hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Sewell (trade unionist)
William Sewell (22 September 1852 – 24 May 1948) was a British trade unionist.

Born in Worksop, Sewell moved to Derbyshire at the age of nine and began working at a coal mine in Renishaw.  He became active in the South Yorkshire Miners' Association, and subsequently was a leading figure in the split which formed the Derbyshire Miners' Association (DMA).  He was then working at Holbrook Colliery, and was its first delegate to the DMA.  He also served on Eckington Parish Council for many years from 1894, initially as a Liberal-Labour representative, then later for the Labour Party, but only reluctantly, on the insistence of his union.

Sewell served on the council of the DMA for many years, and was elected as its vice-president in 1907, then as president in 1918, around which point he stopped working underground, on account of his age.  He stood down from his union post in 1924, living in Halfway until his death, aged 95.

Eckington, Derbyshire
Eckington is a town and civil parish in North East Derbyshire, England. It is 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Chesterfield and 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Sheffield, on the border with South Yorkshire. It lies on the B6052 and B6056 roads close to the A6135 for Sheffield and Junction 30 of the M1. It had a 2001 population of 11,152, increasing to 11,855 (including the parish of Bramley, Renishaw, Marsh Lane and Troway) at the 2011 Census.
Op. 49
In music, Op. 49 stands for Opus number 49. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Piano Sonatas Nos. 19 and 20

Brahms – Wiegenlied

Chopin – Fantaisie in F minor

Elgar – The Apostles

Klebe – Jacobowsky und der Oberst

Krenek – Der Diktator

Mendelssohn – Piano Trio No. 1

Milhaud – Little Symphony No. 2

Schumann – Romanzen & Balladen volume II (3 songs)

Scriabin – Prelude in F major, Op. 49, No. 2

Shostakovich – String Quartet No. 1

Sibelius  – Pohjola's Daughter (Pohjolan tytär), tone poem for orchestra (1906)

Tchaikovsky – 1812 Overture

Jacobowsky und der Oberst (opera)
Jacobowsky und der Oberst, Op. 49, (Jacobovsky and the Colonel) is an opera in four acts by Giselher Klebe who also wrote the libretto based on the 1944 play Jacobowsky und der Oberst by Franz Werfel.

It premiered on 2 November 1965 at the Hamburg State Opera which had commissioned the work. Klebe dedicated it to the then director of the Staatsoper, Rolf Liebermann.
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007
The Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007 (H.R. 5441) is a U.S. Act of Congress signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 4, 2006. The appropriation bill appropriates about $33.8 billion in homeland security funding, nearly $1.2 billion of which will go towards fencing off the southwest border of the United States as well as other barriers and technology to prevent illegal immigration.

Appropriation bill
An appropriation bill, also known as supply bill or spending bill, is a proposed law that authorizes the expenditure of government funds. It is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending. In some democracies, approval of the legislature is necessary for the government to spend money.

In a Westminster parliamentary system, the defeat of an appropriation bill in a parliamentary vote generally necessitates either the resignation of a government or the calling of a general election. One of the more famous examples of the defeat of a supply bill was the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, when the Senate, which was controlled by the opposition, refused to approve a package of appropriation and loan bills, prompting Governor-General Sir John Kerr to dismiss Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and appoint Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister until the next election (where the Fraser government was elected).
Dadrewa
Dadrewa is a village situated in Churu district of Rajasthan, India. The village is situated on the Hissar-Bikaner Highway in between Sadulpur and Taranagar. The famous Gogaji maharaj, was born at Dadrewa.

Sadulpur
Sadulpur,  natively known as Rajgarh  is a city, municipality, tehsil and Legislative Assembly seat in Churu district of northern part of Rajasthan state in India. It was the territory of the Gaur dynasty later after defeated in war with Shekhawat Rajputs. It lies in Shekhawati region at an elevation of 239 m (784 ft). To distinguish Rajgarh from several other places with same name, Sadulpur has become a synonym of Rajgarh town's name in recent times.
To Live on Love
To Live on Love (Živjeti od ljubavi) is a 1973 Yugoslav Croatian film directed by Krešo Golik, starring Vlasta Knezović, Rade Šerbedžija and Boris Dvornik.

