hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paweł Chęciński
Paweł Chęciński (Pah-vel Hen-chin-ski) is a Polish pianist who settled in the United States in 1971.

Born in Łódź, Poland, Pawel Chęciński studied at the Fryderyk Chopin Music Academy in Warsaw. In 1971, Chęciński was awarded a Fulbright Grant to study at the Juilliard School. Chęciński received a special award in the Chopin International Piano Competition in Warsaw and was a prize winner in the Smetana International Competition in Czechoslovakia and the Sydney International Piano Competition in Australia.

He has widely performed both in the American concert scene and abroad, and has taught at the Pennsylvania State University, the University of British Columbia, Columbia College in Columbia, SC, and the Roosevelt University’s Chicago College of Performing Arts, where he served as the institution's artist-in-residence.

Pawel Chęciński died unexpectedly in his home of natural causes on June 24, 2025 at the age of 79.

Chopin University of Music
The Chopin University of Music (Polish: Uniwersytet Muzyczny Fryderyka Chopina, UMFC) is a musical conservatorium and academy located in central Warsaw, Poland. It is the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe.
D.I.T.C.
The Diggin' in the Crates Crew, commonly known as D.I.T.C., is an American hip hop collective formed in 1992 in New York City. The collective's name derives from the act of seeking out records to sample for production. The collective is composed of Lord Finesse, Diamond D, Big L, O.C., Fat Joe, Buckwild, Showbiz and A.G. Ghetto Dwellas Party Arty and D-Flow. Its members have achieved substantial and consistent recognition in underground rap circles, having often collaborated with undiscovered talents and underground hip hop artists alongside mainstream rappers.

Underground hip-hop
Underground hip-hop (also known as underground rap) is a scene and style of hip-hop music that is defined as being countercultural in nature, existing outside of and in contrast to the sounds, style and aesthetics of mainstream hip-hop. Despite this, underground artists have often reached widespread success and popularity through internet virality, critical acclaim, or appearances on the Billboard charts.

Originally associated with conscious, experimental and progressive rap, the term later shifted to refer to several trap-descendant internet rap scenes and music that emerged during the late 2000s and 2010s.
Pagels
Pagels is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elaine Pagels (born 1943), American theologian

Eva Pagels (born 1954), German field hockey player

Georges-Guillaume Pagels (1855–1897), Swedish officer in the service of the International African Association

Heinz Pagels (1939–1988), American physicist

Tietje Spannenburg-Pagels (1906 - after 1933), Dutch speed skater

Georges-Guillaume Pagels
Georg Vilhelm Pagels, or 'Georges-Guillaume Pagels (18 February 1855 – 31 March 1891) was a Swedish officer in the service of the International African Association who briefly commanded Équateur Station (now Mbandaka).
Strongly typed identifier
A strongly typed identifier is user-defined data type which serves as an identifier or key that is strongly typed. This is a solution to the "primitive obsession" code smell as mentioned by Martin Fowler. The data type should preferably be immutable if possible. It is common for implementations to handle equality testing, serialization and model binding.

The strongly typed identifier commonly wraps the data type used as the primary key in the database, such as a string, an integer or universally unique identifier (UUID).

Web frameworks can often be configured to model bind properties on view models that are strongly typed identifiers. Object–relational mappers can often be configured with value converters to map data between the properties on a model using strongly typed identifier data types and database columns.

Code smell
In computer programming, a code smell is any characteristic of source code that hints at a deeper problem. Determining what is and is not a code smell is subjective, and varies by language, developer, and development methodology.

The term was popularized by Kent Beck on WardsWiki in the late 1990s. Usage of the term increased after it was featured in the 1999 book Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler. It is also a term used by agile programmers.
Campbell of Barrichbeyan
The Campbells of Barrichbeyan form one of the branches of the Campbells of Craignish who in turn are a branch of the Clan Campbell, a Scottish clan in Argyll, Scottish Highlands. They claim descent from Donald McEan Gorm Campbell, the 10th Laird of Craignish, 11th Chieftain of Craignish & 1st Baron Campbell of Barrichbeyan, himself second son of John Ean Gorm Campbell, 9th Laird of Craignish. His descendants retained Barrichbeyan and bought back the greater part of the estate of Craignish between 1550 and 1680. Beside the main line established in Craignish there were also cadet lines, Campbells of Lagganlochan and Campbells of Ballachlavan, later producing another cadet line, Campbells of Askomel.

