hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaffer tape
Gaffer tape (also known as gaffer's tape, gaff tape or gaffa tape as well as spike tape for narrow, colored gaffer tape) is a heavy cotton cloth pressure-sensitive tape with strong adhesive and tensile properties. It is widely used in theatre, photography, film, radio and television production, and industrial staging work.

While sometimes confused with duct tape, gaffer tape differs in the composition of both the backing, which is made from fabric as opposed to vinyl or other plastics, and the adhesive, which is more resistant to heat and more easily removed without damaging the surface to which it adhered.

Paint sheen
Sheen is a measure of the reflected light (glossiness) from a paint finish. Glossy and flat (or matte) are typical extreme levels of glossiness of a finish. Gloss paint is shiny and reflects most light in the specular (mirror-like) direction, while on flat paints most of the light diffuses in a range of angles. The gloss level of paint can also affect its apparent colour.

Between those extremes, there are a number of intermediate gloss levels. Their common names, from the most dull to the most shiny, include matte, eggshell, satin, silk, semi-gloss and high gloss. These terms are not standardized, and not all manufacturers use all these terms.
Battle of Hemmingstedt
The Battle of Hemmingstedt took place on 17 February 1500 south of the village of Hemmingstedt, near the present village of Epenwöhrden, in the western part of present-day Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was an attempt by King John of Denmark and his brother Duke Frederick, who were co-dukes of Schleswig and Holstein, to subdue the peasantry of Dithmarschen, who had established a peasants' republic on the coast of the North Sea. John was at the time also king of the Kalmar Union.

Kalmar Union
The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by Queen Margaret of Denmark. From 1397 to 1523, it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including much of present-day Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's maritime colonies (then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland).

The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. Legally, the countries remained separate sovereign states, but their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. Gustav Vasa's election as King of Sweden on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm 11 days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union. The Danish king formally renounced his claim to Sweden in 1524 at the Treaty of Malmö.
Buckwheat Boyz
The Buckwheat Boyz were an American novelty bass music group from Miami, Florida that were signed to Koch Records, and released one single, "Peanut Butter & Jelly", in 2001.

"Peanut Butter & Jelly", produced by Chip-Man, became a popular internet meme after an animated music video featuring a dancing banana garnered attention online. The popularity of the meme gained such traction that it was referenced in Family Guy and the song itself featured in an episode of The Proud Family.

Bass music
Bass music is any of several genres of electronic dance music and hip hop music arising from the 1980s on, focusing on a prominent bass drum and/or bassline sound. As one source notes, there are "many different types of bass music to fall into, each putting a different spin on one of music's loudest elements". Typically, the bass sound is created using synthesizers and drum machines such as the influential Roland TR-808.

Electronic dance music genres of this type may include:

Bass house

Bassline

Drum and bass

Dubstep

EDM trap

Footwork

Future bass

Glitch hop

Gqom

Midtempo bass

Moombahton

Nu skool breaks

UK bass

UK garage

Wave

Wonky

Hip hop genres of this type may include:

Miami bass
Baty's Marsh
Baty's Marsh is a  10.4-hectare (26-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Rochester in Kent. It is owned and managed by  Medway Council.

This is one of the few remaining salt marshes in the Medway area, and it has a rich fauna, especially wading birds.

There is access from Manor Lane.

Medway Council
Medway Council is the local authority of Medway, a local government district in the ceremonial county of Kent, England. The council is a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council; it is independent from Kent County Council. The council was created on 1 April 1998 and replaced Rochester-upon-Medway City Council and Gillingham Borough Council.

The council has been under no overall control since by-elections in February 2025, being run by a minority Labour administration. It meets at the St George's Centre in the Chatham Maritime area of the borough and has its main offices at Gun Wharf in Chatham.
San Diego State University Press
San Diego State University Press (or SDSU Press) is a university press that is part of San Diego State University (SDSU), with noted specializations in border studies, critical theory, Latin American studies, cultural studies, and comics. It is the oldest university press in the California State University system.

It presently publishes books under two rubrics: CODEX, focused on critical theory, and surTEXT, focused on Latin American/Transamerican Cultural Studies. In 2006, the press also inaugurated "Hyperbole Books", specializing in "publishing cutting-edge, over-the-top experiments in critical theory, literary criticism and graphic narrative."

SDSU Press is currently directed by William Nericcio, and guided by an internal editorial board.

