hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bothrocophias tulitoi
Bothrocophias tulitoi is a species of venomous pit viper found in Colombia. It is named in honour of Professor Tulio Manuel Angarita Serrano, father of Angarita-Sierra and advocate for rights in education in Colombia, known as Tulito by his colleagues, friends, and relatives.

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
Drugnia Rządowa
Drugnia Rządowa [ˈdruɡɲa ʐɔnˈdɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pierzchnica, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Pierzchnica and 29 km (18 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Pierzchnica
Pierzchnica [pjɛʂxˈnit͡sa] is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) of Gmina Pierzchnica. It lies in historic Lesser Poland, approximately 23 km (14 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Tavşanlı, Yalova
Tavşanlı is a town (belde) in the Altınova District, Yalova Province, Turkey. Its population is 4,118 (2022). It is situated in the northern portion of Armutlu Peninsula. The distance to Altınova is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and to Yalova is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi). The ferry dock is only 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to Tavşanlı  and the picnik places around the town can easily by reached in daily tours from Istanbul. Fruit and vegetable farming as well as floriculture are the main sources of revenue of the town.

Yalova Province
Yalova Province (Turkish: Yalova ili) is a province in northwestern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara. Its adjacent provinces are Bursa to the south and Kocaeli to the east. Its area is 798 km2 (making it the smallest province of Turkey), and its population is 296,333 (2022). Prior to 1930, the area around Yalova constituted a district of Kocaeli Province; from 1930 to 1995, it was part of Istanbul Province; in 1995, the area was separated and made into the current Yalova Province. The provincial capital is the city of Yalova.
Fateh Bahadur Kushwaha
Fateh Bahadur Singh commonly known as Fateh Bahadur Kushwaha is a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly for the 17th Bihar Assembly. He was elected as a candidate of Rashtriya Janata Dal from the Dehri Assembly constituency of Rohtas district. In the 2020 Assembly elections, he defeated Satyanarayan Singh of Bhartiya Janata Party, who was his nearest political rival.

Dehri Assembly constituency
Dehri Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar. It comes under Karakat lok sabha constituency. In 2020 Fateh Bahadur Singh of Rashtriya Janata Dal defeated Satyanarayan Singh of Bharatiya Janata Party to emerge victorious.
One November Yankee
One November Yankee is a play by American writer Josh Ravetch. It was first performed at The Pasadena Playhouse as a workshop production with Robert Forster and Loretta Swit as part of their Hot House Series before opening at The NoHo Arts Center in 2012. The play starred two time Emmy winner, and TV's Hot Lips Houlihan from M*A*S*H*, Loretta Swit, and LA Law's Harry Hamlin. The set was designed by Dana Moran Williams. The film rights were picked up by Pam Williams Productions as a feature film for Ravetch to adapt and direct.

Pasadena Playhouse
Pasadena Playhouse is a Tony Award-winning historic performing arts venue located at 39 S. El Molino Avenue in Pasadena, California. The 686-seat auditorium produces a variety of cultural and artistic events, professional shows, and community engagements each year.
1878 Kanak revolt
The Great Kanak Revolt of 1878 is the term commonly used to describe the insurrection of the Kanak people in 1878 in New Caledonia, with the iconic figure of the great chief of Komalé, Ataï. The Kanaks refer to it as the War of Ataï.

La Foa
La Foa (French: [la fwa] ⓘ, Xârâcùù: Foha) is a commune in the South Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean.

Although the provincial seat of the South Province is in Nouméa, La Foa was made the chief town of the administrative subdivision of the South in order to counterbalance the overwhelming weight of Nouméa in New Caledonia. Both entities share an almost identical territory, but their status and role is quite different: the South Province, with its provincial assembly in Nouméa, is a full political division, whereas the administrative subdivision of the South is only an administrative division of the French central state, akin to an arrondissement of Metropolitan France, with a Deputy Commissioner of the Republic (commissaire délégué de la République), akin to a subprefect of metropolitan France, in residence in La Foa.
Arcellinida
Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida, Arcellacean or lobose testate amoebae are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell).

Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water. They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae.

Plant litter
Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall, or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that has fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O-horizon ("O" for "organic"). Litter is an important factor in ecosystem dynamics, as it is indicative of ecological productivity and may be useful in predicting regional nutrient cycling and soil fertility.
Ciechanowice
Ciechanowice [t͡ɕɛxanɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Marciszów, within Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is situated on the Bóbr River.

Bóbr
The Bóbr (Polish pronunciation: [ˈbubr] ⓘ; Czech: Bobr; German: Bober [ˈboːbɐ] ⓘ) is a river which flows through the north of the Czech Republic and the southwest of Poland. It is a left tributary of the Oder. Its Polish name translates directly to 'beaver'.
Anti-gravity
Anti-gravity is the concept of a force that would exactly oppose the force of gravity. Under the known laws of physics, anti-gravity is impossible except possibly between matter and antimatter. Experimental measurements rule out repulsion between antihydrogen and the mass of the Earth.

Anti-gravity does not refer to either the lack of weight under gravity experienced in free fall or orbit, or to balancing the force of gravity with some other force, such as electromagnetism, aerodynamic lift, or ion-propelled "lifters", which fly in the air by moving air with electromagnetic fields.

Anti-gravity is a recurring concept in science fiction.

Antihydrogen
Antihydrogen (H) is the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. Whereas the common hydrogen atom is composed of an electron and proton, the antihydrogen atom is made up of a positron and antiproton. Scientists hope that studying antihydrogen may shed light on the question of why there is more matter than antimatter in the observable universe, known as the baryon asymmetry problem. Antihydrogen is produced artificially in particle accelerators.
Ostrołęka, Pajęczno County
Ostrołęka [ɔstrɔˈwɛŋka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulmierzyce, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Sulmierzyce, 10 km (6 mi) east of Pajęczno, and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Pajęczno County
Pajęczno County (Polish: powiat pajęczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pajęczno, which lies 78 kilometres (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Działoszyn, lying 10 km (6 mi) west of Pajęczno.

The county covers an area of 804.14 square kilometres (310.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 53,395, out of which the population of Pajęczno is 6,674, that of Działoszyn is 6,276, and the rural population is 40,445.
Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide
Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium, sold under the brand name Trimbow among others, is an inhalable fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It contains beclometasone dipropionate, formoterol fumarate dihydrate, and glycopyrronium bromide.

Side effects include oral candidiasis (a fungal infection of the mouth caused by a yeast called Candida), muscle spasms and dry mouth.

Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium was authorized for use in the European Union in July 2017, and in April 2018.

Formoterol
Formoterol, also known as eformoterol, is a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol has an extended duration of action (up to 12 h) compared to short-acting β2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), which are effective for 4 h to 6 h. Formoterol has a relatively rapid onset of action compared to other LABAs, and is effective within 2-3 minutes. The 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma report  recommends a combination formoterol/inhaled corticosteroid inhaler as both a preventer and reliever treatment for asthma in adults. In children, a short-acting β2 adrenergic agonist (e.g., salbutamol) is still recommended.

It was patented in 1972 and came into medical use in 1998. It is available as a generic medication. It is also marketed in the combination formulations budesonide/formoterol and mometasone/formoterol.
St Cuthbert's Church, Dufton
St Cuthbert's Church is situated 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) north of the village of Dufton, Cumbria, England. It should not be confused with the nearby St Cuthbert's church, Milburn. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Appleby, the archdeaconry of Carlisle, and the diocese of Carlisle. The parish is one of ten parishes which form the benefice of the Heart of Eden.

