hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1954 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 13th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Rome, the capital of Italy, on June 28 - July 1, 1954. It was the first World Championships at which the Soviet Union competed, winning 20 medals overall (more than three times the amount of any other country).  Other major changes at this championships included:  1) it was the first world championships at which a Code of Points was used; and 2) it was the last world championships that would be held "in open air" (outdoors).

Code of Points (gymnastics)
The Code of Points is a rulebook that defines the scoring system for each level of competition in gymnastics. There is not a universal international Code of Points, and every oversight organization — such as the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), NCAA Gymnastics, and most national gymnastics federations — designs and employs its own different Code of Points.
Landsman
Landsman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Landsman (born 1959), South African-born female novelist

Greg Landsman (born 1976), American politician

Jay Landsman, homicide detective and actor from Baltimore, USA

Keren Landsman (born 1977), Israeli epidemiologist and science-fiction writer.

Matilda Landsman, New York Times female employee in the 1950s

Sandy Landsman, children's book author, born in Great Neck, New York

Vladimir Landsman (born 1941), Soviet-Canadian violinist and teacher

Fictional characters:

Jay Landsman (The Wire), character on the HBO drama The Wire, inspired by the real life Jay Landsman

Meyer Landsman, an alcoholic homicide detective with the Sitka police department in Michael Chabon's 2007 novel The Yiddish Policemen's Union

Jay Landsman (The Wire)
Jay Landsman is a semi-fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire based upon the real life Baltimore City police officer Jay Landsman.  The fictional character of Jay Landsman is portrayed by actor Delaney Williams.
CR manifold
In mathematics, a CR manifold, or Cauchy–Riemann manifold, is a differentiable manifold together with a geometric structure modeled on that of a real hypersurface in a complex vector space, or more generally modeled on an edge of a wedge.

Formally, a CR manifold is a differentiable manifold M together with a preferred complex distribution L, or in other words a complex subbundle of the complexified tangent bundle  such that

(L is formally integrable)

.

The subbundle L is called a CR structure on the manifold M. It gives rise to a canonical differential operator mapping locally defined functions to local sections of the dual bundle . This is the -operator; it is defined by

.

The abbreviation CR stands for "Cauchy–Riemann" or "Complex-Real". A CR-function, which is a generalization of a holomorphic function, is a solution to the system of equations .

Edge-of-the-wedge theorem
In mathematics, the edge-of-the-wedge theorem implies that holomorphic functions on two "wedges" with an "edge" in common are analytic continuations of each other provided they both give the same continuous function on the edge. It is used in quantum field theory to construct the analytic continuation of Wightman functions. The formulation and the first proof of the theorem were presented by Nikolay Bogoliubov at the International Conference on Theoretical Physics, Seattle, USA (September, 1956) and also published in the book Problems in the Theory of Dispersion Relations in 1958. The name of the theorem was coined by Hans-Joachim Bremermann, Reinhard Oehme and John G. Taylor who also demonstrated it in 1958.

Further proofs and generalizations of the theorem were given by Res Jost and Harry Lehmann (1957), Freeman Dyson (1958), H. Epstein (1960), and by other researchers.
McKees Rocks Industrial Railroad
The McKees Rocks Industrial Railroad (reporting mark MRIE), formerly the Pittsburgh, Allegheny and McKees Rocks Railroad (PAM), was a switching railroad that served industrial complexes in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania. It formerly served the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (former Pittsburgh and Western Railway) yard across the Ohio River via a car ferry service, operated until 1926 with the steamboat "Steel Queen".

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Al-Rayyan Club (Saudi Arabia)
Al-Rayyan Club (Arabic: نادي الريان) is a Saudi Arabian football club based in Ar Rawdah, Ha'il and competes in the Saudi Second Division, the third tier of Saudi football. The club was founded in 1980 and its first president was Abdullah Al-Mansour. Al-Rayyan won their first promotion to the Saudi Second Division during the 2020–21 season after reaching the semi-finals of the Saudi Third Division. The club also consists of various other departments including, basketball,  table tennis, and handball. The club's current president is Mohammed bin Dhaidan Al-Tamimi.

