hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1854 Waimea by-election
The 1854 Waimea by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate of Waimea during the 1st New Zealand Parliament, on 21 June 1854, and was the second by-election in New Zealand political history (and the first contested by-election), coming two days after the Town of Nelson by-election.

The Waimea member of parliament William Cautley and the neighbouring Town of Nelson electorate's MP  William Travers both resigned on 26 May 1854, two days after the start of the first Parliamentary session of the 1st New Zealand Parliament. On nomination day (20 June) William Travers and Francis Jollie were nominated (Jollie was nominated in absentia), and after a show of hands in favour of Jollie, Travers demanded a poll. William Travers was subsequently elected the following day.

New Zealand electorates
An electorate or electoral district (Māori: rohe pōti) is a geographic constituency used for electing a member (MP) to the New Zealand Parliament. The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately the same electoral population.

Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. Thereafter, New Zealand's electoral system provides that some (in practice, the majority) of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate representatives with the remainder being filled from party lists in order to achieve proportional representation among parties. The number of electorates changes periodically, in line with national population growth. Starting from the 2020 general election, there are 72 electorates including the Māori electorates.
Equitable right
An equitable right is a legal right guaranteed by equity as opposed to a legal right which derives authority from a legal source.

An example of an equitable right could be seen in Real property law, where mention is made of a beneficial interest i.e. vested interests in an estate which are protected by equity. In essence, a contributor to the purchase of a property, has an equitable right to that property albeit not being the registered proprietor or on the deed, as well as equity of redemption. Equitable rights can be built be upon one another.

In most of the United States, it is no longer necessary to go to an equity court or court of chancery to enforce an equitable right. There are exceptions, such as Delaware.

Equitable rights require "clean hands", that is, that the person petitioning for a court to use equitable powers has done nothing wrong to make the situation worse. If an equitable right is equal to a legal right, the legal right prevails.

Property law
Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property. Property refers to legally protected claims to resources, such as land and personal property, including intellectual property. Property can be exchanged through contract law, and if property is violated, one could sue under tort law to protect it.

The concept, idea or philosophy of property underlies all property law. In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty.
Mirman School
Mirman School is an independent, co-educational school for highly gifted children located at 16180 Mulholland Drive in Bel-Air, Los Angeles, California, United States, with approximately 400 pupils aged 5 to 14. Mirman School is accredited by the California Association of Independent Schools (CAIS) and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges WASC for grades K-8. Mirman is one of a handful of schools for the highly gifted (IQ of 138 or above) in the United States.

Mulholland Drive
Mulholland Drive is a street and road in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains of Southern California. It is named after pioneering Los Angeles civil engineer William Mulholland. The western rural portion in Los Angeles and Ventura counties is named Mulholland Highway. The road is featured in a significant number of films, songs, and novels. David Lynch, who wrote and directed a film named after Mulholland Drive, has said that one can feel "the history of Hollywood" on it. Jack Nicholson has lived on Mulholland Drive for many years, and still did so as of 2009.
Svend Andresen
Svend Jørgen Gerner Andresen (born 20 May 1950) is a Danish former association football player, who played 29 games for the Denmark national football team from 1970 to 1975, and represented Denmark at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Born in Østerbro, Andresen played as a defender for B 1903, before he moved abroad and played 48 games for Eintracht Trier in the German 2nd Bundesliga from 1976 to 1978. He also played 11 games for the Denmark national under-21 football team.

Østerbro
Østerbro (Danish pronunciation: [ˈøstɐˌpʁoˀ]) is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark. It is located just north of the city centre, outside the old city gate Østerport which, after it was moved around 1700, used to be located close to present-day Østerport Station. From the beginning, Østerbro has been a wealthy district, and it remains one of the most affluent areas in Copenhagen.
Paul R. Parrette
Paul R. Parrette (January 28, 1906, Utah - October 17, 1980) was a former general manager of the Philippine Manufacturing Company in the Philippines. He was also one of the original board of trustees of the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement.  He was married to Frances E. Parrette (born on August 17, 1907 - died on September 13, 1963).

Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement
The Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement, abbreviated as PRRM, is a non-governmental organization and institution formed in 1952. As a movement, it was initiated by upper and middle class group of individuals. After World War II, among its tasks had been the establishment of cooperatives in rural communities. It was the inspiration for the founding of the Federation of Free Farmers in 1953, as well as the birthing of organizations similar to PRRM in other countries such as Thailand, Colombia, India, and Guatemala. Its main office is in Quezon City.
Sam Davies (cricketer)
Samuel Llyr Davies (born 30 January 1992) is a Welsh cricketer. Davies is a right-handed batsman who bowls left-arm medium pace. He was born at Neath, Glamorgan, and was educated at Ysgol Gyfun Ystalyfera School and Neath College.

