hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modern Chinese characters
Modern Chinese characters (Traditional Chinese: 現代漢字; Hong Kong and Macau Chinese: 現代漢字; Simplified Chinese: 现代汉字; Pinyin: xiàndài hànzì) are the Chinese characters used in modern languages, mostly in modern Chinese, and additionally in modern Japanese and Korean. Chinese characters are composed of components, which are in turn composed of strokes. 
The 100 most frequently used characters cover (i.e., having an accumulated frequency of) over 40% of modern Chinese texts. The 1000 most frequently used characters cover approximately 90% of the texts.
There are a variety of novel aspects of modern Chinese characters, including that of orthography, phonology, and semantics, as well as matters of collation and organization and statistical analysis, computer processing, and pedagogy.

Bopomofo
Bopomofo, also called Zhuyin Fuhao (/dʒuːˌjɪn fuːˈhaʊ/ joo-YIN foo-HOW; 注音符號; Zhùyīn fúhào; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply Zhuyin, is a transliteration system for Standard Chinese and other Sinitic languages. It is the principal method of teaching Mandarin pronunciation in Taiwan. It consists of 37 characters and five tone marks, which together can transcribe all possible sounds in Mandarin Chinese.

Bopomofo was first introduced in China during the 1910s by the Beiyang government, where it was used alongside Wade–Giles, a romanization system which used a modified Latin alphabet. Today, Bopomofo is more common in Taiwan than on the mainland, and is used as the primary electronic input method for Taiwanese Mandarin, as well as in dictionaries and other non-official documents.
CableLabs
Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (CableLabs) is a nonprofit corporation promoting innovation as a research and development lab founded in 1988 by American cable operators. System operators from around the world are eligible to be members.

The DOCSIS standard for cable Internet access was originally developed by CableLabs and contributing companies, including Arris, BigBand Networks, Broadcom, Cisco, Comcast, Conexant, Correlant, Cox, Harmonic, Intel, Motorola, Netgear, Terayon, Time Warner Cable, and Texas Instruments.

In 2013, CableLabs absorbed its European equivalent, Cable Europe Labs.

Conexant
Conexant Systems, Inc. was an American-based software developer and fabless semiconductor company that developed technology for voice and audio processing, imaging and modems.  The company began as a division of Rockwell International, before being spun off as a public company.  Conexant itself then spun off several business units, creating independent public companies which included Skyworks Solutions and Mindspeed Technologies.

The company was acquired by computing interface technology company  Synaptics, Inc. in July 2017.
Akershus Fortress
Akershus Fortress (Norwegian: Akershus Festning, pronounced [ɑkəʂˈhʉːs ˈfɛ̂sːtnɪŋ]) or Akershus Castle (Norwegian: Akershus slott [ɑkəʂˈhʉːs ˈslɔtː]) is a medieval castle in the Norwegian capital Oslo that was built to protect and provide a royal residence for the city. It is located on the banks of the Oslofjord. Since the Middle Ages the fortress has been the namesake and centre of the main fief and later main county of Akershus, which was originally one of Norway's four main regions and which included most of Eastern Norway. The fortress itself was located within the Akershus main county until 1919, and also within the smaller Akershus sub-county until 1842.

The castle has also been used as a military base, a prison and is currently the temporary office of the prime minister of Norway.

Oslofjord
The Oslofjord (Norwegian: Oslofjorden, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈʊ̂ʂlʊˌfjuːɳ]; English: Oslo Fjord) is an inlet in southeastern Norway. The 120-kilometre (75 mi) fjord begins at the small village of Bonn in Frogn Municipality and stretching northwards to the city of Oslo, and then curving to the east and then south again. It then flows south to an imaginary line running between the Torbjørnskjær Lighthouse and Færder Lighthouse where it becomes part of the Skagerrak strait. The Skagerrak connects the North Sea and the Kattegat sea area, which leads to the Baltic Sea. The Oslofjord is not a fjord in the geological sense, but in the Norwegian language, the term fjord can refer to a wide range of waterways including inlets such as this one.

The bay is divided into the inner (indre) and outer (ytre) Oslofjord, separated by the 17 km (11 mi) long by 1 km (0.62 mi) wide Drøbak Sound. The innermost part is known as Bunnefjorden.
Lake No
Lake No is the largest lake in South Sudan, which is locally known as Dhoo Lake by Ruweng Panaruu community. It is located just north of the vast swamp of the Sudd, at the confluence of the Bahr al Jabal and Bahr el Ghazal rivers, and marks the transition between the Bahr al Jabal and White Nile proper.  Lake No is located approximately 1,156 km downstream of Uganda's Lake Albert, the major lake on the White Nile preceding Lake No.  The lake is considered the center of the Ruweng people of Panaruu section of Dinka peoples.

