hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lab-on-a-chip
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit (commonly called a "chip") of only millimeters to a few square centimeters to achieve automation and high-throughput screening. LOCs can handle extremely small fluid volumes down to less than pico-liters. Lab-on-a-chip devices are a subset of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices and sometimes called "micro total analysis systems" (μTAS). LOCs may use microfluidics, the physics, manipulation and study of minute amounts of fluids. However, strictly regarded "lab-on-a-chip" indicates generally the scaling of single or multiple lab processes down to chip-format, whereas "μTAS" is dedicated to the integration of the total sequence of lab processes to perform chemical analysis.

High-throughput screening
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method for scientific discovery especially used in drug discovery and relevant to the fields of biology, materials science and chemistry. Using robotics, data processing/control software, liquid handling devices, and sensitive detectors, high-throughput screening allows a researcher to quickly conduct millions of chemical, genetic, or pharmacological tests. Through this process one can quickly recognize active compounds, antibodies, or genes that modulate a particular biomolecular pathway. The results of these experiments provide starting points for drug design and for understanding the noninteraction or role of a particular location.
HMS Anglesea (1694)
HMS Anglesea (referred to as HMS Anglesey on occasion) was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Plymouth in 1694, although not ordered from the dockyard, but as a commercial contract with Mr Flint, with labour and materials supplied from the dockyard by the Master Shipwright, Elias Waffe. She was ordered on 17 February 1692 (the same day as her sister Portland, which was built at Woolwich Dockyard).

Anglesea, under the command of Captain James Litteton between 1698 and 1701, was one of four ships sent to Madagascar on an anti-piracy mission under Thomas Warren in 1699.

Anglesea was reduced to a 40-gun fifth rate in 1719, and underwent a rebuild from then until 1725 at Chatham Dockyard.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Nkongsamba
Nkongsamba is a city in western Cameroon. It is in the Moungo department, which is in the Littoral. As of the 2005 Census, the city had a population of 104,050.  It is a centre for the farming of palm oil, bananas and coffee, and is between two mountains, the Manengouba Massif (2,396 metres (7,861 ft)) and Mount Nlonako. The central point is the "Ville"; other areas are measured in "Kilo", for kilometer. Mbo (Manenguba) is one of the languages used locally: in the surrounding district, Kaa and Baneka are used.

Manenguba languages
The Manenguba languages, also known as the Mbo cluster, are a group of closely related Bantu languages spoken on and around the Manenguba mountain range in south-western Cameroon.

The people speaking the various Manenguba languages belong to the following tribes or nations: Mienge, Mbo,
Basossi, Bakossi, Elung, Nninong, Mousmenam, Manengouba, Bareko, Manehas, Bakaka, Balondo, Babong and Bafun. The population speaking the Manenguba languages was estimated in 1984 to be about 230,000 people.

According to Hedinger (1984a), there are at least 23 different Manenguba languages and dialects. The best known of these, and the first to have a grammar written for it, is Akoose, spoken in a wide area to the west of the mountain.
Trelawny (surname)
Trelawny or Trelawney is a habitational surname that originated in Cornwall. The family are said to have descended from Haemlin, who held several manors from Robert, Count of Mortain, according to the Domesday Book.

Robert, Count of Mortain
Robert, Count of Mortain, 1st Earl of Cornwall of 2nd creation (c. 1031–c. 1095) was a Norman nobleman and the half-brother (on their mother's side) of King William the Conqueror. He was one of the very few proven companions of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, and as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 was one of the greatest landholders in his half-brother's new Kingdom of England.
Listed buildings in Bramhope
Bramhope is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.  It contains 20 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Bramhope and the surrounding countryside.  Of the listed buildings, nine are mileposts, and the others include houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, a chapel and a church, the north portal of Bramhope Tunnel and a sighting tower used in the construction of the tunnel, and a gazebo.

