hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lift (mathematics)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, given a morphism f: X → Y and a morphism g: Z → Y, a lift or lifting of f to Z is a morphism h: X → Z such that f = g ∘ h (in terms of the composition operator). We say that f factors through h.

Lifts are ubiquitous; for example, the definition of fibrations (see Homotopy lifting property) and the valuative criteria of separated and proper maps of schemes are formulated in terms of existence and (in the last case) uniqueness of certain lifts.

In algebraic topology and homological algebra, tensor product and the Hom functor are adjoint; however, they might not always lift to an exact sequence. This leads to the definition of the Tor functor and the Ext functor.

Tor functor
In mathematics, the Tor functors are the derived functors of the tensor product of modules over a ring. Along with the Ext functor, Tor is one of the central concepts of homological algebra, in which ideas from algebraic topology are used to construct invariants of algebraic structures. The homology of groups, Lie algebras, and associative algebras can all be defined in terms of Tor. The name comes from a relation between the first Tor group Tor1 and the torsion subgroup of an abelian group.

In the special case of abelian groups, Tor was introduced by Eduard Čech in 1935 and named by Samuel Eilenberg around 1950. It was first applied to the Künneth theorem and universal coefficient theorem in topology. For modules over any ring, Ext was defined by Henri Cartan and Eilenberg in 1956.
Hartley Booth
Vernon Edward Hartley Booth (born 17 July 1946) is a former British Conservative Party politician. From 1999 to 2012 he was chairman of the Uzbek British Trade and Industry Council at UK Trade & Investment.

UK Trade & Investment
UK Trade & Investment (UKTI) was a UK Government department working with businesses based in the United Kingdom to assist their success in international markets, and with overseas investors looking to the UK as an investment destination. It was replaced in July 2016 by the Department for International Trade.
Devilsmother
Devilsmother is a 645-metre-high (2,116 ft) mountain in Connemara, Ireland. Devilsmother is in the Partry Mountains, at the head of Killary Harbour, overlooking the Western Way long-distance path. It sits on the border between County Galway (to the south) and County Mayo (to the north).

Western Way
The Western Way (Irish: Bealach an Iarthair) is a long-distance trail in Ireland. It is 179 kilometres (111 miles) long and begins in Oughterard, County Galway and ends in Ballycastle, County Mayo. It is typically completed in seven days. It is designated as a National Waymarked Trail by the National Trails Office of the Irish Sports Council and is managed by Coillte, Galway County Council, Mayo County Council, South Mayo Development Company and Mayo North & East Development Company.
Artur Silva (artist)
Artur Silva (born 1976) is a Brazilian artist who works in Indianapolis in the United States. His work has been shown at the Ludwig Foundation, the VanAbbe Museum, the Smart Museum, the Indiana State Museum, and the Centro Cultural de España. His work has resulted in awards and fellowships, including from the Pollock-Krasner Foundation, the Foundation for Contemporary Arts, the Arts Council of Indianapolis, the Efroymson Contemporary Art Fellowship from the Central Indiana Community Foundation, and the Christel DeHaan Artist of Distinction Award.

Christel DeHaan
Christel DeHaan (née Stark, October 20, 1942 – June 6, 2020) was a German-American businesswoman and philanthropist who was the owner of Resort Condominiums International and the founder of Christel House International.
Tony Taylor (American football)
Tony Taylor (born July 21, 1984) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs.

Taylor was also a member of the Seattle Seahawks and the Virginia Destroyers of the United Football League (UFL).

Virginia Destroyers
The Virginia Destroyers were a professional American football team based in Virginia Beach, Virginia. They began play in the United Football League (UFL) in the 2011 season. They played their home games at the Virginia Beach Sportsplex.

The team succeeded the Florida Tuskers, a charter UFL franchise based in Orlando, Florida, from 2009 to 2010. The Tuskers appeared in the first two UFL championship games, losing both to the Las Vegas Locomotives. In 2010, the league suspended the Tuskers' operations and moved the remnants of the team to Virginia Beach to assume the identity (and some executive staff) of a previously announced expansion team that was to begin play in 2011.

