hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leichhardtia lloydii
Leichhardtia lloydii, synonym Marsdenia lloydii, is a climbing plant found in eastern Australia (New South Wales, Queensland). It is known as the corky marsdenia. This member of the dogbane family exudes white sap when leaves are broken from the stem. The stems have a white fissured corky covering. This plant is found in and around drier rainforest areas, north from Gloucester, New South Wales.

Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in the xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.  These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separate substance, separately produced, and with different components and functions.

Insect honeydew is called sap, particularly when it falls from trees, but is only the remains of eaten sap and other plant parts.
Buddy Fogelson
Elijah E. "Buddy" Fogelson (February 16, 1900 – December 1, 1987) was an American lawyer, Army colonel, businessman, horse and cattle breeder, and philanthropist. Although born in Lincoln, Nebraska, he spent a large part of his life in Texas, where he attended Texas Christian University in 1919 and 1920. He went on to make a fortune as a wildcatter in the oil industry.

In 1941, Buddy Fogelson acquired the Forked Lightning Ranch along the Pecos River about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Santa Fe, New Mexico on which he raised Santa Gertrudis cattle. Over time, he acquired adjacent parcels of land to swell the size of his ranch to 13,000 acres (53 km2). He married actress Greer Garson in 1949, and their marriage lasted almost 40 years until his death.

Wildcatter
A wildcatter is an individual who drills wildcat wells, which are exploration oil wells drilled in areas not known to be oil fields. Notable wildcatters include J. Steve Anderson, Glenn McCarthy, Thomas Baker Slick Sr., Mike Benedum, Joe Trees, Clem S. Clarke, and Columbus Marion Joiner; Joiner is responsible for finding the East Texas Oil Field in 1930.

The term was used in the early oil industry in western Pennsylvania. Oil wells in unproven territory were called "wild cat" wells from mid-1870, and those who drilled them were called "wild-catters" by 1876. For instance, the Titusville Herald noted in 1880: "The discovery of the fluid in New York State was the signal for a general exodus of wildcatters from all parts of the oil country ..."
SS Elisabethville (1921)
Elisabethville was an 8,851 GRT ocean liner which was built in 1921 for Compagnie Belge Maritime du Congo. In 1930 the company became Compagnie Maritime Belge. She served the Antwerp - Matadi route, connecting Belgium to Belgian Congo.

Elisabethville was named after a city in what was then Belgian Congo. The city is now Lubumbashi, which is the second largest city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, only behind the capital Kinshasa.

In 1940 Elisabethville was requisitioned by the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) for use as a troopship. She briefly returned to merchant service in 1946 before being requisitioned again in 1947 for further troopship duties, and rechristened the Empire Bure.

She was then laid up before being sold in 1950 to Charlton Steamship Co. and was renamed Charlton Star. In 1958 she was sold to Greek owners and renamed Maristrella, serving until she was scrapped in 1960.

Lubumbashi
Lubumbashi (UK: /ˌluːbʊmˈbæʃi/ LOO-buum-BASH-ee, US: /ˌluːbuːmˈbɑːʃi/ LOO-boom-BAH-shee), formerly Élisabethville ([elizabɛtvil]; Dutch: Elisabethstad [eːˈlisaːbɛtstɑt] ⓘ), is the second-largest city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the country's southeasternmost part, near the border with Zambia. The capital and principal city of the Haut-Katanga Province, Lubumbashi is the center of mining in the region, acting as a hub for many of the country's largest mining companies. No definite population figures are available, but the population of the city's urban area is estimated to be around 2,584,000 in 2021.
Mac Cara
Dominic "Mac" Anthony Cara (November 11, 1914 – April 16, 1993) was an American football end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Pirates.  He played college football at North Carolina State University and was drafted in the tenth round of the 1937 NFL draft. He graduated and played high school football at Bellaire, Ohio for Bellaire High School

After his NFL career ended, Cara became an assistant football coach at his alma mater of Bellaire High School, then became the head coach at Steubenville Catholic Central High School for eight seasons where he had two unbeaten teams. He later served as an assistant coach in college coaching wide receivers and tight ends at Georgetown University (1948), Mississippi State University (1949–1953), and University of Florida (1954–1959). He is a member of the Bellaire High School Hall of Fame.

