being eliminated in the heats of the K-1 1000 m event.

Canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's K-1 1000 metres
These are the results of the men's K-1 1000 metres competition in canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics.  The K-1 event is raced by single-man canoe sprint kayaks. The heats and the final took place on Saturday, August 8.

Fifteen canoeists from 15 nations competed.
Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom C-1
These are the results of the men's C-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The C-1 (canoe single) event is raced by one-man canoes through a whitewater course. The venue for the 1992 Olympic competition was in La Seu d'Urgell.

Canoe
A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to distinguish them from kayaks. However, for official competition purposes, the American distinction between a kayak and a canoe is almost always adopted. At the Olympics, both conventions are used: under the umbrella terms Canoe Slalom and Canoe Sprint, there are separate events for canoes and kayaks.
Flesh and Blood (1951 film)
Flesh and Blood is a 1951 British drama film directed by Anthony Kimmins and starring with Richard Todd (in two roles), Glynis Johns and Joan Greenwood. It was written by Anatole de Grunwald based upon the 1933 play A Sleeping Clergyman by James Bridie.

Richard Todd said the film "received reasonable reviews and [did] moderate business".

James Bridie
James Bridie (3 January 1888 in Glasgow – 29 January 1951 in Edinburgh) was the pseudonym of a Scottish playwright, screenwriter and physician whose real name was Osborne Henry Mavor. He took his pen-name from his paternal grandfather's first name and his grandmother's maiden name.
William Sprigg Hall
William Sprigg Hall (July 9, 1832 – February 25, 1875) was an American lawyer and politician.

Hall was born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland and went to Saint John's College in Maryland. He moved to Saint Paul, Minnesota with his wife in 1854 and was admitted to the Minnesota bar. Hall served as the Minnesota Superintendent of Common Schools from 1856 to 1858. He then served in the Minnesota Senate representing Minnesota's 2nd Senate District from 1857 to 1860 and was a Democrat. Hall then served as the Minnesota Court of Common Pleas judge from 1866 until his death in 1875. He died while on a train returning to Minnesota from the eastern United States.

Minnesota's 2nd Senate District
The Minnesota Senate, District 2, encompasses the North-Central part of Minnesota. It stretches from Lake of the Woods County south to the White Earth Indian Reservation. It includes all or portions of Becker, Beltrami, Clearwater, Hubbard, Lake of the Woods, Mahnomen, Otter Tail and Wadena counties.  It is currently represented by Republican Steve Green.
Mary Laffoy
Mary Eleanor Laffoy, SC (born 17 June 1945) is a retired Irish judge who served as President of the Law Reform Commission from 2018 to 2022, a Judge of the Supreme Court from 2013 to 2017, and a Judge of the High Court from 1995 to 2013. She also chaired the Citizens' Assembly between 2016 and 2018.

Constitution of Ireland
The Constitution of Ireland (Irish: Bunreacht na hÉireann, pronounced [ˈbˠʊnˠɾˠəxt̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ]) is the fundamental law of Ireland. It asserts the national sovereignty of the Irish people. It guarantees certain fundamental rights, along with a popularly elected non-executive president, a bicameral parliament, a separation of powers and judicial review.

It is the second constitution of the Irish state since independence, replacing the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State. It came into force on 29 December 1937 following a statewide plebiscite held on 1 July 1937. The Constitution may be amended solely by a national referendum. It is the longest continually operating republican constitution within the European Union.
A. W. Files
Abner W. Files (November 26, 1829 – March 24, 1913), also known as A. W. Files, was a newspaper editor and state auditor in Arkansas. He edited the Ashley County Times. He also ran for governor as a Populist before returning to the Democratic Party. He served in the Confederate Army.

He was born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He served as State Auditor of Arkansas for four years from 1883 to 1887 as a Democrat. He was succeeded in office by former State Auditor and former Governor of Arkansas William Read Miller.

He lived in Little Rock. He was a private secretary for Governor James P. Eagle. He became a Populist, and served as its party chairman in Arkansas, and then joined the Bull Moose Party. He married and had four daughters and a son.

He died at home.

