hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Copyright law of Cameroon
Copyright in Cameroon generally lasts for life plus 50 years.

Cameroon has entered into the following copyright agreements:

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works - 21 September 1964

Universal Copyright Convention (Geneva) - 1 May 1973

Universal Copyright Convention (Paris) - 10 July 1974

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - 13 December 1995

Universal Copyright Convention
Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) is an international instrument which was drawn up in 1952 under the auspices of UNESCO. The UCC was adopted in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1952, and enforced in 1955. It is one of the two principal international conventions protecting copyright; the other is the Berne Convention.
Marsha Barbour
Marsha Dickson Barbour (born in Monroeville, Alabama) was the first lady of the U.S. state of Mississippi from 2004 to 2012. She is the wife of Mississippi's 63rd governor, Haley Barbour.

Marsha Barbour grew up in Monroeville, Alabama. She moved with her family to Canton, Mississippi in 1965. She graduated from Canton High School and the University of Mississippi with a Bachelor of Business Administration in 1970.

Marsha and Haley Barbour were married in December 1971 in Canton, Mississippi. After the wedding, the couple moved to his hometown of Yazoo City, Mississippi. They have two adult sons.

Following Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, she worked on relief efforts along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

Canton, Mississippi
Canton is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Mississippi, United States, and is situated in the northern part of the metropolitan area surrounding the state capital, Jackson. The population of Canton was 10,948 at the 2020 census, down from 13,189 in 2010.

The city is adjacent to a large auto manufacturing facility owned by Nissan.
2014 Democratic Party (HK) leadership election
The Democratic Party leadership election was held on 14 December 2012 for the 30-member 11th Central Committee of the Democratic Party in Hong Kong, including chairperson and two vice-chairperson posts. Incumbent Chairperson Emily Lau secured her post against three other candidates after two rounds of election.

Wong Tai Sin District Council
The Wong Tai Sin District Council (Chinese: 黃大仙區議會; noted as WTS) is one of 18 such district councils in Hong Kong, representing the Wong Tai Sin District. The Wong Tai Sin District Council currently consists of 20 members, two members were each elected from one of 2 constituencies, 8 district committee members, and 8 appointed members. The latest election was held on 10 December 2023.
Hook
A hook is a tool consisting of a length of material, typically metal, that contains a portion that is curved/bent back or has a deeply grooved indentation, which serves to grab, latch or in any way attach itself onto another object. The hook's design allows traction forces to be relayed through the curved/indented portion to and from the proximal end of the hook, which is either a straight shaft (known as the hook's shank) or a ring (sometimes called the hook's "eye") for attachment to a thread, rope or chain, providing a reversible attachment between two objects.

In many cases, the distal end of the hook is sharply pointed to enable penetration into the target material, providing a firmer anchorage. Some hooks, particularly fish hooks, also have a barb, a backwards-pointed projection near the pointed end that functions as a secondary "mini-hook" to catch and trap surrounding material, ensuring that the hook point cannot be easily pulled back out once embedded in the target.

Crochet hook
A crochet hook (or crochet needle) is an implement used to make loops in thread or yarn and to interlock them into crochet stitches. It is a round shaft pointed on one end, with a lateral groove behind it. The point eases the insertion of the hook through the material being crocheted and the groove makes it possible to pull a loop back through the material. The shaft is then divided into a working area that determines the hook's nominal diameter and ensures the uniform sizing of the loops formed on it, and a handle.
Sulaiman Al-Shukaili
Sulaiman Said Saif Al-Shukaili (Arabic: سليمان سعيد سيف الشكيلي; born 29 October 1984), commonly known as Sulaiman Al-Shukaili, is an Omani footballer who plays for Muscat Club in the Oman First Division League.

Oman First Division League
The Oman First Division League (known as the Omantel First Division League for sponsorship purposes) is the second-highest football league in Oman. Contested by 12 teams, the top 2 replace the bottom two in the Oman Professional League, while the third-placed faces the third-last-placed team in a play-off to gain promotion.
Dalius Čekuolis
Dalius Čekuolis (born 29 March 1959) is a Lithuanian career diplomat who was Lithuania's Permanent Representative to the UN from 2006 to 2012, and since 2019 is Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania. Previously, he served as the President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), a primary organ of the United Nations (2007), Chair of the Third Biennial Meeting of States to Consider the Implementation of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects (2008), Co-Chairman of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Revitalization of the General Assembly (2010-2011), as well as the Vice-minister of Foreign Affairs and an ambassador of Lithuania to several European countries.

