hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palampur Municipal Corporation
Palampur Municipal Corporation (PMC) is the municipal corporation of Palampur District Kangra in Himachal Pradesh, and is the chief nodal agency for the administration of the city. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Palampur Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner. Palampur Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.

Municipal corporation (India)
A municipal corporation is a 
type of local government in India which administers an urban area having a population of one million or more. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government.

The municipal corporation carries out its function through divisions or departments. For example, water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking, Housing Board, Education Department and Electricity Department.

The 74th Amendment Act defined the formations of urban local governments and their activities.
Blossoming Lotus
Blossoming Lotus is a counter-service vegan restaurant in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in Kapa'a, Hawaii in 2002. At its peak the company had three restaurants, but now only operates a single location in Portland.

Vegetarian cuisine
Vegetarian cuisine, also known as plant-based cuisine, is a style of cooking defined by the inclusion of grains, legumes, nuts, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and sometimes eggs, and by the exclusion of meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet). Vegetarian cuisine meets vegetarian standards. Vegetarian cuisine differs from vegan cuisine, which excludes all animal products including dairy and eggs.
Stephen de Exeter
Sir Stephen de Exeter was an Anglo-Irish baron and knight, fl. 1280–1316.

The son of one Stephen de Exeter (dead by 1280) and his wife Johanna (alive 1280), Sir Stephen was a member of the de Exeter family of Meath and Connacht in Ireland.

De Exeter and his mother filed a suit against one R. Fleming at Dublin in 1280. He is recorded as participating in the Meath inquisitions of 1290, the lordship in which he held land. He is also recorded as owning the manor of Dunreeghan in Erris, along with other places in County Mayo and at Athemethan, County Waterford.

He was killed at Athelehan (Strade) in 1316, and was described as its lord. He had a wife named Matilda (alive 1320) and a son, Stephen (alive 1302).

T.H. Knox believed that his father was the ancestor of the Mac Stephen clans of Gallen and Rathfran, possibly via the brothers Meilec and Thomas Duff, sons of Stephen de Exeter, which would make them brothers of Sir Stephen.

County Waterford
County Waterford (Irish: Contae Phort Láirge) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Waterford. Waterford City and County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county at large, including the city, was 127,363 according to the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of the Déise. There is an Irish-speaking area, Gaeltacht na nDéise, in the southwest of the county.
Signal de Botrange
Signal de Botrange is the highest point in Wallonia and Belgium, located in the High Fens (Hautes Fagnes in French, Hohes Venn in German, Hoge Venen in Dutch), at 694 metres (2,277 feet). It is the top of a broad plateau and a road crosses the summit, passing an adjacent café. It is also the highest point in the Ardennes and in the European part of the Benelux.

For several decades a meteorological station was installed at Signal de Botrange. Since 1999, it was replaced by an automatic station of the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium installed on Mount Rigi (scientific station of the High Fens - University of Liège), which is between the Signal and Baraque Michel which was formerly the highest point in Belgium prior to the annexation of the Eastern Cantons in 1919.

The summit is also the site of a 6-metre (20 ft) observation tower, and a 50-metre (160 ft) data relay station, and is the watershed for a number of rivers flowing through the Ardennes region.

Royal Meteorological Institute
The Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (French: Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique or IRM; Dutch: Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut van België or KMI) is a Belgian federal institute engaged in scientific research in the field of meteorology. The RMI depends on the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO).
The institute is a member of the World Meteorological Organization, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, of EUMETSAT, and of the EIG Eumetnet.
Chinese St. Louis
Chinese St. Louis: From Enclave to Cultural Community is a 2004 non-fiction book by Huping Ling, published by Temple University Press.

Ling argued that the Chinese of St. Louis focused on, in Ling's words, "maintaining and preserving its cultural heritage" as it no longer has a particular place in the metropolitan area where it is concentrated; Haiming Liu of California State Polytechnic University took that statement and argued that it shows that a "flexible social network" is how, by the 2000s, many Chinese American groups are characterized. Shehong Chen of the University of Massachusetts, Lowell stated that the author uses "ample facts" to support that assertion.

Temple University Press
Temple University Press is a university press founded in 1969 that is part of Temple University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). It is one of thirteen publishers to participate in the Knowledge Unlatched pilot, a global library consortium approach to funding open access books.

The organization's mission at the time of its founding, according to Gerald J. Mangone, Temple University's then-provost, was to "broaden the outlet for the best volumes of an increasinbly productive faculty," by enabling those academics "to publish significant research that will increase knowledge in the humanities, social and natural sciences."
Michael Warner (Canadian football)
Michael Warner is a professional Canadian football offensive lineman in the Canadian Football League. He was drafted 32nd overall by the Toronto Argonauts in the 2010 CFL draft and signed with the team on May 25, 2010. On June 20, 2010, Warner was released by the Argonauts. He played CIS football for the Waterloo Warriors.

On December 7, 2010, Warner was re-signed by the Argonauts. He was released by the Argonauts on June 8, 2011.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
Maras Taun
Maras Taun is a thanksgiving festival and harvest festival celebrated by Malays in Belitung Island and its surrounding smaller islands.

Maras in Malay Belitung dialect means "cutting" and taun means "year." Maras Taun occurs once a year after the harvest of rice from dry-field paddy fields (padi ladang or Oryza montana).

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.

Oryza sativa belongs to the genus Oryza and the BOP clade in the grass family Poaceae. With a genome consisting of 430 Mbp across 12 chromosomes, it is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for the study of the biology of cereals and monocots.
Dominic Makawiti
Dominic Were Makawiti (4 August 1955 – 20 April 2018)  was a Kenyan biochemist. He served as Vice Chancellor of Maseno University and was an elected fellow and former treasurer of the African Academy of Sciences.

African Academy of Sciences
The African Academy of Sciences (AAS) is a non-aligned, non-political, not-for-profit, pan-African learned society formed in 1985.

The AAS elects fellows (FAAS) and affiliates. The AAS also awards the Obasanjo Prize for Scientific Discovery and Technological Innovation every two years to an outstanding scientist who contributed to the development of the continent.
WISE J1206+8401
WISE J1206+8401 (WISE J120604.38+840110.6, WISE 1206+8401) is a brown dwarf or planetary-mass object, discovered in 2015 with WISE and the Hubble Space Telescope. It has the spectral type Y0.

The object was found to be metal-rich in a work from 2017 and the research team found a mass of 6−14 MJ. A later work from 2023 found a mass of 17 ±5 MJ. A 2024 study observed it with JWST, using NIRSpec and MIRI spectroscopy, which concluded a mass of either 1.9 or 11.2 MJ (using two different models). In Beiler et al. (2024), the object is not discussed in detail, but the researchers report the detection of molecular absorption features in their sample, including water vapor, methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. None of their objects have any detection of phosphine. One paper mentions that WISE J1206+8401 does have deeper carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide features, when compared to other Y-dwarfs. This makes this Y-dwarf similar to CWISEP J1047+5457.

Phosphine
Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula PH3, classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (P2H4). With traces of P2H4 present, PH3 is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. Phosphine is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. Phosphine has a trigonal pyramidal structure.

Phosphines are compounds that include PH3 and the organophosphines, which are derived from PH3 by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with organic groups. They have the general formula PH3−nRn. Phosphanes are saturated phosphorus hydrides of the form PnHn+2, such as triphosphane. Phosphine (PH3) is the smallest of the phosphines and the smallest of the phosphanes.
Prioleau
Prioleau is a surname. People with that name include:

Betsy Prioleau, American non-fiction author.

Dijon Prioleau (born 1992), American gospel singer.

Edward Prioleau Warren (1856–1937), British architect and geologist.

Hamilton Prioleau Bee (1822-1897), American politician.

James Prioleau Richards (1894-1979), American politician.

Pierson Prioleau (born 1977), American football player.

Samuel Prioleau, American politician.

Betsy Prioleau
Betsy Prioleau is an American author and cultural historian. Prioleau's books include  Swoon: Great Seducers and Why Women Love Them and Seductress: Women Who Ravished the World and Their Lost Art of Love, and Diamonds and Deadlines: A Tale of Greed, Deceit, and A Female Tycoon in the Gilded Age.
Dylan Nel
Dylan Nel (born 27 November 1992 in South Africa) is a South African rugby union player who plays for the Chiefs in Super Rugby. His playing position is flanker. He has signed for the Chiefs squad in 2020.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Flawless (The Ones song)
"Flawless" is a song by American electronic music trio the Ones. It was first released in 1999 on the A Touch of Class label, then was re-released in 2001 through Groovilicious. The re-release peaked at number seven on the UK Singles Chart and reached number four on the US Billboard Dance Club Play chart. According to the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), the song was the most popular club hit of Australia in 2001. The song samples Gary's Gang's 1978 song "Keep On Dancin'" and "Wordy Rappinghood" by Tom Tom Club.

