hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
My First Summer in the Sierra
My First Summer in the Sierra is a book by Scottish-American naturalist John Muir, published by Houghton Mifflin in 1911. Based on journal entries from the summer of 1869, when Muir accompanied a shepherd and a flock of sheep into the Sierra Nevada of California, the book records his observations of the landscape, flora, fauna, and geology of the range from the foothills near La Grange to the High Sierra around Tuolumne Meadows.

The original field notes date from 1869; Muir revised them around 1887. Selections appeared in The Atlantic Monthly in 1911, before Houghton Mifflin brought out the full work in June, forty-two years after the journey. Branch compared its influence to that of Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac and Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Solnit criticized Muir for writing indigenous peoples out of the Sierra landscape.

Aldo Leopold
Aldo Leopold (January 11, 1887 – April 21, 1948) was an American writer, philosopher, naturalist, scientist, ecologist, forester, professor, conservationist, and environmentalist. He taught at the University of Wisconsin and is best known for his book A Sand County Almanac (1949), which has been translated into fifteen languages and has sold more than two million copies.

Leopold was influential in the development of modern environmental ethics and in the movement for wilderness conservation. His ethics of nature and wildlife preservation had a profound impact on the environmental movement, with his ecocentric or holistic ethics regarding land. He emphasized biodiversity and ecology and was a founder of the science of wildlife management.
Uddabh Barman
Uddhab Barman is an Indian communist politician affiliated to the Communist Party of India (Marxist).  He is a former Assam State Committee Secretary of the CPI(M) and a Member of the Assam Legislative Assembly, elected from the Sorbhog constituency. He was elected to the Lok Sabha twice from Barpeta, in 1991 and 1996. He was also a member of the Central Committee of CPI(M).

He is married to Madhuri Devi.

Central committee
A central committee is a political-executive organ designated as the highest organ of a communist party between two congresses. Per the principles of democratic centralism, a central committee is empowered to deal with any issue that falls under the party's purview. While formally retaining this role in socialist states, commonly referred to as communist states by outside observers, in practice, it delegates this authority to numerous smaller internal organs due to the infrequency of its meetings.

The term of a central committee of a ruling communist party is usually five years. The party congress elects individuals to the central committee and holds it accountable. At the first central committee session held immediately after a congress, it elects the party leader, an office usually titled general secretary of the central committee, a political organ, commonly known as the politburo, and an executive organ, customarily named the secretariat.
Franco Committeri
Franco Committeri (17 August 1924 – 11 October 2001) was an Italian film producer.

Born in Rome, Committeri started his career in the late 1950s as managing director of the film companies Istituto Luce and Cei Incom. In 1964 he became an independent producer, first founding the production company Jupiter and later establishing the company Massfilm. He produced almost all the films directed by Ettore Scola during this time, as well as works by Nino Manfredi, Luigi Magni, Elio Petri, Ugo Tognazzi and Marco Bellocchio.

During his career Committeri won several awards, including a David di Donatello in 1981 and a Silver Ribbon in 1987.  He was also an occasional actor.

Istituto Luce
The Istituto Luce ("Light Institute", with Luce being the acronym for L'Unione Cinematografica Educativa, i.e. "The Educational Film Union") was Italy’s public film agency corporation, created in 1924 during the Fascist era. The institute, based in Rome, was involved in the production and distribution of films and documentaries intended for being screened in cinemas. Famous for having been a powerful propaganda tool of the fascist regime, it is considered as the oldest public institution devoted to production and distribution of cinematographic materials for didactic and informative purposes in the world.
Hall of Columns
The Hall of Columns is a more than 100-foot-long (30 m) hallway lined with 28 fluted columns in the south wing extension of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.  It is also the gallery for 18 statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection.

Architect of the Capitol
The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that is responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, construction, building preservation, and property management of the United States Capitol Complex and is accountable directly to the United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States.

