hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concatenative programming language
A concatenative programming language is a point-free computer programming language in which all expressions denote functions, and the juxtaposition of expressions denotes function composition. Concatenative programming replaces function application, which is common in other programming paradigms, with function composition as the default way to build subroutines.

Function application
In mathematics, function application is the act of applying a function to an argument from its domain so as to obtain the corresponding value from its range. In this sense, function application can be thought of as the opposite of function abstraction.
Trainkos
Trainkos is a private railway company based in Kosovo that also serves as the national rail carrier of the country. Established in 2011 alongside Infrakos, the two companies are the successors of Kosovo Railways, a public company that was split up and privatized. Trainkos offers rail service for both passengers and freight.

Zvečan
Zvečan (Serbian Cyrillic: Звечан) or Zveçan (Albanian definite form: Zveçani) is a town and municipality located in the Mitrovica District in Kosovo. As of 2015, it has a population of 16,650 inhabitants. It covers an area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and consists of a town and 35 villages.

Zvečan is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority. According to the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality should become a part of the Community of Serb Municipalities once they are established.
Earth Defense Force: Iron Rain
Earth Defense Force: Iron Rain is a third-person shooter video game developed by Yuke's and published by D3 Publisher for the PlayStation 4. It is a spin-off of the Earth Defense Force series and, like the previous 2011 spin-off Earth Defense Force: Insect Armageddon, is geared more toward Western audiences, with a more serious tone compared to the main series by Sandlot. A Japanese release date was initially set for late 2018, but the game was delayed into 2019. It was released simultaneously worldwide on April 11, 2019, to mixed but generally positive reviews.

D3 Publisher
D3 Publisher Inc. is a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded on February 5, 1992. The company is known for the Simple series of budget-priced video games. Their games have been released for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, GameCube, Wii, Xbox, Xbox 360, Wii U, Android, and iOS.
Ronald Lengkeek
Ronald Lengkeek (born 14 September 1960) is a Dutch former footballer who played all of his career for Sparta Rotterdam.

He also had one appearance for the Netherlands Under-21 team.

He played mostly as a striker but could also play right-wing and attacking midfield.

Sparta Rotterdam
Sparta Rotterdam (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈspɑrtaː ˌrɔtərˈdɑm]) is a Dutch professional football club based in Rotterdam. Established on 1 April 1888, Sparta Rotterdam is the oldest professional football team in the Netherlands.

Sparta currently competes in the Eredivisie, the top flight of Dutch professional football, which they have won six times, having earned promotion from the Eerste Divisie in 2018–19. The club is one of three professional football clubs from Rotterdam, the others being Excelsior (est. 1902) and Feyenoord (est. 1908).
Piano Concerto (Schumann)
The Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 54, by the German Romantic composer Robert Schumann was completed in 1845 and is the composer's only piano concerto. The complete work was premiered in Dresden on 4 December 1845. It is one of the most widely performed and recorded piano concertos from the Romantic period.

The autograph manuscript of the concerto is preserved in the Heinrich Heine Institute in Düsseldorf.

D minor
D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B♭, and C. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major.

The D natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Bars-Hot
Bars-Hot or Kherlen Bars (Mongolian: Хэрлэн Барс) was a city built by the Khitan people in the basin of the Kherlen River in Tsagaan-Ovoo, Dornod Province, Mongolia. During the Liao dynasty it was called Hedong City (Chinese: 河董城). It occupied an area of 1.6 by 1.8 kilometres and was surrounded with mud walls, which are today 4 metres thick and 1.5–2 metres high.

Kherlen River
Kherlen River (also known as Kerülen; Mongolian: Хэрлэн гол; Chinese: 克鲁伦河; pinyin: Kèlǔlún hé) is a 1,254 km river in Mongolia and China. It is also one of the two longest rivers in Mongolia, along with the Orkhon River.
Shoshone pupfish
The Shoshone pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone) is a subspecies of Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis) from California in the United States. They are spring-dwelling fish, endemic to Shoshone Springs on the outskirts of Shoshone, Inyo County, California. In 1969, the Shoshone pupfish was declared extinct until their eventual rediscovery by a team of biologists during a survey of Shoshone Springs in 1986. Currently, they are listed as endangered by the American Fisheries Society and are a species of special concern according to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Several stocks of the fish are being cultivated in captivity at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and University of California, Davis for reintroduction into the Shoshone Spring. Today, people pass through the town of Shoshone to visit the spring site and view the rare pupfish, where some infographics and signs educate visitors about them.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
José Agostinho Sequeira
José Agostinho Sequeira (born 7 June 1959), also known by his nom de guerre Somotxo Matar Mimiraka, is an East Timorese politician and former guerilla, and a member of the Fretilin political party. In 2006–2007, he was Vice Minister of Interior, and in 2017–2018 he was Minister for Defence and Security. Since 2018, he has been a Member of the National Parliament.