Gazebo
A gazebo is a pavilion structure, sometimes octagonal or turret-shaped, often built in a park, garden, or spacious public area. Some are used on occasions as bandstands.

In British English, the word is also used for a tent-like canopy with open sides to provide shelter from sun and rain at outdoor events.
1904 Colgate football team
The 1904 Colgate football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1904 college football season. In its second season under head coach Buck O'Neill, the team compiled an 8–1–1 record. F. Gorham Brigham was the team captain. The team played its home games on Whitnall Field in Hamilton, New York.

1904 college football season
The 1904 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan, Minnesota, and Penn as having been selected national champions.

1904 was a big year for the South. It was the first year for: Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt, Mike Donahue at Auburn, and John Heisman at Georgia Tech.
Kent Lambert
Kent Douglas Lambert is a former legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. A United States Air Force veteran, Lambert was elected to the Colorado General Assembly as a Republican in 2006. Most recently, he represented Senate District 9, which encompasses northwest Colorado Springs, the United States Air Force Academy, Monument and Black Forest.

Bill Ritter
August William Ritter Jr. (born September 6, 1956) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 41st Governor of Colorado from 2007 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the district attorney for Denver before his election to the governorship in 2006.

Ritter was the first Colorado-born person to be elected as Governor of Colorado since 1975, as well as being the first Democratic officeholder in 50 years to serve with a Democratic majority in the Colorado General Assembly. Ritter did not run for a second term in 2010, citing family reasons. He supported fellow Democrat John Hickenlooper, who was elected to the governorship.
Veronica Kay
Veronica Kay (born December 8, 1980) was a professional surfer and is a model from La Jolla, California. Kay started surfing at the age of 13 and eventually became the 1997 champion of the National Scholastic Surfing Association. 
She was a participant in the reality tv show Boarding House: North Shore and has been endorsed by many companies such as Roxy and Gravity Skateboards. In 2002, she was ranked #75 in Stuff Magazine's list of 102 Sexiest Women in the World. She has also been featured in numerous other magazines such as Seventeen, Teen People, Surfer, Surfing Girl, Men’s Journal, Sports Fitness and Maxim. Despite having been one of the most well known female surfers, she failed to win any major titles on the pro circuit and is currently no longer competing.

La Jolla
La Jolla (/lə ˈhɔɪə/ la HOY-uh, Latin American Spanish: [la ˈxoʝa]) is a hilly, seaside community planning area in San Diego, California, occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean.

La Jolla is located 12 miles (19 km) north of downtown San Diego and 45 miles (72 km) south of the Orange County line. The neighborhood's border borders Pacific Beach to the south and extends along the shoreline north to include Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve ending at Del Mar.

La Jolla is home to the University of California, San Diego, the Birch Aquarium, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Scripps Research, and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
Perak (headdress)
A perak is a headdress typically worn by the old aristocracy in the Himalayan Ladakh region of Asia. It is composed of a strap of leather studded with semi-precious stones, such as lapis lazuli and turquoise.

Turquoise
Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone for millennia due to its hue.

The robin egg blue or sky blue color of the Persian turquoise mined near the modern city of Nishapur, Iran, has been used as a guiding reference for evaluating turquoise quality.

Like most other opaque gems, turquoise has been devalued by the introduction of treatments, imitations, and synthetics into the market.
Sanada Ten Braves
The Sanada Ten Braves (真田十勇士, Sanada Jūyūshi; also known as the Ten Heroes of Sanada) are a fictional group of ninja that assisted the warlord Sanada Yukimura during the Warring States era of Japan; that is, the late Sengoku period and its immediate aftermath, also known as the Azuchi–Momoyama and the early Edo periods.

The Sanada story first became well known through Sanada Sandaiki, a novel published in the late Edo period. Later Tatsukawa Bunko published two novels in the Taishō period: Sarutobi Sasuke and The Sanada Ten Braves.

