hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Botetourt Springs, Virginia
Botetourt Springs (originally:  Sulphur Spring Tract) is a mineral spring and was a historical settlement on the border of Roanoke County, Virginia, and Botetourt County, Virginia, United States. The spring is located 12 mi (19 km) from Fincastle. Botetourt Springs was originally settled in the mid-18th century, growing as a mineral spring resort during the summer, especially after the 1820s.

In its time, it was one of the best known mineral springs in Virginia, and one of the chief sulfuric thermal springs in America. Notable visitors included General Andrew Jackson and General Lafayette.

Botetourt County, Virginia
Botetourt County (/ˈbɒtətɒt/ BOT-ə-tot) is a US county that lies in the Roanoke Region of Virginia. Located in the mountainous portion of the state, the county is bordered by two major ranges, the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.

Botetourt County was created in 1770 from part of Augusta County and was named for Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt. It originally comprised a vast area, which included the southern portion of present-day West Virginia and all of Kentucky. Portions were set off to form new counties beginning in 1772, until the current borders were established in 1851.

Botetourt County is part of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the county seat is the town of Fincastle. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 33,596.
Ait Ben Yacoub
Ait Ben Yacoub is a commune in Midelt Province of the Drâa-Tafilalet administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 4310 people living in 810 households.

Drâa-Tafilalet
Drâa-Tafilalet (Arabic: درعة - تافيلالت, romanized: darʿa - tāfīlālt) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 88,836 km2 and had a population of 1,635,008 as of the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Errachidia.
Köroğlu Mountains
The Köroğlu Mountains (Turkish: Köroğlu Dağları) are a mountain range situated in the northern Turkey, north of Ankara. It rises along the North Anatolian Fault and the Black Sea.

This range crosses the provinces of Bolu, Çankırı and Çorum, and its limits are Sakarya River, to the west, and Kızılırmak River, to the east.

The highest place, situated south of Bolu, is an andesitic formation, constituted by a plateau where is situated the highest point of this range, Köroğlu Tepesi, at 2,499 m (8,200 ft) above sea level.

Two ski resorts near Köroğlu Tepesi were inaugurated: Kartalkaya and Sarialan, with elevations between 1,900 m (6,233 ft) and 2,378 m (7,802 ft).

On 21 January 2025, a fire broke out at the Grand Kartal Hotel in Kartalkaya. At least 78 people were killed, while 51 others were injured.

Çorum Province
Çorum (Turkish: Çorum İli) is a province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, but lying inland and having more characteristics of Central Anatolia than the Black Sea coast. Its area is 12,428 km2, and its population is 524,130 (2022). Its provincial capital is the city of Çorum, the traffic code is 19.
Iblomorpha
Iblomorpha is a small order of barnacles in the class Thecostraca. There are only two families and about eight described species in Iblomorpha. In this group we find barnacles that use calcium phosphate in their shell, and species that protect themselves against predators with poison.

Calcium phosphate
The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxide as well. Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritional value and are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel. In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in micelles bound to casein protein with magnesium, zinc, and citrate–collectively referred to as colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP). Various calcium phosphate minerals, which often are not white owing to impurities, are used in the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to nutrient-containing surface runoff and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as algal blooms and eutrophication (over-enrichment with nutrients and minerals).
Bob Constan
Bob Constan (born March 1, 1959) is a politician from the state of Michigan. He was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives. A Democrat, he represented the 16th district in Wayne County, and includes the portions of Dearborn Heights, Garden City, Inkster and Allen Park. He currently sits on the City Council for the City of Dearborn Heights.

Michigan's 16th House of Representatives district
Michigan's 16th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 16th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in part of Wayne County. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.
Julian Flügel
Julian Flügel (born 18 April 1986) is a German long-distance runner who specialises in the marathon. He competed in the men's marathon event at the 2016 Summer Olympics where he finished in 71st place.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro took place on the Sambódromo on 21 August, the final day of the Games. One hundred fifty-five athletes from 79 nations competed. The event was won by Eliud Kipchoge of Kenya, the nation's second victory in the event in three Games. Feyisa Lilesa of Ethiopia took silver, while Galen Rupp of the United States took bronze. The defending champion going into the marathon was Ugandan Stephen Kiprotich.
HMS Marianne
Four vessels have served the British Royal Navy under the name Marianne, though it is not clear that all were commissioned.

Marianne was a storeship purchased in 1788 and listed until 1793.

Marianne was the French transport Marianne of 12 guns. The French Navy acquired her in 1798 and the squadron of Commodore Sir Sidney Smith captured her off Syria on 1 March 1799, The French recaptured her in March, but the British recaptured her in November. She was sold in September 1801.

Marianne was a Spanish 10-gun schooner that HMS Swift captured in 1805 and used as a ship's tender. She was still listed in 1806.

Marianne was a slave ship of 460 tons (bm), that  HMS Styx and Jasper captured on 22 March 1858, and that the Navy purchased in 1859. From 1860 she served at Jamaica as a receiving ship and lazaretto. In February 1864 she was ordered broken up; she was broken up in 1867.

Sidney Smith (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith (21 June 1764 – 26 May 1840) was a British naval officer and politician. Serving in the American War of Independence and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, he rose to the rank of admiral in the Royal Navy. Smith was known for his outspoken character and penchant for acting on his own initiative, which caused a great deal of friction with many of his superiors and colleagues.

His military skill, personal intelligence and enterprise led to his involvement in a variety of tasks which involved warfare, diplomacy and espionage. He became a hero in Britain for leading the successful defence of Acre in 1799, thwarting Napoleon's plans of further conquest in the Sinai. Napoleon Bonaparte, reminiscing later in his life, said of him: "That man made me miss my destiny".
Anti-Clock
Anti-Clock (also known as Anti-clock: a Time Stop in the Life of Joseph Sapha) is a 1979 British experimental psychological science-fiction drama film directed by Jane Arden and Jack Bond. It was written by Arden and produced by Bond. The film, which stars Arden's son Sebastian Saville, was shot on film and video in colour with black and white sequences.

Psychological drama
Psychological drama, or psychodrama, is a subgenre of drama and psychological fiction literatures that generally focuses upon the emotional, mental, and psychological development of the protagonists and other characters within the narrative, which is highlighted by the drama. It is widely known as one of the main subgenres of psychological fiction; the subgenre is commonly used for films and television series.
Hearn Stage at The Kress Theatre
Hearn Stage at The Kress Theatre is a small, blackbox performance space located at the corner of Fourth and Johnston streets in downtown Alexandria, Louisiana in the historic Rapides Foundation Building. The Kress Theatre gets its name from the building's former occupant, the Kress Five and Dime Store. Two local theatre collectives, City Park Players and Spectral Sisters Productions, are currently based out of The Kress Theatre.

S. H. Kress & Co.
S. H. Kress & Co. was the trading name of a chain of five-and-dime retail department stores in the United States established by Samuel Henry Kress. It operated from 1896 to 2001. In the first half of the 20th century, there were Kress stores with ornamented architecture in hundreds of cities and towns.
Golanthara Vartha
Golanthara Vartha (English: Global News) is a 1993 Malayalam film directed by Sathyan Anthikad, written by Sreenivasan, and produced by B. Sasikumar. It stars  Mammootty, Shobana, Sreenivasan, and Kanaka in the main roles.

Sathyan Anthikad
Sathyan Anthikad is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and lyricist who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema. In a career spanning five decades he has directed more than 50 films, been the lyricist for 12 films and been the scriptwriter for 6 films. He is the recipient of several accolades including a National Film Award, five Kerala State Film Awards and three Filmfare Awards. He received the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Humour in 2019 for his book, Eeswaran Mathram Sakshi.
2003 Mauritanian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Mauritania on 7 November 2003. As expected, incumbent President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya was easily re-elected against weak opposition.

The opposition alleged election fraud, and Ould Taya's main challenger, former military ruler Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla (the man who Ould Taya ousted when he seized power in December 1984), was arrested both immediately before and after the vote. The elections saw two notable firsts; Aicha Bint Jeddane was the country's first female presidential candidate, and Messaoud Ould Boulkheir was the first descendant of slaves to run for the office.

The elections took place a few months after a violent unsuccessful coup attempt in June 2003. Ould Taya was overthrown in a coup two years later, in August 2005.

2005 Mauritanian coup d'état
A military coup took place in Mauritania on 3 August 2005. President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya was ousted by the Armed Forces of Mauritania and replaced by the Military Council for Justice and Democracy (CMJD), headed by Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, while Taya was in Saudi Arabia attending the funeral of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia.

A constitutional referendum, parliamentary and presidential elections were scheduled and the coup leaders vowed not to contest any of the elections. The military government ended with the presidential election on 11 March 2007 as promised.
1958 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 1, 1958. Four year incumbent mayor Nathan Phillips won reelection against Controller Ford Brand, who was supported by the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and Toronto Labour Council, and Controller Joseph Cornish.

William Dennison (Canadian politician)
William Donald Dennison (January 20, 1905 – May 2, 1981) was a Canadian politician who served as the 55th mayor of Toronto from 1967 to 1972. Dennison was first elected as an alderman on Toronto City Council in 1941. A member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), he was elected to be the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for St. David from 1943 to 1945 and 1948 to 1951. He returned to municipal politics in 1953, serving as an alderman until 1958 when he was elected to the Toronto Board of Control. Dennison ran for mayor in the 1966 municipal election, defeating Phil Givens, the incumbent. Prior to entering politics, he was a school principal and teacher. As of 2022, he was the last mayor of Toronto to be a member of the Orange Order.
Lakewood, Edmonton
Lakewood is a community comprising three neighbourhoods within the west-central portion of Mill Woods in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Neighbourhoods within the community include Kameyosek, Meyonohk and Tipaskan.

The community is represented by the Lakewood Community League, established in 1978, which maintains a community hall at Lakewood Road East and 31 Avenue.

Community centre
A community centre, community center, or community hall is a public location where members of a community gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may be open for the whole community or for a specialized subgroup within the greater community. Community centres can be religious in nature, such as Christian churches, Islamic mosques, Jewish synagogues, Hindu temples, or Buddhist temples; though they can also be secular and in some cases government-run, such as youth clubs or Leisure centres.
Shipka (town)
Shipka (Bulgarian: Шипка [ˈʃipkɐ], "Rosa canina") is a town in central Bulgaria, part of Kazanlak Municipality, Stara Zagora Province. It lies in the Central Balkan Mountains at 650 metres above sea level, facing the Kazanlak Valley. As of 2005, Shipka had a population of 1,398.

The town is known for being located near the historic Shipka Pass, the location of several key battles in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. Local sights include the Shipka Memorial (1934) on Stoletov Peak, the Buzludzha Monument, the Russian-style Shipka Memorial Church (1885–1902) and the recently discovered Thracian tomb Golyamata Kosmatka.

The population is overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox and ethnically Bulgarian, with a notable minority of Karakachans (a Greek-speaking transhumant people of obscure origin).

Stara Zagora Province
42°25′N 25°30′E﻿ / ﻿42.417°N 25.500°E﻿ / 42.417; 25.500

Stara Zagora (Bulgarian: Област Стара Загора), formerly known as the Stara Zagora okrug, is a province of south-central Bulgaria. It is named after its administrative and industrial centre—the city of Stara Zagora—the sixth-biggest town in the country. The province embraces a territory of 5,151.1 km2 (1,988.9 sq mi) that is divided into 11 municipalities with a total population, as of December 2009, of 350,925 inhabitants.

In the southeastern part of the province on the edge of Radnevo Municipality there is a coal production facility. Between 1934 and 1949, the province included parts of the present Kardzhali Province.
Lovatelli urn
The Lovatelli urn is an early Roman imperial period or 1st century CE marble funerary urn. It is thought to depict Persephone, Demeter and Triptolemus, the triad of the Eleusinian Mysteries, however, there are several different competing interpretations about the figures and their meaning in the literature.

It was found during an 1876 excavation of the columbarium of the Statilii on the Esquiline Hill near Porta Maggiore in Rome, Italy. This area contained the remains of freed slaves and servants of the family. The object is named after Ersilia Caetani Lovatelli, an Italian art historian and archaeologist who first published a description of it in 1896.  It is held in the collection of the National Roman Museum.

Statilia gens
The gens Statilia was a plebeian family of Lucanian origin at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned in the third century BC, when one of them led the Lucanian assault on the city of Thurii, and another commanded an allied cavalry troop during the Second Punic War; but at Rome the Statilii first come to attention in the time of Cicero, at which point they held equestrian rank.  The first of the family to attain the consulship was Titus Statilius Taurus in 37 BC, and his descendants continued to fill the highest offices of the Roman state until the time of Marcus Aurelius.
Model figure
A model figure is a scale model representing a human, monster or other creature. Human figures may be either a generic figure of a type (such as "World War II Luftwaffe pilot"), a historical personage (such as "King Henry VIII"), or a fictional character (such as "Conan").

Model figures are sold both as kits for enthusiast to construct and paint and as pre-built, pre-painted collectable figurines. Model kits may be made in plastic (usually polystyrene), polyurethane resin, or metal (including white metal); collectables are usually made of plastic, porcelain, or (rarely) bronze.

There are larger size (12-inch or 30 cm tall) that have been produced for recent movie characters (Princess Leia from Star Wars, for example). Large plastic military figures are made by some model soldier manufacturers as a sideline.

Monogram (company)
Monogram is an American brand and former manufacturing company of scale plastic models of cars, aircraft, spacecraft, ships, and military vehicles since the early 1950s. The company was formed by two former employees of Comet Kits, Jack Besser and Bob Reder.

Mattel acquired Monogram in 1968, and the firm passed through various owners and was merged with Revell, the combined company being bought by Hobbico in 2007. Along with Revell, AMT, and MPC, Monogram is sometimes called one of the traditional "Big 4" in plastic modeling.
Abderrahim Bouabid
Abderrahim Bouabid (Arabic: عبد الرحيم بوعبيد, romanized: ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Bū ʿAbīd; 23 March 1922 – 8 January 1992) was a Moroccan politician, and head of the left-wing Socialist Union of Popular Forces (SUPF) between 1975 and 1992.

Socialist Union of Popular Forces
The Socialist Union of Popular Forces (Arabic: الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية, romanized: al-ittiḥād al-ištirāki lil quwāt aš-šaʿbīya; Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵉⵖⴰⵍⵍⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ, romanized: tamunt tanmlayt niɣalln igdudann; French: Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires, USFP) is a social democratic political party in Morocco. It claims ideas of social justice, modernity and the fight against inequalities.
Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas
The Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad of Public Schools (Portuguese: Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas) (OBMEP) is an annual Mathematics contest created in 2005 by the Brazilian Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) and Ministério da Educação (MEC), in collaboration with Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) and Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática (SBM), to stimulate the mathematics education in Brazil. It is open to public school students from fifth grade to high school. Yearly, around 18 million students are enrolled for its first round.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
2000–01 FA Women's Premier League
The 2000–01 FA Women's Premier League season was the 10th season of the FA Women's Premier League. Croydon's women's team, champions in the previous season, were bought by Charlton Athletic and allowed to bear its name. Liverpool, founder members of the Women's Premier League, were relegated. For the first time the champions, Arsenal, qualified for the inaugural UEFA Women's Cup, the women's European club championship.

Aston Villa W.F.C.
Aston Villa Women Football Club is the women's football team of Aston Villa, currently playing in the Women's Super League. The club has been in existence since 1973. Originally titled Solihull F.C., the team affiliated to Aston Villa in 1989, becoming Villa Aztecs, and became the official Aston Villa women's side in 1996. The club have a senior team, a reserve team and several other teams of younger age groups under a Regional Talent Club FA license.
Jubilee Country Park
Jubilee Country Park is a 62-acre (25 ha) public park in Petts Wood in the London Borough of Bromley. It is a Local Nature Reserve and a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation. It was purchased by Bromley Council to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 1977, and opened as a park in 1981.

The park is part of an extensive wildlife corridor together with Petts Wood and Scadbury Park. The London Loop goes through it.

The park consists of extensive areas of grassland and ancient woodland. The grassland has a large population of the rare corkyfruit water dropwort, while midland hawthorns are abundant in the woodland.
There is access from Southborough Lane, Blackbrook Lane and Tent Peg Lane.

Oenanthe pimpinelloides
Oenanthe pimpinelloides is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name corky-fruited water-dropwort. It is a plant of tall, lightly grazed or infrequently mown grassland and coastal meadows in Europe and neighbouring parts of Asia and North Africa.
Dig It (Klaus Schulze album)
Dig It is the thirteenth album by Klaus Schulze. It was originally released in 1980, and in 2005 was the sixth Schulze album reissued by Revisited Records. It is Schulze's first fully digital recording. The 2005 reissue includes a bonus DVD with the video recording of the 1980 performance at Ars Electronica, which was previously released as audio on The Ultimate Edition (2000).

The opening track, "Death of an Analogue", would later find use as the main theme to the 1982 Australian horror film Next of Kin, starring Jacki Kerin and John Jarratt.

Digital recording
In digital recording, an audio or video signal is converted into a stream of discrete numbers representing the changes over time in air pressure for audio, or chroma and luminance values for video.  This number stream is saved to a storage device.  To play back a digital recording, the numbers are retrieved and converted back into their original analog audio or video forms so that they can be heard or seen.

In a properly matched analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) pair, the analog signal is accurately reconstructed, within the constraints of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, which dictates the sampling rate and quantization error dependent on the audio or video bit depth. Because the signal is stored digitally, assuming proper error detection and correction, the recording is not degraded by copying, storage or interference.