Both the agency and the head of the agency are called "Architect of the Capitol". The head of the agency is appointed by a vote of a congressional commission for a ten-year term. Prior to 2024, the president of the United States appointed the architect upon confirmation vote by the United States Senate, and was accountable to the president.
Brandier
Brandier is a hamlet in north Wiltshire, England, in Minety parish. It lies a short distance north-east of Upper Minety and is bisected by the Swindon to Kemble railway.

Brandier was the site of extensive Roman kilns and potteries which supplied the nearby regional capital of Corinium (Cirencester) with ceramic building materials. 'Minety Ware' was in production until at least the medieval period and has been found as far afield as Germany.

The hamlet once stood at a crossroads, one road of which, Crow Lane, is now a public right of way. The other, where Crossing Lane is today, roughly corresponds to the Roman road leading to Cirencester, where it connects with the Fosse Way. Until the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, the hamlet was in Gloucestershire.

The largest dwelling in the hamlet is Brandiers Farm, mostly dating from the 16th century although excavations have shown it to have been built on extensive Roman foundations, making it arguably the oldest building in the parish.

Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844
The Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 (7 & 8 Vict. c. 61), also known as the Detached Parishes Act 1844, which came into effect on 20 October 1844, was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which eliminated many outliers or exclaves of counties in England and Wales for civil purposes. The changes were based on recommendations by a boundary commission, headed by the surveyor Thomas Drummond and summarized in a schedule attached to the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832. This also listed a few examples of civil parishes divided by county boundaries, most of which were dealt with by later legislation. This Act was repealed in its entirety by the Local Government Act 1972.
Santiago del Nuevo Extremo (band)
Santiago del Nuevo Extremo is a Chilean band formed in 1978 at Santiago, Chile. It was one of the most important bands of the Canto Nuevo music movement during Pinochet’s dictatorship. The band was named after the original name of Santiago de Chile when it was founded by Pedro de Valdivia in 1541.

It has shared a stage in multiple occasions with Inti-Illimani, and some of its members would go on to found the jazz-rock band Fulano.

Pedro de Valdivia
Pedro Gutiérrez de Valdivia or Valdiva (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾo ðe βalˈdiβja]; April 17, 1497 – December 25, 1553) was a Spanish conquistador and the first Governor of Colonial Chile. After having served with the Spanish army in Italy and Flanders, he was sent to South America in 1535, where he served as a soldier under the Pizarro brothers in Peru, gradually rising in power.

In 1540, Valdivia led an expedition of 150 Spaniards and 1,000 Peruvian Indians into Chile, where he defeated a large force of indigenous warriors and founded Santiago in 1541. He extended Spanish rule south to the Biobío River in 1546, fought again in Peru (1546–1548), and returned to Chile as Royal Governor in 1549. In 1550, he expanded Spanish rule further south into Araucanía, where he founded the city of Concepción and the eponymous city of Valdivia. He was captured and killed by Mapuche Indians during the Arauco War in 1553.
12th Support Regiment (Ukraine)
The 12th Support Regiment (MUN A3814, post B2381) is a regiment level military unit of the Ukrainian Support Forces, part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It was established in 1968 as the 1591st Separate Engineering Road and Bridge Construction Battalion of the 8th Tank Army of the Soviet Armed Forces. It is headquartered in Zvyahel. It has seen combat during both, the War in Donbass and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Military Unit Number
A Military Unit Number (Russian: войсковая часть, в/ ч; Ukrainian: військова частина, в/ ч) is a unique numeric code assigned to military units of the Soviet Union and some Post-Soviet states. It is usually a four or five digit code for the purpose of identifying units of the armed forces and internal troops.

Military Unit Numbers for ground forces are assigned for a specific military unit (corps, division, brigade, etc.) while for the navy it is assigned to an individual ship. The number is also used for the unit's military mail and other logistics.
Bingsheng Cup
The Bingsheng Cup (Chinese: 兵圣杯; pinyin: Bīngshèng Bēi) was an international women's Go tournament. It was held annually from 2010 to 2019, a total of 10 times. The tournament was held at Qionglong Mountain in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is also known as the Qionglong Mountain Bingsheng Cup. The name bingsheng is in honor of Sun Tzu, who is said to have written The Art of War at Qionglong Mountain; the historicity of Sun Tzu is uncertain.

