hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teatown Lake Reservation
Teatown Lake Reservation is a nonprofit nature preserve and environmental education center in Westchester County, New York, U.S., located in the towns of Ossining, Yorktown, Cortlandt, and New Castle. The reservation includes an 1,000-acre (4.0 km2) nature preserve and education center, visited annually by around 25,000 people.

Known by locals simply as "Teatown", the organization works to conserve biodiversity, teach ecology and promote nature-friendly living. Located in the Lower Hudson Valley's Hudson Highlands, Teatown Lake Reservation conserves open space, educates about the environment, sustaining the diversity of wildlife and plants.

Ossining, New York
Ossining (/ˈɒsɪnɪŋ/ OSS-in-ing) is a town located along the Hudson River in Westchester County, New York. The population was 40,061 at the time of the 2020 census. It contains two villages, the Village of Ossining and part of Briarcliff Manor, the rest of which is located in the Town of Mount Pleasant. Ossining is the location of Sing Sing maximum-security prison.
History of Lahore
The recorded history of Lahore (Punjabi: لہور دی تریخ (Shahmukhi); romanized: Làhaur dī tàrīk͟h) refers to the past history of the city of Lahore, the post-medieval cultural and political hub of the Punjab region. Today, the city is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is primarily inhabited by the native ethnic Punjabis. Throughout its recorded history, it has changed hands from many foreign to native states and empires such as the Indo-Greeks, Kushans, Guptas, Alchon Huns, Takkas, Hindu Shahis, Ghaznavids, Delhi Sultanate, Surs, Mughals, Durranis, Misls, Sikh Empire and the British, thereby becoming the cultural capital and the heart of modern-day Pakistan.

Shahmukhi
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. 'from the Shah's or King's mouth', Gurmukhī: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan. It is generally written in the Nastaʿlīq calligraphic hand, which is also used for Persian and Urdu. Shahmukhi is one of the two standard scripts used for Punjabi, the other being Gurmukhī used mainly in Punjab, India. Shahmukhi is written from right to left and has 36 primary letters with some other additional letters.
Gillian Campbell
Gillian Margaret Campbell (born 21 August 1960) is a former competitive Australian rower. In the six seasons from 1988 to 1993 she was consistently in the top-tier of Australian heavyweight women scullers winning ten national sculling titles and one sweep-oared championship title. She competed in the women's double sculls event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Australian Rowing Championships
The Australian Rowing Championships is an annual rowing event that determines Australia's national rowing champions and facilitates selection of Australian representative crews for World Championships and the Olympic Games. It is Australia's premier regatta, with states, clubs and schools sending their best crews. The Championships commence with the National Regatta - men's, women's and lightweight events in open, under 23, under 19, under 17 and school age events. Rowers at the National Regatta race in their local club colours with composite crews permitted. The Championships conclude with the Interstate Regatta - currently eight events competed by state representative crews or scullers selected by the state rowing associations. The states compete for an overall points tally which decides the Zurich Cup.
Prototheora biserrata
Prototheora biserrata is a species of moth of the family Prototheoridae. It is found in South Africa, where it known from only one and possibly two localities in the southern Cape Province. The holotype was collected in the wet, temperate Groenkop forest near George. A second specimen, possibly the female of the same species, was found at Camps Bay, a coastal fynbos habitat immediately south of Cape Town.

The wingspan is about 18 mm. Adults have been recorded in early March.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Meng Guanglu
Meng Guanglu (born 1963) is a Chinese Peking opera performer who specializes in Jing roles. He is a student of the master Qiu Shengrong.

Meng Guanglu has won the Plum Blossom Prize twice. He is a current vice-chairman of China Theatre Association and a deputy president of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.

Jing role
The Jing (simplified Chinese: 净; traditional Chinese: 淨) is a role type in Chinese opera for "rough" or "mighty" male characters. In many genres (such as Peking opera and Cantonese opera), this role requires heavy face painting. As a result, it is also known as Hualian ("Painted face"). However, not all characters with painted faces fall into this category, with Chou (clowns) being another major painted-face role type.

This type of role will entail a forceful character, so a Jing actor must have a strong voice and be able to exaggerate gestures. Depending on the repertoire of the particular troupe, he will play either primary or secondary roles. The colour and face design represents the identity and personality of the character.
Strömsholm
Strömsholm (Swedish pronunciation: [strœmsˈhɔlm]) is a locality situated, in the vicinity of Herrskogen, in Hallstahammar Municipality, Västmanland County, Sweden with 664 inhabitants in 2010.