English singer-songwriter George Michael sampled "Flawless" for his song "Flawless (Go to the City)", which was released in June 2004. The song peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart, one position lower than the original's peak.

Wordy Rappinghood
"Wordy Rappinghood" is the debut single by American new wave band Tom Tom Club, from their 1981 self-titled debut album. It uses part of a traditional Moroccan children's song and game, "A Ram Sam Sam", made popular by the 1971 Rolf Harris recording. In the United States, the song topped the Billboard Disco Top 80 chart along with "Genius of Love".
Baen Ebooks
Baen Ebooks is an e-book supplier operated by Baen Books. It sells e-books for Baen and some other publishers, as well as hosting the Baen Free Library. Unlike most e-book suppliers, it does not use digital rights management (i.e., copy protection). Purchasers can download the same e-book in seven different formats (BBeB, EPUB, HTML, Microsoft Reader Mobipocket, Rocketbook, and RTF), even long after the initial purchase. Their range of genres offered is heavy on science fiction and fantasy.

Microsoft Reader
Microsoft Reader is a discontinued Microsoft application for reading e-books, first released in August 2000, that used its own .LIT format. It was available for Windows computers and Pocket PC PDAs. The name was also used later for an unrelated application for reading PDF and XPS files, first released with Windows 8 - this app was discontinued in 2018.
Gertrude Käsebier
Gertrude Käsebier (born Stanton; May 18, 1852 – October 12, 1934) was an American photographer. She was known for her images of motherhood, her portraits of Native Americans, and her promotion of photography as a career for women.

Robert Henri
Robert Henri (/ˈhɛnraɪ/; June 24, 1865 – July 12, 1929) was an American painter and teacher.

As a young man, he studied in Paris, where he identified strongly with the Impressionists, and determined to lead an even more dramatic revolt against American academic art, as reflected by the conservative National Academy of Design. Together with a small team of enthusiastic followers, he pioneered the Ashcan School of American realism, depicting urban life in an uncompromisingly brutalist style. By the time of the Armory Show, America's first large-scale introduction to European Modernism (1913), Henri was mindful that his own representational technique was being made to look dated by new movements such as Cubism, though he was still ready to champion avant-garde painters such as Henri Matisse and Max Weber.

In 1929 Henri was named as one of the top three living American artists by the Arts Council of New York.
Catherine E. Coulson
Catherine Elizabeth Coulson (October 22, 1943 – September 28, 2015) was an American stage and screen actress who worked behind the scenes on various studio features, magazine shows and independent films as well as acting in theater and film since the age of 15. She is best known for her role as Margaret Lanterman, the enigmatic Log Lady, in the David Lynch TV series Twin Peaks.

Portlandia
Portlandia is an American sketch comedy television series starring Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein, set in and around Portland, Oregon, and spoofing the city's reputation as a haven for eccentric hipsters. The show was produced by Broadway Video Television and IFC Original Productions. It was created by Armisen and Brownstein, along with Jonathan Krisel, who directed it. It debuted on IFC in 2011 and concluded in 2018 after eight seasons.

The show shared its title with the sculpture of the same name that sits above the entrance of the Portland Building on Fifth Avenue in downtown Portland, which appears in the show's title sequence.  The show won a Peabody Award.
Chanda siamensis
Chanda siamensis, the Siamese glassfish, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the Asiatic glassfish family Ambassidae. It is native to the mainland Southeast Asia in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos; records from Singapore and Java (Indonesia) probably are introductions. Its range includes the Mekong, Mae Klong, and Chao Phraya basins. It grows to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) standard length, although typical length is about 4 cm (1.6 in).

Mae Klong
The Mae Klong (Thai: แม่น้ำแม่กลอง, RTGS: Maenam Mae Klong, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm mɛ̂ː klɔ̄ːŋ]), sometimes spelled Meklong, is a river in western Thailand. The river begins in Kanchanaburi Province and flows across Ratchaburi Province and Samut Songkhram Province.
TV Eye Live 1977
TV Eye Live 1977 (or simply TV Eye) is a live album by the American musician Iggy Pop originally released in 1978. Iggy took a $90,000 advance from RCA Records to finish his contract with a live album. According to AllMusic, the album was assembled from soundboard tapes. Iggy Pop doctored them in a German studio, quickly and cheaply for around $5,000. The album features recordings from concerts on March 21 and 22, 1977, at the Agora in Cleveland, Ohio; on March 28, 1977, at the Aragon in Chicago, Illinois; and on October 26, 1977, at the Uptown Theater in Kansas City, Missouri.