Ninja
A ninja (忍者; English: /ˈnɪndʒə/, Japanese: [ɲiꜜɲ.dʑa]), shinobi no mono (忍の者; Japanese: [ɕi.no.bʲi no mo.noꜜ]) or shinobi (忍び; Japanese: [ɕi.no.bʲi]) was a spy and infiltrator in pre-modern Japan. Antecedents may have existed as early as the 12th century. Current legends to the contrary, there is little evidence that they were assassins.

In the unrest of the Sengoku period, the jizamurai, peasant-warriors in Iga Province and the adjacent Kōka District, formed ikki – "revolts" or "leagues" – as a means of self-defense. They became known for their military activities in the nearby regions and sold their services as mercenaries and spies. Following the Tokugawa shogunate in the 17th century, the ninja faded into obscurity.
Liz Berube
Elizabeth Safian Berube (January 7, 1943 – January 15, 2021) was an American comic book artist, best known as a romance comics artist for DC Comics in the 1970s. Simply signing her work "Elizabeth," her modern, stylized art was used to illustrate fashion features, horoscope pages, tables of contents, and other various ornamental pieces. She was also a prolific colorist, first for Archie Comics and later for DC. Throughout her career she worked on children’s books, greeting cards, and other commissioned work.

Table of contents
A table of contents (or simply contents, abbreviated as TOC), is a list usually part of the front matter preceding the main text of a book or other written work containing the titles of the text's sections, sometimes with descriptions.
1991 CONCACAF Women's Championship
The 1991 CONCACAF Women's Championship was the first staging of the CONCACAF Women's Championship, the international women's association football tournament for North American, Central American and Caribbean nations organized by CONCACAF. The tournament took place in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, between 18 and 27 April 1991 and consisted of eight national teams. The matches were 80 minutes long.

The United States won the tournament after defeating Canada 5–0 in the final match. They became CONCACAF's single qualifier for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup, which was hosted by China in November and ended with a U.S. victory.

CONCACAF W Championship
The CONCACAF W Championship is a women's association football competition for national teams organized by the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) that often serves as the qualifying competition to the Women's World Cup, and recently the Olympics.  In years when the tournament has been held outside the World Cup qualifying cycle, non-CONCACAF members have been invited. CONCACAF is the governing body for football for North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The most successful country has been the United States, winning their ninth title in 2022.
The Old Mill (Nantucket, Massachusetts)
The Old Mill is a historic windmill located at 50 Prospect Street in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Built in 1746, it is the oldest functioning mill in the United States. The mill is owned and operated by the Nantucket Historical Association as a museum. It is a contributing property of the Nantucket Historic District. In 1992, it was also designated as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Nantucket
Nantucket (/ˌnænˈtʌkɪt/) is an island in Massachusetts, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) south of the Cape Cod peninsula. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a combined county/town government.  Nantucket is the southeasternmost town in both Massachusetts and the New England region. The name "Nantucket" is adapted from similar Algonquian names for the island.

Nantucket is a tourist destination and summer colony. Due to tourists and seasonal residents, the population of the island increases to around 80,000 during the summer months. The average sale price for a single-family home was $2.3 million in the first quarter of 2018.

The National Park Service cites Nantucket, designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1966, as being the "finest surviving architectural and environmental example of a late 18th- and early 19th-century New England seaport town."
2023 Copa Colsanitas – Singles
Defending champion Tatjana Maria defeated Peyton Stearns in the final, 6–3, 2–6, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Copa Colsanitas. Maria became the first player since Fabiola Zuluaga in 2004 to successfully defend the singles title at Bogota. Stearns was contesting her first WTA Tour final.

Harmony Tan
Harmony Tan (born 11 September 1997) is a French professional tennis player.

Tan has career-high WTA rankings of 90 in singles and 302 in doubles. She has won 12 singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit.
George Fest
George Fest – subtitled A Night to Celebrate the Music of George Harrison – is a live album and concert DVD package documenting the George Fest tribute concert to former Beatle George Harrison, held at the Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles on 28 September 2014. The album and documentary were released on 26 February 2016.

