hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niafunké
Niafunké is a small town on the Niger River in central Mali.  The town is the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune  of Soboundou in  the Niafunké Cercle of the Tombouctou Region.

Niafunké was the hometown of musician and farmer Ali Farka Touré, who moved there as an infant and went on to become the town's mayor in 2004. He invested much of his music income in an irrigation scheme. Niafunké is also the title of an album he recorded there in 1999.

Toure's son Vieux Farka Toure was also born in Niafunké.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
SotelTchad
Societe des Telecommunications Internationales du Tchad (SotelTchad) is a Chadian telecommunications parastatal providing landline domestic and international telephone service, as well as Internet service.  SotelTchad was created in 2000, when domestic phone services were detached from the postal service. The government initially stated its intention to privatize the parastatal through international bidding, but this was put on hold.   Company advertisements in late 2000 stated that there were 10,260 telephones and 1,020 Internet subscribers in the country.  In 2001, SotelTchad agreed to a partnership with ITXC to provide international phone service via Internet telephony  However, by 2005 cellphone users on private networks vastly outnumbered the users of landlines. Privatized in 2010 and sold to the Libyan company Lap Green, the Chadian state subsequently regained control of the company.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Arthur Coleridge
Arthur Duke Coleridge (baptised, 1 February 1830 – 29 October 1913) was a nineteenth-century English lawyer who, as an amateur musician with influential connections, was the founder of The Bach Choir and the man who introduced the Mass in B minor by Johann Sebastian Bach to the English concert repertoire. He was also a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Cambridge University in 1850. He was born at Ottery St Mary, Devon and died at South Kensington, London.

South Kensington
South Kensington is a district at the West End of Central London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Historically it settled on part of the scattered Middlesex village of Brompton. Its name was supplanted with the advent of the railways in the late 19th century and the opening (and shutting) and naming of local tube stations. It is home to several well-known museums and cultural landmarks such as the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, and Imperial College London.
2011–12 British and Irish Cup
The 2011–12 British and Irish Cup was the 3rd season of the annual rugby union competition for second tier, semi-professional clubs from Britain and Ireland.  First round matches began on Wednesday 21 September 2011 and the final was held on Friday 27 April 2012.

Defending champions Bristol had a very poor campaign and were unable to make it out of the pool stages.  Munster A lifted the cup, comfortably defeating Cross Keys 31–12 in the final.  They became the first Irish side to claim the title, and the third different side to win in the competition's three-year history.

Semi-professional sports
Semi-professional sports are sports in which athletes are not participating on a full-time basis, but still receive some payment. Semi-professionals are not amateur because they receive regular payment from their team, but generally at a considerably lower rate than a full-time professional athlete. As a result, semi-professional players frequently have (or seek) full-time employment elsewhere. A semi-pro player or team could also be one that represents a place of employment that only the employees are allowed to play on. In this case, it is considered semi-pro because their employer pays them, but for their regular job, not for playing on the company's team.

The semi-professional status is not universal throughout the world and depends on each country's labour code and each sports organization's specific regulations.
Wigry Narrow Gauge Railway
The Wigry Narrow Gauge Railway (Polish: Wigierska Kolej Wąskotorowa) is a 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow-gauge railway built south of Wigry Lake in Suwałki Region in Poland. Construction commenced before World War I. It served as forest railway, to exploit forests around Wigry Lake, until the end of 1980s. Maximum length reached 45 km. Nowadays, from 2001, a 9-km part of the railway is utilized as a heritage railway and a tourist attraction. Trains run regularly from May until September according to a schedule.

The main station with all the rolling stock is located in Płociczno-Tartak near Suwałki.

2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways
Two foot and 600 mm gauge railways are narrow-gauge railways with track gauges of 2 ft (610 mm) and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), respectively. Railways with similar, less common track gauges, such as 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) and 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm), are grouped with 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways.
2011 Heineken Open – Doubles
Marcus Daniell and Horia Tecău were the defending champions, but they don't participate together this year.
Daniell partnered with Artem Sitak, but they were eliminated in the first round, by František Čermák and Christopher Kas.
Tecău played alongside Robert Lindstedt. However, they withdrew from the tournament before their first round match, against Jose Statham and Mikal Statham.
2nd seeds Marcel Granollers and Tommy Robredo won this tournament. Spanish pair defeated Johan Brunström and Stephen Huss 6–4, 7–6(8–6) in the final.

