hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1875 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1875 include the Anjouan sparrowhawk, Caucasian grouse, Nelson's sparrow, yellow-capped pygmy parrot, red-tailed shrike, spotted catbird, spectacled barwing, tit berrypecker, bridled honeyeater and Taczanowski's tinamou.

Tit berrypecker
The tit berrypecker (Oreocharis arfaki) is a species of bird in the family Paramythiidae. First described by Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer in 1875, it is monotypic within the genus Oreocharis. It is found in the New Guinea Highlands and more scarcely in northern parts of the island, in subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Falling Creek UDC Jefferson Davis Highway Marker
Falling Creek UDC Jefferson Davis Highway Marker is a historic stone highway marker located near Richmond, in Chesterfield County, Virginia. It was erected in 1933, and is one of sixteen erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in Virginia along the Jefferson Davis Highway between 1927 and 1946.  The marker is a gray granite boulder with rough-cut edges.  The stone is engraved with the text “ERECTED BY THE FIRST DISTRICT VIRGINIA DIVISION UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY 1933.”  It is located in a wayside established in 1934, that provides access to the Bridge at Falling Creek.  It was the first highway wayside park in Virginia.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Chesterfield County, Virginia
Chesterfield County is a county located just south of Richmond in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county's borders are primarily defined by the James River to the north and the Appomattox River to the south. Its county seat is Chesterfield Court House.

Chesterfield County was formed in 1749 from parts of Henrico County. It was named for Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, a prominent English statesman who had been the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 364,548, making it the fourth-most populous county in Virginia (behind Fairfax, Prince William, and Loudoun, respectively). Chesterfield County is part of the Greater Richmond Region, and the county refers to much of the northern portion as "North Chesterfield".
Trek-80
Trek-80 is a text-based video game written by Steve Dompier in 1976 and sold by Processor Technology for their Sol-20 computer and suitable S-100 bus machines.

Trek-80 combines features of the seminal Star Trek game by Mike Mayfield with the unrelated Trek73. In contrast to the originals, which were designed to run on teletypes, Trek-80 used the VDM-1 video card to produce a character-based real-time display.

Compatible 3rd party versions of the VDM-1 became the de facto display for most early S-100 bus machines, as well as the TRS-80. A version known as Invasion Force was sold by Tandy for the TRS-80.

An unrelated Trek-80 for the TRS-80 was sold by Judges Guild, but this was a port of the original Mayfield game with few changes.

Text-based user interface
In computing, text-based user interfaces (TUI) (alternately terminal user interfaces, to reflect a dependence upon the properties of computer terminals and not just text), is a retronym describing a type of user interface (UI) common as an early form of human–computer interaction, before the advent of bitmapped displays and modern conventional graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Like modern GUIs, they can use the entire screen area and may accept mouse and other inputs. They may also use color and often structure the display using box-drawing characters such as ┌ and ╣. The modern context of use is usually a terminal emulator.
Abbots Deuglie
Abbots Deuglie (/ˌæbəts ˈdjuːɡli/) is a hamlet in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It is located in the Ochil Hills, in Arngask parish, about one mile (1.5 km) west of Glenfarg. Glenfarg Reservoir lies just to the west of the village, and was built in 1912.

The site is noted for two Neolithic sites, Abbots Deuglie stone circle, which is now virtually unrecognisable as an archaeological site due to the removal of the stones from it, and a single standing stone at West Blair, 700 metres (2,300 feet) south of the village.

Arngask
Arngask is a civil parish in Perthshire, with the village of Glenfarg as its largest settlement. It lies in the south-east of the county, in the Ochil Hills and borders Fife and Kinross-shire. If forms part of a wider ecclesiastical parish of Abernethy and Dron and Arngask.

The parish includes  five miles (8.0 km) of the upper reaches of the River Farg and has an area of 6,456 acres (10.1 sq mi; 26.1 km2).

At the 2011 census, the population of the civil parish was 931.
Iyunga Mapinduzi
Iyunga Mapinduzi is an administrative ward in the Mbeya Rural district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 8,130 people in the ward, from 7,377 in 2012.: 97-98 : 113

Mbeya Region
Mbeya Region (Mkoa wa Mbeya in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,954 km2 (13,882 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Mbeya Region is bordered to the east by Singida Region, Iringa Region and Njombe Region. The region is bordered to the south by Malawi and Lake Nyasa. To the north the region borders southern Tabora Region. Lastly, Mbeya is bordered to the west by Songwe Region. The regional capital is the city of Mbeya. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,343,754.
Jan Thomas Jenssen
Jan Thomas Jenssen (born 1 April 1996) is a Norwegian cross-country skier.

