hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Etheostoma nebra
Etheostoma nebra is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, classified as a darter within the subfamily Etheostomatinae of the family Percidae, which also includes perches, ruffes and pikeperches. this species is endemic to the eastern United States, where it is restricted to the Buck Creek system of the Cumberland River drainage in Kentucky. due to its restricted geographic range and the loss of populations within the Buck Creek system since the 1980s, Etheostoma nebra is likely to be critically imperiled.

Percidae
The Percidae are a family of ray-finned fish, part of the order Perciformes, which are found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearctic species. The family contains nearly 250 species in 12 genera. The perches and their relatives are in this family; well-known species include the walleye, sauger, ruffe, and three species of perch. However, small fish known as darters are also a part of this family.

Despite the widespread and speciose nature of this family, the vast majority of its species diversity is within the darters, which are restricted to eastern North America, and the majority of which have small ranges. Excluding the darters, this family contains only 20 species. In Europe, percids were likely a more ecologically dominant group in the past than now, with the immigration of cyprinids to Europe during the Miocene causing a decline in their importance.
Deputy Secretary-General
A Deputy Secretary-General is a deputy to a Secretary General.

Deputy Secretary-General may refer specifically to:

United Nations Deputy Secretary-General

Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General

Secretary General of NATO#Deputy Secretary General

Secretary General of NATO
The secretary general of NATO is the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an intergovernmental military alliance with 32 member states. The officeholder is an international diplomat responsible for coordinating the workings of the alliance, leading NATO's international staff, chairing the meetings of the North Atlantic Council and most major committees of the alliance, with the notable exception of the NATO Military Committee, as well as acting as NATO's spokesperson. The secretary general does not have a military command role; political, military and strategic decisions ultimately rest with the member states. Together with the chair of the NATO Military Committee and the supreme allied commander, the officeholder is one of the foremost officials of NATO.

The current secretary general is former Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte, who took office on 1 October 2024.
CSKA Pamir Dushanbe
CSKA Pamir Dushanbe (Tajik: Клуби футболи ЦСКА-Помир Душанбе, romanized: Klubi Futboli CSKA Pomir Dushanbe) is a professional football club based in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, which plays in the Tajikistan Higher League, the country's top division. Since 1997, the club has been under the patronage of the Tajik Army, like its former rivals CSKA Dushanbe.

Tajikistani Armed Forces
The Tajikistani Armed Forces, officially known as the Republic of Tajikistan Armed Forces, is the national military of the Republic of Tajikistan. It consists of Ground Forces, Mobile Forces, and the Air Force, with closely affiliated forces including the national guard, border and internal troops.
Programmation Automatique des Formules
Programmation Automatique des Formules is a programming language designed in 1957-1959 by Dimitri Starynkevitch at SEA, a small French computer company. PAF was similar to FORTRAN. It ran on a drum computer, the CAB 500. The title is French for Automatic Programming of Formulae.

Drum memory
Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria.  Drums were widely used in the 1950s and into the 1960s as computer memory.

Many early computers, called drum computers or drum machines, used drum memory as the main working memory of the computer.  Some drums were also used as secondary storage as for example various IBM drum storage drives, and the UNIVAC Flying head and FASTRAND series of drums.

Drums were displaced as primary computer memory by magnetic core memory, which offered a better balance of size, speed, cost, reliability and potential for further improvements.  Drums were then replaced by hard disk drives for secondary storage, which were both less expensive and offered denser storage. The manufacturing of drums ceased in the 1970s.
Golpura
Golpura  is a village and a Panchayat in Dewas district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Dulwa Village is a major agricultural production area in Madhya Pradesh. In the 2011 Census of India its population was reported as 585.

Dewas district
Dewas district (Hindi pronunciation: [d̪eːʋaːs]) is a district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Dewas is the district headquarters. It belongs to Ujjain Division.