1937 NFL draft
The 1937 NFL draft was the second draft held by the National Football League (NFL). The draft took place December 12, 1936, at the Hotel Lincoln in New York City. The draft consisted of 10 rounds, with 100 player selections, two of which would later become members of the Professional Football Hall of Fame. Notable for this draft were the league's draft selections for a planned expansion team, the Cleveland Rams, who were admitted into the league prior to the 1937 season. The Philadelphia Eagles used the first overall pick to select back Sam Francis, but ended up trading him to Chicago Bears two months later.
Rote boobook
The Rote boobook (Ninox rotiensis) is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to Rote Island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia.

It was first described in 1997 by Australian biologists Ronald Johnstone and J.C. Darnell from a female collected in a mist net in 1990. It is smaller than the Australian boobook, with heavily barred primaries, rump and tail. Locally common, it is known as Tuterui and Kokorok in Landu and Oelaba localities respectively on the island. Genetic and call analysis show it to be markedly divergent from the Australian populations of the Australian boobook, leading Gwee and colleagues to suggest it be reclassified as a separate species, which duly happened in 2019.

Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".
1990-Sick (Get 'Em All)
"1990-Sick (Get 'Em All)" (AKA: "1990-Sick (Kill 'Em All)") is a 1995 song by Spice 1. It originally appeared on the album of the same name. The song features a guest verse from fellow West Coast rapper MC Eiht. The song would go on to reach #91 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip Hop Singles & Tracks chart and #18 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. Due to extreme amounts of profane language and violent content in the lyrics, the lyrics in the music video version for "1990-Sick" are heavily altered, to the point where the lyrics are unrecognizable when compared to the original uncensored album version. A version of the song without MC Eiht was also made and included on the 1990-Sick album. The song was released as a 12-inch single on October 30, 1995, and later appeared on Spice's 1998 greatest hits album Hits.

MC Eiht
Aaron Bernard Tyler (born May 22, 1971), better known by his stage name MC Eiht (pronounced "MC Eight"), is an American rapper and actor. Many of his songs are based on his life in Compton, California. His stage name was partly inspired by the numeral in KRS-One's name. He chose Eiht for its links to "hood culture", including Olde English 800 (8 Ball) and .38 caliber firearms. He is the de facto leader of West Coast hip-hop group Compton's Most Wanted, which also included fellow Compton-based rappers Boom Bam, The Unknown DJ, Tha Chill, DJ Slip, DJ Mike T, and Ant Capone. He is also known for his role as A-Wax in the teen crime drama film Menace II Society (1993), as well as voicing the character Ryder in the action-adventure game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004). He is also the co-host of the podcast Gangster Chronicles.
Battle of Wiesloch (1632)
The Battle of Wiesloch (German: Schlacht bei Wiesloch) occurred on 16 August 1632 during the Thirty Years' War near the German city of Wiesloch, south of Heidelberg.

A Swedish army led by Count Gustav Horn fought an army of the Holy Roman Empire led by Count Ernesto Montecuccoli.

The battle resulted in a Swedish victory.

Gustav Horn
Count Gustav Horn (October 22, 1592 – May 10, 1657) was a Swedish nobleman, military officer, and Governor-General.  
He was appointed member of the Royal Council in 1625, Field Marshal in 1628, Governor General of Livonia in 1652 and Lord High Constable since 1653. In the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), he was instrumental as a commander in securing victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld, in 1631. He was High Councillor of the realm in 1625, elevated to the rank of field marshal in 1628, and sometimes commander-in-chief of Swedish forces in Germany during Thirty Years' War.  After the war, he served as Governor-General of Livonia 1652, President of War department and Lord High Constable in 1653.  In 1651, Queen Christina created him Count of Björneborg (Horn af Björneborg).
Bartire
The Bartire (Somali: Bartirre, Arabic: بارتري), (or Barre Jidwaaq Absame) are a Somali sub clan, part of the Jidwaq of the major Absame branch, which whom belongs to the Darod clan. One of the largest Somali tribe-families.

