hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Podocarpus latifolius
Podocarpus latifolius (real yellowwood, broad-leaved yellowwood, or South African yellowwood, Afrikaans: Opregte-geelhout, Northern Sotho: Mogôbagôba, Xhosa: Umcheya, Zulu: Umkhoba) is a large evergreen tree up to 35 m high and 3 m trunk diameter, in the conifer family Podocarpaceae; it is the type species of the genus Podocarpus.

The real yellowwood has been declared the national tree of South Africa and is protected there.

Xhosa language
Xhosa (/ˈkoʊsə/ KOH-sə, Xhosa: [ᵏǁʰôːsa] ⓘ), formerly spelled Xosa and also known by its local name isiXhosa, is a Bantu language, indigenous to Southern Africa and one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8 million people and as a second language in South Africa, particularly in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape and Gauteng, and also in parts of Zimbabwe and Lesotho. It has perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants in a Bantu language (approximately tied with Yeyi), with one count finding that 10% of basic vocabulary items contained a click.
Lignin characterization
The term "lignin characterization" (or "lignin analysis") refers to a group of activities within lignin research aiming at describing the characteristics of a lignin by determination of its most important properties. Most often, this term is used to describe the characterization of technical lignins by means of chemical or thermo-chemical analysis. Technical lignins are lignins isolated from various biomasses during various kinds of technical processes such as wood pulping. The most common technical lignins include lignosulphonates (isolated from sulfite pulping), kraft lignins (isolated from kraft pulping black liquor), organosolv lignins (isolated from organosolv pulping), soda lignins (isolated from soda pulping) and lignin residue after enzymatic treatment of biomass.

Lignosulfonates
Lignosulfonates (LS) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping. LS's are used for emulsion stabilization and Dispersants,a binder to suppresses dust on unpaved roads, and in water treatment.

Lignosulfonates have very broad ranges of molecular mass (they are very polydisperse). A range of from 1,000 to 140,000 Da has been reported for softwood lignosulfonates with lower values reported for hardwoods. Sulfonated Kraft lignin tends to have smaller molecules at 2,000–3,000 Da. SL and LS are non-toxic, non-corrosive, and biodegradable. A range of further modifications may be applied to LS and SL, including oxidation, hydroxymethylation, sulfomethylation, and a combination thereof.
Ibn Mubarak
Ibn Mubarak is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak (726–797), Sunni scholar and muhaddith

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1551–1602), Mughal Grand Vizier and author of Akbarnama

Muhammad ibn Mubarak ibn Hamad Al Khalifah (born 1935), Bahraini politician

Mohammed bin Mubarak Al Khalifa
Mohammad bin Mubarak Al Khalifa (Arabic: محمد بن مبارك بن حمد آل خليفة; born 1935) is a Bahraini politician and a member of the Bahrain's royal family. He served as Bahrain's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1969 to 2005, and then as one of the Deputy Prime Ministers from November 2002 until 21 November 2022.

King Hamad appointed Mohammed bin Mubarak as a Special Representative on 16 June 2022.
The Last Turning
The Last Turning (French: Le Dernier tournant) is a 1939 French film noir directed by Pierre Chenal and starring Fernand Gravey, Corinne Luchaire and Michel Simon. It was shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Georges Wakhévitch. The screenplay was written by Charles Spaak and Henry Torrès, based on the 1934 novel The Postman Always Rings Twice by James M. Cain. It was the first screen adaptation of the novel followed by the 1943 film Ossessione and The Postman Always Rings Twice in 1946.

