hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gastrojejunocolic fistula
A gastrojejunocolic fistula is a disorder of the human gastrointestinal tract. It may form between the transverse colon and the upper jejunum after a Billroth II surgical procedure.  (The Billroth procedure attaches the jejunum to the remainder of the stomach.) Fecal matter thereby passes improperly from the colon to the stomach, and causes halitosis.

Patients may present with diarrhea, weight loss and halitosis as a result of fecal matter passing through the fistula from the colon into the stomach.

Weight loss
In medicine, health, or physical fitness, weight loss is a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue). Weight loss can either occur unintentionally because of malnourishment or an underlying disease, or from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state.  "Unexplained" weight loss that is not caused by reduction in calorific intake or increase in exercise is called cachexia and may be a symptom of a serious medical condition.
Chris Letchford
Chris Letchford (born October 7, 1984) is an American guitarist. He is the lead guitarist in the instrumental progressive metal band Scale the Summit. His technical ability has been recognized in magazines such as Guitar World, Revolver, and All Metal Resource.

Revolver (magazine)
Revolver is an American heavy metal music and hard rock magazine, published by Project M Group. It was originally launched under Harris Publications in the spring of 2000 by Tom Beaujour and Brad Tolinski, who envisioned it as an American version of Mojo. After five issues, it was relaunched in late 2001 with a focus on heavy music. The magazine features both established acts and up-and-comers in heavy music.
Carmen: A Hip Hopera
Carmen: A Hip Hopera is a 2001 American musical romantic drama television film directed by Robert Townsend. Starring Beyoncé Knowles in her debut acting role (predating her theatrical film debut in Austin Powers in Goldmember) along with Mekhi Phifer, Mos Def, Rah Digga, Wyclef Jean, Da Brat, Joy Bryant, Reagan Gomez-Preston (who had previously worked with Townsend on The Parent 'Hood, which ended in 1999), Jermaine Dupri and Lil' Bow Wow, it is based upon the 1875 opera Carmen by Georges Bizet, Ludovic Halévy and Henri Meilhac, but set in modern-day Philadelphia and Los Angeles and featuring a mostly original hip-hop/R&B score in place of Bizet's opera. The film premiered on MTV on May 8, 2001.

The film is the second major African-American adaptation of the opera, the first being the 1943 Broadway musical Carmen Jones and its 1954 Academy Award-nominated film adaptation.

Ludovic Halévy
Ludovic Halévy (1 January 1834 – 7 May 1908) was a French author and playwright, known for his collaborations with Henri Meilhac on the libretti for Georges Bizet's Carmen and comic operas by Jacques Offenbach, including La belle Hélène (1864), La vie parisienne (1866), La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein (1867) and La Périchole (1868)

Born in Paris to a musical and artistic family, Halévy worked as a civil servant after leaving school, and continued to do so, while pursuing a parallel career as a playwright, librettist and novelist. He generally wrote with collaborators, including Hector Crémieux, and on two occasions, his father, but his partnership with Meilhac, an old schoolfriend, produced the works for which he is chiefly remembered.
Acanthocinus reticulatus
Acanthocinus reticulatus is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Razoumowsky in 1789, and is known from southern Europe and Russia. The beetles measure 10–15 millimetres in length, and can live for approximately 1–2 years. They typically inhabit fir trees, but are also known to occasionally live in other conifers.

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
Golden Heart
Golden Heart is the debut solo studio album by British singer-songwriter and guitarist Mark Knopfler, released on 25 March 1996 by Vertigo Records internationally and Warner Bros. Records in the United States. Following a successful career leading British rock band Dire Straits and composing a string of critically acclaimed film soundtrack albums, Knopfler recorded his first solo album, drawing upon the various musical influences he had engaged since emerging as a major recording artist in 1978. The album reached the top-10 position on charts in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The album peaked at 105 on the Billboard 200 in the United States.

Vertigo Records
Vertigo Records is a British record company. It was a subsidiary of the Philips/Phonogram record label, launched in 1969 to specialise in progressive rock and other non-mainstream musical styles. Today, it’s operated by Universal Music Germany and the UK catalogue was folded into Mercury Records, which was absorbed in 2013 by Virgin EMI Records, which returned to the EMI Records name in June 2020.
Anti-establishment
An anti-establishment view or belief is one which stands in opposition to the conventional social, political, and economic principles of a society. The term was first used in the modern sense in 1958 by the British magazine New Statesman to refer to its political and social agenda. Antiestablishmentarianism (or anti-establishmentarianism) is an expression for such a political philosophy. Anti-establishment positions vary depending on political orientation. For example, during the protests of 1968, anti-establishment positions generally emerged from left-wing, socialist, and anarchist circles. In the 2010s, however, anti-establishment positions generally emerged from right-wing populist circles.

