hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Act 115
The Act to implement court rulings on the language of instruction, commonly known as Act 115, is an amending act introduced by the Charest government in Quebec. This legislation modifies the Charter of the French Language in response to the Supreme Court of Canada's ruling in Nguyen v. Quebec.

Act 115 assigns the responsibility to the Conseil des ministres to define the conditions under which a child may access subsidized English-language schools in Quebec, with the primary criterion being attendance at an unsubsidized English-language school for three years or more.

Executive Council of Quebec
The Executive Council of Quebec (French: Conseil exécutif du Québec, pronounced [kɔ̃sɛj ɛɡzekytif dy kebɛk]) is the cabinet of the Government of Quebec. It comprises ministers of the provincial Crown, who are selected by the premier of Quebec and appointed by the lieutenant governor.
Sam Reese
Sammy Pharr Reese (September 11, 1930 – September 11, 1985 or September 12, 1985 (sources differ) ) was an American film and television actor. He was known for playing the recurring role of Dr. Dan Shanks in the first season of the American medical drama television series Dr. Kildare, and was also known as the clerk in the 1967 film In the Heat of the Night, starring Sidney Poitier, Rod Steiger, Warren Oates and Lee Grant.

Reese was born in Montgomery, Alabama, the son of Mary Reese. He guest-starred in television programs, including The Andy Griffith Show, Gunsmoke, I Spy, The Big Valley, Iron Horse, Death Valley Days, That Girl and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, and played the recurring role of Dr. Dan Shanks in the first season of the NBC medical drama television series Dr. Kildare. He also appeared in films such as King Rat (as Kurt), Captain Newman, M.D. and PT 109.

Reese died on September 11, 1985 or September 12, 1985 (sources differ), in Montgomery, Alabama, at the age of 55.

The Big Valley
The Big Valley is an American Western television series that originally aired from September 15, 1965, to May 19, 1969, on ABC. The series is set on the fictional Barkley Ranch near Stockton, California.  The one-hour episodes follow the lives of the Barkley family, one of the wealthiest and largest ranch-owning families in Stockton, led by matriarch Victoria Barkley (Barbara Stanwyck), her sons Jarrod (Richard Long) and Nick (Peter Breck), daughter Audra (Linda Evans), and their half-brother Heath (Lee Majors). The series was created by A. I. Bezzerides and Louis F. Edelman and produced by Levy-Gardner-Laven for Four Star Television.
Valley District (VHSL)
The 3A Valley District is a district in Region 3C of the Virginia High School League.  As the district's name implies, all the schools are located in the central part of the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, along Interstate 81.  Most of the member schools are part of the Harrisonburg areas.

Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley (/ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River, to the south by the James River, and to the Southwest by the New River Valley. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the Valley plus the Virginia Highlands to the west and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley Province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.
Christine Merlin
Christine Merlin is a French chronobiologist and an associate professor of biology at Texas A&M University. Merlin's research focuses on the underlying genetics of the monarch butterfly circadian clock and explores how circadian rhythms modulate monarch behavior and navigation.

Chronobiology
Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. These cycles are known as biological rhythms. Chronobiology comes from the ancient Greek χρόνος (chrónos, meaning "time"), and biology, which pertains to the study, or science, of life. The related terms chronomics and chronome have been used in some cases to describe either the molecular mechanisms involved in chronobiological phenomena or the more quantitative aspects of chronobiology, particularly where comparison of cycles between organisms is required.

Chronobiological studies include but are not limited to comparative anatomy, physiology, genetics, molecular biology and behavior of organisms related to their biological rhythms.  Other aspects include epigenetics, development, reproduction, ecology and evolution.
2006 Torneo Godó – Doubles
Leander Paes and Nenad Zimonjić were the defending champions, but they did not participate together this year.  Paes partnered Martin Damm, losing in the second round.   Zimonjić partnered Max Mirnyi, losing in the second round.

Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor won in the final 6–2, 6–7(4–7), [10–5], against Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski.

Mark Knowles
Mark Knowles (born 4 September 1971) is a Bahamian former professional tennis player and coach. He is a former world No. 1 in doubles. He won three of the four Grand Slam tournaments in men's doubles, partnering with Daniel Nestor, as well as Wimbledon in mixed doubles. At various times between 2002 and 2005 he was ranked World No. 1 in doubles. He is a five-time Olympian.
Long-tailed mouse
The long-tailed mouse (Pseudomys higginsi) is a native Australian mammal in the Order Rodentia and the Family Muridae. It is found only on the island of Tasmania. The long-tailed mouse is an omnivore that feeds on insects and a range of plants. It is found in forested areas, particularly in sub-alpine scree, and may live in burrows.

