hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theodore the Studite
Theodore the Studite (Greek: Θεόδωρος ὁ Στουδίτης, romanized: Theodōros ho Stoudítes; 759–826), also known as Theodorus Studita and Saint Theodore of Stoudios/Studium, was a Byzantine Greek monk and abbot of the Stoudios Monastery in Constantinople. He played a major role in the revivals both of Byzantine monasticism and of classical literary genres in Byzantium. He is known as a zealous opponent of iconoclasm, one of several conflicts that set him at odds with both emperor and patriarch. Throughout his life he maintained letter correspondences with many important political and cultural figures of the Byzantine empire; this included many women, such as the composer and nun Kassia, who was much influenced by his teachings.

Rhomaioi
Rhomaioi or Romaioi (Ῥωμαῖοι) were the Greek-speaking inhabitants of Southern Europe and Western Asia that identified as Romans starting from Late Antiquity. Although modern scholarship commonly refers to these populations as Byzantines, Eastern Romans, or Byzantine Greeks, they consistently understood their identity as Roman, rooted in imperial continuity, the Christian faith, and the Greek language and culture. Over time, Rhōmaios became closely associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church as well as Greek speech, and the identity continued in use among Greek Orthodox communities after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Timor and Dependencies Residency
The Timor and Dependencies Residency (Dutch: Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden; Indonesian: Karesidenan Timor dan Kepulauannya) was an administrative subdivision (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in the Eastern half of Lesser Sunda Islands east of Lombok, it was separated in 1819 from the Governorate of Moluccas (Gouvernement der Molukken. Its capital was at Kupang.

Kupang
Kupang (Indonesian: Kota Kupang, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈkupaŋ]), formerly known as Koepang, is the capital of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. At the 2020 Census, it had a population of 442,758; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 474,801 (comprising 238,997 males and 235,804 females). It is the largest city and port (actually the only independent city in the province) on the island of Timor, and is a part of the Timor Leste–Indonesia–Australia Growth Triangle free trade zone. Geographically, Kupang is the southernmost large city in Indonesia, as well as the closest to Australia.
Gold Mask
Gold Mask (Korean: 황금 가면) is a South Korean television series starring Cha Ye-ryun, Na Young-hee and Lee Hwi-hyang. It is about a tragedy of three women, caused by greed and desire. The daily drama aired on KBS2 on May 23 to October 7, 2022, every weekday at 19:50 (KST) for 100 episodes.

KBS2
KBS 2TV (Korean: KBS 제2텔레비전) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel launched on 1 December 1980 and owned by Korean Broadcasting System. In contrast to KBS1, the channel specializes primarily in entertainment.
Tom Raga
Thomas A. Raga (born 1965) is the President of AES Ohio, a subsidiary of The AES Corporation, and also the Executive Director of the AES Ohio Foundation. Raga is a former politician of the Republican Party who represented the 67th district (Warren County) in the Ohio House of Representatives. In February 2006, he was named by Ken Blackwell as his running mate in the May 2, 2006, primary for governor of Ohio. Blackwell and Raga won the Republican nomination, but lost the November general election to Ted Strickland and Lee Fisher 60-36%.

Governor of Ohio
The governor of Ohio is the head of government of Ohio and the commander-in-chief of the U.S. state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio General Assembly, the power to convene and adjourn the legislature, and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The current governor is Mike DeWine, a member of the Republican Party who took office on January 14, 2019 following the 2018 Ohio gubernatorial election. He was re-elected to a second term in 2022.
USS Virginia (CGN-38)
USS Virginia (hull number CGN-38) was a nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser, the lead ship of her class, and the eighth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the Commonwealth of Virginia. She was commissioned in 1976 and decommissioned in 1994.

Hull number
A hull number is a serial identification number given to a boat or ship. For the military, a lower number implies an older vessel. For civilian use, the Hull Identification Number (HIN) is used to trace the boat's history. The precise usage varies by country and type.
MV John Paul DeJoria
MV John Paul DeJoria (formerly USCGC Block Island (WPB-1344)) was a former United States Coast Guard cutter owned and operated by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Until scrapped, she was used in their direct action campaigns against illegal fisheries activities.

In January 2015, Sea Shepherd purchased two decommissioned Island-class patrol boats from the United States Coast Guard, capable of a top speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph). They were USCGC Block Island and USCGC Pea Island, and were renamed MV Jules Verne and MY Farley Mowat after famous authors, respectively. They were joined by another ex-USCG island class cutter in December 2017, the MV Sharpie.