James Philip Eagle
James Philip Eagle (August 10, 1837 – December 20, 1904) was an American politician who served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives and as the 16th governor of Arkansas, a Baptist minister, and president of the Southern Baptist Convention. He was a Democrat.
Flags of regions of Italy
The twenty Italian regions (including five autonomous regions) each have their own arms, as well as their own gonfalone; more recently they have taken into use normal flags as well. Many regional flags were adopted on 4 November 1995 for National Unity and Armed Forces Day of Italy.

National Unity and Armed Forces Day
National Unity and Armed Forces Day (Italian: Giornata dell’Unità Nazionale e delle Forze Armate) is an Italian national day since 1919 which commemorates the victory in World War I, a war event considered the completion of the process of unification of Italy. It is celebrated every 4 November, which is the anniversary of the armistice of Villa Giusti becoming effective in 1918 and ending the Italian front in victory against Austria-Hungary.
Rick Sharp
Vaughan Richard Sharp (born June 1, 1948) is an England-born former professional American football tackle who played three seasons with two different teams, the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Steelers in the 12th round of the 1970 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of Washington for the Washington Huskies football team.

1970 NFL draft
The 1970 NFL draft was the 35th National Football League draft and the first of the league's modern era, following the merger of the National Football League with the American Football League. It was held on January 27–28, 1970, at the Belmont Plaza Hotel in New York City, New York.

The first overall pick of the draft was quarterback Terry Bradshaw from Louisiana Tech University, who was taken by the Pittsburgh Steelers (after winning a coin flip with the Chicago Bears, who had the same record as Pittsburgh). Bradshaw was one of two future Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees drafted by the Steelers; the other being Mel Blount from Southern University in Round 3.

The last remaining active player from the 1970 draft class was kicker Mark Moseley, who played his final NFL game in the 1986 season, although he was absent in 1973.
Lou Partlow
Louis (or Lewis) Jerald Partlow (October 9, 1892 – April 14, 1981) was a running back who played ten seasons with the Dayton Triangles in the National Football League (NFL). He is  always remembered for being the first professional footballer to score an official touchdown in NFL history.

Lou Partlow started in 1914 with the West Carrollton Paper Company team, where he earned the nickname "West Carrollton Battering Ram" due to his training routine which involved deliberately smashing into trees. Partlow also played with the Cincinnati Celts before joining the Dayton Gym-Cadets in 1915, the year before they changed their name to the Dayton Triangles. On 3 October 1920, the Dayton Triangles beat the Columbus Panhandles 14–0 in the first ever NFL game, in which Partlow scored the first touchdown.

Partlow retired in 1927.

Columbus Panhandles
The Columbus Panhandles were a professional American football team based in Columbus, Ohio. The club was founded in 1901 by workers at the Panhandle shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad. They were a part of the Ohio League from 1904 before folding after one season. Three years later, the team tried again, playing in the Ohio League from 1907 to 1919, not winning a championship, before becoming charter members of the American Professional Football Association (APFA) which became the National Football League (NFL).

The Panhandles are credited with playing in the first NFL game against the Dayton Triangles. They have no NFL championships, but Joseph Carr, the team's owner from 1907 to 1922, is enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame for his work as NFL president.
KK Vishnoi
Krishan Kumar "KK" Vishnoi (born 18 August 1976) is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) who is serving as a Minister of State in the Government of Rajasthan. He represents the Gudamalani constituency in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly.

Government of Rajasthan
The Government of Rajasthan is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Rajasthan and its 41 districts. It consists of an executive branch, led by the governor of Rajasthan, as well as judiciary and legislative branches. Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) and the secretariat. There are various programs announced by the Government of Rajasthan.
Ferocactus herrerae
Ferocactus herrerae, commonly known as the twisted barrel cactus, Herrera's barrel cactus, or the biznaga (in Classical Nahuatl), is a species of viviparous barrel cactus in the genus Ferocactus of the family Cactaceae that is native to southwestern Sonora to the northwestern coastline of Sinaloa in western Mexico.

