hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canton of Loudun
The canton of Loudun is an administrative division of the Vienne department, western France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Loudun.

It consists of the following communes:

Vienne (department)
Vienne (French pronunciation: [vjɛn] ⓘ vyen; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Viéne) is a landlocked department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the river Vienne. It had a population of 438,435 in 2019.
Pittaluga
Pittaluga is an Italian surname. Variants of Pittaluga include Pitaluga and Piccaluga. The original spelling of the name is Pitaluga, as pità l'uga in the Genoese dialect literally translates to "pick the grape", "Enjoys the taste of grapes". Could also be a reference to Frankish Gauls & Lombard Italy. After the unification of Italy, however, like many other names the Florentine dialect (the official national Italian language) adapted the spelling to become Pittaluga.

Notable people with the surname include:

Francesco Pittaluga (born 1911), Italian rower

Gustavo Pittaluga (doctor) (1876–1956), Italian doctor and biologist

Gustavo Pittaluga (composer) (1906–1975), Spanish composer

Stefano Pittaluga (1887–1932), Italian film producer

Gustavo Pittaluga (doctor)
Gustavo Pittaluga Fattorini (1876 in Florence, Italy – 1956 in Havana, Cuba) was a doctor and biologist. Nationalized Spanish in 1904 Pittaluga made contributions to the development of haematology and the parasitology, as well as by his contributions to national and international fight against malaria and other protozoans causing diseases. Pittaluga studied medicine in the University of Rome, where he became a doctor in 1900 with a thesis on acromegaly. Although he had become interested in psychiatry, a subject in which he never lost the interest, he became the assistant of the doctor and naturalist Giovanni Battista Grassi, a specialist in the zoology of invertebrates and protozoans. Grassi was one of the team (including Pittaluga) who demonstrated that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.
Onchestus (river)
Onchestus or Onchestos (Ancient Greek: Ὀγχηστός), was a river of ancient Thessaly, flowing near Scotussa, through the battlefield of Cynoscephalae into Lake Boebeis. It is perhaps the same river as the Onochonus or Onochonos (Ὀνόχωνος), whose waters were exhausted by the army of Xerxes I during the Persian invasion of Greece. It is true that Herodotus describes this river as flowing into the Peneius; but in this he was probably mistaken, as its course must have been into Lake Boebeis.

Cynoscephalae Hills (Thessaly)
39°25′N 22°34′E﻿ / ﻿39.417°N 22.567°E﻿ / 39.417; 22.567
Cynoscephalae (Ancient Greek: Κυνὸς κεφαλαί, meaning "dog's heads") was the name of a range of hills in ancient Thessaly, a little to the south of Scotussa, in whose territory they were situated. They are described by Polybius as rugged, broken, and of considerable height; and are memorable as the scene of two battles: Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC), between the Thebans and Alexander of Pherae, in which Pelopidas was slain; and Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC), of still greater celebrity, in which Philip V of Macedon was defeated by the Roman consul Titus Quinctius Flamininus.
Figure of a Saint
Figure of a Saint was a modern dance solo choreographed by Martha Graham to the music of George Frideric Handel. The work premiered on January 24, 1929, at The Bennett School in Millbrook, New York. The all solo program also included: Valse Noble, Maid with the Flaxen Hair, Fragilite, In a Boat, Insincerities (Petulance, Remorse, Politeness, Vivacity), Tanagra (Gnossienne 1 and 2), Scherzo Waltz, Deux Valses Sentimentales, Prelude and La Cancion. Louis Horst accompanied Graham on piano.

Louis Horst
Louis Horst (born January 12, 1884, Kansas City, Missouri – died January 23, 1964, New York City) was a composer, and pianist. He helped to define the principles of modern dance choreographic technique, most notably the matching of choreography to pre-existing musical structure and the use of contemporary music for dance scores.
Kayankerni Bridge
Kayankerni Bridge is a road bridge in eastern Sri Lanka. The bridge was formally opened on 19 October 2011.

The bridge is 85 m (279 ft) long. The bridge cost 202 million rupees (US$1.8 million) and was financed by a soft loan from the French Development Agency's Trincomalee Integrated Infrastructure Project and the Sri Lankan Government's Kilakku Vasantham (Eastern Awakening) programme. The bridge is part of the A15 Batticaloa-Trincomalee highway. The bridge replaced a ferry boat service that had been transporting people and vehicles across the river.

A15 road (Sri Lanka)
The A 15 road is an A-Grade trunk road in Sri Lanka. It connects Batticalao with Trincomallee via Tirikkondiadimadu.

