hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Wilhelm Jähns
Friedrich Wilhelm Jähns (German: [jɛːns]; 2 January 1809 – 8 August 1888) was a German music scholar, voice teacher, and composer. He is best known for his chronological catalog of the works of Carl Maria von Weber.

Jähns was born and died in Berlin. His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof I der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. I of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.

Neue Kirche, Berlin
The New Church (German: Neue Kirche; colloquially German: Deutscher Dom, meaning "German Cathedral"), is located in Berlin on the Gendarmenmarkt across from French Church of Friedrichstadt  (French Cathedral). Its parish comprised the northern part of the then new quarter of Friedrichstadt, which until then belonged to the parish of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church. The Lutheran and Calvinist (in German Reformed Church) congregants used German as their native language, as opposed to the French-speaking Calvinist congregation of the adjacent French Church of Friedrichstadt. The congregants' native language combined with the domed tower earned the church its colloquial name Deutscher Dom. While the church physically resembles a cathedral, it is not a cathedral in the formal sense of the word, as it was never the seat of a bishop.

After being heavily damaged during the bombing of Berlin in World War II, reconstruction was completed 1988; the church now serves as a museum.
Don Sebastian (play)
Don Sebastian, King Of Portugal is a 1689 tragedy by the English writer John Dryden. It is based on the reign of Sebastian of Portugal leading up to his defeat and death at the Battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578. An Elizabethan play The Battle of Alcazar also portrays the events.

It was first staged by the United Company at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. The original cast included Joseph Williams as Don Sebastian, Edward Kynaston as Muley Moluch, Thomas Betterton as Dorax, Samuel Sandford as Benducar, Cave Underhill as Mufti, William Mountfort as Don Antonio, John Bowman as Don Alvarez, Anthony Leigh as Mustapha, Elizabeth Barry as Almeyda, Susanna Mountfort as Morayma and Elinor Leigh as Johayma. It was published in 1690 and dedicated to the politician the Earl of Leicester.

Cave Underhill
Cave Underhill (1634–1710?) was an English actor in comedy roles.

Underhill entertained three generations of London theatre-goers. For over 40 years, as a member of the Duke's Company, Underhill played the first Gravedigger in Hamlet. He was also successful in playing Gregory in Romeo and Juliet, the clown in Twelfth Night, and Trinculo in The Tempest.
Hafner Manufacturing Company
The Hafner Manufacturing Company was a maker of tinplate clockwork-powered O gauge toy trains, based in Chicago, Illinois, from 1914 to 1951. It was formed when its founder, William Frederick Hafner, a co-founder of American Flyer, left the company in favor of creating his own company.

Clockwork
Clockwork refers to the inner workings of either mechanical devices called clocks and watches (where it is also called the movement) or other mechanisms that work similarly, using a series of gears driven by a spring or weight.

A clockwork mechanism is often powered by a clockwork motor consisting of a mainspring, a spiral torsion spring of metal ribbon.  Energy is stored in the mainspring manually by winding it up, turning a key attached to a ratchet which twists the mainspring tighter.  Then the force of the mainspring turns the clockwork gears, until the stored energy is used up.  The adjectives wind-up and spring-powered refer to mainspring-powered clockwork devices, which include clocks and watches, kitchen timers, music boxes, and wind-up toys.
Affleck Canal
Affleck Canal is an inlet in Southeast Alaska, United States It extends 32 kilometres (20 mi) north from Sumner Strait, nearly cutting Kuiu Island in two. It was first charted in 1793 by Joseph Whidbey, master of HMS Discovery during George Vancouver's 1791–1795 expedition. Vancouver named it for Admiral Philip Affleck, RN.

HMS Discovery (1789)
HMS Discovery was a Royal Navy ship launched in 1789 and best known as the lead ship in George Vancouver's exploration of the west coast of North America in his famous 1791-1795 expedition. She was converted to a bomb vessel in 1798 and participated in the Battle of Copenhagen. Thereafter she served as a hospital ship and later as a prison hulk until 1831. She was broken up in 1834.
Kjell Svensson
Kjell Gustaf Svensson (born 10 September 1938) is a retired Swedish ice hockey goaltender. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and finished in fifth and second place, respectively. He won the world title in 1962, finishing second in 1963 and 1967 and third in 1965. Nationally he won only one title, with Södertälje SK in 1956, but was selected to the Swedish all-star teams in 1960–61 and 1963–64.

