hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
EXPSPACE
In computational complexity theory, EXPSPACE is the set of all decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in exponential space, i.e., in  space, where  is a polynomial function of . Some authors restrict  to be a linear function, but most authors instead call the resulting class ESPACE. If we use a nondeterministic machine instead, we get the class NEXPSPACE, which is equal to EXPSPACE by Savitch's theorem.

A decision problem is EXPSPACE-complete if it is in EXPSPACE, and every problem in EXPSPACE has a polynomial-time many-one reduction to it.  In other words, there is a polynomial-time algorithm that transforms instances of one to instances of the other with the same answer.  EXPSPACE-complete problems might be thought of as the hardest problems in EXPSPACE.

EXPSPACE is a strict superset of PSPACE, NP, and P. It contains EXPTIME and is believed to strictly contain it, but this is unproven.

Linear function
In mathematics, the term linear function refers to two distinct but related notions:

In calculus and related areas, a linear function is a function whose graph is a straight line, that is, a polynomial function of degree zero (a constant polynomial) or one (a linear polynomial). For distinguishing such a linear function from the other concept, the term affine function is often used.

In linear algebra, mathematical analysis, and functional analysis, a linear function is a kind of function between vector spaces.
Stella & Steve
Stella & Steve is the second extended play by New Zealand singer Benee, released on 15 November 2019 by Republic Records.

It was supported by three singles; "Find an Island", "Monsta", and "Supalonely", featuring Gus Dapperton, which the latter went viral on social networking service TikTok in 2020. Commercially, Stella & Steve peaked at number 19 on the New Zealand Albums Chart and the ARIA Albums Chart, number 91 on the Canadian Albums Chart, number 138 on the US Billboard 200, and number 150 on the French Albums Chart.

Official Aotearoa Music Charts
The Official Aotearoa Music Charts, formerly the Official New Zealand Music Chart (Māori: Te Papa Tātai Waiata Matua o Aotearoa), is the weekly New Zealand top 40 singles and albums charts, issued weekly by Recorded Music NZ (formerly Recording Industry Association of New Zealand). The Music Chart also includes the top 40 Hot Singles chart, the top 20 New Zealand artist singles and albums, the top 20 Hot New Zealand singles, and top 10 compilation albums. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from music retailers in New Zealand.

The chart also publishes gold and platinum certifications of albums and singles, according to thresholds set by Recorded Music NZ, through the database on radioscope.net.nz.
Hostos Community College
Eugenio María de Hostos Community College of The City University of New York is a public community college in the South Bronx, New York City. It is part of the City University of New York (CUNY) system and was created by an act of the Board of Higher Education in 1968 in response to demands from the Hispanic/Puerto Rican community, which was urging for the establishment of a college to serve the people of the South Bronx. At the time it opened, it was considered the only bilingual education college in the region; this policy became more limited after 1997, but the college still offers many courses in Spanish. In 1970, the college admitted its first class of 623 students at the site of a former tire factory. Several years later, the college moved to a larger site nearby at 149th Street and Grand Concourse. The college also operates a location at the prow building of the Bronx Terminal Market.

Bilingual education
In bilingual education, students are taught in two (or more) languages. It is distinct from learning a second language as a subject because both languages are used for instruction in different content areas like math, science, and history. The time spent in each language depends on the model. For example, some models focus on providing education in both languages throughout a student's entire education while others gradually transition to education in only one language. The ultimate goal of bilingual education is fluency and literacy in both languages through a variety of strategies such as translanguaging and recasting.
Bharathi Women's Arts and Science College
Bharathi Women's Arts and Science College, is a women's general degree college located in Thachur, Kallakurichi, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1997. The college is affiliated with Thiruvalluvar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Thiruvalluvar University
Thiruvalluvar University is a public state university in the city of Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. It was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu, under the Thiruvalluvar University Act, 2002 (Tamil Nadu Act 32 of 2002). The university was named after the Tamil poet and sage Thiruvalluvar.

