hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Darwin's Ghosts: The Secret History of Evolution
Darwin's Ghosts: The Secret History of Evolution is a nonfiction history of science book by British author Rebecca Stott. It was published in the United States in 2012 by Spiegel & Grau, the international version is subtitled differently: Darwin's Ghosts: In Search of the First Evolutionists. It is written in 12 distinct chapters that highlight persons that contributed to the pre-history of evolution by natural selection, published by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species in 1859. The book contains biographical sketches of 12 persons spanning from 344 BC to 19th century contemporaries of Darwin.

The book has received reviews from notable reviewers and was included on the New York Times Book Review 100 Notable Books 2012 list.

Non-fiction novel
The non-fiction novel is a literary genre that, broadly speaking, depicts non-fictional elements, such as real historical figures and actual events, and uses the storytelling techniques of fiction. Sometimes they incorporate fictitious conversations. The non-fiction novel is an otherwise loosely defined and flexible genre. The genre is sometimes referred to using the slang term "faction", a portmanteau of the words fact and fiction. When written about non-fictional elements of the author's own life, the form is known as autofiction.
Peter Kuchment
Peter Kuchment (born 1949) is an American mathematician working in partial differential equations, mathematical physics, geometrical analysis, and integral geometry with applications to medical imaging.

Peter Kuchment was born in 1949 in Chernivtsi (formerly Chernovtsy), Soviet Union (now Ukraine). He then studied at a university and worked in Voronezh (Russia), until emigrating to the USA in 1989. He holds a M.S. in mathematics from Voronezh State University (1971), a Ph.D. from Kharkiv State University, Ukraine (1973), and Doctor of Science from The Institute of Mathematics of the Ukrainian Acad. Sci., Kyiv (1983) (the latter two degrees in Mathematics and Physics).

Voronezh State University
Voronezh State University (Russian: Воро́нежский госуда́рственный университе́т, ВГУ; VSU) is one of the main universities in Central Russia, located in the city of Voronezh. The university was established in 1918 by professors evacuated from the University of Tartu in Estonia. The university has 18 faculties and an enrollment of 22,000 students from Russia, Europe, Africa, the Americas and Asia. Besides, the university has 6 research institutes and 16 research laboratories administered by the Russian Academy of Science. The university is composed of 10 buildings and 7 resident halls situated throughout the city. For over 90 years the university has trained more than 100,000 professionals.
Humes (surname)
Humes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cedric Humes (born 1983), American football running back

Edward Humes, American journalist

Harold L. Humes (1926–1992), American writer

Helen Humes (1913–1981), American jazz and blues singer

James C. Humes, American writer

Jimmy Humes (born 1942), English footballer

Mary-Margaret Humes (born 1954), American actress

Marvin Humes (born 1985), British boy band member

Rochelle Humes (born 1989), English singer and television presenter

Tony Humes (born 1966), English footballer

William Y.C. Humes (1830–1883), Confederate general

Harold L. Humes
Harold Louis "Doc" Humes Jr. (May 11, 1926 – September 10, 1992) was an author, journalist, and founding editor of The Paris Review.

In 1966, in London, he took large amounts of LSD, which was given to him by Timothy Leary, and he became paranoid and sometimes delusional. After this, he no longer published any writing. When he returned to the US in 1969, he reinvented himself as a "guru on campus", a self-appointed visiting professor, and spent the next 20-odd years living on or near-campus at Columbia University, Princeton University, Bennington College, Monmouth University, and Harvard University, dependent on both his family and on students who were fascinated by his mixture of erudition and mental illness.
Second Family
Second Family is the second studio album by American rock band Patent Pending.  It was released on July 12, 2011 while the band was on the 2011 Vans Warped Tour, but due to a formatting issue the album was not released to online retailers until July 27, 2012.  "Second Family" was recorded with the help of Patent Pending's fans with all the money raised in a Kickstarter after the bands funds had diminished.

Bowling for Soup
Bowling for Soup (commonly abbreviated to BFS) is an American rock band formed in Wichita Falls, Texas, in 1994. The band consists of Jaret Reddick (lead vocals, guitar), Gary Wiseman (drums, percussion), and Rob Felicetti (bass, backing vocals, guitar). The band is best known for its singles "Girl All the Bad Guys Want", "1985", "Almost", "Punk Rock 101", and "High School Never Ends". The band is also known for performing the theme song for the Disney Channel animated series Phineas and Ferb. Following lead guitarist Chris Burney's retirement in 2025, Reddick is the sole remaining original member.
Mike Starr (musician)
Michael Christopher Starr (April 4, 1966 – March 8, 2011) was an American musician best known as the original bassist for the rock band Alice in Chains, with which he played from the band's formation in 1987 until January 1993. He was also a member of Sato, Gypsy Rose, Sun Red Sun, and Days of the New.

