hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saint John the Evangelist Catholic Church (Logan, Ohio)
Saint John the Evangelist Catholic Church Complex is a historic church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus at 351 North Market Street in Logan, Ohio. The current structure was built in 1897 in a Colonial Revival / Late Gothic Revival style. The church and surrounding complex  was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Diocese of Columbus
The Diocese of Columbus (Latin: Dioecesis Columbensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church covering 23 counties in central Ohio in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The mother church is St. Joseph Cathedral in Columbus. The diocese was erected in 1868. The current bishop is Earl K. Fernandes.
Arslanbey, Kartepe
Arslanbey or Aslanbey (Armenian: Ասլանբեկ Aslanbek or Aslanbeg) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Kartepe, Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,927 (2022). Before the Armenian genocide it was populated by Armenians and was known as Aslanbeg. The Armenian dialect of Aslanbeg had some unusual features; it was described by Hrachia Adjarian but now is extinct.

Hrachia Acharian
Hrachia Acharian (Armenian: Հրաչեայ Աճառեան, reformed spelling: Հրաչյա Աճառյան; pronounced [həɾɑt͡ʃʰˈjɑ ɑt͡ʃɑrˈjɑn]; 8 March 1876 – 16 April 1953) was an Armenian linguist, lexicographer, etymologist, and philologist.

An Istanbul Armenian, Acharian studied at local Armenian schools and at the Sorbonne, under Antoine Meillet, and the University of Strasbourg, under Heinrich Hübschmann. He then taught in various Armenian communities in the Russian Empire and Iran before settling in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1923, working at Yerevan State University until his death.

A polyglot, Acharian compiled several major dictionaries, including the monumental Armenian Etymological Dictionary, extensively studied Armenian dialects, compiled catalogs of Armenian manuscripts, and authored comprehensive studies on the history of Armenian language and alphabet. Acharian is considered the father of Armenian linguistics.
Melissa Conyears Ervin
Melissa Conyears-Ervin (born August 23, 1975) is an American politician and the current Chicago City Treasurer. She was previously a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 10th District since 2017. The 10th district includes all or parts of West Garfield Park, East Garfield Park, United Center, Ukrainian Village, River West, Goose Island, Wicker Park and Lincoln Park in Chicago.

Goose Island (Chicago)
Goose Island is a 160-acre (65 ha) artificial island in Chicago, Illinois, formed by the North Branch of the Chicago River on the west and the North Branch Canal on the east. It is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long and 0.5 miles (0.80 km) across at its widest point.
Computer & Communications Industry Association v. Uthmeier
Computer & Communications Industry Association v. Uthmeier is a lawsuit filed by the Computer & Communications Industry Association and NetChoice against Florida law HB 3 which is codified as 501.1736 in the Florida Statues claiming it violates the First Amendment, is unconstitutionally vague, and is preempt by the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. The lawsuits name was originally Computer & Communications Industry Association et al. v. Moody until Ashley Moody possession changed from being the Attorney General of Florida to being a Senator and the possession of Attorney General of Florida was given to James Uthmeier.

James Uthmeier
James William Uthmeier (/uːθmaɪər/ UHTH-my-ər; born November 25, 1987) is an American politician and attorney serving as the 39th attorney general of Florida since 2025. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as chief of staff to Governor Ron DeSantis from 2021 to 2025.
Christopher Smith (MP, died 1589)
Christopher Smith (by 1510 – 1589) was an English politician.

The son of Robert Smith of Waltham, Lincolnshire, he was elected Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Saltash in 1547, Bridport in October 1553, St. Albans in 1559.

He was appointed clerk of the Exchequer by 1545 and Clerk of the Pipe by 1551, a position he held until his death. He was a Justice of the Peace for Hertfordshire from 1562 to his death. His home, Annables Manor, was in Harpenden.

St Albans (UK Parliament constituency)
St Albans is a constituency in Hertfordshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Daisy Cooper, a Liberal Democrat.