Artem Sitak
Artem Yurievich Sitak (/ˈɑːrtəm ˈsɪtæk/ ART-əm SIT-ak; Russian: Артём Юрьевич Ситак, romanized: Artyom Sitak; born 8 February 1986) is a Russian-born New Zealand former professional tennis player. On 11 August 2008, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 299, whilst his highest doubles ranking of World No. 32 was reached on 10 September 2018, after the US Open. He is the younger brother of Dmitri Sitak, who was also a professional tennis player.
Elizaveta Ostrogska
Princess Elizaveta Ostrogska (Ukrainian: Єлизавета (Галшка) Острозька - Yelyzaveta (Halshka) Ostroz'ka; Polish: Elżbieta (Halszka) Ostrogska, 1539–1582), nicknamed Black Princess, was a Ruthenian heiress, the only child of Prince Illia Ostrogski and Beata Kościelecka.

Szamotuły
Szamotuły [ʂamɔˈtuwɨ] (German: Samter, Yiddish: Zamter) is a town in western Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) northwest of the centre of Poznań. It is the seat of Szamotuły County and of the smaller administrative district Gmina Szamotuły. The population was 19,090 in 2011.
Hass–Bender oxidation
In organic chemistry, the Hass–Bender oxidation (also called the Hass–Bender carbonyl synthesis) is an organic oxidation reaction that converts benzyl halides into benzaldehydes using the sodium salt of 2-nitropropane as the oxidant. This name reaction is named for Henry B. Hass and Myron L. Bender, who first reported it in 1949.

The reaction process begins with the deprotonation of 2-nitropropane at the α carbon to form a nitronate. This compound then initiates an SN2 reaction to displace the benzyl halide. Unlike in the nitroaldol reaction, where the deprotonated carbon of the nitroalkyl group is the nucleophilic atom, it is instead an oxygen of the nitro itself that attacks the benzylic carbon. The O-benzyl structure then undergoes a pericyclic reaction to produce a benzaldehyde, with dimethyloxime as a byproduct.

Although originally developed for benzyl compounds, the reaction also works for allyl halides, giving the respective α,β-enones and enals.

Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is among the simplest aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially useful.

It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor similar to that of bitter almonds and cherry, and is commonly used in cherry-flavored sodas. A component of bitter almond oil, benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other natural sources. Synthetic benzaldehyde is the flavoring agent in imitation almond extract, which is used to flavor cakes and other baked goods.
Rafael Cooper
Rafael Cooper (born January 8, 1975) is an American former football running back who played with the Erie Invaders of the Indoor Football League, Detroit Lions of the NFL, Memphis Maniax of the XFL, and the Amsterdam Admirals of NFL Europe. He played college football at Minnesota and Louisville.

Erie Invaders
The Erie Invaders were a professional indoor American football team based in Erie, Pennsylvania.  They were members of the original Indoor Football League founded in 1999 and began play in 2000 at Louis J. Tullio Arena in Erie.  They competed in the Southern Division of the Eastern Conference.  They were coached by Gary Tufford.  After a 6-8 season and a defeat in the playoffs, the franchise folded due to financial reasons.
Constitutional Bloc (Bulgaria)
The Constitutional Bloc (Bulgarian: Конституционен блок) was a political alliance in Bulgaria in the early 1920s. It was formed by parties that opposed the ruling Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU) in the early 1920s.

Bulgarian Agrarian National Union
The Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (Bulgarian: Български земеделски народен съюз, romanized: Bŭlgarski zemedelski naroden sŭyuz, BZNS), is a political party devoted to representing the causes of the Bulgarian peasantry. It was an agrarian movement and was most powerful between 1900 and 1923. Unlike the socialist movements of the early 20th century, it was devoted to questions concerning agriculture and farmers, rather than industry and factory workers. The BZNS, one of the first and most powerful of the agrarian parties in Eastern Europe, dominated Bulgarian politics during the beginning of the 20th century. It is also the only agrarian party in Europe that ever came to power with a majority government, rather than merely as part of a coalition. It is a founding member of the former International Agrarian Bureau.
Liverpool Privateers
The Liverpool Privateers were a Canadian Junior ice hockey team from Liverpool, Nova Scotia. The Privateers played in the Nova Scotia Junior Hockey League and were the 2006 Don Johnson Cup Maritime Junior B Champions. They were established as the Bay Ducks, based in Upper Tantallon, Nova Scotia.

