hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matsieng
Matsieng is a Setswana traditional music trio formed in 2005 in Gaborone, Botswana. They burst into the scene with their 2005 festive season album, Semakaleng. Known for their explicit lyrics, the trio has toured Botswana, Malaysia and South Africa.

Their latest album, Setswana Sa Borre, has topped charts locally and enjoys airplay in the neighbouring South Africa, driven by their most explicit song, Tinto song. Two of the boys are natives of Gabane and one is from Kanye.

Kanye, Botswana
Kanye is a village in southern Botswana, located 83 kilometres (52 mi) south-west of the capital, Gaborone. It is the administrative centre of the Southern District, and had a population of 48,028 as  of  the  2022  Population and Housing Census. This is an increase compared to the 45,196 of the 2011 census, making it the ninth-largest village in the country. Kanye is the traditional capital of the Ngwaketse tribe, who first settled in the area in the 1790s. The village is the longest continuously-occupied tribal capital in the country.
Toho Studios
Toho Studios Co., Ltd. (Japanese: TOHOスタジオ株式会社, Hepburn: Tōhō Sutajio kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese film studio and production company. A subsidiary of Toho Co., Ltd., it was founded in 1971. One of the most successful films produced by Toho Studio is the kaiju film Godzilla Minus One (2023), which generated more than $100 million at the global box office.

Kabushiki gaisha
A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: 株式会社; pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ⓘ; lit. 'share company') or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK, is a type of company (会社, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as "stock company", "joint-stock company" or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan the term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan.
Battle of Emesa
34°43′N 36°43′E﻿ / ﻿34.72°N 36.71°E﻿ / 34.72; 36.71

The Battle of Emesa was fought in 272 between the Roman armies led by their emperor Aurelian and the Palmyrene forces led by their empress, Zenobia and general Zabdas.

Zabdas
Zabdas was a 3rd-century general (an Egyptian according to ancient sources like Zosimus and Historia Augusta) who led the forces of Empress Zenobia of Palmyra during her rule as regent of her son Vaballathus and her subsequent rebellion against the Roman Emperor under the short-lived independent Palmyrene Empire. He led Palmyra's expeditions in the middle east which included annexing territory spanning from Roman Egypt to Asia Minor.

Following Emperor Aurelian's campaign in the east and the fall of Palmyra, Zabdas, among other notable Palmyrene officials including Cassius Longinus was executed in Emesa after being held on trial by the emperor.
Michigan's 28th Senate district
Michigan's 28th Senate district is one of 38 districts in the Michigan Senate. The 28th district was created by the 1850 Michigan Constitution, as the 1835 constitution only permitted a maximum of eight senate districts. It has been represented by Democratic Sam Singh since 2023, succeeding Republican Mark Huizenga.

Constitution of Michigan
The Constitution of the State of Michigan is the governing document of the U.S. state of Michigan. It describes the structure and function of the state's government.

There have been four constitutions approved by the people of Michigan. The first was approved on October 5 and 6, 1835, written as Michigan was preparing to become a state of the Union, which occurred in January 1837. Subsequent constitutions were ratified in 1850 and 1908. The current constitution was approved by voters in 1963.
1974 Francistown Wenela Air Services Douglas DC-4 crash
The 1974 Francistown Wenela Air Services Douglas DC-4 crash occurred on April 4, 1974. On this day, a Douglas DC-4 operated by Wenela Air Services, conducting an international scheduled flight from Francistown Airport in Botswana to Chileka Airport in Malawi, crashed when it was forced to attempt an emergency landing due to engine failure, resulting in the death of 78 out of 84 people on board. This incident remains the deadliest aviation accident in Botswana and the third deadliest involving a Douglas DC-4.

Chileka International Airport
Chileka International Airport (IATA: BLZ, ICAO: FWCL) is an international airport in Malawi. It is located approximately 13 km (7 nmi; 8 mi), by road, northwest of Blantyre, the second largest city in the Republic of Malawi and the country's commercial and financial capital. Chileka is Malawi's second international airport, the other being Kamuzu International Airport, in Lilongwe, the nation's capital city.
Ramification (mathematics)
In geometry, ramification is 'branching out', in the way that the square root function, for complex numbers, can be seen to have two branches differing in sign. The term is also used from the opposite perspective (branches coming together) as when a covering map degenerates at a point of a space, with some collapsing of the fibers of the mapping.

Valuation (algebra)
In algebra (in particular in algebraic geometry or algebraic number theory), a valuation is a function on a field that provides a measure of the size or multiplicity of elements of the field. It generalizes to commutative algebra the notion of size inherent in consideration of the degree of a pole or multiplicity of a zero in complex analysis, the degree of divisibility of a number by a prime number in number theory, and the geometrical concept of contact between two algebraic or analytic varieties in algebraic geometry. A field with a valuation on it is called a valued field.
William E. Kilcrease
William Edward Kilcrease (died 1860) was a state legislator in Florida. He served in the Florida House of Representatives in 1850 and the Florida Senate in 1852, 1854, and 1855. He had a cotton plantations in Gadsden County. He owned slaves.

He purchased the Edward Curry Love House in Quincy, Florida. Its previous owners died in a Yellow Fever epidemic. His son Albert Gilchrist became governor of Florida.

Kirk Kirkland wrote a book about his wife becoming a widow after his death in 1860, remarrying, and serving as First Lady of Florida for her bachelor son.

Quincy, Florida
Quincy is a city in and the county seat of Gadsden County, Florida, United States. Quincy is part of the Tallahassee, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,970 as of the 2020 census, almost even from 7,972 at the 2010 census.
Triple Concerto (Gubaidulina)
The Triple Concerto is a composition for violin, cello, bayan, and orchestra written in 2017 by the Russian composer Sofia Gubaidulina. The work was jointly commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Carnegie Hall, the NDR Radiophilharmonie, and the Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich. Its world premiere was given by the violinist Baiba Skride, cellist Harriet Krijgh, accordionist Elsbeth Moser, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Andris Nelsons at Symphony Hall, Boston, on 23 February 2017. The piece is dedicated to Elsbeth Moser.

Boston Symphony Orchestra
The Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Boston. It is the second-oldest orchestra in the United States and one the five major American symphony orchestras commonly referred to as the "Big Five". Founded by Henry Lee Higginson in 1881, the BSO performs most of its concerts at Boston's Symphony Hall and in the summer performs at Tanglewood.

Since its founding, the orchestra has had 17 music directors, including George Henschel, Serge Koussevitzky, Henri Rabaud, Pierre Monteux, Charles Munch, Erich Leinsdorf, William Steinberg and James Levine. Andris Nelsons is the current music director of the BSO. Seiji Ozawa had held the title of BSO music director laureate. Bernard Haitink had held the title of principal guest conductor of the BSO from 1995 to 2004, then conductor emeritus until his death in 2021. The orchestra has made gramophone recordings since 1917 and has occasionally played on soundtrack recordings for films, including Schindler's List.
Vindy Lee
Vindy Lee is an Indonesian celebrity chef, author of three cookbooks,   and a certified etiquette trainer. Known as the "Queen of Slay"  of Indonesia, her viral etiquette videos has gained popularity through various social media platforms. In August 2024, Lee obtained a certification as an etiquette trainer, as a Graduate of The English Manner and Beaumont Etiquette's Train the Trainer Grade One with distinction. Her menu has been featured in Westin Hotel, Jakarta 2022. Lee previously hosted several television shows since 2011  including her own cooking show, Sexy Food, on Transvision (Indonesia); a ready meal food delivery project in Jakarta, which features her signature Beauty Secret Meals.

In 2012-2014 Lee represented Jakarta Tourism Board for Enjoy Jakarta Festivals as chef in Singapore, California, and Taiwan where she prepared authentic Indonesian food for hundreds of notable figures.

Etiquette
Etiquette (/ˈɛtikɛt, -kɪt/) can be defined as a set of norms of personal behavior in polite society, usually occurring in the form of an ethical code of the expected and accepted social behaviors that accord with the conventions and norms observed and practiced by a society, a social class, or a social group. In modern English usage, the French word étiquette (label and tag) dates from the year 1750 and also originates from the French word for "ticket," possibly symbolizing a person's entry into society through proper behavior. There are many important historical figures that have helped to shape the meaning of the term as well as provide varying perspectives.
Jarjaraya
Jarjarāyā was a city of medieval Iraq, surrounded by a meander of the Tigris. Capital of the district of Lower Nahrawan, it was inhabited by Persian nobles, according to Ya'qubi. This has been taken to assume that Jarjaraya was founded in the Sasanian period, if not earlier. By the time of Yaqut al-Hamawi in the early 1200s, however, the town was in ruins. Archaeological evidence suggests that the site was abandoned by the end of the Abbasid period.

Several medieval viziers had origins here, as indicated in their nisbas. Two Abbasid viziers, Al-Abbas ibn al-Hasan al-Jarjara'i and Ahmad ibn al-Khasib al-Jarjara'i, were from Jarjaraya, as was the eleventh-century Fatimid vizier Abu'l-Qasim al-Jarjara'i, who held the position for 18 years.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
Gillean Maclaine
Gillean Robert Maclaine of Lochbuie, 20th Baron of Moy (3 January 1921 – 5 May 1970)
was the 25th hereditary Chief of Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie.

