hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mesapamea secalis
Mesapamea secalis, the common rustic, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in Europe, north-west Africa, Turkey and northern Iran.

The species was formerly considered the same species as the lesser common rustic (Mesapamea didyma) and Remm's rustic (Mesapamea remmi). All three were raised to species level.
See Townsend et al. for diagnoses.

10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.
Henry Kendall (ornithologist)
Henry Kendall (1849–1934), was a founding member of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (1901), and a founding co-editor of its journal the Emu.  Born in Pavenham, England, when he was six years old, his family migrated to Australia and settled at Orange, New South Wales, where he grew up.  The rest of his life was spent in Victoria.

Emu (journal)
Emu, subtitled Austral Ornithology, is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of BirdLife Australia (formerly the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union). The journal was established in 1901 and is the oldest ornithological journal published in Australia. The current editor-in-chief is Kate Buchanan (Deakin University). The journal was published quarterly for the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union in print and online by CSIRO Publishing until 2016. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 1.895, ranking it 4th out of 22 journals in the category "Ornithology".
Wiyogo Atmodarminto
Wiyogo Atmodarminto (22 November 1922 – 19 October 2012) or better known as Bang Wi, is an Indonesian military figure, diplomat and politician. He served as Governor of Jakarta, the country's capital, from 1987–1992. Previously, he served as the Indonesian Ambassador to Japan and occupied several important army posts. Wiyogo participated in the General Offensive of 1 March 1949.

General Offensive of 1 March 1949
The General Offensive of 1 March 1949 (Indonesian: Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949) was a military offensive during the Indonesian National Revolution where the city of Yogyakarta was held by Indonesian troops for six hours. This played an important role in causing international pressure to be exerted on the Netherlands.
White's illusion
White's illusion is a brightness illusion in which certain stripes of a black-and-white grating are replaced by gray rectangles of the same color, luminance, and opacity. The brightness of the gray rectangles appears to be closer to the brightness of the top and bottom bordering stripes. This is opposite to any explanation based on lateral inhibition; hence it cannot explain the illusion.

A similar illusion occurs when the horizontal stripes have different colors; this is known as the Munker–White illusion or the Munker illusion,  based on the Bezold effect.

Grating
A grating is any regularly spaced collection of essentially identical, parallel, elongated elements. Gratings usually consist of a single set of elongated elements, but can consist of two sets, in which case the second set is usually perpendicular to the first (as illustrated). When the two sets are perpendicular, this is also known as a grid (as in grid paper) or a mesh.
Andrew Stevenson (rower)
Andrew Stevenson (born 7 December 1957), also known as Herb Stevenson, is a former New Zealand rower.

At the 1982 World Rowing Championships at Rotsee, Switzerland, he won a gold medal with the New Zealand eight in the 7 seat. At the 1983 World Rowing Championships at Wedau in Duisburg, Germany, he won a gold medal with the New Zealand eight in the 7 seat.

In 1982, the 1982 rowing eight crew was named sportsman of the year. The 1982 team was inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame in 1995. He was 4th in the Eight final at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. In 1986 he won a silver medal in the coxless four at the Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh in a boat with Shane O'Brien, Neil Gibson, and Don Symon. He also won a bronze medal with the men's eight.

1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.

The Games were commemorated on the UK's first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew's saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.
Atma Ram (politician)
Atma Ram was a Hindu minister in Khanate of Kunduz, in modern day Afghanistan, during the 1820s and 1830s. A Peshawari Hindu, he held the office of Diwanbegi in Kunduz under Murad Beg. He was said to have dominated trade between India and Turan in this period. A tax farmer, he purchased the right to collect taxes on the Kabul–Bukhara caravans. Unusually for a Hindu in an Islamic state, he was even permitted to own Muslim slaves.

There is a coloured lithograph of Atma Ram based on the work of James Rattray at the time of the First Anglo-Afghan War (1838–1842).

