hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edith Tudor-Hart
Edith Tudor-Hart (née Suschitzky; 28 August 1908 – 12 May 1973) was an Austrian-British photographer and spy for the Soviet Union. Brought up in a family of socialists, she trained in photography at Walter Gropius's Bauhaus in Dessau, and carried her political ideals through her art. Through her connections with Arnold Deutsch, Tudor-Hart was instrumental in the recruiting of the Cambridge Spy ring which damaged British intelligence from World War II until the security services discovered all their identities by the mid-1960s. She recommended Litzi Friedmann and Kim Philby for recruitment by the KGB and acted as an intermediary for Anthony Blunt and Bob Stewart when the rezidentura at the Soviet Embassy in London suspended its operations in February 1940.

Walter Gropius
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (German: [ˈvaltɐ ˈadɔlf ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈɡʁoːpiʊs]; 18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German-American architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture. He was a founder of Bauhaus in Weimar and taught there for several years, becoming known as a leading proponent of the International Style. Gropius emigrated from Germany to England in 1934 and from England to the United States in 1937, where he spent much of the rest of his life teaching at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. In the United States he worked on several projects with Marcel Breuer and with the firm The Architects Collaborative, of which he was a founding partner. In 1959, he won the AIA Gold Medal, one of the most prestigious awards in architecture.
Dan Mackinnon
Ewen Daniel Mackinnon CBE (11 February 1903 – 7 June 1983) was an Australian politician. The son of state MLA Donald Mackinnon, he was born in Melbourne and educated at Geelong Grammar School and then attended Oxford University. He returned to Australia as a grazier at Linton before becoming a company director and serving in the military 1938–43. In 1949, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Liberal for Wannon, but he was defeated in 1951. In 1953 he returned to the House as the member for Corangamite, having been elected in the by-election that followed the death of Allan McDonald. In 1966, Mackinnon retired from politics and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).

In February 1967, Mackinnon was appointed Ambassador to Argentina; in 1968, while retaining the Argentinian position, he was also appointed Australia's first Ambassador to Peru and Uruguay. He held these positions until 1970.

Mackinnon died in 1983.

Linton, Victoria
Linton is a town in Victoria, Australia, on the Glenelg Highway. Most of the town is located in Golden Plains Shire; however, a small section is in the Shire of Pyrenees. At the 2016 census, Linton and the surrounding area had a population of 580. The Clarkesdale Bird Sanctuary lies to the south-east of the township, near Springdallah Creek.
Kuyayky
Kuyayky is one of the most popular and newly influential bands in Andean music. The band has contributed to the prominence and revival of huayno music from central Peru. One of the few Andean music bands with a majority of female members. The band now resides in the United States and gained a following from world music fans for its traditional yet innovative style of Peruvian Music.

Kuyayky has struck a chord by rearranging and researching dozens of musical pieces from the precolonial and colonial periods in Latin America, but have retained a clear emphasis on the music of central Peru. They are part of the Xauxa  ayllu of the Bonilla family.

Ayllu
The ayllu, a family clan, is the traditional form of a community in the Andes, especially among Quechuas and Aymaras. They are an indigenous local government model across the Andes region of South America, particularly in Bolivia and Peru.

Ayllus functioned prior to Inca conquest, during the Inca and Spanish colonial period, and continue to exist to the present day – such as the Andean community Ocra. Membership gave individual families more variation and security on the land that they farmed. Ayllus had defined territories and were essentially extended family or kin groups, but could include non-related members. Their primary function was to solve subsistence issues, and issues of how to get along in family, and the larger community. Ayllus descended from stars in the Inca cosmogony, and just like stars had unique celestial locations, each ayllu had a terrestrial location defined by the paqarina, the mythical point of emergence of the lineage huaca.
Richard Dunn (television executive)
Richard Johann Dunn (5 September 1943 – 4 August 1998) was a British television executive who served as the Chief Executive Officer of Thames Television. Having joined Thames in 1978, he became director of production in 1981, before being promoted to chief executive in 1985. Under Dunn's leadership, Thames became a publicly traded company in 1988. Following the loss of Thames' ITV franchise in 1991, he established the company as the largest independent producer in Britain, launching UK Gold and making an unsuccessful bid for the Channel 5 licence. He left Thames in 1995. He died suddenly in 1998 at the age of 54. He was married with three children, and was half-Icelandic.