Garad
Garad (Harari: ገራድ Gärād, Somali: Garaad, Arabic: الجراد, Oromo: Garaada) is a term used to refer to a king, Sultan or regional administrator. It was used primarily by Muslims in the Horn of Africa that were associated with Islamic states, most notably the Adal Sultanate.
Sindoor (1987 film)
Sindoor (transl. Vermilion) is a 1987 Indian Hindi-language drama film, produced by A. Krishnamurthy under the Tinu International Films banner, directed by K. Ravi Shankar. It stars Shashi Kapoor, Jaya Prada, Govinda and Neelam Kothari in leading roles, Kader Khan, Shakti Kapoor, Gulshan Grover, Asrani and Aruna Irani in supporting roles and also featuring special appearances by Jeetendra and Rishi Kapoor. The music is composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal. The film was a remake of Tamil film Unnai Naan Santhithen (1984). It was released on 14 August 1987, along with Watan Ke Rakhwale, but still did well commercially and proved to be a box office hit as well as one of the highest grossing films of 1987.

Gulshan Grover
Gulshan Grover (born 21 September 1955) is an Indian actor and film producer who has appeared in over 100 films. He is popularly known as the "Bad Man" of Hindi cinema because of his ability to create an impact with his negative roles in films.
Alice Merton
Alice Florence Clarissa Merton (born 13 September 1993) is a British-based German-Canadian singer-songwriter. Merton achieved mainstream success with her debut single, "No Roots". In 2017, she released her first EP of the same name, and released her debut studio album Mint in 2019. S.I.D.E.S. was released as her second studio album in 2022. Her third studio album, Visions, was released on 16 January 2026.

Oakville, Ontario
Oakville is a town and lower-tier municipality and the seat of the Halton Region, Ontario, Canada. In the 2021 Canadian census the town had a population of 213,759, with an estimated 233,700 people as of 2024, making it Ontario's largest town. Oakville is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the largest urban area in Canada.
The Rupture
The Rupture (formerly named The Collagist) is a literary journal founded in 2009 by American author Matt Bell. The first issue appeared in August 2009. It was renamed The Rupture in 2019. It is one of the longest running online literary magazines.  Work appearing in The Rupture has appeared in numerous award anthologies, including the Pushcart Prize, The Best American Poetry, the Wigleaf top 50, the Best of the Net.

Matt Bell (author)
Matt Bell (born August 23, 1980) is an American writer. He is the author of Appleseed (2021), How They Were Found (2010) and Cataclysm Baby (2012). He received his BA from Oakland University and his MFA from Bowling Green State University. In 2012, he took a position as an assistant professor in the English department at Northern Michigan University, and currently teaches in the English department at Arizona State University.

Bell is the senior editor at Dzanc Books, as well as the founding editor of The Collagist, a monthly online literary magazine. His short fiction has also appeared in numerous literary magazines, including Conjunctions, Hayden's Ferry Review, Gulf Coast, Guernica, Willow Springs, Unsaid, and American Short Fiction. His stories have been anthologized in The Best American Mystery Stories, Best American Fantasy, and 30 Under 30: an Anthology of Innovative Fiction by Younger Writers.
Kiladi Jodi
Kiladi Jodi (pronunciationⓘ) is 1978 Indian Kannada language action-adventure film directed by S. V. Rajendra Singh Babu. Co-written by H. V. Subba Rao, the film stars Vishnuvardhan, Srinath, and Lakshmi (in a dual role), alongside guest appearances by Ambareesh and Jayamalini. Produced by K. Venkatesh Dutt under the V. V. International banner, it features cinematography by P. S. Prakash, editing by K. Balu, and a musical score composed by the duo Rajan–Nagendra.

Following the success of the film, Babu remade and directed the film in Hindi as Ek Se Bhale Do, released in 1985.

Srinath (Kannada actor)
Narayana Swamy (born 28 December 1943), known by his stage name Srinath, is an Indian actor and film producer who works predominantly in Kannada cinema. He holds the position of vice-president of the Kannada television channel Udaya TV. He is popular for presenting the Game Show, Adarsha Dampatigalu (Kannada: ಆದರ್ಶ ದಂಪತಿಗಳು). Srinath has earned the nickname Pranaya Raja meaning 'King of Romance' because of his stupendous success in romantic movies during the 70s. In 2003, he was conferred the 
‛Kalaratna’ Award by the Government of Karnataka.
Egypt–Iraq relations
Egypt–Iraq relations have alternated over time between cooperation and rivalry. The relationship soured in 1977 following Egypt's peace accords with Israel. In 1978, Baghdad hosted an Arab League summit that condemned Egypt for accepting the Camp David accords. However, Egypt's strong material and diplomatic support for Iraq in the Iran–Iraq War led to warmer relations and contact between senior officials, despite the absence of ambassadorial-level representation. Since 1983, Iraq has repeatedly called for the restoration of Egypt's "natural role" among Arab countries. In January 1984, Iraq successfully led Arab efforts within the OIC to restore Egypt's membership. Egypt–Iraq relations worsened again  in 1990 after Egypt joined the UN coalition that forced Iraq out of Kuwait. However, relations have steadily improved since then and Egypt is now one of Iraq's main trade partners (formerly under the Oil-for-Food Programme).

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.
Molare
Molare is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Alessandria.

Molare borders the following municipalities: Cassinelle, Cremolino, Ovada, Ponzone, Rossiglione, and Tiglieto.

Ovada
Ovada (Uà and Guà in Ligurian, Ovà  in Piedmontese) is a comune (municipality) of 11,484 inhabitants in the Province of Alessandria in the northern Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Alessandria.

Ovada is the main comune of the Ovadese area, an area of the Lower Piedmont and Upper Montferrat, located in the southern portion of the province of Alessandria.Their patron saint is San Paolo della Croce. His saint’s day is on 18 October.
Nijman
Nijman is a Dutch surname. Among variant forms are Neijman, Neyman, Nieman(s), and Nyman. It originated as a nickname for either an unknown or nameless person, related to modern Dutch niemand ("nobody"), or for a newcomer to a place (modern Dutch nieuw man, cognate to English Newman and German Neumann. People with this surname include:

Brigitte Nijman (born 1970), Duch musical actress, singer and voice actor

Hans Nijman (1959–2014), Dutch mixed martial artist and professional wrestler.

Jan Willem Nijman (born 1990s), Dutch video game developer

Jerry Nijman (born 1966), Suriname-born Dutch boxer

Marijn Nijman (born 1985), Dutch cricketer, sister of Ruud

Max Nijman (1941–2016), Surinamese singer

Ruud Nijman (born 1982), Dutch cricketer, brother of Marijn

Yosh Nijman (born 1996), American football player

Max Nijman
Max Reinier Nijman (March 18, 1941 – January 19, 2016) was a Surinamese singer. His song "Adjosi" ("Adieu"), which sings of the homesickness of Surinamese expatriates, became his signature song, and he is one of Suriname's icons.
AM1*
AM1* is a semiempirical molecular orbital technique in computational chemistry. The method was developed by Timothy Clark and co-workers (in Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg) and published first in 2003.

Indeed, AM1* is an extension of AM1 molecular orbital theory and uses AM1 parameters and theory unchanged for the elements H, C, N, O and F. But, other elements have been parameterized using an additional set of d-orbitals in the basis set and with two-center core–core parameters, rather than the Gaussian functions used to modify the core–core potential in AM1. Additionally, for transition metal-hydrogen interactions, a distance dependent term is used to calculate core-core potentials rather than the constant term.