Muhammad Murad Beg
Mir Muhammad Murad Beg (Persian: میر محمد مراد بیگ; 1780–1846) was Khan of the Kunduz Khanate in the 19th century. During Murad Beg's reign, he defeated Mir Yar Beg to take control of Badakhshan, and extended his rule north of the Amu Darya into regions like Qurghan Tappa and Kulab. Ahmed Beg was his dewan. He lost a war against Dost Mohammad Khan in the Afghan Turkestan Campaign of 1838-39, which involved Josiah Harlan, ultimately resulting in the decline of his power. Dates on his death are contradictory, ranging from 1838 to 1846.
Standish-with-Langtree
Standish-with-Langtree was, and to a limited extent remains, a local government district centred on Standish, Lancashire, in North West England. Historically it was an ancient township in the hundred of West Derby and county of Lancashire. This unit was abolished in 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972, the same act which established Greater Manchester.

Local board of health
A local board of health (or simply a local board) was a local authority in urban areas of England and Wales from 1848 to 1894. They were formed in response to cholera epidemics and were given powers to control sewers, clean the streets, regulate environmental health risks including slaughterhouses and ensure the proper supply of water to their districts. Local boards were eventually merged with the corporations of municipal boroughs in 1873, or became urban districts in 1894.
Dreamin' (Dom Dolla song)
"Dreamin'" is a song by Australian record producer Dom Dolla featuring American singer and songwriter Daya. It was released on 7 February 2025 and debuted at number 33 on the ARIA Singles Chart.

At the 2025 ARIA Music Awards, the song won Best Dance/Electronic Release and was nominated for Song of the Year, Best Solo Artist, Best Video, Best Engineered Release and Best Produced Release.

2025 ARIA Music Awards
The 2025 ARIA Music Awards were the 39th annual Australian Recording Industry Association music awards ceremony (generally known as ARIA Music Awards or simply the ARIAs). The ARIA Awards ceremony was held on 19 November 2025, broadcast on Network 10 and live-streamed via YouTube and Paramount+ from Hordern Pavilion, Sydney.

Category nominations were announced on 25 September 2025. At the same time You Am I were also named as ARIA Hall of Fame inductees and were subsequently installed in November.
Mikhail Kozhukhov
Mikhail Yuryevich Kozhukhov (Russian: Михаил Юрьевич Кожухов; born 16 December 1956, Moscow) is a Russian journalist and television presenter. Kozhukhov was a host of  In Search of Adventures  television program, for which he received the TEFI award in 2004; he was also awarded the Order of the Red Star.

Kozhukhov graduated from Moscow State Linguistic University in 1979. In 1985–1989 he worked as a staff reporter of Komsomolskaya Pravda in Afghanistan and lately authored the book Alien Stars Over Kabul. In 1989–1994 Kozhukhov worked for the newspaper Izvestia. In 1996 he started to work in the TV company VID. Kozhukhov was an author and host of the program Sdelay shag (Make a Step) on Russian channel TVS in particular.

In 1999–2000 Kozhukhov has been a press secretary of Vladimir Putin.

Komsomolskaya Pravda
Komsomolskaya Pravda (Russian: Комсомольская правда; lit. 'Komsomol Truth') is a daily Russian tabloid newspaper that was founded in 1925. Its name is in reference to the official Soviet newspaper Pravda (English: 'Truth').
Jabal Al Rihane Biosphere Reserve
Jabal Al Rihane Biosphere Reserve is an area of protected "evergreen sclerophylic broussailles and forests" in Southern Lebanon, Lebanon. Established in 2007 It includes several peaks between 1,200 and 1,360 meters high and covers an area of 18,430 hectares and is administered by the Ministry of Environment. The reserve features Oak trees that are up to 500 years old.

Latitude 33° 27′ 01.17″ N; Longitude 35° 33′ 47.17″ E. It is bordered by the Litani River to the south, Mzairaa in the north, and the Jezzine and Niha villages. Parts of the preserve overlook the Beqaa Valley to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the west.

