hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bob Bateman
Robert Bateman (born February 15, 1954) was an American football player. He played quarterback for the Vermont Catamounts football team. He "had the dual distinct of being UVM's last quarterback and perhaps the school's best." He earned several awards "including All-Yankee Conference, All-ECAC, All-New England, and All-America." He transferred to Brown.

The Cincinnati Bengals selected him in seventh round of the 1976 NFL draft. He was a member of the Bengals, the New England Patriots, and the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League.

He allegedly once played for UTEP under a pseudonym.

Vermont Catamounts football
The Vermont Catamounts football program was the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Vermont located in Burlington, Vermont. The team competed in the NCAA Division I and were members of the Yankee Conference. The school's first football team was fielded in 1886. The football program was discontinued at the conclusion of the 1974 season.

Vermont fields a team at the club football level, in a conference that also uses the Yankee Conference name.
Way of Horus (Ancient Egypt)
The Way of Horus (alternatives: Horusway, wꜣwt Ḥr) ,  was a route from the Nile Delta along the northern coast of the Sinai peninsula connecting  Egypt with the Levant regions. It is known from the Old, Middle, and New Kingdom of Egypt maintained and controlled until the reign of the Saite kings of the 26th Dynasty (664–525 BC). This route played a significant role in political and cultural interactions with the Levant passing  through envoys, traders, migrant workers, nomads, and urban dwellers from various areas of the Mediterranean and the Near East. However, during the New Kingdom it was the main route for military expeditions to Palestine. As the most expedient land route between Egypt and Canaan, the Ways of Horus was of immense strategic importance  Later version of the route became known as the Via Maris.

Kadesh (Syria)
Kadesh, or Qadesh, was an ancient city of the Levant on or near the headwaters or a ford of the Orontes River. It was of some importance during the Late Bronze Age and is mentioned in the Amarna letters. It was the site of the Battle of Kadesh between the Hittite and Egyptian empires in the 13th century BC.
Fungi (music)
Fungi is the name given to the local musical form of the British Virgin Islands. It is also the native music of the U.S. Virgin Islands, where it is known as quelbe. Fungi music is an expression of Virgin Islands culture as it shows the islands' African and European influences in a unique sound. The name fungi comes from a local dish of the same name. It is a cornmeal-based food which is made with different ingredients including okra, onions, and green peppers, and is sometimes served plain. This "cook-up" which is a savoury fusion of different flavors creates something new. Similarly, Fungi music is a blend of many different instruments and styles. A fungi band is based on the fusion of a wide range of instruments, many of which are homemade. The beat of the double bass is usually the base for a colourful mix of sounds and instruments.

Capsicum
Capsicum (/ˈkæpsɪkəm/) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to the Americas, cultivated worldwide for their edible fruit, which are generally known as "peppers" or "capsicum". Chili peppers grow on five species of Capsicum. Sweet or bell peppers and some chili peppers are Capsicum annuum, making it the most cultivated species in the genus.
Valdai Hills
The Valdai Hills, sometimes shortened to Valdai, are an upland region in the north-west of central European Russia running north–south, about midway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, spanning Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, and Smolensk Oblasts.

The Valdai Hills are a popular tourist destination, particularly for fishing. The towns of Ostashkov and Valday are also known for their historical associations.

Valdaysky National Park was established in 1990 in the southern part of Novgorod Oblast to protect the landscapes of the highest part of the hills. The park includes Lake Valdayskoye and the northern section of Lake Seliger, as well as the town of Valday. Since 2004, the National Park has the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

Smolensk Oblast
Smolensk Oblast (Russian: Смоленская область, romanized: Smolenskaya oblastʹ), informally also called Smolenshchina (Смоленщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 888,421.
Lesueurina platycephala
Lesueurina platycephala, the flathead pygmy-stargazer, is a species of southern sandfish endemic to the coastal waters of southern Australia.  It occurs in areas with a sandy substrate and turbulent waters at depths of from near the surface to 1 metre (3.3 ft).  This species grows to a length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) SL.  This species is the only known member of its genus. It is an ambush predator which occurs from Fraser Island in Queensland south along the Australian coast, including Tasmania, and west to Coral Bay, Western Australia. The generic name honours the French artist and naturalist Charles Alexandre Lesueur (1778-1846) who visited Australia on the vessels Géographe and Naturaliste under the leadership of Nicolas Baudin (1880-1804) and who later worked as an ichthyologist in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Nicolas Baudin
Nicolas Thomas Baudin (French: [nikɔla bodɛ̃]; 17 February 1754 – 16 September 1803) was a French explorer, cartographer, naturalist and hydrographer, most notable for his explorations in Australia and the southern Pacific. He carried a few corms of Gros Michel banana from Southeast Asia, depositing them at a botanical garden on the Caribbean island of Martinique.
4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC. Some of the major changes in human culture during this time included the beginning of the Bronze Age and the invention of writing, which played a major role in starting recorded history.