Jules Verne was then renamed MV John Paul DeJoria on 31 January 2017, honouring Sea Shepherd supporter John Paul DeJoria. Under the new name, the ship's first mission was to join the search for the missing filmmaker Rob Stewart in the Florida Keys.

United States Coast Guard Cutter
United States Coast Guard Cutter is the term used by the U.S. Coast Guard for its commissioned vessels.  They are 65 feet (19.8 m) or greater in length and have a permanently assigned crew with accommodations aboard.  They carry the ship prefix USCGC.
Chinamococh stream frog
The Chinamococh stream frog (Quilticohyla sanctaecrucis) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Guatemala. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Frederick Fison
Sir Frederick William Fison, 1st Baronet (4 December 1847 – 20 December 1927)
was an English mill-owner and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1895 to 1906.

Fison was born at Bradford, the son of William Fison a manufacturer and his wife Fanny Whitaker. He was educated at Rugby School and Christ Church, Oxford. He was a spinner and manufacturer and became a Justice of the Peace (J.P.) and Deputy Lieutenant.

At the 1885 general election, Fison stood unsuccessfully for Parliament in Otley
and he was unsuccessful again in Buckrose in 1892. He finally entered the Commons at the 1895 general election, when he was elected as Member of Parliament for Doncaster, holding that seat until his defeat at the 1906 general election. He was created a baronet on 27 July 1905.

Fison died at the age of 80.

Fison married Isabella Crossley, daughter of Joseph Crossley, on 23 April 1872. Their son William Fison was an Olympic rower.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Uranium mining in the United States
Uranium mining in the United States produced 224,331 pounds (101.8 tonnes) of U3O8 in 2023, 15% of the 2018 production of 1,447,945 pounds (656.8 tonnes) of U3O8. The 2023 production represents 0.4% of the uranium fuel requirements of the US's nuclear power reactors for the year. Production came from five in-situ leaching plants, four in Wyoming (Nichols Ranch ISR Project, Lance Project, Lost Creek Project, and Smith Ranch-Highland Operation) and one in Nebraska (Crowe Butte Operation); and from the White Mesa conventional mill in Utah.

From 1949 to 2019, total US production of uranium oxide (U3O8) was 979.9 million pounds (444,500 tonnes).

Uranium oxide
Uranium oxide is an oxide of the element uranium.

The metal uranium forms half a dozen known oxides:

Uranium dioxide or uranium(IV) oxide (UO2, the mineral uraninite or pitchblende)

Diuranium pentoxide or uranium(V) oxide (U2O5)

Uranium trioxide or uranium(VI) oxide (UO3)

Triuranium octoxide (U3O8, the most stable uranium oxide; yellowcake typically contains 70 to 90 percent triuranium octoxide)

Uranyl peroxide (UO2O2 or UO4)

Amorphous uranium(VI) oxide (Am-U2O7)

Uranium dioxide is oxidized in contact with oxygen to form triuranium octoxide.

3 UO2 + O2  →  U3O8 at 250 °C (523 K)
Woodend (Chevy Chase, Maryland)
Woodend is a historic home located in the Montgomery County, Maryland, town of Chevy Chase.  This Georgian Revival house was built by Chester and Marion Wells in 1927–1928, and owned by the Audubon Naturalist Society of the Central Atlantic States.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story house with Flemish bond brick walls and brick quoins. The house was designed by John Russell Pope.

The society maintains the Woodend Nature Sanctuary on the 40-acre (16 ha) property, which is open to the public.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Quoin
Quoins (/kɔɪn/ or /kwɔɪn/) are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall. Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble, while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner. According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence.

Stone quoins are used on stone or brick buildings. Brick quoins may appear on brick buildings, extending from the facing brickwork in such a way as to give the appearance of generally uniformly cut ashlar blocks of stone larger than the bricks. Where quoins are decorative and non-load-bearing a wider variety of materials is used, including timber, stucco, or other cement render.
Ping Liu
Ping Liu (born 1964) is a Chinese New Zealand academic, and is a full professor at the University of Otago, specialising in neurobiology, especially how arginine metabolism affects brain function in normal ageing and in diseases such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

Behavioral Neuroscience (journal)
Behavioral Neuroscience is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Psychological Association. It was established in 1983 and covers research in behavioral neuroscience.