The Dewas District roughly corresponds to the territories of the twin Maratha princely states of Dewas - Junior & Senior. The district straddles the Vindhya Range; the northern portion of the district lies on the Malwa plateau, while the southern portion lies in the valley of the Narmada River. The Narmada forms the southern boundary of the district. The district is bounded to the east by Sehore District, to the south by the Harda and Khandwa districts, to the west by the Khargone and Indore districts, and to the north by the Ujjain and Shajapur districts. Dewas District is part of Ujjain Division. Devsaal Rawats of Uttarakhand are said to have their origins in Dewas at the time of legendary king Vikramāditya. Dewas is about 152 kilometres (94 mi) from Bhopal and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Indore by road.
Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge
The Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is a 76,000 acre (307.56 km2) national wildlife refuge located in south-central Arkansas in Ashley, Bradley, and Union counties. Felsenthal NWR is one of three refuges forming an administrative complex, which also includes Pond Creek NWR to the northwest and Overflow NWR to the east.

National Wildlife Refuge
The National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
Hiroaki Kitano
Hiroaki Kitano (北野 宏明; born 1961 in Tokyo) is a Japanese scientist. He is the head of the Systems Biology Institute Archived 17 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine (SBI); Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Sony Group Corporation, Chief Executive Officer of Sony Research Inc. and Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.; a Group Director of the Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling at and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences; and a professor at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST). Kitano is known for developing AIBO, and the robotic world cup tournament known as Robocup.

Riken
Riken (Japanese: 理研; English: /ˈrɪkɛn/; stylized in all caps as RIKEN) is a national scientific research institute in Japan. Founded in 1917, it now has about 3,000 scientists on seven campuses across Japan, including the main site at Wakō, Saitama Prefecture, on the outskirts of Tokyo. Riken is a Designated National Research and Development Institute, and was formerly an Independent Administrative Institution.

Riken conducts research in various fields of science, including physics, chemistry, biology, genomics, medical science, engineering, high-performance computing and computational science, and ranging from basic research to practical applications with 485 partners worldwide. It is almost entirely funded by the Japanese government, with an annual budget of ¥100 billion (US$750 million) in FY2023.
Kingdom of Hodna
The Kingdom of Hodna is the name of a Romano-Berber kingdom located mostly in Mauretania Sitifensis outside the Hodna Mountains in what is present-day Algeria. In the 6th century AD, the polity was led by a king named Ortaias. Initially an ally of the Byzantine Empire, Ortaias was opposed by Mastigas of the Mauro-Roman Kingdom and Iaudas of the Kingdom of the Aurès. It is likely that the Kingdom of Hodna was conquered or absorbed by the Byzantine Empire around 539 after the Praetorian prefect of Africa, Solomon returned land that included the kingdom's territory "into Roman power".

Mastigas
Mastigas or Mastinas (Greek: Μαστίγας or Μαστίνας, fl. 535–541) ruled the Mauro-Roman Kingdom during the sixth century as King of the Moors and Romans, succeeding Masuna. During the reign of Mastigas, the Mauro-Roman Kingdom governed almost the entire ancient Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis, except for the former capital of Caesarea which was held by the Eastern Roman Empire.

Mastigas would ally with Iaudas, ruler of the Kingdom of the Aurès and an enemy of both the Eastern Roman Empire and the previous Mauro-Roman king, Masuna, in an attempt at capturing territory from other smaller Berber kingdoms in the region. Unlike Iaudas and his kingdom, the realm of Mastigas would not face any Eastern Roman attacks, possibly due to its more distant location, and would later on provide a safe haven for surviving defeated Berber forces and rebel Romans.
11552 Boucolion
11552 Boucolion /baʊˈkoʊliɒn/ is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 53 kilometers (33 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 January 1993, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the CERGA Observatory in Caussols, France. The dark D-type asteroid is one of the 90 largest Jupiter trojans and has a long rotation period of 32.4 hours. It was named from Greek mythology after the Boucolion, who lost his sons in the Trojan War.

CERGA Observatory
The CERGA Observatory (French: Centre de recherches en géodynamique et astrométrie, pronounced [sɑ̃tʁ də ʁəʃɛʁʃ ɑ̃ ʒeɔdinamik e astʁɔmetʁi]; obs. code: 010) was a scientific department and astronomical station of the Côte d'Azur Observatory in southern France, where several asteroids were discovered during 1984–1993.
Geometric–harmonic mean
In mathematics, the geometric–harmonic mean M(x, y) of two positive real numbers x and y is defined as follows: we form the geometric mean of g0 = x and h0 = y and call it g1, i.e. g1 is the square root of xy.  We also form the harmonic mean of x and y and call it h1, i.e. h1 is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of x and y.  These may be done sequentially (in any order) or simultaneously.