The 2014 concert coincided with the reissue of Harrison's Apple Records solo albums. Among the many performers were Brian Wilson and Al Jardine of the Beach Boys, Dhani Harrison, Norah Jones, Wayne Coyne and Steven Drozd of the Flaming Lips, Conan O'Brien, Spoon's Britt Daniel, and Brandon Flowers of the Killers. Other performers included Ben Harper, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Ann Wilson of Heart, and Ian Astbury.

Ian Astbury
Ian Robert Astbury (born 14 May 1962) is a British singer, best known as the lead vocalist, frontman and a founding member of the rock band the Cult. During various hiatuses from the Cult, Astbury fronted the short-lived band Holy Barbarians in 1996, and later from 2002 to 2007 served as the lead singer of Doors of the 21st century, a Doors tribute band that also featured original Doors members Ray Manzarek and Robby Krieger.
Astbury replaced Rob Tyner during an MC5 reunion in 2003, and has contributed guest vocals on several recordings by other artists.
Judith Matloff
Judith Matloff (born March 25, 1958) is an American writer, journalism professor and media safety advocate. Her books are How to Drag a Body and Other Safety Tips You Hope to Never Need (2020), No Friends but the Mountains (2017), Home Girl (2008), and Fragments of a Forgotten War (1997).

She teaches conflict reporting at the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism and previously served as the Africa and Moscow bureau chief for the Christian Science Monitor. Her writing has appeared in the New York Times Magazine and Book Review, The Economist, the Financial Times, Newsweek, the Sunday Telegraph, the Dallas Morning News and Columbia Journalism Review, among other places.

Columbia Journalism Review
The Columbia Journalism Review (CJR) is a biannual magazine for professional journalists that has been published by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism since 1961. Its original purpose was "to assess the performance of journalism in all its forms, to call attention to its shortcomings and strengths, and to help define—or redefine—standards of honest, responsible service." The CJR's contents include news and media industry trends, analysis, professional ethics, and stories behind news.

In 2015, the CJR announced that the publishing frequency of the print magazine was being reduced from six to two issues per year in order to focus on its digital operations.
Dano-Swedish War (1813–1814)
The Dano-Swedish War of 1813–1814 also referred to as Charles John's campaign against Denmark, or as the War for Norway (Danish: Kampen om Norge) was the Coalition campaign against Denmark-Norway led by the Swedish crown prince Charles John, and it was the last major conflict between Denmark and Sweden. The war was a part of Sweden's campaign against the French Empire, who after defeating the French at The Battle of the Nations turned its attention to Napoleon's last ally Denmark–Norway. Denmark was invaded through its German duchies, which later became occupied. In the peace treaty Denmark was forced to give Norway to Sweden, ending the 400-year personal union between them.

Holstein
Holstein (/ˈhoʊlstaɪn/; German: [ˈhɔlʃtaɪn] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Holsteen; Danish: Holsten; Latin: Holsatia) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is the southern half of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany.

Holstein once existed as the German County of Holstein (German: Grafschaft Holstein; 811–1474), the later Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; 1474–1866), and was the northernmost territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Holstein is closely intertwined with the history of the Danish Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Slesvig). The capital of Holstein is Kiel.

Holstein's name comes from the Holcetae, a Saxon tribe mentioned by Adam of Bremen as living on the north bank of the Elbe, to the west of Hamburg. The name means "dwellers in the wood" or "hill-sitters" (Northern Low Saxon: Hol(t)saten; German: Holzsassen).
Miracle on the Mountain
The Miracle on the Mountain was a college football game in 2002 that took place between the Furman Paladins and Appalachian State Mountaineers on October 12. The game, which took place in Kidd Brewer Stadium, resulted in a 16–15 Appalachian State victory. The game is remembered for the botched two-point conversion attempt that cost Furman the game. It is considered one of the greatest games in Appalachian State History and the Appalachian State-Furman rivalry.

