hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clyde Township, St. Clair County, Michigan
Clyde Township is a civil township of St. Clair County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,523 at the 2020 Census.

The township is named for the River Clyde in Scotland. In 1825, a Scotsman Robert Smart, with the backing of Detroit interests, built a mill on the Black River. Smart named the place "Clyde Mills", after the river in where he had lived as a boy. Clyde Township was organized in March 1836 and took its name from the settlement. When first organized, Clyde Township encompassed the area of what are now 20 townships. When Kimball Township was set off in 1855, the settlement by which Clyde Township derived its name became part of a different township. The settlement in Kimball Township is now known as Wadhams.

Pere Marquette Railway
The Pere Marquette Railway (reporting mark PM) was a railroad that operated in the Great Lakes region of the United States and southern parts of Ontario in Canada.  It had trackage in the states of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and the Canadian province of Ontario. Its primary connections included Buffalo; Toledo; and Chicago. 
The company was named after Jacques Marquette, a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste Marie.
Rushy Meadows
Rushy Meadows is an 8.9-hectare (22-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the western outskirts of Kidlington in Oxfordshire.

This site consists of unimproved alluvial grasslands on the bank of the Oxford Canal. The species-rich sward is dominated by hard rush, and other plants include  water avens, which is very uncommon in the Thames Basin, pepper saxifrage, devil's bit scabious, early marsh orchid and distant sedge.

The site is private land with no public access.

Silaum silaus
Silaum silaus, commonly known as pepper-saxifrage, is a perennial plant in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) (the carrot family) found across south-eastern, central, and western Europe, including the British Isles. It grows in damp grasslands on neutral soils.
Operation Double Eagle
Operation Double Eagle was a US Marine Corps and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) operation that took place in southern Quảng Ngãi Province, lasting from 28 January to 17 February 1966, during the Vietnam War. The operation was mounted in conjunction with Operation Masher in northern Bình Định Province. The operation was inconclusive as the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vietcong (VC) had largely slipped away.

Bình Định province
Bình Định was formerly a northern coastal province in the South Central Coast region, the Central of Vietnam. It borders Quảng Ngãi to the north, Phú Yên to the south, Gia Lai to the west and the South China Sea to the east.

Bình Định province has an area of 6,066.40 km2 (2,342.25 mi2), comprising 11 district-level sub-divisions, with a population of over 1.5 million people as of 2023. The province is known for its scenery and beaches. There are also a number of Cham structures. Majority of the province is covered by mountains or hills. Its capital Quy Nhon served as the capital of the historic Tây Sơn dynasty. Economically the province has the most productive primary sector in the South Central Coast region, mostly because of its large output of rice, coconuts and its strong livestock, forestry and fishing sectors.

On June 12, 2025, Bình Định was incorporated into Gia Lai province.
George Locke
George Herbert Locke (March 29, 1870 – January 28, 1937) was a Canadian librarian. He was chief librarian of the Toronto Public Library from 1908 until his death, a time of great expansion in that library system. In 1926-27 he became the second Canadian to be president of the American Library Association.  The George H. Locke Memorial Branch of the Toronto Public Library, which opened in 1949, is named after him.

Toronto Public Library
Toronto Public Library (TPL) is a public library system in Toronto, Ontario. It is the largest public library system in Canada, and in 2023 had averaged a higher circulation per capita than any other public library system internationally, making it the largest neighbourhood-based library system in the world. Within North America, it also had the highest circulation and visitors when compared to other large urban systems. Established as the library of the Mechanics' Institute in 1830, the Toronto Public Library now consists of 100 branch libraries and has over 26 million items in its collection.
Great Vlachia
Great Vlachia or Great Wallachia (Aromanian: Vlãhia Mari; Greek: Μεγάλη Βλαχία, romanized: Megálē Vlachía), also simply known as Vlachia (Aromanian: Vlãhia; Greek: Βλαχία, romanized: Vlachía), was a province and region in southeastern Thessaly in the late 12th century, and was used to denote the entire region of Thessaly in the 13th and 14th centuries. The name derives from the Vlachs (Aromanians), who had lived across much of the area.

