hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Caltabiano
Michael Andrew Caltabiano (born 8 April 1964) is an Australian former politician who was a Liberal Party member of the Brisbane City Council from 1996 to 2005, and a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 2005 to 2006.  He also served briefly as the Director-General of the Department of Transport and Main Roads in the state government of Queensland, Australia until he was sacked by Premier Campbell Newman.  Caltabiano was referred to the parliamentarian ethics committee in October 2012, after comments he made two year ago's estimates committee hearing about the employment of Ben Gommers, the son of then arts minister Ros Bates.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.
Pugh Dungan House
Pugh Dungan House is a historic home located in Doylestown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1830, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, stuccoed brick and fieldstone dwelling in the Federal style. It features a single bay, pedimented portico supported by Doric order columns.  A two-story rear porch was added in the mid- to late-19th century.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English county of Buckinghamshire. The county is part of the Southeast region of the commonwealth.

The county represents the northern boundary of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area.

To its southwest, Bucks County borders Montgomery County and Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city. To its east, the county borders the Delaware River and U.S. state of New Jersey. To its north, the county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region. The county is approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.
Paul Nurse
Sir Paul Maxime Nurse (born 25 January 1949) is an English geneticist, President of the Royal Society and former Chief Executive and Director of the Francis Crick Institute. He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Leland Hartwell and Tim Hunt, for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division of cells in the cell cycle.

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
1940 City of London by-election
The 1940 City of London by-election was a by-election held on 5 February 1940 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of one of the city's two Conservative Party Members of Parliament (MPs) Sir Alan Anderson, who had held the seat since a by-election in 1935.

In accordance with the war-time electoral pact, neither the Labour nor the Liberal parties fielded a candidate. The Conservatives did not defend the seat either, instead supporting the National candidate, Sir Andrew Duncan, who had been brought in from industry to serve as President of the Board of Trade.

There being no other candidates, Duncan was returned unopposed.

War-time electoral pact
The war-time electoral pact was an electoral pact established by the member parties of the United Kingdom coalition governments in the First World War, and re-established in the Second World War. Under the pact, in the event of a by-election only the party which previously held the seat would nominate a candidate, and the other coalition parties would stand aside.

This led to a number of unopposed by-elections as well as strong showings and surprise victories by third party candidates.

The 1914 to 1918 truce was officially broken in June 1918 when the Labour Party decided that the truce should no longer be recognised, although no Labour candidates were nominated before the 1918 General Election.
Bogner
Bogner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Josef Bogner (1939–2020), German botanist known by the standard botanical author abbreviation Bogner

Norman Bogner (1935–2022), American novelist

Peter Bogner (born 1964), German-American businessman

Reinhold Bogner, founder of Bogner Amplification

Sebastian Bogner (born 1991), German chess grandmaster

Tobias Bogner (born 1990), German ski jumper

Willy Bogner Sr. (1909–1977), German Nordic skier

Willy Bogner Jr. (born 1942), German fashion designer and alpine ski racer

Sebastian Bogner
Sebastian Bogner (born 17 January 1991) is a German-Swiss chess grandmaster. He represented Germany until transferring to Switzerland in 2013. He won the Swiss Chess Championship in 2018, 2024 and 2025.
Bruce Liu
Bruce Liu (simplified Chinese: 刘晓禹; traditional Chinese: 劉曉禹; pinyin: Liú Xiǎoyǔ; born Xiaoyu Liu on May 8, 1997) is a Canadian pianist. Born in Paris and raised in Montreal, he began to play the piano at eight years old and was performing by age 11. In 2021, he rose to widespread renown after winning the XVIII International Chopin Piano Competition.

Prix d'Europe
The Prix d'Europe (French pronunciation: [pʁi døʁɔp]) is a Canadian study grant that is funded by the Ministère des Affaires culturelles du Québec of the Government of Quebec. Established in 1911, the award has been distributed annually to a single individual through competition with the exception of 1960-1973 and 2009 when there was a potential for 2 prizes each year and 1971 when no prize was given. Winners of the grant are given a cash prize towards furthering their musical education abroad in Europe. Past winners of the prize include a large number of notable Canadian musicians.
Sugar transporter SWEET1
Sugar transporter SWEET1, also known as RAG1-activating protein 1 and stromal cell protein (SCP), is a membrane protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC50A1 gene. SWEET1 is the sole transporter from the SLC50 (SWEET) gene family present in the genomes of most animal species, with the exception of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which has seven.