Guamúchil
Guamúchil (gwam-OO-cheel, US: /ɡwɑːˈmuːtʃil/, Spanish: [ɡwaˈmutʃil]) is a city located in the state of Sinaloa in Northwestern Mexico. It is located 100 km north of Culiacán, the capital of Sinaloa. The city serves as the seat of the municipality of Salvador Alvarado and is the economic  and sociocultural center of the Évora Valley Region, named after the local Évora river. In 2010, the city had a population of around 72,500 inhabitants. It is the fifth-largest city in the state in population after Culiacán, Mazatlán, Los Mochis and Guasave.
Daniel Lee Nickrent
Daniel Lee Nickrent is an American botanist, working in plant evolutionary biology, including the subdisciplines of genomics, phylogenetics, systematics, population genetics, and taxonomy.  A major focus has been parasitic flowering plants, particularly of the sandalwood order (Santalales). His interest in photographic documentation and photographic databases has led to several photographic databases including Parasitic Plant Connection, Phytoimages, Plant Checklist for the Rocky Mountain National Park, and Plant Checklist for the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge.

Nickrent has over 9400 citations (as of 15 October 2019) according to Google Scholar. He is Research Faculty and Professor Emeritus of Plant Molecular Systematics and Evolution at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) (As of July 2019).

The standard author abbreviation Nickrent is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Hacktivismo Enhanced-Source Software License Agreement
The Hacktivismo Enhanced-Source Software License Agreement (HESSLA) is a software license proposed by Hacktivismo that attempts to put ethical restrictions on use and modification of software released under it.

The license was written by Oxblood Ruffin (of Hacktivismo and CULT OF THE DEAD COW) and Eric Grimm, an attorney with the EFF.

The HESSLA allows for enhancements to be made and for derivative works to be created, but it prohibits the use or modification of the software to violate human rights or to introduce features that spy on the user. It is intended to be a legally enforceable document. However, due to these restrictions, it is not technically a free software license or an open source license, though it was inspired by free software and open source licenses.

Free-software license
A free-software license is a notice that grants the recipient of a piece of software extensive rights to modify and redistribute that software.  These actions are usually prohibited by copyright law, but the rights-holder (usually the author) of a piece of software can remove these restrictions by accompanying the software with a software license which grants the recipient these rights.  Software using such a license is free software (or free and open-source software) as conferred by the copyright holder. Free-software licenses are applied to software in source code and also binary object-code form, as the copyright law recognizes both forms.
Dolní Domaslavice
Dolní Domaslavice (Polish: Domasłowice Dolne, German: Nieder Domaslowitz) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants.

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
2019 Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The 2019 Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Olympic Qualifying Tournament was held on 9–10 November at Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Central Stadium in Guangzhou. Japan, as host, prequalified for the Olympic Games, and did not take part in this competition. The champion of the tournament, hosts China, qualify for the Asian continental berth in the 2020 Summer Olympics. The second and third-placed teams, Hong Kong and Kazakhstan, qualify to take part in a 2020 Olympic repechage tournament for one of two final berths in Tokyo.

Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Kazakhstan competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's seventh consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics in the post-Soviet era, and it was the nation's least successful Olympic Games.
Off Kilter (band)
Off Kilter was a Celtic rock band. Off Kilter was formed in 1997, and performed regularly at Epcot from their inception in 1997 through September 27, 2014. Their first album, Off Kilter, included some traditional songs like "Dirty Old Town" and "Fields of Athenry" as well as covers of popular rock songs generally from Canadian artists such as "Takin' Care of Business" and "Summer of '69." They have also produced covers of the Battlefield Band's "The Rovin' Dies Hard". It was announced on August 28, 2014, that Off Kilter's final performance at Epcot would be September 27, 2014. They were replaced with a lumberjack-inspired show at the Canada pavilion, which was canceled November, 2015. Off Kilter announced their disbanding on December 11, 2021.

Battlefield Band
Battlefield Band was a Scottish traditional music group. Founded in Glasgow in 1969, they have released over 30 albums and undergone many changes of lineup. As of 2010, none of the original founders remain in the band. Their last known live performance occurred in August 2017.

The band is noted for their combination of bagpipes with  non-traditional instruments, such as electronic keyboards, and for its mix of traditional songs and new material. Battlefield Band toured internationally, playing to audiences in Europe, Australia, Asia, the Middle East, and North America.

