hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Lowndes Bullock
Thomas Lowndes Bullock, FRS (27 September 1845 – 20 March 1915) was an English author, colonial administrator, academic and sinologist who served as Professor of Chinese at the University of Oxford. He was the father of diplomat and explorer Guy Bullock.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Orhangazi
Orhangazi is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 506 km2, and its population is 81,110 (2022).

Olive production is a major part of the economy. The archeological digs of Ilıpınar Höyüğü are in the region of Orhangazi, and can be visited.

Orhangazi is located near the lake Iznik and near the Sea of Marmara. Orhangazi has a number of villages around it, connected with local buses. One of the villages, Keramet, has a natural hot springs. Main roads leading to the villages have olive fields on both sides.

Bursa Province
Bursa Province (Turkish: Bursa ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir to the west, Kütahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, Kocaeli to the northeast and Yalova to the north. Its area is 10,813 km2, and its population is 3,194,720 (2022). Its traffic code is 16.

Almost all of Bursa Province (including the city of Bursa) is in the Marmara region, but the districts of Büyükorhan, Harmancık, Keles and Orhaneli are in the Aegean Region.

The city of Bursa was the capital of the Ottoman State between 1326 and 1365, until the Ottoman conquest of Edirne, then known as Adrianople. Adrianople was the capital until 1453, when Constantinople became the final Ottoman capital.
Second Dreyer cabinet
The Second Dreyer cabinet was the state government of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate from 18 May 2016 until 18 May 2021. The Cabinet was headed by Minister President Malu Dreyer, and comprised the SPD, the Greens and the FDP, formed following the 2016 state election. On 18 May 2016 Dreyer was elected and sworn in as Minister President by the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate. 
It was succeeded by Dreyers's third cabinet.

The cabinet comprised 10 ministers including the Minister-President: six from the SPD, and two each from the Greens and FDP.

2016 Rhineland-Palatinate state election
The 2016 Rhineland-Palatinate state election to elect the members of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate was held on 13 March 2016, the same day as the Baden-Württemberg state election and Saxony-Anhalt state election. The incumbent coalition government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Greens led by Minister-President Malu Dreyer was defeated, but carried on with support from the FDP. The SPD remained the largest party, and formed a "traffic light coalition" with the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and The Greens. Dreyer was subsequently re-elected as Minister-President.

Following the 2015 European migrant crisis, the Alternative for Germany (AfD) debuted as third largest party, but at 12.6% not as strong as in the other two state elections.
Otter Mountain
Otter Mountain is a prominent 2,693-metre (8,835-foot) glaciated summit located in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 16 kilometers (9.9 miles) northeast of Stewart, British Columbia, and the nearest higher peak is Mount Pattullo, 25.4 km (15.8 mi) to the north. Otter ranks as the 23rd most topographically prominent summit of Canada. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,380 meters (7,810 feet) above Bitter Creek Valley in 5 kilometers (3.1 miles). This mountain's toponym was adopted as "Mount Otter" on 24 July 1945, and officially renamed Otter Mountain on 5 November 1953 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains west into Bitter Creek which is a tributary of the Bear River, or east to Nelson Creek which is part of the Nass River drainage basin, and all ultimately finds its way to the Inside Passage.

Geographical Names Board of Canada
The Geographical Names Board of Canada (GNBC) is a national committee with a secretariat in Natural Resources Canada, part of the Government of Canada, which authorizes the names used and name changes on official federal government maps of Canada.
Samvel Alumyan
Samvel Alumyan (Armenian: Սամվել Ալումյան; 1941 – 1987) was a Soviet-Armenian classical pianist, winner of the George Enescu International Piano Competition in 1967 (a prize shared ex-aequo with Radu Lupu). He was a student of Yakov Flier at the Moscow Conservatory (graduated in 1966), later becoming his assistant. He was a frequent collaborator of violinist Leonid Kogan, with whom he toured and recorded. During his years teaching at the Moscow Conservatory, one of his students was pianist Ksenia Knorre, daughter of Vera Gornostayeva, and mother of pianist Lukas Geniušas.

Lukas Geniušas
Lukas Geniušas (Russian: Лукас Генюшас; born July 1, 1990) is a Russian-Lithuanian pianist. Geniušas began to study piano at the age of five, and in 1996 he entered the Moscow Frederic Chopin College of Music Performing.

He studied piano with professor Vera Gornostayeva at the Moscow State Conservatory. Since 2004, he has received the M. Rostropovich Foundation scholarship.