Qionglong Mountain
Qionglong Mountain (Chinese: 穹窿山; pinyin: QióngLóng shān) is the highest mountain of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. It is located in southwest of Suzhou, whose elevation is 341.7m. One of the most famous ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu lived here after retirement, and he wrote the masterpiece The Art of War here. Qionglong Mountain has the longest sky way in Suzhou and the only provincial natural reserve in Suzhou as well.
1990 Virginia Slims of Oklahoma – Doubles
Lori McNeil and Betsy Nagelsen were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Mary Lou Daniels and Wendy White won the title by defeating Manon Bollegraf and Lise Gregory 7–5, 6–2 in the final.

Manon Bollegraf
Manon Maria Bollegraf (born 10 April 1964) is a former professional tennis player from the Netherlands, who was a quarterfinalist at the singles event of the 1992 French Open, a finalist in doubles at the 1997 Wimbledon Championships, and a four-time mixed doubles Grand Slam champion. She also finished fourth in women's doubles at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
Quakers in North America
Quakers (or Friends) are members of a Christian religious movement that started in England as a form of Protestantism in the 17th century. It has spread throughout Africa, North America, Central America, and Australia. Some Quakers originally came to North America to spread their beliefs to the British colonists there, while others came to escape the persecution they experienced in Europe. The first known Quakers in North America arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1656 via Barbados, and were soon joined by other Quaker preachers who converted many colonists to Quakerism. Many Quakers settled in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, due to its policy of religious freedom, as well as the British colony of Pennsylvania which was formed by William Penn in 1681 as a haven for persecuted Quakers.

Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from Latin, meaning "Penn's Woods", a reference to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn.
Whitehead's lemma
For a lemma on Lie algebras, see Whitehead's lemma (Lie algebras).

Whitehead's lemma is a technical result in abstract algebra used in algebraic K-theory.  It states that a matrix of the form

is equivalent to the identity matrix by elementary transformations (that is, transvections):

Here,  indicates a matrix whose diagonal block is  and -th entry is .

The name "Whitehead's lemma" also refers to the closely related result that the derived group of the stable general linear group is the group generated by elementary matrices. In symbols,

.

This holds for the stable group (the direct limit of matrices of finite size) over any ring, but not in general for the unstable groups, even over a field. For instance for

one has:

where Alt(3) and Sym(3) denote the alternating resp. symmetric group on 3 letters.

Identity matrix
In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size  is the  square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It has unique properties, for example when the identity matrix represents a geometric transformation, the object remains unchanged by the transformation. In other contexts, it is analogous to multiplying by the number 1.
2010 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I – Pool B
Group B of the 2010 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I was one of two pools in the Americas Zone Group I of the 2010 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom two teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top teams played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom teams faced potential relegation to Group II.

2010 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The 2010 World Group II play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2011 World Group II, while losing nations joined their respective zonal groups.
Udyognagri Express
The 12173 / 12174 Udyognagri Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Central Railway zone that runs between Lokmanya Tilak Terminus and Maa Belha Devi Dham Pratapgarh Jn. in India.

It operates as train number 12173 from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to Pratapgarh  and as train number 12174 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

The name Udyognagri means Industrial City (initially this train was introduced between Mumbai and industrial and commercial capital of Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur) .

Central Railway zone
The Central Railway (abbreviated CR) is one of the 17 zones of Indian Railways. Its headquarters are located at Mumbai. It has the distinction of operating the first passenger railway line in India, which opened from Mumbai to Thane on 16 April 1853 (1853-04-16).
Plants and Birds and Rocks and Things
Plants and Birds and Rocks and Things is the 1993 debut studio album by the Loud Family, a band formed by singer, songwriter and guitarist Scott Miller after the dissolution of his 1980s band Game Theory. It was Miller's fifth album to be produced by Mitch Easter.

