hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Ridgway Award
The ABA Robert Ridgway Award for Publications in Field Ornithology is an award given by the American Birding Association to an individual who has made significant contributions to the field ornithology literature in the areas of North American bird distribution and field identification. The award may honor a writer or an artist.

One of five awards presented by the ABA for contributions to ornithology, the award is named in honor of Robert Ridgway, initiator of a monumental work of bird systematics, as well as one of the first color nomenclature systems for bird identification.

The award was first bestowed on Harold Mayfield.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Ny Bakkegård
Ny Bakkegård (lit. "New Hill House") is a Neoclassical country house located at Rahbeks Allé in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The current house was built by later prime minister Carl Christian Hall in 1840. It was originally surrounded by open countryside but has now been enclosed by a perimeter block. A statue of Hall is located in Søndermarken on the other side of Pile Allé.

Søndermarken
Søndermarken (lit. "The Southern Field") is a park in Frederiksberg on the border to Valby and the Carlsberg area in Copenhagen, Denmark. It shares much of its history with Frederiksberg Gardens from which it is separated only by Roskildevej. Cisternerne—an underground venue for art exhibitions in the former cisterns—are located inside the park.
Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort
Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort (16 October 1744 – 11 October 1803) was an English courtier and politician. He was styled the Marquess of Worcester from 1745 until 1756, when he succeeded his father as 5th Duke of Beaufort, 7th Marquess of Worcester, 11th Earl of Worcester, and 13th Baron Herbert.

William Courtenay, 2nd Viscount Courtenay
William Courtenay, 2nd Viscount Courtenay (30 October 1742 – 14 October 1788) was an English peer who was the eldest son of William Courtenay, 1st Viscount Courtenay and Lady Frances Finch.

He succeeded to the title of 4th Baronet Courtenay, 2nd Viscount Courtenay of Powderham Castle and 8th Earl of Devon (Created c.1553) on 16 May 1762 upon the death of his father.
Ellarum Innattu Mannar
Ellarum Innattu Mannar (transl. All are rulers of this nation) is a 1960 Indian Tamil language film directed by T. Prakash Rao. The film stars Gemini Ganesan and B. Saroja Devi, with M. N. Nambiar, M. N. Rajam and K. A. Thangavelu in supporting roles.

M. N. Nambiar
Mannjheri Narayanan Nambiar (7 March 1919 – 19 November 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema, renowned for his portrayals of villainous characters. With a career spanning over eight decades, he became a notable figure in the industry. Nambiar also appeared in a few Malayalam, Telugu, English and Hindi films during his career.

He appeared in many MGR  movies as a villain. Some of the famous ones include Enga Veettu Pillai, Aayirathil Oruvan, Nadodi Mannan, Naalai Namadhe, Padagotti, Thirudathe, En Annan, Kaavalkaaran and Kudiyirundha Koyil.
Violin Concerto (Beethoven)
The Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61, was written by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1806. Its first performance by Franz Clement was unsuccessful and for some decades the work languished in obscurity, until revived in 1844 by the then 12-year-old violinist Joseph Joachim with the orchestra of the London Philharmonic Society conducted by Felix Mendelssohn. Joachim would later claim it to be the "greatest" German violin concerto. Since then it has become one of the best-known and regularly performed violin concertos.

Airat Ichmouratov
Airat Rafailovich Ichmouratov (Russian: Айрат Рафаилович Ишмуратов, Tatar Cyrillic:  Айрат Рафаил улы Ишмурат, born 28 June 1973) is a Volga Tatar born Russian and Canadian composer, conductor and klezmer clarinetist. He is a founding member and clarinetist of award-winning Montreal-based klezmer group Kleztory and invited professor at Laval University in Quebec, Canada.
1986 Grand Prix d'Automne
The 1986 Grand Prix d'Automne was the 80th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 12 October 1986. The race started in Créteil and finished in Chaville. The race was won by Phil Anderson.

Créteil
Créteil (French pronunciation: [kʁetɛj] ⓘ) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. It is located 11.7 km (7.3 mi) from the centre of Paris. Créteil is the préfecture (capital) of the Val-de-Marne department as well as the seat of the Arrondissement of Créteil. The city is also the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese, and of one of France's 30 nationwide académies (districts) of the Ministry of National Education.
Den Hoorn
Den Hoorn can refer to:

Den Hoorn, South Holland, a town in the municipality Midden-Delfland in the province South Holland in the Netherlands.

Den Hoorn, North Holland, a town on the island Texel in the province North Holland in the Netherlands.

Wehe-den Hoorn, a merger of the village Wehe and Den Hoorn.

Den Hoorn or Sint-Rita, a village in Damme municipality, Belgium.

a former village in South Holland; now part of Zoetermeer.

