hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mike Stevens (Ohio politician)
Mike Stevens is an Ohio Democratic Party politician and a former member of the Ohio General Assembly. After Johnnie Maier Jr. resigned in 2000, House Democrats appointed Stevens to his seat.  Ten months into his term, Stevens was defeated for reelection by John Hagan.  In all, Stevens spent only one year in the legislature.

Following his defeat, he became active in the Stark County Democratic Party, and a Lawrence Township Trustee.

Ohio General Assembly
The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. It consists of the 99-member Ohio House of Representatives and the 33-member Ohio Senate. Both houses of the General Assembly meet at the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus.
Kazan Chronicle
The Kazan Chronicle (Russian: Казанский летописец), also known as the Story of the Tsardom of Kazan (История Казанского Царства) or Kazan Story (Казанская история, Kazanskaya istoriya), is a document written between 1560 and 1565. The chronicler introduces himself as a Russian who was held in captivity in Kazan for about 20 years until Ivan the Terrible sacked Kazan in 1552. In some sources, his name is given as Ioann Glazaty (Иоанн Глазатый). While in captivity, the chronicler assumed Islam, which gave him substantial freedom to explore the local customs. The document deals with events from formation of Kazan Khanate in the first half of 15th century until its annexion in 1552. The authenticity of events, particularly events before the date when the chronicler came to Kazan, is doubtful. The chronicle contains numerous errors, and what appears to be complete fiction, mixed with genuine historical data. The chronicle was first published in print in Saint Petersburg in 1790.

Khanate of Kazan
The Khanate of Kazan was a Tatar state that encompassed the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria from 1438 until 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.

It was one of the successor states of the Golden Horde 
(Mongol state), and it came to an end when it was conquered by the Tsardom of Russia.
Nike-Asp
Nike Asp was an American sounding rocket. The Nike Asp has a ceiling of 220 km, a takeoff thrust of 217 kN, a takeoff weight of 700 kg, a diameter of 0.42 m and a length of 7.90 m.

The Nike-Asp is an Asp rocket (Asp IV RM-1400) with a Nike booster system. It was at times ship-launched. After NASA took control of the project, the rocket fell into disuse.

Asp (rocket)
ASP (Atmospheric Sounding Projectile) is the designation of an American sounding rocket family. ASP was used for a variety of uses, including research into hypersonic speed and to propel rocket sleds. In NASA service it was flown from a number of locations as a sounding rocket.  The selection by NASA of the Apache and Javelin rockets for the jobs performed by ASP led to its retirement.
Fujiwara no Kanefusa
Fujiwara no Kanefusa (藤原 兼房; 1153 – March 30, 1217)

was the fourth son of the Japanese regent Fujiwara no Tadamichi, and Kaga, daughter of Fujiwara no Nakamitsu. His brothers were Motozane (regent), Motofusa (regent), Kanezane (regent), and Jien. He lacked political capability, but he eventually became Daijō Daijin after his brother Kanezane.

In the Kokon Chomonjū, compiled by Tachibana no Narisue, an episode was recorded about Kanefusa, a great lover of Japanese poetry. Kanefusa wished to know what the great poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro looked like, and one night Hitomaro appeared to him in a dream. Kanefusa had someone create an image based on the vision from his dream and found that his own poetry improved as a result. The original image was destroyed in a fire but Fujiwara no Akisue received permission to make a copy; the copy was passed down to his descendants, beginning with his son Fujiwara no Akisuke, and became revered as a honzon and proof of headship of the Rokujō School.

Kokon Chomonjū
Kokon Chomonjū (古今著聞集), lit. A Collection of Notable Tales Old and New, is a Kamakura-period collection of setsuwa. It was compiled by Tachibana Narisue (橘成季) and completed in 1254. The twenty volumes are divided by subject into thirty chapters: chapter 16 concerns art and painting and 17 kemari or "kickball". Of the 726 tales, nearly two-thirds are set in the Heian period. In a note between tales 721 and 722, Narisue states that "the original aim of this collection was to collect fine stories about music and poems, and depict them as if in paintings".
Junin grebe
The Junin grebe (Podiceps taczanowskii), also known as Junin flightless grebe or puna grebe, is a species of grebe endemic to Lake Junin in the Andean highlands of Junin in west-central Peru. An endangered species, the current population is estimated at 300–400 individuals, including 140–320 adults.

