hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katharine Blodgett Gebbie
Katharine Blodgett Gebbie (July 4, 1932 – August 17, 2016) was an American astrophysicist and civil servant. She was the founding director of the Physical Measurement Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and of its two immediate predecessors, the Physics Laboratory and the Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, both for which she was the only Director. During her 22 years of management of these institutions, four of its scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 2015, the NIST Katharine Blodgett Gebbie Laboratory Building in Boulder, Colorado was named in her honor.

Awards and decorations of the United States Department of Commerce
The awards and decorations of the United States Department of Commerce are civil awards and decorations which are presented to civilian and uniformed personnel of the U.S. Department of Commerce, and members of the American public, under the authority of the United States Secretary of Commerce. They include the Commerce Bronze Medal, Commerce Silver Medal, Commerce Gold Medal, President's "E" Award, and the Ron Brown Excellence in Innovation Award.

A further set of awards and decorations are authorized for use in the Department of Commerce's NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps ("NOAA Corps").
1983 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men took place on 12 and 13 February 1983 in Oslo at the Bislett Stadion ice rink.

Title holder was the Netherlander Hilbert van der Duim.

Prior to 1986, it was possible to win the world championships by winning 3 of the 4 distances. This is why Rolf Falk-Larssen became champion even though he had a higher samalog total than Tomas Gustafson.

Hilbert van der Duim
Hilbert van der Duim (born 4 August 1957) is a Dutch former speed skater. A two-time world and European champion, Van der Duim "won often but also fell often", and has become famous for some of the incidents that happened to him during his career.
Salzer
Salzer, otherwise Saltzer and Sälzer, is a German surname meaning "salter". Notable people with this surname include the following:

Bernhard Sälzer (1940–1993), German MEP

Bruno Sälzer (born 1957), German CEO of Escada, international luxury fashion group

Else Rambausek-Salzer (1907–1994), Austrian actress and singer

Felix Salzer (1904–1986), Austrian-American music theorist and musicologist

František Salzer (1902–1974), Czech actor and director

Friedrich Salzer (1827–1876), German landscape painter

Jerry Saltzer (born 1939), American computer scientist

Lisel Salzer (1906–2005), Austrian-born American painter

Monika Salzer (born 1948) Austrian psychotherapist, Protestant theologian and pastor, columnist, and author

Otto Salzer (1874–1944), German racing car driver

Robert Samuel Salzer (1919–1988), Vice Admiral of the United States Navy

Felix Salzer
Felix Salzer (June 13, 1904 – August 12, 1986) was an Austrian-American music theorist, musicologist and pedagogue.  He was one of the principal followers of Heinrich Schenker, and did much to refine and explain Schenkerian analysis after Schenker's death.
Webometrics Ranking of Business Schools
The Webometrics Ranking of Business Schools, also known as Ranking Web of Business Schools, is a ranking system for the world's business schools based on a composite indicator that takes into account both the volume of the Web content (number of web pages and files) and the visibility and impact of these web publications according to the number of external inlinks (site citations) they received. The ranking is published by the Cybermetrics Lab, a research group of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) located in Madrid.

This ranking was discontinued in 2013 and is no longer updated.

This discontinued ranking is, however, often cited (as of 2017-06-16) by Google as its main ranking reference.

Examples are: "Spain business school ranking " =  "Zurich business school ranking" etc.

The Webometrics Ranking of World Universities is a similar ranking of universities.

Business school
A business school is a higher education institution or professional school that teaches courses leading to degrees in business administration or management.

A business school may also be referred to as school of business, school of management, management school, school of business administration, college of business, business college, or colloquially b-school or biz school.
On the Way Home
On the Way Home is the diary of an American farm wife, Laura Ingalls Wilder, during her 1894 migration with her husband Almanzo Wilder and their seven-year-old daughter, Rose, from De Smet, South Dakota, to Mansfield, Missouri, where they settled permanently.

It provides a detailed, daily description of the family's migration and includes commentary by Rose ("a setting by Rose Wilder Lane"). It was published in 1962, after Laura's death, by Harper & Bros., who had published her Little House series of novels. It is sometimes considered part of the series, which is narrowly a series of eight autobiographical children's novels based on Wilder's life from about 1870 to 1894 in South Dakota, ages about three to 27.

Rose Wilder Lane
Rose Wilder Lane (December 5, 1886 – October 30, 1968) was an American writer and daughter of American writer Laura Ingalls Wilder. Along with two other female writers, Ayn Rand and Isabel Paterson, Lane was one of the more influential advocates of the American libertarian movement.
RAF 3
The RAF 3 is a British liquid-cooled, V-12 engine developed for aircraft use during World War I. Based on the eight–cylinder RAF 1 it was designed by the Royal Aircraft Factory but produced by the two British companies of Armstrong Whitworth and Napier & Son. The RAF 7 was a high compression version of the same engine.