Latin American studies
Latin American studies (LAS) is an academic and research field associated with the study of Latin America. The interdisciplinary study is a subfield of area studies, and can be composed of numerous disciplines such as economics, sociology, history, international relations, political science, geography, cultural studies, gender studies, and literature.
Hare Valley, Virginia
Hare Valley is an unincorporated community in Northampton County on the Eastern Shore of the U.S. state of Virginia. Monroe Work documented it among African American towns and settlements in his publications.

Eastern Shore of Virginia
The Eastern Shore of Virginia is the easternmost region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It consists of two counties (Accomack and Northampton) on the Atlantic coast. It is detached from the mainland of Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay. The 70-mile-long (110 km) region is part of the Delmarva Peninsula. Its population was 45,695 as of 2020.
Mor Ephrem Syriac Orthodox Church
The Mor Ephrem Syriac Orthodox Church (Turkish: İstanbul Mor Efrem Süryani Kadim Ortodoks Kilisesi, Syriac: ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܩܕ̈ܡܝܐ ܐܪ̈ܬܕܘܟܣܝܐ, romanized: ʿIdto d-Mor ʾAp̄rem d-Suryoye Qamoye ʾOrṯodoksoye) is a Syriac Orthodox church in Yeşilköy on the European part of Istanbul. Opened in 2023, it is the first and only church built in Turkey since the foundation of the Republic. It is dedicated to Ephrem the Syrian.

History of the Republic of Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmed VI by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1922 by the new Republican Parliament in 1923. This new regime delivered the coup de grâce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped away from the world stage following the First World War.
Self (surname)
Self is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Austin Wayne Self (born 1996), American racing driver

Bill Self (born 1962), American college basketball coach at the University of Kansas

David Self (born 1970), American screenwriter

David Self, a colorist for comics such as WildStorm's Red

Deanna Self, American politician

Doris Self (1925–2006), American video game competitor

Jeffery Self (born 1987), American actor, writer, and comedian

Jim Self (1943–2025), American tubist and composer

Keith Self (born 1953), American politician

Michael Self (born 1990), American racing driver

Will Self (born 1961), English novelist

William Edwin Self (1921–2010), American actor and producer

William Lee Self (born 1958), American musician and composer

William Self (organist) (1906–1998), American musician

Austin Wayne Self
Austin Wayne Self (born March 5, 1996) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 22 Ford F-150 for his family team, AM Racing. He has also competed in the ARCA Menards Series, previously driving full-time in it for two years before moving up to the Truck Series, although he has continued to drive in the series part-time, most recently in 2022, where he drove the No. 32 Chevrolet for AM Racing.
2023 Cary Challenger – Doubles
Nathaniel Lammons and Jackson Withrow were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Evan King and Reese Stalder won the title after defeating Miķelis Lībietis and Adam Walton 6–3, 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Miķelis Lībietis
Miķelis Lībietis (born 9 July 1992 in Sigulda) is a Latvian tennis player that competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Men's Circuit. Lībietis has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 352 achieved on 28 November 2016 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 138 achieved on 29 January 2024.

He played NCAA college tennis at the University of Tennessee, graduating with a degree in Sociology – Criminal Justice in May 2015.
Lisle Kinney
Lisle Kinney is a musician from New Zealand.  His full name is David Lisle Kinney. From 1967 onwards he was a semi-professional musician, playing mainly in cabaret bands.  He played bass in the following bands: October while at the University of Auckland (Graham Brazier was also in October); Brown Street, the resident band at the Great Northern Hotel; Hello Sailor and DD Smash.  He had to leave DD Smash after a road accident. After this however, Lisle played bass with Sonny Day in the Coromandel "Better start saving up" tour of '87.

DD Smash
DD Smash was a New Zealand pop/rock band formed in 1980 by Dave Dobbyn after the breakup of Th' Dudes. The band briefly used the name "Dave Dobbyn's Divers" until drummer Peter Warren came up with "DD Smash". Dobbyn says the name "seemed to say everything about what we were into, which was having a jolly good time and blasting out music."
Glen Fruin
Glen Fruin (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Freòin) is a glen in Scotland, adjacent to Loch Lomond. It contains the Fruin Water which flows into the loch, and a road, now the A817 road, known as the Glen Fruin Haul Road, which goes from the A82 up the glen and over the top of the hills to HMNB Clyde at Garelochhead.

The road from Glen Fruin to Loch Long was known as Scottish Gaelic: Rathad Mòr nan Gàidheal, (in English "The High Road of the Gaels/Highlanders").

Glen
A glen is a valley, typically one that is long and bounded by gently sloped concave sides, unlike a ravine, which is deep and bounded by steep slopes. Glens are appreciated by tourists for their tranquility and scenery.
KNEM
KNEM (1240 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary music format. Licensed to Nevada, Missouri, United States, the station is currently owned by Harbit Communications, Inc.

