hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scintillation counter
A scintillation counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation by using the excitation effect of incident radiation on a scintillating material, and detecting the resultant light pulses.

It consists of a scintillator which generates photons in response to incident radiation, a sensitive photodetector (usually a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, or a photodiode), which converts the light to an electrical signal and electronics to process this signal.

Scintillation counters are widely used in radiation protection, assay of radioactive materials and physics research because they can be made inexpensively yet with good quantum efficiency, and can measure both the intensity and the energy of incident radiation.

Photodiode
A photodiode is a semiconductor diode sensitive to photon radiation, such as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. It produces an electrical current when it absorbs photons. This can be used for detection and measurement applications, or for the generation of electrical power in solar cells. Photodiodes are used in a wide range of applications throughout the electromagnetic spectrum from visible light photocells to gamma ray spectrometers.
Robust bleating tree frog
The robust bleating tree frog (Litoria dentata), also known as Keferstein's tree frog, is a species of tree frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. This frog is endemic to coastal eastern Australia, where it ranges from northeastern New South Wales to the NSW/Queensland border. It has also been introduced to Lord Howe Island.

Tree frog
A tree frog (or treefrog) is any species of frog that spends a major portion of its lifespan in trees, known as an arboreal state. Several lineages of frogs among the Neobatrachia suborder have given rise to treefrogs, although they are not closely related to each other.

Millions of years of convergent evolution have resulted in very similar morphology even in species that are not very closely related.
Furthermore, tree frogs in seasonally arid environments have adapted an extra-epidermal layer of lipid and mucus as an evolutionary convergent response to accommodate the periodic dehydration stress.
Myakka Headwaters Preserve
Myakka Headwaters Preserve is a 432 acre parcel of conservation lands being restored by the Conservation Foundation of the Gulf Coast in Florida. The group has planted pop ash, Carolina willow and long leaf pine to help restore the property. The original parcel of 363 acres was acquired in 2020 and additional land added in 2022 to bring the property up to 432 acres. It is next to Flatford Swamp and contains tupelo and red maple as well as orchids and airplants such as the Myakka River airplant (tillandsia simulata) and lowland loosestrife, a Florida endemic species. The Foundation offers tours and restoration events at the property. The foundation posted a video discussing the property and some of the trees and birds on it including wood storks, Great egret, and white ibis.

Wood stork
The wood stork (Mycteria americana) is a large wading bird in the family Ciconiidae (storks). Originally described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus, this stork is native to the subtropics and tropics of the Americas where it persists in habitats with fluctuating water levels. It is the only stork species that breeds in North America. The head and neck are bare of feathers, and dark grey in colour. The plumage is mostly white, with the exception of the tail and some of the wing feathers, which are black with a greenish-purplish sheen.

Globally, the wood stork is considered to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In the United States, the wood stork was previously classified as Endangered due to loss of suitable feeding habitat in the Florida Everglades, its historical population stronghold in the country. The species has been subsequently downlisted to Threatened after northward range expansion and increased population size.
River Ferta
The River Ferta or Fertha is a river in County Kerry in Ireland. It flows from the southwestern MacGillycuddy Reeks above Teeromoyle and travels ten miles before flowing into Valentia Harbour. The principal town in the region, Cahersiveen, is located close to the mouth of the river.

There are two crossings at Cahersiveen: an old railway bridge and a single carriageway used by cars. The town also has an artificial marina built in the early 2000s. A crossing over a tributary of the Ferta called the Cahran River was opened in 1992 in the same place that a previous crossing stood at Cahran Road.

Valentia Island
Valentia Island (Irish: Dairbhre, meaning 'oak isle') is one of Ireland's most westerly points. It lies in Dingle Bay off the Iveragh Peninsula in the southwest of County Kerry. It is linked to the mainland by the Maurice O'Neill Memorial Bridge at Portmagee.  A car ferry also departs from Reenard Point to Knightstown, the island's main settlement, from April to October. Another, smaller village named Chapeltown sits at roughly the midpoint of the island, three kilometres (two miles) from the bridge. Valentia Island's permanent population is 658 (as of the 2022 CSO Census). It is about 11 kilometres (7 miles) long by almost three kilometres (two miles) wide, making it the fifth-biggest island off the Irish coast.
Beilschmiedia micranthopsis
Beilschmiedia micranthopsis  is an Asian tree species in the family Lauraceae.  Records of occurrence are from Vietnam, where it may be called két hoa nhỏ; no subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.

