hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reed reaction
The Reed reaction is a chemical reaction that utilizes light to oxidize hydrocarbons to alkylsulfonyl chlorides. This reaction is employed in modifying polyethylene to give  chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), which is noted for its toughness.

Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm).

In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. It is also responsible for the appearance of DNA mutations leading to skin cancers.

Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. Photochemical paths access high-energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes.  Photochemistry can also be destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics.
Elizabeth Deane
Elizabeth Deane is a writer, producer and director of documentary films for PBS, specializing in American history. She is best known for Vietnam: A Television History, described by the New York Times as "a landmark in television journalism", and  Rock & Roll, both programs received Peabody awards, and her many films for the PBS series American Experience. Her other works include presidential politics, biographies, and musical history.

Vietnam: A Television History
Vietnam: A Television History (1983) is a 13-part documentary mini-series about the Vietnam War (1955–1975) from the perspective of the United States. It was produced for public television by WGBH-TV in Boston, Central Independent Television of the UK and Antenne-2 of France. It was originally broadcast on PBS between October 4 and December 20, 1983.

Later, it was rebroadcast as part of the PBS series American Experience from May 26 to July 28, 1997. However, only 11 of the 13 original episodes were rebroadcast. Episodes 2 and 13 were dropped.

Vietnam: A Television History was the most successful documentary produced by PBS up to the time of initial broadcast. Nearly 9% of American households watched the initial episode, and an average of 9.7 million viewers watched each of the 13 episodes. A rebroadcast in the summer of 1984 garnered roughly a 4% share in the five largest U.S. television markets.
Phursumba Sherpa
Phursumba Sherpa (February 14, 1944 – October 20, 2025)
was an Indian mountaineer, instructor, Arctic explorer, and Alpine Guide. His career included work in the Himalayas, the Arctic Circle, and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. He was one of the early instructors at the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute (HMI) in Darjeeling and later became one of the first Sherpa climbing guides in North America with RMI Expeditions, also known as Rainier Mountaineering, Inc (RMI). His work bridged Himalayan climbing traditions with Western alpine climbing and outdoor education.

Tenzing Norgay
Tenzing Norgay GM OSN (/ˈtɛnzɪŋ ˈnɔːrɡeɪ/; Sherpa: བསྟན་འཛིན་ནོར་རྒྱས tendzin norgyé; May 1914 – 9 May 1986), born Namgyal Wangdi, and also referred to as Sherpa Tenzing, was a Nepalese-Indian Sherpa mountaineer. On 29 May 1953, he and Edmund Hillary were the first confirmed to have reached the summit of Mount Everest, as part of the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition. Time named Norgay one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
Kate Klise
Catherine "Kate" Klise (born April 13, 1963) is an American writer known for children's fiction. Many of her books are illustrated by her sister, M. Sarah Klise. Their popular Regarding series is presented in a scrapbook format, with letters, journal entries, and related ephemera telling the story. She is also known for her picture books as well as the bestselling 43 Old Cemetery Road series. Klise's first adult novel, In the Bag, was released in 2012. She is a contributor to The Huffington Post.

Scrapbooking
Scrapbooking is a method of preserving, presenting, and arranging personal and family history in the form of a book, box, or card. Typical memorabilia include photographs, printed media, and artwork. Scrapbook albums are often decorated and frequently contain extensive journal entries or written descriptions. Scrapbooking can also be incorporated into therapy and can help individuals cope with trauma or grief. Scrapbooking started in the United Kingdom in the nineteenth century.
HMS Ambrose (1914)
HMS Ambrose was a steamship that was built in 1903 as a passenger liner. The Booth Steam Ship Company ran her scheduled on services between Liverpool and Brazil until the First World War.

Ambrose was converted into a Royal Navy armed merchant cruiser (AMC) in 1914–15 and then into a submarine depot ship in 1917. After the First World War she supported Royal Navy submarines in the Far East from 1919 until 1928, when she was laid up in the Reserve Fleet.

In 1938 Ambrose was renamed HMS Cochrane and converted into a destroyer depot ship. Cochrane survived the Second World War and was scrapped in 1946.

