hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slobodan Backović
Slobodan Backović (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Бацковић; born September 3, 1946 in Nikšić, Montenegro) is a Montenegrin politician and nuclear physicist. He is a member of the Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. A former Minister of Education and Science in the government of Montenegro as a member of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, Backović is well known for a controversial decision to rename the elementary and secondary education subject "Serbian Language" to "First Language".

In 2008, Backović was appointed to as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Montenegro to the Russian Federation, and he presented his credentials to Vladimir Titov, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation on 5 June 2008. and to President Dmitry Medvedev on September 18, 2008.

Nikšić
Nikšić (Cyrillic: Никшић, pronounced [nîkʃit͡ɕ]), is Montenegro's second-largest city, with an urban population of 66,700 as of the 2023 census. It lies in the western region of the country, at the heart of the expansive Nikšić field, nestled at the base of Trebjesa Hill.

Nikšić serves as the administrative center of the Nikšić Municipality, which encompasses a population of 65,705 and spans the largest area among all Montenegrin municipalities. By territory, it was also the largest municipality in the former Yugoslavia. The city plays a key role as a hub for industry, education, and culture in the country.
Bruce Robison
Bruce Ben Robison (born June 11, 1966) is an American Texas country music singer-songwriter.  Bruce and his brother, fellow singer-songwriter Charlie Robison, grew up in Bandera, Texas, near San Antonio.  His self-titled debut album was released in 1995.

Robison has written several songs which have become hits when covered by well-known singers, including: "Travelin' Soldier," (recorded in 2003 by the Dixie Chicks, reached No. 1 on the Country charts); "Angry All the Time," (recorded by Tim McGraw and Faith Hill in 2001, also reached No. 1 on the country charts); and "Wrapped" (recorded in 2006 by George Strait, reached No. 2 in 2007). Bruce runs The Next Waltz, a record label by artists for artists.

Bandera, Texas
Bandera (Spanish: "flag", /bænˈdɛrə/ ban-DERR-ə) is a city in Bandera County, Texas, United States.  It was founded by Polish Catholic settlers from Silesia in the 1850's.The county seat, it lies in the Texas Hill Country, a part of the Edwards Plateau located at the crossroads of the central, southern, and western parts of the state, Its population was 829 at the 2020 census.

Bandera calls itself the "Cowboy Capital of the World", a legacy dating to its days as a staging area for what is today known as Great Western Cattle Trail for the last cattle drives of the 1800s.
Stefan Burr
Stefan Andrus Burr (born 1940) is a mathematician and computer scientist, specializing in graph theory and number theory, particularly Ramsey theory. He is a retired professor of Computer Science at The City College of New York.

Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
The Transactions of the American Mathematical Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of pure and applied mathematics published by the American Mathematical Society. It was established in 1900. As a requirement, all articles must be more than 15 printed pages. Its ISSN number is 0002-9947.
Howe Caverns
Howe Caverns is a limestone solutional cave, operated as a show cave, in the hamlet of Howes Cave, Schoharie County, New York. Howe Caverns is a popular tourist attraction, providing visitors with a sense of caving or spelunking, without needing the advanced equipment and training usually associated with such adventures.

Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.
Thomas Kennedy Dalziel
Thomas Kennedy Dalziel, known as T Kennedy Dalziel FFPS (1861 – 10 February 1924), was a Scottish surgeon and pathologist who specialised particularly in abdominal surgery. Dalziel was most notable for being considered the best technical surgeon at the time in western Scotland. He was also particularly notable for the discovery of a disease called chronic interstitial enteritis in 1913, that later became known as Crohn's disease.

Abdominal surgery
The term abdominal surgery broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen (laparotomy).  Surgery of each abdominal organ is dealt with separately in connection with the description of that organ (see stomach, kidney, liver, etc.) Diseases affecting the abdominal cavity are dealt with generally under their own names.
Luigerahu
Luigerahu is a small, moraine-based Baltic Sea island that belongs to the country of Estonia.

Luigerahu covers approximately 0.2 hectares and lies half a kilometer off the western coast of the island of Ahelaid. The island is administered by Hiiu County, and along with a number of other islands, makes up the Hiiumaa Islets Landscape Reserve (Estonian: Hiiumaa laidude maastikukaitseala).

Hiiu County
Hiiu County (Estonian: Hiiu maakond or Hiiumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia, being the smallest county both in terms of area and population. It consists of Hiiumaa (German and Swedish: Dagö), the second-largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it. The county borders Lääne County to the east and Saare County to the south.
Kelly Willie
Kelly Jeromy Willie (born September 7, 1982) is an American former track and field athlete who specialized in the 400-meter dash.

