hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FTSE Russell
FTSE Russell is a subsidiary of London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) that produces, maintains, licenses, and markets stock market indices. The division is notable for the FTSE 100 Index in the UK and the Russell 2000 Index in the US, among others.

The brand and division FTSE Russell was introduced in 2015, while integrating the indexing services of FTSE index series and Russell index series. In the same year, LSEG sold Frank Russell Company's asset management division Russell Investments. Also in 2015, FTSE Russell acquired the corporate data company Mergent.

In December 2020, FTSE Russell announced that it would strip its indexes of eight Chinese companies in response to U.S. Executive Order 13959.

On 2 March 2022,  in response to the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation and resultant sanctions, FTSE Russell removed all Russian securities from all FTSE Russell indexes.

Stock market index
In finance, a stock market index or stock index is an index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.

Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it is investable and transparent: The methods of its construction are specified. Investors may be able to invest in a stock market index by buying an index fund, which is structured as either a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund, and "tracks" an index. The difference between an index fund's performance and the index, if any, is called tracking error.
Law of the Saddle
Law of the Saddle is a 1943 American Western film directed by Melville De Lay and written by Fred Myton. The film stars Robert Livingston as the Lone Rider and Al St. John as his sidekick "Fuzzy Jones", with Betty Miles, Lane Chandler, John Elliott and Reed Howes. The film was released on July 20, 1943, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

This is the sixteenth movie in the Lone Rider series, and the fifth starring Robert Livingston. The first eleven movies star George Houston.

Fred Myton
Fred Myton (November 15, 1885 – June 6, 1955) was an American screenwriter. He wrote 168 films between 1916 and 1952, mostly low-budget "B" pictures for Poverty Row studios and independent producers. He wrote many films for Producers Releasing Corporation.
Air pollution in Taiwan
Air pollution in Taiwan is mostly derived from sources of domestic combustion, primarily the burning of fossil fuels. Taiwan's topography has been noted to be a contributing factor to its air pollution problem, leading to poor dispersal and trapping pollutants. Taipei, Taiwan's capital and largest city for example, is surrounded by mountains, and other industrial centers along the northern and western coasts of Taiwan are surrounded by high mountains.

Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas.  It is a paramagnetic, bent molecule with C2v point group symmetry. Industrially, NO2 is an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year, primarily for the production of fertilizers.

Nitrogen dioxide is poisonous and can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. Cooking with a gas stove produces nitrogen dioxide which causes poorer indoor air quality. Combustion of gas can lead to increased concentrations of nitrogen dioxide throughout the home environment which is linked to respiratory issues and diseases. The LC50 (median lethal dose)  for humans has been estimated to be 174 ppm for a 1-hour exposure. It is also included in the NOx family of atmospheric pollutants.
Bazargah, Qazvin
Bazargah (Persian: بازرگاه, also Romanized as Bāzargāh and Bāzargā; also known as Bāzargān and Bāzār) is a village in Dastjerd Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 11 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Gloved finger sign
The gloved finger sign is a radiologic sign observed on chest radiographs or CT scans that indicates the presence of mucoid impaction in the lungs. Mucoid impaction occurs when bronchi become dilated and filled with mucus. This abnormality appears as branching tubular opacities projecting out from the hila towards the periphery of the lungs, resembling gloved fingers. The gloved finger sign has been observed in the imaging of several conditions, including bronchial atresia, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, foreign body aspiration, benign tumors, and malignancies.

Foreign body aspiration
Foreign body aspiration occurs when a foreign body enters the airway which can cause difficulty breathing or choking. Objects may reach the respiratory tract and the digestive tract from the mouth and nose, but when an object enters the respiratory tract it is termed aspiration. The foreign body can then become lodged in the trachea or further down the respiratory tract such as in a bronchus. Regardless of the type of object, any aspiration can be a life-threatening situation and requires timely recognition and action to minimize risk of complications. While advances have been made in management of this condition leading to significantly improved clinical outcomes, there were still 2,700 deaths resulting from foreign body aspiration in 2018.  Approximately one child dies every five days due to choking on food in the United States, highlighting the need for improvements in education and prevention.
Zip Feed Tower
The Zip Feed Tower was a grain elevator and feed mill in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. At 202 feet (62 meters), it was the tallest occupiable structure in South Dakota from its construction in 1956–57 until its demolition in December 2005. The mill closed in 2000 and in 2005 was scheduled for demolition to make way for office and retail space.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
Laurent-Emmanuel Calvet
Laurent-Emmanuel Calvet (born 28 February 1969) is a French economist and a professor of finance. He is President of the European Finance Association.

