hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leticia Brambila Paz
Gloria Leticia Brambila Paz (born 1953) is a Mexican mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and the moduli of algebraic curves. She is a professor in the Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas (CIMAT) in Guanajuato, Mexico.

Moduli of algebraic curves
In algebraic geometry, a moduli space of (algebraic) curves  is a geometric space (typically a scheme or an algebraic stack) whose points represent isomorphism classes of algebraic curves.  It is thus a special case of a moduli space. Depending on the restrictions applied to the classes of algebraic curves considered, the corresponding moduli problem and the moduli space is different. One also distinguishes between  fine and coarse moduli spaces for the same moduli problem.

The most basic problem is that of moduli of smooth complete curves of a fixed genus. Over the field of complex numbers these correspond precisely to compact Riemann surfaces of the given genus, for which Bernhard Riemann proved the first results about moduli spaces, in particular their dimensions ("number of parameters on which the complex structure depends").
Omar López (baseball)
Omar E. López (born January 3, 1977) is a Venezuelan professional baseball coach and former player, scout, and manager in Minor League Baseball (MiLB). He is the bench coach for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB), a role in which he has served since 2024. López has worked in the Astros' organization since 1999. López also managed the Venezuelan national team at the 2023 World Baseball Classic and the 2024 WBSC Premier12.

Venezuelans
Venezuelans (Spanish: venezolanos) are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of their Venezuelan citizenship or their bond to Venezuela.

Venezuela is a diverse and multilingual country, home to a melting pot of people of distinct origins. As a result, many Venezuelans do not regard their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship or allegiance. From the 1820s to 1930s Venezuela received 2.1 million European immigrants, the third most in Latin America, behind Argentina and Brazil.
Votsky Meneuz
Votsky Meneuz (Russian: Вотский Менеуз; Bashkir: Вотяк Мәнәүезе, Votyak Mänäweze) is a rural locality (a village) in Andreyevsky Selsoviet, Ilishevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Ilishevsky District
Ilishevsky District (Russian: Или́шевский райо́н; Bashkir: Илеш районы, İleş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders with Krasnokamsky District in the north, Dyurtyulinsky District in the east, Chekmagushevsky District in the southeast and south, Bakalinsky District in the southwest, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,980.53 square kilometers (764.69 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhneyarkeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 34,654, with the population of Verkhneyarkeyevo accounting for 28.0% of that number.
Lok Bhavan, Agartala
Lok Bhavan formerly  Raj Bhavan (translation: Government House) is the official residence of the governor of Tripura.  The residence is located in the state's capital city of Agartala. A new Raj Bhavan was built and inaugurated in April 2018. The previous Raj Bhavan was built in 1917, and was known as the Pushbanta Palace prior to India's independence. The previous Raj Bhavan edifice is intended to become a museum and research center in honor of King of Tripura, Maharaja Birendra Kishore Manikya.

Agartala
Agartala (/əˈɡɑːrtələ/, Bengali: [ˈagɔɾˌtɔla] ⓘ, Kok Borok: [aguli]) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Tripura, situated on the banks of Haora/Saidra River, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the border with Bangladesh and about 2,499 km (1,552 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi. According to 2022 AMC data, Agartala is the second most populous city after Guwahati in Northeast India. It is India's third international internet gateway and being developed under the Smart Cities Mission.
Laff Trakk
Laff Trakk is an indoor spinning steel roller coaster at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The roller coaster was designed by Maurer AG while the indoor theming was designed by Raven Sun Creative. Laff Trakk is Hersheypark's 12th oldest operating roller coaster and is located in the Midway America section of the park, adjacent to the Merry-Derry-Dip attraction. The site of the coaster is on the former location of Granny Bugs, Miniature Train, and Pony Parade, three kinds of kiddie rides. The coaster is considered a "glow coaster" because of the interior theming of the ride which appears to glow in the dark. The ride track is black-blue as is its support, with the ride vehicles being violet. The theming also recalls past funhouses that were in Hersheypark between 1930 and 1972. Laff Trakk opened to the general public on May 23, 2015.

Maurer AG
Maurer AG, formerly known as Maurer Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, is a steel construction company and roller coaster manufacturer. Founded in 1876 in Munich, Germany, the company has built many styles of steel buildings, ranging from bridges, industrial buildings, and even art structures. While known for building a variety of wild mouse coasters, its subsidiary Maurer Rides GmbH has branched out into spinning, looping, and launching coasters. The company also produces a free-fall tower ride. On December 15, 2014, the company changed its name to Maurer AG.
1902 Claremont state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Claremont in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia was held on 11 June 1902. It was triggered by the resignation of William Sayer (the sitting member) on 26 May. John Foulkes, a prominent local lawyer, won the election with 40.4 percent of the vote. Of the other four candidates, three entered (or re-entered) parliament themselves at later dates.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Grunwald Square (Szczecin)
The Grunwald Square (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡrun.valt]; Polish: Plac Grunwaldzki) is a circular urban square in Szczecin, Poland, within the Centre neighbourhood in the Downtown district. It forms a roundabout at the intersection of Pope John Paul II Avenue, Piłsudski Street, Rayski Street, and Śląska Street. The Grunwald Square is surrounded by historic tenement houses dating to the end of the 19th century, mostly built in the eclectic style, as well as modernist apartment buildings constructed in 1965. It was developed the 1880s.