This article also describes the eponymous parliamentary borough (1554–1852), consisting only of the city of St Albans, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote system.
Jack Oyugi
Jack Oyugi is an entrepreneur from Kenya known for developing Aquaprotein animal feed from water hyacinth, an invasive species in Lake Victoria.

Oyugi worked as a dairy farm manager and observed that water hyacinth would be consumed by cows up to the point where it became inundated with heavy metals. In 2016, he started a company which harvested hyacinth and processed it with a fungus to increase protein levels from 14% to 50% to create a product able to be used as feed. Fishermen on Lake Victoria harvest the hyacinth. The byproduct can also be used as fertilizer.

Pontederia crassipes
Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes), commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive outside its native range. It is the sole species of the subgenus Oshunae within the genus Pontederia. Anecdotally, it is known as the "terror of Bengal" due to its invasive growth tendencies.
Qechene River
Qechene River is a river of central Ethiopia. It rises near Aiamsa in the Annas Mountains, and flows to the west to join the Wanchet. The watercourse's tributaries include the Ketama and Woia. According to Johann Ludwig Krapf (who calls it the "Katchenee"), the Qechene defines the boundary between the Shewan districts of Gishe and Menz.

Shewa
Shewa (Amharic: ሸዋ; Oromo: Shawaa;  Somali: Shawa; Arabic: شيوا, Italian: Scioà), formerly romanized as Shua, Shoa, Showa, Shuwa, is a historical region of Ethiopia which was formerly an autonomous kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire. The modern Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa is located at its center.

The towns of Debre Berhan, Antsokia, Ankober, Entoto and, after Shewa became a province of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa have all served as the capital of Shewa at various times. Most of northern Shewa, made up of the districts of Menz, Tegulet, Yifat, Menjar and Bulga, is populated by Christian Amharas, while southern Shewa is inhabited by the Gurages and eastern Shewa has large Oromo and Argobba Muslim populations. The monastery of Debre Libanos, founded by Saint Tekle Haymanot, is located in the ancient district of Selale. Modern Shewa includes the historical Endagabatan province.
Renard R.36
The Renard R.36 was a Belgian all-metal fighter aircraft designed by Alfred Renard to replace the Fairey Firefly IIM within the Belgian Air Force. Designed to improve on the Renard Epervier, which was never adopted by the Belgian government, the prototype R.36 first flew on 5 November 1937. Following testing the R.36 was selected by the Belgian Air Force in late 1938, with 40 aircraft provisionally ordered, to be delivered in two years.

However, on 17 January 1939 the prototype, OO-ARW, crashed near Nivelles, killing pilot Lt. Viscount Eric de Spoelberch. The official investigation was inconclusive, no evidence of material failure being discovered, with the most probable causes being radio equipment coming loose during a high-G manoeuvre, jamming the controls, or the pilot becoming incapacitated.  The airframe had accumulated 75:30 hours' flight time. The order was then dropped in favour of licence production of the Hawker Hurricane by SABCA.

Hispano-Suiza 12Y
The Hispano-Suiza 12Y was an aircraft engine produced by Hispano-Suiza for the French Air Force before the Second World War. The 12Y became the primary French 1,000 hp (750 kW) class engine and was used in a number of famous aircraft, including the Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 and Dewoitine D.520.

Its design was based on the earlier, and somewhat smaller, 12X. The 12X did not see widespread use before the 12Y replaced it and became one of the most powerful French designs on the eve of the war. The 12Z was being designed but this was ended by the fall of France and the German occupation.

The 12Y was produced under Hispano-Suiza licence in the Soviet Union as the Klimov M-100. This design led to the highly successful Klimov VK-105 series that powered the Yakovlev and Lavochkin fighters as well as the Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber. Licensed production of the early models was also undertaken in Czechoslovakia as the Avia HS 12Ydrs and in Switzerland as the HS-77.
Line 6 (Suzhou Metro)
Line 6 of the Suzhou Metro is a line partly in operation. Running north-west to south-east, it connects Suzhou New District, Suzhou's city center of Gusu District, and Suzhou Industrial Park. The line 6, except Huayun station, started operation in 29 June 2024.