Davies made his 2nd XI debut for Glamorgan vs MCC young cricketers and has to date made over 25 appearances for the county. He later made his Test Match debut for Wales Minor Counties against Lincolnshire in the 2009 MCCA Knockout Trophy. His Minor Counties Championship debut came in the same season against Shropshire. To date he has made fourteen Minor Counties Championship and ten MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for a degree in Sports Coaching at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, Davies made his debut in first-class cricket for Cardiff MCCU against Somerset in 2012 at Taunton Vale Sports Club Ground, making scores of 42 and 14.

Shropshire County Cricket Club
Shropshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Shropshire.

The team is a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Shropshire played List A matches occasionally from 1974 until 2005, but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club plays at Shrewsbury and around the county at Bridgnorth, Oswestry, Shifnal, Wellington, and Whitchurch.
Mohammad Vaez Mousavi
Hujjat al-Islam Seyyed Mohammad Vaez Mousavi (Persian: سید محمد واعظ موسوی, was born 1964 in Shabestar, East Azerbaijan)  is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician. He is a member of the 4th Assembly of Experts from electorate East Azerbaijan. Va'ez Mousavi won with 305,072 votes

Shabestar
Shabestar (Persian: شبستر) is a city in the Central District of Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Shabestar, with an altitude of 1,400 meters, is located in the southern foothills of Mishudagh, 575 km northwest of Tehran and 54 km northwest of Tabriz, on the road from Tabriz to Khuy, Selmas, Urumiye, Ushnawiye and Piranshahr. The railway line from Tabriz to Türkiye passes by this city.
Photoencephalography
Photoencephalography is an emerging, non-invasive neuroimaging technique that aims to monitor brain activity by detecting ultraweak photon emissions produced by neural tissues. These faint light signals, also known as biophotons, are generated during cellular metabolism and may reflect physiological and cognitive states of the brain. Unlike traditional neuroimaging methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG), which measure electrical or magnetic fields, photoencephalography focuses on optical signals emitted naturally by the brain, potentially offering a novel approach to studying brain function and diagnosing neurological disorders.

Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue, also called neural tissue, is the main tissue component of the nervous system. The nervous system regulates and controls body functions and activity. It consists of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the branching peripheral nerves. It is composed of neurons, also known as nerve cells, which receive and transmit impulses to and from it, and neuroglia, also known as glial cells or glia, which assist the propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide nutrients to the neurons.

Nervous tissue is made up of different types of neurons, all of which have an axon. An axon is the long stem-like part of the cell that sends action potentials to the next cell. Bundles of axons make up the nerves in the PNS and tracts in the CNS.

Functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity.
William E. Doll Jr.
William "Bill" Elder Doll Jr. (January 29, 1931 – December 27, 2017) was an American educator, author and curriculum theorist. Doll's scholarly study started in progressivism, moved to Piaget, and gradually shifted to postmodernism, chaos theory and complexity and their implications for school curriculum. Doll is among the first group of scholars who introduced complexity thinking to education in the 1980s.

Ilya Prigogine
Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (/prɪˈɡoʊʒiːn/; Russian: Илья́ Рома́нович Приго́жин; 25 January [O.S. 12 January] 1917 – 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist, noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility.

Prigogine's work most notably earned him the 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures”, as well as the Francqui Prize in 1955, and the Rumford Medal in 1976.
ScopeArchiv
scopeArchiv is an archive information program that covers the hybrid records management as well as the digital preservation.

scopeArchiv covers the archival work process from accession to usage for public and private archives. It allows the OAIS conform and ISO 20652 based transfer of digital data to the archive. The software follows the international standards ISAD(G), ISAAR(CPF), ISDIAH, ISDF and the metadata standards EAD, Dublin Core and PREMIS. It is available in English, German and French.

The module scopeIngest (digital preservation) allows a gate to any archival storage products and works as interface between the description and the repository (e.g. Fedora Commons).

ISAD(G)
The General International Standard Archival Description, abbreviated as ISAD(G), defines the elements that should be included in an archival finding aid. It was approved by the International Council on Archives (ICA) as an international standard for registering archival documents produced by corporations, persons and families.
Lita Stantic
Élida Stantic (born 7 April 1942), more commonly known and credited as Lita Stantic, is an Argentine producer, screenwriter, and director.

Stantic is one of the most important producers working in the "New Argentine Cinema," responsible for the debut films of some of the most critically well regarded new Argentine filmmakers such as Lucrecia Martel, Pablo Trapero, and Israel Adrián Caetano.