National Parliament of Timor-Leste
The National Parliament (Tetum: Parlamentu Nasionál, Portuguese: Parlamento Nacional) is the unicameral national legislature in Timor-Leste. It was created in 2001 as the Constituent Assembly while the country was still administered by the United Nations, but renamed itself to the National Parliament with the attaining of national independence on 20 May 2002.
Huai Pha
Huai Pha (Thai: ห้วยผา) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Mueang Mae Hong Son District, in Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 6,249 people. The tambon contains nine villages.

Mae Hong Son province
Mae Hong Son province Thai: แม่ฮ่องสอน, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.hɔ̂ŋ.sɔ̌ːn],  (Northern Thai: ᨾᩯ᩵ᩁᩬ᩵ᨦᩈᩬᩁ, Burmese: မဲဟောင်ဆောင်, Shan: မႄႈႁွင်ႈသွၼ်), formerly called Mae Rong Son), also spelled Maehongson, Mae Hong Sorn or Maehongsorn, is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper northern Thailand and is the westernmost province. Neighboring provinces are (clockwise from north) Shan State of Myanmar, Chiang Mai and Tak. To the west, the province borders Kayin State and Kayah State of Myanmar.
Mae Hong Son's nickname is "the city of three mists". It is hemmed in by the high mountain ranges of the Shan Hills and is the most mountainous province in Thailand, occupying 12,765 square kilometres (4,929 sq mi). The province is often covered with mist. Mae Hong Son town was originally established in the early 19th century as an elephant training camp as ordered by the then King of Chiang Mai.
As of 2012, Mae Hong Son was the poorest province in Thailand.
2004 Atlantic Championship
The 2004 Toyota Atlantic Championship season was contested over 12 rounds. 11 different teams and 24 different drivers competed. In this one-make formula all drivers had to utilize Swift chassis and Toyota engines. This season also saw a C2-class running older Swift chassis and Toyota engines. In C2-class five different drivers competed, but none of them for the whole season. The Toyota Atlantic Championship Presented by Yokohama Drivers' Champion was Jon Fogarty driving for Pacific Coast Motorsports.

Swift Engineering
Swift Engineering is an American engineering firm that builds autonomous systems, helicopters, submarines, spacecraft, ground vehicles, robotics, and composite parts. The chairman and CEO is Hiro Matsushita, a former racecar driver and grandson of the founder of Panasonic, Konosuke Matsushita.

Swift used to produce racing cars for open-wheel racing series including Formula Ford, Formula Atlantic, the Champ Car World Series and Formula Nippon.
They company has designed and manufactured over 500 race cars.

Swift is certified to AS9100, ISO 14001 and ISO 27000.
Shahidabad-e Saruk
Shahidabad-e Saruk (Persian: شهيدابادسروك, also romanized as Shahīdābād-e Sarūk) is a village in Nazil Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 10 families.

Nazil Rural District
Nazil Rural District (Persian: دهستان نازيل) is in Nazil District of Taftan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bahrabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Nazil.
Vaidatoniai
Vaidatoniai (formerly Polish: Wojdotany, Russian: Войдатаны) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 53 people. It is located 7 km from Kėdainiai, by the Kruostas river, nearby the Kalnaberžė Forest. There are a cemetery, former school in Vaidatoniai, also a hillfort next to Mociūnai village.

Kėdainiai
Kėdainiai (Lithuanian: [kʲeːˈdâːɪ.nʲɛɪ̯ˑ] ⓘ) is a city in Lithuania. It is located on the banks of the Nevėžis river 45 km (28 mi) north of  Kaunas, Lithuania's second largest city. One of the oldest settlements in the country, Kėdainiai was first mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, and became a city in 1590. Its population as of 2022 was 23,051. The Kėdainiai Old Town dates to the 17th century and many of its historical buildings were preserved.