Department of Junín
Junín (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈnin]; Quechua: Sunin) is a department of Peru. It is located in the central highlands and westernmost Peruvian Amazon. It is governed by a regional government. Its capital is Huancayo.
Inverurie Academy
Inverurie Academy is a comprehensive secondary school in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. The school is one of the 17 secondary schools run by Aberdeenshire Council. Inverurie Academy is located on Jackson Street, Inverurie. As of 2023, the academy ranked 177th out of 347 with 35% of students securing 5 or more highers.

Inverurie Academy has several feeder schools including Strathburn Primary, Chapel of Garioch Primary, Uryside Primary, Port Elphinstone Primary, Oyne Primary, Kellands Primary, Hatton of Fintray Primary, and Keithhall Primary. Insch Primary and Kinellar Primary hold dual zone status.

Aberdeenshire Council
Aberdeenshire Council is the local authority for Aberdeenshire, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. The council has been under no overall control since its creation in 1996. It is based at Woodhill House, which is outside its own territory in the neighbouring Aberdeen City council area.
Juliana Rojas
Juliana Rojas is a Brazilian filmmaker and editor born in Campinas, São Paulo (June 23, 1981). She graduated in Cinema in School of Communication and Arts of University of São Paulo (Escola de Comunicação e Artes da USP).

In 2011, her first feature film Hard Labor had its world premiere at the Un Certain Regard section of the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. Her film, Good Manners won the Silver Leopard at the 2017 Locarno Film Festival. In 2024, her latest film Cidade; Campo, won the Best Director award at the Encounters section of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival.

School of Communications and Arts, University of São Paulo
The School of Communications and Arts (Portuguese: Escola de Comunicações e Artes) at the University of São Paulo is an institution of higher education and research in the field of Arts and Communication located in São Paulo, Brazil. It was established on June 15, 1966 as School of Cultural Communication.
Sebastião Antônio de Oliveira
Sebastião Antônio de Oliveira (October 7, 1915 or 1916 – January 7, 1976), known as The Monster of Bragança, was a Brazilian rapist and serial killer who committed at least eight rapes and five murders in the Bragança region in two periods: between 1953 and 1963, and between 1974 and 1975, when he was arrested. This case shocked the 1970s society in Bragança Paulista.

Bragança Paulista
Bragança Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 170,533 (2020 est.) in an area of 512.6 km2 (197.9 sq mi). The elevation is 817 m.

The city is famous for its traditional sausages, with several establishments claiming to sell the "real Bragança sausage". Bragança has become a commuter town due to its proximity to São Paulo and Campinas. As a result, real estate is developing at a fast pace and several gated communities have sprung up all over town.

The city is served by Arthur Siqueira Airport dedicated to general aviation.
2019 Chengdu Challenger – Doubles
Gong Maoxin and Zhang Ze were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Arjun Kadhe and Saketh Myneni.

Kadhe and Myneni won the title after defeating Nam Ji-sung and Song Min-kyu 6–3, 0–6, [10–6] in the final.

Zhang Ze
Zhang Ze (Chinese: 张择; pinyin: Zhāng Zé; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʈʂáŋ tsɤ̌]; born July 4, 1990), is a Chinese former professional tennis player.

Zhang's career highlights include reaching the quarterfinals of the 2012 China Open (defeating Richard Gasquet en route), playing the Australian Open main draw in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015), and teaming up with Roger Federer to play doubles at the 2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters.
Afzal Ali Shigri
Afzal Ali Shigri is a former civil servant and columnist in Pakistan from Shigar, Gilgit-Baltistan. He served in several key roles, including  Inspector General Police Sindh, Commandant of the National Police Academy, Commandant of the Frontier Constabulary and Director General of the national National Police Bureau.