The species reaches a weight of about 70 grams. It is distinguished from other species by its two-tone tail, which is white on the underside and dark above. The tail is 1.3 times longer than the head and body combined. It is speculated that P.higginsi uses its tail for balance while leaping in habitat such as boulder screes.

Fossils of this species have been found in Cloggs Cave, Buchan in eastern Victoria and were identified by palaeontologist Jeanette Hope. The date for the remains based on C-14 dating were between 12 and 20,000 years old.

Buchan Caves
The Buchan Caves are a group of limestone caves that include the Royal Cave and the Fairy Cave, located south-west of Buchan, in the East Gippsland region of the Australian state of Victoria. They have a total length of between 3 and 4 kilometres (1.9 and 2.5 mi), and six entrances.

The Buchan Cave Reserve has been transferred back to the Gunaikurnai Nation and is jointly managed with the state.

The limestone rock at Buchan was laid down during the Devonian period about 300 – 400 million years ago. At the time, the sea covered this area of East Gippsland which was alive with shellfish and coral. Their remains were deposited in layers and over the years compacted to form limestone. The caves were formed by solution of the limestone.

The Buchan Caves are located approximately 360 kilometres (220 mi) east northeast (or six hours' drive) from Melbourne, along the Princes Highway, north of Lakes Entrance. Other caves nearby include Cloggs Cave and New Guinea II cave.
Pedro Paulo
Pedro Paulo is a Portuguese given name, the equivalent of "Peter Paul" in English.

The name is worn by:

Pedro Paulo (footballer, born 1945), Brazilian football right back

Pedro Paulo (footballer, born 1973) (1973–2000), Angolan football midfielder

Pedro Paulo (footballer, born 1985) (born 1985), Brazilian football striker

Pedro Paulo (footballer, born 1994), Brazilian footballer

Pedro Paulo (politician) (born 1972), Brazilian politician

Pedro Paulo Diniz (born 1970), Brazilian Formula One racing driver

Pedro Paulo Rangel (born 1948), Brazilian actor featured in Pedra sobre Pedra, Cama de Gato or O Sorriso do Lagarto

Pedro Paulo (trumpet player) (born 1939), Brazilian trumpet player featured on Ben é Samba Bom or Sacundin Ben Samba

Pedra sobre Pedra
Pedra sobre Pedra (Portuguese for Stone over Stone) is a Brazilian telenovela co-produced by TV Globo (Brazil) and RTP (Portugal). It aired in Brazil from 6 January to 31 July 1992, with 179 episodes.

It was made available on the Globoplay streaming service on 18 July 2022.
Katrín Axelsdóttir
Katrín Axelsdóttir (13 April 1956 – 25 June 1994) was an Icelandic multi-sport athlete, playing basketball, football and handball for Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur and Glímufélagið Ármann. She was a member of both the Icelandic national basketball team and the Icelandic national handball team. In 1973, she won the Icelandic football championship with Ármann.

Iceland women's national handball team
The Iceland women's national handball team is the national handball team of Iceland and takes part in international team handball competitions. They qualified to the 2010 European Women's Handball Championship. This was the first time they qualified to any international championship. They finished with the 15th place. Two years later, at the 2012 European Women's Handball Championship, they managed the same results.

Second time they qualified to international championship were when they qualified to the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship.
NetworkManager
NetworkManager is a daemon that sits on top of libudev and other Linux kernel interfaces (and a couple of other daemons) and provides a high-level interface for the configuration of the network interfaces.

GNOME Shell
GNOME Shell is the graphical shell of the GNOME desktop environment starting with version 3, which was released on April 6, 2011. It provides basic functions like launching applications and switching between windows. GNOME Shell replaced GNOME Panel and some ancillary components of GNOME 2.

GNOME Shell is written in C and JavaScript as a plugin for Mutter.

In contrast to the KDE Plasma Workspaces, a software framework intended to facilitate the creation of multiple graphical shells for different devices, the GNOME Shell is intended to be used on desktop computers with large screens operated via keyboard and mouse, as well as portable computers with smaller screens operated via their keyboard, touchpad or touchscreen.
Acalolepta ampliata
Acalolepta ampliata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1888, originally under the genus Orsidis. It is known from the Solomon Islands, Bougainville, the Admiralty Islands, and Vanuatu. It measures between 17 and 27 mm (0.67 and 1.06 in).