SWEET1 is a broadly-expressed glucose transporter. As the SWEET family has been identified relatively recently, the full range of its functions in animals is not yet clear. However, the bovine SLC50A1 homologue is associated with lactose concentration in milk, and the CiRGA homologue in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis is essential for tissue differentiation during embryogenesis, especially the development of the notochord.
SWEET genes are common in plant genomes, with around twenty paralogues  functioning as both sucrose and hexose transporters, and are also associated with pathogen susceptibility.

Lactose
Lactose is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from lac (gen. lactis), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars. The compound is a white, water-soluble, non-hygroscopic solid with a mildly sweet taste. It is used in the food industry.
Nun River
The Nun River, also known as Rio Nun, is a river in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The river is formed when the Niger River splits into two at Toru-Abubou, near Agbere Town in Sagbama Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, forming the Nun and the Forcados rivers.

Upon emerging from its parent river, Niger, the Nun River flows for almost 160 kilometres (100 mi) south to the Gulf of Guinea at Akassa.
Its course runs mainly through thinly settled areas and swamps.

In the 19th century, the Nun was a hub for trade between Europe and the Igbo people – based at Aboh. The river's trading history began with the trade of slaves but was later replaced by palm oil export. However, at the turn of the century, the river mouth silted heavily, blocking the passage. Subsequently, traders began using the more accessible waters of the Forcados River.

The Nun River is immortalized in the poetry of Gabriel Okara. His poem The Call of the River Nun is a nostalgic ode to the river that passes through his home.

Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea (French: Golfe de Guinée; Spanish: Golfo de Guinea; Portuguese: Golfo da Guiné) is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. Null Island, defined as the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude), is in the gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
Michael Peak
Michael Peak is a 2,701-metre (8,862-foot) mountain summit located in Yoho National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is The President, 4.0 km (2.5 mi) to the west-northwest. Both are part of the President Range which is a subset of the Waputik Mountains. Michael Peak is a landmark seen 4.5 kilometres north-northeast of Emerald Lake, three kilometres southwest of Takakkaw Falls, and 10 kilometres north of Field, British Columbia.

Arête
An arête (/əˈrɛt/ ə-RET; French: [aʁɛt]) is a narrow ridge of rock that separates two valleys. It is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. Arêtes can also form when two glacial cirques erode headwards towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. The edge is then sharpened by freeze-thaw weathering, and the slope on either side of the arête steepened through mass wasting events and the erosion of exposed, unstable rock. The word arête is French for "edge" or "ridge"; similar features in the Alps are often described with the German equivalent term Grat.

Where three or more cirques meet, a pyramidal peak is created.
Antidepressant (album)
Antidepressant is the seventh solo studio album by English musician Lloyd Cole, released on 25 September 2006 through Sanctuary Records. It contains a cover of American rock band Moby Grape's "I Am Not Willing" and contributions from Jill Sobule as well as Cole's former Commotions bandmate Neil Clark.

Jill Sobule
Jill Susan Sobule (/ˈsoʊbjuːl/ SOH-byool; January 16, 1959 – May 1, 2025) was an American singer-songwriter best known for the 1995 single "I Kissed a Girl", and "Supermodel" from the soundtrack of the 1995 film Clueless. Her folk-inflected compositions alternate between ironic, story-driven character studies and emotive ballads, a duality reminiscent of such 1970s American songwriters as Warren Zevon, Harry Nilsson, Loudon Wainwright III, Harry Chapin, and Randy Newman. Autobiographical elements, including Sobule's Jewish heritage and her adolescent battles with anorexia and depression, frequently occur in Sobule's writing.

In 2009, Sobule released California Years, an album funded entirely by fan donations, making her an early pioneer of crowdfunding.
Janette Williamson
Janette Williamson (born 1965), is a British Labour politician and former Leader of Wirral Council. She was the first woman to lead the Council in 29 years.

She was elected leader of the Labour group on Wirral Council on 29 June 2020, beating fellow councillors Gillian Wood and Yvonne Nolan. Nolan was last woman to lead the Council between 1990 and 1991.