Small arms trade
The small arms trade (also called small arms proliferation and the small arms market) is the markets of both authorized and illicit small arms and light weapons (SALW), as well as their parts, accessories, and ammunition.
Rogaland Police District
Rogaland Police District (Norwegian: Rogaland politidistrikt) is one of 27 police districts in Norway, covering Rogaland except Haugalandet. The district is headquartered in Stavanger and consists of three police stations, at Stavanger, Sandnes and Eigersund, and 13 sheriff's offices. The district is led by Chief of Police Hans Vik.  As of 2011 the district had 738 employees. The chief of police is responsible for the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre of Southern Norway at Sola. The police district was created in 2003 as a merger between the former Rogaland Police District and Stavanger Police District.

The easiest way to contact the police in Rogaland is by telephone, emergency ☎ 112, non-emergency calls at ☎ 02800 or ☎ (+47) 51 89 90 00.

112 (emergency telephone number)
112 is a common emergency telephone number that can be dialed free of charge from most mobile telephones and, in some countries, fixed telephones in order to reach emergency services (ambulance, fire and rescue, police).

112 is a part of the GSM standard and all GSM-compatible telephone handsets are able to dial 112 even when locked or, in some countries, with no SIM card present. It is also the common emergency number in nearly all member states of the European Union as well as several other countries of Europe and the world. 112 is often available alongside other numbers historically used in the given country to access emergency services. In some countries, calls to 112 are not connected directly but forwarded by the GSM network to local emergency numbers (e.g., 911 in North America, 999 in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, and 000 in Australia).
Trevor Loudon
Trevor Loudon is a New Zealand author, speaker, political activist, blogger, and far-right conspiracy theorist. He was vice president of ACT New Zealand, a classical liberal and right-libertarian political party from 2006 to 2008.

Loudon is the author of five self-published books on U.S. politics, and was featured in a 2016 documentary titled Enemies Within. He also founded the website KeyWiki.org, a wiki-format project, which contains articles on left-wing and centre-left political groups, as well as articles about non-famous individuals within communist parties, primarily in the United States, and lists the names of their members.

CreateSpace
On-Demand Publishing, LLC, doing business as CreateSpace, was a self-publishing service owned by Amazon. The company was founded in 2000 in South Carolina as BookSurge and or acquired by Amazon in 2005.

CreateSpace published books containing any content at all, other than just placeholder text. It neither edited nor verified. Books were printed on demand, meaning each volume was produced in response to an actual purchase on Amazon.

CreateSpace continued its publishing services for 8 years until its transfer to Amazon's Media on Demand. By 2018, it had published 1,416,384 books for over 15,000 authors.

In July 2018, CreateSpace announced it would be transferring media to Amazon's Media on Demand services in the following months. CreateSpace merged with Amazon's Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) service later that year.
Lists of Japanese films
Lists of films produced in Japan include:

List of Japanese films before 1910

List of Japanese films of the 1910s

List of Japanese films of the 1920s

List of Japanese films of the 1930s

List of Japanese films of the 1940s

Lists of Japanese films of the 1950s

Lists of Japanese films of the 1960s

Lists of Japanese films of the 1970s

Lists of Japanese films of the 1980s

Lists of Japanese films of the 1990s

Lists of Japanese films of the 2000s

Lists of Japanese films of the 2010s

Lists of Japanese films of the 2020s

List of highest-grossing Japanese films

Lists of Japanese films of the 1950s
The following are lists of films produced in Japan in the 1950s:

List of Japanese films of 1950

List of Japanese films of 1951

List of Japanese films of 1952

List of Japanese films of 1953

List of Japanese films of 1954

List of Japanese films of 1955

List of Japanese films of 1956

List of Japanese films of 1957

List of Japanese films of 1958

List of Japanese films of 1959
Bruno Heck
Bruno Heck (20 January 1917 – 16 September 1989) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Heck was born into a poor Swabian catholic family. He studied philosophy and theology at the University of Tübingen. From 1957 to 1976, Heck was a member of the German Bundestag.

Heck was Minister of Family Affairs and Youth from 1962 to 1968. After the resignation of the FDP ministers in 1966, he additionally headed the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development for a short time.

Heck headed the Konrad Adenauer Foundation from 1968 to 1989. The Bruno Heck Science Prize, awarded biannually by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, was named in his honour.

Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historical and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the historic settlement area of the  Germanic tribe alliances named Alemanni and Suebi.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the early modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 800,000 by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, out of a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.
Newton Grange, Derbyshire
Newton Grange is a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of central Derbyshire. For administrative purposes it shares a parish council with the neighbouring parish of Eaton and Alsop. When the parish council was instituted in its present form in 1974, the parish contained eight farms (one of which gives the parish its name) and four dwellings. The western boundary of the parish is the River Dove, including the eastern side of part of Dovedale.