He started to perform in public in 1996, and since that time he performed with various orchestras in venues in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vilnius, Wroclaw and Hamburg. He arranged solo appearances in Russia, Poland, Sweden, Germany, France, Switzerland, Lithuania, and Austria.
Reftele
Reftele (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrɛ̂fːtɛlɛ]) is a locality situated in Gislaved Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden with 1,282 inhabitants in 2010. Here lived Johan Svensson who died in the sinking of Titanic aged 75 and his son Amandus Ekström aged 45.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Stephen J. Benkovic
Stephen James Benkovic is an American chemist known for his contributions to the field of enzymology. He holds the Evan Pugh University Professorship and Eberly Chair in Chemistry at The Pennsylvania State University. He has developed boron compounds that are active pharmacophores against a variety of diseases. Benkovic has concentrated on the assembly and kinetic attributes of the enzymatic machinery that performs DNA replication, DNA repair, and purine biosynthesis.

Metabolon
In biochemistry, a metabolon is a temporary structural-functional complex formed between sequential enzymes of a metabolic pathway, held together both by non-covalent interactions and by structural elements of the cell, such as integral membrane proteins and proteins of the cytoskeleton.

The formation of metabolons allows the intermediate product from one enzyme to be passed (channelling) directly into the active site of the next consecutive enzyme of the metabolic pathway. The citric acid cycle is an example of a metabolon that facilitates substrate channeling. Another example is the dhurrin synthesis pathway in sorghum, in which the enzymes assemble as a metabolon in lipid membranes. During the functioning of metabolons, the amount of water needed to hydrate the enzymes is reduced and enzyme activity is increased.
Gisr el-Mudir
Gisr el-Mudir (Arabic:جسر المدير, "bridge of the chief"), also known as the Great Enclosure, is one of the oldest known stone structures in Egypt, located at Saqqara only a few hundred metres west of the Step Pyramid and the Buried Pyramid. It is believed by researchers that the space functioned as a check dam during the construction of the Step Pyramid.

John Shae Perring
John Shae Perring (24 January 1813, Boston, Lincolnshire – 16 January 1869, Manchester) was a British engineer, anthropologist and Egyptologist, most notable for his work excavating and documenting Egyptian pyramids.
Gowri (2024 film)
Gowri is a 2024 Indian Kannada-language musical film written and directed by Indrajit Lankesh. The film stars Samarjit Lankesh in a dual role, alongside Saanya Iyer, Manasi Sudheer, Sampath Maitreya, and Rajeev Pillai.

Indrajit Lankesh
Indrajit Lankesh is an Indian filmmaker, producer, director, screenwriter, and television Personality of Kannada and Hindi films. He is also the publisher of the weekly Kannada tabloid Lankesh Patrike. He is the son of iconic writer, journalist and film maker P. Lankesh.
History of education in Dedham, Massachusetts
The history of education in Dedham, Massachusetts covers schools and schooling from the establishment of the first public school in America to the present. It includes the history of the Dedham Public Schools, several Catholic schools, and other private schools. It also includes two institutions of higher education.

Dover, Massachusetts
Dover is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,923 at the time of the 2020 United States Census.

Located about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of downtown Boston, Dover is a residential town nestled on the south banks of the Charles River. Almost all of the residential zoning requires 1 acre (4,000 m2) or larger. As recently as the early 1960s, 75% of its annual town budget was allocated to snow removal, as only one and a half miles (2.4 km) of the town's roads are state highway.

Dover is bordered by Natick, Wellesley and Needham to the north, Westwood to the east, Walpole and Medfield to the south, and Sherborn to the west.

For geographic and demographic information on the census-designated place Dover, please see the article Dover (CDP), Massachusetts.
CFAV Grizzly (YAG 306)
Canadian Forces Auxiliary Vessel (CFAV) Grizzly (YAG 306) was one of ten wooden YAG 300 (Yard Auxiliary, General) vessels built for the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) between 1953 and 1955. Built for use as auxiliary craft, Grizzly primarily served as an at-sea training platform for junior naval officers, boatswains, reserve personnel and Sea Cadets at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt. Her name perpetuated the WWII armed yacht HMCS Grizzly was reused for PTC 60 Grizzly Orca-class Patrol Craft Training (PCT) tender that replaced the YAG 300 vessels as the RCN training tenders in 2008.

CFB Esquimalt
Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt (CFB Esquimalt) is the Royal Canadian Navy's Pacific Coast naval base and home port to Maritime Forces Pacific and Joint Task Force Pacific Headquarters. As of 2018, 4,411 military personnel and 2,762 civilians work at CFB Esquimalt. It is located in the very south of British Columbia.
Patel Para
Patel Para is a neighbourhood in Jamshed Town, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Before independence of Pakistan in 1947, the area was home to a significant population of Patel Hindus, along with Parsis and Ismailis. It was known for a unique tradition where, in cases of unclaimed property left by deceased Hindus, the Patel community would automatically assume custodianship. Given their majority presence at the time, the neighborhood came to be known as Patel Para.