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Let Them Eat Precaution
Let Them Eat Precaution: How Politics is Undermining the Genetic Revolution in Agriculture is a 2005 book edited by American author and journalist Jon Entine, about how politics is affecting the use of genetically modified food. The 10 contributing authors from the United States and the United Kingdom discuss the benefits of agricultural biotechnology, offer an international perspective on opposition it faces, and suggest potential solutions.

Jon Entine
Jon Entine  (born April 30, 1952) is an American science journalist. After working as a network news writer and producer for NBC News and ABC News, Entine moved into print journalism. Entine has written seven books and is a contributing columnist to newspapers and magazines. He is the founder and executive director of the science advocacy group the Genetic Literacy Project, and a former visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. He is also the founder of the consulting company ESG Mediametrics.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020
This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this pandemic began in December 2019.

Ürümqi
Ürümqi is the capital and largest city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. With a census population of 4 million in 2020, Ürümqi is the second-largest city in China's northwestern interior after Xi'an, and the second-largest in Central Asia in terms of population, after Kabul, Afghanistan. Ürümqi has seen significant economic development since the 1990s and currently serves as a regional transport node and a cultural, political and commercial center.
ABC Motors
ABC Motors Limited ("All British (Engine) Company") of Hersham, Surrey, England was a manufacturer of cars, aircraft, motor scooters, and engines for road and air. Established by Ronald Charteris in Hersham, Surrey in 1912, its chief designer was the young and talented Granville Bradshaw. It was absorbed into Vickers in 1951 and the factory finally closed in the 1970s. Last occupied by Ian Allan Publishing as Hersham's Riverdene Industrial Estate, the factory was demolished around 2017-2018 and redeveloped as a Lidl supermarket (opened February 2019) with flats above.

Vickers
Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 1867, acquired more businesses, and began branching out into military hardware and shipbuilding.

In 1911, the company expanded into aircraft manufacture and opened a flying school. They expanded even further into electrical and railway manufacturing, and in 1928 acquired an interest in the Supermarine.

Beginning in the 1960s, various parts of the company were nationalised, and in 1999 the rest of the company was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc, which sold the defence arm to Alvis plc. The Vickers name lived on in Alvis Vickers, until the latter was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 to form BAE Systems Land Systems.
Tomás Borge
Tomás Borge Martínez (13 August 1930 – 30 April 2012), often spelled as Thomas Borge in American newspapers, was a cofounder of the Sandinista National Liberation Front in Nicaragua and was Interior Minister of Nicaragua during one of the administrations of Daniel Ortega. He was also a renowned statesman, writer, and politician. Tomás Borge also held the titles of "Vice-Secretary and President of the FSLN", member of the Nicaraguan Parliament and National Congress, and Ambassador to Peru. Considered a hardliner, he led the "prolonged people's war" tendency within the FSLN until his death.

In 2010, he stated in an interview: "I am proud to be a Sandinista, to continue being faithful to the red and black flag of our party, to continue being faithful to our revolutionary organization; and to die proud of raising the front, and not having been disloyal to my principles, nor disloyal with my friends nor my companions, nor with my flag, nor with my cries of war."

Rigoberto López Pérez
Rigoberto López Pérez (May 13, 1929 – September 21, 1956) was a Nicaraguan poet, artist and composer. He assassinated Anastasio Somoza García, the longtime dictator of Nicaragua.

On September 21, 1981, 25 years after his death, the Sandinista government of Nicaragua declared Rigoberto López Pérez a National Hero by means of Decree no. 825.
Cananea
Cananea is a city in the Mexican state of Sonora, Northwestern Mexico. It is the seat of the Municipality of Cananea, in the vicinity of the U.S−Mexico border.

The population of the city was 31,560 as recorded by the 2010 census.  The population of the municipality, which includes rural areas, was 32,936. The total area of the municipality is approximately 4,100 square kilometres (1,600 sq mi).

Corrido
A corrido (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈriðo]) is a narrative metrical tale and poetry that forms a ballad. The songs often feature topics such as oppression, history, daily life for criminals, the vaquero lifestyle, and other socially relevant themes. Corridos were widely popular during the Mexican Revolution and in the Southwestern American frontier as it was also a part of the development of Tejano and New Mexico music, which later influenced Western music.

The genre derives mainly from the romance and, in its most known form, consists of a salutation from the singer, a prologue to the story, the story itself, and a moral and farewell from the singer. In Mexico, it is still a popular genre today.

