hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Growth Research Unit
The Growth Research Unit (GRU) is a non-for-profit association headquartered in the international programmes office, at the Cracow University of Economics in Poland. The association operates as a multi-disciplinary platform, encouraging discussion and research into the strategic determinants of economic growth in respect of the former socialist countries of CE Europe and SE Asia. These goals are achieved through an annual conference meeting at which members contribute to round table discussion sessions and present research papers prior to release for publication.

Meeting
A meeting is when two or more people come together to discuss one or more topics, often in a formal or business setting, but meetings also occur in a variety of other environments. Meetings can be used as form of group decision-making and as a setting for sharing of information or intelligence.
Rose
A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa (/ˈroʊzə/), in the family Rosaceae (/roʊˈzeɪsiːˌiː/), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Their flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through pinks, reds, oranges and yellows. Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and Northwest Africa. Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant. Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses to climbers that can reach seven meters in height. Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.

Fruit preserves
Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread.

There are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by the method of preparation, type of fruit used, and its place in a meal. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "vegetable fruits" such as tomato, squash or zucchini, are eaten alongside savory foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries.
Glenn Ryle
Glenn Ryle Schnitker (1927–1993) was an American television personality based in Cincinnati, Ohio.  He is best remembered by Cincinnatians for hosting the Skipper Ryle Show for seventeen years on WKRC Television.

WCPO-TV
WCPO-TV (channel 9) is a television station in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is the flagship television property of locally based E. W. Scripps Company, which has owned the station since its inception. WCPO-TV's studios are located in the Mount Adams neighborhood of Cincinnati next to the Elsinore Arch, and its transmitter is located at the site of the station's original studios on Symmes Street, in the Walnut Hills section of the city.
Scott Malcomson
Scott L. Malcomson (born 1961) is an author, former reporter, former U.S. government official, research fellow, and consultant in the United States. He was a foreign editor for the New York Times Magazine from 2004 until 2011 and has written for publications including Foreign Affairs, The New York Times,  The New Yorker, The Guardian, and The World Post. He has worked for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and was a senior official at the United Nations and U.S. State Department. Malcomson was a fellow in New America's International Security program and at the Carnegie Corporation of New York. He reported and writes about issues such as globalism based on his experiences and work on six continents.

New America (organization)
New America, formerly the New America Foundation, is an American liberal think tank founded in 1999. It focuses on a range of public policy issues, including national security, technology, health, gender, energy, education, and the economy. The organization is based in Washington, D.C., and Oakland, California. Anne-Marie Slaughter is the think tank's chief executive officer.
Youssef El Kachati
Youssef El Kachati (Arabic: يوسف الكشاطي, romanized: Yūsuf al-Kashāṭī; born 30 November 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward or winger for Eredivisie club NEC. Born in the Netherlands, he has represented Morocco internationally.

SC Telstar
Sportclub Telstar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈspɔrtklʏp ˈtɛlstɑr]), commonly known simply as Telstar, is a Dutch professional football club based in Velsen-Zuid, North Holland. Nicknamed the Witte Leeuwen ("White Lions") for their all‑white home strip, the team competes in the Eredivisie, the highest tier of the Dutch football league system, having secured promotion via the 2024–25 play‑offs—their first top‑flight appearance since 1978.

Founded on 17 July 1963 through the merger of the professional sections of local rivals VSV and Stormvogels, the new club was named after the recently launched communications satellite Telstar 1. Telstar play their home matches at Sportpark Schoonenberg, branded the BUKO Stadion for sponsorship purposes, a compact all‑seater ground that has a capacity of 6,000. Since formation the team have taken to the field to the Tornados' instrumental "Telstar", a tradition that underlines their link with the satellite and remains a distinctive feature of match days.
Jiangya Dam
The Jiangya Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Loushui River, located 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province, China. The primary purpose of the multi-purpose dam is flood control but it also generates hydroelectricity, supplies water for irrigation and municipal use and improves navigation.