Catalogue of Life
The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Information System. The Catalogue is used by research scientists, citizen scientists, educators, and policy makers. The Catalogue is also used by the Biodiversity Heritage Library, the Barcode of Life Data System, Encyclopedia of Life, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. The Catalogue currently compiles data from 165 peer-reviewed taxonomic databases that are maintained by specialist institutions around the world. As of September 2022, the COL Checklist lists 2,067,951 of the world's 2.2m extant species known to taxonomists on the planet at present time.
Prospekt Nauki
Prospekt Nauki (in Russian Проспект Науки) is a Russian publisher of reference, technical and scientific literature as well as text books for specialists and students.

Based in St. Petersburg, the private-owned company publishes in the areas of microbiology, biotechnology, food science, nutrition technology, medical engineering, construction materials and environmental management.

Prospekt Nauki took its name - it means "Science Avenue" in Russian - from the practice prevalent in Russian during the Soviet time to name streets in newly built parts of cities after the goals of communism. Although the publishing house was founded after the collapse of communism, the founders decided to take this name to echo the science books they were setting out to publish.

Environmental resource management
Environmental resource management or environmental management is the management of the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment. It is not, as the phrase might suggest, the management of the environment itself. Environmental resources management aims to ensure that ecosystem services are protected and maintained for future human generations, and also maintain ecosystem integrity through considering ethical, economic, and scientific (ecological) variables. Environmental resource management tries to identify factors between meeting needs and protecting resources. It is thus linked to environmental protection, resource management,  sustainability, integrated landscape management, natural resource management, fisheries management, forest management, wildlife management, environmental management systems, and others.
Cassandra Kubinski
Cassandra Kubinski is an American pop artist, songwriter, and actress. She is known for her piano-driven blend of soulful, theatrically tinged music evocative of singer-songwriters like Billy Joel, Carole King, Sara Bareilles and Ingrid Michaelson. Kubinski has collaborated on song releases or performances with the Goo Goo Dolls, 10,000 Maniacs, Chris Botti, Jill Sobule, Caroline Jones, Anna Nalick and more. Her music has also been used in many TV shows, most notably 9 song placements on Lifetime's hit show Dance Moms.

10,000 Maniacs
10,000 Maniacs are an American alternative rock band founded in 1981. They have released nine studio albums, six EPs, and five live albums. They achieved their most significant success between 1987 and 1993, when they released four albums that charted in the top 50 in the US: In My Tribe (1987), Blind Man's Zoo (1989), Our Time in Eden (1992), and the live album MTV Unplugged (1993). After the recording (but before the release) of MTV Unplugged, original lead singer and songwriter Natalie Merchant left the band to pursue a solo career, while the remaining members continued the band.
Wang Hee-kyung
Wang Hee-kyung (born July 16, 1970) is a South Korean archer and Olympic champion. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, where she won a gold medal with the South Korean archery team, and also an individual silver medal.

Archery at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Four events were contested in archery at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.  These events included team competitions for the first time in modern Olympic archery.  Men's and women's individual competitions continued to be part of the schedule as well.

The format for the individual competition was altered for the first time since the 1972 Summer Olympics.  In Seoul, instead of all archers using the double FITA round to determine rankings, a sort of elimination plan was introduced.  Each archer shot a single FITA round to determine initial rankings.  Most archers were cut from the competition after this, with only 24 advancing.  These archers then shot one-fourth the number of arrows normal for a FITA round, with these scores being used to drop more archers.  This process was repeated until only 8 archers finished the fourth segment of the second round.
Chambersite
Chambersite is a manganese borate mineral with formula Mn3B7O13Cl. It is a member of the borate mineral series that includes other minerals such as ericaite (Fe3B7O13Cl) and boracite (Mg3B7O13Cl). When chambersite was first discovered, it was the second chemical analogue of boracite to be found in nature. It was discovered as a mineral at Barber's Hill salt dome in Texas in 1957 and in 1971 at the Dongshuichang deposit in Jixian, Tianjin, China.  Chambersite occurs associated with the evaporite minerals halite, anhydrite, and gypsum.

Salt dome
A salt dome is a type of structural dome formed when salt (or other evaporite minerals) intrudes into overlying rocks in a process known as diapirism. Salt domes can have unique surface and subsurface structures, and they can be discovered using techniques such as seismic reflection. They are important in petroleum geology as they can function as petroleum traps.
Stora Levene
Stora Levene (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstǔːra ˈlêːvɛnɛ]) is a locality situated in Vara Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 761 inhabitants in 2010.