Henry Torrès
Henry Torrès (17 October 1891 – 4 January 1966) was a French trial lawyer and politician, and a prolific writer on political and legal matters. A left-wing politician and a member of the French Communist Party before World War II, he was a Gaullist in the Post-War period.
Jaleswar railway station
Jaleswar railway station is a railway station on the South Eastern Railway network in the state of Odisha, India. It serves Jaleswar town. Its code is JER. It has four platforms. Passenger, Express and Superfast trains halt at Jaleswar railway station.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
Shahdol district
Shahdol district (Hindi pronunciation: [ʃɛʱ.ɖoːl]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in east central India. Its old name was Matsya raj or Virat kingdom in the name of great king Maharaja Virata. With a total area of 6,205 km2 (2,396 sq mi) and a population of 10,66,063. Shahdol is an important district of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Shahdol is the district headquarters. The district formerly comprised Shahdol division.

The Virateshwara Temple in Sohagpur Vangana is the most important tourist destination of Shahdol and a structural masterpiece. The district extends 110 km (68 mi) from east to west and 170 km (110 mi) from north to south.

Virata
Virata (Sanskrit: विराट, IAST virāṭa) was the King of Matsya, a prominent figure in the Indian epic Mahabharata, and the titular character of the epic's fourth book, Virata Parva, which recounts the Pandavas’ year of ajnatavasa—incognito exile—in his kingdom. He is best known for unknowingly sheltering the Pandavas during this period, with each of them assuming disguised roles in his court. Virata was married to Queen Sudeshna and was the father of Prince Uttara and Princess Uttarā, who married Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna.
Little Tougas
Little Tougas (French: Ti-Cul Tougas) is a Canadian comedy-drama film, directed by Jean-Guy Noël and released in 1976. The film stars Claude Maher as Rémi Tougas, a musician who is hiding out in the Magdalen Islands with his girlfriend Odette (Micheline Lanctôt) after stealing his band's payment from a gig; they plan to further escape to California with Odette's friend Gilberte (Suzanne Garceau), but their plans are complicated when Rémi's bandmate Martin (Gilbert Sicotte) arrives to recover the money.

The cast also includes Louise Forestier, Jean-Louis Millette, Guy L'Écuyer and Gabriel Arcand.

Carmel Dumas of Cinema Canada praised the film, writing that it demonstrated "that a very good young cinema is hard on the heels of the Carles and the Jutras of Quebec's film community."

The film won the Prix L.-E.-Ouimet-Molson from the Association québécoise des critiques de cinéma.

Magdalen Islands
The Magdalen Islands (French: Îles de la Madeleine, pronounced [il də la madlɛn]) are a Canadian archipelago in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Since 2005, the 12-island archipelago is divided into two municipalities: the majority-francophone Municipality of Îles-de-la-Madeleine and the majority-anglophone Municipality of Grosse-Île, in the Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine region, Quebec.
1989 Cleveland Browns season
The 1989 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 40th season with the National Football League.

It was the Browns' first season with head coach Bud Carson, who had been the defensive coordinator of the New York Jets the previous season. The Browns finished with a 9–6–1 record, good enough for a AFC Central Division title. After a 34–30 victory over the Buffalo Bills in the Divisional Playoffs, the Browns reached their third AFC Championship Game in four seasons, and for the third time lost to the Denver Broncos. After two close contests, this time Denver won by a comfortable margin of 37–21.

It would be the Browns' fifth consecutive season making the playoffs, but it would prove their last until 1994. The team has not won a division title since this season, the longest active drought in the NFL. As of 2026, this is their most recent appearance in the AFC Championship Game.

1989 Denver Broncos season
The 1989 Denver Broncos season was the team's 30th year in professional football and its 20th with the National Football League (NFL). The head coach was Dan Reeves while Chan Gailey was the offensive coordinator and Wade Phillips was the defensive coordinator. In the postseason Denver won a nail biter over the Pittsburgh Steelers 24–23 then cruised over the Cleveland Browns 37–21 in the AFC Championship Game.

The season ended with the Broncos being blown out 55–10 in Super Bowl XXIV by the San Francisco 49ers.
George Thorpe (Virginia colonist)
George Thorpe (baptized 1 January 1576 – d. 22 March 1622 at Berkeley Hundred), was a noted landowner, Member of Parliament, distiller, educator and major investor in early colonial companies in the Americas.