He made his World Cup debut in December 2017 in Lillehammer, finishing 51st. Two years later, he recorded his first placement among the top 30, finishing 8th in the Lenzerheide mass start of the 2019–20 Tour de Ski. He obtained his first World Cup win in November 2023 after missing three years of World Cup racing, winning the 20 kilometer freestyle mass start in Ruka, Finland. He also was on the winning team in the 4x7.5 km team relay in Gällivare, Sweden a week later.

2023–24 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The 2023–24 FIS Cross-Country World Cup, organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS) was the 43rd World Cup in cross-country skiing for men and women.

The season started on 24 November 2023 in Ruka, Finland, and concluded on 17 March 2024 in Falun, Sweden.

Johannes Høsflot Klæbo (men's) and Tiril Udnes Weng (women's), both of Norway, were the reigning champions from the previous season. However, they did not defend their title.

Harald Østberg Amundsen from Norway and Jessie Diggins from United States, became the new overall champions.

In October 2023, FIS decided to prolong the suspension of the Russian and Belarusian national team from competitions due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

With a stop at the 2024 Stifel Loppet Cup in Minneapolis, the season featured the first World Cup event in the United States in 23 years.
Fermín Alvarado Arroyo
Fermín Gerardo Alvarado Arroyo (born 7 July 1963) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
In the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent the ninth district of Guerrero during the 61st Congress.

9th federal electoral district of Guerrero
The 9th federal electoral district of Guerrero (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 09 de Guerrero) was a federal electoral district of the Mexican state of Guerrero from 1977 to 2024. An earlier 9th district was abolished in 1930.

During its existence, the 9th district returned one deputy to the Chamber of Deputies for each of the 51st to 65th sessions of Congress. Votes cast in the district also counted towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the country's electoral regions.

Created as part of the 1977 political reforms, it was first contested in the 1979 mid-term election and elected its last deputy in the 2021 mid-terms. It was dissolved by the National Electoral Institute (INE) in its 2023 redistricting process because the state's population no longer warranted nine districts, though the incumbent deputy, Rosario Merlín García of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), continued to represent the district until 2024.
Majekodunmi
Majekodunmi ⓘ is a masculine Yoruba name from Nigeria. Morphologically, it breaks down into má-jẹ́-kí-ó-dùn-mí, meaning "Do Not Let It Pain/hurt Me" (má - do not, jẹ́ - let, kí - that, ó - it, dùn - pain, mí - me). This name conveys a desire for protection and comfort.

Notable people with the name include:

Kaelan Majekodunmi, Australian soccer player

Moses Majekodunmi, Nigerian obstetrician and gynaecologist

Ola Majekodunmi, Nigerian-Irish presenter, writer and producer

Desmond Majekodunmi, Nigerian climate activist

Josiah Majekodunmi, Nigerian high jumper

Olufemi Majekodunmi, British-Nigerian architect

Benedict Majekodunmi, Nigerian sprinter

Majek Fashek, Nigerian musician

Josiah Majekodunmi
Josiah Olutunji Majekodunmi (12 April 1927 – 9 October 1996) was an athlete from Nigeria.

He competed at the 1950 British Empire Games at Auckland, New Zealand where he won Nigeria's first medal in any international sports, a silver medal in the Men's High Jump event.

Prior to the Commonwealth games, he captained Abeokuta Grammar School Athletics team to win the prestigious Grier Cup for Nigerian high schools in 1947 for the first and the last time. Majekodunmi placed 9th in the high jump event at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. He was also the father of Miss Olawunmi Majekodunmi, the African Table Tennis champion for most of the 1970s and 1980s.
Kurgashla
Kurgashla (Russian: Кургашла; Bashkir: Ҡурғашлы, Qurğaşlı) is a rural locality (a village) in Tashbukanovsky Selsoviet, Gafuriysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 280 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

Gafuriysky District
Gafuriysky District (Russian: Гафури́йский райо́н; Bashkir: Ғафури районы, Ğafuri rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders with Arkhangelsky District in the north, Beloretsky District in the east, Ishimbaysky District in the south, Sterlitamaksky District in the southwest, Aurgazinsky District in the west, and with Karmaskalinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,038.02 square kilometers (1,172.99 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnousolsky. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 33,869, with the population of Krasnousolsky accounting for 35.4% of that number.
Tiffany Kruger
Tiffany Kruger (born July 18, 1987 in Durban) is a South African sprint canoeist. Kruger is a member of Natal Canoe Club in Pietermaritzburg, and is coached and trained by former Olympic silver medalist Attila Adrovicz of Hungary (1992).