Williamson became Leader of the Council in a virtual meeting on 28 September with the Council governing under a Committee system.

in 2021 Williamson was appointed by Mayor Steve Rotheram as the first, Deputy Mayor of the Liverpool City Region, a post which she held until 2023, She is the only woman to have ever held the position.

Steve Rotheram
Steven Philip Rotheram (born 4 November 1961) is a British politician serving as Mayor of the Liverpool City Region since 2017. A member of the Labour Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool Walton from 2010 to 2017.

Born and raised in Kirkby, Rotheram left school to become a bricklayer and set up his own construction company at the age of 22. He earned a Master's degree in Contemporary Urban Renaissance from Liverpool Hope University and worked as a business manager for the Learning and Skills Council. He was elected to represent Fazakerley for Labour on Liverpool City Council from 2002 to 2011, and served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 2008 to 2009.

After serving as an MP and Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition, Rotheram won a majority vote at the 2017 Liverpool City Region mayoral election and re-election in 2021. He was re-elected in 2024.
Bishopric of Pomesania
The Bishopric of Pomesania (German: Bistum Pomesanien; Polish: Diecezja pomezańska) was a Catholic diocese in the Prussian regions of Pomesania and Pogesania, in modern northern Poland until the 16th century, then shortly a Lutheran diocese, and became a Latin titular see.

The former Cathedral and Castle of Pomesanian Cathedral Chapter complex in Kwidzyn is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

Pogesanians
Pogesanians were a Prussian tribe, which lived in the region of Pogesania (Polish: Pogezania; Lithuanian: Pagudė; German: Pogesanien; Latin: Pogesania), a small territory stretched between the Elbląg and Pasłęka rivers, now located in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Pogesanians, as the rest of the Prussians, were conquered by the Teutonic Knights and became Germanized or Polonized. The old Prussian language became extinct sometime in the 17th century.
Citizen legislature
A citizen legislature is a legislative chamber made up primarily of citizens who have a full-time occupation besides being a legislator. Such citizen legislatures can be found on the state level, as in some U.S. states, or on the national level as in Switzerland.

Legislatures in the U.S. considered to be citizen legislatures include Montana, Nevada, Idaho, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Virginia and Wyoming.

Many other states in the US, by contrast, have a professional legislature. James Madison wrote in Federalist No. 62 that "It is not possible that an assembly of men called for the most part from pursuits of a private nature, continued in appointment for a short time, and led by no permanent motive to devote intervals of public occupation to a study of the laws, the affairs, and the comprehensive interests of their country, should, if left wholly to themselves, escape a variety of important errors in the exercise of their legislative trust."

North Dakota Legislative Assembly
The North Dakota Legislative Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of North Dakota. The Legislative Assembly consists of two chambers, the lower North Dakota House of Representatives, with 94 representatives, and the upper North Dakota Senate, with 47 senators. The state is divided into 47 constituent districts, with two representatives and one senator elected from each district. Due to the Legislative Assembly being a biennial legislature, with the House and Senate sitting for only 80 days in odd-numbered years, a Legislative Council oversees legislative affairs in the interim periods, doing longer-term studies of issues, and drafting legislation for consideration of both houses during the next session.

Members of both houses are limited to two four-year terms since January 2023. Prior to this, members were elected without term limits.

The Legislative Assembly convenes in the west chamber of the 19-story Art Deco state capitol building in Bismarck.
Hagondange
Hagondange (French pronunciation: [aɡɔ̃dɑ̃ʒ]; German: Hagendingen; Lorraine Franconian: Hoendéngen/Hoendéng) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

It is located 20 km (12 mi) north of Metz and 20 km (12 mi) south of Thionville.

La Tour de Guet, a tower from the twelfth century, is found within the commune.

Moselle (department)
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] ⓘ) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
Brett Yormark
Brett Yormark (born September 28, 1966) is the fifth and current commissioner of the Big 12 Conference, a position he has held since August 1, 2022. He has held top positions at Katz Sports, NASCAR, Palace Sports & Entertainment, Brooklyn Sports & Entertainment, and the National Basketball Association. He served as the chief executive officer of Brooklyn Sports & Entertainment, where he oversaw the business operations of the Brooklyn Nets organization, Barclays Center, the New York Islanders, New York Liberty, Nassau Coliseum, and the Nets' minor team Long Island Nets. He then became the chief executive officer  of Roc Nation.

