hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franz Leopold Sonnenschein
Franz Leopold Sonnenschein (13 July 1817 – 26 February 1879) was a German chemist from Cologne.

He taught himself pharmacy, and in the 1830s, established a small laboratory in Berlin. He worked with a physician as tutor for pharmacy students, readying them for their final exams. At the same time, he studied chemistry and in 1852 obtained his habilitation. He dedicated himself to analytic chemistry and involved himself in practical activities, for which he gained prestige. Many technical enterprises owed their success to him. He promoted analytic and judicial chemistry by numerous scientific investigations. From 1869 up until his death, he served as a professor at the University of Berlin.

Sonnenschein's reagent (phosphomolybdenic acid) is a reagent for alkaloids.

The scientist Friedrich Gaedcke is believed to have carried out his research in the private laboratory of Sonnenschein.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Santa Rosa de Calchines
Santa Rosa de Calchines (commonly shortened to Santa Rosa) is a town (comuna) in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It has 5,629 inhabitants per the 2001 census [INDEC]. It lies 55 km northeast of the provincial capital, by Provincial Route 1, on the Calchines stream within the western banks of the San Javier River (a tributary of the Paraná).

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Eugene Harvey
Eugene Harvey is an American Magic: The Gathering player. His major successes include four Pro Tour top eights, and five Grand Prix top eights. Harvey was part of the US national team that won the World Championship in 2001, which was Harvey's first Pro Tour. He also won the 2002 US National Championship.

Magic: The Gathering Players Tour
The Players Tour (PT) is a competitive international league for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, culminating in the World Championship. It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world, each requiring an invitation to participate. The Players Tour permanently replaced the Pro Tour in the 2020 season. Every PT awards a total of $250,000 in cash prizes, with $50,000 going to the winner. The Players Tour is split into three regions: Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Each region hosts three events, resulting in nine Players Tour events per season.
Eduardo de Pedro
Eduardo Enrique "Wado" de Pedro (born 11 November 1976) is an Argentine lawyer and Justicialist Party politician who has served as National Senator since 2023. He previously served as the country's Minister of the Interior from 2019 to 2023, National Deputy for Buenos Aires Province, as member of the Council of Magistracy, and General Secretary to President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

De Pedro was one of the founding members of La Cámpora, the Front for Victory's youth wing. He served as Vice-president of Aerolíneas Argentinas and Austral Líneas Aéreas from 2009 to 2011.

Argentine Senate
The Chamber of Senators of the Argentine Nation (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores de la Nación Argentina) or Senate, officially the Honorable Chamber of Senators of the Argentine Nation (Spanish: Honorable Cámara de Senadores de la Nación Argentina) is the upper house of the National Congress of Argentina.
Behramji Malabari
Behramji Merwanji Malabari JP  (18 May 1853 – 12 July 1912) was an Indian poet, publicist, author, and social reformer best known for his ardent advocacy for the protection of the rights of women and for his activities against child marriage.

Vadodara
Vadodara (Gujarati: [ˌʋəˈɖo.d̪ɾɐ̯] ⓘ), also known as Baroda, is a city on the banks of the Vishwamitri River in the Indian state of Gujarat. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Vadodara district. The city is named for its abundance of banyan (vad) trees. Vadodara is also locally referred to as the Sanskrutik Nagari (transl. 'Cultural City') and Kala Nagari (transl. 'City of Art') of India.

The city is prominent for landmarks such as the Laxmi Vilas Palace, which served as the residence of the Maratha royal Gaekwad dynasty that ruled over Baroda State. It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
R. Gnanadoss
R. Gnanadoss is an Indian politician and presently serving Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Sivakasi constituency in 2006.

Sivakasi Assembly constituency
Sivakasi is an assembly constituency located in Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu. It falls under Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency. The constituency has been in existence since the 1957 election. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Flamagra
Flamagra is the sixth studio album by American record producer Flying Lotus (Steven Ellison), released on May 24, 2019 by Warp Records. It is his first album since 2014's You're Dead!. The lead single, the spoken-word "Fire Is Coming" featuring David Lynch, was released along with its video on April 17, 2019. The album also features contributions from Anderson .Paak, George Clinton, Little Dragon, Tierra Whack, Denzel Curry, Shabazz Palaces, Thundercat, Toro y Moi and Solange. A deluxe version of the album with the instrumentals was released on May 29, 2020.