Bolivia (film)
Bolivia is a 2001 Argentine and Dutch drama film directed by Israel Adrián Caetano, his first feature-length film. The screenplay is written by Caetano, based upon the Romina Lafranchini story, about his wife. The motion picture features Freddy Flores and Rosa Sánchez, among others.

The film was photographed in "gritty" 16mm black-and-white, and was shot by cinematographer Julián Apezteguia. Bolivia was filmed entirely in Buenos Aires.
Outer loop
Outer loop can refer to:

The counterclockwise lanes of travel on an orbital roadway for traffic that drives on the right, or the clockwise lanes of travel for traffic that drives on the left.
The outer loop (counter-clockwise roadway) of Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)

A beltway that encircles an urban area's "outer" limits or the outermost beltway.
The proposed Outer Perimeter around Atlanta, Georgia
New York State Route 47, the former designation of the Outer Loop expressway around Rochester, New York
Interstate 295 (North Carolina), also known as the Fayetteville Outer Loop
Interstate 540 (North Carolina), also known as the Raleigh Outer Loop

Osaka Outer Loop Line, a tentative name of Osaka Higashi Line, a railway line around Osaka, Japan

In computer programming, a control flow loop that has another loop nested inside it—see Inner loop

Inner loop
In computer programs, an important form of control flow is the loop which causes a block of code to be executed more than once. A common idiom is to have a loop nested inside another loop, with the contained loop being commonly referred to as the inner loop.
1986 in Japanese music
In 1986 (Shōwa 61), Japanese music was released on records, and there were charts, awards, contests and festivals.

During that year, Japan continued to have the second largest music market in the world.

Akina Nakamori
Akina Nakamori (中森 明菜, Nakamori Akina; born 13 July 1965) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. She is one of the most popular and best-selling music artists in Japan. Akina achieved national recognition after winning the 1981 season of the talent show Star Tanjō!. Her debut single "Slow Motion" was released to moderate success, peaking at number thirty on the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart. Nakamori's popularity increased with the release of her follow-up single, "Shōjo A", which peaked at number five on the Oricon charts and sold over 390,000 copies. Her second album Variation became her first number-one on the Oricon Weekly Albums Chart, staying in that position for three weeks.

She made her acting debut in 1985 with an appearance in the Japanese romance movie Ai, Tabidachi . After an extended hiatus from 2010 to 2014, Akina released two compilation albums, All Time Best: Original and All Time Best: Utahime Cover, both of which were commercially successful.
Nonesuch River Golf Course
Nonesuch River Golf Course is an 18-hole golf course located near the Nonesuch River in Scarborough, Maine, United States. Designed primarily by Tom Walker of the United States Golf Association, Nonesuch was opened to the public in 1997.

Scarborough, Maine
Scarborough is a town in Cumberland County on the southern coast of the U.S. state of Maine. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland, Scarborough is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The population was 22,135 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous town in Maine.
Gleibat El Foula
Gleibat El Foula is a town in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. It is occupied by Morocco as a rural commune in Oued Ed-Dahab Province in the region of Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 2973 people living in 42 households.

Oued Ed-Dahab Province
Oued Ed-Dahab (Arabic: إقليم وادي الذهب) is a province in the Moroccan economic region of Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Its population at the 2004 Census was 65,378. Its major town is Dakhla.
Tussar silk
Tussar silk (Sanskrit: kosa) is a type of wild silk, produced from the larvae of Antheraea silkworms, including A. assamensis, A. paphia, A. pernyi, A. roylei, and A. yamamai. These silkworms live in the wild in forest trees belonging to Terminalia species and Shorea robusta, as well as other food plants such as jamun and oak found in South Asia, eating the leaves of the trees on which they live. Tussar silk is valued for its rich texture and natural, deep-gold colour, and varieties are produced in many countries, including China, India, Japan, and Sri Lanka.

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta, the sal tree, sāla, shala, sakhua, or sarai, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is native to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet and across the Himalayan regions.
Danek
Danek (Slovak feminine: Danková) is a Slavic surname and a given name. It is a pet form of the given names Daniel, Danylo, Bohdan, etc. However, it is also a Germanised form of the Czech surname Daněk. Notable people with the name include:

Daniel (given name)
Daniel (Hebrew: דָּנִיֵּאל) is a masculine given name and a surname of Hebrew origin.  It means "God is my judge" and derives from two early biblical figures, primary among them Daniel from the Book of Daniel. It is a common given name for males and also used as a surname, and is the basis for various derived given names and surnames.
Rainbow (Kacey Musgraves song)
"Rainbow" is a song recorded by American country music artist Kacey Musgraves. It was released as the fifth and final single from Musgraves' third studio album, Golden Hour (2018) in February 2019. Musgraves co-wrote the song with Shane McAnally and Natalie Hemby. Its release coincided with her performance at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.