Zhangjiajie
Zhangjiajie (simplified Chinese: 张家界; traditional Chinese: 張家界; pinyin: Zhāngjiājiè; Tujia: Zanxjiaxgaif /tsán tɕá kǎi/) is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Hunan Province, China. It comprises the district of Yongding, Wulingyuan and counties of Cili and Sangzhi. It contains the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, part of the Wulingyuan Scenic Area which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.
Zach Zarba
Zachary Zarba (born April 28, 1975) is an American professional basketball referee in the National Basketball Association. He wore uniform number 58 until the 2012–2013 season, when he changed to 28, and currently wears uniform number 15. Zach has officiated 1,182 regular-season games in 19 seasons as an NBA staff official, beginning in 2004. He has also refereed 133 playoff games, including 11 NBA Finals games. Other assignments have included the 2016 NBA All-Star Game in Toronto.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
Chir (river)
The Chir (Russian: Чир) is a river in Rostov and Volgograd oblasts of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Don, and is 317 kilometres (197 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 9,580 square kilometres (3,700 sq mi).

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Jarosz
Jarosz is a Polish surname of several possible origins: from the adjective 'jary' with several meanings, from the  word jarosz for 'vegetarian', as well as a diminutive from a number of Slavic names starting with the stem Jar-: Jarogniew, Jaromir, Jarosław. Variants: Jerosz, Jirosz - photetic variants, Jarosch - under the influence of German orthography.
Notable people with the surname include:

Elżbieta Jarosz (born 1971), Polish long-distance runner

Hieronim Jarosz Sieniawski (c. 1516–1579), Polish noble

Jakub Jarosz (born 1987), Polish volleyball player

Łukasz Jarosz (born 1979), Polish kickboxer

Maciej Jarosz (born 1959), Polish volleyball player

Sarah Jarosz (born 1991), American singer

Teddy Yarosz, earlier Jarosz (1910–1974), American boxer

Jarosław
Jarosław (Polish: [jaˈrɔswaf] ⓘ; Ukrainian: Ярослав, romanized: Yaroslav, IPA: [jɐroˈslɑu̯]; Yiddish: יאַרעסלאָוו, romanized: Yareslov; German: Jaroslau) is a town in southeastern Poland, situated on the San River. The town had 35,475 inhabitants in 2023. It is the capital of Jarosław County in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.
1909 Bulloo state by-election
The 1909 Bulloo state by-election was a by-election held on 27 March 1909 for the Queensland Legislative Assembly seat of Bulloo, based in the remote south western part of the state.

The by-election was triggered by the death of Ministerial member John Leahy on 20 January 1909. Leahy had held the seat since 1893, five years after its creation. He was a minister in the First Philp Ministry from 1901 until 1903, and at the time of his death was the Legislative Assembly.

The seat included the towns of Thargomindah, Birdsville, Eromanga, Eulo, Hungerford and Windorah.

Eulo, Queensland
Eulo (/juːloʊ/ YOU-low) is an outback town and locality in the Shire of Paroo, Queensland, Australia. It is known for its opal mining. In the 2021 census, the locality of Eulo had a population of 94 people.
Betws-y-Coed railway station
Betws-y-coed  railway station is on the Conwy Valley Line, which runs between Llandudno and Blaenau Ffestiniog. It is situated 15+1⁄2 miles (24.9 km) south of Llandudno Junction.

The passenger train service is operated by Transport for Wales Rail and is marketed as the Conwy Valley Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Dyffryn Conwy).

The railway station is also an important bus interchange. It is used by the Snowdonia National Park Sherpa bus services to Capel Curig, Pen-y-Gwryd, Pen-y-Pass, Beddgelert, Porthmadog, Tryfan and Bethesda. Other connecting bus services operate to Penmachno, Corwen, Llangollen, Llanrwst, Trefriw, Dolgarrog, Conwy and Llandudno. The local bus timetables advertise the train services and the Gwynedd Red Rover day ticket is valid on Conwy Valley trains as well as the Sherpa and Conwy Valley bus services.  There is also a coach park at the station, which is used extensively by tourist coach operators.

Capel Curig
Capel Curig (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkɑːpɛl ˈkɨːrɪɡ]; meaning "Curig's Chapel") is a village and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it lies in the heart of Snowdonia, on the River Llugwy, and has a population of 226, reducing slightly to 206 at the 2011 census.  It lies at the junction of the A5 road from Bangor and Bethesda to Betws-y-Coed with the A4086 road from Caernarfon, Llanberis, Pen-y-Pass and Pen-y-Gwryd. It is surrounded by hills and mountains, including Moel Siabod and Pen Llithrig y Wrach.
Intelligence Support Battalion
The Intelligence Support Battalion (ISB) is the battalion in the United States Marine Corps which provides military intelligence for the Marine Forces Reserve. It is part of the Force Headquarters Group. They have detachments located throughout the United States and Marines from this unit have deployed all over the world in numerous billets supporting the war on terror.