The city states of Sumer and the (Predynastic) Kingdom of Egypt were established and grew to prominence. Agriculture spread widely across Eurasia.

World population growth relaxed after the burst that came about from the Neolithic Revolution. World population was largely stable in this time at roughly 50 million, growing at an average of 0.027% per year.

Mesoamerican Long Count calendar
The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is a non-repeating base-20 and base-18 calendar used by pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya. For this reason, it is often known as the Maya Long Count calendar. Using a modified vigesimal tally, the Long Count calendar identifies a day by counting the number of days passed since a mythical creation date that corresponds to August 11, 3114 BCE in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. The Long Count calendar was widely used on monuments.
Ripley Market Cross
Ripley Market Cross, also known as the Village Cross, is a historic structure in Ripley, North Yorkshire, a village in England.

Ripley was granted a market charter in 1357, to hold a market every Monday.  A market cross was erected probably in the 15th century, of which the steps survive.  In the 17th or 18th century, a sundial on a shaft was erected atop the steps.  The market had ended by the Victorian period, but several fairs were still held each year.  The cross was grade II listed in 1966, and it is also a scheduled monument, together with the adjacent stocks.

The cross is made of gritstone, and has four tiers of square steps, the lowest of which is 3 metres wide.  On the steps is a square base. On this is a 1.25-metre chamfered shaft surmounted by a square slab carrying a sundial, consisting of a cubiform block with chamfered corners and the remains of a gnomon on each face.

Chamfer
A chamfer (/ˈ(t)ʃæmfər/ SHAM-fər, CHAM-) is a transitional edge between two faces of an object.  Sometimes defined as a form of bevel, it is often created at a 45° angle between two adjoining right-angled faces.

Chamfers are frequently used in machining, carpentry, furniture, concrete formwork, mirrors, and to facilitate assembly of many mechanical engineering designs.
1:1 pixel mapping
1:1 pixel mapping is a video display technique applicable to devices with native fixed pixels, such as LCD monitors and plasma displays. A monitor that has been set to 1:1 pixel mapping will display an input source without scaling it, such that each pixel received is mapped to a single native pixel on the monitor. This technique avoids loss of sharpness due to scaling artifacts and normally avoids incorrect aspect ratio due to stretching. If the input resolution is less than the monitor's native resolution, this will result in black borders around the image (e.g. letterboxing or windowboxing).

TFT LCD
A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a type of liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film transistor technology to improve image qualities such as addressability and contrast. A TFT LCD is an active matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.

TFT LCDs are used in television sets, computer monitors, mobile phones, video game systems, personal digital assistants, navigation systems, projectors, and dashboards in some automobiles and in medium to high end motorcycles.
Mubashar Hasan
Mubashar Hasan (Bengali: মোবাশ্বার হাসান; pseudonym: Caesar), is a Bangladeshi researcher, political scientist, and assistant professor of Political Science at North South University in Dhaka. He is known for his research on democracy, political Islam, terrorism, and the rise of violent religious extremism in Bangladesh. He was one of many victims of enforced disappearance in Bangladesh under the Sheikh Hasina led Awami League government.

North South University
North South University (Bengali: নর্থ সাউথ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, also known as NSU) is a private research university in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 1992 under the Private University Act, 1992, by the then Foundation for Promotion of Education and Research (FPER), a charitable, non-profit, non-commercial, and non-political organization. The FPER later was renamed as the NSU Foundation and is presently called The North South Foundation for Education and Research.

The university is ranked among the top universities in Bangladesh. Its business school is the first Bangladeshi university to receive American accreditation from the ACBSP in 2015.
Phenomenal concept strategy
The phenomenal concept strategy (PCS) is an approach within philosophy of mind to provide a physicalist response to anti-physicalist arguments like the explanatory gap and philosophical zombies. The name was coined by Daniel Stoljar. As David Chalmers put it, PCS "locates the gap in the relationship between our concepts of physical processes and our concepts of consciousness, rather than in the relationship between physical processes and consciousness themselves." The idea is that if we can explain why we think there is an explanatory gap, this will defuse the motivation to question physicalism.

David Chalmers
David John Chalmers (/ˈtʃɑːmərz/; born 20 April 1966) is an Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist, specializing in philosophy of mind and philosophy of language. He is a professor of philosophy and neural science at New York University (NYU), as well as co-director of NYU's Center for Mind, Brain and Consciousness (along with Ned Block). In 2006, he was elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. In 2013, he was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Chalmers is best known for formulating the hard problem of consciousness, and for popularizing the philosophical zombie thought experiment.