First Conte government
The first Conte government was the 65th government of the Italian Republic. It was led by Giuseppe Conte, an independent, and it was in office from 1 June 2018 to 5 September 2019.

The cabinet was formed by a coalition between the Five Star Movement and the League, but it also contained some independents proposed by each party (including the Prime Minister). It was referred to as the "government of change" (Italian: governo del cambiamento) after the title of the political agreement signed by the two parties, or the "yellow-green government" (governo gialloverde), based on their customary colours, even if the League originally preferred "yellow-blue government" (governo gialloblu), due to its new campaign colour under Salvini's leadership.

The government has often been described as "populist" (the first of that kind in Europe according to several sources) and its policies (and more specifically those of the League) have been described by Italian newspapers as "souverainist".
Nordvik, Vestland
Nordvik is a village area in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village lies in the borough of Fana, just north of the municipal border with Bjørnafjorden Municipality.

In 2008, the population of the 0.42-square-kilometre (100-acre) Nordvik urban area was 429. At that time the urban area had a population density of 1,021 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,640/sq mi). The village of Søvik lies just south of the municipal border in Bjørnafjorden Municipality. Over time, the two have grown together through conurbation. Since 2012, the village of Nordvik has been considered part of the "urban area" of Søvik in Bjørnafjorden, so separate statistics for the village of Nordvik are no longer tracked by Statistics Norway.

Statistics Norway
Statistics Norway (Norwegian: Statistisk sentralbyrå, abbreviated to SSB) is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.

With a staff of approximately 1,000, it publishes around 1,000 new statistical releases annually on its website in both Norwegian and English. Additionally, it offers a number of edited publications, all of which are available for free online.

As the central Norwegian office for official government statistics, Statistics Norway provides the public and government with extensive research and analysis activities. It is administratively placed under the Ministry of Finance but operates independently from all government agencies. Statistics Norway has a board appointed by the government. It relies extensively on data from registers, but are also collecting data from surveys and questionnaires, including from cities and municipalities.
Minnesota Public Radio
Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a public radio network for the US state of Minnesota. With its three services, News & Information, YourClassical MPR and The Current, MPR operates a 46-station regional radio network in the upper Midwest.

MPR has won more than 875 journalism awards, including the Peabody Award, both the RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting award of the same name, and the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Gold Baton Award. As of September 2011, MPR was tied with WNYC for most listener support for a public radio network, and had the highest level of recurring monthly donors of any public radio network in the nation.

MPR also produces and distributes national public radio programming via American Public Media.

Edward R. Murrow Award (Radio Television Digital News Association)
The Radio Television Digital News Association (formerly the Radio-Television News Directors Association) has been honoring outstanding achievements in electronic journalism with the Edward R. Murrow Awards since 1971. The Murrow Awards recognize local and national news stories that uphold the RTDNA Code of Ethics, demonstrate technical expertise and exemplify the importance and impact of journalism as a service to the community. Murrow Award winning work demonstrates the excellence that Edward R. Murrow made a standard for the broadcast news profession.
Percival Prince
The Percival Prince is a British light transport of the early postwar period. It was a twin-engine, high-wing, cantilever monoplane of all-metal stressed-skin construction; the undercarriage was of retractable, tricycle type.

Tricycle landing gear
Tricycle gear is a type of aircraft undercarriage (i.e. landing gear) that is arranged in the fashion of a tricycle, with a single one/two-wheeled front undercarriage (i.e. the nose gear) under the cockpit and two multi-wheeled main gears slightly aft of the center of gravity, usually just behind the wings. This is in contrast to the conventional landing gear (a.k.a. "taildragger") that is arranged with two front gears and one tail gear, more commonly seen in early aircraft but rare nowadays except among propeller-powered light aircraft and some amphibious aircraft.

Tricycle gears are the most ubiquitous undercarriage arrangements for modern aircraft due to the convenience of takeoff, landing and taxiing, especially among the heavier jet aircraft where the engines and wings (and thus the aircraft's center of mass) tend to be more rearwards than conventional gear aircraft and a tail-down flare is typically performed when landing.
St. Andrews University (North Carolina)
St. Andrews University was a private Presbyterian university in Laurinburg, North Carolina. It was established in 1958 as a result of a merger of "Flora MacDonald College" in Red Springs and "Presbyterian Junior College"; it was named St. Andrews Presbyterian College from 1960 until 2011 when the college changed its name to St. Andrews University. That same year, it merged with Webber International University of Babson Park, Florida. It is also home to the St. Andrews Press. In 2013, St. Andrews added its first graduate program, an MBA in business administration.