The A 15 passes through Eravur, Morakottanchenai, Valaichenai, Mankerny, Vaharai, Verugal, Serunuwara, Palaithoppur, Muttur, Kinniya and Ganeshapuram to reach Trincomallee.
Primnoa
Primnoa (Lamororux, 1812) also known as red tree coral, is a genus of soft corals and the type genus of the family Primnoidae (Milne Edwards, 1857). They are sessile, benthic cnidarians that can be found in the North Pacific, North Atlantic, and Subantarctic South Pacific, and its members often play a vital ecological role as keystone species within their environment as a habitat and refuge for the megafauna that also inhabit those regions. This, in combination with their slow growth, makes the increasing disturbance to their habitats caused by fishing activities particularly impactful and difficult to recover from.

Sessility (motility)
Sessility, a property of certain animals, is a lack of self-locomotion. Sessile animals do not have natural motility, and are immobile unless there are external forces (such as water currents). Usually, sessile animals are permanently attached to a solid object, such as a rock, a dead tree trunk, or a human-made object such as a buoy or ship's hull. Organisms such as corals lay down their own substrate from which they grow.

Biological sessility differs from the botanical concept of sessility, which refers to an organism or biological structure attached directly by its base without a stalk.
Velocette
Velocette is a range of motorcycles made by Veloce Ltd, in Hall Green, Birmingham, England. One of several motorcycle manufacturers in Birmingham, Velocette was a small, family-owned firm, selling almost as many hand-built motorcycles during its lifetime as the mass-produced machines of the giant BSA and Norton concerns. Renowned for the quality of its products, the company was "always in the picture" in international motorcycle racing from the mid-1920s until the 1950s, culminating in two World Championship titles (1949–1950 350 cc) and its legendary and still-unbeaten (for single-cylinder, 500 cc machines) 24 hours at over 100 mph (161 km/h) record. Veloce, while small, was a great technical innovator and many of its patented designs are commonplace on motorcycles today, including the positive-stop foot shift and swinging arm rear suspension with hydraulic dampers. The business suffered a gradual commercial decline during the late 1960s, eventually closing in February 1971.

Noddy (character)
Noddy is a fictional character created by English children's author Enid Blyton. He is depicted as a wooden toy with a childlike view of the world. He resides in the fictional setting of Toyland, where he works as a taxi driver. Noddy is known for driving a yellow car with red decals, and is depicted with a variety of supporting toy characters, including Ralfo "Big Ears" McCloy, a brownie who is Noddy's best friend, and Mr. Plod, the local policeman.

Noddy first appeared in a book series published between 1949 and 1963, illustrated by the Dutch artist Harmsen van der Beek from 1949 until his death in 1953, after which the work was continued by Mary Brooks, Robert Lee, Robert Tyndall and Peter Wienk. Television shows based on the character have run on British television from 1955 to 2020.
North Eastern Sabah Railway Line
The North Eastern Sabah Railway Line (Malay: Laluan Keretapi Utara Timur Sabah) is a proposed railway line from the city of Kota Kinabalu that would connect Kudat, Sandakan and Tawau as part of the Sabah State Railway line extension plan. The plan was supported by the Malaysian federal government represented by Transport Minister Liow Tiong Lai on 17 September 2015. On 21 March 2017, the study to establish the line to Kudat started, with around RM1 million being allocated.

Until 2021, Sabah Deputy Chief Minister Bung Mokhtar Radin explained that the proposed line was still in the planning stage with the study to be implemented by the following year, in 2022.

Bung Moktar Radin
Bung Moktar bin Radin (15 September 1959 – 5 December 2025) was a Malaysian politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Kinabatangan from 1999 until his death in December 2025. A member and former State Chief of UMNO Sabah, he served as the Deputy Chief Minister I of Sabah from 2020 to 2023, and represented Lamag in the Sabah State Legislative Assembly from 2020 until his death.

Born in Kinabatangan, Sabah, Bung graduated from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and later worked as civil servant before joining politics. An influential figure in Sabah politics, he was the Chairman of Sabah Barisan Nasional and the United Malays National Organisation in Sabah from 2018 to 2025, and the Deputy Chairman of the Barisan Nasional Backbenchers Club (BNBBC) from 2008 to 2018.
Derevenki, Kursk Oblast
Derevenki (Russian: Деревеньки) is a rural locality (a settlement at the railway halt) in Vyshnederevensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  61 (2010 Census); 97 (2002 Census);

Lgovsky District
Lgovsky District (Russian: Льго́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central eastern part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,080 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Lgov (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 11,942 (2021 Census); 14,451 (2010 Census);  19,313 (2002 Census); 23,866 (1989 Soviet census).
Transverse cervical artery
The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck or transversa colli artery) is an artery in the neck and a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery.

Trapezius
The trapezius is a large paired trapezoid-shaped surface muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae of the spine and laterally to the spine of the scapula.  It moves the scapula and supports the arm.