Gil Ray
George Gilbert Ray (September 17, 1956 – January 24, 2017) was an American rock drummer, guitarist, and vocalist, best known for his recordings in the 1980s and 1990s as a member of the bands Game Theory and The Loud Family. In late 2012, he joined Rain Parade as drummer for a series of reunion performances.
Anglican Diocese of Osun
The Anglican Diocese of Osun is one of 17 dioceses within the Anglican Province of Ibadan, itself one of 14 ecclesiastical provinces within the Church of Nigeria. The bishop emeritus is James Afolabi Popoola and the current bishop is the Right Rev. Foluso Olugbenga Babatunji.

The Diocese of Osun was inaugurated on 3  August 1987, and Seth Oni Fagbemi was enthroned at All Saints’ Cathedral, Balogun, Osogbo, as the pioneer bishop.

Osogbo
Osogbo // ⓘ (also known as Oṣogbo, and seldomly as Oshogbo) is a city in Nigeria. It became the capital city of Osun State in 1991. Osogbo city seats the Headquarters of both Osogbo Local Government Area (situated at Oke-Baale Area of the city) and Olorunda Local Government Area (situated at Igbonna Area of the city). It is some 88 kilometers by road northeast of Ibadan. It is also 108 kilometres (67 mi) by road south of Ilorin (capital and largest city of Kwara State) and 108 kilometres (67 mi) northwest of Akure. Osogbo shares boundaries with Ikirun, Ilesa, Ede, Egbedore, Ogbomosho and Iragbiji and it is easily accessible from any part of the state because of its central nature. It is about 48 km from Ife, 32 km from Ilesa, 46 km from Iwo, 48 km from Ikire and 46 km from Ila-Orangun; the city had a population of about 200,000  people and an approximate land area of 126 km. The postal code of the area is 230. The current chairman of the council is Onibonokuta Saheed M.
Krasnoselskaya
Krasnoselskaya (Russian: Красносе́льская, lit. 'Red village')pronunciationⓘ is a Moscow Metro station in the Krasnoselsky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Komsomolskaya and Sokolniki stations. Krasnoselskaya is located under Krasnoprudnaya Street, east of the intersection with Krasnoselskaya Street.

Central Administrative Okrug
Central Administrative Okrug, or Tsentralny Administrativny Okrug (Russian: Центра́льный администрати́вный о́круг, Tsentralny administrativny okrug), is one of the twelve administrative okrugs of Moscow, Russia. Population: 772,258 (2021 census); 741,967 (2010 census); 701,353 (2002 census); . It is the core of the city that includes its oldest, historical parts: Kremlin and the former Bely Gorod and Zemlyanoy Gorod; with certain churches and fortifications as old as from the 14th to 15th century. It is also the site of Russia's highest government institutions, such as the Government house, the State Duma, the Federation Council, and most ministries. A large part of the territory is occupied by office buildings, especially in the "Moscow-City" business district on the west side of the Okrug.
Blind Faith (Blind Faith album)
Blind Faith is the only studio album by the English supergroup Blind Faith, originally released in the United States on 9 August 1969 on Atco Records, and in the United Kingdom on 22 August 1969 on Polydor Records and in Europe. It topped the album charts in the UK, Canada and US, and was listed at No. 40 on the US Soul Albums chart. It has been certified platinum by the RIAA.

Jimmy Miller
Jimmy Miller (March 23, 1942 – October 22, 1994) was an American record producer and musician.  While he produced albums for dozens of different bands and artists, he is known primarily for his work with several key musical acts of the 1960s and 1970s.

