hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James D. Reid
James Douglas Reid was a Scotsman who became general superintendent of the Magnetic Telegraph Company of which Amos Kendall was president in 1846.   The Magnetic line linked Fort Lee to Philadelphia. Among those who incorporated the line was Samuel Morse.  Reid was also superintendent of the Lake Erie Telegraph Company, and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Louisville Telegraph Company.  He wrote a detailed history of the telegraph industry

Samuel Morse
Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor and painter. After establishing his reputation as a portrait painter, Morse, in his middle age, contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs. He was a co-developer and the namesake of Morse code in 1837 and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.
Joel Engardio
Joel P. Engardio (born September 17, 1972) is an American politician, writer, and public-safety advocate who represented District 4 on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from 2023 until he was recalled in 2025.

Great Highway
The Great Highway is a road located on the West Side of San Francisco that forms the city's western edge along the Pacific coast. Built in 1929, it runs for approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) next to Ocean Beach. Its southern end is at Skyline Boulevard (State Route 35) near Lake Merced; it extends to Point Lobos Avenue and the Cliff House at its northern end.

Two miles (3.2 km) of the Great Highway became Sunset Dunes Park in 2025.  In 2020, a portion of the road was closed to vehicular traffic in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, reopening to weekday traffic in 2021. In 2025, the portion of the roadway that was pedestrianized on a pilot basis was permanently closed to vehicular traffic following a successful voter initiative.
McGilvray
McGilvray is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan McGilvray (1909–1996), Australian cricketer

Bill McGilvray (1883–1952), American baseball player

Bill McGilvray (footballer) (1895–1984), Australian rules footballer

Dean McGilvray (born 1988), English rugby league player

Dennis B. McGilvray (born 1943), American anthropologist

Scott McGilvray (1966–2017), American educator and politician

Alan McGilvray
Alan David McGilvray AM MBE (6 December 1909 – 17 July 1996) was an Australian cricketer who played several first-class seasons for New South Wales in the mid-1930s before becoming the doyen of Australian cricket commentators. He became identified as the voice of Australian cricket through his ABC radio broadcasts.
Roland William Fleming
Roland William Fleming, FRSB (born 1978 in Oxford, UK) is a British and German interdisciplinary researcher specializing in the visual perception of objects and materials. He is the Kurt Koffka Professor of Experimental Psychology at Justus Liebig University of Giessen. and the Executive Director of the Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior of the Universities of Marburg and Giessen. He is also co-Spokesperson for the Research Cluster "The Adaptive Mind".

Kurt Koffka
Kurt Koffka (German: [ˈkɔfka]; March 12, 1886 – November 22, 1941) was a German psychologist and professor. He was born and educated in Berlin, Germany; he died in Northampton, Massachusetts, from coronary thrombosis. He was influenced by his maternal uncle, a biologist, to pursue science. He had many interests including visual perception, brain damage, sound localization, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology. He worked alongside Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler to develop Gestalt psychology. Koffka had several publications including "The Growth of the Mind: An Introduction to Child Psychology" (1924) and "The Principles of Gestalt Psychology" (1935) which elaborated on his research.
Groshev GN-4
The Groshev GN-4 was a Soviet transport glider introduced in 1934.

Designed by G. F. Groshev and built by the Moscow Glider Works, the GN-4 was the world's first transport glider, with capacity for 5 passengers. Unlike later transport gliders, which would be towed near to the destination then released to glide on their own, the GN-4 was designed to be towed almost the entire flight except for a short while after release from the tow-plane for landing, though it is claimed that it could fly like a sailplane under the right conditions. The GN-4 was intended to be towed as part of a glider train behind a commercial version of the Polikarpov R-5. The GN-4's design consists of a narrow oval fuselage mated to a high-wing, strut-braced wing with an enclosed cockpit and 5 passenger seats.

Polikarpov R-5
The Polikarpov R-5 (Russian: Р-5) was a Soviet reconnaissance bomber aircraft of the 1930s. It was the standard light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft of the Soviet Air Force for much of the 1930s, while also being used heavily as a civilian light transport, some 7,000 being built in total.
Calimerius
There is also a beatus named Calimerius of Montechiaro (c. 1430–1521).

Calimerius (Italian: Calimero, Byzantine Greek: Καλημέριος) (died 280 AD) was an early bishop of Milan. He is honoured as a Saint in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches and his feast day is on July 31.

Pope Telesphorus
Pope Telesphorus (Greek: Τελεσφόρος) was the bishop of Rome from c. 126 to his death c. 137, during the reigns of Roman Emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius.