Born and raised in Houston, Texas, he attended Sterling High School and competed in track while there. Willie attended Louisiana State University and ran for their LSU Tigers team, being a three-time NCAA champion in the relay and the 400 m runner-up in 2004. He ran for the American 4 × 400-meter relay team at the 2004 Olympics,

With strong American 400 metre runners like Andrew Rock, Derrick Brew, Darold Williamson and Wariner (who constituted the gold-winning relay team at the 2005 World Championships), and even LaShawn Merritt, Jamel Ashley and Terry Gatson, Willie has faced extremely tough competition in terms of qualifying for major international events where only three participants from each state are allowed.

LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers
The LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers (also known as the Fighting Tigers) are the athletic teams representing Louisiana State University (LSU), a state university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. LSU competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Inoculation needle
An inoculation needle is a laboratory equipment used in the field of microbiology to transfer and inoculate living microorganisms. It is one of the most commonly implicated biological laboratory tools and can be disposable or re-usable. A standard reusable inoculation needle is made from nichrome or platinum wire affixed to a metallic handle. A disposable inoculation needle is often made from plastic resin. The base of the needle is dulled, resulting in a blunted end.

Laboratory
A laboratory (UK: /ləˈbɒrətəri/; US: /ˈlæbrətɔːri/; colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Laboratories are found in a variety of settings such as schools, universities, privately owned research institutions, corporate research and testing facilities, government regulatory and forensic investigation centers,  physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, regional and national referral centers, and even occasionally personal residences.
Carlo Gagiano
Lieutenant-General Carlo Gagiano PG SM MMM (born 26 March 1951, Bonnievale, Western Cape) is a retired South African military officer and former Chief of the South African Air Force.  He joined the South African Air Force in 1968, and served in the Border War in South West Africa in the 1980s.

Air Force Base Waterkloof
Air Force Base Waterkloof {AFB Wklf} is an airbase of the South African Air Force. It is situated on the outskirts of Pretoria, and is the SAAF's busiest airbase. The base's name means "water ravine" in Afrikaans and in Dutch. Despite the name, this base is not located in the suburban town of Waterkloof, Pretoria, but lies to the south of Pretoria, 4.34 nmi (8.04 km) to the northeast of Centurion, Gauteng and 3.37 nmi (6.24 km) from AFB Swartkop, at an elevation of 1506 metres (4940 ft).

The base motto is Acquirit Qui Tuetur (He Obtains Who Defends).
Trinidad (given name)
Trinidad is a given name of Spanish origin that is often given in reference to the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, or one God in three persons. It is currently among the most popular names for girls in Chile.

Trinidad Cardona (born 1999), American singer and songwriter

Trinidad de Leon-Roxas (1899–1995), 5th First Lady of the Philippines

Trinidad James (born 1987), Trinidad-born American rapper

Trinidad Legarda (1899–1998), Filipina suffragist, clubwoman, philanthropist, and editor

Trinidad López III (1937–2020), American singer and guitarist

Trinidad María Enríquez (1846–1891), Peruvian teacher and student

Trinidad Morales Vargas (born 1957), Mexican politician

Trinidad Núñez Quiñones (born 1948), artisan, artist, researcher and teacher

Trinidad Olga Ramos Sanguino (1918–2005), Spanish cupletista, violinist, and actress

Trinidad "Trina" Padilla de Sanz (1894–1957), Puerto Rican, writer, poet, storyteller

Trinidad María Enríquez
Trinidad María Enríquez (5 June 1846 – 20 April 1891) was a Peruvian teacher and student. After completing the only education available to her, she founded a school to teach other girls and complete the necessary requirements to enter university. Appealing to the president, she was granted the right to attend if an examination proved she was adequately prepared. Passing her review, 
Enríquez completed courses at the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco, becoming the first Peruvian woman to earn a university degree in 1878. Though she graduated, she was denied a license to practice law and fought her case through the legislature and court systems until her death in 1891.
Dichomeris leuconotella
Dichomeris leuconotella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by August Busck in 1904. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Nova Scotia to Maryland, southern Canada, Washington, Colorado, Iowa and Indiana. The habitat consists of open fields.

The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are dark purplish brown and shining. At the end of the cell is a conspicuous canary yellow, somewhat elongated, spot, and at apical third is a hardly visible triangular light-brown costal spot. The hindwings are dark fuscous. Adults are on wing from June to September.

The larvae feed on Solidago uliginosa, Helianthus grosseserratus and Aster species.

August Busck
Augustus Busck (February 18, 1870 in Randers, Denmark – March 7, 1944) was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology, stationed in the U.S. National Museum. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
2008 Tour Down Under
The 2008 Tour Down Under was the 10th edition of the Tour Down Under road cycling stage race, taking place from 22 to 27 January in and around Adelaide, South Australia. The Tour Down Under was the first race outside of Europe to be given ProTour status by the UCI.