Notably, he was the first Inspector General of the National Highways & Motorway Police. Shigri began his career in the Police Service of Pakistan in 1968, holding positions such as Assistant Superintendent, Superintendent, Deputy Inspector General, and Inspector General of Police before retiring in 2002. He remains active as a security analyst and regularly contributes columns to Dawn and other newspapers.

Shigar
Shigar (Urdu: شگر) is the headquarter of its namesake district and tehsil in the Baltistan division of Gilgit-Baltistan region in northern Pakistan. It is located on the bank of the Shigar River in the most remote part of the region. It is a popular site for tourists and trekkers and contains many historical buildings of architectural significance associated with several different communities.

The town is inhabited almost exclusively by the Balti people of Tibetan descent. Almost 65% of the population belongs to the Shia sect of Islam, 26% to the Norbakhshi sect and the remaining to the Sunni sect. Via the Shigar Valley, it is the gateway to the Karakoram mountain range, which has five eight-thousanders, including K2.
Channel 43 digital TV stations in the United States
The following television stations broadcast on digital channel 43 in the United States:

K43HD-D in Quanah, Texas, to move to channel 35

K43JQ-D in Bismarck, North Dakota, to move to channel 23

K43MH-D in Vesta, Minnesota, to move to channel 34, on virtual channel 50

The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly broadcast on digital channel 43 in the U.S.:

K43AG-D in Edwards, California

K43ED-D in New Mobeetie, Texas

K43EG-D in Pitkin, Colorado

K43LV-D in Chalfant Valley, California

K43NU-D in Follett, Texas

K43NZ-D in Port Orford, Oregon

KBMT-LD in Beaumont, Texas

KYHT-LD in Lake Charles, Louisiana

W43DL-D in Montgomery, Alabama

WADA-LD in Wilmington, North Carolina

WBTD-LD in Suffolk, Virginia

WLEP-LD in Erie, Pennsylvania

WPBO in Portsmouth, Ohio

KJTL
KJTL (channel 18) is a television station licensed to Wichita Falls, Texas, United States, serving as the Fox affiliate for the western Texoma area. It is owned by locally based Mission Broadcasting as its flagship station; Mission maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Nexstar Media Group, owner of NBC affiliate KFDX-TV (channel 3) and low-power MyNetworkTV affiliate KJBO-LD (channel 35), for the provision of certain services. The three stations share studios near Seymour Highway (US 277) and Turtle Creek Road in Wichita Falls; KJTL's transmitter is located near East 1940 and North 2380 Roads in rural southwestern Tillman County, Oklahoma (near Grandfield).
Elliott Erwitt
Elliott Erwitt (born Elio Romano Erwitz, July 26, 1928 – November 29, 2023) was a French-born American advertising and documentary photographer known for his black and white candid photos of ironic and absurd situations within everyday settings. He was a member of Magnum Photos from 1953.

Harry Ransom Center
The Harry Ransom Center, known as the Humanities Research Center until 1983, is an archive, library, and museum at the University of Texas at Austin, specializing in the collection of literary and cultural artifacts from the Americas and Europe for the purpose of advancing the study of the arts and humanities. The Ransom Center houses 36 million literary manuscripts, one million rare books, five million photographs, and more than 100,000 works of art.

The center has a reading room for scholars and galleries which display rotating exhibitions of works and objects from the collections. In the 2015–16 academic year, the center hosted nearly 6,000 research visits, resulting in the publication of over 145 books.
Andy Sandberg
Andy Sandberg is an American director, writer, actor, and producer.  A 2005 graduate of Yale College, his Off-Broadway directing credits include Straight, Application Pending (also author), Shida, Craving for Travel (also author), Operation Epsilon, and The Last Smoker in America.  He is also known as a producer of the Broadway (2009) and West End (2010) revivals of the musical Hair (2009 Tony Award).

