hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Variational series
In statistics, a variational series is a non-decreasing sequence composed from an initial series of independent and identically distributed random variables . The members of the variational series form order statistics, which form the basis for nonparametric statistical methods.

is called the kth order statistic, while the values  and  (the 1st and th order statistics, respectively) are referred to as the extremal terms. The sample range is given by , and the sample median by  when  is odd and  when  is even.

The variational series serves to construct the empirical distribution function  , where  is the number of members of the series which are less than .  The empirical distribution  serves as an estimate of the true distribution  of the random variables, and according to the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem converges almost surely to .

Glivenko–Cantelli theorem
In the theory of probability, the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem (sometimes referred to as the fundamental theorem of statistics), named after Valery Ivanovich Glivenko and Francesco Paolo Cantelli, describes the asymptotic behaviour of the empirical distribution function as the number of independent and identically distributed observations grows. Specifically, the empirical distribution function converges uniformly to the true distribution function almost surely.

The uniform convergence of  more general empirical measures becomes an important property of the Glivenko–Cantelli classes of functions or sets.  The Glivenko–Cantelli classes arise in Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory, with applications to machine learning. Applications can be found in econometrics making use of M-estimators.
Dickson City, Pennsylvania
Dickson City is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, 4 miles (6 km) north of Scranton. Coal mining was an important industry in the past. The borough's population peaked at 12,395 in 1930 and was 6,051 at the 2020 census.

Fire department
A fire department (North American English) or fire brigade (Commonwealth English), also known as a fire company, fire authority, fire district, fire and rescue, fire force, or fire service in some areas, is an organization that provides fire prevention and fire suppression services as well as other rescue services.

Fire departments are most commonly a public sector organization that operate within a municipality, county, state, nation, or special district. Private and specialist firefighting organizations also exist, such as those for aircraft rescue and firefighting.

A fire department contains one or more fire stations within its boundaries, and may be staffed by firefighters, who may be professional, volunteers, conscripts, or on-call. Combination fire departments employ a mix of professional and volunteer firefighters. In some countries, fire departments may also run an ambulance service, staffed by volunteer or professional EMS personnel.
Fern House School
Fern House School, formerly Aylands School, is a mixed-sex special school in Freezywater, Enfield, London, United Kingdom, for children who have social, emotional or mental health difficulties. As of 2026, it has 72 pupils, and accepts children aged 5 to 16. All pupils have an education, health and care plan. The school is an academy, as part of the multi-academy trust Connect Education Trust.

Multi-academy trust
Multi-Academy Trust (MAT) or academy chain is an academy trust that operates more than one academy school. Academy schools are state-funded schools in England which are directly funded by the Department for Education and independent of local authority control. The terms of the arrangements are set out in individual Academy Funding Agreements. The group of schools in a multi-academy trust work together under a shared academy funding agreement.

BESA, the British Educational Suppliers Association  states that in November 2019 there are 1,170 Multi Academy Trusts in England that manage at least two schools: 598 have five or fewer schools, 259 have 6-11 schools, 85 have between 12-25 schools and 29 have 26 or more schools.
San Salvador de Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy (Spanish pronunciation: [san salβaˈðoɾ ðe xuˈxuj]), commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. Also, it is the seat of the Doctor Manuel Belgrano Department. It lies near the southern end of the Humahuaca Canyon where wooded hills meet the lowlands.

Its population at the 2001 census [INDEC] was 237,751 inhabitants. If its suburbs are included, this figure rises to around 300,000. The current mayor is Raúl Jorge.

National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina
The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, mostly known for its acronym INDEC) is an Argentine decentralized public body that operates within the Ministry of Economy, which leads all official statistical activities carried out in the country.

In February 2013, the International Monetary Fund censured Argentina for failing to report accurate inflation data. Political intervention in the INDEC figures ended, and the IMF declared in November 2016 that Argentine statistics were again in accordance with international standards.
Anonébéré
Anonébéré is a small town in Abanga-Bigne Department, Moyen-Ogooué Province, in northwestern Gabon. It lies south of Kango and to the west of the town the north-south  N1 road connects with the N2 road. It stands on the Ogooue River.

N1 road (Gabon)
The N1 road of Gabon is a 520-km road that runs from Libreville to Moumba that takes approximately 12 hours to drive. The portion of the road from Ndendé to the border with Congo-Brazzaville is traveled infrequently due to the instability in the latter country.  However, it usually takes approximately two hours to reach the border.

The N1 is paved until Ndendé.  Upon exiting that city, it becomes a dirt road.  It is difficult to travel during the rainy season (February through May) due to large puddles and deep mud.