In Strömsholm is Strömsholm Palace, and from 1621 Strömsholm was a center of military horse training to supply the Swedish Army with horses. Since 1968 Strömsholm is home of civil horse training only. Strömsholm Canal starts in Strömsholm.

Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Swedish: Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years.
Onega Tractor Plant
The Onega Tractor Plant or Onezhskiy Tractor Plant (Russian: Онежский тракторный завод, romanized: Onezhsiy traktorniy zavod, abbreviated ОТЗ, OTZ) is a major Russian machine-building manufacturing plant in Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia.

Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (Russian: Петрозаводск, IPA: [pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk]; Karelian, Veps and Finnish: Petroskoi; Ludian: Petrouskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). The population of the city is 280,890 as of 2022.
Maotanchang
Maotanchang, or Maotanchangzhen (simplified Chinese: 毛坦厂镇; traditional Chinese: 毛坦廠鎮; pinyin: Máo Tǎn Chǎng Zhèn) is a town located in the south of Jin'an District, Lu'an, Anhui. It is at the junction of Huoshan County, Shucheng County and Jin'an District. It has an area of 59.1 square kilometers. There are 18,000 people in Maotanchang. Maotanchang High School is located in Maotanchang.

Maotanchang is divided into the following:

Maotanchang Subdistrict Village

Bajiaotang Village

Jinyan Village

Qingshanyan Village

Lijiachong Village

Dongshisun Village

Dashanzhai Village

Shucheng County
Shucheng County (simplified Chinese: 舒城县; traditional Chinese: 舒城縣; pinyin: Shūchéng Xiàn) is a county in the west-central part of Anhui Province, People's Republic of China. It is located in the southeastern corner of the prefecture-level city of Lu'an and is its easternmost county-level division. It has a population of 1,020,000 (up to the end of 2010) and an area of 2,092 square kilometres (808 sq mi). The government of Shucheng County is located in Chengguan Town.

Shucheng County has jurisdiction over 21 towns and townships, 1 resort center and 1 economic development district.
James Tubbs
James Tubbs (1835 – 1921) is one of the most celebrated English bow makers, and is considered "The English Tourte".

Together with his son Alfred (d. 1912), he produced more than 5,000 bows. It is generally accepted that James Tubbs ranks among the five or six most important bow makers in history. "The Tubbs family made bows and instruments as early as the 1800s, and five generations have practiced the craft".

Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers
The Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers is a widely cited reference work providing information on approximately 9,000 violin makers. The work is based on the extensive notes of violinist and composer William Henley (1874-1957). Henley had in his youth studied with August Wilhelmj, and later became a professor of composition and principal of the violin at the Royal Academy in London. Having played violins from many manufacturers, Henley sought to compile a comprehensive list evaluating violin and bow makers. After Henley's death in 1957, dealer Cyril Woodcock (1897–1980) completed and published the work based on Henley's unfinished notes. The work was first published in five volumes in 1959 and 1960, and republished in a single volume in 1973.
Adityavarman (Chalukya dynasty)
Adityavarma (r. c. 643–645 CE) was a king of the Chalukya dynasty of Vatapi in southern India. He was a son of Pulakeshin II, who was defeated and probably killed when the Pallavas invaded and captured the Chalukya capital Vatapi. The immediate history of the dynasty after Pulakeshin's death is not clear, but inscriptions of Adityavarma and his son suggest that Adityavarma ruled a weakened Chalukya kingdom for a short period, before his younger brother Vikramaditya I defeated the Pallavas and restored the Chalukya power.

Someshvara III
Someshvara III or Bhūloka-malladeva (IAST: Someśvara; r. 1126–1138) was a Western Chalukya king (also known as the Kalyani Chalukyas), the son and successor of Vikramaditya VI. He ascended the throne of the Western Chalukya Kingdom in 1126, or 1127.

Someshvara was a noted historian, scholar, and poet. He authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text Manasollasa touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry, dance and music – making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.  He also authored, in Sanskrit, an incomplete biography of his father Vikramaditya VI, called the Vikramankabhyudaya. His scholarly pursuits was the reason he held such titles as Sarvadnya-bhupa (lit, "the king who knows everything") and Bhulokamala ("the king who is lord of all living beings").
C.D. Lenca
Deportivo Lenca was a Honduran soccer club based on El Progreso, Honduras.