Starr had a long history of substance abuse, including addictions to both heroin and synthetic opioids. In 2011, he died of a prescription drug overdose at the age of 44.

Alice N' Chains
Alice N' Chains (originally Sleze) was an American glam metal band from Shoreline, Washington, formed in 1984, who became known for being the first band Layne Staley sang for. Sleze went through several lineup changes before changing their name in 1986, and recording demos, with the lineup of Staley, guitarists Johnny Bacolas and Nick Pollock, bassist Mike Mitchell, and drummer James Bergstrom. The band broke up in 1987; a few months later, Staley formed the successful grunge band Alice in Chains.
In at the Deep End
In at the Deep End is the debut album of London-based grime collective Roll Deep. It went silver in the United Kingdom, selling more than 85,000 copies. The album won Best Album at the 2005 Urban Music Awards.

"Shake a Leg" and "The Avenue" (or simply, "Avenue") were both top 40 hits.

Shake a Leg
"Shake a Leg" is a song by Roll Deep. It was released on 10 October 2005 in the UK and managed to peak to number 24 in the UK Singles Chart. The song's instrumental samples "The Mambo Craze" by De-Phazz.
Lexington Stakes (NYRA)
The Lexington Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old horses run between 1961 and 2007. A race on turf, the event was run at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York from inception through 1976 after which it was moved permanently to Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.

Contested at various middle distances, it was run as the Lexington Handicap from inception in 1961 through 1981.

Named for one of America's greatest race horses as well as foundation sires, Lexington (The Blind Hero of Woodburn), the former Graded stakes race finished classified as a Listed event and offered a purse of $100,000.

Marion duPont Scott
Marion duPont Scott (May 3, 1894 – September 4, 1983) was a thoroughbred horsebreeder who operated a racing stable for both flat and steeplechase racing. She was the last private owner of Montpelier, the mansion and land estate of former United States President James Madison.

At the time of her death, she bequeathed Montpelier to the National Trust for Historic Preservation and established an endowment for its maintenance; it had been designated a National Historic Landmark. During the National Trust's 2003–2008 major restoration of the mansion to its design during the time of Madison's residency, the house was reduced from the 55-room structure developed by the du Pont family back to its original 22 rooms.
Sabzi polo
Sabzi polo (Persian: سبزی پلو) is a Persian dish of rice and chopped herbs, usually served with fish. In Persian, sabzi refers to herbs or vegetables (sabz means "green"); polo is pilaf, a traditional Persian style of cooked rice.

The herbs used in sabzi polo vary, but typically include coriander, dill, chives or scallions, fenugreek, garlic and parsley. It can be made from both fresh and dried herbs.

Iranians traditionally eat sabzi polo with māhi sefid ("white fish", the Caspian kutum) for lunch on Nowruz, the Persian New Year, with their family and relatives. It usually is served with pickled garlic and other traditional pickled herbs and vegetables.

Coriander
Coriander (/ˌkɒriˈændər, ˈkɒriændər/), or Coriandrum sativum, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. The leaves are known as cilantro (/sɪˈlæntroʊ, -ˈlɑːn-/) in the United States (but not in the United Kingdom).: 90  Most people perceive the leaves as having a fresh, slightly citrus taste. Due to variations in the gene OR6A2, some people perceive its flavor to be more soaplike or rotten.

The species is native to the Mediterranean Basin. All parts of the plant are edible, with the fresh leaves and dried seeds most traditionally used in cooking. It is included in Peruvian, Mexican, Indian and Southeast Asian cuisines.
Nikolaus Resch
Nikolaus Resch is an Austrian sailor. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, he and team-mate, Nico Delle-Karth, competed in the mixed Skiff 49er event, finishing in 10th place.  They competed at together again at the 2008 Summer Olympics, finishing in 8th place.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 49er class, the pairing finished in 4th place.

Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – 49er
The men's 49er was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics program in Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy. Sixteen races (last one a medal race) were scheduled and completed. 40 sailors, on 20 boats, from 20 nations competed. Ten boats qualified for the medal race on course area Nothe in front of Weymouth, where each position scored double points.
Electoral district of Kingborough
The electoral district of Kingborough was an electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in the region to the immediate south of Tasmania's capital city, Hobart, and included the Huon Valley towns of Cygnet, Huonville, Kettering, Margate and Sandfly.

The seat was created as a single-member seat ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856. In 1886, it became a two-member seat and absorbed the neighbouring seat of Queenborough, whose member, Edward Crowther, was to win one of the seats at each of the three elections held under this system. At the 1897 election, Queenborough was recreated and Kingborough returned to being a single-member seat. It was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model for the entire state in 1909.

