hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blera robusta
Blera robusta, the greenish wood fly, is a rare species of syrphid fly first officially described by Curran in 1922. Hoverflies get this name from the ability to remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies, for they are commonly found around and on the flowers from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein rich pollen. The larvae are of the rat-tailed type, feeding on exuding sap or in the rot holes of trees.

Rat-tailed maggot
Rat-tailed maggots are the larvae of certain species of hoverflies belonging to the tribes Eristalini and Sericomyiini. A characteristic feature of rat-tailed maggots is a tube-like, telescoping breathing siphon located at their posterior end. This acts like a snorkel, allowing the larva to breathe air while submerged. The siphon is usually about as long as the maggot's body (20 mm (1 in) when mature), but can be extended up to about 150 mm (6 in). This organ gives the larva its common name.

The most commonly encountered rat-tailed maggot is the larva of the drone fly, Eristalis tenax. It lives in stagnant, oxygen-deprived water, with a high organic content. It is fairly tolerant of pollution and can live in sewage lagoons and cesspools.
Hormizd III
Hormizd III (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭬𐭦𐭣; New Persian: هرمز سوم), was the seventeenth king (shah) of the Sasanian Empire, ruling briefly from 457 to 459. He was the son and successor of Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457). His reign was marked by the rebellion of his younger brother Peroz I, who with the aid of one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran, the House of Mihran, and the eastern neighbours of the Sasanians, the Hephthalites, had him captured and executed.

New Persian
New Persian (Persian: فارسی نو, romanized: fārsī-ye now), also known as Modern Persian (فارسی نوین), is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings. It is conventionally divided into three stages: Early New Persian (8th/9th centuries), Classical Persian (10th–18th centuries), and Contemporary Persian (19th century to present).

Dari is a name given to the New Persian language since the 10th century, widely used in Arabic (see Istakhri, al-Maqdisi and ibn Hawqal) and Persian texts. Since 1964, Dari has been the official name in Afghanistan for the Persian spoken there.
Xiaozi
Xiaozi (Chinese: 小资; pinyin: xiǎozī), is a Chinese cultural term describing a lifestyle chasing modern taste, living standards, and arts. Originally the term was a Chinese translation of "petite bourgeoisie". After the economic reform in the People's Republic of China, some urban Chinese who had been immersed in Marxist ideas of class conflict found they were not as poor as the proletariat but not as rich as the bourgeoisie. They regarded themselves as petite bourgeoisie to distinguish themselves from ordinary city dwellers.

Chinese culture
Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中华文化; traditional Chinese: 中華文化; pinyin: Zhōnghuá wénhuà) is one of the world's earliest cultures, said to originate five thousand years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia called the Sinosphere as a whole and is extremely diverse, with customs and traditions varying greatly between regions. The terms 'China' and the geographical landmass of 'China' have shifted across the centuries, before the name 'China' became commonplace. Chinese civilization is historically considered a dominant culture of East Asia. Chinese culture exerted profound influence on the philosophy, customs, politics, and traditions of Asia. Chinese characters, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, arts, philosophy, etiquette, religion, politics, and history have had global influence, while its traditions and festivals are celebrated, instilled, and practiced by people around the world.
James B. Garvin
James B. Garvin served as NASA's Chief Scientist from October 2004 to September 2005 and is known for his foundational work in NASA's Mars explorational programs.

Garvin arrived at the Goddard Space Flight Center in 1984. He first served as a staff scientist developing remote sensing instrumentation and has been based there or at the nearby NASA headquarters in Washington D.C. since then. His career has spanned disciplines as Earth system science, Mars Exploration, lunar exploration, Venus, asteroids, and the outer planets. He has been a co-investigator on NASA's Mars Observer, Mars Global Surveyor, NEAR-Shoemaker, OSIRIS-REx, Mars Curiosity Rover, Canada's Radarsat, and ESA's Envisat missions.

Garvin is the principal investigator of the DAVINCI+ mission (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging). In 2021 it was selected as one of NASA's next Discovery Program missions, for launch between 2028 and 2030.

