hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD, CPTSD, or cPTSD) is a stress-related mental disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas (i.e., commonly prolonged or repetitive exposure to a traumatic event or traumatic events, from which one sees little or no chance to escape).

In the ICD-11 classification, C-PTSD is a category of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with three additional clusters of significant symptoms: emotional dysregulation, negative self-beliefs (e.g., shame, guilt, failure for wrong reasons), and interpersonal difficulties. C-PTSD's symptoms include prolonged feelings of terror, worthlessness, helplessness, distortions in identity or sense of self, and hypervigilance. Although early descriptions of C-PTSD specified the type of trauma (i.e., prolonged and repetitive), in the ICD-11 there is no requirement of a specific trauma type.

Prolonged exposure therapy
Prolonged exposure therapy (PE) is a form of behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy designed to treat post-traumatic stress disorder. It is characterized by two main treatment procedures – imaginal and in vivo exposures. Imaginal exposure is repeated 'on-purpose' retelling of the trauma memory. In vivo exposure is gradually confronting situations, places, and things that are reminders of the trauma or feel dangerous (despite being objectively safe). Additional procedures include processing of the trauma memory and breathing retraining.
Knut Olav Åmås
Knut Olav Åmås (born 19 January 1968) is a Norwegian writer, editor and politician for the Conservative Party.

He hails from Odda Municipality. He holds a cand.philol. degree in philosophy, having taken his master's thesis on Ludwig Wittgenstein at the University of Bergen. He later took a dr.philos. degree on a biographical thesis about Olav H. Hauge. He has worked as a journalist in Bergens Tidende, and is from 2006 debate editor (from 2008: editor of culture and debate) in Aftenposten. He was an editor in the publishing house Universitetsforlaget from 1996 to 2001, and edited the periodical Samtiden from 2001 to 2006. In 2013, he was named in Solberg's Cabinet as State Secretary in the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs. He is currently the Director of Fritt Ord.

Åmås is openly gay.

Aftenposten
Aftenposten (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈɑ̂ftn̩ˌpɔstn̩]; transl. "The Evening Post"; stylized as Aftenpoſten in the masthead) is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation as well as Norway's newspaper of record. It is based in Oslo. It sold 211,769 daily copies in 2015 (172,029 printed copies according to University of Bergen) and estimated 1.2 million readers. It converted from broadsheet to compact format in March 2005. Aftenposten's online edition is at Aftenposten.no.

Aftenposten is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA. Norway's second largest newspaper, VG, is also owned by Schibsted. Norwegian owners held a 42% of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015.

The paper has around 240 employees. Trine Eilertsen was appointed editor-in-chief in 2020.

Aftenposten has correspondents based in Kyiv, Brussels, Washington D.C, Moscow and Istanbul (2025).
R-17 Elbrus
The R-17 Elbrus (Russian: Р-17, 9К72 «Эльбрус», named for Mount Elbrus), GRAU index 9K72 is a tactical ballistic missile, initially developed by the Soviet Union. It is also known by its NATO reporting name SS-1C Scud-B. The R-17 is one of several Soviet missiles to carry the reporting name Scud, and the most prolifically launched of the series, with a production run estimated at 7,000 (1960–1987). Also designated R-300 during the 1970s, the R-17 was derived from the R-11 Zemlya. It has been operated by 32 countries and manufactured in four countries outside the Soviet Union. It is still in service with some. The North Koreans reverse-engineered it as the Hwasong-5.

Mount Elbrus
Mount Elbrus is the highest mountain in Russia and Europe. It is a dormant stratovolcano rising 5,642 m (18,510 ft) above sea level, and is the highest volcano in Eurasia, as well as the tenth-most prominent peak in the world. It is situated in the southern Russian republic of Kabardino-Balkaria in the western extension of Ciscaucasia, and is the highest peak of the Caucasus Mountains.

Elbrus has two summits, both of which are dormant volcanic domes. The taller, western summit is 5,642 metres (18,510 ft); the eastern summit is 5,621 metres (18,442 ft). The earliest recorded ascent of the eastern summit was on 10 July 1829 by a Circassian man named Khillar Khashirov, and the western summit in 1874 by a British expedition led by F. Crauford Grove and including Frederick Gardiner, Horace Walker and the Swiss guide Peter Knubel.
Petrozavodsk State University
Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU) is a classical university in Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia. 
It was founded in 1940 as the Karelian-Finnish University and was renamed in 1956 to Petrozavodsk State University. The rector of Petrozavodsk State University is Prof. Anatoly V. Voronin.