Admiralty Islands
The Admiralty Islands are an archipelago group of 40 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the South Pacific Ocean. These are also sometimes known as the Manus Islands, after the largest island of the chain.

These rainforest-covered islands constitute Manus Province, the smallest and least-populous province of Papua New Guinea, in its Islands Region. The total area is 2,100 km2 (810 sq mi). The province had a population of 60,485 at the 2011 Census. Many of the smaller Admiralty Islands are atolls and uninhabited.
Mahmoud Maher Taha
Mahmoud Maher Taha (Arabic: محمود ماهر طه  (born 21 December 1942, in Cairo, Egypt) is an Egyptian Egyptologist.

Taha obtained his B.A. in Egyptology from Cairo University (Department of Archeology) in 1963 and completed his Doctorate in the same field at the University of Lyon, France, in 1982.

He worked as General Director of Information Center of Egyptology and since 1992 has worked as General Director of the Center of Documentation and Studies on Ancient Egypt.

Mahmoud Maher Taha is an honorary member of the Association of the Safeguarding of the Ramesseum Temple (Memnonia) and has worked for over forty years in Nubia and Thebes (Archaeological Documentations).

Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.

The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.

The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Paul Couch
Paul Couch (19 July 1964 – 5 March 2016) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Geelong in the Australian Football League. Educated at local schools in Timboon, Victoria, he  was married  to Geraldine Maguire.

Warrnambool Football Club
The Warrnambool Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Blues, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the city of the same name. Warrnambool teams compete in the Hampden Football Netball League, where the football squad has played since 1933.
Santa Rosa de Osos
Santa Rosa de Osos is a middle city and municipality of Colombia located in the northern of the department of Antioquia. Bounded on the north with the municipalities of Yarumal and Angostura, on the east with Guadalupe and Carolina del Principe, on the south with the municipalities of Donmatías, San Pedro de los Milagros and Entrerríos, and on the west with Belmira and San José de la Montaña.

Municipalities of Colombia
The municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia.   Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia, with 1,104 municipalities (municipios). Each one of them is led by a mayor (alcalde) elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments.

The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the Federación Colombiana de Municipios (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the constitutional right to free association to defend their common interests.
2016 Ford EcoBoost 200
The 2016 Ford EcoBoost 200 was the 23rd and final stock car race of the 2016 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, the championship 4 race, and the 21st iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, November 18, 2016, in Homestead, Florida, at Homestead–Miami Speedway, a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) permanent tri-oval shaped speedway. The race took the scheduled 134 laps to complete. William Byron, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports, made a pass on Tyler Reddick for the lead with 10 laps to go, and earned his 7th career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win. Kyle Larson mainly dominated the race, leading 76 laps.

Meanwhile, Johnny Sauter, driving for GMS Racing, would clinch his first NASCAR Camping World Truck Series championship, after finishing in third, behind Reddick.

Johnny Sauter
Jonathan Joseph Sauter (born May 1, 1978) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 66 Ford F-150 for ThorSport Racing. He has also driven in the NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series in the past. Sauter is the son of former NASCAR driver Jim Sauter, the brother of NASCAR drivers Tim Sauter and Jay Sauter, and the uncle of Travis Sauter. He is the 2016 Truck Series champion.
Zaire forest tree frog
The Zaire forest tree frog (Leptopelis fenestratus) is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes.

Arthroleptidae
The Arthroleptidae /ˌɑːrθroʊˈlɛptɪdiː/ are a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa. This group includes African treefrogs in the genus Leptopelis along with the terrestrial breeding squeakers Arthroleptis, and several genera restricted to the Guinean forests of central and west Africa, such as the hairy frog (Trichobatrachus).
Indo-China Steam Navigation Company Ltd.
The Indo-China Steam Navigation Company, Limited (ICSNC), was established in 1873 as a subsidiary of Hong Kong–based Jardine, Matheson & Co., one of the largest trading companies in the Far East at that time.

Hong (business)
A hong (Chinese: 行; pinyin: háng; Jyutping: hong4-2) was a type of Chinese merchant establishment and its associated type of building. Hongs arose in Guangzhou (formerly  known as Canton) as intermediaries between Western and Chinese merchants during the 18th and 19th centuries under the Canton System.
Antonio Ereditato
Antonio Ereditato (Napoli, 2 June 1955) is an Italian physicist, currently Research Professor at the University of Chicago, associate researcher at Fermilab, Batavia, USA, and Emeritus professor at the University of Bern, Switzerland, where he has been Director of the Laboratory for High Energy Physics from 2006 to 2020. From 2021 to 2022 Ereditato has been Visiting Professor at the Yale University, USA. 
He carried out research activities in the field of experimental neutrino physics, of weak interactions and strong interactions with experiments conducted at CERN, in Japan, at Fermilab in United States and at the LNGS in Italy. Ereditato has accomplished several R&D studies on particle detectors: wire chambers, calorimeters, time projection chambers, nuclear emulsions, detectors for medical applications.