The town is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of Lithuania is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai in the eldership of Dotnuva.

Other smaller villages circle the territory in a distance of five miles or a little further from the St. George's Church of Kėdainiai — Lančiūnava, Kapliai, Labūnava, Josvainiai, Dotnuva, and Kalnaberžė.
Sergei Starostin
Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin (Russian: Серге́й Анато́льевич Ста́ростин; March 24, 1953 – September 30, 2005) was a Russian historical linguist and philologist, perhaps best known for his reconstructions of hypothetical proto-languages, including his work on the controversial Altaic theory, the formulation of the Dené–Caucasian hypothesis, and the proposal of a Borean language family of still earlier date. None of his proposed macrofamilies have seen wide-scale acceptance in the linguistic community and are mostly seen as implausible.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
MCEF
MCEF or Major Cdk9-interacting elongation factor is a transcription factor related to Af4.  It is the fourth member of the Af4 family (AFF) of transcription factors, involved in numerous pathologies, including Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), abnormal CNS development, breast cancer and azoospermia.

Because it apparently interacts with the species-specific human co-factor (P-TEFb) for HIV-1 transcription, and because it can repress HIV-1 replication, MCEF (also known as AFF4 or AF5q31) may have future therapeutic uses.

MCEF was originally cloned and named by Mario Clemente Estable of Ryerson University, while he was a post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Robert G. Roeder, at the Rockefeller University.

Elongation factor
Elongation factors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during protein synthesis, to facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first to the last peptide bond of a growing polypeptide. Most common elongation factors in prokaryotes are EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G. Bacteria and eukaryotes use elongation factors that are largely homologous to each other, but with distinct structures and different research nomenclatures.

Elongation is the most rapid step in translation. In bacteria, it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 45-60 nucleotides per second). In eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second (about 6 nucleotides read per second). Elongation factors play a role in orchestrating the events of this process, and in ensuring the high accuracy translation at these speeds.
Belgorodskoye, Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Belgorodskoye (Russian: Белгородское) is a rural locality (a selo) in Smidovichsky District, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia. Population:  535 (2010 census); 538 (2002 census);  There are 13 streets in this selo.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan.

The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934. At its height, in the late 1940s, the Jewish population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population. Since then, the share of Jews steadily declined, and according to the 2021 Russian census, there were only 837 ethnic Jews left in the JAO (0.6%).

Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia provides that the JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast. It is one of two officially Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being Israel. It is one of the few places in the world where Yiddish is a recognized minority language.
Minister for Women and Gender Equality
The minister for women and gender equality (French: ministre des femmes et de l’égalité des genres) is the minister of the Crown responsible for the Department for Women and Gender Equality. The minister is a member of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the Canadian Cabinet.

Rechie Valdez has been minister for women and gender equality since May 13, 2025. The minister is selected by the prime minister and appointed by the Crown. The position was created in 2018, when Women and Gender Equality Canada became a standalone department. The precursor to the role was the minister of status of women, which was at various times was held by a secretary of state or minister of state.

Minister of the Crown
Minister of the Crown is a formal constitutional term used in Commonwealth realms to describe a minister of the reigning sovereign or viceroy. The term indicates that the minister serves at His Majesty's pleasure, and advises the sovereign or viceroy on how to exercise the Crown prerogatives relating to the minister's department or ministry.
Widerstrom
Widerstrom or Widerström is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jennifer Widerstrom (born 1982), American fitness model and personal trainer

Karolina Widerström (1856–1949), Swedish doctor and gynecologist

Pontus Widerström (born 1994), Swedish ice hockey player

Pontus Widerström
Pontus Widerström (born May 19, 1994) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for Färjestad BK of the Swedish Hockey League. He previously played with EV Zug of the National League (NL).

Widerström made his debut with Frölunda HC during the 2012 European Trophy.
US Naval Ordnance Testing Facility Control Tower
US Naval Ordnance Testing Facility Control Tower is a historic building located at Topsail Island, Pender County, North Carolina. It was built in 1946 by Kellex Corporation, and is a reinforced concrete frame measuring 16 feet by 16 feet and 30 feet high. The building was purchased for civilian purposes in 1957 and a flat roof replaced a formerly open platform on the top level. It was erected to serve as commend headquarters for "Operation Bumblebee."

