hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gary Adler
Gary Adler is an American composer and musical director based in New York. He received two 2005 Drama Desk nominations (along with Michael Patrick Walker) for his music and lyrics for the off-Broadway show Altar Boyz, which had its premiere in the New York Musical Theatre Festival the year before. As a composer, he has written songs for Disney Channel's Johnny and the Sprites and Dance Dance Revolution, which Les Freres Corbusier presented in December 2008. He is a graduate of the University of Michigan, where he studied under William Bolcom

He has served as the musical director for numerous shows, most notably Avenue Q. His other NYC conducting credits include Chita Rivera: The Dancer's Life, Urinetown, The Fantasticks and Nunsense.

Urinetown
Urinetown: The Musical is a satirical comedy musical that premiered in 2001, with music by Mark Hollmann, lyrics by Hollmann and Greg Kotis, and book by Kotis. It satirizes the legal system, capitalism, social irresponsibility, populism, bureaucracy, corporate mismanagement, and municipal politics. The show also parodies musicals such as The Threepenny Opera, Fiddler on the Roof, The Cradle Will Rock and Les Misérables, and the Broadway musical itself as a form.
Škrlatica
Škrlatica, historically also known as Suhi plaz, is a mountain in the Slovenian Julian Alps. With its summit at 2,740m above sea level, it is the second-highest peak in Slovenia (after Triglav at 2,864m) and the third highest in the Julian Alps as a whole (after Triglav and Jôf di Montasio / Montaž at 2,754m).

Despite its height, the mountain has a low prominence, as its peak is part of a long, curtain-like ridge.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Right to a fair trial
A fair trial is a trial which is "conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge". Various rights associated with a fair trial are explicitly proclaimed in Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, Magna Carta upon which the prior amendments are based, and Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights, in addition to numerous other constitutions and declarations throughout the world. There is no binding international law that defines what is not a fair trial; for example, the right to a jury trial and other important procedures vary from nation to nation.

Inter-American Court of Human Rights
9°55′49.58″N 84°3′24.98″W﻿ / ﻿9.9304389°N 84.0569389°W﻿ / 9.9304389; -84.0569389

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (I/A Court H.R.) is an international court based in San José, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it was formed by the American Convention on Human Rights, a human rights treaty ratified by members of the Organization of American States (OAS).

Pursuant to American Convention, the Inter-American Court works with the Inter-American Commission to uphold and promote basic rights and freedoms. It has jurisdiction within around 20 of the 35 member states in the American continent that have taken steps to accede to its authority, the vast majority in Latin America. The court adjudicates claims of human rights violations by governments, and issues advisory opinions on interpretations of certain legal matters. Twenty-nine OAS members are also members of the wider-scale International Criminal Court.
1993 Nabisco Dinah Shore
The 1993 Nabisco Dinah Shore was a women's professional golf tournament, held March 25–28 at Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. This was the 22nd edition of the Nabisco Dinah Shore, and the eleventh as a major championship.

Helen Alfredsson won her only major title, two strokes ahead of three runners-up. From Sweden, she was the first non-American to win the event as a major. Alfredsson was the rookie of the year the previous season; this was the first of her seven wins on the LPGA Tour.

Women's major golf championships
Women's golf has a set of major championships, a series of tournaments designated to be of a higher status than other tournaments. Five tournaments are currently designated as 'majors' in women's golf by the LPGA.

The LPGA's list of majors has changed in constitution since the first major was held at the Women's Western Open in 1930. There have been four different periods, 1930 to 1972, 1973 to 2000, 2001 to 2013, and the current version which began in 2014. The current version of tournaments is the Chevron Championship, The Evian Championship, U.S. Women's Open, Women's PGA Championship, The Women's Open.
Turun Toverit
Turun Toverit (TuTo) is a sports club based in Turku, Finland. It was established in 1929. Today it is best known of its ice hockey section TuTo Hockey. Other sections include sports like football, basketball, volleyball, wrestling and athletics. TuTo is a member of Finnish Workers' Sports Federation.

Most famous TuTo-athlete of all-time is Voitto Hellstén, the 400 metres bronze medalist at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres was an event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. The competition was held on 28 & 29 of November. Times are listed as both hand timing and automatic timing. Hand timing was the official time used in the 1956 Olympics. Forty-two athletes from 23 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress.

