hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eltra Corp. v. Ringer
Eltra Corp. v. Ringer, 579 F.2d 294 (4th Cir. 1978), was a case in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit that determined that typefaces were not eligible for protection under U.S. copyright law. The United States Copyright Office had refused to register a typeface design owned by Eltra Corporation, who filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The district court held that the design submitted did not qualify as a "work of art" under Regulation 202.10(c) of the 1909 Copyright Act. The appellate court affirmed this decision.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (in case citations, 4th Cir.) is a federal court located in Richmond, Virginia, with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Maryland

Eastern District of North Carolina

Middle District of North Carolina

Western District of North Carolina

District of South Carolina

Eastern District of Virginia

Western District of Virginia

Northern District of West Virginia

Southern District of West Virginia

The court is based at the Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse in Richmond, Virginia. With 15 authorized judgeships, it is the 4th largest circuit among the 13 United States Courts of Appeals.
South Bank Grand Arbour
The South Bank Grand Arbour is a kilometre-long sculptural installation, located in the South Bank Parklands in Brisbane, Australia. The structure functions as a pedestrian walkway which connects the Griffith Film School on the corner of Dock Street and Vulture Street to the Cultural Forecourt adjacent to QPAC, as well as the rest of the South Bank Parklands through which it runs.  The arbour follows the course of the former Expo 88 boat canal.

The arbour was designed by Melbourne-based architectural firm Denton Corker Marshall, and was officially opened in 2000. One of the hired boiler makers/welders was called Michael Gray, a well known boilermaker in Queensland and New South Wales. The structure is composed of 443 steel tendrils up to ten metres high, supporting a luxuriant canopy of purple Bougainvillea.

Initially the arbour was not well-received as it looked odd without plant growth.

World Expo 88
World Expo 88, also known as Expo 88, was a specialised Expo held in Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia, during a six-month period between Saturday, 30 April 1988 and Sunday, 30 October 1988, inclusive. The theme of the Expo was "Leisure in the Age of Technology", and the mascot for the Expo was an Australian platypus named Expo Oz.

The A$625 million fair was the largest event of the 1988 Bicentennial celebrations of the arrival of the First Fleet in Sydney Harbour. Expo 88 attracted more than 15,760,000 visitors who bought tickets worth A$175 million. The event achieved both its economic aims and very good attendances, was successfully used to promote Queensland as a tourist destination and it spurred a major re-development at the South Brisbane site. The core feature of the site were the international pavilions. Many of the exposition's sculptures and buildings were retained by various entities around the state and are still in use or on display today.
2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota
The 2002 congressional elections in Minnesota, were held on November 5, 2002 to determine who would represent the state, in the United States House of Representative.

Minnesota had eight seats in the House, and the 2002 congressional election was the first held pursuant to the apportionment made according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 108th Congress from January 3, 2003 until January 3, 2005.  The election coincided with a U.S. Senate election and a gubernatorial election. DFLer Bill Luther, formerly of the 6th congressional district, who was redistricted into the 2nd congressional district, was the only incumbent in Minnesota's House delegation who failed to win reelection.

Gil Gutknecht
Gilbert William Gutknecht Jr. (/ˈɡuːtˌknɛxt/, born March 20, 1951) is a former American politician. Gutknecht was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives first elected in 1994 to represent Minnesota's 1st congressional district. Gutknecht lost his 2006 reelection bid to DFL candidate and future Governor Tim Walz, and his term ended in January 2007.
Colotenango
Colotenango is a town and municipality in the Guatemalan department of Huehuetenango. The municipality is situated at 1,590 m (5,220 ft) above sea level and has a population of 34,834 (2018 census). It covers an area of 62 km2 (24 sq mi). The annual festival is  August 12–15.

Colotenango has two holy sites called Tuikalajan and Tuisanmarcos.

