hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blackwell, County Durham
Blackwell is a suburb in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It is situated towards the edge of the West End of Darlington, beside the River Tees. Blackwell consists of large 1930s style semi-detached and detached houses, and private, newly built homes. Blackwell Grange is an 18th-century country house converted into a hotel.

Its sports facilities include Blackwell Grange Golf Club, and Blackwell Meadows, home of Darlington RFC and Darlington AFC.

Darlington RFC
Darlington RFC are a rugby union team that are situated in the north east town of Darlington, County Durham. They play at Blackwell Meadows on the south side of the town running parallel to the town's A66 by-pass. The first XV plays in Counties 1 Durham & Northumberland.

The club also runs a highly successful youth and mini rugby tournament every year Darlington Festival, traditionally on May bank holiday weekend. This is attended by teams from across the north of England and Scotland.
Súria
Súria (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsuɾiə]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Bages in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the valley of the Cardener river between Manresa and Cardona. The area is best known for its deposits of potassium salts, which are exploited commercially and exported with trucks directly to all around the European continent or served to Martorell to receive chemical treatment by a dedicated railway line (there are passenger rail services between Martorell and Manresa, but there are none between Manresa and Súria, separated only by 14.3 km of distance). The Old Town, at the foot of the castle, has preserved much of its medieval structure. The municipality is linked to Manresa and to Cardona and Solsona by the C-1410 road.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Laguna's 3rd congressional district
Laguna's 3rd congressional district is one of the seven congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Laguna. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district consists of the city of San Pablo and adjacent municipalities of Alaminos, Calauan, Liliw, Nagcarlan, Rizal and Victoria bordering Batangas and Quezon also facing the province of Rizal. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Loreto S. Amante of the Lakas–CMD.

Alaminos, Laguna
Alaminos, officially the Municipality of Alaminos (Tagalog: Bayan ng Alaminos),  is a municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 53,589 people.
Ernest G. Irish
Ernest George Irish (November 27, 1894 – June 27, 1955) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Pictou County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1941 to 1945. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Born in 1894 at Afton, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Irish was a hotel owner and manager. He married Margaret Mare Wilkes in 1920. Irish entered provincial politics in 1941, when he was elected in the dual-member Pictou County riding with Liberal Josiah H. MacQuarrie. In the 1945 election, Irish was defeated by both Liberal candidates, MacQuarrie and Alfred B. DeWolfe. Irish attempted to enter federal politics in the 1949 federal election, but was defeated as the Progressive Conservative candidate by Liberal incumbent Henry Byron McCulloch in the Pictou riding. Irish died at Pictou on June 27, 1955.

Pictou (provincial electoral district)
Pictou was a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that, at the time of its dissolution, elected two members to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. It existed from 1867 to 1949, at which time Pictou County was divided into the three electoral districts of: Pictou East, Pictou West, and Pictou Centre.

Prior to 1933, Pictou elected three members to the Nova Scotia Legislature.
Kosmos 1851
Kosmos 1851 (Russian: Космос 1851 meaning Cosmos 1851) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1987 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1851 was launched from Site 43/4 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 07:40 UTC on 12 June 1987. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1987-050A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 18103.

Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards. They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact.

To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the communities at risk, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, effectively disseminate alerts, and warnings and ensure there is constant state of preparedness. A complete and effective early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis, monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and a response capability.
Pyxine katendei
Pyxine katendei is a species of corticolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in East Africa, it was scientifically described as a new species in 1975 by lichenologists Dougal Swinscow and Hildur Krog. The lichen has a whitish to pale grey thallus that is tightly appressed to its substrate. The lobes comprising the thallus are somewhat convex; they lack pseudocyphellae (tiny pores for air exchange), and have sparse pruina. The thallus underside is black; the internal medulla is white. The lichen contains triterpenoid compounds as well as lichexanthone; the latter substance causes the lichen to fluoresce when lit with a long-wavelength UV light.

Pyxine katendei is only known to occur in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya, where it is common on trees and shrubs, typically in sunny locations, and at elevations ranging between 1,000 to 2,100 m (3,300 to 6,900 ft).