Saudi Second Division League
The Saudi Second Division League (SDL) is a professional association football league in Saudi Arabia and serves as the third tier of the Saudi football league system. The league consists of 32 teams divided into two groups and ranks directly below the Saudi First Division League.
External combustion engine
An external combustion engine (EC engine) is a reciprocating heat engine where a working fluid, contained internally, is heated by combustion in an external source, through the engine wall or a heat exchanger. The fluid then, by expanding and acting on the mechanism of the engine, produces motion and usable work. The fluid is then dumped (open cycle), or cooled, compressed and reused (closed cycle). 
In these types of engines, the combustion is primarily used as a heat source, and the engine can work equally well with other types of heat sources.

Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.
Percy Holman
Percy Holman (5 April 1891 – 9 June 1978) was a British Labour and Co-operative politician.

Holman was educated at Mill Hill School and the London School of Economics. As e conscientious objector, he served in World War I with the Friends' Ambulance Unit and Red Cross in France, 1915–18. He took up a career as a paper merchant.

Holman was a councillor on Middlesex County Council 1928-31 and Teddington Urban District Council 1928–34. He stood as a candidate in Twickenham four times, at the 1931 general election, by-elections in 1932 and 1934 and the 1935 general election, without success. He was elected Member of Parliament for South West Bethnal Green in 1945 and for the redrawn Bethnal Green in 1950, serving until 1966.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Haodijam Chaitanya
Haodijam Chaitanya (ꯍꯥꯎꯗꯤꯖꯝ ꯆꯩꯇꯅ꯭ꯌꯥ), also known as Haodijamba Chaitanya (ꯍꯥꯎꯗꯤꯖꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯩꯇꯅ꯭ꯌꯥ), or Haodeijamba Chaitanya Singha, was an early social and literary reformer from Manipur. He played an important role in social movements, public service, and the early development of printed literature in the Meitei literature (Manipuri language).

Keke Moirang
Keke Moirang, was an in independent kingdom in the southern plains of the present day Manipur, India from 52 BCE to 1432 CE. The Keke Kangla served as the capital city of the kingdom since time immemorial. The major body of accounts related to the history, literature, mythology of the kingdom are collectively called Moirang Kangleirol.
Dkhissa
Dkhissa is a small town and rural commune in Meknès Prefecture of the Fès-Meknès region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 13,541 people living in 2,476 households.

Fez-Meknes
Fez-Meknes (Arabic: فاس-مكناس, romanized: fās maknās) is among the twelve Regions of Morocco. It has a population of 4,467,911 (2024 census). Its capital is Fez. Its current president is Abdelouhed El Ansari, and its current wali (governor) is Khalid Aït Taleb.
Diadectomorpha
Diadectomorpha is a clade of large tetrapods that lived in Euramerica during the Carboniferous and Early Permian periods and in Asia during Late Permian (Wuchiapingian), They have typically been classified as advanced reptiliomorphs (transitional between "amphibians" sensu lato and amniotes) positioned close to, but outside of the clade Amniota, though some recent research has recovered them as the sister group to the traditional Synapsida within Amniota, based on inner ear anatomy and cladistic analyses. They include both large (up to 2 meters long) carnivorous and even larger (to 3 meters) herbivorous forms, some semi-aquatic and others fully terrestrial. The diadectomorphs seem to have originated during late Mississippian times, although they only became common after the Carboniferous rainforest collapse and flourished during the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian periods.

Carboniferous rainforest collapse
The Carboniferous rainforest collapse (CRC) was a minor extinction event that occurred around 305 million years ago in the Carboniferous period. The event occurred at the end of the Moscovian and continued into the early Kasimovian stages of the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous).