Departments of Guatemala
The Republic of Guatemala is divided into 22 departments (Spanish: departamentos)
which in turn are divided into 340 municipalities. The departments are governed by a departmental governor, appointed by the President.

In addition, Guatemala has claimed that all or part of the nation of Belize is a department of Guatemala, and this claim is sometimes reflected in maps of the region. Guatemala formally recognized Belize in 1991, but the border disputes between the two nations have not been resolved.
Blanzy Mining Museum
The Blanzy Mining Museum (French: Musée de la Mine de Blanzy) is a French museum dedicated to the history of the Saône-et-Loire coal basin, recognized as a Musée de France. Established in 1978, it is located on the former mining site in the commune of Blanzy, Saône-et-Loire.

Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ]; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saône-et-Loire's prefecture is Mâcon, with subprefectures in Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans. Its INSEE and postcode number is 71.
Blessing Ufodiama
Blessing Ufodiama (born 28 November 1981) is an American former triple jumper. She is a three-time United States Olympic trials qualifier, with a best national finish of 2nd at the 2013 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships.

2013 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 2013 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships was held at Albuquerque Convention Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Organised by USA Track and Field (USATF), the three-day competition took place March 1–3 in conjunction with the USA Indoor Combined Events Championships which started the day after and served as the national championships in track and field for the United States.
Kaia Iva
Kaia Iva (28 April 1964 – 2 November 2023) was an Estonian Pro Patria and Res Publica Union politician. She was Minister of Social Protection of Estonia from 23 November 2016. She served as the mayor of Türi from 2002 until 2005. She served as member of Riigikogu from 2007 to 2015.

Kaia Iva died on 2 November 2023, at the age of 59.

Türi
Türi is a town in Järva County, Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Türi Parish. Due to its spring flower fairs, which have been held since 1977 and are known throughout Estonia, Türi has also been known as the "spring capital" of Estonia since 2000.

It has a railway station on the Tallinn - Viljandi railway line operated by Elron (rail transit).
Chintalapudi mandal
Chintalapudi mandal is one of the 28 mandals in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is administered under Nuzvidu revenue division and its headquarters are located at Chintalapudi. The mandal is bounded by T.Narasapuram mandal, Lingapalem mandal, Khammam district

Khammam district
Khammam district is a district in the eastern region of the Indian state of Telangana. The city of Khammam is the district headquarters. The district shares boundaries with Suryapet, Mahabubabad, Bhadradri districts and with the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Taira no Tomomori
Taira no Tomomori (平 知盛) (1152–1185) was the son of Taira no Kiyomori, and one of the Taira clan's chief commanders in the Genpei War at the end of the Heian period of Japanese history.

He was victorious at the Battle of Uji in 1180. He also became successful in the Battle of Yahagigawa in 1181.

Tomomori was again victorious in the naval Battle of Mizushima two years later.

At the Battle of Dan-no-ura, when the Taira were decisively beaten by their rivals, Tomomori joined many of his fellow clan members in committing suicide. He tied an anchor to his feet and leapt into the sea.

Tomomori has become a popular subject for kabuki plays.

Kabuki
Kabuki (歌舞伎; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.bɯ.kʲi]) is a classical form of Japanese theatre, mixing dramatic performance with traditional dance. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily stylised performances, its glamorous, highly decorated costumes, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers.

Kabuki is thought to have originated in the early Edo period, when the art's founder, Izumo no Okuni, formed a female dance troupe that performed dances and light sketches in Kyoto. The art form later developed into its present all-male theatrical form after women were banned from performing in kabuki theatre in 1629. Kabuki developed throughout the late 17th century and reached its zenith in the mid-18th century.

In 2005, kabuki theatre was proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible heritage possessing outstanding universal value. In 2008, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
The Weather Inside
The Weather Inside is the second album by Helen Watson released in 1989. Produced by Glyn Johns, the record was recorded at A&M Studios in Los Angeles and AIR Studios in London. All songs were written by Helen Watson and Martin McGroarty, except "Dangerous Daybreak" (Stead / Ellis / Trundle / Watson / McGroarty).

