hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diamond-square algorithm
The diamond-square algorithm is a method for generating heightmaps for computer graphics. It is a slightly better algorithm than the three-dimensional implementation of the midpoint displacement algorithm, which produces two-dimensional landscapes.  It is also known as the random midpoint displacement fractal, the cloud fractal or the plasma fractal, because of the plasma effect produced when applied.

The idea was first introduced by Fournier, Fussell and Carpenter at SIGGRAPH in 1982.

The diamond-square algorithm starts with a two-dimensional grid, then randomly generates terrain height from four seed values arranged in a grid of points so that the entire plane is covered in squares.

Don Fussell
Don Fussell is an American computer scientist, currently the Trammell Crow Regents Professor at the University of Texas at Austin, and the chairman of its computer science department.

His research interests are in computer architecture, computer graphics, and computer systems. Dr. Fussell is the Director of the UT Laboratory for Realtime Graphics and Parallel Systems and an IC2 Fellow. He holds memberships with the Computer Engineering Research Center, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

Don Fussell earned his Bachelor of Science from Dartmouth College, attending from 1969-1973, and the MS and PhD in Applied Mathematics from The University of Texas at Dallas in 1977 and 1980 respectively.
Peter Beames
Peter Beames (born 13 September 1963) is an Australian former athlete.

An accountant by profession, Beames was Australia's national champion in the triple jump from 1985 to 1988. He was also a New Zealand national title holder. His best legal jump of 16.58m was set in Brisbane in 1988.

Beames was a triple jump bronze medalist at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, finishing behind English jumpers John Herbert and Mike Makin. Other performances included sixth place at the 1985 Pacific Conference Games, eighth at the 1985 IAAF World Cup and 14th at the 1987 IAAF World Indoor Championships.

Beames finished second behind Nigerian Joseph Taiwo at the British 1986 AAA Championships.

1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.

The Games were commemorated on the UK's first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew's saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.
Tansar
Tansar (Persian: تنسر) was a Zoroastrian Herbadan Herbad (Chief judge) in late Parthian Empire And one of the supporters of Ardashir I. Tansar was apparently a Parthian aristocrat, but he turned to Neoplatonic beliefs. Then he joined Ardashir I and became Herbadan Herbad during his reign. He was commissioned to collect the Avesta and died on an unknown date. Tansar's great work is his letter to Goshnasb, which is one of the most important writings in the collection of Middle Persian literature, which provides valuable information about the social and administrative organization of Iran during the Sassanid period.

Ahmad Tafazzoli
Ahmad Tafazzoli (December 16, 1937, Isfahan – January 15, 1997, Tehran) (Persian: احمد تفضلی) was an Iranian Iranist and professor of ancient Iranian languages and culture at Tehran University.

One of his most important books is Pre-Islamic Persian Literature. Jaleh Amouzegar contributed in editing it.

In January 1997, Ahmad Tafazzoli was found dead in Punak, a suburb northwest of Tehran near Jannat Abad. He was known to have contacts with Iranian academics working abroad, and many of his colleagues believed that the authorities were behind his death, as part of the chain murders of Iran. While the precise circumstances remained unclear, Tafazzoli's death created a climate of fear at the university and discouraged criticism of the government.
Ben Williams (footballer, born 1982)
Benjamin Philip Williams (born 27 August 1982) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He started his career at Manchester United, where he made pre-season appearances and was an unused substitute for a number of games. Williams was loaned out to several clubs, being Coventry City, Chesterfield, Altrincham and Crewe Alexandra.

Williams signed on a permanent deal with Crewe in 2004, after his release from Manchester United. He later played for Carlisle United, Colchester United, Hibernian, Bradford City, Bury, Blackpool and Bolton Wanderers.

Bolton Wanderers F.C. Reserves and Academy
Bolton Wanderers B team play their home games at the Eddie Davies Academy in Bolton.

Notable graduates of the squad include former captain Kevin Nolan, Republic of Ireland international Joey O'Brien and eventual first team regulars such as Nicky Hunt, Ricardo Vaz-Te, Josh Vela, Zach Clough, and Rob Holding.