Dinka people
The Dinka people (Dinka: Jiɛ̈ɛ̈ŋ) are a Nilotic ethnic group native to South Sudan. The Dinka mostly live along the Nile, from Mangalla-Bor to Renk, in the region of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile (two out of three provinces that were formerly part of southern Sudan), and the Abyei area of the Ngok Dinka in South Sudan.

They number around 4.5 million, according to the 2008 Sudan census, constituting about 40% of the population of that country and the largest ethnic group in South Sudan. The Dinka refer to themselves as Muonyjang (singular) and jieng (plural).
Nam Man
Nam Man (Thai: น้ำหมัน, pronounced [náːm mǎn]) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Tha Pla district, in Uttaradit province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 7,270 people. The tambon contains 12 villages.

Uttaradit province
Uttaradit (Thai: อุตรดิตถ์, pronounced [ʔùt.tā.rā.dìt]; Northern Thai:ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᩁᨯᩥᨲ᩠ᨳ᩺) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Phrae and Nan. To the east it borders Xaignabouli of Laos. Uttaradit is 488 km north of Bangkok, and 238 km southeast of Chiang Mai.
Bodidar
Bodidar is a village / panchayat located in the Gir Gadhada Taluka of Gir Somnath district in Gujarat State, India. Earlier, until August 2013, Bodidar was part of Una Taluka and Junagadh district. Gandhinagar is the state capital of Bodidar village which is located around 400 kilometres away from Bodidar.

According to Census 2011, with the 552 families, the population of this village is 3150. Out of this, 1611 are males and 1539 are females. Most residents are dependent on agriculture.

Gandhinagar
Gandhinagar (Gujarati: gāndhīnagara, pronounced ['ɡaːnd̪ʱinəɡəɾᵊ] ⓘ) is the capital of the state of Gujarat in India. Gandhinagar is located approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Ahmedabad, on the west central point of the industrial corridor between the megacities of Delhi and Mumbai.

Gandhinagar lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River, about 545 kilometres (339 mi) north of Mumbai and 901 kilometres (560 mi) southwest of Delhi. 
The Akshardham temple is located in Gandhinagar. There was a determination to make Gandhinagar a purely Indian enterprise, partly because the state of Gujarat was the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. For this reason, the planning was done by two Indian town planners: Prakash M Apte and H. K. Mewada, who had apprenticed with Le Corbusier in Chandigarh.
Wilford Suspension Bridge
Wilford Suspension Bridge, also known as Meadows Suspension Bridge, was originally known as the Welbeck Suspension Bridge. It is a combined suspension footbridge for pedestrians and cyclists, and aqueduct which crosses the River Trent, linking the town of West Bridgford to the Meadows, in the city of Nottingham, England.  It also carries a gas main.

The bridge is owned by Severn Trent Water.  It should not be confused with the separate Wilford Toll Bridge.

There is no public right of way along the bridge, and so it can be closed by Severn Trent Water whenever it is deemed expedient to do so. It is a Grade II listed structure.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
AACS (gene)
The acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) gene encodes a protein of the same name, which converts acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, and plays a crucial role in ketone body utilization and fatty acid synthesis. The gene is found on human chromosome 12.

The AACS protein is a member of the acyl-CoA synthetase family and is involved in cellular energy production, ketogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis. It is expressed in a wide range of human tissues.

Chromosome 12
Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 12 spans about 133 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Chromosome 12 contains the Homeobox C gene cluster.
Islamic Studies Library
The holdings of the Islamic Studies Library, a branch of the McGill University Library, stand together with those of the Robarts Library of the University of Toronto as the premier library resources in Canada for research on the Islamic world and among the most important collections in North America.

Robarts Library
The John P. Robarts Research Library, commonly referred to as Robarts Library, is the main humanities and social sciences library of the University of Toronto Libraries and the largest individual library in the university, located on the St. George campus in downtown Toronto. Opened in 1973 and named for John Robarts, the 17th Premier of Ontario, the library contains more than 4.5 million bookform items, 4.1 million microform items and 740,000 other items.

The library building is an example of brutalist architecture. Its towering main structure rests on an equilateral triangular footprint and features extensive use of triangular geometric patterns throughout. It forms the main component of a three-tower complex that also includes the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library and the Claude T. Bissell Building, which houses the Faculty of Information. The library's imposing appearance has earned it the nicknames Fort Book and The Peacock/Turkey.
Amharization
Amharization is the process by which Amhara traditions, culture and language are elevated above over ethnic groups in Ethiopia. During Imperial rule, Amhara enjoyed greater influence, imposing Amharic language and culture and dominating politics. Amhara elites aspired to build the Ethiopian nation. Amhara dominance lasted from the Derg era until 1991.