He won an International Emmy Founders Award in 1993. Following his death, the Richard Dunn Memorial Lecture and Interview at the Edinburgh International TV Festival was established in his honour.

U&Gold
U&Gold is a British premium television channel from the UKTV network that was launched in November 1992 as UK Gold before it was rebranded UKTV Gold in 2004. In 2008, it was split into flagship channel Gold and miscellaneous channel, Watch (later U&W), with classic comedy based programming airing on Gold, non-crime drama and entertainment programming airing on Watch (later U&W), and quiz shows and more high-brow comedy airing on Dave (later U&Dave). In 2024, Gold was rebranded as U&Gold. It shows repeats of classic programming from the BBC, ITV and other broadcasters. Every December, from 2015 until 2018, the channel was temporarily renamed Christmas Gold. This has since been discontinued, although the channel still continues to broadcast Christmas comedy.
Nora Slawik
Nora Bayly Slawik (born November 23, 1962) is a Minnesota politician, previously serving as Chairwoman of the Metropolitan Council, Maplewood Mayor and Minnesota State Representative. From 1997 to 1998 and 2001–2002, she represented District 57A, and from 2003 to 2012, she represented District 55B, which includes portions of Ramsey and Washington counties and the cities of Maplewood and Oakdale in the eastern part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. As Mayor of Maplewood, first elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2018, she oversaw economic redevelopment, increased public safety, and expansion of Maplewood's public outdoor spaces. In 2018, she was appointed by Governor Tim Walz to serve as head of the Metropolitan Council, where she worked until stepping down in November 2019. She also has a history of community service before her time in office, including her development of Juniper as their Project Manager for the Metropolitan Area Agency on Aging from 2016 to 2017.

Century College
Century College is a public community college in White Bear Lake, Minnesota. It is a member of the Minnesota State system. It was founded in 1967 as Lakewood State Junior College and in 1996 merged with Northeast Metro Technical College to become Century College.
Francis Arthur Freeth
Francis Arthur Freeth (2 January 1884 – 15 July 1970) was a British industrial chemist. He spent much of his career at Brunner Mond and its successor Imperial Chemical Industries, as chief chemist, research manager and in a recruiting capacity, with particular knowledge of phase rule chemistry, and developed many processes related to the manufacture of explosives. He made a critical contribution to the British World War I effort by devising new ways to manufacture ammonium nitrate, which was recognised with an honour, and a smaller contribution in World War II for the Special Operations Executive. Freeth created links between Brunner Mond and Dutch chemistry, particularly at the University of Leiden where he met Kammerlingh Onnes and was awarded a doctorate.

Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.
The Grey Magpie
The Grey Magpie (German: Die graue Elster) is a 1920 German silent mystery film directed by Max Obal and starring Ernst Reicher as the detective Stuart Webbs, part of a long-running series featuring the character.

Max Obal
Max Obal (born Max David Gotthelf Sroke; 4 September 1881 – 18 May 1949) was a German actor, singer, screenwriter, and film director. He co-directed the 1927 swashbuckler Rinaldo Rinaldini featuring Hans Albers.
Economy and trade of pre-Islamic Arabia
The economy and trade of pre-Islamic Arabia refers to the land- and sea-trade networks used by the inhabitants of Pre-Islamic Arabia, both inter-regionally (between different regions of Arabia) and internationally.

Famously, the Arabian Peninsula, situated between the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, and the Horn of Africa, is known for its role in the ancient incense trade route, which saw the movement of spices across regions as distant as India to Europe. Commodities transported through these routes included myrrh from modern-day Yemen and frankincense from Oman.

The documentation of trade in the region goes back to the 3rd millennium BC, where Dilmun, a civilization covering most of Eastern Arabia, was known in Mesopotamian traders as a legendary source of wealth and goods in the Bronze Age. South Arabia was also a major center of trade. The transition from pre-Islamic to Islamic times shifted the locus of trade to the Hejaz, the birthplace of Islam.

Frankincense
Frankincense, also known as olibanum (/oʊˈlɪbənəm/), is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfume, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. The word is from Old French franc encens ('high-quality incense'). There are several species of Boswellia that produce  frankincense, including, but not limited to, Boswellia sacra (syn. B. bhaw-dajiana, syn. B. carteri), B. frereana, B. serrata (B. thurifera), and B. papyrifera. Resin from each is available in various grades which is affected by the time in which it is harvested. The resin is hand-sorted for quality.
Tingmo
Tingmo (Standard Tibetan: ཀྲིན་མོག) is a steamed bread in Tibetan cuisine. It is sometimes described as a steamed bun that is similar to Chinese flower rolls, with a soft and fluffy texture. It does not contain any kind of filling. A tingmo with some type of filling, like beef or chicken, is called a momo. Tingmo are often paired with vegetable dishes, meat dishes, dal dishes, and phing sha (a dish consisting of cellophane noodles, meat, and wood ear mushrooms). It is speculated that the name "tingmo" is a contraction of "tinga" ("cloud" in the Tibetan language) and "momo" ("dumpling" in the Tibetan language).

Glass noodles
Glass noodles, or fensi (traditional Chinese: 粉絲; simplified Chinese: 粉丝; pinyin: fěnsī; lit. 'flour thread'), sometimes called cellophane noodles, are a type of transparent noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca, or canna starch) and water. They originated in China. A stabilizer such as chitosan or alum (illegal in some jurisdictions) may also be used.

They are generally sold in dried form, soaked to reconstitute, then used in soups, stir-fried dishes, or spring rolls. They are called "glass noodles" because of their glass-like transparency when cooked.
Glass noodles are not the same as rice vermicelli, which is made from rice and white in color rather than clear (after cooking in water).
Brloška Dubrava
Brloška Dubrava is a village in Otočac municipality in Lika-Senj County, Croatia with zip code area 53226.Brloška Dubrava . The village is settled on geographic Latitude: 44°55'53.04" and Longitude: 15°11'2.04". It has a population of 38 (as of 31 August 2021). The most known place in this area is Pećina Krču.

Lika-Senj County
Lika-Senj County (Croatian pronunciation: [lǐːka sɛ̂ːɲ], Croatian: Ličko-senjska županija) is a county in Croatia that includes most of the Lika region and some northern coastline of the Adriatic near the town of Senj, including the northern part of the Pag island. Its center is Gospić.

The county is the least populated (42.469 in 2022) and among the least prosperous ones, though it is the largest county in the country by area and includes the Plitvice Lakes National Park and Sjeverni (North) Velebit National Park, some of Croatia's major tourist attractions.
Vishesh Bansal
Vishesh Bansal (born 3 October 2004) is an Indian actor. He was brought up in Mumbai, India. He is known for portraying Child Karn in Suryaputra Karn and Harshal Gupta in Yeh Meri Family and in crime thriller TV series Asur.

Asur (TV series)
Asur (pronounced [ə.sʊɾ] transl. Demon) is an Indian Hindi-language psychological crime thriller streaming television series. The first season was produced by Tanveer Bookwala and aired on Voot while the second season, produced by Bombay Fables, Sejal Shah, Bhavesh Mandalia, and Gaurav Shukla aired on JioCinema. The first season premiered on 2 March 2020 and the second season on 1 June 2023.

