hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arch of Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius
The Arch of Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius (Latin: Arcus Gratiani, Valentiniani et Theodosii) was a triumphal arch built between 379 and 383 AD in Rome. It was situated at the south end of the Pons Aelius, near to the site later occupied by the church of San Celso. It formed as a monumental entrance arch to the bridge.

It was built by Gratian, Valentinian II and Theodosius I from their own money. It was mentioned in the Einsiedeln Itinerary, the Mirabilia and the Ordo Benedicti. It was destroyed before the 14th century and the papacy of Pope Urban V, an era when it was described as destroyed. Some remains were still visible until the 16th century.

Ponte Sant'Angelo
Ponte Sant'Angelo, originally the Aelian Bridge or Pons Aelius, is a Roman bridge in Rome, Italy, completed in 134 AD by Roman Emperor Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus), to span the Tiber from the city centre to his newly constructed mausoleum, now the towering Castel Sant'Angelo. The bridge is faced with travertine marble and spans the Tiber with five arches, three of which are Roman; it was approached by means of a ramp from the river. The bridge is now solely pedestrian and provides a scenic view of Castel Sant'Angelo. It links the rioni of Ponte (which was named after the bridge itself), and Borgo, to which the bridge administratively belongs.
Borsch (surname)
Borsch or Börsch is a German and North American last name which is either derived from the first name of Latin origin Liborius or from a diminutive of the Slavic personal name Borislav (from Proto-Slavic *boriti "to battle" and *slàva "glory, fame").
Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Börsch  (1854–1920), German geodesist, astronomer, and geophysicist

Axel Börsch-Supan (born 1954), German economist

Frederick H. Borsch (1935–2017), American clergyman

João Borsch (born 2000), stage name of Portuguese musician João Borges

Karl Borsch (born 1959), German clergyman

Stefan Borsch (born 1947), Swedish musician

Willie Borsch (1930–1991), American AA/FA and funny car drag racer

João Borsch
João Diogo Santos Borges (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w diˈoɣu ˈsɐ̃tuʒ ˈβɔɾʒɨʃ]; born 2000), known professionally as João Borsch (pronounced [ʒuˈɐ̃w ˈbɔɾʃ]), is a Portuguese singer, songwriter and musician. They competed in Festival da Canção 2024.
Kirklees Brook
Kirklees Brook is a minor river in Greater Manchester, England. It is 6.56 miles (10.556 km) long and including tributaries has a catchment area of 5.23 square miles (13.547 km2).

Kirklees Brook springs from the slopes of Holcombe Moor at Grainings on the modern boundary with Lancashire, north of Hawkshaw, flowing south. At Brookhouse Mill between Greenmount and Tottington there are a number of small connected reservoirs. It is known as Woodhill Brook for a short stretch before joining the River Irwell in the Woodhill area of Bury.

Bury, Greater Manchester
Bury (/ˈbɛri/, /ˈbʊri/) is a market town on the River Irwell in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 81,101 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 193,846.

The town is part of the historic county of Lancashire but has been a part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester since 1974. Bury emerged in the Industrial Revolution as a mill town manufacturing textiles. The town is known for the open-air Bury Market and black pudding, the traditional local dish.

Sir Robert Peel was born in the town. Peel was a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who founded the Metropolitan Police and the Conservative Party. There is a memorial and a monument for Peel, the former stands outside Bury Parish church and the latter overlooks the borough on Holcombe Hill. The town is 5 miles (8 km) east of Bolton, 6 miles (9.7 km) south-west of Rochdale and 8 miles (12.9 km) north-west of Manchester.
Days of week on Hebrew calendar
The modern Hebrew calendar has been designed to ensure that certain holy days and festivals do not fall on certain days of the week. As a result, there are only four possible patterns of days on which festivals can fall. (Note that Jewish days start at sunset of the preceding day indicated in this article.)