RADARSAT
RADARSAT is a Canadian remote sensing Earth observation satellite program overseen by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The program has consisted of:

RADARSAT-1 (1995–2013)

RADARSAT-2 (2007–)

RADARSAT Constellation (2019-)
Wrinkle test
The wrinkle test (attributed as O'Riain's or Leukens' wrinkle test) is a test of peripheral nerve function.  The fingers are placed in warm water for approximately 10–40 minutes.  If the fingers do not wrinkle, this is a sign of denervation.

Denervation
Denervation is any loss of nerve supply regardless of the cause. If the nerves lost to denervation are part of neural communication to an organ system or for a specific tissue function, alterations to or compromise of physiological functioning can occur. Denervation can result from an injury or be a symptom of a disorder like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), post-polio syndrome, or neuropathic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Intentional denervation is a valuable surgical technique for managing some medical conditions, such as renal denervation in the setting of uncontrolled hypertension. Pathological denervation, by contrast, is associated with serious health sequelae, including increased infection susceptibility and tissue dysfunction.
Nocardiopsis terrae
Nocardiopsis terrae  is a Gram-positive, halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic and obligately aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from saline soil from the Qaidam Basin in the Qinghai Province in China.

Alkaliphile
Alkaliphiles are a class of extremophilic microbes capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. These bacteria can be further categorized as obligate alkaliphiles (those that require high pH to survive), facultative alkaliphiles (those able to survive in high pH, but also grow under normal conditions) and haloalkaliphiles (those that require high salt content to survive).
Ekwok Airport
Ekwok Airport (IATA: KEK, FAA LID: KEK) is a state-owned public-use airport serving Ekwok, a city in the Dillingham Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. Scheduled airline service to Merrill Field in Anchorage, AK   is provided by Dena'ina air.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 283 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 182 enplanements in 2009, and 284 in 2010. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport (the commercial service category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year).

Dillingham Census Area, Alaska
Dillingham Census Area is a census area located in the state of Alaska, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 4,857, slightly up from 4,847 in 2010. It is part of the unorganized borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest community by far is the city of Dillingham, on a small arm of Bristol Bay on the Bering Sea.
Sandra Brown (cricketer)
Sandra Brown (14 August 1939 – 22 November 2024) was an English cricketer who played as an all-rounder, and bowled right-arm off break. She appeared in three Test matches for England in 1963, in a series against Australia. She played domestic cricket for Surrey.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Plaza Italia, Lima
Italy Square (Spanish: Plaza Italia), formerly known as Saint Anne's Square (Spanish: Plaza Santa Ana), is a public square in the Barrios Altos neighbourhood of Lima, Peru. It was the second square built by the Spanish during the colonial era and later served as one of the four squares where the independence of Peru was declared in the city.

Saint Anne
According to Christian tradition, Saint Anne (also known as Ann or Anna) was the mother of Mary, the wife of Joachim and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary's mother is not named in the Bible's canonical gospels. In writing, Ann's name and that of her husband Joachim come from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James (written perhaps around 150 AD) seems to be the earliest that mentions them. The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.
Kanadevia
Kanadevia Corporation (Japanese: カナデビア株式会社, Hepburn: Kanadebia Kabushiki-kaisha), formerly Hitachi Zosen Corporation (日立造船株式会社, Hitachi Zōsen Kabushiki-kaisha), is a major Japanese industrial and engineering corporation. It produces waste treatment plants, industrial plants, precision machinery, industrial machinery, steel mill process equipment, steel structures, construction machinery, tunnel boring machines, marine engines, and power plants.

Despite its former name, Hitachi Zosen, of which the last word literally means shipbuilding, no longer builds ships, having spun off the business to Universal Shipbuilding Corporation in 2002, nor is it a keiretsu company of Hitachi any longer. Reflecting this, the company changed its name to Kanadevia in October 2024.

Keiretsu
A keiretsu (Japanese: 系列; literally system, series, grouping of enterprises, order of succession) is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings that dominated the Japanese economy in the second half of the 20th century. In the legal sense, it is a type of business group that is in a loosely organized alliance within Japan's business community. It rose up to replace the zaibatsu system that was dissolved in the occupation of Japan following the Second World War. Though their influence has shrunk since the late 20th century, they continue to be important forces in Japan's economy in the early 21st century.