Den Hoorn, South Holland
Den Hoorn is a village in the southwest of the Netherlands, near the city Delft. On 1 January 2017, population counted 8041 people.

There are three primary schools in Den Hoorn. Every August they have the Varend Corso (translated: Floating Corso).
Bishop Hedley High School
Bishop Hedley High School is a Roman Catholic secondary school, established in 1967, and located in Penydarren, Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales. The vast majority of the pupils of the school stem from the Heads of the Valleys, serving parishes from Aberdare, Hirwaun, Merthyr Tydfil, Merthyr Vale, Gurnos, Dowlais, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar and Rhymney. The school serves a catchment area of economic disadvantage which is a result of the decline of heavy industry, especially mining and steelmaking in the South Wales Valleys and the surrounding areas.

Bishop Hedley is a member of the Eco-Schools. As a school, it has gained a bronze, silver and a first green flag.

Ebbw Vale Steelworks
Ebbw Vale Steelworks was an integrated steel mill located in Ebbw Vale, South Wales. Developed from 1790, by the late 1930s it had become the largest steel mill in Europe. It was nationalised after World War II. As the steel industry changed to bulk handling, iron and steel making was ceased in the 1970s, and the site was redeveloped as a specialised tinplate works. It was closed by Corus in 2002, but is being redeveloped in a joint partnership between Blaenau Gwent Council and the Welsh Government.
24th Alberta Legislature
The 24th Alberta Legislative Assembly was in session from April 14, 1997, to February 12, 2001, with the membership of the assembly determined by the results of the 1997 Alberta general election held on March 11, 1997. The Legislature officially resumed on April 14, 1997, and continued until the fifth session was prorogued and dissolved on February 12, 2001, prior to the 2001 Alberta general election on March 12, 2001.

Alberta's twenty-fourth government was controlled by the majority Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta, led by Premier Ralph Klein. The Official Opposition was led by Howard Sapers of the Liberal Party.  The Speaker was Ken Kowalski.

Ken Kowalski
Kenneth Reginald Kowalski ECA (born September 27, 1945) is a politician and former teacher from Alberta, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, where he served from 1979 to 2012, sitting with the governing Progressive Conservative caucus under five different Premiers.

Kowalski was the Speaker of the Assembly, and was first appointed to the Executive Council of Alberta by Premier Don Getty in 1986.  He held five different cabinet portfolios, including that of Deputy Premier from 1992 to 1994.
American television series with Asian leads
American television series with Asian leads/co-leads means a scripted American television series that features an actor of Asian ancestry as the series' leading actor portraying the series' protagonist or a main character. One of the earliest examples dates back to 1951 with Anna May Wong, a classic Hollywood-era movie star, with her TV show The Gallery of Madame Liu-Tsong. Typically, the characters portrayed are Asian American, although the actor or actress may sometimes be Canadian, British, or Australian.

The Gallery of Madame Liu-Tsong
The Gallery of Madame Liu-Tsong is an American television adventure series that aired on the DuMont Television Network from August 27, 1951, to November 21, 1951. The title was changed to Mme. Lui-Song beginning October 10, 1951.
Sakunthala (1966 film)
Sakunthala is a 1966 Telugu-language Hindu mythological film directed by Kamalakara Kameswara Rao. The film stars N. T. Rama Rao and B. Saroja Devi, with music composed by Ghantasala. It is produced by Lakshmi Rajyam and Sridhar Rao under the Rajyam Productions banner.

Dushyanta
Dushyanta (Sanskrit: दुष्यन्त, IAST: Duṣyanta) is a king of the Chandravamsha (Lunar) dynasty featured in Hindu literature. He is the husband of Shakuntala and the father of Bharata. He appears in the Mahabharata and in Kalidasa's play, Abhijnanashakuntalam (c. 300 CE).
Avenue Beat
Avenue Beat was an American girl group from Quincy, Illinois, composed of members Sami Bearden, Savana Santos and Sam Backoff. Backoff and Santos were friends growing up and met Bearden at a theater camp in high school. The trio then began traveling back and forth to Nashville where they became based. The group got signed to The Valory Music Co. and Tape Room Records. In September 2021, Sami Bearden parted ways with the band after deciding she no longer wanted to pursue a music career. On October 15, 2021, Avenue Beat disbanded following the release of their first and final album, The Debut Farewell Album, with Santos and Backoff citing that they wanted to support their friend and did not want to continue the band without Bearden.