Chalmers and David Bourget co-founded PhilPapers; a database of journal articles for philosophers.
Xanthoparmelia jarmaniae
Xanthoparmelia jarmaniae is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described in 1995 from specimens collected near Kempton, in dry eucalypt woodland in south-eastern Tasmania. It forms small, rosette-shaped patches with narrow lobes (the leaf-like edges), a pale yellow-green upper surface, and cylindrical isidia (tiny outgrowths) with brown tips. It grows on sandstone in low-rainfall areas and is currently known only from the place where the original specimens were collected.

Eucalypt
Eucalypt is any woody plant with capsule fruiting bodies belonging to one of seven closely related genera (of the tribe Eucalypteae) found across Australia:
Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Stockwellia, Allosyncarpia, Eucalyptopsis and Arillastrum. In Australia, they are commonly known as gum trees or stringybarks.
CD36 antigen
CD36 antigen is a transmembrane, highly glycosylated, glycoprotein expressed by monocytes, macrophages, platelets, microvascular endothelial cells and adipose tissues.  CD36 recognises oxidized low density lipoprotein, long chain fatty acids, anionic phospholipids, collagen types I, IV and V, thrombospondin and Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes.

CD molecules are leucocyte antigens on cell surfaces. CD antigens nomenclature is updated at Protein Reviews On The Web (https://web.archive.org/web/20080920090434/http://mpr.nci.nih.gov/prow/).

Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. As a part of the vertebrate innate immune system monocytes also influence adaptive immune responses and exert tissue repair functions.  There are at least three subclasses of monocytes in human blood based on their phenotypic receptors.
New Adventures (Dutch band)
The New Adventures were a Dutch blues rock band successful during the 1980s. Their most successful songs were Come On (a cover of the song of the same name by Chuck Berry) and Midnight Magic Maniac, both of which charted on the Dutch Top 40. The basic line up consisted of Peter Bootsman lead guitar and vocals, Harry de Winter on bass and Bennie Top on drums. In 1980, they won a Silver Harp.

Zilveren Harp
The Zilveren Harp (Silver Harp) was a Dutch award given annually to promising musical talent. The award is very prestigious and winners were chosen by a different jury each year. The Zilveren Harp was given by the foundation "Buma Cultuur", which aims to promote Dutch music.

The award was given in 1969-2011; except for the year 1972.

Buma Cultuur also presents the Gouden Harp award, which is given to an artist for his entire oeuvre and Buma Export Award for acts which are successful abroad.
Lambert series
In mathematics, a Lambert series, named for Johann Heinrich Lambert, is a series taking the form

It can be resummed formally by expanding the denominator:

where the coefficients of the new series are given by the Dirichlet convolution of an with the constant function 1(n) = 1:

This series may be inverted by means of the Möbius inversion formula, and is an example of a Möbius transform.

Arithmetic function
In number theory, an arithmetic, arithmetical, or number-theoretic function is generally any function whose domain is the set of positive integers and whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. Hardy & Wright include in their definition the requirement that an arithmetical function "expresses some arithmetical property of n". There is a larger class of number-theoretic functions that do not fit this definition, for example, the prime-counting functions. This article provides links to functions of both classes.

An example of an arithmetic function is the divisor function whose value at a positive integer n is equal to the number of divisors of n.

Arithmetic functions are often extremely irregular (see table), but some of them have series expansions in terms of Ramanujan's sum.
Yoplait
Yoplait (/ˈjoʊpleɪ/ YOH-play, French: [jɔplɛ]) is a French dessert company and the world's largest franchise brand of yogurt.

Yoplait is fully owned by the French dairy cooperative Sodiaal since 2021. In North America, the Canadian subsidiary was taken over by Sodiaal in 2025. The American subsidiary was taken over by the French group Lactalis on June 30 of that year.

Dairy
A dairy is a place where milk is stored and where butter, cheese, and other dairy products are made, or a place where those products are sold.: 325 : 284  It may be a room, a building, or a larger establishment.: 284  In the United States, the word may also describe a dairy farm or the part of a mixed farm dedicated to milk for human consumption,: 284  whether from cows, buffaloes, goats, yaks, sheep, horses or camels.

The attributive dairy describes milk-based products, derivatives, and processes, and the animals and workers involved in their production, for example dairyman, dairymaid, dairy cattle or dairy goat. A dairy farm produces milk and a dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products. These establishments constitute the global dairy industry, part of the food industry.