Kruger represented South Africa at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the first ever women's K-1 200 metres. She paddled in the third heat against six other canoeists, including former Olympic champion Inna Osypenko of Ukraine. Kruger, however, failed to advance into the semi-finals, as she finished seventh in her heat by nearly three seconds behind Slovakia's Ivana Kmeťová, with a time of 46.122 seconds.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Ancient Diocese of Aarhus
The former Diocese of Aarhus (Danish: Aarhus Stift) was a Roman Catholic diocese in Denmark, founded in the 10th century and dissolved during the Protestant Reformation. The diocese included the counties of Aarhus and Randers, the islands of Samsø and Tunø, and, after 1396, part of the county of Viborg.

Viborg County
Viborg County (Danish: Viborg Amt) is a former county (Danish: amt) in the north-central part of the Jutland peninsula in western Denmark. The county was abolished on 1 January 2007, when most of it merged into Region Midtjylland (i.e. Region Central Jutland). A smaller portion merged into Region Nordjylland (Region North Jutland).
Castrol Honda SuperBike World Champions
Castrol HONDA SuperBike World Champions is a licensed motorcycle racing game, developed by Intense Simulations Entertainment and Interactive Entertainment Ltd. and published by Midas Interactive Entertainment. The game features the Honda RVF750 RC45 and the riders of the 1997 Superbike World Championship season. The game title was chosen because John Kocinski won the 1997 World Superbike Championship on a Castrol Honda.

1997 Superbike World Championship
The 1997 Superbike World Championship was the tenth FIM Superbike World Championship season. The season started on 23 March at Phillip Island and finished on 12 October at Sentul after 12 rounds.

John Kocinski won the riders' championship with 9 victories and Honda won the manufacturers' championship.
Lõmala
Lõmala is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 39.

Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Salme Parish.

2011 Estonian census
The 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011) (Estonian: Rahva ja eluruumide loendus (REL 2011)) was a census that was carried out during 31 December 2011 – 31 March 2012 in Estonia by Statistics Estonia.

The total population recorded was 1,294,455 persons, compared to 1,370,052 persons counted in the 2000 Estonian census.
Refugees (drama)
Refugees is a drama by Bosnian writer Zlatko Topčić. It is written in Bosnian and English and was published in 1999. The theater play, directed by Gradimir Gojer, was premiered the same year in Kamerni teatar 55 (Chamber Theatre 55).

The main character is Almasa, a strange woman full of unprecedented vibrations and accents.

The book Refugee Performance (2013) by Australian professor Michael Balfour, from various aspects deals with literary, and especially, drama creativity whose theme is refugee. Among eighteen authors from all over the world who testify on this subject, is Topčić.

Kamerni teatar 55
Kamerni teatar 55 (English: Chamber Theater 55) is a theater in Sarajevo, established in 1955. It is registered as public institution under the Ministry of Culture and Sport of Canton Sarajevo.

On average, around 13,000 people view performances throughout the year, and the capacity of the theater is 160 seats.

Zlatko Topčić managed this theater from 2001 to 2011.
Lester and Norma Dent House
Lester and Norma Dent House, also known as the House of Gadgets, is a historic home located at La Plata, Macon County, Missouri.  It was built in 1941, and is a one-and-a-half-story, Modern Movement style dwelling sheathed in brick and asbestos siding. The house has a gable roof and is of the Cape Cod cottage type.  It was the home of American pulp-fiction author Lester Dent (1904-1959).: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Cape Cod (house)
A Cape Cod house is a low, broad, single or double-story frame building with a moderately-steep-pitched gabled roof, a large central chimney, and very little ornamentation. Originating in New England in the 17th century, the simple symmetrical design was constructed of local materials to withstand the stormy weather of Cape Cod. It features a central front door flanked by multipaned windows. The space above the first floor was often left as unfinished attic space, with or without windows on the gable ends.

The building type enjoyed a boom in popularity and adaptation to modern needs in the 1930s–1950s, particularly with Colonial Revival embellishments. It remains a feature of New England homebuilding.
Vasyl Ponikarov
Vasyl Ponikarov (Ukrainian: Василь Андрійович Понікаров; Russian: Василий Андреевич Поникаров; 26 August 1929 – 16 May 2014) was a Soviet and Ukrainian artist, member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine (1971).

Odesa Fine Arts Museum
The Odesa National Fine Arts Museum or Odesa National Art Museum (Ukrainian: Одеський національний художній музей, romanized: Odeskyi natsionalnyi khudozhnii muzei) is one of the principal art galleries of the city of Odesa in Ukraine. Founded in 1899, it occupies the Potocki Palace (Polish pronunciation: [pɔˈtɔt͡skʲi]), itself a monument of early 19th century architecture. The museum now houses more than 10 thousand pieces of art, including paintings by some of the best-known Russian and Ukrainian artists of late 19th and early 20th century. It is the only museum in Odesa that has free entrance day every last Sunday of the month.
CNBloggerCon
The Chinese Blogger Conference (or CNBloggerCon) was the first national bloggers conference held in China. The conference first convened in Shanghai in November 2005, and was held in the subsequent years in Hangzhou (2006), Beijing (2007), Guangzhou (2008) and Lianzhou (2009). One of the more prominent organizers of the conference is the Shanghai-based investment manager and blogger Isaac Mao.

