hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1940s in sociology
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1940s. In particular, this was a critical decade for the publication of a number of important works, including both during World War II and its aftermath. A number of notable sociologists were born during the Baby Boom Generation that started in 1945.

C. Wright Mills
Charles Wright Mills (August 28, 1916 – March 20, 1962) was an American sociologist, and a professor of sociology at Columbia University from 1946 until his death in 1962. Mills published widely in both popular and intellectual journals, and is remembered for several books, such as The Power Elite, White Collar: The American Middle Classes, and The Sociological Imagination. Mills was concerned with the responsibilities of intellectuals in post–World War II society, and he advocated public and political engagement over disinterested observation. One of Mills's biographers, Daniel Geary, writes that Mills's writings had a "particularly significant impact on New Left social movements of the 1960s era." It was Mills who popularized the term "New Left" in the U.S., in a 1960 open letter "Letter to the New Left".
Javanese orthography
Javanese Latin alphabet is Latin script used for writing the Javanese language. Prior to the introduction of Latin script, Javanese was written in Javanese script (hanacaraka).

The Latin script was introduced during Dutch colonial period which exhibited the influence of Dutch orthography. Since the introduction of Latin script, the Javanese orthography in Latin script has undergone several orthographic reforms.

The alphabet is generally the same as the Indonesian alphabet. There are six digraphs: dh, kh, ng, ny, sy, and th, and two letters with diacritics: é and è.

Indonesian orthography
Indonesian orthography refers to the official spelling system used in the Indonesian language. The current system uses the Latin script and is called Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD), commonly translated as Enhanced Spelling, Perfected Spelling or Improved Spelling.
Pavey
Pavey is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfie Pavey (born 1995), British footballer

Bill Pavey (1913–1982), Australian rules footballer

Celia Pavey, birth name of Vera Blue (born 1994), Australian musician

Charles W. Pavey (1835–1910), American businessman and politician

Iris Pavey Gilmore (1900-1982), American author

Jo Pavey (born 1973), British long-distance runner

Kenny Pavey (born 1979), British footballer

Max Pavey (1918–1957), American chess master and medical doctor

Melinda Pavey (born 1969), Australian politician

Şafak Pavey (born 1976), Turkish diplomat, columnist and politician

Simon Pavey (born 1967), Australian off-road motorcycle racer

Stanley Pavey (1913–1984), British cinematographer

Blake Pavey (Born 2002), Australian Comedian

Geoff Pavey (Born 1993) British Structural Engineer and Professional Mixed Martial artist

Melinda Pavey
Melinda Jane Pavey (née Shaw; born 1969), is a former Australian politician. Pavey had been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 2015 to 2023, representing the seat of Oxley for The Nationals. She was previously a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 2002 and 2015.

Pavey had previously served as the Minister for Roads, Maritime and Freight from January 2017 until March 2019 in the first Berejiklian ministry government. She was the Minister for Water, Property and Housing from 2019 to 2023 in the second Berejiklian ministry and the Perrottet ministry.

A former party staffer, the Coffs Harbour businesswoman became the party's youngest New South Wales member of parliament at the age of 33.

She stood down at the 2023 New South Wales state election, and was succeeded by fellow National candidate Michael Kemp.
Courier Building
Courier Building, also known as the Frazee Block, Cutlery Block, Fire Engineer Block, and Potter Building, is a historic commercial building located in Downtown Syracuse, Onondaga County, New York.  It was built in 1844, and is a four-story, trapezoidal shaped, Greek Revival style painted brick building.  It was updated in 1918 with Chicago Commercial style design elements when modified for use as a Moose Lodge (1918-1946).  The Courier newspaper occupied the building from 1856 to 1905. It was the site of Daniel Webster's 1851 "Syracuse Speech" in which he equated resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law with treason. In response, crowds in the area freed an escaped slave from the custody of federal marshals, galvanizing opposition to slavery in Central New York.: 5, 11–12

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Downtown Syracuse
Downtown Syracuse is the economic center of Syracuse, New York, and Central New York, employing more than 30,000 people, and housing more than 4,300.