The album employs a stellar cast of session musicians including Andy Fairweather-Low, Richie Hayward, George Hawkins, Michael Landau, Ethan Johns, Bill Payne, Bernie Leadon and Albert Lee. The sessions for this and Watson's debut album Blue Slipper were the first time members of Little Feat had worked together since Lowell George died in 1979.

The album spawned the single, "Hanging Out the Washing (In a Small Backyard)", a duet with Andy Fairweather-Low. The CD single features a song recorded at the same sessions but not released on the album, "Heaven Suits You".

The Weather Inside was Watson's final album for EMI before a move to RCA for her third album, Companion Gal.

Lowell George
Lowell Thomas George (April 13, 1945 – June 29, 1979) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He was the primary guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter for the rock band Little Feat. Before forming Little Feat, he was a member of Frank Zappa's band the Mothers of Invention.
Babylon 5: Thirdspace
Babylon 5: Thirdspace is a 1998 American made-for-television film that is part of the Babylon 5 science fiction universe. It was written by J. Michael Straczynski and directed by Jesús Salvador Treviño.

The movie was originally shown on July 19, 1998 on the TNT cable network, during the run of season five (originally being shown between "Movements of Fire and Shadow" and "The Fall of Centauri Prime"). In addition to members of the regular cast of the Babylon 5 TV series, it features the notable guest-stars Shari Belafonte (playing Dr. Elizabeth Trent) and William Sanderson (reprising the role of "Deuce" that he played in the episode "Grail").

The horror-based story, which ties into the Shadow/Vorlon plotline, centers on the return of an ancient and overwhelming alien force which had once attempted to destroy life in the Milky Way.

Fictional universe
A fictional universe, also known as an imagined universe or a constructed universe, is the internally consistent fictional setting used in a narrative or a work of art. This concept is most commonly associated with works of fantasy and science fiction, and can be found in various forms such as novels, comics, films, television shows, video games, and other creative works.

In science fiction, a fictional universe may be a remote alien planet or galaxy with little apparent relationship to the real world (as in the Star Wars universe). In fantasy, it may be a greatly fictionalized or invented version of Earth's distant past or future (as in The Lord of the Rings).
Pathapee Leh Ruk
Pathapee Leh Ruk (Thai: ปฐพีเล่ห์รัก; RTGS: Pa-tha-phi Le Rak) is a 2010 Thai lakorn 1 in a 4 drama series called 4 Hearts of the Mountains or 4 Huajai Haeng Koon Kao (4 หัวใจแห่งขุนเขา ) that it's aired on Channel 3. It starred Prin Suparat and Chalida Vijitvongthong.

Channel 3 HD (Thailand)
Channel 3 HD (Thai: ช่อง 3 เอชดี; Thai: สถานีโทรทัศน์ไทยทีวีสีช่อง 3, lit. 'Thai Television Color Channel 3') is a Thailand and Bangkok's second commercial free-to-air television network that was launched on 26 March 1970 as Thailand and Bangkok's second commercial television station. Channel 3 is operated by BEC Multimedia Company Limited ("BECM"), a subsidiary of publicly traded company BEC World. The network is headquartered in the Maleenont Tower of Bangkok. Its slogan is คุ้มค่าทุกนาที ดูทีวีสีช่อง 3 ("Worth every minute, watch color television Channel 3").
Pharasmanes VI
P'arsman VI (Georgian: ფარსმან VI, sometimes Latinized as Pharasmanes), of the Chosroid Dynasty, became the king (mepe) of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) in 561. The length of his reign is unknown. The royal power was largely nominal at that time as the Sassanid Empire dominated Iberia.

He was the fraternal nephew of P’arsman V, his predecessor. P'arsman VI himself was succeeded by his son, Bakur III.