The Destroyers' business license expired on March 1, 2013; the team had effectively ceased operations several weeks earlier.
Leporano
Leporano (Salentino: Luprànë) is a town and comune in the province of Taranto, in the Apulia region of southeast Italy. The municipality of Leporano is a little maritime town at the Ionian Sea.

The noble family of the princes of Leporano is named after the town.

Salentino dialect
Salentino (salentinu; salintinu; salentino) is an Extreme Southern Italian dialect (italiano meridionale estremo in Italian), spoken in the Salento peninsula, situated in the south of the Apulia region of Italy.
Kathukonda Ayyanar Temple
Sri Katthukonda Ayyanar Temple is a historic Hindu temple located on the Sundarapandiapuram,  near Tenkasi, Tamil Nadu, India. It is dedicated to an Ayyanar, or guardian folk deity, named Sri Katthukonda Ayyanar. The temple forms the heart and lifeline of the 500-year-old town of Tenkasi.

The temple is maintained by people belonging to Vishwakarma (caste) and Vanniyar communities from Rajapalayam, Vasudevanalloor, Tenkasi, Sundarapandiapuram, and Surandai Vishwakarma. People from these towns meet together on every Sri Maha Shivarathri Pooja for their Kulatheiva (clan god).

The local people believe that this temple is powerful, solves their problems and helps them to achieve their needs and aims.

Tenkasi
Tenkasi (Tamil: [t̪eŋɡaːsi]) is a Municipality and headquarters of the Tenkasi district in Indian state of Tamil Nadu.Tenkasi is the third largest city in Tenkasi district after Kadayanallur and Sankarankovil.

Being one of the most significant spiritual and cultural places in South Tamilnadu, Tenkasi houses The Kutraleeshwarar temple (Chitra Sabha), one of the five sabhas of Lord Nataraja, an incarnation of Lord Shiva. Tamil poet Thirikooda Rasappa Kavirayar describes this temple in his poem as “Kutrala Kuravanji” which means 'beauty of Kutralam'. the city also houses the famous TenKasi Viswanathar temple, Sankarankoil temple and Ilangi Kumarar temple.
Plossig
Plossig is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Annaburg. The municipality belonged to the administrative community (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Annaburg-Prettin.

Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county.
Albaranzeuli bianco
Albaranzeuli bianco is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown primarily in Sardinia. Ampelographers used to believe that the grape was originally Spanish in origin and was introduced to the island when it was ruled by the Crown of Aragon. Recent DNA profiling has suggested that the grape may have originated on the island as a crossing between the red Sardinian wine grape Girò and the Spanish table grape Molinera, known locally as Pansa Rosa di Málaga and distinct from the Veneto wine grape Molinara that is used in Amarone. A pink skinned grape known as Albaranzeuli nero is also found in Sardinia but its exact relationship to Albaranzeuli bianco is not yet clear.

Amarone
Amarone della Valpolicella, usually known as Amarone (UK: /ˌæməˈroʊneɪ, -ni/, Italian: [amaˈroːne]), is an Italian DOCG denomination of typically rich dry red wine made from the partially dried grapes of the Corvina (45–95%, of which up to 50% could be substituted with Corvinone), Rondinella (5–30%) and other approved red grape varieties (up to 25%).

Valpolicella is in the province of Verona, within the large Veneto region.

In Italian, the name Amarone literally means 'Great Bitter'; originally, this was to distinguish it from the Recioto produced in the same region, which is sweeter in taste.
Wu Heling
Wu Heling (simplified Chinese: 吴鹤龄; traditional Chinese: 吳鶴齡; pinyin: Wú Hèlíng; 1896 – 1980) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was born in Harqin Right Banner, Josutu League (now Harqin Banner, Chifeng), Inner Mongolia. His Mongolian name was Ünenbayal. He was ethnic Mongol, and participated in the Mongolian Autonomous Movement. Heling became an important politician in the Mongolian United Autonomous Government and the Mongolian Autonomous Federation (蒙古自治邦).

