hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
WorldWide Access
WorldWide Access, also known as WWA, was an Internet service provider based in Chicago, Illinois. WorldWide Access was the service name of the company, which was called Computing Engineers, Inc.

WorldWide Access operated from 1993 until 1998, when it was acquired by Verio.  At that time, WWA was located on the nineteenth floor of the Civic Opera Building at 20 N. Wacker Dr., where it had moved from the seventh floor six months earlier.

Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.
William W. Ullery
William Warner "Jiggs" Ullery (May 2, 1897 – December 23, 1989) was an American football player and college football and basketball coach. He played one season for the Dayton Triangles of the National Football League (NFL) in 1922.

Ullery served as the head football coach (1928–1934) and head men's basketball coach (1929–1934) at Susquehanna University in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania.

Susquehanna University
Susquehanna University is a private liberal arts college in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, United States. Its name is derived from the original Susquehannock settlers of the region. Founded in 1858 as a missionary institute, it became a four-year liberal arts college in 1895. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. In addition to an arts and sciences focus, Susquehanna has a business school, master's degrees in education, and joint-degree programs in engineering and for a Master of Business Administration.

The academic programs are within the four schools of the arts, humanities, natural and social sciences, and the AACSB International-accredited Sigmund Weis School of Business. Susquehanna University enrolls more than 2,200 undergraduate students from 33 states and 23 countries, and maintains a student-to-faculty ratio of 12 to 1.
Sörenberg
Sörenberg is a village in the Swiss Alps, located in the southern part of the canton of Lucerne. The village lies in the municipality of Flühli in the Entlebuch region, near the upper end of the Waldemme valley.

Sörenberg lies at an altitude of 1,159 metres (3,802 ft) above sea level and is surrounded by mountains over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). On its south side the village is overlooked by the Brienzer Rothorn (2,350 m / 7,710 ft), the highest mountain in the canton of Lucerne. On the west is the Schrattenfluh (2,092 m / 6,864 ft), a large karstic mountain. To the east, the Glaubenbielen Pass crosses to Giswil in the canton of Obwalden.

In winter Sörenberg includes a ski area. A year-round cable car leads to the summit of the Brienzer Rothorn.

Schrattenfluh
The Schrattenfluh (also spelled Schrattenflue) is a mountain of the Swiss Alps, located in the upper Emmental, in the canton of Lucerne. The Schrattenfluh is composed of several summits of which the highest (2,092 m (6,864 ft)) is named Hengst.
Busy Buddies (film)
Busy Buddies is a 1944 short subject directed by Del Lord starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the 78th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Più che puoi
"Più che puoi" ("As Much As You Can") is a duet by Italian singer Eros Ramazzotti and American singer-actress Cher, released on July 3, 2001 by BMG International. It was also the third single from Ramazzotti's eighth studio album, Stilelibero.

Bertelsmann Music Group
Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) was a division of a German media company Bertelsmann before its relaunch and completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Sony Corporation of America on 1 October 2008.

Although it was established in 1987, the music company was formed as RCA/Ariola International in 1985 as a joint venture to combine the music label activities of RCA's RCA Records division and Bertelsmann's Ariola Records and its associated labels which include Arista Records. It consisted of the BMG Music Publishing company, the world's third largest music publisher and the world's largest independent music publisher and (since August 2004) the 50% share of the joint venture with Sony Music, which established the German American Sony BMG from 2004 to 2008.
Tamon George
Tamon George (born November 21, 1987) is a Canadian former professional football defensive back who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted by the Roughriders in the second round of the 2009 CFL draft and signed with the team May 26, 2009. He played CIS football for the Regina Rams.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
2015 Knurów riots
The 2015 Knurów riots was the biggest unrest among ultras and football fans in Poland since the Słupsk street riots 1998, in protest at the killing of Dawid Dziedzic, a fan at lower league football match by police. Although the rioting has ceased, tensions remained high for several weeks as fans from around the globe continued to publicly condemn the actions of the police.

Association football culture
Association football culture, or football culture, refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football. As the sport is global, the culture of the game is diverse, with varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness in each country. In many countries, football has ingrained itself into the national culture, and parts of life may revolve around it. Many countries have daily football newspapers, as well as football magazines. Football players, especially in the top levels of the game, have become role models.