Mepe
Mepe (Old Georgian: ႫႴ; Georgian: მეფე [ˈmepʰe]; meh-PEH) is a royal title used to designate the Georgian monarch, whether it is referring to a king or a queen regnant. The title was originally a male ruling title.
1985–86 Women's European Cup (handball)
The 1985–86 Women's European Champions Cup was the 25th edition of the Europe's competition for national champions women's handball clubs, running between October 1985 and Spring 1986. Defending champion Spartak Kyiv defeated CS Stiinta Bacau in the final to win its eleventh title.

CS Știința Bacău (women's handball)
Știința Bacău is a Romanian women's handball team based in Bacău, which competes in Divizia A, the second level of the Romanian women's handball championships.

The team represents the women's handball section of the multi-sport club CS Știința Bacău, which also include athletics, badminton, karate, women's and men's volleyball sections. The club also had men's football and handball sections in the past.
Acton Vale station
Acton Vale station is a former railway station in Acton Vale, Quebec, Canada. The station was built in 1900 by the Grand Trunk Railway and is located at 960 Boulay Street.

It was recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada on June 11, 1976. Today it operates as a town tourism office and exhibition centre.

Acton Vale, Quebec
Acton Vale is an industrial town in south central Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Acton Regional County Municipality and is in the Montérégie administrative region. Its population in the Canada 2021 Census was 7,605. The town covers an area of 90.96 km2 (35 sq. mi.).

By road, Acton Vale is 100 km (60 mi.) from the province's largest city, Montreal, and 190 km (120 mi.) from the province's capital, Quebec City. It is also 100 km (60 mi.) from the border with the United States.
Raymond Collishaw
Raymond Collishaw, CB, DSO & Bar, OBE, DSC, DFC (22 November 1893 – 28 September 1976) was a distinguished Canadian fighter pilot, squadron leader, and commanding officer who served in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) and later the Royal Air Force (RAF). He was the highest scoring RNAS flying ace and the second highest scoring Canadian pilot of the First World War. He was noted as a great leader in the air, leading many of his own formations into battle. After the Great War, he became a permanent commissioned officer in the RAF, seeing action against the Bolsheviks in 1919–20, and subsequently commanding various Air Service detachments. During the Second World War, he commanded No. 204 Group (which later became the Desert Air Force) in North Africa, achieving great success against the numerically and technologically superior Italian Air Force. He was retired in 1943.

Fighter pilot
A fighter pilot or combat pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat and sometimes electronic warfare while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting (close range aerial combat). A fighter pilot with at least five air-to-air kills becomes known as an ace.
2014 Malaysia Cup final
The 2014 Malaysia Cup final was a football match which was played on 1 November 2014, to determine the winners of the 2014 Malaysia Cup. It was the final of the 88th edition of the Malaysia Cup, competition organised by the Football Association of Malaysia.

The final was played between Johor Darul Takzim and Pahang.

Malaysia Cup
The Malaysia Cup (Malay: Piala Malaysia), formerly known as Malaya Cup, is an annual football tournament in Malaysia, held at the end of the calendar year. The cup was first held in 1921. Despite its prestige and popularity as the country's oldest cup tournament, it does not guarantee a place in a continental competition, which is allocated to the Malaysia FA Cup winners. The competition was previously managed by the Football Association of Malaysia, before it was transferred to the Football Malaysia LLP (now known as the Malaysian Football League) in the 2016 season.

In the 2016 edition, the competition structure changed and only the top eleven teams of the Malaysia Super League and the top five teams of the Malaysia Premier League qualified for the cup.

The current title holder is Johor Darul Ta'zim, who won its fifth title in the 2024–25 edition.
Hershy Kay
Hershy Kay (November 17, 1919 – December 2, 1981) was an American composer, arranger, and orchestrator. He is most noteworthy for the orchestrations of several Broadway shows, and for the ballets he arranged for George Balanchine's New York City Ballet.