It is also one of the 26 officially recognized neighborhoods of Syracuse.
Isla San Lorenzo Sur
Isla San Lorenzo Sur, is an island in the Gulf of California east of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is uninhabited and is part of the Mexicali Municipality. Isla San Lorenzo Norte is located immediately northwest of Isla San Lorenzo Sur.

Mexicali Municipality
Mexicali Municipality is a municipality (Spanish: municipio) in the Mexican state of Baja California. Its municipal seat (Spanish: cabecera municipal) is located in the city of Mexicali. As of 2020, the municipality had a total population of 1,049,792. The municipality has an area of 13,700 km2 (5,300 sq mi). This includes many smaller outlying communities as well as the city of Mexicali.  Also, the islands of Baja California located in the Gulf of California are part of the municipality, among them the mudflat islands at the mouth of the Colorado River (the largest one being Montague Island), Isla Ángel de la Guarda and the islands of San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park. Mexicali is the northernmost municipality of Baja California, Mexico, and Latin America.

The city of Mexicali was founded in 1903, and its name is a portmanteau of Mexico and California, as is the name of Calexico, California across the border.
2020 Egyptian protests
The 2020 Egyptian protests were a series of decentralized street protests in Egypt that started on September 20, the anniversary of the 2019 Egyptian protests, and were aimed at the resignation of Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. Protesters turned to the streets in several cities in Egypt, including Cairo, Giza, Suez, Kafr El Dawwar, Alexandria, Aswan, El Qanater El Khayreya, Faiyum, Minya, Luxor, and Damietta. September 25th, the sixth day of the protests, was called "Friday of Rage" (Arabic: جُمْعة الغَضَب, ALA-LC: jumʿa al-ghaḍab).

Damietta
Damietta (Dumyāṭ [domˈjɑːtˤ]) is a port city and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the Damietta branch, an eastern distributary of the Nile Delta, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea, and about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Cairo. The city was a Catholic bishopric and is a multiple titular see. Damietta is also a member of the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities.
Claussen and Claussen
Claussen and Claussen was an architecture firm based in Portland, Oregon, that designed several prominent buildings in the first half of the 20th century. Some of the buildings have been added to the National Register of Historic Places, including the Roosevelt Hotel, the Park Heathman Hotel, the Loyalty Building, Ira Powers Warehouse, and Portland Van and Storage.

Portland Van and Storage Building
The Portland Van and Storage Building is a building located in north Portland, Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Portland fire marshal halted construction in 1925 when it was discovered that window space in the building was not equal to one-twenty-fifth of floor space, a violation of the building code. The city council granted a special permit allowing construction to be completed, giving the building its unique appearance.
Genoveva Umeh
Genoveva Kenechukwu Umeh Listenⓘ (born 8 May 1995) is a Nigerian actress. She won the Best Supporting Actress award at The AMVCA in 2024 for her role in the Prime Video Original, Breath of Life. She was nominated for the Best Actress in a drama at the Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards 2022 for her role in A Tune Away.  She also received critical acclaim for her roles in Nigerian's first Netflix original crime thriller series Blood Sisters and young adult series Far From Home. One of her major film roles include One Lagos Night (2019). She also led as Shindara in Episode 4 of Showmax's Original drama series Crime and Justice Lagos (2022). In 2024, she won the best supporting actress at the 2024 AMVCA for her role in Breath of Life (2023).

Crime and Justice Lagos
Crime and Justice Lagos is a 2022 Nigerian Showmax Original mystery, crime, and drama series, starring Folu Storms, Ibrahim Jammal, Margaret Osuome, Paul Adams, Uche Mac-Auley, Ejiroghene Jyro Asagba, Femi Durojaiye, and Makinde Adeniran.

Crime and Justice Lagos is a spin-off from the Crime and Justice series franchise co-produced by Showmax, and Canal+.
No. 18 Squadron RAF
Number 18 Squadron of the Royal Air Force (also known as No. 18 'Burma' Squadron) operates the Boeing Chinook from RAF Odiham. Owing to its heritage as a bomber squadron, it is also known as No. 18 (B) Squadron.