The Tigrayan-led EPRDF regime attempted to end Amharization and implement ethnic federalism under the constitution. However, the constitution failed to solve protracted conflicts and further heightened tension among ethnic groups. TPLF also used the divide and rule mechanism and made Tigrayans in politics.

Politics of Ethiopia
The politics of Ethiopia are the activities associated with the governance of Ethiopia. The government is structured as a federal parliamentary republic with both a President and Prime Minister. The legislature is multicameral, with a house of representatives and a council. The term politics of Ethiopia mainly relates to the political activities in Ethiopia after the late 20th century when democratization took place in the nation. The current political structure of Ethiopia was formed after the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) overthrew dictator President Mengistu Haile Mariam in 1991. A general election was held in June 1994 and Ethiopia has maintained a multiparty political environment until today.
News Media Corporation
News Media Corporation (NMC) was an American family-owned newspaper corporation that published 25 different newspaper titles in five states across the United States. Until August 2025, it operated in smaller cities and towns with populations between 5,000 and 50,000 in the states of Arizona, Illinois, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. On August 7, 2025, the company announced the sudden closure of all of it operations; although several papers were sold days before the announcement, the remaining papers closed, leaving many towns that it had served with no local news source.

Torrington, Wyoming
Torrington is a city in and the county seat of Goshen County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 6,119 at the 2020 census, down from 6,501 at the 2010 census.

It is the home of Eastern Wyoming College, and is the surrounding region's center of commercial activity. Within this primarily agricultural community, there are several fertilizer plants, a former sugar beet factory which closed in 2019, and numerous tourist facilities and retail businesses that serve the local and nearby rural populations.
Barauni–Gorakhpur line
The Barauni–Gorakhpur line are connecting Barauni in the Indian state of Bihar with Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh. The lines run in an east–west direction between the  GandakThe lines connects via Samastipur ,Muzaffarpur ,Hajipur Junction  , Sonpur Junction , Chhapra and Siwan Junction .

Siwan Junction railway station
Siwan Junction (station code: SV) is an important A-category railway junction located in the city of Siwan in the Indian state of Bihar. It functions under the Varanasi railway division of the North Eastern Railway (NER) zone of Indian Railways. The station serves as the primary railhead for Siwan district and also caters significantly to passengers from the neighboring Gopalganj district.
Haris Skenderović
Haris Skenderović (Bosnian pronunciation: [skenděːroʋitɕ]; born 3 November 1981) is a Bosnian retired footballer who last played for AFC Eskilstuna. He played as a central defender. Skenderović has previously played for Stabæk in Tippeligaen.

Stabæk Fotball
Stabæk Fotball is a Norwegian professional football club based in Bærum, a suburb of Oslo. It is part of the multi-sport organization Stabæk IF. Founded in 1912, the club's name is an archaic spelling of the suburban area Stabekk, from which it once originated. The club currently competes in the Norwegian first division, the second tier of Football in Norway. Their home stadium is the Nadderud Stadion after a three-year-long stay at the Telenor Arena. Their current chairman is Espen Moe. Jörgen Wålemark is the current head coach of the club since taking over in December 2024.
Ruyangosaurus
Ruyangosaurus (Ruyang County lizard) is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Early Cretaceous Haoling Formation of China. The type species is R. giganteus, described in 2009 by Lü Junchang et al.

Haoling Formation
The Haoling Formation is a Mesozoic geologic formation in the Ruyang Basin of Henan, Province, central China. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

The Haoling Formation was originally treated as part of the Mangchuan Formation and considered to be of Paleocene age before being recognized as Mesozoic in age. A 2012 paper divided the Mangchuan into the Xiahedong, Haoling, and Shangdonggou Formations, assigning the dinosaur-bearing horizon to the Haoling Formation and constraining the age of the Haoling as Aptian-Albian based on fieldwork and invertebrate and microfossil assemblages.
2012 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship
The 2012 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship was a golf tournament played February 22–26 at the Ritz-Carlton Golf Club at Dove Mountain in Marana, Arizona, northwest of Tucson. It was the 14th WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the first of four World Golf Championships held in 2012.

Hunter Mahan won his first Match Play title and second WGC with a 2&1 victory over runner-up Rory McIlroy. Defending champion Luke Donald lost in the first round, as did three other previous winners.

Official World Golf Ranking
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2026, 25 tours factored into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in that they are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments.