Jezzine
Jezzine (Arabic: جزين Jizzīn) is a municipality in Lebanon, located 22 km (14 mi) from Sidon and 40 km (25 mi) south of Beirut. It is the capital of Jezzine District.  Surrounded by mountain peaks, pine forests (like the Bkassine Pine Forest), and at an average altitude of 950 m (3,117 ft), it is the main summer resort and tourist destination of South Lebanon. The town is also known in Lebanon for the shrine of Our Lady of the Waterfall.
Doc Gynéco
Bruno Beausir (French pronunciation: [bʁyno bosiʁ]; born 10 May 1974), known by his stage name Doc Gynéco (pronounced [dɔk ʒineko]), is a French hip hop musician. His music is typically characterized as a ragga/rap style, that has found its fan base in France.

Ragga
Raggamuffin music (or simply ragga) is a subgenre of dancehall and reggae music. The instrumentals primarily consist of electronic music with heavy use of sampling.

Wayne Smith's "Under Mi Sleng Teng", produced by King Jammy in 1985 on a Casio MT-40 synthesizer, is a seminal ragga song. "Sleng Teng" boosted Jammy's popularity immensely, and other producers quickly released their own versions of the riddim, accompanied by dozens of different vocalists.
Monument Builders
Monument Builders is a studio album by Canadian composer and record producer Scott Morgan under the pseudonym Loscil. It was released on November 11, 2016, through Kranky. It received generally favorable reviews from critics.

Kranky (record label)
Kranky (stylized as kranky) is an American independent record label based in Chicago. It was founded in 1993 by Joel Leoschke and Bruce Adams, who both had backgrounds in the music industry. The label releases experimental music, such as ambient and post-rock.
James Watson (actor)
James (Jimmy) Watson (born 16 April 1970 in Glasgow, Scotland, UK) is a British film and television actor.

He trained at the Drama Studio London and at the Focus Theatre Studio, Dublin. Started his acting career playing Dr. John McEwan in the Irish television soap opera Fair City in 1988. His most important role yet may be that of the swordmaster Duncan Idaho in the American TV miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune in 2000.

He founded the Actor's Bothy at the CCA and co-founded Celtic Mouse Productions (Ireland). He has produced five short films, two of which were short listed for Oscar consideration. Directing credits include Sixteen Words for Water (nominated for an Irish Times Theatre Award), "Breathe" (short film) and "The Playboy Interviews" (art installation film for the Douglas Hyde Gallery, Dublin).

Drama Studio London
Drama Studio London (often abbreviated as DSL) is a British drama school in London. It is accredited by the Federation of Drama Schools. The principal is Emma Lucia Hands.

The Drama Studio London was started in 1966 by Peter Layton. It focuses on developing individual talent, rather than teaching conventional acting styles. It offers a three-year Bachelor of Arts in 'professional acting', validated by the University of West London; a one-year postgraduate diploma/MA in professional acting; a two-year Master of Fine Arts in acting with independent production and from 2025 a Foundation Diploma in Performance (Cert HE)*.
Uranate
A uranate is a ternary oxide involving the element uranium in one of the oxidation states 4, 5 or 6. A typical chemical formula is MxUyOz, where M represents a cation. The uranium atom in uranates(VI) has two short collinear U–O bonds and either four or six more next nearest oxygen atoms. The structures are infinite lattice structures with the uranium atoms linked by bridging oxygen atoms.

Uranium oxides are the foundation of the nuclear fuel cycle ("ammonium diuranate" and "sodium diuranate" are intermediates in the production of uranium oxide nuclear fuels) and their long-term geological disposal requires a thorough understanding of their chemical reactivity, phase transitions, and physical and chemical properties.

Ternary compound
In inorganic chemistry and materials chemistry, a ternary compound or ternary phase is a chemical compound containing three different elements.

While some ternary compounds are molecular, e.g. chloroform (HCCl3), more typically ternary phases refer to extended solids.  The perovskites are a famous example.

Binary phases, with only two elements, have lower degrees of complexity than ternary phases.  With four elements, quaternary phases are more complex.

