hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sufri
The Sufris (Arabic: الصفرية aṣ-Ṣufriyya) were Khariji Muslims in the seventh and eighth centuries. The Khawarij were divided into separate groups such as the Sufri, Azariqa, Bayhasiyya, Ajardi, Najdat, and Ibadi. The Sufri and Ibadi sects are considered the most moderate of the Kharijite groups due to their refusal to shed the blood of those who disagree with them. Of all the Kharijite sects, only the Ibadi sect continues to exist today.

In Tlemcen, Algeria, the Banu Ifran were Sufri Berbers who opposed rule by the Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid Caliphates, most notably under resistance movements led by Abu Qurra (8th century) and Abu Yazid. In Sijilmassa, Morocco the Midrarids adopted the doctrine.

Abu Yazid
Abū Yazīd Makhlad ibn Kaydād (Arabic: أبو يزيد مخلد بن كيداد;‎ c. 873 – 19 August 947), was a member of the Ibadi sect. He opposed the Ismaili Shia rule of the Fatimids in North Africa and sought to restore Ibadi dominance in the region. Known as the Man on the Donkey (Arabic: صاحب الحمار, romanized: Ṣāhib al-Himār) due to his humble means of transport, Abu Yazid led a rebellion against the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia and eastern Algeria) starting in 944, rallying various Berber tribes and disaffected groups against the Fatimids. His forces initially achieved significant victories, even threatening the Fatimid capital of al-Mahdiyya. Abu Yazid conquered Kairouan for a time, but was eventually driven back and defeated by the Fatimid caliph al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah in 947, Abu Yazid escaped following a siege, but was wounded and captured. He died of his wounds several days later.
Bolesław of Cieszyn (died 1356)
Bolesław of Cieszyn (Polish: Bolesław cieszyński; c. 1331/32 – Prague, 23 July 1356), was a Polish prince, member of the Piast dynasty in the Cieszyn branch.

He was the second son of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Trojden I of Czersk-Warsaw.

Trojden I, Duke of Masovia
Trojden I (1284/86 – 13 March 1341) was a Polish prince, Duke of Czersk from 1310, ruler over Warsaw and Liw from 1313, and regent of Płock in the years 1336–1340. He was a member of the House of Piast.

Trojden was the second son of Bolesław II of Płock and his first wife Gaudemantė (Sophia), the daughter of Grand Duke Traidenis of Lithuania. He was named after his maternal grandfather.
Eddy Stutterheim
Edward Stutterheim (11 August 1908 – 13 April 1977) was a Dutch sailor, who represented his country as  at the 1948 Summer Olympics in Torbay. Stutterheim, as crew member on the Dutch Star BEM II, took the bronze medal with helmsman Bob Maas. The team returned in 1952 in Helsinki where they took the 7th place.

In the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne Stutterheim was the Dragon crew for the Dutch Olympic team. However, after the Soviet invasion of Hungary, the Dutch government decided that the Dutch Olympic team would not compete.

Torbay
Torbay /tɔːrˈbeɪ/ is a unitary authority with a borough status in the ceremonial county of Devon, England. It is governed by Torbay Council, based in the town of Torquay, and also includes the towns of Paignton and Brixham. In 2021 it had a population of 139,324. The borough consists of 24.27 sq mi (62.9 km2) of land around the east-facing Tor Bay, part of Lyme Bay on the English Channel.  A popular tourist destination, Torbay's sandy beaches, mild climate and recreational and leisure attractions have given rise to its nickname of the English Riviera. The neighbouring districts are South Hams and Teignbridge.
Arbi Sanit
Arbi Sanit (4 June 1939 – 25 March 2021) was an Indonesian political scientist and lecturer in the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Indonesia. He wrote several books on the Indonesian political system.

University of Indonesia
The University of Indonesia (UI; Indonesian: Universitas Indonesia) is a public university in Depok, West Java and Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of the oldest tertiary-level educational institutions in Indonesia (known as the Dutch East Indies when UI was established), and is generally considered one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia, along with the Gadjah Mada University and Bandung Institute of Technology. In the 2024 QS World Universities Ranking, UI is ranked 1st in Indonesia, 49th in Asia and 237th in the world.
Edgcumbe, Cornwall
Edgcumbe is a hamlet 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Penryn in Cornwall, England. Edgcumbe is situated on the A394 road from Helston to Penryn and is in the parish of Wendron (where the 2011 census population was included ).  Adjacent to Edgcumbe is the Little Trevease Solar Park which covers 25 acres (10 hectares) and has been operational since 2013; it is capable of generating 2.4MW of electricity.