Of the current squad, graduate Max Conway has featured most often at senior level, whilst Luke Hutchinson, Sam Inwood, Conor Lewis, Sonny Sharples-Ahmed, Max Conway, David Abimbola, Daeshon Lawrence, Harrison Rice, Oliver Smith, Sean Hogan, Harley Irwin, and Tobias Ritchie have also made appearances for the first team squad.
Boronia galbraithiae
Boronia galbraithiae, commonly known as the aniseed boronia or Galbraith's boronia, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to a small area in Victoria. It is an erect, woody, fennel-scented, hairless shrub with pinnate leaves and white to deep pink, four-petalled flowers arranged in groups in the leaf axils.

Fennel
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It is indigenous to the shores of the Mediterranean but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the sea coast and on riverbanks.

It is a highly flavorful herb used in cooking and, along with the similar-tasting anise, is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe. Florence fennel or finocchio (UK: /fɪˈnɒkioʊ/, US: /-ˈnoʊk-/, Italian: [fiˈnɔkkjo]) is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base (sometimes called bulb fennel) that is used as a vegetable.
Sandro Platzgummer
Sandro Platzgummer (born March 10, 1997) is an Austrian professional American football running back who is currently playing for the Frankfurt Galaxy in the European League of Football. He previously played for the New York Giants in the NFL. In Europe he originally played for the AFL team of the Swarco Raiders Tirol and the Austria national American football team.

Frankfurt Galaxy (ELF)
The Frankfurt Galaxy is a professional American football team in Frankfurt, Germany, that competes in the European Football Alliance (EFA). They played in the European League of Football (ELF) from 2021 to 2025, and won the ELF championship in 2021.
William le Vavasour
Sir William le Vavasour of Hazlewood, (c. 1131 - 29 June 1191) was the 1st Lord of Hazlewood, a prominent judge, a powerful land owner in Yorkshire (Hazlewood Castle) and one of the witnesses to the Charters of Sawley Abbey. The family seat at Hazlewood Castle should not be confused with the hamlet of Hazlewood near Skipton - they are some 30 miles apart and are not connected. William was born in Yorkshire, England to a noble Norman family. His father Sir Mauger le Vavasour III was a prominent knight and his great-grandfather Sir Mauger le Vavasour was the door-keeper to William the Conqueror. William is the patriarch and founder of the Vavasour family.

Lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers.
Puthiya Tamilagam
The Puthiya Tamilagam (transl. New Tamilagam; abbr. PT) is an Indian regional political party in Tamil Nadu. It was founded by the former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly K. Krishnasamy on 15 December 1997.

Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency
Dindigul is a Lok Sabha (Parliament of India) constituency in Tamil Nadu. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 22 of 39. It includes six Assembly constituencies like Athoor, Dindigul, Oddanchatram, Natham, Nilakottai and Palani.
Bruce Zimmerman
Bruce Zimmerman (born 11 June 1952) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and television producer.  Among the television series he has worked on are Criminal Minds, Desperate Housewives, CSI: NY, K-Ville, The District, Judging Amy, Reunion, So Weird, Street Time and Deputy. He has also written a number of movies for television, including the two "Inspectors" movies for Showtime.

Born in Sacramento, California, Zimmerman began his writing career while living in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, a small colonial town in the mountains of Central Mexico. He published four suspense novels featuring Quinn Parker, a therapist who specializes in treating phobias: Blood Under the Bridge (1989), Thicker Than Water (1991), Full-Bodied Red (1993) and Crimson Green (1994).

In 2011, he joined the writing staff of Criminal Minds, for which he has written eleven episodes so far, and now holds the rank of a co-executive producer.

Deputy (TV series)
Deputy is an American procedural drama television series created by Will Beall. The project started development in October 2018. Fox made a put pilot commitment in January 2019 and then ordered to series in May 2019. The series aired from January 2 to March 26, 2020. In April 2020, Fox canceled the series after one season.
CrunchBang Linux
CrunchBang Linux (abbreviated #!) is an unmaintained Linux distribution derived from Debian by Philip Newborough (who is more commonly known by his username, corenominal).

CrunchBang was designed to use comparatively few system resources. Instead of a desktop environment it used a customized implementation of the Openbox window manager. Many of its preinstalled applications used the GTK+ widget toolkit.

CrunchBang had its own software repository but drew the vast majority of packages from Debian's repositories.

Philip Newborough announced on 6 February 2015 that he had stopped developing CrunchBang and that users would benefit from using vanilla Debian. Some Linux distributions have arisen in its place in an effort to continue its environment. Among the most significant are BunsenLabs and CrunchBang++.