Miller rose to prominence working with the various bands of vocalist Steve Winwood (including Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, and Blind Faith).  His best acclaimed work was his late 1960s-early 1970s work with the Rolling Stones for whom he produced a string of singles and albums that rank among the most critically and financially successful works of the band's career: Beggars Banquet (1968), Let It Bleed (1969), Sticky Fingers (1971), Exile on Main St. (1972) and Goats Head Soup (1973). In the late 1970s, he began working with Motörhead and continued to produce until his death in 1994.
Nick Simmons (politician)
Nicholas S. Simmons (born May 1, 1989) is an American educator, civil servant and politician who served as Deputy Chief of Staff to Governor Ned Lamont in 2023, as well as Senior Advisor to the Biden Administration in 2021.

In February 2024, Simmons announced his candidacy for Connecticut State Senate in the 36th district, encompassing parts of Greenwich and Stamford, against Republican Ryan Fazio. In September 2024, he was endorsed by the Independent Party of Connecticut.

Connecticut's 36th State Senate district
Connecticut's 36th State Senate district elects one member of the Connecticut State Senate. The district consists of the towns of Greenwich, North Stamford, and portions of Stamford, New Canaan, and Newfield-Westover-Turn of River. It has been represented by Ryan Fazio since 2021.
Joe Benning
Joseph Charles Benning (born December 7, 1956) is an American politician and a Republican who served as a member of the Vermont Senate representing Caledonia District from 2011 to 2023. He served as the Senate's Minority leader from January 2013 to January 2017, when he was succeeded by Dustin Allard Degree.  In late 2017, Degree resigned from the Senate, and Benning was again chosen by the Senate's Republicans to serve as Minority Leader.

Born in Long Branch, New Jersey, Benning graduated from Mater Dei High School in 1975. He earned a B.A. in Social Science from Lyndon State College in 1979 and a J.D. from the Vermont Law School in 1983.

Benning is former Chair of Vermont's Human Rights Commission and former member of the Board of Trustees for the Vermont State Colleges. He was elected to the Vermont Senate in 2010.

Vermont State Colleges
The Vermont State Colleges System (VSCS) is the system of public colleges in the U.S. state of Vermont. It was created by act of the Vermont General Assembly in 1961. There are presently two entities in the VSCS consortium, the Community College of Vermont and the Vermont State University. Together, more than 11,000 students are enrolled in the constituent colleges.
Cake & Ice Cream
Cake & Ice Cream is the 14th studio album by American rapper Messy Marv. It peaked at No. 49 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and at No. 42 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. It is the first album of his Cake & Ice Cream trilogy and includes guest appearances from Gucci Mane, Yukmouth and Keak da Sneak, among others.

Keak da Sneak
Charles Kente Williams (né Bowens; born October 21, 1977), better known by his stage name Keak da Sneak, is an American rapper from Oakland, California. He is known for his gravelly voice, for coining the term "hyphy" in 1994, and for his contributions to the hyphy movement.

He has collaborated frequently with fellow West Coast rapper E-40.
Gary Goldschneider
Gary Goldschneider (22 May 1939 – 5 October 2019) was a writer, pianist, composer, and personologist. He is known for writing the Secret Language personological book series, based on astrology, numerology, and tarot, in which he studied and assessed character traits of over 14,000 people to generalize birth characteristics for each day of the year. In addition, Goldschneider has performed several "marathon" piano pieces, such as playing all 32 of Beethoven's sonatas in one sitting. Goldschneider's most successful Beethoven Marathon took place in Amsterdam on August 19, 1984. Attended by an estimated 10.000 people it made front-page headlines all over the country.

On other occasions in Nevada City, California, in 1984, and in Amsterdam in 1985, he performed all of Mozart's sonatas in one sitting. This took approximately six hours. Goldschneider also was a prolific composer.

Sonata
In music, a sonata (/səˈnɑːtə/; pl. sonate) is a piece that consists of 3 or 4 movements that can be for different musical instruments.: 17  The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms until the Classical era, when it took on increasing importance. Sonata is a vague term, with varying meanings depending on the context and time period. By the early 19th century it came to represent a principle of composing large-scale works. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded—alongside the fugue—as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music. Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and 21st-century sonatas maintain the overarching structure.

The term sonatina, pl. sonatine, the diminutive form of sonata, is often used for a short or technically easy sonata.