The event was won by 0.26 seconds by Charles Jenkins Sr. of the United States, the nation's 8th title in the event and breaking a two-Games string of victories by Jamaican runners. Karl-Friedrich Haas's silver was the first medal in the event by the "United Team" of Germany, though Germany had medaled in 1912 and 1928. Finland and the Soviet Union each claimed their first men's 400 metres medals as well with a tie for bronze between Voitto Hellstén and Ardalion Ignatyev.
M1156 precision guidance kit
The M1156 precision guidance kit (PGK), formerly XM1156, is a U.S. Army-designed precision guidance system to turn existing 155 mm artillery shells into smart weapons. The prime contractor was Alliant Techsystems – later merging with Orbital Sciences Corporation to form Orbital ATK, in turn being taken over by Northrop Grumman and renamed Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems – and the industry team includes Interstate Electronics Corporation. By April 2018, more than 25,000 PGKs had been produced.

Orbital ATK
Orbital ATK Inc. was an American aerospace manufacturer and defense industry company. It was formed in February 9, 2015 from the merger of Orbital Sciences Corporation and parts of Alliant Techsystems (ATK). Orbital ATK designed, built, and delivered rocket engines, military vehicles, firearms, autocannons, missiles, ammunition, precision-guided munitions, satellites, missile approach warning systems, launch vehicles and spacecraft. The company was acquired by Northrop Grumman on June 6, 2018. The former Orbital ATK operations were renamed Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems and operated as a division until January 1, 2020 when a reorganization merged the operations into the company's other divisions.
Edward Hammond (priest)
Edward Hammond was a priest in England during the 18th century.

Hammond was born in London and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was incorporated at Cambridge in 1731, in which year he became Vicar of Chippenham. He was Archdeacon of Dorset from 1733 until 1761.

Ad eundem degree
An ad eundem degree is an academic degree awarded by one university or college to an alumnus of another, in a process commonly known as incorporation. The recipient of the ad eundem degree is often a faculty member at the institution which awards the degree, e.g. at the University of Cambridge, where incorporation is expressly limited to a person who "has been admitted to a University office or a Headship or a Fellowship (other than an Honorary Fellowship) of a College, or holds a post in the University Press ... or is a Head-elect or designate of a College".

An ad eundem degree is not an earned degree.
Grabow Altarpiece
The Grabow Altarpiece (also known as the Petri Altar) was painted by Master Bertram around 1379–1383. Originally located in St. Petri church, it is now in the Hamburger Kunsthalle in Hamburg, Germany.

It includes the earliest known depiction of the Rest on the Flight into Egypt 
(lower row, last section on the right).

Hamburger Kunsthalle
The Hamburger Kunsthalle is the art museum of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is one of the largest art museums in the country. It consists of three connected buildings, dating from 1869 (main building), 1921 (Kuppelsaal) and 1997 (Galerie der Gegenwart), located in the Altstadt district between the Hauptbahnhof (central train station) and the two Alster lakes.

The name Kunsthalle indicates the museum's history as an 'art hall' when it was founded in 1850. Today, it  houses one of the few art collections in Germany that cover seven centuries of European art, from the Middle Ages to the present day. Its permanent collections focus on North German painting of the 14th century, paintings by Dutch, Flemish and Italian artists of the 16th and 17th centuries, French and German drawings and paintings of the 19th century, and international modern and contemporary art.
Duke Dao of Qin
Duke Dao of Qin (Chinese: 秦悼公; pinyin: Qín Dào Gōng; died 477 BC), personal name unknown, was a duke of the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty.

Duke Dao succeeded his father Duke Hui I, who died in 492 BC, as ruler of Qin. Duke Dao reigned for 15 years and died in 477 BC. He was succeeded by his son Duke Ligong.

Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".
Patrick Crotty
Patrick Joseph Crotty (23 November 1902 – 26 November 1970) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency from 1948 to 1969.

He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1948 general election, and re-elected five times, at the 1951, 1954, 1957, 1961 and 1965 general elections. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1954 to 1957.

Crotty did not contest the 1969 general election, but his son Kieran Crotty was elected for the same constituency at that election.

1961 Irish general election
The 1961 Irish general election to the 17th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 4 October, following the dissolution of the 16th Dáil on 15 September by President Éamon de Valera on the request of Taoiseach Seán Lemass. The general election took place in 38 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, which had been reduced in size by three seats from the previous election by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1961. Fianna Fáil lost its majority but remained the dominant party.

The 17th Dáil met at Leinster House on 11 October to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Lemass was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 10th government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna Fáil government.
Pōmare dynasty
The Pōmare dynasty was the reigning family of the Kingdom of Tahiti between the unification of the islands by Pōmare I in 1788 and Pōmare V's cession of the kingdom to France in 1880. Their influence once spanned most of the Society Islands, the Austral Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago.

The scientific name Pomarea of the Polynesian monarch flycatchers was established in honour of this dynasty. It was first used for the species from Tahiti by René Lesson and Prosper Garnot, and subsequently for the entire genus.