Niketas Choniates
Niketas or Nicetas Choniates (Medieval Greek: Νικήτας Χωνιάτης; c. 1155 – 1217), whose actual surname was Akominatos (Ἀκομινάτος), was a Byzantine Greek historian and politician. He accompanied his brother Michael Akominatos to Constantinople from their birthplace Chonae (from which came his nickname, "Choniates" meaning "person from Chonae"). Nicetas wrote a history of the Eastern Roman Empire from 1118 to 1207.
Sweden national ringette team
The Sweden national ringette team (Swedish: Svenska Ringettelandslaget), more commonly known as "Team Sweden", is the ringette team representing Sweden internationally. Sweden has both a senior national ringette team and a junior national ringette team. Both Team Sweden Senior and Team Sweden Junior are overseen by the Sweden Ringette Association (SRA), (Swedish: Svenska Ringetteförbundet) and compete in the World Ringette Championships (WRC). The SRA is a member of the International Ringette Federation (IRF). Sweden's first appearance in international ringette took place at the second World Ringette Championships in 1992. Team USA is Team Sweden's arch-rival with both teams competing in the President's Pool against Team Czech.

Though Sweden joined the IRF in 1986, which at the time was known as the "World Ringette Council", the Sweden Ringette Association was not formed until 1994, then was elected as an associate member of the Swedish Sports Confederation in 2003.

1998 Summit Series
The 1998 World Ringette Championships (1998 WRC) was an international ringette tournament initially meant to be the 5th (X) World Ringette Championships and was originally scheduled to be hosted in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.. However, a promotional five-game ringette "Summit Series" tour of Europe was organized instead with a series of games between Team Canada, and Team Finland between February 27 and March 7, 1998.

Officially dubbed the "1998 Summit Series / EuroTour", the games were contested in Finland, Sweden, Germany, and France. The event was organized by the International Ringette Federation (IRF). The 5th World Ringette Championships took place the following year at the 2000 World Ringette Championships.
1981–82 Pittsburgh Penguins season
The 1981–82 Pittsburgh Penguins season was their 15th in the National Hockey League (NHL). The qualified for the playoffs for the fourth straight year, but lost in the opening round to the eventual Stanley Cup champion New York Islanders three games to two. This would be the Penguins last playoff appearance until 1989.

1988–89 Pittsburgh Penguins season
The 1988–89 Pittsburgh Penguins season saw the Penguins finish in second place in the Patrick Division with a record of 40 wins, 33 losses, and 7 ties for 87 points. After a six-season drought, the Pittsburgh Penguins returned to the NHL playoffs; they swept the New York Rangers in the Division Semi-finals before losing the Division Finals in seven games to the Philadelphia Flyers.
Triumph of the Virtues (Mantegna)
The Triumph of the Virtues (also known as Minerva Expelling the Vices from the Garden of Virtue) is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Andrea Mantegna, completed in 1502. It is housed in the Musée du Louvre of Paris.

The triumph was the second picture painted by Mantegna for Isabella d'Este's studiolo (cabinet), after the Parnassus of 1497. It portrays a marsh enclosed by a tall fence, ruled over by the Vices, portrayed as hideous figures and identified by scrolls in a typically medieval way. Idleness is chased by Minerva, who is also rescuing Diana, goddess of chastity, from being raped by a Centaur, symbol of concupiscence. Next to Minerva is a tree with human features. High in the sky are the three primary moral virtues required to perfect the appetitive powers: Justice, Temperance and Fortitude.

Diana (mythology)
Diana is a goddess in Roman religion, primarily considered a patroness of the countryside and nature, hunters, wildlife, childbirth, crossroads, the night, and the Moon. She is equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, and absorbed much of Artemis' mythology early in Roman history, including a birth on the island of Delos to parents Jupiter and Latona, and a twin brother, Apollo, though she had an independent origin in Italy.