After retiring from competitions Svensson worked as a coach with Södertälje SK in 1972 and 1975–78 and with the Swedish national team in 1973–74. Then he had a successful career with Scania AB, becoming Senior Vice-President of truck manufacturing. This career made him resign from his position on the board of directors of the Swedish Ice Hockey Association in 1986.

Södertälje SK
Södertälje Sportklubb, also known as Södertälje SK and often referred to as SSK, is a Swedish professional ice hockey club playing in HockeyAllsvenskan, the second highest level of pro hockey in Sweden. Södertälje were charter members of Elitserien when the league was founded in 1975 and have since played 24 seasons in the league (1975–1978, 1980–1981, 1983–1992, 1996–1998, 2001–2006, 2007–2011). Södertälje SK's fan club is known as Supporterklubben
Tackner, Missouri
Tackner is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Missouri, United States. Tackner is located on Missouri Route 7 near the Truman Reservoir, 2.7 miles (4.3 km) west of Warsaw.

A post office called Tackner was established in 1890, and remained in operation until 1911. The community has the name of the original owner of the town site.

Truman Reservoir
The  Harry S. Truman Dam and Reservoir, also known as Truman Lake, is located in the state of Missouri, United States. It is located between Clinton and Warsaw, on the Osage River and extends south to Osceola. The dam is located in Benton County, but the reservoir also extends into parts of Henry, St. Clair, and Hickory counties.
Kyiv City Teacher's House
The Kyiv City Teacher's House (Ukrainian: Київський міський будинок учителя, romanized: Kyivskyi miskyi budynok uchytelia) also known as the Central Council House (Ukrainian: Будинок Центральної Ради, romanized: Budynok Tsentralnoi Rady) is a historical building located at 57 Volodymyrska Street, in Kyiv, Ukraine. The building is located next to the "Yellow Building"
of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and the Presidium Building of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Currently, it is mainly occupied by the Ukrainian Trade Union of workers of Education and Science in Kyiv. It also houses the Pedagogical museum, the museum of Ukrainian Revolution (1917-1920), the Sukhomlynsky State Pedagogical and Science Library, and the Cultural Center "Kyianochka". Both museums are located on the second floor.

The building was constructed during the Imperial era in 1909-1911 by Pavlo Alyoshyn.

Vasyl Sukhomlynsky
Vasyl Olexandrovych Sukhomlynsky (Ukrainian: Василь Олександрович Сухомлинський; in transliteration from Ukrainian: Vasyl Oleksandrovych Sukhomlynsky) (September 28, 1918 – September 2, 1970) was a Ukrainian humanistic educator in the Soviet Union who saw the aim of education in producing a truly humane being.
Pierre André Prévost de La Prévostière
Pierre André Prévost de La Prévostière was the Governor General of Pondicherry. During his time in office, France's main interests were more commercial than political. No significant events occurred during his tenure. Significant development started when his successor, Pierre Christoph Le Noir came into office.

Pondicherry
Pondicherry, officially known as Puducherry, is the capital and most populous city of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. The city is in the Puducherry district on the southeast coast of India and is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal to the east and the state of Tamil Nadu, with which it shares most of its culture, heritage, and language.
Anima mia
"Anima mia" is a 1973 song composed by Antonello De Sanctis, Flavio Paulin and Ivano Michetti and performed by the musical group Cugini di campagna. The first top ten hit in the band's career, the song received an additional gold disc in 1997, when it was named on a nostalgia-based Rai 2 variety show presented by Fabio Fazio and Claudio Baglioni.

"Anima mia" has been covered by numerous artists, including  ABBA singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad (as "Ett liv i solen" (A life in the sun), on her album Frida ensam), Dalida, Bobby Rydell, Claudio Baglioni, Piergiorgio Farina and Gianni Meccia.