It altered the vast coal forests that covered the equatorial region of Euramerica (Europe and North America). This event may have fragmented the forests into isolated refugia or ecological "islands", which in turn encouraged dwarfism and, shortly after, extinction of many plant and animal species. Following the event, coal-forming tropical forests continued in large areas of the Earth, but their extent and composition were changed.
Outpost Peak
Outpost Peak is a 2,880-metre (9,450-foot) double peak mountain located in the Tonquin Valley of Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada. The northeast peak is identified on some maps as Outpost Peak, but the southwest peak is higher. Outpost Peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Cambrian period, then was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Erebus, 1.0 km (0.62 mi) to the south. The Continental Divide lies 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west, Angle Peak is situated 5.5 km (3.4 mi) to the southeast, and The Ramparts are 4.0 km (2.5 mi) to the north. The mountain's descriptive name was applied in 1921 by the Interprovincial Boundary Survey in keeping with the castle theme of the Ramparts area. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1935 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
La Bibliothèque oulipienne
La Bibliothèque oulipienne is a collection that hosts the works of the individual and collective members of the Oulipo. The short texts that compose them form a fabric of playful literary creations.

This publication is limited to 150 numbered copies (plus the 50 reserved for members), but these volumes are regularly compiled in volume, at Éditions Seghers, then at Le Castor astral.

Georges Perec
Georges Perec  (French: [ʒɔʁʒ peʁɛk]; 7 March 1936 – 3 March 1982) was a French novelist, filmmaker, documentalist, and essayist. He was a member of the Oulipo group. His father died as a soldier early in the Second World War and his mother was killed in the Holocaust. Many of his works deal with absence, loss, and identity, often through word play.
Australia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Australia competed at the 1992 Paralympic Games in Barcelona for physically and vision-impaired athletes. Immediately after the Barcelona Games, the city of Madrid held events for athletes with an intellectual disability. The Madrid results are not included in International Paralympic Committee Historical Results Database. Australia finished 7th in the total medal count, winning 76 medals (24 gold, 27 silver and 25 bronze medals). Australia competed in 13 sports and won medals in 3 sports – swimming, athletics and weightlifting. Australia finished first in the medal tally at the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with Mental Handicap in Madrid.

Tracy Barrell
Tracy Lee Barrell, OAM (born 1974) is a triple congenital amputee Paralympic swimmer from Australia. She won two gold medals at the 1992 Barcelona Games. She is a strong advocate for people with disabilities and an indigenous Australian.
Monsieur Taxi
Monsieur Taxi is a 1952 French comedy film directed André Hunebelle and starring Michel Simon and Jane Marken and Jean Brochard. It is about Pierre Verger, who is nicknamed Monsieur Taxi and always in company of a smart young dog called "Gangster". It was shot at the Saint-Maurice Studios in Paris and on location around the city including in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés. The film's sets were designed by the art director Lucien Carré.

Lucien Carré
Lucien Carré (born 1904) was a French art director active in the French cinema designing film sets from the late 1920s to the late 1950s. He worked frequently with the director André Hunebelle as well as Julien Duvivier and Anatole Litvak.
Communes of the Morbihan department
The following is a list of the 249 communes of the Morbihan department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):

CA Golfe du Morbihan - Vannes Agglomération

CA Lorient Agglomération

Communauté d'agglomération de la Presqu'île de Guérande Atlantique (partly)

CA Redon Agglomération (partly)

Communauté de communes Arc Sud Bretagne

Communauté de communes Auray Quiberon Terre Atlantique

CC Baud Communauté

Communauté de communes de Belle-Île-en-Mer

Communauté de communes de Blavet Bellevue Océan

CC Centre Morbihan Communauté

Communauté de communes de l'Oust à Brocéliande

CC Ploërmel Communauté

CC Pontivy Communauté (partly)

CC Questembert Communauté

CC Roi Morvan Communauté

Redon Agglomération
Redon Agglomération is a French intercommunal structure centred on the city of Redon. It is located in the departments Morbihan, Ille-et-Vilaine and Loire-Atlantique, in the regions Brittany and Pays de la Loire, northwestern France. It was created in April 1996. Its area is 990.9 km2. Its population was 66,478 in 2018, of which 9,151 in Redon proper.
Divinópolis do Tocantins
Divinópolis do Tocantins is a municipality in the state of Tocantins in the Northern region of Brazil.

The municipality contains 11.03% of the 1,678,000-hectare (4,150,000-acre) Ilha do Bananal / Cantão Environmental Protection Area, created in 1997.