Suzhou Metro
Suzhou Metro, previously known as Suzhou Rail Transit, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu Province, China. Line 1 began operation on April 28, 2012. Line 2 opened on December 28, 2013. A further three lines, and an extension of Line 2, were completed between 2016 and 2021. Line 11, connecting Kunshan city which is under Suzhou's administration, and beyond to the Shanghai Metro, was completed on June 24, 2023, and a further three lines were opened in 2024.

Daily ridership increased from 680,000 (2017 average) to 899,000 (2018 average) to 995,000 (2019 average) to 1.935 million (2025 average). Record ridership increased from 1,130,000 (30 April 2017) to 1,548,000 (2 May 2019 record).
Abrami
Abrami is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Felice Abrami (1872–1919), Italian artist

Lahcen Abrami (born 1969), Moroccan footballer

Léon Abrami (1879–1939), French politician

Patrick Abrami (fl. 2010), American politician

Lahcen Abrami
Lahcen Abrami (Arabic: لحسن أبرامي; born 31 December 1969 in Casablanca) is a retired Moroccan footballer. He played for several clubs, including Wydad Casablanca and Gençlerbirliği in Turkey.

Abrami played for the Morocco national football team and was a participant at the 1992 Summer Olympics and at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.

Abrami began playing in Raja Casablanca's youth system. Aged 17, he joined city rivals Wydad Casablanca where he would play club football until 2005.
Suburban Legends
Suburban Legends are an American ska punk band that formed in Huntington Beach, California, in 1998 and later based themselves in nearby Santa Ana. After building a fanbase in the Orange County ska scene through their numerous regular performances at the Disneyland Resort, a series of lineup changes in 2005 introduced elements of funk and disco into the group's style.

Since 2009, the band has gradually returned to its ska roots, and has also recorded cover versions of songs from Disney films and television series.

MC Lars
Andrew Robert Nielsen (born October 6, 1982), known professionally as MC Lars, is an American rapper, producer, educator, and founder of Horris Records. A graduate of Stanford University and the University of Oxford, he has been described as a pioneer of "lit-hop", a genre blending hip-hop with themes from classical and American literature. In a 2003 song, he used the term "iGeneration", which ASCAP credited as an early instance of the term. He has performed at venues including Carnegie Hall
 and multiple TEDx events. His work frequently references authors like William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, and Herman Melville, and he is considered a key figure in the early nerdcore movement.
Foias constant
In mathematical analysis, the Foias constant is a real number named after Ciprian Foias.

It is defined in the following way: for every real number x1 > 0, there is a sequence defined by the recurrence relation

for n = 1, 2, 3, ....  The Foias constant is the unique choice α such that if x1 = α then the sequence diverges to infinity.  For all other values of x1, the sequence is divergent as well, but it has two accumulation points: 1 and infinity.  Numerically, it is

.

No closed form for the constant is known.

When x1 = α then the growth rate of the sequence (xn) is given by the limit

where "log" denotes the natural logarithm.

The same methods used in the proof of the uniqueness of the Foias constant may also be applied to other similar recursive sequences.

Closed-form expression
In mathematics, a closed form expression or formula is one that is formed with constants, variables, and a set of functions considered as basic and connected by arithmetic operations (+, −, ×, /, and integer powers) and function composition. Commonly, the basic functions that are allowed in closed forms are nth root, exponential function, logarithm, and trigonometric functions. However, the set of basic functions depends on the context. For example, if one adds polynomial roots to the basic functions, the functions that have a closed form are called elementary functions.

The closed-form problem arises when new ways are introduced for specifying mathematical objects, such as limits, series, and integrals: given an object specified with such tools, a natural problem is to find, if possible, a closed-form expression of this object; that is, an expression of this object in terms of previous ways of specifying it.
Villers-la-Loue
Villers-la-Loue (Gaumais: Vilé l'Olu) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Meix-devant-Virton, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.

The history of the settlement goes back to the time of the Roman Empire, when a Roman villa existed here. In 1225, the village is noted as being subservient to the lord of Cons-la-Grandville and the Abbey of Saint-Hubert. The village church, dedicated to Saint Hubert, was built in 1858. The village consists of several buildings from mainly the 18th and 19th centuries.

Abbey of Saint-Hubert
Saint-Hubert Abbey (French: Abbaye de Saint-Hubert), officially the Abbey of St Peter in the Ardennes (Abbaye de Saint-Pierre en Ardennes), was a Benedictine monastery founded in the Ardennes in 687 and suppressed in 1797. The former abbey church is now a minor basilica in the diocese of Namur, Belgium. It was listed as built heritage in 1938, and as an exceptional monument in 2016.
Shaumari Wildlife Reserve
The Shaumari Wildlife Reserve is a Jordanian nature reserve near the town of Azraq, approximately 100 km (62 mi) east of Amman.

It is a regionally important reserve created in 1975 by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature as a breeding center for endangered or locally extinct wildlife. The 22-square-kilometre (8.5 sq mi) reserve is a thriving protected environment for some of the most threatened species of animals in the Middle East. Some of the species include Arabian oryx, Somali ostriches, Persian onagers (an Asian wild ass from Iran) and gazelles.

Somali ostrich
The Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes), also known as the blue-necked ostrich, is a large flightless bird native to the Horn of Africa. It is one of two living species of ostriches, the other being the common ostrich. It was also previously considered a subspecies of the common ostrich, but was identified as a distinct species in 2014. For a long time, Somalis partially domesticated some of these ostriches.
Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
The Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 (codified at 47 U.S.C. ch. 5, subch. V–A) was an act of Congress passed on October 30, 1984 to promote competition and deregulate the cable television industry. The act established a national policy for the regulation of cable television communications by federal, state, and local authorities. Conservative Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona wrote and supported the act, which amended the Communications Act of 1934 with the insertion of "Title VI—Cable Communications". After more than three years of debate, six provisions were enacted to represent the intricate compromise between cable operators and municipalities.

Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC
Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission, 395 U.S. 367 (1969), was a seminal First Amendment ruling at the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court held that radio broadcasters enjoyed free speech rights under the First Amendment, but those rights could be partially restricted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to maintain the public interest in equitable use of scarce broadcasting frequencies. As a result, the FCC's Fairness Doctrine was found to be constitutional.
Turkey Swamp Park
Turkey Swamp Park is a 2,388-acre (966 ha) county  park and nature preserve in Freehold Township, New Jersey. Within the northernmost fringes of the Pine Barrens, the Turkey Swamp area is located on a ridge, being a major drainage divide within Central New Jersey. It includes the headwaters of the Manasquan that flows into Manasquan Inlet, and the Metedeconk and Toms River systems that flow into Barnegat Bay, to the east; the  Manalapan Brook system  that is part of the Raritan River basin, to the north; and the Assunpink and Crosswicks systems that flow into the Delaware River, and the Millstone River system that also flows to the Raritan, to the west. The chief recreational attraction of this park is the 17-acre (6.9 ha) lake suitable for bass, bluegill and catfish fishing, as well as canoeing and paddle boating.

It is adjacent to the over 4,000-acre (1,600 ha) Turkey Swamp Wildlife Management Area.

Millstone River
The Millstone River is a 38.6-mile-long (62.1 km) tributary of the Raritan River in central New Jersey in the United States.

The Millstone River begins in western Monmouth County and flows westward through northern Mercer County / southern Middlesex County, and northward through southern Somerset County, before draining into the Raritan River at Manville.  Almost three quarters of its length is paralleled by the Delaware and Raritan Canal. Both the Millstone River and parallel canal provide drinking water to large portions of central New Jersey and provide recreational uses as well.

Parts of the river demarks the border between Middlesex and Mercer Counties, which also forms the boundaries between the Second and Third Districts of the Federal Reserve.
Mario Von Appen
Mario von Appen (sometimes listed as Mario Von Appen or Mario van Appen, born 31 July 1965 in Hamburg) is a German sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, he won a gold medal in the K-4 1000 m event.

Von Appen also won six medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (K-4 1000 m and K-4 10000 m: both 1993), three silvers (K-4 500 m: 1989, 1993, 1995), and a bronze (K-4 1000 m: 1994).

1993 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1993 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark for the third time. The Danish city had hosted the event previously in 1950 and 1970.

The men's competition consisted of eight Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Five events were held for the women, all in kayak. This was the first championship following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the first since Czechoslovakia broke up into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in early 1993.

This was the 25th championships in canoe sprint.
Sangeeta Yadav
Sangeeta Yadav is an Indian politician. She is a member of parliament (Rajya Sabha). She was a member of the 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. She represented the Chauri-Chaura Assembly constituency in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh and is a national secretary of the Bharatiya Janata Party Mahila Morcha.

BJP Mahila Morcha
Mahila Morcha (IPA: Mahilā Mōrcā, transl. Women's Front), is the women's wing of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Vanathi Srinivasan, former Tamil Nadu BJP Unit Vice president and current Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Coimbatore South constituency, is the national president of the wing.
Mount Hope railway line
The Mount Hope railway briefly connected the Broken Hill railway line with Mount Hope, New South Wales, Australia.  The copper mine for which this branch was constructed to service ceased full-time operations four months before the line was opened. After a bare five years, the branch itself was closed—possibly the first step of rationalisation to be practiced by the New South Wales Government Railways.

New South Wales Government Railways
New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) was an agency of the Government of New South Wales which administered rail transport in the colony, and then the state, of New South Wales, Australia, between 1855 and 1932.
Biraul Railway Station
Biraul Railway Station Code is BIRL, is a Railway Station in Darbhanga District of Bihar, state of India. It is under the administrative control of the Samastipur Division of the East Central Railway Zone of the Indian Railways. Here are some trains that are passing through the Biraul Railway Station like BIRL - DBG Passenger, BIRL- DBG Demu, DBG - BIRL Passenger, BIRL - SKI Passenger, DBG - BIRL Demu, and many more.

Darbhanga district
Darbhanga district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the eastern Indian state of Bihar. The city of Darbhanga is the administrative headquarters of this district and 5th largest city of Bihar as well. Darbhanga district lies in the Darbhanga division, within the historical Mithila region. The district is bounded on the north by Madhubani district, on the south by Samastipur district, on the east by Saharsa district and on the west by Sitamarhi and Muzaffarpur districts. The district covers an area of 2,279 km2 (880 sq mi). There are several locations related to the epic Ramayana. The Ahalya Sthan, Gautam Ashram and Gautam Kund are major destinations for the Ramayana circuit in the district.
Steve Messmer
Stephen George Messmer (died 2017) was an American professional tennis player.

Indianapolis-born, Messmer grew up in Glendale, California and was a collegiate tennis player for Cal State Northridge, at the time known as San Fernando Valley State. He was the 1969 NCAA College Division singles and doubles champion. In 1973 he qualified for the singles main draw at Wimbledon and was runner-up in the All England Plate. He also featured in the 1974 US Open main draw, losing his first round match in four sets to Fred McNair.

1974 US Open (tennis)
The 1974 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, in New York City in the United States. The tournament was held from August 26 until September 8, 1974. It was the 94th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1974. The girls’ championship was introduced in 1974, and it was the last year the tournament was played on grass courts. Jimmy Connors and Billie Jean King won the singles titles.
DAF 600
The DAF 600 is a small family car produced by Dutch automaker DAF from 1959 until 1963. It was DAF's first production passenger car. The 600 was first presented at the Amsterdam Motor Show in February 1958 and was in production by 1959, although the firm had published the first details of the car at the end of 1957.

C-segment
The C-segment is the 3rd category of the European segments for passenger cars and is described as "medium cars". It is equivalent to the Euro NCAP "small family car" size class, and the compact car category in the United States.

In 2024, the C-segment had a European market share of 13.9%.