CNBloggerCon 2010 was scheduled to be held in Shanghai on November 20, 2010, but the event was ultimately canceled by the organizers under pressure from Chinese government authorities. This marked the first time since 2005 that the Chinese Blogger Conference had not been held.

Lianzhou
Lianzhou (simplified Chinese: 连州; traditional Chinese: 連州; pinyin: Liánzhōu), formerly Lian County or Lianxian (postal: Linhsien; 连县; 連縣; Lián Xiàn), is a county-level city in northern Guangdong Province, China, and is the northernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Qingyuan. It is known as the host city of the Lianzhou International Photography Festival (LIPF) and as a historic and cultural landmark of Guangdong Province.
Perth Busport
Perth Busport is an underground central bus station in Perth, Western Australia, located underneath Wellington Street. It was officially opened by then Premier of Western Australia Colin Barnett and then Minister for Transport Dean Nalder on 13 July 2016.

Minister for Transport (Western Australia)
Minister for Transport is a position in the government of Western Australia, currently held by Rita Saffioti of the Labor Party. The position was first created in 1945, in the ministry formed by Frank Wise, and has existed in almost every government since then. The minister is responsible for the Department for Transport.

Prior to 1974, there was a separate position called the Commissioner of Railways (1883–1902) or the Minister for Railways (1902–1974), with the holder of the position having responsibility solely for Western Australia's railways (including the Western Australian Government Railways).

From 1947 to 1959, there was also a Minister for Supply and Shipping, who had responsibility for imports into Western Australia.
Machmell River Cone
Machmell River Cone is a cinder cone of the Silverthrone Caldera complex in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. It is believed the volcano last erupted during the Holocene, making it one of the youngest volcanic features of the Silverthrone complex.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
U.S. Route 165
U.S. Route 165 is a north–south United States highway spur of U.S. Highway 65.  It currently runs for 412 miles (663 km) from U.S. Route 90 in Iowa, Louisiana north to U.S. Highway 70 in North Little Rock, Arkansas. The route passes through the states of Arkansas and Louisiana.  It passes through the cities of Monroe and Alexandria in Louisiana. A segment of US 165 serves as a routing of the Great River Road within Arkansas.

Business route
A business route (or business loop, business spur, or city route) in the United States is a short special route that branches off a parent numbered highway at its beginning, continues through the central business district of a nearby city or town, and finally reconnects with the same parent numbered highway at the business route's end. Their designation is often intended to direct traffic to the business districts bypassed when a new highway is constructed some distance away.
Proerna
39°14′37″N 22°16′23″E﻿ / ﻿39.243493°N 22.273135°E﻿ / 39.243493; 22.273135
Proerna (Ancient Greek: Πρόερνα) was a town and polis (city-state) of Phthiotis, in ancient Thessaly. Strabo lists the town between Thaumaci and Pharsalus, in Phthiotis, but otherwise provides no indication of its exact location. Stephanus of Byzantium writes Proarna (Προάρνα), and calls it by mistake a town of the Malians. In 191 BCE, Proerna, which had been taken by Antiochus III, was recovered by the consul Manius Acilius Glabrio during the latter's advance through Thessaly, a little while before the Battle of Thermopylae. We learn from this passage of Livy that Proerna stood between Pharsalus and Thaumaci.

The site of Proerna has been located at a place called Neo Monastiri (meaning, "new monastery") in the territory of Gynaikokastro.

Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)
The Battle of Thermopylae took place on 24 April 191 BC. It was fought as part of the Roman–Seleucid War, pitting forces of the Roman Republic led by the consul Manius Acilius Glabrio against a Seleucid-Aetolian army of Antiochus III the Great.

When the main bodies of the armies initially clashed at the Thermopylae pass, the Seleucids managed to hold their ground, repulsing multiple Roman assaults. However, a small Roman force under Marcus Porcius Cato managed to outflank the Seleucids from the hillside after surprising the Aetolian garrison of Fort Callidromus. The Seleucids panicked and broke ranks, leading to the destruction of their force. Antiochus managed to escape the battlefield with his cavalry, departing mainland Greece soon afterwards.
Krokek
Krokek is a locality situated in Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 4,285 inhabitants in 2010. It is the main settlement of Kolmården and located a few kilometres away from the Sörmland border. The place's name comes from krokig ek, which refers to a crooked oak at the border between Östergötland and Sörmland.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.