A bush taxi (pick-up truck used as the primary mode of transportation in Gabon) may be taken from Libreville to Tchibanga for approximately 20,000 Central African francs.
Mohammad Omar Shairzaad
Mohammad Omar Shairzaad was selected to represent Kandahar Province in Afghanistan's Meshrano Jirga, the upper house of its National Legislature, in 2005.  A report on Kandahar prepared at the Navy Postgraduate School stated he is from the "head of the Esteqlal (Independence) movement", that he sits on the Petitions Committee, and that he has a bachelor's degree.

Esteqlal
Esteqlal (Persian: استقلال, also Romanized as Esteqlāl) is a village in Seyyed Abbas Rural District, Shavur District, Shush County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 621, in 100 families.
Myadestinae
Myadestinae (the turdid solitaires) are a subfamily of passerine birds in the family Turdidae. Members of this group have been noted by ornithologists to be rather unusual in that they lack the typical diagnostic traits seen in the "true" thrushes of the sister subfamily Turdinae. Examples of including the lack syringeal morphology seen in turdines and the feeding ecology of myadestines being similar to those of Old World flycatchers. A 2005 molecular study from Klicka et al. found support in a basal clade consisting of the genera Sialia, Neocossyphus, Stizorhina, and Myadestes to be sister to the rest of the thrushes. The divergence between myadestines and turdines occurred 11 million years ago in the Serravallian.

Myadestes
Myadestes is a genus of solitaires, medium-sized mostly insectivorous birds in the thrush family, Turdidae.

They are found in the Americas and Hawaiʻi, where several island species have become extinct.
Craig Hampson
Craig Hampson (born 25 October 1990) is an English rugby union player who plays for the Ealing Trailfinders in the RFU Championship.

He was impressed during the 2013/14 campaign with Yorkshire Carnegie and subsequently named in their RFU Championship Dream Team XV. He signed for Championship rivals Bristol from the 2014/15 season.

On 6 January 2016, Hampson joined up with Aviva Premiership side Wasps on a loan deal from Bristol in January 2016 after Joe Simpson was ruled out for an extended period. Hampson made his debut for Wasps coming off the bench against Newcastle Falcons at Kingston Park of the Premiership and his impressive performances in matches and training saw him rewarded with a permanent deal. Hampson first full season at Wasps saw him make several more appearances and was instrumental in helping the A League side reach the semi-finals.

On 9 April 2019, Hampson makes his return to the RFU Championship with Ealing Trailfinders from the 2019-20 season.

Kingston Park
Kingston Park is a suburb of Newcastle upon Tyne, about 4 miles (6 km) north west of the city centre.

It is home to several large retailers, the largest being one of Tesco's flagship stores—at 11,055 square metres (119,000 sq ft) which was also the largest supermarket in the United Kingdom for one period of time. Kingston Park is served by Kingston Park station on the Tyne and Wear Metro.
Sani Monastery
Sani Monastery (also written Sanee), Sa-ni-[tshog], is located next to the village of Sani where the Stod Valley broadens into the central plain of Zanskar in Ladakh, northern India. It is about 6 km to the northwest of the regional centre of Padum. Like Dzongkhul Monastery, it belongs to the Drukpa Kargyu school of Tibetan Buddhism, and is the only one of this order in Zanskar which has nuns. It is thought to be the oldest religious site in Ladakh and Zanskar.

Padum
Padum (also known as Padam) is the main town and the administrative centre of the Zanskar tehsil in Kargil district, Ladakh, India. Named after the Buddhist guru Padmasambhava, it was historically one of the two main capitals of the Zanskar Kingdom, the other being Zangla. It is 235 km (146 mi) via the link road from Kargil city (National Highway No. 1D).  The new Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road (under construction) connects Padum directly to Leh in the east and to Darcha in Himachal Pradesh.
Jan Kułakowski
Jan Jerzy Kułakowski (25 August 1930 – 25 June 2011) was a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Greater Poland Voivodship (2004–2009) with the Freedom Union, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.

Kułakowski was a substitute for the Committee on Development, a member of the Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the countries of the Andean Community.

Kulakowski was a Member of the National Council of the European Integration, Advisory Group appointed by President Aleksander Kwasniewski. He was a member of the Royal Institute of International Affairs in Belgium. He was the Vice-President of Association France-Pologne pour l’ Europe and the Polish Council of the European Movement.

European Parliament Committee on Development
The Committee on Development (Commission du développement, DEVE) is a committee of the European Parliament responsible for promoting, implementing and monitoring the development and cooperation policy of the European Union, notably talks with developing countries; aid to developing countries; and promotion of democratic values, good governance and human rights in developing countries.