Football has 160 years of history. The rules were first written in England in 1863, and since then a vast and diverse culture has emerged. The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players, fans and clubs see the sport. Held every four years, the FIFA World Cup is a "month long festival of football", with The Independent adding "its extreme popularity across the expanse of the globe giving it a uniquely universal audience".
James Wilson I (New Hampshire politician)
James Wilson (August 16, 1766 – January 4, 1839) was a U.S. Representative from New Hampshire, father of James Wilson II.

Born in Peterborough, New Hampshire, Wilson attended Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, and graduated from Harvard University in 1789. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1792, commencing practice in Peterborough. He served as member of the State House of Representatives between 1803–1808 and 1812–1814.

Wilson was elected as a Federalist to the Eleventh Congress (March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1811). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1810 and resumed the practice of law, moving to Keene, New Hampshire, in 1815.

He died in Keene, January 4, 1839, and was interred in Woodland Cemetery.

Peterborough, New Hampshire
Peterborough is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 6,418 at the 2020 census. The main village, with 3,090 people at the 2020 census, is a census-designated place (CDP) and lies along the Contoocook River at the junction of U.S. Route 202 and New Hampshire Route 101. Peterborough is 38 miles (61 km) west of Manchester and 72 miles (116 km) northwest of Boston.
Znamianka Raion
Znamianskyi Raion was a raion (district) of Kirovohrad Oblast in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the city of Znamianka, which was incorporated separately as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast to four. The area of Znamianka Raion was merged into Kropyvnytskyi Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 21,755 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Dmytrivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Dmytrivka;

Subottsi rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Subottsi.

Subottsi rural hromada
Subottsi rural hromada is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast. Its administrative center is the village Subottsi.

It has an area of 532.6 square kilometres (205.6 mi2), and a population of 11,832 people.

The hromada contains 23 villages: Subottsi, Bohdanivka, Kostyantynivka, Trepivka, Barvinivka, Vasyne, Volodymyrivka, Hlyboka Balka, Dilyno-Kamianka, Kopani, Kokhanivka, Kucherivka, Milova Balka, Moshoryne, Novovodyane, Novopolyana, Novoromanivka, Novotrepivka, Sablyne, Spaso-Mozharivka, and Topylo.
Johann Gutslaff
Johann(es) Gutslaff (died 1657 in Tallinn) was a Baltic-German clergyman, scholar, Estonian language enthusiast, Bible translator, and folklore collector.

He studied at Greifswald University (1632) and at Leipzig University (1634).

In 1639 he came to Estonia. There he attended the Faculty of Theology at Tartu University. At the university, he also studied South Estonian.  From 1641 to 1656 he was a pastor in Urvaste, and there he wrote all his works.

He died of the plague in 1657 in Tallinn.

University of Greifswald
The University of Greifswald (German: [ˈɡʁaɪfsvalt]; German: Universität Greifswald), formerly known as Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, is a public research university located in Greifswald, Germany, in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Founded in 1456, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, with generations of notable alumni and staff having studied or worked in Greifswald. As the fourth oldest university in present Germany, it was temporarily also the oldest university of the Kingdoms of Sweden (1648–1815) and Prussia (1815–1945), respectively. Approximately two-thirds of the 10,179 students are from outside the state, including international students from 90 countries all over the world.
Deer Valley, Phoenix
Deer Valley is located in the city of Phoenix, Arizona, United States. As of 2010, the population was 165,656, 25% of whom were under 18 years of age. The origin of the name is unclear; it first appeared on a 1921 United States General Land Office map of the area describing the valley created by Skunk Creek.

Deer Valley Unified School District
Deer Valley Unified School District #97 (DVUSD) is a Pre-K–12 school district, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. DVUSD is the fifth largest school district in the state of Arizona, serving areas of Phoenix, Glendale, Peoria, Anthem, New River, New River and numerous unincorporated areas of northwest Maricopa County. Situated within the Sonoran Desert, the District has grown from its modest beginnings as a county accommodation school located in New River in 1934 to 42 campuses serving 34,000 students: 15 K–6 elementary schools, 19 K–8 schools, three middle schools, and five comprehensive high schools, plus an online K-12 school and 2 alternative schools. Early childhood education opportunities are offered through DVUSD Community Education Preschool/PreKindergarten (15 sites), and Head Start (five sites). Twelve schools receive Title I funding. District facilities include District Office, Support Services Center, Transportation and Administrative Services.
Internet censorship and surveillance in Europe
Unclassified / No data

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in Europe provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in Europe.

Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the Freedom on the Net reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.

File sharing
File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books. Common methods of storage, transmission and dispersion include removable media, centralized servers on computer networks, Internet-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking.

File sharing technologies, such as BitTorrent, are integral to modern media piracy, as well as the sharing of scientific data and other free content.
All Star Junior Festival 2023
All Star Junior Festival 2023 was an interpromotional professional wrestling pay-per-view event organized by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). It was held on March 1, 2023 at Korakuen Hall in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. The event, which was produced by NJPW wrestler Hiromu Takahashi, featured the participation of junior heavyweight wrestlers from over 20 different promotions from around the world.

In the main event, NJPW's Master Wato defeated All Japan Pro Wrestling's Atsuki Aoyagi. In other prominent matches, Taiji Ishimori defeated Soberano Jr., Shun Skywalker, Ninja Mack, and Yo-Hey in a five-way match and Hiromu Takahashi teamed with Fujita "Jr." Hayato and Amakusa to defeat Hayata, Yamato, and Kazuki Hashimoto.

El Soberano
El Soberano (Spanish for "the Sovereign"; born August 12, 1993), or Soberano Jr., is a Mexican luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler), who works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). A third-generation wrestler, he is the son of Euforia and grandson of Pablo Moreno Román, also known under the ring name El Soberano. His real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

In his career, he has won the 2013 Torneo Sangre Nueva, the 2017 La Copa Junior Nuevo Valores and 2017 Torneo Gran Alternativa tournaments. He is a one-time CMLL World Middleweight Champion and one-time Mexican National Welterweight Champion. Alongside tag team partner Star Jr. (collectively known as Los Principes del Aire), he has won the masks of Ramstein and Cholo.
2020 FIA WTCR Race of Belgium
The 2020 FIA WTCR Race of Belgium was the first round of the 2020 World Touring Car Cup and the first running of the FIA WTCR Race of Belgium. It was held on 12 and 13 September 2020 at Circuit Zolder in Heusden-Zolder, Belgium.

2020 World Touring Car Cup
The 2020 World Touring Car Cup was the third season of the World Touring Car Cup and 16th overall of the series, which dates back to the 2005 World Touring Car Championship.

The drivers' championship was won by Yann Ehrlacher. The teams' championship was won by Cyan Racing Lynk & Co.
Daisy Wende
Daisy Urquiola Wende (née Sarmiento, 3 August 1929 – 10 June 2025) was a Bolivian fashion designer. She was one of the first national designers to see the potential of Alpaca wool for high fashion and export. She created the women's triangular poncho in the 1960s, a time when the poncho was related to masculinity.

Masculinity
Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as anyone can exhibit masculine traits. Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods. In Western cultures, its meaning is traditionally drawn from being contrasted with femininity.
Gerhard Fankhauser
Gerhard Fankhauser (1901–1981) was an embryologist known for his studies on amphibian development. He was a professor at Princeton from 1931 to 1969, where he retired as the Edwin Grant Conklin Professor of Biology.

Frankhauser was born in Burgdorf, Switzerland in 1901. He received his doctorate from the University of Bern in 1924 and came to the United States in 1929 as a Rockefeller research fellow at the University of Chicago. Fankhauser completed his doctorate under Fritz Baltzer and has trained Alan Humphries, who studied frog oocytes at Emory University.

Fankhauser taught an undergraduate course in comparative natural history and a graduate course in experimental embryology and developmental genetics.

Gerhard Fankhauser's wife, Erna Fankhauser, worked as a language instructor and died in a head-on collision on November 6, 1954.

