hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assef Shawkat
Assef Shawkat (Arabic: آصف شوكت, romanized: ʾĀṣif Šawkat‎; 15 January 1950 – 18 July 2012) was a Syrian military officer and intelligence chief who was the Deputy Minister of Defense of Syria from September 2011 until his death in July 2012. He was the brother-in-law of former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, having married his older sister Bushra.

He and three other top Syrian government officials were killed on 18 July 2012 in Damascus during a deadly bomb attack allegedly organized by the Free Syrian Army, a coalition of Syrian opposition rebel groups. Shawkat was a key suspect in a terrorist attack in Beirut that killed Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri on 14 February 2005. US Department of Treasury had sanctioned Shawkat in 2006 for orchestrating the assassination, describing him as "a key architect" of the Syrian occupation of Lebanon.

Damascus University
Damascus University (Arabic: جامعة دمشق, romanized: Jāmiʾa Dimashq) is a public research university in Damascus, the capital city of Syria. It is the largest and oldest university in the country. It also operates satellite campuses in other Syrian cities.

It was founded in 1923 as the Syrian University (Arabic: الجامعة السورية, romanized: al-Jāmiʾa al-Sūriyya) through the merger of the Medical School (established 1903) and the Institute of Law (established 1913). It adopted its current name after the founding of the University of Aleppo in 1958.

Damascus University was one of the most reputable universities in the Arab World before the Syrian civil war started in 2011.

Damascus University consists of several faculties, higher institutes, intermediate institutes and a school of nursing. One of the institutions specializes in teaching the Arabic language to foreigners, which as of 2005 was the largest institution of its kind in the Arab world.
Media Trust
Media Trust is a privately held Nigerian newspaper publishing company based in Abuja that publishes the English-language Daily Trust, Weekly Trust, Sunday Trust and the Hausa-language Aminiya newspapers, as well as a new pan-African magazine, Kilimanjaro. It is one of the leading media companies in Nigeria.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Maalaala Mo Kaya season 28
Maalaala Mo Kaya (transl. Would you remember?; abbreviated MMK), also known as Memories in English, is a Philippine anthology series, which was first aired on May 15, 1991. MMK is the longest-running drama anthology on Philippine television. From March to November, re-runs of previous episodes are being aired due to the Community Quarantines halting their productions. Also, for the entire month of May and the first week of June, no episodes were aired due to the network's shut down. As of December 5, new episodes were shown for the first time since nine months of production hiatus due to pandemic.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Stangeland
Stangeland is a borough of the city of Sandnes in the west part of the large municipality of Sandnes in Rogaland county, Norway. The small, 1.8-square-kilometre (0.69 sq mi) borough has a population (2016) of 7,560.  The borough is located just southwest of downtown Sandnes.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Canton of Versailles-2
The canton of Versailles-2 is an administrative division of the Yvelines department, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Versailles.

It consists of the following communes:

Buc

Jouy-en-Josas

Les Loges-en-Josas

Vélizy-Villacoublay

Versailles (partly)

Viroflay

Vélizy-Villacoublay
Vélizy-Villacoublay (French pronunciation: [velizi vilakublɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris 13.9 km (8.6 mi) from the center and 3.2 km (2.0 mi) east of Versailles. Its inhabitants are called Véliziens.
Pavel Sulyandziga
Pavel Vasilievich Sulyandziga (Russian: Павел Васильевич Суляндзига born 20 February 1962 in Olon, Pozharsky District, Primorsky Kray) is a Russian indigenous rights activist of Udege ethnicity. He is a  member of  the UN Working Group on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, tasked with the dissemination of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and a former member of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation

Until 2010, he was the first vice president of the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) and member of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
The United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII or PFII) is the UN's central coordinating body for matters relating to the concerns and rights of the world's indigenous peoples. There are more than 370 million indigenous people (also known as native, original, aboriginal and first peoples) in some 70 countries worldwide.

The forum was created in 2000 as an outcome of the UN's International Year for the World's Indigenous People in 1993, within the first International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (1995–2004). It is an advisory body within the framework of the United Nations System that reports to the UN's Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
Raipur–Jabalpur Intercity Express
The 11701 / 11702 Raipur–Jabalpur Intercity Express is an Express train belonging to West Central Railway zone that runs between the city Raipur Junction of Chhattisgarh and Jabalpur Junction of Madhya Pradesh in India.