The committee has twenty-five members and the same number of substitute members. Its current chair, elected on 23 July 2024, is Barry Andrews from Renew Europe.
Fanny Roos
Fanny Matilda Charlotta Roos (born 2 January 1995) is a Swedish athlete specialising in the shot put. She won a silver medal at the 2021 European Indoor Championships, while setting an outright national record of 19.29 meters in the final. In doing so, Roos made history by becoming the first Swedish woman in 93 years, and the second overall, to medal in a throwing event at the Olympics, World-, or European Championships. The first to do so was Ruth Svedberg, who won a bronze medal in the discus throw at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Roos represented Sweden at the 2017 and 2019 World Championships, but failed to reach the final on both occasions. She reached 7th place at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Her personal bests in the event are 19.66 metres outdoors (national record - Shanghai 2025) and 19.29 metres indoors (national record - Torun 2021).

2017 World Championships in Athletics
The 2017 IAAF World Championships, the sixteenth edition of the IAAF World Championships, were held from 4 to 13 August at London Stadium in London, United Kingdom. London was officially awarded the championships on 11 November 2011.
Cleota Gage Fry
Cleota Gage Fry (December 30, 1910 – July 1, 2001) was an American mathematician, physicist and university professor. She was one of the few women to earn a PhD in mathematics before World War II and was only the second person at Purdue to earn a doctorate in mathematics.

Lafayette, Indiana
Lafayette (/ˌlɑːfiˈɛt, ˌlæf-/ LA(H)F-ee-ET) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. The population was 70,783 at the 2020 census. It sits across the Wabash River from West Lafayette, home to Purdue University, which plays a major role in both communities. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette make up the core of the Lafayette metropolitan area, home to 235,066 people in 2020.

Lafayette was founded in 1825 on the southeast bank of the Wabash River near where the river becomes impassable for riverboats upstream, though a French fort and trading post had existed since 1717 on the opposite bank and three miles downstream. It was named for the French general Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero. Lafayette is 63 miles (101 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Chicago.
Jalmenus inous
Jalmenus inous, the Inous blue or varied hairstreak, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to coastal Western Australia.

The wingspan is about 30 mm.

The larvae feed on a various plants, including Gastrolobium microcarpum, Daviesia divaricata, Daviesia benthamii, Acacia rostellifera and Acacia saligna.

The caterpillars are attended by the ant species Iridomyrmex conifer and  Iridomyrmex rufoniger.

Daviesia divaricata
Daviesia divaricata, commonly known as marno, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, spreading or erect and bushy shrub with phyllodes reduced to small, triangular scales, and orange and maroon flowers.
Centro Gumilla
Centro Gumilla is a center for research and social action run by the Society of Jesus in Venezuela. It was founded in 1968 and is the first such centre created in Latin America under Pedro Arrupe to direct Jesuit efforts more toward the service of the poor.

In its range of publications, projects, and case histories, Centro Gumilla tries to foster organizational growth and community empowerment.

Pedro Arrupe
Pedro Arrupe y Gondra, SJ (14 November 1907 – 5 February 1991) was a Spanish Catholic priest who served as the 28th superior general of the Society of Jesus from 1965 to 1983. He has been called a second founder of the Society, which he led in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council, especially with regard to faith that does justice and preferential option for the poor.

Born in 1907 in Bilbao, Arrupe joined the Jesuits in 1927 and was ordained to the priesthood in 1936. While serving as a novice master outside Hiroshima in 1945, Arrupe used his medical background as a first responder to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.

In 1983, paralysis from a stroke caused Arrupe to resign from office. He lived on until 1991, when he died in the local Jesuit infirmary. His cause for sainthood was opened by the Jesuits and the Diocese of Rome in 2018.
Sara Kolak
Sara Kolak (born 22 June 1995) is a Croatian track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw. She is an Olympic champion and won the gold medal in the javelin throw event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Kolak is also a European Championships bronze medallist and European U23 champion. She holds the Croatian record with a personal best throw of 68.43 m, set in 2017. It also ranks her tenth on the world all-time list. Kolak is a three-time Olympian and competed at the 2016, 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics.

European Athletics Championships
The European Athletics Championships is a biennial (from 2010) athletics event organised by the European Athletic Association and is recognised as the elite continental outdoor athletics championships for Europe.
2012–13 Men's FIH Hockey World League Round 2
The 2012–13 Men's FIH Hockey World League Round 2 was held from February to June 2013. A total of 24 teams competing in 4 events were part in this round of the tournament playing for 7 berths in the Semifinals, played from June to July 2013.

Tom Boon
Tom Alain Boon (born 25 January 1990) is a Belgian professional field hockey player who plays as a forward for the Belgium national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest field hockey players in the world.

He won a silver medal at the 2016 Olympics.
Sajda Ahmed
Sajda Ahmed (Bengali: সাজদা আহমেদ) is an Indian politician and a social worker. She is the wife of late MP Sultan Ahmed. She was elected to Lok Sabha by poll from Uluberia parliamentary constituency of West Bengal by margin of over 4.74 lakh votes and become member of Sixteenth Lok Sabha. She is elected in 2nd Term in 2019 to the 17th Lok Sabha.