Widget toolkit
A widget toolkit, widget library, GUI toolkit, GUI framework, UI framework, or UX library is a library or a collection of libraries containing a set of graphical control elements (called widgets) used to construct the graphical user interface (GUI) of programs.

Most widget toolkits additionally include their own rendering engine. This engine can be specific to a certain operating system or windowing system or contain back-ends to interface with multiple ones and also with rendering APIs such as OpenGL, OpenVG, or EGL.
The look and feel of the graphical control elements can be hard-coded or decoupled, allowing the graphical control elements to be themed/skinned.
Bob Simmons (offensive lineman)
Robert Gatling Simmons (born July 7, 1954) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns, earning consensus All-American honors in 1975. He was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the third round of the 1976 NFL draft.

Simmons also played for the Kansas City Chiefs and the Chicago Blitz of the United States Football League.

Texas Longhorns football
The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Their home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.

With over 950 wins, and an all-time win–loss percentage of .704, the Longhorns rank 5th and 7th on the all-time wins and win–loss records lists, respectively. Additionally, the program claims 4 national championships, 34 conference championships, 100 First Team All-Americans (63 consensus and 27 unanimous), and 2 Heisman Trophy winners.
Snezhnogorsk
Snezhnogorsk (Russian: Снежногорск) is the name of several urban localities in Russia:

Snezhnogorsk, Murmansk Oblast, a town under the administrative jurisdiction of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Alexandrovsk in Murmansk Oblast

Snezhnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a work settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Tsentralny City District of the krai city of Norilsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai

Snezhnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Snezhnogorsk (Russian: Снежного́рск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Tsentralny City District of the krai city of Norilsk in Norilsk Urban District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.
2010 Assen Superleague Formula round
The 2010 Assen Superleague Formula round was a Superleague Formula round  held on May 16, 2010, at the TT Circuit Assen, Assen, Netherlands. It was the first ever round at the Assen circuit and also the first ever one in the Netherlands. It was the second round of the 2010 Superleague Formula season.

Eighteen clubs took part, the seventeen who competed at the previous Silverstone round plus returning 2008 series champions Beijing Guoan. Dutch club PSV Eindhoven took part and it was initially thought that an FC Groningen car, to be driven by ex-F1 racer Jos Verstappen, would participate but the plan was abandoned 5 weeks before the event.

Support races included the Dutch Supercar Challenge and the International Superkart Series.

Assen
Assen (Dutch: [ˈɑsə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands, and is the capital of the province of Drenthe. It received city rights in 1809. Assen is known for TT Circuit Assen, the motorcycle racing circuit, where on the last Sunday in June the Dutch TT is run; and also for the annual Assen Dance Festival.

Assen won the European Green Leaf Award for 2027.
Youngstown Steelmen
The Youngstown Steelmen was a minor league baseball franchise that competed in three different leagues between 1910 and 1915. The club, based in Youngstown, Ohio, participated at various times in the Ohio–Pennsylvania League, the Tri-State League, and the Central League. The Steelmen's most notable alumnus was Everett Scott, who played with the club between 1910 and 1913. Scott later served as a shortstop for the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees.

Ohio–Pennsylvania League
The Ohio–Pennsylvania League (1905–1912) was a Class C and Class D level minor league baseball league that featured franchises based in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The league was founded by Charlie Morton and operated for eight seasons, with the Akron Champs winning four league championships.
Strömgren sphere
In theoretical astrophysics, there can be a sphere of ionized hydrogen (H II) around a young star of the spectral classes O or B. The theory was derived by Bengt Strömgren in 1937 and later named Strömgren sphere after him. The Rosette Nebula is the most prominent example of this type of emission nebula from the H II-regions.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Otto Knoph Rømcke
Otto Knoph Rømcke (14 November 1868 – 7 April 1954) was a Norwegian wholesaler and politician.

He was born in Nes to Olaf Gustav Rømcke and Agnes Marie Torgersen. He married Sigrid Andrea Hansen in 1898.