Calvet is a Professor of Finance at SKEMA Business School. He previously held faculty positions at Harvard University, HEC Paris, Imperial College London, and EDHEC Business School.

Calvet is a founding member of the Centre for Economic Policy Research's Household Finance Research Network. He serves on the Advisory Scientific Committee of the European Systemic Risk Board.

European Systemic Risk Board
The European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is a group established on 16 December 2010 in response to the euro area crisis. It is tasked with the macro-prudential oversight of the financial system within the European Union in order to contribute to the prevention or mitigation of systemic risks to financial stability in the EU. It shall contribute to the smooth functioning of the internal market and thereby ensure a sustainable contribution of the financial sector to economic growth.

The ESRB is a macro-prudential oversight body of the EU and it is part of the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS), the purpose of which is to ensure the supervision of the EU's financial system. As a body lacking juridical personality, the ESRB relies on hosting and support by the European Central Bank. It includes representatives from the ECB, national central banks and supervisory authorities of EU member states, and the European Commission.
Provinces of Colombia
Colombia is divided into 32 departments. These in turn are divided into municipalities, though some receive the special category of district. However, there are also provinces, a generic name applied to provinces, districts, regions and subregions. These are generally internal administrative authorities of the departments, more historical than legal. Most Colombian departments have this kind of subdivision. Those that do not are the departments of Amazonas, Arauca, Caquetá, Casanare, Guainía, Guaviare, Putumayo, San Andrés y Providencia, Vaupés, and Vichada.

Guaviare Department
Guaviare (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwaˈβjaɾe]) is a department of Colombia. It is in the southern central region of the country. Its capital is San José del Guaviare. Guaviare was created on July 4, 1991, by the new Political Constitution of Colombia. Up until that point, it was a national territory that operated as a commissariat, segregated from territory of the then Commissariat of Vaupés on December 23, 1977.
Sheep's Green Bridge
Sheep's Green Bridge is a footbridge over the River Cam in Cambridge, England. It is the second bridge on the river as it flows into Cambridge. It connects Coe Fen near Sheep's Green and Lammas Land. 
The bridge was opened in 1910 to replace the chain ferry taking ladies over to the bathing place on Sheep's Green. After deterioration in the bridge's condition
it was reconstructed in 2006, the decking was relaid and the steps were replaced with ramps.

The bridge is featured in the music video for "High Hopes" by the English Rock Band Pink Floyd, released in 1994.

Cable ferry
A cable ferry (including the types chain ferry, rope ferry, swing ferry, floating bridge, or punt) is a ferry that is guided (and in many cases propelled) across a river or large body of water by cables connected to both shores. The earliest examples date from the 13th century, and often used either rope or steel chains. These were largely replaced by wire cable by the late 19th century. Cable ferries use relatively little energy, but can hinder other craft.
Frobenius algebra
In mathematics, especially in the fields of representation theory and module theory, a Frobenius algebra is a finite-dimensional unital associative algebra with a special kind of bilinear form which gives the algebras particularly nice duality theories.  Frobenius algebras began to be studied in the 1930s by Richard Brauer and Cecil Nesbitt and were named after Georg Frobenius. Tadashi Nakayama discovered the beginnings of a rich duality theory (Nakayama 1939), (Nakayama 1941). Jean Dieudonné used this to characterize Frobenius algebras (Dieudonné 1958).  Frobenius algebras were generalized to quasi-Frobenius rings, those Noetherian rings whose right regular representation is injective. In recent times, interest has been renewed in Frobenius algebras due to connections to topological quantum field theory.

Cecil J. Nesbitt
Cecil James Nesbitt, Ph.D., F.S.A., M.A.A.A. (1912–2001) was a mathematician who was a Ph.D. student of Richard Brauer and wrote many influential papers in the early history of modular representation theory.

Nesbitt taught actuarial mathematics at the University of Michigan from 1938 to 1980.  Nesbitt was born in Ontario, Canada. He received his mathematical education at the University of Toronto and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.  He served the Society of Actuaries from 1985 to 1987 as Vice-President for Research and Studies. He developed the Schuette–Nesbitt formula with Donald R. Schuette.
Reciprocal gamma function
In mathematics, the reciprocal gamma function is the function

where Γ(z) denotes the gamma function. Since the gamma function is meromorphic and nonzero everywhere in the complex plane, its reciprocal is an entire function. As an entire function, it is of order 1 (meaning that log log |⁠1/Γ(z)⁠| grows no faster than log |z|), but of infinite type (meaning that log |⁠1/Γ(z)⁠| grows faster than any multiple of |z|, since its growth is approximately proportional to |z| log |z| in the left-half plane).

