hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Endowment invasion
Endowment invasion is when an institution draws on its financial endowment to pay off debts and cover the yearly operating expenses. In New York the practice requires approval from the state attorney general's office and the New York State Supreme Court. By 2009 most states had adopted Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act, a law which allows "invading principal". It is considered a last resort for any institution to stave off closure.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Yury Shayunou
Yury Shayunou (Belarusian: Юры Шаюноў; born October 10, 1987) is a Belarusian hammer thrower, coached by his father Victor Shayunou. Yury Shayunou has a personal best of 80.72 meters with the 7.26 kg (or 16 lbs) implement, achieved on July 6, 2009 in Minsk at the Romuald Klim Trophy. He has an orthodox countering technique and relies on his controlled throwing, instead of overpowering the hammer with pure strength. He is therefore an efficient and reliable type of thrower, with a high lowest level in comparison to other hammer throwers of the same calibre.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Calkins
Calkins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Blaine Calkins (born 1968), Canadian politician

Blean Calkins (1921–2003), sports radio broadcaster

Buzz Calkins (born 1971), American racing car driver

Dick Calkins (1894–1962), comic strip artist

Earnest Elmo Calkins (1868–1964), American advertising executive

Frank C. Calkins (1878–1974), American geologist

Gary Nathan Calkins (1869–1943), American zoologist

George H. Calkins (1830–1896), American physician and politician

Helen Calkins (1893–1970), American mathematician

Homer D. Calkins (1911–1996), American environmentalist

Hugh Calkins (1924–2014), American academic administrator

Irving Calkins (1875–1958), American sport shooter

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863–1930), American philosopher and psychologist

Michelle Calkins, Canadian synchronized swimmer and coach

William H. Calkins (1842–1894), American politician from Indiana

Homer D. Calkins
Homer D. Calkins (August 30, 1911 – March 19, 1996) was an American environmentalist who became a leading voice in the effort to save native habitat in Hardin County. He worked to develop county parks that met needs from plug-in campers to untouched wilderness areas. He was instrumental in delaying construction of a rerouted U.S. Highway 20 through the Iowa River Greenbelt in Hardin County, Iowa. Calkins received posthumous awards from the Iowa Wildlife Federation and the Iowa Wildlife Rehabilitators Association praising his long relationship to nature.
Buchs AG railway station
Buchs AG railway station (German: Bahnhof Buchs AG) is a railway station in the municipality of Buchs, in the Swiss canton of Aargau (abbreviated to AG). It is an intermediate stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Schöftland–Aarau–Menziken line of Aargau Verkehr.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Zerkalnoye (Altai Krai)
Zerkalnoye (Russian: Зеркальное) is a salt lake in Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai, Russian Federation.

The lake lies roughly in the middle of the Krai. The nearest town is Zerkaly by the southern lakeshore. Shipunovo, the district capital, lies 44 kilometers (27 mi) to the southeast.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Zec de la Rivière-Petit-Saguenay
Zec de la Rivière-Petit-Saguenay is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) located in the municipality of Petit-Saguenay, in Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.

Established in 1998, this zec is administered by "Association de la rivière Petit-Saguenay" which is a nonprofit organization. This Association obtained the Regional Win in the category "Outdoor activities and leisure" at the "Grands Prix du Tourisme Québécois 2010".

Since 2014, a Charter for the Protection of Atlantic salmon certify fishermen, traders, artisans and citizens ready to commit to a sports manager and guarantor of the future.

Sagard, Quebec
Sagard is an unorganized territory and hamlet in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality. The hamlet of Sagard (48°01′47″N 70°04′02″W﻿ / ﻿48.02972°N 70.06722°W﻿ / 48.02972; -70.06722) is located on the eastern banks of the Little Saguenay River, along Route 170 between Saint-Siméon and Petit-Saguenay.
Gian Carlo Grassi
Gian Carlo Grassi (Condove, October 14, 1946 - Monte Bove, April 1, 1991) was an Italian mountaineer and mountain guide. He was a pioneer of ice climbing in Italy in the 1980s, making many first ascents among waterfalls and goulotte in high mountains.

Monte Bove
Monte Bove is a mountain in the Monti Sibillini range of the Apennines, Marche, central Italy. It has an elevation of 2169 metres.

It is limited from north by the Ussita stream and from south by the Vallinfante valley. Then northern and eastern slopes are characterized by wide rock cliffs of dolomitic limestone.
Daniel Williams (drummer)
Daniel Williams (December 12, 1985 – May 22, 2025) was an American musician best known as the drummer and co-founder of the metalcore band The Devil Wears Prada. He performed with the group from its inception in 2005 until his departure in 2016.

Plagues (album)
Plagues is the second studio album by American metalcore band The Devil Wears Prada. It was released on August 21, 2007, through Rise Records and was re-released on October 28, 2008, with bonus content.
Steve Plytas
Phokion Stavros Plytas (9 January 1913 – 27 December 1994), known professionally as Steve Plytas, was a Greek film and television actor based in the United Kingdom.

His stage work included West End appearances in Tennessee Williams' The Night of the Iguana (1965) and Agatha Christie's The Mousetrap (1970s).

Credited film roles include Passport to Shame, Beyond the Curtain, The Moon-Spinners, The Spy Who Came In from the Cold, Theatre of Death, Interlude, Ooh... You Are Awful, Silver Bears, Revenge of the Pink Panther, Carry On Emmannuelle, The Bitch, Eleni, Superman IV: The Quest for Peace and Batman.

TV credits include: The Avengers, Danger Man, The Troubleshooters, The Saint, Doctor Who (in the serial The Tenth Planet), Z-Cars, The Champions, Department S, Dixon of Dock Green, Man About the House, Fawlty Towers, Who Pays the Ferryman?, The Professionals, Minder, Strangers, The Two Ronnies and Tales of the Unexpected.

The Moon-Spinners
The Moon-Spinners is a 1964 American mystery film starring Hayley Mills, Eli Wallach and Peter McEnery in a story about a jewel thief hiding on the island of Crete. Produced by Walt Disney Productions, the film was loosely based upon a 1962 suspense novel by Mary Stewart and was directed by James Neilson. It featured the legendary silent film actress Pola Negri in her final screen performance.

The Moon-Spinners was Hayley Mills' fifth film in the series of six for Disney. It includes her first "proper" on-screen romance in a Disney film.
James O'Neill (rugby union)
James Bowman O'Neill (21 August 1895 — 19 April 1968) was an Irish international rugby union player.

O'Neill was educated at Methodist College Belfast and Queen's University Belfast.

As a scrum-half, O'Neill gained his solitary Ireland cap against Scotland at Inverleith during the 1920 Five Nations Championship. He captained the Queen's University first XV and also played rugby for Collegians.

O'Neill was a rugby writer for the Belfast News-Letter, under the pen name "Criticus".

A civil servant, O'Neill worked in the Ministry of Home Affairs for many years and was put in charge of settling the World War II evacuees from Holland, after Germany invaded. He became assistant secretary of the ministry.

1920 Five Nations Championship
The 1920 Five Nations Championship was the sixth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship following the inclusion of France into the Home Nations Championship, and the first played since the 1914 Games due to World War I. Including the previous Home Nations Championships, this was the thirty-third series of the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 1 January and 3 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

Scotland missed out on a first Grand Slam after losing to England at Twickenham.
Carleton Ravens women's ice hockey
The Carleton Ravens  are a collegiate women's ice hockey  team based out of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Competing as the women's ice hockey team of Carleton University, the Ravens currently play in the Ontario University Athletics (OUA) Conference and formerly played in the Quebec Student Sports Federation (RSEQ), as part of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport women's ice hockey championship.  The team plays its home games at the Carleton Ice House, typically on Saturday and Sunday afternoons.

U Sports women's ice hockey championship
The U Sports Women's Ice Hockey Championship, is a Canadian university ice hockey tournament conducted by U Sports, and determines the women's national champion. The tournament involves the champions from each of Canada's four regional sports conferences. The Golden Path Trophy is awarded to the winners.
Ponta do Sol, Cape Verde
Ponta do Sol (formerly: Vila Dona Maria Pia) is the northernmost city on the island of Santo Antão and Cape Verde. It is situated on the coast, 4 km northwest of Ribeira Grande and 20 km north of the island capital Porto Novo. It is the seat of Ribeira Grande municipality.

Ponta do Sol is divided into the neighbourhoods Casinhas, Cavouquinho das Tintas, Chã de Cemitério, Chã de Ponta do Sol, Lombinho, Lombo da Cruz, Lombo de Paço, Os Órgãos, Ponta do Sol and Ribeira da Ponta do Sol.

Ponta do Sol takes its name from the nearby headland Ponta do Sol, the northernmost point of Cape Verde. The former name Vila Dona María Pia refers to Maria Pia of Savoy, queen of Portugal between 1862 and 1889. Urban development of Ponta do Sol started in the 1880s; before, it was  a small fishing village.: 25  The church Nossa Senhora do Livramento was built in 1894.: 37–38  There is a Jewish cemetery in the town.: 52–53

Maria Pia of Savoy
Dona Maria Pia (16 October 1847 – 5 July 1911) was by birth an Italian princess of the House of Savoy and by marriage Queen of Portugal as the wife of King Luís I of Portugal. On the day of her baptism, Pope Pius IX, her godfather, gave her a Golden Rose. Maria Pia was married to Luís on 6 October 1862 in Lisbon. She was the grand mistress of the Order of Saint Isabel. She was the third queen of the House of Savoy on the Portuguese throne after Mafalda and Marie-Françoise of Savoy-Nemours.
Child Aid
Child Aid is a 501(c)(3) non-profit based in Portland, Oregon, working to promote literacy in Latin America. According to Child Aid's mission statement, the organization works to "create opportunity for Latin America's rural and indigenous poor through childhood literacy and education programs."

Child Aid works primarily in Guatemala, as it is the country with the lowest literacy rate in Latin America. Child Aid also founded and oversees a speech and hearing center for poor children who are deaf or hard of hearing in Oaxaca, Mexico.

Child Aid again received a four-star rating (the highest given) from Charity Navigator in 2011. Charity Navigator awards four stars to organizations that use their money most efficiently. At Child Aid, over 90% of donations go directly to programs in Latin America.

Charity Navigator
Charity Navigator is a charity assessment organization that evaluates more than 200,000 charitable organizations based in the United States, operating as a 501(c)(3) organization. It provides insights into a nonprofit's financial stability, adherence to best practices for both accountability and transparency, and results reporting. It is the largest and most-utilized evaluator of charities in the United States. It does not accept any advertising or donations from the organizations it evaluates.

According to a 2025 study, ratings by Charity Navigator shape donor behaviors, as donors increase their contributions to better rated charities. The study also found that charities try to achieve better ratings by cutting expenditures on administration and fundraising, as well as misreporting or mislabelling expenditures to game the ratings. Another study from 2025 found that Charity Navigator ratings are also a good predictor for the number of volunteers in nonprofit organizations.
Travel Tuesday
Travel Tuesday, also known as Travel Deal Tuesday, is a marketing term for e-commerce transactions occurring on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving in the United States. It originated in 2017, when Hopper, an online flight marketplace, realized that the Tuesday after Thanksgiving was profitable for consumers to book flights. It is mainly a United States-based phenomenon. However, some overseas companies do recognize the holiday.

Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in October and November in the United States, Canada, Saint Lucia, Liberia, and unofficially in countries like Germany. It is also observed in the Australian territory of Norfolk Island. It began as a day of giving thanks for the blessings of the harvest and of the preceding year. Various similarly named harvest festival holidays occur throughout the world during autumn. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well.
GSR Classes 372 and 393
The Great Southern Railways Classes 372 and 393 were types of 2-6-0 ("mogul") steam locomotives exported to Ireland from Great Britain in 1924. They were designed by Richard Maunsell in 1914 for the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR) to be members of the SECR N class of mixed-traffic engines. The GSR 372 and 393 classes were part of a batch of N and U class locomotive kits produced under a UK Government contract at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich.

South Eastern and Chatham Railway
The South Eastern and Chatham Railway Companies Joint Management Committee (SE&CRCJMC), known as the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SE&CR), was a working union of two neighbouring rival railways, the South Eastern Railway (SER) and London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LC&DR), which operated between London and south-east England. Between 1899 and 1923, the SE&CR had a monopoly of railway services in Kent and to the main Channel ports for ferries to France and Belgium.

The companies had competed extensively, with some of the bitterest conflicts between British railway companies. Competing routes to the same destinations were built, so several towns in Kent had been served with a similar frequency service by both companies. In places, unfettered competition allowed two stations and services to multiple London termini.

It would be a constituent of the Southern Railway as part of the 1923 Grouping.
Willard, New York
42°40′56″N 76°52′07″W﻿ / ﻿42.68222°N 76.86861°W﻿ / 42.68222; -76.86861
Willard is a hamlet primarily in the Town of Romulus, Seneca County, New York, United States on the Ovid town line. It is located two miles (3 km) west of the Village of Ovid, at an elevation of 600 feet (183 m). The primary intersection in the hamlet is at N.Y. Route 96A and Main Street (CR 132).

The community overlooks Seneca Lake. Government offices for the Town of Romulus are located in the hamlet.

Willard is the location of the historic Willard Asylum for the Chronic Insane, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

A United States Post Office is located in Willard, with a ZIP Code of 14588.

