hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The New Europe
The New Europe, subtitled "A Weekly Review of Foreign Politics," was a weekly political magazine published in the United Kingdom between 1916 and 1920.

Funded by David Davies, it spread ideas related to federalism, such as the emancipation of various Slavic nations from the Central Powers. It was founded by the political activist and historian Robert William Seton-Watson, Henry Wickham Steed, Ronald Montagu Burrows and Frederic William Whyte, with the help of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Others involved with the magazine included Erskine Childers, Anatole France, the brothers Reginald "Rex" Leeper and Allen Leeper, Oscar Browning, James Frazer, Bernard Pares, Samuel Hoare, Leonard Woolf and Salvador de Madariaga.

Bernard Pares
Sir Bernard Pares KBE (1 March 1867 – 17 April 1949) was an English historian and diplomat. During the First World War, he was seconded to the Foreign Ministry in Petrograd, Russia, where he reported political events back to London, and worked in propaganda. He returned to London as professor of Russian history. He is best known for his numerous books on Russia, especially his standard textbook, A History of Russia (1926), which had highly detailed coverage of the revolutionary era. He was a very active public speaker in the 1940s in support of Stalin's Soviet Union.
Kalamazoo, MI 1997
Kalamazoo, MI 1997 is a live release by Athens, Georgia's Widespread Panic. These performances were recorded live at The State Theater in Kalamazoo, Michigan on November 11, 1997. This recording features all original band members including late guitarist Michael Houser.

This was the 13th installment of the Porch Songs series.

Widespread Panic
Widespread Panic is an American rock band from Athens, Georgia. The current lineup includes guitarist/singer John Bell, bassist Dave Schools, drummer Duane Trucks, percussionist Domingo "Sunny" Ortiz, keyboardist John "JoJo" Hermann, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. The band's original guitarist and sometime songwriter, Michael Houser, died of pancreatic cancer in 2002, and the original drummer, Todd Nance, left in 2016 and died in 2020.

The band was formed in Athens in 1986, and is influenced by southern rock, blues rock, progressive rock, funk and hard rock genres. They have been compared to other jam bands including the Grateful Dead and Phish. Widely renowned for their live performances, they have held the record for number of sold-out performances at Red Rocks Amphitheatre and State Farm Arena in Atlanta.
Ewing High School (New Jersey)
Ewing High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from Ewing Township, in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Ewing Public Schools.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,118 students and 90.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1. There were 518 students (46.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 114 (10.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
San Francisco riot of 1877
The San Francisco riot of 1877 was a three-day riot waged against Chinese immigrants in San Francisco, California by the city's majority Irish population from the evening of July 23 through the night of July 25, 1877. The ethnic violence which swept Chinatown resulted in four deaths and the destruction of more than $100,000 worth of property belonging to the city's Chinese immigrant population.

Ethnic conflict
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.  While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's position within society. This criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle.

Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Recently, some have argued for either top-down or bottom-up explanations for ethnic conflict. Intellectual debate has also focused on whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War, and on devising ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.
Andrzej Papierz
Andrzej Papierz (born 21 November 1966, in Frampol) is a Polish journalist and diplomat. He has served as the Ambassador of Poland to Montenegro (2023–2024) and Bulgaria (2007–2010), the Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2018), and the Director General of the Foreign Service (2018–2021).

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych, MSZ) is the Polish government department tasked with maintaining Poland's international relations and coordinating its participation in international and regional supra-national political organisations such as the European Union and United Nations. The head of the ministry holds a place in the Council of Ministers.
Stour Valley and Dedham Church
Stour Valley and Dedham Church is a landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. Like many of his works it features a scene of the River Stour in his native Suffolk close to the border with Essex. In the distance is the church at Dedham. In the foreground farmworkers are loading a cart.

It was commissioned as a wedding present for Philadelphia Godfrey, the daughter of a local squire, by her husband. It shows the river valley in autumn from the grounds of her father's house. It was intended to a memento for her for a scene she knew well. It was displayed at the Royal Academy's Spring Exhibition at Somerset House in 1815. It is now in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston having been acquired in 1948.

Dedham, Essex
Dedham is a village and civil parish in the City of Colchester district of Essex, England. It is near the River Stour, which is the border of Essex and Suffolk. The nearest town to Dedham is the small market town of Manningtree. The area around Dedham is recognised for its natural beauty, being designated as the Dedham Vale National Landscape. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,992.
David Birkin
David Tristan Birkin (born 21 November 1977) is a British artist working with photography and performance art. He is a Senior Lecturer at London College of Communication, University of the Arts London. Birkin is the co-founder of Visible Justice, a research platform for artists, activists, writers, journalists, photographers, filmmakers, and human rights lawyers working at the intersection of visual culture and social justice. He has also worked as a motion picture and theatre actor.