Son of Kenneth Douglas Lorne MacLaine, 19th Baron of Moy, 24th of Lochbuie, and Olive Marguerite Stewart- Richardson, Lady Moy. Married Noreen Olive Beadon; one son, Lorne Maclaine.

In August 1942 he received an emergency commission into The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) and immediately transferred to the Glider Pilot Regiment. By 1944 he was serving as Section Commander, F Squadron ( No. 2 Wing), The Glider Pilot Regiment, part of the Airborne Forces at Arnhem. By the time of his retirement, as an Hon. Captain on 25 November 1953, he had transferred back to The Black Watch.

Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie
Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie is a Scottish Clan that inhabited lands on the southern end of the Isle of Mull in the Inner Hebrides of the western Scottish Highlands. "Maclaine" is an alternate spelling for "MacLean." Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie and Clan Maclean of Duart are two separate clans which share a strong family connection. The 26th (and current) clan chief is Lorne Gillean Ian Maclaine of Lochbuie, Baron of Moy. The clan is recognised by both the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs and the Lord Lyon.
Shropshire Senior Cup
The Shropshire Senior Cup is a county cup football competition that is open for professional and non-professional senior football teams in the English county of Shropshire.

The competition is one of the oldest cup competitions in the world, and notably, the original winning trophy is still presented to the winners, some 130 years after the Cup's inception. It is organised by the Shropshire Football Association and is annual.

The competition was first staged in the 1877–78 season, the inaugural winners being Shrewsbury, who beat Wellington Parish Church Institute 1–0.

Over the years, the competition has been dominated by the county's two leading football teams, Shrewsbury Town and Telford United, and more recently A.F.C. Telford United following the demise of the old Telford United in 2004.

Other county teams to have featured in the cup in recent years have included Market Drayton Town, Shifnal Town, Bridgnorth Town, Ludlow Town and The New Saints.

Market Drayton Town F.C.
Market Drayton Town Football Club is a football club based in Market Drayton, Shropshire, England. They are currently members of the North West Counties League Division One South and play at the Greenfields Sports Ground.
Johannesburg Beth Din
The Johannesburg Beth Din is the Beth Din (Court of Jewish Law) of the Union of Orthodox Synagogues of South Africa. It serves Jews throughout South Africa and other countries on the continent.

The focus of the Beth Din is on areas of family law, divorce and conversion, as well as adjudication of financial disputes. Other areas supervised by the Beth Din are: Circumcision, Stam, Mikvaot and Eruvin.

In 2004, the High Court of South Africa upheld a cherem (excommunication edict) against a Johannesburg businessman because he refused to pay his former wife alimony as ordered by The Johannesburg Beth Din. The case, because of its potential implications with regard to the interaction of religious and state law, elicited global interest.

Sofer
A sofer, sopher, sofer SeTaM, sofer ST"M (Hebrew: סופר סת״ם, "scribe"; plural soferim, סופרים), or soifer (Yiddish: סויפר)  is a Jewish scribe who can transcribe Sifrei Kodesh (holy scrolls), tefillin (phylacteries), mezuzot (ST"M, סת״ם, is an abbreviation of these three terms) and other religious writings.
Quintueles
Quintueles is one of 41 parishes in Villaviciosa, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Situated at 88 m (289 ft) above sea level, the parroquia is 9.81 km2 (3.79 sq mi) in area, with a population of 663 (INE 2008).

Fossilised pterosaur tracks have been uncovered at Quintueles' Lastres Formation.

Parish (administrative division)
A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

The table below lists countries which use this administrative division:
Liam MacDevitt
Liam Joshua MacDevitt is an English television presenter and former footballer. He is a regular broadcaster within football & Formula 1 Coverage on television in the UK & US.  Among his presenting credits are appearances for BBC, CBS, ITV, Amazon Prime  and F1. On the BBC he has appeared on programmes such as Football Focus,  and Match of the Day.

Ahead of the 2025/26 season he joined TNT Sports as a reporter across their  Premier League, FA Cup, UEFA Champions League & Europa League coverage.

He has interviewed winners and nominees of the PFA Players' Player of the Year awards, including Mohamed Salah, Erling Haaland, Bukayo Saka, and others.

