hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Rupes
Enterprise Rupes is an escarpment on Mercury, located at 36.54°S, 283.46°W. It is the longest rupes on Mercury,  with a length of 820 kilometers (510 mi).  The escarpment was named after USS Enterprise, a ship which conducted the first surveys of the Mississippi and Amazon rivers.

Enterprise Rupes are within the Debussy quadrangle and they cut across Rembrandt crater.  The scarp is the youngest tectonic feature observed in this region, because it cuts all other units including smooth plains.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
2023 Mazda MX-5 Cup
The 2023 Idemitsu Mazda MX-5 Cup presented by BF Goodrich is a single-make motor racing championship, the 19th season of the Mazda MX-5 Cup and the 3rd under a new sanctioning agreement with the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). The series began on January 25 at Daytona International Speedway, and concluded on October 13 at Michelin Raceway Road Atlanta after 14 rounds. Jared Thomas defended the driver's championship, with his team JTR Motorsports Engineering winning the entrant's championship as well. Nate Cicero from McCumbee McAleer Racing won the Rookie of The Year award.

IMSA
The International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) is a North American sports car racing sanctioning body based in Daytona Beach, Florida, under the jurisdiction of the ACCUS arm of the FIA. It was started by John Bishop, a former executive director of SCCA (Sports Car Club of America), and his wife Peggy in 1969 with help from Bill France Sr. of NASCAR. Beginning in 2014, IMSA is the sanctioning body of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, the premier series resulting from the merger of Grand-Am Road Racing and the American Le Mans Series.  IMSA is owned by NASCAR Holdings, as a subsidiary company with a designated board of directors.
PLOS Medicine
PLOS Medicine (formerly styled PLoS Medicine) is a peer-reviewed weekly medical journal covering the full spectrum of the medical sciences. It began operation on October 19, 2004, as the second journal of the Public Library of Science (PLOS), a non-profit open access publisher. All content in PLOS Medicine is published under the Creative Commons "by-attribution" license. To fund the journal, the publication's business model requires in most cases that authors pay publication fees. The journal was published online and in a printed format until 2005 and is now only published online. The journal's acting chief editor is Clare Stone, who replaced the previous chief editor, Larry Peiperl, in 2018.

Article processing charge
An article processing charge (APC), also known as a publication fee, is a fee which is sometimes charged to authors. Most commonly, it is involved in making an academic work available as open access (OA), in either a full OA journal or in a hybrid journal. This fee may be paid by the author, the author's institution, or their research funder. 
Sometimes, publication fees are also involved in traditional journals or for paywalled content.
Some publishers waive the fee in cases of hardship or geographic location, but this is not a widespread practice. An article processing charge does not guarantee that the author retains copyright to the work, or that it will be made available under a Creative Commons license.
Dominique-Augustin Dufêtre
Dominique-Augustin Dufêtre (Lyon, 17 April 1796–Nevers, 6 November 1860) was the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nevers from 1842 to 1860.

Born in Lyon, Dufêtre entered the seminary of Saint Irene and then entered the monastery of the Carthusians in Lyon, after which he preached throughout France at missions and ecclesiastical retreats. He was vicar general of Tours when he was appointed on 13 September 1842 as bishop of Nevers; he was ordained on 21 March 1843. His patron saint was Saint Dominic.

Nevers
Nevers (/nəˈvɛər/ nə-VAIR, French: [nəvɛʁ] ⓘ; Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is a city and the prefecture of the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central France. It was the principal city of the former province of Nivernais. It is 260 km (160 mi) south-southeast of Paris.
2021 Gibraltar Darts Trophy
The 2021 Gibraltar Darts Trophy was the second PDC European Tour event on the 2021 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at Europa Sports Park, Gibraltar from 24 to 26 September 2021. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Krzysztof Ratajski was the defending champion after defeating Dave Chisnall 8–2 in the 2019 final, with the 2020 edition being cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He lost in the quarter-finals to Mensur Suljović.

Gerwyn Price won his fifth European Tour title, the second in a row after his Hungarian Darts Trophy win, defeating Suljović 8–0 in the final.

Europa Sports Park
Europa Sports Park is a multi-purpose stadium at Europa Point, Gibraltar. In UEFA matches, the stadium is referred to as Europa Point Stadium.