Formed in 1915 as a fighter squadron, it also operated early bomber types. After reforming in 1931 it again operated a variety of biplane bombers before seeing action during the Second World War on a number of fronts with the Bristol Blenheim. Reformed again in 1953, it went on to operate jet bombers such as the English Electric Canberra and Vickers Valiant. In 1964, it started flying helicopters, firstly the Westland Wessex and from 1981 the Boeing Chinook heavy-lift helicopter.

British Army of the Rhine
British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) was the name given to British Army occupation forces in the Rhineland, West Germany, after the First and Second World Wars, and during the Cold War, becoming part of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) tasked with defending the North German Plain from the armies of the Warsaw Pact. The BAOR constituted the bulk of British forces in West Germany.
Sour Suite
"Sour Suite" is a song written by Burton Cummings and performed by The Guess Who.  It reached #12 in Canada and #50 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1972.  The song was featured on their 1971 album, So Long, Bannatyne. Cummings said it took between two and three days to write the song. Its lyric about being "back in 46201" refers to a zip code for Indianapolis. Cummings took it from the return address of a letter sent to him by a female fan.

The song was produced by Jack Richardson.

The single's B-side, "Life in the Bloodstream", also charted, reaching #39 in Canada.

Burton Cummings
Burton Lorne Cummings OC OM (born December 31, 1947) is a Canadian musician and songwriter. He led the Guess Who during that band's most successful period from 1965 to 1975, and has since had a lengthy solo career.

Cummings has been inducted into the Canadian Music Industry Hall of Fame and the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame, and has been cited as one of the most influential performers in Canadian rock music. He has also been named as an officer of the Order of Canada and Order of Manitoba. The Burton Cummings Theatre and Burton Cummings Community Centre in Winnipeg are named in his honour.
Flag of Junqueirópolis
The flag of Junqueirópolis (bandeira de Junqueirópolis) is the official flag of the municipality of Junqueirópolis in the western region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.  It was legally instituted on 30 May 1978.

The flag is sky blue with a white equilateral triangle in the center surrounding the municipal coat of arms.  The blue represents the waterways of the region and the sky overhead.  The white represents the desire to live and prosper peacefully.

The equilateral triangle represents the following triads:

God, Country and Family

Freedom, Equality and Fraternity

Judiciary, Legislative and Executive government

White people (a branca), Yellow people (amarela) and Black people (negra).  In this case, amarela probably refers to índios but may also include the local Japanese Brazilian population and other people of Asian descent.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
762nd Bombardment Squadron
The 762nd Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit, activated during World War II.  After training in the United States throughout 1943, it deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations. From early 1944, the squadron participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation for its actions.  Following V-E Day, the squadron moved to Brazil, where it became part of Air Transport Command, returning troops to the United States.  It was inactivated on 26 September 1945.

Air Transport Command
Air Transport Command (ATC) was a United States Air Force unit that was created during World War II as the strategic airlift component of the United States Army Air Forces.

It had two main missions, the first being the delivery of supplies and equipment between the United States and the overseas combat theaters;  the second was the ferrying of aircraft from the manufacturing plants in the United States to where they were needed for training or for operational use in combat. ATC also operated a worldwide air transportation system for military personnel.

Inactivated on 1 June 1948, Air Transport Command was the precursor to what became the Military Air Transport Service in 1948 and was redesignated Military Airlift Command (MAC) in 1966.  It was consolidated with MAC in 1982, providing a continuous history of long range airlift through 1992 when the mission was transferred to today's Air Mobility Command.
Ayano Nakaoji
Ayano Nakaoji (中大路 絢野, Nakaōji Ayano, born (1991-07-24)24 July 1991) is a Japanese female volleyball player.

With her club Hisamitsu Springs she competed at the 2015 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.

Saga Hisamitsu Springs
Saga Hisamitsu Springs (SAGA久光スプリングス)  is a women's volleyball team based in Kobe city, Hyogo and Tosu city, Saga, Japan. It plays in SV.League. The club was founded in 1948.