It played in Liga de Ascenso de Honduras but in 2008 it was bought by Club Junior from El Negrito, Yoro. They currently play in Liga Mayor de Honduras.

Their name derives from the Lenca people and their emblem once featured the Chief Lempira, a national hero in Honduras.

Lenca
The Lenca are an Indigenous people from present day southwest Honduras and eastern El Salvador in Central America. They historically spoke various dialects of the Lencan languages such as Chilanga, Putun (Potón), and Kotik, but today are mostly native speakers of Spanish. In Honduras, the Lenca are the largest tribal group, with an estimated population of more than 450,000.
Brakha
Daily prayer in Mandaeism, called brakha ࡁࡓࡀࡊࡀ in Mandaic (cognate with Hebrew berakhah and Arabic barakah) or occasionally birukta (birukhta), consists of set prayers that are recited three times per day. Mandaeans stand facing north while reciting daily prayers. Unlike in Islam and Eastern Christianity, prostration is not practiced.

Mandaean priests recite rahma prayers three times every day, while laypeople also recite the Rushuma (signing prayer) and Asut Malkia ("Healing of Kings") daily. When priests lead laypeople during prayers, laypeople repeat each word or phrase of a prayer after the priest, similar to certain parts of Roman Catholic masses.

In Mandaic, the generic term for an individual prayer is buta ࡁࡅࡕࡀ (plural form: bawata ࡁࡀࡅࡀࡕࡀ).

Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.

Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate.  It can also happen that words which appear similar, or identical, in different languages, are not cognate.

Cognates are distinguished from loanwords, where a word has been borrowed from another language.
Gamon Kaai
Gamon Kaai (河相 我聞, Kaai Gamon; born May 24, 1975, in Warabi, Saitama, and moved to Ōmiya (now Saitama), Saitama Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese actor and tarento represented by Kabushikigaisha Gamon and 365.

Kaai's surname is often pronounced as "Kawai."

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Helsinki Comics Festival
Helsinki Comics Festival is an annual free cultural event in Helsinki, Finland. It has become the largest comics event in North-Europe. The festival is typically held in early September.

The festival has been organized by the Finnish Comics Society since 1979. Activities include a comic market, exhibitions throughout the city, public discussion, presentations, comic guests, competitions, and children's activities. The festival also gives space for many self-published works and zines to be presented to the public.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Żeliszów
Żeliszów [ʐɛˈliʂuf] (German: Giersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolesławiec, within Bolesławiec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The village houses a Protestant church designed in 1796-1797 by Carl Gotthard Langhans, which is currently undergoing renovation overseen by the Your Heritage Foundation (Fundacja Twoje Dziedzictwo).

Bolesławiec County
Bolesławiec County (Polish: powiat bolesławiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, southwestern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Bolesławiec, famed for its pottery, and its only other town is Nowogrodziec. The county covers an area of 1,303.3 square kilometres (503.2 sq mi).

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 90,108, of which the population of Bolesławiec is 38,852, that of Nowogrodziec is 4,243, and the rural population is 47,013.
Skywalk GmbH & Co. KG
Skywalk GmbH & Co. KG is a German aircraft manufacturer based in Marquartstein, Bavaria. Founded by Manfred Kistler and Thomas Allertseder in 2001, the company specializes in the design and manufacture of paragliders in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft as well as paragliding harnesses. The company also makes kite surfing wings and promotional tents.

Manfred Kistler formerly worked for Swing Flugsportgeräte and Thomas Allerseder was a director of Betech.

The company is organized as a Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung and Co. kommanditgesellschaft limited partnership.

Marquartstein
Marquartstein (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁkvaʁtˌʃtaɪn]) is a municipality in the southeastern part of Bavaria, Germany and is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Marquartstein and Staudach-Egerndach. It is situated in a region called Chiemgau, approximately 10 km south of Lake Chiemsee between Munich and Salzburg. Most of the area is situated in the valley of the river Tiroler Achen, which separates the village into two parts. Marquartstein is at the edge of the Alps. Its geographical location is 47°46′N 12°28′E﻿ / ﻿47.767°N 12.467°E﻿ / 47.767; 12.467.
Vetrano
Vetrano is a southern Italian surname from western Sicily, Campania and Apulia, either derived from the town of Castelvetrano, Sicily, or from nicknames related to Latin vetus 'old' (cf.  English veteran). Notable people with the surname include:

Candela Vetrano (born 1991), Argentine actress

Giulia Vetrano (born 2005), Italian swimmer

Joe Vetrano (1918–1995), American football player

Karina Vetrano (1986–2016), American speech-language pathologist and murder victim