Now we can iterate this operation with g1 taking the place of x and h1 taking the place of y. In this way, two interdependent sequences (gn) and (hn) are defined:

and

Both of these sequences converge to the same number, which we call the geometric–harmonic mean M(x, y) of x and y. The geometric–harmonic mean is also designated as the harmonic–geometric mean. (cf. Wolfram MathWorld below.)

The existence of the limit can be proved by the means of Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem in a manner almost identical to the proof of existence of arithmetic–geometric mean.

Limit (mathematics)
In mathematics, a limit is the value that a function (or sequence) approaches as the argument (or index) approaches some value. Limits of functions are essential to calculus and mathematical analysis, and are used to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals.
The concept of a limit of a sequence is further generalized to the concept of a limit of a topological net, and is closely related to limit and direct limit in category theory.
The limit inferior and limit superior provide generalizations of the concept of a limit which are particularly relevant when the limit at a point may not exist.
Nowlan-Dietrich House
The Nowlan-Dietrich House is a historic house in Hastings, Nebraska, USA. It was built in 1886–1887 for A. J. Nowlan, a grocer. In 1909, it was acquired by Charles Henry Dietrich, who had been the 11th Governor of Nebraska in 1901 and a United States Senator from Nebraska from 1901 to 1905. Dietrich and his second wife, Margretta, remodelled the house significantly. It remained Dietrich's primary residence until his death.

The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 17, 1979.

Charles H. Dietrich
Charles Henry Dietrich (November 26, 1853 – April 10, 1924) was the 11th Governor of Nebraska. Dietrich began his career in mercantile pursuits and banking. After serving as governor, he was elected U.S. Senator from May 1, 1901 to March 3, 1905.
Fake defection
Fake defection, often referred to as a "provocation" or "dangle" in intelligence circles, is a defection by an intelligence agent made on false pretenses. Fake defectors (who may be referred to as "plants") may spread disinformation or aid in uncovering moles. The risk that a defection may be fake is often a concern by intelligence agencies debriefing defectors.

Examples of Soviet defectors that some sources have considered fake include Oleg Penkovsky (considered fake by Peter Wright and James Angleton) and Vitaly Yurchenko. Examples of US fake defection operations include Operation Shocker.

In fiction, examples of fake defection include the James Bond film The Living Daylights (1987), a subplot in the TV Show The Americans, the novel The Spy Who Came in from the Cold and its film adaptation, and Torn Curtain (1966 film).

Peter Wright (MI5 officer)
Peter Maurice Wright CBE (9 August 1916 – 26 April 1995) was a principal scientific officer for MI5, the British counter-intelligence agency.  His book Spycatcher, written with Paul Greengrass, became an international bestseller with sales of over two million copies. Spycatcher was part memoir, part exposé detailing what Wright claimed were serious institutional failures he investigated within MI5. Wright is said to have been influenced in his counterespionage activity by James Jesus Angleton, counter-intelligence chief of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1954 to 1975.
Trajer Ridge
Trajer Ridge (68°34′S 78°30′E﻿ / ﻿68.567°S 78.500°E﻿ / -68.567; 78.500) is a rock ridge about 125 m high at the south side of the base of Breidnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills. The region was photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) (1954, 1957 and 1958) and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956). Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for F.L. Trajer, weather observer at Davis Station (1961) who, with M. Hay, visited the feature on foot on November 4, 1961.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Trajer Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Melegena viktorai
Melegena viktorai is a species of beetle in the family Disteniidae. This species is found in western Malaysia.

The body is metallic blue, while the head, pronotum, scutellum and elytra are metallic blue green.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
Grippo
Grippo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angela Grippo, American neuroscientist

Carlo Grippo (born 1955), Italian middle distance runner

Charles Grippo, American playwright, author and producer

Diego Lo Grippo (born 1978), Argentine-Italian basketball player

Simone Grippo (born 1988), Swiss footballer

Víctor Grippo (1936–2002), Argentine painter

Víctor Grippo
Victor Grippo (10 May 1936 – February 2002) was an Argentine painter, engraver and sculptor, considered the father of conceptual art in Argentina. He was born in Junín, province of Buenos Aires, the elder of two sons of an Italian immigrant father and an Argentine mother of Albanese origin.
1998 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1998 Tour of the Basque Country was the 38th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 6 April to 10 April 1998. The race started in Hondarribia and finished in Hernani. The race was won by Íñigo Cuesta of the ONCE team.

Hernani, Spain
Hernani is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa, Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. The town sits on the left bank of the Urumea river. It is located at a distance of 9.2 km from San Sebastián. The municipality of Hernani occupies an area of approximately 40 square kilometres and is bordered by San Sebastián, Astigarraga, Arano, Elduayen, Errenteria, Lasarte-Oria and Urnieta.

From the town centre, at the foot of Mount Santa Barbara, it is possible to see a large area of the valley of Urumea. Its festivities, held between 23 and 27 June in honour of John the Baptist; and between his celebrations the popular "azeri dantza" (also celebrated in celebrations of Carnival) should be emphasized.

The title character of Victor Hugo's play Hernani is named after the town.
Holger Stark
Holger Stark (born on September 15, 1962) is a German pharmacist and a Professor at Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf. Stark is a co-inventor of the active ingredient Pitolisant, the only histamine H3 receptor antagonist approved to date.

Histamine H3 receptor
Histamine H3 receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and to a lesser extent the peripheral nervous system, where they act as autoreceptors in presynaptic histaminergic neurons and control histamine turnover by feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and release. The H3 receptor has also been shown to presynaptically inhibit the release of a number of other neurotransmitters (i.e. it acts as an inhibitory heteroreceptor) including, but probably not limited to dopamine, GABA, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, histamine and serotonin.

The gene sequence for H3 receptors expresses only about 22% and 20% homology with both H1 and H2 receptors respectively.

There is much interest in the histamine H3 receptor as a potential therapeutic target because of its involvement in the neuronal mechanism behind many cognitive disorders and especially its location in the central nervous system.
Austria (typeface)
Austria is the typeface formerly used on all official road signage in Austria made prior to 2010. A modified version of its German counterpart DIN 1451, it came in narrow- and medium-width fonts. Since 2010 it has been replaced on all new road signs by the more recently developed Tern typeface.

Traffic sign
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduced, for example the fingerposts in the United Kingdom and their wooden counterparts in Saxony.

With traffic volumes increasing since the 1930s, many countries have adopted pictorial signs or otherwise simplified and standardized their signs to overcome language barriers, and enhance traffic safety. Such pictorial signs use symbols (often silhouettes) in place of words and are usually based on international protocols. Such signs were first developed in Europe, and have been adopted by most countries to varying degrees.
Luzenac–Garanou station
Luzenac–Garanou is a railway station in Luzenac, Occitanie, France. The station is on the Portet-Saint-Simon–Puigcerdà railway. The station is served by TER (local) and Intercités de nuit (night trains) services operated by the SNCF.

The station is also the location of a small freight yard for the Rio Tinto minerals Luzenac Group facility, where talc is extracted.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Aurélien
see also Aurélien (given name), for individuals with the masculine given name.

Aurélien [o.ʁe.ljɛ̃] is a novel by Louis Aragon, the fourth of the Le Monde réel cycle. It was ranked 51st in Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century.

Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century
The 100 Books of the Century (French: Les cent livres du siècle) is a list of the hundred most memorable books of the 20th century, regardless of language, according to a poll performed during the spring of 1999 by the French retailer Fnac and the Paris newspaper Le Monde.
Dattani
Dattani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Birju Dattani, Canadian lawyer

Mahesh Dattani (born 1958), Indian director, actor, playwright, and writer

Naomi Dattani (born 1994), English cricketer

Sameer Dattani (born 1982), Indian actor

Mahesh Dattani
Mahesh Dattani (born 7 August 1958) is an Indian director, actor, playwright and writer. He wrote such plays as Final Solutions, Dance Like a Man, Bravely Fought the Queen, On a Muggy Night in Mumbai, Tara, Thirty Days in September  and The Big Fat City.

He is the first playwright in English to be awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award. His plays have been directed by eminent directors like Arvind Gaur, Alyque Padamsee and Lillete Dubey.

Dattani makes a bold move when he chooses to address the issues concerning gender discrimination. His writings then become important when you wish to explore how deeply certain stereotypes are rooted in society.