Amazon Prime
Amazon Prime (styled as prime) is a paid subscription service of Amazon which is available in many countries and gives users access to additional services otherwise unavailable or available at a premium to other Amazon customers. Founded on February 2, 2005, services include logistics through same, one- or two-day delivery of goods, healthcare through the optional perk of One Medical primary care services, entertainment through streaming music, video, e-books, gaming, and grocery shopping services. In April 2021, Amazon reported that Prime had 200 million subscribers worldwide.
Notozomus majesticus
Notozomus majesticus is a species of schizomid arachnid (commonly known as short-tailed whip-scorpions) in the Hubbardiidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2000 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet majesticus refers to the size and appearance.

Hubbardiidae
Hubbardiidae is a family of arachnids, superficially resembling spiders. It is the larger of the two extant families of the order, Schizomida, and is divided into two subfamilies. The family is based on the description published by Orator F. Cook in 1899. The American Arachnological Society assigns the common name hubbardiid shorttailed whipscorpion to members of this family.
Parle Products
Parle Products is an Indian multinational food corporation, which makes biscuits and confectionery products. Its biscuit brand Parle-G is the best-selling biscuit brand in the world, according to a 2011 Nielsen report.

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Rollout photography
Rollout photography, a type of peripheral photography, is a process used to create a two-dimensional photographic image of a three-dimensional object.  This process is the photographic equivalent of a cylindrical map projection in cartography.  It is used predominantly for the projection of images of cylindrical objects such as vases or ceramic vessels.  The objective of this process is to present to the observer a planar representation of the object's characteristics, most notably the illustrations or artwork extant on the outside surfaces of such vessels. This planar representation is captured using photographic imaging techniques.

Cylinder
A cylinder (from Greek  κύλινδρος (kúlindros) 'roller, tumbler') has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base.

A cylinder may also be defined as an infinite curvilinear surface in various modern branches of geometry and topology. The shift in the basic meaning—solid versus surface (as in a solid ball versus sphere surface)—has created some ambiguity with terminology. The two concepts may be distinguished by referring to solid cylinders and cylindrical surfaces. In the literature the unadorned term "cylinder" could refer to either of these or to an even more specialized object, the right circular cylinder.
Johnny Neel
Johnny Neel (June 11, 1954 – October 6, 2024) was an American vocalist, songwriter, and musician based in Nashville, Tennessee. He is best known for his songwriting, his work as a session musician, and being a member of the Allman Brothers Band and the Dickey Betts Band.

As a songwriter, in addition to the material written, or co-written for the Allman Brothers, Gregg Allman, and Dickey Betts, Neel's songs have also been recorded by Gov't Mule, John Mayall, Delbert McClinton, Montgomery Gentry, Keith Whitley, Travis Tritt, The Oak Ridge Boys, Restless Heart, Ann Peebles, Dorothy Moore, and John Schneider.

As a studio musician, Neel appeared on recordings by The Allman Brothers, Gov't Mule, Warren Haynes, Dickey Betts, Montgomery Gentry, Michael McDonald, Todd Snider,Iggy Taylor, David Allan Coe, Jeff Coffin, Robert Gordon, Chris LeDoux, Tiny Town, Suzy Bogguss, Joe Diffie, Collin Raye, and Pirates of the Mississippi.

Jeff Coffin
Jeff Stanley Coffin (born August 5, 1965) is an American saxophonist, composer, and educator. He is a three-time Grammy Award winner as a member of Bela Fleck and the Flecktones, with whom he performed from 1997 until 2010. In July 2008, Coffin began touring with Dave Matthews Band and joined the group in 2009 following the death of founding member LeRoi Moore. He also leads his group Jeff Coffin & the Mu'tet.
1988 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1988.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
John the Baptist Monument
The John the Baptist Monument is a 19.8-meter (62.3 ft) concrete statue in downtown San Juan de los Morros, Guárico state, Venezuela, erected in honor of John the Baptist. Commonly called San Juanote, it's one of the highest statues in Venezuela. It was built by the command of Venezuelan dictator Juan Vicente Gómez in 1933 as a present to the city when it was declared the capital of Guárico State. The monument was carved in the hills of Calabozo and moved to San Juan in 1935.

San Juan de los Morros and its monument to the Baptist are located in a large geographical area which contact the foothills of the central Venezuelan Coastal Range and lowlands region of the Venezuelan Llanos.

Sanjuanote sits atop the El Calvario hill, a small promontory in the center of the city. The statue is surrounded by concrete lions and old cannons that serve as gatekeepers in a symbolic protective attitude around the monument.

Llanos
The Llanos (Spanish Los Llanos, "The Plains"; Spanish pronunciation: [los ˈʝanos]) is a vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America. It is an ecoregion of the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.