Shabazz Palaces
Shabazz Palaces is an American hip hop group from Seattle led by Ishmael Butler a.k.a. Palaceer Lazaro (formerly Butterfly of jazz rap group Digable Planets). Much of Butler's work as Shabazz Palaces has been made in collaboration with multi-instrumentalist Tendai "Baba" Maraire, son of mbira master Dumisani Maraire. Active since 2009, Shabazz Palaces has released five studio albums on Sub Pop after self-releasing two EPs.
Pittsburgh Panthers men's soccer
Pittsburgh Panthers men's soccer is the NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's soccer (association football) team of the University of Pittsburgh, often referred to as "Pitt", located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Pitt men's soccer competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and plays their home games at Ambrose Urbanic Field in the university's Petersen Sports Complex. Pitt soccer players have had eight selections as All-Americans and multiple former Panthers have gone on to play professionally. The Panthers have appeared in seven NCAA tournaments and have reached the College Cup twice.  The Panthers have been coached by Jay Vidovich since 2015.

College sports
College sports or college athletics encompasses amateur sports played by non-professional, collegiate and university-level student athletes in competitive sports and games. College sports have led to many college rivalries.

College sports trace their roots back to the early 19th century. Originating from public schools in Britain, varsity matches between Oxford University and Cambridge University spread to Harvard University and Yale University, which influenced the development of college sports in the United States, and to college sports in Commonwealth, European, and other countries, such as Japan.
Pope Felix I
Pope Felix I (died 30 December 274) was the bishop of Rome from 5 January 269 to his death on 30 December 274. Born in Rome, he succeeded Pope Dionysius and is noted for his theological contributions, particularly a significant dogmatic letter addressing the unity of Christ’s person. During his papacy, Felix I confronted the heresy of Paul of Samosata, who denied the divinity of Christ. The intervention of Emperor Aurelian, prompted by Felix, led to Paul’s deposition from the bishopric of Antioch, reinforcing orthodox Christological doctrine.

Felix is traditionally credited with instituting the practice of celebrating Mass over the tombs of martyrs, though this attribution remains a subject of historical debate. Upon his death, Felix was interred in the Catacomb of Callixtus on the Appian Way. While later accounts mistakenly honored him as a martyr, contemporary scholarship suggests he died of natural causes.

Via Aurelia
The Via Aurelia (lit. 'Aurelian Way') is a Roman road in Italy constructed in approximately 241 BC. The project was undertaken by Gaius Aurelius Cotta, who at that time was censor. Cotta had a history of building roads for Rome, as he had overseen the construction of a military road in Sicily (as consul in 252 BC, during the First Punic War) connecting Agrigentum (modern Agrigento) and Panormus (modern Palermo).
Fumiaki Matsumoto
Fumiaki Matsumoto (松本 文明, Matsumoto Fumiaki; born March 25, 1949) is a former Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, who served as and a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). Matsumoto served as a vice minister for the Cabinet Office between August 2017 and January 2018. He resigned from his post after being recorded in the Diet mocking the gravity of US military helicopter accidents in Okinawa.

Cabinet Office (Japan)
The Cabinet Office (内閣府, Naikaku-fu) (CAO) is an agency of the Cabinet of Japan. It is responsible for handling the day-to-day affairs of the Cabinet.

The Cabinet Office is formally headed by the Prime Minister.
DeVon Hardin
DeVon Michael Hardin (born August 7, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player. A 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m), 235 lb (107 kg; 16.8 st) forward-center, Hardin was selected in the 2008 NBA draft as the 50th overall pick by the Seattle SuperSonics.

Novo Basquete Brasil
Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB; English: New Basketball Brazil) is the Brazilian premier professional men's basketball league. It is organized by the Liga Nacional de Basquete (LNB; English: National Basketball League), in a new format of Brazil's previous top-tier level basketball competition, the Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete (Brazilian Basketball Championship). The NBB is managed by the Brazilian basketball associations, which were founding members of the LNB.
Blue Pullman (film)
Blue Pullman is a 1960 British short documentary film directed an written by James Ritchie. It was produced by British Transport Films and follows the development and preparation of a train journey from Manchester to London on new British Railways Blue Pullman diesel multiple units.