After 2022–23 season the team was moved to Bridgewater.

Liverpool, Nova Scotia
Liverpool is a Canadian community and former town located along the Atlantic Ocean of the Province of Nova Scotia's South Shore. It is situated within the Region of Queens Municipality, which is the local governmental unit that comprises all of Queens County, Nova Scotia.
2006 PBZ Zagreb Indoors
The 2006 PBZ Zagreb Indoors was a men's tennis tournament held on indoor carpet courts. It was the first edition of the PBZ Zagreb Indoors under its new name and 4th overall and was part of the ATP International Series of the 2006 ATP Tour. It took place at the Dom Sportova in Zagreb, Croatia from 30 January through 6 February 2006. First-seeded Ivan Ljubičić won the singles title.

Dom Sportova
Dom sportova (lit. 'House of Sports'), is a multi-purpose indoor sports arena located in Zagreb, Croatia. The venue was built in 1972 in the Trešnjevka neighborhood, in the western part of the city. It has 32,000 m2 of floorspace, and it features six halls. The seating capacity of the biggest two halls is 5,000 and 3,100. It is used for basketball, handball, volleyball, ice hockey, gymnastics, tennis, as well as concerts.

It is the venue for the PBZ Zagreb Indoors men's tennis tournament. It also hosted the final tournament of the 1989 European Basketball Championship, in which the home team of Yugoslavia won the gold medal, the 2000 European Men's Handball Championship, the 2003 World Women's Handball Championship, the 2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship as well as the 2008 and 2013 European Figure Skating Championships.

Dom Sportova was Zagreb's biggest indoor entertainment-complex before Arena Zagreb was built in 2008.
Argentina at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Argentina competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland. It was only the second time that Argentinian athletes had competed at the Winter Games, after missing the 1932 Winter Olympics and the 1936 Winter Olympics.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
All Saints Church, East Horndon
All Saints' Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of East Horndon, Essex, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The church stands north of the village, and northwest of the junction between the A127 and A128 roads, some 4 miles (6 km) south of Brentwood.

Layer Marney
Layer Marney is a village and civil parish in the Colchester district of Essex, England, near Tiptree. The parish includes the hamlet of Smythe's Green. Layer Marney has a Tudor palace called Layer Marney Tower and the Church of St Mary the Virgin. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 230. Layer Marney is the westernmost and least populous of the three neighbouring parishes called Layer, the others being Layer Breton and Layer-de-la-Haye.
200 South Tryon
200 South Tryon is a 299 feet (91 m) tall high-rise in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was completed in 1961 and has 18 floors. It is the 19th tallest building in the city. Gerald D. Hines Interests purchased what was then called the BB&T Building in December 1998 and began a renovation process that added another floor which was completed in 2001. and in the process was upgraded to contain all Class B office space.

When completed as the NCNB Building, the building stood as the first glass high-rise in North Carolina. The NCNB Building and the George Cutter Building across the street may have been the state's first Miesian glass and steel skyscrapers. Both buildings were based on the Lever House building in New York City.

The Commercial National Bank Building, completed in 1912 and 12 stories tall, once stood on the site.

Steel frame
Steel frame is a building technique with a "skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The development of this technique made the construction of the skyscraper possible. Steel frame has displaced its predecessor, the iron frame, in the early 20th century.
APA Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology
The Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology is an annual award that has been given by the American Psychological Association since 1974. It is given to outstanding research psychologists who are in the early stages of their career, defined as the first nine years after they receive their Ph.D. Every year, the award is given to five psychologists, each from one of ten different areas of psychology:

Animal learning and comparative psychology,

Developmental psychology,

Health psychology,

Cognitive psychology,

Psychopathology,

Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience,

Perception and motor control,

Social psychology,

Applied psychology, and

Individual differences.