Havdalah
Havdalah (Hebrew: הַבְדָּלָה, romanized: haḇdālā, lit. 'separation', Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אבדלתא, romanized: aḇdāltā) is a Jewish religious ceremony that marks the symbolic end of Shabbat and ushers in the new week. The ritual involves lighting a special candle with several wicks, blessing a cup of wine, and smelling sweet spices (Hebrew: בְּשָׂמִים, romanized: bǝśāmim, lit. '"besamim"'). Shabbat ends on Saturday night after the appearance of three stars in the sky.: 137  If one forgot or was otherwise not able to recite Havdalah earlier, it may be performed as late as sunset of the Tuesday following Shabbat; however, when it is recited after Saturday night the blessings of the spices and candle are omitted, and only the blessings on the wine and the havdalah itself are recited.
Havdalah is also recited at the conclusion of the biblical holidays.
Dakota-Arm River
Dakota-Arm River is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. This constituency is located in south central Saskatchewan. The district was created as Arm River for the 1908 Saskatchewan general election, and it was last contested in the 2020 election. Grain farming and cattle ranching are the major economic activities of the area. The two largest towns in the constituency are Davidson and Outlook. Much of the Highway 11 corridor connecting Regina and Saskatoon lies within the constituency.

Outlook, Saskatchewan
Outlook is a town in west central Saskatchewan, Canada about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south-southwest of Saskatoon. It is located along the South Saskatchewan River, downstream from Gardiner Dam and the Coteau Creek Hydroelectric Station.
Pankaj Rajesh Bhoyar
Dr.Pankaj Rajesh Bhoyar is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He represents the Wardha Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party. Bhoyar's election victory has resulted in BJP winning two seats in Wardha district for the first time ever. In 2014, Bhoyar has been a newcomer to the BJP, and is considered as being from the Datta Meghe group. Bhoyar has been president of Wardha district Indian Youth Congress.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
Little Mother (1973 film)
Little Mother (also known as Woman of the Year) is a 1973 drama, romance, cult film directed by Radley Metzger and starring Christiane Krüger, Siegfried Rauch and Ivan Desny. The story was loosely modelled on that of Eva Peron in Argentina. It was a co-production between the United States, West Germany and Yugoslavia.

Radley Metzger
Radley Metzger (January 21, 1929 – March 31, 2017) was an American filmmaker and film distributor, most noted for popular artistic pornographic films, including Thérèse and Isabelle (1968), Camille 2000 (1969), The Lickerish Quartet (1970), Score (1974), The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann (1974), The Image (1975), The Opening of Misty Beethoven (1976) and Barbara Broadcast (1977). According to one film reviewer, Metzger's films, including those made during the Golden Age of Porn (1969–1984), are noted for their "lavish design, witty screenplays, and a penchant for the unusual camera angle". Film and audio works by Metzger have been added to the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City.
Pista Dankó
Pista Dankó was a Hungarian-born bandleader and composer belonging to the Romani people. He primarily worked in the folk music styles popular in Hungary in the 19th century. He was frequently known by the nickname "Nótafa", a Hungarian word meaning "ballad-singer of folk music".

Bandleader
A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a dance band, rock or pop band or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.
Ashraf Muhammad Yusuf Uthman Abd al-Salam
Ashraf Muhammad Yusuf Uthman Abd al-Salam (Arabic: عبد السلام عثمان يوسف محمد اشرف; born 1984) is a financial and logistical supporter of al-Qaeda, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (previously known as the al-Nusra Front) and al-Qaeda in Iraq. Al-Salam is a U.S. Department of the Treasury labeled Specially Designated Global Terrorist and was added to the United Nations and European Union sanctions lists for his association to the al-Qaeda network. Al-Salam has been fighting in Syria since early 2014.

Al-Qaeda in Iraq
Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) was a Salafi jihadist organization affiliated with al-Qaeda. It was founded on 17 October 2004, and was led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi until its disbandment on 15 October 2006 after he was killed in a targeted bombing on 7 June 2006 in Hibhib, Iraq by the United States Air Force.

The group was started as Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999. In 2004 it pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda. Under the leadership of al-Zarqawi, AQI was engaged in various militant activities during the early stages of the Iraqi insurgency, with the objective of expelling the U.S.-led coalition and establishing an Islamic state in Iraq. In January 2006, AQI and seven other Sunni guerrilla groups formed the Mujahideen Shura Council (MSC), which on 15 October 2006 disbanded to form the "Islamic State of Iraq."
Alexandra Braun
Alexandra Braun Waldeck ([aleɣˈsandɾa ˈβɾawm ˈbaldek], born May 19, 1983) is a Venezuelan actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Earth 2005.

Braun has won four international best actress awards in various film festivals all over the world for her portrayal of the lead role in the movie, "Uma" at the London Film Festival, Monaco International Film Festival, the Milan International Film Festival and the Georgia Latino Film Festival in Atlanta. The film also won recognition in the "Film of the World" category at the International Film Festival of India and won best foreign film at the Burbank International Film Festival in the United States.