Stefano Vetrano (1923–2018), Italian politician

Joe Vetrano
Joseph George Vetrano (October 15, 1918 – May 10, 1995) was an American professional football halfback and placekicker who played four seasons with the San Francisco 49ers of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). He played college football at the University of Southern Mississippi.  He graduated from Neptune High School in Neptune Township, New Jersey in 1936 and was inducted in the school's inaugural Athletic Hall of Fame in 2009.
Darwinia divisa
Darwinia divisa is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is endemic to a restricted part of the south-west of Western Australia. It is a slender, erect shrub with white flowers and is the only species of its genus with "divided prominent calyx lobes" and a hairy calyx tube.

It was first formally described in 2002 by Greg Keighery and Neville Marchant in the Nordic Journal of Botany from specimens collected by Fred Lullfitz near Bendering in 1965.

Darwinia divisa is presumed extinct by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, not having been collected for more than 50 years, despite extensive surveys at the type location and surrounding remnants during 1997-2000.

Gregory John Keighery
Gregory John Keighery is an Australian botanist. Since 2003 he has been a senior research scientist at the Science and Conservation Division of the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions of Western Australia (formerly the Department of Environment and Conservation then the Department of Parks and Wildlife). His main expertise is in the native plants of Western Australia, particularly weed flora and the Apiaceae, Liliaceae and Myrtaceae.
Marcin Kasprzak
Marcin Kasprzak (November 2, 1860 – December 8, 1905) was a Polish Marxist revolutionary and a prominent leader of Poland's labour movement. He was a member of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAP), the International Social Revolutionary Party "Proletariat" (usually referred to by the names First Proletariat or Great Proletariat party), the Polish Socialist Party in Prussia, and the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) party, and was a founder of the Social Revolutionary Party "Proletariat" (usually referred to by the names Second Proletariat or Small Proletariat party).

History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
The foundation of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) can be traced back to the 1860s, and it has represented the centre-left in German politics for much of the 20th and 21st centuries. From 1891 to 1959, the SPD theoretically espoused Marxism.

The SPD has been the ruling party at several points, first under Friedrich Ebert in 1918. The party was outlawed in Nazi Germany but returned to government in 1969 with Willy Brandt. Meanwhile, the East German branch of the SPD was merged with the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany. In the modern Federal Republic of Germany, the SPD's main rival is the CDU. As of May 2025 the SPD was in a coalition government with the CDU, with Friedrich Merz (CDU) as chancellor and Lars Klingbeil (SPD) as vice-chancellor.
Mayor of Cape Town
The mayor of Cape Town is the head of the local government of Cape Town, South Africa. Currently, that government takes the form of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality.

The mayoral position was established on 7 December 2000.

In the past, the position of mayor has varied between that of an executive mayor actively governing the city and that of a figurehead mayor with a mostly ceremonial role. The current mayor is Geordin Hill-Lewis of the Democratic Alliance (DA).

New National Party (South Africa)
The New National Party (NNP; Afrikaans: Nuwe Nasionale Party) was a South African political party formed in 1997 as the successor to the National Party, which ruled the country from 1948 to 1994. The name change was an attempt to distance itself from its apartheid past, and reinvent itself as a moderate, mainstream conservative and non-racist federal party. The attempt was largely unsuccessful, and in 2005 the New National Party voted to disband itself.
Peter Dupas
Peter Norris Dupas (born 6 July 1953) is an Australian convicted serial killer, currently serving three life sentences without parole for murder and primarily for being a serious habitual offender. He has a very significant criminal history involving serious sexual and violent offences, with his violent criminal history spanning more than three decades, and with every release from prison has been known to commit further crimes against women with increasing levels of violence. His criminal signature is to remove the breasts of his female victims.

As of 2007, Dupas has been convicted of three murders and is a prime suspect in at least three other murders committed in the vicinity of the Melbourne area during the 1980s and 1990s.

Lake Eppalock
Lake Eppalock is an Australian reservoir in Eppalock, North Central Victoria about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Melbourne. It was formed by the construction of a major earth and rockfill embankment dam, known as Eppalock Dam, with a controlled chute spillway across the Campaspe and the Coliban rivers. The lake is situated between the regional population centres of Bendigo and Heathcote and serves as a major water storage facility for both places, as well as the Campaspe irrigation district. The lake also serves as a popular sports and recreational facility.