Telesphorus is traditionally considered the eighth Bishop of Rome in succession after Peter.
Edwin Schell
Edwin Wright Schell (November 14, 1900 – October 7, 1979) was an American boxer who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Berwyn, Illinois and died in San Diego, California. In 1920 he was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the light heavyweight class after losing his fight to the eventual silver medalist Sverre Sørsdal.

Boxing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Light heavyweight
The men's light heavyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the second-heaviest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 175 pounds (79.4 kilograms). The competition was held from August 21, 1920, to August 24, 1920. 11 boxers from six nations competed.
Upper Sardis Wildlife Management Area
Upper Sardis Wildlife Management Area (WMA) is a 13.61 square mile (50,725 acres (20,528 ha)) irregular tract of protected land located in Lafayette County, within Holly Springs National Forest. Part of the northern boundary of the WMA, south of the Little Tallahatchie Canal, to include north of the Little Tallahatchie River, is located in Marshall County. All U. S. Army Corps of Engineer lands in Lafayette and Marshall Counties and all National forest land in Lafayette County is under the Upper Sardis WMA.

Lafayette County, Mississippi
Lafayette County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. At the 2020 census, the population was 55,813. Its county seat is Oxford. The local pronunciation of the name is "la-FAY-et." The county's name honors Marquis de Lafayette, a French military hero and American general who fought during the American Revolutionary War.

The Oxford, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Lafayette County. The county is policed by the Lafayette County Sheriff's Department.

Lafayette County is often regarded as the inspiration for Yoknapatawpha County, the fictional setting of many of William Faulkner's works.
Peterson family, Bydgoszcz
The Peterson family was a family whose several members had a historical importance in the city of Bydgoszcz, Poland. They were influential from the beginning of the 19th century till the 1930s in the area of politics, engineering and entrepreneurship.

Bydgoszcz Canal
53°08′22″N 17°45′53″E﻿ / ﻿53.139435°N 17.764793°E﻿ / 53.139435; 17.764793

Bydgoszcz Canal (Polish: Kanał Bydgoski, German: Bromberger Kanal) is a canal between the cities of Bydgoszcz and Nakło nad Notecią in Poland. It is 24.7 km long and connects the Vistula river with the Oder river, through the Brda and Noteć rivers (the latter ending in the Warta river which itself ends in the Oder). The level difference along the canal is regulated by 6 locks. The canal was built in 1772–1775 on the order of King Frederick II of Prussia after the First Partition of Poland.

The Bydgoszcz Canal has been listed on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List, Nr.A/900/1-27, on 30 November 2005.
Rishat Khaibullin
Rishat Khaibullin (Russian: Ришат Хайбуллин; born 21 September 1995) is a Kazakh competition climber, who specializes in competition speed climbing. He won the bronze medal in the combined event at the 2019 IFSC Climbing World Championships, which qualified him for the 2020 Summer Olympics. He is also a Master of Sports on International Class. He lives and trains in Brno, Czech Republic. Khaibullin is of Tatar descent.

2019 IFSC Climbing World Championships
The 2019 IFSC Climbing World Championships, the 16th edition, were held in Hachioji, Japan from 11 to 21 August 2019. The championships consisted of lead, speed, bouldering, and combined events. The paraclimbing event was held separately from 16 to 17 July in Briançon, France. The combined event also served as an Olympic qualifying event for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran
Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran on 1 February 1979, after 14 years in exile, was an important event in the Iranian Revolution. It led to the collapse of the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar and the final overthrow of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, on 11 February 1979.

Ruhollah Khomeini, known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician. Prior to his exile, Khomeini had been a prominent opponent of the Shah. Upon his return, he was greeted by crowds of millions, and within 10 days the revolution would be successful. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death.
Khomeini's return and the 10 days following are now celebrated in Iran as the Fajr decade.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
10th Lumière Awards
The 10th Lumière Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, was held on 16 February 2005. The ceremony was hosted by Patrick Souquet and presided by Alain Corneau. The Chorus won the award for Best Film.

Alain Corneau
Alain Corneau (7 August 1943 – 30 August 2010) was a French film director and writer.

Corneau was born in Meung-sur-Loire, Loiret. Originally a musician, he worked with Costa-Gavras as an assistant, which was also his first opportunity to work with the actor Yves Montand, with whom he would collaborate three times later in his career, including Police Python 357 (1976) and La Menace (1977). He directed Gérard Depardieu in the screen adaptation of Tous les matins du monde in 1991.

Corneau died in Paris on 30 August 2010 from cancer, aged 67 and was interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery.

In 2024, Corneau was posthumously accused by Sarah Grappin of grooming her at 16.
Iryū
Iryū: Team Medical Dragon (Japanese: 医龍-Team Medical Dragon-, Hepburn: Iryū Chīmu Medikaru Doragon) is a Japanese medical manga series created by Akira Nagai and illustrated by Tarō Nogizaka; following Nagai's death in 2004, Nogizaka became the sole author, with medical supervision taken by Mie Yoshinuma. The manga was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Superior from April 2002 to January 2011, with its chapters collected in 25 tankōbon volumes.

It was adapted into a live action series, which was broadcast between April and June 2006 and was followed up by three sequels in 2007, 2010, and 2014.

In 2005, the manga won the 50th Shogakukan Manga Award in the general category.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
Shahzada Shahid
Mawlawi Shahzada Shahid was elected to represent Kunar Province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of its National Legislature, in 2005.

A report from the Navy Postgraduate School on Kunar stated that he was a religious scholar who studied in Pakistan.
It mentioned that he was "associated with Sayyaf  [sic] or Hezbi Islami (unclear)  [sic]".
It also noted that he served on the counter-narcotics committee.

In 2010, Shahzada joined a new group of legislators who called themselves the "Reformists".

According to Pahjwok Afghan News, he was re-elected to the Wolesi Jirga in 2010.

In February 2012, Afghan President Hamid Karzai appointed Shahzada to lead a delegation to investigate the deaths of civilians in Konar and Kapisa provinces caused by NATO forces.

Kunar Province
Kunar (Pashto: کونړ; Dari: کنر) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital is Asadabad. The province has an estimated population of 544,839 people.

It is one of the four "N2KL" provinces (Nangarhar Province, Nuristan Province, Kunar Province and Laghman Province). N2KL was the designation used by the US and Coalition Forces in Afghanistan for the rugged region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border opposite Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Kunar is the center of the N2KL region.

Kunar, along with Nuristan, was historically part of the border region known as Kafiristan (the "Land of the Kafirs" or "Land of the Infidels") and until a few decades ago, it was not considered an integral part of Afghanistan. Kunar is a sparsely populated, mountainous, forested border area.

A serious earthquake struck Kunar on 31 August 2025 at 11:47 pm local time, with damage especially bad in Nurgal District.
Juventus FC–AC Milan rivalry
The Juventus FC–AC Milan rivalry is a football derby between Juventus and Milan. Both teams rank among the most successful clubs in the country's football history and often compete for all major domestic honours. It is the oldest running and most played Italian derby, having been played since 1901.

The derby is often compared to Derby d'Italia, the derby between Juventus and Inter Milan; the two derbies collectively are considered one of the facets of the wider and older socioeconomic and historical regional rivalry between cities of Milan and Turin.

1911–12 Prima Categoria
The 1911-12 Prima Categoria was the fifteenth edition of the Italian Football Championship and the ninth since the re-brand to Prima Categoria. Champions for the fourth time in five seasons (punctuated only by their protest two season previous), were Pro Vercelli.
Owen Fleming
Owen Fleming (1867–1955) was an architect based in London. He is noted for being the principal architect for London County Council (LCC), leading the New Housing of the Working Classes Department within the LCC between 1889 and 1900. He was the lead architect with Charles Winmill of 16 Basil Street, a purpose built fire station in Knightsbridge.

Fleming was also responsible for over seeing the Boundary Gardens Scheme, which set a precedent for future council estates. They designed decorative flats that were not simply regimented, with varying size of windows, small doors and roofs with attractive gables. "The Eastender deserves better that that", wrote Fleming referring to the average build in Shoreditch.

Shoreditch
Shoreditch is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Hackney alongside neighbouring parts of Tower Hamlets, which are also perceived as part of the area due to historic ecclesiastical links. Shoreditch lies just north-east of the border with the City of London and is considered to be a part of London's East End.

In the 16th century, Shoreditch was an important centre of the Elizabethan theatre, and it has been an important entertainment centre since that time. Today, it hosts many pubs, bars and nightclubs. The most commercial areas lie closest to the City of London and along the A10 Road, with the rest mostly residential.
Diego Fuser
Diego Fuser (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdjɛːɡo fuˈzɛr]; born 11 November 1968) is an Italian former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder, mainly on the right wing, although he was also capable of playing in the centre. Fuser was a quick, hard-working, and energetic player, with good technique, and crossing ability, who excelled at making offensive runs down the right flank and assisting strikers with accurate crosses. A tenacious, and physically strong winger, he also possessed notable stamina, a powerful shot from distance, and was accurate from set-pieces.

Cross (association football)
In association football, a cross is a medium- to-long-range pass from a wide area of the pitch towards the centre of the field near the opponent's goal. Specifically, the intention of a cross is to directly bring the ball into the box from an angle that allows the attacking forwards to more easily aim for goal with their head or feet. Crosses are generally airborne (floated) to clear nearby defenders, but can also be hit with force along the ground (drilled). It is a quick and effective move.
Roger Lee Vernon
Roger Lee Vernon (1924-2017) was an American science fiction writer.

He received a Master's degree from Northwestern University, traveled extensively throughout North American and Europe, and while writing his stories in the early 1950s worked as a Chicago high school teacher.  In 1968 he received his PhD in history, also from Northwestern University, and afterward taught at colleges in the Chicago area and aboard US Navy ships.  Retired, he lived in Elgin, Illinois with his wife, where he returned to writing.  He and his wife had four children.

Elgin, Illinois
Elgin (/ˈɛldʒɪn/ EL-jin) is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is located 35 mi (56 km) northwest of Chicago along the Fox River. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 114,797, making it the sixth-most populous city in the state.
Bangarappa ministry
Bangarappa ministry was the Council of Ministers in Karnataka, a state in South India headed by S. Bangarappa that was formed after Veerendra Patil submitted resignation.

In the government headed by S. Bangarappa, the Chief Minister was from INC. Apart from the CM, there were other ministers in the government.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
KVEG
KVEG (HOT 97.5) is a rhythmic contemporary radio station serving the Las Vegas area. The Kemp Broadcasting outlet operates at 97.5 MHz with an ERP of 100 kW and is licensed to Mesquite, Nevada. KVEG studios are located at the south end of the Las Vegas Strip and its transmitter is located near Moapa Valley.

Mesquite, Nevada
Mesquite is a city located in the northeast corner of Clark County, Nevada, United States adjacent to the Arizona state line and 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Las Vegas on Interstate 15. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 20,471. The city is located in the Virgin River valley adjacent to the Virgin Mountains in the northeastern part of the Mojave Desert. It is home to a growing retirement community, as well as several casino resorts and golf courses.
Sinobad
Sinobad (Serbian Cyrillic: Синобад) was a Serb family of Kninska Krajina ("Knin Krajina"), part of the so-called "Morlachs", a community in the Dalmatian hinterland that fought for the Republic of Venice against the Ottoman Empire. The Sinobad family moved to Venetian Dalmatia from Herzegovina in the second half of the 17th century.

Herzegovina
Herzegovina (/ˌhɛərtsɪˈɡoʊvɪnə/ HAIRT-sih-GOH-vih-nə or /ˌhɜːrtsəɡoʊˈviːnə/ HURT-sə-goh-VEE-nə; Serbo-Croatian: Hercegovina / Херцеговина, pronounced [xɛ̌rt͡se̞ɡoʋina]) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It presently [when?] does not have strictly defined administrative borders; however, in the past it was organized as Sanjak of Herzegovina (1470–1833; 1851–1912) and Herzegovina Eyalet (1830–1851).

Bosnia, the larger of the two regions, lies to the north of Herzegovina; the Croatian region of Dalmatia lies to the southwest; the Montenegrin region of Old Herzegovina lies to the southeast. The land area of Herzegovina is around 12,000 km2 (4,600 sq mi), or around 23–24% of the country. The largest city is Mostar, in the center of the region. Other large settlements include Trebinje, Široki Brijeg, Ljubuški, Čapljina, Konjic and Posušje.
Plympton, South Australia
Plympton  is an inner south-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. The name is believed to have been given by Henry Mooringe Boswarva to a private subdivision in the area, naming after his home town in Devon, England. It was accepted as an official name for the suburb in 1944.

Of irregular shape, the suburb straddles parts of Marion Road, Cross Road and Anzac Highway. To the east of Marion Road it is bounded by the former Holdfast Bay railway line (northwest), Gray and Beckman Streets (east), and the Glenelg tram line (south). To the west of Marion Road it is bounded Mooringe Avenue (north), Streeters Road and Whelan Avenue (west), and the Glenelg tram line (south).

The remnants of the Holdfast Bay railway line can be found in Plympton's West Side cycleway.

Plympton is in the City of West Torrens local government area; the South Australian House of Assembly districts of Badcoe and Morphett; and the Australian House of Representatives divisions of Hindmarsh and Adelaide.

Plympton
Plympton is a suburb of the city of Plymouth in Devon, England. It is in origin an ancient stannary town. It was an important trading centre for locally mined tin, and a seaport before the River Plym silted up and trade moved down river to Plymouth and was the seat of Plympton Priory the most significant local landholder for many centuries.

Plympton is an amalgamation of several villages, including St Mary's, St Maurice, Colebrook, Woodford, Newnham, Langage and Chaddlewood.

There is a handful of Primary schools, and 2 Secondary schools in Plympton. The majority of these are an academy converter.