He was elected representative to the Storting for the periods 1919–1921 and 1922–1924, for the Conservative Party. He served as mayor of Drammen from 1913 to 1916, and from 1916 to 1918.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
Calanque de Sormiou
The Calanque de Sormiou (French pronunciation: [kalɑ̃k də sɔʁmju]; Occitan: Calanca de Sormiou) is the largest calanque in Calanques National Park in Southern France. Located within the City of Marseille's 9th arrondissement, it is famous for its climbing spots. Access by car is restricted in the summer due to the risk of forest fires.

Calanque de Sormiou

Sormiou seen from the western side

The Calanque seen from the surrounding hills, 2008

Southern France
Southern France, also known as the south of France or colloquially in French as le Midi, is a geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin, Spain, the Mediterranean Sea and Italy. It includes southern Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the west, Occitania in the centre, the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the northeast, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the southeast, as well as the island of Corsica in the southeast. Southern France is generally considered part of southern Europe because of its association with the Mediterranean Sea.

The colloquial French name for the region, le Midi, is derived from an Old French compound composed of mi ("middle")  and di ("day"), meaning literally "midday". Thus, the term is comparable in both origin and meaning to Mezzogiorno, which indicates southern Italy, and Romanian Miazăzi which is a synonym for south.
Mine Safety and Health News
Mine Safety and Health News is the only credentialed, independent reporting service in the U.S. covering the Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission. It is not affiliated with any mining organization, lobbying group, policy group, labor or political organization, or mining company. It does not accept advertising and is strictly a subscription-based news and research publication.

Political organisation
A political organisation is any organisation whose primary purpose is involving itself in the political process, including political parties, non-governmental organisations, and special interest advocacy groups. Political organisations are those engaged in political activities (e.g., lobbying, community organizing, campaign advertising, etc.) aimed at achieving clearly defined political goals, which typically benefit the interests of their members.

While parties are one type of political organisation that may engage in some or all of those activities, they are distinct in that they typically focus on supporting candidates for public office, winning elections and controlling government.
Jan Joachim Tarło
Jan Joachim Tarło (November 30, 1658 – August 13, 1732, in Vienna) was a Polish clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Poznań. He became ordained in 1719. He was appointed bishop in 1718. He died in 1732.

Jan Joachim Tarło was son of Jan Aleksander Tarło and Anna Czartoryska. His uncle was Kazimierz Florian Czartoryski, archbishop of Gniezno.

He was born on November 30, 1658, and baptized on December 26, 1658. There is no consensus among authors where he was born. According to some authors the place of his birth was Wadowice, but according to others he was born in Sandomierz Voivodeship. Tarło could be born in Wadowice Górne, which was in Sandomierz Voivodeship.

Wadowice Górne
Wadowice Górne (Polish pronunciation: [vadɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɡurnɛ]) is a village in Mielec County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wadowice Górne.
Matilda McDonell
Matilda McDonell (born 22 June 2000) is an Australian netball player in the Suncorp Super Netball league, playing for Giants Netball.

Tilly McDonell was contracted by the Giants ahead of the 2019 season. She has represented New South Wales and Australia at underage level and prior to being signed by the Giants was an influential player in the second-tier Australian Netball League and Netball NSW Premier League competitions. McDonell also studies a Bachelor of Laws / Psychological Science at the University of New South Wales & is a current Ben Lexcen scholarship holder.

Netball New South Wales
Netball New South Wales is the governing body for netball in New South Wales. It is affiliated to Netball Australia. It is responsible for organizing and managing two elite level teams, New South Wales Swifts and Giants Netball, who compete in Suncorp Super Netball. It is also responsible for organizing and managing the Netball NSW Premier League as well as numerous other leagues and competitions for junior and youth teams. Its headquarters are based at Netball Central, Sydney Olympic Park.
2008–09 B Group
The 2008–09 B Group was the 53rd season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system. The season started on 16 August 2008 and finished on 17 June 2009 with the A Group promotion play-off between the runners-up from both divisions.

Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Second Professional Football League (Bulgarian: Втора професионална футболна лига, romanized: Vtora Profesionalna Futbolna Liga), also known as Second League (Bulgarian: Втора Лига) or Vtora liga (currently known as Mr. Bit Second League for sponsorship reasons), is the second level of the Bulgarian football league system, below First League and above the Third League. Twenty teams take part in the league, each playing twice against all the other, once home and once away. Most matches are played on Saturdays and Sundays. The league is administered by the Bulgarian Professional Football League.

In 2016, the B Group's name was rebranded to Second Professional Football League.