Weak interaction
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation. It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms: The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood by electroweak theory (EWT).

The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton.
Encyclopaedia of Shia
Encyclopedia of Shi'a (Persian: دانشنامه تشیع) is an encyclopedia on Shia studies that was published in 14 volumes between 1981 and 2011. The editor-in-chief is Ahmad Seyed Javadi. The writing of this encyclopedia started in 1981 with the sponsorship of The Taher Foundation and was followed by the sponsorship of Fahime Mohebbi.

Sponsor (commercial)
Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services. The individual or group that provides the support, similar to a benefactor, is known as the sponsor.
Francis Crowther
Francis Crowther (died 22 July 1917) was a British colonial official in the British Gold Coast for nineteen years.

In 1912 Crowther chaired the Commission of Enquiry into the affairs of the Anlo State which confirmed a list of Anlo chiefs and established the extension of the Anlo state to include Avenor, Afife, Aflao, Dzodze, Fenyi, Klikor, Somye and Weta territories.

Crowther died of Yellow Fever while performing special duties in 1917.

Weta, Ghana
Weta (or Ʋeta) is a town in Ghana in the Volta Region.  Weta (Ʋeta) is the place of birth of the Ghanaian poet Kofi Awoonor, who died in the Westgate shopping mall shooting in Nairobi on 21 September 2013.
Transat Québec–Saint-Malo
The Transat Québec–Saint-Malo is a sailing transoceanic race taking place every four years, from Quebec City, Canada, to Saint-Malo, France. 
The first edition, in 1984, was organized to celebrate the 450th anniversary of Jacques Cartier's voyage from Saint-Malo to Quebec. The race is opened to crewed monohulls and multihulls of 40, 50 and 60 feet.

It has two particularities: It is the only west-to-east transatlantic race at this level, and it starts by going down the Saint Lawrence River for roughly 12% of its length.

In 2016 a new course record of 6 days, 1 hour and 17 minutes was set by Spindrift 2 skippered by fr:Yann Guichard and Donna Bertarelli. This new time beats by almost 2 days the previous course record held by Loïck Peyron for 20 years.

Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier (Breton: Jakez Karter; 31 December 1491 – 1 September 1557) was a French maritime explorer from Brittany. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas" after the Iroquoian names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island).

Jacques Cartier, author of now-lost maps and accounts of his voyages, was the first European to describe and name this region and its inhabitants—at a time when the Spanish had already settled in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America, and were beginning their conquest of Peru.
Palmer Street
Palmer Street is a street in the City of Westminster that runs between Petty France in the north and Victoria Street in the south. It is crossed by Caxton Street and Butler Place. The lower half of Palmer Street, below Caxton Street, is pedestrianised.

The street is named after the priest and philanthropist James Palmer whose almshouses stood on the east side from 1654 to 1881. In the 19th century the lower part was known as Palmer's Passage and the upper part as Gardner's Lane. From 1953 to 2019, the street was the location of the London offices of the British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).

Almshouse
An almshouse (also known as a bede-house, poorhouse, or hospital) is charitable housing provided to people in a particular community, especially during the Middle Ages. They were often built for the poor of a locality, for those who had held certain jobs, or their widows, and for elderly people who could no longer pay rent. They are generally maintained by a charity or the trustees of a bequest. "Alms" are, in the Christian tradition, money or services donated to support the poor and indigent. Almshouses were originally formed as extensions of the church system and were later adapted by local officials and authorities.
CalCare
CalCare is a proposed single-payer health care system for the state of California. If passed and funded, California would be the first state to fully implement single-payer. Advocates argue it could serve as a test model to lend confidence for a national health system, whereas opponents cite potential budget shortfalls and a difficult transition to a government-run system.

Single-payer healthcare
Single-payer healthcare is a type of universal healthcare, in which the costs of essential healthcare for all residents are covered by a single public system (hence "single-payer"). Single-payer systems may contract for healthcare services from private organizations (as is the case in Canada) or may own and employ healthcare resources and personnel (as is the case in the United Kingdom). "Single-payer" describes the mechanism by which healthcare is paid for by a single public authority, not a private authority, nor a mix of both.