The word dairy comes from an Old English word for female servant, as milking was historically done by dairymaids.
Sacha inchi oil
Sacha inchi oil is extracted by pressing it from the seeds and flesh of the fruit from the Plukenetia volubilis, or pracaxi, a tree native to the area surrounding the Amazon River.

Sacha Inchi oil has with approximately 50% a very high content of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, which makes it comparable to flaxseed oil. Sacha Inchi oil has a very high content of Tocopherols (176–226 mg/100 g) which consists predominantly of gamma-Tocopherol (50%) and delta-Tocopherol.

Tocopherol
Tocopherols (/toʊˈkɒfəˌrɒl/; TCP) are a class of organic compounds comprising various methylated phenols, many of which have vitamin E activity. Because the vitamin activity was first identified in 1936 from a dietary fertility factor in rats, it was named tocopherol, from Greek τόκος tókos 'birth' and φέρειν phérein 'to bear or carry', that is 'to carry a pregnancy', with the ending -ol signifying its status as a chemical alcohol.

α-Tocopherol is the main source found in supplements and in the European diet, where the main dietary sources are olive and sunflower oils, while γ-tocopherol is the most common form in the American diet due to a higher intake of soybean and corn oil.
Lancman
Lancman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eli Lancman (1936–2024), Israeli historian of Japanese and East Asian art

Rory Lancman (born 1969), American politician, member of the New York City Council (2014–2020)

Sarah Lancman (born 1989), French jazz singer, pianist, composer, author, and performer

Eli Lancman
Eli Lancman (Hebrew: אלי לנצמן; 1936 – December 2, 2024) was an Israeli historian of Japanese and East Asian art. Developer and director of the Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art in Haifa from 1966 to 1992, he was also one of the founders of the Israel-Japan Friendship Society.
Biot number
The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations, named for the eighteenth-century French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862). The Biot number is the ratio of the thermal resistance for conduction inside a body to the resistance for convection at the surface of the body. This ratio indicates whether the temperature inside a body varies significantly in space when the body is heated or cooled over time by a heat flux at its surface.

In general, problems involving small Biot numbers (much smaller than 1) are analytically simple, as a result of nearly uniform temperature fields inside the body. Biot numbers of order one or greater indicate more difficult problems with nonuniform temperature fields inside the body.

The Biot number appears in a number of heat transfer problems, including transient heat conduction and fin heat transfer calculations.

Fin (extended surface)
In the study of heat transfer, fins are surfaces that extend from an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or from the environment by increasing convection. The amount of conduction, convection, or radiation of an object determines the amount of heat it transfers. Increasing the temperature gradient between the object and the environment, increasing the convection heat transfer coefficient, or increasing the surface area of the object increases the heat transfer. Sometimes it is not feasible or economical to change the first two options. Thus, adding a fin to an object, increases the surface area and can sometimes be an economical solution to heat transfer problems.

One-piece finned heat sinks are produced by extrusion, casting, skiving, or milling.
Brazilian Confederation of Practical Shooting
The Brazilian Confederation of Practical Shooting, Portuguese Confederação Brasileira de Tiro Pratico (CBTP), is the Brazilian association for practical shooting under the International Practical Shooting Confederation.

In 1996, CBTP hosted the IPSC Handgun World Shoot.

Practical shooting
Practical shooting, also known as dynamic shooting or action shooting, is a set of shooting sports in which the competitors try to unite the three principles of precision, power, and speed, by using a firearm of a certain minimum power factor to score as many points as possible during the shortest time (or sometimes within a set maximum time). While scoring systems vary between organizations, each measures the time in which the course is completed, with penalties for inaccurate shooting.

The courses are called "stages", and are shot individually by the shooters. Usually the shooter must move and shoot from several positions, fire under or over obstacles and in other unfamiliar positions. There are no standard exercises or set arrangement of the targets, and the courses are often designed so that the shooter must be inventive, and therefore the solutions of exercises sometimes vary between shooters.
Vaagai Sooda Vaa
Vaagai Sooda Vaa (transl. Come, wear the crown of victory) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language historical romance film written and directed by A. Sarkunam. It stars Vimal and Ineya, with Bhagyaraj, Ponvannan and Thambi Ramaiah playing supporting roles. The film set in the 1960s in a remote village in Tamil Nadu. It was released on 30 September 2011 to mostly positive reviews but become an average grosser.  The film was subsequently honored with the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil for 2012.

Thambi Ramaiah
Thambi Ramaiah is an Indian actor, director and comedian who works in the Tamil film industry. He has also worked occasionally as a lyricist. He directed three films, Manu Needhi (2000), Indiralohathil Na Azhagappan (2008) and Maniyaar Kudumbam (2018). He has won one National Film Award, two SIIMA Awards, two Tamil Nadu State Film Award and one Filmfare Award South in his career.