Mont Campbell
Dirk Campbell (born Hugo Martin Montgomery Campbell, 30 December 1950), previously known as Mont Campbell, is a British composer, multi-instrumentalist, and company executive. Campbell is best known for his work with progressive rock bands such as Egg and National Health, though he would later "forswear the genre of rock music altogether, and would begin to develop an interest in folk tradition and, increasingly, non-western music."

Cambell began a full-time career as composer in 1989 with film and commercials commissions from Redwing Films and now lectures on music in remote antiquity, and ways of incorporating non-western music into contemporary composition. He is a director of Ovesco, a Sussex-based alternative energy company.

In December 2024 Campbell put his music up for sale on BandCamp.
Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard
Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard (Spanish: Vanguardia Democrática Guatemalteca) was a left-wing group in Guatemala. The VDG was founded on 28 September 1947 by a faction of the Revolutionary Action Party (PAR). The leader of the VDG was José Manuel Fortuny. The group had Marxist inspiration, and operated a semi-clandestine fashion. It supported urban and rural labour movements.

In 1949, the VDG broke with the PAR and constituted the Communist Party of Guatemala (PCG).

José Manuel Fortuny
José Manuel Fortuny Arana (22 March 1916 – 18 March 2005) was an important communist leader in Latin America. He became well known for his friendship with Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz, and was one of the main advisers in his government, which lasted from 1951–54. Árbenz was overthrown by a coup engineered by the United States in 1954, an event which drove Fortuny into exile, along with many of his comrades.
Pawłów Górny
Pawłów Górny [ˈpavwuf ˈɡurnɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Krzysztoporska, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Wola Krzysztoporska, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 56 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Thomas Stewart (civil engineer)
Thomas Stewart (30 March 1857 – 23 October 1942) was a hydraulic engineer, who was born in Scotland and died at Cape Town, South Africa. He designed the Woodhead Dam, which was named an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2008. He was called the "father of consulting engineering in South Africa" and the "first South African consulting engineer".

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Gate House, Eskdale Green
Gate House or Gatehouse is a country house in Eskdale Green, Cumbria, England. The house became a Grade II listed building on 8 September 1967.

Built in 1896 for the Rea family, the house and part of the grounds were sold via auction in 1949 to the Outward Bound Trust, who converted it in 1950 into their Eskdale Centre. The rest of the estate was sold at the same time in 13 other lots.

The grounds were designed by Thomas H. Mawson and included Giggle Alley Forest, site of a Japanese garden which, created in 1914 but derelict by the time of the 1949 auction. The forest was sold to the Forestry Commission by the Outward Bound Trust in the 1960s.

Outward Bound
Outward Bound (OB) is an international network of outdoor education organisations that was founded in the United Kingdom by Lawrence Holt in 1941 based on the educational principles of Kurt Hahn. Today there are organisations, called schools, in over 35 countries which are attended by more than 150,000 people each year. Outward Bound International is a non-profit membership and licensing organisation for the international network of Outward Bound schools. The Outward Bound Trust is an educational charity established in 1946 to operate the schools in the United Kingdom. Separate organisations operate the schools in each of the other countries in which Outward Bound operates.

Outward Bound helped to shape the U.S. Peace Corps and numerous other outdoor adventure programs. Its aim is to foster the personal growth and social skills of participants by using challenging expeditions in the outdoors.
Zankyo Reference
Zankyo Reference (残響リファレンス, Zankyō Rifarensu; lit. Echo Reference) is the fifth studio album by the Japanese rock band One Ok Rock. It was released on October 5, 2011.

Their single "Re:make" was used in Recochoku Co, Ltd. commercial, while "No Scared" was used in the Black Rock Shooter: The Game PSP video game. The song "Lost and Found" was used for the theme song of Milocrorze: A Love Story movie. A concert film of the band's performance in Yokohama Arena was released in 2012, titled "Zankyo Reference" TOUR in YOKOHAMA ARENA.

Yokohama Arena
Yokohama Arena (横浜アリーナ, Yokohama Arīna) is an indoor arena located in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The capacity of the arena is 17,000 and was opened in 1989. The arena was modeled after US sports venue Madison Square Garden in New York City. It is a five-minute walk from the closest station, Shin-Yokohama Station on the JR/Yokohama Municipal Subway.

