hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Small Axe (song)
"Small Axe" is a song now credited to Bob Marley though the first releases credited Lee "Scratch" Perry and Bob Marley. Perry said it was a collaboration. It was initially released in 1970 as a single by Perry on his Upsetter Records label, then later rerecorded for 1973's the Wailers album Burnin'. It has since been covered by several artists, among others Buju Banton, Deerhoof, Andrew Tosh, Greensky Bluegrass, the Aggrovators, U Roy, UB40, Trey Anastasio, and Peps Persson who made a Swedish version called "Liden såg" (little saw).

Andrew Tosh
Andrew Tosh (born Carlos Andrew McIntosh, 19 June 1967) is a Jamaican reggae singer and the son of Peter Tosh. He is the nephew of reggae singer Bunny Wailer, also an original member of the Wailers.  Andrew has a strong vocal resemblance to his late father and like his father, rides the unicycle.
Dave Thomas (programmer)
Dave Thomas (born 1960) is a computer programmer, author and editor.  He has written about Ruby and together with Andy Hunt, he co-authored The Pragmatic Programmer and runs The Pragmatic Bookshelf publishing company. Thomas moved to the United States from England in 1994 and lives north of Dallas, Texas.

Thomas coined the phrases 'Code Kata' and 'DRY' (Don't Repeat Yourself), and was an original signatory and author of The Manifesto for Agile Software Development. He studied computer science at Imperial College London.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
Esma'il Mass'oud
Esma'il Mass'oud (Persian: اسماعیل مسعود) also known as Esma'il Mirza Mo'tamed ed-Dowleh (اسماعیل‌میرزا معتمدالدوله) (1887–1968) was an Iranian Prince of the Qajar dynasty, son of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan and grandson of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.

He was educated in École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in Paris and Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in London. Esma'il Mirza was appointed by George VI a Knight Commander of Order of the Star of India and a Knight of the Order of the White Eagle in Russia by Tsar Nicholas II. He returned to Iran in 1916 and died aged 81 in 1968 in Isfahan.

He was buried in Takht-e Foulad cemetery.

Takht-e Foulad
The Takht-e Foulad (Persian: تخت فولاد), also known as Lissanul Arz (Persian: لسان‌الارض), is a historical, predominately Islamic, cemetery located in Esfahan, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. It is a large funerary complex that includes several historic mausoleums, mosques, tekyehs, sub-cemeteries and standalone graves. It is estimated that the cemetery was established in c. 10th century CE and is noted for its Safavid architecture.

The cemetery was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 15 June 1996 and is administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.
Saravah
Saravah is a French jazz record label founded by singer-songwriter Pierre Barouh in 1965.

Saravah released the album 50 Years to celebrate its anniversary in the music business. The album included Albin de la Simone, Bastien Lallemant, Bertrand Belin, Camélia Jordana, François Morel, Jeanne Cherhal, Kahimi Karie, Maïa Barouh, Nana Vasconcelos, Olivia Ruiz, Ringo Sheena, Séverin, and Yolande Moreau.

Saravah owns and operates a concert hall in Shibuya, Tokyo. Opened in 2011, Saravah Tokyo (サラヴァ東京) is a "cultural meeting place where you can enjoy music without borders."

Naná Vasconcelos
Juvenal de Holanda Vasconcelos, known as Naná Vasconcelos (2 August 1944 – 9 March 2016), was a Brazilian percussionist, vocalist and berimbau player, notable for his work as a solo artist on over two dozen albums, and as a backing musician with Pat Metheny, Don Cherry, Jan Garbarek, Egberto Gismonti, Gato Barbieri, and Milton Nascimento.
Hylodes regius
Hylodes regius, also known as the royal tree toad, is a species of frog in the family Hylodidae. The specific name regius is not explained in the original species description but probably refers to the yellow and purple-red (colors with royal associations) markings in male Hylodes regius. It is endemic to the Itatiaia Mountains in Minas Gerais, Brazil. After more than three decades without observations, it was detected again in 2012.

Hylodidae
Hylodidae, commonly known as giant Neotropical torrent frogs, is a family of frogs native to Brazil and northern Argentina.  Phylogenetic evidence suggests the Hylodidae being the sister group to the Alsodidae.