North Region, Brazil
The North Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Norte do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈnɔʁtʃi du bɾaˈziw]) is the largest region of Brazil, accounting for 45.27% of the national territory. It has the second-lowest population of any region in the country, and accounts for a minor percentage of the national GDP. The region is slightly larger than India and slightly smaller than the whole European Union. It comprises the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins.

It has the lowest population density out of all the regions of Brazil, with only 4.5 inhabitants per km2. Most of the population is centered in urban areas.

Belém International Airport and Manaus International Airport connect the North Region with many Brazilian cities and also operate some international flights. The region is home to the Federal University of Amazonas and the Federal University of Pará, among others.
Helen Taggart Clark
Helen Taggart Clark (née, Taggart; pen names, H. T. C. and Helen T. Clark; April 24, 1849 – July 26, 1918) 
was an American columnist, short story writer, and poet from Pennsylvania. She contributed poems, stories, and essays to a range of periodicals including Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, the Christian Union, the Woman's Journal, and the Springfield Republican, and wrote a weekly column for the Sudbury, Massachusetts News. Publishing under both her own name and the initials "H. T. C.", she combined literary work with teaching and local cultural activities throughout her life. Clark lived in several locations, including Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Massachusetts, before eventually settling in Brooklyn, New York.

Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, later renamed Leslie's Weekly, was an American illustrated literary and news magazine founded in 1855 and published until 1922. It was one of several magazines started by publisher and illustrator Frank Leslie.

Throughout its existence, the weekly provided illustrations and reports—with wood engravings, lithographs and steel engravings based on sketches and photography, beginning with daguerreotypes and later with more advanced forms of photography—of wars from John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry and the Civil War to the Spanish–American War and the First World War - and numerous other articles of topical interest.
Grand Declaration of War
Grand Declaration of War is the second studio album by the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem, released by Season of Mist and Necropolis Records on 6 June 2000. A re-release of the album came out in December 2018, with Jaime Gomez Arellano overseeing the production.

The album's title and some of the lyrics are taken from the writings of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, particularly his books Twilight of the Idols—Nietzsche called Twilight of the Idols "a grand declaration of war" („eine grosse Kriegserklärung“). Grand Declaration of War is known for its eccentric musical style, which garnered a mixed reception upon release.

Necropolis Records
Necropolis Records (located in Fremont, California) was a record label founded by Paul Thind in 1993, mainly providing an American home for extreme black metal.

The label's roster included artists such as Archgoat, The Black, Incantation, Satanic Slaughter, Witchery, Rotten Sound, Babylon Whores, Dissection, Dawn, Tartaros, Vondur, Impaled and Demilich. The label folded in 2003.
Bennett Mountain
Bennett Mountain, also commonly known as Bennett Peak, is a 1,909-foot (582 m) summit in the Sonoma Mountains of California.  Located on the west edge of Annadel State Park, it separates Bennett Valley in the Russian River drainage basin from Sonoma Valley in the Sonoma Creek drainage basin.

Bennett Valley was named for James N. Bennett, an emigrant from Illinois who settled in the area in the 19th century.

The mountain was burned following the October 2017 Northern California wildfires.

Sonoma Valley
Sonoma Valley is a valley landform located in southeastern Sonoma County, California, in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Known as the birthplace of the California wine industry, the valley is home to some of the earliest vineyards and wineries in the state, some of which survived the phylloxera epidemic of the 1870s and the impact of Prohibition in the early 20th century. As of 2025, the valley's wines are promoted by the Federal designations of Sonoma Valley and its four sub-appellations: Bennett Valley, Los Carneros, Sonoma Mountain and Moon Mountain District American Viticultural Areas (AVA).

Sonoma Valley offers a wide range of year-round festivals and events, including the Sonoma International Film Festival. Points of interest include the Quarryhill Botanic Garden, Mission San Francisco Solano, Jack London State Historic Park, Sonoma State Historic Park and the Blue Wing Inn of 1840.
Jürg Weibel
Jürg Weibel (Bern, 19 August 1944 - Basel, 24 May 2006) was a Swiss writer, journalist and teacher.

He studied medicine, German, history and philology at the University of Basel.  He was a member of Gruppe Olten and of P.E.N.

PEN International
PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centres in more than 100 countries.

Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned, and sometimes killed for their views.