The trapezius has three functional parts:

an upper (descending) part, which supports the weight of the arm;

a middle region (transverse), which retracts the scapula; and

a lower (ascending) part, which medially rotates and depresses the scapula.
Ryssby
Ryssby is a locality situated in Ljungby Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden with 707 inhabitants in 2010. It is situated at an altitude of 313 metres (1030 feet). Ryssby lies on the north end of the Ryssby Lake.

Ryssby Church has the greatest church in Ljungby Municipality, with up to 300 seats.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
United Development Company
United Development Company Q.P.S.C. (UDC) is a Qatari public shareholding company. It is Qatar's leading construction firm, engaged in several industry sectors and operating subsidiaries in the segments of real estate development & construction, hydrocarbon & energy, hospitality & leisure, and infrastructure & utilities.

Hospitality industry
The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, food and beverage services, event planning, theme parks, travel agency, tourism, hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, and bars.
Torgau-Oschatz
Torgau-Oschatz is a former district (Kreis) in Saxony, Germany. It was bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the district Wittenberg in Saxony-Anhalt, the district Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the districts Riesa-Großenhain, Döbeln, Muldentalkreis and Delitzsch.

Wittenberg (district)
Wittenberg is a district (German: Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in Saxony. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Fractional graph isomorphism
In graph theory, a fractional isomorphism of graphs whose adjacency matrices are denoted A and B is a doubly stochastic matrix D such that DA = BD. If the doubly stochastic matrix is a permutation matrix, then it constitutes a graph isomorphism. Fractional isomorphism is the coarsest of several different relaxations of graph isomorphism.

Doubly stochastic matrix
In mathematics, especially in probability and combinatorics, a doubly stochastic matrix 
(also called bistochastic matrix) is a square matrix  of nonnegative real numbers, each of whose rows and columns sums to 1, i.e.,

Thus, a doubly stochastic matrix is both left stochastic and right stochastic.

Indeed, any matrix that is both left and right stochastic must be square: if every row sums to 1 then the sum of all entries in the matrix must be equal to the number of rows, and since the same holds for columns, the number of rows and columns must be equal.
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
Rottboellia cochinchinensis is a species of flowering plant  in the family Poaceae. This grass is known by the common names Itchgrass, Raoul grass, corngrass, Kokoma grass, Guinea-fowl grass, jointed grass, Shamwa grass and Kelly grass. It is a tall, tufted annual grass whose stems (culms) grow up to 3 metres (9 ft 10 in) in height with leaf-blades of up to 45 centimetres (1 ft 6 in) in length. The species flowers at the apex of culms in the form of spike-like racemes composed of paired spikelets. The common name Itchgrass comes from the bristly (hispid) leaf-sheath which can be irritating to the skin.

Rottboellia cochinchinensis is native to tropical Asia and Africa and has also been introduced to the Americas where it is often considered to be an invasive species.  It is a major weed of a wide range of crops including maize, rice, sorghum and sugar cane.

Culm (botany)
A culm is the aerial (above-ground) stem of a grass or sedge. It is derived from the Latin word culmus, meaning "stalk". It originally referred to the stem of any type of plant.

In horticulture or agriculture, it is especially used to describe the stalk or woody stems of bamboo, cane or grain grasses.
Château de Bar-sur-Seine
The remains of the  château de Bar-sur-Seine are the ruins of a medieval French fortified castle, destroyed in the 16th century. The site is in the town of Bar-sur-Seine in the Aube département.

The historic importance of the castle was due to its position on the frontier between Champagne (a vassal county of the King of France) and the Burgundy (a duchy allied with the English) during the Hundred Years War. At the time, the château de Bar-sur-Seine was considered the most important in Burgundy. Its architecture is close in style to that of the Château de Peyrepertuse in Aude.

Bar-sur-Seine
Bar-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [baʁ syʁ sɛn], literally Bar on Seine) is a commune in the Aube department in the Grand Est region of north-central France. In the middle ages it constituted the Châtellenie de Bar-sur-Seine (transl. Castellany of Bar-Sur-Seine).

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Barrois or Barroises and Barséquanais or Barséquanaises.

The commune has been awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
History of anthropology by country
Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies. This study is practiced in multiple countries, each of whom has their own history of how anthropology has developed in their respective countries.

University of Ljubljana
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 38,000 enrolled students. The university has 23 faculties and three art academies with approximately 4,000 teaching and research staff, assisted by approximately 2,000 technical and administrative staff. The University of Ljubljana offers programs in the humanities, sciences, and technology, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science.

The university was founded in the centre of Ljubljana, where the central university building and the majority of its faculties are located. Since then, newer buildings have been constructed in the suburbs of the city.
Denmark at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Denmark was represented at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan by the National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark.

In total, 12 athletes including five men and seven women represented Denmark in six different sports including alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, curling, figure skating, freestyle skiing and snowboarding.