According to a regnal list appended to the Westrogothic law, two Swedish kings in the 11th century, Håkan the Red and Stenkil, came from Levene. The church, in the church village on the outskirts of the modern village, is from the 13th century, and holds the grave of the 17th century landshövding Johan Henriksson Reuter. During a renovation in 1927, a runestone was found built into the church wall. Known as Levenestenen ('the Levene stone'), it is Sweden's tallest runestone.

Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.
Napalai Tansai
Napalai Tansai (born 20 May 1982 in Chonburi) is a Thai windsurfer. She has competed at three Olympics, at the 2000, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.  In 2000, sailing in the Mistral One class, she finished in 19th place.  The Mistral class was replaced with the RS:X class in which she finished in 20th place in 2008 and 24th place in 2012.

Chonburi
Chonburi (Thai: ชลบุรี, RTGS: Chon Buri, IAST: jalapurī, pronounced [tɕ͡ʰōn bū.rīː] ⓘ) is the capital of Chonburi Province and, as part of the district Mueang Chonburi, the seventh-largest city in Thailand. It is about 100 km southeast of Bangkok, on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand, and has an urban population of 342,959. Its name means 'city of water'.

Chonburi, along with the urban areas of Si Racha and Pattaya, forms a conurbation known as the Pattaya-Chonburi Metropolitan Area, which has a total population of 999,092.

Chonburi town has had town (thesaban mueang) status since 1935 and makes up only a small part of the current city-scape.
Wisconsin Point Light
The Wisconsin Point Light is a lighthouse located in Superior, on Wisconsin Point, in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States.

The light and attached fog horn building sits within a 10-mile (16 km) long sand bar – stretching between the ports of Duluth and Superior. This sand bar makes the Duluth–Superior Harbor one of the safest harbors in the world. It is "reputedly the longest freshwater sand bar in the world" and is split by this opening near its center, where the lighthouse is located. The Minnesota side of the opening is known as "Minnesota Point" (Park Point) and the Wisconsin side is known as "Wisconsin Point." It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It stands erect at 70 ft. tall.

Foghorn
A foghorn or fog signal is a device that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards such as rocky coastlines, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. When visual navigation aids such as lighthouses are obscured, foghorns provide an audible warning of rock outcrops, shoals, headlands, or other dangers to shipping.
National Treasure: Book of Secrets (soundtrack)
The score to National Treasure: Book of Secrets was composed by Trevor Rabin and recorded with the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Todd AO Scoring Stage in October and November 2007. It was the last feature film score to be recorded at the stage before it was closed down.

The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records as a digital download release through iTunes, and no physical discs were manufactured.

Hollywood Studio Symphony
The Hollywood Studio Symphony (sometimes the Hollywood Freelance Studio Symphony) is the credited name of the symphony orchestra behind many major soundtracks, including  The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Sucker Punch, Jurassic Park III, Last Samurai, Pirates of the Caribbean, We Are Marshall, Spider-Man 2,  Lost and The Bourne Supremacy.  Contrary to what its name might suggest, the orchestra is not a conventional symphony orchestra, in that all of its members are freelance musicians who are contracted individually, and differ across individual soundtracks.
Ali al-Adeeb
Ali Mohammad Al-Hussein Al-Adeeb is an Iraqi politician and a senior member of the Islamic Dawa Party. In April 2006 he was tipped by the United Iraqi Alliance as a candidate for the post of Prime Minister, after their original choice, Ibrahim Jaafari, was vetoed by the Kurdistani Alliance and Iraqi Accord Front.

Adeeb was born in Karbala in 1944 and went to secondary school in Baghdad. He obtained a degree in Literature and Education from the Baghdad University and taught Psychology.

While Saddam Hussein was the President of Iraq, Adeeb was exiled to Iran, where he headed the Teheran-based Political Bureau of the Dawa party and took the nickname "Abu Bilal". He returned to Iraq in 2003 after the invasion.

Adeeb was appointed to the committee that drafted the Constitution of Iraq in 2004, and has been a member of the Iraqi Parliament since 2005.

University of Baghdad
The University of Baghdad (UOB) (Arabic: جامعة بغداد), is a public research university in Baghdad, Iraq. It is the largest university in Iraq and the tenth largest in the Arab world. Established in 1957, it was the second largest university in the Arab world, after the University of Cairo. The university has four campuses across the city, located in Al-Jadriyah, Bab al-Muadhdham, Nahda Road and Wazeriya neighborhoods.

The first constituent was opened in 1908, followed by further institutions. Baghdad University provides academic programs in variety of fields such as engineering, medical sciences, liberal arts and religious education. The university maintains four campuses across the city, located in Al-Jadriyah, Bab al-Muadhdham, Wazeriya and Nahda Road.
Tauno Lappalainen
Tauno Mikko Lappalainen (10 March 1898 – 25 January 1973) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

He was born and died in Liperi.