Destroyer tender
A destroyer tender or destroyer depot ship is a type of depot ship: an auxiliary ship designed to provide maintenance support to a flotilla of destroyers or other small warships. The use of this class has faded from its peak in the first half of the 20th century as the roles and weaponry of small combatants have evolved (in conjunction with technological advances in propulsion reliability and efficiency).
Wouldham to Detling Escarpment
Wouldham to Detling Escarpment is a 311.2-hectare (769-acre) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest which stretches from Wouldham to Detling, north of Maidstone in Kent. Part of it is a Geological Conservation Review site, and it is part of the North Downs Woodlands Special Area of Conservation and the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I and it includes three Kent Wildlife Trust nature reserves and a Local Nature Reserve,

This stretch of chalk escarpment has woodland, unimproved grassland and scrub. Plants include the nationally rare meadow clary and there are several scarce invertebrates. There are many Mesozoic fossil fishes in an excellent state of preservation.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
HMS James Watt
HMS James Watt was a 91-gun second rate steam and sail-powered Agamemnon-class ship of the line built for the Royal Navy during the 1850s. Completed in 1854, she served in the Crimean War of 1854–1855. The ship was sold for scrap in 1875.

Second-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a second-rate was a ship of the line which by the start of the 18th century mounted 90 to 98 guns on three gun decks; earlier 17th-century second rates had fewer guns and were originally two-deckers or had only partially armed third gun decks. A "second rate" was the second largest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.

They were essentially smaller and hence cheaper versions of the 100-gun first-rates. Like the first rates, they fought in the line of battle, but unlike the first rates, which were considered too valuable to risk in distant stations, the second rates often served also in major overseas stations as flagships. They had a reputation for poor handling and slow sailing. They were popular as flagships of admirals commanding the Windward and/or Leeward Islands station, which was usually a Rear-admiral of the red.
Fantastic Dizzy
Fantastic Dizzy (The Fantastic Adventures of Dizzy on NES) is a 1991 video game developed by Codemasters. It is part of the Dizzy series. It was published on several platforms, including Mega Drive/Genesis, Master System, Game Gear, Nintendo Entertainment System, Amiga, and MS-DOS.

The game was planned to be released in time for Christmas in 1990. However, because of a legal action between Codemasters and Nintendo over the Game Genie the title was released in April 1991; as a result, the game missed the Christmas rush it was originally slated for. It sold 125,000 units instead of the expected 500,000. The game was awarded the "NES Adventure Game of the Year 1991" by Game Players Magazine and given the Parents Choice Award. Almost all of puzzles are from the previous games. The game is one of the seven games released for the Aladdin Deck Enhancer.

Game Genie
The Game Genie was a line of video game accessories that allowed players to alter codes transmitted between game cartridges and a video game console, known informally as a cheat cartridge. Developed by Codemasters and distributed by Galoob in the U.S. and Camerica in Canada, it debuted in 1990 for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), with later versions for the Super NES, Game Boy, Sega Genesis, and Game Gear.

The device was central to the 1992 landmark case Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc., where the court ruled that Game Genie did not infringe on Nintendo’s copyrights, as it did not create a permanent derivative work or impact game sales. The decision helped establish reverse engineering as fair use in the United States.

Despite selling five million units worldwide, plans for a "Game Genie 2" never materialized, and no versions were made for later consoles. Similar devices, such as Action Replay, Code Breaker and GameShark, later filled its role.
Bundesautobahn 281
53°04′54″N 8°43′28″E﻿ / ﻿53.081765°N 8.724435°E﻿ / 53.081765; 8.724435

Bundesautobahn 281 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 281, short form Autobahn 281, abbreviated as BAB 281 or A 281) is an autobahn in Bremen in northwestern Germany. The first part was opened in 1995, parts near the Bremen Airport are currently under construction. A second Weser tunnel will be part of the project, presumably being financed as a toll road and built by a private contractor.

Weser Tunnel
The Wesertunnel crosses the river Weser in northwestern Germany between the villages of Rodenkirchen and Dedesdorf, offering a connection between the cities of Nordenham and Bremerhaven on a regional level.

It was built from 1998 to 2004 and connects the districts of Wesermarsch and Cuxhaven by means of the B 437, providing easy access to the A 27 motorway and the B 212.

In the long run it will be part of the planned A 22, 2010 renamed A 20 as prospective part of the Ostsee- or Küstenautobahn (Baltic or Coastal Freeway).

53°26′07″N 8°29′39″E﻿ / ﻿53.43528°N 8.49417°E﻿ / 53.43528; 8.49417
Oriani
Oriani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Oriani (1852–1909), Italian author

Barnaba Oriani, Italian priest and astronomer

Carlo Oriani, Italian cyclist

Constanza Oriani, Argentine fencer

Mario Oriani-Ambrosini, Italian-American lawyer

Richard Oriani, American chemist

Alfredo Oriani
Alfredo Oriani (Italian: [alˈfreːdo oˈrjaːni]; 22 August 1852 in Faenza – 18 October 1909 in Casola Valsenio) was an Italian author, writer and social critic. He is often considered a precursor of Fascism, and in 1940 his books were placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum of the Catholic Church.
Nang!
Nang! is a general interest magazine based in Aldgate, London. Aimed at 14- to 21-year-olds, the magazine is free and is distributed at sixth forms colleges, universities, libraries and Connexions centres in the London area on a quarterly basis. In December 2006, Nang! was presented with one of the Philip Lawrence Awards for services to the local community.