Virginia Company of London
The Virginia Company of London (sometimes called "London Company") was a division of the Virginia Company with responsibility for colonizing the east coast of North America between latitudes 34° and 41° N.
Run (Sash! song)
"Run" is a song by German production group Sash!. The record was released on 28 October 2002 via Virgin Records as the second single from their fourth studio album S4!Sash!. It features vocals by British musician Boy George.

Sash!
Sash! (German pronunciation: [zaʃ]; stylised as SASH!) is a German DJ/production team, fronted by Sascha Lappessen (born 10 June 1970) who works in the recording studio with Ralf Kappmeier, Karl Xander, and Thomas "Alisson" Lüdke. They have sold over 22 million albums worldwide and earned more than 65 gold and platinum awards. In the UK, their first four hit singles incorporated vocals in different languages (French, Spanish, English and Italian).
Unstoppable (Kat DeLuna song)
"Unstoppable" is a single by American singer Kat DeLuna from the soundtrack to the 2009 film, Confessions of a Shopaholic. It was released on January 22, 2009 through Universal Motown and Konvict Muzik, and was released to American radio stations on February 24, 2009. The single version features rapper Lil Wayne. Some radio stations had already premiered the song before the video release. The single has been featured in frequent WNBA commercials. Besides working with Wayne, DeLuna also once again worked alongside RedOne, the mastermind behind her debut album 9 Lives.

Konvict Kulture
Konvict Kulture is a record label founded by singer Akon, Melvin Brown and Bu Thiam in 2003 under the name Konvict Muzik. Artists including T-Pain, Kat DeLuna, Mali Music, Red Café, Dolla, Ya Boy, and Costa Titch have signed to and released singles or albums by the label. Heard at the beginning of many of the label's recordings, besides Akon's own production or songwriting contribution, is the sound of the clank of a jail cell, followed by Akon uttering "Konvict". In 2022, the label was rebranded into Konvict Kulture. By 2011, Fotemah Mba was appointed  Vice President of A&R for the label.

The label operated with another label founded by Akon in 2006, KonLive Distribution, whose flagship artist was Lady Gaga. KonLive was an imprint of Interscope Records, while Konvict Muzik was an imprint of Akon's label, Universal Motown Records, prior to the launching of KonLive. In 2011, Akon signed Nigerian artists P-Square, Tuface, and Wizkid as representatives of the label in Africa.
Mancur Olson
Mancur Lloyd Olson Jr. (/ˈmænsər/; January 22, 1932 – February 19, 1998) was an American economist and political scientist who taught at the University of Maryland, College Park. His most influential contributions were to new institutional economics, and focused on the role played by private property, taxation, public goods, collective action, and contract rights in economic development.

New institutional economics
New Institutional Economics (NIE) is an economic perspective that attempts to extend economics by focusing on the institutions (that is to say the social and legal norms and rules) that underlie economic activity and with analysis beyond earlier institutional economics and neoclassical economics.

The NIE assume that individuals are rational and that they seek to maximize their preferences, but that they also have cognitive limitations, lack complete information and have difficulties monitoring and enforcing agreements. As a result, institutions form in large part as an effective way to deal with transaction costs.

NIE rejects that the state is a neutral actor (rather, it can hinder or facilitate effective institutions), that there are zero transaction costs, and that actors have fixed preferences.
Rochester, Nunda and Pennsylvania Railroad
Rochester, Nunda and Pennsylvania Railroad was a New York railroad. Trains ran from Sonyea south through Nunda to Swain. Parts of the railroad were sold to the Pittsburg, Shawmut and Northern Railroad. Other parts of the RN&P were graded near York, NY and Fowlerville, NY and also near Chili, New York, but no tracks were ever laid.

York, New York
York is a town in western Livingston County, New York, United States. Its population was 3,182 at the 2020 census.