The station is co-owned with KNMO-FM, which broadcasts on 97.5 FM.

On October 3, 2023, KNEM dropped its simulcast with KNMO-FM and changed its format to adult contemporary, branded as "Sunny 99.9".

Nevada, Missouri
Nevada (/nɪˈveɪdə/ niv-AY-də) is a city in and the county seat of Vernon County, Missouri, United States.  The population was 8,212 at the 2020 census. The local government has a council-manager model.
Fatality statistics in the Western Australian mining industry
Fatality statistics in the Western Australian mining industry captures the number of people killed in the industry in the Australian state of Western Australia. During the period 2000-2012 (inclusive), a total of 52 fatalities occurred. In 2006, the Chamber of Minerals and Energy of Western Australia commissioned a taxonomic study to analyse the 306 mining fatalities which occurred between 1970 and 2006. The Department of Mines and Petroleum, later renamed the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, the governing authority for the industry in the state, has published statistics for fatalities in mining dating back to 1943 and intends to publish statistics dating back to 1886, though early records are not expected to be exhaustive.

Gold Fields
Gold Fields Limited (formerly The Gold Fields of South Africa) is one of the world's largest gold mining firms. Headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa, the company is listed on both the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The firm was formed in 1998 with the amalgamation of the gold assets of Gold Fields of South Africa Limited and Gencor Limited. The company traces its roots back to 1887, when Cecil Rhodes founded Gold Fields of South Africa Limited. As of 2019, Gold Fields was the world's eighth-largest producer of gold.

The company owns and operates mines in Australia, Chile, Ghana, Peru and South Africa, with one 50:50 JV project in Canada. Growth efforts are focused mainly on the regions where it currently operates and are mainly driven through brownfields exploration on its existing land positions and through mergers and acquisitions in the same regions.
Irina Kusakina
Irina Kusakina (born June 5, 1965) is a Soviet luger who competed during the late 1980s. She won a bronze in the mixed team event at the 1989 FIL World Luge Championships in Winterberg, West Germany. She also competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Winterberg
Winterberg (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪntɐˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; Westphalian: Winnenmerg) is a town in the Hochsauerland district of North Rhine-Westphalia, central Germany and a major winter sport resort of the Wintersport Arena Sauerland.
Gilham
Gilham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cherri Gilham (born 1944), British comedy actress

George Gilham (1899–1937), American baseball player

Mark Gilham (born 1957), British punk guitarist and songwriter

Stephen Gilham (born 1984), Australian rules football player

Tony Gilham (born 1979), British auto racing driver

William Gilham (1818–1872), American soldier, teacher, chemist, and author

Emma Gilham Page (1854–1932), daughter of William Gilham and wife of William N. Page

Anti-Nowhere League
Anti-Nowhere League are an English punk rock band, formed in 1979 in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent,  by lead singer Animal (Nick Culmer), guitarist Magoo (Chris Exall), Bones (Tony Shaw) on drums and Chris Elvy on bass.
Dubois Museum
The Dubois Museum is a 3,850-square-foot (358 m2) museum preserving and interpreting the history of the Upper Wind River Valley and is located in the town of Dubois, Wyoming on U.S. Route 26 along the Wyoming Centennial Scenic Byway. The museum offers interpretive programs, exhibits, multi-media presentations, and special events.

Tukudeka
The Tukudeka or Mountain Sheepeaters are a band of Shoshone within the Eastern Shoshone and the Northern Shoshone. Before the reservation era, they traditionally lived in the central Sawtooth Range of Idaho and the mountains of what is now northwest Wyoming. Bands were very fluid and nomadic, and they often interacted with and intermarried other bands of Shoshone. Today the Tukudeka are enrolled in the federally recognized Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho and the Eastern Shoshone of the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming.
Javed Nawaz Gandapur
Javed Nawaz Gandapur (February 17, 1943 – 2018) was a Pakistani jurist who served as a justice of the Peshawar High Court. He was one of the only two judges at the Peshawar High Court who declined to take an oath under General Pervez Musharraf's first Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) in 2000.

Provisional Constitutional Order
The Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) is an emergency and extra-constitutional order that suspends either wholly or partially the Constitution of Pakistan — the supreme law of the land.