The film was selected for preservation by the Croatian State Archives.

Socialist Republic of Croatia
The Socialist Republic of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska), commonly abbreviated as SR Croatia and referred to as simply Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By its constitution, modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation.

Along with five other Yugoslav republics, Croatia was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence (see below). By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

In 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the League of Communists – and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence, formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution.
Mehmet Ayberk Koşak
Mehmet Ayberk Koşak (born 2001) is a Turkish male artistic gymnast and part of the national team.

Mehmet Ayberk Koşak, born in 2001, is a native of Konak, İzmir, Turkey. He is  a member of Göztepe Sports Club  in İzmir.

At the 2022 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Munich, Germany on 18-21 August, Koşak shared the bronze medal in the team event with  Ferhat Arıcan, Ahmet Önder, Adem Asil and Kerem Şener. He won the bronze medal with his teammates Ferhat Arıcan, Adem Asil, İbrahim Çolak and Kerem Şener at the 2023 DTB Pokal Stuttgart, Germany. He took the silver medal in the team event with Adem Asil, Ahmet Önder, Ferhat Arıcan and  Kerem Şener at the 2023 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Antalya, Turkey.

2023 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 10th European Men's and Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held from 11 to 16 April 2023 in Antalya, Turkey. This was the 45th European championships in total for men, and 35th in total for women (including the separate men's and women's championships held in even numbered years). The competition was a qualifying event for the 2023 World Championships. There were 39 nations represented by 319 athletes - 176 men and 143 women. Great Britain topped the medal table with four golds, four silvers and one bronze medal.
UFC Fight Night: Smith vs. Spann
UFC Fight Night: Smith vs. Spann (also known as UFC Fight Night 192, UFC Vegas 37 and UFC on ESPN+ 50) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on September 18, 2021, at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

Enterprise, Nevada
Enterprise  is an unincorporated town in the Las Vegas Valley in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 221,831 at the 2020 U.S. census, up from 14,676 at the 2000 census. It was founded on December 17, 1996. As in other unincorporated towns in the Las Vegas Valley, its ZIP Codes are assigned the place name "Las Vegas" for mailing addresses.
Malpensa Express
The Malpensa Express is an airport rail service linking the city of Milan with Malpensa Airport, in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy. Trenord operates Malpensa Express services between Malpensa Airport and both Milano Cadorna and Milano Centrale stations.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Daily Review
The Daily Review was a daily newspaper published in Hayward, California. Floyd L. Sparks was owner of the Review from 1944 to 1985, along with The Argus of Fremont and the Tri-Valley Herald.

It was last owned by the Bay Area News Group-East Bay (BANG-EB), a subsidiary of MediaNews Group, which bought the paper in 1985. As of 2011, the executive editor was Kevin Keane.

Bay Area News Group
Bay Area News Group (BANG) is the largest publisher of daily and weekly newspapers in the San Francisco Bay Area, including its flagship The Mercury News. A subsidiary of the Denver-based MediaNews Group, its corporate headquarters is in San Jose, California, and publication offices in San Jose. Since 2010, MediaNews Group has been controlled by Alden Global Capital.  Previously known as ANG (Alameda News Group), the name changed to Bay Area News Group in 2006 after the MediaNews Group bought The Mercury News and Contra Costa Times from McClatchy Co. Most production aspects have now moved to The Mercury News facilities in San Jose, California.
Oil production and smuggling in the Islamic State
Oil production and smuggling was the largest source of revenue for the finances of the Islamic State (IS or ISIS) in Syria and Iraq until the complete loss of its territory in 2019. Most oil extracted was distributed for use within the Islamic State, but some was also smuggled to surrounding states at below market price.