Megaelosia goeldii is one species that lost the ability to produce vocalizations which in turn is denoted as mute. Through observation of aggressive interactions, it was found that the species' vocal sacs are used for one form of its visual signaling and communication.
Boston & Roxbury Mill Dam
The Boston & Roxbury Mill Dam was an engineering project in Boston's Back Bay. Commissioned in 1814, the project intended to enclose the Back Bay basin and utilize  flowing tidal waters for industrial production. Constructing the dam would allow water to reliably flow from the Charles River to the basin, creating an ideal environment for the era's industrial mills. The project additionally added a second route to the mainland that redirected traffic away from Boston's choked Orange Street causeway. Between 1818 and 1821, the dam was constructed by extending Beacon Street westward.

Washington Street (Boston)
Washington Street is a street originating in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, which extends southwestward to the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line. The majority of its length outside of the city was built as the Norfolk and Bristol Turnpike in the early 19th century. It is the longest street in Boston and remains one of the longest streets in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Due to various municipal annexations with the city of Boston, the name Washington Street now exists six or more times within the jurisdiction(s) of the City of Boston.

The street's great age in the city of Boston has given rise to a phenomenon whereby intersecting streets have different names on either side of Washington Street.
Dowlatabad, Zeberkhan
Dowlatabad (Persian: دولتاباد, also Romanized as Dowlatābād) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 640, in 168 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Big Red (motorcycle)
Big Red is the machine with which American Don Vesco took the motorcycle land-speed record, 405.25 kilometres per hour (251.81 mph), on September 17, 1970, at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.

At Bonneville Speed Week in 1969, Vesco took Big Red to a speed of 365 km/h (227 mph). The following year, with the five and a half meter long motorcycle built from an aircraft drop tank, he undertook several more attempts to break the 395.363-kilometre-per-hour (245.667 mph) record set by Robert Leppan in 1966. He succeeded in setting a new record of 405.25 km/h (251.81 mph). A month later, the record was broken again: Cal Rayborn reached an averaged 427.25 kilometres per hour (265.48 mph) in two runs in opposite directions.

The bike is now an exhibit of the Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum.

Bonneville Salt Flats
The Bonneville Salt Flats are a densely packed salt pan in Tooele County in northwestern Utah, United States. A remnant of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, it is the largest of many salt flats west of the Great Salt Lake. It is public land managed by the Bureau of Land Management and is known for land speed records at the Bonneville Speedway. The Flats are open to the public.

The Flats are about 12 miles (19 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, with a crust almost 5 ft (1.5m) thick at the center and less than one inch (2.5 cm) towards the edges. It is estimated to hold 147 million tons of salt, about 90% of which is common table salt.
Bengt Robertson
Bengt A. Robertson was a Swedish physician and perinatal pathologist. Robertson was primarily known for the development of the synthetic lung surfactant Corusurf which provided relief to very small babies suffering from infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). From 1974 to 2000, he was the director of the division for experimental perinatal pathology in the department of women and child Health at the Karolinska Institute.

In 1996, he was awarded the King Faisal International Prize in Medicine together with Tetsurō Fujiwara for contributions to the understanding of neonatal medicine.

Pulmonary surfactant
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli, with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of the surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), reduces surface tension.

As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.
Thomas Benton Slate
Thomas Benton Slate (December 2, 1880 – November 26, 1980) was an American inventor and businessman.

Slate was born in Tangent, Oregon, to Nathaniel Porter Slate and Alice Slate. and raised in Alsea, Oregon. He showed an early aptitude for inventing and adapting materials and processes.

Tangent, Oregon
Tangent is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,231 at the 2020 census.

Tangent was the site of a railway station on the Southern Pacific line south of Albany. Its name referred to a straight stretch of the line with no curves for more than 20 miles (32 km). The federal government established a post office in Tangent on September 17, 1872.
Gary D. Robson
Gary D. Robson (May 11, 1958) is an American author from Red Lodge, Montana. He is best known for his children's picture book series entitled Who Pooped in the Park?, which teaches children about animal scat and tracks. The series currently comprises 20 books, mostly set in United States National Parks. The 20th book in the series was released in 2016, covering Central Park in New York City.

Robson is also an expert in closed captioning and subtitling technologies for deaf and hard of hearing people.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
Equatoguinean Cup
The Equatoguinean Cup (Spanish: Copa de Su Excelencia) is the top knockout tournament of the Equatoguinean football. Its full name is Equatoguinean Cup - King's Cup  Abudunal Sun. It was created in 1974.

Cano Sport Academy
Cano Sport Academy, simply known as Cano Sport, is an Equatoguinean football club based in the city of Malabo. It was founded in early 2014 by Cándido Nsue. They are the current champions of the Liga Nacional de Fútbol.
Frequentist probability
Frequentist probability or frequentism is an interpretation of probability; it defines an event's probability (the long-run probability) as the limit of its relative frequency in infinitely many trials.
Probabilities can be found (in principle) by a repeatable objective process, as in repeated sampling from the same population, and are thus ideally devoid of subjectivity. The continued use of frequentist methods in scientific inference, however, has been called into question.