On the Town (musical)
On the Town is a musical with music by Leonard Bernstein and book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, based on Jerome Robbins' idea for his  1944 ballet Fancy Free, which he had set to Bernstein's music. The musical introduced several popular and classic songs, among them "New York, New York", "Lonely Town", "I Can Cook, Too" (for which Bernstein also wrote the lyric), and "Some Other Time". The story concerns three American sailors on a 24-hour shore leave in New York City in 1944, during World War II. Each of the three sailors meets and quickly connects with a woman.

On the Town was first produced on Broadway in 1944 and was made into a film in 1949, although the film replaced all but four of the original Broadway numbers with Hollywood-written substitutes. The show has enjoyed several major revivals. The musical integrates dance into its storytelling: Robbins made several ballets and extended dance sequences for the show, including the "Imaginary Coney Island" ballet.
Eremophila gracillima
Eremophila gracillima is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a low, spreading shrub with narrow leaves which have their edges folded under, and lilac to violet flowers. It is restricted to an area near Mount Vernon.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Employment Agencies Act 1973
The Employment Agencies Act 1973 (c. 35) is a United Kingdom act of Parliament and part of a wider body of UK agency worker law. It regulates the conduct of employment agencies which recruit and manage temporary and permanent labour. It applies to approximately 17,000 employment agencies operating in the UK. It was introduced by a private member's bill by Kenneth Lewis, member of parliament for Rutland and Stamford.

Rutland and Stamford
Rutland and Stamford is a county constituency comprising the area of Lincolnshire centred on the town of Stamford; the county of Rutland; and also parts of rural Leicestershire, making it a very unusual parliamentary constituency in that it spans three counties. It returns one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, using the first-past-the-post voting system. Since the 2024 general election, the Member of Parliament for Rutland and Stamford has been Alicia Kearns.
Intramedullary rod
An intramedullary rod, also known as an intramedullary nail (IM nail) or inter-locking nail or Küntscher nail (without proximal or distal fixation), is a metal rod forced into the medullary cavity of a bone. IM nails have long been used to treat fractures of long bones of the body. Gerhard Küntscher is credited with the first use of this device in 1939, during World War II, for soldiers with fractures of the femur. Prior to that, treatment of such fractures was limited to traction or plaster, both of which required long periods of inactivity. IM nails resulted in earlier return to activity for the soldiers, sometimes even within a span of a few weeks, since they share the load with the bone, rather than entirely supporting the bone.

The oldest intramedullary nail was found in the left knee of a mummy named Usermontu, the remains of an Egyptian man from more than 3,500 years ago. Researchers believe the pin was inserted after the man's death, but before his burial.

Traction (orthopedics)
Traction is a set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system. There are two types of traction: skin traction and skeletal traction. They are used in orthopedic medicine.
Xenophilus (phrourarch)
Xenophilus (fl. second half of the 4th century BC) was a Macedonian military figure under Alexander the Great.

As Alexander was preparing to move into Persis, he left a garrison in Susa, appointed Xenophilus as its garrison commander (phrourarch), and reconfirmed Abulites as satrap of Susiana, "holding civil jurisdiction". Xenophilus replaced the Persian commandant of Susa, Mazarus. During the Wars of the Diadochi he defended Susa against the forces of Seleucus I. What became of Xenophilus is unknown, but it is likely that Antigonus either kept him in honorable detention (as appears to be the case with Peucestas) or eliminated him.

Wars of the Diadochi
The Wars of the Diadochi (Ancient Greek: Πόλεμοι τῶν Διαδόχων, romanized: Pólemoi tōn Diadóchōn, lit. 'War of the Crown Princes') or Wars of Alexander's Successors were a series of conflicts fought between the generals of Alexander the Great, known as the Diadochi, over who would rule his empire following his death. The fighting started in 322 BC, the crucial battle of Ipsus was fought in 301 BC, the battle of Corupedium in 281 BC, and the struggle over Macedon was concluded in 272 BC.