Oil products, e.g. petrol and mazout, were the backbone of the economy of ISIL-controlled areas, with mazout being the preferred power source for small-scale electricity generators. Not all energy production was provided by oil, and some electric power supply was continued to Syrian government-held areas.

Oil production in the Islamic State developed over time, reaching its peak in 2014. Due to military interventions, IS subsequently lost all of its territory in Syria and Iraq.

Extraction of petroleum
Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can be drawn from beneath the Earth's surface. Reservoirs of petroleum are formed through the mixture of plants, algae, and sediments in shallow seas under high pressure. Petroleum is mostly recovered from oil drilling. Seismic surveys and other methods are used to locate oil reservoirs. Oil rigs and oil platforms are used to drill long holes into the earth to create an oil well and extract petroleum. After extraction, oil is refined to make gasoline and other products such as tires and refrigerators. Extraction of petroleum can be dangerous and has led to oil spills.
SS Mareeba
SS Mareeba was an Australian cargo steamship that was built in 1921 for the Commonwealth Line as Echuca, named after the town of Echuca in the state of Victoria. In 1924 the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company bought her and renamed her after the town of Mareeba, Queensland.

Commonwealth Line
The Commonwealth Line was a shipping company owned and operated by the Australian federal government between 1916 and 1928. It was officially known as the Commonwealth Government Line of Steamers until 1923, and thereafter as the Australian Commonwealth Line of Steamers.
2011–12 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 2011–12 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the twenty-seventh since its establishment. The season began with the first regular season games on 17 September 2011 and ended with the play-off final in May 2012. Tre Fiori are the defending league champions, having won their seventh Sammarinese championship and third-in-a-row last season. The title was won by S.P. Tre Penne.

Fiorentino
Fiorentino (Romagnol: Fiurentêin) is one of the nine castelli of San Marino. It occupies an area of 6.56 km2 (2.53 sq mi) and is the fourth smallest castello in the country by land area. As of 2023, it had a population of 2,615 inhabitants.
Yelandur estate
Estate of Yelandur or Yelandur Jagir  was an princely estate in the erstwhile State of Mysore of Madras Presidency. At present it is located in the Chamarajanagara district in the Indian state of Karnataka..The town of Yelandur was the administrative headquarters.

Mysore State
Mysore State, colloquially Old Mysore, was a political territory within the Dominion of India and the subsequent Republic of India from 1947 until 1956. The state was formed by renaming the Kingdom of Mysore, and Bangalore replaced Mysore as the state's capital when Parliament passed the States Reorganisation Act in 1956. Mysore State was considerably enlarged when it became a linguistically homogeneous Kannada-speaking state within the Republic of India by incorporating territories from Andhra, Bombay, Coorg, Hyderabad, and Madras States, as well as other petty fiefdoms. It was subsequently renamed Karnataka in 1973.
Adriana Corral
Adriana Corral (born 1983) is an American artist born in El Paso, Texas, who focuses on installation, performance, and sculpture. Her artwork often emphasizes themes of memory, contemporary human rights violations, and under-examined historical narratives. Corral completed her B.F.A. at the University of Texas at El Paso in 2008 and her M.F.A. at the University of Texas at Austin in 2013. Her work has been exhibited at the Betty Moody Gallery, Houston, Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art, Mexic-Arte Museum in Austin, Texas, Blue Star Contemporary in San Antonio, Texas, the McNay Art Museum, and Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art. She has received a series of awards recognizing her work including The Joan Mitchell Foundation Emerging Artist Grant, The MacDowell Colony Grant, and The National Association of Latino Arts and Culture Grant.

Washington and Lee University
Washington and Lee University (Washington and Lee or W&L) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Virginia, United States. Established in 1749 as Augusta Academy, it is among the oldest institutions of higher learning in the US.