Senior lecturer
Senior lecturer is an academic rank in countries including the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Israel and Sri Lanka.  It is a faculty position at a university or similar institution, which is tenured (in systems with this concept) and is roughly equivalent to an associate professor in the North American system.
Matyáš Novák
Matyáš Novák (born 16 March 2005) is a Czech slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2021, specializing in K1 and kayak cross.

He won a bronze medal in kayak cross at the 2025 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Penrith.

Penrith, New South Wales
Penrith is a suburb in Outer Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Sydney central business district on the eastern bank of the Nepean River. It is on the outskirts of the Cumberland Plain at an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft). Penrith is the administrative centre for the City of Penrith local government area.
Practical philosophy
Practical philosophy concerns itself mainly with subjects that have applications in life, like the study of values, norms, politics, art, etc. The modern division of philosophy into theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy has its origin in Aristotle's categories of natural and moral philosophy. The one has theory for its object, and the other practice.

Modern philosophy
Modern philosophy is philosophy developed in the modern era and associated with modernity. It is not a specific doctrine or school (and thus should not be confused with Modernism), although certain assumptions are common to much of it, which helps to distinguish it from earlier philosophy.

The 17th and early 20th centuries roughly mark the beginning and the end of modern philosophy. How much of the Renaissance should be included is a matter of dispute, as is whether modernity ended in the 20th century and has been replaced by postmodernity. How one answers these questions will determine the scope of one's use of the term "modern philosophy."
Alar Nääme
Alar Nääme (born 21 December 1983 in Valga) is an Estonian politician. He was the Deputy Mayor of Valga and the District Mayor of Kesklinn, Tallinn and was a member of the XIII Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Centre Party.

On 23 June 2016, Harju County court found Nääme guilty of embezzlement. He was ordered to pay a pecuniary punishment of €6,300.

Harju County
Harju County (Estonian: Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla County to the south, and Lääne County to the southwest. The capital and largest city of Estonia, Tallinn, is located in Harju County. Harju is the largest county in Estonia in terms of population, as almost half (45%) of Estonia's population lives in Harju County.
RMS Otranto
At least 2 British ships have been named RMS Otranto after the Strait of Otranto between Italy and Albania.

RMS Otranto (1909) – A steamship that was renamed HMS Otranto in 1914 and became an armed merchant cruiser and troop ship during World War I before being wrecked in 1918.

RMS Otranto (1925) – An ocean liner that served during World War II as a troop transport and Landing ship, infantry before she was scrapped in 1957.

HMS Otranto
HMS Otranto was an armed merchant cruiser requisitioned by the British Admiralty when World War I began in 1914. Built before the war for the UK–Australia run as SS Otranto, she was primarily used in the war to search for German commerce raiders. She played small roles in the Battle of Coronel in November 1914 when the German East Asia Squadron destroyed the British squadron searching for it and in the Battle of the Falkland Islands the following month when a British squadron annihilated the Germans in turn.

Apart from brief refits in the UK, Canada and Australia, she remained on this duty until early 1918 when she became a troop ship. During a severe storm off the Isle of Islay in late 1918, she accidentally collided with another troop ship, HMS Kashmir (1915) and was forced ashore by the storm, killing 470 passengers, mainly American soldiers, and crewmen.
Mojabi
The Mojabi Shirazi or Mojabi family (Persian: مجابی, Persian pronunciation: [mojaːbi]) is a prominent Iranian family of cultural significance from Qazvin, Iran. Between 1908 and 1997, the family was associated with around 40 publications (comprising newspapers, magazines and pamphlets) in Iran.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
Ucha Sosiashvili
Ucha Sosiashvili (Georgian: უჩა სოსიაშვილი; born 26 July 1989) is a Georgian football manager, currently in charge of Erovnuli  Liga 2 club Sioni.

Sosiashvili is the youngest Georgian coach to have won the national league. He has guided Dila to their only champion's title in history and achieved back-to-back promotions with Samgurali.

Regionuli Liga
Regionuli Liga (Georgian: რეგიონული ლიგა), run by Georgian Football Federation since 1990, is the fifth and lowest division of the Georgian league system after Erovnuli Liga, Erovnuli Liga 2, Liga 3 and Liga 4. Its participants are both professional clubs and reserve teams of higher league members.