The Abbey of the Genesee in the town's hamlet of Piffard is locally famous due to the production of Monks' Bread.
2018 Zhengzhou Women's Tennis Open – Doubles
Han Xinyun and Zhu Lin were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Han partnered Vera Zvonareva, but lost in the semifinals to Duan Yingying and Wang Yafan. Zhu played alongside You Xiaodi, but lost in the first round to Prarthana Thombare and Xun Fangying.

Duan and Wang went on to win the title, defeating Naomi Broady and Yanina Wickmayer 7–6(7–5), 6–3 in the final.

You Xiaodi
You Xiaodi (Chinese: 尤晓迪; pinyin: Yóu Xiǎodí; Mandarin pronunciation: [jǒʊ ɕjàʊ tǐ]; born 12 May 1996) is a Chinese tennis player.

She has won one WTA Challenger doubles title, as well as six singles and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 16 March 2020, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 166. On 12 September 2016, she peaked at No. 102 in the doubles rankings.
Paul Guth
Paul Guth (5 March 1910 – 29 October 1997) was a French humorist, journalist and writer, and the President of the Académie des provinces françaises.

A novelist, essayist, columnist, memoirist, historian, pamphleteer, he distinguished himself in every genre with a combination of sensitivity and savagery. He wrote about fifty works on various subjects, ranging from straight history to personal anecdotes, never holding back in criticism of contemporary failings.

Villeneuve-sur-Lot
Villeneuve-sur-Lot (French pronunciation: [vilnœv syʁ lɔt]; in the Languedocien dialect of Occitan language: Vilanuèva d'Òlt [bilaˈnwɛβɔ ˈðult]) is a town and commune in the southwestern French department of Lot-et-Garonne. The commune was formerly named Villeneuve-d'Agen.

Villeneuve-sur-Lot is located 22 km northeast of the commune of Agen and straddles the river Lot.
Javůrek
Javůrek is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Javůrek lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Brno and 168 km (104 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Jizzakh clan
The Jizzakh clan is a political clan based in Jizzakh Province, Uzbekistan and allied with the Samarqand clan. It is led by Abdulaziz Kamilov, former Uzbek President Islam Karimov's presidential advisor and current Foreign Minister.

Abdulaziz Kamilov
Abdulaziz Khafizovich Kamilov (Uzbek: Abdulaziz Xafizovich Kamilov; Russian: Абдулазиз Хафизович Камилов, Abdulaziz Khafizovich Kamilov; born November 16, 1947) is an Uzbek politician who was Uzbekistan's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2022. Previously he served in the same post from 1994 to 2003.
The Santa Fe Trail (1923 film)
The Santa Fe Trail is a 1923 American silent Western film serial directed by Ashton Dearholt and Robert Dillon, produced by Ben F. Wilson and released by Arrow Film Corporation. The film is considered to be lost.

Ben F. Wilson
Ben F. Wilson (also credited as Benjamin Wilson; July 7, 1876 – August 25, 1930), was an American stage and film actor, director, producer and screenwriter of the silent era. He appeared in more than 210 films between 1911 and 1930. He also directed more than 130 films between 1912 and 1930. He starred as Inspector Cleek in a 1914 series of mystery shorts. He was born in Corning, Iowa in 1876, and died in Glendale, California in 1930 from heart disease.
2009–10 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team
The 2009–10 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team represented West Virginia University in the 2009-10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were coached by Bob Huggins and played their home games at the WVU Coliseum. The team captured the first Big East tournament championship in school history. They won the East Region to advance to the second Final Four in school history, where they lost in the national semi-finals to eventual National Champion Duke, 78–57.  The team finished #3 in the final Coaches Poll with a record of 31–7, setting the record for most wins in school history.