Washington and Lee's 325-acre campus sits at the edge of Lexington and abuts the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in the Shenandoah Valley region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. The institution consists of three academic units: the college itself; the Williams School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics; and the School of Law. It hosts 24 intercollegiate varsity athletic teams which compete as part of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division III).
2010 New Mexico House of Representatives election
The 2010 New Mexico House of Representatives election took place as part of the biennial United States elections. New Mexico voters elected state representatives in all 70 of the state house's districts. State representatives serve two-year terms in the New Mexico House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including for Governor, U.S. House, and Attorney General.
A primary election held on June 1, 2010, determined which candidates appear on the November 2nd general election ballot.

Nate Gentry
Nathaniel Gentry (born 1975 or 1976) is an American lawmaker and former Republican member of the New Mexico House of Representatives representing District 30 from January 18, 2011, to January 21, 2019. He was a principal figure in the GOP takeover of the New Mexico State House in 2014, resulting in his election as the first Republican Majority Floor Leader in over 60 years. After Democrats regained control of the chamber in 2016, he was elected by the Republican Caucus as the House Minority Leader.
President of Ethiopia
The president of Ethiopia is the head of state of Ethiopia. The position is largely ceremonial with executive power vested in the Council of Ministers chaired by the prime minister. The current president is Taye Atske Selassie, who took office on 7 October 2024. Presidents are elected by the Federal Parliamentary Assembly for six years.

Emperor of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, romanized: nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (Amharic: ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. A National Geographic article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent autocracy".
Bagalur, Hosur
Bagalur is a town in the Hosur taluk of Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu state, India. The nearest city is Hosur, which is located 10 km away. This village is 5 km from the state of Karnataka.

In 2025, TamilNadu government converted Bagalur from Gram Panchayat to Nagar Panchayat. In February 2025, Bagalur also got a new sub-registrar office with jurisdiction over 67 villages.

Krishnagiri
Krishnagiri (IPA: [kiɾɯʂɳaɡiɾi]) is a city in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, and it serves as the administrative headquarters of Krishnagiri District formed in 2004. It is located at the bottom of Krishnadevaraya Hills, and the town is fully surrounded by hill rocks. It is located 250 km from Chennai, 45 km from Dharmapuri, and 90 km from Bengaluru. Krishnagiri is known as "Mango Capital of India" as mangoes are cultivated as the main crop, and the land here is extremely fertile with rich access to fresh water making it amenable to growing crops. Krishnagiri  is the site of significant business and residential development. The Krishnagiri Dam was built in 1967.
John Atkins (MP)
John Atkins (c. 1754–1838), of Halstead Place, near Sevenoaks, Kent, was an English politician.

He started his career at sea before setting up as a West India merchant with his brother Abram. He was elected an Alderman of London in  1808, served as a Sheriff of London for 1809–1810 and as Lord Mayor of London in 1818–1819.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Arundel in 1802–1806 and 1826–1832, and for the City of London in 1812–1818.

He married twice: firstly Sarah Littell, a spinster with whom he had three sons and two daughters, and secondly Anna Maria, the daughter of the Venerable Andrew Burnaby of Baggrave Hall, Leicestershire, archdeacon of Leicester, with whom he had a further two sons and five daughters.

Baggrave Hall
Baggrave Hall is an 18th-century Grade II* listed country house in the parish of Hungarton, Leicestershire, England. It is a two and three-storey building in Palladian style, constructed in ashlar in the 1750s, with a Swithland slate hipped roof and brick-ridge chimney stacks. An extra wing in red brick can be dated to 1776. The current grounds cover 220 acres (89 ha). The hall was listed in 1951, but suffered serious damage from an owner in 1988–1990.
Friday prayer
Friday prayer, or congregational prayer (Arabic: صلاة الجمعة, romanized: ṣalāt al-jumuʿa), is the meeting together of Muslims for communal prayer and a service at midday every Friday. In Islam, the day itself is called Yawm al-Jum'ah (shortened to Jum'ah), which translated from Arabic means "Day of Meeting", "Day of Assembly" or "Day of Congregation".