The facility is home to the Gibraltar national rugby union team, as well as other sports such as cricket, darts, gymnastics, squash and more. The rugby uses the facility to host all their home national team games, as well as the training and match base for the four Gibraltar Rugby Football Union clubs: Ibex Buccaneers, the Rock Scorpions, the Straits Sharks and Europa Stormers who all play in the u-mee Gibraltar Rugby Championship. The Trusted Novus Bank Youth Rugby Festival also recently joined the lineup of events and activities at the park.
5-25-77
5-25-77, released as 25-5-77 in the United Kingdom, is a 2022 American coming-of-age film written and directed by Patrick Read Johnson and produced by Fred Roos and Gary Kurtz. It stars John Francis Daley as a teenage director living in Wadsworth, Illinois, and his excitement for the premiere of Star Wars on May 25, 1977.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Wola Cicha
Wola Cicha [ˈvɔla ˈt͡ɕixa] is a village which was until 31 December 2019 in the administrative district of Gmina Głogów Małopolski, within Rzeszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. From 1 January 2020 it became part of the town of Głogów Małopolski. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Głogów Małopolski and 12 km (7 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.

Gmina Głogów Małopolski
Gmina Głogów Małopolski is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Rzeszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Głogów Małopolski, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 145.76 square kilometres (56.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 18,185 (out of which the population of Głogów Małopolski amounts to 5,123, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 13,062).
Virtuous pagan
Virtuous pagan is a concept in Christian theology that addressed the fate of the unlearned—the issue of nonbelievers who were never evangelized and consequently during their lifetime had no opportunity to recognize Christ, but nevertheless led virtuous lives, so that it seemed objectionable to consider them damned. Prominent examples of virtuous pagans are Heraclitus, Parmenides, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Trajan, and Virgil.

A Christian doctrinal formulation of this concept, though not universally accepted, is known as the "Anonymous Christian" in the theology of Karl Rahner, which is analogous to teachings of the gerim toshavim in Judaism and Hanifs in Islam.

Ger toshav
Ger toshav (Hebrew: גר תושב, ger: "foreigner" or "alien" + toshav: "resident", lit. "resident alien") is a halakhic term used in Judaism to designate the legal status of a Gentile (non-Jew) living in the Land of Israel who does not want to convert to Judaism but agrees to observe the Seven Laws of Noah, a set of imperatives which, according to the Talmud, were given by God as a binding set of universal moral laws for the "sons of Noah"—that is, all of humanity. A ger toshav, especially one who decides to follow the Noahic covenant out of religious belief rather than ethical reasoning, is commonly deemed a "Righteous Gentile" (Hebrew: חסיד אומות העולם, Chassid Umot ha-Olam: "Pious People of the World"), and is assured of a place in the World to Come (Olam Ha-Ba).
Filipp Ovsyannikov
Filipp Vasilievich Ovsyannikov (Russian: Филипп Васильевич Овсянников; 26 June [O.S. 14 June] 1827–11 June [O.S. 29 May] 1906) was the first Russian histologist and the founder of sturgeon breeding.

Ovsyannikov graduated from the Imperial University of Dorpat in 1853. He worked in Claude Bernard's laboratory in 1860 and in Carl Ludwig's laboratory in 1869. He held the chair in physiology at the University of Kazan from 1858 to 1862 and the chair in anatomy at the University of Saint Petersburg from 1864 to 1886. In 1864, he established the Physiological Laboratory for the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Ovsyannikov's laboratory was used for research by such young physiologists as Elias von Cyon and Ivan Pavlov.

In 1869, Ovsyannikov pioneered artificial reproduction of sterlet. A series of experiments with fish breeding won him a gold medal from the Free Economic Society. In 1871, he discovered the vasomotor center and determined its precise limits in the medulla oblongata.

Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard (French: [klod bɛʁnaʁ]; 12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist. I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science". He originated the term milieu intérieur and the associated concept of homeostasis (the latter term being coined by Walter Cannon).
Ensio Siilasvuo
Pehr Hjalmar Ensio Siilasvuo (né Strömberg; 1 January 1922 – 10 January 2003) was a Finnish general. His father was Lieutenant General Hjalmar Siilasvuo of Winter War fame.

Ensio Siilasvuo enlisted in the Finnish Army in 1940 and served as a chief-of-staff of an infantry regiment in 1945. He was promoted to captain at the age of 22 and was wounded twice.