It began functioning as the 'Post Graduate Extension Centre of University of Madras', at the Fort Campus, Vellore. After bifurcation from the University of Madras, Thiruvalluvar University moved to a new campus at Serkadu, Vellore. The university affiliates Arts and Science colleges under the area comprising the districts of Ranipet, Tirupattur, Tiruvannamalai, Vellore.
Rideout
Rideout is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Rideout (born 1874), American sculptor

Bonnie Rideout (born 1962), American fiddler

George Rideout (born 1945), Canadian politician

Henry Milner Rideout (1877–1927), American author

Janet Rideout (born 1939), American chemist

Jordan Rideout (born 1993), English footballer

Kyle Rideout (born 1984), Canadian actor

Leon B. Rideout (1920–1987), Canadian politician

Margaret Rideout (1923–2010), Canadian politician

Nancie Rideout (1938–1996), American water skier

Paul Rideout (born 1964), English footballer

Sherwood Rideout (1917–1964), Canadian politician

Tanis Rideout, Canadian writer

Tom Rideout (born 1948), Canadian politician

Janet Rideout
Janet Rideout is an American organic chemist and one of the scientists who discovered that azidothymidine (AZT) could be used as an antiretroviral agent to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). She also played a key role in the development of acyclovir, the first effective treatment for herpes simplex virus.
2018–19 Charleston Cougars women's basketball team
The 2018–19 College of Charleston Cougars women's basketball team represented the College of Charleston during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cougars, led by fifth year head coach Candice M. Jackson, played their home games at the TD Arena and were members of the Colonial Athletic Association. They finished the season 7–23, 3–15 in CAA play to finish in a tie for last place. They lost in the first round of the CAA women's tournament to William & Mary.

On March 14, Jackson's contract was not renewed. She finished at Charleston with a record 5 year record of 39–103. The Cougars hired Lamar head coach Harmony for the same position on April 19.

2019 CAA women's basketball tournament
The 2019 Colonial Athletic Association women's basketball tournament is the upcoming postseason women's basketball tournament for the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) for the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The tournament will be held March 13–16, 2019 at the Bob Carpenter Center in Newark, Delaware. The champion will receive the CAA's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Towson won the conference tournament championship game over Drexel, 53–49 to send Towson to their first ever NCAA tournament.
Bangi, Nepal
Bangi is a small town in Arghakhanchi District in Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, the town had a population of 4171 living in 858 houses. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census, the population was 5382, of which 59% was literate.

Arghakhanchi District
Arghakhanchi (Nepali: अर्घाखाँची जिल्ला [ʌɾɡakʰãt͡si] ⓘ) is one of the districts of Lumbini Province in Nepal. The district headquarter is Sandhikharka. The district covers an area of 1,193 km2 (461 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 197,632. Its neighboring districts are Palpa in the east, Gulmi in the north, Kapilvastu District in the south and Pyuthan in the west. The district also covers 4.18 km of road connecting Kapilvastu and Bhalubang, Lalmatiya, Dang with Rapti River as Mahendra Highway or Easy-West Highway.
John Sands House
John Sands House is a historic home at Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland.  The original structure was built about 1740, and is a modest frame, gambrel-roof dwelling with early 20th-century finishes.  It features a massive central brick chimney with a cap of two bands of projecting courses.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.

Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Anne Arundel County (listenⓘ; /əˈrʌndəl/), also notated as AA or A.A. County, is located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell (c. 1615/1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the Arundell family in Cornwall, England, and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area.
International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society
The International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society (IBANGS) is a learned society that was founded in 1996. The goal of IBANGS is "promote and facilitate the growth of research in the field of neural behavioral genetics".

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Turpan Karez Paradise
Turpan Karez Paradise (Chinese: 吐魯番坎儿井乐园) is a museum featuring Turpan's karez water management system in Turpan, a city in the Turpan Depression, Xinjiang, China. The karez is a vertical tunnel system connecting wells developed by the Turpan people to irrigate their arid land. The word karez means "well" (karez, Uyghur: كارىز, romanized: kariz) in the local Uyghur language. Visitors to the museum can learn about the underground irrigation system in the desert area and see the karez system in operation.

This facility is in a relatively convenient location, about five kilometers from the city center of Turpan, about one kilometer from China National Highway 312.  The karez there, called Miyim Haji's Karez (Chinese: 米依木·阿吉坎儿井) was built about 800 years ago.