They have collaborated with other musicians including the Scottish harp player and glass sculptor Alison Kinnaird.
Roselle Park High School
Roselle Park High School is a four-year public high school located in Roselle Park, in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Roselle Park School District. Since 2007, Roselle Park High School serves students in ninth through twelfth grades. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1928.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 641 students and 47.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.5:1. There were 224 students (34.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 82 (12.8% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Comoros National Library
Comoros National Library is located in Moroni, Comoros, and is owned by the National Center for Documentation and Scientific Research, which is affiliated with other institutions, the most important of which are the National Archives and the National Museum.

Moroni, Comoros
Moroni (French pronunciation: [mɔʁɔni] ⓘ; Arabic: موروني, romanized:  Mūrūnī) is the largest city, national capital, and seat of the government of the Union of the Comoros, a sovereign archipelago nation in the Indian Ocean. Moroni means "at the river" (mroni in Shingazidja). Moroni is the capital of the semi-autonomous island of Ngazidja, the largest of the three main islands of the republic. The city's estimated population in 2003 was 41,557 residents. Moroni, which lies along the Route Nationale 1, has a port and several mosques such as the Badjanani Mosque.
Ljupko Petrović
Ljubomir "Ljupko" Petrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Љубомир "Љупко" Петровић; born 15 May 1947) is a Serbian professional football manager and former player. He also holds a Bosnian passport.

As a manager, Petrović's biggest success was winning the European Cup in the 1990–91 season with Red Star Belgrade.

Yugoslav Second League
Yugoslav Second League (Bosnian: Druga savezna liga, Croatian: Druga savezna liga, Serbian: Друга савезна лига, Slovenian: Druga zvezna liga, Macedonian: Втора сојузна лига, Vtora sojuzna liga) was the second tier football league of SFR Yugoslavia. The top clubs were promoted to the top tier, the Yugoslav First League.

Although the Yugoslav First League had existed since 1923, the unified Second League was only introduced in 1947. It existed until 1992.
Wegard Harsvik
Wegard Harsvik (born 19 July 1967) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the term 1989–1993.

During the first cabinet, Stoltenberg Harsvik worked as a political advisor in the Ministry of Church, Education, and Research. When the second cabinet Stoltenberg assumed office following the 2005 elections, Harsvik was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Health and Care Services. In late 2007 he changed to the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs.

Outside politics he has worked in the Friends of the Earth Norway, Sosialdemokrater mot EU and the Norwegian Union of Municipal and General Employees.

Ministry of Education and Research (Norway)
The Royal Ministry of Education and Research (Norwegian: Kunnskapsdepartementet, KD; full name: Det kongelige kunnskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry responsible for education, research and kindergartens. The ministry was established in 1814 as the Royal Ministry of Church and Education Affairs.

The current Minister of Education is Kari Nessa Nordtun and the current Minister of Research and Higher Education is Sigrun Gjerløw Aasland, both of whom are of the Labour Party The department reports to the legislature (Stortinget).
Manhunt (1959 TV series)
Manhunt is an American syndicated half-hour television crime drama starring Victor Jory as a San Diego police detective Lt. Howard Finucane, Charles Bateman as his partner Det. George Peters (in the first 13 episodes), and  Patrick McVey as police beat newspaper reporter Ben Andrews, who also narrated the episodes. Seventy-eight episodes were broadcast between April 15, 1959, and 1961.

Filmed on location in San Diego, the series regularly showcased local sites such as the Pacific Highway district, police headquarters, the San Diego Zoo, the Star of India, San Diego Bay, the Bali Hai Resort and the Hotel Del Coronado. A panorama of the cityscape was featured during the closing credits.

The character Ben Andrews was based on the San Diego Union police beat reporter Pliny Castanien.

Star of India (ship)
Star of India is an iron-hulled sailing ship, built in 1863 in Ramsey, Isle of Man, as the full-rigged ship Euterpe. After a career sailing from Great Britain to India and New Zealand, she was renamed, re-rigged as a barque, and became a salmon hauler on the Alaska to California route. Retired in 1926, she was restored as a seaworthy museum ship in 1962–3 and home-ported at the Maritime Museum of San Diego in San Diego, California. She is the oldest ship still sailing regularly and also the oldest iron-hulled merchant ship still afloat. The ship is both a California Historical Landmark and United States National Historic Landmark.