Aldgate
Aldgate (/ˈɔːlɡeɪt/) was a gate in the former defensive wall around the City of London.

The gate gave its name to Aldgate High Street, the first stretch of the A11 road, that takes that name as it passes through the ancient, extramural Portsoken Ward of the City of London.

There is an ancient Aldgate Ward inside the line of the former gate and wall, and a similarly ancient Portsoken Ward that lies just outside of it. However the use of the Aldgate and Portsoken Wards as everyday place names is very limited.

Consequently, the use of Aldgate as a place name is informal, and typically applies to the Portsoken Ward, especially the central area around Aldgate High Street.

Aldgate High Street is 2.3 miles (3.7 km) east of Charing Cross.
Syksey
Syksey (fl. 1840–1849) was the pseudonym of an American criminal and member of the Bowery Boys. He was supposedly the lieutenant and longtime companion to Mose the Fireboy during the 1840s, often the storyteller of his feats, and is credited for coining the phrase "hold 'de but", a common expression used during the mid-to late 19th century meaning to borrow a dead cigar or to "bum a smoke". He was later portrayed in Benjamin Baker's play Mose, the Bowery B'hoy which performed at the old Olympic Theater in 1849 and later toured throughout the United States during the late 1840s and 50s. His pseudonym may have been derived from Bill Sikes, the sidekick of gang leader Fagin from Oliver Twist.

Bill Sikes
William Sikes is a fictional character and one of the main antagonists (alongside Monks) in the 1838 novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. Sikes is a malicious criminal in Fagin's gang, and a vicious robber and murderer. Throughout much of the novel Sikes is shadowed by his “bull-terrier” dog Bull's-eye.
Brita Bratland
Brita Bratland (12 October 1910 – 24 August 1975) was a Norwegian folk singer. She was born in Vinje, and was granddaughter of folk singer Margit Tveiten, and great-granddaughter of traditional singer Halvor Gugarden (1792–1879).

Bratland learned most of her song repertoire from her grandmother during her childhood. She recorded 167 songs for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, starting from 1958. She is regarded as an important source for traditional songs from Vest-Telemark. Among singers inspired by her are Agnes Buen Garnås, Ellen Nordstoga, Kirsten Bråten Berg and Arve Moen Bergset.

Agnes Buen Garnås
Agnes Buen Garnås (23 October 1946 – 12 November 2024) was a Norwegian folk singer from the county of Telemark. She came from a famous musical family from Jondalen in Gransherad Municipality (now in Kongsberg Municipality), and was known particularly for her singing of ancient unaccompanied Norwegian ballads, as well as her updated arrangements of these songs in collaboration with the Norwegian saxophonist Jan Garbarek on the ECM album Rosensfole.

From 1975 to 1977, she studied at the Telemark University College.

Other family members who are well known as traditional musicians include her brothers, Hauk Buen and Knut Buen, and her son Per Anders Buen Garnås.

Buen Garnås died in Notodden on 12 November 2024, at the age of 78.
Robert Doisneau
Robert Doisneau (French: [ʁɔbɛʁ dwano]; 14 April 1912 – 1 April 1994) was a French photographer. From the 1930s, he photographed the streets of Paris. He was a champion of humanist photography and, with Henri Cartier-Bresson, a pioneer of photojournalism.

Doisneau is known for his 1950 image Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville (The Kiss by the City Hall), a photograph of a couple kissing on a busy Parisian street.

He was appointed a Chevalier (Knight) of the Legion of Honour in 1984 by then French president, François Mitterrand.

Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (French: [bulɔɲ bijɑ̃kuʁ] ⓘ; often colloquially simply Boulogne, until 1924 officially Boulogne-sur-Seine, [bulɔɲ syʁ sɛn], lit. 'Boulogne-on-Seine') is a wealthy and prestigious commune in the western inner suburbs of Paris, France, located 8.2 km (5 mi) from the centre of Paris at Notre Dame. It is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and thus the seat of the larger arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt. It is also part of the Métropole du Grand Paris. Boulogne-Billancourt includes one island in the Seine: Île Seguin.

Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the wealthiest regions in the Parisian area and in France. Formerly an important industrial site, it has successfully reconverted into business services and is now home to major communication companies headquartered in the Val de Seine business district.
UPEI Panthers women's basketball
The UPEI Panthers women's basketball team represents the University of Prince Edward Island in the Atlantic University Sport conference of U Sports women's basketball. The Panthers have the fourth-most Atlantic Conference Championships (six), with their most recent for the 2019–20 season. The 2019–20 team also won the bronze medal at the 2020 U Sports Women's Basketball Championship.

Atlantic University Sport
Atlantic University Sport (AUS; French: Sport universitaire de l'Atlantique) is a regional membership association for universities in Atlantic Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media.  This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. The AUS, which covers Canada east of the province of Quebec, is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics (OUA), the Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CW), and the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).
Khanewal Junction railway station
Khanewal Junction Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: خانیوال جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in the city of Khanewal, Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a major railway station of Pakistan Railways and the junction of Khanewal-Wazirabad branch railway line. It is the stop for all Express trains.

The station is staffed and has advance and current reservation offices. Food stalls are also located on it platforms.

Junction (rail)
A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. The physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge) is provided by turnouts (US: switches) and signalling.
Peake Wood
Peake Wood is a 17.7-hectare (44-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Petersfield in Hampshire.

This is a prime example of a hazel and ash wood on calcareous soils. There is also a variety of other trees and a rich herb layer, which is dominated by bluebell and dog's mercury. Other plants include the rare star-of-Bethlehem and fly orchid.

The site is private land with no public access.

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana, the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. The shrubs usually grow 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall. The nut is round, in contrast to the longer filbert nut. Common hazel is native to Europe and Western Asia.

The species is mainly cultivated for its nuts. The name 'hazelnut' applies to the nuts of any species in the genus Corylus, but in commercial contexts usually describes C. avellana. This hazelnut or cob nut, the kernel of the seed, is edible and used raw, roasted, or ground into a paste. Historically, the shrub was an important component of the hedgerows used as field boundaries in lowland England. The wood was grown as coppice, with the poles used for wattle-and-daub building and agricultural fencing.
Hex map
A hex map, hex board, or hex grid is a game board design commonly used in simulation games of all scales, including wargames, role-playing games, and strategy games in both board games and video games. A hex map is subdivided into a hexagonal tiling, small regular hexagons of identical size.

Hexagon
In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek ἕξ, hex, meaning "six", and γωνία, gonía, meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.
Cyborg IV
Cyborg IV is a science fiction/secret agent novel by Martin Caidin that was first published in 1975. It was the fourth and final book in a series of novels Caidin began in 1972 with Cyborg, profiling the adventures of astronaut Steve Austin, who becomes a spy for the American government after an accident that requires the replacement of numerous body parts with high-powered machines.

Cyborg IV was published after Caidin's original novel was adapted into a television series entitled The Six Million Dollar Man. Confusingly, its first paperback publication by Warner Books was issued as Volume 6 in Warners' Six Million Dollar Man book series (the only other Caidin work to be published in this series was High Crystal), even though Caidin's Cyborg continuity is separate from that of the other Six Million Dollar Man-branded novels by authors such as Mike Jahn and Jay Barbree which were novelizations based upon teleplays.

Novelization
A novelization (or novelisation) is a derivative novel that adapts the story of a work created for another medium, such as a film, TV series, stage play, comic book, or video game. Film novelizations were particularly popular before the advent of home video, but continue to find commercial success as part of marketing campaigns for major films. They are often written by accomplished writers based on an early draft of the film's script and on a tight deadline.
Strathcona Park, Calgary
Strathcona Park is a residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded by Bow Trail to the north, Sarcee Trail to the east, Strathcona Drive and the community of Christie Park to the south and Strathcona Park Blvd to the west. Strathcona Park lies in the center of the neighbourhood.

The land was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1956 from the Municipal District of Rocky View. Strathcona Park was established as a neighbourhood in 1980. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 6 councillor.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
Anatoli Šmigun
Anatoli Šmigun (born on 5 December 1952 in Zlatoust,  Chelyabinsk Oblast) is a cross-ski coach and former cross-skier.

He is the father of cross-skiers Kristina Šmigun and Katrin Šmigun.

1977-1982 he won 7 gold, 4 silver and 1 bronze medal in Estonian Skiing Championships.

1982-1986 he was All-Union coach of Dynamo Sports Club.

Awards:

1998: Estonian Coach of the Year

2006: Estonian Coach of the Year

2006: Order of the White Star, III class.

Estonian Coach of the Year
The Estonian Coach of the Year is chosen annually each December, since 1988. The winner is voted by a group of sports journalists, public, and sports associations. Skiing coach Mati Alaver has won the award a record five times.