hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eady Levy
The Eady Levy was a tax on box-office receipts in the United Kingdom, intended to support the British film industry. It was introduced in 1950 as a voluntary levy as part of the Eady plan, named after Sir Wilfred Eady, a Treasury official. The levy, paid into the British Film Production Fund, was made compulsory in 1957 and terminated in 1985.

Box office
A box office or ticket office is a place where tickets are sold to the public for admission to an event. Patrons may perform the transaction at a countertop, through a hole in a wall or window, or at a wicket. By extension, the term is frequently used, especially in the context of the film industry, as a metonym for the amount of business a particular production, such as a film or theatre show, receives. The term is also used to refer to a ticket office at an arena or a stadium.
Earth's crustal evolution
Earth's crustal evolution involves the formation, destruction and renewal of the rocky outer shell at that planet's surface.

The variation in composition within the Earth's crust is much greater than that of other terrestrial planets. Mars, Venus, Mercury and other planetary bodies have relatively quasi-uniform crusts unlike that of the Earth which contains both oceanic and continental plates. This unique property reflects the complex series of crustal processes that have taken place throughout the planet's history, including the ongoing process of plate tectonics.

The proposed mechanisms regarding Earth's crustal evolution take a theory-orientated approach. Fragmentary geologic evidence and observations provide the basis for hypothetical solutions to problems relating to the early Earth system. Therefore, a combination of these theories creates both a framework of current understanding and also a platform for future study.

Magmatism
Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks. It does so through magmatic activity or igneous activity,  the production, intrusion and extrusion of magma or lava. Volcanism is the surface expression of magmatism.

Magmatism is one of the main processes responsible for mountain formation. The nature of magmatism depends on the tectonic setting. For example, andesitic magmatism is associated with the formation of  island arcs at convergent plate boundaries while basaltic magmatism is found at mid-ocean ridges during sea-floor spreading at divergent plate boundaries.

On Earth, magma forms by partial melting of silicate rocks either in the mantle, continental or oceanic crust. Evidence for magmatic activity is usually found in the form of igneous rocks formed from magma.
Geraldine (song)
"Geraldine" is a 2008 single by Scottish indie rock band Glasvegas. It was released on 23 June 2008 and reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart. It also reached number one on the Scottish Singles Chart.

According to the NME website:

This song is about a woman called Geraldine, a social worker who apparently gave up her job to follow the band about, officially to flog their merch but, you suspect, also to offer professional support to James Allan and his ever-quaking heart.

On the album, the 20 second intro to "Geraldine" is tacked onto the end of preceding song "Flowers & Football Tops," giving "Geraldine" a 3:45 run time. The single version of "Geraldine" includes this intro, making it 4:06. The song was nominated for Best International Song at the 2008 Swedish Rockbjörnen awards.

Rockbjörnen
Rockbjörnen (Swedish: the Rock Bear) is a music prize in Sweden, divided into several categories, which is awarded annually by the newspaper Aftonbladet. The prize was first awarded in 1979, and is mostly centered on pop and rock.

In 2010, Rockbjörnen was redone and focused more on live performances. This initiative was hailed by artists and industry. The period for selecting the winners of Rockbjörnen was extended from one month to three months (all summer).
Rocky Mountain Foothills
The Rocky Mountain Foothills are an upland area flanking the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, extending from the Liard River in British Columbia southward into Alberta.  Bordering the Interior Plains system, they are part of the Rocky Mountain System or Eastern System of the Western Cordillera of North America.

Liard River
The Liard River of the North American boreal forest flows through Yukon, British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, Canada.  Rising in the Saint Cyr Range of the Pelly Mountains in southeastern Yukon, it flows 1,115 km (693 mi) southeast through British Columbia, marking the northern end of the Rocky Mountains and then curving northeast back into Yukon and Northwest Territories, draining into the Mackenzie River at Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories. The river drains approximately 277,100 km2 (107,000 sq mi) of boreal forest and muskeg.
T. S. Sullivant
Thomas Starling Sullivant (November 4, 1854 – August 7, 1926) was an American cartoonist who signed his work T. S. Sullivant.  His work appeared most frequently in the pages of the humorous Life magazine.  Best known for his animal and ethnic caricatures, he also drew political cartoons and comic strip toppers, and illustrated children's books.  He drew in a heavily cross-hatched pen-and-ink style, with humans and animals depicted with greatly exaggerated features that are nevertheless firmly rooted in his understanding of correct anatomy.