Diana is revered in modern neopagan religions including Roman neopaganism, Stregheria, and Wicca. In the ancient, medieval, and modern periods, Diana has been considered a triple deity, merged with a goddess of the moon (Luna/Selene) and the underworld (usually Hecate).
Riemann invariant
Riemann invariants are mathematical transformations made on a system of conservation equations to make them more easily solvable. Riemann invariants are constant along the characteristic curves of the partial differential equations where they obtain the name invariant. They were first obtained by Bernhard Riemann in his work on plane waves in gas dynamics.

Transformation (function)
In mathematics, a transformation, transform, or self-map is a function f, usually with some geometrical underpinning, that maps a set X to itself, i.e. f: X → X.
Examples include linear transformations of vector spaces and geometric transformations, which include projective transformations, affine transformations, and specific affine transformations, such as rotations, reflections and translations.
Wetter (surname)
Wetter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Wetter (1877–1963), Swiss politician

Fabian Wetter (born 1989), German footballer

Friedrich Wetter (born 1928), German cardinal archbishop of Munich and Freising

Harry Wetter (1882–1934), Welsh international rugby union player

Herbert Wetter (1891–1966), Norwegian Olympic swimmer in Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metre freestyle

Jack Wetter (1887–1967), Welsh international rugby union player

Paul Alan Wetter, American medical doctor

Ernst Wetter
Ernst Wetter (27 August 1877 – 10 August 1963) was a Swiss politician.

He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 15 December 1938 and handed over office on 31 December 1943. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party.

During his time in office he held the Department of Finance and was President of the Confederation in 1941.
Nils J. Diaz
Nils J. Diaz is a former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, having worked for the commission between 1996 and 2006. He was the chairman of the commission between 2003 and 2006.

He was a nuclear engineering professor and chairman at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, from the 1970s to the 1990s.  Diaz holds a Ph.D. and M.S. in nuclear engineering from the University of Florida, and a B. S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Villanova, Havana.

After departing the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, he became the chief strategic officer for Blue Castle Project. He is a former paid consultant for Bechtel.

Blue Castle Project
The Blue Castle Project is a proposed nuclear power plant near Green River, Utah, United States. Originally projected for completion in 2030, it would have two 1500 megawatt reactors. It was originally proposed in 2007 by Transition Power Development, which became Blue Castle Holdings (BCH) in 2009. With no updates on the Blue Castle Holdings website since 2019, the project seems to be on hold.

After winning a three-year legal battle over water rights, Blue Castle began reviewing construction companies to work on building the plant. The project is projected to cost up to $20 billion, though BCH projected only $13.4 billion as of January 2017. The plant is expected to produce up to 4000 short term jobs during construction and about 1000 long term jobs in the Green River area.

Public reaction has varied since the project was originally proposed. There are several local and national environmental groups who oppose the project.
2025 Abruzzo Open – Doubles
Théo Arribagé and Victor Vlad Cornea were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Arribagé partnered Grégoire Jacq but lost in the final to Luis David Martínez and Facundo Mena. Cornea partnered Karol Drzewiecki but lost in the first round to Martínez and Mena.

Martínez and Mena won the title after defeating Arribagé and Jacq 7–5, 2–6, [10–6] in the final.

Facundo Mena
Facundo Mena (born 22 September 1992) is an Argentine professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 127 achieved on 12 September 2022 and a best doubles ranking of No. 159 achieved on 23 February 2026.

Mena plays mostly on ATP Challenger Tour, where he won four titles in singles and five in doubles.
2014 Australian Open – Boys' doubles
Jay Andrijic and Bradley Mousley were the defending champions, but Andrijic was no longer eligible to participate. 
Mousley successfully defended the title with Lucas Miedler, defeating Quentin Halys and Johan-Sébastien Tatlot in the final, 6–4, 6–3.

Jay Andrijic
Jay Andrijic (Serbo-Croatian: Andrijić, pronounced [ǎndrijitɕ]; born 3 October 1995) is an Australian tennis player. Andrijic along with Bradley Mousley won the 2013 Australian Open – Boys' doubles title defeating Maximilian Marterer and Lucas Miedler 6–3, 7–6(7–3) .