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
Chan Hon-chung
Chan Hon-chung (1909 – March 1991) was a Hung Ga Grandmaster, former producer, choreographer and actor. He was a student of the Chinese martial artist Lam Sai-wing. He was also the founding chairman of the Hong Kong Chinese Martial Arts Association, the most important Chinese martial arts association in Hong Kong.

Grandmaster (martial arts)
Grandmaster and Master are titles used to describe or address some senior or experienced martial artists. Typically these titles are honorary in nature, meaning that they do not confer rank, but rather distinguish the individual as very highly revered in their school, system, or style.
Handsome Ned
Robin David Masyk (June 4, 1957 – January 10, 1987), known as Handsome Ned, was a Canadian country singer and songwriter. Although he only released a small number of singles and was never widely known outside of Toronto during his lifetime, he has been credited as the catalyst for an early-1980s country music and roots rock revival in Toronto which paved the way for acts such as Blue Rodeo, Prairie Oyster, Skydiggers and Cowboy Junkies to break through to greater fame, and as one of the key figures in the transformation of the city's Queen Street West district into a cultural hotspot.

As well, he received a posthumous Juno Award nomination for Best Male Country Vocalist at the Juno Awards of 1990, after some of his archival recordings were released in 1989, as the album The Ballad of Handsome Ned.

Skydiggers
Skydiggers is a Canadian roots rock band from Toronto formed by Andy Maize and Josh Finlayson. Since 1990, they have released 19 albums/EPs and have had a number of singles that have appeared on the Canadian charts. Their most successful album is Restless, released in 1992. With a presence spanning decades, the band has appeared under a variety of different record labels and with many changes in members that form the group.
Diced Pineapples
"Diced Pineapples" is a hip hop song by American rapper Rick Ross and featuring fellow American rapper Wale and Canadian rapper Drake. It was released as the fourth single from the former's fifth studio album God Forgives, I Don't on August 21, 2012.

God Forgives, I Don't
God Forgives, I Don't is the fifth studio album by American rapper Rick Ross. It was released on July 30, 2012, by Maybach Music Group, Slip-n-Slide Records and Def Jam Recordings. The album was produced by several record producers, including Cool & Dre, J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League, Pharrell, Jake One, and Rico Love, among others.

God Forgives, I Don't received generally positive reviews from critics, who complimented its opulent production style and Ross' performance. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, selling 218,000 copies in its first week, and charted in several other countries. By October 2012, the album had been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America and had sold 588,000 copies in the United States. It was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 2013 Grammy Awards.
Phyllonorycter grewiella
Phyllonorycter grewiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from South Africa, Botswana, Kenya, Namibia and coastal Yemen. The habitat consists of the coastal savannahs of southern and East Africa and the forests belonging to the Zanzibar-Inhambane floristic region.

The length of the forewings is 2.4–2.8 mm. Adults have been reared and collected during every month of the year except August, October and December.

The larvae feed on Grewia bicolor, Grewia flava, Grewia flavescens, Grewia hexamita, Grewia messinica, Grewia monticola and Grewia villosa. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Grewia bicolor
Grewia bicolor, called bastard brandy bush, false brandy bush, two-coloured grewia, white-leaved grewia, white-leaved raisin, white raisin and donkey berry (a name it shares with Grewia flavescens), is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to sub-Saharan Africa, Yemen, Oman, and the Indian subcontinent. In Africa Grewia bicolor is one of the most important forages during the dry season, when all herbivores, wild and domestic, find it palatable. It is particularly enjoyed by giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) and domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). Caterpillars of Anaphe reticulata have been found to feed on the foliage.
Augustina Ebhomien Sunday
Augustina Ebhomien Sunday (born 23 August 1996) is a Nigerian badminton player. She educated English and Literature at the Benson Idahosa University, and in 2015, she competed at the Summer Universiade In Gwangju, South Korea.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Wooter
Wooter is an American sports technology and athletic apparel company based in Staten Island, New York. Wooter provides customizable sports uniforms and operates a digital platform for sports league management.

Wooter has created apparel for boxer Floyd Mayweather, musicians Master P and Snoop Dogg, and former NFL and NBA players such as Chad Johnson, Terrell Owens, and Matt Barnes.

Digital platform (infrastructure)
A digital platform is a software-based online infrastructure that facilitates user interactions and transactions.

Digital platforms can act as data aggregators to help users navigate large amounts of information, as is the case with search engines; as matchmakers to enable transactions between users, as is the case with digital marketplaces; or as collaborative tools to support the development of new content, as is the case with online communities. Digital platforms can also combine several of these features, such as when a social media platform enables both searching for information and matchmaking between users.