Topper (comic strip)
A topper in comic strip parlance is a small secondary strip seen along with a larger Sunday strip. In the 1920s and 1930s, leading cartoonists were given full pages in the Sunday comics sections, allowing them to add smaller strips and single-panel cartoons to their page.

Toppers usually were drawn by the same artist as the larger strip. These strips usually were positioned at the top of the page (hence their name), but they sometimes ran beneath the main strip.
Marasmius midnapurensis
Marasmius midnapurensis is a species of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae that was first described scientifically in 2014. It is known only from its type locality, in the Midnapur district of West Bengal (India), where it grows on the dried leaves and wood of Acacia. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer DNA suggests that the fungus is a species distinct from close relatives such as M. jasminodorus and M. aurantioferrugineus, and that it should be classified in Marasmius section Sicci.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
Mrowina-Kolonia
Mrowina-Kolonia [mrɔˈvina kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczewsko, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Kluczewsko, 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Włoszczowa, and 54 km (34 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Włoszczowa
Włoszczowa [vwɔˈʂt͡ʂɔva] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Kielce. It is the capital of Włoszczowa County. Population is 10,657 (2010). Włoszczowa lies in historic Lesser Poland. The town has the area of 30 km2 (12 sq mi) (11 sq miles).
Spar (aeronautics)
In a fixed-wing aircraft, the spar is often the main structural member of the wing, running spanwise at right angles (or thereabouts depending on wing sweep) to the fuselage. The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings while on the ground. Other structural and forming members such as ribs may be attached to the spar or spars, with stressed skin construction also sharing the loads where it is used. There may be more than one spar in a wing or none at all. Where a single spar carries most of the force, it is known as the main spar.

Spars are also used in other aircraft aerofoil surfaces such as the tailplane and fin and serve a similar function, although the loads transmitted may be different from those of a wing spar.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
James Yorke (bishop)
James Yorke (9 March 1730 – 26 August 1808) was a British clergyman.

Yorke was the son of Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, and Margaret Cocks.

He was educated at Newcome's School, proceeding in 1748 to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (M.A. 1752, D.D. 1770).

Newcome's School
Newcome's School was a boys' school in Hackney, then to the east of London, founded in the early 18th century. A number of prominent Whig families sent their sons there. The school closed in 1815, and the buildings were gutted in 1820. In 1825 the London Orphan Asylum opened on the site. Today the Clapton Girls' Academy is located here.
Flag of Somaliland
The flag of Somaliland (Somali: Calanka Soomaaliland; Arabic: علم صوماليلاند) was adopted on 14 October 1996. It consists of a tricolour of green, white, and red, with a black star located in the centre. On the green stripe, there is the Shahada in white calligraphic script.

The Constitution of Somaliland, as approved on 31 May 2001 by referendum, states at Article 7, that "the flag of the Republic of Somaliland shall consist of three horizontal, parallel and equal sections, the top section, which is coloured green and has inscribed in its midst in white in Arabic language La Ilaha Ill-Allah, Muhammadan Rasulullah (Arabic: لا إله إلاَّ الله محمد رسول الله, 'There is no god except for Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah'); the middle section is white and has at its centre a black star; and the bottom section is coloured red."

Kudu
The kudus are two species of antelope of the genus Tragelaphus:

Lesser kudu, Tragelaphus imberbis, of eastern Africa

Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros, of eastern and southern Africa

The two species look similar, though greaters are larger than lessers. A large adult male greater kudu stands over 5 feet (1.5 m) tall at the shoulder, and a large male lesser kudu stands about 4 feet (1.2 m) tall. Males of both species have long horns, which point upward and slightly back, curling in a corkscrew shape.
Paul H. Silverman
Paul Hyman Silverman (October 8, 1924 – July 15, 2004) was an American medical researcher in the fields of immunology, epidemiology, and parasitology. He was recognized for his research on stem cells and on the human genome.

Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of DNA sequences for each of the 22 autosomes and the two distinct sex chromosomes (X and Y). A small DNA molecule is found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome.