China National Highway 312
China National Highway 312 (312国道), also referred to as Route 312, is a key east-west route beginning in Shanghai and ending at Khorgas, Xinjiang in the Ili River valley, on the border with Kazakhstan. In total it spans 5,000 km (3,100 mi), passing through Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu before ending in Xinjiang. Besides Shanghai, cities of note on the route include Suzhou, Wuxi, Nanjing, Hefei, Xinyang, Nanyang, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Jiayuguan and Ürümqi.

The road was the subject of Rob Gifford's 2007 book China Road, in which he describes traveling the entire length of Route 312 from the East China Sea to Central Asia.

The G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway has replaced National Highway 312 as the main route between those two cities.
Hip-Hopera (song)
"Hip-Hopera" is a song by Jamaican dancehall artist Bounty Killer, featuring American hip-hop group Fugees. It was released by VP records, on February 11, 1997. The song is included on the album My Xperience (1996). "Hip-Hopera" blends elements of dancehall and hip-hop with operatic themes. It is considered one of the earliest examples of the rap opera genre.

The song spent five weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 81.

Bounty Killer
Rodney Basil Price OD (born 12 June 1972), known as Bounty Killer, is a Jamaican reggae and dancehall deejay. AllMusic describes him as  "one of the most aggressive dancehall stars of the '90s, a street-tough rude boy with an unrepentant flair for gun talk". He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential dancehall lyricists of all time.
Stephen Bernard (Irish MP)
Stephen Bernard  was an Irish politician.

He was one of the six sons of Francis Bernard, justice of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland), and Alice Ludlow. He was a barrister and Recorder of Kinsale. He lived at Prospect Hall, an impressive house near Kinsale. He died at Tarbes, France.

Bernard was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. From 1727 to 1760, he was MP for Bandon Bridge in County Cork.

Tarbes
Tarbes (French pronunciation: [taʁb]; Gascon: Tarba) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France. It is the capital of Bigorre and of the Hautes-Pyrénées. It has been a commune since 1790. It was known as Turba or Tarba in Roman times. Tarbes is part of the historical region of Gascony.

Formerly of strong industrial tradition, Tarbes today tries to diversify its activities, particularly in aeronautics and high tech around the different zones of activities which are increasing. The recent development of Tarbais beans and other regional specialties also shows a willingness to develop the agri-food industry thus justifying its nickname of "market town". Its 42,888 inhabitants are called Tarbaises and the Tarbais.

It is the seat of the diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes. The 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment and 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment are stationed in Tarbes.
Mogau Tshehla
Mogau Trinity Tshehla (25 January 1992 – 12 February 2018) was a South African professional footballer who played at right back for Witbank Spurs and Polokwane City.

Tshehla was killed in an automobile accident on 12 February 2018.

Polokwane City F.C.
Polokwane City Football Club is a South African professional football club based in the city of Polokwane in the Limpopo province that currently plays in the first tier South African Premiership. The team plays its home matches at the Peter Mokaba Stadium.
Exeter services
Exeter services is a motorway service station on the M5 motorway in Devon, England. It is situated at junction 30 of the motorway, east of the city of Exeter, and is accessed from both directions of the motorway.

The service station opened in 1977 and is owned and operated by Moto Hospitality.

Motorway service area
Motorway service areas (MSA), also known as services or service stations, are rest areas in Great Britain and Ireland where drivers can leave a motorway to refuel/recharge, rest, eat and drink, shop, use the toilet or stay in an on-site overnight hotel. They are also a safe refuge for drivers who break down alongside leaving at a motorway junction. The majority of motorway services in the United Kingdom are owned by one of three companies: Moto, Welcome Break and Roadchef. Smaller operators include Extra, Westmorland and EG Group.
Kamal Kumar Sethi
Kamal Kumar Sethi is an Indian neurologist

medical academic and administrator, known for the performance of the first catheter ablation in India. He is the chairman and managing director of Delhi Heart and Lung Institute and a former president of the Cardiological Society of India and the Indian Society of Electrocardiology. He is a recipient of several honors including the Legend in Cardiology Award of the Delhi Medical Association and Andrew Gruentzig Distinguished Interventional Cardiologist Award of the Cardiovascular Society of India. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2006, for his contributions to medical science.

Catheter ablation
Catheter ablation is a procedure that uses radio-frequency energy or other sources to terminate or modify a faulty electrical pathway from sections of the heart of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. If not controlled, such arrhythmias increase the risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest. The ablation procedure can be classified by energy source: radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation.
Emerald
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. Most emeralds have many inclusions, so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate. It occurs mainly in association with quartz, muscovite, albite, schorl, microcline, fluorite, smoky quartz and elbaite.