It operates as train number 11701 from Raipur Junction to Jabalpur Junction and as train number 11702 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh.

Gondia Junction railway station
Gondia Junction (station code: G) serves Gondia in Gondia district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is one of the important railway stations in India of South East central railways zone railways. This station is India's third and first in Vidarbha to get mist cooling system.Its falls under nagpur division
Friedle Olivier
Friedle Olivier (born 27 May 1992) is a professional South African rugby union player for the Enisei-STM in the Rugby Premier League. His regular position is as a number eight, but he played as a flanker and a lock earlier in his career.

Yenisey-STM Krasnoyarsk
Yenisey-STM Rugby Club is a Russian rugby union club founded in 1975. It is one of the two powerful Krasnoyarsk clubs, the other being their cross town rivals Krasny Yar. They participate in the Professional Rugby League, the premier rugby championship of Russia, and in 2015–16 qualified for the European Rugby Challenge Cup, making them the first Russian rugby union club ever to compete in a major European club competition. With an operating budget of €3.5m they are largest club in Russia.
Choi Mi-sun
Choi Mi-sun (Korean: 최미선, Korean pronunciation: [tɕʰwe̞.mi.sʌn]; born 1 July 1996) is a South Korean recurve archer. She won gold medal in the women's team event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

2015 Summer Universiade
The 2015 Summer Universiade (Korean: 2015년 하계 유니버시아드, romanized: Icheon sip-o nyeon Hagye Yunibeosiadeu), officially known as the XXVIII Summer Universiade (Korean: 제28회 하계 유니버시아드, romanized: Jeisippalhoe Hagye Yunibeosiadeu) and also known as Gwangju 2015 (Korean: 광주2015, romanized: Gwangju Icheon sip-o) was a multi-sport event for student and youth athletes sanctioned by the International University Sports Federation (FISU), held in the city of Gwangju, South Korea. It took place from July 3 to July 14, 2015.
De Fauw (surname)
Not to be confounded with De Pauw.

De Fauw or Defauw is a Belgian surname.

The name has many variants. It derives from Old French fou, fau, "beech", itself from Latin fagus, or, like the variants Defau and Defaut, it can indicate origin from Faux (Faulx) in Court-Saint-Étienne, Wallonia, or Faulx-les-Tombes, near Namur, also in Wallonia, or from Les Fawes, Liège. The etymology of these toponyms is either still from Latin fagus via Old French, or from Germanic *falisa, "cliff".

Notable people with the surname include:

Brad DeFauw, American professional ice hockey winger

Davy De fauw, Belgian footballer

Désiré Defauw, Belgian conductor and violinist

Dimitri De Fauw, Belgian cyclist

Dirk De fauw, Belgian politician

Ken De Fauw, Belgian cyclist

Rita Defauw, Belgian rower

Dimitri De Fauw
Dimitri De Fauw (13 July 1981 – 6 November 2009) was a Belgian professional road and track bicycle racer. He was born in Ghent. De Fauw competed on both the road and track but is best known for his crash during the 2006 Six Days of Ghent.

On 26 November, De Fauw collided with Spanish cyclist Isaac Gálvez during the madison portion of the Six Days of Ghent cycling event in Belgium. Both riders fell, though Gálvez crashed into the track's upper railing and was knocked unconscious. While medics resuscitated him at the scene, the Spaniard died of his injuries en route to hospital.

Despite continuing to race as a professional, De Fauw suffered from ongoing depression in the aftermath of Gálvez's death and was haunted by the accident. In an interview the following month, the 25-year-old De Fauw said, "I will carry this with me for the rest of my life. Only time can heal my wounds."

De Fauw died by suicide on 6 November 2009 in Belgium, shortly after competing in the Six Days of Grenoble.
Mahd al-Aadiyya
Mahd al-Aadiyya (Arabic: مَهد العادية) was supposedly an Arab poet from around 4000 BCE. She is unlikely to have existed: Rather she is a chronicle character who is portrayed uttering the earliest example of a muzdawaj (heroic couplet) form warning the people of ʿĀd of their impending destruction by Allah, in accordance with the prophecies of the prophet Hud.