Bill Russell (lyricist)
Bill Russell (born 1949) is an American librettist and lyricist. Among his stage musicals are Elegies for Angels, Punks and Raging Queens and Side Show, which was nominated for the Tony Award as Best Musical.
Berbice
Berbice (/bɜːrˈbiːs/) is a region along the Berbice River in Guyana, which was between 1627 and 1792 a colony of the Dutch West India Company and between 1792 and 1815 a colony of the Dutch state. After having been ceded to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the latter year, it was merged with Demerara-Essequibo to form the colony of British Guiana in 1831. It became a county of British Guiana in 1838 till 1958. In 1966, British Guiana gained independence as Guyana and in 1970 it became a republic as the Co-operative Republic of Guyana.

After being a hereditary fief in the possession of the Van Peere family, the colony was governed by the Society of Berbice in the second half of the colonial period, akin to the neighbouring colony of Suriname, which was governed by the Society of Suriname. The capital of Berbice was at Fort Nassau until 1790. In that year, the town of New Amsterdam, which grew around Fort Sint Andries, was made the new capital of the colony.

Canje River
6°15′43″N 57°31′11″W﻿ / ﻿6.2619°N 57.5198°W﻿ / 6.2619; -57.5198

The Canje River (sometimes referred to as Canje Creek), located in northeastern Guyana, is the main tributary of the Berbice River. It runs roughly parallel to the Atlantic Ocean coast in East Berbice-Corentyne, region 6.

The settlement of Baracara is on the Canje. It was settled by escaped slaves in the 1800s, and the river is still an important mode of transportation.
Alexians
The Alexians, or Cellites, officially named as the Congregation of Alexian Brothers (Latin: Congregatio Fratrum Cellitarum seu Alexianorum), abbreviated C.F.A., is a Catholic lay religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men, specifically devoted to caring for the sick. The congrgation has its origin in Europe at the time of the Black Death. Its members follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

Beguines and Beghards
The Beguines (/beɪˈɡiːnz, ˈbɛɡiːnz/) and the Beghards (/ˈbɛɡərdz, bəˈɡɑːrdz/) were Christian lay religious orders that were active in Western Europe, particularly in the Low Countries, in the 13th–16th centuries. Their members lived in semi-monastic communities but did not take formal religious vows. Although they promised not to marry "as long as they lived as Beguines", to quote an early Rule of Life, they were free to leave at any time. Beguines were part of a larger spiritual revival movement of the 13th century that stressed imitation of Jesus' life through voluntary poverty, care of the poor and sick, and religious devotion.
Actor model middle history
In computer science, the Actor model, first published in 1973 (Hewitt et al. 1973), is a mathematical model of concurrent computation.  This article reports on the middle history of the Actor model in which major themes were initial implementations, initial applications, and development of the first proof theory and denotational model.  It is the follow on article to Actor model early history which reports on the early history of the Actor model which concerned the basic development of the concepts.  The article Actor model later history reports on developments after the ones reported in this article.

Henry Baker (computer scientist)
Henry Givens Baker Jr. is an American computer scientist who has made contributions in garbage collection, functional programming languages, and linear logic. He was one of the founders of Symbolics, a company that designed and manufactured a line of Lisp machines. In 2006, he was recognized as an ACM Distinguished Member.

He is notable for his research in garbage collection, particularly Baker's real-time copying collector, and on the Actor model.

Baker received his B.Sc. (1969), S.M. (1973), E.E. (1973), and Ph.D. (1978) degrees at M.I.T.

The Chicken Scheme compiler was inspired by an innovative design of Baker's.
George Millyard
George Millyard (12 November 1814 – 20 July 1848) was an English professional cricketer who played from 1835 to 1842. He was a cousin of his Sussex colleagues Jem and William Broadbridge.

A left-handed batsman, occasional wicket-keeper and right arm medium pace roundarm bowler who was mainly associated with Sussex, he made 50 known appearances.  He was playing for Sussex when the county club was founded in 1839. He represented the Players in the Gentlemen v Players series and the South in the North v. South series.