Burgdorf, Switzerland
Burgdorf (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈbʊrɡˌdɔrf] ⓘ; French: Berthoud [bɛʁtu]; High Alemannic: Bùùrdlef) is the largest city in the Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It was the capital of the district of the same name until 2010, when it became part of the new Emmental district.
The Incredible World of James Bond
The Incredible World of James Bond is a 1965 American television special produced by David L. Wolper for United Artists Television to showcase the James Bond film series and promote the upcoming December 1965 release of the film Thunderball.

In the United States, the show replaced The Man from U.N.C.L.E. on NBC on Friday, November 26, 1965; the day after American Thanksgiving that unofficially begins the shopping frenzy for Christmas. It was the highest rated American television show for the week.

Film series
A film series or movie series is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe, or are marketed as a series. It is a type of series fiction.

This article explains what film series are and gives brief examples of movie series. The body shows a list of the most popular film series and franchises in the United States and Canada.
Clair Tisseur
Clair Tisseur (27 January 1827, in Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, Rhône – 30 September 1896, in Nyons, Drôme), was a French architect whose best known work is Église du Bon-Pasteur, a prominent Romanesque Revival church in the 1st arrondissement of Lyon. He is also remembered as a historian, linguist, biographer, poet, novelist, journalist, moralist, and satirist who frequently published his writings under the pen name Nizier du Puitspelu.

Tisseur organized and mentored a cultural society in Lyon called L'Alme et Inclyte Académie du Gourguillon, founded in 1879, that published numerous works during the Third Republic and into the 20th century. Members of the society included writers (Auguste Bleton, Henri Béraud, Monseigneur Lavarenne), artists (Pierre Combet-Descombes), and political leaders (Salles, Godard) who were active in Lyon.

French cinematographer Philippe Roger created a documentary film about Clair Tisseur entitled Clair l'obscur in 2000.

Henri Béraud
Henri Béraud (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi beʁo]; 21 September 1885 in Lyon – 24 October 1958 in Saint-Clément-des-Baleines, Ré Island), also known as Tristan Audebert, was a French novelist and journalist. He was sentenced to death in 1945, which was later commuted to life imprisonment, for collaboration with Germany.
Vilsmeier–Haack reaction
The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction (also called the Vilsmeier reaction) is the chemical reaction of a substituted formamide (1) with phosphorus oxychloride and an electron-rich arene (3) to produce an aryl aldehyde or ketone (5):

RC(=O)NR′R″ + HArZ + POCl3 + H2O → RC(=O)ArZ + NR′R″H + HCl + H3PO4

The reaction is named after Anton Vilsmeier and Albrecht Haack.

For example, benzanilide and dimethylaniline react with phosphorus oxychloride to produce an unsymmetrical diaryl ketone. Similarly, anthracene is formylated at the 9-position. The reaction of anthracene with N-methylformanilide, also using phosphorus oxychloride, gives 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde:

N-Methylformanilide and anthracene and phosphorus oxychloride

In general, the electron-rich arene (3) must be much more active than benzene for the reaction to proceed; phenols or anilines are good substrates.

Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline. It is a tertiary amine, featuring a dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group.  This oily liquid is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow.  It is an important precursor to dyes such as crystal violet.
1994 Waldbaum's Hamlet Cup
The 1994 Waldbaum's Hamlet Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 14th edition of the event known that year as the Waldbaum's Hamlet Cup, and was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It took place at the Hamlet Golf and Country Club in Commack, Long Island, New York, United States, from August 22 through August 28, 1994.

The singles field was led by ATP No. 2, Wimbledon runner-up, Kitzbühel and Tokyo indoor winner Goran Ivanišević, Doha, Stuttgart indoor and Washington titlist Stefan Edberg, and Jakarta, Philadelphia, Hong Kong, Atlanta and Cincinnati champion Michael Chang. Also competing were Australian Open runner-up, Wimbledon semifinalist Todd Martin, Adelaide and Copenhagen titlist Yevgeny Kafelnikov, Cédric Pioline, Marc Rosset and Arnaud Boetsch.

Fifth-seeded Yevgeny Kafelnikov won the singles title.

1994 Legg Mason Tennis Classic
The 1994 Legg Mason Tennis Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington D.C., United States. It was the 26th edition of the tournament and was held from July 18 through July 24, 1994 and was part of the Championship Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. Second-seeded Stefan Edberg, who entered the tournament on a wildcard, won the singles title.