Rai 2
Rai 2 is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster RAI – Radiotelevisione italiana. It is the company's second television channel, and is known for broadcasting TG2 news bulletins, talk shows, reality television, drama series, sitcoms, cartoons and infotainment. In the 1980s it was known for its political affiliation to the Italian Socialist Party, it has shifted recently its focus towards the youth, including in its schedule reality shows, entertainment, TV series, news, knowledge and sports.

The second television channel in Italy, it was launched on 4 November 1961, seven years after RAI's first channel was launched on 3 January 1954. The channel was initially referred to as "Secondo Programma". It received other names, such as "Rete 2" and "Rai Due" until it adopted its current name "Rai 2". It is a direct competitor to Mediaset's Italia 1. It is also a state-owned channel like Rai 1.
Mette Mestad
Mette Mestad (born 19 November 1958) is a former Norwegian biathlete and winner of the second overall world cup for women. She won the overall Biathlon World Cup in the 1983/84 season. She became Norwegian champion seven times.

Biathlon World Cup
The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.
Te Paepae-ki-Rarotonga
In Māori tradition, Te Paepae-ki-Rarotonga was one of the great ocean-going, voyaging canoes that was used in the migrations that settled New Zealand. Te Paepae-ki-Rarotonga was captained by Waitaha-ariki-kore and is said to have landed near Matatā.

Matatā
Matatā is a town in the Bay of Plenty in the North Island of New Zealand, 24 kilometres (15 mi) to the north-west of Whakatāne. A section of the town was relocated between the years 2006 and 2021 due to increased natural threats arising from climate change.  As an example of forced retreat, Matatā is seen as providing lessons for future actions elsewhere.
Harold Lothrop Borden
Lieutenant Harold Lothrop Borden (23 May 1876 – 16 July 1900) was from Canning, Nova Scotia, and was the only son of Canada's Minister of Defence and Militia, Sir Frederick Borden, and was related to the future Prime Minister of Canada, Sir Robert Borden. Serving in the Royal Canadian Dragoons, he became the most famous Canadian casualty of the Second Boer War. Queen Victoria asked F. W. Borden for a photograph of his son, Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier praised his services, tributes arrived from across Canada, and in his home town a monument (by Hamilton MacCarthy) was erected to his memory.

Minister of Militia and Defence
The Minister of Militia and Defence was the federal government minister in charge of the volunteer army units in Canada, the Canadian Militia.

From 1855 to 1906, the minister was responsible for Canadian militia units only, as the British Army was still stationed in Canada. From 1906 to 1923, the minister was in charge of the Department of Militia and Defence (Canada). After 1923, the position was merged with the Minister of the Naval Service and the Minister of Aviation into the new position of Minister of National Defence.  The Minister of National Defence became responsible for the Canadian Militia, the Royal Canadian Navy and, from 1924, the Royal Canadian Air Force.
Ouanda Djallé
Ouanda Djallé is a sub-prefecture and town in the prefecture of Vakaga in the Central African Republic. It is located 130 km south of Birao. By population it is one of the smallest sub-prefectures in the country (only Bambouti and Djémah are smaller).

Prefectures of the Central African Republic
Since 10 December 2020, the Central African Republic has been administratively divided into 20 prefectures (French: préfectures, Sango: kodoro kômanda-kôta), including the capital, Bangui.

Each prefecture is governed by a local assembly called General Council (Conseil Général), presided by a Prefect (Préfet). The prefectures are further subdivided into 84 sub-prefectures.

Prefectures are all named after major rivers passing through their areas:

Ubangi, Nana, Mambéré, Kadeï, Lobaye, M'Poko, Ombella, Sangha, Kémo, Ouaka, Kotto, and Mbomou all flow into the Congo River.

Pendé, Ouham, Gribingui, Bamingui, Bangoran, and Vakaga all flow into the Chari River, and then into Lake Chad.

