hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zhang Yue (Tang dynasty)
Zhang Yue (simplified Chinese: 张说; traditional Chinese: 張說; pinyin: Zhāng Yuè) (667 – 9 February 731), courtesy name Daoji (道濟) or Yuezhi (說之), posthumous name Duke Wenzhen of Yan (燕文貞公), was a Chinese historian, military general, poet, and politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties. He served as chancellor on three separate occasions during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and under Emperor Xuanzong. He was known for having suggested the transition of Tang central government armed forces from being conscription-based to recruitment-based, and for turning the office of the chancellor into a specialized post with strong executive powers.

Zhang Yue was a well-respected literary figure of his time, and was ranked alongside Su Ting (Duke Wenxian of Xu, another of Emperor Xuanzong's chancellors) as the two great writers of the Kaiyuan era. They were known in unison as 燕許大手筆 ("Immense pen-brushes from Yan and Xu").

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Silver sand
Silver sand is a fine white sand used in gardening. It consists largely of quartz particles that are not coated with iron oxides. Iron oxides colour sand from yellows to rich browns. Silver sand is also used as a constituent of mortar for laying light coloured pavers.

Iron oxide
An iron oxide is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized.  Often they are non-stoichiometric. Ferric oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of which is rust.

Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides are widespread in nature and play an important role in many geological and biological processes.  They are used as iron ores, pigments, catalysts, and in thermite, and occur in hemoglobin. Iron oxides are inexpensive and durable pigments in paints, coatings and colored concretes. Colors commonly available are in the "earthy" end of the yellow/orange/red/brown/black range. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E172.

The earliest applications of paint served purely ornamental purposes. Consequently, pigment lacking any adhesive agent—composed mainly of iron oxide was employed in prehistoric cave art around the 15,000s BC in parts of Asia.
David Fraser (Canadian general)
David Allison Fraser CMM MSC MSM CD is a retired Canadian Forces officer who served as a major-general in Land Force Command. The country’s first general officer to command American troops in combat since the Second World War, Fraser's most noteworthy role was as brigadier-general during Operation Medusa, which took place in Afghanistan from September 1–17, 2006 as part of NATO’s coalition efforts in the region.

Since retiring from the Canadian Armed Forces in 2011 after 32 years of service, Fraser has worked in the private sector, currently serving as president of AEGIS Six Corporation. In May 2018, he released Operation Medusa: The Furious Battle That Saved Afghanistan from the Taliban, which he co-authored with Brian Hanington. The book recounts his experience as commander of NATO forces in this battle, detailing the preparation, execution and aftermath of the conflict.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
Zaza Kolelishvili
Zaza Kolelishvili (Georgian: ზაზა კოლელიშვილი; born January 11, 1957, in Telavi, Georgia) is a Georgian film and television actor, film director and artist. He is best known for The Wishing Tree 1977, Garigeba and Kukaracha.

Telavi
Telavi (/təˈlɑːvi/; თელავი [t̪ʰeɫaβi]) is the main city and administrative center of the eastern Georgian province of Kakheti. As of the 2024 census, its population was 16,800. The city is located on the foothills of the Tsiv-Gombori Range at 500–800 m (1,600–2,600 ft) above sea level.
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
The effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance are a broad range of impairments resulting from inadequate sleep, impacting attention, executive function and memory. An estimated 20% of adults or more have some form of sleep deprivation. It may come with insomnia or major depressive disorder, or indicate other mental disorders. The consequences can negatively affect the health, cognition, energy level and mood of a person and anyone around. It increases the risk of human error, especially with technology.

Human error
Human error is an action that has been done but that was "not intended by the actor; not desired by a set of rules or an external observer; or that led the task or system outside its acceptable limits". Human error has been cited as a primary cause and contributing factor in disasters and accidents in industries as diverse as nuclear power (e.g., the Three Mile Island accident), aviation (e.g., United Airlines Flight 173), space exploration (e.g., the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster), and medicine. Prevention of human error is generally seen as a major contributor to reliability and safety of (complex) systems. Human error is one of the many contributing causes of risk events.
Miikka Tuomainen
Miikka Tuomainen (born May 22, 1986) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey forward.

Tuomainen played in the SM-liiga in Finland for Lukko, HIFK and HC TPS. He was drafted 204th by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.

Lukko
Rauman Lukko (Finnish for "lock") is a Finnish sports club based in Rauma, Finland, best known for its men's professional ice hockey team. The club was founded as Rauma Woodin Lukko in 1936. The representative team currently plays in the Finnish Liiga, the premier men's professional ice hockey league in Finland. They play their home games in the Äijänsuo Arena, which has a capacity of 5,400 spectators. Lukko won the SM-sarja in 1963 and won the Liiga championship in 2021. Until 2023 the club also had a top-tier women's representative ice hockey team, which played in the Naisten Liiga, and a top-tier women's representative pesäpallo team, which plays in the Superpesis.
Capirotada
Capirotada (Spanish pronunciation: [kapiɾoˈtaða]) or Capilotade, also known as Capirotada de vigilia, is a traditional Mexican food similar to a bread pudding that is usually eaten during the Lenten period. It is one of the dishes served on Good Friday.

Enrique de Villena
Enrique de Villena (1384–1434), also known as Henry de Villeine and Enrique de Aragón, was a Spanish nobleman, writer, theologian and poet. He was also the last legitimate member of the House of Barcelona, the former royal house of Aragon. When political power was denied to him, he turned to writing. He was persecuted by Alfonso V of Aragon and John II of Castile owing to his reputation as a necromancer.
WPPN
WPPN (106.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Des Plaines, Illinois, that targets the Chicago metropolitan area. WPPN broadcasts a Spanish AC format. WPPN is owned by TelevisaUnivision through its Uforia Audio Network subsidiary. The station's studios are located at 625 North Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago, and its transmitter is located in Arlington Heights.

Due to WPPN's 50,000-watt signal and north suburban location, it can be heard through much of the Rockford area and southeastern Wisconsin. It also broadcasts in the HD Radio (hybrid) format.

TelevisaUnivision
TelevisaUnivision (formerly known as Univision Communications) is a Mexican–American media company, headquartered in Mexico City and New York City that owns American Spanish-language broadcast network Univision and free-to-air channels in Mexico such as Las Estrellas, El 5*, N+ Foro, and NU9VE alongside a collection of specialty television channels and production studios. 45% of the company is held by the Mexican telecommunications and broadcasting company Grupo Televisa, which was a major programming partner for Univision until the company sold their content assets to Univision Communications in 2022.

Since its founding in the early 1960s as Spanish International Network (SIN), the United States' first Spanish language television network, the company has catered to Hispanic and Latino Americans. It is currently a multimedia conglomerate, with free-to-air and specialty, digital and audio networks, including 65 television stations, online and mobile apps and products.
Uyehara
Uyehara is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Denise Uyehara, American performance artist

Grayce Uyehara (1919–2014), Japanese-American social worker

Kyle Uyehara (born 1989), American speed skater

Margaret A. Uyehara (born 1958), American diplomat

Margaret A. Uyehara
Margaret Ann Uyehara (born 1958) was an American diplomat whose last posting, prior to retirement, was as the United States Ambassador to Montenegro. She was nominated by President Barack Obama on July 9, 2014, and confirmed by the Senate in December 2014.
Hypoglossal nucleus
The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, found within the medulla. Being a motor nucleus, it is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle.

The hypoglossal nucleus is located between the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the midline of the medulla. Axons from the hypoglossal nucleus pass anteriorly through the medulla forming the hypoglossal nerve which exits between the pyramid and olive in a groove called the anterolateral sulcus.

The hypoglossal nucleus plays an important role in maintaining airway patency.

Anterolateral sulcus of medulla
The anterolateral sulcus (or ventrolateral sulcus) is a sulcus on the side of the medulla oblongata between the olive and pyramid. The rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) emerge from this sulcus.
Bernard Mouat Jones
Bernard Mouat Jones DSO (27 November 1882 – 11 September 1953) was a British Chemist, notable for identifying the chemical in Mustard gas (dicholorodiethyl sulphide) and the first scientist to be Vice-Chancellor of the University of Leeds.

Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across three academic faculties and 17 departments.

Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894, and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to become the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth University became independent again. The annual income of the institution for 2024–2025 was £124.8 million of which £19.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £130.3 million.
Hayden Stephen
Hayden Stephen (born 9 January 1972) is a former athlete from Trinidad and Tobago.

Stephen was an All-American sprinter for the UTEP Miners track and field team, finishing 5th in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1994 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

Stephen was a member of Trinidad and Tobago's bronze medal winning 4 × 400 metres relay teams at both the 1994 Commonwealth Games and 1995 Pan American Games.

1994 Commonwealth Games
The 1994 Commonwealth Games (French: XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth) were held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, between 18 and 28 August 1994. It was the 15th Commonwealth Games. These were the fourth and most recent Commonwealth Games to be hosted by Canada, after Hamilton 1930, Vancouver 1954, and Edmonton 1978.

The Games featured ten sports: athletics, aquatics (diving and swimming), badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting and wrestling. Judo which had replaced wrestling in 1990 was dropped in favour of wrestling returning, the latter being dropped from the Games for the first time in 1990.
Mubarak Al-Mutairi
Mubarak Al-Mutairi is a former member of the Kuwaiti National Assembly. Born in 1959, Al-Mutairi studied political science at Kuwait University and worked as a diplomat before being elected to the National Assembly to represent the fourth district in 2008. However, on September 22, 2008, following a vote recount, the constitutional court repealed Al-Mutairi's seat and gave it to Askar Al-Enezi. While political parties are technically illegal in Kuwait, Al-Mutairi affiliated with the Popular Action Bloc. He is a member of the Al-Mutairi tribe.

Popular Action Bloc
The Popular Action Bloc (Arabic: كتلة العمل الشعبي, Hashd) is a political bloc in Kuwait headed by opposition figurehead Musallam Al-Barrak. The group focuses on populist issues like housing, salary raises, and reform.
Chen Shi (Three Kingdoms)
Chen Shi (fl. 217–229) was a military officer of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty. His name is sometimes recorded as Chen Jie.

Records of the Three Kingdoms
The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (c. 184 – 220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE). It is regarded as to be the authoritative source text for these periods. Compiled following the reunification of China under the Jin dynasty (266–420), the work chronicles the political, social, and military events within rival states Cao Wei, Shu Han and Eastern Wu into a single text organized by individual biography.

The Records are the primary source of information for the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, considered to be one of the four classic novels emblematic of written vernacular Chinese.

While large subsections of the work have been selected and translated into English, the entire corpus has yet to receive an unabridged English translation.
Prattville High School
Prattville High School, formerly Autauga County High School, is a high school in Prattville, Alabama, United States. It forms part of the Autauga County School. In 2010, it had an enrollment of 2,109 students and a faculty of 103 teachers in grades 9–12. In 2014, it had 2,057 students and 98 teachers. In 2018, there were 2,066 students, 101 teachers, and five administrators.The Autauga County Technology Center shares the same campus.  The principal is Daniel E Farris.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
John Bone (bishop)
Christianity portal

John Frank Ewan Bone (28 August 1930 – 5 July 2014) was the area Bishop of Reading (Church of England) from 1989 until 1996.

He was educated at Monkton Combe School and St Peter's College, Oxford (gaining an Oxford Master of Arts {MA Oxon}) before embarking on an ecclesiastical career with a curacy at St Gabriel's, Warwick Square. After  incumbencies at Datchet  and Slough he was appointed Rural Dean of Burnham and then (his final appointment before ordination to the episcopacy) Archdeacon of Buckingham.

He died in 2014: his Church Times obituary stated that he was

"a great example of the quiet, reliable bishop who was trusted by many, worked hard, and never sought the limelight. "

Church Times
The Church Times, founded in 1863, is known for informed and independent reporting of church and world news in print, online, and on its app. Each issue includes lively opinion and detailed analysis on current affairs, wide-ranging features and interviews, insightful faith content, Bible commentary, cartoons, books and arts reviews, and more. 
Its offices are based in London. The printed paper is published in the UK on Fridays.
The Church Times was a family concern until 1989, when ownership passed to Hymns Ancient & Modern, a Christian charitable trust. It has always been independent of the Church of England hierarchy.
Ray Kuffel
Raymond Francis Kuffel (born December 9, 1921 – December 22, 1974)
was an American football player in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) for the Buffalo Bills and Chicago Rockets/Hornets from 1947 to 1949 as an end. He played at the collegiate level at Marquette University and the University of Notre Dame.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Alberto Fontanesi
Alberto Fontanesi (Italian pronunciation: [alˈbɛrto fontaˈneːzi; -eːsi]; 10 March 1929 – 1 April 2016) was an Italian footballer who played as a forward. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Football at the 1952 Summer Olympics
The Football tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics was won by Hungary.

The games signalled the arrival (to Western Europeans at least) of the Hungarian national football team – the "Magical Magyars". Ferenc Puskás later said of the 1952 competition: "It was during the Olympics that our football first started to flow with real power." It was during the Games that Stanley Rous of English Football Association invited the Hungarians to play a friendly at Wembley the following year.
Castle Harlan
Castle Harlan is a private equity firm based in New York City. The company focuses on buyouts and growth capital investments in middle-market companies across a range of industries.  Founded in 1987, Castle Harlan invests in controlling interests in middle-market companies in North America and Europe, Australia and Southeast Asia through Castle Harlan Australian Mezzanine Partners.

Castle Harlan's team of 18 investment managers has completed over 50 acquisitions since its inception with a total value of approximately $10 billion.  The firm currently manages investment funds with equity commitments of approximately $3.5 billion.

Castle Harlan has invested, through its five domestic funds, in more than 55 platform businesses that totaled over $11 billion of enterprise value.

Buyout
In finance, a buyout is an investment transaction by which the ownership equity, or a controlling interest of a company, or a majority share of the capital stock of the company is acquired. The acquirer thereby "buys out" the present equity holders of the target company. A buyout will often include the purchasing of the target company's outstanding debt, which is referred to as "assumed debt" by the purchaser. It is usually synonymous with "acquisition".
World Series Baseball 2K3
World Series Baseball 2K3 is a 2003 baseball video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by Sega for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. It is the successor to World Series Baseball 2K2 (2001), and the last to carry the World Series Baseball name. It was released in March 2003, prior to the start of the 2003 Major League Baseball season. A version of the game was also being developed for the GameCube, but was ultimately canceled; Entertainment Weekly gave the same console version universal acclaim despite the fact that it was canceled months prior.

Visual Concepts
Visual Concepts Entertainment is an American video game developer based in Novato, California. Founded in May 1988, the company is best known for developing sports games in the 2K franchise, most recently NBA 2K and WWE 2K, and previously NFL 2K. Visual Concepts was acquired by Sega in May 1999 and sold to Take-Two Interactive in January 2005. The acquisition of the company led Take-Two Interactive to open their 2K label which Visual Concepts became part of, on the day following the acquisition. As of December 2018, the company employs more than 350 people.
Big House (song)
"Big House" is a song by Christian rock band Audio Adrenaline, from their 1993 album Don't Censor Me. The song reached number 1 on Christian radio and is often regarded one of the band's biggest hits of their career. It won the 1996 GMA Dove Award for Long Form Music Video of the Year, and received the Song of the Decade title from CCM Magazine for the 1990s.

In 1998, the song was recorded by Seven Day Jesus for a ForeFront Records compilation album celebrating the tenth anniversary of the record label. The album featured classic songs from ForeFront artists performed and updated by other artists. In 2021, a new edition of the song was featured in the movie A Week Away.

A Week Away
A Week Away is a 2021 American Christian musical romance film directed by Roman White. The film was written by Alan Powell, Kali Bailey, and Gabe Vasquez. The film's songs were produced and mixed by Adam Watts and co-produced by Cory Clark (the team also co-wrote the film's original songs with Powell).

The film stars Bailee Madison, Kevin Quinn, David Koechner, and Sherri Shepherd with cameos from Amy Grant and Steven Curtis Chapman. Producers for the film are Alan Powell, Gabe Vasquez, and Steve Barnett. The film premiered on March 26, 2021, on Netflix. The film introduces songs of Christian artists such as Michael W. Smith, Amy Grant, and Steven Curtis Chapman to a younger generation with modern renditions of songs like "The Great Adventure", "Dive", "Baby, Baby", and "Place in This World."