United States Marine Corps Reserve
The Marine Forces Reserve (MARFORRES or MFR), also known as the United States Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR) and the U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve, is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. The Marine Corps Reserve is an expeditionary, warfighting organization and primarily designed to augment and reinforce the active duty units of the Marine Corps in their expeditionary role. It is the largest command, by assigned personnel, in the U.S. Marine Corps.

Marines in the Reserve go through the same training and work in the same Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) as their active-duty counterparts. The United States Marine Corps Reserve was established when Congress passed the Naval Appropriations Act of 29 August 1916, and is responsible for providing trained units and qualified individuals to be mobilized for active duty in time of war, national emergency, or contingency operations.
Lloyd Langlois
Lloyd Langlois (born November 11, 1962) is a Canadian freestyle skier and Olympic medalist. He received a bronze medal at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, in aerials.

He finished third in the aerials (demonstration event) at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.

Langlois has been inducted into the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
The Voice (Jay Perez album)
The Voice is the third studio album by American Tejano music singer Jay Perez. The album peaked at number seven on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart. It garnered Perez a nomination for Album of the Year (Orchestra) at the 1996 Tejano Music Awards. Perez recorded "Let's Get it On", originally recorded by Marvin Gaye.

Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Orchestra
The Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Group (formerly the Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Orchestra from 1981 to 1997) was an honor presented to albums by Tejano music groups/bands.
Serruria flava
Serruria flava, the Wupperthal spiderhead, is a flowering shrub that belongs to the genus Serruria and forms part of the fynbos. The plant, which is critically endangered, is endemic to the Western Cape and in the northern Cederberg near Wupperthal. The shrub blooms from August to October.

Wupperthal
Wupperthal (sometimes also spelt Wuppertal) is a small town in the Cederberg mountains in the Western Cape province of South Africa.  It was founded in 1830 by two German missionaries of the Rhenish Missionary Society (Rheinische Mission), Theobald von Wurmb and Johann Gottlieb Leipoldt, grandfather of C. Louis Leipoldt – some 100 years before the city of Wuppertal was formally established in Germany. In 1965, after the Rhenish Mission had gradually scaled down their activities in Southern Africa over a period of 40 years, a decision was taken that Wupperthal in future should become part of the Moravian Church, which by that stage had already made the transition from a mission to an autonomous church in South Africa.  The town remains a Moravian mission station to this day.
Rivka Weinberg
Rivka Weinberg is an American philosopher. She is a professor of philosophy at Scripps College. She specializes in bioethics, the ethics of procreation, and the metaphysics of birth, death, and existence.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
Cuckoo, Virginia
Cuckoo is a small unincorporated community in Louisa County, Virginia, United States. It is located about eight miles southeast of Louisa, roughly between Charlottesville and Richmond. The Cuckoo Tavern stood nearby, which in 1781 was the beginning of Jack Jouett's ride to warn the Colonists of the arrival of Banastre Tarleton's British cavalry (similar to Paul Revere's Ride). There was also a large house named Cuckoo built in 1819 for Henry Pendleton on the former property of William Overton Callis. A historical marker is at the spot. Its post office  has been closed.

The tavern was named for the cuckoo clock on the wall, supposedly one of the first in Virginia.

Shirley Ann Jackson, American nuclear physicist and President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, has familial ties to Cuckoo.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (/rɛnsəˈlɪər/ ren-sə-LEER; RPI) is a private research university in Troy, New York, United States. It is the oldest technological university in the English-speaking world and the Western Hemisphere. It was established in 1824 by Stephen Van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton for the "application of science to the common purposes of life".

Built on a hillside, RPI's 265-acre (107 ha) campus overlooks the city of Troy and the Hudson River. The institute operates an on‑campus business incubator and the 1,250-acre (510 ha) Rensselaer Technology Park.