The number of isomers of a ternary compound provide a distinction between inorganic and organic chemistry: "In inorganic chemistry one or, at most, only a few compounds composed of any two or three elements were known, whereas in organic chemistry the situation was very different."
Andrey Safaryan
Andrey Safaryan (born August 31, 1966) is a Kazakhstani sprint canoer of Armenian descent who competed in the mid-1990s. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, he was eliminated in the repechages of the K-1 1000 m event and the semifinals of the K-4 1000 m event. He was born in Guryev.

Atyrau
Atyrau (UK: /ˌætɪˈraʊ, -ˈrɔː/, US: /ˌɑːtɪˈraʊ, -ˈrɔː/; Kazakh: Атырау, pronounced [ɑtəˈrɑw] ⓘ; Russian: Атырау), known until 1991 as Guryev (Russian: Гурьев), is a city in Kazakhstan and the capital of Atyrau Region. Atyrau is a transcontinental city, at the mouth of the Ural River on the Caspian Sea, between Europe and Asia, 2,700 kilometres (1,700 miles) west of Almaty and 351 kilometres (218 miles) east of the Russian city of Astrakhan.

Atyrau is famous for its oil and gas industries. It has a population of 355,117 as of 2020. It is predominantly made up of Kazakhs, the minorities being Russians, Koreans, Tatars and Uzbeks.
Cristián Sánchez (director)
Luis Cristián Sánchez Garfias (born 19 June 1951) is a Chilean film director, writer and teacher. He is best known as one of the few who actively made underground film inside the repressive Pinochet regime and is a self-proclaimed adherent of the Poetics of Cinema of Raúl Ruiz whom he studied under at the Universidad Católica in the early 1970s and wrote a book about in 2011. His films El zapato chino (1979) and Los deseos concebidos (1982) were both shown at the Berlinale in 1983 and both figure in cinechile.cl's 2016 greatest Chilean films of all-time list.

Underground film
An underground film is a film that is out of the mainstream either in its style, genre or financing.

Notable examples include
John Waters' Pink Flamingos,
David Lynch's Eraserhead, 
Andy Warhol's Blue Movie,
Rosa von Praunheim's Tally Brown, New York,
Frank Henenlotter's Basket Case,
Nikos Nikolaidis' Singapore Sling, 
Rinse Dreams' Café Flesh, and
Jörg Buttgereit's Nekromantik.
Paulo Lino
Paulo Rui Lino Borges  (born 21 July 1971), known as Lino, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a left-back. He played nine seasons and 225 games in the Primeira Liga for Chaves, Braga and Sporting de Espinho.

S.C. Espinho
Sporting Clube de Espinho, also known as Sporting de Espinho, is a Portuguese sports club from the city of Espinho in the Aveiro district. Besides football, the club has volleyball and handball departments that usually compete in the major Portuguese top leagues. Other sport departments are those in athletics, swimming and futsal.
Henry Haigh
The Ven. Canon Henry Haigh  (29 June 1837 – 7 September 1906) was Archdeacon of the Isle of Wight from 1886 to 1906; and a Canon of Winchester from 1890.

Haigh was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1861 and began his career as an Assistant Curate at St Peter, Petersfield. He then held incumbencies in Winchester and Newport before his Archdeacon’s appointment.

Newport, Isle of Wight
Newport is the county town of the Isle of Wight, an island county off the south coast of England. The town is slightly north of the centre of the island, located in the civil parish of Newport and Carisbrooke. It has a quay at the head of the navigable section of the River Medina, which flows northwards to Cowes and the Solent. The 2021 census recorded a population of 25,407.
USS Fallujah
USS Fallujah (LHA-9) will be an America-class amphibious assault ship of the United States Navy and the first ship to bear this name to commemorate the first and second battles at Fallujah during the Iraq War in 2004. On 13 December 2022, Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro announced the name in a press release.