Hildur Krog
Hildur Krog (22 March 1922 – 25 August 2014) was a Norwegian lichenologist and university professor who made contributions to the field of lichenology, particularly in the areas of lichen taxonomy, chemotaxonomy, and floristics.
State of Maryland State Service Medal
The State of Maryland State Service Medal (formerly the Maryland National Guard State Service Medal) is an award bestowed on those who have served five years continuously in any branch of the Maryland Military Department. The Maltese cross is marked with bottony devices to indicate each additional five years of continuous service up to fifty, which is marked with two gold bottonees.

Maltese cross
The Maltese cross (also the Amalfi cross) is a cross symbol, consisting of four "V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles,  two tips pointing outward symmetrically.

It is a heraldic cross variant which developed from earlier forms of eight-pointed crosses in the 16th century. Although chiefly associated with the Knights Hospitaller (Order of St. John, now the Sovereign Military Order of Malta), and by extension with the island of Malta, it has come to be used by a wide array of entities since the early modern period,
notably the Order of Saint Stephen,  the city of Amalfi, the Polish Order of the White Eagle (1709), the Prussian order Pour le Mérite (1740), and the Bavarian Military Merit Order (1866).

Unicode defines a character named "Maltese cross" in the Dingbats range at code point U+2720 (✠); however, most computer fonts render the code point as a cross pattée.
Christina Rogberg
Christina Gustava Lovisa Rogberg (26 October 1832, in Stockholm – 22 December 1907, in Stockholm) was a Swedish author and courtier.

She was the daughter of Olof Erland Rogberg (1787–1863), chaplain of the Swedish court.  She was appointed kammarfru (ladies' maid) to Queen Désirée Clary in 1857, and to the same position in the household of Queen Louise in 1862.  She became Louise's favorite and confidant.  In 1869, she was promoted to the post of lectrice or reader to Louise, who was a published translator.

She is best remembered as the author of a book about her life at court, Strödda anteckningar ur drottning Lovisas lif ('Scattered Notes from the life of Queen Louise'), which was published in 1873.

Louise of the Netherlands
Louise of the Netherlands (Wilhelmina Frederika Alexandrine Anna Louise; 5 August 1828 – 30 March 1871), also called Lovisa, was Queen of Sweden and Norway from 8 July 1859 until her death in 1871 as the wife of King Charles XV & IV.
Ledyard, Connecticut
Ledyard (/ˈlɛdʒɜːrd/ LEH-jerd) is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States, located along the Thames River. The town is named after Colonel William Ledyard, a Revolutionary War officer who was killed at the Battle of Groton Heights. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 15,413 at the 2020 census. The Foxwoods Resort Casino, owned and operated by the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe, is located in the northeastern section of Ledyard, on the reservation owned by the tribe.

Ledyard's zip code is 06339. Within the southwestern area of Ledyard is the district known as Gales Ferry, which has the postal code 06335. In the northeast is Mashantucket, with the postal code 06338.

Thames River (Connecticut)
The Thames River (/θeɪmz/ THAYMZ) is a short river and tidal estuary in the state of Connecticut. It flows south for 15 miles (24 km) through eastern Connecticut from the junction of the Yantic River and Shetucket River at Norwich, Connecticut, to New London and Groton, Connecticut, which flank its mouth at Long Island Sound. The Thames River watershed includes a number of smaller basins and the 80-mile (130 km) long Quinebaug River, which rises in southern Massachusetts and joins the Shetucket River about four miles northeast of Norwich.
Addobbati
Addobbati is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aldo Addobbati, Italian film producer

Andrea Addobbati (born 1964), Italian historian

Giuseppe Addobbati (1909–1986), Italian film actor

Mario Addobbati, Italian who appeared in a small uncredited role in King Vidor's War and Peace (1956)

Pierino Addobbati, minor character in Wu Ming's novel 54

Cavalieri Addobbati, name for Italian knights, also known as Cavalieri di Corredo

Ana Addobbati, Brazilian journalist, founder of Women Friendly, initiative that tackles sexual harassment in corporations

Raphaello Addobbati, Italian who migrated to Brazil and founded the Yolanda factories, first industry of the northeast Region, which plant was located in Recife. Also, presided the football club Sport Clube do Recife

Aldo Addobbati
Aldo Addobbati was an Italian film producer. In 1968 he produced Gianfranco Parolini's Se incontri Sartana prega per la tua morte, a western starring Gianni Garko, William Berger, Fernando Sancho and Klaus Kinski. He followed this by producing another of Parolini's and Kinski's in 1969 with the war picture 5 per l'inferno and he also co-produced the western Sono Sartana, il vostro becchino with Paolo Moffa. The film was directed by Giuliano Carnimeo and starred Gianni Garko.
Mkhitar Sebastatsi
Mkhitar Sebastatsi (Armenian: Մխիթար Սեբաստացի), anglicized: Mekhitar of Sebaste, Italian: Mechitar (17 February 1676 – 27 April 1749) was an Armenian Catholic monk, scholar and theologian who founded the Mekhitarist Order, which has been based on San Lazzaro island near Venice since 1717.