Wendron
Wendron (Cornish: Egloswendron (village), Pluw Wendron (parish); historically St. Wendron) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is approximately 3 miles (5 km) to the north of Helston and 6 miles (10 km) to the west of Penryn. The parish population at the 2011 census was 2,743. The electoral ward of Wendron had a 2011 population of 4,936.
Presidential Climate Commission (South Africa)
The Presidential Climate Commission is a South African statutory body composed of government ministers and other social stakeholders appointed in December 2020 by President Cyril Ramaphosa to oversee South Africa's response to climate change. It is established to monitor and review the country's progress in reducing emissions - shifting from burning fossil fuels and adapting to forms of green energy without leading to job losses as part of the just transition programme.

Mohammed Valli Moosa
Valli Moosa is a South African politician and advocate. A veteran of the South African freedom struggle, He worked closely with Nelson Mandela during the settlement talks, served as negotiator for the ANC, and participated in drafting the South African Constitution. Valli served in President Mandela's cabinet as minister of constitutional development, and in President Mbeki's government as environment minister. He joined the corporate sector in 2004 and currently serves as chairperson for WWF(SA) and as chairperson of the Constitution Hill Trust. He has previously served on the boards of Anglo Platinum, Eskom, Sanlam and Sappi Ltd. Valli served as a facilitator in the global climate change negotiations for a number of years. He previously served as president of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as chairman of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development and as deputy chairperson of South Africa's Presidential Climate Commission.
Colegio La República
Colegio La República (English: La República School) is a Chilean high school located in Rancagua, Cachapoal Province, Chile.

As of 2012, the principal of Colegio La República is Juan Antonio Gutiérrez Espinoza. In that school year, La República had 995 students. The president of the parents' center (centro de padres y apoderados) is Roberto Torres, and in its 2010–2011 term, the president of the students' center (centro de alumnos) is Javiera Garrido Mella.

Rancagua
Rancagua (Spanish pronunciation: [raŋˈkaɣwa]) is a city and commune in central Chile and part of the Rancagua conurbation. It is the capital of the Cachapoal Province and of the O'Higgins Region, located 87 km (54 mi) south of the national capital of Santiago.

It was originally named Santa Cruz de Triana by Spanish colonists. In 2012, its population was 232,211. The main economic activities range from mining, tourism, agriculture, timber, food production and services to minor industrial activities. The city also serves as the administrative and legal center of the region.

Together with Machalí and Gultro, it forms the Rancagua conurbation. After Curicó, Talca and Concepción, it is one of the most important and densely populated cities of the south central zone of Chile.
Hoon-Yung Hopgood
Hoon-Yung Hopgood (born December 8, 1974) is a former member of the Michigan State Senate, representing the 6th district (formerly numbered as the 8th district) from 2011 until 2018. He is a Democrat and a former member of the Michigan State House of Representatives. He represented roughly half of the cities which make up the Downriver area of Metro Detroit, as well as other cities in Wayne County. He is the first Korean American to hold state office in Michigan.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Taos Downtown Historic District
Taos Downtown Historic District is a historic district in Taos, New Mexico. Taos "played a major role in the development of New Mexico, under Spanish, Mexican, and American governments." It is a key historical feature of the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway of northern New Mexico.

Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico
Ranchos de Taos is a census-designated place (CDP) in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,707 at the time of the 2020 census.

The historic district is the Ranchos de Taos Plaza, which includes the San Francisco de Asis Mission Church.
Biyani
Biyani is a surname. Notable people carrying the name include:

Brijlal Biyani (1896–1968), Indian independence activist and writer

Gagan Biyani (born 1987), Indian American entrepreneur, marketer and journalist

Kishore Biyani, Indian businessman

Sanjay Biyani, Indian Educationist

Badii Devrani
Badii Devrani is an Indian television show that aired on &TV from 30 March 2015 to 13 November 2015. It was the story of an unusual union between an older woman, Reeti, and a younger man, Vibhor, even though their families are bitter enemies.
The Lions (peaks)
The Lions are a pair of pointed peaks (West Lion – 1,646 m (5,400 ft); East Lion – 1,606 m (5,269 ft)) along the North Shore Mountains in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They can be seen from much of the Greater Vancouver area, as far as Robert Burnaby Park in East Burnaby, south to parts of Surrey, and from the west on the Howe Sound Islands and the Sunshine Coast. Along with the Lions Gate Bridge named in their honour, these twin summits have become one of the most recognizable Vancouver landmarks. The city's BC Lions CFL football team is also named in their honour. Lions Gate Entertainment which was founded in Vancouver in July, 1997 is also named for the peaks.

Starz Entertainment
Starz Entertainment Corp., formerly known as Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation, or simply Lionsgate, is a Canadian-American entertainment company currently headquartered in Santa Monica, California. Founded by Frank Giustra on July 10, 1997, it is/was domiciled and incorporated in Vancouver, British Columbia.