Following the partition, nearly all Hindu residents migrated to India in 1947, reshaping the area's demographic landscape. Today, Patel Para is home to a diverse mix of ethnic groups, including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Punjabis, Saraikis, Pashtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras, Ismailis and Christians.

Baloch people
The Baloch people or the Balochs are an Iranian nomadic pastoral ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and are native to the Balochistan region of South and West Asia, occupying parts of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.

The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan, while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number resides in the Pakistani Punjab. They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, 2% of Iran's population, and around 0.5%–1% of the population of Afghanistan, and the largest non-Arab community in Oman.
Janez Vesel
Janez Vesel (12 September 1798 – 26 March 1884), known by his pen name Jovan Koseski (Slovene conventions also include the names Jovan Vesel – Koseski and, less often, Janez Vesel – Koseski or Ivan Vesel  – Koseski) was a Slovene lawyer and poet.

Slovene Lands
The Slovene lands or Slovenian lands (Slovene: Slovenske dežele or in short Slovensko) is the historical denomination for the territories in Central and Southern Europe where people primarily spoke Slovene. The Slovene lands were part of the Illyrian provinces, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary (in Cisleithania). They encompassed Carniola, southern part of Carinthia, southern part of Styria, Istria, Gorizia and Gradisca, Trieste, and Prekmurje. Their territory more or less corresponds to modern Slovenia and the adjacent territories in Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia, where autochthonous Slovene minorities live. The areas surrounding present-day Slovenia were never homogeneously ethnically Slovene.
Popular Revolutionary Resistance Organization
The Popular Revolutionary Resistance Organization – PRRO (Arabic: التنظيم الثوري للمقاومة الشعبية transliteration Al-Tanzim al-Thawri lil-Muqawama al-Sha'abiyah) or Organisation de la Resistance Populaire Révolutionnaire (OPPR) in French, was an anti-Syrian Lebanese nationalist underground terrorist group that emerged in March 1987, being responsible for a single combined bomb-and-rocket attack on a West Beirut hotel.  Four residing Syrian intelligence officials were wounded in the course of action, and although the group warned of forthcoming attacks, little was heard of them since.  It has been suggested that the PRRO was simply a cover for the Lebanese Liberation Front or a splinter faction, but is now considered to be inactive.

Lebanese nationalism
Lebanese nationalism is a nationalist ideology which considers the Lebanese people as a separate nation independent from the Arab world and strives to maintain Lebanon as an independent nation-state. The ideology may consider the Lebanese people to be direct descendants of the Phoenicians, a concept associated with Phoenicianism.

The ideology is highly controversial and has been criticized for disuniting the Lebanese people rather than uniting them. While Lebanese nationalism appeals to the Lebanese Maronite and Shia communities, it is generally unpopular among Lebanese Sunni Muslims, who often support Pan-Arabism and Pan-Islamism, as well as among some Greek Orthodox Christians.
Ghadamès language
Ghadamès (Berber: ⵄⴰⴷⴻⵎⴻⵙ / Ɛadēməs [ʕadeːməs], Standard Arabic غدامس /ɣadaːmis/, Libyan Arabic /ɣdaːməs/) also called Ghadamsi or Ghadamsian is a Berber language that is spoken in, and named after, the oasis town of Ghadames in Nalut District, western Libya.

Nalut District
Nalut (Arabic: نالوت Nālūt) is one of the districts of Libya located in the country's north-west. Its capital is the city of Nalut. The second most notable city is Ghadames. To the north and west, Nalut district borders Tunisia (Medenine and Tataouine Governatorates) and Algeria.  Domestically, it borders Nuqat al Khams - northeast, Jabal al Gharbi in the east, and Wadi al Shatii in the south. In 2007, Nalut District was enlarged to include the Ghadames District, while the eastern part of the former Nalut was moved to Jabal al Gharbi.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 and the average size of household in the country was 6.9. There were a total of 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 Libyan ones. The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per km2.
UFE
UFE can stand for:

Uniform Evaluation, Canadian accountancy exam (now Common Final Examination)

United for a Fair Economy, an American non-profit

Uterine fibroid embolization, a medical procedure

French University of Egypt (French: Université française d'Égypte), Cairo

Unidentified flag or ensign, in vexillology

French University of Egypt
The French University of Egypt (French: Université française d’Égypte, UFE, Arabic: الجامعة الفرنسية في مصر, lit. 'the French University in Egypt') is a non-profit private university, established in 2002 at Cairo in El-Sherouk city. 
It is composed of three faculties: Business, Engineering, and Applied Languages.
Each faculty is composed of different departments. All the diplomas offered by the university are in coordination with prestigious French universities like Paris III: Sorbonne University, the Nantes University, Haute Alsace (Mulhouse-Colmar) University and the Corse University.
A convention with Paris VI University concerning the engineering school was also signed.
The university is located in El-Shorouk city, 37 km (23 mi) from the center of Cairo.
The university uses French (mainly), English and Arabic languages in teaching, and its graduates are able to use these three languages in any work domain related to their specialization.
UOB
UOB or UoB is the acronymic abbreviation for:

United Overseas Bank, a Singaporean multinational investment bank and financial services company

University of Baghdad

University of Bahrain

University of Balamand

University of Bath

University of Balochistan

University of Bedfordshire

University of Birmingham

University of Bolton

University of Bradford

University of Brighton

University of Bristol

Urwego Opportunity Bank, a microfinance bank in Rwanda

University of Baghdad
The University of Baghdad (UOB) (Arabic: جامعة بغداد), is a public research university in Baghdad, Iraq. It is the largest university in Iraq and the tenth largest in the Arab world. Established in 1957, it was the second largest university in the Arab world, after the University of Cairo. The university has four campuses across the city, located in Al-Jadriyah, Bab al-Muadhdham, Nahda Road and Wazeriya neighborhoods.

The first constituent was opened in 1908, followed by further institutions. Baghdad University provides academic programs in variety of fields such as engineering, medical sciences, liberal arts and religious education. The university maintains four campuses across the city, located in Al-Jadriyah, Bab al-Muadhdham, Wazeriya and Nahda Road.
MV Island Gwawis
MV Island Gwawis is the sixth ferry in the Island class, owned and operated by BC Ferries. Built by Damen Shipyards in 2021, this vessel is part of the second phase of Island-class vessels. Island Gwawis was launched as Island 6 on April 22, 2021, left Galați, Romania, on October 13, 2021, and arrived at Point Hope Shipyard, Victoria, British Columbia on December 23, 2021. On January 11, 2022, Island 6 was christened and renamed Island Gwawis by BC Ferries Director of Fleet Operations and Strategy, and First People's Cultural Council Special Advisor Cathi Charles Wherry. "Gwawis" means "raven of the sea" in the Kwakwaka'wakw indigenous language.

Galați
Galați (UK: /ɡæˈlæts/ gal-ATS, US: /ɡɑːˈlɑːts(i)/ gah-LAHTS(-ee), Romanian: [ɡaˈlatsʲ] ⓘ; also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in eastern Romania. Galați is a port town on the river Danube. and the sixth-largest of all cities on the river Danube. According to the 2021 census it is the 8th most populous city in Romania. Galați is an economic centre based around the port of Galați, the naval shipyard, and the largest steel factory in Romania, Galați steel works.
Under the Dark Cloth
Under the Dark Cloth is the sixth studio album by Northern Irish recording artist Duke Special. It was self-released on 29 November 2011. It is the result of an invitation by the Department of Photography of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York to write a suite of songs inspired by the work of pioneering photographers Paul Strand, Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Steichen. The songs were co-written by Duke Special and Boo Hewerdine, with the exception of "You Press the Button and We’ll Do the Rest" which was co-written by Duke Special and Neil Hannon, and are accompanied in the recording by the RTÉ Concert Orchestra performing arrangements by Irish composer and arranger Michael Keeney.

Alfred Stieglitz
Alfred Stieglitz HonFRPS (/ˈstiːɡlɪts/; January 1, 1864 – July 13, 1946) was an American photographer and modern art promoter who was instrumental over his 50-year career in making photography an accepted art form. In addition to his photography, Stieglitz was known for the New York art galleries that he ran in the early part of the 20th century, where he introduced many avant-garde European artists to the U.S. He was married to painter Georgia O'Keeffe.
Joe Lievesley
Joseph Lievesley (25 July 1883 – 13 October 1941) was a footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Netherthorpe, England he spent the bulk of his career at Sheffield United for whom he made over 280 competitive appearances in twelve years. After leaving the Blades he moved to Woolwich Arsenal where he played regularly for two seasons. During World War I he played for Chesterfield Town until the club was disbanded in 1917, before returning to amateur football to play for Rossington Colliery until his retirement. He came from a family of footballers, with an uncle, two brothers and three children all playing the game professionally.

Netherthorpe, Derbyshire
Netherthorpe is a suburban area adjoining the town of Staveley, Derbyshire, to the east, lying just west of the River Doe Lea.

The village is best known for Staveley's oldest (1572) secondary school, Netherthorpe School.

53°16′9″N 1°20′54″W﻿ / ﻿53.26917°N 1.34833°W﻿ / 53.26917; -1.34833