Furman Paladins football
The Furman Paladins football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Furman University located in the state of South Carolina. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as members of the Southern Conference (SoCon). The school's first football team was fielded in 1889. The 1902 team won a state championship. The team plays its home games at the 16,000 seat Paladin Stadium in Greenville, South Carolina.

The 1988 Furman Paladins football team, coached by Jimmy Satterfield, won the NCAA Division I Football Championship. Clay Hendrix, who was a member of that championship team, has served as the team's head coach since 2017.
G16 Dandong–Xilinhot Expressway
The Dandong–Xilinhot Expressway (Chinese: 丹东—锡林浩特高速公路), designated as G16 and commonly referred to as the Danxi Expressway (Chinese: 丹锡高速公路) is an expressway that connects the cities of Dandong, Liaoning, China, and Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia. When fully complete, it will be 960 km (600 mi) in length.

Currently, the expressway is complete between Dandong and Baarin Right Banner.

Bairin Right Banner
Bairin Right Banner (Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 巴林右旗) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, 143 kilometres (89 mi) to the south-southeast. Baarin Mongols live here. The distinct Mongolian dialect of this region is Baarin Mongolian.
Reprimand
A reprimand is a severe, formal or official reproof.  Reprimanding takes in different forms in different legal systems. A reprimand in custody may be a formal legal action issued by a government agency or professional governing board (e.g. medical board, bar council). It may also be an administrative warning issued by an employer or school. A judge might reprimand a person in court if they have violated their release order or bail status, and place them back in custody.

Bar council
A bar council (Irish: Comhairle an Bharra) or bar association, in a common law jurisdiction with a legal profession split between solicitors and barristers or advocates, is a professional body that regulates the profession of barristers. In such jurisdictions, solicitors are generally regulated by the law society.

In common law jurisdictions with no distinction between barristers and solicitors (i.e. where there is a "fused profession"), the professional body may be called variously a Law Society, Bar Council or a bar association.
Avinov Choudhury
Avinov Choudhury (born 1 December 1999) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Assam in domestic cricket. He is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler.

He made his List A debut for Assam in the 2022–23 Vijay Hazare Trophy against Rajasthan on 12 November 2022. He made his Twenty20 debut on 18 October 2022, against Railways in the 2022–23 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.

Rajasthan cricket team
The Rajasthan cricket team is a cricket team which represents the Indian state of Rajasthan. The team won the Ranji Trophy in the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, having finished runners-up eight times between 1960–61 and 1973-74. It is currently in the Ranji Trophy Elite group. It is run by the Rajasthan Cricket Association and is popularly known as "Team Rajasthan".
Jean-Paul Cabana
Jean-Paul Cabana from Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, is a Canadian race car driver. He is considered the King of Stock Car Racing in Quebec and was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 2001 and into the New England Auto Racers Hall of Fame in 2007.

he was twice winner of the "Milk Bowl" race at Thunder Road International Speedbowl, in 1973 and 1987, track champion at Thunder Road in 1971 and 1980 and track champion at Catamount Stadium, Vermont, in 1971 and 1974.

He had 25 wins in the ACT Pro Stock Tour between 1981 and 1990.

Thunder Road International SpeedBowl
Thunder Road International Speedbowl, more commonly known as just Thunder Road, is a .25-mile (0.40 km) high-banked, paved short track speedway located in the town of Barre, Vermont. The track was founded by Ken Squier in 1960  and sold by Squier and co-owner Tom Curley in the spring of 2017 to former Thunder Road track champion Cris Michaud and local businessman Pat Malone. Currently, Thunder Road hosts three weekly championship divisions: Late Models, Flying Tigers, and Street Stocks along with the non-point Road Warrior class. The track is known for hosting its weekly races on Thursday night and  as of April 2020 it was one of three active race tracks in Vermont.