After the war he led several UN missions. He was the Commander of the Finnish Contingent to Cyprus in 1964 to 1965, UNFICYP. He served in a variety of positions in the Middle East after the Six-Day War. He was Commander of the United Nations Emergency Force II on the Sinai Peninsula from the end of the October War (1973) until August 1975. In August 1975 he was assigned to the new post of Chief Coordinator of the United Nations Peacekeeping Missions in the Middle East, which he held until peace was reached between Egypt and Israel in 1979. He retired in 1980.

He was promoted to the rank of full general on 6 October 1998.

Finnish Army
The Finnish Army (Finnish: Maavoimat [ˈmɑːˌʋoi̯mɑt], Swedish: Armén) is the land forces branch of the Finnish Defence Forces. The Finnish Army is divided into six branches: infantry (which includes armoured units), field artillery, anti-aircraft artillery, engineers, signals, and materiel troops. The commander of the Finnish Army as of 1 January 2022 is Lieutenant General Pasi Välimäki.
Spy, Belgium
Spy (French pronunciation: [spi]; Walloon: Spî) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

Here in 1886, in the Grotte de Spy or the Betche aux Roches cavern, Maximin Lohest and Marcel de Puydt found two nearly perfect Neanderthal skeletons (man and woman) at the depth of 16 feet (4.9 m), with numerous implements of the Mousterian type.  Recently, Yves Saquet found a third skeleton of the same age.

Mousterian
The Mousterian (or Mode III) is an archaeological industry of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe, and with the earliest anatomically modern humans in North Africa and West Asia. The Mousterian largely defines the latter part of the Middle Paleolithic, the middle of the West Eurasian Old Stone Age. It lasted roughly from 160,000 to 40,000 BP. If its predecessor, known as Levallois or Levallois–Mousterian, is included, the range is extended to include as early as c. 300,000–200,000 BP. The main following period is the Aurignacian (c. 43,000–28,000 BP) of Homo sapiens.
Beringel
Beringel is a town (vila) and parish (freguesia) in Beja Municipality, Alentejo in Southern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,301, in an area of 15.04 km2.

Three famous Portuguese singers were born in Beringel: António Zambujo, Cândida Branca Flor and Linda de Suza.

Alentejo
Alentejo (/ˌælənˈteɪʒoʊ/ AL-ən-TAY-zhoh, UK also /-ʒuː/ -⁠zhoo, Portuguese: [ɐlẽˈtɛʒu] ⓘ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond the Tagus" (além do Tejo).

Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo and Baixo Alentejo. It corresponds to the districts of Beja, Évora, Portalegre, and Alentejo Litoral. Its main cities are Évora, Beja, Sines, Serpa, Estremoz, Elvas, and Portalegre.

It has borders with Beira Baixa in the north, with Spain (Andalucia and Extremadura) in the east, Algarve in the south, and the Atlantic Ocean, Ribatejo, and Estremadura in the west.

Alentejo is a region known for its traditional polyphonic singing groups, similar to those found in Tuscany, Corsica, and elsewhere.
Beauty Lacchi and Faluda
Beauty Lacchi and Faluda is a store that was established on 15 June 1922 in Dacca, Bengal Presidency, British Raj (now Dhaka, Bangladesh). It was opened by Abdul Aziz in the purpose of selling Lassi and Lemonade.

Lassi
Lassi (pronounced [ləsːi]) is a yogurt–based beverage with a smoothie-like consistency. The word 'lassi' means yogurt mixed with water in Punjabi and Hindi-Urdu.

Lassi is prepared by blending yogurt, water, and spices. In Punjab where the drink originated, the yogurt is traditionally made from water buffalo milk. Variations of lassi exist, such as by adding salt, cumin or cardamom. Lassi is traditionally served in a clay cup known as kulhar. In the 21st century, lassi is commonly consumed in many world regions.
Belmont House School
Belmont House School is a private co-educational school in Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire, Scotland, in the greater Glasgow area, providing primary and secondary education. It is based in the former Broom House, a Georgian category B listed building.

East Renfrewshire
East Renfrewshire (Scots: Aest Renfrewshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Rinn Friù an Ear) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It was formed in 1996, as a successor to the Eastwood district of the Strathclyde region.