The PCO acts as a temporary order while the constitution is held in abeyance or suspension. These orders have mostly been enforced during times of martial law imposed by the armed forces of the country against the civilian governments.
Anna Murashige
Anna Murashige (村重 杏奈, Murashige An'na; born July 29, 1998) is a Japanese-Russian media personality, actress, and former singer. She is represented by Twin Planet and came to prominence as a member of the idol groups HKT48 and NMB48.

NMB48
NMB48 (read "N.M.B. Forty-eight") is a Japanese idol group that debuted in 2011 as the second sister group to AKB48, produced by Yasushi Akimoto. NMB48 is named after the Namba district in Osaka city of Osaka Prefecture, where the group is based. The group performs at the NMB48 Theater, which is located in the basement of the Yes-Namba Building in Namba, Osaka. The group has sold over 9 million CDs in Japan.
Girolamo Fracastoro
Girolamo Fracastoro (Latin: Hieronymus Fracastorius; c. 1476/8 – 6 August 1553) was an Italian physician, poet, and scholar in mathematics, geography and astronomy. Fracastoro subscribed to the philosophy of atomism, and rejected appeals to hidden causes in scientific investigation. His studies of the mode of syphilis transmission are an early example of epidemiology.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Tesselaarsdal
Tesselaarsdal (formerly Teslaarsdal) is a dispersed rural settlement in the Theewaterskloof Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa. It is situated on the northern side of the Kleinrivier Mountains, 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the town of Caledon. The 2011 census recorded a population of 1,395 people in 428 households in Tesselaarsdal and on the surrounding farms.

2011 South African census
The South African National Census of 2011 is the 3rd comprehensive census performed by Statistics South Africa.

The 2011 census was the first census to include geo-referencing for every individual dwelling in South Africa.
René Christensen (footballer)
René Sjøgren Christensen (born 21 January 1988) is a Danish former professional football midfielder.

He played two years in the Danish Superliga side AC Horsens, before giving up a professional career and start working and take an education.

Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga (Danish: Superligaen, pronounced [ˈsuˀpɐliːˌkɛˀn̩]) is a professional association football league in Denmark and the highest level of the Danish football league system. The league is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams relegated. It is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Divisionsforeningen.
Alice Hambidge
Alice Marian Hambidge (2 October 1869 – 20 January 1947) was an Australian artist.

Born in Kensington, South Australia on 2 October 1869, Hambidge received art training at the School of Design in Adelaide in 1893. Her sisters Helen and Millicent were also artists.

Her work is included in the collections of the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales and the National Library of Australia.

Hambidge Crescent in the Canberra suburb of Chisholm is named in honour of her and her sisters.

Art Gallery of New South Wales
The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most important public gallery in Sydney and one of the largest in Australia.

The gallery's first public exhibition opened in 1874. Admission is free to the general exhibition space, which displays Australian art (including Indigenous Australian art), European and Asian art. A dedicated Asian Gallery was opened in 2003.
Coelophrys bradburyae
Coelophrys bradburyae is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ogcocephalidae, the deep sea batfishes. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean in deep waters off Japan. This species of batfish is little known and only two specimens have been collected, one in 1995 and the other more recently. Given the paucity of data on this species' biology and distribution the IUCN has assessed its conservation status to be data deficient.

Zoological specimen
A zoological specimen is an animal or part of an animal preserved for scientific use.
Various uses are: to verify the identity of a (species), to allow study, increase public knowledge of zoology.
Zoological specimens are extremely diverse. Examples are bird and mammal study skins, mounted specimens, skeletal material, casts, pinned insects, dried material, animals preserved in liquid preservatives, and microscope slides.
Natural history museums are repositories of zoological specimens
Square-rigged caravel
The square-rigged caravel (Portuguese: caravela redonda), was a sailing ship created by the Portuguese in the second half of the fifteenth century. A much larger version of the caravel, its use was most notorious beginning in the end of that century. The square-rigged caravel held a notable role in the Portuguese expansion during the Age of Discovery, especially in the first half of the sixteenth century, for its exceptional maneuverability and combat capabilities. This ship was also sometimes adopted by other European powers. Its hull resembled the shape of the later galleon and some scholars have claimed that this vessel is a forerunner of the fighting galleon, by the name of caravela de armada.

Ship
A ship  is a large watercraft designed for travel across the surface of a body of water, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized tasks such as warfare, oceanography and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.

The word ship has meant, depending on era and context, either simply a large vessel or specifically a full-rigged ship with three or more masts, each of which is square rigged.

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BC. In 2024, ships had a global cargo capacity of 2.4 billion tons, with the three largest classes being ships carrying dry bulk (43%), oil tankers (28%) and container ships (14%).