hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
C. Stuart Adams
Charles Stuart Adams is a British physicist and Professor in the Durham University Department of Physics, which he joined in 1995.

He studied at Hertford College, Oxford as an undergraduate, completed an MRes at McMaster University, and received his PhD from the University of Strathclyde.

His main research interest is experimental quantum optics.

Adams was awarded the Joseph Thomson Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics in 2014. He also received the Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize in 2020 for his experimental studies on light–matter interactions, which have often involved the use of Rydberg atoms.

Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.
Winninger
Winninger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Winninger (1884–1969), American stage and film actor

David Winninger (born 1949), Canadian provincial politician

Ray Winninger, American game designer

Ray Winninger
Ray Winninger is a game designer who has worked on a number of roleplaying games, including the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game. He is the former Executive Producer for the Wizards of the Coast Dungeons & Dragons studio.
John Jonik
John Jonik (born April 30, 1942) is an American artist, cartoonist, writer, and activist known for his fine art, gag cartoons, commercial art, and political cartoons from the late 1960s to the 2020s. Notable works include a community mural, paintings, snow globe designs, and cartoons for The New York Times, The New Yorker, and F&SF. Jonik is also active with the Philadelphia Dumpster Divers, a found object art collective dedicated to creative reuse.  His lifelong interest in games and puzzles led him to create the schizonym, a new kind of visual pun.

Commercial art
Commercial art is the art of creative services, referring to art created for commercial purposes, primarily advertising. Commercial art uses a variety of platforms (magazines, websites, apps, television, etc.) for viewers with the intent of promoting the sale and interest of products, services, and ideas. It relies on the iconic image (pictorial representations that are recognized easily to members of a culture) to enhance recall and favorable recognition for a product or service. An example of a product could be a magazine ad promoting a new soda through complementary colors, a catchy message, and appealing illustrative features. Another example could be promoting the prevention of global warming by encouraging people to walk or ride a bike instead of driving in an eye catching poster. It communicates something specific to an audience.

People can obtain training, certifications, and degrees that incorporate commercial arts in many exercises, activities, and programs.
Uniforms of the German Army (1935–1945)
The following is a general overview of the Heer main uniforms, used by the German Army prior to and during World War II.

Terms such as M40 and M43 were never designated by the Wehrmacht, but are names given to the different versions of the Model 1936 field tunic by modern collectors, to discern between variations, as the M36 was steadily simplified and tweaked due to production time problems and combat experience.

Totenkopf
Totenkopf (German: [ˈtoːtn̩ˌkɔpf], lit. 'dead person's head') is a German compound word for death's head. The word is often used to denote a figurative, graphic or sculptural symbol, common in Western culture, consisting of the representation of a human skull – usually frontal, more rarely in profile with or without the mandible. In some cases, other human skeletal parts may be added, often including two crossed long bones (femurs) depicted below or behind the skull (when it may be referred to in English as a "skull and crossbones"). The human skull is an internationally used symbol for death, the defiance of death, danger, or the dead, as well as piracy or toxicity.

In English, the term Totenkopf is commonly associated with 19th- and 20th-century German militarism, particularly in Nazi Germany.

The German word for skull, used in medical and other contexts, is Schädel; it lacks all military and other associations.
Always Happy to Explode
Always Happy to Explode is the fifth studio album by the Canadian art rock band Sunset Rubdown. Released September 20, 2024, it was the band's first studio album in 15 years and the first released on band member Spencer Krug's record label Pronounced Kroog. The album was recorded following the band's 2023 reunion tour, and it features a varied sound from their previous recordings due to the substitution in the lineup of a bass guitarist in place of their unavailable electric guitarist. Critics generally enjoyed the new iteration and album, with Exclaim! saying, "however long this reunion lasts, it's a welcome one".

Jordan Robson-Cramer
Jordan Robson-Cramer is a Canadian  multi-instrumentalist musician based in Montreal, Quebec. He was the founder and front man of the band Magic Weapon, and former member of the bands Miracle Fortress. He is also an original member of the art rock band Sunset Rubdown.
1988 Family Circle Cup – Doubles
Mercedes Paz and Eva Pfaff were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Paz with Mary Lou Daniels and Pfaff with Zina Garrison.

Daniels and Paz lost in the second round to Bettina Fulco and Emilse Raponi-Longo.

Garrison and Pfaff lost in the semifinals to Lori McNeil and Martina Navratilova.

McNeil and Navratilova won in the final 6–2, 2–6, 6–3 against Claudia Kohde-Kilsch and Gabriela Sabatini.

Gabriela Sabatini
Gabriela Beatriz Sabatini (Spanish pronunciation: [gaˈβɾjela saβaˈtini]; born 16 May 1970) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. A former world No. 3 in both singles and doubles, Sabatini was one of the leading players from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, amassing 41 titles across both disciplines.