The development of the frequentist account was motivated by the problems and paradoxes of the previously dominant viewpoint, the classical interpretation. In the classical interpretation, probability was defined in terms of the principle of indifference, based on the natural symmetry of a problem, so, for example, the probabilities of dice games arise from the natural symmetric 6-sidedness of the cube. This classical interpretation, however, struggles to explain probability in systems without natural symmetries.

Rhetoric (Aristotle)
Aristotle's Rhetoric (Ancient Greek: Ῥητορική, romanized: Rhētorikḗ; Latin: Ars Rhetorica) is an ancient Greek treatise on the art of persuasion, dating from the 4th century BCE. The English title varies: typically it is Rhetoric, the Art of Rhetoric, On Rhetoric, or a Treatise on Rhetoric.
Matiari
Matyari or Matiari (Sindhi: مٽیاري, Urdu:  مٹیاری) is a city located in Sindh, Pakistan. It is 30 km (19 mi) north of Hyderabad on N-5 National Highway. Matiari is also the district headquarter of Matiari District.

The Dargah of Pir Sayed Sakhi Hashim Shah Badshah, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Makhdoom Sarwar Nooh and Sardar Ahmed Shah Lakiari are located in Matiari distract.

Matiari has three talukas, they are Matiari, Hala and Saeedabad.

Matiari is known for its ice-cream and Ajrak (traditional Sindhi printing on cloth). Its city Hala is famous for handicraft such as Ajrak, Kashi, Jandi and embroidery.

Pir (Sufism)
Pir (Persian: پیر, romanized: pīr, lit. 'elder') or Peer is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة, romanized: Haḍra) . The title is often translated into English as "saint". In Sufism, a Pir's role is to guide and instruct his disciples on the Sufi path. This is often done by general lessons (called Suhbas) and individual guidance. Other words that refer to a Pir include Murshid (Arabic: مرشد, lit. 'guide, mentor') and Sarkar (Persian: سرکار, lit. 'master, lord').
Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's vault
The women's vault event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 28 July and 3 August 2024 at the Accor Arena (referred to as the Bercy Arena due to IOC sponsorship rules). Unlike the other apparatus events, vault requires gymnasts to perform two exercises in order for results to count towards the vault final; most of the gymnasts perform only one (if they are participating in team or individual all-around) or none (if they are only participating in other apparatus). 19 gymnasts from 14 nations (of the 95 total gymnasts) competed two vaults in the qualifying round.

Vault (gymnastics)
The vault is an artistic gymnastics maneuver typically performed on a pommel horse or a vaulting table. Both male and female gymnasts perform the vault. The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is VT.
Little Niagara Falls (Oregon)
Little Niagara Falls, is a waterfall located on the Salmon River at the south skirt of the Mount Hood National Forest, in Clackamas County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located in a privileged area where the river creates several waterfalls: Final Falls, Vanishing Falls, Frustration Falls, and Copper Creek Falls are within a mile from Little Niagara Falls; while Hideaway Falls, Split Falls, and Stein Falls are approximately two miles away.

The cascade and its river trail are surrounded by forest of Douglas fir, western hemlock, red cedar, bigleaf maple, red alder and black cottonwood trees.

Acer macrophyllum
Acer macrophyllum, the bigleaf maple or Oregon maple, is a large deciduous tree in the genus Acer. It is native to western North America. In addition to uses by animals, it is of some culinary and woodworking interest.
National Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Protection Act of 2013
The National Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Protection Act of 2013 (H.R. 3696) is a bill that would amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to require the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to conduct cybersecurity activities on behalf of the federal government and would codify the role of DHS in preventing and responding to cybersecurity incidents involving the Information Technology (IT) systems of federal civilian agencies and critical infrastructure in the United States.

The bill was introduced in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Big-eared woodrat
The big-eared woodrat (Neotoma macrotis) is a nocturnal rodent of the woodrat genus Neotoma, in the family Cricetidae. Closely related to, and formerly included in the species Neotoma fuscipes, it is endemic to western North America and occurs west and south of the Salinas Valley from the California Coast Ranges south of Monterey Bay to northern Baja California, as well as in the Sierra Nevada, extending north to the South Fork American River.