1856 Tasmanian colonial election
The 1856 Tasmanian colonial elections took place from 8 to 22 September 1856 (for the House of Assembly) and 6 to 17 October 1856 (for the Legislative Council). The elections were the first to be held under the Electoral Act 1856, which established responsible government in Tasmania (until 1 January 1856 called Van Diemen's Land) and created a bicameral parliament consisting of the 30-member Tasmanian House of Assembly and the 15-member Tasmanian Legislative Council.

Members were elected using first-past-the-post voting. Following the election, William Champ became the first Premier of Tasmania on 1 November 1856, but his government lasted only 117 days.
Tyler French
Tyler Jay French (born 12 February 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Solihull Moors. He has played in English football for AFC Sudbury, Bradford City, AFC Fylde (on loan) and Welsh side Wrexham, and in Scottish football for Dundee and Greenock Morton (on loan).

Scottish Championship
The Scottish Championship known as the William Hill Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish Championship was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Tottenham Railers
The Tottenham Railers are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in New Tecumseth, Ontario.  They play in the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League (GMHL). The team was known as the Tottenham Steam for its first six seasons and the Tottenham Thunder for the following three seasons.

New Tecumseth
New Tecumseth is a town in Simcoe County, in south-central Ontario, Canada.  While it is not officially a part of the Greater Toronto Area, it is counted, in terms of the census, as being a part of the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area.
John Leonard Harrison
John Leonard Harrison (1917–1972) was a British zoologist.

He came to Singapore as a major of the British army in 1945 where he met his later wife Song Kiew Ying. He worked as a zoologist at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research in Australia in 1951. In 1961, he was an associate professor of zoology at Singapore's Nanyang University. In 1963 he moved to the National University of Singapore to become a professor of Zoology. His son Bernard Harrison was chief executive officer of the Singapore Zoo from 1983 to 2002.

Nanyang University
Nanyang University (Chinese: 南洋大學) was a private university in Singapore between 1956 and 1980. During its existence it was Singapore's only private university in the Chinese language. In 1980, Nanyang University was merged with the University of Singapore to form the National University of Singapore (NUS). It was not until 2005 that another private school in Singapore, SIM University, was established.
1930 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1930 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to American novelist Sinclair Lewis (1885–1951) "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters." He is the first American Nobel laureate in literature.

Dodsworth (novel)
Dodsworth is a satirical novel by American writer Sinclair Lewis, first published by Harcourt Brace & Company on March 14, 1929. Its subject, the differences between US and European intellect, manners, and morals, is one that frequently appears in the works of Henry James.  In 1936 it was made into a movie, Dodsworth, which received seven Academy Award nominations and has been regarded as historically significant by the Library of Congress.
Ameen
Ameen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mohamed Ameen (1910 – 1953), President and prime minister of the Maldives

Aml Ameen (born 1985), English actor

A. R. Ameen (born 2003), Indian singer

Hassan Ameen (born 1985), Emirati footballer

Jamal Ameen, Kuwaiti fencer

Kanwal Ameen, Pakistani information theorist

Mohammed Ameen (born 1980), Saudi Arabian footballer

Muhammad Afsarul Ameen, Bangladesh politician

Nihar Ameen, Indian swimming coach

Robby Ameen (born 1960), American drummer and composer

Sidra Ameen (born 1992), Pakistani cricketer

Mohamed Amin Didi
Sumuvvul Ameer Mohamed Amin Dhoshimeynaa Kilegefaanu (Dhivehi: ސުމުއްވުލް އަމީރު މުހައްމަދު އަމީން ދޮށިމޭނާ ކިލެގެފާނު; 20 July 1910 – 19 January 1954), popularly known as Mohamed Amin Didi, was a Maldivian politician who served as the first president of the Maldives and as the head of government between 1 January 1953, and 21 August 1953. Amin Didi was also the principal of Majeedhiyya School from 1946 to 1953.

Amin Didi was the leader of the first political party in the Maldives, Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party. His political program included efforts to modernize the country, including the advancement of women, education in the Maldives, nationalising the fish export industry and an unpopular ban on tobacco smoking.

Amin Didi took office during post World War II period, a time when the country was in widespread famine and exhausted resources.
Anna Eliza Jenkins
Anna Eliza Jenkins (10 September 1886 – 26 November 1972) was an American mycologist. She specialized in phytopathology (plant diseases), particularly the fungi responsible for "spot anthracnoses", including Sphaceloma and Elsinoe.

Canker
A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather (via frost or windstorm damage) and animal damage can also cause stress to the plant resulting in cankers. Other causes of cankers is pruning when the bark is wet or using un-sterilized tools.

Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease.
Uboa
Uboa is the musical project of Australian drone, ambient and noise rock artist Xandra Metcalfe. She began in 2010 during a period when Metcalfe experimented with doom metal textures and home studio equipment, and gradually moved towards noise, experimental and abstract compositions.

Metcalfe has collaborated as Uboa with several other noise artists including Slumber Kitty, Muddy Lawrence, Solus Varak, teeth dreams and has produced a split EP with Bolt Gun.

Doom metal
Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics are intended to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom. The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath, who formed a prototype for doom metal. During the first half of the 1980s, a number of bands such as Witchfinder General and Pagan Altar from England, American bands Pentagram, Saint Vitus, the Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol, and Swedish band Candlemass defined doom metal as a distinct genre.
Sugar Busters!
The Sugar Busters diet is a diet focused on eliminating foods containing refined carbohydrates such as refined sugar, white flour, and white rice, as well as naturally occurring carbohydrates rating high on the glycemic index such as potatoes and carrots.

Sugar Busters was created by H. Leighton Steward, Sam S. Andrews, Morrison C. Bethea, and Luis A. Balart.

The diet is classified as a fad diet, and though its results compare with those of other low-calorie diets, it brings an increased risk of heart disease.

The original Sugar Busters! Cut Sugar to Trim Fat was self-published by the authors in 1995 and became a local hit in their hometown of New Orleans, after which Ballantine Books republished the book nationally.  The Ballantine edition hit #1 on the New York Times bestseller list in June 2001.  An updated The New Sugar Busters! Cut Sugar to Trim Fat was published in 2003.

Ballantine Books
Ballantine Books is a major American book publisher that is a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Ballantine was founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine with his wife, Betty Ballantine. Ballantine was acquired by Random House in 1973, which in turn was acquired by Bertelsmann in 1998 and remains part of that company.

Ballantine's original logo was a pair of mirrored letter Bs back to back, later changing to two Bs stacked to form an elaborate gate. The firm's early editors were Stanley Kauffmann and Bernard Shir-Cliff.
Prima Games
Prima Games is a website owned by Gamurs that covers video game news and tips. Founded in 1990, it was formerly a publishing company of print and digital strategy guides for video games. Random House acquired the company in 2001. In 2015, Prima Games merged with BradyGames, an imprint of DK, where it continued to operate under the Prima name. In 2019, DK announced that Prima Games would cease the production of strategy guides, later selling the company to Asteri Holdings the same year. Gamurs acquired Prima Games in 2022.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.
R v Rahey
R v Rahey, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 588 is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada. The accused challenged a  delay of over eleven months on an application for a directed verdict as violation of the right to a trial within a reasonable time under section 11(b) of the Charter. The Court found that there was a violation of section 11(b) and  granted a stay of proceedings.

Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Canadian Constitution that protects a person's legal rights in criminal and penal matters. There are nine enumerated rights protected in section 11.
Robert D. Burgoyne
Robert D. Burgoyne (born 1953) is a British physiologist and neuroscientist and Emeritus Professor of Physiology at the University of Liverpool. He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2002. He was elected a member of Academia Europaea in 2001.

Academia Europaea
The Academia Europaea is a pan-European Academy of humanities, letters, law, and sciences.
The Academia was founded in 1988 as a functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of European interests in national research agencies.
Scott Russell linkage
A Scott Russell linkage is a linkage which translates linear motion through a right angle.

The linkage is named after John Scott Russell (1808–1882), although watchmaker William Freemantle had already patented it in 1803.

A different form of the linkage has been used in a front-wheel-drive vehicle with solid rear axle to control lateral movement, and with a flexing elastomeric connection instead of the rolling or sliding connection.

The linkage does not share the disadvantages of the asymmetric Panhard rod, and is more compact than the Watt's linkage.

Right angle
In geometry and trigonometry, a right angle is an angle of exactly 90 degrees or ⁠/2⁠ radians corresponding to a quarter turn. If a ray is placed so that its endpoint is on a line and the adjacent angles are equal, then they are right angles. The term is a calque of Latin angulus rectus; here rectus means "upright", referring to the vertical perpendicular to a horizontal base line.

Closely related and important geometrical concepts are perpendicular lines, meaning lines that form right angles at their point of intersection, and orthogonality, which is the property of forming right angles, usually applied to vectors. The presence of a right angle in a triangle is the defining factor for right triangles, making the right angle basic to trigonometry.
Desmostachya bipinnata
Desmostachya bipinnata, commonly known as halfa grass, big cordgrass, and salt reed-grass, is an Old World perennial grass, long known and used in human history. The grass is tall, tufted, leafy, perennial grass, branching from the base, erect from a stout creeping rootstock.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.