The A515 road between Buxton and Ashbourne, and the Tissington Trail, a cycleway and footpath following a former railway between the same two towns, run north–south through the parish. The tree-covered bowl barrow of Moat Low, a scheduled monument, is a prominent hilltop landmark to the west of the main road.

Ashbourne line
The Ashbourne line was a 33+1⁄2 mi (53.9 km) railway from Buxton via Ashbourne to Uttoxeter. It was built by the London and North Western Railway using a section of the Cromford and High Peak Railway (C&HPR) and it joined the North Staffordshire Railway at Ashbourne, proceeding to Uttoxeter with a junction onto the main line at Rocester.
Roshan Biyanwila
Air Vice-Marshal Roshan Biyanwila VSV, USP, ndc, psc (also known as RS Biyanwila) is a senior Air officer of the Sri Lanka Air Force who is serving as Director General of the Sri Lanka Civil Security Force. Earlier, he was deputy Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Air Force. Before that, he was Director Administration at Air Force Headquarters from 2020 to 2022.

National Defence College (India)
The National Defence College, located in New Delhi, is a staff college and the highest seat of strategic learning for Defence Service and Civil Service officers. This is a very prestigious course attended only by a few hand-picked defence officers of One-Star rank and civil servants of the rank of Joint secretary to the Government of India. Each year, approximately 25 officers from friendly foreign countries like the US, UK, Canada, France, Germany, Australia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Nepal, UAE and others attend the course.

This college provides strategic leadership to the Government of India in national and international security matters and also acts as a think tank on defence matters and holds a very important position in shaping up the Indian defence outlook.
2021 Quito Challenger – Doubles
Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Alejandro Gómez and Thiago Agustín Tirante won the title after defeating Adrián Menéndez Maceiras and Mario Vilella Martínez 7–5, 6–7(5–7), [10–8] in the final.

Adrián Menéndez Maceiras
Adrián Menéndez Maceiras (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðɾjam meˈnendeθ maˈθejɾas]; born 28 October 1985) is a Spanish former tennis player. He has a career high-ranking singles of World No. 111, achieved in June 2015.

Menéndez Maceiras has reached the finals of fourteen Futures tournaments, winning nine of them. He has won four Challenger tournaments, lifting his maiden title at the 2007 Open Diputación Challenger in Pozoblanco, Spain defeating Dudi Sela in the final.
The Sciences (album)
The Sciences is the fourth studio album by American stoner/doom metal band Sleep. The album was released with little warning on April 20, 2018, through Third Man Records. It was the band's first full-length album since Dopesmoker (2003).

Just a month after the release of The Sciences, Sleep released the non-album song "Leagues Beneath" through Adult Swim's 2018 weekly single series.

Third Man Records
Third Man Records is an eclectic, vinyl-focused independent record label founded and owned by Jack White, Ben Blackwell, and Ben Swank. The company operates out of three locations—Nashville, Detroit, and Soho in London—with multiple entities expanding upon the offerings of a traditional record label, including multiple live music venues, vinyl pressing plant, film studio and dark room, guitar pedal and gear company, mastering studio, vinyl subscription service, and a publishing arm.
1892 Arkansas gubernatorial election
The 1892 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on September 5, 1892.

Incumbent Democratic Governor James Philip Eagle did not stand for re-election.

Democratic nominee William Meade Fishback defeated Republican nominee William G. Whipple and Populist nominee Jacob P. Carnahan with 57.70% of the vote.

Governor of Arkansas
The governor of Arkansas is the head of government of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the Arkansas government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

The current governor of Arkansas is Republican Sarah Huckabee Sanders, who was sworn in on January 10, 2023.
Intensional logic
Intensional logic is an approach to predicate logic that extends first-order logic, which has quantifiers that range over the individuals of a universe (extensions), by additional quantifiers that range over terms that may have such individuals as their value (intensions). The distinction between intensional and extensional entities is parallel to the distinction between sense and reference.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.
Jacob C. Gutman
Jacob Charles Gutman (March 19, 1890 – October 10, 1981) was an American businessman and philanthropist. With a group of businessmen he co-founded Philadelphia's Albert Einstein Medical Center in 1953; was president of Philadelphia's Federation of Jewish Agencies and its successor, the Allied Jewish Appeal; and in 1951 became the first Jewish vice-chairman of Philadelphia's United Way not born in the United States or Germany. He was president of Pressman-Gutman Corporation of New York City and Philadelphia, a textile manufacturing concern still in existence.