The institution closed on May 5, 2025, due to financial issues.

Babson Park, Florida
Babson Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 1,182 at the 2000 census. It is also the home of Webber International University.

Babson Park is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area, situated roughly halfway between Tampa and Orlando.
Szentendre Island
Szentendre Island (Hungarian: Szentendrei-sziget) is an island in the Danube River between the Danube Bend and Budapest in Hungary. The island is flanked by the Szentendre branch of the Danube to the west, and the main branch of the river to the east. It is 31 km long with an area of 56 km2, and forms part of the Szentendre District of Pest County.

The Megyeri Bridge, carrying Budapests's M0 motorway ring road, crosses the southern tip of the island, but there is no access to the island's road network from it. The island is connected to the mainland by the Tildy Bridge that crosses the Szentendre branch. There are also a number of ferries, across both the Szentendre and main branches of the Danube.

Several villages are located on the island including (from north to south) Kisoroszi, Tahitótfalu, Pócsmegyer, Surány, Szigetmonostor and Horány. In addition to farmland, orchards and vineyards, the island's most important role is to supply Budapest and the neighbouring towns with water.

Pest County
Pest (Hungarian: Pest vármegye, pronounced [ˈpɛʃt]; German: Komitat Pest) is a county (vármegye) in central Hungary. It covers an area of 6,393.14 square kilometres (2,468.41 sq mi), and has a population of 1,339,090 (2023). The suburbs of Budapest surrounds the national capital Budapest and is the county's largest administrative unit (13.8%/1.3 million in 2013). It shares borders with Slovakia and the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Bács-Kiskun, Fejér, and Komárom-Esztergom. The River Danube flows through the county. The capital of Pest County is Budapest, although Budapest is not part of Pest County. Starting 2018, they also constitute different NUTS:HU level 2 regions, as previously Pest County has lost catch-up aids from the European Union because of the high development of Budapest.
W. Harry Davis
William Harry Davis Sr. (April 12, 1923 – August 11, 2006)  was an American civil rights activist, amateur boxing coach, civic leader, and businessman in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He overcame poverty, childhood polio, and racial prejudice to become a humanitarian. Davis is remembered for his warm and positive personality, for coaching Golden Gloves champions in the upper Midwest, and for managing the Olympics boxing team that won nine gold medals. His contributions to public education in his community are enduring. A leader in desegregation during the Civil Rights Movement, Davis helped Americans find a way forward to racial equality.

Upper Midwest
The Upper Midwest is a northern subregion of the U.S. Census Bureau's Midwestern United States. Although the exact boundaries are not uniformly agreed upon, the region is usually defined to include the states of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, North Dakota, and South Dakota; some definitions include parts of Nebraska and Illinois.
Bobby La Gesse
Bobby La Gesse is a sportswriter and editor, currently working for the Ames Tribune in Ames, Iowa.  He covers primarily Iowa State Cyclones sports  and has been viewed as an authority on the programs by ESPN, Sports Business Daily, The Oklahoman, and NBC Sports.

Iowa State Cyclones
The Iowa State Cyclones are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Iowa State University, located in Ames. The university is a member of the Big 12 Conference and competes in NCAA Division I, fielding 16 varsity teams (6 men's and 10 women's teams) in 12 sports.

The "Cyclones" name dates back to 1895. That year, Iowa suffered an unusually high number of devastating cyclones (as tornadoes were called at the time). In September, the football team from what was then Iowa Agricultural College traveled to Northwestern University and defeated that team by a score of 36–0. The next day, the Chicago Tribune's headline read "Struck by a Cyclone: It Comes from Iowa and Devastates Evanston Town." The article began, "Northwestern might as well have tried to play football with an Iowa cyclone as with the Iowa team it met yesterday." The nickname stuck.
Bleed the Sky (album)
Bleed the Sky is the second and final album released by the nu metal band Reveille from Harvard, Massachusetts. It was originally released on September 18, 2001 through Elektra Records.

The album's initial 2001 release featured 13 tracks with the track "What You Got" being the first single. In the 2002 re-release a bonus track was added; a remixed version of "Inside Out" which went on to be the second single of this album.

Harvard, Massachusetts
Harvard is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The town is located 25 miles west-northwest of Boston, in eastern Massachusetts. It is mostly bounded by I-495 to the east and Route 2 to the north. A farming community settled in 1658 and incorporated in 1732, it has been home to several non-traditional communities, such as Harvard Shaker Village and the utopian transcendentalist center Fruitlands. It is also home to St. Benedict Abbey, a traditionalist Catholic monastery, and for over seventy years was home to Harvard University's Oak Ridge Observatory, at one time the most extensively equipped observatory in the Eastern United States. It is now a rural and residential town noted for its public schools. The population was 6,851 at the 2020 census.
L-cysteine:1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ligase
L-cysteine:1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ligase (EC 6.3.1.13, MshC, MshC ligase, Cys:GlcN-Ins ligase, mycothiol ligase) is an enzyme with systematic name L-cysteine:1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-1D-myo-inositol ligase (AMP-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-1D-myo-inositol + L-cysteine + ATP  1-O-[2-(L-cysteinamido)-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]-1D-myo-inositol + AMP + diphosphate

This enzyme is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of mycothiol.