Sussex county cricket team (pre-1839)
Until 1838, the Sussex county cricket team, always known as Sussex, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly by Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, in the first half of the 18th century, and by Brighton Cricket Club in the second half. The team played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Sussex County Cricket Club on 1 March 1839.
Burgäschisee
Burgäschisee is a lake near Aeschi in Switzerland, on the border of the cantons of Bern and Solothurn. The lake has a surface of 21 ha and a maximum depth of 36 m.

In 1941 and 1943, the water level was lowered by 2 m. The current surface elevation is 465 m.

Canton of Solothurn
The canton of Solothurn or canton of Soleure (German: Kanton Solothurn; Romansh: Chantun Soloturn; French: Canton de Soleure; Italian: Canton Soletta) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the northwest of Switzerland. The capital is Solothurn.
MMA 507
The Theban Tomb known as MMA 507 is located in Deir el-Bahari. It forms part of the Theban Necropolis, situated on the west bank of the Nile opposite Luxor. The tomb is the burial place of approximately 60 slain soldiers dating to the 12th Dynasty.

The tomb was discovered by Herbert Eustis Winlock in 1923. It is located near the tomb of Kheti, the chancellor. The tomb had been robbed in antiquity and a pile of dismembered remains was found. The soldiers died from arrow wounds. Winlock commented that none of the bodies showed the trauma of hand-to-hand combat. Names of the soldiers included Ameny, Sobekhotep, Sebeknakht, Intef, Intefoker, Mentuhotep, and Senusret. Winlock dated the tomb to the 11th Dynasty.

The date of the tomb was reassessed by Vogel. The current thinking is that the tomb dates to the 12th dynasty, likely from the time of Senusret I.

Theban Necropolis
The Theban Necropolis (Arabic: مدينة طيبة الجنائزية, romanized: Madīnat Ṭaybah al-Janāʼizīyah) is a necropolis on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes (Luxor) in Upper Egypt. It was used for ritual burials for much of the Pharaonic period, especially during the New Kingdom.
Aksi
Aksi (also known as Väike-Prangli (Little Prangli) or Äksi) (Swedish: Lilla Wrangelsö) is an Estonian island in the Gulf of Finland with an area of 59 hectares. Coordinates are  It forms an archipelago with nearby islands of Prangli and Keri. Aksi belongs to Idaotsa village in Viimsi Parish, Harju County.

Aksi is a part of the Prangli Landscape Conservation Area. The island's northern end is stony, its southern end is sandy and covered with junipers and birches.

Aksi was inhabited from 1790 to 1953, when the last inhabitants were forced to leave by the Soviet border guard. Many had fled already in 1944, mainly to Sweden.

The family that lived there was Aksberg.
There is a lighthouse which was built in 1986.

Harju County
Harju County (Estonian: Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla County to the south, and Lääne County to the southwest. The capital and largest city of Estonia, Tallinn, is located in Harju County. Harju is the largest county in Estonia in terms of population, as almost half (45%) of Estonia's population lives in Harju County.
Jacques Rivière
Jacques Rivière (French pronunciation: [ʒak ʁivjɛʁ]; 15 July 1886 – 14 February 1925) was a French "man of letters"—a writer, critic and editor who was "a major force in the intellectual life of France in the period immediately following World War I". He edited the magazine La Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF) from 1919 until his death. He was influential in winning a general public acceptance of Marcel Proust as an important writer. His friend and brother-in-law was Alain-Fournier (Henri Alban-Fournier), with whom he exchanged an abundant correspondence.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.
3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase
In enzymology, a 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3-hydroxybenzoate + AH2 + O2  2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H2O

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 3-hydroxybenzoate, an electron acceptor AH2, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, the reduction product A, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derive from O miscellaneous.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-hydroxybenzoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-hydroxylase, and 3-HBA-2-hydroxylase.  This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.