Clockwise, East Renfrewshire borders Glasgow to the northeast, South Lanarkshire to the southeast, East Ayrshire to the southwest, North Ayrshire to the west and Renfrewshire to the northwest. Many of the council area's northern settlements fall into the Greater Glasgow urban area.

Until 1975, the council area formed part of the county of Renfrewshire for local government purposes along with the modern council areas of Renfrewshire and Inverclyde. These three council areas together still form a single lieutenancy area called Renfrewshire.
Ilhami Çiçek
Ilhami Çiçek (1954 in Oltu / Erzurum – June 14, 1983 in Erzincan) was a Turkish poet. He completed his primary and elementary education in Oltu. He graduated from Atatürk University, Faculty of Literature. His articles on folk literature were published in the local newspapers of Erzurum while he was a student at university. Afterwards, he worked for the review Edebiyat, which was directed by Nuri Pakdil, as a regular poet. His poem Otel Odası (The Hotel Room) came first at a poetry competition held by the review Adımlar.

Erzurum
Erzurum (Armenian: Կարին, romanized: Karin; Kurdish: Erzîrom) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. It is the site of ancient Theodosiopolis.

The city uses the double-headed eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif that has been a common symbol throughout Anatolia since the Bronze Age.

Erzurum has winter sports facilities, hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade, and the 2023 Winter Deaflympics (in March 2024).
The House at Rueil
The House at Rueil (La maison du Rueil) is the title of two oil-on-canvas paintings by Édouard Manet completed in 1882.  The paintings depict a view of the house where Manet and his family stayed for a few months before his death. The two versions are almost identical, but one is in landscape format, and the other is portrait format. The landscape version measures 71.5 × 92.3 cm and is in the collection of the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin, Germany, whereas the portrait version measures 92.8 × 73.5 cm and is at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia. The composition shows typical characteristics of Impressionism and influenced various painters in the early 20th century who created similar works based on this model.

Alte Nationalgalerie
The Alte Nationalgalerie (lit. Old National Gallery) is a listed building on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin, Germany. The gallery was built from 1862 to 1876 by the order of King Frederick William IV of Prussia according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler and Johann Heinrich Strack in Neoclassical and Renaissance Revival styles. The building's outside stair features a memorial to Frederick William IV. Currently, the Alte Nationalgalerie is home to paintings and sculptures of the 19th century and hosts a variety of tourist buses daily. As part of the Museum Island complex, the gallery was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 for its outstanding architecture and its testimony to the development of museums and galleries as a cultural phenomenon in the late 19th century.
Cheung Pei Shan Road
Cheung Pei Shan Road (Chinese: 象鼻山路) is a road near Cheung Pei Shan in Tsuen Wan and Sheung Kwai Chung of Hong Kong. It links the north edge of town centre of Tsuen Wan New Town to Shing Mun, from Tsuen Kam Interchange with Route Twisk, Tai Ho Road North, Wai Tsuen Road and Texaco Road North to the entrance of the Shing Mun Tunnels. The road is part of Route 9. North of the road are resited villages from the old town of Tsuen Wan and Cheung Pei Shan; to its south are public housing estates: Lei Muk Shue Estate, Cheung Shan Estate and Shek Wai Kok Estate.

Shek Wai Kok Estate
Shek Wai Kok Estate (Chinese: 石圍角邨) is a public housing estate in Shek Wai Kok, Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Shing Mun Valley and Luk Yeung Sun Chuen. It consists of 8 residential buildings completed in 1980 to 1982.
Donald Shoultz
Donald L. Shoultz (born August 2, 1936) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.

Shoultz was born in Muscatine, Iowa. He attended the University of Northern Iowa and University of Georgia and was a teacher. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1983 to 2007, as a Democrat.

University of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2025 total enrollment was 9,204 students.

The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents.
Cormeilles-en-Parisis
Cormeilles-en-Parisis (French pronunciation: [kɔʁmɛj ɑ̃ paʁizi] ⓘ, literally Cormeilles in Parisis) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in Northern France.

Inhabitants are called Cormeillais(e).

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Nuclear Blast Records
Nuclear Blast Records is a German record label with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Donzdorf. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by thrash metal, melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes post-hardcore/metalcore labels SharpTone Records. Another post-hardcore/metalcore label, Arising Empire, was in Nuclear Blast's portfolio until its acquisition by Kontor New Media in 2020.

In October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.