Human genomes include both genes and various other types of functional DNA elements. The latter is a diverse category that includes regulatory DNA scaffolding regions, telomeres, centromeres, and origins of replication. In addition, there are large numbers of transposable elements, inserted viral DNA, non-functional pseudogenes and simple, highly repetitive sequences. Introns make up a large percentage of the human genome.

Some of the genome is non-functional junk DNA, such as pseudogenes, but there is no firm consensus on the total amount of junk DNA.
Hope Simpson Enquiry
The Report on Immigration, Land Settlement and Development, commonly referred to as the Hope Simpson Enquiry or the Hope Simpson Report, was a British Commission managed by Sir John Hope Simpson, established during August 1929 to address Immigration, Land Settlement and Development issues in British Mandate of Palestine, as recommended by the Shaw Commission, after the widespread 1929 Palestine riots.

The report was dated October 1, 1930, but was released on October 21, 1930. The report recommended limiting Jewish immigration based on the economic absorptive capacity of Palestine. The Passfield White Paper was also dated October 1, 1930, and recommended similar limiting of Jewish immigration.

Sir
Sir is a formal honourific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exists in French only as part of "Monsieur" lit. 'my lord'.

Traditionally, as governed by law and custom, Sir is used for men who are knights and belong to certain orders of chivalry, as well as later applied to baronets and other offices.

As the female equivalent for knighthood is damehood, the suo jure female equivalent term is typically Dame. The wife of a knight or baronet tends to be addressed as Lady, although a few exceptions and interchanges of these uses exist.

Additionally, since the late modern period, Sir has been used as a respectful way to address a man of superior social status or military rank. Equivalent terms of address for women are Madam (shortened to Ma'am), in addition to social honourifics such as Mrs, Ms, or Miss.
Aric Putnam
Aric Putnam (/ˈɛərɪk ˈpʌtnəm/ AIR-ik PUTT-nəm; born July 7, 1972) is an American politician and a member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL), he represents District 14, which includes parts of Benton, Sherburne, and Stearns counties in central Minnesota.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Thirsty (Marvin Sapp album)
Thirsty is the seventh album by Marvin Sapp and his fourth release on Verity Records. The album was commercially successful, peaking at number 28 on the U.S. Billboard 200, number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and number 1 on the Top Gospel Albums chart. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on July 9, 2008 and has sold over 712,000 copies as of March 2010. On January 31, 2020, the album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, for 1 million units, making it Marvin Sapp's best selling album of his solo career and one of the best-selling gospel albums of all time.

The song "Praise Him in Advance" was featured on the first disc of the 2010 gospel compilation album WOW Gospel 2010.

WOW Gospel 2010
WOW Gospel 2010 is a gospel music compilation album from the WOW series.  It was released on January 26, 2010, and features thirty gospel hits on a double CD set.  The album cover pays tribute to Detroit, Michigan.  The album held number one position for several weeks on Billboard's Top Gospel Albums chart, and reached number 40 on the Billboard 200 chart in 2010.

WOW Gospel 2010 features five songs which peaked at number one on the Hot Gospel chart:  Souled Out, Back II Eden, It Ain't Over, They That Wait and I Trust You.
Pennsylvania Stoners
Pennsylvania Stoners was a name used by two different American soccer clubs, both based in the Lehigh Valley.  The first club competed in the American Soccer League, which was unofficially the second division of professional outdoor soccer at the time, from 1979 to 1983.  The Stoners name was revived for a team that competed in the National Premier Soccer League, a national amateur league at the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid, in 2008 and 2009.

J. Birney Crum Stadium
J. Birney Crum Stadium is a 15,000-capacity outdoor stadium in Allentown, Pennsylvania, used predominantly by three Allentown-based high school football teams. As of 2024, it is the largest high school football stadium in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

This stadium serves as the home football field for each of Allentown's three high schools: Allen High School, Dieruff High School, and Allentown Central Catholic High School, each of which compete in the Eastern Pennsylvania Conference, one of the premiere high school athletic conferences in the nation.
Ambush (1939 film)
Ambush is a 1939 American drama film directed by Kurt Neumann and written by Laura Perelman and S. J. Perelman. The film stars Gladys Swarthout, Lloyd Nolan, William "Bill" Henry, William Frawley, Ernest Truex and Broderick Crawford. The film was released on January 20, 1939, by Paramount Pictures.