In July 2020 the team announced an official name change from "Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Springs" to "Hisamitsu Springs" and unveiled a new team mascot and logo.  On August 7, 2020 Hisamitsu Springs concluded " a cooperation agreement with Tosu City to further revitalize the region and economy through the volleyball business, and we will proceed with concrete efforts".

Hisamitsu Springs won the V.Premier League final for the seventh time on April 13, 2018, beating Toray Arrows.

The owner of the team is Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical.
Miss Grand India 2025
Miss Grand India 2025 was the 3rd Miss Grand India pageant, held on 13 July 2025 at the Zee Studion in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Twenty-nine candidates from different states and union territories of India competed for the right to represent the country in the parent tournament, Miss Grand International 2025.

The contest was won by Vishakha Kanwar of Rajasthan, making her eligible to represent India internationally in the parent stage, to be held in Bangkok, Thailand on 18 October 2025. Meanwhile, the first runner-up, Vanlalnuntluangi, was set to compete at Miss Eco International pageant.

The pageant's preliminary and final rounds were also attended by Miss Grand International 2024 CJ Opiaza of the Philippines and Miss Grand International's president Nawat Itsaragrisil.

Nawat Itsaragrisil
Nawat Itsaragrisil (/ˈnɑːwæt ˌɪtsərəˈɡrɪsɪl/; Thai: ณวัฒน์ อิสรไกรศีล; born 10 August 1965) is a Thai media personality and businessperson, best known as the president of Miss Grand International organization, the national director of Miss Universe Thailand and the executive director of Miss Universe organization.

Nawat first became known for travel TV shows, first hosting Exhibition Show and then Kon Thueng Chan (ก่อนถึงจันทร์) for ITV. He then joined Channel 3, hosting the travel segment variety talk show Today Show and becoming the director and executive producer of the Miss Thailand World beauty pageant from 2007 to 2012. He started his own beauty pageant franchise, Miss Grand Thailand and Miss Grand International in 2013. In 2025 Nawat acquired Miss Universe Thailand license from TPN Global as well as appointed as executive director of Miss Universe pageant.
Anna's War
Anna's War  (Russian: Война  Анны, romanized: Voyna Anny) is a 2018 Russian drama film directed by  Aleksey Fedorchenko. It  premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in January 2018.

On 25 January 2019 the film won the Russian Golden Eagle Award in the Best Film category. Fedorchenko won the award for Best Director.

The plot was based on the short story Ghost by Dmitri Khotckevich, a true story of his neighbor pani Ada (missis Ada), which he published earlier at livejournal under the nick storyofgrubas.

Golden Eagle Award (Russia)
The Golden Eagle Award (Russian: премия Золотой Орёл, romanized: premiya Zolotoy Oryol) is an award given by the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, directors, actors, and writers. Modelled after the American Golden Globe Awards, the formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in Russia, alongside the Nika Award.

The national Russian award is given out in 24 categories each January for motion pictures and TV series produced in Russia during the previous year. The awarding statuette is a silver eagle, originally made from copper with a jade pedestal, and was designed by sculptor Viktor Mitroshin. The design was later altered by the Spanish company Carrera y Carrera. The award was conceived by Nikita Mikhalkov as a counterweight to the Nika Award established in 1987 and run by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences in Moscow.
FlashGet
FlashGet (formerly JetCar, from the literal translation of the Chinese name 快车; Kuàichē) was a freeware download manager for Microsoft Windows. It was originally available in either paid or ad-supported versions, the latter of which included an Internet Explorer Browser Helper Object (BHO).

Browser Helper Object
A Browser Helper Object (BHO) is a DLL module designed as a plugin for the Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser to provide added functionality. BHOs were introduced in October 1997 with the release of version 4 of Internet Explorer. Most BHOs are loaded once by each new instance of Internet Explorer. However, in the case of Windows Explorer, a new instance is launched for each window.