Hud (prophet)
Hūd (Arabic: هود‎), sometimes called Eber, is believed in Islam to have been a messenger sent to ancient Arabia before Muhammad. Hud is repeatedly mentioned in the Quran  whose eleventh chapter is also named after him (although a small portion of it is actually about him).
Endoxyla leucomochla
Endoxyla leucomochla is a species of cossid moth endemic to Australia. The larva of the moth is commonly known as the "witchetty grub", and is widely used as bush tucker by Indigenous Australians.

The caterpillars of the species live in tunnels where they feed on the sap from the roots of the witchetty bush (Acacia kempeana) and the small cooba (Acacia ligulata). The caterpillar grows to a length of about 7 cm, and pupates underground inside its tunnel.

The adult moth is large (it has a wingspan of about 16 cm), with a fine mottled grey pattern and rusty red base on its wings. The moth has degenerate mouthparts, and is unable to feed itself, relying solely on nourishment obtained during its larval phase.

Gallery

Acacia ligulata
Acacia ligulata is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a dense, rounded shrub with bright yellow flower heads and is widespread in all states of mainland Australia. Its common names include sandhill wattle, umbrella bush, marpoo, dune wattle, small coobah, wirra, and watarrka (also spelt watarka).
Telamoptilia tiliae
Telamoptilia tiliae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan (Hokkaidō) and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 6.8–8 mm.

The larvae feed on Tilia maximowicziana. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Sea Gull (skipjack)
The  Sea Gull  is a Chesapeake Bay skipjack fishing boat, built in 1924 at Crisfield, Maryland. She is a 46.6-foot-long (14.2 m) two-sail bateau, or "V"-bottomed deadrise type of centerboard sloop. She has a beam of 15.9 feet (4.8 m), a depth of 4.3 feet (1.3 m), and a net register tonnage of 10.  She is one of the 35 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay skipjacks and a member of the last commercial sailing fleet in the United States. She is located at Deal Island, Somerset County, Maryland.

She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Skipjack (boat)
The skipjack is a traditional fishing boat used on the Chesapeake Bay for oyster dredging. It is a sailboat which succeeded the bugeye as the chief oystering boat on the bay, and it remains in service due to laws restricting the use of powerboats in the Maryland state oyster fishery.
Erik Masoero
Erik Masoero (born 2 January 1976 in Turin) is an Italian slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1992 to 2013.

He won a bronze medal in the C2 event at the 2007 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Foz do Iguaçu and again at the 2008 European Championships in Kraków.

Masoero also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of fifth in the C2 event in Beijing in 2008.

His partner in the C2 boat for most of his career was Andrea Benetti.

2008 European Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2008 European Canoe Slalom Championships took place at the Kraków-Kolna Canoe Slalom Course in Kraków, Poland between May 8 and 11, 2008 under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was the 9th edition. These championships also served as the Olympic qualification for the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Zari Hassan
Zarinah Hassan (born 23 September 1980), commonly known as Zari Hassan, alias Zari the Boss Lady, is a Ugandan socialite, musician, businesswoman and actress. She resides in South Africa.

She is the heiress and CEO of Brooklyn City College (BCC), a South Africa- based educational institute. It is diverse, and progressive. She co-founded BCC with her late husband Ivan Ssemwanga. BCC maintains the headquarters campus in Pretoria, with satellite campuses in Polokwane, Durban, Johannesburg, Nelspruit, Vereeniging and Rustenburg.

Vereeniging
Vereeniging (locally /fəˈrɪərnəxəŋ/ fə-REER-nə-khəng; Afrikaans pronunciation: [fəˈriənəχəŋ]) is a city located in the south of Gauteng province, South Africa, situated where the Klip River empties into the northern loop of the Vaal River. It is also one of the constituent parts of the Vaal Triangle region and was formerly situated in the Transvaal province. The name Vereeniging is the Dutch word meaning "association", although the spelling has since changed to vereniging, with a single e.
March 1940 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, March 23, 1940, with an umbral magnitude of −0.8802. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 8.5 hours after perigee (on March 23, 1940, at 11:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

It occurred on Easter Sunday (Gregorian only).: 152

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Risk metric
In the context of risk measurement, a risk metric is the concept quantified by a risk measure.  When choosing a risk metric, an agent is picking an aspect of perceived risk to investigate, such as volatility or probability of default.