AM1* parameters are now available for H, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni,  Cu, Zn, Br, Zr, Mo, Pd, Ag, I and Au.

AM1* is implemented in VAMP 10.0  and Materials Studio (Accelrys Software Inc.).

Computational chemistry
Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulations to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry incorporated into computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids.  The importance of this subject stems from the fact that, with the exception of some relatively recent findings related to the hydrogen molecular ion (dihydrogen cation), achieving an accurate quantum mechanical depiction of chemical systems analytically, or in a closed form, is not feasible. The complexity inherent in the many-body problem exacerbates the challenge of providing detailed descriptions of quantum mechanical systems. While computational results normally complement information obtained by chemical experiments, it can occasionally predict unobserved chemical phenomena.
Michael Saunders (academic)
Michael Alan Saunders is a New Zealand American numerical analyst and computer scientist. He is a research professor of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University. Saunders is known for his contributions to numerical linear algebra and numerical optimization and has developed many widely used software packages, such as MINOS, NPSOL, and SNOPT.

Saunders developed the MINRES method for the iterative solution of symmetric linear equation systems in 1975 together with Christopher Conway Paige.

NPSOL
NPSOL is a software package that performs numerical optimization. It solves nonlinear constrained problems using the sequential quadratic programming algorithm. It was written in Fortran by Philip Gill of UCSD and Walter Murray, Michael Saunders and Margaret Wright of Stanford University. The name derives from a combination of NP for nonlinear programming and SOL, the Systems Optimization Laboratory at Stanford.
Lilian Renaud
Lilian Renaud (born 11 October 1991 in Mamirolle, département du Doubs, France) is a French singer who won the title in Season 4 of the French music competition The Voice: la plus belle voix broadcast on TF1 from 10 January 2015 to 25 April 2015.

TF1
TF1 (French: [te ɛf œ̃] ⓘ; standing for Télévision Française 1) is a French commercial television network owned by TF1 Group, controlled by the Bouygues conglomerate. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network.

TF1 is part of the TF1 Group of mass media companies, which also includes the news channel LCI. It previously owned the satellite TV provider TPS, which was sold to Canal+ Group.

The network is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HBBTV) initiative, promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of terrestrial TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
Charles Wilkes
Charles Wilkes (April 3, 1798 – February 8, 1877) was an American naval officer, ship's captain, and explorer. He led the first United States Exploring Expedition (1838–1842). 
During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he commanded USS San Jacinto during the Trent Affair incident in which he stopped a British Royal Mail ship and forcibly removed two Confederate diplomats, almost leading to war between the United States and United Kingdom.

St. George's, Bermuda
St. George's (formally the Town of St. George or St. George's Town), located on the island and within the parish of the same names (and on the northern side of St. George's Harbour), settled in 1612, is the first permanent English (and later British) settlement on the islands of Bermuda. It is often described as the third permanent British settlement in the Americas, after Jamestown, Virginia (1607), and Cupids, Newfoundland (1610), and the oldest continuously-inhabited British town in the New World, since the other two settlements were seasonal for a number of years.
In Too Deep (1999 film)
In Too Deep is a 1999 American crime thriller film directed by Michael Rymer from a screenplay written by Michael Henry Brown and Paul Aaron. The film stars Omar Epps, LL Cool J, Nia Long, Stanley Tucci, Hill Harper and Pam Grier.

Hill Harper
Frank Eugene "Hill" Harper (born May 17, 1966) is an American actor and political candidate, who is known for his roles as Dr. Sheldon Hawkes in CSI: NY, Agent Spelman Boyle in Limitless, and Dr. Marcus Andrews in The Good Doctor.

Harper was a candidate in the Democratic Primary in the 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan to fill the seat of retiring incumbent, Senator Debbie Stabenow.