In singles, Sabatini won the 1990 US Open, the WTA Finals in 1988 and 1994, and was runner-up at Wimbledon 1991, the 1988 US Open, and the silver medalist at the 1988 Olympics. In doubles, she won Wimbledon in 1988 partnering with Steffi Graf, and reached three French Open finals. Among Open Era players who did not reach the world No. 1 ranking, Sabatini has the most wins over reigning No. 1 players. In 2006, she was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame, and in 2018, Tennis Magazine ranked her as the 20th-greatest female player of the preceding 50 years.
Hydromash
Hydromash Joint-stock company (Russian: Гидромаш) is a large Russian firm involved in the design, development, manufacture and customer support of undercarriage and hydraulic units for aircraft landing gear systems.

The company is based in Nizhny Novgorod and designs hydraulic actuators for both civil and military aircraft and helicopters. It established fruitful cooperation with leading Western companies working in this field, such as Liebherr Group of Germany and Messier-Dowty of France.

Hydromash JSC then became involved in various international projects, such as Embraer regional jets, Airbus A320 family airliners, Airbus A330 and Airbus A340 long-haul airliners, as well as the Bombardier Global Express business jet and AgustaWestland AW139 helicopter.

In 2022, the company was included in the  "100 Best Enterprises of Russia" list.

Bombardier Global Express
The Bombardier Global Express is a large cabin, long-range business jet designed and manufactured by Bombardier Aviation.

Announced in October 1991, it first flew in October 1996, received its Canadian type certification in July 1998 and entered service in July 1999.

Initially powered by two BMW/Rolls-Royce BR710s, it shares its fuselage cross section with the Canadair Regional Jet and Challenger 600 with a new wing and tail.

The shorter range Global 5000 is slightly smaller. The XRS is an improved version of the Global Express and the Global 6000 is an upgrade to the XRS that replaces the older avionics. The longer range Global 5500/6500 are powered by new Rolls-Royce Pearl engines with lower fuel burn and were unveiled in May 2018.

The larger and stretched Global 7500/8000 have longer ranges.
2018 International GT Open
The 2018 International GT Open was the thirteenth season of the International GT Open, the grand tourer-style sports car racing founded in 2006 by the Spanish GT Sport Organización. It began on 14 April at Estoril and finished on 21 October, at Barcelona after seven double-header meetings.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Management of ME/CFS
Management of ME/CFS (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome) focuses on symptoms management, as no treatments that address the root cause of the illness are available.: 29  Pacing, or regulating one's activities to avoid triggering worse symptoms, is the most common management strategy for post-exertional malaise. Clinical management varies widely, with many patients receiving combinations of therapies. The prognosis of ME/CFS is poor, with recovery considered "rare".

There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for ME/CFS, although medications are sometimes used without approval for the illness (off-label). Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that have not been approved for market for any condition in the United States (for example, isoprinosine and rintatolimod). Rintatolimod has been approved for import and use in Argentina.

Inosine pranobex
Inosine pranobex (BAN; also known as inosine acedoben dimepranol (INN), methisoprinol, inosiplex or Isoprinosine) is an antiviral drug that is a combination of inosine and dimepranol acedoben (a salt of acetamidobenzoic acid and dimethylaminoisopropanol) in a ratio of 1 to 3. It is used primarily in European countries, especially as a treatment for acute viral infections, such as the common cold.
Economic history of the United States
The economic history of the United States spans the colonial era through the 21st century. The initial settlements depended on agriculture and hunting/trapping, later adding international trade, manufacturing, and finally, services, to the point where agriculture represented less than 2% of GDP. Until the end of the Civil War, slavery was a significant factor in the agricultural economy of the southern states, and the South entered the second industrial revolution more slowly than the North. The US has been one of the world's largest economies since the McKinley administration.

Jay Cooke
Jay Cooke (August 10, 1821 – February 16, 1905) was an American financier who helped finance the Union war effort during the American Civil War and the postwar development of railroads in the northwestern United States. He is generally acknowledged as the first major investment banker in the United States and creator of the first wire house firm.
Schule Schloss Salem
Schule Schloss Salem (Anglicisation: School of Salem Castle) is a private boarding school with campuses at Salem and Überlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Southern Germany.

It offers the German Abitur and the International Baccalaureate (IB). With service-oriented programs like a fire brigade and a THW (Technical Support Organisation), the school seeks to offer education on a social as well as an academic level.

The school was established in 1920 by educator Kurt Hahn with the support of Prince Maximilian of Baden, and it was co-educational from the start. During the period of the Third Reich, Hahn, who was Jewish, was forced to emigrate to Scotland, where he founded the British Salem School of Gordonstoun and subsequently the Outward Bound organisation and the United World Colleges.