Outside Mexico, corridos are popular in Chilean national celebrations of Fiestas Patrias.
Maksymilian Goldstein
Maksymilian Goldstein (December 9, 1880 – c. 1942; English: Maximilian Goldstein) was a Polish Jewish historian, art critic and collector. He owned a private museum featuring Eastern-European Jewish folk art and Judaica. He made great efforts to save the museum from the Nazis. Ultimately, the Nazis murdered him and his entire family.

Private collection
A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items.  In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast, collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine bookbindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their collections are typically referred to as libraries.
Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan
Uzbeks are an ethnic group native to Kyrgyzstan, where they are the largest minority group, comprising about 15% of the population. They have a long history in the region and have played a significant role in the culture and economy of Kyrgyzstan. Many Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan live in the southern part of the country, particularly in the cities of Osh, Jalal-Abad and Özgön.

Manas (city)
Manas (/məˈnɑːs/; Kyrgyz: [mɑnɑ́s]), called Jalal-Abad until 2025, is the administrative and economic centre of Jalal-Abad Region in southwestern Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 88 square kilometres (34 sq mi), and its resident population was 123,239 in 2021. It is situated at the north-eastern end of the Fergana Valley along the Kögart river valley, in the foothills of the Babash Ata mountains, near the border with Uzbekistan.
Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area
The Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area is a congressionally designated National Heritage Area which includes the Hudson Valley in the U.S. state of New York from Saratoga Springs south almost to New York City. It is one of 62 National Heritage Areas in the United States. It provides a unified promotional framework for a select number of the area's tourist attractions, with concentration on the area's architecture, history, landscape, artistic heritage and environment, as well as interpretation of the area's historical significance in the American Revolution, the Industrial Revolution and its continuing history through the present day. As of mid-2024, legislative efforts are underway to expand the boundaries of the Maurice D. Hinchey Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area to include Saratoga and Washington Counties. This proposal aims to recognize and preserve the historical and cultural significance of these additional regions within the heritage area.

Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track operated by the New York Racing Association, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses".
Domaine Ramonet-Prudhon
Domaine Ramonet-Prudhon is a white French Wine producer growing Chardonnay grapes in the Grand Cru vineyard of Batard-Montrachet in Burgundy. Steven Spurrier selected the Batard-Montrachet Ramonet-Prudhon 1973 for the historic Judgment of Paris wine competition, in which it was ranked seventh among ten French and California wines. The wine also competed in the Great Chardonnay Showdown held in 1980.

Great Chardonnay Showdown
The Great Chardonnay Shootout, held in the spring of 1980, was organized by Craig Goldwyn, the wine columnist for the Chicago Tribune  and the founder of the Beverage Testing Institute, with help from three Chicago wine stores. A total of 221 Chardonnays from around the world were selected for the blind wine competition. France and California were heavily represented, but entries from many countries around the world were included.
Three Against the World
Three Against the World is a 1988 Hong Kong action film directed by Brandy Yuen and starring Andy Lau as a bounty hunter entrusted by his godfather to protect the priceless Koran and outwit a master thief (Teddy Robin) and friendly rival (Norman Chui) who are looking to pinch the scroll.

Sandy Lam
Sandy Lam Yik-lin (林憶蓮; born 26 April 1966), is a Hong Kong singer and actor. Initially a DJ, she released her debut album Sandy Lam (1985) and established herself as a pop diva in the 1990s. She won the Golden Melody Award for Best Mandarin Female Singer twice for Her albums, Gaia (2012) and 0 (2018).
Toros, Erdemli
Toros (named after the mountain range in which the village has been founded) or Küçüksorgun, as it is popularly called, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Erdemli, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 322 (2022). Its distance to Erdemli is 55 kilometres (34 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 90 kilometres (56 mi). It is also connected to Ayrancı in the Karaman Province to the north over the mountains by a stabilized road through 300-year-old cedar forests. The village is situated in the Taurus Mountains and is one of the highest locations of the Mersin Province. In the summer it is used as a summer resort, a so-called yayla.

Around Toros, there are ruins dating back to the Roman and Byzantine eras and tombstones from the Ottoman era. The main economic activities of the village are vegetable agriculture and beekeeping. The main crops are tomato, cucumber, beans and cabbage.

Karaman Province
Karaman Province (Turkish: Karaman ili) is a province of south-central Turkey. Its area is 8,678 km2, and its population is 260,838 (2022). According to the 2000 census, the population was 243,210. The population density is 30 people/km2. The traffic code is 70. The capital is the city of Karaman. Karaman was the location of the Karamanid Beylik, which came to an end in 1486.
Rocher Siyyan
Rocher Siyyan is a striking isolated white islet in the middle of the marshy bay to the west of Ras Siyyan peninsula. It is situated off the coast of Djibouti, in the Bab-el-Mandeb strait between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. The rock belongs to Djibouti's Obock District.

