hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Symphony No. 4 (Prokofiev)
Sergei Prokofiev's Symphony No. 4 is actually two works, both using material created for The Prodigal Son ballet. The first, Op. 47, was completed in 1930 and premiered that November; it lasts about 22 minutes. The second, Op. 112, is too different to be termed a "revision"; made in 1947, it is about 37 minutes long, differs stylistically from the earlier work, reflecting a new context, and differs formally as well in its grander instrumentation.

Instrumentation (music)
In music, instrumentation is the particular combination of musical instruments employed in a composition, and the properties of those instruments individually. Instrumentation is sometimes used as a synonym for orchestration. This juxtaposition of the two terms was first made in 1843 by Hector Berlioz in his Grand traité d'instrumentation et d'orchestration modernes, and various attempts have since been made to differentiate them. Instrumentation is a more general term referring to an orchestrator's, composer's or arranger's selection of instruments in varying combinations, or even a choice made by the performers for a particular performance, as opposed to the narrower sense of orchestration, which is the act of scoring for orchestra a work originally written for a solo instrument or smaller group of instruments.
Wootton Courtenay
Wootton Courtenay is a village and civil parish on Exmoor in Somerset, England. The parish includes the hamlets of Brockwell and Huntscott.

The village lies on the route of the Macmillan Way West and the Celtic Way Exmoor Option.

Celtic Way
The Celtic Way is a long-distance walk from West Wales, through South Wales and into Wessex and the West of England in the United Kingdom. The route is 725-mile-long (1,167 km) and visits more than one hundred pre-historic sites through its route.
Madhabi
Madhabi (Nepali: माधवी) is a 1983 Nepali mythological novel by Madan Mani Dixit. It was published on 13 April 1983 by Sajha Prakashan, and won the Madan Puraskar (2039 BS) for the same year. It is a retelling of the story of Madhabi and Gallav from Mahabharata. Written in a grandiose setting, the novel depicts the economic, social and political conditions of Vedic Indian society three thousand years ago. The original story is told in Mahabharat to Duryodhana to teach him about the result of stubbornness and how it can destroy life.

The book illustrates the evils of ancient Indian society, such as slavery and patriarchy, and the helplessness of a woman in a patriarchal society and her exploitation by men. Madhavi is used by multiple men throughout the book, but is neglected towards the end. The novel is considered a classic in Nepali literature.

Sajha Publications
Sajha Publications (Nepali: साझा प्रकाशन, romanized: Sajha Prakashan, lit. 'Common Publication') is the oldest publishing house of Nepal. It was established in 1913 and is funded by the Government of Nepal. Headquartered in Lalitpur, it has regional branches in Biratnagar, Pokhara, Nepalgunj and Dhangadi.

Litterateur and former bureaucrat Prahlad Pokhrel is the general manager of the publishing house.
Turki railway station
Turki railway station is a railway station on the Muzaffarpur–Hajipur section in East Central Railway under Sonpur railway division of Indian Railways. The railway station is situated beside National Highway 22, Block Road at Turki in Muzaffarpur district of the Indian state of Bihar.

Muzaffarpur district
Muzaffarpur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. Muzaffarpur district is part of and also the headquarters of Tirhut division. Muzaffarpur district is the financial and un-official capital of North Bihar Tirhut is the ancient name of all of northern Bihar.
Diguanylate cyclase
In enzymology, diguanylate cyclase, also known as diguanylate kinase (EC 2.7.7.65), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

2 Guanosine triphosphate ↔ 2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

The substrates of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) are two molecules of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and the products are two molecules of diphosphate and one molecule of cyclic di-3’,5’-guanylate (cyclic di-GMP).

Degradation of cyclic di-GMP to guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is catalyzed by a phosphodiesterase (PDE).

Phosphodiesterase
A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond.  Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below.  However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, DNases, RNases, and restriction endonucleases (which all break the phosphodiester backbone of DNA or RNA), as well as numerous less-well-characterized small-molecule phosphodiesterases.