New York State Route 96A
New York State Route 96A (NY 96A) is a state highway in Seneca County, New York, in the United States. It is a north–south road between Seneca Lake and Cayuga Lake, two of the Finger Lakes. NY 96A is two lanes wide for most of its length, with the exception of the 3-mile (5 km) long four-lane divided highway section at the northern end. The southern terminus of NY 96A is at an intersection with NY 96 in the village of Interlaken. Its northern terminus is at a junction with the conjoined routes of U.S. Route 20 (US 20) and NY 5 in the town of Waterloo just east of the city of Geneva. The junction with NY 5 and US 20 was once a trumpet interchange; however, it was converted into an at-grade intersection in the late 1980s.
Ride This Train
Ride This Train is the sixth album by American country singer-songwriter Johnny Cash. It was released in 1960 and was reissued in 2002, containing four additional bonus tracks.

It is considered Cash's first concept album. The album is billed as a "travelogue", with Cash providing spoken narration before each song to give context, in several cases playing historical characters, such as John Wesley Hardin, and describing different destinations around the United States visited by train. The songs themselves are not generally railroad-themed.

The success of this LP inspired his first label, Sun, to release the compilation LP All Aboard the Blue Train, which consisted of previously released "train"-inspired songs, including his hit "Folsom Prison Blues".

Ride This Train was included on the Bear Family box set Come Along and Ride This Train.

Sun Records
Sun Records is an American independent record label founded by producer Sam Phillips in Memphis, Tennessee on February 1, 1952. Sun was the first label to record Elvis Presley, Charlie Rich, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash. Prior to that, Sun had concentrated mainly on African-American musicians because Phillips loved rhythm and blues and wanted to bring it to a white audience.

On January 28, 2021, Sun Records was acquired by Primary Wave for $30 million.
1996 Kentucky Senate election
The 1996 Kentucky Senate election was held on November 5, 1996. The Republican and Democratic primary elections were held on May 28. Half of the senate (all odd-numbered seats) were up for election. Despite the Democratic Party maintaining a majority of 20 seats, five members joined all 18 Republicans to elect Larry Saunders the President of the Senate. This gave Republicans effective control of the Senate for the first time since 1920.

A numbered map of the senate districts at the time can be viewed here.

Jack Westwood
John D. Westwood (born March 6, 1944) is an American former politician, who was a Republican member of the Kentucky Senate. Westwood represented District 23 from January 1997 to January 2013. Prior to politics, he was an English and journalism teacher from 1966 to 1993. He served on the Erlanger-Elsmere School Board from 1995 to 1996. He resides in Erlanger, Kentucky.
Čilá
Čilá is a municipality and village in Rokycany District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20 inhabitants.

Čilá lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of Rokycany, 36 km (22 mi) north-east of Plzeň, and 51 km (32 mi) west of Prague.

Rokycany
Rokycany (Czech pronunciation: [ˈrokɪtsanɪ]; German: Rokitzan) is a town in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
1999 WTA German Open – Doubles
The 1999 WTA German Open doubles  was the doubles event of the fifty-fifth edition of the tennis tournament played at Berlin, Germany, the most prestigious tennis tournament in Germanic Europe. It was the sixth WTA Tier I tournament of the year, and part of the European claycourt season. Lindsay Davenport and Natasha Zvereva were the reigning champions, but only Zvereva entered the tournament with Mary Pierce. However, Pierce withdrew from the tournament.

The French team of Alexandra Fusai and Nathalie Tauziat won their first Tier I title as a team, defeating Jana Novotná and Patricia Tarabini in the final.

Mary Pierce
Mary Caroline Pierce (born 15 January 1975) is a French former professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 3 in singles and in doubles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Pierce won 18 singles titles on the WTA Tour, including two majors at the 1995 Australian Open and the 2000 French Open, and five Tier I singles events. Pierce was a finalist at a further four singles majors, and twice at the Tour Finals.

In doubles, Pierce won 10 doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including two major titles at the 2000 French Open in women's doubles partnering Martina Hingis, and at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships in mixed doubles partnering Mahesh Bhupathi. She was also a runner-up in women's doubles at the 2000 Australian Open, partnering Hingis.

Pierce was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2019. She is the most recent Frenchwoman to win the French Open singles title.
To Hell & Back (song)
"To Hell & Back" is a song recorded by American country music singer Maren Morris. It was released on March 30, 2020 as the third single from her second studio album Girl.  Morris wrote the song along with Jessie Jo Dillon and Laura Veltz.

Laura Veltz
Laura Jeanne Veltz is an American songwriter and musician. She previously was the vocalist and multi-instrumentalist of family pop-rock group Cecilia. She was nominated for the first ever Grammy Award for Songwriter of the Year at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards for her work on releases by Maren Morris, Demi Lovato and Ingrid Andress.