The race was preceded by an opening race called Down Under Classic, not part of the UCI ProTour competition. It was won by German André Greipel of Team High Road.

HTC–Highroad
HTC–Highroad (UCI team code: THR) was a former professional cycling team competing in international road bicycle races. Their last title sponsor was HTC Corporation, a Taiwanese manufacturer of smartphones but dissolved at the end of the 2011 season from a failure to find a new sponsor. High Road Sports was the management company of team manager Bob Stapleton. Past title sponsors include Columbia Sportswear and Deutsche Telekom.

The team was founded in 1991 as Team Telekom, sponsored by Deutsche Telekom. In 2004 their name changed to the T-Mobile Team. The team was under the management of Bob Stapleton and Rolf Aldag. Former leaders included Olaf Ludwig, Walter Godefroot and Eddy Vandenhecke (managers), Luuc Eisenga (spokesperson) and Brian Holm, Valerio Piva (sports directors).
Tai Ya language
Tai Ya (Chinese: 傣雅语), also known as Tai Cung, Tai Chung and Dai Ya, is a Southwestern Tai language of southern China. It has one dialect, Tai Hongjin (Chinese: 红金傣语); Red Tai.

Speakers of Tai Hongjin live in the Red River (红河 or 元江) and Jinsha River (金沙江) watershed regions of south-central Yunnan. Most are Buddhists, but few are Theravada. It is also spoken by around 5,000–6,000 people in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand.

Unlike other more widely studied Dai languages, Tai Ya has no traditional orthography, though it has a rich oral tradition. Papers have noted that this lack of orthography may endanger the survival of Tai Ya in future generations in Thailand, as the Tai Ya people shift towards the use of Northern Thai and Central Thai, due to the lack of literature in Tai Ya. However, it has been attested that language vitality as a whole (including the majority speakers in Yunnan Province) is high and "likely to be spoken by future generations".

Chiang Rai province
Chiang Rai (Thai: เชียงราย, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rāːj]; Northern Thai: ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ, pronounced [tɕīaŋ hāːj])  is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces that lies in upper northern Thailand and is Thailand's northernmost province. It is bordered by the Shan State of Myanmar to the north, Bokeo province of Laos to the east, Phayao to the south, Lampang to the southwest, and Chiang Mai to the west. The province is linked to Houayxay, Laos by the Fourth Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge that spans the Mekong.
Buttrio
Buttrio (Friulian: Buri) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, with a population of 3,924 people, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of Udine.

Buttrio borders the following municipalities: Manzano, Pavia di Udine, Pradamano, Premariacco.

Friulian language
Friulian (/friˈuːliən/ free-OO-lee-ən) or Friulan (endonym: furlan [fuɾˈlaŋ] ⓘ; Italian: friulano; Austrian German: Furlanisch; Slovene: furlanščina) is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance family.  Friulian is spoken in the historical region of Friuli (nowadays 90% of Friuli-Venezia Giulia region and a little part of Veneto region) in the northeastern part of Italy and has around 600,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak Italian. It is sometimes called Eastern Ladin since it shares the same roots as Ladin, but over the centuries, it has diverged under the influence of surrounding languages, including German, Italian, Venetian, and Slovene. Documents in Friulian are attested from the 11th century and poetry and literature date as far back as 1300. By the 20th century, there was a revival of interest in the language.
Wiślica County
Wiślica County (Polish: Powiat wiślicki) was an administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Poland and later Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It is unknown when it was established, probably some time in the 15th century, based on a medieval castellany. It was located in the central part of the Sandomierz Voivodeship, with the capital in the historic town of Wiślica. The county ceased to exist in 1795, when after the Third Partition of Poland, it was annexed by Austrian Empire.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the area of Wislica County was 2,429 km2, with thirteen towns. Major administrative center of the county was Wislica, whose population in late 16th century was 2,000. Szydlow, the second largest town, had a population of 1,500, while Pinczow and Nowy Korczyn, had a population of 1,200. Other main towns were Opatowiec Busko, Pacanow and Stopnica.

Pacanów
Pacanów [paˈt͡sanuf], sometimes referred to as the European Capital of Fable, is a town in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in southern Poland. It is the seat of Gmina Pacanów. It had a population of 1137 in 2003. In modern times the town is partly noted for its connection to the fictional character Koziołek Matołek. It lies in historic Lesser Poland, approximately 25 km (16 mi) east of Busko-Zdrój and 62 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
David Houston (zoologist)
David Houston is a British zoologist.

Houston demonstrated sex allocation in lesser black-backed gulls in a practical study with Pat Monaghan in 1999.

His research interests include ecology of vultures, egg production and digestive efficiency.