The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization, duration, and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains. PDEs are therefore important regulators of signal transduction mediated by these second messenger molecules.
Bernd Schmitt
Bernd Herbert Schmitt is an American marketing researcher. He is the Robert D. Calkins Professor of International Business at Columbia Business School in New York City. Schmitt works in the fields of brand management and customer experience.

Customer experience
Customer experience (CX) refers to the cognitive, emotional, sensory, and behavioral responses of a customer during all stages of interaction with a product or service, including pre-purchase, consumption, and post-purchase.

Different dimensions of customer experience include senses, emotions, feelings, perceptions, cognitive evaluations, involvement, memories, as well as spiritual components, and behavioral intentions. The pre-consumption anticipation experience can be described as the amount of pleasure or displeasure received from savoring future events, while the remembered experience is related to a recollection of memories about previous events and experiences of a product or service.
Pacifique (band)
Pacifique was a French group founded in 1988.

It is a trio composed of two brothers, Christophe and Stéphane Després (musicians), and Cathy Nozeran née Lajous (singer). After their unsuccessful single "Sur les ailes des alizés" in 1988, they had their moment of glory with hits such as "Quand tu serres mon corps" and "Sans un remords", respectively #4 in November 1989 (Gold disc), and #15 in August 1990, on the French SNEP Singles Chart (Top 50). Another song, "Another Love in L.A.", ranked #40 in the end of 1990.

Their two albums California, released in 1991, and Anges ou Démons in 1994, have not been successful.

Most of their songs deals with love and sex themes.

Trio (music)
In music, a trio (from the Italian) is any of the following:

a composition for three performers or three musical parts

in larger works, the middle section of a ternary form (so named because of the 17th-century practice of scoring the contrasting second or middle dance appearing between two statements of a principal dance for three instruments)

an ensemble of three instruments or voices performing trio compositions.
Wang Gong
Wang Gong (Chinese: 王珙) (d. 899) was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who controlled Baoyi Circuit (保義, headquartered in modern Sanmenxia, Henan) from 887, when he succeeded his father Wang Chongying, to his death in 899.

Sanmenxia
Sanmenxia (simplified Chinese: 三门峡; traditional Chinese: 三門峽; pinyin: Sānménxiá; postal: Sanmenhsia) is a prefecture-level city in the west of Henan Province, China. The westernmost prefecture-level city in Henan, Sanmenxia borders Luoyang to the east, Nanyang to the southeast, Shaanxi Province to the west and Shanxi Province to the north. The city lies on the south side of the Yellow River at the point where the river cuts through the Loess Plateau on its way to the North China Plain.

As of the 2020 census, it was home to 2,034,872 inhabitants of which 820,300 lived in the built-up area made of Hubin, Shanzhou urban districts and Pinglu County in neighboring Shanxi (205,080 inhabitants), now within the agglomeration.
Mülheim (Ruhr) West station
Mülheim (Ruhr) West station is located in the German city of Mülheim in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is on the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg line and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

The station was opened 1 March 1862 by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company and was called Mülheim (BM) station until 1892, when it was renamed Mülheim (Ruhr). Although it was larger than the station now known as Mülheim (Ruhr) Hauptbahnhof, it was not accepted as the town's main station, because it was too far from its central area. On 26 May 1974, it was renamed to its current name.

It is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S 3 every 30 minutes, tram line 112 (every 10 minutes) operated by Stadtwerke Oberhausen and Ruhrbahn, and bus line 130 (every 20 minutes) operated by Ruhrbahn. The former tram line 110 was replaced by bus 128 on 4 October 2015.

Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg railway
The Witten/Dortmund, Oberhausen/Duisburg railway is one of the most important railways in Germany. It is the main axis of long distance and regional rail transport on the east–west axis of the Ruhr and is served by Intercity-Express, InterCity, Regional-Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains.