Prior to the introduction of Liga 4 in 2019, Regionuli Liga was the fourth tier.
Stephanoidea
Stephanoidea is a superfamily of parasitic wasps within the Apocrita; it includes only one living family, Stephanidae (350 living species mid Cretaceous-recent), as well as the extinct families Ephialtitidae (89 species, Early Jurassic-mid Cretaceous), Aptenoperissidae (8 species, mid Cretaceous, Burmese amber), Myanmarinidae (4 species, mid Cretaceous, Burmese amber) and Ohlhoffiidae (4 species, Early-mid Cretaceous).

Burmese amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The amber is of significant palaeontological interest due to the diversity of flora and fauna contained as inclusions, particularly arthropods including insects and arachnids but also birds, lizards, snakes, frogs and fragmentary dinosaur remains. The amber has been known and commercially exploited since the first century AD, and has been known to science since the mid-nineteenth century. Research on the deposit has attracted controversy due to the potential role of the amber trade in funding internal conflict in Myanmar and hazardous working conditions in the mines where it is collected.
Teeradon Supapunpinyo
Teeradon Supapunpinyo (Thai: ธีรดนย์ ศุภพันธุ์ภิญโญ; RTGS: Thiradon Supphaphanphinyo; born 27 April 1997), also known by his nickname James, is a Thai actor, singer, and model. He became known for his role in the GTH television series Hormones, and has starred in the films Bad Genius (2017) and Homestay (2018).

GMM Tai Hub
GMM Tai Hub or GTH (Thai: จีเอ็มเอ็ม ไท หับ or จีทีเอช) was a former film studio of the Thai entertainment conglomerate GMM Grammy. It was formed in 2003 by a merger between GMM Pictures, Tai Entertainment, and Hub Ho Hin Film following the box-office success of the childhood romantic comedy, Fan Chan, which the three companies had produced.

GTH was dissolved on 31 December 2015 due to internal conflicts. It was succeeded by GDH 559.
2018 ITS Cup – Doubles
Amandine Hesse and Victoria Rodríguez were the defending champions, but chose not to participate.

Petra Krejsová and Jesika Malečková won the title after defeating Lucie Hradecká and Michaëlla Krajicek 6–2, 6–1 in the final.

Michaëlla Krajicek
Michaëlla Krajicek (Czech: Michaela Krajíčková; born 9 January 1989) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. She has won three singles and five doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one WTA 125 doubles title, and 14 titles in singles and 24 in doubles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 11 February 2008, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of world No. 30. On 23 March 2015, she peaked at No. 23 in the doubles rankings.
Udwadia–Kalaba formulation
In classical mechanics, the Udwadia–Kalaba formulation is a method for deriving the equations of motion of a constrained mechanical system. The method was first described by  Anatolii Fedorovich Vereshchagin for the particular case of robotic arms, and later generalized to all mechanical systems by Firdaus E. Udwadia and Robert E. Kalaba in 1992. The approach is based on Gauss's principle of least constraint. The Udwadia–Kalaba method applies to both holonomic constraints and nonholonomic constraints, as long as they are linear with respect to the accelerations. The method generalizes to constraint forces that do not obey D'Alembert's principle.

Robotic arm
A robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm; the arm may be the sum total of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion (such as in an articulated robot) or translational (linear) displacement.  The links of the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain.  The terminus of the kinematic chain of the manipulator is called the end effector and it is analogous to the human hand. However, the term "robotic hand" as a synonym of the robotic arm is often proscribed.
Sheila Lambert
Sheila Monique Lambert (born July 21, 1980) is an American former basketball player who played in the WNBA. Born in Seattle, Washington, she was the seventh pick in the 2002 WNBA draft. She was a member of the WNBA Championship Detroit Shock in 2003.

2002 WNBA draft
The 2002 WNBA draft was the first to implement a lottery that arranges the order of the first four overall picks. The lottery gave four teams with the identically worst record of 10–22 from the 2001 season an equal chance to own the first overall selection, which the Seattle Storm did.

Four of the top six draft picks, Sue Bird (#1), Swin Cash (#2), Asjha Jones (#4) and Tamika (Williams) Raymond (#6) were from the same team, the 2002 NCAA champion University of Connecticut.
Hansjörg Tauscher
Hansjörg Tauscher (born 15 September 1967 in Oberstdorf) is a retired German alpine skier. His best career achievement in the World Cup was third place in a downhill race in Garmisch in January 1992, but he surprisingly won the downhill race at the WC 1989 in Vail.