RPI is organized into six main schools which contain 37 departments, with emphasis on science and technology. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities: Very High Research Activity".
1996 World Rowing Championships
The 1996 World Rowing Championships were World Rowing Championships that were held on 11 August 1996 in conjunction with the World Junior Rowing Championships in Motherwell, Strathclyde, Scotland, United Kingdom. The event took place at Strathclyde Country Park. Since 1996 was an Olympic year for rowing, the World Championships did not include Olympic events scheduled for the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Rowing at the Summer Olympics
Rowing has been part of the Summer Olympics since its debut in the 1900 Games. Rowing was on the program at the 1896 Summer Olympics but was cancelled due to bad weather. Only men were allowed to compete until the women's events were introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal which gave national federations the incentive to support women's events and catalysed growth in women's rowing. Lightweight rowing events (which have weight-limited crews) were introduced to the games in 1996. 
Qualifying for the rowing events is under the jurisdiction of the World Rowing Federation.  World Rowing predates the modern Olympics and was the first international sport federation to join the modern Olympic movement.
Red River Fault
The Red River Fault or  Song Hong Fault (Vietnamese: Đới Đứt Gãy Sông Hồng) is a major fault in Yunnan, China and Vietnam which accommodates continental China's (Yangtze plate) southward movement. It is coupled with that of the Sagaing Fault in Burma, which accommodates the Indian plate's northward movement, with the land (Indochina) in between faulted and twisted clockwise. It was responsible for the 1970 Tonghai earthquake.

It is named after the Red River which runs through the valley eroded along the fault trace.

The Red River Fault was a sinistral strike-slip shear zone until Miocene times when it became reactivated as a brittle dextral strike-slip fault.

Strike-slip tectonics
Strike-slip tectonics or wrench tectonics is a type of tectonics that is dominated by lateral (horizontal) movements within the Earth's crust (and lithosphere). Where a zone of strike-slip tectonics forms the boundary between two tectonic plates, this is known as a transform or conservative plate boundary. Areas of strike-slip tectonics are characterised by particular deformation styles including: stepovers, Riedel shears, flower structures and strike-slip duplexes.  Where the displacement along a zone of strike-slip deviates from parallelism with the zone itself, the style becomes either transpressional or transtensional depending on the sense of deviation. Strike-slip tectonics is characteristic of several geological environments, including oceanic and continental transform faults, zones of oblique collision and the deforming foreland of zones of continental collision.
Vincenzo Aita
Vincenzo Aita (born September 14, 1948, in Eboli) is an Italian politician and a member of the European Parliament with the Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, part of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left. He sits on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and is a substitute on the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development.

From 1972 to 1976, Aita was a member of the Salerno Provincial Committee of the Alleanza Contadini Party. From 1976 to 1980 he was a member of the Central Committee of the Italian Communist Party, and he was a member of the Central Committee of the Italian Communist Party from 1975 to 1983. From 1983 to 1996, he was a municipal councillor for Eboli. He was a Deputy Mayor of Eboli with responsibility for finance from 1987 to 1988. From 1980 to 1985, he was a member of the Campania Regional Council. Most recently, from June 2000 until September 2004, he was a member of the Campania Regional Executive with responsibility for agriculture.

Communist Refoundation Party
The Communist Refoundation Party (Italian: Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, abbr. PRC) is a communist political party in Italy that emerged from a split of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1991. The party's secretary is Maurizio Acerbo, who replaced Paolo Ferrero in 2017. Armando Cossutta was the party's founder, while Fausto Bertinotti its longest-serving leader (1994–2008). The latter transformed the PRC from a traditional communist party into a collection of radical social movements.

The PRC is a member of the Party of the European Left (PEL), of which Bertinotti was the inaugural president in 2004. The PRC has not been represented in the Italian Parliament since 2008, but had a member of the European Parliament, Eleonora Forenza, who sat with the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in 2014–2019.
Ralph Lowell
Major Ralph Lowell (July 23, 1890 – May 15, 1978) was a World War I veteran, banker, and philanthropist from Boston.

Lowell was born in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, to John and Mary Emlen Lowell (Lowell 1899, p 302). Lowell graduated from Harvard College in 1912. He married Charlotte Loring (1897–1981) on September 1, 1917.

Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
Chestnut Hill is a village located six miles (10 km) west of downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is best known for being home to Boston College and a section of the Boston Marathon route. Like all Massachusetts villages, Chestnut Hill is not an incorporated municipal entity. It is located partially in Brookline in Norfolk County, partially in the city of Boston in Suffolk County, and partially in the city of Newton in Middlesex County. Chestnut Hill's borders are defined by the 02467 ZIP Code. The name refers to several small hills that overlook the 135-acre (546,000 m2) Chestnut Hill Reservoir rather than one particular hill.