Gutman's son, Alvin C. "Vene" Gutman (1919–2011), subsequently president of Pressman-Gutman, and Alvin's wife, Mary Bert Gutman, built the Paul J. Gutman Library, the central library at Philadelphia University, in memory of their son, Paul J. Gutman, Jacob's grandson, a textile manufacturer affiliated with his grandfather's company. Paul J. Gutman died in an airplane accident in 1990.

Congregation Rodeph Shalom (Philadelphia)
Congregation Rodeph Shalom (Hebrew: רודף שלום, lit. 'Pursuer of Peace'), is a historic Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located at 615 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Established in 1795, it is the oldest Ashkenazic synagogue in the Western Hemisphere. It is noted historically for its leadership of the Reform movement among American Hebrew congregations, for its spiritual influence upon international Jewry, and for its unique 1927 Byzantine and Moorish Revival synagogue building, with Art Deco finishes, on North Broad Street, listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2007.
Kamil Ekim Alptekin
Kamil Ekim Alptekin (born 1977) is a Turkish businessman with real estate, aerospace, and consulting interests. He is the current Chairman of the Turkey-U.S. Business Council (TAİK) and an advocate for improved Turkish-American relations. His payments to Michael T. Flynn for research and lobbying work against the Gülen movement were central to a political controversy in American politics. Alptekin was indicted on December 12, 2018 on charges of conspiring to act as an agent of a foreign government and making false statements to investigators.
These charges were eventually dropped.

Aerospace
Aerospace refers to the technology and industry involved with the atmosphere and outer space collectively. Aerospace activity is very diverse, with a multitude of commercial, industrial, and military applications. Aerospace engineering consists of aeronautics and astronautics. Aerospace organizations research, design, manufacture, operate, maintain, and repair both aircraft and spacecraft.

The border between space and the atmosphere has been proposed as 100 kilometres (62.1 mi) above the ground according to the physical explanation that the air density is too low for a lifting body to generate meaningful lift force without exceeding orbital velocity. This border has been called the Kármán line.
Aram Chaos
Aram Chaos, centered at 2.6°N, 21.5°W, is a heavily eroded impact crater on Mars. It lies at the eastern end of the large canyon Valles Marineris and close to Ares Vallis. Various geological processes have reduced it to a circular area of chaotic terrain. Aram Chaos takes its name from Aram, one of the classical albedo features observed by Giovanni Schiaparelli, who named it after the Biblical land of Aram. Spectroscopic observation from orbit indicates the presence of the mineral hematite, likely a signature of a once aqueous environment.

Giovanni Schiaparelli
Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli ForMemRS HFRSE (/ˌskæpəˈrɛli, ˌʃæp-/ SKAP-ə-REL-ee, SHAP-, US also /skiˌɑːp-/ skee-AHP-, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni virˈdʒiːnjo skjapaˈrɛlli]; 14 March 1835 – 4 July 1910) was an Italian astronomer and science historian. Schiaparelli established the Martian system of nomenclature still in use today; before him, features of the planet bore the names of contemporary astronomers, similar to the lunar map of van Langren that preceded that of Hevelius.
Josie and the Pussycats (1970s band)
Josie and the Pussycats was a 1970s girl group designed to be the real-life incarnation of the eponymous fictional band in the Archie comic book and Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon series. The group was made up of Cathy Douglas (also known as Cathy Dougher, and whose real name was Kathleen Dougherty), Patrice Holloway, and Cherie Moor (later known as Cheryl Ladd).

Their bubblegum pop album of the same name was released by Capitol Records with Danny Janssen's La La Productions. The group also released six singles in 1970 and 1971. All of the songs were re-released on a 2001 compilation, Stop, Look and Listen – The Capitol Recordings.

Bobby Sherman
Robert Cabot Sherman Jr. (July 22, 1943 – June 24, 2025) was an American singer and actor who was a teen idol in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He had a series of successful singles, notably the million-seller "Little Woman" (1969). Sherman left show business in the 1970s for a career as a paramedic and a deputy sheriff, but performed occasionally into the 1990s.
Marie Vien
Marie Vien is a Canadian screenwriter from Quebec. She is most noted as co-writer with Léa Pool of the film The Passion of Augustine (La Passion d'Augustine), for which they received a Prix Iris nomination for Best Screenplay at the 18th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2016.

She subsequently wrote the films 14 Days, 12 Nights (14 jours 12 nuits), Arlette, One Summer (Le temps d'un été) and Kaboul, Montréal.

The Passion of Augustine
The Passion of Augustine (French: La passion d'Augustine) is a Canadian drama film from Quebec, directed by Léa Pool and released in 2015.

The film's cast also includes Anne-Élisabeth Bossé, Gilbert Sicotte, Marie Tifo, Danielle Fichaud, Lysandre Ménard, Andrée Lachapelle, Diane Lavallée and Laurie Babin.