Mycothiol
Mycothiol (MSH or AcCys-GlcN-Ins) is an unusual thiol compound found in the Actinomycetota. It is composed of a cysteine residue with an acetylated amino group linked to glucosamine, which is then linked to inositol. The oxidized, disulfide form of mycothiol (MSSM) is called mycothione, and is reduced to mycothiol by the flavoprotein mycothione reductase. Mycothiol biosynthesis and mycothiol-dependent enzymes such as mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase and mycothione reductase have been proposed to be good drug targets for the development of treatments for tuberculosis.
Aalborghus Gymnasium
Aalborghus Gymnasium is an upper secondary school in the city of Aalborg, in North Jutland in Denmark. It offers both the traditional three-year programme and also the two-year programme that prepares students for the Higher Preparatory Examination.  The subjects taught at the school include religion, music, Spanish and natural geography.  Aalborghus Gymnasium caters to its students' musical and creative side as well as taking an international perspective.

Pupils begin their studies at Aalborghus by selecting a stream, a selection of two or three subjects that will be the focus of their work. For example, a student might choose to specialize in English and Social Studies.

Higher Preparatory Examination (HF)
The Higher Preparatory Examination (in Danish: Højere Forberedelseseksamen or HF) is a 2-year general upper secondary programme building on to the 10th form of the Folkeskole and leading to the higher preparatory examination (the HF-examination), which qualifies for admission to higher education, subject to the special entrance regulations applying to the individual higher education programmes.
Serial number
A serial number (SN) is a unique identifier used to uniquely identify an item, and is usually assigned incrementally or sequentially.

Despite being called serial "numbers", they do not need to be strictly numerical and may contain letters and other typographical symbols, or may consist entirely of a character string.

Character (computing)
In computing and telecommunications, a character is the encoded representation of a natural language character (including letter, numeral and punctuation), whitespace (space or tab), or a control character (controls computer hardware that consumes character-based data). A sequence of characters is called a string.

Some character encoding systems represent each character using a fixed number of bits whereas other systems use varying sizes. Various fixed-length sizes were used for now obsolete systems such as the six-bit character code, the five-bit Baudot code and even 4-bit systems (with only 16 possible values). The more modern ASCII system uses the 8-bit byte for each character. Today, the Unicode-based UTF-8 encoding uses a varying number of byte-sized code units to define a code point which combine to encode a character.
Upper Yemen
Upper Yemen (Arabic: اليمن العليا) and Lower Yemen are traditional regions of the northern highlands of Yemen. Northern Highlands and Southern Highlands are terms more commonly used presently (see: geography of Yemen).

The Sumara Mountains just south of the town of Yarim denote the boundaries of the two regions. These two traditional regions also coincide with Gourchenour and Obermeyer's ecological zones. Upper Yemen is home to practitioners of the Zaidi sect of Islam and inhabitants of the region are sometimes referred to by that name.  Major urban centers include Dhamar, Hajjah, and the Yemeni capital of Sanaa.

Dhamar, Yemen
Dhamar (Arabic: ذَمَار, romanized: Ḏamār; Old South Arabian: 𐩹𐩣𐩧 Ḏmr) is a city in south-western Yemen. It is located at 14°33′0″N 44°24′6″E﻿ / ﻿14.55000°N 44.40167°E﻿ / 14.55000; 44.40167, at an elevation of around 2,400 m (7,900 ft).
The Big Love
The Big Love is a non-fiction scandalous biographical account of an alleged love affair between actor Errol Flynn and then fifteen-year-old actress Beverly Aadland, as told by her mother, Florence Aadland.

The original 1961 edition was first published by Lancer Books. A Warner Books Edition was released in 1986.  This edition contained an epilogue by co-author Tedd Thomey, commenting on Florence Aadland's life and death, and her imprisonment. The Big Love was republished, along with supplemental materials, in 2018 by Spurl Editions.

The book was reviewed by William Styron, a reprint of which appears in This Quiet Dust, and Other Writings.

William Styron
William Clark Styron Jr. (June 11, 1925 – November 1, 2006) was an American novelist and essayist who won major literary awards for his work, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1968 for The Confessions of Nat Turner.