Digital platforms can be more or less decentralized in their data architecture and can be governed based on more or less distributed decision-making.
Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London
Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London is a 2004 American action comedy buddy film and the sequel to the 2003 film Agent Cody Banks. Directed by Kevin Allen and written by Don Rhymer, the film stars Frankie Muniz, Anthony Anderson, Hannah Spearritt, and Keith David. The film takes place in London with Cody and his buffoonish adult partner, Derek, trying to recover a stolen software and stop the activation of the government's mind control project.

Agent Cody Banks 2 was released by MGM in the United States on March 12, 2004, by 20th Century Fox. It received generally negative reviews from critics, and grossed $29 million against a $26 million budget.

Action fiction
Action fiction is a genre in literature that focuses on stories involving high-stakes, high-energy, and fast-paced events. This genre includes a wide range of subgenres, such as spy novels, adventure stories, tales of terror, intrigue ("cloak and dagger"), and mysteries.  These kinds of stories utilize suspense, the tension that is built up when the reader wishes to know how the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist is going to be resolved or the solution to a mystery of a thriller.

The intricacies of human relationships or the nuances of philosophy and psychology are rarely explored in action fiction, typically being fast-paced mysteries that merely seek to provide the reader with an exhilarating experience.

Action fiction can also be a plot element of non-literary works such as graphic novels and film.
Clinidium cavicolle
Clinidium cavicolle is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1873. It is known from Colombia; there is an uncertain record from Brazil too. There is uncertainty as regards the origin of the type specimen(s) as the original label refers to "Nova-Grenata, Bogoto", probably referring to Bogotá. What is now designated as the lectotype is from Ocaña, Norte de Santander. The other syntype, probably of "the other sex", matches Chevrolat's description less well and was described in 1985 as Clinidium humile.

Clinidium cavicolle measure 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) in length.

Rhysodinae
Rhysodinae is a subfamily (sometimes called wrinkled bark beetles) in the family Carabidae. There are 19 genera and at least 380 described species in Rhysodinae. The group of genera making up Rhysodinae had been treated as the family Rhysodidae in the past, and subsequent DNA analysis then placed it within Carabidae, where it was sometimes treated as the tribe Rhysodini, but the most recent analyses place it as a subfamily in a clade along with subfamilies Paussinae and Siagoninae, forming a sister to the remaining Carabidae.
Harry Hassett
Harry Hassett (1905–1971) was an Australian tennis player. He was the brother of cricket legend Lindsay Hassett and was a fine cricket all-rounder himself, but tennis took priority over cricket for Harry. Sporting Globe described Hassett's tennis game by saying he was "sound in all departments of the game except his second serve, which is decidedly weak, and strong physically". Hassett had a great backhand. Hassett made his debut at the Australian championships in 1930 and lost in five sets to Harry Hopman in round three. In 1931 he lost in the quarter finals to Jack Cummings. In 1933 he took the first set from top seed Ellsworth Vines but lost in four sets in round two.

His other career singles highlights include winning the Royal South Yarra Championships in 1933.

Ellsworth Vines
Henry Ellsworth Vines Jr. (September 28, 1911 – March 17, 1994) was an American tennis champion of the 1930s, the World No. 1 player or the co-No. 1 in 1932 as an amateur, and in 1934, 1935, 1936 and 1937 as a professional. He won three Grand Slam titles, the U.S. National Championships in 1931 and 1932 and the Wimbledon Championships in 1932. Vines also was able to win Pro Slam titles on three different surfaces. He later became a professional golfer and reached the semifinals of the PGA Championship in 1951.
Tomac
Tomac is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Eli Tomac (born 1992), American motocross racer

Eugen Tomac (born 1981), Romanian politician

John Tomac (born 1967), American cyclist

Marta Tomac (born 1990), Norwegian-Croatian handball player

Mewen Tomac (born 2001), French swimmer

Steve Tomac (born 1953), American politician

Zdravko Tomac (1937–2020), Croatian politician

Željko Tomac (born 1956), Croatian handball player

Marta Tomac
Marta Tomac (born 20 September 1990) is a Norwegian-Croatian professional handball player for Vipers Kristiansand and the Norwegian national team.

She made her debut on the Norwegian national team in 2015. At her first major international tournament, the 2016 European Women's Handball Championship, she won gold medals.

Previously in her career she played 11 matches for the Croatian national team, and got a Norwegian citizenship in October 2015.
Aleksander Podrätšik
Aleksander Podrätšik (1888–1921), also spelt Aleksander Podrätshik, was an Estonian teacher, historian and politician.