The reciprocal is sometimes used as a starting point for numerical computation of the gamma function, and a few software libraries provide it separately from the regular gamma function.

Karl Weierstrass called the reciprocal gamma function the "factorielle" and used it in his development of the Weierstrass factorization theorem.

Euler's constant
Euler's constant (sometimes called the Euler–Mascheroni constant) is a mathematical constant, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma (γ), defined as the limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm, denoted here by log:

Here, ⌊·⌋ represents the floor function.

The numerical value of Euler's constant, to 50 decimal places, is:
My Aquarium
My Aquarium, known in Japan as Blue Oasis: Sakana no Iyashi Kūkan (ブルーオアシス 〜魚の癒し空間〜, Burū Oashisu 〜Sakana no Iyashi Kūkan〜), is a virtual pet video game by Hudson Soft for WiiWare and PlayStation Network. It was released in Japan on June 24, 2008, in the PAL region on August 15, 2008 and in North America on September 1, 2008 for the WiiWare; and in September 2010 for the PlayStation Network.

Virtual pet
A virtual pet (also known as a digital pet, artificial pet, or pet-raising simulation) is a type of artificial human companion. They are usually kept for companionship or enjoyment, or as an alternative to a real pet.

Digital pets have no concrete physical form other than the hardware they run on. Interaction with virtual pets may or may not be goal oriented. If it is, then the user must keep it alive as long as possible and often help it to grow into higher forms. Keeping the pet alive and growing often requires feeding, grooming and playing with the pet. Some digital pets require more than just food to keep them alive.  Daily interaction is required in the form of playing games, virtual petting, providing love and acknowledgment can help keep your virtual pet happy and growing healthy.

Digital pets can be simulations of real animals, as in the Petz series, or fantasy ones, like the Tamagotchi or Digimon series. Unlike biological simulations, the pet does not usually reproduce.
2018 Copa Colsanitas – Doubles
Beatriz Haddad Maia and Nadia Podoroska were the defending champions, but Haddad Maia could not participate this year due to a right wrist injury. Podoroska played alongside Mariana Duque Mariño, but lost in the final to Dalila Jakupović and Irina Khromacheva, 3–6, 4–6.

Nadia Podoroska
Nadia Natacha Podoroska (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌnaðja poðoˈɾoska]; born 10 February 1997) is an Argentine professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 36, achieved on 12 July 2021 and a best doubles ranking of No. 62, attained on 18 October 2021.

Podoroska has won one WTA Tour title in doubles at 2017 Copa Colsanitas, with Beatriz Haddad Maia. She also earned three WTA Challenger Tour singles trophies and multiple titles on the ITF Circuit.

Podoroska competed for Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Teng Hock Nan
Teng Hock Nan (born 17 April 1945) is a Malaysian politician. He served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under Chief Minister Koh Tsu Koon from 1999 to 2004, Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kebun Bunga from October 1990 to March 2004 and Pulau Tikus from March 2004 to March 2008. He is a member of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan), a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN) and formerly BN coalitions.

Teng Hock Nan had served as Chairman of Penang Island Municipal Council. Teng once seen as candidate of Chief Minister of Penang after the 2008 general election alongside his colleague Teng Chang Yeow.

He is currently one of the Board of Director of Penang Chinese Girls Private High School. He also served as Director Of Yayasan Kek Lok Si, Medical Superintendent Of Kek Lok Si Charitable Hospital.

Kebun Bunga
Kebun Bunga is a state constituency in Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Penang State Legislative Assembly since 1986. It covers the Penang Botanic Gardens, after which it is named, as well as parts of George Town's western suburbs - Tanjung Tokong and Air Itam.

The state constituency was first contested in 1986 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system. Since 2018, the State Assemblyman for Kebun Bunga is Ong Khan Lee from Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR), which is part of the state's ruling coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH).

Lee Boon Heng from People's Justice Party (Malaysia) currently serves as the state assemblyman for Kebun Bunga.
Red river hog
The red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus) or bushpig (a name also used for Potamochoerus larvatus) is a wild member of the pig family living in Africa, with most of its distribution in the Guinean and Congolian forests. It is rarely seen away from rainforests, and generally prefers areas near rivers or swamps.

Suidae
Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs, or swine. In addition to numerous fossil species, 18 extant species are currently recognized (or 19 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified into between four and eight genera. Within this family, the genus Sus includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, and many species of wild pig from Europe to the Pacific. Other genera include babirusas and warthogs. All suids, or swine, are native to the Old World, ranging across Afro-Eurasia.