The members' companies own small portions of the shares in each other's companies, centered on a core bank; this system helps insulate each company from stock market fluctuations and takeover attempts, thus enabling long-term planning in projects.
Elihu Vedder
Elihu Vedder (26 February 1836 – 29 January 1923) was an American symbolist painter, book illustrator and poet from New York City. He is best known for his fifty-five illustrations for Edward FitzGerald's translation of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (deluxe edition, published by Houghton Mifflin).

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Museum of History in Granite
The Museum of History in Granite is a museum in the town of Felicity, California. The museum exhibits monuments made from Missouri Red Granite. Each is 100 feet (30 m) long. Conceived as a historic record of humanity designed to last for four millennia, the Museum of History in Granite is a collection of over 900 large granite outdoor panels. The museum was conceived and commissioned by Jacques-André Istel and its lead artist is Gene Britton.

Development has been underway for several decades with most of monuments completed. However the eight monuments of the "History of Humanity" are only 31% engraved.

Subjects include the History of California, Dedicated in 2016. Smaller monuments include the Felicity Stone, a "Rosetta Stone for the future" located at the center of the History of Humanity monuments.

Monument
A monument is a type of structure created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance.  Examples of monuments include statues, (war) memorials, historical buildings, and cultural assets. If there is a public interest in its preservation, a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Orange Line (Mumbai Metro)
Orange Line of the Mumbai Metro is a rapid transit metro line in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. During construction the line was divided into two smaller lines - Line 5 (Kapurbawdi to Kalyan APMC) and Line 12 (Kalyan APMC to Taloja). The 45.70 km (28.40 mi) will connect Thane with Taloja via Bhiwandi and Kalyan. Construction of Line 5 began in February 2020. However, the section from Bhiwandi to Kalyan APMC was put on hold by the State Government. The construction of Line 12 started in March 2020. The line is mostly elevated except for a small underground section in Bhiwandi. The line has a total of 34 stations, of which 33 are elevated, while the station in Bhiwandi is set to be the only underground station in the line. The line offers interchange with the Green Line at Kapurbawdi and with the Navi Mumbai Metro at Taloja. The line also has a proposed interchange with the Thane Metro at Balkum Naka.

Kalyan
Kalyan (Pronunciation: [kəljaːɳ]) is a city on the banks of Ulhas River in Thane district of Maharashtra state in Konkan division. It is governed by Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation. Kalyan is a subdivision (Taluka) of Thane district. Kalyan and its neighbouring township of Dombivli jointly form Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation, abbreviated as KDMC. It is a founding city of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
Lily mottle virus
The Lily mottle virus (LMoV), is a plant virus of the Potyviridae virus family that causes asymptomatic to mild diseases of individual plant parts in plants of the lily family (Liliaceae). However, a frequently occurring simultaneous infection with other plant viruses, which on their own only cause moderate or no disease, can cause an entire plant to perish. This coinfection leads to considerable crop damage in lily cultivation and is therefore of great economic importance. Lily mottle virus is spread by aphids and in horticulture during vegetative propagation by splitting the lily bulb. LMoV was regarded as a synonym for a subtype of the Tulip Breaking Virus (TBV) that occurs in lilies, although since 2005 it has been classified as a closely related but independent virus species of the genus Potyvirus.

Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or  specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.

Many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. Horticulturists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative propagules to replicate plants. Success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly.  Monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium, making them more challenging to propagate.
AFAC
AFAC can refer to:

Agencia Federal de Aviación Civil (Federal Civil Aviation Agency or ACAF), a government agency of Mexico

Air Force Administrative College, a training institute of the Indian Air Force

Arab Fund for Arts and Culture (AFAC)

Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council

Federal Civil Aviation Agency
The Federal Civil Aviation Agency (Spanish: Agencia Federal de Aviación Civil, AFAC) is a division of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico. It replaced the former Directorate General of Civil Aeronautics (Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil or DGAC) on October 16, 2019. It is an agency of the Subsecretaría de Transporte of the Secretariat of Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation of Mexico. Its main responsibilities is to act as civil aviation authority (CAA) and to investigate aviation accidents and incidents in Mexico.
2016 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 130th edition of the GAA's premier inter-county gaelic football tournament since its establishment in 1887.

33 teams took part. 31 of the 32 Counties of Ireland participated, with Kilkenny, as in previous years, declining to take part. London and New York again competed.