This means that every two years, one psychologist from each area will receive the award.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
The Still Alarm (1930 film)
The Still Alarm (1930) is a short film starring the comedians Fred Allen and Clifton Webb, and directed by Roy Mack. The film was based on a skit by George S. Kaufman and released by Warner Brothers as a Vitaphone film. This 10-minute film occupied one reel and still survives.

George S. Kaufman
George Simon Kaufman (November 16, 1889 – June 2, 1961) was an American playwright, theater director and producer, humorist, and drama critic. In addition to comedies and political satire, he wrote several musicals for the Marx Brothers and others. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the musical Of Thee I Sing (with Morrie Ryskind and Ira Gershwin) in 1932, and won again in 1937 for the play You Can't Take It with You (with Moss Hart). He also won the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical in 1951 for Guys and Dolls.
Joseph R. Roques
Joseph R. Roques (1772–1850), was a French botanist and physician noted for his materia medica work Phytographie médicale, histoire des substances héroiques et des poisons tirés du règne végétal ("Medical phytography, a history of powerful substances and poisons from the plant kingdom"). He was a student at the University of Montpellier, enrolling in the Faculty of Medicine. He subsequently moved to Paris, becoming eminent as a botanist. The plates of his Phytographie médicale were drawn and engraved by Edouard Hocquart.

Materia medica
Materia medica (lit.: 'medical material/substance') is a Latin term from the history of pharmacy for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing (i.e., medications). The term derives from the title of a work by the Ancient Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides in the 1st century AD, De materia medica, 'On medical material' (Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, Peri hylēs iatrikēs, in Greek).

The term materia medica was used from the period of the Roman Empire until the 20th century, but has now been generally replaced in medical education contexts by the term pharmacology. The term survives in the title of the British Medical Journal's "Materia Non Medica" column.
Cherish Violet Blood
Cherish Violet Blood is a Kainai actress and storyteller from Canada. She is most noted for her performance as Marie in the 2021 film Scarborough, for which she won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022.

Prior to her film debut in Scarborough, she was known for her leading role as Lila in a touring stage production of Tara Beagan's play Deer Woman. For Scarborough, she also received a Vancouver Film Critics Circle nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Canadian Film at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2021.

She has also appeared in the film Seeds.

Vancouver Film Critics Circle
The Vancouver Film Critics Circle (VFCC) was founded in 2000 by David Spaner and Ian Caddell, in order to help promote Canadian films and the British Columbia film and television industry. Its membership includes print, radio, on-line, and television critics, either based in Vancouver or with Vancouver outlets. The current Chair of the VFCC is Jorge Ignacio Castillo, editor in chief of the web platform The Canadian Crew.
Turno, Šentjur
Turno (pronounced [ˈtuːɾnɔ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur in eastern Slovenia. It lies south of Gorica pri Slivnici, just off the regional road leading to Kozje. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Municipality of Šentjur
The Municipality of Šentjur (Slovene: Občina Šentjur), named Municipality of Šentjur pri Celju (Občina Šentjur pri Celju) until 2002, is a municipality in eastern Slovenia. The town of Šentjur is the seat of the municipality. With an area of 223 square kilometers (86 sq mi) it is one of the larger municipalities in Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. Saint George appears on the municipal coat of arms.
Compressed air foam system
A compressed air foam system is used in firefighting to deliver fire retardant foam for the purpose of extinguishing a fire or protecting unburned areas.

Typical components include a water source, a centrifugal pump, foam concentrate tanks, a direct-injection foam proportioning system on the discharge side of the pump, a mixing chamber or device, a rotary air compressor, and control systems to ensure the correct mixes of concentrate, water, and air.

Air compressor
An air compressor is a machine that takes ambient air from the surroundings and discharges it at a higher pressure. It is an application of a gas compressor and a pneumatic device that converts mechanical power (from an electric motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in compressed air, which has many uses. A common application is to compress air into a storage tank, for immediate or later use. When the delivery pressure reaches its set upper limit, the compressor is shut off, or the excess air is released through an overpressure  valve. The compressed air is stored in the tank until it is needed. The pressure energy provided by the compressed air can be used for a variety of applications such as pneumatic tools as it is released. When tank pressure reaches its lower limit, the air compressor turns on again and re-pressurizes the tank.
A compressor is different from a pump because it works on a gas, while pumps work on a liquid.