Strictly speaking, the line today consists of two parallel two-track lines, one for mainline trains and the other for S-Bahn trains. On several sections of the line the long-distance tracks and S-Bahn tracks follow separate routes. The long-distance tracks follows the historical route built between 1860 and 1862 by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company as an extension of its trunk line between Elberfeld and Dortmund.
1999 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1999 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1999 to elect the Governor of Mississippi.  Incumbent Governor Kirk Fordice, a member of the Republican Party who had been first elected in 1991, was ineligible to run for reelection due to term limits.

In the general election, Democrat Lieutenant Governor Ronnie Musgrove won a plurality of the vote over Republican Congressman Mike Parker. Per the Mississippi Constitution, since no candidate had received a majority of the vote, the election was decided by the Mississippi House of Representatives in a contingent election. On January 4, 2000, the House voted 86–36, which was nearly along partisan lines, to elect Musgrove governor. As of 2025, this remains the last time a Democrat was elected Governor of Mississippi.

Governor of Mississippi
The governor of Mississippi is the head of government of Mississippi and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Mississippi Legislature, to convene the legislature at any time, and, except in cases of treason or impeachment, to grant pardons and reprieves.
Sarveswara Satakam
Sarveswara Satakam (Telugu: సర్వేశ్వర శతకము) is Shaiva Bhakti Satakam, a collection of Telugu poems written by Yathavakkula Annamayya. He dedicated it to Lord Mallikarjuna of Srisailam.

It was written in 1242 in Dudikonda village in praise of Someshwara, a name of Shiva. It consists of 139 poems ending with Sarveswara.

Srisailam
Srisailam is a census town in Nandyal district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal  headquarters of Srisailam mandal in Atmakur revenue division. It is located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the district headquarters Nandyal, 180 kilometres (112 mi) from Kurnool,198 kilometres (123 mi) from Nalgonda, 231 kilometres (144 mi) from Hyderabad and 264 kilometres (164 mi) from Vijayawada. The town is famous for the Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga Temple and is one of the holy pilgrimage sites for the Shaivism and Shaktism sects of Hinduism. The town is classified as both a Jyotirlinga and a Shakta pitha.

As of 2001 census of India, Srisailam had a population of 23,257. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Srisailam Project (RFC) Township has an average literacy rate of 75.62% higher than the state average of 67.02%. Male literacy is around 85.68% while female literacy rate is 63.24%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Shinee videography
South Korean boy band Shinee have released 56 music videos and 14 video albums, and have additionally appeared in a number of films and television shows. They debuted in 2008 with the release of their first single, "Replay", and its accompanying music video. Since then, they have released music videos for numerous songs, including "Ring Ding Dong" (2009), "Lucifer" (2010), "Sherlock (Clue + Note)" (2012), "Everybody" (2013) and "View" (2015). In 2012, they released a video album showcasing their first concert in Japan, Shinee the 1st Concert in Japan "Shinee World", which ranked number two on the weekly Oricon DVD Chart. They have continued to release video albums for many of their subsequent concert tours. Shinee have appeared in the documentary films I Am (2012) and SM Town: The Stage (2015), and released the concert film My Shinee World in 2023. They have also starred in a number of reality shows, beginning with Shinee's Yunhanam in 2008.

Replay (Shinee song)
"Replay" (Korean: 누난 너무 예뻐; RR: Nunan neomu yeppeo; lit. Noona, You're So Pretty) is the debut single by South Korean boy band Shinee, recorded for the extended play of the same name. It was released on May 22, 2008, through SM Entertainment. A Japanese version of the song was later released on June 22, 2011, through EMI Music Japan.
History of the Church of the Nazarene
The history of the Church of the Nazarene has been divided into seven overlapping periods by the staff of the Nazarene archives in Lenexa, Kansas: (1) Parent Denominations (1887–1907); (2) Consolidation (1896–1915); (3)  Search for Solid Foundations (1911–1928); (4) Persistence Amid Adversity (1928–1945); (5) Mid-Century Crusade for Souls (1945–1960); (6) Toward the Post-War Evangelical Mainstream (1960–1980); and (7) Internationalization (1976-2003).