Probability of default
Probability of default (PD) is a financial term describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations.

PD is used in a variety of credit analyses and risk management frameworks. Under Basel II, it is a key parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital for a banking institution.

PD is closely linked to the expected loss, which is defined as the product of the PD, the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD).
Hunguhungu
Hunguhungu or fedu is a form of traditional swaying circular dance performed by the women of the Garifuna people of Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala. The music for the dance is composed of rhythmic themes performed by three drummers with alternating call-and-response chanting, and displays a clear African heritage. It is sometimes combined with punta.

The hunguhungu is sometimes performed during a ritual called the adugurahani, or dugu, used by the Garifuna to communicate with their deceased ancestors. The dance is also performed by adult Garifuna women during the Holy Week of Easter to indicate sorrow or lamentation, and often contains topical elements expressive of the women's feelings toward current situations in their communities, with serious messages such as "A man who commits a crime, will only end up dead", or "A man who commits a crime, some day by the vultures circling overhead, we will find his body."

Garifuna
The Garifuna people (/ˌɡɑːriːˈfuːnə/ GAR-ee-FOO-nə or Spanish pronunciation: [ɡa'ɾifuna]; pl. Garínagu in Garifuna) are an Afro-Indigenous people of mixed free African and Amerindian ancestry that originated in the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent and traditionally speak Garifuna, an Arawakan language.

The Garifuna are the descendants of Indigenous Arawak and Kalinago (Island Carib) people, and Afro-Caribbean people. The founding population of the Central American diaspora, estimated at 2,500 to 5,000 persons, were transplanted to Roatán from Saint Vincent, which was known to the Garinagu as Yurumein, in the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. Small Garifuna communities still live in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The Garifuna diaspora abroad includes communities in Honduras, the United States, and Belize.
Toby Howe Cricket Ground
Toby Howe Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in Billericay, Essex.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1999, when Billericay Cricket Club played Wanstead Cricket Club in the 1999 Essex Premier League.

In 2000, the ground held a single List-A match between the Essex Cricket Board and Warwickshire in the 3rd round of the 2000 NatWest Trophy.

The ground has also held 21 Second XI fixtures between 1999 and present for the Essex Second XI in the Second XI Championship and Second XI Trophy.

In local domestic cricket, the ground is still the home venue of Billericay Cricket Club.

Billericay Cricket Club has produced Paul Walter, Nathan Batson and local hero Stuart Hynes.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
John H. Wilson Tunnels
The John H. Wilson Tunnels are a pair of highway tunnels passing through the Ko‘olau Range on the island of O‘ahu.  The tunnels are located on Likelike Highway (Route 63), which connects Kāneʻohe with Honolulu, and are 2775 feet (845.8 m) long westbound and 2813 feet (857.4 m) long eastbound, at .

The tunnels are named after former Honolulu Mayor John H. Wilson, who built the first carriage road over the Nu‘uanu Pali in 1898.  While mayor, Wilson advocated a tunnel connecting Kaneohe with Honolulu through Kalihi Valley.  The City and County of Honolulu spent US$12 million on the tunnels and highway. Construction started on the Honolulu-bound tunnel in January 1954, and the Kāneʻohe-bound tunnel in 1957. Five people died during their construction, and they were opened to traffic in November 1960.
The tunnels are now maintained by the Hawaii State Department of Transportation.

Koʻolau Range
Koʻolau Range (koʻolau means "windward" in Hawaiian) is the dormant fragmented remnant of the eastern or windward shield volcano of the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1972.
Zeltnera venusta
Zeltnera venusta is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common names California centaury, charming centaury and canchalagua. This centaury is native to much of  California, southern Oregon, and northwest Baja California.

It grows in many habitats up to elevations around 1300 meters. It is an annual wildflower rarely reaching half a meter in height. The pointed oval leaves grow opposite on the thin stems. The inflorescence is tipped with one or more showy star-shaped flowers, each with a white-centered magenta corolla about 2 centimeters wide.

Until 2004, it was placed in genus Centaurium as Centaurium venustum.

Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 105 genera and about 1650 species. Species in this family inhabit every continent except the antarctic, and have been used around the world for centuries as traditional medicine.