Josutu League
The Josutu League (Mongolian: ǰosutu-yin čiɣulɣan, ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ Chinese: 卓索圖盟; pinyin: Zhuōsuǒtú Méng) was the southernmost league of Inner Mongolia during Qing rule. It occupied land that forms part of the modern-day Chinese provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, and Chifeng in China's Inner Mongolia.

The name of Josutu was named after a place in the Tumed Right (wing) Banner (not Tumed Right Banner), where Mongol princes regularly gathered together to administer inter-banner affairs.
Kevin Graber
Kevin Graber (born June 23, 1969 in Albany, New York) is an American baseball coach and coordinator in the Chicago Cubs organization. In 2023, he managed the Cubs' double A affiliate (Tennessee Smokies) to its first outright Southern League Championship in 45 years.

Knoxville Smokies
The Knoxville Smokies are a  Minor League Baseball team based in Knoxville, Tennessee. The team, which plays in the Southern League, is the Double-A affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. The team was based in Kodak, Tennessee, a Knoxville suburb, from 2000 to 2024 as the Tennessee Smokies at Smokies Stadium. The team moved into Covenant Health Park in Knoxville in 2025. The team's nickname refers to the Great Smoky Mountains which permeate the region; mountains in the chain are often clouded in a hazy mist that may appear as smoke rising from the forest.
Roger McHugh
Roger Joseph McHugh (24 July 1908 – 1 January 1987) was an Irish academic, author, playwright, politician and Irish republican.

He was educated Our Lady's Bower, Athlone; Synge Street CBS, Dublin and University College Dublin (UCD).

McHugh was a supporter of a minor Irish Republican political party Córas na Poblachta and a friend of Irish Republican Army leader Seamus O'Donovan. In 1939 McHugh was interned by the Irish Free State at the Curragh internment camp.

He was elected to Seanad Éireann as an independent member in 1954 by the National University constituency. He lost his seat at the 1957 election.

In 1965 he became Professor of English at UCD and in 1966 he was appointed the first Professor of Anglo–Irish Literature and Drama.

He wrote two plays, each produced at the Abbey Theatre: Trial at Green Street courthouse (1941), and Rossa (1945).

National University of Ireland (constituency)
National University of Ireland (NUI)  is a university constituency in Ireland, which elects three senators to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The electorate is composed of graduates of the university and its constituent universities.

The university constituency formerly elected members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (1918–1921), to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland (1921), and to the Dáil Éireann (1922–1937).
Mary Agnes Briand
Marie Louise Françoise Briand, in religion Mother Mary Agnes (March 22, 1870, in La Prénessaye – March 17, 1955, on the island of Makogai in Fiji) was a French Catholic nun, Marist missionary in Fiji, . She was regional superior for the Fiji Islands of the Missionary Sisters of the Society of Mary from 1908 to 1946. Devoted to lepers in the Pacific, she was the director of the Makogai leper colony from 1916 to 1950, one of the largest in the world. She was awarded with the Order of the Legion of Honor and the Order of the British Empire.

Society of Mary (Marists)
The Society of Mary (Latin: Societas Mariæ), better known as the Marists, is a Catholic religious congregation of pontifical right. Founded in Cerdon, France, by Jean-Claude Colin, the Society of Mary was recognized by an apostolic brief on April 29, 1836, and is made up of several branches (fathers, brothers, sisters, third order).
Man v. Food season 3
The third season of the food reality television series, Man v. Food, premiered on the Travel Channel June 16, 2010, at 9 pm Eastern Time. On Man v. Food, the host, actor and food enthusiast Adam Richman, visits a different city to sample the "big food" of its local eateries before taking on a pre-existing eating challenge at one of the local restaurants.

The final third-season tally wound up at 12 wins for Man and 9 wins for Food (despite technically finishing his challenge in Indianapolis, Adam called it a victory for Food).