Born on 4 May 1888 in Konguta in Tartu County, Podrätšik was a member of the Estonian Provincial Assembly which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia between 1917 and 1919. He sat for the duration of the assembly, which was from 14 July 1917 until 23 April 1919, after which Estonia became a sovereign nation; thereafter, Podrätšik did not sit on the Asutav Kogu (the Constitutional Assembly) or independent Estonia's new parliament, the Riigikogu. He died on 8 February 1921 in Pärnu.

Estonian Provincial Assembly
The Estonian Provincial Assembly or Estonian State Diet, also known by its Estonian language name Maapäev, was elected in May–June 1917 during the Russian Revolution as the provincial parliament (diet) of the autonomous Governorate of Estonia. On 28 November 1917, after the Bolshevik coup in Petrograd (then Saint Petersburg, capital of Russia), the Assembly declared itself the sole sovereign power in the governorate of Estonia and called for the elections of Estonian Constituent Assembly. On the eve of the German occupation of Estonia during World War I the council of elders the Maapäev elected the Estonian Salvation Committee, who went on to issue the Estonian Declaration of Independence on 24 February 1918.
Hucking
Hucking is a small hamlet and civil parish in the Maidstone District of Kent, England. It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) north-east of Maidstone and 5 miles (8.0 km) south-west of Sittingbourne. The parish is governed by a parish meeting.

The settlement sits atop the North Downs in a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) near the villages of Hollingbourne, Detling, Bicknor (where the population is included for census purposes) and Wormshill and between the main A249 and B2163 roads connecting the towns of Sittingbourne and Maidstone. The parish church is dedicated to St Margaret.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
Sandro Jovanović
Sandro Jovanović (born 23 April 2002) is a Slovenian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primorje, on loan from Koper. He also represented Slovenia at youth international level with the under-21 team.

FC Koper
Football Club Koper, commonly referred to as FC Koper or simply Koper, is a Slovenian football club based in Koper that competes in the Slovenian First League, the top flight of Slovenian football. The club was founded in 1920. They won the Slovenian First League once, in the 2009–10 season, and the Slovenian Cup four times, most recently in 2021–22.

The club's home ground is Bonifika Stadium, which has a capacity for 4,047 spectators.
Good-Latimer Expressway
The Good-Latimer Expressway is a street in the central part of Dallas, in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Texas. It begins in south Dallas as an exit off U.S. Highway 175 (US 175) at that highway's western terminus at Interstate 45 (I-45). The street travels in a north-northwest direction through south Dallas, the Cedars, the Farmers Market District of downtown, and finally through Deep Ellum. It becomes Routh Street as it passes out of Deep Ellum underneath I-345 / US 75. It was part of US 75 until 1987, connecting the two freeway sections of the Central Expressway.

From January 28, 1987, to June 25, 1991, when the portion between I-45 and I-345 / US 75 was given to the city of Dallas, that segment was Spur 559.

The expressway was named for former Mayor and Judge John Jay Good and James W. "Weck" Latimer, editor of the Dallas Herald, both citizens from Dallas' pioneer past.

Cedars, Dallas
The Cedars is a district in Dallas, Texas (U.S.).  It is adjacent to and south of downtown and Interstate 30, east of Austin Street, north of Corinth Street, and west of the 75 & 345 Overpasses just east of South Good Latimer Expy.
José Luis Torrente
José Luis Torrente is a fictional character created by Spanish actor and director Santiago Segura and the main character in the Torrente scatological and dark comedy-action film series. The series so far includes five films; Torrente: El brazo tonto de la ley (1998), Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella (2001), Torrente 3: El protector (2005), Torrente 4: Lethal Crisis (2011) and Torrente 5: Operación Eurovegas (2014).

There are also video games Torrente: El videojuego and Torrente 3, which were released with the second and third movies, respectively.

2014 in film
The following is an overview of the events of 2014 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, and a list of films released and notable deaths. DreamWorks Pictures and DreamWorks Animation celebrate their 20th anniversary in 2014.
Straight Edge Society
The Straight Edge Society was a villainous professional wrestling stable in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) that appeared on its SmackDown brand. The concept behind the group was the straight edge lifestyle, which promotes and abides to discipline—primarily no smoking, drinking, or drugs. The group acted as a militant organization, denouncing all people who did not live the straight edge lifestyle, even those who also abstain from substance abuse, so new members were required to shave their heads, which signified a "new beginning". The founder and leader of the group was CM Punk, who follows the straight edge lifestyle in real life. Members included Joey Mercury, Luke Gallows, and Serena. As of 2026, Punk remains employed with the WWE, while Deeb is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW).

Head shaving
Head shaving, or bald by choice, is the shaving of the hair from a person's head. People throughout history have shaved all or part of their heads for diverse reasons including aesthetics, convenience, culture, fashion, practicality, punishment, a rite of passage, religion, or style.