(Basse ("Lower") means downstream, and Haut or Haute ("Upper") means upstream.)
Matteo Tosatto
Matteo Tosatto (born 14 May 1974) is an Italian former road racing cyclist. He rode as a professional between 1997 and 2016, with his biggest personal victories coming in stages of the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France. He contested 34 Grand Tours during his career, making him the rider with most participations and finishing 28 of them.

Following his retirement, Tosatto became a directeur sportif with Team Sky, beginning midway through the 2017 cycling season. He left the team following the 2023 season, and joined UCI ProTeam Tudor Pro Cycling Team in the same role for the 2024 season – ahead of their Grand Tour début at the 2024 Giro d'Italia.

2024 Giro d'Italia
The 2024 Giro d'Italia was the 107th edition of the Giro d'Italia, a three-week Grand Tour cycling stage race. The race started on 4 May in Venaria Reale and finished on 26 May in Rome. There were two individual time trial stages and 4 stages longer than 200 km.

The general classification was won by Tadej Pogačar of UAE Team Emirates, by a margin of 9 minutes 56 second over his closest competitor, Daniel Martínez. Pogačar also won the mountains classification and six stages, and together with Eddy Merckx (1973) is the rider who in the post-war period has won the general classification taking the greatest number of stages. Pogačar's winning margin was the biggest since the 1965 edition and the fourth largest in the post-World War II era.
Head impact telemetry system
Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS) is a hardware and software system intended as a shock detector and logger; the hardware is embedded in football helmets and transmits data to a computer.

The system was developed by Simbex, based on Lebanon, New Hampshire, in collaboration with Virginia Tech, starting around 2000. By 2006 the system weighed about six ounces and had six sensors, a small computer, a battery and a radio; helmets including the system were marketed by Riddell and a set of 40 cost around $50,000 at that time. At that time nine NCAA football teams and a high school team were testing it, and the NFL had decided it not well validated enough to use.

Riddell Sports Group
Riddell Sports Group, commonly known as Riddell (/rəˈdɛl/ rə-DEL), is an American company specializing in sports equipment for Gridiron football. Founded in 1929 by John Tate Riddell, it was headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois, but in 2017, the company relocated to a new facility in Des Plaines, Illinois.
Pristimantis erythropleura
Pristimantis erythropleura is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.
It is endemic to Colombia.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
SIM studio
SIM Studio (also known as Studio Smolec) is a Croatian recording studio owned by Vladimir Smolec and Tomo in der Mühlen founded in the 1980s in Zagreb. Productions of SIM studio sold in tens of millions LPs of all the most influential Yugoslav artists. SIM studio produced and discovered many new artists, among them Plavi Orkestar. Vladimir Smolec and Tomo in der Muhlen were constantly voted as two of the most influential people in the regional music industry by the music magazine Džuboks.

Džuboks
Džuboks (Serbian Cyrillic: Џубокс, trans. Jukebox) was a Yugoslav music magazine. Launched in 1966, it was the first magazine in SFR Yugoslavia dedicated predominantly to rock music and the first rock music magazine to be published in a communist country.
Yuri Kilin
Yuri Mihailovich Kilin (Russian: Юрий Михайлович Килин, born 1961) is a Russian historian and a professor of History Studies at the Petrozavodsk State University in Petrozavodsk. He has written extensively on Russo-Finnish and Karelian historical conflicts. Kilin graduated with honours in 1983. He received his Candidate of Sciences degree in Leningrad 1991, and Doctor of Sciences degree in Moscow 2000. Kilin has written in over 50 publications, including over 25 published aboard. His name has also transliterated as Juri Kilin.

Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (Russian: Петрозаводск, IPA: [pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk]; Karelian, Veps and Finnish: Petroskoi; Ludian: Petrouskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). The population of the city is 280,890 as of 2022.
Trailing Trouble
Trailing Trouble is a 1930 American Western film directed by Arthur Rosson, written by Harold Tarshis, and starring Hoot Gibson. It was released on March 23, 1930, by Universal Pictures. The title was also seen as Trailin' Trouble.