Albite
Albite is a plagioclase feldspar mineral. It is the sodium endmember of the plagioclase solid solution series. It represents a plagioclase with less than 10% anorthite content. The pure albite endmember has the formula NaAlSi3O8. It is a tectosilicate. Its color is usually pure white, hence its name from Latin, albus. It is a common constituent in felsic rocks.
1943 Meistaradeildin
1943 Meistaradeildin was the second season of Meistaradeildin, the top tier of the Faroese football league system. The teams were separated into four groups based on geographical criteria; the winner of each group would qualify for the semi-finals. Each group had its own qualification format. TB Tvøroyri defeated MB Miðvágur 3–2 on aggregate in the championship final.

Faroe Islands football league system
The Faroe Islands league system is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in the Faroe Islands. As of 2018, there are 48 participating men's teams and 15 women's teams in the football league.
Anna Koltunow
Anna M. G. Koltunow is an Australian plant physiologist researching how plants reproduce. As of 2019 she is Professorial Research Fellow in the Centre for Crop Science at the University of Queensland. She is leading research for the second phase of a project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Koltunow graduated from Flinders University in 1981 with a BSc(Hons). She was awarded a PhD by the University of Adelaide in 1987.

From 2002 to 2006 Koltunow was president of the International Association of Sexual Plant Reproduction Research. She was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in May 2016 and of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering in 2018.

Flinders University
Flinders University, established as The Flinders University of South Australia, is an Australian public research university based in Adelaide, South Australia, with a footprint extending across a number of locations in South Australia and the Northern Territory. The main campus is in Bedford Park, about 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the Adelaide city centre. Other campuses include Tonsley, Adelaide central business district, Renmark, Alice Springs and Darwin.

Founded in 1966, it was named in honour of the British navigator Matthew Flinders who had explored and surveyed the Australian coastline in the early 19th century. In 2022, there were 25,247 students enrolled at the university.
1975 Louisville Open
The 1975 Louisville Open, also known as the First National Tennis Classic, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Louisville Tennis Center in Louisville, Kentucky in the United States. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from July 28 through August 5, 1975. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized in Group AA. The singles final was delayed by one day due to rain and was won by defending champion Guillermo Vilas who received the $16,000 first prize money. The doubles final was not played due to rain and the prize money was shared.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Joseph: King of Dreams
Joseph: King of Dreams is a 2000 American animated biblical musical drama film produced by DreamWorks Animation. The second film adaptation of the Bible from DreamWorks Animation and, to date, the only direct-to-video production they released, the film is an adaptation of the story of Joseph from the Book of Genesis in the Bible and serves as a prequel to the 1998 film The Prince of Egypt (as the biblical narrative of Joseph happens before that of Moses) as well as the second film in The Prince of Egypt franchise. Composer Daniel Pelfrey stated that the film was designed as a companion piece to The Prince of Egypt, noting that though "Joseph turned out to be very different than The Prince of Egypt, it was very challenging and rewarding".

Co-director Robert Ramirez has said that whilst the reviews for the film had "generally been very good" there was a period "when the film was not working very well, when the storytelling was heavy-handed" and "klunky".

Richard Herd
Richard Thomas Herd Jr. (September 26, 1932 – May 26, 2020) was an American actor appearing in numerous supporting, recurring, and guest roles in television series and occasional film roles from the 1970s to the 2010s. He was well known in the science fiction community for his role in the 1983 NBC miniseries V and 1984 sequel V: The Final Battle, as John, the Visitors' Supreme Commander. Other major roles in his career included recurring parts on the NBC series seaQuest DSV as Admiral William Noyce; on Star Trek: Voyager as Admiral Owen Paris, the father of helmsman Tom Paris; and as George Costanza's boss Matt Wilhelm on Seinfeld. In two guest appearances on Quantum Leap, he played children's show host "Captain Galaxy", a would-be time traveler, and a miner named Ziggy Ziganovich. He also voiced Father Elijah in the Dead Money expansion for Fallout: New Vegas. Herd appeared at several fan conventions for his science fiction roles.