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Pender County, North Carolina
Pender County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 60,203. Its county seat is Burgaw. Pender County is part of the Wilmington, NC metropolitan statistical area.
Piero Marchesi
Piero Marchesi (born 19 September 1981) is a Swiss businessman and politician. He currently serves as a member of the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party since 2019. He previously served on the municipal council and mayor of Monteggio. In 2019 he was elected into the Cantonal Council of Ticino but did not take office due to his success in the 2019 Swiss federal election. Since 2021, he additionally serves as mayor of Tresa.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Sunil Kumar Sharma (Jammu and Kashmir politician)
Sunil Kumar Sharma is an Indian politician from Kishtwar area of Jammu and Kashmir who is currently serving as the Leader of Opposition in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. He is the member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Sharma was a member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly from the Kishtwar constituency in Kishtwar District. He won the 2024 elections from Padder-Nagseni. Before 2018, he was Minister of State for Transport (Independent charge), Revenue, Public Works (Roads & Buildings), Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Agriculture Production, YSS in Government of Jammu and Kashmir under Mehbooba Mufti.

He was upgraded to cabinet ministry PDD department in Jammu and Kashmir government.

Following 2024 Assembly Elections, he was elected as Leader of Opposition of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly by his party .

Padder–Nagseni Assembly constituency
Padder–Nagseni Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Paddar is also part of Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency.
183 series
The 183 series (183系, 183-kei) was a Japanese limited express electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1972 by Japanese National Railways (JNR). Following the privatization of JNR, the 183 series was operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and West Japan Railway Company (JR-West). In terms of design, it is closely based on the late-model AC/DC 485 series, with minor cosmetic differences and DC-only drive. The last 189 series sets were withdrawn on 29 March 2019.

The trains were built by Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Nippon Sharyo, and Tokyu Car Corporation.

Kinki Sharyo
Kinki Sharyo Co., Ltd. (近畿車輛株式会社, Kinki Sharyō kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese manufacturer of railroad vehicles based in Osaka. It is an affiliate company of Kintetsu Corporation. In business since 1920 as Tanaka Rolling Stock Works, and renamed The Kinki Sharyo Co., Ltd in 1945, they produce rolling stock for numerous transportation agencies, ranging from Shinkansen high-speed trains to light rail vehicles. Kinki Sharyo is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange as TYO: 7122.
¿Dónde Jugarán las Niñas?
¿Dónde Jugarán las Niñas? is the first studio album by Mexican rock band Molotov, released in 1997 by Surco Records. The album's title, literally "Where Will The Girls Play?", is a pun on Maná's ¿Dónde Jugarán los Niños? and is also intended as a sexual double-entendre underpinned by the risqué cover featuring a young woman's legs seductively displayed in school uniform.

The album's opening track, "Que no te haga bobo Jacobo", refers to Jacobo Zabludovsky, newscaster of Televisa who is portrayed in the song as being biased and unreliable.

Double entendre
A double entendre (plural double entendres) is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to have a double meaning, one of which is typically obvious, and the other often conveys a message that would be too socially unacceptable, or offensive to state directly.

A double entendre may exploit puns or word play to convey the second meaning. Double entendres generally rely on multiple meanings of words, or different interpretations of the same primary meaning. They often exploit ambiguity and may be used to introduce it deliberately in a text.  Sometimes a homophone can be used as a pun.  When three or more meanings have been constructed, this is known as a "triple entendre", etc.
Frank Vollertsen
Frank Vollertsen (born 13 August 1958) is a German scientist and the director of the "Bremer Institut für angewandte Strahltechnik" (BIAS).

He is the recipient of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, awarded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) in 2002.

German Research Foundation
The German Research Foundation (German: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈfɔʁʃʊŋsɡəˌmaɪnʃaft]; abbr. DFG [ˌdeːʔɛfˈɡeː]) is a German research funding organization, which functions as a self-governing institution for the promotion of science and research in the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2019, the DFG had a funding budget of €3.3 billion.