Rocher Siyyan is located about 800 m southwest from the volcanic hill that is the northern tip of Ras Siyyan, and about 1500 m from the mainland's shoreline.

It is 55 meters long, up to 45 meters wide, and has an area of barely 2,000 square meters.

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
Sendhoora Devi
Sendhoora Devi (also spelled Senthura Devi) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language children's comedy drama film directed by Rama Narayanan. The film stars Vivek, Kanaka and Shamili, with Senthil, Vennira Aadai Moorthy, Kumarimuthu and Kitty playing supporting roles. It was released on 22 June 1991.

Shamlee
Shamlee (born 10 July 1987) is an Indian former actress who has worked in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam films. Her roles include the  mentally challenged child Anjali in the 1990 Tamil-language film Anjali, for which she won the National Film Award for Best Child Artist, and a child trapped inside a bore-well in the Malayalam-language film Malootty, which won her a Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist. She has also won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Child Actor for her performance in her Kannada debut Mathe Haditu Kogile.
Phyllonorycter caryaealbella
Phyllonorycter caryaealbella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Georgia, Kentucky, Wisconsin and Florida in the United States.

The wingspan is about 5 mm.

The larvae feed on Carya illinoinensis and Carya ovata. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a tentiform mine on the underside of the leaf. The parenchyma is eaten off of the upper cuticle in a ring, leaving a green spot in the centre, which is then eaten off. The pupa is contained in an oval cocoon made of frass.

Pecan
The pecan (/pɪˈkæn/ pih-KAN, also US: /pɪˈkɑːn, ˈpiːkæn/ pih-KAHN, PEE-kan, UK: /ˈpiːkən/ PEE-kən; Carya illinoinensis) is a species of hickory native to the Southern United States and northern Mexico in the region of the Mississippi River.

Originally native to the south-central U.S., the tree is cultivated for its seed primarily in the U.S. states of Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana and in Mexico. The seed is an edible nut used as a snack and in various recipes, such as praline candy and pecan pie. The pecan is the state nut of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Texas, and Louisiana, and is also the state tree of Texas.
Cornhill
Cornhill can refer to:

Cornhill, Aberdeen

Cornhill, Aberdeenshire

Cornhill, Boston, formerly a street in Boston

Cornhill, London, a street and ward in the City of London

Cornhill Magazine, literary publication in print until 1975

Cornhill-on-Tweed, Northumberland

Cornhill Insurance, a United Kingdom insurance company owned by Allianz

Royal Cornhill Hospital, a psychiatric hospital in Aberdeen

The Cornhill, Ipswich, a historic town square in Ipswich

Cornhill, Utica, New York

Gervase de Cornhill (died c. 1183), a medieval sheriff

Henry de Cornhill (sheriff) (died c. 1193), a medieval sheriff

Henry de Cornhill (priest), medieval Dean of St Paul's Cathedral

HM Prison Shepton Mallet, sometimes known as Cornhill.

The Cornhill Magazine
The Cornhill Magazine (1860–1975) was a monthly Victorian magazine and literary journal named after the street address of the founding publisher Smith, Elder & Co. at 65 Cornhill in London. In the 1860s, under the editorship of William Makepeace Thackeray, the paper's large circulation peaked around 110,000. Due to emerging competitors, circulation fell to 20,000 by 1870. The following year, Leslie Stephen took over as editor. When Stephen left in 1882, circulation had further fallen to 12,000. The Cornhill was purchased by John Murray in 1912, and continued to publish issues until 1975.
Slatina, Laktaši
Slatina (Serbian Cyrillic: Слатина, pronounced: [slatina]) is a spa town in the municipality of Laktaši in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The history of the spa resort dates from the 1820s. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 1,344.

Banja Luka
Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бања Лука, pronounced [bǎɲa lǔːka] ⓘ) or Banjaluka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалука, pronounced [baɲalǔːka]) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most populous in Republika Srpska. It is Republika Srpska‘s main economic, political, and administrative center. Banja Luka is the traditional centre of the densely forested Bosanska Krajina region of northwestern Bosnia & Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the city proper has a population of 138,963, while its administrative area comprises a total of 185,042 inhabitants.

The city is home to the University of Banja Luka and the University Clinical Center of the Republika Srpska, as well as numerous entities and state institutions for the Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. The city is located on the Vrbas river. Banja Luka was designated a European city of Sport in 2018.