Ryszard Chachulski
Ryszard Chachulski (Polish: [ˈrɘ̟.ʂart xaˈxul.ski]; 19 February 1931 – 9 April 2012) was a modern art sculptor based in Szczecin, Poland. Among his best known works are the Sailor Monument and the Railwayman Monument in Szczecin.
Begin (band)
Begin (ビギン, Bigin; IPA: [biɡiɴ], stylized as BEGIN) is a Japanese pop rock group from Ishigaki Island in the Yaeyama Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Their sound contains many elements of traditional Okinawan music, and prominently features the sanshin.

In 2003, HMV Japan ranked the band at #100 in their "Top 100 Japanese pops Artists".

Yaeyama Islands
The Yaeyama Islands (八重山列島 Yaeyama-rettō, also 八重山諸島 Yaeyama-shotō, Yaeyama: Yaima, Yonaguni: Daama, Okinawan: Yeema, Northern Ryukyuan: やへま Yapema) are an archipelago in the southwest of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and cover 591.46 square kilometres (228.36 mi2). The islands are located southwest of the Miyako Islands, part of the Ryukyu Islands archipelago. The Yaeyama Islands are the most remote part of Japan from the main islands and contain Japan's southernmost (Hateruma) and westernmost (Yonaguni) inhabited islands. The city of Ishigaki serves as the political, cultural, and economic center of the Yaeyama Islands.  On maps dating to the 1700s, the Yaeyama Group of Islands appears as the "Majico Sima Group", "Nambu-soto Islands", "Nambu Soto", and the "Taipin Islands".
Jack Dempsey vs. Luis Ángel Firpo
Jack Dempsey vs. Luis Ángel Firpo was a professional boxing match contested on September 14, 1923, for the undisputed heavyweight championship.

It was one of the most significant events in sports of the era as well as the first time that a Latin American challenged for the world heavyweight title. The bout was named Ring Magazine Fight of the Year for 1923. The painting Dempsey and Firpo by George Bellows, showing Firpo knocking Dempsey out of the ring, is an iconic piece of Americana.

Gene Tunney
James Joseph Tunney (May 25, 1897 – November 7, 1978) was an Irish-American professional boxer who competed from 1915 to 1928. He held the world heavyweight title from 1926 to 1928, and the American light heavyweight title twice between 1922 and 1923.

A highly technical boxer, Tunney had a five-fight light heavyweight rivalry with Harry Greb in which he won three, lost once, and drew once, though many ringside reporters believed Greb should have won the decision in their second meeting. Tunney also knocked out Georges Carpentier and defeated Jack Dempsey twice; first in 1926 and again in 1927. Tunney's successful title defense against Dempsey remains one of the most famous bouts in boxing history and is known as The Long Count Fight. He retired undefeated as a heavyweight after his victory over Tom Heeney in 1928, after which Tunney was named the inaugural Fighter of the Year by The Ring magazine.
Speedway Grand Prix of Russia
The Speedway Grand Prix of Russia is a speedway event that is a part of the Speedway Grand Prix Series. It was introduced in 2021 Speedway Grand Prix. The first staging was planned for 28 August 2021 at the Anatoly Stepanov Stadium in Tolyatti.

The 2022 edition was cancelled following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Tolyatti
Tolyatti or Togliatti, known before 1964 as Stavropol, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the largest city in Russia which is neither the administrative center of a federal subject, nor the largest city of a subject. Population: 684,709 (2021 census); 719,632 (2010 census); 702,879 (2002 census); 630,543 (1989 Soviet census).

The city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada). For this reason, Tolyatti is often dubbed "Russia's motor city" or "Russia's Motown" (in reference to Detroit in the United States—the spiritual home of the American automotive industry). It was renamed after Italian communist politician Palmiro Togliatti in 1964, upon his death in the Soviet Union.
Silver(I,III) oxide
Silver(I,III) oxide or tetrasilver tetroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ag4O4. It is a component of silver zinc batteries. It can be prepared by the slow addition of a silver(I) salt to a persulfate solution e.g. AgNO3 to a Na2S2O8 solution.  It adopts an unusual structure, being a mixed-valence compound.  It is a dark brown solid that decomposes with evolution of O2 in water.  It dissolves in concentrated nitric acid to give brown solutions containing the Ag2+ ion.