The big-eared woodrat is light to dark brown in color, often with a lighter underside. It has characteristically large mobile ears, large eyes, and a long, fur covered tail. It is a primarily arboreal herbivore and functions as an important keystone species in oak and other forest ecosystems.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Central Queensland News
The Central Queensland News is an online newspaper located in Emerald, Queensland, Australia.

From 1937 to 2020, the CQ News was published as a print edition, providing coverage of local news and events from the Central Highlands and Isaac regions of Central Queensland.  Following the cessation of the print edition in June 2020, the newspaper has continued to provide news for these regions on its website.

The Central Queensland News is owned by News Corp Australia.

Isaac Region
The Isaac Region is a local government area located in Central Queensland, Queensland, Australia created in March 2008 as a result of the report of the Local Government Reform Commission released in July 2007.

In the 2021 census, the Isaac Region had a population of 22,046 people.
The Wolf Leader
The Wolf Leader is an English translation by Alfred Allinson of Le Meneur de loups, an 1857 dark fantasy novel by Alexandre Dumas. Allinson's translation was first published in London by Methuen in 1904 under the title The Wolf-Leader; the first American edition, edited and somewhat cut by L. Sprague de Camp and illustrated by Mahlon Blaine, was issued under the present title by Prime Press in 1950. The text was also serialized in eight parts in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in the issues for August 1931 to March 1932.

L. Sprague de Camp
Lyon Sprague de Camp (/ˌspreɪɡdəˈkæmp/; November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and non-fiction literature. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books,  including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s.
The Aspones
The Aspones (Portuguese: Os Aspones) is a Brazilian television sitcom that aired on Rede Globo from November 5 to December 17, 2004. It was created by Fernanda Young and Alexandre Machado. The series, which portrayed a group of white-collar workers at a governmental department lost in Brazilian bureaucracy in Brasília which actually has no function at all, starred Selton Mello, Andréa Beltrão, Pedro Paulo Rangel, Marisa Orth and Drica Moraes.  The show's title is a Portuguese blend word formed from the phrase "assessor de porra [or porcaria] nenhuma" (lit. 'legal advisor of nothing').

Fernanda Young
Fernanda Maria Young de Carvalho Machado (née Leite Young; 1 May 1970 – 25 August 2019), commonly known as Fernanda Young, was a Brazilian writer, screenwriter, television presenter, model and actress.
Catherine Wihtol de Wenden
Catherine Wihtol de Wenden (born 6 June 1950) is a French political scientist. She is the Research Director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and a senior researcher at the Institute for International Political Studies. Wihtol de Wenden specializes in migration studies. She is also an activist for the right to immigration in France.

Migration studies
Migration studies is the academic study of human migration. Migration studies is an interdisciplinary field which draws on anthropology, prehistory, history, economics, law, sociology and postcolonial studies.
Lisunov Li-2
The Lisunov Li-2 (NATO reporting name: Cab), originally designated PS-84, is a license-built Soviet version of the Douglas DC-3. It was produced by Factory #84 in Moscow-Khimki and, after the factory's evacuation in 1941, at the Tashkent Aviation Production Association in Tashkent. The project was directed by aeronautical engineer Boris Pavlovich Lisunov.

ShKAS machine gun
The ShKAS (Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny, Shpitalny-Komaritski rapid fire for aircraft; Russian: ШКАС - Шпитального-Комарицкого Авиационный Скорострельный) is a 7.62 mm calibre machine gun widely used by Soviet aircraft in the 1930s and during World War II. The ShKAS had the highest rate of fire of any aircraft machine gun in general service during WWII, around 1800 RPM. It was designed by Boris Shpitalniy and Irinarkh Komaritsky and entered production in 1934. ShKAS was used in the majority of Soviet fighters and bombers and served as the basis for the ShVAK cannon.
Foundation stock
Foundation stock or foundation bloodstock refers to animals that are the progenitors, or foundation, of a breed or of a given bloodline within such. Many modern breeds can be traced to specific, named foundation animals, but a group of animals may be referred to collectively as foundation bloodstock when one distinct population (including both landrace breeds or a group of animals linked to a deliberate and specific selective breeding program) provides part of the underlying genetic base for a new distinct population.

American Kennel Club
The American Kennel Club (AKC) is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit registry of purebred dog pedigrees in the United States. In addition to maintaining its pedigree registry, this kennel club also promotes and sanctions events for purebred dogs, including the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, an annual event which predates the official forming of the AKC, the National Dog Show and the AKC National Championship. The AKC is a non-member partner with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. The AKC fully recognizes 202 dog breeds, as of 2025.