The series is about a team of forensic experts who must catch a serial killer who considers himself the incarnation of the asura Kali. Arshad Warsi and Barun Sobti star, alongside Anupriya Goenka, Riddhi Dogra, and Amey Wagh. Sharib Hashmi had a starring role in the first season, while Meiyang Chang and Abhishek Chauhan joined the main cast in the second season.
Brian Davies (rugby union)
David Brian Davies (7 July 1941 — 27 September 2020) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

Davies was born in Weston-super-Mare and grew up in Leeds, where his father Idwal (a dual-code international) was playing rugby league for Leeds RLFC. He completed his schooling at Llanelli Grammar, winning Wales Secondary Schools representative honours in both 1959 and 1960. His early rugby was played with Llanelli and Cardiff.

A centre, Davies was capped three times by Wales, debuting in a draw against Ireland at Lansdowne Road during the 1962 Five Nations Championship. He made two appearances in the 1963 Five Nations.

Davies spent 30 years lecturing in civil engineering at the University of Glamorgan.

University of Glamorgan
The University of Glamorgan (Welsh: Prifysgol Morgannwg) was a public university based in South Wales, that merged with University of Wales, Newport to form the University of South Wales in April 2013. The university was based in Pontypridd, in Rhondda Cynon Taf, with campuses in Trefforest, Glyntaff, Merthyr Tydfil, Tyn y Wern (The Glamorgan Sport Park) and Cardiff. The university had four faculties and was the only university in Wales which had no link with the University of Wales.

The university was founded in 1913 as the South Wales and Monmouthshire School of Mines, serving the large coal mining industry in the South Wales Valleys.
Autosticha modicella
Autosticha modicella is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Hugo Theodor Christoph in 1882. It is found in the Russian Far East (Ussuri), Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Taiwan and China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan).

Hugo Theodor Christoph
Hugo Theodor Christoph (16 April 1831 – 5 November 1894) was a German and Russian entomologist.

Born in Herrnhut in Saxony, Hugo Theodor Christoph moved to Russia in 1858. He became a member of the Russian Entomological Society in 1861. From 1880, he was curator of the Lepidoptera collection of Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia.

His own collection was sold to Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham, a member of the Royal Entomological Society, and it is now in the Natural History Museum in London.
Errin Ewerts
Errin Ewerts (born 25 May 1988) is a South African cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler who played for South Western Districts. He was born in Oudtshoorn.

Ewerts made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the SAA Three-Day Challenge competition of 2006–07, against Boland. He scored 22 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 3 runs in the second.

Ewerts bowled 5 overs during the match, securing figures of 0-32.

In 2010 Ewerts captained the SWD Academy and represented South African Under 17 team while being a scholar at Oudtshoorn High School.

In 2011 he joined SWD which he had a one-day appearance in Rustenburg, South Africa.

In 2015 he participated in a game against the Northerns and in 2016 became team's captain.

South Western Districts cricket team
South Western Districts, known as SW Districts or SWD, is a South African first class cricket team based in the Western Cape city of Oudtshoorn, representing approximately the eastern half of Western Cape province. They form part of the Cape Cobras franchise, and play their home games at the Oudtshoorn Recreation Ground.
1930 Australian Championships – Women's doubles
Third-seeded Emily Hood and Mall Molesworth defeated the second seeds Marjorie Cox and Sylvia Harper 6–3, 0–6, 7–5 in the final, to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1930 Australian Championships.

Margaret Molesworth
Maud Margaret "Mall" Molesworth BEM (née Mutch; 18 October 1894 – 9 July 1985) was an Australian tennis player who won the inaugural Australasian Championships women's singles title in 1922 and successfully defended her title in 1923.
Hilltown, County Down
Hilltown is a small village within the townland of Carcullion in County Down, Northern Ireland. Hilltown is the main village of the parish of Clonduff which contains the village and the rural areas around it at one end, and the rural enclave of Cabra at the other end of the parish. It had a population of 899 people in the 2001 census. On 27 March 2011, the usually resident population of Hilltown was 1,709.

Newry
Newry (/ˈnjʊəri/; from Irish An Iúraigh) is a city in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye River in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.