Persulfate
A persulfate (sometimes known as peroxysulfate or peroxodisulfate) is a compound containing the anions SO2−5 or S2O2−8.  The anion SO2−5 contains one peroxide group per sulfur center, whereas in S2O2−8, the peroxide group bridges the sulfur atoms.  In both cases, sulfur adopts the normal tetrahedral geometry typical for the S(VI) oxidation state. These salts are strong oxidizers.
TiVo digital video recorders
TiVo digital video recorders encompass a number of digital video recorder (DVR) models that TiVo Corporation designed. Features may vary, but a common feature is that all of the units listed here require TiVo service and use its operating system.

TiVo units have been manufactured by various OEMs, including Philips, Sony, Pioneer, Toshiba, and Humax. Cisco Systems and Samsung joined forces with pay TV Provider Virgin Media (UK-only) to create the Virgin Media TiVo box. The OEMs license the software from TiVo Corporation.

To date, there have been seven "series" of TiVo units produced, with the seventh series, the Edge, released in October 2019.

PowerPC 400
The PowerPC 400 family is a line of 32-bit embedded RISC processor cores based on the PowerPC or Power ISA instruction set architectures. The cores are designed to fit inside specialized applications ranging from system-on-a-chip (SoC) microcontrollers, network appliances, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to set-top boxes, storage devices and supercomputers.

Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (AMCC) bought assets concerning the 400 family cores from IBM in April 2004 for $227 million, and they now market the processors under their own name.  IBM continues evolving the cores while supplying design and foundry services around the cores. Several cores are also available for licensing by OEMs from IBM and Synopsys.
Blackmore's Night
Blackmore's Night is a British-American neo-medieval folk rock band formed in 1997, consisting mainly of Ritchie Blackmore (acoustic guitar, hurdy gurdy, mandola, mandolin, nyckelharpa, and electric guitar) and Candice Night (lead vocals, lyricist, and woodwinds). Their lineup has seen many changes over the years; Blackmore and Night have been the only two constant members. They have released eleven studio albums. Their early releases were mostly acoustic and imitated early music, but eventually Blackmore's Night started using more electric guitars and other modern instruments, as well as performing folk-rearranged cover versions of pop and rock songs.

Neo-medieval music
Neo-medieval music is a modern popular music characterized by elements of medieval music and early music in general. Music styles within neo-medieval music vary from authentic performance interpretations of medieval music (understood as classical music) to crossover genres that blend medieval instruments, such as bagpipe, shawm and hurdy-gurdy with electronic music and rock. In many cases, it is more or less overlapping with styles such as folk rock, British folk rock and neofolk.

Bands specializing in neo-medieval music are particularly plentiful in Germany, although the genre also enjoys some popularity in North America, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Scandinavia.
South China
South China (pinyin: Huá'nán; Jyutping: jyut6 naam4) is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China. Its precise meaning varies with context. A notable feature of South China in comparison to the rest of China proper is that most of its citizens are not native speakers of Standard Chinese. Cantonese is the most common language in general definitions of South China.

Shenzhen University
Shenzhen University (SZU, Traditional Chinese: 深圳大學, Simplified Chinese: 深圳大学, Pinyin: Shēnzhèn Dàxué) is a municipal public research university in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. The university is funded by the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government.
Mount Chittenden
Mount Chittenden, elevation 10,182 feet (3,103 m), is a mountain peak in the Absaroka Range in Yellowstone National Park. The peak was named by Henry Gannett of the Hayden Geological Survey of 1878 for George B. Chittenden, a surveyor who had worked with Gannett, Hayden and others in surveys in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. Chittenden never participated in any of the Yellowstone surveys.

Mount Chittenden was not named for Major Hiram M. Chittenden, the U.S. Army Engineer famous for his road and bridge work in the park.

Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden
Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden (September 7, 1829 – December 22, 1887) was an American geologist noted for his pioneering surveying expeditions of the Rocky Mountains in the late 19th century. He was also a physician who served with the Union Army during the Civil War.
Tony Norman (gridiron football)
Anthony Alexander Norman (born January 27, 1955) is a former American and Canadian football defensive end in the Canadian Football League (CFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played in the CFL for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and the NFL for the Minnesota Vikings. Norman played college football at Iowa State.

Iowa State Cyclones football
The Iowa State Cyclones football program is the intercollegiate football team at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. The team is coached by Jimmy Rogers. The Cyclones compete in the Big 12 Conference, and are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the NCAA. The Cyclones play their home games at Jack Trice Stadium, with a capacity of 61,500. The Iowa State Cyclones football team drew an average home attendance of 60,384 in 2023, the 28th highest in college football.
Crittenden, Virginia
Crittenden is an unincorporated community in the independent city of Suffolk, Virginia, United States. It is located along U.S. Route 17 just south of its crossing of Chuckatuck Creek.