Lesser black-backed gull
The lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic and Arctic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. However, it has increased dramatically in North America, especially along the east coast. Formerly just a winter visitor to North America, it now occurs in large numbers some winters and birds are recorded year-round. However, there is serious concern about decline in many parts of its range. The species is on the UK Amber List because the UK is home to 40 per cent of the European population and more than half of these are found at fewer than ten breeding sites.
William C. McBrien
William Carson McBrien (12 January 1889 – 18 June 1954) was a Canadian business owner and civic administrator. He was a long-serving chairman of the Toronto Transportation Commission and oversaw the construction of Canada's first underground rapid transit subway system in Toronto, Ontario.

Toronto Transportation Commission
The Toronto Transportation Commission (TTC) was the public transit operator in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, beginning in 1921. It operated buses, streetcars and the island ferries. The system was renamed the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) in 1954.
The Flame Within
The Flame Within is Stream of Passion's second studio album, released on 27 May 2009 by Napalm Records. It is the follow-up to their debut album, Embrace the Storm.

It is the first album with guitarists Eric Hazebroek and Stephan Schultz and keyboardist Jeffrey Revet, who are replacing three members who departed in 2007, including Stream of Passion's founder and original composer Arjen Anthony Lucassen, who left as he was planning since its creation. It is also the last album with Davy Mickers on drums.

Napalm Records
Napalm Records is an Austrian independent record label focused on heavy metal, hard rock and folk/folk rock/folk metal. Originally, Napalm focused on black metal bands, such as Abigor and Summoning, and folk metal bands, such as Falkenbach and Vintersorg. The label later expanded its roster by adding gothic metal, symphonic metal, power metal, doom metal, metalcore and nu metal bands, as well as stoner rock acts Monster Magnet, Karma to Burn and Brant Bjork, thrash metal bands Exodus, Destruction and Flotsam and Jetsam, and even folk bands like Ye Banished Privateers. Napalm has its own publishing house named Iron Avantgarde Publishing.

In November 2020, Napalm acquired the German record label SPV GmbH.
Lung cancer vaccine
A lung cancer vaccine is a cancer vaccine for lung cancer.

Lung cancer vaccine may specifically refer to:

CimaVax-EGF, the first therapeutic cancer vaccine developed to target lung cancer

Stimuvax, which had promising results from a phase IIB trial for inoperable lung cancer

CimaVax-EGF
CimaVax-EGF is a vaccine used to treat cancer, specifically non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).  CIMAvax-EGF is composed of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) conjugated to a protein carrier.

The vaccine was developed by the Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba, and made available to the Cuban population in 2011. There are agreements in place to test it in the United States, Japan, and some European countries. It is currently available in Cuba, Belarus, Colombia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Peru and Paraguay. In October 2015 Serbia's Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera (AKA Torlak Institute) signed a memorandum for use in 30 patients as part of a study. CimaVax is relatively cheap to produce and store, and has low toxicity. It costs approximately USD $1 per shot to manufacture.: 144  Side effects of the vaccine appear to be mild, and include chills, fever, and feeling sick.
Brett Lyndall Singh
Brett Lyndall Singh (born 29 March 1993) is a South African medical doctor and healthcare entrepreneur. He is the Chairperson of the South African National Department of Trade, Industry and Competition's national Healthcare Products Masterplan Global Value Chain Working Group. He is also CEO of Alpha and Omega MedTech and its subsidiaries as well as executive director of Opulent Entertainment Group.

Department of Trade, Industry and Competition
The Department of Trade, Industry and Competition (DTIC)  has a mandate to develop the South African economy. They envision a  dynamic, industrial and globally competitive economy, that is inclusive, offers decent employment and equity. Previously known as the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti) this department, within the South African government, is responsible for commercial policy and industrial policy. The dtic and its subsidiary agencies are involved in promoting economic development, Black Economic Empowerment, implementing commercial law (including companies law and intellectual property law), promoting and regulating international trade, and consumer protection.

The political head of the department is the Minister of Trade and Industry, who is assisted by a Deputy Minister. As of 2023, the minister is Ebrahim Patel and the deputy ministers are Nomalungelo Gina and Fikile Majola. The executive head of the department is the Director-General of Trade and Industry.
Delissea subcordata
Delissea subcordata is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae known by the common names Koʻolau Range delissea and oha. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Oahu. It is now only found in the Waianae Mountains, and it is believed to be extirpated from the Koʻolau Range, where it once occurred. As of 2008 there were 40 individuals remaining, 28 of which were mature plants. This plant was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States in 1996.

This Hawaiian lobelioid is a shrub which grows up to 3 meters tall and bears white or greenish flowers. It grows in moist forest habitat. Other plants in the forests include ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) and koa (Acacia koa), which dominate the canopy, and Ēlama (Diospyros hillebrandii), papala kepau (Pisonia spp.), and ʻĀlaʻa (Planchonella sandwicensis) in the understory.

Threats to this rare species and its ecosystem include feral goats and pigs.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.