Technisches Hilfswerk
The Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk  (German: [ˈtɛçnɪʃəs ˈhɪlfsˌvɛʁk] ⓘ, (THW) pronounced [teːhaːˈveː] ⓘ, English: Federal Agency for Technical Relief) is the federal civil protection organisation of Germany. It is legally part of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and controlled by the German federal government. 97% of its more than 88,000 members (2025) are volunteers.

The predecessor of THW was the "Technische Nothilfe" (Technical Emergency Relief) (TN), founded in 1919 by Otto Lummitzsch, a pioneer (Combat support) officer, which existed in the Weimar Republic and in Nazi Germany until 1945.
Three-Story Stone Pagoda in Eupha-ri
This pagoda is in original condition, and although the style of the pagoda is similar to that of the three storied pagoda in Sanaclong-ri, Hoengseong, it was constructed at a later time. The props of the roof have four steps. and the eaves are slightly uplifted. A hole where the chalju pillar stood can be seen on the upper surface of the roof stone of the third story. Corner pillars are carved on the body stone, but this pagoda does not have props for the body stones, which was common in stone pagodas of this period. It is believed that this pagoda was moved from a Buddhist temple in Hoengseong, but the name of the temple and its original location are not known.

Hoengseong County
Hoengseong County (Korean: 횡성군; RR: Hoengseong-gun) is a county located in the southwestern part of the South Korean state of Gangwon, bordering Pyeongchang County to the east, Yangpyeong County, Gyeonggi Province to the west, Hongcheon County to the north, and the city of Wonju and Yeongwol County to the south.

The roots of Codonopsis lanceolata (더덕; deodeok), a bonnet bellflower species, play an important role in local agriculture, as does Hanwoo beef, a specialty product.

The Korean Minjok Leadership Academy, a notable boarding school, is located in the county, an autonomous private high school that recruits students nationwide.
Moshood Abiola Polytechnic
Moshood Abiola Polytechnic also known as MAPOLY is a tertiary learning institution in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The Ojere campus is in the South-Eastern part of Abeokuta, covering about 960 hectares of rolling land bounded by the Ogun River to the south. It is named after Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, who was elected President of Nigeria in 1993, but prevented from taking office. Following the death of Chief MKO Abiola, the Polytechnic's greatest benefactor in 1998, the Institution was renamed Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta.

The polytechnic was formally established in 1980 as Ogun State Polytechnic during the military administration of Harris Eghagha. Although the idea of the Polytechnic was originally conceived by Brigadier Harris Eghagha, the government of Chief Olabisi Onabanjo saw it through. The Polytechnic started on two temporary campuses, Oke-Egunya and Onikolobo, moving to the Ojere campus between April 1985 and March 1988.

Olabisi Onabanjo
Chief Victor Olabisi Onabanjo listenⓘ(12 February 1927 – 14 April 1990) was a Nigerian journalist and politician who served as governor of Ogun State from October 1979 to December 1983, during the Nigerian Second Republic. He was of Ijebu extraction.
Gunman Chronicles
Gunman Chronicles is a 2000 first-person shooter game originally created as a mod by the now-defunct Rewolf Software. It was originally a Quake deathmatch mod named Gunmanship 101, then it was moved to Quake II's engine before becoming a Half-Life mod. Gunman Chronicles was popular at the Half-Life Mod Expo in 1999, and Sierra approached Rewolf to make a retail version. After significant work, it was released as a standalone game. Plans were drawn to release Gunman Chronicles on GameCube, but it was never released.

Deathmatch (video games)
Deathmatch, also known as free-for-all, is a gameplay mode used in many shooter games, including first-person shooter (FPS) and real-time strategy (RTS) video games, in which the objective is to eliminate opposing players as many times as possible. A deathmatch session typically ends when a predefined frag limit or time limit is reached, with victory awarded to the player who achieves the highest number of frags.
The deathmatch is an evolution of competitive multiplayer modes found in game genres such as fighting games and racing games moving into other genres.
2013 Open GDF Suez de Cagnes-sur-Mer Alpes-Maritimes
The 2013 Open GDF Suez de Cagnes-sur-Mer Alpes-Maritimes was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $100,000 in prize money. It took place in Cagnes-sur-Mer, France, on 6–12 May 2013.