The journal has implemented the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines. The TOP Guidelines provide structure to research planning and reporting and aim to make research more transparent, accessible, and reproducible.
John F. McJunkin
John Ferguson McJunkin (September 23, 1830 – January 1, 1883) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, McJunkin taught school and studied law. In 1858, he was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar. In 1859, McJunkin moved to Washington, Iowa and continued to practice law. From 1864 to 1868, McJunkin served in the Iowa State Senate and was a Republican. Then from 1877 to 1881, McJunkin served as the Iowa Attorney General. McJunkin died from heart problems at his home in Washington, Iowa.

Washington County, Pennsylvania
Washington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 209,349. Its county seat is Washington. The county is home to Washington County Airport, three miles (4.8 km) southwest of Washington. The county is part of the Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth. Southpointe is the regions largest business park with over 800 acres of office buildings, manufacturing, hotels, restaurants and a championship golf course. The park is home to corporations Ansys, Viatris, Range Resources, Lighthouse Electric, EQT, Core Natural Resources and Centimark. The current county commissioners are Nick Sherman, Electra Janis and Lawrence Maggi.
Amjhupi Union
Amjhupi Union (Bengali: আমঝুপি ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Meherpur Sadar Upazila,  in Meherpur District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 66.23 square kilometres (25.57 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 27,887. There are 20 villages and 15 mouzas in the union.

Amjhupi Nilkuthi is located about six kilometers east of Meherpur town. This kuthi is situated in a beautiful natural environment near the bank of the Kajla river in Dokkhinpara of Amjhupi village. On 13 May 1978, Amjhupi Nilkuthi was considered as a tourist center by the Khulna Development Authority.

Meherpur District
Meherpur District (Bengali: মেহেরপুর জেলা) is a northwestern district of Khulna Division in southwestern Bangladesh. It is bordered by West Bengal, India in the west, and by the Bangladeshi districts of Kushtia and Chuadanga to the east.  Pre-independence Meherpur was a subdivision of Nadia district. The district has an area of 716.08 square kilometres (276.48 sq mi).
Krasny Khutor, Kursk Oblast
Krasny Khutor (Russian: Красный Хутор) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Makarovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  0 (2010 Census); 5 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Urszulin, Włodawa County
Urszulin (Polish pronunciation: [urˈʂulin]) is a village in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Urszulin.

It is a legal address of Polesie National Park.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Newport Reading Room
The Newport Reading Room (also known as The Reading Room), founded in 1854, is a gentlemen's club located on Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island, USA. Its primary building features an actual book reading room. The Spouting Rock Beach Association, which owns the famed Bailey's Beach, has been reported to own the building. However this claim, according to the club's leadership, is incorrect.

Bellevue Avenue Historic District
The Bellevue Avenue Historic District is located along and around Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Its property is almost exclusively residential, including many of the Gilded Age mansions built as summer retreats around the turn of the 20th century by the extremely wealthy, including the Vanderbilt and Astor families. Many of the homes represent pioneering work in the architectural styles of the time by major American architects.

The district was declared a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1976. Several of the mansions within the district are also individually National Historic Landmarks, and a number of them are open to the public as museums. The district has become one of Newport's major tourist attractions.
Yuri Arcurs
Yuri Arcurs, born Jacob Yuri Wackerhausen on July 27, 1979 is a Danish stock photographer and owner of PeopleImages.com. In 2007 he was the top ranked selling contributor at Shutterstock, Fotolia, Crestock and BigStockPhoto In 2008 Arcurs sold 650,000 images per year through 16 different microstock agencies

A 2010 vote by readers of PDN Magazine ranked Arcurs among the "30 Most Influential Photographers" of the decade. In 2011, he was considered to be the best selling microstock photographer in the world, selling more than 2 million images in a year and in 2012, it was reported that he sold 450 images per hour.

Shutterstock
Shutterstock, Inc. is an American provider of stock photography, stock footage, stock music, and editing tools; it is headquartered in New York. Founded in 2002 by programmer and photographer Jon Oringer, Shutterstock maintains a library of around 200 million royalty-free stock photos, vector graphics, and illustrations, with around 10 million video clips and music tracks available for licensing. Originally a subscription site only, Shutterstock expanded beyond subscriptions into à la carte pricing in 2008. It has been publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 2012. In January 2025, it was announced that the company would be merging with Getty Images.
Bogskär
Bogskär is a small group of Baltic Sea islets off the southernmost tip of Finland. It is Finland's southernmost land and governed by the municipality of Kökar in Åland. The islets are remote: the distance to the nearest large islands in Kökar, Föglö and Lemland is over 50 kilometres (31 mi).