Denmark won one medal at the games after Jane Bidstrup, Dorthe Holm, Helena Blach Lavrsen, Margit Pörtner and Trine Qvist jointly claimed silver in the women's curling competition. It was Denmark's first-ever Winter Olympic medal.

National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark
The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (Danish: Danmarks Idrætsforbund, DIF; IOC Code: DEN) is the National Olympic Committee representing Denmark.

The organization as it exists today was formed in 1993 by the merger of the Dansk Idræts-Forbund (Danish Sports Confederation) and Danmarks Olympiske Komité (Danish Olympic Committee).
Absolutely Secret: Girl Torture
Absolutely Secret: Girl Torture (極秘　女拷問, Gokuhi: onna gōmon) aka Top Secrets of Women Torture and Top Secret of Torturing Women is a 1968 Japanese pink film in the ero guro style directed by Kiyoshi Komori aka Haku Komori. The film features future Nikkatsu SM-queen Naomi Tani in a role during the first half of her career, working outside of the large studio system.

Ero guro
Ero guro (Japanese: エログロ) is an artistic genre that puts its focus on eroticism, sexual corruption, and decadence. As a term, it is used to denote something that is both erotic and grotesque.

The term itself is an example of wasei-eigo, a Japanese combination of English words or abbreviated words: ero from erotic and guro from grotesque. 
The "grotesqueness" implied in the term refers to things that are malformed, unnatural, or horrific. Items that are pornographic and bloody are not necessarily ero guro, and vice versa. The term is often mistaken by Western audiences to mean "gore" – depictions of horror, blood, and guts.
Tim Draper
Timothy Cook Draper (born June 11, 1958) is an American venture capital investor, and founder of Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ), Draper University, Draper Venture Network, and Draper Associates. Since 2019, he is a partner in Draper Goren Holm. His most prominent investments include Baidu, Hotmail, Skype, Tesla, SpaceX, AngelList, SolarCity, Ring, Twitter, DocuSign, Coinbase, Robinhood, Ancestry.com, Twitch, Cruise Automation, PrettyLitter and Focus Media. In July 2014, Draper received wide coverage for his purchase at a US Marshals Service auction of seized bitcoins from the Silk Road website. Draper is a proponent of bitcoin and decentralization. Draper was one of the first investors in Theranos.

Docusign
Docusign, Inc. is an American software company headquartered in San Francisco, California that provides products for organizations to manage electronic agreements with electronic signatures on different devices. As of 2025, Docusign has about 1.7 million clients in 180 countries. Signatures processed by Docusign are compliant with the US ESIGN Act and the European Union's eIDAS regulation, including EU Advanced and EU Qualified Signatures.

In April 2018, Docusign filed for an initial public offering. At the time of the IPO, the largest shareholders were venture investment firms Sigma Partners, Ignition Partners, Frazier Technology Ventures, and former CEO Keith Krach was the largest individual shareholder. None of the original founders are major shareholders. The company went public on the Nasdaq on April 27, 2018.
CIC Holdings
CIC Holdings PLC is a Sri Lankan conglomerate holding company engaged in merchandising and manufacturing chemical products. The company was incorporated in 1964 and listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in the same year. Initially, the company was a part of Imperial Chemical Industries and prior to 2011, was known as Chemical Industries (Colombo) PLC. The company ranked 41st in LMD 100, an annual list of leading listed companies in Sri Lanka. The company also ranked 31st in Business Today's Top 40 for 2020–21 financial year.

Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.
Vieillard
Vieillard is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antoine Vieillard de Boismartin (1747–1815), French lawyer and playwright

Eugène Vieillard (1819–1896), French physician and botanist

Pierre-Ange Vieillard (1778–1862), French poet, playwright and literary critic

Antoine Vieillard de Boismartin
Antoine Vieillard de Boismartin (1747 – 13 January 1815) was a French lawyer and playwright. Before the French Revolution, Vieillard de Boismartin was a lawyer at parlement de Rouen. He later held several political and judicial positions, including three times mayor of Saint-Lô. The father of poet and critic Pierre-Ange Vieillard, Vieillard de Boismartin was a member of the Légion d’honneur.
Margaret Moloney
Margaret Moloney (9 January 1869 - 12 August 1959) was an Irish journalist, nationalist and harbour master in Glin, County Limerick. She contributed to the Limerick Leader newspaper for many years as “Our Glin Correspondent”. She was hailed as being the first female harbour master in Ireland and was known as the "First Lady of the Estuary".

Harbourmaster
A harbourmaster (or harbormaster, see spelling differences) is an official responsible for enforcing the regulations of a particular harbour or port, in order to ensure the safety of navigation, the security of the harbour and the correct operation of the port facilities.