The Armenian historian Stepanos Nazarian described him as the "second Mesrop Mashtots". The cause for his beatification was opened after his death; as such, he is termed a Servant of God.

Mesrop Mashtots
Mesrop Mashtots (listenⓘ; Armenian: Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց, romanized: Mesrop Maštoc' 362 – 17 February 440 AD) was an  Armenian linguist, composer, theologian, statesman, and hymnologist. He is venerated as a saint in the Armenian Apostolic Church.

He is best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet c. 405 AD, which was a fundamental step in strengthening Armenian national identity. He is also considered to be the creator of the Caucasian Albanian and, possibly, the Georgian script, though it is disputed.
TRNA (cytidine32/uridine32-2'-O)-methyltransferase
TRNA (cytidine32/uridine32-2'-O)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.200, YfhQ, tRNA:Cm32/Um32 methyltransferase, TrMet(Xm32), TrmJ) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (cytidine32/uridine32-2'-O)-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytidine32 in tRNA  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine32 in tRNA

(2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine32 in tRNA  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methyluridine32 in tRNA

In Escherichia coli YfhQ is the only methyltransferase responsible for the formation of 2'-O-methylcytidine32 in tRNA.

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is the biosynthetic precursor to homocysteine.  SAH is formed by the demethylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Adenosylhomocysteinase converts SAH into homocysteine and adenosine.
Art Hanger
Arthur Hanger (born February 19, 1943) is a Canadian politician.

Hanger is a former member of the Conservative Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada, having represented the riding of Calgary Northeast from 1993 until his retirement in 2008. He was elected as a member of the Reform Party of Canada (1993–2000) and the Canadian Alliance (2000–2003) before the present-day Conservatives were re-formed. Born in Three Hills, Alberta, Hanger is a former officer of the Calgary Police Service.

Hanger became the Vice President for Policy of the Republican Party of Alberta, advocating for Alberta independence.

Republican Party of Alberta
The Republican Party of Alberta is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 2022 as the Buffalo Party of Alberta and adopted its current name in February 2025. The party supports a binding referendum on Alberta independence and a subsequent non-binding referendum on joining the United States.
Volunteer Shield
The Volunteer Shield was a trophy awarded to the primary supporter group of the Tennessean club in the National Premier Soccer League with the best head-to-head record. It was inaugurated in 2015, and awarded retroactively to Chattanooga FC for the best record during the 2014 season. The shield derives its name from the state's nickname, the "Volunteer State," and is made of Tulip Poplar, the official state tree of Tennessee.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
Ephraim Kapolo
Ephraim Kamati Andjengo Kapolo (1924–1967) was a Namibian activist who participated in the pre-independence movement. He was one of the early members of the Ovamboland People's Organization. Kapolo was an active and founding member of the South West Africa Liberation Army (SWALA), the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), at the beginning of the Namibian War of Independence.

Ovamboland People's Organization
The Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO) was a nationalist organization that existed between 1959 and 1960 in South West Africa (present day Namibia). The aim of the organization was to end the South African colonial administration, and the placement of South West Africa under the United Nations Trusteeship system. Andimba Toivo ya Toivo had founded its predecessor, the Ovamboland People's Congress, in 1957 in Cape Town, South Africa. In 1959, Sam Nujoma and Jacob Kuhangua established the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO) at the Old Location in Windhoek. Sam Nujoma was the president of OPO until its transformation into the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) a year later and remained president until Namibia gained independence in 1990.
Hopp
Hopp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ceci Hopp (born c. 1963), American track and field athlete