Long Island Nets
The Long Island Nets are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Uniondale, New York, and are affiliated with the Brooklyn Nets. The team plays its home games at the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York. The Nets became the twelfth Development League team to be owned by an NBA team when it was announced in 2015.
Endenicher Bach
Endenicher Bach  ("stream of Endenich") is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The Endenicher Bach  is called Katzenlochbach at its origin but goes through some name changes on its way to a confluence with the Hardtbach (commonly known as the Dransdorfer Bach), which later flows into the river Rhine. It first changes into Endenicher Bach and later into Lengsdorfer Bach. With a length of 11 kilometres (6.8 mi), it's the longest stream in Bonn.

Endenich
Endenich is a neighborhood in the western part of Bonn, Germany. Before 1904 it was an independent municipality. The village of Endenich was founded in the 8th century, and was first mentioned in 804 as Antiniche. Today, about 12,000 people live in Endenich.
James C. Bartholf
James C. Bartholf (November 28, 1858 – March 12, 1936) was an American newspaper editor, journalist, and politician.

Born in Whitewater, Walworth County, Wisconsin, Bartholf went to Battle Creek College. He then graduated from Milton College in 1881. He was principal of the Milton Junction, Wisconsin grade school in 1881. Bartholf was a journalist, editor, and publisher of the Milton Telephone newspaper in Milton, Wisconsin and other publications. In 1885 and 1887, Bartholf served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican. Later, Bartholf was involved in the Chatauqua movement and the Anti-Saloon League in Wisconsin and other states. Bartholf died at his daughter's house, in Chicago, Illinois after a long illness.

Walworth County, Wisconsin
Walworth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,478. Its county seat is Elkhorn. The county was created in 1836 from Wisconsin Territory and organized in 1839. It is named for Reuben H. Walworth. Walworth County comprises the Whitewater-Elkhorn, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area. The University of Wisconsin-Whitewater is located in Walworth County.

Walworth County features several major tourist destinations: Lake Geneva, Alpine Valley Resort, and Alpine Valley Music Theatre. Tourism is a large contributor to Walworth County's economy. It is Wisconsin's fifteenth largest county in population, but it is the sixth largest in terms of economic impact from tourism (nearly $1 billion in 2023).
Union County Training School
The Union County Training School was the only school for African-American children in Union County, Mississippi. The school was founded in 1912 in a donated house in New Albany known as the Baker home. The school initially served students through the 8th grade. It burned in 1943, and classes were held in the gymnasium, which had been built in 1935, and the home economics building, which had been built in 1936. In 1948, a new building designed by Robert McKnight of Tupelo in the Streamline Moderne style was built in the same location. The new school was named after Benjamin F. Ford, who had served as the principal from 1921 until his death in 1950. It remained a segregated Black-only school until around 1967.

From 1971 until 2000, when the Sam T. Barkley School opened, the school served as an integrated elementary school. After Barkley opened, the building was used by Head Start and the Boys and Girls Club. In 2022 the B. F. Ford multicultural exhibit opened in the old school.

Streamline Moderne
Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression of sleekness and modernity.

In France, it was called the style paquebot, or "ocean liner style", and was influenced by the design of the luxury ocean liner SS Normandie, launched in 1932.
Lori Stegmann
Lori Stegmann is an American politician who served as a member of the Multnomah County Commission in Oregon representing the 4th district, which covers East Multnomah County and parts of East Portland.

A Moderate Democrat, Stegmann was a Republican until 2018 when she switched party affiliation citing the Trump administration as her reason for switching.

Gresham, Oregon
Gresham (/ˈɡrɛʃəm/ GRESH-əm) is a city in the Willamette Valley, Located in Multnomah County in the U.S. state of Oregon, bordered by Portland to the northwest and partially in the southwest. It was first settled in the early 1850s by the Powell brothers. It remained unincorporated until 1905; it was named after Walter Quintin Gresham, an American Civil War general and United States Secretary of State.

The early economy of the city was primarily supported by agriculture, and by the mid-20th century, the city saw a population boom, increasing from 4,000 residents to more than 10,000 between 1960 and 1970. The population was 114,247 at the 2020 census, making it the second most populous city in the county and the fourth-most populous city in Oregon. Gresham is an economic center for eastern Multnomah County.