The earliest fossil suids date from the Oligocene epoch in Asia, and their descendants reached Europe during the Miocene. Several fossil species are known and show adaptations to a wide range of different diets, from strict herbivory to possible carrion-eating (in Tetraconodontinae).
Virtual Sexuality
Virtual Sexuality is a 1999 film directed by Nick Hurran and starring Laura Fraser, Rupert Penry-Jones, Luke de Lacey, and Kieran O'Brien. The screenplay concerns a young woman who designs the perfect man at a virtual reality convention, but then an accident occurs causing the man to be brought to life.

Nick Hurran
Nick Hurran (born 1959) is a British film and television director. His 1998 film Girls' Night was entered into the 48th Berlin International Film Festival.

Hurran is married to a television producer, Michele Buck, with whom he has two children.
Thomas Stelzer (politician)
Thomas Stelzer (born February 21, 1967, in Linz) is an Austrian politician who is serving as the current Governor of Upper Austria since 2017. Stelzer studied law at the Johannes Kepler University Linz from 1985 to 1990. Before becoming Governor, Stelzer was the Deputy Governor of Upper Austria from 2015 to 2017. He was a member of the Upper Austrian Parliament from 1997 to 2015.

He is Knight of Honor of the Order of St. George.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Dan Slobin
Dan Isaac Slobin (born May 7, 1939) is a professor emeritus of psychology and linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. Slobin has made major contributions to the study of children's language acquisition, and his work has demonstrated the importance of cross-linguistic comparison for the study of language acquisition and psycholinguistics in general.

Slobin received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Michigan in 1960 and a Ph.D. in social psychology from Harvard University in 1964.  In addition to working at the University of California, Berkeley, Slobin has served as a visiting professor at several universities around the world, including Boğaziçi University, Tel-Aviv University, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Stanford University.

Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
The Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik; Dutch: Max Planck Instituut voor Psycholinguïstiek) is a research institute located on the campus of Radboud University Nijmegen in Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands. The institute was founded in 1980 by Dutch psycholinguist Pim Levelt and is dedicated exclusively to psycholinguistics. It is one of the few institutes of the Max Planck Society situated outside Germany. According to the ranking of Web of World Research Centers, the institute ranks second amongst all Max Planck Institutes (MPI) in terms of visibility and eighth in terms of size.
Sana Konung
The Sana Konung (Meitei: ꯁꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ, romanized: sa-naa ko-noong, lit. '"Golden Palace" or "Royal Palace"') is the royal palace of the rulers of Manipur and their present-day descendants. After the 1891 Anglo-Manipur War, the British took over the Kangla Palace, and Sana Konung was built as the new royal residence, first occupied by Maharaja Churachand Singh in 1908.

Churachand Singh
Maharaja Sir Churachand Singh KCSI CBE, also known as Churachandra or Chura Chand (15 April 1885 – 6 November 1941), was a ruler of the princely state of Manipur under the British Raj. He was a great-grandson of Raja Nara Singh who had ruled up to 1850 prior to Raja Chandrakirti Singh. Churachand Singh's investiture followed the quelling of the Manipur Rebellion of 1891, when the entire ruling family was convicted. Churachand Singh enjoyed a long reign until 1941, but his power was nominal.
Princess of Wales
Princess of Wales (Welsh: Tywysoges Cymru; Latin: Principissa Cambriae/Walliae) is a title used since the 14th century by the wife of the Prince of Wales. The Princess is the apparent future queen consort, as "Prince of Wales" is a title reserved by custom for the heir apparent to the British throne, and earlier the English throne. The current title-holder is Catherine (née Middleton).

When the title was first recorded it was not connected to the English throne; it developed in an independent Wales when it was held by Eleanor de Montfort, wife of the native Prince of Wales Llywelyn ap Gruffydd.

Middleton family
The Middleton family is an English family that has been related to the British royal family by marriage since the wedding of Catherine Middleton to Prince William in April 2011, when she became the Duchess of Cambridge. The couple have three children: George, Charlotte and Louis. Tracing their origins back to the Tudor era, the Middleton family of Yorkshire of the late 18th century were recorded as owning property of the Rectory Manor of Wakefield with the land passing down to solicitor William Middleton who established the family law firm in Leeds which spanned five generations. Some members of the firm inherited woollen mills after the First World War. By the turn of the 20th century, the Middleton family had married into the British nobility and, by the 1920s, the family were playing host to the British royal family.