The winning team, Dublin (who defeated Mayo by a single point after a replay), received the Sam Maguire Cup. It was the first time Dublin, as defending champions, had retained the trophy since the 1977 final.

1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the ninetieth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

This was one of the 13 consecutive All-Ireland SFC finals contested by either Dublin or Kerry between 1974 and 1986, a period when one of either team always contested the decider.

The game was contested by Armagh and Dublin. Dublin retained the Sam Maguire Cup.
Legislative Route 1 Sycamore Allee
Legislative Route 1 Sycamore Allee is a historic roadway landscape in Halifax Township and Reed Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. It consists of 314 sycamore trees planted along Legislative Route 1.  They are located along both sides of the road south of Halifax and on the east side of the road north of Halifax.  Approximately 536 trees were originally planted in 1922.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Dauphin County (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 286,401. The county seat is Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's state capital and ninth-most populous city. The county was created on March 4, 1785, from part of Lancaster County and was named after Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, the first son of King Louis XVI. Dauphin County is included in the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located within the county is Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, site of the 1979 nuclear core meltdown. The nuclear power plant closed in 2019. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Octavius Douglas-Hamilton
Maj.-Gen. Octavius Douglas-Hamilton (1821-1904) was the son of Lieutenant Augustus Barrington Price Anne Powell Hamilton and Maria Catherine Hyde, a grandson of Admiral Charles Powell Hamilton and Lucretia Prosser. He was born on 15 February 1821 in Boulogne, France.

The family surname was changed to Douglas-Hamilton in 1875.

Octavius Douglas-Hamilton was commissioned in 1839 in 2nd Bengal European Cavalry. He served in the Punjab Campaign in 1848 and 1849, and at the Siege of Delhi in 1857, and the actions at Hindon and Basil-Ka-Serai..

He retired in 1875 and was granted the honorary rank of Major General.

He was married to Katharine Augusta Westenra Macleod (b. ca 1822, d. 30 Nov 1902), dau. of Capt Donald Macleod CB RN. They were the parents of Major Angus Falconer Douglas-Hamilton, V.C.

He died on 14 Aug 1904 at 46 Marylands Road, Paddington, London, England.

Charles Powell Hamilton
Admiral Charles Powell Hamilton (26 December 1747 – 12 March 1825) was an officer of the Royal Navy, who saw service during the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, eventually rising to the rank of admiral.
1920 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1920 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City and the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. The men's tournament, held in New York City, ran from August 30 until September 6, 1920, while the women's event in Chestnut Hill was held from September 20 through September 25, 1920. It was the 40th staging of the U.S. National Championships and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

Molla Mallory
Anna Margrethe "Molla" Bjurstedt Mallory (née Bjurstedt; 6 March 1884 – 22 November 1959) was a Norwegian-American tennis player, at one time ranked number 2 in the world. She won a record eight singles titles at the U.S. National Championships. She was the first woman to represent Norway at the Olympics.
Richelieu (provincial electoral district)
Richelieu (French: [ʁiʃ(ə)ljø] ⓘ) is a provincial electoral riding in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada, which elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It notably includes the municipalities of Sorel-Tracy, Sainte-Anne-de-Sorel, Saint-Roch-de-Richelieu and Sainte-Victoire-de-Sorel.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada).  Its final election was in 1936.  It disappeared in the 1939 election and its successor electoral district was Richelieu-Verchères.

However, Richelieu-Verchères disappeared in the 1944 election and its successor electoral district was the re-created Richelieu.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it gained territory from Nicolet-Yamaska and from Verchères electoral districts.

It is named after former French Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu.

1936 Quebec general election
The 1936 Quebec general election was held on August 17, 1936, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Union Nationale, led by Maurice Duplessis, defeated the incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Adélard Godbout.

This marked the end of slightly more than 39 consecutive years in power for the Liberals, who had governed Quebec since the 1897 election.

This 1936 election had been called less than one year after the 1935 election after Liberal premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau resigned because of a scandal. He was replaced by Godbout as Liberal leader and premier.

This was Duplessis's first term in office. After losing the subsequent 1939 election, he later won four more general elections in a row, and became the dominant politician of his time. It was also the Union Nationale's first election, having been formed from a merger between the Action libérale nationale and the Quebec Conservative Party.