Carlos Del Toro
Carlos Del Toro (born 1961) is a Cuban-American entrepreneur and retired United States Navy officer who served as the 78th United States secretary of the Navy from 2021 to 2025. He is the second Hispanic American to serve as the Secretary of the Navy, after Edward Hidalgo.
Secretary (1976 film)
Secretary is a 1976 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced by D. Ramanaidu under Suresh Productions banner and  directed by K. S. Prakash Rao. Starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Vanisri and music was composed by K. V. Mahadevan. The film was based on Yaddanapudi Sulochana Rani's novel of the same name and was also the last proper film for late Krishna Kumari, even in Telugu.

Acharya Aatreya
Acharya Aatreya (born Kilambi Venkata Narasimhacharyulu pronunciationⓘ; 7 May 1921 – 13 September 1989) was an Indian poet, lyricist, playwright, and screenwriter known for his works in Telugu cinema and Telugu theatre. He received the state Nandi Award for Best Lyricist in 1981 for "Andamaina Lokamani" from the film Tholikoodi Koosindi. He is popularly known as Manasu Kavi (transl. Poet of the Heart).
Baltimore and Ohio SD20-2
The SD20-2 was a type of diesel-electric locomotive created in 1979/1980 by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad by rebuilding EMD SD35 locomotives.  Five of the B&O's SD35 fleet were rebuilt at their Cumberland Yard by fitting a non-turbocharged EMD 645 engine and upgraded electrical systems.  They were placed in service at the B&O Queensgate Yard in Cincinnati, Ohio attached to slugs, engineless units with traction motors that draw their power from the "mother" unit.

With the B&O, the SD20-2s were numbered #7700–7704. At some point, #7700 and #7702 swapped numbers.  All of them passed to CSX Transportation as #2400-2404, but are now withdrawn from CSX service.  One of the units, #2401, went on to the Ohio Central Railroad System; #2401 was in turn resold to the Pacific Harbor Line and reassigned road #45 (pictured at right).  #2404 was scrapped by Cycle Systems of Roanoke, Virginia in August 2006.

Traction motor
A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, or electric multiple unit trains.

Traction motors are used in electrically powered railway vehicles (electric multiple units) and other electric vehicles, including electric milk floats, trolleybuses, elevators, roller coasters, and conveyor systems, as well as vehicles with electrical transmission systems (diesel–electric locomotives, electric hybrid vehicles), and battery electric vehicles.
All My Rage
All My Rage is a contemporary young adult novel written by Pakistani-American author Sabaa Tahir. It was published on March 1, 2022 by Razorbill, an imprint of Penguin Random House. All My Rage is the fifth book written by Tahir and her first standalone book. It explores two high school students struggling to balance family, grief, love, life and a desperate desire to escape a small town that only seems to be suffocating them.

The book was a New York Times and Indie bestseller and was a winner of the 2022 Boston Globe–Horn Book Award. It also won the 2022 National Book Award for Young People's Literature, the Michael L. Printz Award, and the 2023 Amelia Elizabeth Walden Award from the Assembly on Literature for Adolescents of NCTE.

Amelia Elizabeth Walden Award
The Amelia Elizabeth Walden Award, presented by The Assembly on Literature for Adolescents of the National Council of Teachers of English (ALAN), is an annual award in the United States for a book that exemplifies literary excellence, widespread appeal, and a positive approach to life in young adult literature. It is named after Amelia Elizabeth Walden who died in Westport, Connecticut in 2002 and was a pioneer in the field of Young Adult Literature.  The national award is presented  annually to the author of a title selected by ALAN's Amelia Elizabeth Walden Award Committee.
Judy Traub
Judy Traub (born June 2, 1940) is an American politician and community volunteer.

Traub was born in Boston, Massachusetts and graduated from Brandeis University. She lived in Minnetonka, Minnesota, with her husband Fred and their children, and was a community volunteer. Traub served in the Minnesota Senate in 1991 and 1992 and was a Democrat. Traub then moved to Wellington, Florida, with her husband, and continued to be a community volunteer.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.