BHOs are still supported as of Windows 10, through Internet Explorer 11, while BHOs are not supported in Microsoft Edge.
R687 road (Ireland)
The R687 road is a regional road in County Tipperary, Ireland. The route runs from its junction with the R639 at New Inn for approximately 10 km (6 mi) until it meets the N24 in the townland of Rathkeevin, west of Clonmel.

Clonmel
Clonmel (Irish: Cluain Meala, meaning 'honey meadow') is the county town and largest settlement of County Tipperary, Ireland. The town is noted in Irish history for its resistance to the Cromwellian army which sacked the towns of Drogheda and Wexford. With the exception of the townland of Suir Island, most of the borough is situated in the civil parish of "St Mary's" which is part of the ancient barony of Iffa and Offa East.
Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi
Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi, released in Japan as Dragon Ball Z: Sparking! (ドラゴンボールZ Sparking!), is a series of fighting games developed by Spike based on the Dragon Ball franchise by Akira Toriyama. The series was published by Namco Bandai Games in Japan and Europe, and by Atari in North America and Australia until 2008. Since the third game, Bandai Namco has handled Dragon Ball game publishing in all regions, effectively ending Atari's involvement.

The original game was released in 2005 as a PlayStation 2 exclusive, while the second and third installments were released for PlayStation 2 and Wii in 2006 and 2007, respectively. A spin-off titled Tenkaichi Tag Team was released on PlayStation Portable in 2010. A new installment, Dragon Ball: Sparking! Zero, was announced in March 2023 and released in October 2024 for PlayStation 5, Windows and Xbox Series X/S.

Bandai Namco Holdings
Bandai Namco Holdings Inc. (commonly known as Bandai Namco and formerly Namco Bandai until 2015, also known as Bandai Namco Group,) is a Japanese mass media and entertainment conglomerate founded in 2005 by the merger of Namco and Bandai. The company specializes in toys, video games, arcades, anime, restaurants, and amusement parks. They are unofficially nicknamed "Bamco" by some. The conglomerate is made up of:

Bandai, toy company; includes Bandai Spirits

Bandai Namco Entertainment, video game publisher; includes Bandai Namco Studios

Bandai Namco Experience, amusement machine developer and operator; includes Bandai Namco Amusement

Bandai Namco Filmworks, film/anime production; includes Sunrise and Bandai Namco Pictures

Bandai Namco Music Live, film/anime and music production
Benabdelmalek Ramdane
Benabdelmalek Ramdane (also Ben Abdelmalek Ramdan) is a town and commune in Mostaganem Province, Algeria. It is located in Sidi Lakhdar District. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 12,577.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
Artsiom Parakhouski
Artsiom Parakhouski (born October 6, 1987) is a Belarusian former professional basketball player for Śląsk Wrocław. Standing at 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m), he plays at the center position.

He finished his American college career in 2010 with the Radford University Highlanders, located in Radford, Virginia. He led NCAA Division I in rebounds in 2009–10 at 13.4 per game. He was named the Big South Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year in 2009 and 2010, becoming the fifth multiple player of the year winner in Big South history.

Big South Conference
The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 as part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and began operating the OVC–Big South Football Association in partnership with the Ohio Valley Conference in 2023. The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Georgia and South Carolina.
Jucy Rentals
Jucy Rentals is a tourism company which was founded in New Zealand in 2001. Jucy is primarily a car and campervan hire business and also operates scenic cruises in Milford Sound, and Snoozes in Auckland central, Queenstown, and Christchurch.

Milford Sound
Milford Sound (Māori: Piopiotahi, officially gazetted as Milford Sound / Piopiotahi) is a fiord in the south west of New Zealand's South Island within Fiordland National Park, Piopiotahi (Milford Sound) Marine Reserve, and the Te Wahipounamu World Heritage site. It has been judged the world's top travel destination in an international survey (the 2008 Travelers' Choice Destinations Awards by TripAdvisor) and is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination. Rudyard Kipling called it the eighth Wonder of the World. The fiord is most commonly accessed via road (State Highway 94) by tour coach, with the road terminating at a small village also called Milford Sound.