Lenexa, Kansas
Lenexa /lɪˈnɛksə/ is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States, and part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 57,434. making it the ninth-most populated city in Kansas.  It is bordered by the cities of Shawnee to the north, Overland Park to the east, De Soto to the west, and Olathe to the south.
Jesse Juarez
Jesse Juarez (born May 8, 1981) is an American former mixed martial artist. A professional competitor since 2006, Juarez has also formerly competed for Absolute Championship Berkut, Strikeforce, Bellator MMA, Maximum Fighting Championship, and Shark Fights. He holds a win at Welterweight over former UFC Middleweight champion Robert Whittaker.

Absolute Championship Akhmat
Absolute Championship Akhmat (ACA), formerly known as Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB), is a Russian mixed martial arts, kickboxing, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu organization and one of the leading promotions in Europe. To date, most events have been hosted in Grozny, Chechnya. ACA has also held events in other Russian cities, as well as in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Edgar García (bullfighter)
Edgar García (1 January 1960 – 21 November 2020) more commonly known as El Dandy, was a Colombian bullfighter.

Born in Zarzal, Colombia, he took the alternative on 22 January 1995 in the bullring of Manizales, Colombia being godfather José Antonio Campuzano and witness Tomás Campuzano. He confirmed the alternative on 29 December 2002 in Plaza de Toros México from the hands of Mexican bullfighter Mariano Ramos as godfather and Jorge Mora as his witness.

He also dedicated himself to calling festivals so that marginalized young people could participate alongside him so that they could show their bullfighting arts.

During COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia, he was in his wild cattle ranching in the Colombian city of Cartago when he began to have symptoms of COVID-19, being admitted to the Pereira hospital where he was intubated after testing positive. He died from the disease on 21 November 2020, at the age of 60.

Manizales
Manizales (Spanish pronunciation: [maniˈsales])  is a city in central Colombia. It is the capital of the Department of Caldas, and lies near the Nevado del Ruiz volcano.

Currently, the city is the main center for the production of Colombian coffee and an important hub for higher educational institutions.
Shaktinagar Terminal–Tanakpur Express
The 15075 / 15076 Shaktinagar Terminal-Tanakpur Triveni Express is an Express train belonging to North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Shaktinagar Terminal and Tanakpur in India. It is currently being operated with 15075/15076 train numbers on a four-day-a-week basis.

The name Triveni signifies the Triveni Sangam or the meeting pointing of three riv:eof the Ganges, the Yam,una and the Saraswati at Prayag in Prayag,raj which is a station on the train's route.

Prayagraj Junction railway station
Prayagraj Junction (station code: PRYJ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad Junction, is a major junction and railway station on the Howrah-Gaya-Delhi line,Howrah–Delhi main line, Prayagraj–Mau–Gorakhpur main line and Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line. It is the headquarters of the North Central Railway zone. It is located in Prayagraj in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves Prayagraj and the surrounding areas.
Angstrom Gallery
Angstrom Gallery is an art gallery in Dallas, Texas and Los Angeles, California.

Founded by American art dealer David Quadrini, the gallery opened its doors in 1998 in Dallas and later in Los Angeles in the summer of 2002. Angstrom Gallery focuses on cutting edge exhibitions with artists including Mark Flood, Jeff Elrod, Phyllida Barlow, Brian Bress, Tim Bavington, Ryan Trecartin, Inka Essenhigh, Steven Hull, and Scott Reeder.

Angstrom Gallery is known for closely collaborating with institutions and museums including the Nasher Sculpture Center, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Dallas Museum of Art, and Dallas Contemporary.

Contemporary art gallery
A contemporary art gallery is normally a commercial art gallery operated by an art dealer which specializes in displaying for sale contemporary art, usually new works of art by living artists. This approach has been called the "Castelli Method" after Leo Castelli, whose success was attributed to his active involvement in discovering and promoting emerging artists beginning in the late 1950s with Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg.
George John Vulliamy
George John Vulliamy (19 May 1817 – 1886) was a British architect who designed some buildings in Victoria Street London, several fire-brigade stations, the pedestal and sphinxes for Cleopatra's Needle on the Thames Embankment, and the sturgeon lamp posts (colloquially "dolphin lamp posts") that line the embankment.

Thames Embankment
The Thames Embankment is an embankment that was built as part of the London Main Drainage (1859-1875) by the Metropolitan Board of Works, a pioneering Victorian civil engineering project which housed interceptor sewers, which collect the water from many sewer lines, as well as roads and underground railways, and also embanked the River Thames. Embankment is a form of land reclamation, and the project consisted of the Victoria Embankment and Chelsea Embankment on the north side and the Albert Embankment on the south. Designed by the Chief Engineer Joseph Bazalgette, it modernised London's infrastructure, improving public health, mobility, and the image of the British capital.
Opel Tech 1
The Opel Tech 1 Concept was a research vehicle and concept car developed by Opel, which was a subsidiary of General Motors at the time. It was exhibited at the 1981 International Motor Show Germany (IAA) in Frankfurt. The car was based on the fourth-generation Opel Kadett D and used the platform, which was called the T Car. The vehicle was designed by Erhard Schnell and foreshadowed some of the design aspects found on production Opel/Vauxhall cars released throughout the 1980s.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
United States v. Seale
United States v. Seale is a federal criminal case in the United States, in which Ku Klux Klan member James Ford Seale was prosecuted and convicted for his role in the racially motivated murders in 1964 of two black teens.

The case was procedurally unusual in that it was initiated in 2007, and it was unclear whether the statute of limitations had expired due to revision of the governing criminal statute in the interim. The trial court ruled against Seale on the issue, which was affirmed by an evenly divided appellate court. The appellate court then took the highly unusual step of seeking certification of the legal question to the Supreme Court of the United States, seeking guidance on whether the revisions retroactively changed the applicable limitations period. The Supreme Court dismissed the certification without comment.

Certified question
In the law of the United States, a certified question is a formal request from one court to another court, usually but not always in another jurisdiction, for an opinion on a question of law.

These cases typically arise when the court before which litigation is actually pending is required to decide a matter that turns on the law of another state or jurisdiction.  If that other jurisdiction's law is unclear or uncertain, a certified question can then be sent to that jurisdiction's courts to render an opinion on the question of law that arose in the court in which the actual litigation is pending.  The courts to whom these questions of law are certified are typically appellate courts or state supreme courts.
Chajjwal
Chajjwal is a small village located on Satayana Road in Faisalabad District, of central Punjab, Pakistan. The village is 30 km from Faisalabad and 15 km from Tandlianwala. Chajjwal has a population of around 5,000 people.

Tandlianwala
Tandlianwala (Urdu: تاندلیانوالہ) is a town in Punjab, Pakistan and the headquarters of Tandlianwala Tehsil. It is named after a medicinal plant called "Tandla"(digera arvensis) which was abundant near this town. It is located 40 km from the city of Faisalabad and 45 km from Okara. It is a sub-division of Faisalabad District and has a Tehsil municipal administration (TMA).
Étienne Légaré
Étienne "The Rock" Légaré (born March 15, 1984, in Saint-Raymond, Quebec) is a retired professional Canadian football defensive tackle. He was drafted by the Toronto Argonauts in the first round of the 2009 CFL draft. He played CIS football for the Laval Rouge et Or. He was a two time Vanier Cup champion with Laval.

Laval Rouge et Or
The Laval Rouge et Or (French: Rouge-et-Or de Laval; French: [ʁuʒ e ɔʁ], Red and Gold) are the athletic teams that represent Université Laval, located in Quebec City, Quebec. Home games are all held in the PEPS indoor and outdoor sports facilities.