hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Livio Retti
Livio Retti (30 November 1692 – 2 January 1751) was an Italian Baroque painter who worked mainly in present-day South Germany, at the time the Duchy of Württemberg, the Duchy of Bavaria, some secular or ecclesiastical Franconian principalities and some free imperial cities such as Schwäbisch Hall.

Duchy of Württemberg
The Duchy of Württemberg (German: Herzogtum Württemberg) was a duchy located in the south-western part of the Holy Roman Empire. It was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1495 to 1803. The dukedom's long survival for over three centuries was mainly due to its size, being larger than its immediate neighbors. During the Protestant Reformation, Württemberg faced great pressure from the Catholic emperors to remain loyal. Württemberg resisted repeated French invasions in the 17th and 18th centuries, the duchy being directly in the path of French and Austrian armies who were engaged in the long rivalry between the House of Bourbon and the House of Habsburg. In 1803, Napoleon raised the duchy to be the Electorate of Württemberg. On 1 January 1806, the last elector assumed the title of King of Württemberg. Later that year, on 6 August 1806, the last Emperor, Francis II, abolished (de facto) the Holy Roman Empire.
Dinesh D.C.
Dinesh D.C. (Nepali: दिनेश डिसी) is a Nepali film director, film producer, film actor, TV actor, presenter, president of Cinema Circle Nepal and CHAIRPERSON of FILM DEVELOPMENT BOARD OF NEPAL  . His original name is Dinesh Raj Dahal. In 2019, he was awarded Prabal Janasewa Shree award for his contribution to Nepalese society by the president of Nepal. D.C. was included in the team from Nepali Film Industry along with Star Rajesh Hamal in 2018 Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli official state visit to India. He worked as Station Head of Kantipur Television Network and Station Manager of Radio Kantipur.DC served as elected President of Film Director’s Guild of Nepal in 2013.

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
Thirunellai
Thirunellai (translit=Tirunellāyi)  is a residential area in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. It is located on the banks of the Kannadi River and is about five kilometers from the district headquarters. It comes under the Kannadi Panchayath. It is about 4km from Kuzhalmannam.

Thirunellayi is famous for its Tamil Brahmin agraharam (Malayalm: പൈതൃക ഗ്രാമം, romanized: Paitr̥ka Grāmaṁ, lit. 'Heritage Village'). Thirunellayi comprises wards 35 and 36 of Palakkad Municipality.

Kannadi
Kannadi is a gram panchayat in the Palakkad district, state of Kerala,  India. The third Lulu Mall in Kerala, Lulu International Shopping Mall, Palakkad is located in Kannadi. It is a local government organisation that serves the villages of Kannadi-I and Kannadi-II.
CD River Ega
Club Deportivo River Ega is a Spanish football team based in Andosilla in the autonomous community of Navarre. Founded in 1926, it plays in Regional Preferente – Group 2. Its stadium is Campo de Fútbol Andola with a capacity of 1,500 seaters.

It is the formative club of Carlos Gurpegui, an important player for Athletic Bilbao, who was raised locally.

Carlos Gurpegui
Carlos Gurpegui Nausia (alternate spelling Gurpegi; born 19 August 1980) is a Spanish football manager and former player who played as a central defender or defensive midfielder.

He spent his entire professional career with Athletic Bilbao, which was marred by a two-year ban due to a nandrolone positive test. Over 14 La Liga seasons, he appeared in 393 matches in all competitions and scored 22 goals.
Apocalypse Now Redux
Apocalypse Now Redux is a 2001 American extended version of Francis Ford Coppola's epic 1979 war film Apocalypse Now. Coppola, along with editor and longtime collaborator Walter Murch, added 49 minutes of material that had been removed from the initial theatrical release. It is a significant re-edit of the original version. The cut premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival on May 11, 2001 and was released on August 3, 2001 by Miramax Films.

Miramax
Miramax, LLC, formerly known as Miramax Films, is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Qatari state-owned beIN Media Group and Paramount Pictures. Based in Los Angeles, California, it was founded in 1979, by brothers Harvey and Bob Weinstein.

Miramax was a leading producer and distributor of independent films until it was acquired by The Walt Disney Company on June 30, 1993. In 2010, Disney sold Miramax to Filmyard Holdings, a joint venture of Colony NorthStar, Tutor-Saliba Corporation and Qatar Investment Authority. In March 2016, Miramax was sold to beIN Media Group, which later sold a 49% stake to ViacomCBS (now known as Paramount Skydance) on April 3, 2020.
Aleksandrs Prokopčuks
Aleksandrs Prokopčuks (born 2 May 1967) is a Latvian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics, finishing in 51st place in 2:21:50.  He won the Riga Marathon in 1993 and 1996 and the Baden-Karlsruhe Marathon in Germany where he set his marathon P.R of 2.15:56 in 1995.

Riga Marathon
The Riga Marathon (also known as the Rimi Riga Marathon) is an annual road marathon held in Riga, Latvia, since 1991. A flat, single-lap marathon course in the Baltics' largest city. The marathon course has been measured and certified by AIMS, the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races and is categorized as a Gold Label Road Race by World Athletics. All courses are traffic-free. Rimi Riga Marathon is one of the fastest-growing marathons in Northern Europe. In 2025, there were 40,122 participants across all distances from 109 countries.

The marathon starts and finishes near Riga Castle, and runs through Old Riga as well as across the Daugava River. In the marathon weekend it is possible to run a 42,195 kilometer marathon distance, 21,095 kilometer half marathon, 10 kilometer, 6 kilometer and mile course distances.
Nichlas Torp
Nichlas Torp (born April 10, 1989 in Jönköping) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player for the Nybro Vikings in the HockeyAllsvenskan. He was selected in the sixth round, 163rd overall, by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.
USS Pocomoke (SP-265)
The second USS Pocomoke (SP-265), later YT-43, was a United States Navy minesweeper and tug commissioned in 1917 and sold in 1922.

Pocomoke was built as a civilian tug of the same name in 1902 at Pocomoke City, Maryland. The U.S. Navy purchased her from her owner, the Menhaden Products Company of Newport, Rhode Island, on 8 June 1917 for World War I service as a minesweeper. She was commissioned on 29 June 1917 as USS Pocomoke (SP-265).

During 1918 Pocomoke was assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England. She operated off the United States West Coast and Mexico in 1919. On 17 July 1920 was classified as a district harbor tug and redesignated YT–43.

Pocomoke was sold at San Francisco, California, on 2 May 1922.

Pocomoke should not be confused with USS Pocomoke (SP-571), a patrol vessel also in commission during World War I.

Pocomoke City, Maryland
Pocomoke City, dubbed "the friendliest town on the Eastern Shore", is a city in Worcester County, Maryland, United States. Although renamed in a burst of civic enthusiasm in 1878, the city is regularly referred to by its inhabitants simply as Pocomoke /ˈpoʊkoʊmoʊk/. The population was 4,295 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Pocomoke City is a center for commerce on the lower shore, home to an industrial park currently playing host to defense contractors, aerospace engineering, and plastics fabrication. Pocomoke City is located near the Wallops Island Flight Facility in Wallops Island, Virginia.
Micro-irrigation
Micro-irrigation, also called Micro-spray,localized, low-volume, low-flow, or trickle irrigation, is an irrigation method with lower water pressure and flow than a traditional sprinkler system. Low-volume irrigation is used in agriculture for row crops, orchards, and vineyards. It is also used in horticulture in wholesale nurseries, in landscaping for civic, commercial, and private landscapes and gardens, and in the science and practice of restoration ecology and environmental remediation. The lower volume allows the water to be absorbed into slow-percolation soils such as clay, minimizing runoff.

Percolation
In physics, chemistry, and materials science, percolation (from Latin  percolare 'to filter, trickle through', first coined in the 1840s by Edward Loysel) refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. It is not described by Darcy's law. Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.
Laval Wilson
Laval Steele Wilson is an American educator who served as superintendent of the Berkeley Unified School District, the Rochester City School District, Boston Public Schools, Paterson Public Schools, the Newburgh Enlarged City School District, East Orange School District, and the Poughkeepsie City School District. He was Rochester and Boston's first black superintendent.

Berkeley Unified School District
The Berkeley Unified School District (BUSD) is the public school district for the city of Berkeley, California, United States. The district is managed by the Superintendent of Schools, and governed by the Berkeley Board of Education, whose members are elected by voters. Its administrative offices are located in the old West Campus main building at 2020 Bonar Street, on the corner of Bonar and University Avenue.
Slammiversary XV
Slammiversary XV was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on July 2, 2017 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the thirteenth event under the Slammiversary chronology and celebrates the fifteenth anniversary of the promotion. It was also the first PPV event to be held under the Impact Wrestling name.

The event included special appearances by TNA alums Shark Boy and James Mitchell, as well as members of American Top Team and El Hijo de Dos Caras.

In October 2017, with the launch of the Global Wrestling Network, the event became available to stream on demand.

Being that Impact Wrestling was working with Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide, The Crash Lucha Libre, and Pro Wrestling Noah representatives appeared at the show including Drago and El Hijo del Fantasma (AAA), Garza Jr. and Laredo Kid (The Crash) and Naomichi Marufuji and Taiji Ishimori (NOAH).

Shark Boy
Dean Matthew Roll (born January 28, 1975) is an American professional wrestler, best known for his appearances in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name Shark Boy. Prior to his appearances in TNA, Roll competed on the independent scene from the mid-1990s onwards before being signed by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1999. Following his release from WCW six months later in 2000, Roll returned to the independent scenes, mainly competing for the World Wrestling All-Stars (WWA) promotion. He would leave WWA in 2002 to join TNA, where he became a member of the TNA X Division. He would make sporadic appearances in TNA from 2009 onwards.
Florian Leopold Gassmann
Florian Leopold Gassmann (3 May 1729 – 21 January 1774) was a German-speaking Bohemian opera composer of the transitional period between the baroque and classical eras.  He was one of the principal composers of dramma giocoso immediately before Mozart. He was one of Antonio Salieri's teachers.

Dramma giocoso
Dramma giocoso (Italian, literally: drama with jokes; plural: drammi giocosi) is a genre of opera common in the mid-18th century. The term is a contraction of dramma giocoso per musica and describes the opera's libretto (text). The genre developed in the Neapolitan opera tradition, mainly through the work of the playwright Carlo Goldoni in Venice. A dramma giocoso characteristically used a grand buffo (comic or farce) scene as a dramatic climax at the end of an act. Goldoni's texts always consisted of two long acts with extended finales, followed by a short third act. Composers Baldassare Galuppi, Niccolò Piccinni, and Joseph Haydn set Goldoni's texts to music.

The only operas of this genre that are still frequently staged are Mozart and Da Ponte's Don Giovanni (1787) and Così fan tutte (1790), Rossini's L'italiana in Algeri (1813) and La Cenerentola (1817), and Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore (1832).
Calcutta (ship)
Several ships have been named Calcutta for the Indian city of Calcutta:

Calcutta (1794 ship) was launched in 1794 on the Hooghly River. Between 1797 and 1799 she sailed to England on a voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). In 1799 the French Navy captured her, and the Royal Navy recaptured her. She was lost in 1801 in the Red Sea, sailing in support of the British Government's expedition to Egypt.

Calcutta (1798 EIC ship) was launched an East Indiaman. She made four voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), and disappeared on her fifth voyage while homeward bound from Bengal.

Calcutta (1817 ship) was launched at Chester. She was a general trader and in her early years traded with India, sailing under a license from the EIC. She suffered a maritime mishap in 1833, but then traded for another 20+ years until she was last listed in 1857 with stale data.

Calcutta (1874 ship) was a three-masted sailing ship launched at Quebec. She wrecked the very next year.

Calcutta (1874 ship)
Calcutta was a wooden three-masted sailing ship launched in Quebec in 1874. She wrecked on the north side of Grindstone Island in the Magdalen Islands, Quebec, on 8 November 1875.

Calcutta first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1874.

Calcutta left Quebec on 4 November 1875, bound for Liverpool. Four days later, in poor visibility, a strong current caused her to strike a rock. The crew and a lady passenger took to a boat, against the captain's orders. The boat overturned, drowning them. The captain and four crew members stayed with the ship and were later saved. Twenty-three people had lost their lives. Calcutta, valued at $50,000, was a total loss, as was her cargo, valued at $20,000.
Robert Ferguson (Ontario politician)
Robert Ferguson (August 16, 1834 – September 7, 1901) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Kent East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1885 to 1901 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Kilsyth, Stirlingshire, Scotland in 1834, the son of James Ferguson, and came to Howard Township with his family in 1854. He learned carpentry in Scotland and later became involved in the lumber trade in Ontario. Ferguson served as reeve for Camden Township and warden for Kent County. He was elected in an 1885 by-election held after the death of Daniel McCraney. He died at his home in Thamesville, Ontario in 1901.

Kilsyth
Kilsyth (/kɪlˈsaɪθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Cill Saidhe) is a town and civil parish in North Lanarkshire, roughly halfway between Glasgow and Stirling in Scotland. The estimated population is 10,380. The town is famous for the Battle of Kilsyth and the religious revivals of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. The town now has links with Cumbernauld at one time being part of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth District Council. The towns also have the same members of parliament at Holyrood and Westminster.
Fitting's theorem
Fitting's theorem is a mathematical theorem proved by Hans Fitting. It can be stated as follows:

If M and N are nilpotent normal subgroups of a group G, then their product MN is also a nilpotent normal subgroup of G; if, moreover, M is nilpotent of class m and N is nilpotent of class n, then MN is nilpotent of class at most m + n.

By induction it follows also that the subgroup generated by a finite collection of nilpotent normal subgroups is nilpotent. This can be used to show that the Fitting subgroup of certain types of groups (including all finite groups) is nilpotent. However, a subgroup generated by an infinite collection of nilpotent normal subgroups need not be nilpotent.

Nilpotent group
In mathematics, specifically group theory, a nilpotent group G is a group that has an upper central series that terminates with G. Equivalently, it has a central series of finite length or its lower central series terminates with {1}.

Intuitively, a nilpotent group is a group that is "almost abelian". This idea is motivated by the fact that nilpotent groups are solvable, and for finite nilpotent groups, two elements having relatively prime orders must commute. It is also true that finite nilpotent groups are supersolvable. The concept is credited to work in the 1930s by Russian mathematician Sergei Chernikov.

Nilpotent groups arise in Galois theory, as well as in the classification of groups. They also appear prominently in the classification of Lie groups.

Analogous terms are used for Lie algebras (using the Lie bracket) including nilpotent, lower central series, and upper central series.
1988 Kent Cup
The 1988 Kent Cup was an invitational non-ranking snooker tournament held in Beijing from 6 to 9 April 1988.

The invited competitors were eight professionals, six Chinese and two Hong Kong amateur players. Nine hours of nationwide coverage in China led to viewing figures of 200 million. John Parrott won the tournament, defeating Martin Clark 5–1 in the final. Parrott compiled the highest break of the tournament, 107, in the final frame of his match against Jin Weheng.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Edmund Archer (priest)
Christianity portal

Edmund Archer, D.D. (1673–1739) was an Anglican Archdeacon in the first half of the eighteenth century.

Archer was born in the parish of St Mary-at-Hill and educated at St John's College, Oxford. He held livings in Taunton, Creech St. Michael, Aisholt, Thurlbear and North Petherton. He was Archdeacon of Taunton from 1712 to 1726; and then of Archdeacon of Wells until his death.

Orchard Portman
Orchard Portman is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Taunton. The village has a population of 150.

The parish includes the hamlet of Thurlbear and the nearby Thurlbear Wood and Quarrylands Site of Special Scientific Interest. St Thomas' church in Thurlbear is home to the heaviest complete set (cast together at the same time) of four church bells in the world.
Pontso Sekatle
Pontso S. M. Sekatle (born 26 May 1957) is a politician and academic in Lesotho. Sekatle lectured at the National University of Lesotho from 1984 to 2001. In June 2001, she was appointed to the Senate of Lesotho, and on July 6, 2001 she became Minister of Health and Social Welfare. She was a member of the Qacha's Nek constituency for third time with the win in the elections in 2012 and was appointed the Minister of Local government and Chieftainship Affairs.

Dr. Sekatle in her capacity as the Minister of Local government, executed the local elections in 2005, the first of its kind in Lesotho and originally envisioned during 1968.

National University of Lesotho
The National University of Lesotho, the main and oldest university in Lesotho, is located in Roma, 34 km (21 mi) southeast of Maseru, the capital of Lesotho. The Roma valley is broad and is surrounded by a barrier of rugged mountains which provides magnificent scenery. The university enjoys a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. The governing body of the university is the council and academic policy is in the hands of Senate, both Council and Senate being established by the Act.
Thirty-One Backyards
Thirty One Backyards is a 1963 British television play directed and produced by Raymond Menmuir and starring Ray Barrett. It was written by Alan Seymour and was an episode of ITV Television Playhouse.

The play was by an Australian writer and done with Australian cast and director but was made in London. It was one of four plays by Australian writers bought for Australian television. It was made by Rediffusion.

Ray Barrett
Raymond Charles Barrett (2 May 1927 – 8 September 2009) was an Australian actor. During the 1960s, he was a leading actor on British television, where he was best known for his appearances in The Troubleshooters (1965–1971). From the 1970s, he appeared in lead and character roles in Australian films and television series.
Golon
Golon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Golon (1921–2017), French author

MaryAnne Golon (born 1960), American photojournalist

Mirosław Golon (born 1964), Polish historian

Serge Golon (1903–1972), Russian-born French geochemist, writer, and artist

Serge Golon
Serge Golon (born Vsevolod Sergeevich Golubinov, Russian: Всеволод Серге́евич Голубинов; 23 August 1903 – 12 July 1972) was a Russian-French geochemist. He is known as the husband of French author Anne Golon, author the Angélique series.
Acacia trudgeniana
Acacia trudgeniana  (common name - Trudgen's wattle) is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae. It is native to a small area in the  Gascoyne and Pilbara regions of Western Australia.

Pilbara
The Pilbara (/ˈpɪlbərə/) is a large, dry, sparsely populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal people, its geography, its red earth, and its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore. It is also a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna.
José Felipe Márquez Cañizales Municipality
José Felipe Márquez Cañizales is one of the 20 municipalities of the state of Trujillo, Venezuela. The municipality occupies an area of 648 km2 (250 sq mi) with a population of 6,492 inhabitants according to the 2011 census.

Trujillo (state)
Trujillo State (Spanish: Estado Trujillo, Spanish pronunciation: [esˈtaðo tɾuˈxiʝo] ⓘ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Its capital is Trujillo and the largest city is Valera. The state is divided into 20 municipalities and 93 parishes. Trujillo State covers a total surface area of 7,198 km2 (2,779 sq mi) and, has a 2011 census population of 686,367.