36°54′36″N 76°29′46″W﻿ / ﻿36.910°N 76.496°W﻿ / 36.910; -76.496

Suffolk, Virginia
Suffolk (locally /ˈsʌfʊk/ SUF-uuk) is an independent city in Virginia, United States. As of 2020, the population was 94,324. It is the 10th-most populous city in Virginia, the largest city in Virginia by boundary land area as well as the 14th-largest in the country.
Suffolk is located in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. This also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach, and smaller cities, counties, and towns of Hampton Roads. With miles of waterfront property on the Nansemond and James rivers, present-day Suffolk was formed in 1974 after consolidating with Nansemond County and the towns of Holland and Whaleyville.
Onesimus of Soissons
St. Onesimus, was a 4th-century bishop and pre-congregational saint of France. He was the fifth bishop of Soissons, being appointed about 350 AD and holding office till 361 AD.

He died in 361 AD and his feast day is May 13.

Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
In the Catholic Church, the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, previously named the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (Latin: Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum), is the dicastery of the Roman Curia that oversees the complex process that leads to the canonization of saints, passing through the steps of a declaration of "heroic virtues" and beatification. After preparing a case, including the approval of miracles, the case is presented to the pope, who decides whether or not to proceed with beatification or canonization.
Treaty of Leipzig
The Treaty of Leipzig or Partition of Leipzig (German Leipziger Teilung) was signed on 11 November 1485 between Elector Ernest of Saxony and his younger brother Albert III, the sons of Elector Frederick II of Saxony from the House of Wettin. The agreement perpetuated the division of the Wettin lands into a Saxon and a Thuringian part, which in the long run obstructed the further development of a Central German hegemonic power in favour of Brandenburg-Prussia.

Central Germany (cultural area)
Central Germany (German: Mitteldeutschland [ˈmɪtl̩ˌdɔʏtʃlant] ⓘ) is an economic and cultural region in Germany. Its exact borders depend on context, but it is often defined as being a region within the federal states of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt, or a smaller part of this region, such as the metropolitan area of Leipzig and Halle plus the surrounding counties.

The name dates from the German Empire, when the region was approximately in the centre of the country. Since the German Empire's eastern territories became part of Poland and Russia in the aftermath of World War II, "Central Germany" has been located east of the centre of the country, but the name is still often used in business, media and by the Central German Metropolitan Region. Against this background, the term is not or no longer to be understood as a geographic term.
Alix Wilkinson
Alix Wilkinson (born August 2, 2000) is an American World Cup alpine skier from Mammoth Lakes, California. She focuses on the speed events of downhill and super-G, and made her World Cup debut in December 2019 in downhill at Lake Louise, Canada.

Wilkinson represented the United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics as a replacement for an injured Breezy Johnson.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase
Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.40, phenylalanine N-hydroxylase, CYP79A2) is an enzyme with systematic name L-phenylalanine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

L-phenylalanine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+  (E)-phenylacetaldoxime + 2 NADP+ + CO2 + 3 H2O (overall reaction)

(1a) L-phenylalanine + O2 + NADPH + H+  N-hydroxy-L-phenylalanine + NADP+ + H2O:

(1b) N-hydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 + NADPH + H+  N,N-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + NADP+ + H2O

(1c) N,N-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine  (E)-phenylacetaldoxime + CO2 + H2O

Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase is a heme-thiolate protein (P-450). It is part of the pathway in plants which converts phenylalanine to the glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin, which contributes to the characteristic flavor of  brassicas.

Glucosinolate
Glucosinolates are natural components of many pungent plants such as mustard, cabbage, and horseradish. The pungency of those plants is due to mustard oils produced from glucosinolates when the plant material is chewed, cut, or otherwise damaged. These natural chemicals most likely contribute to plant defence against pests and diseases, and impart a characteristic bitter flavor property to cruciferous vegetables.
Archibugi
Archibugi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniele Archibugi (born 1958), Italian economic and political theorist

Francesca Archibugi (born 1960), Italian film director and scriptwriter

Franco Archibugi (1926–2020), Italian economist

Franco Archibugi
Franco Archibugi  (18 September 1926 – 23 November 2020) was an Italian scholar in political, economic and social sciences, university professor in economic policy and spatial planning. He largely operated in Italy and in international governmental agencies; including in the field of economic development, social welfare and cooperation policy. Archibugi was the author of several works in planning theory and methodology, and was among the theorists and promoters of a new unitary discipline of planning – the “Planology” – aimed at creating a bridge between the theoretical scientific progress in economics and other social sciences with the actual political and administrative efficiency and management. After retiring from academia, he was still an active researcher as President of the Planning Studies Centre. He died in Rome in November 2020 at the age of 94.