Art Acord
Arthemus Ward "Art" Acord (April 17, 1890 – January 4, 1931) was an American silent film actor and rodeo champion. After his film career ended in 1929, Acord worked in rodeo road shows and as a miner in Mexico.
Brown parrotbill
The brown parrotbill (Paradoxornis unicolor) is a parrotbill found in the central and eastern Himalayas. It is also known as the brown suthora. This is a 17–19 cm (6.7–7.5 in) long grey-brown bird with a long tail and a characteristic small, yellowish, parrot-like bill. A dark stripe runs above the eyes and along the sides of the crown. The bird moves in small groups and will sometimes join mixed species foraging flocks. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.

Originally described by Brian Houghton Hodgson in the genus Hemirhynchus, this species was later moved to the genus Heteromorpha. It is now usually treated as a member of the family Paradoxornithidae, where its closest relative is the three-toed parrotbill. Subspecies canaster, described by Thayer and Bangs in 1912 from Hsikang, and saturatior, described by Rothschild in 1921 from Yunnan, are generally not considered valid.

Brian Houghton Hodgson
Brian Houghton Hodgson (1 February 1801 – 23 May 1894) was a pioneer naturalist and ethnologist working in India and Nepal where he was a British Resident. He described numerous species of birds and mammals from the Himalayas, and several birds were named after him by others such as Edward Blyth. He was a scholar of Newar Buddhism and wrote extensively on a range of topics relating to linguistics and religion. He was an opponent of the British proposal to introduce English as the official medium of instruction in Indian schools.
Lisa Kruger
Lisa Kruger (born 4 September 2000) is a Dutch swimmer who is a member of the Dutch Paralympic team.

She competes in the S10/SB9/SM10 classifications and her best event is the SB9 100 m breaststroke, winning the Paralympic gold medal and breaking a World  and Paralympic record (1.15.47) at the Summer Paralympics in Rio the Janeiro, on 8 September 2016. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, in Women's 100 metre breaststroke SB9, winning a silver medal; Women's 100 metre freestyle S10, winning a bronze medal; Women's 100 metre backstroke S10, winning a bronze medal; and Women's 200 metre individual medley SM10, winning  a bronze medal.

Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Swimming at the 2016 Paralympic Games was held from 8 to 17 September 2016 at Rio Olympic Aquatics Stadium. The competition consisted of 152 events, across multiple classifications, and all swum in a long course (50-metre) pool. Up to 600 swimmers (340 males, 260 females) competed in the Games. With 152 events, swimming came second only to athletics as the largest sport at the 2016 Games.
Douglas Mine
The Douglas Mine, also known as the Douglas and Echo Mine, is a mineral sands mine near the town of Balmoral, Victoria, Australia. It was established in 2006 to mine rutile and zircon, and then closed in 2012. Watpac estimated that it extracted 7.5 million tonnes of mineral sands from the mine.

Rutile
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.

Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispersion. Owing to these properties, it is useful for the manufacture of certain optical elements, especially polarization optics, for longer visible and infrared wavelengths up to about 4.5 micrometres. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum.

Rutile derives its name from the Latin rutilus ('red'), in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light. Rutile was first described in 1803 by Abraham Gottlob Werner using specimens obtained in Horcajuelo de la Sierra, Madrid (Spain), which is consequently the type locality.
Peace makers
Peacemakers are individuals and organizations involved in peacemaking, often in countries affected by war, violent conflict, and political instability. They engage in processes such as negotiation, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration—drawing on international law and norms.

Conciliation
Conciliation is an alternative dispute resolution process whereby the parties to a dispute rely on a neutral third-party known as the conciliator, to assist them in solving their dispute. The conciliator, who may meet with the parties both separately and together, does this by: lowering tensions, improving communication, interpreting issues, and assisting parties in finding a mutually acceptable outcome.

Unlike litigation or arbitration, conciliation is a voluntary, confidential, and flexible method aimed at resolving conflicts without the need for formal legal proceedings. The conciliation process has no legal standing and the decision made by the conciliator is not binding. The conciliator usually has no authority to seek evidence or call witnesses, usually writes no decision, and makes no award.