Pomarea
Pomarea is a genus of birds in the monarch flycatcher family Monarchidae. The genus is restricted to the islands of Polynesia. The monarchs of this genus are around 15–19 cm long and most have sexually dimorphic plumage.
Phalaena
Phalaena is an obsolete genus of Lepidoptera used by Carl Linnaeus to house most moths.

Phalaena was one of three genera used by Linnaeus to cover all Lepidoptera. Papilio included all butterflies at that time, Sphinx included all hawk moths, and Phalaena included all the remaining moths. The type species was Phalaena typica (now Naenia typica in the family Noctuidae).

Phalaena has been declared a nomen rejiciendum by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, for the purposes of priority, but not homonymy. Seven subgenera were raised to the rank of genus as follows:

Alucita Linnaeus, 1767 – Alucitidae

Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 – Saturniidae

Bombyx Linnaeus, 1758 – Bombycidae

Geometra Linnaeus, 1758 – Geometridae

Noctua Linnaeus, 1758 – Noctuidae

Pyralis Linnaeus, 1758 – Pyralidae

Tinea Linnaeus, 1758 – Tineidae

Tortrix Linnaeus, 1758 – Tortricidae

Gothic (moth)
The Gothic (Naenia typica) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is distributed in temperate Eurasia, in the Palearctic realm, including Europe, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Armenia, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, Altai Mountains, and west and central Siberia.

The forewings are broader than those of most other noctuids, and blackish with a network of fine white lines. The pattern is supposedly reminiscent of some elements of Gothic architecture. The hindwings are grey. The species flies at night in June and July in the British Isles. It sometimes comes to light but is not generally strongly attracted. By contrast, it is strongly attracted to sugar and flowers.
2025 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector by-elections
The 2025 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector by-elections was held on 7 September 2025 to fill the 93 seats across 28 subsectors of the 1,500-member Election Committee, plus 10 appointed seats through nominations by designated organisations. The Election Committee, which significantly gained power after the political reform in 2021, would select 40 out of the 90 seats in the Legislative Council in December, and the new Chief Executive in 2027.

Nominations opened between 22 July and 4 August, followed by national security vetting through the Candidate Eligibility Review Committee. Amongst the 93 vacancies, 72 seats are uncontested and the respective candidates are expected to be elected automatically. At least a quarter of the candidates are District Councillors, ten are senior executives of Chinese corporations, and two were government officials (former Director-General of Civil Aviation Li Tin-chui and former Assistant Director of Planning Amy Cheung).

Civil Aviation Department (Hong Kong)
The Civil Aviation Department (CAD) is the civil aviation authority of Hong Kong, headquartered at Hong Kong International Airport. The department is responsible for providing air traffic control services to all aircraft operating within the Hong Kong Flight Information Region. It reports to the Transport and Logistics Bureau of the Hong Kong Government. The current Director-General of Civil Aviation is Victor Liu Chi-yung.

The CAD was also responsible for managing the former Hong Kong International Airport at Kai Tak, until it was retired and replaced by the new Hong Kong International Airport managed by the Airport Authority.

During British rule, CAD was not a sub-unit of the British Civil Aviation Authority. Since 1997, CAD maintains independence from the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
Rubberman (film)
Rubberman is a 1996 Filipino superhero comedy film edited and directed by Edgardo "Boy" Vinarao. The film stars Michael V., who wrote the story, in the title role. It was one of the entries in the 1996 Metro Manila Film Festival.

Superhero film
The superhero film is a film genre categorized by the presence of superhero characters, individuals with extraordinary abilities who are dedicated to fighting crime, saving the world, or helping the innocent. It is sometimes considered a sub-genre of the action film genre and has evolved into one of the most financially successful film genres worldwide. These films focus on superhuman abilities, advanced technology, mystical phenomena, or exceptional physical and mental skills that enable these heroes to fight for the common good or defeat a supervillain antagonist.

Superhero films typically include genre elements of romance, comedy, fantasy, and science fiction, with large instances of the superhero genre predominantly occupied and produced by American media franchises DC and Marvel, originally adaptations of their existing works of superhero comic books. Individual superhero films frequently contain a character's origin story.
Doll Mountain
Doll Mountain, 1,930 feet (590 m), is a prominent peak in the Taconic Mountains of western Massachusetts. The mountain is located in Pittsfield State Forest. The summit is wooded and trailless, but the multi-use Doll Mountain Trail traverses its northern slopes. The mountain is wooded with northern hardwood tree species.