Lappalainen won three medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with two silvers in 1926 (30 km, 50 km) and one bronze in 1930 (17 km).

At the 1928 Winter Olympics he finished sixth in the 50 km event. Four years later he finished seventh in the 50 km event at the 1932 Winter Olympics.

Cross-country skiing at the 1928 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 kilometre
The 50 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing at the 1928 Winter Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event. The competition was held on Tuesday, 14 February 1928. Forty-one cross-country skiers from eleven nations competed.
25th Arizona State Legislature
The 25th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 1961, to December 31, 1962, during the second of three terms of Paul Fannin's time as Governor of Arizona. The number of senators remained constant at two per county, totaling 28, and the members of the house of representatives also held steady at 80. The Republicans picked up three seats in the upper house, but the Democrats still had a 24–4 edge.   In the House the Republicans picked up two seats, leaving the Democrats with a 52–28 edge.

1960 Arizona gubernatorial election
The 1960 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent governor Paul Fannin ran for reelection against former Democratic state representative Lee Ackerman in the general election, easily winning a second term. Fannin was sworn in to his second term on January 3, 1961. Both candidates ran unopposed in their respective party's primary.
2019 J&T Banka Prague Open
The 2019 J&T Banka Prague Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 10th edition of the tournament, and part of the International category of the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place at the TK Sparta Prague in Prague, Czech Republic, from 29 April to 4 May 2019.

TK Sparta Prague
TK Sparta Prague (Czech: TK Sparta Praha) is a tennis club and training center located in Bubeneč, Prague, Czech Republic. Located near Stromovka on the left bank of the Vltava, it is one of the most prestigious tennis clubs in the country.
1st Wisconsin Cavalry Regiment
The 1st Wisconsin Cavalry Regiment was a volunteer cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  The regiment is most notable as one of two cavalry regiments credited with the final capture of Confederate president Jefferson Davis on May 10, 1865.

United States Volunteers
United States Volunteers (also called U.S. Volunteers, U.S. Volunteer Army, among other variations) were military volunteers called upon during wartime to help the United States Army. They were separate from the Regular Army and the militia.

Until the Militia Act of 1903, the land forces of the United States were divided into three organizations:

The Regular Army, which was the permanent military establishment of the United States in peace and war.

The militia of states and territories, when called into the service of the United States.

Volunteer forces that the Congress of the United States authorized to be organized for a limited time period as an adjunct to the Regular Army in time of emergencies.
Mamba (roller coaster)
Mamba is a steel roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri. Designed by Steve Okamoto and manufactured by D.H. Morgan Manufacturing, Mamba opened to the public on April 18, 1998. It is classified as a hypercoaster, which is any coaster that exceeds 200 feet (61 m) in height or drop length, and cost over $10 million to construct.  As of 2026, Mamba is tied with Steel Force at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania as the ninth longest steel coaster in the world. It is also currently the tallest, fastest, and longest continuous circuit coaster in the state of Missouri; it is surpassed in height only by Mr. Freeze: Reverse Blast at Six Flags St. Louis, which is a Shuttle roller coaster.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.
Lai Hsiu-wen
Lai Hsiu-wen (born 21 September 1976) is a Taiwanese taekwondo practitioner. She won a bronze medal in featherweight at the 1997 World Taekwondo Championships in Hong Kong, after being defeated by Jung Jae-eun in the semi-final. She also competed at the 1995 World Taekwondo Championships.

1995 World Taekwondo Championships
The 1995 World Taekwondo Championships were the 12th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Manila, Philippines from November 17 to November 21, 1995, with 598 athletes participating from 77 countries.
Valda Aveling
Valda Rose Aveling OBE (16 May 1920 – 21 November 2007) was an Australian pianist, harpsichordist and clavichordist.  Her repertoire was very wide, including composers as diverse as William Byrd, Jan Sweelinck, Sergei Rachmaninoff and Béla Bartók.

William Byrd
William Byrd (/bɜːrd/; c. 1540 – 4 July 1623) was an English Renaissance composer. Considered among the greatest composers of the Renaissance, he had a profound influence on composers both from his native country and on the Continent. He is often considered along with John Dunstaple and Henry Purcell as one of England's most important composers of early music.

Byrd wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school), and consort music. He produced sacred music for Anglican services, but during the 1570s became a Roman Catholic, and wrote Catholic sacred music later in his life.