Diesel–electric powertrain
A diesel-electric transmission, or diesel-electric powertrain, is a transmission system powered by diesel engines which generate electricity for electric motors for vehicles in road, rail, and marine transport. Diesel-electric transmission is similar to petrol-electric transmission, which is powered by petrol engines.

Diesel-electric transmission is used on railways by diesel-electric locomotives and diesel-electric multiple units, as electric motors are able to supply full torque from 0 RPM. Diesel-electric systems are also used in marine transport, including submarines, and on some other land vehicles.
Pitakotte West Grama Niladhari Division
Pitakotte West Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 522.

Ananda Balika Vidyalaya, Kotte, Kotte Museum, Pita Kotte Gal Ambalama and Ananda Sastralaya, Kotte  are located within, nearby or associated with Pitakotte West.

Pitakotte West is a surrounded by the Ethulkotte, Pitakotte, Pagoda East, Pagoda, Nawala East, Koswatta and Ethulkotte West  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Ananda Sastralaya, Kotte
Ananda Sastralaya (sinhala: ආනන්ද ශාස්ත්‍රාලය) is a public boys school located in Kotte, Sri Lanka. It was founded in 1890 as Kotte Buddhist English Mixed School. In 1952 a part of the school land was designated by the Government as an archaeological site since an underground residence of a Buddhist place of worship was discovered at the site.
Graphics suite
A graphics suite is a software suite for graphics work that are distributed together. The programs are usually able to interact with each other on a higher level than the operating system would normally allow.

There is no hard, fast rule regarding the programs to be included in a graphics application suite, but most will include at least a bitmap graphics editor and a vector graphics editor. In addition to these, the suite may contain VRML editors, animation editors, and morphing tools.

Vector graphics editor
A vector graphic editor is a computer program that enables its users to create, compose and edit images with the use of mathematical and geometrical commands rather than individual pixels. This software is used in creating high-definition vector graphic images that can be scaled indefinitely without losing their quality. The output is saved in vector graphic formats, such as EPS, ODG, or SVG.
2016–17 Coupe de France
The 2016–17 Coupe de France was the 100th season of the most prestigious football cup competition of France. The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and was opened to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (winner of 2016 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (winner of 2015–16 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).

Paris Saint-Germain were the defending champions, and successfully defended their title following a 1–0 win over Angers in the final, a third consecutive win and eleventh overall, a record.

Coupe de Calédonie
The Coupe de Calédonie (lit. 'Caledonia Cup'), also known in English as the New Caledonia Cup, is New Caledonia's premier knockout tournament in men's football. It was created in 1954, and gives the winner of the tournament a berth in the Coupe de France.
International Federation of Television Archives
The Fédération Internationale des Archives de Télévision - International Federation of Television Archives (FIAT/IFTA) is a worldwide association of institutions, commercial companies and individuals managing or with a special interest in audiovisual archiving in general and television archives in particular. Many members are commercial and public broadcasters, but also national (audiovisual) archives are involved ever more. In general terms the association wants to connect the members, to spread knowledge in the field of television archiving and to defend their interests on an international level.

Audiovisual
Audiovisual (AV) is electronic media possessing both a sound and a visual component, such as slide-tape presentations, films, television programs, corporate conferencing, church services, and live theater productions.

Audiovisual service providers frequently offer web streaming, video conferencing, and live broadcast services. The professional audio visual industry has companies that provide hardware, software and services.  These organizations are commonly referred to as systems integrators and perform both the installation and integration of different types of AV equipment from multiple manufacturers into spaces to create the AV experience for the user or audience.