Uluberia Lok Sabha constituency
Uluberia Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India. The constituency centres on Uluberia in West Bengal. All the seven assembly segments of No. 26 Uluberia Lok Sabha constituency are in Howrah district.
APE tag
APE tags comprise one extant convention used to store information (metadata) about a given digital audio file. Each APE tag constitutes a discrete element that describes a single attribute of the file's contents.
Each consists of a key/value pair; the key is simply a label that names the attribute, such as Year, Title, Artist, or Track Number, etc.), and associated with it is a corresponding value, namely, some information descriptive of this file, in terms of the attribute in question (e.g., 1973 for Year). APE tags can be used with .ape-formatted recordings, as well as with sound files of other audio file formats.

Name–value pair
A name–value pair, also known as an attribute–value pair, key–value pair, or field–value pair, is a fundamental data representation in computer systems and applications. Designers often desire an open-ended data structure that allows for future extension without modifying existing code or data. In such situations, all or part of the data model may be expressed as a collection of 2-tuples in the form <attribute name, value> with each element being an attribute–value pair. Depending on the particular application and the implementation chosen by programmers, attribute names may or may not be unique.

Common examples include JSON objects such as database records where a column maps to a stored value (e.g., username → johndoe), HTTP headers like Content-Type: text/html, and configuration files with settings expressed as settingType=1.
Macrosporia nanlingensis
Macrosporia nanlingensis is a poroid fungus first isolated from Guangdong Province, China. It has crust-like fruit bodies with a pinkish pore surface when in dry condition. Microscopically, it has a trimitic hyphal system, a slightly dextrinoid and binding hyphae. Its basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, and measure 9.0–9.8 by 5.0–5.9 μm.

Resupination
Resupination is derived from the Latin word resupinus, meaning "bent back
with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward".

The word "resupinate" is generally only used in a botanical context – in everyday language, "supine" has a similar meaning. In botany, resupination refers to the "twisting"  of flowers or leaves through about 180° as they open. Resupinate leaves have the petiole or "stalk" twisted - resupinate flowers twist as they open.
Dalarö wreck
The Dalarö wreck (also "Edesö Wreck") is a shipwreck of a 17th-century ship lying in the waters off Edesön near Dalarö, southeast of Stockholm, Sweden. It is the remains of a three-masted armed vessel. It was discovered in 2003 but it was not made public until March 2007.

Windlass
The windlass /ˈwɪndləs/ is an apparatus for moving heavy weights. Typically, a windlass consists of a horizontal cylinder (barrel), which is rotated by the turn of a crank or belt. A winch is affixed to one or both ends, and a cable or rope is wound around the winch, pulling a weight attached to the opposite end. The Greek scientist Archimedes was the inventor of the windlass. A surviving medieval windlass, dated to 1360 –1400, is in the Church of St Mary and All Saints, Chesterfield. The oldest depiction of a windlass for raising water can be found in the Book of Agriculture published in 1313 by the Chinese official Wang Zhen of the Yuan Dynasty (fl. 1290–1333).
BC Kibirkštis
BC VIČI-Aistės Kaunas was a Lithuanian women's basketball club based in Kaunas. Before ceasing operations due to financial difficulties, the team was the most titled women's basketball club in Lithuania.

Angelė Rupšienė
Angelė Rupšienė (née Jankūnaitė; born 27 June 1952 in Vilnius, Lithuania) is a retired Lithuanian professional basketball player, who most notably played for BC Kibirkštis Vilnius. She won two gold medals in the 1976 Montreal Olympics and 1980 Moscow Olympics, three gold medals during European Championship and two gold medals during World Championship, playing for Soviet Union national basketball team.
Leonard Berry
Leonard L. "Len" Berry (born 1942) is a University Distinguished Professor of Marketing of Mays Business School at Texas A&M University, and a senior fellow at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Berry is a past president of the American Marketing Association. He has studied service delivery in healthcare at the Mayo Clinic and in cancer care settings. Berry is Texas A&M's most cited faculty member on Google Scholar, with over 235,000 citations.

American Marketing Association
The American Marketing Association (AMA) is a professional association for marketing professionals with 30,000 members as of 2012. It has 76 professional chapters and 250 collegiate chapters across the United States.

The AMA was formed in 1937 (1937) from the merger of two predecessor organizations, the National Association of Marketing Teachers and the American Marketing Society. It also publishes a number of handbooks and research monographs. The AMA publishes the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, Journal of International Marketing, Journal of Interactive Marketing, and Marketing News. It sponsors the collegiate honor society, Alpha Mu Alpha.