Prior to 2024, the then-named Lionsgate owned film and television studios under its own umbrella. It was spun-off into Lionsgate Studios on May 14, 2024, of which Starz owned 87% until its separation on May 7, 2025. The company trades on Nasdaq with the stock symbol STRZ.
The Boudoir Diplomat
The Boudoir Diplomat is a 1930 American pre-Code romantic comedy film directed by Malcolm St. Clair, produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, from the play The Command To Love by Fritz Gottwald and Rudolph Lothar.

The film is preserved at the Library of Congress.

Betty Compson
Betty Compson (born Eleanor Luicime Compson; March 19, 1897 – April 18, 1974) was an American actress and film producer who got her start during Hollywood's silent era. She is best known for her performances in The Docks of New York and The Barker, the latter of which earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress.
Jazet
Jazet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Erik Jazet (born 1971), Dutch field hockey player

Jean-Pierre-Marie Jazet (1788–1871), French engraver

Paul-Léon Jazet (1848–1918), French painter

Erik Jazet
Erik Alexander Jazet (born 19 July 1971 in Schiedam) is a former Dutch field hockey player, who played 308 international matches for the Netherlands. The defender made his debut for the Dutch on 17 November 1990 in a match against England.

He competed at three Olympic Games, and won two golden medals (1996 and 2000) and a bronze (2004. In the Dutch League Jazet played for HC Bloemendaal and Stichtse Cricket en Hockey Club. He became the first team coach for Bloemendaal women in 2005.
K. Tsianina Lomawaima
K. Tsianina Lomawaima (born 1955) is an American interdisciplinary researcher of Indigenous studies, anthropology, history, and political science. She was a professor in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University until her retirement in 2021. She specializes in the interaction between sovereign Native nations and U.S. federalism, the status of Native people as U.S. citizens, and federal Indian policy particularly in the area of education. Her historical focus is the early 20th century.

Western History Association
The Western History Association (WHA), a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, was founded in 1961 at Santa Fe, New Mexico by Ray Allen Billington, et al. Included in the field of study are the American West and western Canada. The Western History Association was headquartered from 2012 to 2017 at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. From 2018 to 2020 the WHA was hosted on the campus of the University of Nebraska at Omaha. In 2020, the WHA relocated to the Department of History at the University of Kansas, where it receives support from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
Nalbantichthys
Nalbanichthys is a monospecific genus belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. Its only species is Nalbanichthys elongatus which is found in the southern Bering Sea. The genus name honours the Romanian ichthyologist Theodor Nalbant who sent specimens to Leonard Peter Schultz for him to describe.

Eelpout
The eelpouts are the ray-finned fish family Zoarcidae. As the common name suggests, they are somewhat eel-like in appearance. All of the 300 species are marine and mostly bottom-dwelling, some at great depths. Eelpouts are predominantly found in the Northern Hemisphere. The Arctic, north Pacific and north Atlantic oceans have the highest concentration of species; however, species are found around the globe.

They are conventionally placed in the "perciform" assemblage; in fact, the Zoarcoidei seem to be specialized members of the Gasterosteiformes-Scorpaeniformes group of Acanthopterygii.

The largest member of the family is Zoarces americanus, which may reach 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) in length. Other notable genera include Lycodapus and Gymnelus.
Action Packed Adventure
Action Packed Adventure!, also known as Action Packed Adventure! (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack), is the debut album by the rap group Yaggfu Front. It has been compared to the Pharcyde & Das EFX for its quirky and somewhat playful lyrics. The first single was "Left Field". The title track is about the group's efforts to obtain a recording contract.

Das EFX
Das EFX is an American hip hop duo. It consists of emcees Dray (also known as Krazy Drayz, born Andre Weston,  September 9, 1970) and Skoob (also known as Books and Boogie Bang, born William "Willie" Hines, November 27, 1970). They named themselves "DAS" standing for "Dray and Skoob" and "EFX" meaning "effects". They rose to popularity in the early 1990s due to the duo's stream of consciousness lyrical delivery, which became one of the most influential lyrical styles in hip hop music at the time; as well as their affiliation with EPMD's Hit Squad. Their style combined intricate rhymes, sometimes mixed with made up words (especially ending with "-iggedy"), delivered with a fast-paced flow and numerous pop culture and hip hop culture references.
Triangle group
In mathematics, a triangle group is a group that can be realized geometrically by sequences of reflections across the sides of a triangle.  The triangle can be an ordinary Euclidean triangle, a triangle on the sphere, or a hyperbolic triangle. Each triangle group is the symmetry group of a tiling of the Euclidean plane, the sphere, or the hyperbolic plane by congruent triangles called Möbius triangles, each one a fundamental domain for the action.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Lutherhaus
The Lutherhaus is a writer's house museum in Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany. Originally built in 1504 as part of the University of Wittenberg, the building was the home of Martin Luther for most of his adult life and a significant location in the history of the Protestant Reformation. Luther was living here when he wrote his 95 Theses.

The Augusteum is an expansion to the original building that was constructed after Luther's death to house a Protestant seminary and library which still exist today. Since 1996, both buildings have been recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites along with other sites associated with Martin Luther in Wittenberg and Eisleben, because of their religious significance and testimony to one of the most influential figures of medieval Europe.

Ninety-five Theses
The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany. The Theses are retrospectively considered to have launched the Protestant Reformation and the birth of Protestantism, despite various quasi- or proto-Protestant groups having existed previously.

The Theses are framed as propositions to be argued in an academic debate rather than necessarily representing Luther's opinions. They aired contemporary theological misgivings about the theory and practice of indulgences and their relation to repentance, penance and papal authority: this was triggered by the scandal of certain Catholic clergy, who were supposedly selling plenary indulgences in Germany, which were certificates supposed to reduce the temporal punishment in purgatory for sins committed by the saved  purchasers or their loved ones.
Boogie Superstar
Boogie Superstar is a rhythm video game by Electronic Arts and a sequel to the game Boogie.

NGamer magazine initially reported that the title would support the Wii Balance Board, writing that it was to be a "board-based dance-a-thon", but Electronic Arts confirmed that while the title includes a microphone to sing along to, it does not support the Wii Balance Board.

Wii Balance Board
The Wii Balance Board (Japanese: バランスWiiボード, Hepburn: Baransu Wī Bōdo) is an accessory for the Wii and Wii U video game consoles. Unlike the usual balance board for exercise, it does not rock but instead tracks the user's center of balance. Along with Wii Fit, it was introduced on July 11, 2007, at the Electronic Entertainment Expo.
Maitland River
The Maitland River is a river in Huron County, Perth County and Wellington County in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Great Lakes Basin and empties into Lake Huron at the town of Goderich. It is 150 kilometres (93 mi) long, and is named after Sir Peregrine Maitland, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada from 1818 to 1828. It was formerly known as the Menesetung River.

Peregrine Maitland
General Sir Peregrine Maitland, GCB (6 July 1777 – 30 May 1854) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. He also was a cricketer from 1798 to 1808 and an early advocate for the establishment of what would become the Canadian Indian residential school system.
Borki, Bartoszyce County
Borki [ˈbɔrkʲi] (German: Borken) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Bartoszyce County
Bartoszyce County (Polish: powiat bartoszycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bartoszyce, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Górowo Iławeckie, 21 km (13 mi) west of Bartoszyce, Bisztynek, 22 km (14 mi) south of Bartoszyce, and Sępopol, 14 km (9 mi) east of Bartoszyce.

The county covers an area of 1,308.54 square kilometres (505.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 57,642, out of which the population of Bartoszyce is 23,482, that of Górowo Iławeckie is 3,951, that of Bisztynek is 2,370, that of Sępopol is 1,958, and the rural population is 25,881.
Matt Fridy
Matt Fridy (born January 17, 1976) is an American politician and lawyer. He serves as a judge on the Alabama Court of Civil Appeals and served in the Alabama House of Representatives from the 73rd district from 2014 to 2020.

Alabama House of Representatives
The Alabama House of Representatives is the lower house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of state of Alabama. The House is composed of 105 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing at least 42,380 citizens. There are no term limits in the House. The House is also one of the five lower houses of state legislatures in the United States that is elected every four years. Other lower houses, including the United States House of Representatives, are elected for a two-year term.

The House meets at the Alabama State House in Montgomery. The speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is its leader.
(4+3) cycloaddition
A (4+3) cycloaddition is a cycloaddition between a four-atom π-system and a three-atom π-system to form a seven-membered ring. Allyl or oxyallyl cations (propenylium-2-olate) are commonly used three-atom π-systems, while a diene (such as butadiene) plays the role of the four-atom π-system. It represents one of the relatively few synthetic methods available to form seven-membered rings stereoselectively in high yield.

Diene
In organic chemistry, a diene (/ˈdaɪiːn/ DY-een); also diolefin, /daɪˈoʊləfɪn/ dy-OH-lə-fin) or alkadiene) is a covalent compound that contains two double bonds, usually among carbon atoms. They thus contain two alkene units, with the standard prefix di of systematic nomenclature.  As a subunit of more complex molecules, dienes occur in naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals and are used in organic synthesis.  Conjugated dienes are widely used as monomers in the polymer industry. Polyunsaturated fats are of interest to nutrition.