Andrijic made the ATP top 1000 after reaching the semi-finals of the Australian Futures (F10) in October 2013.
Dole Nutrition Institute
The Dole Nutrition Institute (DNI) is a research and education foundation within the Dole plc and is based in Kannapolis, North Carolina, at the North Carolina Research Campus.  The DNI was founded by David H. Murdock in 2003.  The institute exists as a resource offering educational publications on a plant-based diet.

Plant-based diet
A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods. It encompasses a wide range of dietary patterns that contain low amounts of animal products and high amounts of fiber-rich plant products such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices. Plant-based diets may also be vegan or vegetarian, but do not have to be, as they are defined in terms of high frequency of plants and low frequency of animal food consumption.
CBS Broadcast Center
The CBS Broadcast Center is a television and radio production facility located on the West Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is CBS's main East Coast production hub, similar to CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles as the West Coast hub. The Broadcast Center is one of two production facilities in Manhattan utilized by Paramount Skydance Corporation. The other is the Ed Sullivan Theater, which hosts The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.

West Side (Manhattan)
The West Side of Manhattan refers to the side of Manhattan Island that abuts the Hudson River and faces the U.S. state of New Jersey. The major neighborhoods on the West Side are (from north to south) Inwood, Hudson Heights, Washington Heights, West Harlem, Morningside Heights, Manhattan Valley, the Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, Chelsea, the West Village, SoHo, and Tribeca. The 8th Avenue and West Side subway lines connect all parts of the West Side.

The main north–south roads servicing the West Side are the Henry Hudson Parkway in the north and the West Side Highway in the south. The Hudson River Greenway separates these highways from the island's western shore.
Basanta Kumar Nemwang
Basanta Kumar Nembang is a Nepalese politician and former Minister of Physical Infrastructure and Transport.He also served as Minister of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Minister of Water Supply, Minister of Information and Communications and Minister of Urban Development in Second Oli cabinet. He is Member of Parliament, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). Nembang has contested the Panchthar-1 constituency in all three legislative elections held since 1991. His main opponent in all three elections have been Nepali Congress leader Dipak Prakash Baskota.

Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport
Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport (Nepali: भौतिक पूर्वाधार तथा यातायात मन्त्रालय) is the governmental body of Nepal mainly responsible for domestic transport and rail transport as well as waterways.

As of 9 January 2026, the ministry is headed by Madhav Chaulagain
Omnipotent Youth Society
Omnipotent Youth Society (Chinese: 万能青年旅店; pinyin: Wànnéng Qīngnián Lǚdiàn), with its acronym OYS (Chinese: 万青; pinyin: Wànqīng), is a Chinese indie rock band formed in Shijiazhuang, Hebei in 1996. They have been noted as a keystone of the Chinese rock scene.

Currently it has four core members: Dong Yaqian (also known as Er Qian) on lead vocals and guitar, Ji Geng on bass, Feng Jiang on drums, and Shi Li on trumpet. Most of their songs feature melodies by Dong and lyrics by Ji.

Chinese rock
Chinese rock (Chinese: 中国摇滚; pinyin: Zhōngguó yáogǔn; also simplified Chinese: 中国摇滚音乐; traditional Chinese: 中國搖滾音樂; pinyin: Zhōngguó yáogǔn yīnyuè, lit. "Chinese rock and roll music") is a wide variety of rock and roll music made by rock bands and solo artists from Mainland China (other regions such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau are considered separate scenes). Rock music as an independent music genre first appeared in China in the 1980s, during the age of New Enlightenment. Typically, Chinese rock is described as an anti-traditional instrument, a music that defies mainstream ideology, commercial establishment, and cultural hegemony. Chinese rock is a fusion of forms integrating Western popular music and traditional Chinese music.
Russian hostage crisis
Russian hostage crisis might refer to:

Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis in June 1995

Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis in January 1996

Black Sea hostage crisis also in January 1996

Moscow theater hostage crisis in October 2002

Beslan school hostage crisis in September 2004

Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis
The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis (Russian: Теракт в Будённовске, lit. 'teract [terrorist act] in Budyonnovsk') took place from 14 to 19 June 1995. A group of Chechen separatists led by Shamil Basayev attacked the southern Russian city of Budyonnovsk near the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, during the First Chechen War. After brief fighting in the city, Basayev and his men seized a local hospital complex where they gathered over 2,000 hostages, demanding a ceasefire in Chechnya and the resumption of Russian negotiations with Chechen leadership. Following several failed attempts by the Russian government to respond to the situation by force, Russian prime minister Viktor Chernomyrdin personally agreed to Basayev's demands, securing the release of the hostages. The terrorist act in Budyonnovsk was the first hostage crisis in modern Russia.
Valbuena
Valbuena (Spanish pronunciation: [balˈβwena]) is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Acacio Valbuena Rodríguez (1922–2011), Spanish Catholic priest

Ángel Valbuena Prat (1900–1977), Spanish philologist and historian

Álvaro Valbuena (born 1941), Colombian artist

José Luis Valbuena (born 1971), Venezuelan boxer

Luis Valbuena (1985–2018), Venezuelan baseball player

Mathieu Valbuena (born 1984), French footballer

Acacio Valbuena Rodríguez
Fr. Acacio Valbuena Rodríguez (8 May 1922 – 4 May 2011) was the Roman Catholic Prefect for Western Sahara. He was ordained as priest in the Oblates of Mary Immaculate on 17 March 1945, and on July 10, 1994, John Paul II installed him in the Apostolic Prefecture of Western Sahara. Rodríguez had an audience with Pope Benedict XVI in Rome on 8 June 2007. Fr. Rodríguez has also attended the Assembly of the Conference of Bishops of North Africa. He lived in El Aaiún. On 25 February 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation of Fr. Rodríguez as Apostolic prefect of Western Sahara for age reasons.
Vlasta Vrána
Vlasta Vrána (born 1950) is a Czech-Canadian actor of stage, film, and television. He has appeared in over 285 films, television, and theatre productions, including voice roles, narration, and advertisements.

Limited Run Games
Limited Run Games, Inc. is an American video game distributor based in Apex, North Carolina. The company produces and sells limited quantities of physical video game copies via its website and select retail stores. Josh Fairhurst and Douglas Bogart founded Limited Run Games in October 2015 after Fairhurst wanted to preserve the digitally released games developed by his studio, Mighty Rabbit Studios, on physical media. The company's first release, Breach & Clear for the PlayStation Vita, was quickly sold out and followed up with Saturday Morning RPG. Oddworld Inhabitants approached the company to release a physical version of Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty!, which led Limited Run Games to release games by other developers. Following major expansion between 2018 and 2022, including branching out into publishing and retrogaming, the company was acquired by Embracer Group through its Embracer Freemode operative group in September 2022.
Third Thomas Shoal
Third Thomas Shoal, known as Banko Thomas in the Philippines, Bãi Đồng Cam in Vietnam, and 和平暗沙 in China, is a reef in the north-west of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. It is located 7.5 nautical miles (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) north of Flat island, and 73 nautical miles (135 km; 84 mi) north of Mischief Reef.

The reef is one of three martnamed after Thomas Gilbert, the captain of the Charlotte:

Flat Island (South China Sea)
Flat Island, also known as Patag Island (Filipino: Pulo ng Patag; Mandarin Chinese: 費信島/费信岛; pinyin: Fèixìn Dǎo; Vietnamese: Đảo Bình Nguyên), is the second smallest of the natural Spratly Islands. It has an area of 0.57 hectares (5,700 m2), and is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Philippine-occupied Nanshan Island, both of which are located on the expansive but otherwise submerged Flat Island Bank in the northeast part of the Dangerous Ground area in the South China Sea.

It is the sixth largest of the Philippine-occupied Spratly islands and is administered by the Philippines as part of Kalayaan, Palawan. The island is also claimed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam.