hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1870 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on 20 November 1870, with a second round of voting on 27 November. They were a snap election, called by Prime Minister Giovanni Lanza to take advantage by the Capture of Rome and to give parliamentary representation to the future capital of Italy.

Only 530,018 men of a total population of around 26 million were entitled to vote. They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending.

Rentier capitalism
Rentier capitalism is a concept in Marxist and heterodox economics to refer to rent-seeking and exploitation by companies in capitalist systems. The term was developed by Austrian social geographer Hans Bobek describing an economic system that was widespread in antiquity and still widespread in the Middle East, where productive investments are largely lacking and the highest possible share of income is skimmed off from ground-rents, leases and rents. Consequently, in many developing countries, rentier capitalism is an obstacle to economic development. A rentier is someone who earns income from capital without working. This is generally done through ownership of assets that generate yield (cash generated by assets), such as rental properties, shares in dividend-paying companies, or bonds that pay interest.
Greenwich Park (play)
Greenwich Park is a 1691 comedy play by the English writer William Mountfort.

The original cast included Anthony Leigh as Sir Thomas Reveller, James Nokes as Raison, Cave Underhill as Sasaphras, John Hodgson as Lord Worthy, William Mountfort as Young Reveller, William Bowen as Thoughtless John Bowman as Beau, George Bright as Bully Bounce, Elizabeth Barry as Dorinda, Susanna Mountfort as Florella, Margaret Osborne as Lady Hazard, Katherine Corey as Aunt to Dorinda and Frances Maria Knight as Mrs Raison.

John Bowman (actor)
John Bowman (1651–1739) was a British stage actor. He began his career in the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre. In 1692, he married Elizabeth Watson, who acted under the name Elizabeth Bowman. He later switched to act at the Drury Lane Theatre. He is also referred to as John Boman.
Steve Matthiasson
Steve Matthiasson is an American farmer, viticulturist, and winemaker known for his contributions to the low-to-moderate alcohol California wine movement.

Along with his wife, Jill Matthiasson, he co-founded Matthiasson Family Vineyards in Napa Valley, California in 2003. Matthiasson's expertise has made him one of Napa's top viticultural consultants since 1995. He has worked with several wineries, including Araujo, Dalla Valle, Spottswoode, David Arthur, Chappellet, and Stag's Leap Wine Cellars, and has mentored many winegrowers throughout his career.

Consultant
A consultant (from Latin: consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as expert, specialist, see variations of meaning below) who provides advice or services in an area of specialization (generally to medium or large-size corporations). Consulting services generally fall under the domain of professional services, as contingent work.

The Harvard Business School defines a consultant as someone who advises on "how to modify, proceed in, or streamline a given process within a specialized field".
Army Group Centre (France)
Army Group Centre (French: Groupe d'armées du Centre, G. A. C.) was a grouping of French field armies during World War I, which was created on June 22, 1915. The army group covered the Western Front roughly between Rheims and Verdun.

The G.A.C. was then disbanded on December 1, 1917, and a second one—also known as Army Group Maistre—was created by transforming the Army Group North on July 6, 1918. General Paul Maistre was its last commander until the Armistice.

4th Army (France)
The Fourth Army (French: IVe Armée), nicknamed the "Army of Fontainebleau", was a unit of the French Army, which fought during World War I and World War II.

It was one of five armies created and mobilized by the Grand Quartier Général when Plan XVII was launched in response to the German attack of August 1914.
Paul Hagen
Paul Falck Hagen (19 March 1920 – 19 May 2003) was a Danish film and television actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1952 and 1999. He is most known for playing Mr. Clausen in the television series Huset på Christianshavn, which aired between 1970 and 1977.

He was born in Copenhagen, and died in Nakskov, Denmark. He is buried in Langø cemetery on Lolland island where he lived the last years of his life.

Lolland
Lolland (Danish: [ˈlʌˌlænˀ] ⓘ; formerly spelled Laaland, literally "low land") is the fourth largest island of Denmark, with an area of 1,243 km2 (480 sq mi). Located in the Kattegat, Belts and Sund area, it is part of Region Sjælland (Region Zealand). As of 1 January 2022, it has 57,618 inhabitants. Lolland is closely connected to the island of Falster to its east. The locality of Sundby forms a cross-island urban area with Nykøbing Falster, the largest conurbation partially on Lolland. The most populated settlement on Lolland proper is Nakskov.
Iraq national badminton team
The Iraq national badminton team (Arabic: منتخب الريشة الوطني العراقي) represents Iraq in international badminton team competitions and is controlled by the Iraq Badminton Federation, the governing body for Iraqi badminton.

The team made its international team tournament debut in the 2009 Badminton Asia Junior Championships mixed team event. Iraq also competes in para-badminton. The national team competed in the Pan Arab Games and has won two bronze medals in doubles.

2009 Badminton Asia Junior Championships
The 2009 Asian Junior Badminton Championships is an Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. This tournament were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 12–19 July.
Hemipsilichthys
Hemipsilichthys is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes, and the subfamily Delturinae, the primitive suckermouth catfishes. These wide-mouthed freshwater catfishes are restricted to southeast Brazil in the Paraíba do Sul, Perequê-Áçu and Taquari river basins. Hemipsilichthys, along with Delturus, form a clade (Delturinae). In these two genera, members have a ridge behind their dorsal fin and an adipose fin membrane. However, in Hemipsilichthys, the dorsal fin membrane and most anterior plate of the adipose fin do not touch, while they do in Delturus.

Southeast Region, Brazil
The Southeast Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Sudeste do Brasil, pronounced [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w suˈdɛstʃi du bɾaˈziw]) is composed of the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. It is the richest region of the country, responsible for approximately 53% of the Brazilian GDP (2022), as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais are the three richest states of Brazil, the top three Brazilian states in terms of GDP. The Southeast of Brazil also has the highest GDP per capita among all Brazilian regions.

The Southeast region accounts for about 44% of Brazil's total population, leading the country in population, urban population, population density, vehicles, industries, universities, airports, ports, highways, hospitals, schools, houses and many other areas.
George B. Johnson
George B. Johnson (born 11 June 1942 in Newport News, Virginia) is a science educator who for many years has written a weekly column "On Science" in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. For over 30 years he was a biology professor at Washington University in St. Louis and a genetics professor at Washington University School of Medicine. He has authored 44 scientific papers and ten high school and college biology texts. Over 3 million students have learned biology from these texts.

Washington University School of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine (WashU Medicine) is the medical school of Washington University in St. Louis, located in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1891, the School of Medicine shares a campus with Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children's Hospital, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center.

The clinical service is provided by Washington University Physicians, a comprehensive medical and surgical practice providing treatment in more than 75 medical specialties. Washington University Physicians are the medical staff of the school's two teaching hospitals – Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital. They also provide inpatient and outpatient care at the St. Louis Veteran's Administration Hospital, hospitals of the BJC HealthCare system, and 35 other office locations throughout the greater St. Louis region.
Alex Gard
Alex Gard (born Alexei Mikhailovich Kremkov, Russian: Алексе́й Миха́йлович Кремко́в; also tr. Kremkoff; June 17, 1898 – June 1, 1948) was a Russian American cartoonist. He was a regular cartoonist for newspapers, magazines and books, but is most well known for his celebrity caricatures at Sardi's restaurant in New York City.

Pearl Bailey
Pearl Mae Bailey (March 29, 1918 – August 17, 1990) was an American actress, singer, comedian and author. After appearing in vaudeville, she made her Broadway debut in St. Louis Woman in 1946. She received a Special Tony Award for the title role in the all-Black production of Hello, Dolly! in 1968. In 1986, she won a Daytime Emmy award for her performance as a fairy godmother in the ABC Afterschool Special Cindy Eller: A Modern Fairy Tale. Her rendition of "Takes Two to Tango" hit the top ten in 1952.

In 1976, she became the first African American to receive the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom on October 17, 1988.
South Shore Riverfront Park
The South Shore Riverfront Park is a 3.4-acre park that stretches from 25th to 29th streets along the south banks of the Monongahela River upriver from Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is situated on the site of the former Jones & Laughlin Steel Mill and is adjacent to the SouthSide Works retail and residential complex.

Downtown Pittsburgh
Downtown Pittsburgh, colloquially referred to as the Golden Triangle, and officially the Central Business District, is the urban downtown center of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the confluence of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River whose joining forms the Ohio River. The triangle is bounded by the two rivers.

The area features offices for major corporations such as PNC Bank, U.S. Steel, PPG, Bank of New York Mellon, Heinz, Federated Investors, and Alcoa. It is where the fortunes of such industrial barons as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, Henry J. Heinz, Andrew Mellon and George Westinghouse were made. It contains the site where the French fort, Fort Duquesne, once stood.
Angara Airlines Flight 9007
On 11 July 2011, Angara Airlines Flight 9007, an Antonov An-24 turboprop passenger aircraft on a domestic service from Tomsk to Surgut, Russia, ditched into the Ob River, after suffering an engine fire. Seven of the 37 people on board died.

Tomsk
Tomsk (Russian: Томск, IPA: [tomsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, on the Tom River. Population: 544,566 (2025); 556,478 (2021 census); 524,669 (2010 census); 487,838 (2002 census); 501,963 (1989 Soviet census).

Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia. It has six universities, with over 100,000 students, including Tomsk State University, the oldest university in Siberia.
Openings (The Killing)
"Openings" is the nineteenth episode of the American television drama series The Killing, and the sixth of its second season, which aired on April 29, 2012. The episode is written by Aaron Zelman and is directed by Kevin Bray. In the episode, Sarah Linden (Mireille Enos) investigates the Larsen family; Stan Larsen's (Brent Sexton) past still haunts him; Mitch Larsen (Michelle Forbes) continues to help a runaway girl (Chelsea Ricketts); and Darren Richmond (Billy Campbell) gets a surprise visitor.

Kevin Bray (director)
Kevin Bray is an American film, television, commercial and music video director. Bray attended the University of Michigan and the University of Paris (Sorbonne) before completing his studies at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. Bray also goes by his initials, KGB. Bray is the brother of record producer, Stephen Bray.
Constraint counting
In mathematics, constraint counting is counting the number of constraints in order to compare it with the number of variables, parameters, etc. that are free to be determined, the idea being that in most cases the number of independent choices that can be made is the excess of the latter over the former.

For example, in linear algebra if the number of constraints (independent equations) in a system of linear equations equals the number of unknowns then precisely one solution exists; if there are fewer independent equations than unknowns, an infinite number of solutions exist; and if the number of independent equations exceeds the number of unknowns, then no solutions exist.

In the context of partial differential equations, constraint counting is a crude but often useful way of counting the number of free functions needed to specify a solution to a partial differential equation.

Parameter
A parameter (from Ancient Greek  παρά (pará) 'beside, subsidiary' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

Parameter has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including mathematics, computer programming, engineering, statistics, logic, linguistics, and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.
The Wave (2025 film)
The Wave (Spanish: La ola) is a 2025 musical drama film directed by Sebastián Lelio, from a screenplay written by Lelio, Manuela Infante, Josefina Fernández and Paloma Salas. Starring Daniela López, Avril Aurora, Lola Bravo and Paulina Cortés, it is loosely inspired by 2018 Chilean feminist protests and strikes.

The film had its world premiere at the Cannes Premiere section of the 2025 Cannes Film Festival, on May 16, 2025.

Sebastián Lelio
Sebastián Lelio Watt (born 8 March 1974) is a Chilean director, screenwriter, editor and producer. He received critical acclaim for directing the films Gloria (2013) and A Fantastic Woman (2017), the latter of which won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Speare's Brickworks
Speare's Brickworks was an Australian brick manufacturer based in St Peters, New South Wales.

Established in 1869 as Goodsell's Brickworks in Newtown, the facility was Sydney's first fully steam-powered brick factory. It pioneered the use of Shale clay and mechanized processes, achieving a daily output of up to 15,000 bricks.

In 1891, the plant was acquired by Peter Speare during an economic downturn and became Speare's Brickworks. It continued operations through the 1890s, supplying bricks for Sydney's urban expansion. The site of the former brickworks is a notable landmark in the St Peters area of Sydney.

St Peters, New South Wales
St Peters is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 7 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Inner West Council, with a small section in the southeast in the City of Sydney.
Rhodonia
Rhodonia is a genus of fungal crust fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. The species in the genus are species of brown rot, found in China, Europe, and North America, where it grows on decaying conifer wood.

Corticioid fungi
The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Corticium ("corticioid" means Corticium-like) and subsequently to the family Corticiaceae, but it is now known that all corticioid species are not necessarily closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of convergent evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers and other texts.
Armenian Union of Architects
The Armenian Union of Architects (Armenian: Հայաստանի ճարտարապետների միություն, romanized: Hayastani chartarapetneri miut’yun), also known as the Chamber of Architects of Armenia was founded in 1932 in Yerevan by the committee under the chairmanship of Gevorg Kochar. The members of committee were Mikayel Mazmanian (Deputy Chairman of the Committee), Nikoghayos Buniatyan, Alexander Tamanyan, A. Aharonian, F. Hakobyan, B. Arazyan, A. Margaryan, M. Mkrtchyan.

Alexander Tamanian
Alexander Hovhannesi Tamanian (Armenian: Ալեքսանդր Հովհաննեսի Թամանյան; Russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Тама́нов, romanized: Aleksándr Ivánovich Tamánov; March 4, 1878 – February 20, 1936) was a Russian-born Armenian neoclassical architect, well known for his work in the city of Yerevan.
Brooklyn, Tasman District
Brooklyn is a settlement and rural valley in the Tasman District of New Zealand's upper South Island. It is located on the outskirts of Motueka, and is dominated by orchards.

The Brooklyn Recreation Reserve, a flat, 4.6 ha grassed reserve, was donated to Tasman District Council in 1984. It includes remnants of lowland forest the council has deemed "significant", including a hillside of tawhai rauriki or black beech and regenerating native forest dominated by  kānuka. The reserve has had limited weeds and no outbreak of wild pigs.

Brooklyn is connected to Woodstock by a cycling trail. In 2018, Tourism Minister Kelvin Davis announced funding to upgrade the trail.

The Blue Gum corner of Motueka River, just outside the village, is a river swimming spot.

Minister for Tourism and Hospitality (New Zealand)
The Minister for Tourism and Hospitality is a minister in the New Zealand Government appointed by the Prime Minister to be in charge of supporting and promoting tourism and hospitality. The current Minister for Tourism and Hospitality is Louise Upston.
1982 US Open – Women's doubles
Kathy Jordan and Anne Smith were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Bettina Bunge and Claudia Kohde-Kilsch.

Rosemary Casals and Wendy Turnbull, who lost the final of the preceding year, won this year's final 6–4, 6–4 against Barbara Potter and Sharon Walsh.

Kathy Jordan
Kathryn  Jordan (born December 3, 1959) is a former American tennis player. During her career, she won seven Grand Slam titles, five of them in women's doubles and two in mixed doubles. She also was the 1983 Australian Open women's singles runner-up and won three singles titles and 42 doubles titles.
Autovía A-43
The Autovía A-43 (also known as Autovía Extremadura - Comunidad Valenciana) is an autovía in south-central Spain.

As of 2013, it lies entirely in the community of Castile-La Mancha. It starts at the Autovía A-41 at Ciudad Real and runs past the towns of Daimiel and Manzanares, and the small cities of Tomelloso and Villarrobledo, before ending at the village of Atalaya del Cañavate in the province of Cuenca, where it connects with the Autovía A-3 to Valencia and the Autovía A-31 to Albacete and Alicante .

Between Ciudad Real and Daimiel, the A-43 runs parallel to the road shared by the N-420 and N-430 routes, while between Daimiel and Manzanares (where it also connects with the Autovía A-4) it runs parallel to the N-430 alone. Between Manzanares and Atalaya del Cañavate, it runs parallel to the N-310.

In the future, the A-43 will be extended westwards from Ciudad Real to the Autovía A-5 near Mérida, in Extremadura, again running parallel to the N-430.

Villarrobledo
Villarrobledo (Spanish pronunciation: [biʎaroˈβleðo]) is a Spanish city and municipality in the province of Albacete, part of the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha. It's better known for having the world's largest area covered by vineyards (more than 30,000 has., approximately 48,000,000 of vines) as well as the world's greatest production of La Mancha wine, called in Spanish Denominación de Origen. Also, it is an important center of Manchego cheese production and export and has other important industries like metallurgy and transportation.

The city celebrates a number of events, including the Carnival, the ViñaRock Music Festival, the Holy Week and the International Chess Open 'Ciudad de Villarrobledo'.
Jack London (fashion label)
Jack London was an Australian men's fashion label founded in 2008. Part of the Factory X group of brands including Alannah Hill, Gorman and Dangerfield, Jack London had a number of stores across Australia, as well as concession stores in select Myer department stores. Jack London is not named after the American author Jack London, but rather the name comes from the brand's desire to emulate the London designers of the 1960s.

All physical retail stores closed in August 2021, and the brand operated purely online until its closure in September 2025  to facilitate a final liquidation sale.

Myer
Myer (stylised MYER) is an Australian mid-range to upscale department store. It trades in all Australian states and one of Australia's two self-governing territories. Myer retails a broad range of products across women's, men's, and children's clothing, as well as footwear and accessories, cosmetics and fragrance, homewares, electrical, connected home, furniture, toys, books and stationery, food and confectionery, and travel goods.

Myer's primary department store rival is David Jones. The Myer Group also comprises the fashion brands Sass & Bide, Marcs, David Lawrence, Just Jeans, Jay Jays, Jacqui E, Portmans and Dotti.

Australian model, and Miss Universe 2004, Jennifer Hawkins was the long-serving 'face of Myer' for 12 years, until her departure from the role in 2018.
National Museum of the Comoros
11°42′11.5″S 43°15′20.1″E﻿ / ﻿11.703194°S 43.255583°E﻿ / -11.703194; 43.255583

The National Museum of the Comoros (in French: Le musée national des Comores) is a national museum in the capital city of Moroni on the island of Grande Comore in the Comoros, presenting the country's cultural heritage.

The museum was established in 1989 and has four exhibit rooms with collections on:

History, Art, Archeology and Religion

Volcanology and Earth Science

Oceanography and Natural Science

Social and Cultural Anthropology.

The museum is part of the National Center of Documentation and Scientific Research (CNDRS). Two smaller regional museums on the islands of Anjouan and Mohéli are associated with the main museum.

Mohéli
Mohéli [mɔ.e.li], also known as Mwali, is an autonomously-governed island that forms part of the Union of the Comoros. It is the smallest of the three major islands in the country. It is located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa and it is the smallest of the four major Comoro Islands. Its capital and largest city is Fomboni.
Virgil Widrich
Virgil Widrich (born 16 May 1967 in Salzburg) is an Austrian director, screenwriter, filmmaker and multimedia artist.

Widrich works on a large number of films and multimedia projects, which have received a total of 290 film awards. He is known especially for his numerous short films and multimedia works.

University of Applied Arts Vienna
The University of Applied Arts Vienna (German: Universität für angewandte Kunst Wien, or informally just Die Angewandte) is an arts university and institution of higher education in Vienna, the capital of Austria. It has had university status since 1970.