Big Machine Records
Big Machine Records is an American record label, distributed by Universal Music Group. Big Machine is based on Music Row in Nashville, Tennessee. The label was founded in September 2005 by former DreamWorks Records executive Scott Borchetta and became a joint venture between Borchetta and country singer Toby Keith. The American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift was the first artist signed by the label. The purchase of Big Machine Records by Scooter Braun in 2019 resulted in a highly publicized dispute with Swift regarding the ownership of the masters to the albums.
Graham Butcher
Graham Robert Butcher (born 25 September 1981) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Butcher was born at Epsom and was educated at Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School in Croydon, before going up to Oriel College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University on two occasions against Cambridge University in The University Matches of 2001 and 2003. He also made a single first-class appearance for Oxford UCCE against Middlesex at Oxford in 2003.

University Parks
The Oxford University Parks, commonly referred to locally as the University Parks, or just The Parks, is a large parkland area slightly northeast of the city centre in Oxford, England.  The park is bounded to the east by the River Cherwell, though a small plot of land called Mesopotamia sits between the upper and lower levels of the river. To the north of the parks are Norham Gardens (with large houses including Gunfield backing onto the park) and Lady Margaret Hall,  to the west the Parks Road, and the Science Area on South Parks Road to the south. The park is open to the public during the day, and has gardens, large sports fields, and exotic plants. It includes a cricket ground used by Oxford University Cricket Club.
Fris
Fris is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Fris (born 1956), Canadian soprano and actress

Christina Fris (1757–1835), Swedish industrialist and merchant

Edward S. Fris (1921–2010), American lieutenant general

Francesc Gaset Fris (born 1947), Andorran sport shooter

Ihor Fris (born 1973), Ukrainian notary and politician

Jan Friš (born 1995), Czech middle-distance runner

Kristijan Fris (born 1984), Serbian wrestler

Pieter Fris (1627–1706), Dutch Golden Age painter

Christina Fris
Christina Fris (1757–1835), was a Swedish industrialist and merchant.  After the death of her husband in 1808, she became the owner of his merchant company, as well as one of the biggest tobacco factories in Sweden.
Water-based pipe coating
A water-based pipe coating  is an environmentally friendly coating that is applied to the inner and outer surfaces of ductile iron pipe. The   coating serves to protect the water supply lines from corrosion whether  from the outside or  the inside. It also serves  to protect the drinking water from contamination. The coating is an emulsion manufactured using asphaltene and water primarily, with other raw materials according to the manufacturer's specifications.

Contamination
Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or some other undesirable element that renders something unsuitable, unfit or harmful for the physical body, natural environment, workplace, etc.
1976–77 2. Bundesliga
The 1976–77 2. Bundesliga season was the third season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. It was played in two regional divisions, Nord and Süd.

FC St. Pauli, VfB Stuttgart and TSV 1860 Munich were promoted to the Bundesliga while Bonner SC, Göttingen 05, Wacker 04 Berlin, VfL Wolfsburg, Röchling Völklingen, Jahn Regensburg and BSV Schwenningen were relegated to the Oberligas and Amateurligas.

2. Bundesliga Süd (1974–1981)
The 2. Bundesliga Süd was the second-highest level of the West German football league system in the south of West Germany from its introduction in 1974 until the formation of the single-division 2. Bundesliga in 1981. It covered the southern states of Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and Bavaria.
Méléagre
Méléagre (Meleager) is an opera by the French-Italian composer Jean-Baptiste Stuck, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opera) on 24 May 1709. It takes the form of a tragédie en musique in a prologue and five acts. The libretto, by François-Antoine Jolly, is based on the Greek legend of Meleager.

Meleager
Meleager (/ˌmɛliˈeɪɡər/, Ancient Greek: Μελέαγρος, romanized: Meléagros) was a hero in Greek mythology, venerated in his temenos at Calydon in Aetolia. He was famed as the host of the Calydonian boar hunt in the epic tradition that was reworked by Homer, and was also mentioned as one of the Argonauts.
Waterville Central School District
Waterville Central School District is a school district headquartered in Waterville, New York. It operates Waterville Central School.

The district includes all or portions of the following towns in Oneida County: Augusta, Kirkland, Marshall, Paris, Sangerfield and Vernon. Additionally, it includes portions of two towns in Madison County: Brookfield and Madison. Within Oneida County, it includes the villages of Waterville and Oriskany Falls.

Sangerfield, New York
Sangerfield is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States.  The population was 2,561 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Jedediah Sanger, an early settler.

The Town of Sangerfield is on the county's southern border.
P-Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide
p-Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NHNH2. It is a white solid that is soluble in many organic solvents but not water or alkanes. It is a reagent in organic synthesis.

Hydrazone
Hydrazones are a class of organic compounds with the structure R1R2C=N−NH2. They are related to ketones and aldehydes by the replacement of the oxygen =O with the =N−NH2 functional group. They are formed usually by the action of hydrazine on ketones or aldehydes.
Alex Salibian
Alex Salibian is an American record producer and songwriter who spent the first portion of his career under  Jeff Bhasker's production company, Kravenworks. He has written and produced for artists such as Harry Styles, Young the Giant, The Head and the Heart, Eddie Benjamin, MisterWives, and Jess Glynne. A classically trained musician, he has worked extensively in the pop and pop/rock genres over the course of his career.