Burbank International Film Festival
The Burbank International Film Festival (BIFF) is an annual film festival held since 2009 in Burbank, California, United States. It was founded by Val Tonione, and awards are distributed to filmmakers that have focused on social and environmental issues.

In 2023, the festival honored filmmaker Tim Burton at their 15th annual film festival.
Exshaw Formation
The Exshaw Formation is a stratigraphic unit in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It takes the name from the hamlet of Exshaw, Alberta, in the Canadian Rockies, and was first described from outcrops on the banks of Jura Creek north of Exshaw by P.S. Warren in 1937. The formation is of Late Devonian (late Famennian) to Early Mississippian (middle Tournaisian) age as determined by conodont biostratigraphy, and it straddles the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary.

The Exshaw strata were deposited in a marine setting during the Hangenberg event, an oceanic anoxic event associated with the Late Devonian extinction. The black shales of the Exshaw Formation are rich in organic matter and are one of the most important petroleum source rocks of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
Hippobotus
Hippobotus (/hɪˈpɒbətəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἱππόβοτος; fl. c. 200 BC) was a Greek historian of philosophers and philosophical schools. His writings are frequently quoted by Diogenes Laërtius. He wrote On the Sects (Greek: Περὶ Αἱρέσεων) and a Register of Philosophers (Greek: Τῶν Φιλοσόφων Ἀναγραφή). He treated philosophers as early as the Seven Sages and Pythagoras, and as late as Crates, Menedemus, and Zeno, hence it is inferred that he wrote in the 3rd or 2nd century BC. His work included lists of pupils of Zeno and Timon. Diogenes Laërtius relates that Hippobotus refused to put the Cynic, Eleatic and Dialectical schools into his On Sects.

Eleatics
The Eleatics were a group of pre-Socratic philosophers and school of thought in the 5th century BC centered around the ancient Greek colony of Elea (Ancient Greek: Ἐλέα), located around 80 miles south-east of Naples in southern Italy, then known as Magna Graecia.

The primary philosophers who are associated with the Eleatic doctrines are Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, and Melissus of Samos, although other Italian philosophers such as Xenophanes of Colophon and Empedocles have also sometimes been classified as members of this movement. The Eleatics have traditionally been seen as advocating a strict metaphysical view of monism in response to the materialist monism advocated by their predecessors, the Ionian school.
Valery Yemelyanov
Valery Nikolayevich Yemelyanov (Russian: Валерий Николаевич Емельянов; 24 May 1929 – 9 May 1999) was a Soviet-Russian Arabist and public figure, teacher of Arabic and Hebrew, and candidate of economic sciences.

Yemelyanov was a member of the so-called "anti-Zionist circle", which was part of the Russian nationalist movement in the USSR, which became known as the "Russian party". He was one of the founders of Russian neo-paganism, a representative of the "first wave" of the Russian neo-pagan movement, the creator of a pseudo-historical concept of the ancient civilization of the "Aryo-Veneti", and an author of antisemitic ideas. He was the founder and chairman of World Anti-Zionist and Anti-Masonic Front (VASAMF) "Pamyat" (the neo-pagan wing of the far-right Pamyat society) and author of the books Dezionization and Jewish Nazism and the Asiatic Mode of Production. He was one of the most notable "anti-Zionists" in the Soviet Union.

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.
North American Sabreliner
The North American Sabreliner, later sold as the Rockwell Sabreliner, is an American mid-sized business jet developed by North American Aviation. It was offered to the United States Air Force (USAF) in response to its Utility Trainer Experimental (UTX) program. It was named "Sabreliner" due to the similarity of the wing and tail to North American's F-86 Sabre jet fighter. Military variants, designated T-39 Sabreliner, were used by the USAF, United States Navy (USN), and United States Marine Corps (USMC) after the USAF placed an initial order in 1959. The Sabreliner was also developed into a commercial variant.

Patriots Jet Team
The Patriots Jet Team is a civilian aerobatic formation team that performs in air shows across the western United States of America. The team operates as a six-ship team, flying the Czech-built Aero L-39 Albatros. The Patriots are based in Byron, California.