Maryna Zanevska
Maryna Volodymyrivna Zanevska (Ukrainian: Марина Володимирівна Заневська; born 24 August 1993) is a Ukrainian-born Belgian former professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 62, achieved on 23 May 2022, and a WTA doubles ranking of 86, reached on 16 June 2014. Zanevska won one WTA Tour singles title and one title in singles and one in doubles on the WTA Challenger Tour. She also reached four WTA Tour doubles finals.
Ameer Muhammad Khan Jogezai
Ameer Muhammad Khan Jogezai was nominated to become the Governor of Balochistan after the resignation of Muhammad Khan Achakzai. His nomination was consented to by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan only to be rescinded later on.

A pediatrician by trade, he later declined the governorship due to investigations into allegations of embezzlement and misappropriation of funds, but then clarified that his statement about declination was misrepresented. He just requested to delay the oath taking until the embezzlement charges were investigated, otherwise he was willing to accept the position.

On 26 August 2018 the prime minister's office rejected the news reports about his appointment as a governor of Balochistan.

Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan
The Governor of Balochistan is the head of the province of Balochistan, Pakistan. The post was established on 1 July 1970, after the dissolution of West Pakistan province and the end of One Unit. Under Pakistan's current parliamentary system, the governorship is a ceremonial position, as a symbol of the federation. The governor is appointed by the centre, whereas the principal head of the provincial government remains the elected Chief Minister of Balochistan.

Despite this, Balochistan has seen several periods of martial law or governor's rule where, in the absence of a chief minister, the governor exercised broad powers. As of March 2023, Abdul Wali Kakar is serving as acting governor after the resignation of Syed Zahoor Ahmad Agha on 4 March 2023.

The first governor of the province was Riaz Hussain (1970–1971). The longest-serving governor was Rahimuddin Khan (1978–1984).
O Christmas Tree (album)
Celtic Woman: O Christmas Tree is the sixth Christmas-themed album by Irish musical ensemble Celtic Woman. The tracks were taken from the concert DVD, Celtic Woman: Home for Christmas, at The Helix in Dublin. It was the group's first album to consist entirely of live tracks. The album features vocalists Lisa Lambe, Susan McFadden and Méav Ní Mhaolchatha, and violinist Mairead Nesbitt. In contrast to the Celtic Woman: Home for Christmas album, O Christmas Tree does not feature vocalist Chloë Agnew.

Celtic Woman
Celtic Woman is an all-female Irish musical ensemble, formed in 2004 for a one-time event held in Dublin, Ireland. They started touring internationally as a group after multiple airings on PBS helped to boost the group's popularity.

Celtic Woman released their debut album Celtic Woman in 2004 and have since released more than 20 albums. They have sold more than nine million records worldwide. The group's line-up has changed over the years, involving vocalists and a fiddler. It was founded with Chloë Agnew, Órla Fallon, Lisa Kelly, Méav Ní Mhaolchatha, and Máiréad Nesbitt. They have been described as being "Riverdance for the voice."

Celtic Woman has been named Billboard World Album Artist of the Year six times.
Eikeberg
Eikeberg or Ekeberg is a village in Holmestrand Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The village is located about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the north of the village of Sande i Vestfold and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the south of the village of Skoger (in Drammen Municipality). The European route E18 highway and the Vestfoldbanen railway line both pass by just to the west of the village. The village of Klever is located on the other side of the E18 highway to the northwest of Eikeberg.

The 0.32-square-kilometre (79-acre) village has a population (2024) of 468 and a population density of 1,461 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,780/sq mi).

This village is where the writer Ragnhild Jølsen was born. The author Jens Bjørneboe's wrote the book "Dream and the wheel" about the life of Ragnhild Jølsen, and wrote about Eikeberg in this book.

European route E18
European route E18 runs between Craigavon in Northern Ireland and Saint Petersburg in Russia, passing through Scotland, England, Norway, Sweden and Finland. It is about 1,890 kilometres (1,170 miles) in length.

Although the designation implies the possibility of a through journey, this is no longer practical as there are no direct car ferry crossings between the United Kingdom and Norway.
William J. Dorgan
William J. Dorgan (November 9, 1921 – October 11, 2003) was an American Republican Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly, as Mayor of Palisades Park, New Jersey, and as a member of the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders.  Dorgan was born on November 9, 1921, in Cliffside Park, New Jersey, the son of William and Julia Dorgan. He graduated from St. Cecilia High School and attended Seton Hall University. Dorgan served in the US Coast Guard during World War II and was a Commander of VFW Post 4365.

Seton Hall University
Seton Hall University (SHU) is a private Catholic research university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States.

Seton Hall consists of 9 schools and colleges and has an undergraduate enrollment of about 5,800 students and a graduate enrollment of about 4,400. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university is known for its men's basketball team, which has appeared in 13 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournaments after making it to the final of the 1989 tournament and losing 79–80 in overtime to the Michigan Wolverines. The resulting increase in national television exposure has led to increasing numbers of applications from prospective students.