"Rainbow" was nominated for Song of the Year and won Music Video of the Year at the 53rd Annual Country Music Association Awards. It was nominated for Single of the Year at the 55th Academy of Country Music Awards.

Golden Hour (Kacey Musgraves album)
Golden Hour is the fourth studio album by American country music singer and songwriter Kacey Musgraves, released on March 30, 2018, through MCA Nashville. Musgraves co-wrote all 13 tracks and co-produced the album with Daniel Tashian and Ian Fitchuk. A country pop record, Golden Hour also contains elements of disco, electropop, electronica, and yacht rock.

Golden Hour debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200. Receiving widespread critical acclaim, the album and its songs won in all four of their nominated categories at the 61st Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and Best Country Album. The album's first two singles also won awards: "Butterflies" for Best Country Solo Performance and "Space Cowboy" for Best Country Song. Golden Hour also won Album of the Year at the 52nd Annual Country Music Association Awards. In 2020, Golden Hour was ranked at 270 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.
Altmark
See German tanker Altmark for the ship named after Altmark and Stary Targ for the Polish village named Altmark in German.

The Altmark (German pronunciation: [ˈaltˌmaʁk] ⓘ; English: Old March) is a historic region in Germany, comprising the northern third of Saxony-Anhalt. As the initial territory of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, it is sometimes referred to as the "Cradle of Prussia", as by Otto von Bismarck, a native of Schönhausen near Stendal.

German tanker Altmark
Altmark was a German oil tanker and supply vessel, one of five of a class built between 1937 and 1939. She is best known for her support of the German commerce raider and "pocket battleship" Admiral Graf Spee and her subsequent involvement in the "Altmark Incident". In 1940 she was renamed Uckermark and used as supply tanker for the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau during Operation Berlin before sailing to Japan in September 1942 as a blockade breaker.

Footage of Altmark appears briefly in the 1942 British wartime propaganda movie The Day Will Dawn.
Here's Love
Here's Love is a musical with a book, music, and lyrics by Meredith Willson. An adaptation of the film Miracle on 34th Street, the show is currently licensed under the film's name as Miracle on 34th Street: The Musical.

The musical, much like the film that inspired it, tells the tale of a skeptical young girl who doubts the existence of Santa Claus. When the real Kris Kringle is hired inadvertently to represent jolly St. Nick in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, he must convince the child and her cynical divorced mother (the department store's special events director) that he is the genuine article.

Fred Gwynne
Frederick Hubbard Gwynne (July 10, 1926 – July 2, 1993) was an American actor, artist, and author, who is widely known for his roles in the 1960s television sitcoms Car 54, Where Are You? (as Francis Muldoon) and The Munsters (as Herman Munster), as well as his later film roles in The Cotton Club (1984), Pet Sematary (1989), and My Cousin Vinny (1992).
Odontoblast process
An odontoblast process (also called Tomes's fibers or Tomes fibers, or by a dated term Tomes's fibrils) is an extension of a cell called an odontoblast, which forms dentin in a tooth. The odontoblast process is located in dentinal tubules. It forms during dentinogenesis and results from a part of the odontoblast staying in its location as the main body of the odontoblast moves toward the center of the tooth's pulp.  The odontoblast process causes the secretion of hydroxyapatite crystals and mineralization of the matrix secreted by the odontoblasts.

Matrix (biology)
In biology, matrix (pl.: matrices) is the material (or tissue) in between cells within an eukaryotic organism.

The structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. Fingernails and toenails grow from matrices. It is found in various connective tissues. It serves as a jelly-like structure instead of cytoplasm in connective tissue.
Schweizer SGS 1-34
The Schweizer SGS 1-34 is a United States Standard Class, single-seat, high-wing glider built by Schweizer Aircraft of Elmira, New York.

The 1-34 was designed over a number of years in the mid-1960s and first flew in 1969.

By the time the 1-34 was introduced it was no longer competitive in the Standard Class, but has proven very successful as a club aircraft, being a great "step-up" sailplane for post-solo students and accomplished pilots.

Elmira, New York
Elmira (/ɛlˈmaɪrə/) is a city in and the county seat of Chemung County, New York, United States. It is the principal city of the Elmira, New York, metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses Chemung County. The population was 26,523 at the 2020 census, down from 29,200 at the 2010 census, a decline of more than 7 percent.

The City of Elmira is in the south-central part of the county, surrounded on three sides by the Town of Elmira.  It is in the Southern Tier of New York, a short distance north of the Pennsylvania state line.

The city was the site of the Elmira Prison, a prisoner-of-war camp that held over 12,000 captured Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War. Elmira College is located within the city.