Vail, Colorado
Vail is a home rule municipality in Eagle County, Colorado, United States. The population of the town was 4,835 in 2020. Home to Vail Ski Resort, the largest ski mountain in Colorado, the town is known for its hotels, dining, and for the numerous events the city hosts annually, such as the Vail Film Festival, Vail Resorts Snow Days, and Bravo! Vail.
Bạch Đằng Bridge
Bach Dang Bridge (Vietnamese: Cầu Bạch Đằng), is a cable-stayed bridge that crosses the Bạch Đằng River between Haiphong City and Quảng Ninh Province. This is the largest cable-stayed bridge in Vietnam and ranked 3rd among the 7 largest cable-stayed bridges in the world

Bạch Đằng River
The Bạch Đằng River (Vietnamese: Sông Bạch Đằng, IPA: [ʂoŋ ɓâjk̟ ɗɐ̀ŋ]), also called Bạch Đằng Giang (from 白藤江, IPA: [ɓâjk̟ ɗɐ̀ŋ ʑaːŋ]), the White Wisteria River, is a river in northern Vietnam, located near Hạ Long Bay. It flows through Yên Hưng District of Quảng Ninh province and the district Thủy Nguyên of Haiphong.

It is the best river way to access Hanoi from the south of China, through the Nam Triệu Mouth, the Kinh Thầy River, the Đuống River, and then the Red River to Hanoi.
Devender Goud
Tulla Devender Goud is an Indian politician from the Telugu Desam Party. He founded the Nava Telangana Praja Party (NTP) to fight for separate statehood for the Telangana region in Andhra Pradesh, but later returned to his parent outfit.

A backward classes leader, he served as a cabinet minister for BC welfare and Prohibition portfolios in N.T. Rama Rao's cabinet. He has also worked as a cabinet minister handling Revenue and Home portfolios under Nara Chandrababu Naidu.

He was elected three times to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh from the Medchal assembly constituency as a representative of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP). He was a TDP politbureau member since 1991, deputy leader of TDP legislature party in the AP legislative assembly and was considered number two leader, next only to Nara Chandrababu Naidu in TDP before he resigned to fight for separate statehood of the Telangana state.

Medchal
Medchal is an outer suburb of Hyderabad in the Medchal–Malkajgiri district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is the mandal headquarters of Medchal mandal in Keesara revenue division of the district. It also forms a part of Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority. Chamakura Malla Reddy is the MLA of Medchal Assembly Constituency.
Marina Nigg
Marina Nigg (born in Vaduz on 24 April 1984) is a Liechtensteiner alpine skier who represented Liechtenstein at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Nigg specializes in the slalom and giant slalom events, and finished 22nd in the slalom at the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
The Child in Time (film)
The Child in Time is a British television film directed by Julian Farino, adaptation of the 1987 novel of the same name by Ian McEwan. The film premiered on BBC One on Sunday 24 September 2017 and stars Benedict Cumberbatch.

Stephen Campbell Moore
Stephen Campbell Moore (born Stephen Moore Thorpe) (born November 30, 1979) is a British actor who is best known for his roles in Alan Bennett's play The History Boys and the film based on it. He has starred in the sci-fi television series War of the Worlds (2019–2021).
DCI Cheese Company
DCI Cheese Company is a United States food industry company specializing in cheese, headquartered in Richfield, Wisconsin (in Mayville, Wisconsin before 2005). Established in 1975 as Dan Carter, Inc., a consulting firm for cheesemakers, it rapidly grew into a cheese manufacturer and marketer and changed its name to DCI Cheese Company in 2003.

Acquired by the Fairmount Food Group in 2005, DCI continues to operate as one of the leading specialty cheese companies in the United States. As of 2007 the company is a $500 million business with over 20 unique, company-owned cheese brands.
In 2011, Saputo Inc., a Montreal-based cheese manufacturer with several Wisconsin plants, acquired DCI Cheese Company Inc. of Richfield for $270.5 million.

Richfield, Wisconsin
Richfield is a village in Washington County, Wisconsin, and is on the edge of the Milwaukee Metropolitan Area. United States. The population was 11,739 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated community of Hubertus, as well as the former communities of Pleasant Hill and Plat are located in the village, as well as the communities of Colgate and Lake Five, which are partially located in Richfield.