2010 Big East men's basketball tournament
The 2010 Big East men's basketball tournament, a part of the 2009-10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, took place in March 2010 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The West Virginia Mountaineers defeated the Georgetown Hoyas 60–58 in the tournament finals to receive the Big East Conference's automatic bid to the 2010 NCAA tournament. It was West Virginia's first Big East tournament championship. This was the second Big East tournament to include all 16 of the conference's teams. The teams finishing 9 through 16 in the regular season standings played first round games, while teams 5 through 8 received byes to the second round. The top 4 teams during the regular season received double-byes to the quarterfinals.
Seton Hall Pirates men's soccer
The Seton Hall Pirates men's soccer team represents Seton Hall University in all NCAA Division I men's college soccer competitions. The program was founded in 1928 –being coached by Tom O' Connor– and currently competes in the Big East Conference. Seton Hall is currently coached by Andreas Lindberg and play their home matches at Owen T. Carroll Field in South Orange, New Jersey.

Seton Hall University
Seton Hall University (SHU) is a private Catholic research university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States.

Seton Hall consists of 9 schools and colleges and has an undergraduate enrollment of about 5,800 students and a graduate enrollment of about 4,400. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university is known for its men's basketball team, which has appeared in 13 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournaments after making it to the final of the 1989 tournament and losing 79–80 in overtime to the Michigan Wolverines. The resulting increase in national television exposure has led to increasing numbers of applications from prospective students.
Cerros de Incahuasi
Cerros de Incahuasi is a mountain with several summits located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile, near Sico Pass. The present–day mountain is the result of the partial collapse of an ancient
volcanic edifice.

The Incahuasi Sur volcano in this range was active 10.5 million years ago. It is associated with a volcanic belt and fault that extends southeastward from Incahuasi Sur, the Calama–Olacapato–El Toro fault.

Sico Pass
Sico Pass (Spanish: Paso de Sico) is a mountain pass on the border between Argentina and Chile. The pass is located on the main divide of the Andes. Administratively, it separates the province of Salta in Argentina and the region of Antofagasta in Chile.

The pass is served by Chile Route 23, here a paved road, and Argentina Route 51, connecting San Pedro de Atacama on the Chilean side with Catua and San Antonio de los Cobres on the Argentinian side. The Chile Route 23 reaches an altitude of 4,580 metres (15,030 ft) 24 km west of the border.
Steven Rudy
Steven Jack Rudy (born August 9, 1978) is an American politician and agribusiness owner who has served as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives since January 2005. He represents Kentucky's 1st House district, which includes Ballard, Carlisle, Fulton, and Hickman counties as well as part of McCracken County.

He has served as the House Majority Leader since 2021.

McCracken County, Kentucky
McCracken County is a county located in the far west portion of U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,875. The county seat and only municipality is Paducah. McCracken County was the 78th county formed in the state, having been created in 1825. It is part of the historic Jackson Purchase, territory sold by the Chickasaw people to General Andrew Jackson and Governor Isaac Shelby; this territory was located at the extreme western end of Kentucky.

Paducah developed based on its "River and Rail" traffic. Steamboats, barges, and the Illinois Central Railroad were the basis of the economy into the late 20th century. In the 1920s, the Illinois Central built the largest operating, and maintenance base in the world here.

McCracken County is the central county of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Betsy Lewin
Betsy Reilly Lewin (born May 12, 1937) is an American illustrator from Clearfield, Pennsylvania. She studied illustration at Pratt Institute. After graduation, she began designing greeting cards. She began writing and illustrating stories for children's magazines and eventually children's books. She is married to children's book illustrator Ted Lewin and with him has co-written and illustrated several books about their travels to remote places, including Uganda in Gorilla Walk and Mongolia in Horse Song, as well as How to Babysit a Leopard: and Other True Stories from Our Travels Across Six Continents (Roaring Brook Press, 2015). She is arguably best known for the Caldecott Honor Book Click Clack Moo: Cows that Type.

Pratt Institute
Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has an additional campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The institute was founded in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. Comprising six schools, the institute is primarily known for its programs in architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and fine arts.