Lloyd Nolan
Lloyd Benedict Nolan (August 11, 1902 – September 27, 1985) was an American stage, film and television actor who rose from a supporting player and B-movie lead early in his career to featured player status after creating the role of Captain Queeg in Herman Wouk's play The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial in the mid-1950s. Nolan won a Best Actor Emmy Award reprising the part in 1955 TV play based on Wouk's tale of military justice. Additionally, he starred in the Mike Shayne detective films, and the groundbreaking sitcom Julia starring Diahann Carroll.
Lee Asher
Lee Asher (born 1976) is a close-up magician noted for originating new card tricks and hypnotic sleight of hand moves. He is considered an expert in playing cards, and as a collector is especially known for his work with 52 Plus Joker, the American Playing Card Collectors Club, of which he is the serving President.  He has served as a magic consultant for professional magicians such as Greg Frewin.

Jerry's Nugget playing cards
In 1970, the Jerry's Nugget Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada printed a special deck of playing cards that was not used in their casino, but was sold in their gift shop for fifty cents each. These decks have become highly desired by collectors due to their unique handling qualities, and more than fifty years later they now fetch upwards of $500 per deck on the second-hand market.

The signature design of the card backs shows an image of the oil derrick sign from the parking lot of the casino, set against a solid blue or red background.  This sign also appears on the deck's joker.
Pat Kavanagh (Kilkenny hurler)
Patrick Kavanagh (born 10 November 1945) is an Irish former hurler. He enjoyed a 20-year club career, lining out with Rower–Inistioge, University College Dublin and Borris–Ileigh, and was also a member of the Kilkenny senior hurling team.

1973 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1973 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 13th staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. The championship ran from 22 April to 16 September 1973.

Tipperary were the defending champions, however, they declined to field a team.

The All-Ireland final was played at Walsh Park in Waterford on 16 September 1973 between Kilkenny and London, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kilkenny won the match by 5-15 to 2-09 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.

Kilkenny's Shem Muldowney was the championship's top scorer with 6-11.
Shooting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's 50 metre rifle 3 positions SH1
The Women's 50 metre rifle 3 positions SH1 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on 6 September at the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 20 shots with a rifle at 50 metres distance from each of the prone, "standing" and kneeling positions. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10.

The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 10 shots in the standing position. These shots scored in increments of .1, with a maximum score of 10.9. The total score from all 70 shots was used to determine final ranking.

Woolwich
Woolwich (/ˈwʊlɪtʃ, -ɪdʒ/) is a market town in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throughout the 16th to 20th centuries. After several decades of economic hardship and social deprivation, the area now has several large-scale urban renewal projects.
Kelly McGarry
Kelly McGarry (17 April 1982 – 1 February 2016) was a professional New Zealand freeride mountain biker and X-Games Athlete.  He was known for his best trick award in the 2013 Red Bull Rampage when he backflipped a 72-foot canyon gap. The video of the flip went viral on YouTube, getting over 200 million views. McGarry was one of the most prolific and recognised participants in the sport of freeride mountain biking. His participation in Crankworx events made him a recognisable figure in the sport, and in 2015, McGarry held the record for most consecutive appearances at the event.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
Rick Heller
Rick Heller is an American college baseball coach and former shortstop, who is the current head baseball coach of the Iowa Hawkeyes. Heller played college baseball at Upper Iowa for head coach Bill Prochaska from 1982 to 1986. He then served as the head coach for the Upper Iowa Peacocks (1988–1999), the Northern Iowa Panthers (2000–2009) and the Indiana State Sycamores (2010–2013). He has been the head coach at the University of Iowa since 2014.

Northern Iowa Panthers
The Northern Iowa Panthers are the athletic teams of the University of Northern Iowa. The university is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference and competes in NCAA Division I (Division I FCS in football).
2012 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco – Doubles
Mikhail Elgin and Alexander Kudryavtsev were the defending champions, but decided not to participate.
Konstantin Kravchuk and Denys Molchanov won the title, defeating Adrian Mannarino and Maxime Teixeira 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

Maxime Teixeira
Maxime Teixeira (born 18 January 1989) is a French former professional tennis player. He competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures circuit, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 154 in March 2012, and his highest ATP doubles ranking of No. 256 in July 2015.