On this day, all Muslim men are expected to meet and participate at the designated place of meeting and prostration (mosque), with certain exceptions due to distance and situation. Women and children can also participate, but do not fall under the same obligation that men do.

In many Muslim countries, the weekend includes Fridays, and in others, Fridays are half-days for schools and some workplaces. It is one of the most exalted Islamic rituals and one of its confirmed obligatory acts.

Takbir
The takbīr (Arabic: تَكْبِير [tak.biːr], lit. 'magnification [of God]') is the name for the Arabic phrase Allāhu ʾAkbar (Arabic: اللّٰهُ أَكْبَر [ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hu ʔak.bar] ⓘ, lit. 'God is the greatest [of everything]').

It is a common Arabic expression, used in various contexts by Muslims around the world: in formal salah (prayer), in the adhan (Islamic call to prayer), in Hajj, as an informal expression of faith, in times of distress or joy, or to express resolute determination or defiance. The phrase is the official motto of Iran and Iraq. It is also used by Orthodox Arab Christians as an expression of faith.
Defence Research Policy Committee
The Defence Research Policy Committee, or DRPC, was a British Cabinet-level standing committee formed in 1947 that advised and directed military research in the United Kingdom. It was the equivalent of the US's National Defense Research Committee or the Canadian Defence Research Board. Among its better known chairmen were Henry Tizard, John Cockcroft and Solly Zuckerman. Its advice was "typically ignored" and the committee was reformed in 1963.

Defence Research and Development Canada
Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC; French: Recherche et développement pour la défense Canada, RDDC) is the science and technology organization of the Department of National Defence (DND), whose purpose is to provide the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), other government departments, and public safety and national security communities with knowledge and technology.

DRDC has approximately 1,400 employees across seven research centres within Canada.
Karin Schmalfeld
Karin Schmalfeld (born 19 February 1976) is a German orienteering competitor.

She received a silver medal in the individual event at the World Games in 2005. She also competed in the mixed relay, where Germany finished 6th. Schmalfeld had the fourth and last leg, and advanced the German team from 11th to 6th position.

She has competed in eight World Orienteering Championships, between 1995 and 2009. Her best results were 9th in the short distance in 2001, 9th in the long distance in 2003, and 5th in the relay in 1995 with the German team.

2003 World Orienteering Championships
The 2003 World Orienteering Championships, the 20th World Orienteering Championships, were held in Rapperswil and Jona, Switzerland, 3 –9 August 2003.

The championships had eight events; sprint for men and women, middle distance for men and women, long distance (formerly called individual or classic distance) for men and women, and relays for men and women.
Aloys Ndimbati
Aloys Ndimbati (born in the early 1950s – 1997) was a Rwandan fugitive war criminal, wanted in connection with his alleged role in the 1994 Rwandan genocide. According to his warrant, as mayor of the Kibuye commune Gisovu, he was present at the scene of and participated in the killings of Tutsis across Kibuye.

Ndimbati has been charged with genocide, complicity in genocide, direct and public incitement to commit genocide, as well as with murder, extermination, rape and persecution as crimes against humanity. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda referred his case to Rwandan authorities in June 2012.

In November 2023 it was announced that Ndimbati had already died around 26 years prior in June 1997.

Incitement to genocide
Incitement to genocide is a crime under international law which prohibits inciting (encouraging) the commission of genocide. An extreme form of hate speech, incitement to genocide is an inchoate offense and is theoretically subject to prosecution even if genocide does not occur, although charges have never been brought in an international court without mass violence having occurred. "Direct and public incitement to commit genocide" was forbidden by the Genocide Convention in 1948. Incitement to genocide is often cloaked in metaphor and euphemism and may take many forms beyond direct advocacy, including dehumanization and accusation in a mirror.