Computer-based audiovisual equipment is often used in education, with many schools and universities installing projection equipment and using interactive whiteboard technology.
Interstellar cloud
An interstellar cloud is an accumulation of gas, plasma, and cosmic dust in galaxies. Put differently, an interstellar cloud is a denser-than-average region of the interstellar medium, the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. Depending on the density, size, and temperature of a given cloud, its hydrogen can be neutral, making an H I region; ionized, or plasma making it an H II region; or molecular, which are referred to simply as molecular clouds, or sometime dense clouds. Neutral and ionized clouds are sometimes also called diffuse clouds. An interstellar cloud is formed by the gas and dust particles from a red giant in its later life.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Eastern Fleet (India)
The Eastern Fleet is a Naval fleet of the Indian Navy. It is known as the 'Sword Arm' of the Eastern Naval Command and called the Sunrise Fleet. 
It is headquartered at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh on the east coast of India. It is a part of the Eastern Naval Command and is responsible for the naval forces in the Bay of Bengal and parts of the Indian Ocean.

The Eastern Fleet was constituted on 1 November 1971. The Fleet is commanded by a Rear Admiral with the title Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF). Rear Admiral Alok Ananda is the current FOCEF, who took over on 17 October 2025.

Vir Chakra
The Vir Chakra (pronunciation: ʋiːɾa tʃakɾa, lit. 'Wheel of Bravery') is an Indian wartime military bravery award presented for acts of gallantry on the battlefield, on land or in the air or at sea.

It is third in precedence in wartime gallantry awards and comes after the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra.sub=sardul singh =vir chakra}}</1948
Kjeld Nielsen
Kjeld Nielsen (July 26, 1887 – February 14, 1910) was a Danish athlete.  He competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. In the 1500 metres event, Nielsen placed sixth in his initial semifinal heat and did not advance to the final. He also participated in the 5 miles race but was again eliminated in the first round.

Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 5 miles
The men's 5 miles race was held at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.  It was discontinued after that in favour of the metric races of 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres. The competition was held on July 15, 1908, and July 18, 1908. 36 runners from 14 nations competed; seven from Great Britain, five from Sweden, four each from the United States, Canada and the Netherlands, two each from Denmark, France and Australasia, and one each from Hungary, South Africa, Greece, Germany, Bohemia and Italy. There were six preliminary heats, with the winner and the four runners-up with the best time advancing to the final. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.
Eurotiomycetes
Eurotiomycetes is a large class of ascomycetes with cleistothecial ascocarps within the subphylum Pezizomycotina, currently containing around 3810 species according to the Catalogue of Life. It is the third largest lichenized class, with more than 1200 lichen species that are mostly bitunicate in the formation of asci. It contains most of the fungi previously known morphologically as "Plectomycetes".

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Du Plessis Pass
34°04′38.8″S 21°46′18.4″E﻿ / ﻿34.077444°S 21.771778°E﻿ / -34.077444; 21.771778
Du Plassis Pass is situated in the Western Cape province of South Africa, on the Regional road R327 (Western Cape) between Mossel Bay and Herbertsdale. The road through the pass was first constructed in 1850.

Mossel Bay
Mossel Bay (Afrikaans: Mosselbaai) is a harbour town of about 170,000 people on the Garden Route of South Africa. It is an important tourism and farming region of the Western Cape Province. Mossel Bay lies 400 kilometres east of the country's seat of parliament, Cape Town (which is also the capital city of the Western Cape), and 400 km west of Gqeberha, the largest city in the Eastern Cape. The older parts of the town occupy the north-facing side of the Cape St Blaize Peninsula, whilst the newer suburbs straddle the Peninsula and have spread eastwards along the sandy shore of the Bay.

The town's economy relied heavily on farming, fishing and its commercial harbour (the smallest in the Transnet Port Authority's stable of South African commercial harbours), until the 1969 discovery of natural offshore gas fields led to the development of the gas-to-liquids refinery operated by PetroSA. Tourism is another important driver of Mossel Bay's economy.
Francis Nolan
Francis J. Nolan is Professor of Phonetics at the University of Cambridge.

Between 1993 and 1995 he was Secretary of the International Phonetic Association, and from 1999 to 2003 its Vice-President. He specialises in phonetics and phonology as well as in forensic linguistics. He was President of the British Association of Academic Phoneticians. He was one of the co-editors of the 1999 Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, the other being John Esling. He co-designed the language of Parseltongue featured in the Harry Potter films.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.