In 2025 he is currently collaborating with Eddie Benjamin on his debut album, with the first single 'MANIAC' released this past January. He is based in Los Angeles, California.

Young the Giant
Young the Giant is an American rock band that formed in Irvine, California, in 2004. The band's line-up consists of Sameer Gadhia (lead vocals), Jacob Tilley (guitar), Eric Cannata (guitar), Payam Doostzadeh (bass guitar), and Francois Comtois (drums). Formerly known as the Jakes, Young the Giant was signed by Roadrunner Records in 2009, and they released their eponymous debut album in 2010. The band's first three singles, "My Body", "Cough Syrup", and "Apartment", all charted on the US Alternative Songs chart.
Bang (Conway the Machine song)
"Bang" is a song by American rappers Conway the Machine and Eminem. It was released on July 19, 2019 through Shady Records as a non-album single despite being originally made for Conway's second studio album God Don't Make Mistakes. Production was handled by Beat Butcha and Daringer with Eminem and Luis Resto serving as additional producers. Its remix featuring Benny the Butcher and Westside Gunn appeared on Griselda's WWCD album.

Beat Butcha
Eliot Dubock, best known as Beat Butcha, is an English record producer, disc jockey and songwriter best known for his production work for SZA, The Carters, Brent Faiyaz, Dreamville, Banks, $uicideboy$, Tyler, the Creator, and various members of the New York-based Griselda Records hip-hop collective, among others.
Norman R. Palmer
Norman "Stormy" Palmer (October 7, 1918 – March 23, 2013) was an American film editor for The Walt Disney Company. He worked for Disney for around 45 years and served as a mentor to Roy E. Disney, who was later appointed vice-chairman of Disney productions. Palmer was best known for his work on the True-Life Adventures series, and in 1998 he was named a Disney Legend.

True-Life Adventures
True-Life Adventures is a series of short and full-length nature documentary films released by Walt Disney Productions between the years 1948 and 1960. The first seven films released were thirty-minute shorts, with the subsequent seven films being full features. The series won eight Academy Awards for the studio, including five for Best Two Reel Live Action Short and three for Best Documentary Feature.

Some of the features were re-edited into educational shorts between 1968 and 1975. The latter year saw the release of The Best of Walt Disney's True-Life Adventures, a compilation film derived from the series.
Gedved Municipality
Until 1 January 2007, Gedved municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Vejle County on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 151 km², and had a total population of 10,215 (2005).  Its last mayor was Ejgil W. Rasmussen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Gedved.

Gedved municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with existing Brædstrup (with the exception of Voerladegård Parish) and Horsens municipalities to form a new Horsens municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 542 km² and a total population of approx. 80,000 (2005) in Region Midtjylland.

Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ], lit. 'Left', V), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology.

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2022 general elections, Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister. Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament.
Moers Music
Moers Music is a German jazz record label that was founded by Burkhard Hennen in Moers, Germany. The label started in 1974 under the name Ring but was changed three years later due to a conflict with a Canadian record label that had the same name. Moers concentrates on free jazz and has released albums by Barry Altschul, Anthony Braxton, John Carter, Anthony Davis, Roscoe Mitchell, James Newton, Wadada Leo Smith, Vienna Art Orchestra, and World Saxophone Quartet.

Anthony Davis (composer)
Anthony Davis (born February 20, 1951) is an American pianist and composer. He incorporates several styles including jazz, rhythm 'n' blues, gospel, non-Western, African, European classical, Indonesian gamelan, and experimental music. He has played with several groups and is also a professor of music at the University of California, San Diego.

Davis is perhaps best known for his operas; he has been called "the dean of African-American opera composers." His better known compositions include X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X, which was premiered by the New York City Opera in 1986; Amistad, which premiered with the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1997; and Wakonda's Dream, which premiered at Opera Omaha in 2007. His opera The Central Park Five premiered on June 15, 2019, at the Long Beach Opera Company in California. It won him a Pulitzer Prize for Music on May 4, 2020.
Jean Aitchison
Jean Margaret Aitchison (born 3 July 1938) is a Professor Emerita of Language and Communication in the Faculty of English Language and Literature at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford. Her main areas of interest include socio-historical linguistics; language and the mind; and language and the media.

Hypernymy and hyponymy
Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a more specific term (hyponym). The hypernym is also called a supertype, umbrella term, or blanket term. The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym.  The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym. For example, "pigeon", "crow", and "hen" are all hyponyms of "bird" and "animal"; "bird" and "animal" are both hypernyms of "pigeon", "crow", and "hen".