The team began flying demonstrations in 2003 with two L-39 aircraft. In the 2004 airshow season, a third L-39 was added. With the success of the 2005 season, the Patriots added a fourth jet for the 2006 season. In 2010, the Patriots Jet Team expanded to a six-ship aerobatic formation team.

The team is owned by Randy Howell, a former United Airlines pilot. It is sponsored by companies including Stellant Systems, Inc. and supported by a ground crew of more than 25 volunteers.
2013 Sony Open Tennis – Women's singles
Serena Williams defeated Maria Sharapova in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–0 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2013 Miami Open. It was her record sixth Miami Open title, and Sharapova's fifth runner-up finish without winning the title.

Agnieszka Radwańska was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Williams.

Sílvia Soler Espinosa
Sílvia Soler Espinosa (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsilβja soˈleɾ espiˈnosa]; born 19 November 1987) is a retired Spanish tennis player.

In her career, she won one doubles title on the WTA Tour, as well as five singles and two doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 21 May 2012, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 54. On 28 April 2014, she peaked at No. 39 in the doubles rankings.

Playing for Spain Fed Cup team, Soler Espinosa has a win–loss record of 4–11.
A Piece of the Night
A Piece of the Night is Michèle Roberts' first published novel, released in 1978. The novel is semi-autobiographical. It was described by Valentine Cunningham in New Statesman as "a runaway chaos of inchoate bits", and Blake Morrison wrote in The Times Literary Supplement that much of A Piece of the Night "gives the same impression of a book written under the stern eye of a women's workshop group". The novel won the Gay News Book Award 1979.

Blake Morrison
Philip Blake Morrison (born 8 October 1950) is an English poet and author who has published in a wide range of fiction and non-fiction genres. His greatest success came with the publication of his memoirs And When Did You Last See Your Father? (1993), which won the J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography and was made into a drama film of the same title. He has also written a study of the murder of James Bulger, As If (1997).

Since 2003, Morrison has been Professor of Creative and Life Writing at Goldsmiths College, University of London. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
Okhmativ
Okhmativ (Ukrainian: Охматів, Polish: Ochmatów) is a village in Uman Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine with about 800 inhabitants. It belongs to Bashtechky rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

It (or its vicinity) was the site of two large battles in the 17th century: Battle of Ochmatów (1644) and Battle of Okhmativ (1655).

Until 18 July 2020, Okhmativ belonged to Zhashkiv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Zhashkiv Raion was merged into Uman Raion.

Uman Raion
Uman Raion (Ukrainian: Уманський район, romanized: Umans'kyi raion) is a raion (district) in the west of Cherkasy Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Uman. Population: 247,847 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Uman Raion was significantly expanded. Four abolished raions, Khrystynivka, Mankivka, Monastyryshche, and Zhashkiv Raions, as well as the city of Uman, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Uman Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 41,994 (2020 est.).
Fredo Bang
Fredrick Dewon Thomas Givens II (born March 29, 1999), known professionally as Fredo Bang, is an American rapper from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He is best known for his 2020 single "Top" (remixed featuring Lil Durk), which received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His debut studio album, Most Hated (2020), was released by Se Lavi Productions and Def Jam Recordings, and executive produced by Moneybagg Yo.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Albínovská hora
Albínovská hora, sometimes also Albínovská hôrka (translated to English as Albinov Hill or Albinov Mountain, in local dialect Baňa—Mine from Hungarian Bánya) is a hill located on the west part of Sub-Slanec Hills, division of Eastern Slovak Hills, in eastern Slovakia. The hill is high 177 metres (581 ft) and it is located in the administrative area of Sečovce, 1.7 kilometres (1 mi) north of the residential area.

Remains of Tertiary volcanic activity in the area (see Slanské Hills) is andesite and characteristic tuff, covered under layers by Neogene sedimentary rocks – gravel, sand, kaolin etc.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain
Walter Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain (23 October 1895 – 29 December 1966) was a British neurologist. He was principal author of the standard work on neurology, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, and longtime editor of the neurological medical journal titled Brain. He is also eponymised with "Brain's reflex", a reflex exhibited by humans when assuming the quadrupedal position.

Quadrupedalism
Quadrupedalism is a form of locomotion in which animals have four legs that are used to bear weight and move around. An animal or machine that usually maintains a four-legged posture and moves using all four legs is said to be a quadruped (from Latin quattuor for "four", and pes, pedis for "foot"). Quadruped animals are found among both vertebrates and invertebrates.