Newry was founded in 1144 as a settlement around a Cistercian abbey. In the 16th century the English dissolved the abbey and built Bagenal's Castle on the site. Newry grew as a market town and a garrison, and became a port in 1742 when the Newry Canal was opened, the first summit-level canal in Ireland. A cathedral city, it is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore. In 2002, as part of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Newry was granted city status along with Lisburn.
Hymenotomy
A hymenotomy is a medical procedure involving the surgical removal or opening of the hymen. It is often performed on patients with an imperforate or septate hymen, or other situations where the hymen is unusually thick or rigid such as microperforate hymen.  In the case of a female with a hymen without any opening, an opening may be created to facilitate menstruation.  In situations where the opening is extremely small or the band(s) of a septate hymen limit access to the vaginal opening, the woman may elect for hymenotomy to allow for comfortable sexual penetration of her vagina, or to relieve pain or discomfort that occurs when inserting/removing tampons. Sexual intercourse would not normally be adversely affected by a hymenotomy.

Medical procedure
A medical procedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the delivery of healthcare.

A medical procedure with the intention of determining, measuring, or diagnosing a patient condition or parameter is also called a medical test. Other common kinds of procedures are therapeutic (i.e., intended to treat, cure, or restore function or structure), such as surgical and physical rehabilitation procedures.
Jungjong coup
In 1506, the 12th year of King Yeonsan, a group of officials – notably Pak Wŏnjong, Sŏng Hŭian, Yu Sunjŏng and Hong Kyŏngju plotted against the despotic ruler. They launched a coup on September 2, 1506, deposing the king and replacing him with his half-brother, Grand Prince Jinseong. The king was demoted to prince, and exiled to Ganghwa Island, where he died a few weeks later.  Consort Jang Nok-su, who was regarded as a 'femme fatale'  who had encouraged Yeonsangun's misrule, was beheaded. Yeonsangun's young sons were also killed.

Jungjong of Joseon
Jungjong (Korean: 중종; Hanja: 中宗; 25 April 1488 – 9 December 1544), personal name Yi Yeok (이역; 李懌), firstly titled Grand Prince Jinseong (진성대군; 晉城大君), was the 11th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded to the throne after the deposition of his elder half-brother, the tyrannical Yeonsangun.
Ω-logic
In set theory, Ω-logic is an infinitary logic and deductive system proposed by W. Hugh Woodin (1999) as part of an attempt to generalize the theory of determinacy of pointclasses to cover the structure . Just as the axiom of projective determinacy yields a canonical theory of , he sought to find axioms that would give a canonical theory for the larger structure. The theory he developed involves a controversial argument that the continuum hypothesis is false.

Formal system
A formal system (or deductive system) is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms.

In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics.
However, in 1931 Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent formal system sufficiently powerful to express basic arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated.

The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal system, but it also refers to a given style of notation, for example, Paul Dirac's bra–ket notation.
Lower Kohistan District
Lower Kohistan District (Urdu: ضلع کوہستان زیریں) is a district in the Hazara Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Pattan is the district headquarters of Lower Kohistan. Kohistani people form majority in the district.

Districts of Pakistan
The districts of Pakistan (Urdu: اِضلاعِ پاكِستان) are the third-level administrative divisions of Pakistan, below provinces and divisions, but forming the first-tier of local government. In total, there are 145 districts in Pakistan. excluding Islamabad Capital Territory. These districts are further divided into tehsils and union councils.
Mahmoud Yavari
Mahmoud Yavari (Persian: محمود یاوری,  11 October 1939 – 10 November 2020) was an Iranian football coach and player. He was head coach of the Iran national football team for a short period of time in 1984. He had coached many teams like Zob Ahan, Sepahan, Shahin Bushehr, Tractor, Pas Tehran, Pas Hamedan, Rah Ahan and Fajr Sepasi. He was one of the oldest and most experienced head coaches in Iranian football history.

Shahin Bushehr F.C.
Shahin Lian Shahrdari Bushehr Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال شاهین شهرداری بوشهر, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Shahin Shiherdari-ye Bushiher) is an Iranian football club based in Bushehr, Iran. They are one of the most historical football clubs in Iran and hold home games at Shahid Mahdavi Stadium.