The album is notable for the presence of David Bowie on keyboards and background vocals for selected tracks and the rather crushing bass and drum sound; also, with the Sales brothers, the lineup prefigures in part Bowie's Tin Machine lineup.

Uptown Theater (Kansas City, Missouri)
39°3′40″N 94°35′27″W﻿ / ﻿39.06111°N 94.59083°W﻿ / 39.06111; -94.59083

The Uptown Theater is a historic theater located in Kansas City, Missouri. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as the Uptown Building and Theater.
Viral transport medium
Viral transport medium (VTM) is a solution used to preserve virus specimens after collection so that they can be transported and analysed in a laboratory at a later time. Unless stored in an ultra low temperature freezer or in liquid nitrogen, virus samples, and especially RNA virus samples, are prone to degradation. However, such cooling equipment is seldom available in the field due to their cumbersome size, weight, and in the case of freezers, high energy consumption. Hence, there is a need for VTM; a chemical preservative that can be used at ambient temperature. Chemical components may include saline solution, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or fetal bovine serum (FBS). VTM must be sterile to avoid introducing contamination to the specimen.

In the United States, the FDA and CDC publish guidelines for VTM production.

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Jean-Jacques Aeschlimann
Jean-Jacques Aeschlimann (born 30 May 1967) is a retired Swiss ice hockey player.  He played for several teams in the National League A (NLA), including EHC Biel, HC Lugano, HC Fribourg-Gottéron and Lausanne HC.  He also played for the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team on several occasions.

Switzerland men's national ice hockey team
The Switzerland men's national ice hockey team (German: Schweizer Eishockeynationalmannschaft; French: Équipe de Suisse de hockey sur glace; Italian: Nazionale di hockey su ghiaccio della Svizzera) is a founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and is controlled by the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation.

As of 2026, the Swiss team is ranked 2nd in the IIHF World Rankings.
Mount Nivea
Mount Nivea (60°35′S 45°29′W﻿ / ﻿60.583°S 45.483°W﻿ / -60.583; -45.483) is a conspicuous, snow-topped, 1,265 m high mountain at the head of Sunshine Glacier on Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands. A number of rock towers lie on the northwest side. It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1948–49, and named by them for the snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) which breeds in this area.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Nivea". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Snow petrel
The snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) is the only member of the genus Pagodroma. It is one of only three birds that have been seen at the Geographic South Pole, along with the Antarctic petrel and the south polar skua, which has the most southerly breeding sites of any bird, inland in Antarctica.
Karczmy-Kolonia
Karczmy-Kolonia [ˈkart͡ʂmɨ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zelów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Zelów, 21 km (13 mi) north of Bełchatów, and 30 km (19 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów
Bełchatów ([bɛu̯ˈxatuf] ⓘ) is a city in central Poland, with a population of 55,583, as of December 2021. It is located in Łódź Voivodeship, 160 kilometres (99 miles) southwest of Warsaw.

The Elektrownia Bełchatów, located in Bełchatów, is the largest coal fueled power plant in Europe and the fifth largest in the world. It produces 27–28 TWh of electricity per year, or 20% of the total power generation in Poland. 8,000 people work directly for the company that runs the coal mine and electricity plants.

The city is also known for the successful volleyball club Skra Bełchatów and local krówki (traditional Polish candy).
Faust (Spohr)
Faust is an opera by the German composer Louis Spohr. The libretto, by Joseph Karl Bernard, is based on the legend of Faust; it is not influenced by Goethe's Faust, though Faust, Part One had been published in 1808. Instead, Bernard's libretto draws mainly on Faust plays and poems by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger  and Heinrich von Kleist. Spohr's Faust is an important work in the history of German Romantic opera.

Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger
Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger (17 February 1752 – 9 March 1831) was a German dramatist and novelist. His play Sturm und Drang (1776) gave its name to the Sturm und Drang artistic epoch. He was a childhood friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and is often closely associated with Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz. Klinger worked as a playwright for the Seylersche Schauspiel-Gesellschaft for two years, but eventually left the Kingdom of Prussia to become a General in the Imperial Russian Army.