The Parish Church of St Cuthbert, Dufton, is situated north-west of the village of Dufton – the name of which means 'dove farm' – and nestles beneath the eastern fells above the Eden Valley, about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Appleby and 12 miles (19 km) south-east of Penrith. From the new churchyard, fine views are to be had of Dufton Pike and the Pennines.

Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith (/ˈpɛnrɪθ/, /pɛnˈrɪθ/) is a market town and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. It is less than 3 miles (5 km) outside the Lake District National Park and about 17 miles (27 km) south of Carlisle. It is between the Rivers Petteril and Eamont and just north of the River Lowther. It was historically part of Cumberland.
Kasagatayama-Sengamine Prefectural Natural Park
Kasagatayama-Sengamine Prefectural Natural Park (笠形山千ヶ峰県立自然公園, Kasagatayama-Sengamine kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in central Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1965, the park centres upon Mount Kasagata and Mount Sen, and spans the municipalities of Ichikawa, Kamikawa, and Taka.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Break It Off
"Break It Off" is a song by the Barbadian singer Rihanna from her second album A Girl like Me (2006), and features guest vocals from Sean Paul. It was written by Donovan Bennett, Paul, K. Ford and Rihanna, while production was handled by Don Corleon. The song was released on November 13, 2006, as the album's fourth and final single. "Break It Off" is a futuristic pop-dancehall song, which is layered over an electro-reggae beat.

Upon release, critical reception of the song was positive, with reviewers praising the collaboration between Rihanna and Paul and as a return to the former's roots. "Break It Off" reached number eight in Portugal and number nine in the US. Rihanna performed the song at Radio One Big Weekend in 2007 and it was included on the set list of her Good Girl Gone Bad Tour (2007–2009), and was subsequently included on the accompanying DVD release, entitled Good Girl Gone Bad Live.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Snowdon Hill Quarry
Snowdon Hill Quarry (grid reference ST312089) is a 0.6 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the western outskirts of Chard in Somerset, notified in 1963.

The site shows rock exposures through the Upper Greensand and Chalk which contain fossil crustaceans  which are both unique and exceptionally well-preserved and support study of palaeontology in Britain. The unit has been dated to the subdivision of the Chalk known as the Turrilites acutus Zone, named after one of the characteristic fossils.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Chelyoposuchus
Chelyoposuchus is an extinct genus of henodontid placodont found at the Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit, Halberstadt, Germany. The type species, C. crassisquamatus, was named in 1939. It was found in the Knollenmergel Member of the Trossingen Formation, which dates to the late Rhaetian (205.6 - 201.6 Ma) and the holotype was collected by Otto Jaekel between 1909 and 1913.

Halberstadt
Halberstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈhalbɐˌʃtat] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Halverstidde) is a town in the state of Saxony-Anhalt in central Germany, the capital of Harz district. Located north of the Harz mountain range, it is known for its old town center, which was largely destroyed by Allied bombings in the late stages of World War II after local Nazi leaders refused to surrender. The town was rebuilt in the following decades.

In World War I Halberstadt was the site of a German military airbase and aircraft-manufacturing facilities. In World War II Halberstadt was a regional production center for Junkers aircraft, which also housed an SS forced labor camp. Halberstadt now includes the area where the Langenstein-Zwieberge concentration camp was situated.

Today the city has around 450 timber framed houses in its city centre and timber framed old villages like Langenstein.
Ernest Walter Davie Western
Brigadier Ernest Walter Davie Western (1901–1952) was the first son of Walter Western (1871–1936) and Elizabeth Ann Heard (1875–1952).  E.W.D. Western was born on 2 Feb, 1901, in Gibraltar. He was educated at the Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys, Canterbury, in 1918. He passed the entrance exam to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, 1919 and was commissioned into the 2nd Battalion Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment.

In late 1937 he married Pamela Rachel Petrides (the daughter of Sir Philip Bertie Petrides, the Chief Justice of the Gold Coast (1936–1943), and they had three children.

Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys
Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys (also known as The Langton Grammar School for Boys and simply referred to as The Langton) is an 11–18 foundation grammar school for boys and mixed sixth form in Canterbury, Kent, England. It was established in 1881.
Thambiluvil Inscription
Thambiluvil Inscription is a Tamil inscription dated to 16th Century CE initially found at Thambiluvil village in Ampara District, Sri Lanka. This inscription was donated by Vijayabahu VII of Kotte mentioning about his donation of "Vōvil" or "Wowil" to a temple.

Ampara District
Ampara District (Tamil: அம்பாறை மாவட்டம், romanized: Ampāṟai Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, romanized: Ampāra Distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second-level administrative divisions of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Ampara. The district was carved out of the southern part of Batticaloa District in April 1961.
Phalera (military decoration)
A phalera was a sculpted disk, usually made of gold, silver, bronze or glass, and worn on the breastplate during parades by Roman soldiers who had been awarded it as a kind of medal. Roman military units could also be awarded phalerae for distinguished conduct in action. These awards were often mounted on the staffs of the unit's standards. The term also refers to disks crafted by the continental Celts for religious and ornamental purposes, especially those used on equestrian gear.

A soldier with seven phalerae

Lauersfort Phalera, Burg Linn Museum Center, Krefeld, Germany

Roman military unit standards with phalerae

Circular Dacian phalera having the representation of a horseman with shield

Dacians
The Dacians (/ˈdeɪ.ʃən/, DAY-shən; Latin: Daci [ˈdaːkiː]; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, Δάοι, Δάκαι) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area includes mainly the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of Ukraine, Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and Southern Poland. The Dacians and the related Getae spoke the Dacian language, which has a debated relationship with the neighbouring Thracian language and may be a subgroup of it. Dacians were somewhat culturally influenced by the neighbouring Scythians and by the Celtic invaders of the 4th century BC.
Junior Alvarado
Junior Rafael Alvarado (born May 20, 1986) is a Venezuelan jockey who competes in the sport of American Thoroughbred horse racing. He rode the winning horse in the 2025 Kentucky Derby and the Belmont Stakes.

2025 Belmont Stakes
The 2025 Belmont Stakes was the 157th running of the Belmont Stakes. It took place on Saturday, June 7, for the second year in a row at Saratoga Race Course. The race was won by 2025 Kentucky Derby winner Sovereignty, making him the first colt since Triple Crown winner Justify in 2018 to win at least two legs of the Triple Crown. The stakes race had a $2 million purse.  The race was run without the Triple Crown at stake as Kentucky Derby winner Sovereignty did not run in the Preakness, thus forsaking the chance at the title.
Ophiogomphus smithi
Ophiogomphus smithi, known generally as Sioux snaketail, is a species of clubtail in the family of dragonflies known as Gomphidae. Other common names include the yellow-rayed lasthenium and sand snaketail. It is found in North America.

The IUCN conservation status of Ophiogomphus smithi is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable.

Gomphidae
The Gomphidae are a family of dragonflies commonly referred to as clubtails or club-tailed dragonflies. The family contains about 90 genera and 900 species found across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The name refers to the club-like widening of the end of the abdomen (abdominal segments 7 through 9). However, this club is usually less pronounced in females and is entirely absent in some species.
Serra da Leba
Serra da Leba is a mountain range in the province of Namibe, in Angola.

Located near the city of Lubango, Serra da Leba is famous for its altitude (Mount Moco at 2,620 metres (8,600 ft) is the highest mountain in Angola), for its beauty, and also for the Serra da Leba pass and road up to 1,845 m altitude.

Mount Moco
Mount Moco (Portuguese: Morro do Moco), at 2,620 metres (8,600 ft), is the highest mountain in Angola. It is located in Huambo Province in the western part of the country, 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of the city of Huambo. Mount Moco was named one of Angola's "seven wonders" in 2014. The mountain is a destination for birdwatchers, hikers, and people participating in rappelling and paragliding.