Bogskär is so remote that it is located outside the internal waters of Finland, and has its own, separate internal waters. Up to 1995, even its territorial waters were separate from the rest of Finland. When the territorial waters were expanded from a limit of 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) to 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi), the territorials waters merged. Even today, territorial waters extend only 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Bogskär.

Lemland
Lemland is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland. Covering a land area of 113.21 km2 (43.71 sq mi), it had a population of 2,133 in 2025. The majority of Lemland's population speaks Swedish. The Lemström Canal, carved in 1882, separates Åland’s main island from the Lemland peninsula. Historically, the municipality has been an important maritime hub, given its strategic location in the Baltic Sea.
Tantum
Tantum or Lomba Tantum is a small settlement located in the southwest corner of the island Brava, Cape Verde. It is one of the southernmost settlements in Cape Verde, together with nearby Cachaço. Its 2010 population was 282. It sits at an elevation of 228 metres (748 ft). It is situated in the mountains near the south coast, 6 km (3.7 mi) southwest of the island capital Nova Sintra.

Nova Sintra
Nova Sintra is a city in the central part of the island of Brava in southwestern Cape Verde. It serves as the seat of the Brava Municipality. The settlement is named after Sintra, the summer residence of the Portuguese kings. Its population is about 1,500. Its elevation is around 500 meters. Since 2010, Nova Sintra has been a city. Agriculture is the predominant source of income on Brava. Tourism is less developed, but there are a few small hotels and guest houses.  The "aluguer" buses to the other villages start from Praça Eugénio Tavares.

The historic center has been submitted to the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites in 2016.
Tanzhou Convention & Exhibition Center station
Tanzhou Convention & Exhibition Center station (simplified Chinese: 潭洲会展站; traditional Chinese: 潭洲會展站; pinyin: Tánzhōu Huìzhǎn Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Tàahmjāu Wuihjín Jaahm) is a station on Line 3 of Foshan Metro, located in Foshan's Shunde District. It opened on 28 December 2022.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Gert van Rooyen
Cornelius Gerhardus van Rooyen (11 April 1938 – 15 January 1990), better known as Gert van Rooyen, was a South African paedophile and serial killer who abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered at least six young girls between 1988 and 1989. He was aided in his crimes by his mistress Joey Haarhoff. In early 1990, when faced with arrest after the escape of their latest kidnap victim, Van Rooyen killed Haarhoff and himself in a murder-suicide. Despite later evidence against them, the two were never formally convicted due to their deaths and the bodies of their alleged victims were never found.

EMdloti
eMdloti, alternatively rendered Umdloti and also known as Umdloti Beach, is a small resort village situated along the KwaZulu-Natal North Coast, South Africa. It lies at the mouth of the Mdloti River approximately 24 km north-east (14,9 mi) of Durban and 11 km (6.8 mi) north-east of uMhlanga and now forms part of eThekwini, the Greater Durban Metropolitan Municipality.

The name Mdloti is the Zulu word for a species of wild tobacco that grows here.
Huldrefjellet
Huldrefjellet ("the fairy-lady mountain") is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The mountain has a height of 725 m.a.s.l. and is located north of Eidembreen, between Huldrebreen and Austgötabreen. Huldrefjellet is part of the Trollheimen range.

Oscar II Land
Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.

The area is named after Oscar II of Sweden. Older name variants are Oscar II's Land and Terre Oscar II.

The Hofgaardtoppen mountain is the highest peak in Oscar II Land.
Harry Moran
Harry Edwin Moran (April 2, 1889 – November 28, 1962) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He was a lefty and played all or part of three seasons in the majors: 1912 for the Detroit Tigers, 1914 for the Buffalo Buffeds, and 1915 for the Newark Peppers. He started playing professional baseball on June 23, 1912, with the Detroit Tigers.

Newark Peppers
The Newark Peppers, originally known as the Indianapolis Hoosiers, were a Federal League baseball team from 1913 to 1915. The Federal League (FL), founded in 1913, was a third major league in 1914 and 1915.