The chair of the OWGR is former world number twelve and 2008 Masters Tournament champion Trevor Immelman.
Jacksonville High School
Jacksonville High School is the name of several high schools in the United States:

Jacksonville High School (Alabama)

Jacksonville High School (Arkansas)

Jacksonville High School (Illinois)

Jacksonville High School (North Carolina)

Jacksonville High School (Jacksonville, Texas)

Jacksonville High School (Alabama)
Jacksonville High School is a public high school located in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States, serving grades 7–12. It is part of the Jacksonville City Schools system. Its colors are blue and gold.

Until 1998, the school was located adjacent to the Jacksonville State University campus on Pelham Road North. The current school building was built on part of the site of the former Jacksonville Airport.
Sophie Vandebroek
Sophie V. Vandebroek is a Belgian-born electrical engineer and business executive. She was the Chief Technology Officer of Xerox, and President of Xerox Innovation Group until December 2016. Vandebroek was CTO and a corporate vice president of Xerox corporation from 2006 till 2016. Following her Xerox career she became IBM Research Chief Operating Officer. After leaving IBM she served as Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Engineering Inaugural Visiting Scholar for the 2019-2020 academic year. In 2021 she started her own company to provide strategic advisory services, called Strategic Vision Ventures LLC.

Business executive
A business executive is a person responsible for running an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization.

Executives run companies or government agencies. They create plans to help their organizations grow. Becoming an executive usually takes years of promotions and hard work since the qualifications of this role needs hard working individuals with years of experience in multiple facets of the business.
Hillside School, Addis Ababa
Hillside, a private school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, offers preschool, primary, secondary and higher education.  It meets in 3 different locations in order to keep teacher student ratio low.

In August 2016, Hillside hosted a "Cosmic Ray Workshop", a teacher-training workshop sponsored by QuarkNet.

As of September 2020, the school was closed by the Ethiopian government as part of COVID-19 measures. Registration and entrance exams were conducted observing social distancing precautions.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Low Leven
54°30′11″N 1°18′50″W﻿ / ﻿54.503°N 1.314°W﻿ / 54.503; -1.314

Low Leven is a hamlet of Ingleby Barwick in North Yorkshire, England. It is in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, in the River Leven's dell on the east bank before the river flows into the River Tees.

Until 2007, Low Leven was dominated by the ruin of the Cross Keys public house and three former dwellings which were abandoned due to persistent flooding.  Large parts of these buildings had collapsed.  This area has now been restored and redeveloped in to an area of large family dwellings.

Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
The Borough of Stockton-on-Tees is a unitary authority area with borough status in County Durham and North Yorkshire, England. In 2021, it had a population of 196,600.

The main settlement and namesake of the borough is Stockton-on-Tees, which lies on the north bank of the River Tees in County Durham, along with the towns of Billingham and Norton-on-Tees. The borough also includes the towns of Ingleby Barwick, Thornaby-on-Tees and Yarm, all south of the Tees, in North Yorkshire. Bridges spanning the River Tees include the Yarm Viaduct and the Tees Transporter Bridge. The borough is locally governed by Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council and forms part of the Tees Valley together with the boroughs of Darlington, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Hartlepool. Teesside International Airport is partly within the borough.
Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim
Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim (born 1962) is an Emirati artist from Khor Fakkan and one of the pioneer "five" conceptual artists from the United Arab Emirates including Hassan Sharif, Abdullah Al Saadi, Hussain Sharif and Mohammed Kazem.

Sharjah Biennial
The Sharjah Biennial is a large-scale contemporary art exhibition that takes place once every two years in the city of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The first Sharjah Biennial took place in 1993, and was organized by the Sharjah Department of Culture and Information until it is reorientation in 2003 by Hoor bint Sultan Al Qasimi.
Steal (game show)
Steal is a British game show that aired on ITV from 17 February to 12 May 1990. It is hosted by Mark Walker, son of Catchphrase presenter Roy Walker, with Stephen Rhodes as the voiceover.

Contestants competed to win cash and prizes by uncovering symbols on a gameboard in a test of their recall abilities. Its mascot was Jools, a computer-animated, thieving orange cat in a red cap and a black-and-white striped sweater.

Stephen Rhodes (radio presenter)
Stephen Rhodes (1951 – 20 February 2017 ) was a voice-over artist and weekday daytime presenter on BBC Three Counties Radio and BBC Radio Northampton. He originally hosted the Consumer Programme from 10 am until 1:30 pm, but moved to the breakfast show broadcast from 6 am to 9 am. However, after his breakfast show on Tuesday 16 March 2010, he handed his resignation in to the radio station and left with immediate effect, as he prepared to stand as an independent candidate at the 2010 general election.

Rhodes was born in Dublin as Thomas "Tommy" Keenan, the son of a dentist, but later moved to England. He changed his name to Stephen Rhodes when he started working on Dublin pirate radio stations. He died of motor neurone disease on 20 February 2017, aged 66, at home in Eaton Bray. He was survived by his wife and four children.