Travel Channel
Travel Channel (stylized as Trvl Channel since 2018) is an American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, who previously owned the channel from 1997 to 2007. The channel is headquartered in Manhattan, with offices in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Knoxville, Tennessee.

Travel Channel features documentaries, reality, and how-to shows related to travel and leisure around the United States and throughout the world. Programming has included shows on African animal safaris, tours of grand hotels and resorts, visits to significant cities and towns around the world, programming about various foods around the world, and programming about ghosts and the paranormal in notable buildings.

As of November 2023, Travel Channel is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 96,000,000 households.
Carol Lynn Curchoe
Carol Lynn Curchoe (born in 1979 in Manchester, Connecticut), formerly Carol George, is an American reproductive biologist specializing in Molecular biology, Cell biology and Biotechnology. Her key contributions to those fields include advances in stem cell culture, epigenetics and reprogramming. She is the former Utah State Science Advisor, President and CEO of 32ATPs, domestic outreach director of We Love GMO's and Vaccines and an author of personal essays and fiction.

Sanford Burnham Prebys
32°54′04″N 117°14′31″W﻿ / ﻿32.901192°N 117.241937°W﻿ / 32.901192; -117.241937

Sanford Burnham Prebys is an American nonprofit biomedical research institute located in La Jolla, California, conducting biomedical and translational research, including stem cell and drug discovery studies. It operates a National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center and conducts genomics research.
Kodam XVIII/Kasuari
Komando Daerah Militer XVIII/Kasuari (XVIII Military Region Command/Cassowary) (often abbreviated "Kodam XVIII / Cassowary"), is the Defense Regional Command in Southwest Papua, and West Papua Province, which was created in 2016 with the division of parts of Kodam XVII/Cenderawasih which is located in Jayapura, Papua Province.

Manokwari
Manokwari is a coastal town and the capital of the Indonesian province of West Papua. It is one of only seven provincial capitals of Indonesia without a city status. It is also the administrative seat of Manokwari Regency. Under proposals under consideration by the Indonesian Parliament, it was planned to split Manokwari town off from the regency and turn it into a separate city; however this process has been suspended in the light of the Government moratorium since 2013 on the creation of new regencies and cities. The majority of Manokwari residents are Christians and the town is one of the seats of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Manokwari–Sorong. The town was formerly known by Europeans as Dory, Doréry or Dorey.
Bomberai languages
The languages of the Bomberai Peninsula of Indonesian New Guinea fall into several groups:

West Bomberai languages (Papuan, west and south)

Irarutu language (Austronesian, most of the interior)

North Bomberai languages (Austronesian, off the coast)

Bedoanas–Erokwanas languages (minor Austronesian languages labeled 'Bomberai' in Ethnologue)

Bomberai Peninsula
Bomberai Peninsula (Indonesian: Semenanjung Bomberai) is located in the Western New Guinea region. It is south of the Bird's Head Peninsula, and Bintuni Bay separates the two peninsulas. To the west lies the Sebakor Bay and to the south Kamrau Bay. On the southeast Arguni Bay lies between the peninsula and the Bird's Neck Isthmus.

Sabuda island lies off the western tip of the peninsula, and is separated from the mainland by Berau and Bintuni straits.
P. Prasad
P. Prasad  is an Indian politician, social worker and environmentalist from Kerala.  He is currently serving as a Minister for Agriculture, Government of Kerala;  represents Cherthala constituency  in 15th Kerala Legislative Assembly. He is executive committee member of Communist Party of India.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Proctor Building (Libertyville, Illinois)
The Proctor Building is a historic hotel and commercial building at 520-30 N. Milwaukee Avenue in Libertyville, Illinois. The building was constructed in 1903 during a period of commercial growth in Libertyville spurred by new passenger rail connections to Chicago. The three brothers R.J., C.W., and R.E. Proctor and their cousin E.W. Proctor were the original owners of the building, which was the largest of Libertyville's three hotels when it opened. Architect William G. Krieg designed the building, which features three-sided oriel windows and an elaborate limestone entrance to the hotel. Major businesses such as A&P, Woolworth's, and Jewel occupied the building's first-floor commercial spaces, while the second-floor hotel hosted visitors and became a focal point of the city's business and social circles.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 1998.