As one of the largest concert venues in the Kantō region, it is a frequent location for artists to end their tours. The spacious stage allows for more complex set design and lighting, but the reasonable size makes it easier to sell out than the Tokyo Dome.
Pixley ka Seme Local Municipality elections
The Pixley ka Seme Local Municipality is a Local Municipality in Mpumalanga in South Africa. The council consists of twenty-one members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Eleven councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in eleven wards, while the remaining ten are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of thirteen seats.

Pixley ka Seme Local Municipality
Pixley Ka Seme Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala iPixley ka Seme) is a local municipality within the Gert Sibande District Municipality, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Volksrust is the seat of the municipality.

The municipality is named after Pixley ka Isaka Seme, a founder and president of the African National Congress.
Graham Stack (music producer)
Graham Stack is an English record producer and songwriter who has written and produced hit records for many artists including James Arthur, JLS, Kylie Minogue, Take That, LeAnn Rimes, Tina Turner, Girls Aloud, Atomic Kitten, Steps, Westlife, Donna Summer, Rod Stewart, Il Divo and Natalie Cole.

Stack has worked as a music producer and music director on The X Factor UK and The X Factor USA as well as on Britain's Got Talent and America's Got Talent. Stack has also remixed a number of singles including the Latino version of "Can't Fight the Moonlight" for LeAnn Rimes which sold over 1 million copies and was a pan European hit.

Mónica Naranjo
Mónica Naranjo Carrasco (born 23 May 1974) is a Spanish singer widely popular in Spain and Latin America and recognised as one of the most powerful voices of the Spanish and Latin American music scenes. She has performed with singers such as Luciano Pavarotti, Rocío Jurado and Mina Mazzini amongst others.
German submarine U-177
German submarine U-177 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 25 November 1940, at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen, as yard number 1017. She was launched on 1 October 1941, and commissioned on 14 March 1942, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Schulze. After a period of training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, the boat was transferred to the 10th flotilla on 1 October 1942, and based at Lorient, for front-line service, she was then reassigned to the 12th flotilla at Bordeaux on 1 December.

She sank 14 ships of 87,388 gross register tons (GRT) and damaged one other of 2,588 GRT, but was herself sunk on 6 February 1944, in the Atlantic west of Ascension Island by a US Navy aircraft.

4th U-boat Flotilla
The 4th U-boat Flotilla (German 4. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in May 1941 in Stettin under the command of Kapitänleutnant Werner Jacobsen. Nearly 300 boats received their basic training here. It was disbanded in May 1945.
Kampong Long Mayan
Kampong Long Mayan (Malay: Kampung Long Mayan) simply known as Long Mayan, is a village in the interior of Tutong District, Brunei, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the district town Pekan Tutong. The population was 265 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Ukong, a mukim subdivision in the district.

Mukims of Brunei
A mukim is a second-level administrative division of Brunei Darussalam, and the primary sub-division of a larger district (daerah).  There are thirty-nine mukims within the four districts of the sultanate Brunei Darussalam.  A mukim is led by a penghulu, since 2015 elected by democratic vote.  A mukim encompasses a number of villages, known in Malay as kampung or kampong.  Mukims are administered by the district office of the district where they are located.
Central Office of Information
The Central Office of Information (COI) was the UK government's marketing and communications agency. Its chief executive reported to the Minister for the Cabinet Office. It was a non-ministerial department, and became an executive agency and a trading fund subject to the Government Trading Funds Act 1973, recovering its costs from the other departments, executive agencies and publicly funded bodies which used its services.

Established in 1946 as the successor to the wartime Ministry of Information, the COI was designed not only to handle peacetime public information campaigns but also to continue the Ministry's legacy of coordinated government propaganda. The COI was, in part, an effort to shape cultural attitudes and public perceptions, both domestically and overseas.

Non-ministerial government department
Non-ministerial government departments, also called non-ministerial departments (NMDs), are a type of department of the United Kingdom government that deal with matters for which direct political oversight has been judged unnecessary or inappropriate. They are typically headed by senior civil servants. Some fulfil a regulatory or inspection function, and their status is therefore intended to protect them from political interference.  Some are headed by a permanent office holder, such as a Permanent Secretary or Second Permanent Secretary.
Elionurus elegans
Elionurus elegans is a species of plants in the family Poaceae. It is found in Nigeria, Senegal and Burkina Faso. It is used as a fodder plant. Its essential oils from the aerial parts contain the terpenic compounds campherenone (43.0%), caryophyllene oxide (4.9%) and bisabolone (4.9%) whereas root essential oils contain campherenone (39.0%), epi-beta-santalene (12.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.6%).