Doll Mountain is located within Hancock, Massachusetts. The Taconic ridgeline continues north from Doll Mountain as Smith Mountain, south as Holy Mount and its ridge spur called Mount Lebanon, and to the east as Shaker Mountain. It is bordered by West Hill and The Knob to the west across the Wyomanock Creek valley. The west side of the mountain drains into Wyomanock Creek, then into Kinderhook Creek, thence into the Hudson River and Long Island Sound. The east side drains into Lily Brook, thence to the Housatonic River and Long Island Sound.

Housatonic River
The Housatonic River (/ˌhuːsəˈtɒnɪk/ HOOS-ə-TON-ik) is an approximately 149 mi (240 km) long river in western Massachusetts and western Connecticut in the United States. It flows south to southeast, and drains about 1,950 square miles (5,100 km2) of southwestern Connecticut into Long Island Sound.
Bethel Green
Bethel Green, also known as the James Bumgardner House, is a historic home located near Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia. The farmhouse was completed in 1857, and is a two-story, square brick dwelling with a double-pile, central passage plan, and two-story, rear service ell.  It features a one-story Greek Ionic order portico with fancy scrolled lattice, rear porches with Gothic railings, and bracketed cornices. Also on the property are a contributing bank barn, granary, and shed.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Bank barn
A bank barn or banked barn is a style of barn which is accessible from the ground, on two separate levels. Often built into the side of a hill or bank, the upper and the lower floors could both be accessed from the ground, one area at the top of the hill and the other at the bottom. The second level of a bank barn could also be accessed from a ramp if a hill was unavailable.

Examples of bank barns can be found in the United Kingdom, in the United States, in eastern Canada, in Norway, in the Dordogne in France, and in Umbria, Italy, among other places.
Expected marginal seat revenue
EMSR stands for Expected Marginal Seat Revenue and is a very popular heuristic in  Revenue Management. There are two versions: EMSRa and EMSRb, both of which were introduced by Peter Belobaba. Both methods are for n-class, static, single-resource problems. Because the models are static some assumptions apply: classes are indexed in such a way that the fare for the highest class, , is higher than the fare for the next highest class, , so  >  > ... > ; demand arrives in a strict low to high order in stages that are indexed with j as well; demand for class j is distributed with cdf . For simplicity it is also assumed that demand, capacity and the distributions are continuous, although it is not very difficult to drop this assumption.

Revenue management
Revenue management (RM) is a discipline that aims to maximize profit primarily by adjusting pricing and managing occupancy. The strategy is used in hotel management, selling event tickets and airfare, retail promotions, software licensing, and other industries. It is seen by some as synonymous with yield management.
Kill Sera Sera
Kill Sera Sera (Chinese: 谁杀了她) is a Singaporean crime mystery television series starring Jessica Hsuan, James Wen, Christopher Lee, Xu Bin, Chantalle Ng, Damien Teo, Kiki Lim, Zhang Xinxiang and Lynn Lim. Produced by August Pictures, the series premiered in January 2024 and is currently airing on Singapore meWATCH.

Mewatch
mewatch, formerly known as Toggle, is a Singaporean digital video on demand service owned and operated by Mediacorp. It was launched on 1 February 2013 as an over-the-top media service  and an entertainment and lifestyle website Toggle.

On 1 April 2015, xinmsn, a joint venture between MediaCorp and Microsoft, was closed down and merged with Toggle. Before this, the brand co-existed with the Toggle service. On 30 January 2020, Toggle was renamed as mewatch.
Monimus (general)
Monimus (/ˈmɒnəməs/; Ancient Greek: Μόνιμος; fl. 4th century BC), son of Pythion, was a Macedonian officer who espoused the cause of Olympias in her final struggle with Cassander, and was one of the last who remained faithful to her; but finding himself unable to relieve her at Pydna, he withdrew to Pella, which city he held for a time, but surrendered it to Cassander after the fall of Pydna, 316 BC. From an anecdote related by Phylarchus, it appears that he had been attached to the court of Olympias for some time.

Pella
Pella (Greek: Πέλλα) was the capital of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from the 4th century BC up until the Roman conquest in 168 BC. It is located 1 km outside the modern town of Pella in Central Macedonia, Greece.

Pella was probably founded at the beginning of the 4th century BC by Archelaus I as the new capital of Macedon, supplanting Aigai, which still remained the burial place for the kings and the royal family. Pella was the birthplace of Philip II in 382 BC, and of Alexander the Great, his son, in 356 BC. Pella quickly became the largest and richest city in Macedonia and flourished particularly under the rule of Cassander and Antigonus II. In 168 BC the city was sacked by the Romans during the Third Macedonian War and entered a long period of decline, its importance eclipsed by that of the nearby Thessalonica.