Oriel window
An oriel window is a form of bay window which protrudes from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground. Supported by corbels, brackets, or similar cantilevers, an oriel window generally projects from an upper floor, but is also sometimes used on the ground floor.
Sports entertainment
Sports entertainment is a type of spectacle which presents an ostensibly competitive event using a high level of theatrical flourish and extravagant presentation, with the purpose of entertaining an audience. Unlike typical sports and games, which are conducted for competition, sportsmanship, physical exercise or personal recreation, the primary product of sports entertainment is performance for an audience's benefit. Commonly, but not in all cases, the outcomes are predetermined; as this is an open secret, it is not considered to be match fixing.

Open secret
An open secret is information that was originally intended to be confidential but has at some point been disclosed and is known to many people. Open secrets are secrets in the sense that they are excluded from formal or official discourse, but they are open in the sense that they are familiar and referred to in idioms and language games, though these often require explanation for outsiders.
The Promise of a Future
The Promise of a Future is the eighth studio album by South African jazz musician Hugh Masekela released via Uni Records label. It was recorded in March 1968 in Los Angeles, California. The album was re-released on CD in 1993 on One Way label.  The Promise of a Future features Masekela's version of a famous instrumental composition "Grazing in the Grass".

Grazing in the Grass
"Grazing in the Grass" is an instrumental composed by Philemon Hou and first recorded by the South African trumpeter Hugh Masekela. Released in the United States as a single in 1968, it followed United States trumpeter Herb Alpert's vocal performance of "This Guy's in Love with You" to the top spot on the Hot 100 chart, ranking it as the 18th biggest hit of the year. The song also reached No. 15 Adult Contemporary. Masekela included the song in his albums Grazing in the Grass: The Best of Hugh Masekela (2001), Still Grazing (2004), and Live at the Market Theatre (2006).

Masekela's recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2018.

A vocal version by American vocal group The Friends of Distinction, with lyrics by band member Harry Elston, was a US chart hit in 1969.  "Grazing in the Grass" has been recorded by many other musicians.
Platyptilia gonodactyla
Platyptilia gonodactyla, also known as the triangle plume, is a moth of the family Pterophoridae found in temperate Asia and Europe. It was first described by the Austrian entomologists, Michael Denis & Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Charles Frend
Charles Herbert Frend (21 November 1909, Pulborough, Sussex – 8 January 1977, London) was an English film director and editor, best known for his films produced at Ealing Studios. He began directing in the early 1940s and is known for such films as Scott of the Antarctic (1948) and The Cruel Sea (1953).

Guns in the Heather
Guns in the Heather is a 1969 Walt Disney adventure film directed by Robert Butler and produced by Ron Miller. It stars Kurt Russell, Glenn Corbett and Alfred Burke.  It was originally broadcast in parts on Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color in the United States under the title Guns in the Heather, then re-edited for a European theatrical release under the English title, The Secret of Boyne Castle.  It was re-broadcast on American television in 1978 under the title Spy-Busters.  The story is based on the 1963 novel Guns in the Heather, by Lockhart Amerman.

The film was primarily shot on location in Ireland (St. Flannan's College in Ennis, Corkscrew Hill, Corofin and Kilfenora, County Clare feature) with additional scenes shot at Pinewood Studios near London, England.
Bessines-sur-Gartempe
Bessines-sur-Gartempe (French pronunciation: [bɛsin syʁ ɡaʁtɑ̃p], literally Bessines on Gartempe; Limousin: Becinas) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

Haute-Vienne
Haute-Vienne (French: [ot vjɛn]; Occitan: Nauta Vinhana or Nauta Viena), also translated as Upper Vienne, is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwest-central France. Named after the Vienne River, it is one of the twelve départements that together constitute Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The prefecture and largest city in the department is Limoges, the other towns in the department each having fewer than twenty thousand inhabitants. Haute-Vienne had a population of 372,359 in 2019.