Caryophyllene
Caryophyllene (/ˌkærioʊˈfɪliːn/), more formally (−)-β-caryophyllene (BCP), is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that occurs widely in nature. Caryophyllene is notable for having a cyclobutane ring, as well as a trans-double bond in a 9-membered ring, both rarities in nature.
Glappa of Bernicia
Glappa of Bernicia ruled from 559 to 560. He is the second known king of Bernicia.

Little is known of Glappa's life and reign.  The earliest authorities differ widely on the order and the regnal years of the kings between the death of Ida (559) and the beginning of Æthelfrith's rule (592/593).  Glappa is not named among the sons given his predecessor, Ida, but appears in regnal lists as Ida's successor, reigning one year.

John Foxe's 16th century book, Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church (popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs), mentions Glappa or Claspa as a king of Bernicia.

John Foxe
John Foxe (1516/1517 – 18 April 1587) was an English clergyman, theologian, and historian, notable for his martyrology Foxe's Book of Martyrs, telling of Christian martyrs throughout Western history, but particularly the sufferings of English Protestants and "proto-Protestants" from the 14th century and in the reign of Mary I. The book was widely owned and read by English Puritans and helped to mould British opinion on the Catholic Church for several centuries.
Hatfield Cemetery (Newtown, West Virginia)
Hatfield Cemetery is a historic cemetery located near Newtown, Mingo County, West Virginia. The earliest burial dates to 1881, and is the grave of Ephraim Hatfield. The cemetery contains over 100 burials including Ellison Hatfield, brother of Captain Anderson "Devil Anse" Hatfield, whose killing by three sons of Randolph McCoy at an election in Pike County, Kentucky, in 1882 is generally regarded as the beginning of the famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud. It is a companion to the Hatfield Cemetery near Sarah Ann, West Virginia.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Sarah Ann, West Virginia
Sarah Ann is a census-designated place (CDP) in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. The CDP includes the unincorporated community of Sarah Ann, plus the neighboring communities of Crystal Block and part of Stirrat. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 207 (down from 345 at the 2010 census).
1976 NPSL First Division
The 1976 National Professional Soccer League was the sixth season of the National Professional Soccer League, a South African soccer league. It was won by Orlando Pirates.

At the time, due to the country's apartheid policies, the competition was only open to black South African teams, and it ran in parallel with the FPL and the NFL.

Federation Professional League
The Federation Professional League (FPL) was a South African association football league founded in 1969. At the time, under the country's apartheid policies, integrated sport was prohibited, and the National Football League (NFL) existed as a separate league for white teams only. The FPL was established as a non-racial league in the wake of the SASL's disbandment in 1967.
Chloroformate
Chloroformates are a class of organic compounds with the formula ROC(O)Cl.  They are formally esters of chloroformic acid. Most are colorless, volatile liquids that degrade in moist air.  A simple example is methyl chloroformate, which is commercially available.

Chloroformates are used as reagents in organic chemistry.  For example, benzyl chloroformate is used to introduce the Cbz (carboxybenzyl) protecting group and fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride is used to introduce the FMOC protecting group. Chloroformates are popular in the field of chromatography as derivatization agents. They convert polar compounds into less polar more volatile derivatives. In this way, chloroformates enable relatively simple transformation of large array of metabolites (aminoacids, amines, carboxylic acids, phenols) for analysis by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Rudy Atwood
Rudolph Atwood (December 16, 1912 – October 16, 1992) was an American Christian music pianist, known primarily for his years as accompanist on the long-running Old Fashioned Revival Hour radio program led by Charles E. Fuller from 1937 to 1968 on the Mutual Broadcasting System and later on the ABC Radio Network. After Fuller's death in 1968, Atwood continued to play on the successor program, The Joyful Sound. He made many recordings accompanying the program's quartet and choir and made appearances playing the piano at various churches and concerts until his death in 1992. He was known as "the most imitated pianist in gospel music", for his improvisations and arrangements of traditional hymns.

Ralph Carmichael
Ralph Carmichael (May 27, 1927 – October 18, 2021) was an American composer and arranger of both secular pop music and contemporary Christian music. He is regarded as one of the pioneers of contemporary Christian music.