Dietmar Hopp (born 1940), German entrepreneur

Doris Hopp (1930–1998), Swedish brothel madam

Gerhard Hopp (born 1981), German politician

Hanns Hopp (1890–1971), German architect

Johnny Hopp (1916–2003), American baseball player

Karl-Heinz Hopp (1936–2007), German rower

Kristof Hopp (born 1978), German badminton player

Lisa Hopp (born 1956), American academic

Max Hopp (born 1996), German darts player

Odd Hopp (1913-2001), Norwegian Scout leader

Zinken Hopp (1905–1987), Norwegian writer

Zinken Hopp
Signe Marie "Zinken" Hopp, née Brochmann (9 January 1905 – 3 September 1987) was a Norwegian writer, poet, playwright. She wrote in several genres: cultural-historical books, poems and travel stories. She translated children's books and was a theater reviewer for Aftenposten from 1947 to 1971. She is best known for writing children's books, especially Trollkrittet (1948).
Timeline of the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway
This is a timeline of the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway and its direct predecessors. It also contains important events which impacted the railroad such as financial panics and other nearby railroads' major events.

Delaware Otsego Corporation
The Delaware Otsego Corporation (DO) is an American railroad holding company that is headquartered in Cooperstown, New York. The company was established in 1965 as the Delaware Otsego Railroad by Walter G. Rich, and they began to specialize in reactivating abandoned branch lines as profitable short line railroads throughout New York and New Jersey. They were collectively known as the DO System.

Their largest subsidiary is the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway (NYS&W), and reorganizing them expanded DO's status from a short line company to a regional railroad network. Since 1997, DO has been owned by DO Acquisition LLC. As of 2024, the NYS&W and the Central New York Railroad are DO's only remaining subsidiaries.
Raphael Rakowski
Raphael Rakowski (born Richard; 1952) is an American entrepreneur and investor. He has had a 45-year career in sales, engineering consulting, and entrepreneurial start-ups in health care services and renewable energy. He is a public speaker and advocate for changes to the American health care system. He is the subject of a documentary film examining the effects of the Holocaust on his childhood.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Somite
The somites (outdated term: primitive segments) are a set of bilaterally paired blocks of paraxial mesoderm that form in the embryonic stage of somitogenesis, along the head-to-tail axis in segmented animals. In vertebrates, somites subdivide into the 
dermatomes, myotomes, 
sclerotomes and syndetomes that give rise to the vertebrae of the vertebral column, rib cage, part of the occipital bone, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and skin (of the back).

The word somite is sometimes also used in place of the word metamere. In this definition, the somite is a homologously-paired structure in an animal body plan, such as is visible in annelids and arthropods.

Body plan
A body plan, Bauplan (pl. German: Baupläne), or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals. The vertebrates share one body plan, while invertebrates have many.

This term, usually applied to animals, envisages a "blueprint" encompassing aspects such as symmetry, layers, segmentation, nerve, limb, and gut disposition. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to explain the origins of diverse body plans.

Body plans have historically been considered to have evolved in a flash in the Ediacaran biota; filling the Cambrian explosion with the results, and a more nuanced understanding of animal evolution suggests gradual development of body plans throughout the early Palaeozoic. Recent studies in animals and plants started to investigate whether evolutionary constraints on body plan structures can explain the presence of developmental constraints during embryogenesis such as the phenomenon referred to as phylotypic stage.
Tazerwalt
Tazerwalt (Arabic: تزروالت, Tachelhit: ⵜⴰⵥⵔⵡⴰⵍⵜ; also spelled Tazeroualt) is a historical region located in the south of Morocco, from which an independent state arose in the 17th century. Governed from its capital of Iligh in the Anti-Atlas mountains, the state of Tazerwalt at its height extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Touat region in modern-day Algeria, controlling commerce across much of the Sahara.

Anti-Atlas
The Anti-Atlas, also known as Lesser Atlas or Little Atlas, is a mountain range in Morocco, a part of the Atlas Mountains in the northwest of Africa. The Anti-Atlas extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest toward the northeast, to the heights of Ouarzazate and further east to the city of Tafilalt, altogether a distance of approximately 500 km. The range borders on the Sahara to the south.

In some contexts, the Anti-Atlas is considered separate from the Atlas Mountains system, as the prefix "anti" (i.e. opposite) implies.
November 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 24 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 26

All fixed commemorations below are observed on December 8 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 25, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 12.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.